Boston Public Library
Boston, MA 02116

HISTORY

OF THE

TOWN OF HINGHAM,

MASSACHUSETTS.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

Volume I. — Part I.
HISTORICAL.

PUBLISHED BY THE TOWN.

1893.

5 oosox
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John Wilson and Sox, Cambridge.

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PREFACE.

TN the year 1827 a History of Hingham was compiled
by Solomon Lincoln, Jr., which was published by-
Caleb Gill, Jr., and Farmer and Brown, of Hingham. It
was a small volume of one hundred and eighty-three
pages, the work of private enterprise, and only three
hundred copies were printed. Many of the copies have
been destroyed or lost, or distributed among the families
of persons who have removed from Hingham ; collec-
tors of rare books have also contributed to make the
work still more scarce, and of greatly enhanced money
value ; so that it has been difficult to secure information
concerning the early annals of the town. Moreover the
last half-century has been prolific with changes in our
local affairs as important as any in all our previous
history. It therefore became a matter of sufficient public
interest for the town to take some action in relation to
the publication of its history, and at the annual meeting
in 1882 a committee was appointed to consider the expedi-
ency of publishing a History of Hingham. This committee
made a report at the annual town meeting, in 1883, recom-
mending " that the town cause a History of Hingham
to be prepared and published, and that a committee be
appointed to have entire charge of the publication."

vi Preface.

The report was accepted, the recommendations adopted,
and the following committee appointed to carry the same
into effect, viz. : —

George Lincoln. E. Waters Burr. Edmund Hersey.

Fearing Burr. Elijah Shute. Amasa Whiting.

John Cushing. Henry Stephenson. Joseph 0. Burdett.

Francis H. Lincoln. John D. Long. Walter L. Bouve.

Amasa Whiting was unable to serve, and Arthur Lincoln
was appointed in his place.

Liberal appropriations have been made by the town
from time to time, for the accomplishment of the work.

The first question which confronted the committee was,
" Who shall write the History ? ' It was agreed at once
that for the preparation of the Genealogies of Hingham
families Mr. George Lincoln was best fitted, on account of
the amount of material already in his possession, his many
years of research, and his familiarity with the families
of the town. He was therefore employed by the com-
mittee to furnish that portion of the work. Had there
been known to the committee any one person possessing
the ability and taste for historical writing, the leisure to
devote to it, and familiarity with the history and tra-
ditions of our town, he would have given to the work a
uniformity of style and continuity of narrative which is
very desirable. But no one answering this description
appeared to be available, and as assurances of a willing-
ness to write upon special topics were given by several of
our citizens, who seemed to be well adapted to such special
work, the plan was decided upon which has its fulfilment
in the following pages of " Historical " matter. The work
of these authors has been without compensation other than

Preface. vii

the pleasure and satisfaction gained from the study of the
past, and at much cheerful and voluntary sacrifice of
time and strength. Many of the illustrations have been
procured through the enthusiasm of some of our local
amateur photographers.

The work has grown far beyond any original expecta-
tion of its magnitude, and, as it is, much has of necessity
been omitted which it might be profitable and interesting
to preserve ; the patience of the town has been taxed
through many years of anxious waiting ; but it is hoped
that the perusal of these pages, with their narratives of
past accomplishments, may inspire a patriotic pride among
our citizens to maintain an honorable place in the world's
history for the Town of Hingham.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Volume 1. — Part I.

Page

The Geology of Hingham . . . Thomas T. Bouve . . 1

Mineralogy '• '• . . 75

Notes on Animal Life .... •• •• ... 79

The Botany of Hingham ... '•' •• 87

Trees and Shrubs of Hingham . Edward T. Bouve . . . 139

Ancient Landmarks " '•' ... 157

Early Settlers John D. Long .... 201

Military History Walter L. Bouve . . . 209

ILLUSTRATIONS

Volume I. — Part 1.

Page

Portrait of Thomas T. Bouve i!4

Union Street Dike 34

Beach Street Dike 35

From a drawing by Edward T. Bouve.

Double Dike, Rocky Neck 49

From a drawing by Edward T. Bouve.

Pot Holes, Cohasset 54

Pot Holes, Cohasset 56

Kames near Great Hill . 60

Bowlder, Cobb's Bank 67

From a drawing by Edward T. Bouve.

Bowlder, Derby Street 68

From a photograph by George E. Siders.

Main Street, Hingham . 140

From a photograph by Francis H. Lincoln.

Old Elm, East Street 150

From a photograph by Francis A. Osrorn.

Old Elm, Prospect Street 150

From a photograpli by Francis A. Osborn.

Tittling Rock 164

Engraved by Wallace Corthell from a photograph by George E. Riders.

Pond Rock, Scituate Pond 169

Engraved by Wallace Corthell from a photograph by George E. Siders.

Home of General Lincoln ISO

Main Street, South Hingham 184

From a photograph by Henry F. Guild.

Thaxter House 188

From a photograph by William Hudson.

Corner of Main and Leavitt Streets 190

From a photograph by Francis A. Oshorn.

xii Illustrations.

Page

Glad Tidings Eock ...... 195

Engraved by Wallace Cortiiell from a photograph by George E. Siders.

Sprague's Bridge, Union Street 196

From a photograph by Henry F. Guild.

Portrait of Joseph Blake 256

Portrait of General Lincoln 304

General Lincoln's Monument 306

Portrait of Governor Andrew 342

Statue of Governor Andrew 368

From a photograph by Henry F. Guild.

Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument 371

From a photograph by Fraxcis H. Lincoln.

MAPS TO ILLUSTRATE GEOLOGY.

General Map of Hingham 4

District between Crow Point and Huit's Cove .... 30

District between Lincoln Street and Beal's Cove . . 42

Rocky Neck on Weir River 46

Hingham Village and West Hingham 52

HISTORY

OF THE

TOWN OF HINGHAM,

MASSACHUSETTS.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

Volume I. — Part I.
HISTORICAL.

HISTORY OF HINGHAM

THE GEOLOGY OF HINGHAM.

BY THOMAS T. BOUVE.

INTRODUCTION.

Boundary Lines.

The boundary-line of Hinghain, commencing on the water-
front at Cohasset, near the head of Nantasket Beach, runs west
through an elongated inlet of the sea or bay which lies east of
the lower waters of Weir River, and from thence follows along
this river, and subsequently skirts the coast at the base of the
hills known as Planters' and World's End, in a northwesterly
direction until it passes the latter, when it turns westerly and
crosses outside the harbor of the town and the shores north to
the mouth of Weymouth Back River. From there this river
forms the boundary between the town and a part of Weymouth
to the head of navigation, about three and a half miles. The other
boundary-lines are artificial, dividing the town on the west from
a part of Weymouth not separated by the river, on the south and
southeast from Rockland and Norvvell, and on the east from Cohas-
set. The boundary-line of the harbor leaves exterior to it Bunkin
Island, which belongs to Hull, and that of the southern boundary
crosses Accord Pond, the beautiful sheet of water from which
Hingham draws its abundant supply.

The shore-line of the water-front of the town, as distinct from
that of the boundary, is much more extensive, following as it does
the numerous indentures of the coast, and embracing the circum-
ference of the islands. Notice should be taken of the distinction
between the boundary and shore lines, as they comprise the limits
between which the marine forms of life appear that may be here-
after mentioned.

The coast bordering upon the Weir River and Bay is of varied
and picturesque character, with its alternating rocky projections
and swampy plains. The shore-line, too, from Crow Point west

VOL. I. — l

2 History of Hingham.

to the mouth of Weymouth River presents much diversity, and at
Huit's Cove, where the rocky cliffs are covered with forest growth,
the scenery becomes again quite interesting, and continues so upon
the river front to the head of navigation.

"O'

The Harbor.

The harbor of Hingham, properly so called, is embraced within
an extension of land on the east side which rises into hills of con-
siderable magnitude, the outermost of which is World's End, and
an opposite shore of less extent, which presents itself partly as a
sandy and stony beach, but having towards its extremity some
rocky prominences, finally terminating at an elevation of land
which received at an early period the name of Crow Point, prob-
ably from the great number of crows that congregated there. In
the harbor, which is from three fourths of a mile to a mile in
width and about one mile and a half in depth, are three beautiful
islands, bearing the names respectively of Ragged, Sarah's, and
Langlee's ; of which the first named is particularly picturesque,
from the rugged outline of its coast and the dark savins upon its
crags. They are all of moderate elevation, and shrubs of low
growth cover their undulating surfaces. Only one deciduous tree
is seen, and that a Linden of considerable size, upon the one known
as Langlee's.1 Besides these three islands, there is yet another near
the shore of the town, and which from its diminutive size received
the name of Button Island. The harbor itself is a charming one
when the tide is in, and by no means lacks beauty when this has
ebbed. True, the lovely sheet of water has disappeared from view,
but the exposed flats are covered everywhere with the dense sea-
grass that rests recumbent on their surfaces, and there is seen
meandering through its sombre green a silvery channel pleasing
to the eye, and which is of sufficient width and depth to admit the
steamers and other vessels that approach the town. Other large
islands lie off the coast of Hingham, but the town line separates
them from its possessions. Particular attention is called to those
of the harbor and to the contour of the coast, in order to the
better understanding of the geological phenomena to be hereafter
presented.

Area.

The area of Hingham, as given in the Town Report for 1885,
p. 76, is 12,973 acres.

The greatest length of the town is that shown by a line from
World's End to the southwesterly point at Rockland. This is over
eight miles.

1 Since the above was written young trees set out upon the two islands, Sarah's
and Langlee's, by the present proprietor, are becoming conspicuous, and promise to add
much to the beauty of their surfaces and of the harbor generally by their growth.

The Geology of Hingham. 3

The greatest width across the town, direct east and west, is from
where Scituate touches the boundary to Weymouth. This is five
miles. Across the northern part of the town, at the point of its
junction with Hull and Cohasset, west to Weymouth River, the
width is a little over four and a third miles. Between these two
measurements it narrows on an east and west line to about three
and a third miles.

Topography.

The topography of Hingham is of sucli marked character as to
make it of exceeding interest to those who are at all acquainted
with surface geology. The writer therefore hopes to be able to
impart such knowledge of this in later pages devoted to the phe-
nomena of glacial action as will add much to the pleasure of
townsmen and strangers alike in travelling over its territory.

The most noticeable features arise from the great number of
the beautiful hills belonging to a class called by Irish geologists,
Drumlins, signifying long, rounded hills, and by our own country-
man, Prof. Charles H. Hitchcock, Lenticular Hills, from their
lens-like form. They are distinguished by their oval and sym-
metrical outlines, by their composition, and by the direction of
their longest axes, which in this region is approximately north-
west and southeast. They are products of the ice period, in the
treatment of which a full account of them will be given. Otis
Hill, Turkey Hill, Prospect Hill, Baker's Hill, Squirrel Hill, Great
Hill, Planters' Hill, the Hills of World's End, the Hills of Crow
Point and neighborhood, and many others of lesser magnitude,
are of this character. Of much less prominence, but of not less
interest to students of surface geology, are the Karnes, so called,
consisting of ridges, hills, and hillocks, which occur over a large
portion of territory in the western part of the town. These, like
the Lenticular Hills, owe their origin to glacial action.

In a very general way it may be said that the settlements of the
town rest upon four surfaces of different elevations, namely : one
along the harbor and spreading west towards Fort Hill and Wey-
mouth River ; Lower Plain, so called, which rises from the first-
mentioned, half a mile or more inland ; Glad Tidings Plain, a
slightly higher level which succeeds the last, three or four miles
inland, and which is separated from it by a depression of the land ;
and finally, Liberty Plain, the highest of all, reaching to the
southern boundary.

This statement, however, though true of the several settlements
of the town, affords but a very inadequate idea of the diversified
character of the whole territory, for even the lowest region has
several of the high hills mentioned rising from it, and bordering
the second is Turkey Hill, having an altitude of 181 feet, which is
only inferior to the highest of all in town.

4 History of Hingham.

One of the most prominent of the elevations of the lowest plateau
is Otis Hill, which rises quite near the harbor on its western side.
The views from this are very fine, and should be seen by all who
keenly enjoy an extended prospect. It is said that Daniel Webster
ascended the hill whenever opportunity presented itself, feeling
amply repaid for the necessary exertion in reaching its summit.
On the east, beyond Nantasket Beach and the rocky shore of Co-
hasset, the open sea spreads itself to the vision until lost in the
distant horizon ; north, the coast of the opposite side of Massa-
chusetts Bay may be traced until it, too, fades from sight towards
Cape Ann ; and northwest, the domes and spires of the great city,
with the expanse of water gemmed with islands and dotted over
with vessels gliding among them, afford an enchanting scene.
The height of Otis Hill is about 129 feet. The still higher ele-
vation of the second plateau, Turkey Hill, before mentioned,
affords yet grander views. No one who has not been here can
appreciate the transcendent beauty of such as may be enjoyed
from its summit, in looking towards the west and northwest just
as the sun is sinking beneath the horizon, especially when hover-
ing clouds are lit up by its rays and the intervening water is tinted
by their reflections.

The highest elevation of all is that of Prospect Hill, and it is
worthy the name. This is in the south part of the town, and has
a height of 218-^ feet. Measurements of other hills give the fol-
lowing results : —

Baker's, 141 feet; Squirrel, 133 feet; Great Hill, 120 feet;
Planter's, 118 feet ; Old Colony, 70 feet ; Liberty Pole, 107 feet ;
the highest of the World's End hills, 92, the lowest, 66 ; Crow
Point Hill, 81 ; Pleasant, near Crow Point, 93 ; Bradley's, 87 ;
Tucker's, between Crow Point and Pleasant, 65.

Much of the remaining territory presents itself in rounded hil-
locks of various elevations, and in the west part of the town these
prevail over a great area. Unfortunately they have to a. great
extent been denuded of trees. Barren wastes are found, unsightly
to the eye where beauty might abound, and where profit might be
realized if the surface could be devoted to forest culture. Nothing
could be done that would be more advantageous to this almost
destitute portion of the town than to cover it with the white pine,
as there can be no doubt but that it would be a wise investment
of money to do this if proper precautions were taken to protect
the growth from destruction by fires.

Independently of the interesting features of the landscape men-
tioned, there is such variety of surface over the town as to make
all parts attractive.

In some portions are miles of rich and rocky woodlands, in
other portions swamps impenetrable from forest growth. In
places, high cliffs of rock rise from above the general level ; in
others, green meadows of peaceful beauty stretch far before the

The Geology of Hingham. 5

vision. Here may be seen from some elevation tree-clad hills and
dales ; there, water checkered with islands, and the ocean itself
receding in the far distance from sight. Here one may wander
along a rock-bound coast, with objects of interest everywhere in
view; or he may seek and find, in deep dark woods, sequestered
glens as far remote seemingly from all human surroundings and
associations as would be to him the recesses in the distant moun-
tains. Few towns, indeed, can present more diversified features.

Swamps.

There are numerous swamps in the town, some of which are
quite extensive, as Bare Swamp, which extends over a considera-
ble tract of country, from the neighborhood of the West End depot
to French Street, near Weymouth ; Hemlock Swamp, which lies
between Hobart and High streets ; and several others southwest
of these.

Rivers.

Excepting Weymouth Back River, which borders a part of the
town on the west, and Weir River, there are none worthy the
name. Many streams contribute to the latter, the most important
of which has its origin in Accord Pond. Others of its tributaries
flow from the swamps of the town, which, as before stated, are
numerous, especially in its western portions.

Ponds.

Of the ponds of the town delineated on the map, Cushing's,
Trip-Hummer, Fulling-Mill, and Thomas', are all artificial. The
only natural one of any considerable area, of which any portion is
within the borders of Hingham, is Accord Pond. This seems sin-
gular, considering the many natural line sheets of water which are
found in the surrounding territory. What Nature has, however,
denied, has been in part provided through the enterprise of the
inhabitants, who for manufacturing purposes have dammed the
streams, spread their waters over surfaces bounded by hills, and
thus greatly enhanced the beauty of the scenery in many locali-
ties. Cushing's Pond resulted from the damming of one of the
tributary streams of Weir River, known as Plymouth River ; Trip-
hammer Pond, from the damming of another tributary known as
Beechwood, or Mill River ; Thomas' Pond from the damming of
the main stream ; and Fulling-Mill Pond from a small stream,
sometimes called Cold Spring.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS ON GENERAL GEOLOGY.

Any account of the Geology of Hingham would necessarily be
but of little service to the unscientific reader, unless preceded
by some remarks upon the several ruck formations of the earth
and the periods of their deposition. The advance of knowledge
respecting these has been so rapid that the very terms but re-
cently used to designate their relative age are not only obsolete to
a considerable degree, but often misleading. For instance, it is
not long since the word '; primitive " conveyed to all students the
idea that the rocks so designated, the granites, were the earliest
formed of all the earth's strata ; but now it is a well-recognized
fact that these have been produced in nearly all periods of geo-
logic time. All ideas based upon views taught in the books of
a past generation respecting Primitive, Transition, and Secondary
rocks should be dismissed from thought as being now but of
little or no significance.

In order that the mind may be receptive of the grand ideas
which a knowledge of geological phenomena cannot fail to im-
part, it is necessary first of all to disabuse it of the narrow con-
ceptions of creation which have too long prevailed among men.
It must recognize the sublime truth that the great Power which
permeates and controls all matter has been for inconceivable ages
evolving from the chaos of things the innumerable worlds that
compose the universe ; and in fine must look upon the earth we
inhabit, with all its multitude of living and ever-changing forms,
as the result of the constant and never-ceasing action of creative
energy for not only thousands, but for very many millions of
years.

The calculations relative to the age of the earth have been
based upon several grounds, — one astronomical, by estimates of
the time which would be required to reduce the sun from the dimen-
sions embraced within the orbit of the earth to its present size.
This Professor Newcomb makes 18,000,000 years. Add to this
the time which he concludes might have passed before the tem-
perature of the globe itself would have been reduced so as to
allow of the existence of water upon it, 3,845,000 years, and the
time estimated by him for the development of the several forma-
tions composing the earth's strata, which he embraces within

The Geology of Hingham. 7

a period of 10,000,000 years, and we have a total of 31,845,000
years since the globe was separated from the sun in a gaseous
condition, and of but 1:3,815,000 years since the first incrusta-
tion of its surface.

Another method of determining the age has been to base esti-
mates upon the internal heat of the globe and the rate of cooling.
Sir William Thomson thus concluded that about 80,000,000
years must have elapsed for the globe to cool to its present con-
dition, dating from the first incrustation upon its surface.

Another method has been to base calculations upon the geo-
logical changes that have been going on during comparatively
recent times, b}' which sedimentary deposits have been formed
at a known rate of thickness within certain periods. Dr. Croll
estimates in this way that not less than 60,000,000 years must
have elapsed, and probably much more since sedimentation began.
Another investigator, Dr. Haughton, on the same basis extends
the time to more than 200,000,000 years.

It is unnecessary to add more on this point. It is sufficient to
state that no man capable of forming a judgment, and who has
duly investigated the question, has been able to come to any other
conclusion than that our good mother the earth has been revolv-
ing in her orbit, since incrustation and the commencement of
sedimentation, for millions of years, and whether these be num-
bered by tens or hundreds can be but of little moment, when the
feast mentioned is more than long enough to appall the mind in
its contemplation.

It is however desirable, in view of a better understanding of
what may follow relative to different periods in the earth's history,
to give a table showing the estimated duration of each, assuming
the whole length of time since incrustation to be 80,000,000
years, as calculated by Sir William Thomson. Of course, if it
should be assumed that the whole period since incrustation was
more or less than 80,000,000 years, the time estimated for each
period would be proportionately lengthened or shortened. The
time ratios of the several periods have been determined by Pro-
fessor Dana from the relative thickness of the rocky sediments,
and of the probable time required for their deposit, and though
estimates thus based must necessarily be imperfect," yet by them
we can approximate somewhat nearer to the truth than in any
other way. The presentation will be useful in impressing on the
mind of the reader the remote antiquity of the rocks of Hingham ;
for if, as generally claimed, the greater portion of them had their
origin in Archaean Time, basing their age on Sir William's esti-
mate of the ao;e of the world, tbev must have been formed more
than 30,000,000 years ago. The table is abbreviated from one
presented in the very valuable work of Alexander Winchell,
LL. D., Professor of Geology and Palaeontology in the University
of Michigan, called " World Life, or Comparative Geology."

8

History of Hingham.
Estimated Length of Geological Periods.

Formations.

Kock Measure.
Feet.

Percentage.

Thomson's Basis.
Years.

PYROLITHIC TIME ....

123,200

27.77

22,216,000

ARCHAEAN TIME.

01,600

13.88

11,104,000

Eozoic Age.

41,200

9.20

7,408,000

20,400

4 62

3,696,000

PALAEOZOIC TIME.

Silurian Age.

Primordial Period

16,400

3.70

2,960,000

Canadian Period

45,400

10.23

8,184,000

Trenton Period

14,700

3.32

2,656,000

Niagara Period

7,100

1.60

1,280,000

Salina Period

2,050

.46

368,000

Lower Helderberg Period . .

7,500

1.69

1,352.000

Devonian Age.

Oriskany Period

720

.17

136,000

Corniferous Period ....

2,800

.63

504.000

Hamilton Period . . . .

6,000

1.35

1,080,000

Chemung Period

4,900

1.11

888,000

Catskill Period ......

7,544

1 70

1,360,000

Carboniferous Age.

Lower Carboniferous Period .

7,500

1.70

1,360,000

Upper Carboniferous Period .

14,570

3.28

2,624,000

MESOZOIC TIME.

31,540

7.11

5,688,000

8,200

1.85

1,480,000

Cretaceous Period

5,020

1.26

1,008,000

CJEXOZOIC TIME.

11,735

2.65

2,120,000

Post Tertiary Age.

1,956

.44

352,000

Post Glacial Period ....

978

.22
100.00

176,000

Total Crust

443,073

80,000,000

It is proper to state here that investigations within a few years
past by Dr. G. Frederick Wright, the author of the " Ice Age in
North America," Warren Upham, and other geologists who have
made special study of the phenomena of the Glacial Period, have
satisfactorily determined that all that has happened on the surface
since that period may not have required more than from ten to
fifteen thousand years. When the above table was prepared, much
less was known of glacial action than now.

The Geology of Hingham. 9

A second table is presented, giving a list of the formations ;
the forms of life that appeared in the several periods ; and some
general remarks upon the land surfaces, the climatic conditions,
and the mountain elevations. Periods not recognized in the first
table are presented in this.

Formations.

PYROLITHIC
TIME.

ARCHAEAN
TIME.

Azoic Age.

Eozoic Age.
Laureutian

Period.
Huronian

Period.

PALAEOZOIC
TIME.

ilurian Age.
Primordial
Period.

Canadian
Period.

Trenton
Period.

Note. From lack of definite
knowledge of the particular pe-
riods in which insect forms first
appeared, mention of them is onl_y
made after the close of remarks
upon other life in the several
periods of each Age.

Indications of Marine
Plants and of Protozoa,
the lowest of the forms
of animal life.

General Remarks.

Age of Invertebrates.

Marine only ;

Plants, sea-weeds. Ani-
mals, all invertebrates.
Protozoa, Radiata, Mol-
lusca, and Articulata.
Trilobites in immense
numbers and of mam/
species are found. The
largest of these became
extinct before the close
of this period. Crinoids ■
and Sponges appear.

Marine only :

Plants all sea-weeds.
Animals, invertebrates.
Among Cephalopods Or-
thoceras first appear.

Marine almost entirely.
Some late discoveries of
land plants have been
made in Ohio and Ken-
tucky. Animals all in-
vertebrates.

Physical condition making life im-
possible.

The continent in the Eozoic Age
was limited to a region mostly
within limits of British North
America, but embracing, outside,
the Adirondack region of N. Y.,
a region in Mich, south of Lake
Superior, a long belt, including
the Highlands of N. Y., and the
Blue Ridge of Penn. and Va.,
also areas along the Atlantic
Coast in Nova Scotia, Newfound-
laud, and Eastern Mass.

A long but narrow ridge existed
along the line where afterwards
were raised the Rocky Mountains.
Four-fifths at least of the present
surface of the continent were
under water.

A mild climate certainly prevailed
in the Arctic regions during
these periods, as proved by the
forms of life found in high north-
ern latitudes.

The Appalachian region, embrac-
ing that of the Green Mountains,
was one of shallow waters, whilst
areas of the rocks of Archasan
Time formed islands and reefs.
A barrier was thus partially
formed, which led the interior
continental sea to be compara-
tively quiet, where flourished
crinoids, mollusks, and corals,
the detritus of which made up
the growing limestone. This
period of physical quiet, Dana
remarks, was probably as long
continued as " all the time that
has since elapsed," a remark cal-
culated to impress the mind very
forcibly of its duration.

10

History of Hingham.

Formations.

Niagara Period

Salina Period.

5

«2

Lower Helder-
berg Period.

Oriskany
Period.

Devonian Age.

Corniferous

Period.

Marine only :

Plants, sea-weeds.
Animals, invertebrates.
No evidence yet of fishes
or of fresh-water life.

Almost destitute of fossils.

Fossils of the same generic
character generally as
in preceding periods, the
species distinct.

Trilobites common, but
with them a new Crus-
tacean appears for (lie
first time, the Euryp-
terus remipes, a foot or
more in length.

Plants generally marine.
One species of Lijcopo-
dium (ground pine) has,
however, been found.

No fishes yet noticed in
American beds of this
period, but in Europe
their remains are met
with in the Ludlow
rocks, which are equiv-
alent to the Lower Hel-
derberg and Oriskany of
America, and are the
first vertebrates yet dis-
covered in formations
earlier than the De-
vonian.

Of the Class Arachnida:
articulated animals having
the body generally divided
in two parts, as Scorpions,
Spiders, Ticks, etc., — the
first represented in the
earth's formations were
found in the Upper Silurian.
Three species, all Scorpions.
Of the true Insects, one
specimen has been found in
the Upper Silurian, but the
character of this has not
been clearly made out. It
belongs to one of the orders
of the Hexapoda.

Age of Fishes.

Marine Plants include a

new form, the Spirophy-

ton cauda galli.

General Remarks.

The Niagara Period was one of
subsidence of the land over ex-
tensive regions.

The rocks of the Salina Period
yield salt from brines contained
in them. The subsidence men-
tioned as occurring during the
NiagaraPeriod continued through
this.

The extinction of species during
the progress of the Silurian Age
was great. ] )ana says, " There is
no evidence that a species existed
in the later half of the I'pper
Silurian that was alive in the
later half of the Lower Silurian."

The greater part of the continent
yet remained under water at the
close of the Silurian Age.

There is no evidence that the cli-
mate, even in high latitudes, had
become otherwise than warm and
temperate as in the Lower Si-
lurian Periods.

During the Corniferous Period, a
large part of the continent was
covered with shallow seas, in

The Geology of Bingham.

11

General Remarks.

Hamilton Period.

Chemung Period.

Catskill Period.

Land Plants :

Lycopods, Ferns, and

Conifers.
Corals in great numbers,

Echinoderms, Trilo-

bites.
Fishes, first appearance

of in American rocks:

Sharks, Ganoids, Placo-

derms ; but no osseous

species.

Land Plants : Lycopods,
Ferns, Eqoiseta ; but as
yet no flosses.

The Vertebrates are rep-
resented only by Fishes.

Goniatites, a group of Ce-
phalopods first appear.

Land Plants of like gen-
era as in the preceding
period.

Trilubites, so abundant in
former periods, have be-
come rare.

Remains of life rare. The
plants are similar to
those of the Chemung
Period.

The change in life during
the Devonian Age was
marked by the introduc-
tion of many new forms
and the extinction of
many old ones, as in pre-
vious ages.

which corals of great variety
flourished.
The climate was warm, and proba-
bly so over the Arctic regions.

Articulates of the Myrio-
poda, a class allied to In-
sects, worm-like but having
many segments and nu-
merous feet, first appear in
the Devonian Age.

True Insects, of the class
Herapoda, appear in several
species.

In the Hamilton Period, extensive
forests of Lycopods. some similar
to modern spruces and pines and
others widely different from any
known family, undoubtedly ex-
isted, as shown by the Lepido-
dendra and Sigillaria found in
the strata.

At the close of the Devonian Age
the area of the continent had
much increased, and embraced a
large part of East Canada and
New England, but the greater
part of North America yet re-
mained beneath the waters.
Neither the Rocky Mountains
nor the Appalachians yet existed.
The Green Mountains were low
hills compared with their present
height.

Great" disturbance seems to have
followed the close of the age over
the eastern part of the continen-
tal area leading to elevation of a
great portion of Maine, etc.

The occurrence of Devonian species
in the Arctics shows, as Dana
remarks, that there was but little
diversity of climate between the
regions" now called Temperate
and Arctic Zones.

12

History of Hingham.

Carboniferous
Age.
Sub-Carbonifer-
ous Period.

Carboniferous
Period.

Permian Period.

Sea-weeds similar to tbose

of the Devonian.
Land Plants :

Lycopods, Ferns, Coni-
fers and Calamites.
The animal life was abun-
dant, as shown by the
profusion of the remains
of Crinoids.
Of Radiates : Polyp

Corals.
Of Brachiopods : Spi-

rifer Productus.
Of Cephalopoda : Go-

niatites, Nautilus.
Of Articulates : Trilo-
bites, ( >rthoceratites,
Scorpions, etc.
Of Fishes : as in De-
vonian Age.
Of Amphibians : Foot-
prints.

Immense development of
the coal-forming plants,
the Tree-ferns, the Ly-
copods, Sigillarids, the
Fquiseta, Conifers, and
Cycads. The latter first
appeared in this period.

No Angiosperms, no
Palms, no Mosses yet
discovered.

Plants similar to those of
the Coal Period.

Of animal life, Goniatites,
which first appeared in
the Hamilton Period,
and Trilobites, which
appeared in the Primor-
dial Period, both had
become extinct.

Several genera of the Mol-
lusea, as Productus,
( )rthis,and Murchisonia,
are not found later than
this period.

As might have been ex-
pected from the immense
development of vegetable
life under tropical tempera-
ture, the remains of great
numbers of insects are found
in the deposits of the Car-
boniferous Age, during
which theif first appeared.
Species of the extinct Order
Palseodictyoptera are espe-
cially abundant, embracing

General Remarks.

During the Sub-Carboniferous Pe-
riod a great mediterranean sea, as
previously, covered a large area
of the interior of the continent,
and the temperature being fa-
vorable, there was a great devel-
opment of crinoids, corals, and
the many forms of life now found
in the strata.

Forests and marsh areas were ex-
tensive. The period was one of
subsidence. The condition of the
Arctic regions was yet undoubt-
edly similar to the more southern
portions of the continent, the air
being warm and moist.

This Period, differing from that of
the Sub-Carboniferous, was one
of extensive emergence instead
of subsidence.

As yet the Alleghanies did not ex-
ist, but over their area were great
marshes, where flourished the
coal-making plants of the period.

The beds of the Permian are
marine.

Palaeozoic Time has now come to
an end. Great disturbances fol-
lowed, leading to the elevation
of the Alleghany Mountains and

The Geology of Hingham.

13

Formations.

MESOZOIC TIME
Reptilian Age.
Triassic Period.

Jurassic Period.

Cretaceous Period,

ancient types of cockroach-
es, walking-sticks, May-flies,
etc.

< )ther extinct Orders are
also represented.

Plants :

Cycads and new forms

of Ferns, Equiseta,

Conifers.
No species yet met. ivith

of Grass or Muss.
No Palms.

No Angiosperms, the
class which includes all
our New-England plants
having a bark, excepting
Conifers, as maples, wil-
lows, birches, oaks, etc.
Animals :

Vertebrates in great
numbers and of great
size. Fishes, Reptiles,
perhaps Birds.
First appearance of

Mammals.

Plants :

Similar to those of the
Triassic Period.
Animals :
Gigantic Reptiles, among

them flying lizards.
Marsupial mammals.
First appearance of os-
seous jishes.
Birds.

Plants :

First appearance of the

Angiosperms.
Of the Angiosperms,

oaks, beeches, poplars,

willows, hickories, and

others existed.
First appearance of

Palms.
Animals :

Reptiles were very nu-
merous and of great size,
one genus of which,
Mosasaurus, had species
varying from forty-five
to eighty feet in length,
and having been snake-
like in form, may well
be termed, as by Dana,
sea-serpents of the era.

General Remarks.

In the deposits of the Pe-
riods of the Reptilian Age,
first appear insects of the

to preat changes along the coast
of New England, in New Bruns-
wick, Nova Scotia, and generally
over all the surface east of the
Mississippi.

The forests of this period differed
much from those of the Carbon-
iferous in having neither Sigil-
larids nor Lepidodendrids. Tree-
ferns, Conifers, and Cycads were
the prevailing forms.

There were great disturbances of
the surface during the Triassic
Period, as shown by the vast
ridges of trap rocks which were
forced up through the strata in
a molten condition, and now form
some of the prominent elevations
of tiie eastern part of the conti-
nent, as Mounts Tom and Holy-
oke of Mass., the high hills near
New Haven, Conn., the Palisades
of the Hudson, etc.

The Jurassic Beds of Europe em-
brace those of three epochs, — -
the Liassic, Oolitic, and Weilden.

The first of these have yielded
some of the best preserved and
finest fossils that are to be found
in our collections.

Cretaceous rocks are common over
a considerable portion of Europe,
in the southeastern and southern
parts of the United States, and
in the Rocky Mountains. The
well-known chalk composes great
beds in England, and is found in
France and other parts of Europe.

Great changes of level seem to have
taken place towards the close of
this period, leading to increased
height of the land in' the northern
regions, causing much change in

14

History of Hingham.

Formations.

CJENOZOIC
TIME.
Tertiary Age.
Laramie Pe-
riod (or Lig-
nitieP.).

Note. — This period
is included by some
geologists in the Cre-
taceous of Mesozoic
Time.

Alabama Period
(same as Eocene).

General Remarks.

Orders Orthoptera, Neurop-
tera, Hemiptera, Hymenop-
tera, Coleoptera, JJiptera,
and Lepidoptera.

Plants :

The deposits of this pe-
riod yield great num-
bers of the leaves of
Augiosperms, — species
of oak, poplar, maple,
hickory, fig, magnolia,
and others ; also of Con-
ifers and palms. Nuts
of some species are
common.

Animals :

Freshwater shells and
some manine species.
No mammals. Pishes
and Reptiles have been
found in the Laramie
beds.

Plants :

Trees mostly of the
same genera as those of
the present period.
The infusorial deposits
near Richmond, Va ,
yield a large number of
species of Diatoms.

Animals:

The remains, vertebra;,
and teeth, in great num-
bers, of a large animal
allied to a whale, called
the Zeuglodon Cetoides,
are found in the de-
posits of this period in
the States of Georgia,
South Carolina, Mis-
sissippi, and Alabama.
The animal was at least
seventy feet in length

In beds of this period in the
west are found remains
of species similar to
those of the present, as
the rhinoceros, Mexican
wild boar, horse, mon-
key, and others, among
them the earliest of the
squirrels. Of the birds,
one species from the
Eocene of New Mexico
was larger than the
ostrich.

the climates and a general de-
struction of the life then existing
upon or near the surface in both
hemispheres.

Estuary deposits in Mississippi, in
the region of the Upper Missouri,
in the Rocky Mountain region,
and at Brandon, Vt.

Called the Lignitic Period because
of the prevalence of Lignitic beds
in the deposits.

Great disturbance of the surface in
North America at the close of
this period, that led to the eleva-
tion of mountains in California,
which, increased undoubtedly by
subsequent movements, are now
4,000 feet high.

Further disturbances at the close
of this period, raising the bor-
ders of the Gulf of Mexico, and
probablv elevating above the pre-
vious height the Rocky Mountain
region.

The Geology of Hingham.

15

Formations.

Life.

Yorktowu Period.
(Miocene.)

Sumter Period.
(Pliocene.)

Quaternary Age.
Glacial Period.

Champlain Period.

Animals :

Whales, dolphins, seals,
walruses, bones of ta-
pir-like animals, and of
new species of horses
and of hogs, rhinoce-
roses of several genera,
wolves, lions, beavers,
etc.

Animals :

Of Birds : eagles, cranes,

and cormorants.
Of .Mammals elephants,
camels, rhinoceroses,
deer, tigers, horses,
and the jirst of the
mastodons found in
American deposits.

All the Orders of Insects
the remains of which are
found in the Mesozoic de-
posits are also represented
in the Caenozoic. Great
numbers of species have
been preserved to us in
amber, a fossil gum of the
Tertiary Age.

Entire destruction of life
over the glaciated North
which extended in the
eastern part of the
United States as far
south as Pennsylvania.

Animal life : read under
next period.

The animal life of the two
earlier periods of the
Quaternary Age was of
remarkable character,
especially as shown by
the remains of the Mam-
mals found both in
Europe and America.
These show
species were

that the
of enor-
mous size compared with

General Remarks.

During this period, and culminating
at its close, there is evidence of
great disturbances over a large
portion of the continent. By
great volcanic action, extensive
regions of the Pacific slope were
overflowed by igneous rocks to
the depth of thousands of feet,
and the Rocky Mountains raided
to their present elevation. Their
uprise during the Tertiary Age,
according to Dana, could not
have been less than 11,000 feet.
The height at which the deposits
of the Miocene Period are found
on the southeast and southern
coast, being several hundred feet,
shows the extent of the move-
ments.

The phosphatic beds of South Caro-
'ina are of this period.

A period generally regarded as one
of extreme cold, but there is rea-
son to think the degree of this
has been exaggerated. Ice cov-
ered Eastern North America to
the height of from 2,000 to 6,000
feet.

The period of the passing away of
the ice, and of great floods ; a
period, too, of considerable de-
pression of the surface and of
extensive alluvial deposits.

16

History of Hingham.

Formations.

Recent Period.

those of more ancient
or of more recent times.
In North America,
roaming over the sur-
face, were elephants,
mastodons, horses much
larger than the present,
bison, tapirs, beavers of
huge size, lions, bears,
and others. In South
America, massive sloth
forms, as the megatheri-
um, mylodon, and mega-
lonyx, were numerous,
as were many species of
other genera. In Eng-
land and other countries
of Europe, bears, lions,
hyenas, rhinoceroses,
hippopotamuses, deer,
were common.
Man undoubtedly existed
in this period, and proba-
bly in the early portion,
as his remains and the
implements of his hands
have been found with
the bones of the Cham-
plain animals, as the
mastodon and reindeer
There is evidence of
man having appeared at
a still earlier period, —
possibly in the Tertiary
Age.

The animals of the Cham-
plain Period largely
passed away in the early
part of this, destroyed
undoubtedly by the
colder temperature, and
species of less size took
the places of the huge
forms that preceded
them. Although man,
as previously stated,
was in existence, it was
not until the modern
era of this period that
he attained the domin-
ion over all other races
since possessed by him.

General Remarks.

The deposits of this period are
alluvial beds along rivers, drift-
sands, deposits of rivers in the
ocean, or from the washing and
wearing away of the shores,
coral-reef formations, shell lime-
stone growth in the ocean or
inland waters, bog-iron ore in
marshes, stalactitic and stalag-
mitic formation in caves, deposits
from springs, lavas from volcanic
action, etc.

There was an elevation of the land
in the high latitudes in the early
portion of this period, which re-
stored its height to about the de-
pression of the Champlain. The
temperature of the North, par-
ticularly over Asia and Europe,
became again extremely cold.

The terraces so common around
lakes and along river-courses in
parts of New England owe their
origin to the rise of land after
the Champlain Period, and the
action of waters.

The Geology of Hingham.

17

Explanation of Names of Formations, etc., mentioned in the Tables above.

Pyroliihic. From the Greek, fire-stone.

Arclwan. Ancient; the beginning.

Azoic. Without life.

Eozoic. Dawn of life.

PaUeozoic. Ancient life.

Mesozoic. Middle life.

Ccenozoic. Recent life.

Primordial. First in order.

Silurian. Geographical, first applied to

rocks of Siluria.
Devonian. Geographical, first applied to

rocks of Devonshire.
Carboniferous. Having the great coal

fields.
Cretaceous. Latin, for chalky.
Triassic. Named from a series of three

kinds of rocks.

Jurassic. Geographical, from rocks of
Alt. Jura.

Permian. Geographical, from rocks of
Permia, an ancient kingdom of Russia.

Tertiary. Adopted from old classifica-
tion, when the terms Primary, Second-
ary, and Tertiary embraced ail the rock
formations.

Corniferous. From Latin cornu, horn, and
fero, I bear, the rocks bearing seams of
hornstone.

Quaternary. From Latin qnatuor, four,
applied to strata following Tertiary
(third).

Salina. From its salt-bearing brines ;
salina, in Latin, being a place where
salt is made.

Other names geographical of known localities will not need explanation.

Pyrolithic Time. — As the name denotes, the Pyrolithic for-
mations were igneous only, for the condition of the molten, but
gradually cooling globe admitted of none other. The immense
period required for any approach to stability of the surface must
have witnessed constant changes upon it, and over and over again
must the earlier incrusted portions have been broken up and re-
melted as they became from time to time, through the shrinking
consequent upon refrigeration, submerged in the incandescent
sea. At length when consolidation of the surface had increased,
rocky masses undoubtedly appeared above the general level, but
these were necessarily of a different character from any now
known. They were the truly primitive rocks, and it is very
doubtful if any trace of them can be found on the earth.

Archaean Time. — Previous to the formation of the rocks of.
Archaean Time, the cooling of the globe had proceeded to a de-
gree allowing the existence of water in the atmosphere and its
deposit upon the surface. Of its earlier rocks we can know as
little as of those of Pyrolithic Time, for all now recognized appear
to be the result of the wearing down of pre-existing formations,
the deposit of their debris in the form of sands and clay as sedi-
ments in water, and the subsequent crystallization of much of the
material into gneisses, mica slates, etc. Other rocks of the time
are conglomerates, sandstones, and clay slates.

There is evidence that both vegetable and animal life existed
in this early time, but only in its lowest forms.

Paleozoic Time ; Silurian Age ; Primordial Period. — The
rocks of this period were formed from the wearing away of those
of Archaean Time, and the reconstruction of the material into new
strata. Great interest is felt in these because, so far as clearly
shown, they contain impressions of the remains of the first organ-

VOL. I. — 2

18 History of Hingham.

ized forms of life that have left impressions, the characters of
which can be deciphered. All that can be known of the early
species, therefore, vegetable or animal, must apparently be learned
from what has been, or may yet be discovered in them. The
estimated duration of this period, taking Thomson's basis as
shown, by the table, is nearly 3,000,000 years. The forms of life
preserved by the strata are all of course marine, and consist
largely of impressions of Trilobites, — animals that lived in the
shallow waters of the coasts, upon the muddy and sandy surfaces
below, and finally became entombed in their substance. There
were many species of these animals in these and later formations,
but they all became extinct before the close of the Carboniferous
Period. The fortunate discovery by Prof. Wm. B. Rogers of the
remains of some of these in the slate rocks of Braintree, furnished
proof that a part at least of the slate of the Boston Basin belongs
to the Primordial Period.

We will now pass over the immense time in the history of the
earth, numbering many millions of years, during which other rocks
of the Silurian and of the Devonian Ages were deposited beneath
the sea to the enormous thickness of one hundred thousand feet,
all abounding in forms of life, as scarcely more than a mention
can be made of any period that has not left mementos of its pas-
sage over or about this particular territory.

Carboniferous Age. — Of the Carboniferous Age, it may be said
that notwithstanding the contrary views hitherto held by geologists,
it is yet by no means settled that the Conglomerates and Associated
rocks of Hingham are not formations of this age rather than of
the Primordial Period of the Silurian Age. However this may
be, it is certain that a considerable portion of the rock formations
near and south of Hingham, bordering Rhode Island and extend-
ing into that State, is made up of the deposits of the Carboniferous
Age, embracing not only Conglomerates of like character as those
of the Boston Basin, but also large beds of Anthracite with the
accompanying shales and fossil plants, demonstrating them to be
contemporaneous with those of the great coal-fields of Pennsyl-
vania and other regions of the continent. This fact suggests,
what it is well to bear in mind, that the temperature of the region
we inhabit, as well as that of the whole North, was then very
much warmer than in succeeding ages, sufficiently so to allow
the growth of tropical plants of which coal itself is a product, not
only in the Alleghany and the western coal regions, but in those
of Massachusetts, of Cape Breton, and of the Arctic Circle. It is
certainly a striking fact that upon the surface of this town,
where in after ages rested for thousands of years ice of great
thickness, flourished tree-ferns, and other plants of forms now
found only in the torrid zone ; but there can be no question
that this was the case. The rock formations of the Carbon-
iferous Age measure in thickness about 22,000 feet, and the esti-
mated time for their deposit on Thomson's basis is about 4,000,000

The Geology of II Ingham. 19

years. It was not until after the close of this age that the
Alleghany Mountains were elevated, bearing up with them the
Carboniferous matter which now makes up the great body of the
coal found in their strata.

To the Carboniferous Age succeeded the Triassic, Jurassic, and
the Cretaceous Periods of Mesozoic Time, and the several periods
of the Tertiary Age in Camozoic Time. It was during the Creta-
ceous Period of the former, and the periods of tbe latter that
deposits were made along the eastern and southern shores of
North America, forming strata which by subsequent elevation
now compose a considerable part of the middle coast States, and
nearly the whole of those that border the Gulf of Mexico, and
it was, too, during these periods that a large portion of the strata
now composing the Rocky Mountains were formed beneath the
waters. These mountains did not attain to their present elevation
until near the latter part of the Tertiary Age. The Reptilian and
Tertiary Ages passed without leaving any traces now recognizable
on the territory of Hingham.

We have now reached a period which has received the name of
Glacial, and which calls for particular notice, because nowhere
perhaps can results of the extraordinary phenomena attending it
be more readily seen than in Hingham. The extent of the change
made upon the whole surface of the land north of Pennsylvania
can never be fully realized, and it was probably as great over this
town as over a like area anvwhere. What were the distinguish-
ing characteristics of this period ? We have seen that in a pre-
ceding ao;e, when the coal of the threat coal-fields of the continent

CO? O

was laid down, the climate everywhere north was tropical. We
now find it to have changed to one of great cold, and that this
continued, if we may rely on the estimate made by Thomson,
more than 350,000 years. Life became extinct under its influ-
ence, and over nearly the whole land north of Pennsylvania there
came to be a covering of ice several thousand feet in thickness,
which, governed by the same influences that affect the great
bodies of ice in glacial regions at the present time, moved steadily
and majestically towards the south, throwing off icebergs where
it reached the sea, as is the case with the glaciers of Greenland
now, and gradually melting and thinning out as it approached
warmer latitudes on the land surface.

Through the investigations of the Rev. G. Frederick Wright,
Mr. Warren Upham, and others, we now have certain knowledge
of a great part of the boundary line of the glacial sheet over the
land, from as far west as Illinois to the Atlantic, this being well-
marked by the morainic deposits of the debris brought from
northern regions in and upon the ice, and deposited at its margin.
Want of space will not permit the writer to dwell upon these, but
the reader is assured that their character cannot be mistaken.
The terminal moraine has a very irregular course east from Illi-
nois, passing through the States of Indiana, Ohio, a part of Ken-

20 History of Hingham.

tucky, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, reaching the ocean at Perth
Amboy, where it is lost to sight. It is not difficult, however, to
trace the limit of the ice sheet east from the land. The evidence
by morainic deposits shows its front at one period to have been
over Long Island, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket, from which
it unquestionably extended far out over the ocean in a northeast
direction, the shallowness of the waters at the Great Fishing
Banks being due to the immense deposits from the glacier.

What brought about the great change that converted a large
area of the earth from one teeming with life to one where the
silence of death reigned supreme, we may never certainly know.
If not due entirely to the elevation of the land in the northern
regions of the earth, which occurred in the later Tertiary Age,
there can be no doubt but that this was a potent factor, for the
Glacial Period was one of high latitude elevation ; nor can we
fully account for the great subsecjuent reconversion of the same
area, or much of it, to become again the abode of life after long
ages of desolation. It is only with the results of the action of the
ice upon the surface of the land that we have now to concern our-
selves, and it is absolutely necessary to understand these in order
to have the slightest appreciation of observed phenomena in Hing-
ham as well as elsewhere over the North, consequent upon the
great ice movement during the long period of its domination.
One certainly was the bearing forward of a great part of all the
loose material beneath its mass formed by the disintegration of
the rocks, and redistributing it on the line of its advance south.
Hence, a considerable portion of the rocky masses, bowlders, and
pebbles, as well as of the gravelly and sandy material in which
they are imbedded, now forming the surface upon the hills and
fields of New England, have been borne from the North ; and
whenever such bowlders and pebbles are of marked character,
they can generally be traced to the locality of their formation.
A good instance of this is seen in the bowlders and pebbles of
porphyritic iron ore, found everywhere between Cumberland Hill,
R. I., and the shores of Rhode Island, south, all on the line of
the ice movement, — the masses, as might be expected, being
generally of smaller and smaller size as the distance increases
from their source, where a great bed of this peculiar ore exists
in situ. The quantity of earth-substance moved forward over
the surface must have been enormous, as is shown by the fact
that many of the hills of the glaciated territory are composed en-
tirely of it, and in the southeast of this State, over a large area,
the rocky strata are buried beneath a covering of it to the depth
of three hundred feet. Another result of the movement wras the
wearing down, the planing, so to speak, of the rocky surfaces ex-
posed to the great friction of the detrital material carried forward
under the mass of the superincumbent ice. Whenever bowlders
such as are seen everywhere in our New England soil, or
even large pebbles, were torn off from the places of their origin,

The Geology of H Ingham. 21

and became imbedded in the substance of the glacier below, they
must necessarily have exerted an immense gouging force as they
were borne on ; and consequently we see everywhere upon the
rock-surfaces of New England deep traces of their passage, always
showing the direction of the great glacial movement. These
generally are found to be not far from south, 40° east, in this
region. Many thousands of years have elapsed since these were
traced, but still they are distinctly visible.

The Glacial Period of intense cold, of the wearing away by the
ice of the rocks over which it passed, of the excavation of valleys
by its action, at length came to an end, and was followed by the
Champlain Period. This period was of marked contrast with the
preceding. It was one of great depression of the whole surface
of the North in both hemispheres, and this was probably the cause,
partly at least, of the great increase in the temperature which led
to the melting away of the ice sheet that had for an immense
period covered the earth. Land that now stands at considerable
height was below the level of the sea, as shown by forms of
marine life found at various elevations in northern New England,
where it is evident they lived and died when submerged in the
waters. Contrary to views that have been hitherto presented,
this depression did not affect the surface to any considerable
degree south of Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont. The
occurrence of shells and other marine remains in elevated posi-
tions above the sea, often cited as proofs of depression, at Point
Shirley near Boston, and at Sancati Head, Nantucket, has been
satisfactorily demonstrated to have been the result of the scoop-
ing up from the bottom of the adjacent waters by the ice-sheet
the material forming the Till Hills, in which such remains have
been found. In these hills the shells do not occur, as in Maine
and elsewhere north, in beds, showing the places they occupied in
life, but scattered indiscriminately throughout the mass of ma-
terial, and generally in a fragmentary condition.

The degree of subsidence north, as shown by the heights at
which remains of marine life have been found, increased with the
latitude. On the coast of Maine the highest stated is 217 feet
above the sea ; at Lake Champlain near 400 feet ; on the St.
Lawrence near Montreal, 500 feet ; about the Bay of Fundy, near
400 feet ; on the Labrador coast, from 400 to 500 feet ; and at
places in the Arctic regions, 1,000 feet. These figures are taken
from Dana.

As the glacier melted, great floods poured over and from it,
and the stones, sand, and gravel in it were distributed over the
land. It was a period of deposition of earthy matter from the ice,
and of subsequent redistribution of portions of it by the waters.
The direct deposits as now found are not stratified, or but very
partially so, and are known as diluvium, while those which fol-
lowed, the result of the action of the waters in redistributing the
material, are known as alluvium. It was in this period that

22 History of Hingham.

were formed the terraces so common along the borders of some
of the river valleys of New England, and of the kames, so-called,
of which notice will be presented hereafter.

Following the passing away of the ice-sheet came another great
change over the area which it had so long occupied. The sun's
rays again rested upon and warmed the surface of the land, ren-
dering it a fit abode for the manifold forms of vegetables and
animals that appeared upon its remodelled hills and plains. The
green herb and the fruit-bearing tree sprang up, and adorned the
landscape with beauty. Rivers again teemed with life, birds and
insects hovered in the air, and beasts small and large trod the
earth ; while among these last walked with majestic mien Man,
the crowning glory of all created forms.

The remains of life of this period, and even of the Glacial pre-
ceding it, demonstrate the existence of a great number of species
of enormous size, such as were not found in either earlier or later
eras. Of course, while the ice covered the surface but few forms
could maintain life within its area, but it was otherwise south of
its margin, and when it had passed away huge monsters roamed
over the surface, spreading from more southern regions far to-
wards the Arctic Circle in both hemispheres. In Europe, elephants
of great size, gigantic deer, tigers surpassing the Bengal of the
present day, horses and oxen proportionally large, and many
other beasts occupied the land in vast numbers ; while in America
there were elephants, mastodons, horses, beavers, and sloths,
including the megatherium, the mylodon, and megalonyx, — all of
colossal dimensions compared with the animals of like character
now living. But of far greater importance than all else, Man as
stated, undoubtedly appeared. With feeble frame he came among
races of gigantic stature and strength ; but he came to wield do-
minion over them, and to subdue and conquer by other power
than that hitherto possessed on earth. It is not known precisely
when Man first appeared, but the evidence is strong that it was
in a pre-glacial period, as implements undoubtedly of human con-
struction have been found in transported material from deposits
of an anterior date.

Again, a great change in the surface level of the North, and
increased cold followed in Europe by a second glacial era, which
by its sudden advance carried death to many of the animals that
had found a home far north in the warmer Champlain Period.
This is shown by the carcasses of elephants, and the perfect
preservation of their flesh in Arctic ice. The change must have
been not only sudden, but the cold extremely severe to account
for these encased remains, and for other phenomena, such as the
extension of the range of the reindeer and other Northern species
to southern France where their bones have been found abund-
antly. This, and the advance of ice again over parts of northern
Europe gave the name of Reindeer, or Second Glacial Epoch to the
early part of the Recent Period. There is no conclusive evidence

The Geology of H Ingham. 23

of a second advance of the glacier on the American continent,
though there is abundant proof of great refrigeration in tempera-
ture, which was probably the principal cause of the extinction of
most of the large animals, the elephants, mastodons, horses, and
other species before mentioned, that roamed over the northern
plains.

The modern era of the period, that of the reign of Man, shows
that the same causes that have produced changes of level of the
surface and of temperature are yet active. There is evidence of
the gradual subsidence of Greenland, and that it has been sinking
slowly for centuries, and that a like change has been going on
along a great part of the eastern coast of the United States. On
the other hand it is shown that in other regions there has been a
gradual elevation. The formation of rocks still goes on as in
former times ; the ocean depths receive as in past periods the
remains of siliceous and calcareous shells from the multitudinous
forms that live in its waters ; the coral animals yet build up their
reefs to become part of the strata of the dry land of the future ;
volcanic action continues as of old to add to the surface its lavas,
and vegetable life as in earlier ages of the earth's history, by ac-
cumulation of peat and other plant structure, contributes some-
thing towards future formations.

Having thus by a rather elaborate preliminary essay presented
what the writer has deemed essential to an understanding of the
Geology of Hingham, by those who have not made the earth's
history a study, he proceeds to remark upon the phenomena
observable within the town limits, referring to what is exterior
only as far as may be necessary for a clearer idea of the subject.

24 History of Hingham.

GEOLOGY OF HINGHAM.

The geology of Hingham, particularly that of the northern part
of the town, though interesting, is of too abstruse a character to
be even partially understood except by those who have made the
rock-formations of the vicinity of Boston a study ; and its elucida-
tion will require on the part of the writer much reference to what
is exterior to the limits of the town. That of the greater portion
of its territory inland is more simple, exhibiting Granite as the
prevailing rock, but having some areas of Diorite, and occasion-
ally dikes of Diabase, which cut through the others, and appear
at the surface as black or dark-green rocks traceable often for
considerable distances, having a width sometimes of but few
inches, but frequently of several feet. Petrosilex is also found
associated with the granite, but in very limited exposures.

GRANITE.

This has been mentioned as the prevailing rock of a large por-
tion of the town. It seems necessary to first define what is meant
by the name before referring to its particular exposures on the
surface and its variation in character. Until quite recently geolo-
gists called all such rocks as were composed of quartz, feldspar,
and mica, granite ; using the term " syenite " to distinguish those
which had hornblende in the place of mica. When all four min-
erals were found together, the rock was called hornblendic granite.
The advance of the science of lithology has led to more strict defi-
nition. Now the use of the name u syenite " is restricted to rocks
composed of orthoclase (one of the group of feldspars), or ortho-
clase and hornblende, or orthoclase and mica ; while the essential
constituents of granite, as now defined, are quartz and orthoclase.
If to these mica is added it is called micaceous granite, and if
hornblende, hornblendic granite. Hence the rock of Hingham,
as well as of Quincy, is granite, and not syenite, as it is often
designated.

Over the whole of South Hingham and the greater part of
Hingham Centre, wherever there are exposures of rock above
the surface it is granite, excepting only the material of the dikes
which are frequently found within it, and which will be hereafter

'?c

/

The Geology of Hingham. 25

mentioned. Granite too underlies the whole of the areas named
now covered over by the clays, the sands, and the gravels of the
glacial period. It also extends north to the shore on Weir River,
and to the coast line of the harbor on the eastern shore, where it
is found bordering the channel from near the steamboat landing
to Martin's Well, and showing itself prominent upon the adjacent
uplands. It appears also within the harbor upon the small island
known as Button Island. The rock varies in different localities,
being sometimes found composed entirely of quartz and ortho-
clase,but sometimes with mica added, making it a true micaceous
granite. The color varies generally with that of the orthoclase,
which is often of a reddish hue. Quartz veins are not infrequent
in it, but these rarely furnish crystals ; some, however, of fine
amethvstine tint were obtained a few years since from the rock
of Old Colony Hill.

The granite of Hingham is generally too much fissured to afford
good blocks for building, though there are locations where, if
better situated for cheap transportation of material, stone might
be quarried to advantage. Near Long Bridge Lane a quarry was
opened and worked for several years by Mr. Israel Whitcomb,
and much excellent stone was obtained and made use of for local
requirements.

There are many places where fine red granite is found, but the
color is not often persistent over any considerable area, and the
stone is not sufficiently free from cracks to admit of good blocks
being procured, though possibly these might disappear to some
extent at a small distance from the surface.

The exposures of granite are very numerous. A few that differ
from the rest in general character are here mentioned : —

er

In Laseil .Street, reddish with epidote.

In Central Street, red and flesh-colored from the tint of the orthoclase.

In Union Street, with flesh-colored orthoclase.

In Thayer Street, red, nearly binary.

In French Street, flesh-colored, with mica and hornblende.

In Whiting Street, very fine structure, light-colored and micaceous,

with very numerous joints.
In Summer Street, red, mostly binary.
In Emerald Street, red, mostly binary.
In Beechwood Street, decomposing.
In Thaxter Street, finely porphyritic with red orthoclase crystals.

Specimens of these may be found in the collection of the
Public Library.

DIORITE.

Diorite, as mentioned, is found within the region generally
occupied by the granite rocks, but it nevertheless may be noticed
that in Hingham it is not found far from the sedimentary forma-

26 History of Hingham.

tions, no exposure of it having been observed in all the region
south of Hingham Centre. This rock contains necessarily but
one constituent, a triclinic feldspar, usually oligoclase, but it has
generally associated with it hornblende. Sometimes mica is also
found in it and not infrequently particles of quartz.

In Hingham, when composed of feldspar and hornblende in
nearly equal proportions and when the grains of each are clearly
perceptible, it appears not unlike granite, but having no quartz as
a general constituent it may be readily distinguished. In limited
areas it is found almost entirely of feldspar, when it presents
itself simply as an impure white rock, its character being conse-
quently more obscure.

One of the best exposures on a highway of the town of typical
diorite occurs in Summer Street, on the right side going south
from the railroad crossing, and within 100 feet of Kilby Street.
It juts into the road from the adjoining field, and presents itself
with a smooth, rounded face about twelve feet across, on which the
two minerals, feldspar and hornblende, are well defined and plainly
visible. Two other exposures may be seen between the one men-
tioned and Kilby Street, and in the field back from the road are
several ridges of it.

Another interesting exposure of diorite on a highway is to be
found on the surface at the top of Fort Hill, just front of the
cemetery. Here it is cut through by numerous narrow veins of
a whitish granite, which by distortion and separation of parts
afford an interesting studv for the observer. The rock of this
locality should not be disturbed, as there is no other known
instance in town where granite can be seen so clearly to have
been intruded in veins into the diorite. The exposure here, too,
is interesting from the glacial striae which may be plainly seen
upon its surface.

Diorite occurs abundantly on East, Kilby, Weir, and Hull
streets.

Going northeast from Horticultural Hall on East Street, some
rocky elevations appear on the left side of the road which are
known as Andrew Heights. The rocks of the slope facing the
street are diorite, with the exception of an intervening portion
of granite. This last rock also appears on the land opposite the
diorite back from the road. Beyond the heights mentioned, all,
or nearly all, the rocks of the street and of land contiguous are
diorite until Kilby Street is passed.

Intermediate between Andrew Heights and Kilby Street, by a
reduction of the level of the road over an elevation, and the neces-
sary excavation of rock, there is left exposed on the left side a
cliff of considerable interest. The main body is a dark diorite,
but there may be seen by close examination a distorted dike of
felsite eight or ten inches in width, and a mass of diabase trap,
both of which have been intruded into it. The trap contains an

The Geology of Hlngham. 27

unusual quantity of sulphide of iron in crystals, as may be seen
in specimens from this locality deposited in the general collection
of the Public Library.

The diorite of the area of this rock under consideration does
not follow on East Street beyond Kilby, as its trend which is
northeast and southwest, leads to its development along the latter
street which has the same direction, and where it is found show-
ing itself on the road and adjoining lands at various points for
more than half a mile. At the junction of East and Kilby streets
it follows the curve from the former to the latter directly in the
roadway. Passing northeast on Kilby, it may be observed in lim-
ited exposures on the left of the road until the crossing of the rail-
road is reached, where there is a lateral extension of it 300 feet
west on the line of the rails, and 150 feet east. About 500 feet
from the crossing it again appears on the left side of the street,
followed at a short distance by granite. On the right side of the
road at 940 feet from the railroad may be seen a rock exposure
presenting a face towards the street of about thirty feet, the first
portion of which for twenty feet is diorite, the rest being granite.
Proceeding; 420 feet more along the road there will be seen ledires
on the left side back from the street which extend for a further
distance of about 270 feet. These are all diorite. After passing
these 130 feet, there may be observed on the right of the road, and
just beyond the fence which borders it, a face of rock about twenty
feet in width, the first portion of which, about one third, is granite,
and the rest diorite. The two rocks are separated by a diagonal
line having a declination of 45° N. E., thus showing the latter rock
as resting somewhat upon the former. Just beyond this exposure
granite follows for a distance of about 70 feet. There are no fur-
ther exposures of diorite on the road towards Rockland Street, the
few outcrops of rock observed there being all granite.

Another area of diorite exists near the eastern border of the
town towards Cohasset, showing itself extensively on Weir, East,
Side Hill, and Hull streets.

On Weir Street going from East Street, there is scarcely any
other rock observable for at least one third of a mile. Beyond
this, it alternates more or less with granite for about one eighth
of a mile, when it gives place entirely to the latter. On the east
side of the street, 2,310 feet from East Street, there is an exposure
of rock presenting a face to the carriage-way, showing a singular
mixture of both diorite and granite.

This will be again and more particularly referred to in remarks
to follow upon " mixed rocks," — a name given by Professor Crosby
in treating of a like association observed by him at Marblehead
and Salem.

As a general fact, it may be stated here that the diorite of Weir
Street is not so clearly typical as that of East and Kilby streets
before described. A preponderance of the feldspar and partial
decomposition, gives it in some cases a dirty white exterior.

28 History of Hingham.

On East Street, passing from Side Hill Street towards Cohasset,
may be found in the fields adjoining the right side of the road
and back from it many extensive ridges of rock. Short of 200
feet a small exposure of granite occurs just within the fence-wall,
and a little further on, say twenty or thirty feet, is one of diorite.
Back of these about sixty feet is another of diorite. Following the
road 310 feet from these, rock appears in patches over the sur-
face for eighty feet, extending some distance back from the fence,
which is likewise diorite. Passing beyond these exposures 140
feet, fields of rocks are reached occupying a great part of the sur-
face for at least 700 feet. Some of them are diorite, some granite,
while others among them, presenting surfaces of both diorite and
granite, are apparently of the singular combination mentioned as
mixed rocks. It would, however, be necessary to blast them in
order to verify this.

On the left side of the road there are but few exposures, and
these are of the same general character as those mentioned.

On Side Hill Street, and in fields adjoining, diorite appears
abundantly. At a distance of 310 feet from East Street, a small
exposure may be found on the right side of the roadway, and fifty
feet beyond this another just within the border fence. Proceeding
300 feet further there is within view on the fields at the right many
ridges and smaller rock masses extending over an area of two or
three acres, all or nearly all of which are of the same rock. On
the left of the road, 620 feet from East Street, a long ledge of rocks
skirts the carriage-way, which extends 280 feet. For the first few
feet it is diorite, the rest of it is granite. Granite is also the pre-
vailing rock on the high ground of the adjoining field.

When entering Hull Street from East Street, diorite appears on
the right side, close to the junction of the two streets, both on the
border of the roadway, and within the enclosure of the adjoining
estate. Proceeding on Hull across the railroad, a high cliff of
rock is seen back from the street. 200 feet or more in length, which
exhibits upon some portions surfaces of diorite, upon others granite,
— showing it to be probably of the mixed character mentioned in
previous cases and to be described hereafter. This is succeeded
by granite, and there is no more exposure of diorite on or near the
street until about 2,060 feet from the railroad, where a ridge of it
appears on the field at the left, not far from 200 feet from the
fence ; and 300 feet farther some may be seen on both sides of the
road. The rock exposures beyond these are all granite, until after
passing Canterbury Street between three and four hundred feet,
when there may be seen ridges on the fields skirting the left side
of the road and extending for a quarter of a mile or more, which
are likewise of the mixed diorite and granite. The rocks of the
last 300 to 400 feet of the street within the town limits are all
granite.

All the exposures of diorite within the territory of the town that
may be observed in passing along the streets and lanes have been

The Geology of Hingham. 29

mentioned, except a limited one on Central Street, between four
and five hundred feet from Elm Street, in a field adjoining the
west side of the road, and two others of small area on a field at
the corner of Central and Elm streets. Away from usual travel
between Fort Hill Street and Weymouth River the rock appears
in numerous exposures. Reference to the map will give their
location.

MIXED ROCKS.

The rocks so-called by Professor Crosby, though simply com-
posed of a mixture of the two kinds already described, are of such
peculiar combination as to seem worthy of notice under a separate
heading. There is no appearance among them, as far as observed,
of anything like a dike of either penetrating the other. There is
found simply a mixture of masses of every size and shape, each
single mass being clearly distinctive as granite or diorite, the ele-
ments of one in no case coalescing generally with the other. The
locations of these rocks have been mentioned in the remarks upon
the diorite.

There seems no way of accounting for such mixture except by
supposing that at the time of their eruption the rocks existed sep-
arately beneath the surface in two contiguous zones, both being in
a plastic condition, and that when forced to the surface they were
made to intermix so as to present themselves as now found.

PETROSILEX.

The rocks of Hingham hitherto known as porphyry, compact
feldspar, and felsite, the writer classes under the name of petrosi-
lex, as with but one or two exceptions to be mentioned, all belong
to that division of such rocks as contain over 63 or 64 per cent of
silica, and which Phillips and others have designated as petrosilex,
retaining the name felsite for those of a more basic character, and
having a plagioclase feldspar instead of orthoclase as a constituent.

The name " porphyry " is no longer in use as a substantive by
geologists. It was applied by the ancients to rocks generally ho-
mogeneous, but which contained crystals, commonly feldspar ; and
this use continued to modern times. As, however, the rocks so-
called differed widely in composition, and it became necessary in
the progress of science to define their character more particularly,
the name became obsolete. The word " porphyritic," however,
remains in common use as an adjective expressing the texture of
rocks of a homogeneous base, having crystals disseminated through-
out their mass. Thus petrosilex with enclosed crystals is called
porphyritic petrosilex, and diabase, the rock of trap dikes with
enclosed crystals, is called porphyritic djabase or porphyritic trap.

The writer, in communications to the Boston Society of Natural

30 History of Hingham.

History and otherwise, has expressed the opinion that much of
the pctrosilcx of the Boston Basin, and particularly the red rock
of Hingham, was derived from conglomerate. This view is not
held by others, whose opinions are entitled to respect ; but this has
not shaken confidence in his own. There is petrosilex, however,
in Hingham of quite a different character, but which he claims
has another origin. Mention of that will follow some further
remarks upon the red variety.

Prof. Edward Hitchcock, in his great report upon the " Geology
of Massachusetts," mentions under the head of Porphyry the red
rock now under consideration, as occurring in Hingham in ridges
a little north of the village. Undoubtedly this accurate observer
found such ridges, though but one small exposure can now be
found above. the surface. This is near the junction of Crow-Point
Lane and Downer Avenue. Masses of this beautiful /ock may be
seen in the stone walls of Lincoln Street near Thaxter, and sug-
gest to the mind that in widening this street for the greater con-
venience of travel the ridges noticed were dcstroved.

The rock is called above beautiful. Professor Crosby speaks of
it as the most beautiful of any in Massachusetts, and it undoubt-
edly is so. The color is a bright red, with interspersed spots of
lighter or darker hue. The variation was caused apparently in
some cases from the enclosure of pebbles, which, with the general
mass, became more or less fluent. The pebbly structure can be
better seen on weathered surfaces than on those caused by recent
fracture.

The other variety of petrosilex referred to above, differs essen-
tially from the red, being of different color, rather more glassy in
lustre, entirely homogeneous, and presenting no appearance indi-
cating enclosed pebbles. Of the origin of this variety there can
be no question. It has the chemical constitution of granite, oc-
curs associated with it, and is undoubtedly the same with granite,
excepting that its mineral constituents are not crystallized, the
rock being too rapidly cooled to admit of crystallization. This
variety is always in Hingham associated with the granite. It may
be found with the granite that forms the cliffs of Peck's Pasture,
bordering the Home Meadows, and also on Lincoln Street, in the
rear of the first house next north of the Unitarian Church which
faces Fountain Square. Specimens from these and other localities
are in the collection of the Public Library, where may also be seen
those of the red variety.

PORPHYRITE.

The name Porphyrite has been given to basic rocks differing
but little in composition from Diorite and Diabase. Like them
they are composed of a triclinic feldspar with hornblende or
augite, but they are not, like them, crystalline granular. They

The Geology of Hingham, 31

contain from 56 to 58 per cent of silica. Rocks of this character,
of various shades of color, are found at Nantasket, but only one
exposure has been noticed in Hingham. This is on the shore of
the marsh land that borders Weir River, quite near Rocky Neck.
At this place it is of a dark-brown color, similar to that of the
brown sandstone commonly used in structures of Boston and
New York. It is a heavy, tough rock, and undoubtedly owes its
origin to volcanic action, being, like melaphyr, an ancient lava.

DIABASE.

Diabase, like Diorite, is composed partly of a triclinic Feldspar,
generally Labradorite, but differs from it otherwise in having
Augite associated with it instead of Hornblende. Not unfre-
quently Mica is found in its composition, and often Pyrite, though
these are not essential ingredients. This rock is generally known
as Trap, and the dikes which it forms in all parts of the town are
called Trap Dikes. The rock as exposed at the surface exhibits
more or less the results of decomposition, becoming of a dull
green color, from the change of the Augite to Viridite. It has a
much higher specific gravity than granite, and is exceedingly
tough. The bluish, close-grained masses often found in the soil
and called Blue Rocks are of this kind.

Diabase forms dikes alike in the granitic rocks of the town,
and in those of the Slates and Conglomerates to be hereafter
mentioned.

DIKES.

Having now noticed all the rocks of the Crystalline series found
in Hingham, — Granite, Diorite, Petrosilex, and Diabase,- — and
as each of them is found in dikes within the Boston Basin, two of
them at least in Hingham, it seems fitting to present here some
special remarks upon the form of structure known under that
name, and to give an account of localities where they may be
observed.

Dikes are igneous, unstratificd rocks, which occupy fissures in
the formations, and which have been forced up from beneath the
surface of the earth in a liquid or semi-liquid state, into the
superincumbent rocks.

This molten material undoubtedly at first spread itself, as does
the modern lava of volcanoes, over considerable areas after reach-
ing the surface. As seen in Hingham, the rock of the dikes is
usually found only within the walls of the fissure that gave it pas-
sage, the decomposition and washing away of the hundreds of feet
of solid matter that once formed the surface having generally left
for our view only what is now seen within narrow limits. Often,
in forcing a passage through the invaded rock, masses of the latter

32 History of Hingham.

were torn off and enclosed in the molten matter, and it is not
therefore uncommon to find in Hingham instances of the enclos-
ure of granite within the darker trap rock of the dike.

The name Trap has heen generally used to designate the dark-
green or black rock forming dikes ; but as it is now recognized
that different rocks of like appearance constitute the invading ma-
terial, it is necessary to be more definite in scientific description.
The dikes of Hingham as far as examined, with two or three ex-
ceptions only, are all of Diabase.

In narrow dikes the rock has a homogeneous structure, as the
sudden cooling prevented a crystallization of its mineral constitu-
ents, but in those of any considerable width where the material
cooled more slowly, it is often porphyritic towards the central
portion, crystals especially of feldspar being disseminated. Upon
the invaded rock the action caused by the introduction of the
molten matter is generally more or less perceptible by a change
in its structure near the junction of the two rocks, and frequently
by the production of minerals along their margins. In Hing-
ham, Epidote is not uncommonly found as the result of this action.
Mention will now be made of some of the dikes which have come
under the observation of the writer.

Meeting-House Hill, Main Street, South Hingham. — There
is a dike in the granite of this elevation but a few steps north
from the church which may be seen on the surface of the rock
and traced sixiy to seventy feet to the margin of the carriage
road. It is from five to six feet in width, and runs in a northwest
and southeast direction. Generations of men have come to the
temple here to worship, wholly unconscious that their footsteps
were over a record of events that took place millions of years
before man breathed the breath of life.

Leavitt Street and Jones Street. — Between these two roads
on land of Mr. James Jones is a rocky hillock of granite about
equidistant from both, in which may be found three trap dikes
not far apart, one of which has the considerable width of ten
feet. To readily find these, proceed from the bridge that crosses
Weir River 700 feet in a southeasterly direction on Leavitt
Street, which will bring one to Mr. Alanson Crosby's house on
the left side. By passing to the rear of the house about 300
feet from the road, the rocks will be reached with their en-
closed dikes. The most northerly of the three is about two and
a half feet in width, the second, eighteen feet from the first,
is ten feet wide and exposed for a distance of seventy-five feet.
These two show well on the face of the granite cliff which en-
closes them. The third, forty feet from the last-mentioned, is
from three to four feet wide. This will not be readily perceived
without close examination, as it is only on a comparatively level
spot and obscured somewhat by surface soil. The direction of
these dikes is east and west. Two hundred and fifty feet, more or

TJie Geology of H Ingham. 33

less, east of these dike exposures occur considerable bodies of trap,
but the connection with them is not perceptible.

On Leavitt Street, about a mile and a half from Leavitt's Bridge
going east, and less than a quarter of a mile before reaching the
town line, a trap dike crosses the road diagonally. It appears
first on the right side for a few feet, and the exposure on the left
is seventy-five feet from where the first is lost to view. In neither
place does it show above the surface more than a few feet, nor can
it be traced beyond the two exposures. Its width is about six feet,
and it is porphyritic. Its direction is east and west.

Lasell Street. ■ — Considerable elevations of granite skirt Lasell
Street on the left side, some of which approach and border the high-
way. After passing Free Street 740 feet, one of these is reached,
which presents a bold front, having a very interesting dike of about
six feet in width. Lichens obscure this somewhat, on the face of
the rock as seen from the street, and one needs to climb to the
upper surface to study it to advantage. Here it is found extending
itself a considerable distance east, showing, away from its margins,
a porphyritic character, the crystals of feldspar being quite distinct.
Fifty feet south of this is another dike, parallel with the first, but
having a width of only thirty-two inches. This does not exhibit
crystals of feldspar so perceptibly, its cooling having been too
rapid for their favorable development. This dike cannot be seen
from the street, as the front face of the rock has retreated from
its border. The two dikes have both an east and west direction
by compass, as have nearly all that are found in the granite not
approximate to the rocks of the sedimentary series.

Long Bridge Lane. — At the granite quarry of Mr. Israel
Whitcomb, about a quarter of a mile from Union Street, may be
seen two dikes east and west by compass, one about a foot wide,
the other twenty-two inches. They are not far from thirty feet
apart.

Friend Street. — On the right-hand side of this street, pro-
ceeding from Main, and not far from the latter, may be seen two
dikes cutting through the granite of the roadway, both having a
general direction of east and west, and both of which may be
traced for considerable distances. The first is found 330 feet
from Main Street, and varies from four to six feet in width. This
may be observed in the adjoining field, 80 to 100 feet east from
the road, and has been traced west across meadow land in differ-
ent ledges, nearly 1,000 feet. The second one is about forty feet
beyond the first-mentioned, and has a width of about two feet. It
appears on both sides of the carriage way in the bordering ledge
through which the street was cut, but is not so readily seen on the
left as on the right without close observation. This has been
traced 120 feet or more.

Union Street. — There is a dike on this street, 360 feet from
Lasell Street going east, which may be seen in a ridge of granite

VOL. I. 3

34

History of Hingham.

which extends along the left side of the road for a distance of
about 120 feet. It varies in width from fifteen inches to nearly
two feet, and is much distorted. The general direction is, how-
ever, east and west. It may be traced nearly the whole length of
the ridge.

About 2,000 feet beyond this, going from Lasell Street, another
dike occurs which crosses the street diagonally. It may be seen
on both sides of the roadway in the granite, and may be traced
into the adjoining field on the left seventy-five feet or more from
the fence. Its width is about three and a half feet; its direction
east and west. See Figure No. 1. The crosses (x x) represent
exposures of the granite.

I

/

45 ft. from Me

X

XX

X

XXX

X X

6 ft. between

20 ft between

A*»X X X

STREET

Dike about 3% ft. wide.
Traceable about /OO feet.

Figure jSTo. 1.

Old Colony Hill. — Proceeding from the harbor on Summer
Street towards and up the slope of Old Colony Hill, there may be
seen on the right side just above the surface a small exposure of
trap, being part of a dike which passing east is lost to sight by
the covering earth, but which again appears just in front of Mr.
Bouve's stone wall, near the corner of Rockland Street. Here it
presents a flat face upon which may be observed numerous glacial
stride. The distance on the street is about 250 feet. From here
the dike is lost to view for 130 feet, but may be found in an east-
southeast direction upon the adjoining field, where it continues
above ground 85 feet. It then again sinks below the surface, but
reappears 190 feet further on in the same direction, and there
shows an exposure of about 160 feet before finally disappearing.
The whole length as thus presented is 815 feet. The width of
the trap as it appears above the soil varies from five to twelve
feet.

Hull Street. — Two trap dikes, one three feet wide, the other
over four feet, were observed on this street. Their direction was
found to be east and west, but irregular.

The Geology of H Ingham

35

Weir River. — In the granite rocks of the east side of Weir
River, north of Rockland Street, may be seen several dikes. One
may be found a few hundred feet below the Riverside House, ex-
tending from the river bank in an east-southeast direction, having
a width of six feet. There are two others not far distant having
the same general direction, each about two feet wide. Still
another was noticed of less width than either mentioned, having
pieces of granite, through which it had cut, enclosed.

Beach near Summer Street. — On the beach east of Hersey's
wharf, near the steamboat landing and about ninety yards from it,
may be seen a trap dike running east and west, having a width of
nine feet. This dike has veins of epidotc.

About twenty-eight yards beyond this there is another east and
west dike of the same character, which is somewhat irregular and
intermixed with granite, but showing, where distinct, a width of
two feet.

Fifty yards farther a dike is reached which crosses the beach
in the granite, and which is particularly interesting, because it
shows within its body a continuous mass of granite which was
torn from the walls of that rock and enclosed in the igneous ma-
terial, when this was irrupted from beneath in a molten condi-
tion. See Figure No. 2.

Figure No. 2.

One hundred and twenty-five feet farther east a small cove,
called Mansfield's Cove, is reached, where may be seen just at its

36 History of Hingham.

entrance a dike six feet in width, of porphyritic texture and par-
tially decomposed, its direction being, like the others, east and
west.

The cove is about ninety feet deep, and is bordered on its south-
erly side by granite, having here and there more or less mixture
of trap. Some Melaphyr is also seen in juxtaposition with the
granite, and this rock also appears on the adjoining land near,
but to a limited extent.

Martin's Lane. — On the right of Martin's Lane and just
beyond its termination, a dike may be observed within granite
walls, having an east and west direction and traceable 100 feet.
Its width is about six feet.

JOINTS.

Joint structure properly finds place here, as all the rocks of the
town exhibit it, and none more than the granites.

Probably there can be found no reader of these pages resident
in Hingham who has not observed lines of fracture both in the
granitic and the sedimentary rocks of the town, as his eyes have
rested upon its numerous ledges. To explain these it will be well
to give some account of different kinds of joints that occur in
rocks, as they vary in character, have an entirely different origin,
and give rise to varied structure.

The first to occupy attention, then, are such as arise from the
contraction by cooling, as in the case of igneous rocks, or by desic-
cation, as in the case of sedimentary strata. This contraction
results in cracks never parallel or intersecting, and are generally
short and not continuous. In some igneous rocks the contraction
tends to the formation of polygonal columns, which the joints then
surround and embrace. The best exemplification of this structure
is seen in the Basalt of the Giants' Causeway in Ireland, where
this structure presents the whole rock mass in beautiful prismatic
columns, each column separated into blocks having concave and
convex surfaces. They vary in dimension and are somewhat
irregular, but have been regarded by some as resulting from im-
perfect crystallization. There is, however, nothing of crystalliza-
tion in their formation, this being without doubt entirely due to
contractive action. Professor Crosby has mentioned a case where
the columnar structure was observed by him in the felsite of
Needham, but no instances of the kind have been noticed in the
rocks of Hinscham.

The joints next to be mentioned are such as have now re-
ceived the name of Joints of Expansion. Almost all rocky
masses have, in addition to those of other character, joints, or
seams as they are often called, that arc approximately horizontal,
or nearly parallel with the surface of the ground. They may be
observed in any quarry. They divide the rock into layers, and

The Geology of H Ingham. 37

thus enable the workmen to get out blocks much more easily than
would be otherwise possible. The origin of this kind of jointing,
as first suggested by Professor Shaler, is now generally admitted
by geologists to be due to the effect of the sun's rays upon the
surface, leading to a permeation of more or less heat to a con-
siderable depth, with consequent expansion, and finally to a sepa-
ration of the rock into layers.

The last kind of joints to which attention is called, and the
origin of which has been by far the most difficult to explain, are
those which are most readily observed upon all the exposed rocks
of this town. They may be seen in parallel lines upon their sur-
faces, sometimes extending for considerable distances, and often
intersected by other lines which are also parallel with each other.
These joints are approximately vertical and vary much in direc-
tion, which, in view of their probable origin, is an important
matter of consideration.

Examination of the direction in many localities shows as
follows : —

North and south.

North by west and south by east.

North-northwest and south-southeast.

Northwest and southeast.

North-northeast and south-southwest.

Northeast and southwest.

East and west.

East-northeast and west-southwest.

East-southeast and west-northwest.

Others are found varying in direction from all these, but they
are not so noticeable.

One of the best localities to observe this joint structure on an
extensive scale, although not in this town, will be mentioned here,
because it is within a short distance from its boundary and easily-
observed. It is on Beach Street in Cohasset, very near Sandy
Cove, where a large area of rock surface extends from the road-
side west on an upward slope, covering a space of several hundred
feet. The joints on this surface are particularly well-defined.

The parallel lines under consideration may be observed on
almost every exposure of rock, sometimes several feet apart but
in other cases only a few inches. At one granite locality on
Whiting Street they occur so near each other in some instances
as to enable one to pry off pieces not over half an inch thick,
specimens of which may be seen in the collection of the Public
Library, made to illustrate the geology of the town.

It has always been a source of great astonishment alike to
students and casual observers, to find that in the severance of the
conglomerate rocks the parts are often found divided as smoothly
as if a knife had cut them asunder, and that the very pebbles
contained in it are divided with the rest of the mass, instead of

38 History of H Ingham.

being left intact upon one of the sides of the joint, as would have
been judged likely, whatever the force that rent the rock apart.

When two series of the joints under consideration are observa-
ble upon any rock surface, those of one series running in a cer-
tain direction will be found often to be intersected by those of the
other, the result being to separate the rock more or less vertically
in rectangular or rhomboidal divisions, and when, as is often the
case in slates, there are also joints of expansion, cleavage planes,
or planes of stratification, which are more or less transverse to the
two mentioned, the rock will break into rectangular or rhomboidal
blocks.

Such may be obtained at Huit's Cove or more readily at Slate
Island just outside the town limits. Fine specimens may be seen
in the town collection of rocks from the former locality.

It remains now to state the probable origin of the vertical in-
tersecting joints. Much study has been given to the subject by
several o-eolos;ists. To Professor W. 0. Crosbv is certainly due
the credit of susro-estini:; and ablv advocating a theory that seems
to the writer after much consideration, conclusive. The theory
is that eartbquake action caused the phenomena. Space will not
here allow further remarks, but the reader who wishes to learn
more of it, is referred to the Proceedings of the Boston Society of
Natural History, vols. xxii. and xxiii.

THE BOSTON BASIN.

The border line of the granitic and dioritic rocks of the town,
whether near or far from the coast and however irregular its
course, may be regarded approximately as part of the border of a
great area which is known by geologists as the Boston Basin, and
which embraces a portion of the towns of Cohassct, Hull, Hing-
ham, Weymouth, Quincy, Milton, Hyde Park, Needham, Newton,
Brookline, Somerville, Cambridge, Watertown, Maiden, Medford,
Everett, and the city of Boston, with its harbor east to the outer
islands, and possibly a considerable distance beyond, the diameter
east-west being not far from twenty-five miles, and having a north-
south diameter averaging about twelve miles.

It is absolutely necessary to know much of the history of the
formations of the Boston Basin in order to appreciate what may
be said of that portion embraced within the limits of Hingham.
There has been much discussion carried on over a long period
respecting the age and the sequence of its formations. Recent
investigations in all parts of it by Professor Crosby have thrown
much light upon the subject, changing materially his own views
and those of others, who have been informed of his important
observations.

One result of his work has been to establish the fact, that in-
stead of there beino: but one formation of slate, as advocated by
himself, there is shown clearly to be two, as claimed by other oh-

The Geology of H Ingham. 39

servers; and another is to demonstrate that instead of the sedi-
mentary rocks of the basin being of one period, the Primordial,
a large portion of them are the deposits of a later age.

Before going further the reader should recognize that in a very
early period, probably in Archaean Time, there came to exist over
the area of what is now known as the Boston Basin, a groat de-
pression of the whole surface, probably largely due to subterra-
nean igneous action, aided perhaps by long continued erosion by
the sea. The certainty that in subsequent ages, through perhaps
millions of years, the whole area became as it were a great crater,
with violent volcanic action at many periods and in many parts
of it, during which vast flows of lava were poured into it, form-
ing a considerable portion of its rocks, makes it probable that
subterranean action was the chief cause.

Appreciating highly the value of the recent investigations of
Professor Crosby referred to above, and agreeing with him gen-
erally in his conclusions, the writer believes that he can do no
better than to follow him in presenting a summary of the prin-
cipal events in the history of the formations within the basin
before giving a detailed statement of the sedimentary and asso-
ciated rocks of Hingham.

The formation recognized as the oldest in the basin is that of
the primordial slates and accompanying Quartzite, known to be
of primordial age by the discovery in the slates of Trilobites of
that age. These slates occur at Braintree, where only such fos-
sils have been found, at Weymouth near by, and in numerous
places in the northern portion of the basin. As stated by Pro-
fessor Crosby, they probably underlie a large part of the basin
covered by the rocks of a later age.

Subsequent to the deposition of the primordial strata a period
of violent volcanic action followed, during which were torn asun-
der the slates and the quartzite, and vast floods of basic lava, now
known as Diorite, were poured in among them and over their
surfaces. Following this, there appears to have come a long
period of repose and erosion, which was terminated by another
of prolonged violent igneous action, bringing to the surface and
spreading over it the acid lavas which formed the granite and
the pctrosilex. As the diorite is found intrusive in the primor-
dial strata, and the granite and petrosilex are alike intrusive
in the diorite and the primordial strata, it is clear that the latter
are the oldest of these, and that the granite and pctrosilex are
the most recent. If the granites and allied rocks of eastern
Massachusetts are, as has been taught by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt
and other geologists, Archaean, it may possibly be that these un-
derlying the primordial and subjected to intense igneous action,
became locally fluent, and thus were injected into and over the
superincumbent strata. While, therefore, all thus injected and
reformed above the primordinl may be regarded as more recent,
it may not be true of those outside the basin. There is much,

40 History of Hingham.

however, that can be said in favor of the view that all the gran-
ites and other rocks of the region, hitherto considered Archa3an,
are more recent than the Primordial, including even those of the
well-known Quincy Hills. Indeed, the evidence that this is the
case is well-nigh conclusive. Certainly there can be no question
but that considerable areas of the granite were fluent and erup-
tive after the primordial slates were formed. A very valuable
and instructive article was published in the Proceedings of the
Boston Society of Natural History in 1881, by Professor M. E.
Wadsworth, on the relation of the Quincy granite to the primor-
dial argillite of Braintrec, in which he demonstrated that in dif-
ferent localities the granite was eruptive through the slates, as
shown by the close welding of both rocks, and by the effect of
the contact in altering the character of both near the line of
junction.

After the events narrated, the area of the basin became one of
slow subsidence that must have continued through a vast period
of time, as during its ages the oreat bodv of the rocks that form
the conglomerate series was formed, — the conglomerates and sand-
stones near the margins of the coasts, and the slates, the material
of which was deposited by the rivers, in the deeper portions. As
subsidence continued, the sea encroached more and more upon its
shores, the margins of the land became more remote, and the
great body of the slate was gradually laid down in the deep
waters to a thickness of more than a thousand feet.

Before proceeding further in the history of the basin, the writer
will express views long held by him relative to the origin of the
pebbles that made up the great body of the conglomerate in-
cluding the sandstone, which is only rock of the same character
formed of finer material, and of the slates.

Of the conglomerate it may be said that the formation of this
rock wherever found has generally been regarded as mainly due
to the action of water, and its existence in the Boston Basin has
been ascribed to the force of the waves beating for countless gen-
erations against, and making an inroad upon, the coast, resulting
in the wearing down of the rocks, and the formation by attrition
of the bowlders and pebbles which subsequently were cemented
into compact strata. This view the writer does not concur in, as
he judges it impossible that in any number of ages the action of
the waves alone on the area of the basin could have led to the
production of such a body of bowlders and pebbles as make up
the conglomerate. He believes there was a far more potent cause
for their origin silently at work moulding them into form long
anterior to their submergence in the surging waters. This cause
is to be found in the highly corrosive character of the atmosphere
in the early ages of the earth's history, by which the hills, origi-
nally of course but rock elevations, became under its action rap-
idly disintegrated. Such elevations of early periods in southern
regions yet exist as monuments of this corrosive action, for the

The Geology of Hingham. 41

decayed material remains upon them, showing, though but par-
tially, the extent of the corrosion, much of the substance having
been washed oil' the surface by the denuding action of rains.

There is certainly no reason to suppose the general condition
of the surface of the land prior to the glacial period was different
over the area of the early formations of New England from what
prevailed over formations of a like age south of glacial action.

We may therefore picture to ourselves, with good reason, the
country everywhere in the neighborhood of Boston covered with
hills of considerable altitude, composed of the decayed material
of the rocky formations, and having disseminated through it
bowlders and pebbles of every size, that had not yet yielded to
the decomposing influence. It is well known that corrosive
action tends to produce such forms, though of course it is not
questioned but that subsequent action of water and attrition had
much influence in working a large portion of the pebbles found
in the conglomerate into the shapes which they now present.

The subsidence of the area of the basin after the primordial
period mentioned, extending the water surface to the base of hills
filled with the material for the conglomerate, the igneous action
that followed and was active at times during the formation of
that rock, causing more or less of oscillation and change of level
to the surface, and the subsequent action of the waves upon the
cliffs and beaches of coast margin, together, will amply account
for the production of the conglomerate, but it will be recognized
that the main factor in such view is to be found in the disintegra-
tion of the rocky hills long before the action of other forces.

The presentation now made of the origin of the conglomerate
of the Boston Basin is greatly strengthened by the fact lately
called to the notice of the writer by Professor Crosby, — that no
pebbles of the basic rock diorite are found in the conglomerate
with those of the acidic rocks. All will agree in the statement
that pebbles of the granite, the quartzite, and the petrosilex
rocks of the northern border of the basin, have contributed
largely to make up the conglomerate ; but what became of those
of the diorite, a rock quite as abundant in the ancient hills as
any of them ? Its absence can only be accounted for by the
view that it could not like the others withstand the corrosive
action, as did partially the others, and therefore not even pebbles
were left to help form the newer rock. Respecting the slates,
their origin is clear. Simultaneously with the depression of the
area of the basin below the sea level, there would commence a
deposit of the finer sediment brought down by the rivers. This
may well be thought to have been copious considering the char-
acter of the country passed through, everywhere composed of
the decayed remains of the earlier rocks. Indeed it cannot be
doubted that the streams would be turbid with argillaceous mat-
ter, and, as well known, this would be immediately precipitated
upon coming in contact with salt water. Thus the material for

42 History of Hingham.

the slates of the basin must have steadily accumulated through
long ages.

The origin of another abundant rock of the basin, associated
with the conglomerate, the melaphyr, long continued to be a ques-
tion of much discussion, but there is now no doubt concerning it.
During all the immense time that subsidence continued, and
while sedimentary strata were gradually accumulating, the area
of the basin remained a great centre of igneous action, and vol-
canoes here and there within it belched forth from time to time
floods of lava which spread itself over the surface. Professor
Crosby has made out in the Nantaskct region several flows of it,
each of which alternates with deposits of conglomerate and sand-
stone. In such cases the outpouring was probably beneath the
surface of the water, where the deposits followed each period
of activity. In Hingham the melaphyr is found in very great
bodies not separated by deposits of the sedimentary rocks.

One more great event in the history of the basin is yet to be
mentioned. Long after the volcanic action tbat had produced the
basic lava, melaphyr, bad ceased, and after all the sediments were
deposited that produced the rocks known to us as the conglomer-
ates, the sandstones, and the slates, a great disturbance occurred
over the whole area of the basin and of the crystalline rocks
surrounding it, caused by another manifestation of igneous en-
ergy, which changed the whole character of the surface. With-
in the basin, apparently from immense pressure exerted in north
and south directions, the rocky strata were forced up in folds or
in broken ridges. Through crystalline rocks and sedimentary
strata alike, subterranean action brought to the surface, and
probably poured over it, vast quantities of lava of highly basic
properties, different from those of the previous eruptions, now
known to lithologists as Diabase, an account of which has been
given. The great erosion of after ages is undoubtedly the rea-
son why the rock Diabase is not found spread over the surface,
as well as within the walls of dikes.

At length the disturbing action ceased, and the earth, which
had been shaken from its foundations to its surface, and rent
asunder in a thousand localities, once more became quiescent.
The effect upon the area of the basin was great, for where the
waters had for an immense period spread themselves over the
surface, and under which conglomerates and slates had been laid
down, dry land appeared.

How strange to reflect that in these three words is embraced
a fact without which all the stupendous events that have been
mentioned, occurring over millions of years, would have re-
mained entirely unknown to mortal man ; for with the waters
covering the basin, where could a trace of its long history have
been found ?

The rocks of the Boston Basin as they present themselves in
Hingham will now be noticed. Unfortunately the non-occurrence

The Geology of Hingham. 43

of fossils in any of them makes it impossible to determine defi-
nitely their age. The fact of slates within half a dozen miles of
the town containing trilobites, thus showing them to be primor-
dial, has led reasonably to the view that a part at least of those
in Hingham might be found to be also primordial. The super-
position of the strata, however, and their inclination, as far as
these can be studied at their exposures, militate against this
view. Nevertheless, considering how much is hidden from obser-
vation where the great body of slate lies, towards Weymouth
River, and the disturbances to which the formations have been
subjected, it is by no means to be regarded as settled that slate
of primordial age does not exist in Hingham as in other parts
of the basin. It cannot, however, be shown that any is found
resting; beneath the rocks of the Conglomerate Series. That
which occurs alternating with the conglomerate must be regarded
as of the same age as the conglomerate itself. The great body
of slate referred to above, towards Weymouth River, seems by
its dip, as far as this has been determined, to be superior to the
strata of the conglomerate series, and therefore a later rock.

This slate, on the maps is designated separately from that of
the conglomerate series, as belonging to the Slate Series.

The Conglomerate Series comprises Conglomerates, Sandstones,
Slates, and Melaphyr, which have together a thickness of nearly
one thousand feet. The great disturbances alluded to, by which
all these rocks were rent asunder by faults, and forced into ap-
proximately vertical positions, will be more clearly apparent by
a glance at the maps than by hours of reading.

THE CONGLOMERATE SERIES.

Conglomerate is formed of pebbles or angular fragments and
gravel derived from pre-existing formations, these being cemented
together into a compact rock. Sometimes the enclosed masses
are of considerable dimensions, being several feet in diameter.
When the enclosed stones are pebbles, that is, are rounded, the
rock is called Pudding-Stone ; when they are angular it is called
Breccia. The pebbles or fragments vary much in character, —
those of Petrosilex, Quartzite, Granite, and other rocks being often
found in close juxtaposition. Such is the case with the conglom-
erate of Hingham, as may be seen at almost any exposure. When
the rock is "found made up exclusively of fine material, small
gravel, and sand, it becomes a sandstone, and as such occurs in
Hingham alternating with the coarser portions.

Conglomerate is the predominant rock over considerable areas
of the town. It presents itself prominently in the harbor, com-
posing the strata of the islands known as Sarah's, Langlee's, and
Ragged, and its walls face the water along the coast front of
Melville Gardens. It crops out upon the surface in great abun-

44 History of Hingham,.

dance over the hilly region between South and Elm streets, appear-
ing near the former in cliffs of considerable altitude, and it forms,
with the amygdaloidal melaphyr, a part of the shore rocks of
Rocky Neck that border Weir River, east of Planter's Hill. It
also occurs abundantly about and over the high lands contiguous
to Unit's Cove.

Away from the coast and the islands in the harbor the most
imposing exhibition of this rock may be found in a narrow, pri-
vate road that runs from Real Street towards Weymouth River,
some distance north of the Hockley Lane. Soon after entering
this road it turns towards the north, winding about the base of
some exposures of the conglomerate which lie between it and
Beal Street. Following the passage through low ground and
through forest growth for the distance of about a quarter of a
mile, there suddenly appear high cliffs of the rock partially ob-
scured by trees, rising to the height of forty to fifty feet, and pre-
senting the appearance of having been torn asunder by some
convulsion of nature, large masses being found in the foreground.
The rocks extend along the road and near it six to seven hundred
feet. The exposure here is well worth visiting.

The conglomerate rocks of Hingham were originally deposited
upon the more ancient rocks, perhaps much farther inland than
is now apparent, and were worn away by the erosion of the sur-
face in after ages. At some localities, however, a partial coating
of the conglomerate may be seen upon the granite, occupying
depressions in it, showing where it once rested probably in con-
siderable beds.

CLAY SLATE, OR ARGILLITE, OF THE CONGLOM-
ERATE SERIES.

The slate of the conglomerate series in Hingham occurs, as
may be seen by the maps, quite abundantly in the northern parts
of the town, alternating with the conglomerate. The color of
these slates varies considerably, a portion being of the ordinary
bluish shade, while other portions are red or reddish. Both
these colors are found quite near each other in the same exposure,
as in Hersey Street on the left side going from, and not far from,
South Street.

The slate of the slate series will be mentioned after notice of
melaphyr, which is included in the conglomerate series.

MELAPHYR.

The name Amygdaloid commonly applied to this rock was given
because of the frequent occurrence in it of cavities filled with other
minerals than those constituting its mass, which are often approxi-

The Geology of Hingham. 45

mately almond-shape in their outline. These cavities, how-
ever, may be entirely wanting, when of course the name amyg-
daloid loses its significance. Moreover, rocks of a different
composition have sometimes the same amygdaloidal structure.
The name now applied to the rock by geologists is Melaphyr,
and nowhere does it present itself in its typical and varied char-
acteristics more advantageously for observation and study than in
Hingham. The composition is the same as that of Basalt, which
has as its essential elements, augite, magnetite, and titaniferous
iron, but often containing a triclinic feldspar and other minerals, —
the only difference being apparently the result of a change of
some of the constituents by decomposition. Here it is found
beautifully amygdaloidal over extensive areas, the amygdules
being filled with minerals of several species which are sometimes
arranged in concentric bands, the most common being epidote,
quartz, chlorite, and calcite. At one locality, on land bordering
Unit's Cove, there is an exposure of melaphyr, forming an escarp-
ment on the slope of a hill, which is quite dark in color and in
portions free from amygdules, and where these occur they are of
calcite. This is found in the immediate neighborhood of other
melaphyr, full of amygdules containing the various minerals men-
tioned as common in the rock.

The best exposures for the study of melaphyr may be found at
the northeast part of the town along the shore of Rocky Neck,
on the northeasterly slope of Squirrel Hill, Lincoln Street, and at
Huit's Cove. At all these places the amygdaloidal rock is abun-
dant, and specimens of much beauty can be easily obtained. In
the amygdaloidal melaphvrs of Rocky Neck fine red jasper and
vellowish white epidote occur, both in nodules and in veins.

CLAY SLATE OF THE SLATE SERIES.

This slate, which forms a great body resting with apparent con-
formity over the rocks of the conglomerate series, has a thick-
ness of over one thousand feet, and undoubtedly is spread, as indi-
cated on the maps, over a great area of the town toward Weymouth
River. Its exposures are, however, not numerous, as the drift of
the glacial period covers it from observation. It shows itself on
the border of Weymouth River at Deal's Cove, and also at Huit's
Cove. At the south side of the latter it forms a point of land
which extends into the water. Here it is well-jointed, and the
lines of stratification are distinctly perceptible. The dip is west-
erly, and the inclination about 60°. On the north shore of the
cove it appears associated with conglomerate and melaphyr, and
portions of it show clearly lines of cleavage which are not often
manifest at the exposures of slate in Hingham.

In a region where the rock formations have experienced great
disturbance, as in Hingham, the dip of the strata varies very

46 History of Hingham.

much at the several localities. In attempting to obtain this, it
may be well to admonish the reader, if not a geologist, that in the
case of slates and some other rock's, the true lines of deposition
by no means correspond with the lines of cleavage. It is owing
to the planes of the latter that the rock is serviceable for the
uses to which it is put in the arts, as a roofing material, and
for other purposes. This kind of cleavage is called Slaty
Cleavage, and it is unquestionably due to great lateral pressure
of the material of which slates are composed, after its deposition.
The fact of such pressure being exerted upon the strata beneath
the surface is well-known, and experiments by Sedgwick, Tyndall,
and Daubree, upon clay and other substances, demonstrated that
the effect of pressure was to produce lamination.

The writer has thought it well, before closing his remarks upon
the rock exposures of the town, to suggest two excursions that
may be made to advantage by students interested in them. One
of these is through the northern portion of Hersey Street, from
South Street to Elm Street. The rocks mentioned rest immedi-
ately on or quite near the margin of the road, and may be seen
without going any distance from it in the adjoining fields. Since
the examination has been made there has been some change on
the east side of the street by the erection of a building, and the
covering over of a portion of the rocks near ; but thus far none
that will lessen interest in inspecting those yet undisturbed. The
other excursion suggested is that of a visit to Rocky Xeck and a
walk along its shores, as promising more pleasure and instruction
than can be found in any other locality.

Hersey Street.

This street, in its northern part, affords a good opportunity to
observe a succession of the sedimentary rocks of Hingham with
the intrusive trap which is found with them. In ascending the
rising ground from South Street, there occurs, on the right side,
about 240 feet from the commencement of the road and back from
it, an exposure of Conglomerate. It shows itself quite near the
house of Mr. Allen A. Lincoln. Its face is parallel with the side
of the house and at right angles with the road. On the next
estate, 60 feet beyond, there is rock exposure near and facing the
street, the first part of which is composed of trap and constitutes
a dike six or more feet in width. This is succeeded bv conglom-
erate, with which it makes a close junction. This conglomerate
extends about 15 feet and is followed by a reddish slate extend-
ing 20 feet, in the centre of which is a second trap dike. Suc-
ceeding the slate is more conglomerate, which shows itself 50
feet or more. There is no further exposure on the right side of
the road for 1090 feet, and then it is found that the limit of the

Geology of Hingham. s«l'Timfl

map t > r

ON

Weir River.

reDiredby WO CROSBY.
Scalp -'0 i ud-. or .\ W feel = I inch

f .:. .

Cutlqlnm frttfr.

EXPLANATION OF COLORS

firamtr
Melaphvr

f}m£f(i>mrra/c
Dikes
Fciuttx

SECTION [I

SL'CTION I

Horizontal Scale. %30 -/" lerticcd Scale 10S1 '— /"

The Geology of H Ingham. 47

sedimentary rocks has been passed, as granite now appears. This
extends 30 feet and is followed by an exposure of trap. Beyond
this trap, which here crosses the street, the rocks are all granite.

On the left side of the street, ascending the hill from South
Street and about 310 feet from it, there is an exposure of rocks
which present themselves in the following order: conglomerate
nine feet, slate six feet, sandstone twenty feet, slate again twelve
feet, this last being succeeded by a dike of trap about nine feet in
width. Beyond this trap there is no exposure for about 60 feet,
at which distance another ledge appears, the first part of which
shows blue and red slate six feet, the rest of it being conglom-
erate, which extends 36 feet. Another space, of 72 feet, without
rock follows the conglomerate, when this rock reappears in
another ledge, — composing the first part of it for six feet, the
rest of it, 45 feet, being blue and red slate. Still another space
of about 80 feet occurs without rock, when sandstone appears
along the road for the very considerable distance of 110 feet.
Trap, partially covered with soil, succeeds the sandstone for about
40 feet, then conglomerate with an exposure of six feet. Beyond
this conglomerate, which is the last seen on the road of the sedi-
mentary strata, no other rocks appear on the left side of it for 650
feet. Then appears a considerable elevation of trap rock, which
extends along the street about 30 feet and back upon the adjoin-
ing fields towards Elm Street. As stated above, when mention-
ing the portion of this dike exposed on the right side of the road,
there are no other rocks beyond it excepting granite.

Rocky Neck.

East of Planter's Hill, and partially separated from it by a
depression of the surface, is an elevation of land forming a prom-
ontorv, which is bordered bv Weir River on its north and east-
erly shores. The rocks here, finely exposed as they are along the
water's edge, and exhibiting well their relation to each other,
afford one of the localities the best worth visiting of any within
the town. The map of course shows the development over and
beneath the surface of the land as made known by the rock expos-
ures ; but a statement of what may be readily observed in a walk
along the margin of the water will perhaps help visitors to
understand what they pass, and thus make such a trip the more
interesting.

At low water on the river front of the meadow that lies south
of Rockv Neck, mav be seen close to the water's eds;e a small
ridge of rocks which the student should especially notice, as they
are composed of the basic rock Porphyrite, and no other exposure
of this rock is known in Hingham. Following the shore north of
the porphyrite and just where the land rises from low and marshy
ground, the first rocks which appear above the surface and rest-

48 History of Hingham.

ing somewhat back from the beach are conglomerates. Proceed-
ing further a short distance, two dikes of diabase jut upon the
beach, and not far inland may be seen to have cut through con-
glomerate, the line of junction on a facing of one of them towards
the water being distinctly perceptible The lirst of the dikes is
about 450 feet from the porphyrite on the line of the beach, and
the second about 40 feet further. The former of these will be
more particularly mentioned before the close of these remarks
upon Rocky Neck. Beyond the dikes, extending over the beach
and along the shore for 350 feet or more, is a confused mixture of
melaphyr with other rocks, petrosilex, porphyrite, granite, quartz-
ite, etc. In portions the melaphyr forms with them a conglom-
erate of which it is by far the larger part. Other portions can
hardly be designated as conglomerate, being apparently the result
of the intrusion of the melaphyr in a molten state among pebbles
and masses unconsolidated, and absorbing them in its substance,
each being now found surrounded entirely by the melaphyr.

It is in this portion of the rock of the shore that there is found
much good red jasper, affording cabinet specimens of some beauty.
The formation of this was clearly due to the chemical action
arising from the union of the molten melaphyr with the material
invaded. There are some veins of quartz found in the rock and
others of an impure, buff-colored epidote.

Following this mixed melaphyr and conglomerate and less than
100 feet from it, is a very typical conglomerate containing peb-
bles of granite, quartzite, and petrosilex. This extends about 90
feet. The jointing in this may be noticed as north and south.

About 80 feet from the conglomerate, melaphyr appears and
extends for the considerable distance of about 500 feet. In it
may be seen veins of quartz and also of the yellowish, opaque
epidote mentioned above as occurring in the mixed melaphyr
and conglomerate, but in far greater abundance. This melaphyr
at its termination abuts directly against conglomerate, the line
of demarcation being distinct and nearly vertical, though in places
this does not clearly appear. There is undoubtedly a fault here.
The conglomerate from the junction of the two rocks extends
along the coast line about 240 feet. In this conglomerate is an
east and west dike four to five feet wide. Melaphyr follows for
some 50 feet or more, of a character similar to that before de-
scribed as mixed with other material.

A bay in the land here occurs, and crossing it westerly on the
beach at low tide the visitor finds cliffs of melaphyr which form a
jutting point into the water. Crossing this a second bay is
reached at a distance of about 100 feet. Here the rock displays
the characteristic nodules that lead to its designation as amyg-
daloid. Indeed a large portion of the melaphyr of Rocky Neck is
finely amygdaloidal, and affords good specimens of this variety of
the rock. On the beach here there is a protruding flat surface
of rock, a yard or so in diameter, on which may be seen glacial

The Geology of H Ingham.

49

striae, though probably exposed there to the elements for centu-
ries. These lines are northwest and southeast, and south 30°
east. Other lines on a neighboring rock are northwest by west
and southeast by east. On the westerly side of the bay granite
appears in a high cliff towards and extending into the water.

By ascending this cliff, passing over it to its western declivity
and descending to the narrow beach at its base, which should be
done at low tide, a dike exposure may be seen of much interest.
It is what is called a double dike, the molten material having
made its way to the surface within two contiguous joints in the
granite. The larger portion has a width of about eight feet, the

Figure No 3.

smaller one about one foot, and they are separated by about one foot
of the invaded rock. See Figure No. 3. This double dike slopes
to the south from the vertical at an angle of 45°. This is the
extreme western end, on Rocky Neck, of the dike first mentioned
as appearing on the eastern shore. It does not present there

VOL. I.

50 History of Hingha/m.

or generally over the surface of the neck its double character be-
cause obscured by the soil. Across the water of the river, on
Nantasket where it reappears, it shows itself double.

THE GLACIAL PERIOD.

A pretty full notice of the great glacier that rested over the
North, and the phenomena attendant upon its advance and
final melting away, has been given in the preliminary remarks.
We have now only to treat particularly of the traces left upon
the surface of the town by its passage. Those who bave atten-
tively read what has been expressed will understand that the
decomposed material of early rock formations making up the
soil of the territory of Hingham prior to the advent of the ice
was largely borne away by its movement, the solid rock founda-
tions being laid bare, whilst a large part of that which now forms
the bills and covers the valleys was brought forward by the on-
ward progress of the glacier from more northern localities. The
whole of the earth tbus disturbed and redistributed is known as
Drift. Much of it was materially changed in the transportation.
That directly beneath the glacier, and subjected to its enormous
pressure and to great friction upon the rock surfaces below, was
reduced to fragments, and even to the finest particles. The masses
of rock, too, which were borne on beneath the glacier, that escaped
destruction, were mostly smoothed, and often striated, like the
rocky strata over which they passed. The part of the drift thus
subjected to the crushing and grinding action of the glacier is
known as Till. The definition of this term " Till," as given by
James Geikie, the author of the exceedingly valuable work,
" The Great Ice Period," is " a firm, tough, unstratified stony
clay, with no very large bowlders, and having stones of a peculiar
shape." The stones referred to are such as are oblong without
being symmetrical in outline, and which exhibit strias most often
in the direction of the longest axis. Till constitutes the lowest
member of the drift deposits. It is the " moraine profonde,n or
" ground moraine " of foreign geologists, the " bowlder clay " of
most writers, the " hard pan " of our townsmen. It owes its
compact and tough character undoubtedly to the immense pres-
sure of the ice.

A considerable portion of the drift which was borne in the body
of the glacial sheet itself, and thus escaped its grinding action,
upon the final melting of the ice was spread loosely over the
whole surface to a varying depth of from one to ten feet, and in
some places to a much greater thickness. It is generally com-
posed of gravel and sand with enclosed pebbles, and often contains
an abundance of bowlders of large dimensions. Like the till, this
upper drift is unstratified ; but neither the bowlders nor pebbles
in it are striated, as is the case with part of those of the former.

The Geology of Hingham. 51

This is often called the Upper Till. It rests upon the general
surface of New England, overlying the true till where the latter
exists. It is easily distinguished from it by its somewhat dif-
ferent composition, containing comparatively but little clay, and
being much less compact, from not having been subjected to such
great pressure. Its color, too, is generally yellowish, arising from
the oxidation of the iron contained in it.

There is yet a third glacial deposit to be mentioned ; it is known
as Modified Drift. This undoubtedly owed its origin generally to
the action of rivers, which upon the melting of the ice-sheet swept
over it and conveyed the rock masses, gravel, and sand, with which
it was laden, to many localities where they are now found.

Having thus given an account of the origin of the drift deposits
and their dissemination over the surface of the land, it remains
for us to present the views of those who have made a special study
of glacial phenomena respecting the peculiar hills that prevail in
many sections over which the ice-sheet rested, and which form a
predominant feature in the topography of the town ; and also
of the less elevated summits and ridges known by geologists as
Karnes, which likewise present themselves prominently over a large
part of its territory. The first of these, the peculiar hills referred
to, are what have been called by the Irish geologists " Drumlins,"
a name of Irish derivation, signifying a long, rounded hill, — and
by Professor Charles H. Hitchcock they have been called " Lenticu-
lar Hills," from their lenslike form. We will first dwell upon
these hills, upon the grooving and striation of the rocks over which
the glacier advanced, and upon what are known as " pot-holes,"
as phenomena of the period under consideration ; postponing re-
marks upon the later drift deposits and much other matter con-
nected with the passing away of the ice, which will be presented
when treating of the Champlain Period.

DRUMLINS, OR LENTICULAR HILLS.

These remarkable elevations are found in many towns of east-
ern Massachusetts, but nowhere are seen to form more interesting
features of the landscape than in Hingham. Baker's Hill, Otis
Hill, Prospect Hill, Great Hill, Turkey Hill, and Pleasant Hill at
Crow Point are all elevations of this character. They are com-
posed, wherever found, mainly of the lowest member of the drift,
the till, or bowlder clay, having generally but a thin deposit on
their surface of the gravel and bowlders of the upper drift. They
vary much in size, sometimes presenting themselves as mere hil-
locks, but often found half a mile or more in length, and not
infrequently over a mile. In form they are generally oval, more
or less elongated, having symmetrical, rounded summits, with gen-
tle slopes in the direction of their longest axes and much steeper
ones laterally. In height they sometimes exceed two hundred

52 History of Hingham.

feet. These hills rest on rock surfaces which have been subjected
to glacial action and show striation.

Now when the fact is taken into consideration that all such
hills are only to be found in countries which have been covered
with the ice-sheet, that their longitudinal axes always coincide,
or very nearly coincide, with the direction of the stria? upon the
rocks of the regions where they occur, and that they are com-
posed almost entirely of till, no one can reasonably doubt that
they were originally formed under and by the action of the ice-
sheet itself. How the till could be raised into such hills has been
a subject of much question, but there is now a general acquies
cence in the view that they had their origin in the gradual and
long-continued accumulation of the clay and its accompanying
pebbles in certain places favorable for the aggregation of the ma-
terial, in the same manner that sand-banks are formed in rivers.

GROOVINGS AND STRIATION OF THE ROCKS.

The rock exposures in different parts of the town show clearly
the wearing away of the material, causing extensive grooves upon
their surfaces, and often fine striae, which mark unmistakably the
course of the glacier over them. The granite, while it exhibits
the smooth, rounded outlines and the deep groovings on a grand
scale, seldom shows the finer and more delicate markings as seen
upon the slate and diabase. Among the localities where the stria?
mov be clearly discerned are the following : —

Fort Hill. — The diorite on the side of the street next the
cemetery very generally exhibits stria?. An examination of these
shows their direction to be as follows, — compass measurement
(which measurement will be given in all cases) : —

East of south 1 0°
East of south 1 2°
East of south 15°

Lasell Street. — On the left side of this street, going south,
about 1000 feet from Free street, and extending from the carriage-
way to the fence, is the flat surface of a dike of diabase, upon
which are very numerous stria?. Several of these examined were
found to run east of south 10°.

Beal's Cove, Weymouth Back River. — There is here a consid-
erable exposure of slate, through which is a large dike of diabase.
On both rocks stria? are abundant. Examination showed them to
vary in direction as follows : —

East of south 10°, J

East of south 15°, >on slate.

East of south 20°, )

East of south 25°, on dike rock.

The Geology of Hinghmn. 53

Rocky Neck. — On a beach of the northern shore, upon diabase,
are glacial strise showing a direction southeast, and also cast of
south 80°.

Union Street. — On the left side of Union street, 1670 feet
from Lascll, and just beyond Long Bridge Lane, is a granite ledge
upon which are numerous striae.

Summer and Rockland streets. — Just at the corner of these
streets, by the roadside, is an exposure of diabase trap, before men-
tioned when treating of dikes, upon which are striae which show
variation in direction as follows : —

East of south 10°
East of south 12°
East of south 15D

Weir Street. — On the right side of the roadway of this street,
a short distance from the railroad-crossing, is an exposure of dio-
rite showing striae running —

East of south 5°
East of south 1CP

INDIAN POT-HOLES, OR GIANTS' KETTLES OF
FOREIGN WRITERS.

It is well known that wherever there exist waterfalls of any mag-
nitude, pot-holes, so-called, are often found beneath the rushing
waters, formed by the friction of stones which have been lodged
in the hollows of the rock surface over which the torrent pours,
and which, having a somewhat circular motion imparted to them,
gradually wear away the rock, with the result of producing these
singular objects.

It is not surprising that when these have been found, as has often
been the case, where there was nothing to indicate there had ever
been a river or running stream, they should have excited alike the
wonder and interest of both scientific and unscientific beholders.

It should be borne in mind that the knowledge of a great conti-
nental ice-sheet resting over our whole northern region is but a re-
cent acquisition, and that phenomena having their origin under such
a condition of things could not possibly be understood previously
by the most learned of observers.

' The ideas of the unlearned respecting such pot-holes are often
ludicrous. With our own people they have been regarded as the
work of the Indians, and where found have been called Indian Pot-
Holes, from the thought that they had been wrought for and used
as cooking vessels. Abroad they have been called Giants' Kettles,
undoubtedly from the belief that they were made by giants for
their culinary use.

The study "of glacial phenomena within a few years has thrown
a flood of light upon much that was before obscure, and we now

54

History of Hingham.

can well understand how pot-holes may have been formed in lo-
calities remote from any water-courses of the present period by
rushing- torrents through crevasses in the great ice-sheet.

The pot-holes to be mentioned, though not found within the limits
of Hingham, are too near its borders, and too interesting as phe-
nomena of the glacial period, not to be noticed here. They are
to be found in Little Harbor, Cohasset, on Cooper's Island, so-
called, which however is not an island in the sense of being a body
of land surrounded with water, but from its being a somewhat
elevated land surrounded partly by water and partly by low, marshy
ground. There is a border of rocky cliffs on the northern portion
of the east coast of this island which end at a beach that separates
them from other cliffs farther south ; and it is near the termi-
nation of those first-mentioned and quite close to the beach that
the pot-holes are found. Just before this termination there is a
partial separation of the rocky mass by an opening on the water
side, which, however, rapidly narrows inland but a few feet from,
the water. It is on the northern side of this opening, that is, on
the rock that slopes towards the south, and very near the water
at low tide, that two of the holes, or what remains of them, may be
readily seen when the tide is out.

Of the lowest of these, and the best preserved of them, and which
is designated as No. 1 in Figure No. 4, there yet remains a pot-
hole in the rock which will
hold water to the depth of 1
foot 9 inches, having a well-
defined rim just at the sur-
face of the water. The di-
ameter of it at rim is 25^
inches ; below the rim 30
inches. Above this rim the
whole southern side of what
once formed a portion of the
pot-hole is gone ; but on the
northern side there remains,
as a concavity in the rock,
what formed a part of it,
having well-worn marks up-
on the surface; and these
are plainly discernible for a
height of four feet. From
the rock sloping away rapid-
ly above, it is very probable
that even these traces, wheh
•I prove a depth of six feet, do
not give the whole of that of
the original vessel when it
was intact. Exterior to this pot-hole the tide sinks below the
level of its bottom, but at high tide all is covered.

Figure No. 4.

The Geology of Hingham. 55

The second pot-hole has its bottom three feet above that of the
lowest one, and a perpendicular line from the centre of each shows
the two to be three feet apart. The wall dividing them must have
become, while yet action went on within them, very thin, and prob-
ably one broke into the other before it ceased altogether. The
whole southern side of this second hole, which is marked/No. 2 in
Figure No. 4, is gone, and water can now stand in its bottom to
the depth of only about two inches.

The concavity above this, which formed the northern portion of
the hole, exhibiting as it does a well-worn surface of three feet in
width, shows that it must have been as large as or larger than the
first. This concavity can be discerned to the height of live feet,
where further traces are lost ; but, as is the case with No. 1, the
whole depth of the pot-hole may have been much greater than
what is indicated. The slope of what remains of the walls of
these holes shows that the flow of water over the rock surfaces
was from the northwest. That of No. 2 approximates to 30° from
that direction towards the southeast.

Of No. 3, so designated in Figure No. 4, there is but little to be
said except that it is small and shallow. It is 4 feet 9 inches
above No. 2 in a northwest direction, and there may be traced
from it westerly a narrow water channel about six feet in length.

The fourth of the pot-holes to be mentioned is or was the
largest of all, and hence has been called by the people near by
the" " Well." It is designated as No. 4 in Figure No. 5. Passing
over the rocky elevation in a northerly direction, it may be found
about a hundred feet distant from the others, in front of a cliff
which faces an opening in the rocks more immediately near the
water. This pot-hole, unlike those previously mentioned, is not
found on a sloping portion of rock, but is on a flat surface directly
at the base of the cliff. Horizontally, the form of it is oval, and
its largest diameter, which is northeast and southwest in direc-
tion, is four feet, the narrowest two feet ten inches. The depth
at which water is now retained is about a foot.

The cliff rises nine feet high from the margin of the "Well"
and ten feet from its bottom. 'The " Well " itself was probably as
deep at least as ten feet, the curvature and wearing of the rock of
the cliff above the present hole clearly showing this.

The rocky ridge in which all these pot-holes or kettles are found,
has a height of from 20 to 25 feet, and is of granite. Besides
the pot-holes of which an account has been given, there are other
depressions showing distinctly a commencement of action towards
their formation. Two of such may be found 20 feet in a north-
erly direction from those numbered 1, 2, and 3; that is, between
these and the one called the " Well," No. 4. One is shallow,
appearing like the bowl of a spoon, about a foot across, show-
ing, extending from it, a water-worn channel sloping easterly to
the edge of the rock surface, about ten feet ; and on a lower sur-
face of the same rock, another and larger depression just where

56

History of Hingham.

water from the first might descend. Moreover, a large portion of
the rock surface shows not only glaciation but continued water
action.

■■WUfottM-M'j

Figure No. 5.

It is very certain that no river has ever existed in the region of
the pot-holes at Cohasset to account for their existence. We are
forced, therefore, to ascribe their origin to the flowing of water
from the great continental glacier.

Considering the shallowness of the portions of the pot-holes de-
scribed on Cooper's Island remaining for our observation, and the
probability that they have been visited by generations of people,
both of the Indian and the white man, it is not surprising that no-
thing is left of their contents in or about them. There is, however,
one rounded stone in the possession of Mr. Charles S. Bates, the
owner of the estate on which the pot-holes are found, which tra-
dition states to have been taken from the deepest one mentioned.
It is elliptical, nearly spherical, in form, — its longest diameter
being about four and a half inches, its shortest four inches. Trans-
versely, it is quite circular. It is of granite, not unlike that of the
surrounding country. There is no reason to question the truth of
the tradition.

To account for the phenomena presented by the pot-holes de-
scribed, it is necessary to recognize that when the great glacier

The Geology of Hingluim. 57

lay over the land, many hundreds of feet in depth, during the
summer, particularly towards the close of the period, rivers flowed
over its surface, as they now do over the glaciers of the Alps.
As there, crevasses were formed in the ice, into which the water
poured and worked passages to the bottom of the great sheet, dis-
charging itself in torrents, often conveying stones and other mo-
raine matter to the rock surfaces below. Such passages in modern
glaciers become somewhat circular in form and are hence called
wells. They are also called moulins, the latter name from the
noise made by the rushing waters in the ice, being not unlike
that of a mill. The water, and the material conveyed by it through
such wells of the great glacier of our continent, must have smoothed
and worn rapidly away the rock surface on which they impinged,
often causing, by the same kind of action as is witnessed under
falls of water in some of our rivers, holes in the rocks like those
now under consideration. Of course the action of the water and
material conveyed by it would be immensely more rapid in form-
ing such holes, falling, as they undoubtedly did, from a great
height, and striking upon the rocks below with intense force.
This would lead to the abrasion of the rock, by any rotating
stones lodged in the hollows, so much more powerful than any
action we know under falling waters of the present day as to
render estimation of the result incalculable.

It is doubtful, however, to the mind of the writer, if circum-
stances often favored the formation of pot-holes directly beneath
such a fall and where its full force would be felt. He is impressed
with the view that if this were the case they would not be found
ha vino; the form thev horizontallv present.

It has, indeed, been thought strange that, as the ice moved con-
tinuously on, the holes were not found generally elongated in the
direction of the movement of the glacier rather than circular.
Such thought, however, is only consistent with the presumption
that the holes were made just where the water first fell upon
the rock surface below. Far more reasonable is it to suppose that
the holes were formed somewhat distant from this place, where
the masses of rocks borne by the waters found a lodging in some
depression, and there by rotation worked out the pot-holes. The ice
might move on and the waters descend through the moulin far from
where they first fell, yet continue their flow in the same direction
as at first,' and go on with the work of rotating the contents of the
hole through a whole season. In such case there could be, of course,
no reason to expect elongation.

The fact that pot-holes have been found in near proximity,
and in such positions relative to each other as to show them to
be apparently the result of independent falls of water, leads to a
consideration of what has been noticed in the Alps. Observation
upon the glaciers there shows that as a crevasse is carried for-
ward by the general movement of the ice from where it received
the flow of waters in the summer, and winter cuts off the supply,

58 History of Hingham.

it closes, leaving only upon the surface of the glacier a mark show-
ing where it had once been. Subsequently, a new one is formed
just where in relation to the land at the margin of the glacier,
the former one existed ; and the waters of the succeeding sum-
mer again descend upon the rock surface near where they before
fell, but not often, probably, in exactly the same place ; and thus
other pot-holes are formed contiguous to those of a preceding sea-
son, and yet far enough distant to make it evident that they were
not produced by the same flow of water.

Respecting the formation of the crevasses in about the same
places on the ice-sheet, there can be no question but that this is
due to the irregularities of the subglacial surface ; and as high
ridges transverse to the direction of the glacial flow must favor
their formation, it is no wonder that pot-holes are often found in
the slopes of such ridges and at their bases, as in the case of those
described at Cohasset.

Though lenticular hills, strise upon the rocks, and pot-holes
have been described as phenomena of the Glacial Period, it may
be well to add that both pot-holes and striae upon rocks may in
some instances have been formed in the Champlain Period, now
to be presented.

CHAMPLAIN PERIOD.

The early part of the Champlain Period was characterized by the
final melting away of the glacier. The phenomena attendant up-
on the great and long continued flooding over the ice-sheet and
over the surface of the land were of marked character. Un-
doubtedly, there is to be ascribed to it the formation of the ridges
and hillocks called Kames, and the singular hollows in the lands
contiguous to these, known as " kettle-holes." Of these some ac-
count will now be given.

KAMES.

There are found extensively over New England as well as in
other regions where the great ice-sheet covered the surface, ridges
of a peculiar character, which ordinarily run in a direction some-
what approximate to that of the principal stria? on the rock sur-
faces northwest and southeast. That is to say, the general direc-
tion is this, but the variations are common, and often so like those
of a stream of water in its course as to have suggested that the
many rivers pouring over the glacial sheet during the prolonged
period of its subsidence, cutting into its surface and receiving
from it a large portion of its burden of rocky, gravelly, and sandy
material, somehow led to the formation of these singular eleva-
tions which have long excited the interest of beholders. The
view is a reasonable one, and if such was the origin of the kames
referred to, their general direction and sinuous course is readily

The Geology of Hingham. 59

accounted for, as currents of water on the melting glacier would
ordinarily run towards the retreating ice front.

From quite a full account of the Karnes of New England by the
Rev. G. P. Wright, published in the " Proceedings of the Boston
Society of Natural History," Vol. XXII. , Part 2, there are several
mentioned which had been traced over one hundred miles. These
ridges vary in height from a few feet to nearly or quite one hun-
dred, often having very steep slopes and narrow summits. Thev
are composed generally of stones, gravel, and sand.

It is necessary, before proceeding further, to mention that the
term " kaines " is not now so restrictively used, to signify merely the
long ridges of glacial material referred to above, but is made to
include the numerous hills and hillocks of the same character,
which are found often associated with the ridges, especially
towards the termination of the ice-sheet, and, like them, deposited
by the melting ice during its retreat from the surface. The ma-
terial is the same and its origin the same, the only difference
consisting in the method of its deposition.

There are frequently found among the kame hills and hillocks,
and often along the sides of the ridges, deep depressions of the
surface, sometimes many acres in extent, which are known as
" kettle-holes " and of which an account will be given further
on.

Few, if any, of the towns of the State can show more interesting
mementos of the great ice period than Hingham. What with the
grand lenticular hills ; the kame ridges and kame hills ; the gla-
ciated and striated rocks ; the large bowlders dropped from the
ice and scattered here and there over the surface ; the deep
kettle-holes where masses of the ice rested, — one could scarcely
ask for more.

Besides all this, however, the Indian pot-holes of which a
description has been given may be seen by taking a short ride
to the town of Cohasset, once a part of Hingham.

KAME RIDGES OF HINGHAM.

One of the most interesting of the kame ridges of the town is to
be found on the northern and northeastern borders of Accord
Pond. Where the small structures of the Hingham Water Com-
pany stand, at the margin of the pond near Whiting Street, the
ridge, which was approximately continuous, is no longer so, and
here are presented to view two transverse sections separated from
each other for a distance of 350 feet. The direction of the kame
at this place was about south-southeast, as shown by a line between
the two exposed faces. Following this southern portion, it is
found to skirt the pond in a somewhat irregular course, varying
from cast to southeast, and ends just before reaching Hingham
Street in Rockland. The northerly part of the kame, commencing

60 History of Hingham.

from where it has been dug away at the line of boundary of the
land of the water company, follows a somewhat serpentine course,
first along the margin of the pond, southeast, and then in a north-
erly direction towards Whiting Street. After crossing this street
it continues in a northerly direction about 150 feet, then changing
and running westerly about 320 feet, where it terminates. The
whole length of the ridge is somewhat over five eighths of a mile.
It is well worth visiting, being a good example of a typical kame
ridge, and though generally wooded, is sufficiently open at the sum-
mit to allow of free passage to pedestrians.

Kames op Gushing Street. — Proceeding from Whiting Street
north, through Gashing Street, the range called Breakneck Hills
is at first seen at a considerable distance on the left, but these
elevations gradually approach the road, and at about half a mile
from Whiting Street terminate quite near to it. No sooner are
these passed than there looms up on the right side of the way,
in rear of a farmhouse and adjoining fields, a high and very re-
markable ridge, which is well worth ascending, not only to study
its construction, but because it affords quite an extensive view
from its summit of the Breakneck (kame) Hills and other objects.
The height of this ridge is about 80 feet, its length about 1200 feet,
and the slope from the top, especially on the west side, very steep.

A short distance north from the farmhouse mentioned, a great
kame ridge crosses the street, the transverse sections exposed by
digging the roadway through, rising high on each side. These
show the base of the ridge to be about 200 feet. Its greatest
height is about 100 feet. The length is greater than that of any
other in Hingham, being about a mile. Its general course is east-
southeast and north-northwest, but it is now so closely wooded as
to make particular examination difficult. Its southerly termina-
tion is quite near Gardner Street.

Proceeding but a short distance further north on Cushing Street,
another ridge is found to cross the road, but at a different angle
from the first, its course being approximately northwest and south-
cast. It consequently intersects the other at a point distant five
to six hundred feet from the road, and there has its termination.
In the angle between the two is a deep kettle-hole depression.
This ridge extends northwest from the road between eleven and
twelve hundred feet.

Cushing Street passes through another kame deposit, but this is
rather a hillock than a ridge, as it extends but a short distance
from the road on either side.

The Kames near Great Hill. — In passing through New Bridge
Street towards Hobart, looking to the right may be seen, on land of
Mr. F. W. Brewer, two high parallel ridges near the road, of about
equal altitude, and which coalesce with each other about 900 feet
from the street, by one of them — the most northerly — abruptly
dividing, one branch crossing to the other ridge, the first con-
tinuing beyond about 350 feet. The northerly kame crosses the

mm

y.

The Geology of Hingham. 61

street, and its extreme length is 1825 feet. The height of these
ridges is from 30 to 50 feet, with quite narrow summits, and hav-
ing very sloping sides. Their composition is small stones, most-
ly shingle, gravel, and sand. As seen from Great Hill, they are
striking objects to the view. A view of these is given, which also
shows in the distance, at the left, one of the beautifully rounded
summits of a drumlin, that of Baker's Hill.

A peculiarity of these kames is the fact that their direction is
from west to east, thus being nearly at right angles to all others
which have been referred to. This direction would be entirely
inconsistent with the view that the great ice front of the glacier
continued to present itself, as at an earlier period, along an un-
broken line from west to east, for if so, the rivers caused by the
melting glacier wTould have continued to flow south or nearly so.
Mr. Upham, in endeavoring to account for deflection in the direc-
tion of some of the lenticular hills described by him, makes re-
marks which are quite applicable to the changed direction of the
kames under notice. In writing upon the retreat of the ice-sheet
in southeastern Massachusetts, he states : —

" The warmth of the ocean, however, had begun to melt away the ice-
fields which encroached upon its depths, more rapidly than they were
driven hack upon the land, or in the shallow sounds south of New Eng-
land. At their further departure it seems probable that this cause
produced within the Gulf of Maine a great bay in the terminal front of
the ice-sheet, so that it entirely melted away east of Massachusetts, while
it remained in great depth upon all the territory except its southeast por-
tion. The effect of this unequal rate of retreat would be to leave the ice
upon our coast unsupported at the east side, and to cause its motion conse-
quently to be deflected towards the vacant area."

This view being taken as a correct one, it will be at once recog-
nized that the direction of the ice movement itself would be also
approximately that of the rivers that poured over it, and conse-
quently of the kames formed by the ddbris washed into the river-
beds from the glacier.

There is not wanting other evidence than that here suggested
to sustain the view that in eastern Massachusetts the onward
movement of the ice changed towards the close of the Glacial
Period from the normal southeast direction to one more east, as
a second series of stria? are found on some of our rock exposures
attesting this.

Another remarkable system of kame ridges exists at the north-
west extremity of Hingham, extending more than 3000 feet along
the west side of Stoddard's Neck, and across Beal Street near the
bridge over Weymouth Back River, from thence southward to a
little indentation just north of Beal's Cove. These ridges run in a
general north and south direction, although winding and branch-
ing considerably south of Beal Street. On Stoddard's Neck the
heavily wooded ridge varies from 50 to 75 feet in height ; on the
west side above it is quite abrupt. South of Beal Street the steep

62 History of Hingham.

ridges are about 50 feet high. There is another low ridge on the
east side of Stoddard's Neck, and on the south side of Beal Street
are several small ridges and kame hills, besides the high serpen-
tine kames.

A kame ridge of considerable length borders the western shore
of Fulling-Mill Pond, and another skirts its southern shore. The
first-named extended several years ago to the street line, but has
been dug away 50 or 60 feet. The direction of this kaine is gen-
erally north and south, varying in some portions toward the east
and west of north, and its length is nearly 2000 feet. Its width
at base is some 150 feet, and its highest elevation about 50 feet.
Somewhat less than 1500 feet south from its northerly termination
another ridge runs west at a right angle from this one, for a dis-
tance of 750 feet, having an elevation of 25 feet, in places, and a
basal width of 150 feet.

Beyond these ridges, to the southward, are numerous kame hills,
so covered by forest growth as to obscure observation. Still fur-
ther away, especially east and southeast, are hills of this charac-
ter, of considerable elevation.

THE KAME HILLS AND HILLOCKS OF HINGHAM.

The range called Breakneck Hills, which crosses Whiting Street
some distance north of Cushing, and extends southwest half a
mile or more, is a great kame deposit, the material of it not differ-
ing from that of the kame ridges. The width of the range varies
somewhat, but averages perhaps 1000 feet. The average height is
about 50 feet. A very considerable depression of the surface ex-
ists along the north side of the range, followed by other approx-
imately parallel elevations, with depressions alternating for a
considerable distance, of the same general character but less
prominent.

The long range of hills lying nearly parallel with, and north of
the Old Colony Railroad, between North and East Weymouth,
though outside the limits of Hingham, may well be mentioned
here, as these hills can hardly fail to attract the attention of trav-
ellers by the railroad, as they pass within full sight of them. These
are kame elevations, and owe their origin to the great continental
glacier. The general direction of this range is west-northwest
and east-southeast.

The separate kame hills and hillocks cover a very considerable
portion of the surface, especially in the southern and western sec-
tions of the town, where they present conspicuous features in the
landscape. This is the case on the territory bordering French
Street, from Hobart to High, and on High Street west. Here may
be seen an area almost entirely covered with hills and hillocks,
having many kettle-hole depressions among them. The same
may be said of much of the territory bordering Main Street, from
Cushing Street to Prospect Street, and some distance beyond. The

The Geology of Hingham. 63

road indeed runs through and over hillocks of kame material until
reaching' Prospect Street, where the surface becomes more level, and
so continues until near Whiting Street.

The kame elevations of Hingham are by no means limited to the
ridges and the rounded hills that cover so large a portion of its sur-
face. They indeed present themselves sometimes in extensive de-
posits that can hardly be included under the head of either. One
such is of so marked a character, and has such remarkable propor-
tions, as may make particular mention of it desirable. This is to
he found southwest from Great Hill, bordering the south side of
Hobart Street, along which it extends irregularly. It may proper-
ly be designated as table land, being of a height varying from 30
to 50 feet, and having at top a flat surface. It measures in length
east and west about half a mile, and has a width of from 500 to
1000 feet. Its sides are very steep, and are thickly covered with
trees. At the south side of it is a large kettle-hole, which is par-
tially embraced in the kame limits by an extension of an arm from
the main body. As a sketch of the kame, however rough, will give
a better idea of its singular contour than any description, one is
presented on the map of the town.

The country about this interesting kame is well worth the ob-
servation of those who would know of glacial phenomena in Hing-
ham. North is Great Hill, one of the large drumlins, or lenticular
hills, and south of it to High Street, and indeed far beyond, the
country is covered with kame ridges and hillocks of irregular size
and shape.

The effect upon the surface of the town by the distribution of
kame material was much greater than that caused simply by its
deposit in hills, ridges, and other elevations, for it is likely that all
these contain scarcely one half the whole quantity resting over its
area. Temporary lakes formed by barriers of ice and other mat-
ter, together with the flow of the waters, undoubtedly led to such
spread of the gravel and sand as to result in the formation of
the extensive plains that form at different levels so large a por-
tion of the territory. This was not all, for great bodies of it were
deposited in such depressions of the general surface as to choke up
the water-courses. There is no doubt in the mind of the writer
that our principal stream, that of Weir River, pursued its way in
pre-glacial times through a very different channel from that it now
follows, and instead of turning east of north as it does at Hing-
ham Centre just before reaching Leavitt Street, and finally enter-
ing the sea between World's End and Hull, it discharged itself
directly into Hingham Harbor, which then was open to the spread
of its waters but a few hundred feet from where the river takes an
eastward course as mentioned.

It is due to Prof. W. 0. Crosby to state that he suggested the
probability of this to the writer, and that subsequent examination
by both revealed to us that an extensive kame deposit here had
caused the river, which had flowed for some distance directly
north, to make the detour mentioned.

64 History of Hingham.

KETTLE-HOLES.

Intimately connected with the kames are depressions in the
surface, sometimes of considerable depth, which have received
this name. Their origin, formerly a puzzle to students of glacial
phenomena is no longer so, as nature has been detected in the
very act of their formation. From observations of Dr. G. F.
Wright upon the glaciers of Alaska, he found tbat when a con-
siderable surface of a melting ice-sheet had been covered over to
any depth with earth material, rocks, pebbles, and sand, the ice
thus prevented from melting beneath remained intact, whilst all
more exposed over the field sunk away and finally disappeared.
The result of this would be to leave a great mass, sometimes of
large area, to settle as the glacier retreated from it, with enormous
weight upon the subsoil below. Here it would remain until melt-
ed, and it might require the heat of many summers to effect its
entire dissolution, protected as it would be from the sun's rays
by its earthy covering. As, however, the melting progressed, this
covering matter would necessarily slide down around its margin,
producing ridges and hillocks of material the forms of which
would be more or less modified by the running water from the
ice as it dissolved away. With the accumulated quantity of mat-
ter thus deposited, the resting-place of the ice mass would be
much below the surrounding surface. After knowing the results
of Dr. Wright's investigations, it may be confidently stated that
there can be no longer any reasonable doubt concerning the origin
of these depressions.

THE PASSING AWAY OF THE ICE-SHEET.

Some suggestions respecting the kame ridges, the kame hills,
and the kettle-holes may well be presented in remarks upon the
passing away of the great ice-sheet that had for ages covered the
land. The reality of the ice spread over the whole North, where
previously for millions of years a tropical climate had prevailed ;
its increase until it hid from the sun's rays the summits of all
but the highest mountain-peaks ; its onward grand movement so
fruitful of great results, bearing as it did upon and within it the
material of the present hills and valleys ; and its final melting
away, leaving an entirely remodelled surface, — are no longer
questions for discussion. Let us therefore contemplate what the
condition of the glacier was, particularly when passing away, first
briefly referring to what was probable at an earlier date.

The question sometimes presents itself to mind why, with the
o:.ward movement of the ice for many thousands of years, was not
all the loose material of the previously decayed rocks borne to its
termination long before the change that led to its passing away,
thus preventing its spreading over the land in its retreat such
immense quantities of material now forming the surface in this

The Geology of Hingham. 65

region, and constituting the innumerable kame hills and hillocks
that diversify the landscape.

In considering this question, it should be borne in mind that
with the gradual increase of the ice in an epoch of intense cold,
there could probably have been but little flooding of the elevated
regions, and consequently less disturbance of the loose material
than in a later age. Consideration of this may result in the view
that the glacier during the greater part of its existence had less
to do with the transportation of the kame material than when
passing away, aided as it then was by the torrents of water that
(lowed over its surface and swept the hills of all movable matter,
as they emerged from the melting ice. The writer is strongly in-
clined to this view, as it will satisfactorily account for the immense
quantity of stones, gravel, and sand borne upon and deposited by
the glacier when it finally disappeared from the surface.

Now let us picture to ourselves if we can the probable state of
things over and about this town when the ice-sheet had become
reduced from possibly thousands of feet in thickness to a few
hundred, bearing upon it great quantities of transported material,
and having floods of water pouring over it and in its channels such
as the world could never before have witnessed. Let us recog-
nize, too, that its water-courses were being gorged with stones,
gravel, and sand, and that vast collections of these were protecting
great areas of the ice from the sun's rays, often causing the chan-
nels of water to deviate from their normal course in seeking new
channels. Let us note, too, that the great bodv of the ice itself
had by lessened continuity ceased its onward movement, and we
shall find reasons for all we see and wonder at in the marvellous
diversity of the present surface over large portions of this territory.
Where great areas of the glacier by the protecting debris were kept
intact for a long period when that about them had melted away,
there would be found about each such area, as before stated in
treating of the formation of kettle-holes, hills and hillocks formed
by the falling of the gravel and sand from its summit, more or
less modified by the melting ice ; and when all the ice had melted
there would remain a deep depression such as we now know as
kettle-holes. Where channels existed of any length, and these
became filled with the sand and gravel, there would be formed
ridges ; and when large areas of the ice first melted away, the
material flooded into these areas would form hills and ranges
of hills such as we now find occupying a considerable portion of
our territory.

It will be readily recognized that, though the course of the chan-
nels of the surface and in the glacier was generally the same as
that of the movement of the ice-sheet itself, and consequently
the ridges formed would be now found having a like direction, yet
when, by the clogging of the channel's unequal melting, the water
was forced to deviate, the ridges formed would present themselves
varying much from the normal direction, as they now do in regions

VOL. I. 5

66 History of Hingham.

approximating to the termination of the great ice-sheet. Some
of our ridges, notably those of Great Hill, have an east-west
direction, such as it is supposed the glacier itself had near its
closing period over eastern Massachusetts ; but others or portions
of others vary so as to be found running in every direction.

BOWLDERS.

Bowlders are found scattered over all parts of the North within
the region occupied by the ice, having been borne by it from more
northern positions than those they now occupy. With a knowl-
edge of the direction of the movement of the glacier, they can
often be traced to the locality whence they came.

A marked instance, often cited by geologists, and previously
mentioned in the preliminary remarks upon the glacial period, is
that of bowlders found south of Providence, of a character readily
recognized, being those of a porphyritie iron ore from a well-
known bed at Cumberland, R. I. They exist in the soil or upon
the surface for a distance of thirty-five miles or more in the direc-
tion mentioned, but are never found in any other. So of all
bowlders found. If of distinctive character, they are often recog-
nized as belonging to rock formations north, sometimes more
tban a hundred miles distant.

They vary much in size, from cobble-stones to masses of enor-
mous magnitude, such as it is hard to realize have been trans-
ported great distances. There are none in Hingham equal in
dimensions to those found elsewhere. One of the largest ob-
served by the writer is in woods bordering Rockland Street, but
a few feet from the road upon the right side going east, not far
from the foot of Old Colony Hill. It is of granite and measures
nineteen feet in length, sixteen in width, and seventeen in height
= 5,168 cubic feet. The weight of this must be over 430 tons.
Some large masses have become detached from the main body
and these are included in the estimate of size and weight. Large
as this bowlder is, it is small compared with one in the town of
Madison, N. II., which measures 75 X 40 X 30 feet = 90,000
cubic feet, and which consequently weighs over 7,500 tons.

Great numbers of bowlders are found together in certain locali-
ties of this town, the most notable of which is that of the south-
western slope of Prospect Hill, where they cover a large portion
of the surface.

On the northeast slope of Otis Hill are a few bowlders which
call for particular notice from the fact that they are of granite
and that no rock of this kind occurs north of the hill less than
fifteen miles distant. The ice therefore must have transported
them at least as far as that and possibly very much farther.

There is a bowlder now to be seen in what was once an exten-
sive kame hill known as Cobb's Bank, which is fast disappearing
by being dug away. The bowlder projects from the face of the cliff

The Geology of Hingham.

67

and shows the more from its color contrasting strongly with that
of the surrounding material. It is of deep-red granite. Its front
face measures about eight feet across horizontally, is six feet high,
and the upper surface from the front to the cliff which holds it is
six feet. It probably does nut extend much farther back into the
gravel, as this slopes from the rear to the front so as to give it
support without such extension. As bowlders of this size are
very rarely found in kame deposits, it has much interested geolo-
gists. See Figure No. 6.

Figure No. 6.

One of the most interesting bowlders to visit in this neighbor-
hood, though just beyond the town limits, may well be mentioned
here. It is to be found on the left side of Derby Street, a short
distance from the line that divides South Weymouth from Hing-
ham. It is upon a high rock declivity where it was deposited by
the ice many thousands of years ago, and where it will remain as

68

History of Hingham.

many thousands more in all probability, unless vandal hands of
man shall disturb its long repose. See Figure No. 7.

Figure No. 7.

At Huit's Cove, on laud formerly belonging to General Benja-
min Lincoln, is a large bowlder of conglomerate, somewhat rec-
tangular in form, which is about fifteen feet long, eight feet wide,
and ten feet high. A measurement around its sides and end-;
UTive a circumference of about 48 feet.

RECENT PERIOD.

Little can be said of the immediate effect of the great change
that ushered in the earlier era of this period, a change arising, so
far as can be now known, by the re-elevation of the land from the
Arctic Circle south to about the latitude of Northern Massachu-
setts. This rise of the land has been before mentioned, and fig-
ures showing the degree of elevation at various points have been
given. The magnitude of this was such as to have produced un-
doubtedly a much colder climate over the country even far south
of New England, and to this was probably due the destruction of
the huge animals that had for nges roamed over the Continent
from its most southern limits to the Arctic region.

In Europe two eras of this period have been recognized, — the
first characterized by a second advance of the Glacial sheet,

The Geology of Hingham. 69

which led man)r Arctic species of animals to extend themselves
south to the Mediterranean, among them the reindeer, and this
era has hence been called the Reindeer Era, while the latter part
of the period has been called the Modern Era.

As there has been no evidence produced showing a second ad-
vance of the Glacier in America such distinction does not apply
here. We will embrace therefore what is further to be said under
the heading of the Modern Era.

MODERN ERA.

Before limiting remarks to what appertains alone to the terri-
tory of Hingham, it may be well to express a few words here upon
changes of the era that have occurred in other regions, and which
are of general interest.

Among such changes may be instanced those that have taken
place by elevation and depression of the earth's surface. It has
been demonstrated by investigations made for the government of
Sweden that the coasts of that country and of Finland have been
slowly rising for the past one or two centuries. On the other
hand, as is well known, a slow subsidence has been going on in
Greenland during the past four centuries, for hundreds of miles
along the coast, where in places the buildings of the early inhabi-
tants have been found submerged.

The Geologist of New Jersey. Mr. G. II. Cook, became satisfied
from his investigations that a slow depression of the surface along
the coasts of that State, and also along the coasts of Eong Island
and Martha's Vineyard, had been in progress since the occupation
of the country by the white man.

An immense subsidence has been taking place over a large area
of the Pacific Ocean which has carried beneath the waves hun-
dreds of islands to the depth of thousands of feet. These in-
stances are only given as indications of changes that are occurring
extensively over perhaps a large portion of the globe.

The extinction of species of life has been going on during this
era as in earlier periods, accelerated undoubtedly by the agency
of man. The cases of the Eodo and of the Solitaire in the islands
of the Indian Ocean, of the Dinornis of New Zealand, of the
^Epyornis of Madagascar, and of the Great Auk of the North Sea,
and of the coasts of Labrador, Maine, and Massachusetts, may be
cited among birds.

A noted instance of destruction tending fast to extinction is
that of the noble animal of the western wilds, the Bison. At the
time of the settlement of the country by the white man, immense
herds roamed over territory extending from Mexico far north into
British America, and from the Rocky Mountains east to the At-
lantic, nearly or quite all of which have been annihilated, not so
much by the reasonable requirements of civilization as by the

70 History of H Ingham.

brutality of such as find sport in wanton slaughter of their unre-
sisting victims, that they may boast of the numbers slain by their
skill and prowess.

Of vegetable species, some of the noblest are doomed to destruc-
tion through the cupidity and recklessness of man. Of the early
extinction of that giant of the California forests, the Sequoia, or
Redwood, Dr. Asa Gray expressed himself as certain.

We will now dwell upon the phenomena of the Modern Era of
the Recent Period as presented in Hingham. At its advent vegeta-
ble and animal life had spread over the surface, and the land was
again undoubtedly clothed with verdure. In the low and swampy
grounds peat-producing plants had extended themselves, while
upon all the higher elevations shrubs and trees had sprung up
and covered the earth with dense forests, under the shadow of
which the gentle deer and other herbivorous species found suste-
nance and safe retreats, and where, too, carnivorous beasts, the
bear, the wolf, and others sought their prey.

Notwithstanding the fact stated that since the re-elevation of
the land that ushered in the Recent Period, it has remained very
nearly stationary, yet there is much to show change, — mostly,
however, caused by irruption of the sea and consequent destruction
of barriers that protected the land from the waters. Within the
memory of the writer a considerable body of peaty matter, sev-
eral feet in thickness, rested upon the land below high-water
mark in Huit's Cove, which of course was formed there when its
whole area was an inland swamp.

Many Hingham people will remember the peat swamp cut
through between WTeir River Village and Hull Street when Rock-
land Street was laid out and made, and particularly the huge
trunks of trees that were found in the peat, some of which may
yet be seen along the margin of the road. This whole territory
had long been inundated with salt water at high tide, but it needs
no argument to show that this could not have been so when the
locality was congenial for the growth and development of the
plants that formed the peat and the trees that flourished there.

It would be interesting to fix the time when man first appeared
in this locality, but this can never be known. It may be sur-
mised, however, that it was not long after the commencement of
the Modern Era, as he certainly existed upon the continent, and
primitive man naturally made his home on the borders of rivers
and about the inlets of the ocean, because of the nutriment easily
obtained from the waters for his subsistence.

The most that can be learned concerning the earliest inhabi-
tants of the territory of Hingham, must be from the relics found
in their graves, and from the tools and implements they used,
found scattered in the soil, or in shell heaps about their habi-
tations. So far as these have been examined there is no evidence
of the existence of any race preceding the one found here when
the white man first appeared.

The Geology of Hingham. 71

Some account of investigations made to learn more than was
known of the Indians of Hingham, and some mention of chance
discoveries yielding information concerning the animals that were
contemporary with them, will now be given.

REMAINS OF AN EARLY PERIOD FOUND IN

HINGHAM.

In a shell heap on World's End there were found several years
since by Professor Spencer F. Baird, Dr. Thomas M. Brewer, Mr.
Francis W. Brewer, and others, bones of the

Goose Fish, — Lophius piscatorius, Linn.,

Cod, — Gadus collar ins, Linn.,
with many of unknown fishes.

Birds belonging to several species, large and small, but not recogniz-
able.

Deer, — Cariacus virginianus (Bodd), Gray.

Foxes, — Vu/pes vulgaris, pennsylvanicus (Bodd), Coues.

Otter. — Lutra canadensis, Turton.

Red Squirrel, teeth of, — Scinrus hudsonius, Pallas.

Beaver, teeth of, — Castor Jiber, canadensis (Linn.), Allen.

Besides the bones, there were several pieces of pottery orna-
mented by dots and lines.

One deer bone was finely pointed apparently for use as an awl.
The most of these relics were found on beds of charcoal.

As the Indian went no farther for food than he could help, it
may reasonably be inferred that the animals whose bones are men-
tioned were found in the immediate neighborhood.

In 1868 Professor Spencer F. Baird, Professor Jeffries Wyman,
Mr. Fearing Burr, Dr. Thomas M. Brewer, and others, including
the writer, joined in a party for the purpose of exploration at a
known burial-place of the aborigines on the slope of Atlantic
Hill near Nantasket Beach. The hill had been much duo: awav
for roadways, and bones had been frequently found there with
other relics, such as broken pottery, axes, chisels, etc.

From what had been obtained by previous parties, and from
what little was procured by the persons above-mentioned, it was
manifest that the burials were comparatively recent. The best
evidence that the locality was used as a place of sepulture since
the advent of the white man, was the fact that among undoubted
specimens of aboriginal art were quite as undoubted specimens of
the skill of the European, notably in fragments of brass imple-
ments such as kettles or pans. Wishing if possible to examine a
burial-field where evidence of greater antiquity would be conclu-
sive, the party proceeded to the slope of a declivity, facing south
towards Weir River Bay, where numerous circular depressions on

72 History of Hingham.

the surface indicated the ancient graves of the Indian. The
writer will confess to a feeling somewhat repulsive as we com-
menced digging open the resting-places of the dead and exposing
their remains to the rude gaze of the alien race that had sup-
planted them in the land the}- loved. This feeling did not how-
ever last long, after finding that there were but few human remains
to be disturbed ; for nearly all that had composed their corporeal
forms in life, the flesh, the sinews, and the bones, had alike been,
for a long period perhaps, resolved into their original elements,
leaving but few traces behind. There was not found in the first
grave opened a single relic of humanity. Much more care was
taken in opening the second, the earth being very thinly scraped
away as excavation was made downwards, every ounce being
closely examined.

In this one, strange to say, a part of the occiput of a skull was
soon disinterred, which, however, was t >o far gone for preserva-
tion, and some inches below, teeth of the body that had been
placed here ; but not another bone or part of a bone of the whole
skeleton. All had disappeared. The burial posture of the dead
had been a sitting one, as shown by the fact that at a proper dis-
tance from the surface there was found a collection of shells, all
of which had been undoubtedly placed about the person in the
posture stated.

The investigators had indeed come upon the resting-place, with-
out doubt, of such as had lived and died before, and perhaps long
before, the foot of the white man impressed itself upon the soil.

In swampy land brought under cultivation by Mr. John R. Brewer
on the margin of Weir River a pair of deer's antlers and several
rib bones were dug up. The corrugation on the antlers and the
basal ring is perfect; the antlers measure in circumference 2|
inches, and though the tips and prongs are broken off, their
length on the outside curve is 11 inches.

At another locality on Mr. Brewer's land not far from the foot
of Martin's Lane, there was dug from low mendow-hmd, formerly
a swamp, a pair of antlers attached to a part of the skull.

A pine cone and several stone implements were found in the
same ground not far distant.

The writer has thought it well to state what little he has con-
cerning the North American Indian in Hingham, confining himself
simply to the fact of his existence upon these shores in the modern
era, at a somewhat remote period before the occupancy of the
white man, and incidentally mentioning some of the implements
used by him in obtaining sustenance, as well as some of the ani-
mals that were contemporary with him. What else relates to him.
his life in war and in peace, what his association with our fathers,
and through what causes he disappeared from the land, — all this
belongs to the historian of human events, and it is hoped that he
will be able to glean from records of the past much that yet re-
mains unknown.

The Geology of H Ingham. 73

Let us emphasize to our minds some of the changes in tin*
past that we may the mure readily appreciate their surprising
character.

Those who have followed the writer in his attempt to portray
past events in the history of this locality have been led 1o contem-
plate it, at first, only as an undistinguished part of a molten globe
wheeling with immense velocity through space about its parent
sun, and gradually through countless ages cooling and tending to-
wards consolidation.

A second view, millions of years later, though immensely remote
in the past from our own period, presents a very different scene.
The earth has become incrustcd and the land and the waters di-
vided ; the atmosphere is hot and murky by exhalations from the
surface ; and corrosive rains descend upon the primeval rocks, dis-
integrating their substance and washing it into the waters, where
it is forming the first sedimentary strata of the planet.

There is no life discernible, for conditions favorable to life do
not exist on the gradually developing world.

The third striking view in the order of events long after pre-
sents the dry land of our territory limited to the area where now
arc found the granitic rocks, and this land borders waters of an
extensive basin, in which is being slowly deposited the sediment
of rivers, and upon this sediment, which is of clayey matter may be
seen moving forms of life ; for the Period is the Primordial, and
trilobites abound in great numbers along the coast margin in its
shallow waters.

The next view is yet more striking ; for the whole surface of the
land bordering the basins along the coast of the territory now of
H high am and Nantasket is disturbed by violent igneous action, and
volcanoes in active operation are pouring from their craters vast
floods of lava over large areas of the surface.

Many, very many millions of years more elapse before another
glimpse is vouchsafed of this locality. Its characteristics arc not
distinctly seen, but by a clear view of the landscape of the neigh-
borhood and over a vast portion of the land, we recognize that
they could not differ from those of the other regions. It is in the
great Carboniferous Period, and tropical heat prevails even to the
Arctic. The air is heavy with carbon, and gigantic trees and
other plants, of a character now known only in the Torrid Zone,
grow profusely over the surface.

The next view presented is the marvellous one that has been
dwelt upon, that of ice covering not only this territory but extend-
ing from the Arctic Circle, far south and east, into the waters of the
Atlantic, there dropping off icebergs as is now the case from the
margins of the great ice-sheet of Greenland.

We take another and a last retrospective view of the locality
destined to be our abode. It is in the early part of the present
era. Vegetable and animal life have again spread over the ter-
ritorv. The Indian roams in the forests hunting deer and other

74 History of Hingham.

animals, and he fishes from his bark canoe in the same waters
where are now found the boat and the rod of the white man.

A panorama truly of wonderful scenes, such as well may stagger
belief in minds not accustomed to geological research, but which
in the main can be as satisfactorily demonstrated as any events in
human progress.

If such contemplations incline us to dwell upon the insignifi-
cance of Man, we have only to turn our thoughts to his great
achievements to be astonished by their grandeur. Compared with
the universe of matter, he is indeed, physically, but as a grain
of sand, or a mote in the sunbeam, to a revolving world ; but as
an intellectual and conscious being, he is more than all the mate-
rial universe, in the great creation of God. Atom as he is on
the earth he inhabits, time and space alike yield to him secrets
unrevealed, so far as known, to other created intelligence.

He turns over the strata of the earth as leaves of a book ;
reads the record of thousands and millions of years, and the his-
tory of the world he stands on is known to him. He directs his
thoughts to the distant spheres in the infinitude of space, he weighs
them as in a balance, he measures them, and their weight and size
are alike revealed to him. He even asks of them their composi-
tion, and lo ! they answer in letters of light on an instrument of
his handiwork. He studies their motions and the velocities of
their movements, and predicts with unerring certainty where in
the canopy of the heavens they will be found long after his own
mortal being shall have crumbled to dust. Well may he exclaim :
" Thou hast indeed made man but little lower than the angels.
Feeble and weak though he be, yet as the creature of Thy hand,
endowed with power to comprehend something of Thy works, by
no means to be despised."

MINERALOGY.

BY THOMAS T. BOUVK

In view of erroneous ideas prevalent in the minds of many, a
few remarks of a general character concerning minerals may not
be out of place.

It should be understood that mineral bodies are not limited to
those of a stony nature, but that they embrace everything of an
inorganic character that is found within or at the surface of the
earth. This definition therefore includes not only all Rocks,
Pebbles, Sands, and Clays, but even Water, and the Gases that
form the atmosphere. Temperature alone determines the condi-
tion of inorganic bodies so far as relates to their being Solid, Liq-
uid, or Gaseous ; and at a low degree Ice is as much a rock as is
Granite or any other solid earthy material. Raise the tempera-
ture enough and all matter becomes Liquid or Gaseous. No one
but admits Quicksilver to be a metal because at the ordinary
temperature of the atmosphere it remains a fluid.

Not an uncommon thing is it to meet persons who think that
stones grow like organized beings ; and often this view is supposed
by them to be fully demonstrated by the statement that after plow-
ing a field and picking out, as they believe, about all the stones
in the soil, they find quite as many as they first did when again
plowing the same field a few years later. It is difficult sometimes
to convince such persons that they are wrong. Of course there is
no such thing as inward development of a stone, as is the case
with organic life, and there is no possibility of a pebble or other
rock mass in the soil adding one atom to its substance. There is
often enlargement, where a rock is forming by accretion, as when
hot waters containing carbonate of lime deposit it on that already
formed, or when mountain rivulets that have taken up iron from
decomposing rocks in their course, deposit this from time to time
as a bog ore in marshy grounds. So in caverns, waters saturated
with carbonate of lime dripping into them from above, form
stalactites and stalagmites, slowly constructing the beautiful
columns that are seen in the Mammoth, the Luray, and many other
caves of our country.

76 History of Hingham.

In all these cases it may in a sense be called growth, but there
is no relation between it and the growth of animals and plants.
It is increase by additions to the surface.

Thus far mineral bodies have been mentioned. The rocks of the
earth are generally composed of aggregations of minerals, as
Granite, of Quartz, Orthoclase, and Mica ; and Diorite, of Oligoclase
and Hornblende.

Let us now consider briefly what a mineral species is.

A mineral is a homogeneous, inorganic substance, either simple
in containing but one element, as Sulphur, Carbon, Gold, Iron,
Copper, Quicksilver, and the other native metals, or a compound
of elements which have been united bv laws as immutable as those
that govern the motions of the planets, or any others that act in
the universe. To recognize this clearly is to awaken an interest
in inorganic matter that tends to enlarge one's conceptions of the
whole material world. The writer will refer to one or two mineral
bodies as illustrations of the law of combinations.

Quartz is a compound of two elements, Silicon and Oxygen,
united in the proportion of three atoms of Oxygen to one of Sili-
con, and these proportions never vary. The resultant substance,
Quartz, or pure Silica, can and does unite as an acid with very
many bases, which in relation to it act as alkalies, forming the
greater portion of all known minerals ; and these unions are
always governed by the law of definite proportions.

Take Carbon. This appears as a native mineral in the Dia-
mond ; but it appears also combined with Oxygen, forming Car-
bonic Acid, in the proportion of one atom of Carbon to two of
Oxygen. This Carbonic Acid, in its turn, unites with a large
number of basic substances, forming carbonates of Iron, Copper,
and very many others, always in definite proportions. Nothing
more can be said here of the chemical unions by which minerals
are produced ; but something must be added relative to the law
of crystallization, by which particles of the mineral as formed are
drawn together, and led to arrange themselves in crystals such
as we see in nature. No one can behold these beautiful objects
without admiration, and this is greatly increased in those who
know something of the forces which lead to their development.
Crystals of the mineral species have been rightly characterized
as the flowers of the inorganic world. To have some idea of their
formation, let the reader's mind consider the phenomena attend-
ing the cooling of a hot saturated solution of any salt. As the
water loses its heat, the particles of salt, in forming, will at once
by attraction be drawn together, and the molecules will arrange
themselves by the law of crystallization in well-defined forms, —
if common salt, in cubes ; if alum, in octahedrons. If the water
contains several salts, one will be found generally to have a ten-
dency to crystallize before the others, and may be thus formed
about any substance placed in the solution ; and subsequently crys-

Mineralogy. 77

tals of the others will form upon the first and adhere to it, and
these in turn will have others added to them.

Let us now consider what has heen going on in nature. Fis-
sures have been formed, by earthquake action or otherwise, extend-
ing upwards through the rocky strata ; and the hot waters of
thermal springs, holding in solution mineral elements dissolved
from the rocks in deep recesses of the earth, have risen upwards,
and losing more or less of their heat as they passed through the
colder rocks towards the surface, have deposited minerals upon
the. walls, one species often succeeding another. Thus were de-
posited the magnificent crystallizations of Quartz, Fluor Spar,
Galena, Carbonate of Lime, and other species from Cumberland and
Derbyshire in Great Britain, specimens of which may be seen in
the Hingham Public Library.

Minerals are not only found to have been produced in liquid
solutions containing their elements, but they are also produced
whenever a molten condition of matter allows of the free move-
ment of its particles ; consequently the elements of an igneous
rock, as they cool in coming to the surface, will tend to aggre-
gate themselves according to their chemical affinities, and to
arrange themselves in crystals ; but the cooling being generally too
rapid for this, we have, as in granite, only an aggregation of im-
perfect crystals.

With these very general remarks upon minerals, intended only
as a very partial presentation of the matter, the writer will call
attention to the few that are found in Hingham. The larger
portion of these have been already mentioned in the Geology
of the town as constituents of the rocks, namely, Quartz, Mica,
Hornblende, Augite, Orthoclase, and Oligoclase.

Quartz may be otherwise referred to than as a component part
of a rock, as it appears forming veins in every part of the town ;
and in cavities of these veins have been found some beautiful but
small crystals of Amethyst, which is a variety of Quartz.

Jasper, another variety of the same mineral species, is found
at Rocky Neck, as stated in the Geology of that locality.

Other minerals, not of the Quartz family, are —

Pyrite (Sulphide of Iron), which often appears in small cubic
crystals in the Trap rocks.

Chalcopyrite (Sulphide of Copper), which has been found dis-
seminated in a vein of Quartz.

Molybdenite (Sulphide of Molybdenum), observed in small scales
in granite blasted from a ledu-e on the line of the Nantasket Rail-
road, near Weir River.

Epidotc, often found at and near the junction of Trap with
Granite, sometimes exhibiting slight crystallization. It also
occurs, of an impure character, in veins at Rocky Neck.

Calcite (Carbonate of Lime), found in digging a ditch on the
line of and near Burton's Lane, where some rock was blasted

78 History of Hingham.

below the surface having veins of Calcite. Specimens may be
seen in the Geological Collection of the Public Library. One of
them is a good example of vein structure. The rock is a decom-
posed Diabase. Calcite is also found as pebbles in the Conglom-
erate rock of Huit's Cove.

Limonite (Bog Iron Ore), which has been dug up in consider-
able masses from the low land of Mr. Francis W. Brewer, near
Great Hill. Specimens of this may be seen in the collection of
the Public Library.

It may be confidently stated that there are no indications of
mineral deposits in any part of the town that would justify
exploration.

NOTES ON ANIMAL LIFE.

BY THOMAS T. BOUVE.

There was in the minds of many people o'f the town a desire
that not only its geology and botany should be presented in the
proposed history, but that an account of its animal life should be
given. The full accomplishment of such an undertaking would
have required the labor of a large corps of naturalists many years,
and the expense would have been enormous. To do this was
therefore impracticable.

Inasmuch, however, as considerable changes have been going on
in the fauna of the territory within the present century, and more
may be expected in the future, the writer, to meet the probable
wishes of the living as well as those of future generations who
may seek to know what forms of life have been and passed away,
has thought it desirable to mention a few that were contemporary
with the inhabitants of the town in a past period and are not now
to be found, or which were common and are now seldom seen.
The rare visits of some species never resident here will also be
alluded to.

So far as relates to marine life a few general remarks mav not
be superfluous before referring to any species that live or have
lived in the waters of the harbor.

The encircling arm of Hull as it stretches itself far out in the
ocean from the main land, shelters the harbor of the town from
the heavy seas that often prevail outside that barrier, and thus
exerts a considerable influence upon its fauna and flora, inasmuch
as many forms of life, both animal and vegetable, which naturally
exist in the sands and upon the exposed rocks of the open sea,
find no home in the more placid waters within. While this influ-
ence is generally of a character to lessen the number of species
of invertebrate animals and of marine plants found on the shores
of the town, it may also be said that some few are protected that
would perish if exposed to the full action of the storms that strike
the outer coast. The results are that very few of the mollusks
which strew the beach at Nantasket after a storm have ever been
found within the limits of the harbor of Hingham. On the other

80 History of Hlngham.

hand, without the sheltering protection of the headlands of the
harbor on the east, the common clam, which has been of inesti-
mable value alike to savage and civilized man, would have been
comparatively unknown. This and other species of the lower
forms of life will be more particularly referred to after mention-
ing- some of the higher that are or have been known in the
harbor.

Animals living in the water will first be mentioned.

'8

MAMMALS.

Perhaps it may surprise many who read these pages to learn
that among the visitors to the harbor which have within quite
recent periods entered it, may be included at least three species
of the highly organized type of the mammalia, and particularly
to be informed that one of these was of that family now so rarely
seen west of Cape Cod, the Whale. Yet not many years since,
within the memory of the living, one of these huge monsters of
the deep, after amusing himself for a day or two just outside the
boundary limits of the town, and around Bunkin Island, actually
proceeded to enter and to pursue his way up the circuitous chan-
nel. No sooner was this observed than a body of hardy citizens,
duly prepared for encounter and inspired by a love of adventure,
possibly by a desire for spoil, boldly but cautiously, as may well
be surmised, ventured to go down the channel and approach him.
Appreciating intuitively, no doubt, if he did not fully understand,
the maxim of Shakspeare "that the better part of valor is dis-
cretion," the whale quietly turned and went to sea.

Another species of the mammalia and one quite common in
Massachusetts Bay, the Porpoise, used formerly to frequently
enter the harbor and sport in its waters. The effect of steam
navigation has led to such visitations becoming rare. The writer
has seen from the Hingham steamboat, some lifty years since, on
the passage to Boston, a great number of these animals crossing
and rccrossing before the bows of the vessel, apparently in sport,
and this pastime was continued for a considerable time.

The third and last of the three marine mammals referred to as
entering our harbor is the Seal, an animal of such highly sensitive
organism and superior intelligence as to call for particular notice,
especially as many reside with us during all but the severe winter
months. They are observed with great interest by the thousands
of passengers who pass in the steamers through the islands of the
town, resting upon the rocky shores in full confidence that they
will not be harmed. When unmolested they will repose them-
selves not far distant from man, and will not move except upon
his quite near approach.

Taken in captivity they become, like a dog, quite attached to
those about them, and will not willingly be parted from them.

Notes on Animal Life. 81

Kept as pets for a time, individuals have become so fond of per-
sons about them as to manifest great uneasiness upon being re-
stored to their native element, and have been known to work
themselves over a considerable surface of land in order to re-
join their captors. A vessel on which was a captured young seal
has been known to be followed a great distance by the frantic
mother, suffering from the loss of her offspring. Surely, animals
with affection and sensibility quite equalling man's, and having
the great intelligence which they are known to possess, merit
and should receive all the protection which has been accorded
to those of their number who have trusted themselves to the
hospitality of the neighborhood.

FISHES.

The fishes of Massachusetts Bay have been admirably described
and beautifully illustrated by Dr. D. Humphreys Storer in his " His-
torv of the Fishes of Massachusetts." It is reasonable to suppose
that individuals of very many of the species sometimes enter the
harbor. Indeed one of the citizens, Mr. Charles B. Barnes, who
has fished in its waters as much perhaps as any one living, and
the accuracy of whose observations can be relied upon, has recog-
nized a very large number of fish that have been caught by him
and others within the limits of Hingham through the descriptions
given in that work.

A few wrords concerning the Smelt, that the future inhabitants
of the town may know how greatly their predecessors were blessed
by the abundance of this delicious lish. The number caught by
hook and line in the harbor is very large, supplying the tables of
most of the inhabitants in the fall months, and furnishing great
quantities for the Boston market. During the right season numer-
ous boats are always to be seen with parties engaged in fishing,
while on the wharf margins, rows of men and boys may be ob-
served intent upon drawing in the coveted prey. No idea can be
given of the number taken during a season.

MOLLUSKS.

The Mollusks of the harbor are few in species, but fortunately
for the town, the most highly prized member of them all, the
Common Clam (My a arenaria, L. ), is exceedingly abundant. There
can be no doubt, judging by the clam-shell heaps near the shores,
that this species contributed largely towards the sustenance of the
Indian when he alone occupied the territory ; and if in the present
period it is not so absolutely necessary to sustain the life of the
white man, it yet affords a luxurious repast for his table, and fur-
nishes the material for hundreds of clam-bakes for the summer
parties that daily visit the watering places. The number taken along

vol. I. — 6

82 History of Hint /ham.

the beaches of our coast, including those of the islands, is enor-
mous, and has been estimated at upward of a thousand bushels
during a season.

The Razor Fish is mentioned because of its great rarity and the
likelihood of its not being much longer found within the harbor.
A fine specimen discovered near the shore was recently presented
to the writer by Mr. F. W. Brewer.

One other species will be mentioned because formerly found
along the shores, although now no longer so, having become ex-
tinct within the territory of the town. This is the Scallop Shell
{Pecten concentricus, Say.). The fact of the shells of this species
being objects of beauty has undoubtedly led to the animals being
taken wherever found by the clam-diggers, and as they have an-
nually turned over almost every foot of the muddy coast, the ex-
termination of the scallop shell has followed.

CRUSTACEA.

The Crustacea of the harbor until within a few years included
the Lobster, but it is now doubtful if any are to be found within
its limits. The Common Crab, the Fiddler Crab, the Hermit
Crab, and the species known to all visitors to the shores as the
Horse Shoe are not uncommon. That most valuable bait for
smelt and other fish, the Shrimp, is found in the shallow pools.

To the above brief notes upon some of the forms of life observed
in the waters of the town a few will now be given upon species
found upon the land.

MAMMALS.

By the bones found in the peat-bogs of the town we know that
the Deer was an inhabitant in an early period. How late he
remained such is unknown. As where these animals exist Wolves
always hover about, it is fair to presume that they also found here
an abode. It is certain that Beaver were once numerous alone
the streams, and there is no reason to doubt that the Bear like-
wise found a congenial home in the territory. These have prob-
ably passed away never to return. There are, however, some
wild species of the mammalia, that were common in more re-
cent years, and which after apparently becoming extinct have
reappeared, sometimes in considerable numbers. Such has been
the case with the Raccoon. This animal, commonly called the
Coon, has at times suddenly manifested its presence in locali-
ties of the town by depredations where it had not been known for
many years.

In 1882 Mr. Jacob Corthell, on Leavitt Street, lost many chick-
ens undoubtedly by this animal, as about the same time four

Notes on Animal Life. 83

young coons were treed by his dog, and the parent subsequently
shot. Two of the young were kept a year after.

Mr. Charles B. Barnes, to whom the writer is indebted for much
information concerning wild animals of the land as well as of
fishes, says that when young he trapped a coon in the woods
between Old Colony Hill and Weir River, and shot the mate in a
high tree near.

In the winter of 1885-86 coons appeared in considerable num-
bers, and many were killed, especially in Hingham Centre. One
was trapped near the house of the writer in the following spring.

Mr. Israel Whitcomb, who is a good observer, and much inter-
ested in the animal life of the town, states that raccoons are
by no means so rare in the woods between Hingham Centre and
Cohasset as generally supposed. He has known more than twenty
to be killed in a single season.

Foxes were quite numerous half a century ago. Large parties
of hunters with dogs were accustomed once or twice a year to
scour the woods in the lower part of the town and drive them
toward and beyond Planters' Hill across the bar that connects
World's End with it, when, escape being cut off, they were readily
killed.

Mr. Francis W. Brewer informs the writer that in the spring
of 1882 a fox had a hole in a meadow near his father's house, in
which were its young.

There are yet undoubtedly many foxes living in the woods of
the eastern and southern sections of the town.

The Mink, a pest of the poultry-yard, is unfortunately quite com-
mon, and often manifests its destructive propensities to the great
annoyance of and considerable cost to the farmer. In the summer
of 1882 five hens were killed in one night in a hen-house on Mr.
John R. Brewer's estate, Martin's Lane, by minks, one of which
was trapped the following night, and another shot a few days
afterwards.

Mr. Israel Whitcomb, of Union Street, also lost during a night
of the last season a considerable number of chickens by a visita-
tion of this animal.

The Weasel is another blood-thirsty visitor of the poultry-yard,
but is comparatively much more rare than the Mink.

The Otter, now extinct in the town, has not been so more than
half a century. Mr. Charles B. Barnes remembers one that years ago
frequented the swamp, not far from his home on Summer Street
during a season, and he has known of others being seen in
Hingham.

84 History of Hingham.

The Musk-Rat is yet common in the town, and is found along
slow-running streams. Many are yearly trapped in the vicinity of
Weir River.

Rabbits are yet frequently met with in the wooded parts of the
town, but are less numerous than formerly.

Of the squirrel tribe the little striped one known as the Chip-
munk, and the Red Squirrel arc very common, the former
sometimes being so numerous as to become troublesome. One
season, when exceedingly abundant on the farm of the writer,
they acquired the habit of burrowing holes in ripe fruit such as
melons and pears, to obtain the seeds.

The Red Squirrel is often quite mischievous. Mr. F. W. Brewer
mentions that one caused constant vexation during a whole sea-
son to a large Newfoundland dog, by descending from trees at
every favorable opportunity, and stealing his food. Like the gray
squirrel, the red will sometimes rob birds' nests of the eggs and
the young.

The Gray Squirrel is often seen in the autumn months grace-
fully Floating, as it were, from tree to tree as he passes through
the forest.

The little Flying Squirrel probably yet exists in Hingham,
though none have been reported as seen for several years.

BIRDS.

Of birds nothing will be said respecting those that are well
known, and usually during a part of the year find a home in the
town. Upon some species formerly abundant and now but occa-
sionally seen, and upon the visitation of others rarely found in
the region, a few remarks may be interesting.

It is but a few years since there existed in the woods of the
low, swampy ground between Old Colony Hill and Weir River an
extensive heronry. When first known to the writer the nests of
the birds might be seen upon almost every tall tree, high in the
air over acres of ground. The species was the Night Heron.

When the forest was cut through that Rockland Street mi slit
be laid out, the colony that had perhaps existed there for hun-
dreds of years was disturbed, but not broken up. Attachment to
the locality, notwithstanding its exposure to increasing annoyance
from gunners and others, kept the birds there for years after, but
they finally departed in a body and were seen no more. There
are undoubtedly some inhabiting the town, as they are heard
uttering the peculiar sound that has led to the common name
given them of Qua-birds, when flying at the approach of night
towards the shores to obtain their accustomed food.

Of several species of birds now becoming more and more rare,
Mr. F. W. Brewer has expressed much in a communication to the

Notes on Animal Life. 85

writer which is of interest. He states that the Great Blue Heron
used formerly to visit the Hats of the harbor, but that he has not
seiMi one for several years, and that the Green Heron, which was
often observed there, now appears but seldom. He further stated
that this last mentioned bird used to nest in Jacob Loud's woods,
and that in 1883 a nest was found back of Mr. Keeshan's house
near the foot of Pear-tree hill.

After a violent and long-continued northeast storm in the spring
of 1872 a considerable number of Little Auks were driven upon
the coast by the severity of the gale. All of them seemed ex-
hausted, and they could easily be knocked down with a stick.

Mr. W. S. Brewer saw them singly and in small flocks of five
or six. Several were picked up at different localities dead or in a
dying condition. The same gentleman saw two at the edge of the
water on Nantasket Beach in 1886, and procured one of them.
Thus it appears that this interesting bird may be expected to
appear at times on our shores after severe gales from the ocean.

The Wild Pigeon, formerly a visitor in large Hocks, is now sel-
dom seen. A pair came into the hen-yard on Mr. J. R. Brewer's
farm about four years ago, and not far from that time a small
number were seen upon a tree on Summer Street.

The Carolina Pigeon, or Turtle-Dove, is rarely met with in
Massachusetts, but it has been seen in Hingham at least twice
within two or three years, once by Mr. Israel Whitcomb in the
southern part of the town, and once by Mr. W. S. Brewer, near
Martin's Lane.

As in the case of the Turtle-Dove, the Indigo Bird, though ex-
ceedingly rare, has been seen within a year or two both hy Mr.
Israel Whitcomb in the southern part of the town, and by Mr.
W. S. Brewer at Martin's Well.

The last bird to.be noticed is the Scarlet Tanager. Though
rarely seen, this very beautiful species unquestionably nests and
breeds every year in Hingham. Choosing generally its abode in
some deep forest away from the habitations of man, it is but
seldom exposed to observation, as its shyness makes it cautious
when visitors approach its precincts. There is exception to this
when the young first leave the nest. The male then seems to
lose all fear for himself in his solicitude to protect and to supply
food for the young, which he does with the utmost assiduity. On
this point the writer will quote some remarks from Nuttall, the
celebrated ornithologist : • —

" So attached to his new interesting brood is the Scarlet Tana-
ger that he has been known at all hazards to follow for half a

86 History of Hingham.

mile one of his young, submitting to feed it attentively through
the bars of a cage, and with a devotion which despair could not
damp, roost by it in the branches of the same tree with its prison.
So strong, indeed, is this innate and heroic feeling that life itself
is less cherished than the desire of aiding and supporting his
endearing progeny."

As most of our birds are known to suffer intensely in being-
deprived of their young, it would seem that the recital of such a
case as that given should lead to a feeling of more interest than
is always manifested in protecting our native species from cruel
molestation.

It is pleasant to add that in the instance mentioned, of the
young Tanager followed and tended by the courageous parent, the
heart of the person having it in charge was so moved by the ex-
hibition of parental devotion, that the cage was opened after four
days, and the young set free. Happily reunited, parent and off-
spring flew into the deep woods.

The Tanager in some rare instances has been known to build
its nest near the residence of man, when this has stood near the
border of a forest.

The body of the male is scarlet-red, and the wings and tail are
black in the pairing season. In the autumn he becomes, like the
female and young, of a dull green color.

The Tanager is but for a short time a resident in the North,
arriving about the middle of May, and leaving for his tropical
home verv earlv in August.

THE BOTANY OF HINGHAM.

BY THOMAS T. BOUVE.

PRELIMINARY REMARKS.

In presenting to the public an account of the plants of Hing-
ham, the writer desires to express his great indebtedness to sev-
eral persons, without whoso aid the work of collecting specimens
and identifying them could not have been accomplished in the
short time allowed for its completion. Especially would he state
that without the active co-operation of his esteemed friend Mr.
Charles J. Sprague, many plants of our flora would undoubtedly
have remained unknown, and certainly no attempt would have been
made to include the Grasses or the Carices in the list of species.
He gratefully acknowledges his indebtedness to the Misses Ellen
and Isabel Lincoln, by whose zeal and intelligent assistance a
considerable number of the plants enumerated were discovered
within the town limits, and to Mr. Fearing Burr, Mr. I. Wilbur
Lincoln, and Mr. Henry C. Cushiug also for valuable aid.

It is to be regretted that the botanists of Hingham whose inves-
tigations preceded those of the writer, Mr. James S. Lewis, Mr.
Fearing Burr, and others, did not prepare and preserve herbaria
for their own study, and for the service of those who should follow
them. The Rev. John Lewis Russell was the only one who
appears to have preserved the plants he obtained ; but he made
such disposal of his collections, to different parties in distant
places, as to make it practically impossible to examine more than
a very few of the specimens found by him in Hingham.

The list of plants as presented includes but very few that have
not been collected by the writer, or by those referred to who have
aided him. Those that have not come under his own eye and
study have been admitted on the high authority of the Rev. Mr.
Russell and Mr. Fearing Burr. Plants found in the immediate
neighboring towns, even but a few feet from the boundary line,
but not within it, have been rigorously excluded.

Some reasons why many plants occurring in not far distant
localities find no home in Hingham, may be of interest to the
reader. Its climatic conditions, compared with those of other
towns, particularly those of the North Shore, will account for this
in a great degree. Cape Ann has the influence of the cold ocean
currents between the Gulf Stream and the land. Hingham, being

88 History of Hingham.

situated south of a shallow land-locked bay, loses this influence
and has that of the prevalent summer southwest winds which
come from the Gulf Stream. Although possessing a considerable
sea margin on the north, it has no sand beaches, and therefore
several of the peculiar plants of the ocean beaches do not occur
upon its shores. These are stony, or have marsh grasses growing
to the water's edge. Its ponds, excepting Accord Pond upon which
it only partially borders, are all artificial, formed by damming its
streams, and are lined with trees and thickets extending to the
water, leaving no sandy margins like those of the Plymouth and
Weymouth ponds, which afford a home for numerous plants not
to be found in Hingham. A large proportion of the town's area
has been cultivated for centuries and there remain few localities
which have been undisturbed by the hands of man.

It may be asked how thoroughly the task of presenting a
full account of the flowering plants of the town has been ac-
complished, and it will gratify all interested in the subject to
be assured that, though it cannot be asserted that every spe-
cies growing within our borders is included in the list given,
yet it may fairly be stated that the omissions can be but few.
It embraces not only the trees, the shrubs, and the flowering
herbs, including the Grasses and Carices, but also the Equi-
setaceEe (Horsetail Family), the Filices (Ferns), and the Ly-
copodiacea1 (Club-moss Family). The Lichens, the Fungi, and
other Cryptogamous forms have been necessarily omitted, as they
could not have been presented without additional years of inves-
tigation by specialists.

In regions where glacial action has not led to a general mixing
of the earth derived from various geological formations, and where
that from the decayed rocks has been but little disturbed, it is
always interesting to note the influence of the several soils upon
the growth of species. This is so marked as to enable the
student often to recognize the character of the geological forma-
tions beneath the surface by the prevalence of certain trees. This
of course is not the case in Hingham, yet there is much in the
varying character of locations within its limits to influence
greatly the kind of species which will find in them healthy devel-
opment. Some arc found only in salt marshes, others only in
fresh-water swamps and meadows: some only in dry, sandy, or
gravelly localities, others only in rich soils. A large majority
open their petals only in sunny exposures, whereas many expand
their beauties only under the shade of trees or of sheltering rocks.
That nature thus varies her gifts of beauty adds much to the
charm of botanical research in Hingham, diversified as its sur-
face is with hills and dales, with marshes and swamps, with ex-
tensive woods and rocky elevations; for who can wander over its
high lands and its low lands, along its water-courses, and into the
romantic recesses of its forest glens, without being impressed by,
and gladdened with, the beauty spread before him everywhere ?

The Botany of Hingham. 89

There are some species that, without any apparent reason, are
limited to certain localities, rarely being found elsewhere, not-
withstanding circumstances seem equally favorable for their devel-
opment. As among these are several of exceeding beauty and
their extermination in the town would certainly be a calamity,
the writer cannot forbear calling attention to the fact that some
are fast disappearing, and will soon be no longer found in the
town unless care is taken for their preservation. One of these
is that rare plant, bearing one of the most lovely of flowers,
the Fringed Gentian. Unlike the common Blue Gentian, this
delicate species is propagated only by seeds. What, then, must
be the result of a general plucking of the flowers when they
are in bloom, leaving none to mature? Only extermination. And
such plucking has been often done, and bouquets exhibited contain-
ing scores of these flowers, when far better taste would have been
sbown had but few been placed together instead of a multitude.
Animals are not alone in danger of extermination by thoughtless-
ness. The tendency to take plants from their natural habitats
and transplant them into gardens where circumstances have been
less favorable for their existence, has undoubtedly led to the entire
destruction of several species of perennials from our flora. One
of these, the Aselepias tuberosa, has doubtless met such fate. This
plant, one of the most beautiful of all the perennials that adorned
the woods, and always rare, there is reason to believe is now ex-
tinct except in cultivation, as no specimen has been discovered for
several years, after diligent search. It is however given in the
list of species, as it certainly grew in at least two localities, and
may possibly yet exist. Furthermore there is one plant still
living which was transplanted more than twenty years ago from
the woods of South Hingham to the grounds now of Mr. Henry C.
dishing, where it yet may be seen yearly displaying a rich pro-
fusion of its most charming orange-flowers.

There are several other plants that are found in but one or two
localities, which it is hoped may be allowed to remain members
of the flora. One of these is the Sambucus racemosa, L., the Red-
Berried Elder. Another exceedingly rare plant with us is the
Hibiscus Moscheutos, L. (Swamp Rose Mallow.) This is a tall
perennial, with quite large, showy, rose-colored flowers, the corolla
being five inches in diameter. It is found near the salt water, and
but a single plant is known in Hingham.

Yet another species may be mentioned as observed in only one
locality. This is the Lythrum Salicaria, L. The beautiful purple
flowers of this may be seen upon a clump of the plants just at the
edge of the water of Weir River, a short distance below the bridge
on Leavitt Street.

It is not only for the preservation of the exceedingly rare plants
of the town that the writer would plead. Quite as earnestly
would he urge that the transcendent beauty which is often pre-
sented along the sides of our roads, especially of those bordered

90 History of Hingham.

by forest-growth, may be allowed to display itself and gladden
the eyes and heart of the wayfarer. Yearly many of these roads
are adorned with flowers of varied hue, charming to every be-
holder. In the spring the modest Violet, the delicate Anemone,
and the showy Buttercup open their petals to the sight. As the
summer " sun shoots full perfection through the swelling year,"
the Wild Rose, the Eglantine (Sweet brier), the Common Elder,
and many other species display their loveliness and exhale their
fragrance. Then follows autumn, and everywhere there start up
to beautify our highways the many Asters and Golden-rods, and
it is just when these expand in gorgeous loveliness, outrivalling all
that man can produce by the most consummate art, that the de-
stroyer comes and sweeps them away in a day. The writer cannot
too strongly express his regret at the custom of mowing down
every plant that shows a flower through miles of highway, where
this is by no means necessary.

A gentleman of much culture and taste, who had but recently
visited and travelled extensively over England, remarked in con-
versation : " 1 pined when abroad for the sight of wild flowers along
the roads. The bordering grass-plots smoothly shorn to the
hedge-rows became monotonous. I longed for the picturesque
objects that everywhere attract attention here and which serve
so much to interest the mind." The year before this was said,
the writer had passed through the Third Division wood-road,
where was displayed along its borders a profusion of fall flowers,
making the view at many points simply exquisite. Delighted
with the prospect of presenting to his friend a scene so in contrast
with those mentioned, he was taken through the same road that
had been spangled with beauty the previous season, with the hope
that there might be a like display, but it was too late. The scythe
had done its vandal work, and scarcely a flower was left to meet
his eye. There is no desire to criticise in these remarks the work
necessarily done for the convenience of wayfarers, whether on
foot or in vehicles, but only to urge that what no person of taste
would wish to have destroyed may be allowed to live. In the
case referred to it is doubtful if ten persons could be found in the
town who really would regard the devastation an improvement.
Man should not ruthlessly destroy what has been given for his
pleasure and refinement.

In the following list of plants native to or occurring in Hing-
ham, the names have been given in accordance with the recent
edition of Gray's Manual, 1890. There have been numerous
changes since the previous edition of 1848, and the student will
therefore find this harmony with the last edition of great service
to him in the identification of species.

The names of the introduced species are printed in italics, that
they may be thus readily distinguished from those indigenous to
the town.

PH^ENOGAMOUS OR FLOWERING PLANTS.

POLYPETALOUS EXOGENS.

1. RANUNCULACE51. (CROWFOOT FAMILY.)

The Ranunculaceae are mostly natives of cool regions, few-
being found within the tropics, and these generally in elevated
situations.

The leaves are much divided, hence the popular name of crow-
foot applied to some of the species. Flowers both regular and
irregular, — some exhibiting remarkable forms, as those of the
wild Columbine.

Our flora is greatly enriched by plants of this family, and the
fields and groves owe much of their beauty to them. Among
those most common are the Buttercups, spangling the grass with
their golden petals ; the Marsh Marigold of the swamps and wet
meadows ; the Clematis, or Virgin's Bower, gracefully climbing
over bushes in shady thickets, displaying in profusion its beau-
tiful cymes of flowers ; the Wood Anemone, with its delicate
white petals, often tinged with purple ; and the showy wild
Columbine, delighting by its varied hues the visitor to its rocky
recesses.

The Peony, so commonly cultivated in the gardens, belongs
to this family.

Most of the species contain a very acrid juice, rendering them
highly injurious as food, in a fresh state. Fortunately, heat and
dryness deprive the plants of their poisonous character ; otherwise
the cattle would suffer from its effects in partaking of hay from
the pastures. Cooked or dried the species of this town are harm-
less. There are genera, however, having exceedingly poisonous
properties, — such as the Helleborus, the Aconitum, and the Del-
phinium. As species of these are common in gardens under
the names Monkshood, Wolfsbane, Larkspur, and Hellebore, care
should be taken that children do not carry the flowers in their
mouths.

Clematis, L.

Virginiana, L. Virgin's Bower.
Anemone, Tourn.

cylindrica, Gray. Long-fruited Anemone.

Virginiana, L„ Virginian Anemone.

nemorosa, L. Wind-flower. Wood Anemone.

92 History of Hingham.

Hepatica, Dill.

triloba, Chaix. Round-lobed Hepatica.

Anemonella, Spach.

ihalictroides, Spach. Rue Anemone.

Thalictrum, Tourn.

dioicum, L. Early Meadow-rue.
purpuiascens, L. Purplish Meadow-rue.
polygauium, Muhl. Tall Meadow-rue.

Ranunculus, Tourn.

aquatilis, L. var. trichophyllus, Gray. White Water-crowfoot

Cymbalaria, Pursh. Seaside Crowfoot.

abortivus, L. Small-flowered Crowfoot.

abortivus, L. var. micranthus, Gray.

sceleratus, L. Cursed Crowfoot.

Pennsylvanicus, L. f. Bristling Crowfoot.

fascicularis, Muhl. Early Crowfoot.

repens, L. Creeping Crowfoot.

bu/bosus, L. Bulbous Buttercup.

acris, L. Tall Buttercup.

Ficaria, L.

Caltha, L.

palustris, L. Marsh Marigold.

Coptis, Salisb.

trifolia, Salisb. Goldthread.

Aquilegia, Tourn.

Canadensis, L. Columbine.
Actaea, L.

alba, Bigel. White Baneberry.

2. BERBERIDACE-ffi. (BARBERRY FAMILY.)

The only plant of this order found within the borders of Hing
ham is the well known beautiful shrub, the Barberry, introduced
from Europe. The stamens of the flowers are peculiarly sensi
tive, springing back against the pistil on being lightly touched.
The fruit is extensively used as a preserve, and boiled with sugar
produces an excellent jelly.

Berberis, L.

vulgaris, L. Barberry.

3. NYMPH ffiACEiE. (WATER-LILY FAMILY.)

An aquatic order, one species of which is the beautiful and
sweet-scented Water-lily of our ponds.

Brasenia, Schreb.

peltata, Pursh. Water-shield.

Nymphaea, Tourn.

odorata. Ait. Water-lily.
Nuphar, Smith.

advena, Ait. f. Yellow Water-hlv.

The Botany of Hingham. 93

4. SARRACENIACEJE. (PlTCHER-PLANT FAMILY.)

The only Hingham species is the Side-saddle Flower. The
leaves are singularly formed in a swollen tube and are generally
more or less filled with water, containing drowned insects.

Sarracenia, Town.

purpurea, L. Pitcher-plaut.

5. PAPAVERACEiE. (POPPY FAMILY.)

Three species only are found in this town, and but one of these
is indigenous, — the beautiful Blood-root, so called from the color
of its juice. This, if taken into the stomach, acts as an emetic
and a purgative. The juice of some of the species has highly
narcotic properties, — that of the Papaver somniferum, dried in
the sun, forming the Opium of commerce.

Argemone, L.

Mexicana, L. Prickly Poppy. Waste places. Rare.

Chelidonium, L.

mqjus, L. Celandine.

Sanguinaria, Dill.

Canadensis, L. Blood-root.

6. FUMARIACE.SJ. (FUMITORY FAMILY.)

An order containing many beautiful plants which have a
watery juice. The flowers are irregular. But two species are
found in Hingham.

Corydalis, Vent.

glauca, Pursh. Pale Corydalis.

Fumaria, Tourn.

officinalis, L. Fumitory.

7. CRUCIFERJB. (MUSTARD FAMILY.)

An exceedingly useful family to man. furnishing many of the
vegetables which he uses for food or as condiments, such as
Turnips, Cabbages, Radishes, Cauliflowers, Cress, and Mustard.
They all contain nitrogen, hence their highly nutritious qualities.
Many of them have also an essential oil containing sulphur.
Though acrid and pungent to the taste, none of them are poi-
sonous. Plants of this family are easily recognized by their
having four petals, which are regular and placed opposite to each
other^ in pairs, forming a cross. This has given them the name
of Crucifera3.

Nasturtium, R. Br.

officinale, R. Br. Water-cress,
palustre, D C. Marsh-cress.
Armoracia, Fries, Horse-radish.

Cardamine, Tourn.

hirsuta, L. Bitter Cress,
hirsuta, var. sylvatica, Gray.

94 History of Hingham.

Arabis, L.

Canadensis, L. Sickle-pod.
Barbarea, R. Br.

vulgaris, R. Br. Winter Cress.

Sisymbrium, Tourn.

officinale, Scop. Hedge Mustard.

Brassica, Tourn.

nigra, Koch. Black Mustard.
campestris, L. Rutabaga.

Capsella, Medic.

Bursa-pastoris, Mcench. Shepberd's Purse.
Thlaspi, Tourn.

arvense, L. Field Penny Cress. Rare.
Lepidium, Tourn.

Virginicum, L. Peppergrass.

rudera/e, L.

campestre, L. Field Pepper Grass. Rare.
Cakile, Tourn.

Americana, Nutt. Sea-Rocket.
Raphanus, Tourn.

Raphanistrum, L. Wild Radisb.

8. cistace^. (Rock-Rose Family.)

Low, shrubby plants with regular flowers, possessed of no
marked properties.

Helianthemum, Tourn.

Canadense, Mx. Rock-rose. Frost Weed.

Lechea, Kalm.

major, L. Pin Weed.

thymifolia, Mx.

minor, L.

minor, L., var. maritima, Gray in herb.

tenuil'olia, Mx.

9. violace^s. (Violet Family.)

A family well known by the profusion of flowers of several
species found everywhere within the town. Only one genus is
represented in Hingham, — the Viola. All its species here are
stemless, with a single exception. The Pansy and the great
Purple Violet of the gardens belong to this order. The roots
generally possess an acrid, sometimes an emetic property, which
has led to their use in medicine.

Viola, Tourn.

lanceolata, L. Lance-leaved Violet.

primulasfolia, L. Primrose-leaved Violet.

blanda, Willd. Sweet White Violet.

palmata, L. Common Blue Violet.

palmata, L., var. eucullata, Gray. Rolled leafed Violet.

sa^ittata, Ait. Arrovv-h-aved Violet.

The Botany of Hingham. • 95

pedata, L. Bird-foot Violet.

canina, L., var. Aluhleubergii, Gray. Dog Violet.

10. CARYOPHYLLACE2E. (PlNK FAMILY.)

Herbs with entire, opposite leaves, except that the upper ones
;ire sometimes alternate, and with regular, symmetrical flowers.
The stems are usually swollen at the joints. They are all harm-
less in their properties.

Dianthus, L.

Armaria, L. Deptford Pink.
deltoides, L. Maiden Pink.

Saponaria, L.

officinalis, L. Soapwort.

Vaccaria, L.
Silene, L

cucubalus, Wibet. Bladder Campion.

Armaria, L. Sweet- William Catch-fly.

antirrhina. L. Sleepy Catch-fly.

nodi flora, L. Night-flowering Catch-fly.

Lychnis, Tourn.

vespertina. Sibth. Rare.

Githago, Lam. Corn Cockle. Rare.
Arenaria, L.

serpylUfolia, L. Thyme-leaved Sandwort,
lateriflora, L.

Stellaria, L.

media, Smith. Chickweed.

loiigifolia, Muhl. Long-leaved Chickweed.

uliginosa, Murr. Swamp Chickweed.

graminea, L.
Cerastium, L.

vulgatum, L. Mouse-ear Chickweed.

arvense, L.

Sagina, L.

procumbens, L. Pearl wort.

Buda, Adans.

rubra, Dumort. Sandwort.

marina, Dumort. Sea-shore Sandwort.
Spergula, L.

arvensis, L. Corn Spurrey.
Gypsophila, L.

muralis, L.

11 PORTTJLACACEiB. (PURSLANE FAMILY.)

Succulent low herbs with regular but unsymmetrical flowers.
The Claytonia, justly called the Spring Beauty, belongs to this
family. The common Purslane is our only species, and this
springs up abundantly in cultivated and waste grounds. It does
not appear to be generally known as a very palatable food. Cooked

96 History of Hingham.

as " greens," and properly served, it vies with the best in furnish-
ing an attractive dish. The plants should not be too old. None
of the species arc harmful. The beautiful Portulaca of the gar-
dens is of this Family.

Portulaca, Tourn.

oleracea, L. Common Purslane.

12. HYPERICACEiE. (St. JoHN"S-WoRT FAMILY.)

The plants of this family are all herbs in Hingham, though
found as shrubs and even trees in other regions. They have
opposite, dotted leaves, and an astringent, resinous juice, which in
some species is very acrid, as in the H. perforatum. This is some-
times used as a gargle, and internally in dysenteric cases.

Hypericum, Tourn.
ellipticum, Hook.
perforatum, L. St. John's-wort.
inaculutum, Walt,
mutilum, L.
Canadense, L.
nudicaule, Walt.

Elodes, Adans.

campanulata, Pursh. Marsh St. John's-wort.

13. MALVACEiE. (MALLOWS FAMILY.)

The plants of this family native within the town are all
herbs. Elsewhere they are found as shrubs, and sometimes as
trees. They form a very natural order. The species all have
regular flowers and alternate leaves, and all abound in a muci-
laginous substance, which is found in great quantity, particularly
in the roots of many. This is much used in medicine as an
emollient.

None of the plants have deleterious properties. The young
foliage of some has been used to boil as a vegetable.

Cultivated species of several of the genera are seen in gar-
dens : as the Althea and Hollyhock.

Malva, L.

sylvestris, L-
rotiindifolia, L. Mallow.

Abutilon, Tourn.

Avicennce, Gcertn. Velvet Leaf. Rare.

Hibiscus, L.

Moscheutos, L. Swam]) Rose-M;dlow. Very rare.

14. tiliaceje. (Linden Family.)

Trees and shrubs, mostly natives of tropical regions. Like
the Malvaceae, they all possess mucilaginous properties of whole-
some character.

The Botany of Hingham. 97

The Tilia Americana, the well-known Linden or Bass-wood,
is native of the town, being generally found near the shore. The
species of this family commonly set out as an ornamental tree,
is the European Linden.

The inner bark of the trees of this family is very fibrous and
strong. The jute of commerce is the product of one species.

Tilia, Tourn.

Americana, L. Linden. Basswood.

15. LiNACEiE. (Flax Family.)

An order of mostly herbaceous plants with regular and sym-
metrical flowers. The genus Linum, the only one represented
in Hingham, has a bark of exceedingly tenacious fibre, from one
species of which is formed the Linen Thread and Cloth in common
use. The same plant also furnishes seeds which yield the well-
known Linseed Oil, Linseed Cake, etc. The seeds are used ex-
tensively in medicine, possessing as they do abundant mucilage,
which is extracted by boiling water, producing thus Flax-seed
tea. There are several other uses which the products of the
plants serve, and it may perhaps be said that no one, not fur-
nishing food, is more serviceable to man. There is but one
species of the genus indigenous in our limits, the L. Virginianum.
The other is the Common Flax, found sometimes springing up in
fields from scattered seeds. Some species are mildly cathartic.

Linum, Tourn.

Virginianum, L. Wild Flax.
usitatissimum, L. Flax. Not common.

16. GERANIACEiE. (GERANIUM FAMILY.)

Chiefly herbs, with perfect but not always symmetrical flowers.
The beauty of our gardens is largely due to plants of this family ;
especially to the species of Pelargonium introduced from the
Cape of Good Hope, where they are native, and to hybrid
varieties.

The plants generally have an astringent property, and many
have a disagreeable odor. The Herb Robert, not uncommon with
us, affords a marked instance of this. There are, however,
species which give out an aromatic and agreeable fragrance.

Some plants of the order have edible tubers, and others have
leaves which are used as food, being pleasantly acid.

The G. maculatum, common in every part of the town, has
very astringent roots. An infusion of them is used as a gargte.

Geranium, Tourn.

maculatum, L. Wild Geranium.
Carolinianum, L. Carolina Geranium.
Robertianum, L. Herb Robert.
vol. i. — 7

98 History of Hingham.

Impatiens, L.

fulva, Nutt. Touch-me-not.
Oxalis, L\

corniculata, L., var. stricta, Sav. Wood-Sorrel.

17. ilicine-E. (Holly Family.)

Trees and shrubs. Interesting to us as containing the Holly,
the Neinopanthes, and the several species of Ilex, all contrib-
utors to the beauty of the forests and swamps. It is one
of the species of Ilex which displays, late in the autumn and
early winter a profusion of bright red berries, that never fail
to attract the attention and admiration of beholders.

There is an astringent property in the bark and leaves of the
Holly, and of other species of Ilex. The berries are purgative,
and used medicinally.

Ilex, L.

opaca, Ait. Holly,
verticillata, Gray. Black Alder,
laevigata, Gray. Smooth Alder. Rare.
glabra, Gray. Inkberry. Not common.

Nemopanthes, Raf.

fascicularis, Raf. Mountain Holly. Rare.

18. CELASTRACE^. (STAFF-TREE FAMILY.)

Shrubs, rarely trees. One species only known to our flora, —
the Celastrus scandens, or Waxwork.

The fruit of this, with its orange and scarlet hues, is very
attractive in autumn, as displayed among the foliage of the
shrubs or trees upon which it climbs.

The plants of this family have generally acrid and bitter prop-
erties, sometimes emetic.

Celastrus, L.

scandens, L. Waxwork.

19. RHAMNACE5!. (BUCKTHORN FAMILY.)

Shrubs and small trees, represented in Hingham by the Rham-
nus catharticus, the Buckthorn, and by the Ceanothus Ameri-
canus, New-Jersey Tea.

The berries and bark of the Buckthorn are cathartic, and have
been used in medicine. The leaves of the Ceanothus Americanus
were much used during the American Revolution, by infusion, as
a tea ; hence the common name.

Rhamnus, Tourn.

cathartica, L. Buckthorn. Not common.

Ceanothus, L.

Americanus, L. New-Jersey Tea.

The Botany of Hingham. 99

20. viTACEiE. (Vine Family.)

Climbing shrubs, represented in Hingham by two genera, —
Vitis, the Grape, and Ampelopsis, the Virginia Creeper or Wood-
bine. The estimable products of the vine are well known ; and,
alas ! the effects of misuse of them too much so. The beauty of
the Ampelopsis, as it climbs upon trees within its reach, espe-
cially when its deeply tinted leaves in autumn contrast with the
dark-green foliage of the Savin, affords a great charm to every
observant eye.

Vitis, Toum.

Labrusca, L. Fox Grape.

aestivalis, Mx. Summer Qrape.
Ampelopsis, Mx.

quinquefolia, Mx. Virginia Creeper. Woodbine.

21. SAPINDACEiE. (MAPLE FAMILY.)

Trees, shrubs, and herbs. This order enriches our flora with
the Sugar Maple and the Red Maple. Among those introduced
for ornamental purposes are the Horse Chestnut, several species
of the Buckeye, and the Negundo or Ash-leaved Maple.

Narcotic and poisonous properties are found in some of the
plants of the order ; yet bread is made from the seeds of one
species. The nuts of the common Horse Chestnut contain a
large proportion of starch, which renders them a very valuable
food for cattle, swine, sheep, and horses. They are thus used
extensively abroad, while here they are allowed to rot upon the
ground. This is a matter worthy the consideration of those who
have these trees upon their premises.

It is stated that the fruit and leaves of the Buckeye of Ohio,
the tEscuIus glabra, are quite poisonous. As this tree is found
in cultivation with us, care should be taken not to confound the
fruit with that of the common Horse Chestnut.

The bark of several species is bitter and astringent, sometimes
used for tanning and dyeing, and also in medicine, as a substi-
tute for Peruvian bark.

Acer, Toum.

saechaiinum, Wang. Sugar Maple,
rubrum, L. Red Maple.

22. ANACARDIACE51. (SUMACH FAMILY.)

Trees or shrubs, with alternate leaves and inconspicuous
flowers, having a resinous juice, which is acrid and sometimes
poisonous. Some bear wholesome fruits ; others furnish valuable
varnishes. We have in Hingham but one genus, — the Rhus.

100 History of Hingham.

This includes the species best known to us as poisonous. One
of them, Rhus venenata, or Poison Sumach, often called the
Poison Dogwood, is found in nearly all our swamps. It is poi-
sonous alike to the touch and taste, and at times imparts its
noxious qualities to the atmosphere about it so as to cause per-
sons inhaling it to be seriously affected. Common as this small
tree is in Hingham, but few recognize it readily, and as it
is particularly beautiful when colored by the tints of autumn, it is
often collected, much to the suffering of those who handle it. It
differs from the Rhus typhina and the Rhus glabra in having no
serratures on the leaflets.

Another species of the same genus common with us is the
Rhus toxicodendron, known generally as the Poison Ivy. This
is also a very pernicious plant to handle, though upon many per-
sons it seems to have no effect. Undoubtedly both the species
are more dangerous at times than at others, and something prob-
ably depends on the condition of the individual. This is cer-
tainly true, and it should be a strong incentive for precaution
that when a person has once been poisoned, the system is ever
after more susceptible to the noxious influence than before.

Rhus, L.

typhina, L. Stag-horn Sumach,
glabra. L. Smooth Sumach,
copallina, L. Dwarf Sumach,
venenata, D C. Poison Dogwood.
Toxicodendron, L. Poison Ivy.

23. POLYGALACE5]. (MILKWORT FAMILY.)

Herbaceous plants, one genus of which only occurs in Hing-
ham,--the Polygala. The name "milkwort" was given from
the supposed influence of the plants in increasing the secretion
of milk in the animal system. The roots of several species are
used medicinally, and those of one. the P. Senega, are found very
serviceable in many affections. These are known to us as the
Senega root or Snake root.

Polygala, Tourn.
sanguinea, L.
cruciata, L.
verticillata, L.

verticillata, var. ambigua. Nutt.
polygama, Walt.

24. LEGUMINOS-SB. (PULSE FAMILY.)

A very large family, six or seven thousand species being
known. It embraces trees, shrubs, and herbs. The most of the
plants have papilionaceous flowers, so called from their fancied re-
semblance to butterflies. All the native species found in Hing-

The Botany of Hingham. 101

ham have such flowers, except those of the genus Cassia. The
fruit is always a legume or true pod ; but it varies, — being sim-
ple, as in the Pea, or lobed, as in Desmodium. Within our bor-
ders this great family is represented only by herbs, except in one
introduced species, which has become naturalized, — the Robinia
Pseudacacia, common Locust-tree.

Other trees and shrubs of the family occur that have been set
out for ornamental purposes, as the Gleditchia or Three-thorned
Acacia, the Red-bud or Judas-tree, the Laburnum, Wistaria, etc.

The Leguminosa? stand high among the families of the vege-
table kingdom in their usefulness to man, furnishing as they do
much of the food used by him and his domestic animals, many
of the resins, and a large portion of the dyes used in the arts.
Among food products are Peas, Beans, and Clover ; among medi-
cines, Liquorice, Senna, Balsams, and Gums ; among those used
in the arts, Gums Senegal, Tragacanth, and Arabic; Indigo,
Brazil-wood, Logwood, and Red Sandal-wood. But few of the
plants have injurious properties. The indigo of our households
is very poisonous. This is mentioned because of the danger of
its being handled by children.

The leaves of our Cassia Marilandica can be used as a substi-
tute for senna, having similar properties.

Lupinus, Tourn.

perennis, L. Lupine.
Crotalaria, L.

sagittalis, L. Rattle-box. Not common.
Trifolium, Tourn.

arvense, L. Rabbit-foot Clover.

pratense, L. Red Clover.

hybridum. L. Dutch Clover.

repens, L. White Clover.

agrarium, L. Yellow Clover.

procumbens, L. Low Hop Clover.
Melilotus, Tourn.

officinalis, Willd. Yellow Melilot.

alba, Lam. White Melilot.

Medicago, Tourn.
sativa, L.
lupulina, L. Black Medick.

Robinia, L.

pseudacacia, L. Locust.

Tephrosia, Pers.

Virginiana, Pers. Goat's Rue.

Desmodium, Desv.
nudirlorum, D C.
acuminatum, D C.
Canadense, D C.
Marilandicum. Boott.
rifjidum, D C.

102 History of H Ingham.

Lespedeza, Mx.

procumbens, Mx.

reticulata, Pers. Bush Clover.

Stuvei, Nutt., var. intermedia, Watson.

polystachya, Mx.

capitata, Mx.

Vicia, Tourn.

saliva, L. Vetch.
tetrasperma. Loisel.
hirsuta, Koch.
Cracca, L.

Lathyrus, Tourn.

maritimus, Big. Beach-pea.
palustris, L. Marsh-pea.

Apios, Boerh.

tuberosa, Moench. Ground-nut.

Strophostyles, Ell.

angulosa, Ell. Kidney Bean.

Amphicarpsea, Ell.

monoica, Nutt. Hog Pea-nut.

Baptisia, Vent.

tinctoria, R. Br. Wild Indigo.

Cassia, Tourn.

Marilandica, L. Wild Senna.
Chamascrista, L. Partridge Pea.
nicitans, L. Wild Sensitive Plant.

25. ROSACE2E. (ROSE FAMILY.)

This family, comprising trees, shrubs, and herbs, is an exceed-
ingly valuable oue to man, supplying him as it does with deli-
cious fruits, and with flowers that delight his eye with their
beauty and enchant him with their fragrance. Who can think
of the Rose, of the Meadow Sweet, and of the many other shrubs
and herbs that open their petals and exhale their fragrance to the
surrounding air; of the gorgeous blossoming of the Apple and
the Pear, the Cherry and the Plum, or of the fruits of these
which follow, in due season, without having his heart warmed
with gratitude towards the great Giver of all good ? These all
belong to this family, as do most of the berries we use for food,
as the Strawberry, the Blackberry, and the Raspberry.

But few plants of the order have injurious properties, though
some, as the Almond and the Peach, contain Prussic Acid, which
is a deadly poison. It is found mostly in the seeds, but not to
an injurious degree, as partaken of by us.

Prunus, Tourn.

maritima, Wang. Beach Plum.

Pennsylvania, L. f. Red Cherry.

Virginiana, L. Choke Cherry.

serotina, Ehrhart. Black Cherry.

spinosa, L. car. insititia, sloe. Bullace Plum.

The Botany of Bingham. 103

Spiraea, L.

salicifolia, L. Meadow-sweet,
tomentosa, L. Hardback.

Agrimonia, To urn.

Eupatoria, L. Agrimony.

Geum, L.

album, Gmelin. Avens.

Potentilla, L.

Norvegica, L. Five-finger.
Canadensis, L. Low Five-finger,
argentea, L. Silvery Five-finger.
Anserina, L. Marsh Five-finger.

Fragaria, Tourn.

Virginiana, Mill. Strawberry,
vesca, L.

Rubus, Tourn.

strigosus, Mx. Raspberry,
occidentalis, L. Thimbleberry.
villosus, Ait. Higb Blackberry.
Canadensis, L. Low Blackberry,
hispidus, L. Swamp Blackberry.

Rosa, Tourn.

Carolina, L. Swamp Rose.

lucida, Ehrh.

rubiginosa, L. Sweet-brier.

Crataegus, L.

coccinea, L. Scarlet Thorn.

Pyrus, L.

arbutifolia, L. f. Choke Berry.

aucuparia, Gcert. European Mountain Ash.

Amelanchier, Medic.

Canadensis, Torr. & Gr. Shad-bush.

26. SAXIFRAGACE-SJ. (SAXIFRAGE FAMILY.)

This family is interesting to us as containing a considerable
number of our cultivated plants rather than of indigenous ones,
of which we have but few representatives. The most important
one is the Gooseberry. None of them are harmful. The Hy-
drangea, frequent in cultivation, and the Red Currant belong
here.

Ribes, L.

oxyacanthoides, L. Gooseberry.

Saxifraga, L.

Virginiensis, Mx. Early Saxifrage.
Pennsylvania, L. Swamp Saxifrage.

Chrysosplenium, Tourn.

American um. Schwein. Golden Saxifrage.

104 History of Hlnyham.

27. CRASSULACEiE. (STONE-CROP FAMILY.)

Herbs, represented in Hingham by two genera, — Penthorum
and Seduni. The plants of the latter are very succulent. The
Houselcek, Sempervivum tectorum, well known by its thick,
fleshy leaves, belongs to this order. None of the species have
noxious qualities.

Penthorum, Gronov.

sedoides, L. Stoue-crop.
Sedum, Tourn.

acre. L. Mossy Stoue-crop.

Telepldum, L. Live-forever.

28. DROSERACEiE. (SUNDEW FAMILY.)

Delicate, small plants occurring in boggy grounds, and gener-
ally covered with glandular hairs. One species of this family,
the Diomea muscipula, a native of North Carolina, is the cele-
brated Venus's Flytrap, which has glands that exude a secretion
of a character to attract flies. As soon as one alights upon the
lobes of the leaf, which has projecting processes, they close upon
the unfortunate insect.

Excepting a slight bitterness, the plants of this family have
no marked qualities.

Drosera, L.

- rotundifolia, L. Round-leaved Sundew,
intermedia, Hayne, var. Americana, D C.

29. HAMAMELIDEJE. (WjTCH-HaZEL FaMTLY.)

Trees and shrubs. The well-known tree, the Witch Hazel, is
common in our damp woods. It is peculiar in blossoming late
in autumn, when the wintry winds betoken early death to the
flowers, and in not maturing its fruit until the succeeding sum-
mer. The divining rods of those who seek metals or water in
the earth through their agency are formed from the small
branches of this tree ; hence the common name. The plants of
the family are harmless. An extract of one species is much used
as a medicine externally, and sometimes internally, with reputed
advantage.

Hamamelis, L.

Virginiana, L. Witch-Hazel.

30. HALORAGE5I. (WATER-MlLFOIL FAMILY.)

Water and swamp plants, with inconspicuous flowers, having
no noticeable properties.

Myriophyllum, Vaill.

ambiguum, Nutt. Water Milfoil.
ambiguum, Nutt., var. limosum, Torr.

The Botany of Hingham. 105

Proserpinaca, L.

palustris, L. Mermaid-weed.

pectiuacea, Lam.
Callitriche, L.

verna, L. Water Starwort.

31. MELASTOMACEiE. (MELASTOMA FAMILY.)

A tropical family, one genus only being found in temperate
regions, and of this genus one species is a native of Hingham.
It is strikingly beautiful, and fully worthy of the name it bears,
— the Meadow Beauty.

Rhexia, L.

Virginica, L. Meadow Beauty.

32. LYTHRACEiE. (LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY.)

This family is represented in Hingham by two genera, the
species of which are found in marshes or swamps. The plants
are all astringent.

Lythrum, L.

Hyssopifolia L. Loosestrife.

Salicaria, L. Spiked Loosestrife. Very rare.
Decodon, Gmel.

verticillatus, Ell. Swamp Loosestrife.

33. ONAGRACE-S3. (EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY.)

Herbs with perfect and symmetrical flowers. The most showy
plants in Hingham belonging to this family are the Primroses, and
the Willow Herb. The cultivated ornamental plants belonging
here are the Fuchsias, natives of South America and southern
North America. All are harmless.

Circsea, Tourn.

Lutetiana, L. Enchanter's Nightshade.

Epilobium, L.

angustifolium, L. Willow-herb,
lineare, Muhl.
coloratum, Muhl.

(Enothera, L.

biennis, L. Evening Primrose,
fruticosa, L. Very rare,
pumila, L.

Ludwigia, L.

alternifolia, L. Seed-box. Not common,
palustris, Ell. Water Purslane.

34. CUCURBITACE^!. (GOURD FAMILY.)

Succulent herbs that creep or twine by tendrils. This family,
which yields in cultivation several highly-valued vegetables, —

106 History of Hingham.

the Cucumber, Squash, Watermelon and Muskmelon, — is known
to the Hingham flora only by two introduced weeds.

Sicyos, L.

angulatus, L. Star Cucumber.
Echinocystis, Torr. & Gr.

lobata, Torr. & Gr. Wild Balsam-apple.

35. FICOIDEiE.

An order separated from the Caryophyllaceae. Represented
here by an insignificant weed having no important properties.

Mollugo, L.

verticillala, L. Carpet-weed.

36. UMBELLIFERiE. (PARSLEY FAMILY.)

Herbs. Flowers, except in very rare cases and these not of
Hingham species, in umbels. The genera and the species of the
order are very numerous, and vary much in their properties.
They are generally aromatic, some being harmless, while many
are very noxious. Of the latter, the Cicuta maculata (Water
Hemlock), the Cicuta bulbifera (narrow-leaved Hemlock), the
iEthusa cynapium (Fool's Parsley), and the Sium lineare (Water
Parsnip) are all deadly poisons when taken into the system.

The seeds are stated to be always harmless, and many of them
are in common use, as Anise, Carraway, Dill, and Coriander.
The roots and herbage of several yield wholesome food, as the
Carrot and Parsnip.

Hydrocotyle, Tourn.

Americana, L. Pennywort.

Sanicula, Tourn.

Marylandica, L. Sanicle.
Marylandica, var. Canadensis, Torr.

Daucus, Tourn.

Carota, L. Carrot.

Heracleum, L.

lanatum, Mx. Cow-parsnip.

Pastinaca, L.

sativa, L. Parsnip.

Angelica, L.

atropurpurea, L. Great Angelica.

Coelopleurum, Ledeb.

Gmelini, Ledeb. Coast Angelica.
/Ethusa, L.

Cynapium, L. Fool's Parsley.

Ligusticum, L.

Scoticum, L. Lovage.
Thaspium, Nutt.

aureum, Nutt. Meadow Parsnip. Rare.

The Botany of Hingham. 107

Cicuta, L.

maculata, L. Water Hemlock,
bulbifera, L. Narrow-leaved Hemlock.

Sium, Touru.

cicutaefolium, Gmel. Water Parsnip.

Osmorrhiza, Raf.

longistylis, D C. Sweet Cicely.

37. ARALIACE^EJ. (GlNSENG FAMILY.)

The properties of the plants of this family are much the same
generally as in those of the Umbelliferae. Some species furnish
valuable medicines, as Ginseng, Sarsaparilla, and Spikenard. The
order is represented in Hingham by one genus only.

Aralia, Tourn.

racemosa, L. Spikenard.

hispida, Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla. Rare.

nudicaulis, L. Wild Sarsaparilla.

trifolia, Decsne & Planch. Dwarf Ginseng.

38. CORNACEiE. (DOGWOOD FAMILY.)

Trees and shrubs, very rarely herbs. There are two genera in
Hingham, — Cornus and Nyssa. Of the former a number of spe-
cies are common in all parts of the town. The bark is very
astringent and that of the C. florida is used sometimes medicinally
as a tonic. The Nyssa is represented by the tree known as Tupelo,
which in autumn adorns our forests with its bright crimson
foliage.

Cornus, Tourn.

Canadensis, L. Bunch-berry,
florida, L. Flowering Dogwood,
circinata, L'Her. Round-leaved Dogwood,
sericea, L. Silky Dogwood,
paniculata, L'Her. Panicled Dogwood,
alternifolia, Lf. Alternate-leaved Dogwood.

Nyssa, L.

sylvatica, Marsh. Tupelo.

GAMOPETALOUS EXOGENS.

39. CAPRIPOLIACE^J. (HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY.)

Mostly shrubs, often twining, and rarely herbs. All have oppo-
site leaves. The fine genus Viburnum enriches our flora with
several species of great beauty. Some of the plants are used
medicinally, as emetic and cathartic properties prevail in many.
Triosteum perfoliatum, Fever-wort, has much reputation for
effects similar to those of Ipecac.

108 History of Hingham.

Sambucus, Tourn.

Canadensis, L. Elder,
racemosa, L. Red-berried Elder.

Viburnum, L.

aeerifolium, L. Maple-leaved Arrow-wood,
deutatum, L. Toothed Arrow-wood,
cassinoides, L. Withe-rod.
Lentago, L. Sweet Arrow-wood.

Triosteum, L.

pertbliatum, L. Fever-wort.

Lonicera, L.

sempervirens, Ait. Trumpet-Honeysuckle.
Dierviila, Tourn.

trifida, Moench. Bush-Honeysuckle. Very rare.

40. RUBIACEiE. (M ADDER FAMILY.)

Trees, shrubs, and herbs. Represented in Hingham but by a
single shrub, the Button-bush, and by a few herbs, but among
these last is one of rare beauty, far too little appreciated, the
Mitchella rcpens, Partridge berry. This sweet little plant adorned
with fragrant twin flowers, bright polished evergreen leaves, and
showy scarlet berries is worthy of much more notice than is
given it.

Though our species do not furnish products of noticeable value,
the family includes plants of great importance to man. Madder,
so serviceable in the arts, is from the root of one of the species.
Others furnish some of our most-highly prized medicines, as Peru-
vian Bark, Quinine, Cinchona, Ipecacuana, etc. Coffee, the
common luxury of our tables, is the product of a tree of this
family.

Houstonia, L.

caerulea, L. Bluets.

purpurea, L., var. longifolia, Gray.

Cephalanthus, L.

occidentalis, L. Button-bush.

Mitchella, L.

repens, L. Partridge-berry.

Galium, L.

Aparine, L. Cleavers,
circrezans, Mx. Wild Liquorice,
tritidum, L. Small Bedstraw.
asprellura, Mx. Rough Bedstraw.
triflorum, Mx. Sweet-scented Bedstraw.

41. composite. (Composite Family.)

The compound flowers of early botanists. The plants of this
order are readily recognized by their flowers being grouped in

The Botany of Hingham. 109

numbers upon a common receptacle, the enlarged head of the
flower stalk, and by the anthers of the stamens cohering in a tube.
The marginal flowers generally have strap-shaped corollas, which,
extending as rays around the receptacle, are often very showy,
while the interior ones of the disk having only tubular corollas
are comparatively insignificant. This gives the impression to
observers unfamiliar with botanical details that only a single
flower is seen where many are aggregated.

Take the Sunflower, so called, for an example ; the very name
of which implies it is one flower. In this case each of the yellow
rays surrounding the whole receptacle is the corolla of a single
marginal flower, those of the disk having no such rays. The
greater portion of the Composita? of our town are of this charac-
ter. The flowers of some have the corollas all strap-shaped or
ligulate, as this form is called, as may be seen in the Dandelion
and many others.

The Composite, considering the vast number of species, do not
furnish many useful products to man. A few supply food, as the
Artichoke, Salsify, and Lettuce. The root of the Chickory is used
extensively as a substitute for coffee. From the seeds of the Sun-
flower and some others an oil is expressed which is valuable. A
bitter principle, found in several species, combined with other
properties, has led to the use of many of them medicinally, par-
ticularly Wormwood, Camomile, Arnica, Artemisia, and Elecam-
pane. Some are quite poisonous, as Arnica.

As objects of beauty many of the cultivated species of the order
surpass ifchose of any other in the autumnal season. How greatly
should we feel the loss of the Asters, the Chrysanthemums, the
Dahlias, and the varieties of Coreopsis from our flower gardens
when nearly all their earlier companions " are faded and gone."

Vernonia, Schreb.

uoveboracensis, Willd. Iron Weed. Rare.

Mikania, Willd.

scandens, L. Hemp Weed.

Eupatorium, Tourn.

purpureum, L. Trumpet Weed.

teucrifolium, Willd.

sessilifolium, L. Boneset.

perfoliatum, L. Thoroughwort.
Solidago, L.

cassia, L. Golden Rod.

latifolia, L.

bicolor, L.

sempervirens, L.

puberula, Nutt.

odora, Ait.

speciosa, Nutt.

rugosa, Mill.

Eliiottii, Torr. & Gr.

HO History of Hingham.

neglecta, Torr. & Gr.

neglecta, Torr. & Gr., var. linoides, Gray.

juncea, Ait.

serotina, Ait.

serotina, var. gigantea, Gray.

Canadensis, L.

nemoralis, Ait.

lanceolata, L.

tenuifolia, Pursh.

Sericocarpus, Nees.

solidagineus, Nees. White-topped Aster,
conyzoides, Nees.

Aster, L.

corymbosus, Ait.

macrophyllus, L.

Novae-Angliae, L.

patens, Ait.

undulatus, L.

cordifolius, L.

lasvis, L.

ericoides, L.

multiflorus, Ait.

dumosus, L.

vimineus, Lam.

diffusus, Ait.

paniculatus, Lam.

salicifolius, Ait.

Novi-Belgii, L.

Novi-Belgii, var. litoreus, Gray.

puniceus, L.

umbellatus, Mill.

linariifolius, L.

acuminatus, Mx.

subulatus, Mx.
Erigeron, L.

bellidifolius, Mubl. Robin's Plantain.

Philadelphicus, L. Fleabane.

annuus, Pers.

strigosus, Muhl. Daisy Fleabane.

Canadensis, L. Horse-weed.
Pluchea, Cass.

camphorata, D C. Marsh Fleabane.
Antennaria, Gaert.

plantaginifolia, Hook. Plantain-leaved Everlasting.
Anaphalis, D C.

magaritacea, Benth. & Hook. Pearly Everlasting.
Gnaphalium, L.

polycephalum, Mx. Everlasting.

uliginosum, L. Cudweed.
Inula. L.

Helenium, L. Elecampane. Rare.

Tlie Botany of Hingham. m

Iva, L.

frutescens, L. Marsh Elder.

Ambrosia, Tourn.

artemisisefolia, L. Roman Wormwood.

Xanthium, Tourn.

Canadense, Mill. far. echinatum, Gray. Cockle-bur.

Rudbeckia, L.

hirta, L. Cone-flower.

Helianthus, L.

aim ti us, L. Sunflower.

divaricatus, L.

strumosus, L.

decapetalus, L.

tuberosus, L. Jerusalem Artichoke.

Coreopsis, L.

tinctoria, Nutt. Not common.

Bidens, L.

frondosa, L. Beggar-ticks,
connata, Muhl. Swamp-ticks.
cernua, L. Smaller Swamp-ticks,
chrysanthemoides, Mx. Larger Swamp-ticks.

Anthemis, L.

Cotula, D C. May-weed.

arvensis, L. Corn Chamomile. Rare.

Achillea, L.

Millefolium. L. Yarrow.
Ptarmica, L. Sneeze-wort. Rare.

Chrysanthemum, Tourn.

Leucanthemum, L. Daisy. White-weed.

Tanacetum, L.

vulgare, L. Tansy.

Artemisia, L.

vulgaris, L. Mugwort.

Senecio, Touru.

aureus, L. Golden Rag-wort.
vulgaris, L. Groundsel.

Erechtites, Raf.

hieracifolia, Raf. Fire-weed.

Arctium, L.

Lappa, L., var. minus, Gray. Burdock.

Cnicus, Tourn.

arvensis, Hoffm. Canada Thistle.

lanceolatus, Hoffm. Common Thistle.

pumilus, Torr. Pasture Thistle.

altissimus, Willd., var. discolor, Gray. Tall Thistle.

muticus, Pursh. Swamp Thistle.

horridulus, Pursh. Yellow Thistle.

Onopordon, Vaill.

Acanthium, L. Cotton Thistle.

112 History of H Ingham.

Centaurea, L.

nigra, L. Knapweed.

Krigia, Schreb.

Virginica, Willd. Dwarf Dandelion.
Cichorium, Tourn.

Jnfybus, L. Chiccory.

Leontodon, L.

antamnalis, L. Hawkbit. Fall Dandelion.
Hieracium, Tourn.

Canadense, Mx. Canada Hawkweed.

paniculatum, L. Panicled Hawkweed.

venosum, L. Rattle-snake Hawkweed.

scabrum, Mx. Rough Hawkweed.

Prenanth.es, Vaill.
altissima, L.
serpentaria, Pursh.

Taraxacum, Hall.

officinale, Weber. Dandelion.

Lactuca, Tourn.

Canadensis, L. Wild Lettuce.

integrifolia, Bigel.

leucopha^a, Gray. Blue Lettuce. Rare.

Sonchus, L.

oleraceus, L. Sow-Thistle.
asper, Vill. Spiny-leaved Thistle.

42. IiOBELIACEiE. (LOBELIA FAMILY.)

Herbs with a milky juice. All the species are poisonous. One
of them, the Indian Tobacco, Lobelia infiata, a common plant of
our town, is very much so, and has been used too freely in char-
latan practice, — many deaths having resulted from such use. One
of the most beautiful and showy plants of our wret meadows is the
Lobelia Cardinalis, which exhibits its large and bright scarlet
flowers in the summer and early autumn.

Lobelia, L.

cardinalis, L. Cardinal-flower.
Dortmanna. L. Water Lobelia,
spicata, Lam.
inflata, L. Indian Tobacco.

43. CAMPANULACEiE. (BELLWORT FAMILY.)

Like the Lobeliaceoe, the plants of this family are herbs with a
milky juice, but unlike them, they are harmless. Indeed, the
roots and. young leaves of some of them are eaten for food.

The flowers are generally blue. They are so in our two
species.

The Botany of Ringham. 113

Specularia, Heist.

perfoliata, A. D C. Venus's Looking-glass.
Campanula, Tourn.

rapancidoides, L. Bell-flower. Escaped from gardens.

44 ERICACE^. (HEATH FAMILY.)

Shrubby and Herbaceous plants, — dear to us for the luxuries
furnished in our rural walks and upon our tables ; for what would
a season be to us without Huckleberries, Blueberries of many
species, and Cranberries !

As objects of beauty and fragrance, how could we spare the
Trailing Arbutus, the Cassandra, the Andromeda, the Clethra,
the Rhododendron, and the Kalmia, in our wanderings. All
these and manv others of our flora make fragrant the air with
the odors they exhale, or charm the eye by their beauty.

With but few exceptions the plants of this family are entirely
innocuous.

The leaves of the Rhododendron and the Kalmia, however, con-
tain a narcotic principle which sometimes renders them poisonous.

Some of the species, as the Bearberry and the Chimaphila, are
used medicinally, — - infusions of the leaves being found serviceable.

Gaylussacia, H. B. K.

frondosa, Torr. & Gr. Dangleberry.
resinosa, Torr. & Gr. Black Huckleberry.

Vaccinium, L.

Pennsylvanicum, Lam. Dwarf Blueberry.

vacillans, Solander. Low Blueberry.

corymbosum, L. Tall Blueberry.

macrocarpon, Ait. Cranberry.
Chiogenes, Salis.

serpyllifolia, Salis. Creeping Snowberry. Very Rare.
Arctostaphylos, Adan.

Uva-ursi, Spreng. Bearberry.
Epigaea, L.

repens, L. Mayflower.
Gaultheria, Kalm.

procumbens, L. Checkerberry.
Andromeda, L.

ligustrina, Muhl.
Leucothoe, Don.

racemosa, Gray.

Cassandra, Don.

calyculata, Don. Leather-leaf.
Kalmia, L.

latifolia, L. Mountain Laurel.

angustifolia, L. Sheep Laurel.

Rhododendron, L.

viscosum, Torr. Swamp Honeysuckle.
Rhodora, Don. Rhodora.

VOL I. — 8

114 History of Hingham.

Clethra, Gronov.

alnifolia, L. White Alder.

Chimaphila, Pursh.

umbellata, Nutt. Prince's Pine,
niaculata, Pursh. Spotted Wintergreen.

Pyrola, Tourn.

secunda, L. Wintergreen.
ehlorautha, Swartz.
elliptica, Nutt.
rotundifolia, L.

Monotropa, L.

uuitiora, L. Indian Pipe.
Hypopitys, L. Pine-sap.

45. PLUMBAGINACEiE. (LEADWORT FAMILY.)

Seaside plants. Our species, the Sea Lavender or Marsh Rose-
mary, is very common along our shores. The root is very as-
tringent, and is much used in medicine, especially in cases of
inflammation and ulceration of the throat.

Statice, Tourn.

Lituouiurn, L. Marsh Rosemary.

46. PRIMULACEiE. (PRIMROSE FAMILY.)

None of the plants of this family serve important useful pur-
poses, but all are harmless. The species are few in our flora, but
they differ much in appearance and habits. The Trientalis is one
of the most delicate of them and is often seen nestling in the
thickets with its companions, the Anemones, bearing its beautiful
star-shaped flowers ; while in contrast may be found in the wet
swamps and stagnant waters, the Hottonia, a coarse plant with
large inflated stems, interesting more from its peculiar character-
istics than from its beauty.

Hottonia, L.

inflata, Ell. Featherfoil.

Trientalis, L.

Americana, Pursh. Star-flower.

Lysimachia, Tourn.

quadrif'olia, L. Loosestrife.

stricta. Ait.

mtmmiilaria, L. Moneywort.

Steironema, Raf.

lanceolatum, Gray.

Anagallis. Tourn.

arvensis, L. Pimpernel.

Samolus, Tourn.

Valerandi, L. var. Americanus, Gray. Brookweed.

The Botany of Hingham. 115

47. OLEACE-3L (OLIVE FAMILY.)

Trees and shrubs. Though possessing bitter and astringent
properties they are harmless. The Olive tree is one of the best
known of the family, as its fruit and the oil it produces are eaten
throughout the civilized world. Among the cultivated plants are
the Common and Persian Lilacs, the Virginia Fringe tree, and the
Jessamine. The species native to our flora are the White, Red,
and Black Ash. The Privet is extensively naturalized in all parts
of the town.

Ligustrum, Tourn.

vuk/are, L. Privet.
Fraxinus, Tourn.

Americana, L. White Ash.

pubescens. Lam. Red Ash.

sambucifolia, Lam. Black Ash.

48. APOCYNACEJE. (DOGBANE FAMILY.)

Apocynum, Tourn.

androsiemifolium, L. Dogbane,
cannabinum, L. Indian Hemp.

49. ASCLEPIADACE-EJ. (MlLKWEED FAMILY.)

Herbs and shrubs ; but in Hingham, herbs only which belong
to the genus Asclepias, and all bear umbels of flowers. Like
the Apocynaceas, they have a milky juice, but the properties
of this as well as the other parts of the plants are much less
noxious. One of the most beautiful plants of New England is the
A. tuberosa, which is exceedingly rare, if indeed it is yet to be
found wild within the town limits.

Asclepias, L.

tuberosa, L. Butterfly-weed,
incarnata, L. Swamp Milkweed.
Cornuti, Decaisne. Hedge Milkweed,
obtusifolia, Mx.

phytolaccoides, Pursh. Poke Milkweed,
quadrifolia, L. Four-leaved Milkweed,
verticillata, L. Whorled Milkweed.

50. GENTIANACEiE. (GENTIAN FAMILY.)

Herbs. This family has furnished us with one of the most
beautiful and interesting of the plants of our flora, the Fringed
Gentian, and care should be taken to prevent its extermination,
now seriously threatened. The only way to prevent this is to
leave at least a portion of the flowers to mature and drop their
seeds, it being an annual and propagated only in this way. All

116 History of Hingham.

the plants of the family have pervading them a very bitter princi-
ple, which, affording a good tonic, has led to the extensive use of
several of the species medicinally.

Gentiana, Tourn.

crinita, Froel. Fringed Gentian.
Andrewsii, Griseb. Closed Gentian.

Bartonia, Muhl.
tenella, Muhl.

Menyanthes, Tourn.

trifoliata, L. Buckbean. Not common.

51. BORRAGINACEiE. (BORAGE FAMILY.)

Mostly herbs. All our species are such, and all bristly or hairy.
They are mucilaginous and harmless.

Myosotis, Dill.

arvensis, tloffm.

verna, Nutt.

laxa, Lehm.

palustris, With. Foi'get-me-not.

Symphytum, Tourn.

officinale, L. Comfrev. Rare.

Echium, Tourn.

vulgare, L. Blue-weed. Rare.

Echinospermum, Lehm.

Lappula, LeJim. Stick-seed. Rare.

Lythospernum, Tourn.

arvense, L. Corn Gromwell.

52. CONVOLVULACEJE. (CONVOLVULUS FAMILY).

Mostly herbs, twining about other plants; always so with those
of our town. Two of these of the genus Cuscuta are parasitic
upon the bark of the herbs or shrubs they climb upon. Some
species are very ornamental in cultivation, as the Morning Glory
and the Cypress vine.

The roots of the plants have generally a milky juice which is
used in medicine as a purgative. The Sweet Potato is a valuable
product of a plant of this family, native to the East Indies, but
now cultivated in all tropical and semi-tropical regions, and even
to a considerable extent within the temperate zone. It will
flourish well in Hingham and yield good-sized tubers, but they
lack the sweetness of such as come from the Carolinas.

Convolvulus, Tourn.

sepium, L. Hedge Bindweed.
arvensis, L. Smaller Bindweed.

Gnscuta, Touru.

Gronovii, Willd. Dodder,
compacta, Juss. Rare.

The Botany of Htngham. 117

53. SOLANACE-aB. (NIGHTSHADE FAMILY.)

Herbs with us ; sometimes shrubs in other regions. This fam-
ily furnishes that most valuable tuber, the potato; and also the
nutritious and wholesome fruit of the Tomato and Egg plant. A
narcotic alkaloid, however, pervades the species, rendering many
noxious and some violently poisonous. Even the herbage of the
potato and its raw fruit (not the tubers) contain too much of the
alkaloid to be safe for food.

Tobacco, one of the most potent of all the enemies that man
puts into his mouth, is a product of the Nicotiana Tabacum, a
native of Central America.

Our wild species are all more or less poisonous, — the Datura
tatula, or Thorn-apple, being the most so.

As might be supposed from the active narcotic character of the
plants of this family, many furnish useful medicines.

Solanum, Tourn.

Dulcamara, L. Nightshade,
nigrum, L. Black Nightshade.

Physalis, L.

Virginiana, Mill. Ground Cherry. Rare.

Nicandra, Adans.

p/iysaloides, Gcert. Apple of Peru. Rare.

Datura, L.

Tatula, L. Purple Thorn-apple.

54. SCROPHULARIACE^J. (FlGWORT FAMILY.)

Mostly herbs. A very large family of plants, inhabitants alike
of cold and warm climates, and though properly classed together
by natural affinities, yet exhibiting great diversity of character.
One, a native of Japan, is a tree forty feet in height, and hav-
ing a trunk two to three feet in diameter, yet bearing clusters of
blossoms similar to those of the common Foxglove. We may
contrast with this the Limosella, a plant from one to two inches
in height, which grows in the tidal mud of the shores. The
family is well represented in Hingham by the Gerardias, the
Veronicas, and other well-known genera.

The properties of the plants are not such as to inspire the lov-
ing feelings towards them that are excited bv the Rosacea;, the
Labiatoe, and some others, for they are acrimonious and dele-
terious. One of them, a commonly cultivated species of the
genus Digitalis, the Foxglove, is violently poisonous. This and
several others of kindred nature afford to man some compensa-
tion for their noxious qualities by furnishing medicines of great
value. Many of the species are highly ornamental.

118 History of Hingham.

Verbascum, L.

Thapsus, L. Mullein.
Blattaria, L. Moth Mullein.

Linaria, L.

Canadensis, Dumont. Toad-Flax.
vulgaris, Mill. Butter-and-Eggs.

Scrophularia, Tourn.

nodosa, L. var. Marilandica, Gray. Figwort. Rare.

Chelone, Tourn.

glabra, L. Snake-bead.

Mimulus, L.

ringens, L. Monkey-flower.

Gratiola, L.

aurea, Mubl. Hedge Hyssop.

Ilysantbes, Raf.

riparia, Raf. False Pimpernel.

Veronica, L.

Anagallis, L. Water Speedwell,
scutellata, L. Marsh Speedwell,
serpyllifolia, L. Thyme-leaved Speedwell,
peregrina, L. Purslane Speedwell.
arvensis, L. Corn Speedwell.
agrestis, L. Field Speedwell.

Gerardia, L.

pedieularia, L. Gerardia.
flava, L. Downy Gerardia.
quercifolia, Pursh. Oak-leaved Gerardia.
purpurea, L. Purple Gerardia.
maritima, Raf. Seaside Gerardia.
tenuifolia, Vahl. Slender Gerardia.

Pedicularis, Tourn.

Canadensis, L. Louse-wort.

Melampyrum, Tourn.

Americanum, Mx. Cow-wheat.

55. OROBANCHACE5!. (BrOOM-RaPE FAMILY.)

Plants without leaves ; low, fleshy, and of a reddish-brown or
yellowish-brown color. All parasites upon the roots of other
plants. There are in Hingham but two species, one of which
exists upon the roots of the Beech and is consequently found only
under the shade of this tree. The plants are astringent and.
bitter.

Aphyllon, Mitch.

uniflorum, Torr. & Gr. Cancer-root.

Epiphegus, Nutt.

Virginiana, Bart. Beech-drops.

The Botany of H Ingham. 119

56. LENTIBULARIACE^3. (BLADDERWORT FAMILY.)

Aquatic herbs. Represented in Hingham by one genus, the
Utricularia. The species are generally immersed, sometimes
deeply, and have leaves much dissected, having upon them little
bladders which being filled with air cause the plant to bear the
flowers above the water. One species, the U. gibba has been
found rooted in the marginal mud of a pond.

The plants have no noxious properties.

Utricularia, L.

inflata, Walt. Inflated Bladderwort.
vulgaris, L. Greater Bladderwort.
gibba, L. Dwarf Bladderwort.
intermedia, Hayne.

57. VERBENACEiE. (VERVAIN FAMILY.)

Trees, shrubs, and herbs ; with us, herbs only, and confined to
two species. The plants of this family are harmless and differ
but little from those of the next in general characteristics ; but
they lack the aromatic fragrance that makes the Labiatae
attractive.

The Teak wood of India, so renowned for its durability, is the
product of a tree of this order, of large dimensions, having a
height of about one hundred feet.

*©

Verbena, Tourn.

hastata, L. Blue Vervain,
urticaefolia, L. White Vervain.

58. LABIATiE. (MlNT FAMILY.)

A family of pleasing and useful herbs ; pleasing by the aroma
they exhale and useful in many ways to man. No species is
harmful or, as the botanist Wood states, even suspicious. To it
belong the Peppermint, Spearmint, Pennyroyal, Sage, Thyme,
Lavender, Hoarhound, Catnip, and other well-known herbs.

The foliage has small glands which secrete a volatile oil that
yields the fragrance so marked in most of the species.

Trichostema, L.

diehotomum, L. Blue Curls.
Teucrium, Tourn.

Canadense, L. Germander.

Mentha, Tourn.

viridis, L. Spearmint.
piperita, L. Peppermint.
Canadensis, L. Wild Mint.

120 History of Hingham.

Lycopus, Tourn.

Virginicus, L. Bugle-weed.

sinuatus, Ell. Cut-leaved Bugle-weed.

Pycnanthemum, Ms.

muticum, Pers. Mountain Mint,
linifolium, Pursh. Narrow-leaved Mint.

Origanum, Tourn.

vidyare, L. Wild Marjoram. Rare.

Hedeoma, Pers.

pulegioides, Pers. Pennyroyal.

Monarda, L.

fistulosa, L. Wild Bergamot.

Nepeta, L.

Cataria, L. Catnip.
Glechoma, Benth. Ground Ivy.

Scutellaria, L.

lateriflora, L. Scull-cap.
galericulata, L.

Brunella, Tourn.

vulgaris, L. Self-heal.

Ballota, L.

nigra, L. Black Horehound.
Leonurus, L.

Cardiaca, L. Motherwort.

Galeopsis, L. Hemp-Nettle.
Tetrahit, L.

Stachys, Tourn.

arvensis, L> Woundwort. Rare.
Lamium, L.

amplexicaule , L. Dead-Nettie.

intermedium, Fr. Rare.

59. PLANTAGINACEiE. (PLANTAIN FAMILY.)

Stemless herbs without properties of any importance. The
Plantago major, one of the species, is so common about our
dwellings as to have given rise to the saying that wherever the
white man puts his feet the Plantain is sure to spring up.

Plantago, Tourn.

major, L. Plantain.

Rugelii, Decaisne.

decipiens, Barneoud. Marsh Plantain.

lanceolata, L. Ribgrass.

Patagonica, Jacq., var. aristata, Gray, Rare.

60. HiLECEBRACE-a:. (Whitlowwort Family.)

There are but two plants in Hingham belonging to this new
order, separated from the Caryophyllacese. Their properties are
unimportant.

The Botany of Hinyliam. 121

Anychia, Mx.

capillacea, Nutt. Forked Chickweed.

Scleranthus, L.

annuas, L. Knawel.

APETALOUS EXOGENS.

61. AMARANTACEiE. (AMARANTH FAMILY.)

Aii ordei' containing some shrubs, but mostly herbaceous plants,
and found to some extent in temperate regions, although princi-
pally natives of the tropics. Medicinal properties are ascribed to
some species, and one at least produces edible seeds. The Cocks-
comb, one of the Prince's Feathers, and other species, are com-
mon annuals in our gardens.

Amarantus, Tourn.

paniculalus, L. Prince's Feather. Rare.
albus, L. Amaranth,
retrorlexus, L.

62. CHENOPODIACE2E. (GOOSEFOOT FAMILY.)

A family of herbs or undershrubs, found all over the world,
but chiefly natives of northern Europe and Asia. The Beet,
Mangel-wurtzel, Spinach, and other edible plants, are of this or-
der. Some species have medicinal value, and an oil is extracted
from one. The ashes of several of them yield soda.

Chenopodium, Tourn.

album, L. Pigweed.

glaucum, L. Oak-leaved Goosefoot.

urbicum, L.

hybridum, L. Maple-leaved Goosefoot.

capitatum, Wats. Strawberry Blite. Rare.

Atriplex, Tourn.

patulum, L. Orache.

arenarium, Nutt. Seaside Orache.

Salicornia, Tourn.

herbacea, L. Samphire,
mucronata, Big.
ambigua, Mx.

Suseda, Forsk.

linearis, Moq. Sea Blite.

Salsola, L.

Kali, L. Saltwort.

122 History of Hingham.

63. PHYTOLACCACEiE. (TOKEWEED FAMILY.)

A small family of herbs or undershrubs, chiefly natives of the
tropics. We have only one species, — the Garget or Pokeberry,
the root of which is poisonous.

Phytolacca, Tourn.

decandra, L. Poke.

64. POLYGONACEiE. (BUCKWHEAT FAMILY.)

This order includes a few trees and shrubs, but is almost en-
tirely composed of herbaceous plants, principally natives of the
north temperate zones, but found in nearly all parts of the world.
Some species are medicinal, some furnish dyes, and to the food
supply of the earth the order contributes Buckwheat, Rhubarb
(the stalks of which are edible, the leaves containing so much
oxalic acid as to be poisonous), and the fruits of some East and
West Indian species.

Polygonum, Tourn.

orientate, L. Prince's Feather.

Pennsylvanicum, L.

lapathifolium, L., var. inearnatum, Watson.

Persicaria, L. Lady's Thumb.

Hydropiper, L. Smartweed.

acre, H. B. K. Water Smartweed.

hydropiperoides, Mx. Mild Smartweed.

Muhlenbergii, Watson. Water Persicaria.

aviculare, L. Knotgrass.

erectum, L. Rare.

ramosissimum, Mx.

tenue, Mx.

arifolium, L. Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb.

sagittatum, L. Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb.

Convolvulus, L. Bindweed.

dumetorum, L., var. scandens, Gray.

cilinode, Mx.
Fagopyrum, Tourn.

esculentum, Moench. Buckwheat. Rare.

Rumex, L.

salicifolius, Weinmann. White Dock.

crispus, L. Curled Dock.

obtusifolius, L. Bitter Dock.

sanguineus* L. Bloody- veined Dock. Rare.

Acetosella, L. Sorrel.

65. LAURACE.2EJ. (LAUREL FAMILY.)

A very important order of trees and shrubs, natives of Amer-
ica, Europe (one species), and Asia, but mostly tropical.

The character pervading the order is a pleasant aroma, and

The Botany of H Ingham. 123

among the products are Cinnamon, Camphor, Cassia, and other
medicinal barks, and a number of aromatic fruits and oils. The
timber of some species is valuable.

Sassafras, Nees.

officinale, Nees.

Lindera, Thunb.

Benzoin, Blume. Spice Bush.

66. SANTALACE-3E3. (SANDAL-WOOD FAMILY.)

An order of trees, shrubs, and herbs, natives of Europe, Amer-
ica, Australia, and the East Indies. The European and North
American species are herbaceous, while the trees occur in the
East Indies and South Sea Islands. The celebrated Sandal-wood
is a product of several species of this order. The family has
medicinal properties, and a tea is made from the leaves of one
species, while another (the Buffalo-tree or Oil Nut J yields an
oil. Represented in Hingham by one insignificant species.

Comandra, Nutt.

umbellata, Nutt. Toad-flax.

67. EUPHORBIACE^I. (SPURGE FAMILY.)

A family of about 2,500 species, comprising trees, shrubs, and
herbs, natives chiefly of warm countries, especially tropical Amer-
ica. The few Northern species are herbaceous. The plants of
this order abound in an acrid juice, which, in nearly all of
them, is poisonous. Many are valuable in medicine, furnishing
Croton Oil, Castor Oil, Cascarilla Bark, etc. The fruits and
seeds of some, and the starch of others (yielding Tapioca, etc.),
are edible. The timber of some trees is valuable, — African
Teak, for example. Caoutchouc is the product of several South
American plants of this order. Some species yield various dyes
and many are cultivated for their beauty.

Euphorbia, L.

maculata, L. Spurge.

Preslii, Guss.

Cyparissias, L.
Acalypha, L.

Virgin ica, L. Three-seeded Mercury.

68. TJRTICACEJE. (NETTLE FAMILY.)

A large and interesting order, embracing trees, shrubs, and
herbs, principally natives of the tropics, although the temperate
zones contain a considerable number.

The trees and shrubs have generally a milky juice, the herbs
a watery one. This juice in some of the sub-orders is acrid and
poisonous. The celebrated Bohon Upas, one of the deadliest

124 History of Hingham.

poisons known, is the concrete juice of one species found in the
islands of the Indian Ocean. The hairs on the leaves of the
nettles are proverbial for their stinging qualities. Notwithstand-
ing the poisonous properties of the sap of some species, the cele-
brated Cow-tree of South America supplies a milky juice which
is wholesome and valuable as food or drink. This order also
produces the Fig, Breadfruit, Mulberry, and other fruits, besides
the Hop. Hemp, and Fustic, are also products of this family,
as is Gum-lac. The famous Banyan-tree is one of the species.

Ulmus, L.

Americana, L. Elm.
Celtis, Tourn.

occidentalis, L. Hack-berry.
Urtica, Tourn.

gracilis, Ait. Nettle.

dioica, L.

urens, L.
Pilea, Lin (11.

pumila, Gray. Richweed.
Bcehmeria, Jacq.

cylindrica, Willd. False Nettle.

Cannabis, Tourn.
sativa, L.

Parietaria, Tourn.

Pennsylvaniea, Muhl. Pellitory. Rare.

69. PLATANACEiE. (PLANE-TREE FAMILY.)

An order of trees and shrubs, natives of the Levant, Barbary,
and North America. The trees of this family are immense ;
specimens of our only species having been found in the West,
thirteen feet in diameter. A tree of the Oriental Plane (P. ori-
cntalis) standing on the bank of the Bosphorus, is 141 feet in
circumference and believed to be 2,000 years old. The wood of
the trees of this order is used in the arts.

Platanus, L.

occidentalis, L. Bnttonwood.

70. JUGLANDACB3!. (WALNUT FAMILY.)

An important family, of about thirty species, principally in-
habiting North America. It comprises trees of large size and
imposing appearance, which are very useful in the arts ; fur-
nishing valuable timber, besides affording a dye-stuff made from
the husks and roots. Sugar similar to maple sugar is obtained
from the sap, and the leaves and bark of some species are used
in medicine. The fruit of many trees of this order is highly
esteemed.

The Botany of Hingham. 125

Carya, Nutt.

alba, Nutt. Shag-bark Hickory,
tomentosa, Nutt. Mocker-nut Hickory,
porcina, Nutt. Pig-nut Hickory,
amara, Nutt. Bitter-nut Hickory.

71. MYRICACEiE. (SWEET GALE FAMILY.)

A small family, inhabiting the temperate parts of North Amer-
ica, India, South Africa, and Europe. The fruit of the Bayberry
affords a wax sometimes used in making candles.

Myrica, L.

cerifera, L. Bayberry.
asplenifolia, Endl. Sweet Fern.

72. CUPULIFERiB. (OaK FAMILY.)

This noble order comprises the Birch, Alder, Hornbeam,
Hazel. Oak, Chestnut, and Beech. It inhabits principally the
north temperate zone ; but species are common as far south as
tbe mountainous districts of the tropics. It contains trees of
magnificent size and grandeur, and low shrubs.

Its importance to man, both in the arts and in medicine, and
as furnishing food, is well known.

Betula, Tourn.

lenta, L. Black Birch,
lutea, Mx. f. Yellow Birch,
populifolia, Ait. White Birch.
papyrifera, Marsh. Canoe Birch. Rare.

AlmiS, Tourn.

incana, Willd. Alder,
serrulata, Willd. Smooth Alder.

Carpinus, L.

Caroliniana, Walt. Hornbeam.

Ostrya, Micheli.

Virginica, Willd. Hop Hornbeam.

Corylus, Tourn.

Americana, Walt. Hazel.
rostrata, Ait. Beaked Hazel.

Quercus, L.

alba, L. White Oak.

bicolor, Willd. Swamp Oak.

Prinus, L. Chestnut Oak.

Muhlenbergii, Engel. Yellow Chestnut Oak.

prinoides, Willd. Chinquapin Oak.

ilicifolia, Wang. Bear Oak.

coccinea, Wang. Scarlet Oak.

tinctoria, Bartram. Black Oak.

rubra, L. Red Oak.

126 History of Hingham.

Castanea, Tourn.

sativa, Mill., var. Americana. Chestnut.

Fagus, Tourn.

ferruginea, Ait. Beech.

73. SALICACE.SJ. (WlLLOW FAMILY.)

This family, comprising the Willows and Poplars, is found
almost entirely in the temperate and frigid zones. Two species
are the most northern woody plants known. The order embraces
trees and shrubs; some trees reaching a height of eighty feet,
and certain species of the shrubs, in alpine and arctic regions,
rising scarcely more than an inch from the ground. The family
is variously useful in the arts and valuable in medicine, and
the leaves and young shoots furnish fodder for cattle in some
countries.

Salix, Tourn.

alba, L., var. vitellina. Koch. White Willow.

tristis. Ait. Dwarf Gray Willow.

humilis, Marsh.

discolor, Muhl. Glaucous Willow.

sericea, Marsh. Silky Willow.

petiolaris, Smith. Petioled Willow.

rostrata, Richard. Livid Willow.

lucida, Muhl. Shining AVillow.

nigra, Marsh. Black Willow.

myrtilloides, L. Myrtle Willow.

Populus, Tourn.

tremuloides, Mx. American Aspen,
grandidentata, Mx. Large-toothed Poplar,
balsamifera, L., var. candicans, Gray. Balm of Gilead.

74. CERATOPHYLLACE-SJ. (HORNWORT FAMILY.)

Aquatic plants growing in slow streams and ponds.

Ceratophyllum, L.

demersum, L. Hornwort.

75. CONIFERS. (PlNE FAMILY.)

An order of evergreen trees and shrubs, common to the tem-
perate and torrid zones, but more extensive in the former regions.
The tropical species differ entirely from those existing in cold
climates. The family embraces both low shrubs and some of the
tallest trees in the world ; the gigantic Pines and Redwoods of Cali-
fornia. It is of great importance to man, furnishing timber, tur-
pentine, tar, pitch, and resin, besides certain oils. The seeds of
some species arc esculent, and the order is of value in medicine.

The Botany of Hingham. Ill

Chamaecyparis, Spach.

spliEeroidea, Spach. White Cedar.
Juniperus, L.

communis. L. Juniper.

Virgin iana, L. Red Cedar.
Pinus, Tourn.

rigida. Miller. Pitch Pine.

strobus, L. White Pine.
Picea, Link.

nigra, Link. Black Spruce.
Tsuga, Carr.

Canadensis, Carr. Hemlock.

MOXOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS : ENDOGENS.

76. ORCHID ACEiE. ( ORCHIS FAMILY.)

A vast family of mostly herbaceous plants, although some in
the tropics are shrubs. Many of the orchids are epiphytes;
plants growing on living or dead trees, but drawing sustenance
from the air. They are natives of all parts of the world, but
most numerous in the tropical forests of America, and are re-
markable for the extreme beauty and odd structure of their
flowers, as well as for the grotesque character of the stems and
roots of many species. The root tubercles of a few species fur-
nish the ingredients of a nutritious article of food. Vanilla is
a product of a climbing shrub belonging to the order. Only a
few species grow in the United States.

Corallorhiza, Haller.

multiflora, Nutt. Coral-root.

Spiranthes, Rich.

cernua, Rich. Ladies' Tresses,
gracilis, Big.

Goodyera, R. Br.

repens, R. Br. Rattlesnake Plantain,
pubescens, R. Br.

Arethusa, Gronov.

bulhosa, L.
Calopogon, R. Br.

pulchellus, R. Br.

Pogonia, Juss.

ophioglossoides, Nutt.

Habenaria, Willd.

tridentata, Hook.

blephariglottis, Torr. White Fringed Orchis.

virescens, Spreng.

lacera, R. Br. Ragged Orchis.

psycodes, Gray. Fringed Orchis.

fimbriata, R. Br. Large Fringed Orchis.
Cypripedium, L.

acaule, Ait. Ladies' slipper.

128 History of H Ingham.

77. iridace-E. (Iris Family.)

Herbaceous plants, with tuberous roots, natives of the Cape
of Good Hope, Central Europe, and North America. They are
celebrated more for their beauty than for use, although some
are medicinal and the root-stocks of a few are edible. Saffron
is the product of one species.

The Flower-de-Luce, Crocus, and Gladiolus are of this family.

Iris, Tourn.

versicolor, L. Blue Flag.
prismatica, Pursh. Slender Flag.

Sisyrinchium, L.

anceps, Cav. Blue-eyed Grass,
angustifoliuin, Mill.

78 AMARYLLIDACE5!. (AMARYLLIS FAMILY.)

Generally bulbous herbs, mostly tropical, furnishing our gar-
dens with some of their most splendid flowers. A few species have
poisonous properties. The celebrated Mexican drink, pulque, is
made from the Agave.

Hypoxis, L.

erecta, L. Star-grass.

79. LILIACEiE. (LlLY FAMILY.)

A large family of principally herbaceous plants, with generally
bulbiferous roots, found mostly in the warmer portions of the
temperate zones. A few tropical species are trees or shrubs. The
order embraces many of our most beautiful wild and cultivated
plants. Some species are useful in medicine, furnishing squills,
aloes, etc. A few such as Onion, Garlic, Asparagus, are edible
Some are used in the arts.

Smilax, Tourn.

rotundifolia, L. Greenbrier.

glauca, Walt. Rare.

herbacea, L. Carrion-flower.
Asparagus, Tourn.

officinalis, L.

Polygonatum, Tourn.

biflorum, Ell. Solomon's Seal.
Smilacina, Desf.

racemosa, Desf.

stellata, Desf.
Maianthemum, Wigg.

Canadense, Desf. Low Solomon's Seal.
Hemerocallis, L.

fulva, L. Day Lily.

The Dolmny of Hlmjham. 129

Allium, L.

vineale, L. Garlic.
Canadense, Kalin.

Muscari, Toarn.

botryoides, Mill. Grape Hyacinth. Rare.

Ornithogalum, Touro.

umbellatum, L. Star of Bethlehem.

Lilium, L.

Philadelphicum, L. Orange Lily.

Canadense, L. Yellow Lily.
Erythronium, L.

Americanum, Ker. Dog-toothed Violet.

Oakesia, Watson.

sessilifolia, Watson. Bellwort.

Clintonia, Raf.

borealis, Raf. Rare.

Medeola, Gronov.

Virginiana, L. Cucumber-root.

Trillium, L.

cernuum, L. Nodding Trillium.

Veratrum, Tourn.

viride, Ait. Hellebore.

80. PONTEDERIACE^J. (PlCKEREL-WEED FAMILY.)

Aquatic herbs, natives of America and tropical Asia and
Africa, growing in shallow water.

Pontederia, L.

cordata, L. Pickerel-weed.

81. XYRIDACEiE. (YELLOW-EYED GRASS FAMILY.)

Sedge-like herbs, natives of the tropics, with few species in-
digenous northward.

Xyris, Gronov.

flexuosa, Muhl. Yellow-eyed Grass.

82. juncace^i. (Rush Family.)

Grassy or Sedgy herbs, generally natives of temperate zones,
growing in dry or marshy grounds.

Luzula, D C.

campestris, D C. Wood Rush.

Juncus, Tourn.

effusus, L. Bulrush.
Balticus, Dethard, var. littoralis, Engel.
bufonius, L.
VOL. t. — 9

130 History of Hingham.

Gerardi, Loisel. Black Grass.

tenuis, Willd.

Greenii, Oakes & Tuck.

pelocarpus, E. Meyer.

acumiuatus, Mx.

scirpoides, Lam.

Canadensis, J. Gay.

Canadensis var. longicaudatus, Engel.

83. TYPHACEiE. (CAT-TAIL FAMILY.)

An order of marsh herbs common to all portions of the earth.
The young shoots of some species are edible. The pollen is
inflammable, and used in fireworks. The flags, or leaves, are
made into chair-seats. One of the species is the Cat-o'-nine-tails.

Typha, Tourn.

latifolia, L. Cat-tail.
Sparganium, Tourn.

simplex, Hudson. Bur-reed.

simplex, Huds., var. androcladum, Engel.

84. ARACE-5J. (ARUM FAMILY.)

A large family, principally inhabiting the tropics. They are
mostly herbaceous, though some tropical species are shrubby.
Certain plants of the order are esculent, and others medicinal.
Some species are very poisonous, if eaten.

Arisaema, Mart.

triphyllum; Torr. Indian Turnip.
Peltandra, Raf.

undulata, Raf. Arrow Arum.

Calla, L.

palustris, L. Water Arum.

Symplocarpus, Salis.

foetidus, Salis. Skunk Cabbage.

Acorus, L.

Calamus, L. Sweet Flag.

85. LEMNACR5!. (DUCK-WEED FAMILY.)

These are the simplest, and some species are the smallest, of
flowering plants. They float free on the top of the water, having
no stems.

Lemna, L.

trisulca, L. Duck-weed,
minor, L.

Spirodela, Schleid.

polyrrhiza, Schleid.

The Botany of Hingham. 131

86. ALISMACE-3EJ. (WATER PLANTAIN FAMILY.)

Aii order of marsh or water plants, chiefly natives of northern
latitudes. The root-stock of one species is esculent ; otherwise
the family is of no use to man.

Sagittaria, L.

variabilis, Euglm. Arrow-head.

87. NAIADACB5!. (PONDWEED FAMILY.)

Aquatic plants found in both salt and fresh waters in all
countries.

Triglochin, L.

maritima, L. Arrow-grass.

Potamogeton, Touru.

natans, L. Pondweed.
Pennsylvanicus, Chain,
hybridus, Mx.
pulcher, Tuck.
pauciHorus, Pursh.
pucillus, L.

Zostera, L.

marina, L. Eel-grass.

Ruppia, L.

maritima. Ditch-grass.

88. ERIOCATJLE^J. (PlPEWORT FAMILY.)

An order of plants growing in or contiguous to water, and
mostly natives of South America. But one species has been
found in Hingham. This grows on the borders of ponds, only
a few inches high ; but in deep water the stem attains a length
of several feet.

Eriocaulon, L.

septangulare, With. Pipewort.

89. CYPERACE51. (SEDGE FAMILY.)

An order of plants akin to the Grasses, which occur in all
zones. They are generally of low growth, although some species,
as the Bulrush and Papyrus, reach a respectable size. The
family is of little importance as compared with the Grasses,
although the Egyptian Papyrus was of great value for a num-
ber of purposes in ancient times, and the Bulrush and Cotton
Grass are now used in the arts. A few species are esculent or
medicinal.

Cyperus, Tourn.

diandrus Torr.
Nuttallii, Torr.

182 History of Hingham.

dentatus, Torr.
esculentus. L.
strigosus, L.
filiculmis, Vahl.

Dulichium, Pers.

spatbaceum, Pers.

Eleocharis, R. Br.
ovata, R. Br.
palustris, R. Br.
tenuis, Schult.
acicularis, R Br.

Fimbristylis, Vahl.

autumnalis, Rocm. & Schult.
capillaris, Gray.

Scirpus, Tourn.

subterminalis, Torr. Club-Rush,
pungens, Vahl.
lacustris, L.
maritimus, L.
atrovirens, Muhl.

Eriophorum, L.
cyperinum, L.

Virgiuicum, L. Cotton-grass,
polystachyon, L.

Rhynchospora, Vahl.

alba, Vahl. Beak-Rush,
glomerata, Vahl.

Carex, L.

folliculata, L.

inturnescens, Rudge.

lupulina, Muhl.

lurida, Wahl.

Pseudo-Cyperus, L. var. Americana Hochst.

scabrata, Schw.

vestita, Willd.

riparia, W. Curtis.

filiformis, L. var. latifolia, Boeckl.

stricta, Lam. var. angustata, Bailey.

stricta, Lam. var. decora, Bailey.

crinita, Lam.

virescens, Muhl.

debilis, Mx. var. Rudgei, Bailey.

gracillima, Schw.

flava, L.

pallescens, L.

conoidea, Schk.

laxiflora, Lam.

laxiflora, Lam. var. patulifolia, Carey.

laxiflora, Lam. var. striatula, Carey.

platyphylla, Carey.

The Botany of Hlngkam. 133

panicea, L.

Pennsylvania, Lain.

varia, Muhl.

stipata, Muhl.

vuloinohlea, Mx.

rosea, Sehk.

muricata. L.

Muhlenbergii, Sckh.

echinata, Murr. var. cephalantha, Bailey.

echinata, Murr. var. microstachys, Boeckl.

cauescens, L.

trisperma, Dewey.

broraoides, Schk.

scoparia, Schk.

silicea, Olney.

stramiuea, Willd. var. aperta, Boott.

straminea, Willd. var. fceuea, Torr.

90. G-RAMINEiE. (GRASS FAMILY.)

All order of plants growing all over the world, but most preva-
lent in the temperate zones, where they cover the ground with a
low turf. Tn the tropics they rise to the stature of trees, as in
the bamboos, and grow in an isolated manner, never forming a
turf. This family, of about four thousand species, is of all the
orders of plants the most useful to man. It comprehends all the
grains, the farinaceous seeds of which form a chief part of human
food, and the grasses furnish a very great proportion of the fodder
upon which cattle live. Sugar is the product of a grass. The
malt, and many spirituous liquors are made from fruit of some of
the species. Many are used in the arts and a few yield oil.

Only one species has been supposed to be poisonous, and the
best authorities consider the supposition erroneous.

Paspalum, L.

setaceum, Mx.

Panicum, L.

filiforrne, L.
glabrum, Gaudin.
sanguinale, L. Crab-grass,
agrostoides, Muhl.
proliferum. Lam.
capillare, L.
virgatum, L.
latifolium, L.
clandestinum, L.
dichotomum, L.

numerous varieties,
depauperatum, Muhl.
Crus-galli, L. Barn -yard Grass.

134 History of Hingham.

Setaria, Beauv.

glauca, Beauv. Foxtail.
viridis, Beauv. Bottle Grass.

Cenchrus, L.

tribuloides, L. Hedgehog- Grass.

Spartina, Schreb.

cynosuroides, Willd. Marsh Grass.

juncea, Willd.

stricta, Roth. var. glabra, Gray.

Zizania, Gronov.

aquatica, L. Wild Rice.

Leersia, Swartz.

oryzoides, Sw. White Grass.

Andropogon, Royen.

furcatus, Muhl. Beard Grass,
scoparius, Mx.
macrourus, Mx. Rare.

Chrysopogon, Trin.

nutans, Benth. Broom Com.

Anthoxanthum, L.

odoratum, L. Sweet Vernal Grass.

Hierochloe, Gmel.

borealis, Rcem. & Schult. Holy Grass.

Alopecurus, L.

pratensis, L. Meadow Foxtail.
geniculatus, L. Floating Foxtail.
geniculatus var. aristulatus, Mx.

Aristida, L. Poverty Grass,
dichotoma, Mx.
gracilis, Ell.
purpurascens, Poir. Rare.

Oryzopsis, Mx.

asperifolia, Mx. Mountain Rice.

Muhlenbergia, Schreb.

capillaris, Kunth. Hair Grass. Rare.

Brachyelytrum, Beauv.
aristatum, Beauv.

Phleum, L.

pratense, L. Herd's Grass.

Sporobolus, R. Br.

asper, Kunth. Rush Grass.

vaginaeflorus, Vasey.

serotinus, Gray. Drop-seed Grass.

Agrostis, L.

perennans, Tuck. Thin Bent Grass.

scabra, Willd. Hair Grass.

alba, L. White Bent Grass.

alba, L., var. vulgaris, Thurb. Red Top.

The Botany of Hingham. 135

Calamagrostis, Adans.

Canadensis, Beauv. Blue Joiut Grass.
Nuttalliana, Steud.

Ammophila, Host.

arundiuacea, Host. Sea Sand Reed.

Cinna, L.

arundinacea, L. Wood Reed Grass.

Deschampsia, Beauv.

flexuosa, Trin. Hair Grass.

Holcus, L.

lanatus, L. Velvet Grass.

Danthonia, D C.

spicata, Beauv. Oat Grass,
compressa, Austin.

Eragrostis, Beauv.
minor, Host.
pectinacea, Gr. var. spectabilis, Gray.

Triodia, R. Br.

purpurea, Hack. Sand Grass.

Phragmites, Trin.

communis, Trin. Reed.

Briza, L.

media, L.

Dactylis, L.

glomerata, L. Orchard Grass.

Distichlis, Raf.

maritima, Raf. Spike Grass.

Poa, L.

annua, L. Low Spear Grass.
compressa, L. Wire Grass,
serotina, Ehrhart. Fowl-meadow Grass,
pratensis, L. Kentucky Blue Grass.
trivialis, L. Rough Blue Grass.

Glyceria, R. Br.

Canadensis, Trin. Rattlesnake Grass.

obtusa, Trin.

nervata, Trin.

pallida, Trin.

fluitans, R. Br.

acutiflora, Torr.

Puccinellia, Pari.
distans, Pari,
maritima, Pari.

Festuca, L.

tenella, Willd. Fescue Grass.

ovina, L. Sheep's Grass.

elatior, L. var. pratensis, Gray. Tall Grass.

nutans, Willd. Nodding Grass.

136 History of H Ingham.

Bromus, L.

secalinus, L. Chess.
mollis, L. Soft Chess,
ciliatus, L.
tectorum, L. Rare.

Agropyrum, Grcrt.

repens, Beauv. Quitch Grass.

Elymus, L.

Virginicus, L. Lyme Grass,
striatus, Willd.

Lolium, L.

perenne, Ray or Rye Grass.

CRYPTOGAMOUS or FLOWERLESS PLANTS.

91. EQUISETACEiE. (HORSETAIL FAMILY.)

A family of one genus, growing on wet or low grounds. The
fossil remains found in coal deposits, show that these plants were
once of enormous size, and formed a large part of the original plant
life of the globe ; but the few species which exist now comprise
low, simple, or in some cases branched plants, leafless, and hav-
ing jointed hollow stems. They abound in silex, and are used
somewhat in the arts.

Equisetum, L.

arvense, L. Horsetail,
sylvaticum, L.

92. filices. (Ferns.)

One of our most beautiful orders of plants which, in the early
history of the globe, formed a very considerable part of its flora.
They were of great size, and our vast coal-fields are largely com-
posed of the fossil remains of ferns. With us they are low and
slender, but in warmer regions they attain the size of small
trees.

Polypodium, L.

vulgare, L. Polypody.

Pteris, L.

aquilina, L. Brake.

Woodwardia, Smith.

Virginica, Smith. Chain Fern,
angustifolia, Smith.

Asplenium, L.

Trichomanes, L. Spleen-wort,
ebeneum, Ait.
Felix-foemina, Bernh.

The Botany of Hingham. 137

Phegopteris, Fee.

hexagonoptera, Fee. Beech Fern.

Aspidium, Sw.

Thelypteris, Swartz. Shield Fern.
Noveboraeense, Swartz.
spinulosum, Swartz.
cristatum, Swartz.
marginale, Swartz.
acrostichoides, Swartz.

Cystopteris, Bernh.

fragilis, Bernh. Bladder Fern.

Onoclea, L.

sensibilis, L. Sensitive Fern.

Licksonia, L'Her.

pilosiuscula, Willd.

Osmunda, L.

regalis, L. Flowering Fern.

Claytoniana, L.

ciniiainoinea, L. Cinnamon Fern.

93. OPHIOGLOSSACEiE. (ADDER'S-TONGUE FAMILY.)

The plants of this order have the general characters of the
Filices, but differ in some structural peculiarities, for which they
have been placed in a separate order. The Botrichium ternaturn
is a beautiful species.

Botrichium, Sw.

ternaturn, Sw. Moonwort.
several varieties.

Ophioglossum, L.

vulgatum, L. Adder's Tongue.

94 LYCOPODIACE^]. (CLUB-MOSS FAMILY.)

An order of low, creeping, moss-like, evergreen plants ; but in
the early ages of the world this family contained many of gigan-
tic size. Some species are emetic, but otherwise their properties
are unimportant. The powder (spores) contained in the spore-
cases is highly inflammable and is used in the manufacture of
fireworks.

Lycopodium, L.

lucidulum, Mx. Club-moss,
obscurum, L. Ground Pine,
clavatum, L. Club-moss,
complanatum, L. Spreaditig-moss.
auuotiuum, L.

138 History of Hingham.

95. SELAGUSTELLACEiE.

Low, leafy, moss-like or marsh plants, differing from the club-
mosses in having two kinds of spores.

Selaginella, Beau v.

rupestris, Spring.

THE TREES AND SHRUBS OF HINGHAM.

BY EDWARD T. BOUVE.

The beauty of the natural scenery of Hingham, extremely diver-
sified as it is by hill and valley, pond and stream, and by its long
and varied coast-line, is greatly enhanced by the extent and vari-
ety of its woodlands.

Standing on some of the highest hills, the picture spread out to
the view in various directions is that of a sea of verdure, stretch-
ing to the far horizon, as impenetrable to the vision as the virgin
forest that covered the land like a shadow when the pilgrims first
set foot on the darkly wooded shore of this county.

These woodlands are rich in the number of species, and add a
corresponding variety to the landscape at all seasons. In winter
and early spring the purplish-gray masses form a picturesque
background to the snowy fields, except where these are fringed
by dark evergreens. They vary in their summer dress from the
black-green of the savins to the brilliancy of the oaks that reflect
the flashes of sunbeams from their polished foliage. In autumn
they light up the hillsides with colors of fire.

But not alone do the continuous woods interest the observer.
Individual trees remarkable for size and symmetry are not rare ;
and the wild hedge-rows along fences or old stone-walls, as well
as the clumps and thickets in the fields, are made up of shrubs
and woody plants whose very existence, conspicuous as many of
these are in their flower, fruit, or foliage, is no more recognized
than is their beauty appreciated by the great majority of people
who spend a lifetime side by side with them.

A series of rambles over the hills, through the woods, by the
meadow-bordered streams and along the seashores of Hingham,
will always well repay

"him who in the love of Nature holds
Communion with her visible forms."

The woody plants of New England embrace nearly two hundred
and fifty species. Of these, there are indigenous to Hingham
about half that number.

BERBERIDACBiE.

In all parts of the town grows that always beautiful shrub, the
Barberry (_Berberis vulgaris, L.).

140 History of Hingham.

It prefers the hillsides, although very fine specimens are found
in rough, swampy land. Its delicate racemes of fragrant yellow
flowers in the spring-time, its rich foliage through the summer,
and brilliant clusters of scarlet fruit in autumn, make it at all
seasons one of the most ornamental wild shrubs.

TILIACEiE.

The American Linden (Tilia Americana, L.) grows all along
the water line of Hingham from Weymouth River and Huit's
Cove, where there are many fine specimens, at intervals on the
shores of the inner harbor, and plentifully on the borders of the
pretty inlets and coves of Weir River Bay. Although also found
inland, it much prefers the immediate neighborhood of the sea.

ILICINEiE.

The American Holly {Ilex opaca, Ait.) grows most plenti-
fully in the woods of the eastern part of Hingham. although it
occurs also elsewhere occasionally, notably at Turkey Hill and
near Old Colony Hill. This tree is always brilliant, its shining,
polished leaves, armed with spines, being even more noticeable in
the winter woods than they are when new and fresh in summer.
The small, white flowers are not showy, but the scarlet berries
form a striking^ contrast to the evergreen foliage in the winter.

The Black Alder (Ilex verticillata, Gray). This plant grows
everywhere in Hingham, preferring low, wet lands. Its flowers,
small and white, are in crowded clusters in the axils of leaves.
The brilliant scarlet fruit is the cause of the beautiful display
which this shrub makes, all along roadsides in low grounds, and
in swamps, through the fall and early winter.

The Single-berry Black Alder (Ilex laevigata. Gray) grows
in Hingham in the deep swamps of the southern borders of the
town. It differs from the I. verticillata in having more slender
and delicate leaves, and larger, scarcer, and more orange-colored
berries. The sterile flowers are on long peduncles.

The Ink Berry (Ilex glabra, Gray) is found on the high lands
of Union Street, Third Division woods, and rarely in the south-
ern woods of the town. It is one of the most elegant of shrubs :
and is from two to six feet in height, having brightly polished,
narrow, evergreen leaves, and shining, black berries. The flowers
are white, small, and inconspicuous, as in the other species of
Ilex.

Mountain Holly (Nemopanthes fascicularis, Raf.). An ele-
gant shrub, with bluish-green leaves on purple or crimson leaf-
stalks. The flowers are white, the fruit crimson-red berries on
long red peduncles. It grows in the deeply wooded swamps of
South Hingham, and at Turkey Hill and Lasell Street woods.

X

V.

The Trees and Shrubs of Hlngham. 141

CELASTRACE^J.

Nature's Waxwork (Celastrus scandens, L.) is common in
many parts of the town, although it seems to prefer the approxi-
mate neighborhood of the sea. It is a pretty climber, deriving its
popular name from the brilliant and artificial cbaracter of its red
and yellow fruit.

RHAMNACEiE.

The Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica, L.) grows sparingly in
Hingham. It may be found at Turkey Hill and Third Division
woods, possibly elsewhere growing wild, besides being cultivated
somewhat for hedges.

Jersey Tea (Ceanothus Americanus, L.). This pretty little
shrub occurs in Lincoln Street woods, toward Huit's Cove, in the
woods southeast of Old Colony Hill, at Peck's Pasture, Stoddard's
Neck, and probably elsewhere. Tlie plant has a special interest,
from having been used as tea during the Revolutionary war.

VITACEiE.

The Wild Grape is represented in Hingham by two species,
the Common or Fox Grape ( Vitis labrusea, L.), and the more
delicate Summer Grape ( Vitis aestivalis, Michx.) with its compact
bunches of very small berries. This is more rare than the labrusea,
occurring in the woods between Old Colony Hill and Weir River,
as well as in Third Division, Union Street, and Lasell Street
woods, and probably elsewhere in town. But the labrusea is
found everywhere, and with its rapid growth covers the swampy
woods with a tropical luxuriance of rich foliage, while its small
and inconspicuous flowers in the spring, and dark purple or amber
clusters of fruit in autumn fill the air with delicious fragrance.

The Woodbine (Ampelopsis quinquefolia, Michx.) grows in
every part of the township. Finest among our climbing vines, in
summer covering in careless profusion of foliage the gray rock, or
hanging in delicate festoons from tall trees, its strongly individual
leaves, resembling somewhat an irregular, live-pointed star, render
it conspicuous. But in the fall, flung with Nature's inimitable
grace like a scarlet mantle around the cone of a savin, its younger
sprays fringing here and there the flame-colored masses, there
is no more striking contrast in the woodlands than its brilliancy
and the black-green of the cedar. The deep blue of its corymbed
berries adds variety to the picture.

SAPINDACE^J.

The Maple family is represented in Hingham by the Red
Maple (Acer rubrum, L.), which grows everywhere in low and

142 History of Hingham.

swampy lands, while it also flourishes on uplands. It is a hand-
some tree, conspicuous in the fall through the bright uniform red
of its leaves.

The Sugar Maple (Acer saccharinum, Wang.) is also indigenous
to this region, although the fact of its being so is not generally
known. It grows, and specimens of large size are now standing,
near the Cohasset line. This species, which is cultivated every-
where in town as an ornamental tree, is always one of our most
beautiful shade-trees. Bright and healthy in foliage all through
the summer, in autumn nothing can exceed its beauty, the leaves
turning red, scarlet, and yellow, these colors often mingling in
patches with the bright green on individual leaves. The forests
in the North, when made up mainly of the Sugar Maple, exhibit a
splendor unparalleled elsewhere in the world.

ANACARDIACEiE.

The plants of the Rhus family are very common all over the
township, and on one or two of the islands. The Staghorn
Sumac (Rhus typhina, L.), its leaves coarser, and like the branch-
lets and deep crimson fruit, very velvety-hairy, and the Smooth
Sumac (Rhus glabra, L.) with leaves, branches, and scarlet fruit
smooth, are found everywhere. The smaller and more delicate
Dwarf Sumac (Rhus copallina, L.) grows east of the Old Colony
Hill and in various other localities. It is a beautiful species, by
no means so common as the preceding.

The Poison Dogwood (Rhus venenata, D C ), a delicate low
tree, is common in swamps everywhere; and the Poison Ivy
(Rhus Toxicodendron, L.) grows in great profusion. No family
of woody plants presents a more show}- beauty of foliage at all
seasons than this. In the gorgeous apparel of autumn, the Rhus
is particularly conspicuous, and of all the species, the most bril-
liant is the dangerous Poison Dogwood.

LEGUMINOSiE.

This order has but one representative among our woody plants :
the Common Locust (Robinia pseudacaeia, L.). The Locust grows
on Lincoln Street, Kilby Street, at Rocky Nook, and elsewhere.
Its delicate foliage and long racemes of fragrant white flowers
would make it one of the most desirable of our ornamental trees
but for the ravages of the worm which honeycombs its very hard
and tough wood, and often destroys its beauty at an early age.

ROSACEiE.

This large order in its subdivisions is very fully represented in
Hingham.

The Beach Plum (Primus maritima, Wang.) still exists on

The Trees and Shrubs of Hingham. 143

the westerly slope of Peek's Pasture, near the water, and prob-
ably grew formerly all along' our beaches and shores. It may
possibly be found now in some such localities, although it has be-
come very rare. The best specimen known to have been lately
standing, was growing a few years since near the steamboat- land-
ing on Summer Street. It has unfortunately been destroyed.

The American Red Cherry (Primus Pennsylvanica, Li.) grows
in nearly every part of the town. It is a low tree, distinguished
by its red bark, small, red, translucent fruit, and narrow leaves,
tlie two semi-blades of which double toward one another, forming
an angle with the midrib. The flowers of this species in favorable
locations are very large and showy, and their beauty ought to lead
to its cultivation as an ornamental tree.

Bullace Plum (Prunus spinosa, L. var. insititia). This is a
variety of the Sloe or Black Thorn, being a shrub with thorny
branches, sharply serrate, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat pubescent
leaves. It is very rare in Hingham, having been found on Weir
River Lane.

The Choke Cherry (Primus Virginiana, L.) is also common.
It is a shrub or low tree, distinguishable from the Black Cherry by
the peculiar serratures of the leaf, which are fine, sharp, and bend
forward toward the apex. Its flowers also, are larger and more
showy, and the very astringent property of its conspicuous and
handsome fruit is familiar to every one.

The Black Cherry (Primus serotina, Ehrh.) is found every-
where in Hingham as a low shrub, as well as among our largest
and finest trees. It grows to an immense size, although the
wholesale destruction of our forests and individual trees has
unhappily left but \ery few specimens of even respectable dimen-
sions in this region.

Of the Spiraeas, the Meadow Sweet {Spiraea salicifolia, L.) and
Hardhack or Steeple Bush (Sph-cea tomentosa, L.) are beautiful
denizens of our meadows. The Meadow Sweet grows sometimes
to the height of six feet, and its fragrant white or rose-tinted
blossoms and pretty delicate foliage make it an ever welcome
midsummer and fall flower. Its cousin, the Hardhack, is one of
our most common plants in low grounds, its tapering spike, cov-
ered with rose-colored bloom, showing all along fence-rows and on
hummocks in the meadows.

Wild Red Raspberry (Eubus strigosus, Michx.). Common at
rocky roadsides and in clefts of rocks. A plant hard to distin-
guish from the Thimbleberry, except when in fruit.

Thimbleberry (Rubus occidentalism L.). Common everywhere
in fence-rows and thickets. The fruit purplish-black, while that
of the Raspberry is red. The stems are covered with a heavier
(bluish-white) bloom than those of the Raspberry.

Common High Blackberry (Rubus villosus, Ait.). This plant
is very common, the coarse, thorny stems reaching a height of

144 History of Hingham.

eight or nine feet in favorable situations, such as damp ditches
by roadsides. The white blossoms are very conspicuous. The
fruit is firm, close-grained, sometimes hardly edible.

Low Blackberry (Rub us Canadensis, L.). This is a trailing,
thorny vine, growing in rough fields where the soil is sandy, and
on hillsides in all parts of the town. The fruit is juicy and
agreeable.

Running Swamp Blackberry (Rubus hispidus, L.). A delicate,
pretty species, with shining leaves, found in marshes and dam])
woods. The fruit is sour, and of a red or purple color. Quite
common.

The Swamp Rose (Rosa Carolina, L.). This is the common
wild rose of our swampy lands. It is often, in wet places, a very
tall plant, rising sometimes to the height of seven or eight feet.
The deeply pink flowers grow in corymbs, and the fruit, scarlet
and bristly, is very brilliant in the fall. The leaflets are dull
above and pale beneath.

The Dwarf Wild Rose (Rosa lueida, Ehrhart) is common, but
on higher grounds, or the border of meadows, growing usually
about two feet in height. The leaves are shining above and
sharply serrate.

The "Sweet Brier" of song and story (Rosa rubi</inosa,~L.).
This beautiful rose, its branches thickly set with hooked bristles
and thorns, grows all through Hingham, mostly in neglected pas-
tures or quiet woods. Its flowers, smaller and paler than those
of the Carolina, and the sweetness of its foliage, which fills the
air about it with fragrance, are its distinguishing characteristics.

The Choke Berry (Pijrus arbutifolia, L.), which grows almost
everywhere in the swamps and low lands, is a beautiful shrub.
The bright, shining, finely serrate leaves, the white and pink fra-
grant flowers, and the clusters of dark crimson fruit (tasting very
much more astringent than the Choke Cherry) mark this plant at
all seasons.

The White or Scarlet-fruited Thorn (Crataegus cocci nea, L.).
This handsome shrub or small tree grows in the fields and woods
bordering Lincoln Street, especially north of Thaxter Street, at
Stoddard's Neck, at Peck's Pasture, and elsewhere. It is con-
spicuous for its bright, shining leaves, rusty-spotted from a fungus
which attacks them early in the season, its fragrant white flowers,
brilliant, scarlet, pear-shaped fruit, a little larger than a cranberry,
and its sharp, rigid thorns.

The Shad Bush (Amelancliier Canadensis, Torrcy & Gray), in
its two varieties, the small tree and the low shrub, grows in all
our woods and along walls and fences. Its showy white, fragrant
flowers, appearing just as the leaves are starting, in May, cover
the branches so densely as to make it appear at a distance as if
loaded with snow. A propensity of the tall variety is to grow
close to larger trees, supported by them. It rarely appears
standing alone and perfectly erect.

The Trees and Shrubs of Hingham. 145

SAXIFRAGACE-22.

Gooseberry (Mibes oxyacanthoides, L.). This species grows in
moist places, along fences and by walls or rocks, everywhere.

H AM AMELIDEiE .

The Witch Hazel (Hamamclis Viryiniana, L.) is with us a
shrub or low tree rarely exceeding twenty-live feet in height.
Straggling and irregular as it generally is, it is unique among our
woody plants from the fact of its blooming and ripening its fruit
at the same time. The peculiar yellow blossoms are an agreeable
surprise to the rambler in the woods in October and November,
latest reminders as they are, with asters and golden rods, of the
season of flowers.

CORNACEiE.

The Cornel family is well represented in Hingham, every spe-
cies common to Xew England growing freely in town, excepting,
probably, C. stolowfera.

The Dwarf Cornel (Cornus Canadensis, L.), a little plant
four to eight inches high, is not properly ranked among the woody
plants, but having a woody root, although neither shrub nor tree,
it is here included. It has its leaves in a whorl of four or six.
At the apex is a cluster of small, greenish flowers surrounded by
a large, four-leaved, showy, white involucre. The fruit is red.
This species grows at Third Division woods and elsewhere.

The Flowering Dogwood ( Cornus florida, L.) occurs in the
woods between the Old Colony Hill, Martin's Well Lane, and Weir
River, in Third Division and Turkey Hill woods, and elsewhere.
The showy beauty of this small tree when in bloom in June is
well known to all who are familiar with woodcraft. The large
white 'involucre, or floral envelope, which surrounds the true flow-
ers, makes it conspicuous for a long distance. Further soutb,
where this species fruits more fully, its brilliant scarlet berries
have the appearance of coral beads hung from the twigs.

The Rou.vd-leaved Cornel (Cor)ius circinata, LVHeritier), a
pretty shrub, occurs in the Martin's Well woods, and at Stoddard's
Xeck, and Hockley. The leaves are large and almost round in
their general shape ; the flowers in white spreading cymes with no
involucre. The fruit is light blue.

The Silky Cornel (Cornus sericea, L.), a large shrub, is found
everywhere in low grounds. The silky down upon the under side
of the leaves and young shoots, and their rusty color, as well as
the purple tint of the branches, mark it plainly. The flowers and
fruit are similar to those of the circinata.

The Red osier Dogwood {Cornus stolonifera, Michx.) has not
been certainly identified in Hingham by the writer, although it
may yet be found within the town limits.

VOL. I. — 10

140 History of Hingham.

The Panicled Cornel ( Cornus paniculata, L'Heritier) grows at
Hockley, Stoddard's Neck, and on Lincoln Street. Its leaves,
liner and darker than in any other of our species, and its more
delicate growth, plainly distinguish it. The white flowers are
somewhat panicled, and the fruit white.

The leaves of the preceding species are all opposite. Those of
the Alternate-leaved Cornel (Cornus alternifolia, L. f.) are
mostly alternate, and crowded at the ends of the branches, which
are also alternate, that is, not opposite each other on the trunk or
limbs. This is a shrub or small tree, of a very elegant appearance,
growing in all parts of Hingham. The white flowers arc in broad
cymes, the fruit deep blue.

The Tupelo (JVyssa sylvatica, Marsh.) is very common. It is
in every way beautiful, its brilliant polished foliage, dark-green in
summer and of a rich red in autumn, rendering it conspicuous.
Either growing singly or in clumps, it is very noticeable, especially
after the fall of the leaves, for its peculiarity in having the numer-
ous branches start from the main trunk or limbs at a right angle,
and tend more or less downward.

CAPRIFOLIACEiE.

The Trumpet Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens, Ait.), so
much cultivated for its beauty, grows wild in the woods on the
easterly slope of Old Colony Hill, and elsewhere, although it has
probably been introduced from more southern localities.

Common Elder (Sambucus Canadensis, L.). This plant grows
everywhere in low grounds. Its large cymes of white fragrant
flowers are conspicuous in early summer, and later in the season
the blackish-purple fruit is no less showy in its way.

The Red-berried Elder (Sambucus racemosa, L.), a beautiful
plant, is very rare in Hingham. The white flowers of this species
are in panicles, and are replaced by bright red berries.

Sweet Viburnum (Viburnum Lentago, L.). This plant has
been found everywhere in damp situations and swampy woodlands.
It is, like all the viburnums, a beautiful shrub, with its bright
green finely serrate leaves, fragrant white dowers, and sweet edible
fruit. A specimen growing east of Old Colony Hill has attained
a diameter of trunk of five to six inches.

Withe-rod ( Viburnum cassinoides, L.). This shrub grows in
the woody swamps of the south and west parts of Hingham, par-
ticularly in Lasell and Gardner streets, and is found also more
sparingly in other localities. This species is distinguished from
the other viburnums by having entire leaves, with wavy or revolute
edges, the others all having sharply serrate leaves.

Arrow-wood (Viburnum dentation, L.). The Arrow-wood is
common in low grounds everywhere. Its very deeply toothed
leaves and long straight stalks distinguish it. The Indians were
said to use its twigs for arrows ; hence the name.

The Trees and Shrubs of Hingham. 147

Maple-leaved Arrow-wood ( Viburnum acerifolium, L ). This
pretty little shrub is (he smallest of our viburnums, although it
oceasionally grows to a height of six feet ami upwards. The
white blossom is very delicate. Its leaves, excepting those at the
apex of the stalks, are so like those of the red maple (hat close
examination is often necessary to distinguish them. The maple
leaves, however, are smooth, while these are somewhat woolly on
the under side.

All the viburnums turn in the fall to a very brilliant crimson
color.

Bush-Hoxeysuckle (Diervilla trifida, Moench). This low,
elegant, but rather inconspicuous shrub is very rare in Hingham,
occurring at Hop-Pole Hill, and possibly in the western part of
the town.

RUBIACEiE.

Button-Bush (Cephalanthus occidentalism L.). This shrub grows
along water-courses and on the banks of ponds in all parts of the
town. Its peculiar spherical heads of white Mowers, very thickly
set, render it conspicuous at time of blooming.

The little trailing Partridge Berry (Mitchella repens, L.'), with
its fragrant white flowers, single or in pairs, and bright scarlet
I terries and evergreen leaves, grows in the Rockland Street and
Cedar Street woods, as well as in a few other places Although
but a little vine, running upon rocks or the ground, it belongs to
the woody plants.

ERICACEiE.

Daxgleberry (G-ai/lussacia frondosa, T. & G-.). This shrub is
not very common, although observed in several localities, notably
in the woods between Old Colony Hill and Weir River. It is
two to five feet high with us, having long, oval leaves, greenish
flowers, and dark-blue sweet berries in loose racemes.

The Huckleberry ( Graylussaeia resinosa, T. & G.) grows
everywhere, preferring rough pasture-lands and rocky hillsides.
It may be distinguished by the resinous deposit on the under sur-
face of the leaves, which is much greater in this species than in
any other ; and by its jet-black, shining fruit. Very rarely the
fruit is found white. The flower is reddish.

Dwarf Blueberry ( Vaccinium Pcnnsylvanicum, Lamarck).
This pretty little blueberry grows in South Hingham, in the
woods east of Old Colony Hill, and doubtless elsewhere. It is a
very low shrub, with small, finely serrate leaves, and furnishes
the earliest blueberries found in the city markets.

Low Blueberry (Vaccinium vacillans, Solander). This little
straggling, low bush is one of our blueberries. It may be dis-
tinguished by the color of the twigs and branches, which is green,
instead of dark, like that of the other species. It is rather com-
mon, existing at South Hingham, Weir River woods east of Old
Colony Hill, and elsewhere.

148 History of Hingham.

Common or Swamp Blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum, L.)
This, a high-bush whortleberry, has a number of varieties for-
merly considered as separate species. It varies greatly in our
woods and swamps, where it grows freely. Its bell-like white
blossom is, in some varieties and in certain favorable locations,
quite large, and iu other cases very small. The foliage also differs
according to locality.

Large or American Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon, Ai-
ton). The Cranberry grows quite commonly in our swamps and
bogs, its delicate sprays being quite easily found when loaded with
its white flowers or crimson fruit.

Mountain Partridge Berry (Chiogenes serpyllifolia, Sal is.).
A pretty, evergreen, creeping plant, very rare, but existing in
swamps in the extreme southerly part of the town. The bell-
shaped white flowers arc like those of the checkerberry, and a
resemblance to this shrub is also found in the flavor of its white
berries.

Bearberry (Arctostajiliylos uva-ursi, Sprengel). This pretty
and rare little shrub, which grows in beds in the woods, has been
found by the writer between Old Colony Hill and Weir River, at
Martin's Lane, and at Liberty Plain. Its stem trails under the
dead leaves and leaf mould, sending up shoots some six inches
high, clothed with bright, polished, thick evergreen leaves. The
flowers are white, at the ends of the branches. The fruit is a red
berry.

Trailing Arbutus, Mayflower {Epiytea repens.L.'). The well-
known Mayflower grows in the woods near the Weymouth line
and in the extreme south part of the town. Efforts made to
domesticate it nearer the seashore have been unsuccessful, as it
is a very wild plant and does not take well to cultivation.

Creeping Wintergreen, Checkerberry (G-aultheria procum-
bens, L.). The Checkerberry is very common in our woods. Its
bright evergreen leaves, sweet white flowers, and scarlet aromatic
berries arc well known to all.

Andromeda (Andromeda Ugustrina, Muhl.). This shrub is
common everywhere in low grounds. Its very full panicles of
small, globular, white flowers in July are replaced later by cor-
responding clusters of the seed-vessels, which hang on for a year
or more. This plant can be distinguished at all seasons by its
thin outer layer of light, cinnamon-colored bark, which seems
always just ready to peel off.

Leucothoe (Leucothoe racemosa. Gray). This beautiful shrub
is rare in Hingham and but little known. It is found in the
woods east of Old Colony Hill, in Cushing Street, in Leavitt
Street woods, and probably grows elsewhere in the south part of
the town. It is from six to ten feet in height, has rather strag-
gling branches, and elliptical leaves, and long one-sided racemes
of white, bell-like flowers, exquisite in beauty and fragrance. Thi
raceme is generally branched once, and the flowers all hang

s

The Trees and Shrubs of Hingham. 149

downward in a regular row. Their peculiar honey-like sweetness
is unequalled by the perfume of any other of our plants.

Leather-Leaf (Cassandra calye-ulata, Don). The Cassandra or
Leather-leaf grows in the swamps near Weir River west of Union
Street and at Sojith Hingham. It is a bright, pretty shrub, two
to five feet high, and has racemes of white sweet flowers much
like those of the Leucothoe, but smaller. The fruit, as in many
plants of the Heath family, is very persistent.

Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latffolla, L.). The Mountain Laurel,
exquisite in its beauty, is found in great quantities just over the
borders of Hingham, but within the limits of the township it is
rare. It grows in one locality at least in the woods near Gardner
Street, in Gushing Street woods, and perhaps may be found
elsewhere.

Sheep Laurel (Kalmia angustifolia, L.). This plant, the
blossom of which is not less beautiful, if less conspicuous, than
the preceding species, is common all through Hingham.

The Clammy Azalea or White Swamp Honeysuckle (Rhodo-
dendron viseosum, Torr.) grows in the wet woods of Summer
Street, Martins Lane, Lascll Street, and Turkey Hill, and is
found also in other localities. Its pretty, white, very fragrant,
and somewhat sticky flowers appear in conspicuous clusters and
are of that trumpet-like shape common to the azalea tribe.

Rhodora (Rhododendron Rhodora, Dow). This beautiful plant
is very rare in this region, being found only in a peaty bog at the
west end, and possibly occurring in the swamps of the south part
of Hingham. Its delicate, rose-colored blossoms, appearing very
early, are among the most exquisite of our wild flowers.

White Alder (Clethra alnifolia, L.). The Clethra inhabits all
our swampy woods, and is well known from its upright racemes
of white fragrant flowers, which are conspicuous from the latter
part of July even into October.

OLEACEiE.

Privet or Prim (Ligustrum vidr/are, L.). This shrub, much
used for hedges, grows wild at Martin's Lane, Lincoln Street
woods, Huit's Cove, Turkey Hill, and Stoddard's Neck. Its fine,
fresh-looking foliage, white flowers, and black berries are familiar
to all observers.

White Ash (Fraxinus Americana, L.). This noble tree is
common in the swampy woods, and as an ornamental tree all over
town. One of the noblest specimens in this State was standing
until 1869 in the field on the corner of Summer and East streets,
opposite the residence of the late Deacon Gorham Lincoln. This
tree was mentioned by Emerson in the " Report on the Trees and
Shrubs of Massachusetts." It measured when he described it, in
1839, four feet two inches in diameter at four and a half feet from
the ground. A tornado, in September, 1869, destroyed it.

150 History of Hingham.

Red Ash (Fraxinus -pubescens, Lam.). The Red Ash, more
rare than the white, is found in swamps on Rockland Street and
probably grows elsewhere in town. It may be distinguished from
the other species by its pubescence and its narrower leaves and
sharper keys or seed-vessels.

Black Ash (Fraxinus sambucifolia, Lam.). This tree, rare in
Hingham, occurs in swamps in Cushing Street and south of the
Old Colony Hill. It grows very tall and slender, and the buds are
conspicuously black.

LAURACEiE.

Sassafras (Sassafras officinale, Nees.). The pleasant aromatic
Sassafras is very common. It is a line tree, with peculiar leaves,
some being regularly lobed, others formed like a mitten, with a
sort of extra lobe on one side. Its green blossoms arc not showy.
The leaves, bark, and especially the root, are highly spicy.

Spice- Bush {Lindera benzoin, Meisner). This plant grows near
water-courses and in low lands in various parts of the town. It
is a beautiful shrub, with a handsome bark, and brilliant shining
leaves which exhale a pungent, spicy odor on being crushed. The
small yellowr blossom is followed by the bright scarlet fruit, some-
thing like a small cranberry in shape.

URTICACE^G.

The White Elm (fUlmu% Americana, L.) is one of our noblest
trees, and grows in all kinds of soil, everywhere, but prefers
swamps. Among the finest specimens in town are the elm at
Rocky Nook, a magnificent and very symmetrical tree, the noble
Cushing elm on Main Street a few rods south of Broad Bridge,
and the tree in front of the Gay estate at West Hingham. The
variety of growth in trees standing alone on wet meadows,
leading to their being called " wine-glass elms," is extremely
beautiful and graceful. Some of these may be seen on the river
banks at Rocky Nook.

The Nettle Tree (Celtis occidental is, L.) grows on the turn-
pike on the westerly slope of Baker's Hill and at Stoddard's
Neck ; also near New Bridge and Cross streets. It is rare. The
very singular twisted and gnarled habit of growth which some
specimens exhibit is peculiar to the species. Its flower is very
inconspicuous ; the fruit a small olive-green berry on a long
stem.

PLATANACEiE.

Buttonwood or Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis, L.). This
tree grows sparingly in all parts of the town. Its ragged, flaky
bark, its large leaves, and the rigid character of its growth
strongly mark it. Some very imposing specimens of this species.

OLI» ELM, EAST STREET.

The Trees and Shrubs of Hingham. 151

stand in various localities, although the injury sustained by the
Buttonwoods some fort}' years ago, generally ascribed to the
severity of a winter, has caused an apparent feebleness in
these trees. For many years they bore no fruit, but of late
they have matured the curious spherical balls of seed vessels,
which, some inch and a half in diameter, hang from the twigs
on stems three to six inches long. One of the finest trees in
town stands at the junction of Main and Leavitt streets on the
Lower Plain.

JUGLANDACEiE

The Hickories are well represented in Hingham.

The Shagbark (Carya alba, Nutt.) is quite common, being met
with in nearly all our woods. Its ragged, shaggy bark gives the
species its name, while its rich, meaty nuts have been sought by
the schoolboy from time immemorial. The Mockernut (Carya
tomentosa, Nutt.) is a fine tree, found everywhere in the woods, as
is also the Pignut (Carya porcina, Nutt.), the outline of the husk
of the nut of which has a not inapt resemblance to a pig's head.
The Bitternut (Carya amara, Nutt.) is more rare. It grows at
Crow Point, Planters Hill, and Union Street, possibly elsewhere.
Its yellow buds and liner foliage, as well as the thinness of the
husk of the nut. distinguish it from the other hickories.

MYRICACEJE.

Bayberry, Wax Myrtle (Myrica cerifera, L.). This beautiful
shrub, from two to ten feet high, is very common. The delicious
aromatic odor of its crushed leaves, and in the fall the crowded
masses of round, small, waxy fruit, clinging to the twigs, are its
peculiarities.

Sweet Fern (Myrica asplenifolia, Endl.). This pretty, low
shrub is very common on dry hillsides and in oak woods. It has
long, narrow, regularly and deeply cut leaves, resembling the
fronds of a fern. These are very aromatic when crushed.

CUPULIFERiE.

The Black or Sweet Birch (Betula lenta, L.) grows in all our
Hingham woods, being rarely met with in open fields. The bark
of its twigs is very aromatic. The leaves are thin and ovate, and
sharply serrate. The bark is dark and ragged.

The Yellow Birch (Betula lufea, Michx. f.) is rare in Hingham.
It grows on the border near Cohasset and in Third Division
woods. Its leaves are hardly to be distinguished from those of
the black birch. The bark of the young shoots is slightly
aromatic. The outer bark of the trunk is greenish-yellow,
shining, and always peeling off in thin layers. The catkins, or
mole blossoms of all the birches are extremely showy and grace-

152 History of Hingham.

ful, loaded as they are when ripe with golden pollen. Those of
this species are especially conspicuous.

American White Birch (Betula populifolia, Ait.). This, the
common White or Little Gray birch of our woods and fields, is a
slender, sometimes rather tall tree, with thin, white, peeling, outer
bark and very small branches, merely twigs in fact, covering the
tree with their growth. It generally grows in clumps, from old
roots, and the trunk is short lived for this reason ; but upon its
being cut or blown down new shoots at once succeed it. The
leaves are small, shining, and triangular.

Canoe Birch (Betula papyrifera, Marsh.). This tree is rare
now, growing only along the shores of the bay near Crow Point,
at Iluit's Cove, and at Broad Cove. Its leaves are thicker and
coarser than those of the other species. The outer bark peels off
in large sheets, is chalky white on the outside layers, the inner
ones pinkish. It was used by the Indians for their canoes. This
is a large and strongly branched tree.

The Speckled Alder (Ahius vncana, Willd.) grows in clumps
along Weir River near Turkey Hill, at South Hingham, and else-
where in wet places. It is a tall shrub with speckled bark, and
serrate and deeply cut dark-green leaves.

The Common Alder (Alnus xcrrulata, Ait.) is present every-
where on wet lands. It is a high shrub, growing in clumps. Tlie
leaves are shining, roundish, and finely serrate. The male flow
ers of the Alders are graceful catkins, generally several together,
and appear very early in spring. The scales open and show at
maturity beautiful golden flowers.

American Hornbeam (Carpinus Caroliniana, Walt.). This
tree, t lie leaves of which are almost exactly like those of the pre-
ceding species, is common in town, preferring low, wet grounds.
It is found at Rocky Nook, Turkey Hill, Lasell Street, and
elsewhere.

The Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya Virginica, Willd.) grows at Old
Colony Hill, dishing Street, Huit's Cove, and at many other
points. Its fruit resembles that of the Hop Vine. The wood is
very hard and the trunk often twisted in appearance.

Common Hazel (Corylus Americana, Walt.). This plant, gen-
erally growing in shrubby bunches, is found everywhere. It is
one of the first of our shrubs to blossom, putting forth its delicate
catkins in early spring, together with the very small and beauti-
ful female flowers, scattered along the twigs like scarlet stars.
Its nuts are much like those of the Filbert imported for the
market.

The Beaked Hazel (Corylus rostrata, Ait.) is occasionally met
with in Hingham, growing in Third Division woods, on Kilby
Street, and elsewhere. The leaves and manner of growth are
hardly distinguishable from those of the Common Hazel. It
derives its name from the curved beak or long point which pro-
jects from the husk which encloses the nut.

The Trees and Shrubs of Hingham. 153

The Oak tribe is very fully represented in all the woods and
fields of the township.

The White Oak (Quercus alba, L.) is a noble tree, very com-
mon, some of the finest specimens being found on the easterly
slopes of Old Colony Hill and thereabouts. Its light bark, the
bluish-green of its rounddobed leaves, and the purplish crimson
of their fall colors easily distinguish it.

The Swamp White Oak {Quercus bicolor, Willd.), scraggy
branched, and with a deep rich green leaf with rounded lobes,
grows everywhere in swamps and low lands.

The Chestnut Oak (Quercus prinus, L.). This tree, with its
variety the Rock Chestnut Oak (a separate species with some
botanists), is very rare, growing only in Third Division woods.
It is a imc tree, although not so large or imposing in appear-
ance as others of the family. Its leaves resemble those of the
Chestnut, hence its name.

Chinquapin Oak (Quercus prinoides, Willd.). This little shrub,
the smallest of the family, rarely reaches five feet in height. It
grows on the bank at Broad Cove, and on the border of the salt
meadow on Otis Street south of Broad Cove, and is also found on
the sandy bank on the northerly border of that portion of the mill-
pond which lies east of Water Street. Its leaves are round-lobed,
verv irregular, and its small acorns are beautifully striped with
black.

The Bear Oak (Quercus illicifolia, Wang.), a shrub usually
five to ten feet high, rarely becomes a small tree of fifteen feet in
height. It grows east of the Old Colony Hill, on Lasell Street, in
the woods near Weymouth, in the south part of Hingham, and
in some other localities. It has leaves with not very prominent
sharply pointed lobes terminated with bristles. The acorns are
quite small and symmetrical.

The Scarlet Oak (Quercus eoccinea, Wang.) grows in all parts
of the town. This species probably crosses with the Black Oak,
in many cases, the typical Black Oak leaf being often found upon
the Scarlet, and that of the Scarlet (which is much more deeply
cut and more highly polished) very often appears upon Black
Oak trees. The only certain way of determining the species in
many cases is to cut into the bark. The inner bark of the Scarlet
is pinkish. That of the Black is bright orange or yellow. The
Scarlet is not one of our largest oaks, but is an elegant tree, its
delicate, shining, sharply lobed leaves, often cut almost down to the
midrib, turning brilliant red or scarlet in autumn.

The Black or Yellow-barked Oak (Quercus tinctoria, Bartram)
is a noble, sturdy tree, growing everywhere in Hingham. The
crevices in its bark are black, which gives it the name. The
leaves, sharp-lobed and more or less deeply cut, turn red or crim-
son in the fall.

The Red Oak (Quercus rubra, L.) is quite common with us.
Some of the noblest trees of this species growing in New England

154 History of Hingham.

stand on East Street opposite Kilby Street. They are monuments
to the owners of the estate upon which they stand, who have
shown, themselves capable of appreciating the magnificence of
these superb monarchs of the forest. It is to be devoutly hoped
that the vandalism which has destroyed so inanv fine trees in
Hingham may never appear near the locality where these trees
stand in their sturdy grandeur.

The Red Oak leaves are more regular and less deeply cut than
those of the Black or Scarlet. They are sharp-lobed and turn dull-
red in autumn. The acorn is very large. The inner bark is
reddish.

Chestnut (Castanea sativa, Mill. var. Americana). This beau-
tiful tree is rare in Hingham, growing in but two or three locali-
ties, at Beechwoods and elsewhere. A noble specimen formerly
standing on Hersey Street was ruthlessly destroyed a few years
since.

American Beech (Fagus ferruginea. Ait.). This fine tree
grows in many localities in Hingham. Its light-colored bark,
sharp-pointed, rigid leaves, dense habit of growth, and delicately
beautiful pendulous blossoms easily mark it.

SALICACEiE.

The Dwarf Gray Willow (Salix tristis, Ait.) may be found
in Third Division wroods, on the roadside. It is a small shrub,
hardly two feet in height.

The Prairie Willow (Salix humilis, Marsh.) is a shrub about
ten feet high, often much less. It grows in Hingham on Derby
Street and Gushing Street, very likely elsewhere.

Glaucous Willow (Salix discolor, Muhl.). This shrub or small
tree grows everywhere in low grounds. It is our most common
willow. Its blossoms expand from the bud in early spring, first
into what the children call " pussy willows," little gray furry
bunches ; then as the season advances, they become long, graceful
catkins, covered with fragrant flowers golden with pollen. There
often are cones at the end of the twigs, composed of leaves abor-
tively developed, and crowded closely one upon another.

Silky Willow (Salix sericea, Marsh.). This is a beautiful
shrub, growing on Lincoln Street and at many other localities.
The leaves and young branches are covered with a silky down,
which gives this species its distinctive name.

Petioled Willow (Salix petiolaris, Smith). This shrub, strongly
resembling the previous species, grows on Lincoln Street, and has
been found elsewhere. It is somewhat silky, but its specific
name is derived from its long petioles, or leaf-stalks.

Livid Willow (Salix rostrata, Richardson). A shrub or small
tree growing on Old Colony Hill, Lincoln Street, on the bank
of the pond at West Hingham, Lasell Street, and perhaps else-
where. It has a rough, dark, thick leaf, whitish underneath.

The Trees and Shrubs of Bingham. 155

Shining Willow (Salix lucida, Muhl.). The beautiful shrub
srrows on Lincoln Street and elsewhere in town. The leaf is
large, pointed, bright, and shining.

Black Willow (Salix nigra, Marsh.). This graceful tree, with
its very narrow and delicate leaves, grows on Gardner Street. It
is very rare in Hingham.

The Myrtle Willow (Salix mgrtilloides, L.) grows in Hing-
ham, although very rare. It is a shrub, from one to three feet in
height.

The American Aspen (Populas tremuloides, Michx.) grows in
all the woods of Hingham. It is not a large tree. The small,
bright-green leaves, light underneath, keep up a continual tremu-
lous motion in the wind. The trunk is light-ash colored, and
smooth in young trees.

The Large Poplar (Populus grandidentata, Michx.) is found
in low lands in all parts of the town. Its leaves are deeply
toothed, and the catkins are very large and coarse.

Balm-of-Gilead (Populus bahamifera, L. var. candieans, Gray).
This tree is quite common in Hingham. Its large, very rigid and
sharp buds are covered with a sticky, highly aromatic balsam,
which has been used in medicine.

CONIFERS.

The White Cedar (Ohammcyparis sphceroidea, Spach.) is a
beautiful and very useful tree, growing thickly in swamps near
the Weymouth line and at South Hingham, in several localities.
It is distinguishable from the Red Cedar by the comparative
smoothness of its trunk, smaller branches, the flatness of its scaly
leaves, and the angular character of its fruit.

The Juniper (Juniperus communis, L.) is a low, spreading shrub,
growing in a dense mass, with foliage very similar to that of the
Savin. It is found at West Hingham, Huit's Cove, and sparingly
in a few other localities.

The Red Cedar or Savin (Juniperus Virginiana, L.) occurs
everywhere, by roadsides and in hilly pastures. When growing
alone, and left to itself, its perfect conical form makes it a very
beautiful tree, either in its dark-green foliage, or in the fruiting
season, having the green intermingled with heavy masses of blue,
from the great quantities of berries which it matures.

The Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida, Miller). This rather stiff and
ungraceful tree is quite common, growing at Hockley, South
Hingham, and in many other places. It is a small species here,
specimens not averaging thirty feet in height. Its leaves are in
threes.

The White Pine (Pinus strobus, L.) is very common, forming
heavy forests in localities in Hingham. It is one of our noblest
trees, — a specimen on Lasell Street, although now shattered by the
storms of perhaps hundreds of winters, showing a majesty even in

156 History of Hingham.

its decay which well befits a tree which unquestionably was ma-
ture in aboriginal days. Would that the axe had spared more
such! The White Pine has its leaves in lives.

The Black Spruce (Picea nigra, Link.) This tree grows in a
swamp east of High Street, and probably nowhere else wild in
Hingham, although cultivated here as an ornamental tree.

The Hemlock Spruce (Tsuga Canadensis, CarriSre) grows in
the woods in nearly every part of the town. It is a large, hand-
some species, with feathery, delicate foliage, and is much culti-
vated for ornamental purposes.

LILIACEiE.

The Greenbrier, Horsebrier (Smilax rotundifolia, L.). This
vine is very common. There is considerable beauty to it, the
bright-green leaves always fresh and shining, and the clusters of
small greenish flowers and blue-black berries in autumn quite
interesting;. The plant is however a disagreeable one to meet
with in summer rambles, the thick sharp thorns making it a
barrier almost impassable.

The Carrion Flower (Smilax herbacea, L.). This is a hand-
some plant, and although a vine, it often stands alone in a leaning
position without support. The leaves arc rounded-oblong, thinner
than those of the Greenbrier, and the fruit is a very compact
bunch of black berries. The greenish masses of flowers are
carrion-scented.

The Smilax Glauca (Walt.) strongly resembles the rotundifolia
but is much more rare, being found only lately, and in the South
Hingham woods.

MEASUREMENTS OF SOxME NOTABLE TREES.

The Gay Elm on South Street, opposite the depot at the west end, measured
in 1859 18 feet 6 inches, surpassing in circumference of trunk all other trees
in town. Torn asunder some years since by a gale, the portion of the trunk
remaining uninjured measured in 1889 a little over '20 feet.

The beautiful Rocky Nook Elm on East Street measured in 1887 15 feet
•H inches, with a spread of foliage of 90 feet. The Gushing Elm, corner of
Main and South streets, measured in 1889 15 feet. The Seymour Elm, on
Main Street, had a girth, in 1SS9, of 16 feet 3 inches. The Elm on Prospect
Street, in front of Mr. Bernard Cooney's house, measured in 1889 14 feet 6
inches.

Of the noble Red Oaks on East, opposite Kilby, Street, one measured in
1887 13 feet 10 inches, and another 13 feet 9£ inches. The Buttonwood
on the corner of Main and Leavitt streets had a girth, in 18S9, of 13 feet \\
inches, with a spread of 100 feet.

A large Savin on land of Mr. Samuel Burr, at Martin's Lane, measured in
1890 9 feet 8 inches.

The great White Pine on Lazell Street measured 14 feet in 1887.

All the above measurements of circumference of trunk were taken at 4^ feet
from the ground.

OLD ELM. I'KOSPECT rfTREET.

ANCIENT LANDMARKS.

BY EDWARD T. BOUVE.

In the following description of the ancient landmarks of Hingham and
Cohasset, it will be understood that the term includes both natural objects
which have been adopted as bounds from the earliest settlement of the
country, such as hills, rocks, waters, etc., and those artificial creations
which come in time to be recognized as landmarks, as roads, bridges, mill-
dams, and certain buildings.

The sources of the information from which the facts in this chapter are
derived are largely traditional, although old deeds have furnished much
material.

It would be improper and ungracious for the writer to omit the expres-
sion of his acknowledgments to those who have aided in his researches ;
and he takes great pleasure in owning his indebtedness to that interesting
and valuable work, the " History of Hingham." by the late Hon. Solomon
Lincoln, as well as to the "Centennial Address" and unpublished his-
torical notes of the same gentleman.

At Hingham and Cohasset, on the south shore of Massachu-
setts Bay, the most delightful month of the year is October.
The heats and drought of summer are past, the blustering rain-
storms of September have gone, leaving as their legacy a renewed
greenness and freshness to the hillsides. The forests, spreading
far and wide, glow with the exquisite brilliancy of the American
autumn, and the ocean stretches in blue length along the shores
and up into the little bays, its ripples plashing as lazily as if they
would never rise into great green waves that in December will
shatter themselves in foam and spray on the mighty ledges of
Cohasset. The very winds seem to sleep, in their hammock of
gauzy haze, that hangs, thin and graceful, over sea and shore.
Nature is taking a siesta, in restful preparation for her grim
struggle with winter's tempests, fierce and furious as they are on
this coast.

I invite you to spend a few of these bright October days in
seeking out the ancient landmarks of this old Puritan town of

158 History of Hingham.

Hingham (including Cohasset, which until 1770 formed a part
of it) ; and to do this most thoroughly and onjoyably a tramp
will be necessary, although at times it will be agreeable to take
to the saddle ; and a boat will twice or thrice be indispensable,
especially at the outset. For we will start, if you please, at the
extreme easterly point, and take some of the ledges which lie
off shore. Many of these are nearer to Scituate Beach, but the
rest, including the most noted of all, Minot's, are opposite Cohas-
set harbor and beaches.

Minot's Ledge is the outermost of those awful rocks, upon
which many a ship has met her doom ; and unnumbered men,
ay, and women and children too, have vanished in the foam of
those breakers which lash the ledges unceasina'lv when the east
wind vexes the sea.

But on this hazy morning the ocean is calm enough. Only a
ground swell, smooth as glass, rolls languidly in, and we can lie
off the grim Minot's Ledge and examine the proportions of the
great granite tower at our ease. This tower was built by the
government to take the place of the wooden lighthouse, elevated
on iron posts, that was washed away, together with its keepers, in
the terrible storm of April, 1851.

Leaving Minot's outer and inner ledges, we come to an archi-
pelago of rocks, many of which are submerged at high water.
The principal ones between Minot's and the Cohasset shore are,
the East and West Hogshead Rocks, the East and West Shag,
the Grampuses, Enos Ledge, Brush Ledge, Barrel Rock, Shep-
pard's Ledge, Gull Ledge, Sutton Rocks and Quamino Rock.

At the westerly entrance to Cohasset harbor is a high, wooded,
rocky promontory called Whitehead. During the last war with
England earthworks were erected there and garrisoned. In June,
1814, a British man-of-war came to destroy the shipping at Co-
hasset, but the commander, upon reconnoitring these fortifica-
tions, deemed them too strong to be attacked, and withdrew.
On the west side of the harbor is Gulf Island, and south of it
Supper, or Super, Island. We leave '; the Glades " (in Scituate)
on our left in entering Cohasset harbor. On the south side of
the harbor, and close on the main land, is Doane's Island, now
Government Island. Here for several years the work of cutting
and shaping the rock sections to be used in building Minot's
Lighthouse was carried on.

Barson's Beach, northeast of Doane's Island, extends to Scitu-
ate Beach. In the palmy days of the fisheries on this shore
there were several acres of flakes there, and fishing-vessels were
fitted out at this spot. Several Cohasset vessels, loaded with fish
here, were captured in the Mediterranean during the Bonapartist
wars, and many Cohasset people are to this day among those
interested in the French spoliation claims.

Let us land at the head of the harbor, and take the road, skirt-
ing the shore, Border Street. A little stream called James's

Ancient Land marks. 159

River, which flows through the town, crossing South Main Street
not far from the depot, empties into the cove.

The Old Shipyard was on Border Street. This road passes
between the water and high elevations on the inner side, called
Deacon Kent's Rocks, from which is an extremely fine prospect.
The body of water between Doane's Island and the main land is
The Gulf or The Gulp Stream. The entrance from the har-
bor is narrow and jagged, and the rushing tide, foaming and
seething in resistless volume in its ebb and flow, is a picturesque
and beautiful sight. A bridge crosses the stream, and just below,
where there was formerly a rocky dam, stood the old Gulf Mill,
which is now a thing of the past. A new mill, however, stands
near the site of the old one.

CONOHASSET RlVER, or BOUND BROOK (CONOHASSET RlVULET of

Hutchinson's History), flows into the harbor on the south side,
emptying through the Gulf. Anciently it formed the boundary
line between Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay Colonies.

Retracing our way, we will take Elm Street (the Ship-Cove
Lane of early days), pass around the head of Cohasset Harbor,
which narrows into a pretty little landlocked bit of water at this
point, and take the road which follows the shore as nearly as
possible over the isthmus between the harbor and Little Harbor,
the narrowest portion of which is known as Great Neck. After
going a few score rods in a direction generally northeasterly, the
road turns sharply to the north. At this point, extending down
the harbor, and in fact forming its northerly shore for some dis-
tance, is Deacon Bourne's Island, now the site of a fine private
estate, the property of a distinguished actor. These " islands,"
in the nomenclature of our ancestors, were frequently pieces of
land divided from the mainland only by a narrow creek or water-
way but a foot or two in width, or even high lands in swamps or
on beaches.

Beyond the little inlet and marshes north of this island, is
Hominy Point, a beautifully wooded locality extending out along
the water. There were formerly wharves at Hominy Point. The
road strikes across through thick woods and a very picturesque
country, coming near the water again at Sandy Cove, a slight
indentation north of the promontory previously mentioned,
and finally turning west, pursues its winding way through
thickets gorgeous with the red and yellow of sumacs and the
scarlet of maples and woodbine, by rocky precipices dark with
lichens, coming upon delightful vistas of wood-bordered meadows
and lovely bits of water-views which break in here and there
unexpectedly, until it suddenly enters Cohasset village at The
Plain.

The Punch Bowl, a singular depression about one hundred feet
in diameter and twenty-five feet in depth, with apple trees now
growing in it, is on the north side of Towers Lane, a short dis-
tance from the corner. The Devil's Armchair, composed of
slight depressions in the granite, probably of glacial origin, is a

160 History of Hingliam.

few rods east of the highest point of the rocks on the south side
of this lane near the Plain.

Scattered here and there, in the thick natural shrubbery on the
water side, are the pretty, quaint cottages of those who spend
their summers by the sea. All along this shore formerly, from
Whitehead to Pleasant Beach, were Saltworks, — among them
Parson Flint's Saltworks.

Beach Street, which we have been following, is the old Tower's
Lane. We will retrace our course over it, to the private way
which leads to Cuba Dam, where now is the bridge flung across
the waterway which divides the territory over which we have
been passing from Beach Island. Here one might well linger
for hours to watch the rushing waters which foam and swirl
through this narrow, rocky inlet, which lets the sea into the
otherwise completely landlocked, most picturesque, and exquisitely
beautiful sheet of water called in early days Littel Harbour (Lit-
tle Harbor) or Old Harbour.

Whale's Valley is near Cuba Dam, in Old Harbor. A whale
is said to have once gone up the inlet into this harbor.

This inland bay, with its greatly diversified shores, "-The Ridge
Road " along the precipitous bank at the west, wooded hills on
points making out into it here and there, low sandy beaches and
Beach Island dividing it from the sea ; and containing Cooper's
Island, Rice's Island, and Little Rock within its waters, is a
fascinating localitv for the admirers of line secnerv.

On Cooper's Island are The Indian Pot and The Indian Well.
The former is a curious excavation, round, smooth, and regular,
having a capacity of about a dozen pails. The Indian Well is
another excavation near the first one described. From the bot-
tom it is elliptical to the height of about four feet. The re-
mainder is semicircular, opening to the east.

These excavations arc glacial pot-holes, but may have been
used by the Indians for various purposes ; and from the fact of
hatchets and other aboriginal implements having been found
in the ground near by, the early settlers supposed them to have
been the work of the Indians.

Cuba Dam derived its name from there having been a dam
built by a company of Hingliam and Cohasset people about the
beginning of the century, across the inlet, to shut out the sea,
and enable them to reclaim the Little Harbor, which it was
thought would eventually become very profitable as hay fields.
This was all very well until the great storm of April, 1851,
which left nothing intact upon the shores which the sea could
possibly destroy, tore this dam to pieces : and it has never, hap-
pily for the scenery, been rebuilt. \n the old days vessels were
built at Little Harbor.

The bridge across the inlet at Cuba Dam leads to Beach
Island, a partly wooded eminence rising from the beach sur-
rounding it, and as romantic a spot for the fine seaside resi-
dences situated on the easterly slope as could be desired.

Ancient Landmarks. 161

Next beyond this is Sandy Beach, aptly so called, while off
shore are Black Ledge, — ominous name, — and Brush Island.
At the end of this beach arc higher lands, very rocky, and with
great ledges extending out into the sea. Here is Kimball's, a
pleasantly situated tavern, celebrated for its fish and game fare,
somewhat as Taft's upon the north shore has been, for many
years. From here extend the stony beaches, picturesquely varied
with sea-worn ledges, known collectively as Pleasant Beach,
which terminates at Walnut Angle, as the northwest corner
of the Second Division was denominated, at the east end of
Cohasset Rocks.

Now let us turn about, and taking the road by which we have
just come in reverse, return to Cohasset Harbor again. Thence
going west over the old Ship-Cove Lane (now Elm Street) we
before long reach South Main Street.

South Main Street leads southeast to the Scituate line, at
Bound Brook, which was the Conohasset Rivulet of Hutchin-
son's History. Here, over the brook, was the old dam, a wide
roadway now, whereon stood the Old Mill. About half-way
over the dam, and presumably at the middle of the stream as it
was at the time, the Patent Line was established. Bound Rock
was at this point. It is now represented by a hewn granite stone,
set up to mark the spot, by Captain Martin Lincoln, of Cohasset,
more than half a century ago.

When the Indian chiefs, Wompatuck and his brothers, gave a
deed of the territory of Hingham to the English in 1665, there
was also embraced in this instrument a tract of " threescore acres
of salt marsh " which lay on the further side of the Conohasset
Rivulet, in Scituate, in the Plymouth Colony. These lowlands
were known as The Conohasset Meadows.

The Patent Line at Bound Rock was the base line north of
which the First, Second, Third, and Second Part of the Third
Divisions were directly or remotely laid out.

It will be necessary to explain the significance of the term
" division," which often recurs in any description of the topog-
raphy of Hingham and Cohasset.

When the Rev. Peter Hobart first came with his little band of
colonists to " Bare Cove," in 1635, he found several of his friends
who had settled there as early as 1633. " Bare Cove " was as-
sessed in 1634. The " plantation " was erected in July, 1635, and
on September 2nd, following, the name of the town was changed
to Hingham by authority of the General Court. There are but
eleven towns in the State, and only one in the county of Ply-
mouth, which are older than Hingham.

On the 18th of September, 1635, Mr. Hobart and twenty-nine
others drew for houselots, and received grants of pasture and
tillage lands. This year specific grants of land were made to
upwards of fifty persons, and this method was followed for many
years ; but as the colony increased in size, and the people spread

VOL. I. — n

162 History of Hingham.

along the shore, it was deemed advisable by the proprietors to
survey and lay out the unappropriated portions of the township,
to be divided among the settlers in proportion to the number of
acres which they had in their houselots.

This led to the establishment of numerous landmarks, many of
which are recognized up to the present time, and their names,
often very quaint, will be handed down to posterity long after
their significance is forgotten.

It may be of interest to state here that the houselots drawn
for on the 18th of September, 1635, were upon Town, now North
street. This year, also, the settlements extended to Broad Cove,
now Lincoln Street. In 1636 houselots were granted upon the
other part of Town Street, since re-named South Street, and on
the northerly part of " Bachelor's Rowe," now Main Street.

The first grants of land in Cohasset (variously called " Cono-
hasset," " Conihast," " Comessett,") were mentioned in the Hing-
ham town records in 1647. The first settlements are said to have
been at Rocky Nook and on the Jerusalem Road.

All these specific grants of land were for many years from ter-
ritory yet belonging properly to the Indians; but on the 4th of
July, 1665, a deed of all the tract of land now comprising the
towns of Hingham and Cohasset, together with " three score
acres of salt marsh" on the Scituate side of the river, which
divides Hingham from Scituate, was obtained from the chiefs
Wompatuck, Squmuck, and Ahahden, sons of the great sachem
Chickatabut, who lived on the banks of Neponset river, and who
probably permitted the first settlers to locate at Hingham, which
was in his realm. He ruled over the principal portion of the ter-
ritory now comprised in Plymouth and Norfolk counties.

The system of surveying and allotting certain districts led to
their being designated by the general name of " divisions ; " as
" First Division," " Second Division," etc. There were six of
these divisions made. The first, second, and third were in 1670.

The First Division, entirely in Cohasset, starts at the " Patent
Line," which runs from Bound Rock, on the milldam, across
Bound Brook in a straight line southwest by west, five miles
eighty rods. The coast line of the First Division follows the
course of Bound Brook northward to the harbor, then strikes into
Meeting-House Road (now South Main Street), crosses Great
Neck, extends along this road to Deer Hill Lane opposite the
southwest side of Little Harbor, then runs along this lane south-
westerly to King Street, thence follows a line through the centre
of Scituate Pond southeasterly to the patent line.

The base line of the easterly part of the Second Division is the
northwest boundary of the First Division (Deer Hill Lane). On
the southeast, the line starts at the corner of the First Division
on Little Harbor, and follows the westerly side of the Ridge Road,
skirts Peck's Meadow on the west, returns to the Ridge Road and
runs to Walnut Angle (westerly end of Pleasant Beach) on the

Ancient Landmarks. 163

shore, which it follows to Strait's Pond, thence in a general south-
westerly direction to " Breadencheese Tree," and from there south-
easterly over Lambert's Lane and King Street to the northwest
corner of the First Division on King Street.

Supper Island and Gulf Island in the harbor, the promontory
east of Great Neck, and Beach Island, and the other so-called
" islands " and high lands along the beaches east and north of
Little Harbor, are also in this portion of the Second Division.

The westerly part of the Second Division lies on the west side
of Lambert's Lane and King Street. The easterly boundary
stretches from " Breadencheese Tree " to Scituate Pond, along
the west side of the east part of the Second Division, and of the
First on King Street. The northwesterly boundary line runs
from " Breadencheese Tree" irregularly southwest, passing around
and excluding Smith's Island to a cart path running southeast-
erly, which it follows to a point where it turns and runs easterly to
the First Division line, north of Scituate Pond.

The Second Division is entirely in Cohasset.

The Third Division is partly in Cohasset, but mostly in Hing-
ham, the northwesterly boundary starting at the northwest angle
of the Second Division and running rather irregularly southwest
till it strikes the patent line not far from Prospect Hill. The
southwesterly boundary starts at the southwest corner of the
Second Division and runs to the patent line in a direction gener-
ally parallel to the northwesterly boundary line.

The Second Part of the Third Division is partly in Hing-
ham, mostly in Cohasset, and lies south of the Third Division and
the westerly portion of the Second, between them and the patent
line, and west of the First. It includes about half of Scituate
Pond.

The Fourth Division was made of the tract lying along the
extreme southwest boundary of Hingham on the Weymouth
border.

The Fifth and Sixth Divisions were of detached portions of

lands remaining from the former divisions (excluding specific

grants). Nutty Hill was included in the Fifth, and certain of the

'westerly and northerly meadow lands in both the Fifth and Sixth.

The Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Divisions of lands were made a
few years previous to the middle of the eighteenth century.

We will return over South Main Street, passing, just before we
reach the road leading to the depot, the long old house, once
Christopher James's Tavern. A short distance further north,
on the Plain, stands the Old Church, erected in 1747, — the
first Meeting-House having been built here in 1713,

About an eighth of a mile further on, Winter Street runs south-
west over Deer Hill. This street was the old Deer Hill Lane.
Just beyond the corner of the lane with North Main Street, there
begins, on the right, the renowned Jerusalem Road, also called

104

History of Hingham.

the Ridge Road, or The Ridges. It runs north for some dis-
tance along a high bank, or ridge, beneath which lies Little Har-
bor, on the east side. The scenery in this direction is beautiful.
The little inland bay exhibits all its variety of outline from this
point, with its picturesque rocks, wooded headlands, and islands.

In a field west of the road, and quite a distance from it, is a
huge bowlder balanced, apparently, so delicately upon a point that
it seems as if it could be easily dislodged from its position upon
a ledge where it lies
Rock.

This has long been known as Tittling

TITTLING ROCK.

The road soon slopes downward on to a lower level and enters
woods, but still skirts Little Harbor. Winding along the edge of
a rocky descent, it crosses a salt marsh by a dike. On the left is a
jagged precipice, clothed partly with trees. This is Steep Rocks.
Around the marsh's edge and skirting the fout of the rocks is an
old road, Bow Street, which was once the principal highway, and
was used again after the great storm of April, 1851, which washed
away the dike, until this latter was rebuilt.

Ancient Landmarks. 165

Beyond the marsli the road rises rapidly, and winds along over
abrupt rocky hills, well wooded, and having fine private estates
on each hand. A pretty meadow on the west side, at the foot of
a steep descent, has been known from earliest times as Peck's
Meadow; "The Steppen Stones " used to be, in old days, the
only thoroughfare across the water here. The road still winds
on, reaching, before long, Pleasant Beach, and the east end of
Cohasset Rocks ; and here it bends abruptly westward and rises,
turning on to the crest of the cliff above these celebrated rocks,
along which it runs for their entire length, from Pleasant Beach
to Greenhill Beach.

As wild a stretch of iron-bound shore as could be wished for
are these cliffs. Woe to the ship that, escaping the awful ledges
to the eastward, drives on here before a northeast gale. The
Jerusalem Road along their upper edge, but a few years since
was a rough, picturesque way, bordered by stunted cedars " blown
into " a peculiar shape of growth aivay from the storm winds, so
to speak, that prevail from the north and northeast. Within the
past twenty years wealth and fashion have taken possession of
the lands on these hills, and the elegant villas of summer resi-
dents are to be seen on every hand, while the roadway has been
smoothed and " improved," fancy fences or elaborate stone-walls
built, and the storm-shapen cedars cut down or trimmed into
artificial forms, thus in a measure destroying the picturesque
character of the surroundings.

The town of Cohasset should never have permitted the sea side
of this road to be owned by private individuals, but should have
kept it as a public ocean park, accessible to the people.

Near the point where the road takes up its course to the west,
there is, not far above the level of the breakers, and down among
the rocks, a little basin of clear, cool water which bubbles out
from the precipitous, weather-beaten ledges, known as Cold
Spring.

Following the road along, a superb view presents itself. To
the east are Minot's Light and The Ledges. Beyond them, and
losing itself at the horizon, is the broad Atlantic. Here, in front,
to the northward, is the blue expanse of Massachusetts Bay, the
north shore in the dim distance hanging upon the verge of vision
like a cloud ; to the northwest, the great stretch of sands known
as Nantasket Long Beach, Point Allerton at its extreme end, and
Boston Light beyond on the Outer Brewster.

After descending a hill we come to the Black-Rock House, on
a slight rise, close beside the sea, whose waves drench it with
spray in great gales.

The picture spread out before one along this road in wintry
storms is magnificent, presenting as it does the wild grandeur of
the conflict between the seas, driven before the gale, and the stub-
born granite lines of these mighty ledges.

Just off Greenhill Beach, which is at the eud of Cohasset

166 History of H Ingham.

Rocks, lies Black Rock, a long, jagged, wave-worn mass, a few
hundred feet off shore. At the west end of this beach (a pebbly
isthmus, joining Cohasset to Greenhill in the precincts of Hull)
begins Strait's Pond, a beautiful sheet of salt water lying along
the westerly part of Jerusalem Road, and between it and the
beaches of Hull north of it. After passing through a rocky gorge
bordered by misshapen savins, we come upon a low, long, an-
cient, one-story house on the left of the road, which is one of the
oldest buildings in Cohasset. It belonged to a branch of the Lin-
coln family, and was built in 1709, having been originally con-
structed on Greenhill, in Hull, and moved across the ice of Strait's
Pond in winter. The roadway formerly lay on the south side
of it.

As the neighborhood is being rapidly overrun by fashion, which
cares nothing for old landmarks, this house will probably disap-
pear very soon, to make way for modern " improvements."

In the next hollow Rattlesnake Run, on its way from Great
Swamp, crosses under the road to empty into Strait's Pond. In
the pretty canal, flowing among trees and shrubs in the private
grounds on the south side of the road, one would fail to recognize
the old run as it was before its metamorphosis.

Beyond this point the road bends round a steep, rocky ledge on
the south side. This is Joy's Rocks, and the bend was the old
Joy's Corner, — an angle of the Second Division.

Folsom's Island (originally Jones Island) is in Strait's Pond,
near Nantasket Neck.

The Jerusalem Road continues along the border of Strait's
Pond until it ends at Hull Street, on the Hingham line.

Turning to the left, Hull Street (which here divides Hingham
from Cohasset ; the east side being Cohasset, the west Hingham)
leads in a generally southerly direction, crossing Turkey-Hill
Run at the foot of the first slight rise. Nearly half a mile fur-
ther on, after going up a hill and winding somewhat to the left,
Lambert's Lane, or Breadencheese Tree Lane, is found oppo-
site Canterbury Street, in Hingham, and leading in an easterly
direction into Cohasset woodlands. It soon crosses Turkey-Hill
Run, and at the spot where it intersects the western boundary
line of the Second Division, stood, in 1670, the celebrated Bread-
encheese Tree. The surveyors, who laid out the First, Second,
and Third Divisions at that time, were evidently of a waggish
turn of mind, and chose to name certain points or angles from
which they " took their bearings " according to the composition
of the lunch which they had for the day. Thus the northeasterly
angle of the First Division they named Pie Corner.

When they arrived under a certain large tree, they sat down
and ate their bread and cheese ; and Bread-and-Cheese Tree, or
Breadencheese Tree, became a landmark from that hour on,
through these last two centuries and more.

The Maypole was a tree at an angle a short distance southwest

Ancient Landmarks. 167

of Breadencheese Tree, on the line of the Second Division.
Smith's Island was on this line further to the southwest.

A half-mile or so from Turkey-Hill Run, the lane crosses Rat-
tlesnake Run, which, starting in Purgatory Swamp, we encoun-
tered upon Jerusalem Road, where it empties into Strait's Pond.
Lambert's Lane, running through thick woods almost all the way,
passes over Breadencheese Tree Plain ; and here was Hum-
phrey's, or, as commonly called in the old days, At Humphrey's.

Lambert's Lane eventually emerges at the modern Forest Ave-
nue, and at this point there was in the early part of the century
a dairy farm belonging to General Lincoln. Nearly all of these
tillage and pasture lands of earlier times are now overgrown by
thick forest. Walnut Hill is in this vicinity. Purgatory
Swamp is northwest of Walnut Hill.

Passing south over Forest Avenue, we come soon to North
Main Street, and turning into this, we almost immediately strike
off diagonally to the right into Gedar Street, now a deserted way,
but a beautifully winding and wooded one, formerly the Old^ Co-
hasset Road, over which, in early times, people journeyed from
Hingham to Cohasset. It leads over hill and dale, bisects a
superb fancy farm at Turkey Meadows and passing by a quiet
little graveyard at a turn to the northward, comes out on Hull
Street.

In order to reach most expeditiously the next locality which it
is desirable to visit, it will be best to proceed through Hull Street
to East Street, Hingham, and thence through this town by the
way of the old Side-Hill road, over Turkey Hill (a most delight-
ful ride, especially at this season), through Leavitt, Spring, Pleas-
ant, and Union streets, until Bcechwood Street is reached,
which leads from Union Street to Cohasset. This street at first
winds through beautiful and wild woodlands, largely composed
of beeches, with many holly-trees here and there, their exquisite
foliage reflecting the sunbeams, and the bright scarlet berries
forming a brilliant contrast to the rigid leaves' polished green.

Here is the part of Cohasset called Beechwoods, or in old
deeds The Beeches, deriving the name from the trees which
form so large a part of the woods of this district. Stony Brook
is the name of a little stream which crosses Bcechwood Street,
flowing through a pretty meadow bordered by trees and bright
with wild flowers in their season, near the village called Pratt's
Corner.

Hard by is Barn Hill, made almost an island by this Stony
Brook. The locality known as Kingo is comprised in this neigh-
borhood, taking its name from a former inhabitant who lived
near, in a stone house in the woods.

A short distance further on, Doane Street enters Beechwood
Street on the north side. Doane Street is a continuation in Co-
hasset of Leavitt Street in Hingham, which leads through Third
Division woods.

168 History of Hingham.

On the north side of Beechwood Street, and about a third of a
mile east of Doane Street, is Rattlesnake Rock, or Rattlesnake
Den, formerly a haunt of these reptiles, although they are un-
doubtedly extinct there now.

Souther's Hill is a short distance east of Doane Street, and
Joy's Hill, or Captain Pratt's Hill, is on the south side of
Beechwood Street. There is a fine view from this hill. About
a mile east of Doane Street, on the north side of Beechwood
Street is a great ledge, having a large bowlder on it, which
is called Mount Pisgah. Turtle Island is near Beechwood
Street where it crosses a branch of Bound Brook. The old Iron
Works stood here.

Pratt's Rocks form a ledge near the road, nearly two miles
from Doane Street. On the south side of Beechwood Street,
near King Street, is Widow's Rock, which is shaped like a hay-
stack. The property about this rock was once sold for exactly
one thousand dollars. When the deed came to be passed, and
payment made, the buyer offered the seller a one-thousand-dollar
bill, which was contemptuously refused. " What," cried the
seller, "I. sell my land for one little bit of paper like that! No
sir ! I will have a good pile of bills for it." And the buyer had
to give him a sufficient quantity of small bills to the amount of
$1000 to make the transaction look " big " to him. A short dis-
tance east of Widow's Rock is Governor's Hill. The name has
no special significance in this connection, however.

We will turn northwest into King Street, and proceed along
this ancient road, the original boundary of the First and Third
Divisions, and the dividing line which separates the Second into
two parts. It is a hilly and pleasantly wooded road in places,
and borders Scituate Pond, also called 'Kiah Tower's Pond, of
late years sometimes Lily Pond. It was named Scituate Pond
by the first settlers because it was on the road to Scituate ; and
'Kiah Tower's Pond afterwards because land about it was owned
by a Mr. Hezekiah Tower. This land, or a portion of it is still
held by his descendants. By the latter name the pond is known
in the country adjacent. It is a very beautiful sheet of water, its
banks being composed of both high and low lands, and heavy
woods, always such an indispensable adjunct of fine scenery,
covering a large proportion of its shores.

How exquisite it is now, in the quiet afternoon sunlight, its
unruffled waters reflecting a white feathery cloud lazily drifting
across the deep blue sky, and the scarlet and yellow forests
about it contrasting so brilliantly with those rich, deep-green,
pine woodlands !

That great rounded gray ledge rising out of its bosom, Pond
Rock, has looked the same to every race of men which has dwelt
about these shores or fished in their waters, since the melting
away of the great glacier first let in upon it, as it is now,
the light of day. It echoed the war-whoop of the red man

Ancient Landmarks.

169

when he first shrieked it in the forests of the hills around, and
gave back its latest faint reverberation when it despairingly
died away for the last time on the western wind. Its lichen-
clad granite slopes Hung back a quick response to the sharp
crack of the pale-faced pioneer's firelock, when it imperiously
announced to those solitudes that the reign of the wolf and
the Algonquin must give place to that of the Anglo-Saxon.
The dawn will touch the old rock with its earliest rosy beam,
and the last ray of sunset linger upon it in yellow light, when
that Anglo-Saxon, with his mighty works, shall have vanished for-
ever, and the history of his existence remain only as a myth.

POND ROCK, SCITUATE POND-

King Street runs along the eastern slope of Scituate Hill,
which lies east of Turkey Hill. The name was applied to it by
the early settlers because it was on the way to Scituate.

After crossing the railroad, King Street ends at North Main
Street. This road winds pleasantly through the beautiful Co-
hasset Woods and crosses the northern portion of Great Swamp,
which extends far to the southward, covering a large tract of
country. North Main Street enters Hingham as East Street, at
the Homesteads.

Now turning about, we will ride eastwards again, and strike
into King Street. Upon reaching Winter Street, we will turn
off to the east over this road, which is the old Deer Hill Lane.
It crosses Deer Hill, a smooth, rather high hill, and comes out
on North Main Street, nearly opposite the cemetery.

Southeast of Deer Hill, is" Bare Hill (Bear Hill), now called
Joiner's Hill, where the water reservoir is.

A huge and steep ledge lying opposite the westerly end of
Summer Street is known as Sunset Rock.

170 History of Hingham.

But the fair October sunset itself has faded into twilight, leav-
ing a beautiful afterglow that promises another fine day for to-
morrow. If the promise is fulfilled, we will start in the early
morning to visit the Hingham landmarks.

A morning like that of yesterday, " so cool, so calm, so bright,"
ushers in a second perfect autumn day, of all times in the year
the finest for rambles in the saddle. Let us take up our subject
this morning at the point where three townships meet.

The Jerusalem Road ends at the Hingham line, where the
towns of Cohasset, Hingham, and Hull form a junction. To the
right, northerly, lies Nantasket Beach, about half a mile distant.
A few rods to the north, the road to the beach crosses the old
Mill Lane Bridge, which separates Strait's Pond from the little
estuary called Lyford's Liking, or Weir River. This, however,
is not the river itself, but merely an extension of the bay into
which Weir river empties. The origin of this quaint name,
LyforcTs Liking, is buried in obscurity. In 1642, however, in
Suffolk Deeds, Vol. I., the names of Ruth Leyford, John Leyford
her father, and Mordecay Leyford her brother, appear ; and in
1649 an old deed speaks of "foure Acres meadow, more or less,
at Laiford's Likeing."

The road coming from the south, on the left hand, Hull Street,
divides Hingham from Cohasset, and winds through the rocky
village known as Tugmanug, an old Indian name of the locality.
Until within thirty-odd years, this was the only road from Hing-
ham to Nantasket Beach.

Rockland Street runs west along the marshes for nearly a mile,
skirting a range of higher and rocky table land lying to the
south, which is known as Canterbury. It was probably included
in a grant to Cornelius Canterbury, who settled in Hingham be-
fore 1649.

In the ditch by the side of this street, where it runs through
the salt marsh, are the stumps of gigantic trees, which were dug
out of the roadway here when the street was made, about the
year 1855. These trees were unquestionably members of a forest
which lived and flourished here untold ages ago. The lands
where it existed were probably low, and near the then coast
line; and through some gradual subsidence of the land, or sud-
den convulsion of nature, there Avas a breaking in of the sea, with
consequent destruction of the forest. All through the period of
submergence of this locality these stumps were preserved, being
under salt water, and now, perhaps a thousand years after the
catastrophe that ended their lives, the relics of the trunks of these
old trees are mouldering to decay in the rays of the same sun-
shine that caused their buds to break into leafy beauty in the last
springtime of their existence.

Ancient Landmarks. 171

North of Rockland Street, just before it reaches the rising
ground, and perhaps a quarter of a mile or so out over the
marshes, upon Ly ford's Liking, is Barnes's Island, formerly
Sprague's Island. From the road it has the appearance of a
slight rise, well wooded.

A short distance further west the road crosses Weir River,
here a pretty stream about to empty into Weir River Bay, a
quarter of a mile northward. Tide water comes up beyond the
bridge at this point, to the falls at the dam a few score rods
south, where Thomas's Pond is, and where Thomas's Foundry
stood until within a few years.

Along the river bank on the east side, for some distance, is a
range of high rocky cliffs, beautifully wooded, and very pictur-
esque. Down from this savin-clothed height comes the little
Woodcock's Run, or Lypord's Liking Run, a small brook hardly
distinguishable in the dry months.

There was in early times across Weir River, not far from the
bridge now spanning it at Rockland street, a log, upon which
people could cross the stream, and also a landing where timber
and firewood were loaded upon vessels bound for Boston and
elsewhere. This place was called The Log, or At the Log.
Log Lane led to this spot, from Weir River Lane.

Down the river about a quarter of a mile, and at the point
where it broadens into a wide estuary, there was, nearly a cen-
tury since, a woollen mill, owned by and carried on in the interest
of General Benjamin Lincoln, who seems to have been interested
in many enterprises. There was afterwards a flour mill here, and
the place was subsequently occupied by the small-pox hospital.
The Lime Kiln was near by, and the neck of land opposite,
situated between the river and the cove which makes up on the
west side of this neck, is terminated by Bass Point.

Crossing Weir River by the Rockland Street bridge, we are
upon higher ground, included in Plain Neck, which comprehends
all the country south and west of this bridge (as well as north-
ward as far as Cushing's Neck), which can be comprised in the
territory bordered on the east and south by Weir River, and upon
the west by the harbor, and probably extending as far as Cham-
berlain's Run. The limits are indefinite, but old deeds show
that they are about as described.

A short distance west of the river Rockland Street passes
through a thickly wooded swamp, which was for many years,
until 1855, The Heronry. Here were the homes of the night
herons, their nests being visible in the woods on every side.
They were driven away when the road was laid out through
their haunts.

Neck Gate Hill, now Old Colony Hill, at the junction of
Rockland Street, Summer Street, and Martin's Lane, is a pleas-
antly located hill, having fine woodlands and beautiful country
about it. The view from the summit in every direction is charm-

172 History of Hingham.

ing. For many years the Old Colony House, a favorite summer
resort, stood here. It was built in 1832, and burned in 1872.

But now before going on to Hingham harbor, let us turn down
Martin's Lane, to the right, and northward. This is a narrow
road, formerly having the Neck Gate across it, at the hill. It
slopes gradually downward, and is bordered by trees, with masses
of tangled woodlands upon the right, now exquisite in the glory
of autumn. Wild hidden ravines, picturesque rocky precipices,
clothed with vines, ferns, and savins, are upon the east side. The
trouble of searching them out will be well repaid in learning
what scenery generally thought peculiar to mountain districts
is here under our very eyes, but almost unknown.

On the west, the land lies in beautifully rolling fields, dotted
here and there with fine trees, down to the water. The road
finally winds over a slight rise, between shrubby woods and
through a noble private estate till it reaches, nearly a mile from
Neck Gate Hill, Martin's Well, formerly Abraham's Well, the
remains of which are still visible in the field to the right, near
by where the lane ends. There is a pretty cove, or indentation,
at this point.

Abraham Martin was one of the early settlers who came with
Rev. Peter Hobart in 1635. He owned land in this locality and
built this well.

This land is embraced in the strip between the harbor and
Weir River to the eastward, called Cushing's Neck, — large tracts
having been owned here early by a branch of that family, which
has furnished, in peace and war, so many celebrated Americans.
Hingham was the home of the family in America. Lands at Cush-
ing's Neck are still in possession of one of the descendants.

The road which crosses the head of this cove goes over the
heavy stone dam (Martin's Well Dam) which shuts out the sea
from the fertile meadows lying east of it. These formed one of
the Damde Meddowes, so often referred to in old deeds. The
east end of these meadows is also dammed at Weir River Bay.

Passing through a gate, we come to Pine Hill, a little emi-
nence overlooking the harbor, now a smooth, rounded hill, with
a few trees upon its summit. North of this is the fine Planter's
Hill, also smooth and oval in outline, like all the Hingham hills.
There is a noble view from its top, extending all around the hori-
zon,— of the Blue Hills of Milton, in the far distance, the town
lying close by, Third Division woods southward, the harbor to the
west, and broad ocean to the north and east beyond Nantasket
Beach.

At the foot of the northerly slope of Planter's Hill is a short,
low isthmus, a few rods in length, and very narrow at high tide,
— World's End Bar. A generation ago the fox hunters used
to beat the country at South Hingham and drive the game north-
ward through the woods and fields of the township till it arrived
at the peninsula bounded by Weir River and the harbor. After

Ancient Landmarks. 173

reaching that point, there was no escape for the unhappy foxes,
whose flight led them inevitably to World's End Bar, upon which,
or on the next hill, they atoned with their lives for " crimes done
in the flesh."

There is a curiously stunted elm-tree growing on the very top
of Planter's Hill. It is evidently dwarfed by having grown up
wedged among large rocks. It is of great age, early records re-
ferring to it soon after the settlement of the country, and appar-
ently has not increased in size during the two past centuries. It
is, indeed, an " ancient landmark."

The doubly rounded eminence north of this bar is World's
End, a peninsula surrounded by water on all sides excepting
where this bar connects it with Planter's Hill. The harbor is on
the west, Weir River Bay upon the east side.

Following the shore of Weir River Bay, we come to a little
cove upon the east side of Planter's Hill, and then an extremely
picturesque locality, having high rocks and precipices along its
water front, and great ledges cropping out all over it. This is
known as Rocky Neck.

Up the little bay, to the eastward, lies Nantasket Beach, and
north of it, the point of land stretching out into the harbor, is
White Head. These localities are in Hull.

The rough and broken easterly shore line of Rocky Neck finally
crosses a little meadow and beach, and beyond these is a narrow
passage between great masses of craggy rocks, which are called
Lincoln's Rocks. Through this passage comes the current of
Weir River. Close here, too, is the great rock in the water which
has been known from early times as The Ringbolt Rock,
from the huge iron ring let into its surface for the accommo-
dation of vessels hauling up the river. At " The Limekiln," in
the upper part of Weir River Bay, there were, in old times,
vessels built. The last one was the ship "Solferino," of about 800
tons, launched in the year 1859, the largest vessel ever built in
Hingham.

The water here is the westerly portion of the inlet which ex-
tends easterly to the dam at Strait's Pond, and which we met
with there under the ancient name of Lyford's Liking.

Let us go down the river again to Rocky Neck and cross Old
Planter's Fields, lying on the southeasterly slopes of Planter's
and Pine hills, and on over the " Damde Meddowes " to Martin's
Lane, which we will cross at the cove, and proceed along the
shore skirting the beautiful tract of country between Martin's
Lane and the harbor, called, anciently, Mansfield's, to Mans-
field's Cove, a slight indentation at the head of the harbor,
bounded on the west by a ledge making out into the water, called
Barnes's Rocks, upon and over which the old steamboat pier and
hanging wire bridge used to be. This ledge extends out under
the channel, interfering with navigation at low water. The
United States government has expended considerable sums of

174 History of Hingham.

money in not entirely successful attempts to remove it by sub-
marine blasting.

There were formerly Salt "Works east of Mansfield's Cove.

A few rods farther on is Hersey's Wharf, at the present time
as stanch a structure as it was when it was constructed. Upon
this wharf, and on the beach west of it, were built several fine
ships, besides numerous barks, brigs, and schooners ; for this
was Hall's Shipyard. West of this wharf is the steamboat pier.
Upon Summer Street, on the hill just above Hersey's wharf, is a
large white house at the south side of the road, now the mansion
of a private estate. This was, in former times, one of the old
inns, and was known as the Wompatuck House.

After crossing another stone wharf, now disused, we find this
beach extending along toward a line of wharves at The Cove at
the head of the harbor. The earliest settlers at the harbor called
the place Bare Cove, from the fact that the receding tide leaves
the fiats bare ; and by this name the settlement was designated
and assessed, until later it received the name of Hingham.

Previous to the building of Summer Street, the only highway
leading from the cove to the village lying between the disused
wharf above referred to and Neck Gate Hill, was along the upper
edge of this beach ; people and teams going down into the dock
below the mill-dam at the Cove, at low tide, crossing the mill
stream and passing along the beach on their way east. Summer
Street here was constructed from material taken from Ward's
Hill, a high knoll of sand and gravel rising south from the beach,
now known as Cobb's Bank, which in early times extended sev-
eral hundred feet to the eastward. It is fast disappearing under
the demand for sand and gravel for filling purposes.

Along the water side north of Ward's Hill there were also ves-
sels built.

The low land lying between Summer Street and the railroad
track, and east of Ward's Hill, was formerly Wakely's Meadow,
or Brigadier's Meadow. Within a very few years this meadow
was salt, and the owner, wishing to reclaim it, caused it to be
drained into the harbor, the pipes passing under Summer Street.
In digging beneath this street at the old sea-level, the contractor
unearthed old piles and the stone retaining walls of wharves, thus
proving the early existence of landing places for vessels far within
the limits where it is now possible for them to come.

The meadow belonged early to Thomas Wakely. It afterwards
was the property of Brigadier-General Theophilus dishing, and
received its later name in this connection. Thomas Wakely was
an early settler with Rev. Mr. Hobart, in 1635.

The high land south of Wakely's Meadow, beyond the railroad
track, is Peck's Pasture. Robert and Joseph Peck came to this
country in 1638.

Following the ancient water line from the harbor up through
the mill-dam, we reach The Mill-Pond. Here stood the Corn

Ancient Landmarks. 175

Mill, and also the Saw Mill, erected, probably, in 1643 or 1644.
The present grist mill stands upon or near the same spot.

The body of water connected with the mill-pond through the
water-way which exists under the junction of the railroad with
Water Street, affords, east of this street when the full tide is in,
some of the finest scenery about Hingham, taken in connection
with the beautifully wooded uplands on the marshes, called An-
drews or Sassafras Island, and the high rocks and precipices jut-
ting out from thick oak woods along the eastern bank. The
brilliant colors of the foliage contrasting with the gray of the
rocks, the blue of the water, and bright green of the meadows go
to make up a picture worthy the brush of an artist.

These salt marshes, extending south to Pear Tree Hill, are
known as the Home Meadows.

But to return to the mill-pond. This body of water lies be-
tween North and Water Streets and the maple-bordered and beau-
tiful shades of the cemetery lying to the south. The railroad
skirts its southern bank. The mill-pond was anciently a little
cove, and the Rev. Peter Hobart, with his band of settlers, landed
near the head of this cove where now is the foot of Ship Street.
Here the first religious services were held, near a magnificent
elm, which, standing in all its majesty up to a dozen or so years
ago, an ornament to the street and town, was barbarously cut
down by the authorities on the wretched pretext that it was in
the way of pedestrians on the sidewalk. At the time of its
destruction two cannon balls were found imbedded among its
roots, which were undoubtedly left there by the early settlers.
These are now in the possession of a zealous antiquarian and local
historian.

The Town Brook empties into the western extremity of the
mill-pond.

With the idea of following the harbor line from the mill-pond
north, we will avail ourselves of the ancient private way which
runs along by the heads of the old wharves, some of which are
yet used for the reception from a few coasters of such lumber and
coal as are required for use in the town ; some have fallen into
decay, and with the old rotting warehouses upon the landward
side of this little way, are sad reminders of the maritime glories
of this once active locality. For Hingham formerly sent a large
and well-appointed fishing fleet to sea. Along her shores we have
visited some, and shall come across more of the shipyards where
numerous ships and smaller craft were built and launched, and
the sea captains, sons of her stanch old families, sailed to all
quarters of the world.

At the end of this old private way, and where it connects with
Otis Street, was formerly Souther's, earlier Barker's, Shipyard.
Here, where now are pretty seaside villas, the keel of many a fine
vessel was laid, and the plunge of these into their destined ele-
ment was made in a direction toward Goose Point, a small, low,

176 History of Hingham.

marshy promontory, forming the northerly arm of the little cove
here. On the west side of this cove was Keen's Shipyard.

Following along Otis Street over a salt meadow, we come to a
few summer residences scattered along by the bay, some being
near the former edge of the sand cliff which was cut away when
this road was laid out. Here were, a generation ago, extensive
Salt Works, having their windmills upon the beach ; for, in ear-
lier days large quantities of salt were required in packing mackerel
taken by the fishing fleet, and much of it was of home production.
A few score rods further to the north, and we are at Broad Cove,
an estuary extending in westward as far as Lincoln Street, and
then northward as much farther. As our plan is to follow the
shore, we will proceed along the southerly bank of this cove.
The first locality of interest is at the south side of the entrance
from the harbor. Here stood Major's Wharf and the warehouse
adjoining it on the edge of the sand cliff. The writer remembers
the old well which was at the foot of the cliff near or under where
the building stood. At this wharf were rigged the vessels which
were built at the head of Broad Cove at Lincoln Street. The
wharf and property in the vicinity belonged, in the latter part of
the last century, to Major Thaxtcr, of the old Provincial army.
This gentleman was an officer in the regiment raised in this
vicinity which formed part of the garrison at Fort William Henry,
which surrendered to Montcalm and his French and Indian forces
after a protracted siege in the old French war. He came very
near being one of the victims of the subsequent massacre, being
taken prisoner and tied to a tree by the Indians, who lighted a
fire around him. A French officer rescued him, and he subse-
quently escaped or was exchanged.

The land lying south of this cove adjoining (and perhaps in-
cluding) the present camp-grounds belonging to the First Corps
of Cadets of the Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, was formerly
known as John's Neck.

Upon the south bank of the cove were, in early days Salt
Works.

At the Lincoln Street end of Broad Cove was a Shipyard,
where numerous vessels were built. An old lady in conversation
with the writer a few years since, spoke of having seen four
vessels at a time upon the stocks there in the early part of this
century.

Broad Cove divides into two creeks which extend northward
and westward for about a quarter of a mile. Over these creeks,
from Lincoln Street to Crow Point, ran Crow Point Lane, cross-
ing the creeks by bridges. These were landmarks a century ago,
the territory hereabouts being known as " At Y12 Bridges."

Planter's Fields Lane led from Crow Point Lane to Planter's
Fields.

From " Y Bridges " northwestward toward Weymouth River for
a considerable distance lay the Ship Lots.

Ancient Landmarks. 177

Returning- by the northerly shore of Broad Cove to the harbor
again, we skirt the foot of Otis Hill, very steep upon its western
slope, and from this cause known to the early settlers, in their
quaintly expressive nomenclature, as Weary-all LTill. The
southeastern extremity of this hill, stretching out into low land
at the north side of the entrance to Broad Cove, is Paul's Point.

The hill takes its name from John Otis, an early settler with
Rev. Peter Hobart, in 1635, and who received a grant of land
here. He was the ancestor of the celebrated Otis family in
America.

The view from Otis Hill, like that from all the high hills of
Hingliam and Cohasset, is exquisite. The waters of the bay, and
of Hingliam harbor, with its picturesque islands, lie at one's feet.
To the northeast and east, is the deep blue expanse of ocean, be-
yond the long, narrow neck of Nantasket Beach, which connects
the peninsular town of Hull with the mainland. Beyond Wind-
mill Point, Hull, the granite bastions of Fort Warren reflect the
light in the afternoon sun. Ships and steamers on their course
lend life to the ocean view. The north shore melts to haze in the
distance. Islands dot the waters of Boston Bay, the white towers
of lighthouses surmounting some of them. To the northwest
looms the city, crowned with its golden dome. The Blue Hills
of Milton, the Mas-sa-chu-setts,

" rock-ribbed and ancient as the sun,"

rise against the western horizon. Fields and heavy woodlands lie
from the southwest to the southeast, interspersed with towns and
villages scattered here and there.

Daniel Webster greatly admired Otis Hill with its view, and
often visited it on his way to Marshfield. It is said that he had a
great desire to buy it and make his home there, but feared that as
it was so near the city he could not hope for the seclusion which
a more distant spot would afford.

At the north end of Otis Hill is Walton's Cove, or Wampum
Cove, a slight indentation westward from the harbor, with very
pretty scenery about it, having a high rocky shore on one side
and fine trees all about it. An early settler of 1635, William
Walton, owned land here, hence its name.

Beyond Walton's Cove is Crow Point, a rounded hill extending
like a cape into the harbor. It was the first ancient landmark
sighted by the early explorers who sailed into Hingham Harbor,
and probably the first spot landed upon.

Before leaving this neighborhood, it will be well to take a look
at the islands. The tide is high, and a row about the bay will be
a fine thing this bright fall afternoon.

Taking a boat, then, at Crow Point, we will pull over first to
Ragged Island, the westernmost of the group lying next the
shore. This island, well-named, is a very picturesque mass of

VOL. I. — 12

178 History of H Ingham.

rock, and the scarlet and yellow of the sumacs, and other wild
shrubs, form a fiery contrast to the deep olive green of the savins
here and there among- the ledges. At half-tide, the rusty under-
water coloring of the rocks of these islands, supplemented by the
dark, yellowish-russet tints of the rockweed, which only grows
submerged on the ledges, is very interesting in an artistic point
of view.

East of this lies Sarah's (Sailor's, or Sayles's) Island. This
is also the summit of a great rocky ledge rising up from the
water, and clothed with sumacs and other shrubs.

Towards the head of the harbor, hardly a mile south, lies
Button Island. This little heap of rock and gravel, bearing no
trees nor shrubs and but little grass, is not worth visiting. But
one other remains to be noticed, Langlee's Island (in early days
Ibrook's), which is a beautiful spot. Steep ledges surround it,
except for small intervals, where there are gravelly beaches, upon
one of which stands a line linden. Shrubs abound upon the
uplands. It will be, in a few years, yet more beautiful than
now, thanks to the enlightened taste of the gentleman who owns
it. He has planted many small trees, which will eventually cover
it with forest growth, as was originally the case when the country
was settled, and restore it to the condition in which all the islands
of Boston harbor should be. Had they been kept so for the past
two centuries, the forces of erosion would not have succeeded in
practically sweeping some of them from the face of the earth, and
destroying the contour of all. Richard Ibrook, who probably
owned this island very early, came in 1635.

As we row ashore again, those few light clouds in the west are
taking upon themselves from the declining sunbeams colors yet
more gorgeous than those of the fall foliage, and we have a fine
opportunity of admiring one of those superb sunsets for which
Hingham harbor is justly celebrated. Glowing, as it does, over
the waters of the bay and across the western hills, it presents a
splendor which no locality in the world can surpass.

Although twilight is short at this season, there is yet time for
a ride around the shore before the gloaming is upon us ; and
as we left our horses here, let us mount at once and follow the
road around the north side of Crow Point, and then the beach
along the foot of the fine hill next west of it, the bank of which
is bordered by a heavy growth of Lindens, Canoe Birches (very
rare hereabouts), and other trees. This is Pleasant Hill. Be-
yond it arc Planter's Fields, or Planils, and another of those
Damde Meddowes which our ancestors rescued from the inroads
of the sea wherever they could do so to advantage. Between the
southerly slopes of Crow Point and Pleasant Hill, and Walton's
Cove on the south, is a slight eminence called Tucker's or Tuck-
er's Hill. John Tucker was an early settler, coming in 1635.

The beach west of Pleasant Hill is Gardner's or Garnett's
(Garner's) Beach.

Ancient Landmarks. 179

Beyond Pleasant Hill is the mouth of Weymouth Back River,
here an arm of the sea. At this point is Huet's (Hewitt's)
Cove, which with the land in its vicinity, including the localities
formerly known as The Wigwam and The Captain's Tent, is a
beautiful and romantic spot. The cove itself is an indentation
formed bv a low rocky point making out to the westward, the
opposite shore being a steep ledge or precipice, the upper part
covered with canoe birches, oaks, and other forest trees in pro-
fusion. The rolling contour of the country here, embracing
pretty open fields, alternating with savin and linden thickets
extending to the verge of the beaches, gives a charming va-
riety to the landscape, while the water view is all that could be
desired.

Dnrino- the siea-e of Boston bv Washington, the English found
themselves in sore straits for forage. Learning of some barns
well filled with hay upon Grape Island, which lies off Huet's
Cove, the British commander ordered a foraging party to pro-
ceed in boats to the island and secure the supplies. The expe-
dition, however, was discovered, and the militia of Hingham and
vicinity were soon on the march down Lincoln Street to Huet's
Cove, it being feared that the enemy intended landing there.
Finding, however, that their objective point was Grape Island,
a. detachment was sent off which set the barns on fire before
the English could land. Being disappointed in their object, the
enemv returned to Boston without attempting a landing.

Among the fields at Huet's Cove is a small tract formerly known
as Patience's Garden. Patience Pometick, the last Indian squaw
living in Hingham, used to gather roots and herbs here, and sell
them to the townspeople. In later days, and early in this cen-
tiirv, an eccentric colored woman called " Black Patty" used to
visit Patience's Garden, and haunt the territory adjoining Huet's
Cove. Upon one occasion Patty was collecting herbs there, when,
happening to glance seaward, attracted by a peculiar and unac-
customed sound, the poor wretch's blood was frozen by what she
saw. A dark, uncouth looking monster was rapidly approaching
over the water, snorting black smoke with a spiteful sound, the
waves of the bay foaming behind it, and sparks of fire mingling
with the smoke which it belched forth. Patty waited to see no
more, but rushed over the fields and into the first house that she
could reach, screaming that the Fiend himself was close behind
her. The monster which poor Patty had taken for the Enemy
of Souls was the first Hingham steamboat coming into the harbor!

Farther up Weymouth River, and just before reaching the
bridge over which the Hingham and Quincy turnpike ran, there
is a high, partly wooded promontory, which until within a year
or two belonged to the town, and is known as Stoddard's (Stod-
dar's) Neck.

The old building nearest the bridge, on the north side of the
road was, in the days of the turnpike, the Toll House. From

180 History of Hingham.

here a sharp ride over Lincoln Street will take us into the village-
about dusk. Until within twenty years this street only extended
west a short distance beyond Crow-Point Lane, and the first set-
tlers who laid it out called it Broad-Cove Street. It runs along
the northerly base of Squirrel Hill, near its junction with Crow-
Point Lane. The view from this hill almost equals that from
Otis Hill. At the foot of Squirrel Hill were formerly Clay Pits,
where there were brick kilns.

The name of Broad-Cove Street was changed to Lincoln Street
in honor of Major-General Benjamin Lincoln, of the army of the
Revolution. The General Lincoln Mansion, on the corner of
this and North Streets, is still occupied by his descendants. A
portion of it is upwards of two hundred and twenty years old.

About a dozen years since it became necessary to construct a
sewer on Main Street, to relieve the part of the road south of the
Old Meeting-House of surplus surface water. The line of this
sewer was laid out so as to run along in front of the hill upon
which stands the Derby Academy ; a part of which hill, as else-
where stated, was cut down, and the roadway lowered to the
present level. The rising ground thus removed was originally
part of the burial-hill, and Main Street here passes over where
the edge of the slope originally was.

Upon digging to build this sewer several skeletons were un-
earthed, which were identified as those of the Acadian prisoners
who died in Hingham ; for a number of those unhappy exiles were
sent here after their expatriation. Some of them lived for a time
in a small one-story house which stood on Broad-Cove Street, on
land which is now the southeast corner of Lincoln Street and
Burditt Avenue. In this house also were quartered, early in the
Revolutionary War, Lieutenant Haswell and his young daughter,
who was afterwards the celebrated Mrs. Rowson. Mr. Hasweli
was a British officer, and collector of the customs at Hull, for
the King. He was for some time a prisoner-of-war in Hingham
and elsewhere.

On Lincoln Street, at the easterly side of the road, and at the
summit of the hill north of Fountain Square, stands a large, old-
fashioned house which was, sixty years since, Wilder'* Tavern,
and yet earlier, The Andrews Tavern. There used to be a post
in front of the porch, on which was a large golden ball.

Another crisp, bright October morning, —

" when the quiet light
Succeeds the keen and frosty night; "

and what could be finer than this for further explorations among
the landmarks ? Let us start, therefore, in the direction of the
West End. The house next west of the General Lincoln man-
sion was in old times Seth Cushing's Inn. Going up North

HOME OF GEN. BENJAMIN LINCOLN".

Ancient Landmarks. 181

Street, we are all the time moving parallel with the Town Brook,
which rises in Bare Swamp and flows down, crossing South Street
at the West Hingham depot, thence easterly through the centre
of The Swamp, — ■ a fresh meadow bounded by North, West, and
South Streets, and probably extending originally to the cove
which is now the mill pond, — - to its outlet in the last-named local-
ity. The bridge across the brook, connecting North and South
Streets at the point near the Methodist church, is known as
Goold's Bridge. That one where these two streets approach
each other at the east end of The Swamp, is Marsh's Bridge.
A short distance further west an old way called Burton's Lane
runs north from North Street toward Squirrel Hill.

At the last bend of North Street is a small hill, a spur of
Baker's Hill, known as Mars Hill. One of the oldest houses
in Hingham stands upon it.

After turning into Beal Street, Baker's Hill rises on the
right hand. It is one of the largest and highest hills in town,
and there is a superb view from the top. It derived its name
from the residence, at its foot, of Nicholas Baker, who with his
brother Nathaniel came with Rev. Peter Hobart in 1635.

Beal Street, formerly The Turnpike between Hingham and
Quincy, and the direct road to Boston until Lincoln Street was
cut through, was in early times Goold's (Gold's) Lane, and ran
north until it reached the first hill. Then it divided into three
blind lanes. One led westward to Great Lots ; one northwest-
ward to the same locality ; and one was Squirrel-Hill Lane,
which runs from Beal Street, north of Baker's Hill, to Squirrel
Hill. Edward Gold, from whom this lane took its name, was an
early settler. He was known as " the pailmaker."

A few rods from the junction of Beal with North Street, Hook-
ley Lane runs west from Beal Street to Hockley. Where this
lane begins is Hockley Corner (another Hockley Corner is on
Fort-Hill Street). Hockley is an extensive district, consisting
of hundreds of acres of rolling country, embracing fine meadows,
woodlands, and a beautif id water front on Weymouth Back River.
It is one of the most attractive localities in Hingham. Tucker's
Swamp is situated north of Hockley Lane. In former days the
cutting and drying of peat for fuel was quite an industry at this
place. There were about twenty-five buildings then standing in
the vicinity, used for the storage of dried peat.

Near the foot of the lane is Hockley Run, which empties into
the river at Beal's Cove, a pretty indentation here. Two other
small runs flow into the river near by. The old crossing known
in early days as London Bridge was not far distant.

The territory north, about Lincoln and Beal streets, including
the Almshouse and Town Farm, was formerly denominated
Great Lots. Stovvell's Hill is on Weymouth River, near the
Alms House.

Returning to Beal Street, and crossing the head of the Swamp,

182 History of Hingham.

over West Street, we turn to the right into Fort-Hill Street, which
passes over Fort Hill, about a quarter of a mile farther south-
west. The old name was Nichols's Hill, until, in the time of
King Philip's War, a fort was built upon it for protection against
Indian attacks, and the name was changed to Fort Hill. When
the top of the hill was cut off, the lines of the old fort were oblit-
erated. Near the end of this street, and close to the Weymouth
line, is Fresh Rivei;, a little stream rising in Bare Swamp and
emptying into Weymouth Back River. A small branch of this
flows from the neighborhood of Nutty Hill across Hobart
Street. The bridge across Fresh River at Fort-Hill Street is
West Bridge. The one over it on French Street is French's
Bridge. At the corner of Fort Hill and French streets is a
small sheet of water through which this little stream flows, called
Round Pond.

New Bridge Street, which runs in a southerly direction from
Fort-Hill Street, crosses Fresh River, passes through Bare
Swamp, and skirts the easterly side of Great Hill, which lies
between it and Hobart Street. Bare Swamp was, like all mead-
ows found already cleared of forest by the early settlers, very
valuable to them, for the reason that such lands afforded for-
age for their cattle. In their system of valuation meadow
property was rated highest, corn lands next, and woodlands
least. How the present estimate would reverse this if a portion
of the magnificent primeval forest which the}'' found were yet
standing ! Bare Swamp, when they came, was found to have
been cleared by the beavers, and received its name from its being
bare of trees. Those animals, evidently plenty up to that time,
had by their dams across the watercourses, overflowed the vicin-
ity. This had, perhaps, been the case for centuries, at least for
so long a period that the trees had died out and fallen, and
meadow land was the natural consequence.

Great Hill is rather a barren height, as are most of the small
eminences about it : but interspersed among these are various
little green and fertile meadows. Some of them arc under culti-
vation, others growing up to woods, which it is to be hoped will
advance up the slopes of the hills, thus increasing their value
and enhancing their beauty. The neighborhood is of great in-
terest to the geologist, exhibiting as it does, remarkable traces
of the occupancy of this region by the great glacier. Pigeon
Plain is a sandy tract of land between the Great Hill district
and High Street. It was in early days a haunt of the wild
pigeons.

South of Hobart Street, and between it and High Street, lies
Hemlock Swamp. At the corner of French and High streets is
Nutty (or Nutter's) Hill, so called because the early settlers
found walnuts there in great abundance.

Beyond High Street is Ward Street. The portion of this road.
Old Ward Street, which used to be a highway running nearly

■/.

•j.

y

Ancient Landmarks. 183

due south to Queen Ann's Turnpike, is discontinued, although
even now it is a delightful bridle path through the thick woods.
Where it crosses a small branch of Plymouth River is a pecu-
liarly shaped field always known as Ox-13ow Meadow. The
present part of Ward Street between its junction with Old Ward
Street and Gushing Street, used to be called Fox Lane. Root's
Bridge and Root's Hill are near the junction referred to.

Riding through the pleasant old deserted Ward Street, we reach
Whiting Street, formerly Queen Ann's Turnpike (or " Quean "
Ann's Turnpike). This name, sad to say, was not bestowed in
honor of good Queen Anne, but was derived from the sobriquet
of a far less reputable individual, who kept a tavern of unsavory
reputation upon it in former days.

This street enters Hingham from Weymouth, and makes its
exit at Queen Ann's Corner, just east of Accord Pond, at the
point where it meets Main Street. On Whiting Street, near the
Weymouth line, is a rocky ridge across the street, called The
Devil's Back. It is said that whatever may be done in the
way of covering this ridge, or lowering it by blasting, it always
in time reappears. Whether the inhabitants of an earlier gene-
ration considered this peculiarity as evincing undue activity on
the part of Satan in making travel in that vicinity more labori-
ous, or whether they surmised that the " Ward Witches " had a
hand in the mischief, instigated thereto by the Evil One, they
bestowed upon the ridge this unsanctified name. The territory
certainly must have been within the jurisdiction of these " Ward
Witches," who were lady members of a family which formerly
dwelt in a part of the town not very far away, and who were
popularly believed to practise the Black Art.

Passing southeast over this old turnpike we come to a deep
ravine through which flows, in a northerly direction, an active
little stream called Plymouth River. Further on, a branch of
the same crosses the road. This " river," now but a brook in
size, received its name from the fact of its being on the way to
Plymouth, as it crossed the Old Indian Path which was in this
vicinity, and which was the only road which the earlv settlers
had between Boston and Plymouth.

It must be noted that the little streams called " rivers " in
Hingham, were doubtless in aboriginal days much wider and
deeper than now. The denudation of the country by the extir-
pation of the heavy forests, with the consequent desiccation of
lands which then held in their sponge-like soils, mulched by thou-
sands of generations of fallen leaves, volumes of water vastly in
excess of what falls upon or remains in them now, has resulted
in the dwarfing of the once good-sized streams, and the diminu-
tion of the annual rainfall ; and the dry and starveling wood-
lands (as compared with the primeval forest), cannot retain the
moisture necessary to the formation of rivers of any size.

A short distance southeast of the easterly branch of Plymouth

184: History of Hingham.

River, on Whiting Street, we come upon dishing Street, crossing
the old turnpike. We will turn to the right and proceed a few
rods until we strike Derby Street, which leads from the intersec-
tion of Gardner with Whiting Street, westward into Weymouth.
This country is all in the old Fourth Division. Ancient land-
marks are plentiful in this corner of Hingham, although many
of them can with difficulty be distinguished, owing to the country
being now extensively covered with woods where formerly were
farms. Consequently, in most cases their location merely can be
pointed out.

South of Derby, and immediately west of Gardner Street, lies
Huckleberry Plain, famous for the abundance of the fruit from
which it derives its name. West of this, and south of Derby
Street are the Farm Hills. Between Derby and Abington Street
and Rockland, is Mast Swamp, where formerly grew very large
pines, suitable for masts of vessels. North of Derby Street, and
between it and Whiting Street, are the Smooth Hills. To the
south again are the Three Hundred Acres, a tract once be-
longing to Madam Derby. Derby Street was named in honor
of this lady. Just before this street enters Weymouth, it passes
through Musquito Plain, so called from the supposed super-
abundance of these insects.

Retracing our course over Derby Street, we will turn into
Gushing Street and proceed almost due north. Between this
street, Whiting Street, and Plymouth River, is Breakneck Hill,
now not a specially perilous descent where it invades the high-
way, however steep it may formerly have been. East of dishing
Street, at this point, is Hoop-Pole Hill, where great quantities
of trees were cut in the days when the mackerel fishery was in
its prime, to furnish hoops for the barrels made at the harbor for
packing the fish. Woods now cover nearly all the hills in this
romantic and almost deserted portion of the town. A branch of
Plymouth River crosses and recrosses the road along the base of
these hills six times. The next point of interest is Mullein
Hill, a sharp ridge lying on the east side of the road. The
extensive growth of mullein in this locality in past days gave
this hill its name. The somewhat abrupt ranges next crossed,
and extending west of the road, are those of the High Hills.

The country all about here has a peculiarly broken surface,
and the woods covering it are principally oak.

White-Oak Neck lies between Plymouth River, just before it
enters Cushing's Pond, and Eel River, a little stream which
flows north, crossing Cushing Street, and also emptying into this
pond. The road turns abruptly to the eastward here, and crosses
the southerly extremity of Cushing's Pond, a pretty sheet of
water lying among wooded hills, upon the banks of which have
been carried on some of the most noted industries of the town.
Here is the Bucket Factory, where for generations were made
the celebrated "Hingham buckets" which were sold, far and

Ancient Landmark*. 185

wide, all over the country. It is proper to state, however, that
it was the manufacture of buckets by hand, at little shops else-
where in town, earlier than the establishment of this factory,
that had procured for Hingham the sobriquet of " Bucket Town."
Here also were made the " Jacobs Hatchets " esteemed for their
excellence and exported all over the world in days gone by.
Alas, alas ! how the mercantile, manufacturing, and maritime en-
terprises of Hingham have faded away, never to reappear. The
Thomas Iron Foundry at Thomas's Pond on Weir River, the
Eagle Foundry at the harbor, the Bucket Factory and Hatchet
Works at Cushing's Pond, the Cordage Factory, the Iron Works
and Factory at Trip-Hammer Pond, — the productions of all these
various industries were justly appreciated both in this country
and abroad, and none more so than those of the Stephenson Scale
Works. The shipyards of Hingham — Hall's, Souther's, and
others — launched as noble vessels as sailed under the flag. The
fishing interests of the town employed a large fleet of fine schoon-
ers, well commanded and manned by hundreds of her stalwart
young men. These interests built up more than one fortune,
large for those days.

The house near Main Street was one of the old inns of earlier
days. It was known as Brigadier Cushing's Tavern. Reaching
Main Street, we will turn to the right. The first hill on the road,
going south, was in early days called Mayse's or May's, now
Liberty Pole Hill. The country south of this locality, to the
town line, is called Liberty Plain.

At the foot of the southerly slope of this hill, a blind lane
leads west through the woods, towards Eel River. This is Eel-
River Lane. The gradual rise on Main Street from this point,
south, is called Dig- away Hill (in some old papers Didgeway).
Further on, to the west of the road, at Gardner Street, is White-
Oak Plain. Half-way between Gardner Street and the town
line, at Gardner's Bridge, Main Street crosses Beechwoods
River, sometimes called Mill River, the little stream flowing
northeast from Accord Pond, which unites with others near the
centre of the township to form Weir River.

On the town line where Main Street meets " Queen Ann's Turn-
pike," now Whiting Street, is Queen Ann's Corner, and a few
rods to the west is Accord Pond, from which Hingham draws its
water supply. It is a beautiful sheet of water, of about three-
fourths of a mile in length, lying within the limits of three
towns, — Hingham, Rockland, and Norwell (formerly South Scitu-
atc). The easterly shore is bordered by open country, the west
side generally heavily wooded. The forest in this vicinity is
largely composed of the Scarlet Oak, and at this season is in a
blaze of brilliant coloring.

It is a singular fact that of all the ponds of any considerable
size in Hingham, but one is a natural pond. All the rest, —
Cushing's, Fulling-Mill, Trip-Hammer, Thomas's, and the Mill-

186 History of Hingham.

pond, are artificial. According to one tradition Accord Pond
received its name from the following circumstances.

A treaty with the Indians was about to be concluded by the
inhabitants of the adjacent country, and it was 'decided to as-
semble for the purpose at the point where the three towns of
Abington, Scituate, and Hingham at that time met, somewhere
near the middle of the pond which lay within the limits of these
three townships. The conference was held in winter, on the ice,
and was entirely successful, the questions at issue being settled
amicably. On account of the happy accord which manifested
itself between the contracting parties, the sheet of water received
from that time the name of Accord Pond.

There are other traditions of similar import, but this one
seems the most interesting.

One other large natural pond was within the original limits of
Hingham, — Scituate Pond ; but it lies in Cohasset, which town,
as previously stated, was set off from Hingham in 1770.

A small stream called Slough River flows from the Farm
Hills across Gardner Street, and empties into the northern ex-
tremity of Accord Pond.

On Main Street, a long house, almost the last building in Hing-
ham before reaching the town line, was in the early part of the
century Sivret's Tavern. The old country taverns in those days
were vastly more numerous than they are now, when the railroads
covering the country have rendered them superfluous.

And now that bright yellow sunset over there, beyond the Blue
Hills, indicates a fine day for to-morrow.

This bright morning follows appropriately in the wake of the
past few perfect days ; and now let us start for a stroll at the old
cove itself. From the Mill bridge, passing west through North
Street (the old Town Street of the early settlers) we come within
a few rods to where the road bends slightly to the right. Here,
where the millpond contracts to half its previous width, there
was in the early days of the town, a second mill, and mill-dam
across to the cemetery hill. A short distance farther west is
Ship Street on the right, in old times Fish Street. At this
spot the early settlers with Rev. Peter Hobart landed from
their boats.

The old houses on either corner of Ship and North Streets were
formerly the Waters Taverns. An old house next to the one of
these two on the westerly corner, was tbe Nye Tavern. Here is
where certain British officers, quartered in town as prisoners of
war during the Revolution, were brought for their meals. The
old house next west of the Nye Tavern, standing on rising ground,
with many trees about it, the Gay Mansion, was the home of the

Ancient Landmarks. 187

Rev. Dr. Gay, long the celebrated pastor of the First Parish.
Immediately west of this stands a building which, now enlarged
and rebuilt, was in its original condition the home of the Rev.
John Norton, the second pastor of the First Parish.

Opposite this spot, South Street enters North Street diagonally.
This road also was termed Town Street when laid out by the
first settlers. At its very beginning it crosses the Town Brook
by Magoon's Bridge.

Passing on a few rods more, we come to Main Street, which
runs south from the railroad depot. On the easterly corner of
Cottage Street, which enters North Street opposite Main, stands
the dishing House, formerly the Union Hotel, and earlier yet,
Little & Morey's Tavern. This was a noted old inn in its day.
Next east of it is a very old house, which was one of the " Gar-
rison-houses " of the time of King Philip's War.

Main Street crosses the Town Brook by Broad Bridge.. The
old bridge, notwithstanding its name, was formerly hardly wide
enough for two teams to pass abreast, and a watering place for
horses and cattle existed by the roadside where it crossed the
brook. It is related that a worthy citizen, hurrying in a violent
thunder storm to fetch the doctor, was obliged to wait for a flash
of lightning to show him the bridge, which in the darkness was
quite invisible. There is no locality in Hingham of which the
name has a more familiar sound than that of the " Broad Bridge."
Very near it, on both sides of the road, stood many of the shops
where the town wits and celebrities used in the old times to
gather in the winter evenings to talk over news and politics,
crack jokes, and tell stories, some of which have come down to
posterity with all their pristine savor. Pertinent to this subject
may be a little circumstance which took place at a fine colonial
mansion hard by, where dwelt in former days a gentleman of the
old Hingham school, Squire Blank. Some French officers who
had served with General Lincoln under Washington, were travel-
ling in this country, and came to Hingham to pay their respects
to the old general. Squire Blank gave a soiree in their honor,
and considered himself in courtesy bound to converse in French
instead of the vernacular. Consequently, after welcoming his
foreign guests, he launched into a general conversation with the
most prominent Frenchman, who stood gracefully bowing and
smiling, and using the most agonized endeavors to comprehend
the SquhVs French. At last, in despair of coming at his enter-
tainer's meaning, he broke out deprecatingly but vigorously, and
in the Squire's mother tongue, " For Heaven's sake, Mr. Blank,
speak English if you can ! "

On North Street, facing Broad Bridge, where the Catholic
Church now is, there stood until recently a fine old colonial
mansion, having tapestried halls, and with some of the door-
panels decorated by sketches painted by the celebrated Madam

188

History of Hingham.

- ASfl&fcfia

LL*H$£f*G.CO.,B<

THE THAXTEK HOUSE,
Which stood on North Street opposite Broad Bridge.

Derby, — the old Thaxter House. At the time of the Revolu-
tion it was owned and occupied by a Mr. Elisha Leavitt, who was
a bitter Tory. It was thought by the patriots that he suggested to
the British commander, during the siege of Boston, the sending of
the expedition to Grape Island for the purpose of securing for-
age. To punish him for this, a mob assembled and started for his
house, with the idea, perhaps, of destroying the mansion, or pos-
sibly, even, of offering him personal violence. He got wind of
their coming, however, and had a barrel of rum rolled out of his
cellar in front of the house, with other refreshments, such as
crackers and cheese, for the rank and file of the mob, while cake
and wine were provided in the house for the gentlemen leading
the populace. Upon the arrival of the crowd, they were invited
to help themselves to the refreshments, while the gentlemen
aforesaid were received by Mrs. Leavitt in elegant dress, and
urged to walk in and partake of the wine. This unexpected and
politic courtesy disarmed the fury of the Whigs, and the threat-
ened violence was drowned in good cheer.

Just beyond South Street the road formerly divided. The prin-
cipal roadway came over the low hill upon which the Derby
Academy stands, the westerly portion of which has since been
cut down. The other road ran along the foot of this hill. Be-
tween the two roads on the high land stood the post-office, and
one or two other buildings. Several old gravestones also were

Ancient Landmarks. 180

there, as the slope had been in the early days a part of the burial
ground, and the First Meeting-House of the early settlers with
Rev. Peter Hobart stood in front of the present site of the Derby
Academy. It was probably a log house, and there was a belfry
upon it, containing a bell. It was fortified by palisades.

When the street was lowered to the present level by cutting-
down the hill and removing the buildings upon it, many graves
were found in and about the roadway, containing the bones of
some of the first settlers. These were reverently gathered to-
gether and reinterred within the breastworks of the Old Fort,
which is a circular earthwork on the summit of the burial hill,
back of the Academy. This fort was built to command the ap-
proach by water, either of Indians in their canoes during King
Philip's War, or in anticipation of a possible attack at the time of
the troubles with the Dutch at New York. It is kept in a fine
state of preservation, and a plain granite shaft in the centre was
erected by the town to the memory of the first settlers. Around
its outer slope are set many very quaint and ancient gravestones,
unearthed here and there in the process of repairs or improve-
ment of this beautiful cemeterv In the arrangement and adorn-
ment of this resting-place of the dead, the taste displayed and the
great work done by Dr. R. T. P Fiske and Mr. John Todd, the
gentlemen who have had it in charge during the past fifty years,
have been in the highest degree creditable and honorable to them.

In this cemetery are interred some of the most distinguished of
Americans, as well as those men who came from over the sea to
make Hingham their home. Here sleep the long line of eminent
pastors of the First Parish, who preached in the Old Meeting-
house yonder, — Hobart, Gay, Norton, Ware, Richardson, Lincoln.
Many families whose members have attained to high position in
the political, military, professional, or business circles of the re-
public bring their dead here to the home of their ancestors, to
slumber in the beautifully wooded hills or valleys of this lovely
spot.

Many a soldier, from the general commanding an army to the
riflemen who stood shoulder to shoulder in the line of battle, awaits
the last reveille here. Many a sailor, who fought under " Old
Glory " behind the cannon on the high seas, is ready to start up
from this ground when " All hands on deck ! " is piped for the last
time. The tomb of Major-General Benjamin Lincoln, of the Rev-
olutionary Army, is here. John Albion Andrew, the " great war
governor" of Massachusetts during the Rebellion, rests here by
his monument. The shaft to those who died by land or sea in the
war for the Union crowns one of these beautiful heights.

On Main Street, in front of the entrance to the cemetery and on
a height above the road, the handsome retaining wall of which is
draped with ampelopsis, now beautiful in autumn coloring, is The
Old Meeting-House of the First Parish, now in the two hundred
and eighth year of its existence. Standing far apart from and

190 - History of Hingham.

above all other buildings, and embowered in fine trees, it is too
well known to need description here. In simple, homely grand-
eur it towers there, a century older than the republic itself. If it
could speak so as to be heard by mortal ears, what might it not
reveal of the dead and of the living, of the story of the past! But
to those who love Hingham and her history, it has a thousand
tongues which are never silent.

Main Street, as far as Pear-Tree Hill, which is the steep
bluff at the beginning of the Lower Plain, was, in the earliest
times, known as Bachelor's Rowe, or Bachelor Street.

The salt marshes east of the road, below Pear-Tree Hill, are the
Home Meadows.

Having surmounted Pear-Tree Hill, we are upon the Lower
Plain, which is a tract of mainly level country extending south as
far as Tower's Bridge, on Main Street. But we will leave this
street and take Leavitt Street eastward. A large, low building
on the corner, under a noble buttonwood-trce, was, in former days,
Lewis's Inn. The large, old-fashioned building east of it was
once the old Almshouse.

Leaving the Agricultural Hall upon the left, we soon come to
Weir River, here crossed by Leavitt's Bridge. A short distance
further on, a wav is reached winding off to the riirht and south,

m O CD '

which is Pope's Lane, or Pope's Hole. At the first turn on this
lane are the Clump Bars, known also to the boys of past genera-
tions as Plumb Bars. This is evidently a corruption, as they de-
rived the name from being, in former times, near a clump of trees
when there were but few trees in the vicinity. The country there-
abouts had not then grown up to woodlands, but was devoted to
tillage or pasturage. Between this lane and Weir River lies
Rocky Meadow. Turning to the eastward, the way leads into
thick woods, in a rocky, rolling country, and among these, on the
right side of the lane, is the wild and romantic ledge known as
Indian Rock.

Nearly opposite this rock is Chubbuck's Well, and the cellar
of Chubbuck's House, which house itself was demolished in 1759.
This old well, now filled to the brim with leaves and debris, yet
shows the carefully built wall, as good now as when constructed
by Thomas Chubbuck, who was an early settler in 1634.

Further down the lane there is a rocky place in the woods
called The Hogpen.

The lane, turning westward, crosses Trip-Hammer Pond by a
causeway. This pond is formed by Weir River, which flows
through it. There were formerly iron works here, with a trip-
hammer, and also a shingle factory.

Returning to Leavitt Street (the part of which leading into
Third Division Woods was the old Third Division Lane) we
will stop to look into James Lane, now so overgrown with woods
that it cannot be distinguished, except by its location, from other
cartways into the forest. It leads to James Hill, in Cohassct.

Ancient Landmarks. 191

Near its junction with Lcavitt Street is Pine-Log Hill. The
Iron Mine (so called) is here at the corner of the lane, although
indistinguishable in the undergrowth. It is hard to say now
what gave this name to the locality. Near it is Black Snake
Hill. Dismal Swamp is northeast of the Iron Mine, and ex-
tends into Cohasset. Close by is, or rather was, the famous
Forest Sanctuary. This was an open grove of noble pines, the
growth of centuries, — the ground beneath them being carpeted
with a thick layer of fragrant pine needles, with gray and mossy
rocks here and there. The name was a fitting one, and well ex-
pressed the quiet grandeur of the natural beauty of this remote
spot. But it was deemed desirable to sweep away these superb
trees in order to

" coin their blood for drachmas/'

and Forest Sanctuary has accordingly long been a thing of the
past.

We are now in the Third Division Woods, which extend far
and wide, over hill, dale, and swamp, and form probably the near-
est approach to the primeval wilderness which can be found
within fifteen miles of Boston. They spread over into Cohasset,
and far southward. The deciduous part of these woodlands is
largely composed of various species of the oak family ; the ever-
green portion principally of the white pine, although many other
species of both classes of trees abound. At the side of the old
Third Division Road, on the line between Hingham and Cohasset,
is a mark which was called the Stone Bounds. When the select-
men of the two towns " make their rounds," they are popularly
and mysteriously supposed to reach this mark at high noon, and
according to the ancient custom "'crack a bottle" against it.
Other landmarks in Third Division Woods are Josh Leavitt's
Bars, on the right side of the way near the road to Beechwoods.
Near by is Thorph. Burr's Hill, so called from a Mr. Burr, who
owned land at its foot. Glass Rock was on the line of the Third
Division, far south.

Now let us return again to Leavitt Street, and, retracing our
former course, turn to the eastward into Turkey Hill Lane,
which leads up over three quite elevated eminences, until we reach
the principal height of Turkey Hill. It is nearly a mile to this
summit. At the first bend, to the right of the lane, are the re-
mains of what was once a ledge, or enormous bowlder, about
twelve feet high, with a rounded top sloping off smoothly to the
south. This was Great- Rock. Upon this smooth surface an
eccentric individual had chiselled in large letters this odd inscrip-
tion : —

" When wild in woods the naked savage ran,
Lazell, Low, Loring, Lane, Lewis, Lincoln,
Hersey, Leavitt, Jacobs, King, Jones and Sprague,
Stemmed the wild torrent of a barbarous age,
And were the first invaders of this country
From the Island of Great Britain, in 1635."

192 History of Hingham.

A few feet away from the above, was also cut the following : —

" This Inscription-
was WROUGHT BY HOSEA Sl'RAGUE,
A NATIVE OF HlNGHAM,
WHO WAS A TRAVELLER HERE

July 4th, 1828."

It was regarded as a great curiosity, and would have been more
and more interesting as time passed on. But, unhappily, in the
year 1833 certain persons considered that the only value in the
great rock was the handful of dollars which it would bring for
building purposes, and it was blown to pieces and sold for a
pittance.

As one mounts higher and higher upon this hill, or rather upon
this series of heights, the view in all directions grows more and
more beautiful, until, when the top of Turkey Hill is reached, it
mav be called sublime.

Look at it now in this red October sunset ! To the east on the
horizon lies the deep blue line of the broad Atlantic, Avhich sweeps
round toward the north. North and northwest are the headlands
and islands of the bay. In the extreme distance in this last di-
rection the sun's rays flame upon the roofs and towers of the city.
In the nearer space they are reflected in golden light from the
placid waters of the harbor. Weir River shines between the
green meadows, almost at our feet, like a silver thread. The Blue
Hills are misty in the far west. Villages and houses speck the
landscape here and there. That great hill to the southeast is
Scituate Hill.

Now turn southwards. There are brilliant woodlands in the
other directions, but what a glory of scarlet, yellow, and green
from the painted forests that stretch away to the southern hori-
zon's edge here ! This surpasses any other Hingham view.

In the War of 1812 people came to this hill on a sorrowful June
day to see a famous naval duel. The British frigate " Shannon ''
had been cruising off Boston harbor, and the captain sent a chal-
lenge in to Captain Lawrence, who commanded the frigate " Chesa-
peake," then lying at the navy yard, her crew having been paid off.
The American officer gathered as good a crew as could be ob-
tained from the sailors in port, and hurriedly set sail to meet the
enemy. The encounter was off Scituate, and was very sanguin-
ary. In the midst of it the brave Lawrence fell, mortally
wounded. As they carried him below lie cried, " Don't give up
the ship ! " But with his fall, the Americans lost heart, and
after a hopeless struggle they were forced to surrender. A sad
and wretched pageant for the spectators on Turkey Hill and along
the shore !

Turkey Hill lies mostly in Hingham, but a part is in Cohasset.
Its name was bestowed on account of the early abundance of wild
turkevs there.

Ancient Landmarks. 103

In descending the hill at the easterly end, we leave the old way
and pass over a private road, which has been laid out through the
dark pine woods, winding beautifully down the slope till it reaches
Side-Hill Road, following which, northward, we come out of
these charming woods upon East Street, which we will turn into
and proceed toward Cohasset. The Battery Pasture, or The
Battery, was near Side-Hill road. The origin of the name is
obscure. There is a very singular tongue of Hingham territory
which extends over half a mile into Cohasset, and is known as
The Homesteads. It is only a few rods in width, and tapers off
to nothing at the railroad crossing at its east end. " The Home-
steads " were the home lands of certain of the inhabitants, who,
soon after Cohasset was laid off from Hingham, petitioned to be
allowed to have their lands here re-annexed to Hingham. On
the north side of East Street are the Turkey Meadows, and the
little stream which crosses the road from the south and eventu-
ally flows under Lambert's Lane, emptying finally into Lyford's
Liking River, is Turkey-Hill Run.

Retracing our course, we come back to where Side-Hill Road
ends on East Street. Near this junction once stood the Black-
Horse Tavern, a famous resort for gunners and persons on their
way to or from Hull. Ebenezer Beal was the old-time host of this
inn.

Hull Street leads north from this point to Nantasket Beach.
From the extreme northwesterly part of " The Homesteads " it
forms the boundary line between Hingham and Cohasset. About
half a mile from the railroad crossing, Canterbury Street leads
away on the left, through the district called Canterbury.

The village on Hull Street, extending from Canterbury Street
to Jerusalem road, is known by the singular name of Tugmanug,
and it used to be one of the most quaint and interesting localities
along the shore. Its odd little houses, many of them having the
front door painted in most gorgeous hues, the rough and rocky
road, the queer little nooks and corners here and there, and the
salty savor which pervaded the whole place, and the inhabitants,
whose characteristics were in some respects peculiar to a village
on the New England coast where wrecks were not uncommon,
lent a picturesque glamour to the hamlet and its people, xllas !
all this is gone now, and the charm which once hung over this
mysterious locality is fled forever. All is now " spick and span,."
tidy and humdrum.

This day, which will be the last of our wanderings among the
ancient landmarks, is far colder than the lovely Indian-summer
days which have been granted us until this morning, and sharp
riding will be necessary in order to keep comfortably warm.

We will turn back again to East Street and make our way west-
ward. That little road, crossing the railroad track and winding

VOL. I. — 13

194 History of Hingham.

through a rocky, shrubby country and over high lands toward
Rockland Street, is Weir Street, once the old Weir-River Lane.
It affords one of the beautiful and sequestered rides for which
Hingham and Cohasset are famed. The tract of high land lying
east of it, now largely overgrown by woods, used to be Great
Pasture.

A little further on, around a bend in the road, we come to
Cushing's Bridge, across Weir River. Many fine " wine-glass
elms " are scattered here and there in the meadow by the river's
banks, and by the roadside, across the stream, is the magnificent
Old Elm, which was transplanted to this spot in 1729, three
years before the birth of Washington. It is justly celebrated for
its size and symmetry. All the territory in this vicinity, from
Hull Street to Summer Street, has always been known as Rocky
Nook.

The road, after passing a row of sturdy red oaks on the left,
which must have been old trees when the Pilgrims landed, reaches
a descent cut through a rough ledge and known as Rocky Hill.
Just bevond the hiffh lands to the right is Chamberlin's Swamp,
and the little stream running through the meadow, parallel with
the road and crossing it at last, to empty into Weir River at the
foot of the Agricultural Society's grounds, is Chamberlin's Run.
It is nearly dry in summer. The large white house between it
and the Agricultural Hall, now a private residence, was, in the old
days, a tavern.

East Street ends at Leavitt Street, passing over which west
to Main Street, we find ourselves in the middle of the village of
" Hingham Centre," upon Lower Plain, which extends from
Pear-Tree Hill to Tower's Bridge, as generally understood, al-
though the town book giving the " names of streets, lanes, plains,
and bridges, as established by the town May 7, 1827, and since,"
gives the boundaries of Lower Plain, " Pleasant Street to Pear-
free Hill."

Main Street runs through the village, passing The Common,
lying east of the public library, and on the west side of the road
at this point a fine old-fashioned residence, which was in earlier
days a tavern. A short distance beyond, opposite the Grand
Army Hall, is a deep depression on the north side of the road,
containing a small sheet of water, now hardly more than a
puddle, which was often referred to in old deeds as Bull's
Pond. An Almshouse formerly stood on the site of the Grand
Army Hall.

After a turn to the westward, about a quarter of a mile further
on, the street turns abruptly south at Cold Corner, and a few
rods beyond is entered by Hobart Street, near the corner of
which was the old Town Pound, where stray cattle were im-
pounded. Half a mile or so beyond, the road crosses a little
stream by Tower's Bridge. From this bridge to the south line
of the town, the country bears the general title of Great Plain,

Ancient Landmarks. 195

GLAD-TIDINGS ROCK.

although particular portions are more specially designated. The
road winds up a slight rise from Tower's Bridge, and High Street,
a few rods beyond, runs west to Weymouth. Just off this street
is White-Horse Pond. Free Street is opposite to High, on
Main Street, and runs east to Lasell Street. Just north of Free
Street is a small conical height called Crow Hill, formerly a
famous resort for the birds of that feather. Near by is Crow-
Hill Swamp.

A short distance further south Main Street crosses the stream
coming from Cushing's Pond bv Wilder's Bridge. From this
bridge to Mayse's (Liberty Pole) Hill, is Glad-Tidings Plain.
After surmounting another rise in the road, we find on the west
side the church of the Second Parish.

This village is South Hingham, and the street is very wide
and straight for a long distance, running between extensive
bordering lawns and fine rows of trees. Back of the houses
on the east side is a high granite ledge, known as Glad-
Tidings Rock.

In King Philip's War, a famous hunter, John Jacob by name,
went out to shoot deer near where the church now stands. He is
said to have frequently declared that he never would allow him-
self to be taken alive by the Indians if he encountered them.
They ambushed and shot him dead near this rock, and one tra-
dition says that his friends, overjoyed to find that he had been
killed outright and not captured to be tortured to death by the
savages, called it Glad-Tidings Rock. Another tradition re-
counts that a woman, lost by her friends, was discovered by them
from the top of the rock, and that from this circumstance the
ledge received its name.

196 History of Hingham.

We will turn eastward into South Pleasant Street, on the cor-
ner of which is a notable mansion, the home of the celebrated
Rev. Daniel Shute, D. D., the first pastor of the Second Parish.
The house is inhabited at the present day by one of his lineal
descendants.

South Pleasant Street is shaded by noble elms, set out by
a former member of the old Gushing family ; whose lands,
for generations, have extended far and wide in this section,
and do still, for hereabouts the population is largely composed
of Cushings.

Fulling-Mill Pond is on the right of the road, and at its out-
let, which is a little stream called Fulling-Mill Brook, once
stood the Fulling Mill. The bridge across this brook is Page's
Bridge. Between Page's Bridge and Lasell Street, on the south
side of the road, is Little Pond. This is a sluice-way of clear
water which never freezes, and is on a piece of land of about
three acres in extent, which was leased by the town to the Rev.
Dr. Shute for nine hundred and ninety-nine years ! The hill be-
yond Page's Bridge is rightly named Stony Hill.

Now we will strike off into Lasell Street, a wild and pretty
road, winding mostly through woods and between shrubby way-
sides.

On the easterly side of this street, about one eighth of a mile
from Free Street, and just north of a rocky rise, there is in a
thickly overgrown and woody field, the Old Lasell Pine.

It seems probable that this ancient giant may be one of the few
mighty trees yet remaining of the primeval forest. The shat-
tered branches, rent by the storms of ages, would themselves
form large trees, and the vast trunk, standing grimly amid its
own ruins, presents but a picturesque suggestion of the old pine's
earlier majesty.

Rocky Run is a little stream flowing under the street-
Entering Union Street, we find that Fearing's Bridge crosses
Weir River a short distance further northward, where it flows
among willows. Now, turning about, we will keep to the south-
ward over this street. At the first bend to the east, on rising
ground, there is a gateway, through which a cart road leads to
Trip-Hammer Pond. A short distance beyond this gateway Long-
Bridge Lane runs eastward from Union Street, winding through
woods to granite quarries, and then crosses Beechwoods River.
Near the entrance to this lane is Coal-Pit Hill. A few rods
further south the road crosses Beechwoods River at Sprague's
Bridge, and then passing the place where South Pleasant Street
enters it, rises on to high land, and over what is called The
Mountain, or Mount Blue Road, Mount Blue being in Norwell
across the line.

The view west and south from this vicinity is very fine, and
the drive over this road, thence over Beech wood Street into
Cohasset, is a most delightful one.

Ancient Landmarks. 197

Beechwoods is a very sparsely settled district, mostly heavily
wooded with beech and oak, and with much of the beautiful
holly growing at intervals. That rare and delicate shrub, the
ink-berry, is not uncommon on the open roadsides of Union
Street.

Retracing our way, and taking South Pleasant Street, we will
turn south into Charles Street by Stony Hill. Here is Mast-
Bridge Plain, where formerly fine masts were cut from the for-
est to equip the vessels building at the harbor. Mast-Bridge
Meadows lie along Beechwoods River. This little stream is
crossed by Hersey's Bridge. The noble height to the east is
Prospect Hill, the highest in Hingham. The view from the
summit is very extensive.

After crossing Hersey's Bridge the road turns southward. To
the westward is The Wigwam, a most interesting locality. Here
dwelt the Indians in considerable numbers, and the stone lire-
places of their wigwams were standing within the remembrance
of persons now living. Many of their implements of domestic
use and of the chase have been found here.

There remains but one part of Hingham which has not been
explored for the landmarks. To cover that, we will start at Cold
Corner and take Central Street, a road laid out within a few
years, which near the Ropewalks runs over a marsh which was
once known as Christmas Pond. No trace now remains, however,
which would indicate that a pond had ever existed here. Turning
west into Elm Street, we soon pass over rising ground, the portion
of which on the right, between Elm and Hersey streets, was called
Powder-House Hill. A red Powder House formerly stood
upon it, in which was stored a supply of gunpowder. It was
moved here from the hill just north of the New North Church,
on Lincoln Street.

Near the corner of Elm and Hersey streets, there stood until
within a few years a beautiful wood, known as Tranquillity
Grove. It was long made use of for picnics and various other
sorts of gatherings, social, political, and religious. The early
abolitionists used it for some of their stirring meetings.

The lower part of Hersey Street, from Elm to South streets
was in early times Austin's Lane, taking its name from Jonas
Austin, one of the first settlers in 1636, who had his homestead
granted on Town Street (now South) at the north end of this
lane.

South Street, which was, like North Street, first called Town
Street, begins at North Street opposite the old Gay mansion, im-
mediatelv crosses Maroon's Bridge, and runs west. After cross-
ing Main Street, and just before Lafayette Avenue is reached, it
until within three years passed by a homely old provincial build-
ing, which was in the last century the Anchor Tavern. General
Lafayette once lodged in it when he had occasion to pass the
night in Hingham, during the Revolutionary War. It was the

198 History of Hingham,.

country home of John A. Andrew, the war governor of Massa-
chusetts, for one summer during the great rebellion. The short
street which connects South with North Street, immediately west
of the railroad depot, crosses the town brook, and is known as
Thaxter's Bridge. In the old days the Whipping Post was
located here. About a quarter of a mile further on, and a few-
rods east of Austin's Lane (now Hersey Street), formerly stood
the old Pine-Tree Tavern. On the site of it there now stands
a large white house which was built by General Lincoln for his
son-in-law and private secretary, Mr. Abner Lincoln. The road
runs west and enters Fort-Hill Street after crossing the Town
Brook at Derby's Bridge. On the south side of the street at
this point formerly stood the mansion of Madam Derby, who
applied the property left for the purpose by her first husband,
Dr. Ezekiel Hersey, to founding Derby Academy. Many stories
are told of this able but eccentric woman. Among others is this
one, applicable to her home.

She had a rustic seat arranged among the branches of one of
the trees near her house, from which she could observe her la-
borers in the fields. She was upon one occasion sitting there
decidedly in dishabille, when she saw a carriage some distance
off, containing visitors whom she had expected to arrive later
in the day, but with whom she was not well acquainted. She
jumped down from her perch, ran round to the back of the house,
caught a brace of chickens on the way, twisted their necks and
thing them to the cook with orders to broil them for dinner at
once, ran through the house, and (her house servants not being
at home) received the guests, who did not know her in her role
of servant, showed them to their rooms, and hastening to her
own, dressed and descended to the parlor to welcome them as
Madam Derby ; and they did not recognize the servant who had
ushered them to their apartments in the lady of the mansion
who received them in state.

When the money for the endowment of Derby Academy was
brought from Salem to Hingham by Nathan Lincoln and his wife
(he was a nephew of Dr. Ezekiel Hersey), it was concealed in
a bucket which stood on the floor of a chaise, between Mr.
and Mrs. Lincoln. Madam Derby caused stones in the cellar
wall of her house to be removed, and the money, enclosed
in woollen bags, was built into the wall, for concealment and
safety.

When this old mansion was burned, in the early part of this
century, there had been living in it people whose habits of life
were far from being such as invited the approval of the neighbors.
And certain old women who were gathered together watching its
destruction, averred that they saw fiends and witches ascending
in the smoke and dancing in the flames.

The nineteenth century would appear to be a little subsequent
to the era of unseemly performances on the part of individuals

Ancient Landmarks. 199

of that ilk ; but the old ladies who witnessed their antics at the
fire aforementioned were wives of respectable citizens of the
West End, and their statements are not to be lightly called in
question by the incredulous.

You have now been with me among- the landmarks of these
old towns, from the grim ledges off the eastern shore, where the
surf beats itself incessantly to foam and spray on Cohasset rocks,
to the singular rolling gravel mounds at the west end of Hing-
hum, where the glacier of the last ice-period has left such in-
disputable proofs of its former presence, — from the pretty
landlocked harbor at the north, the ancient " Bare Cove," to the
secluded woodlands which cover the greater part of the southern
portion of these townships ; and where the ponds, those scarcely
ruffled sheets of blue water, lie among green meadows and for-
ests like sapphires among emeralds, — through old streets and
lanes full of points of interest to the antiquarian, and over beau-
tiful hills, whose graceful contour forms the background of every
landscape.

We maritime New Englanders breathe a double inspiration
from our surroundings, for, dwelling by the ocean, upon which
our people have proved themselves worthy descendants of the
Northmen, we are at the same time practically mountaineers.
Our rockv hills are the foot-hills of the mountain ranges a few
miles west and north of us, which on the coast of Maine actually
invade the realm of the sea. Even upon Boston Bay, look at
those Blue Hills of Milton, whose tops are sometimes above the
clouds. A short distance inland, and Wachusett and Monadnock
show their heads, while Mount Washington itself is visible from
the sea-coast.

In the atmosphere of such surroundings, what wonder is it
that upon rolls containing the Hingham and Cohasset names of
Lincoln, dishing, Hobart, Tower, Gay, Thaxter, Shute, Sprague,
Pratt, Hersey, Stoddard, Fearing, and others, should be found
many which have adorned the professions of the ministry, law,
and medicine ; which have become eminent as those of poets,
literati, artists ; of men who have achieved the fortune and prac-
tised the liberality of merchant princes ; who in the battle line
by land and sea have, from sailors at their guns and soldiers in
the ranks to great generals, shed lustre upon the Colony and the
Republic ; who have, as deputies, or congressmen, or governors,
or ambassadors, reaped honorable laurels in this and in foreign
lands ; or lastly, in the presidential chair itself, won a simple,
homely, but illustrious fame which will through all our future
history go hand in hand with that of Washington !

Even as the Ancient Landmarks of Hingham and Cohasset
tell a story of the existence and physical progress of the race
and community of which those families were the type, so have

200 History of Hingham.

the lives and deeds of the leading spirits of those families served
as landmarks in the annals of the Great Republic ; which is
herself the brightest landmark in the present, as we devoutly
hope she will be for the ages of the future, in the history of
mankind.

EARLY SETTLERS.

BY JOHN D. LONG.

Hingham is one of the oldest towns in Massachusetts. There
were settlers here as early as 1633. Its first name was Bearcove
or Barecove, more likely the latter, in view of the exposure of al-
most its entire harbor at low tide, and as appears also in the
spelling of the name in the order of the General Court referred to
below. * So far as it had any legislative incorporation, it was in-
corporated, and this has been the usual statement of writers, Sept.
2, 1635, only eleven towns having in that respect an earlier date.
Perhaps, however, the term incorporation is not appropriate in
this connection, the brief order which the General Court, consist-
ing of the Governor, assistants, and deputies, adopted and entered
on that day being as follows, — a form used before, and afterwards,
in the case of several other towns: — "The name of Barecove is
changed and hereafter to be called Hingham."

Who was the first settler, or at what exact date he came, it is
impossible to say. Mr. Solomon Lincoln, the historian of the town
in 1827, gives the following interesting facts : —

•• The exact date at which any individual came here to reside cannot
be ascertained. Among the papers of Mr. Oustiing, there is a ' list of the
names of such persons as came out of the town of Hingham, and towns ad-
jacent, in the County of Norfolk, in the Kingdom of England, into New
England, and settled in Hingham.' From this list we are led to believe
there were inhabitants here as early as 1633, and among them Ralph
Smith, Nicholas Jacob with his family, Thomas Lincoln, weaver, Edmund
Hobart and his wife, from Hingham, and Thomas Hobart with his family,
from Windham, in Norfolk, England. During the same year Theophilus
•Gushing, Edmund Hobart, senior, Joshua Hobart, and Henry Gibbs, all of
Hingham, England, came to this country. Cushing lived some years at
Mr. Haines's farm, and subsequently removed to Hingham. The others
settled at Charlestown, and in 1635 removed to this place. In 1634 there
were other settlers here, and among them Thomas Chubbuck ; Bare Cove
was assessed in that year. Tn 1635, at the May court, Joseph Andrews

202 History of Hingham.

was sworn as constable of the place. There was a considerable increase of
the number of settlers, and in that year grants of land were made to up-
wards of fifty individuals, of which a record is preserved. It was in June
of that year that Rev. Peter Hobart arrived at Charlestown, and soon after
settled in this place.

" I here subjoin the names of those who settled or received grants of
land here, in the respective years mentioned. Possibly there may be some
names omitted, which have escaped my observation, and those of others in-
serted to whom lands were granted, but who never settled here. The list
is as perfect, however, as long, careful, and patient examination of public
and private records can make it.

"In 1635, in addition to those before-mentioned (namely: Joseph An-
drews, Thomas Chubbuck, Henry Gibbs, Edmund Hobart, Sen., Edmund
Hobart, Jr., Joshua Hobart, Rev. Peter Hobart, Thomas Hobart, Nicholas
Jacob, Thomas Lincoln, weaver, Ralph Smith), were Jonas Austin, Nicholas
Baker, Clement Bates, Richard Betscome, Benjamin Bozworth, William
Buckland, James Cade, Anthony Cooper, John Cutler, John Farrow, Daniel
Fop, Jarvice Gould, Wm. Hersey, Nicholas Hodsdin, Thos. Johnson, An-
drew Lane, Wm. Large, Thomas Loring, George Ludkin, Jeremy Morse,
William Nolton, John Otis, David Phippeny, John Palmer, John Porter,
Henry Rust, John Smart, Francis Smith (or Smyth), John Strong, Henry
Tuttil, William Walton, Thomas Andrews, William Arnall, George Bacon,
Nathaniel Baker, Thomas Collier, George Lane, George Marsh, Abraham
Martin, Nathaniel Peck, Richard Osborn, Thomas Wakely, Thomas Gill,
Richard Ibrook, William Cockerum, William Cockerill, John Fearing,
John Tucker.

"In 1636, John Beal, senior, Anthony Eames, Thomas Hammond,
Joseph Hull, Richard Jones, Nicholas Lobdin, Richard Langer, John
Leavitt, Thomas Lincoln, Jr., miller, Thomas Lincoln, cooper, Adam Mott,
Thomas Minard, John Parker, George Russell, William Sprague, George
Strange, Thomas Underwood, Samuel Ward, Ralph Woodward, John
Winchester, William Walker.

"In 1637, Thomas Barnes, Josiah Cobbit, Thomas ChafFe, Thomas
Clapp, William Carlslye (or Carsly), Thomas Dimock, Vinton Dreuce,
Thomas Hett, Thomas Joshlin, Aaron Ludkin, John Morrick, Thomas
Nichols, Thomas Paynter, Edmund Pitts, Joseph Phippeny, Thomas Shave,
Ralph Smith, Thomas Turner, John Tower, Joseph Underwood, William
Ludkin, Jonathan Bozworth.

" In 1638 there was a considerable increase of the number of settlers.
Among them were, Mr. Robert Peck, Joseph Peck, Edward Gilman, John
Foulsham, Henry Chamberlain, Stephen Gates, George Knights, Thomas
Cooper, Matthew dishing, John Beal, Jr., Francis James, Philip James,
James Buck, Stephen Payne, William Pitts, Edward Michell, John Sutton,
Stephen Lincoln, Samuel Parker, Thomas Lincoln, Jeremiah Moore, Mr.
Henry Smith, Bozoan Allen, Matthew Hawke, William Ripley.

" AH of those preceding, who came to this country in 1 638, took
passage in the ship ' Diligent,' of Ipswich, John Martin, master. In ad-
dition to these, the following named persons received grants of land in
the year 1638, viz.: John Buck, John Benson, Thomas Jones, Thomas
Lawrence, John Stephens, John Stodder, Widow Martha Wilder, Thomas
Thaxter.

"In 1639 Anthony Hilliard and John Prince received grants of land.
The name of Hewett (Huet) and Liford, are mentioned in Hobart' s Diary,.

Early Settlers. 203

in that year, and in the Diary the following names are first found
in the respective years mentioned; in 1646, Burr, in 1647, James
Whiton ; in 1649, John Lazell, Samuel S to well ; in 1653, Garnett and
Canterbury.

"The number of persons who came over in the ship ' Diligent,' of Ips-
wich, in the year 1638, and settled in Hingham, was one hundred and thirty-
three. All that came before were forty-two, making in all one hundred
and seventy-five. The whole number that came out of Norfolk (chiefly
from Hingham, and its vicinity) from 1633 to 1639, and settled in this
Hingham, was two hundred and six. This statement, on the authority of
the third town clerk of Hingham, must be reconciled with the fact that
there was a much larger number of settlers herein 1639 than would appear
from his estimate. They undoubtedly came in from other places, and I am
inclined to believe that there may be some omissions in Mr. Cushing's list.
It may be remarked here, that many of the names mentioned in the previous
pages are now scattered in various parts of the country. Many of the first
settlers removed to other places during the militia difficulties which occurred
within a few years after the settlement of the town ; and a considerable
number had previously obtained lands at Rehoboth.

•' The earliest record to be found of the proceedings of the town in rela-
tion to the disposition of the lands is in 1635. In June of that year grants
were made to a considerable number of individuals, and on the 18th of
September, as has been before stated, thirty of the inhabitants drew for
house-lots, and received grants of other lands for the purposes of pasture,
tillage, etc.

"It was in July, 1635, that a plantation was erected here; and on the
2d of September following that, the town was incorporated by the name of
Hingham, from which it appears that there are but eleven towns in this
State, and but one in the county of Plymouth, older than Hingham. lean-
not ascertain satisfactorily when the first meeting for civil purposes was
held. It is stated by Mr. Flint in his century discourses, to have been on
the 18th of September, 1635. There is as much evidence in our town re-
cords, and in those of Cushing's MSS. which I have examined, that the first
town-meeting was held in June of that year, as in September. The state-
ments in the same discourses, that the inhabitants of Hingham arrived in
1635, and that they obtained deeds of land from the natives to form the
town previously to holding the first town-meeting, are unquestionably erro-
neous, being at variance with our town records, Cushing's MSS., and the
Indian deed itself.

"The house-lots drawn on the 18th of September, 1635, were situated
on the ' Town street,' the same which is now called North Street. During
that year the settlement was extended to ' Broad Cove Street,' recently
named Lincoln Street. In the year following, house-lots were granted in
the street now called South Street, and in the northerly part of ' Bachelor
Street,' now Main Street.

" Some idea of the relative wealth of several towns in 1 635 may be
estimated from the following apportionment of the public rate for that
year. Newton and Dorchester were assessed each £26 5 ; Boston, £25 10 ;
Salem, £16; Hingham, £6; Weymouth, £4, etc. In 1637 the number
of men furnished by this town to make up the number of one hundred and
sixty to prosecute the war against the Pequods, were six ; Boston furnished
twenty-six ; Salem, eighteen ; Weymouth, five ; Medford, three ; Marble-
head, three. The assessment upon this town at the General Court in An-

204 History of Hingham.

&

gust following, was £8 10 ; the least, except that of Weymouth, which was
£G 16. Property and population appear to have been unequally distributed
and often fluctuating. In 1637 we find the first record of the choice of a
town clerk. Joseph Andrews was chosen, and in 1638 the first record of
the choice of assessors."

The following is a literal copy of the deed of the township of
Hingham, given by the Indians in 1665 : —

"Whereas divers Englishmen did formerly come (into the Massachusets
now called by the Englishmen New England) to inhabit in the dayes of
Chickatabut our father who was the Cheife Sachem of the sayd Massachusets
on the Southward side of Charles River, and by the free Consent of our
sayd father did set dowue upon his land and in the yeare of our Lord God
one thousand six hundred thirty and four divers Englishmen did set downe
and inhabit upon part of the land that was formerly our sayd fathers land,
which land the Englishmen call by the name of Hingham, which sayd Eng-
lishmen they and their heires and assosiats have ever since had quiet and
peaceable possession of their Towneshippe of Hingham by our likeing and
Consent which we desire they may still quietly possess and injoy and be-
cause ther have not yet bin any legall conveyance in writing passed from
us to them conserning their land which may in future time occasion differ-
ence between them and us all which to prevent — Know all men b}' these
presents that we Wompatuck called by the English Josiah uowChiefe Sachem
of the Massachusets aforesayd and sonue and heire to the aforesayd Chick-
atabut ; and Squmuck all called by the English Daniel sonne of the afore-
sayd Chickatabut and Ahahden — Indians : for a valueable consideration
to us in hand payd by Captaine Joshua Hubberd and Ensigne John Thax-
ter. of Hingham aforesayd wherewith wee doe acknowledge our selves fully
satisfyed contented and payd and thereof and of every part and percell
thereof doe exonerate acquitt and discharge the sayd Joshua Hubberd and
John Thaxter their heires executors aud Administrators and every of them
forever by these presents ■ have given granted bargained sold enfeoffed and
confirmed and by these presents doe give grant bargaine sell Enfeoffe and
confirme unto the sayd Joshua Hubberd and John Thaxter on the behalfe
and to the use of the inhabitants of the Towne of Hingham aforesayd that
is to say all such as are the present owners and proprietors of the present
house lotts as they have bin from time to time granted and layd out by the
Towne ; All That Tract of land which is the Towneshij>pe of Hingham
aforesayd as it is now bounded with the sea northward and with the River
called by the Englishmen weymoth River westward which River flow from
the sea ; and the line that devide betwene the sayd Hingham and Wey-
moth as it is now layd out and marked until it come to the line that devide
betwene the colony of the Massachusetts and the colony of New Plimoth
and from thence to the midle of accord pond and from the midle of accord
pond to bound Brooke to the flowing of the salt water and so along by the
same River that devide betwene Scittiate and the said Hingham untill it
come to the sea northward ; And also threescore acres of salt marsh on the
other side of the River that is to say on Scittiate side according as it was
agreed upon by the commissioners of the Massachusets colony and the com-
missioners of Plimoth colony Together with all the Harbours Rivers
Creekes Coves Islands fresh water Brookes and ponds and all marshes unto

Early Settlers. 205

the sayd Towneshippe of Hingham belonging or any wayes app'taineing
with all and singular thapp'tenences unto the p'misses or any part of them.
belonging or any wayes app'taineing : And all our right title and interest
of and into the sayd p'misses with their app'tenences and every part and
p'cell thereof to have and to hold All the aforesayd Tract of land which is
the Towneshippe of Hingham aforesayd and is bounded as aforesayd with
all the Harbours Rivers Creekes Coves Islands fresh water brookes and
ponds and all marshes ther unto belonging with the threescore acres of salt
marsh on the other side of the River (viz.) on Scittiate side with all and sin-
gular thapp'tenences to the sayd p'misses or any of them belonging unto
the sayd Joshua Hubberd and John Thaxter on the behalfe and to the use
of the sayd inhabitants who are the present owners and proprietors of the
present house lotts in hiugham their heires and assignes from the before-
named time in the yeare of our Lord God one thousand six hundred thirty
and four for ever And unto the only proper use and behoofe of the (the)
sayd Joshua hubberd and John Thaxter and the inhabitants of the Towne
of hingham who are the present owners and proprietors of the present house
lotts in the Towne of Hingham their heires and assignes for ever. And the
said Wompatuck Squmuck and Ahahden doe hereby covenant promise and
grant to and with the ^ayd Joshua hubberd and John Thaxter on the behalfe
of the inhabitants of hingham as aforesayd that they the sayd Wompatuck
Squmuck and Ahahdun — are the true and proper owners of the sayd bar-
gained p'misses with their app'tenances at the time of the bargaine and sale
thereof and that the said bargained p'misses are free and cleare and freely
and clearely exonerated acquitted and discharged of and from all aud all
maner of former bargaines sales guifts grants titles mortgages suits attach-
ments actions Judgements extents executions dowers title of dowers and all
other incumberances whatsoever from the begining of the world untill the
time of the bargaine and sale thereof and that the sayd Joshua hubberd and
John Thaxter with the rest of the sayd inhabitants who are the present
owners and proprietors of the present house lotts in hingham they their
heires and Assignes the p'misses and every part and parcel 1 thereof shall
quietly have hold use occupy possese and injoy without the let suit trouble
deniall or molestation of them the sayd Wompatuck : Squmuck and Ahad-
dun their heires and assignes : and Lastly the sayd Wompatuck : Squmuck
and Ahadun for themselves their heires executors administrators and as-
signes doe hereby covenant promise and grant the p'misses above demised
with all the libertys previledges and app'tenences thereto or in any wise be-
longing or appertaineing unto the sayd Joshua Hubberd John Thaxter
and the rest of the sayd inhabitants of Hingham who are the present own-
ers and proprietors of the present house lotts their heires and assignes to
warrant acquitt and defend forever against all and all maner of right title
and Interrest claime or demand of all and every person or persons whatso-
ever. And that it shall and may be lawfull to and for the sayd Joshua
Hubberd and John Thaxter their heires and assignes to record and enroll
or cause to be recorded and enrolled the title and tenour of these p'sents
according to the usuall order and maner of recording aud enrolling deeds
aud evedences in such case made and p'vided in witnes whereof we the
aforesayd Wompatuck called by the English Josiah sachem : and Squmuck
called by the English Daniell and Ahahdun Indians : have heere unto set
our hands and seales the fourth day of July in the yeare of our Lord God
one thousand six hundred sixty and five and in the seaventeenth yeare of
the raigne of our soveraigne Lord Charles the second by the grace of God

206 History of H Ingham.

of Great Brittanie France and Ireland King defender of the faith &c.
1G65.

Signed sealled and delivered
In the presence of us :

Job Noeshteans Indian

the marke of W william Man

ananianut Indian
the marke of 8 Robert Mamun-

tahgin Indian
John Hues
Mattias Q Briggs
the marke of |" Jon Judkins

the marke JO of (l. s.) Wompa-

tuck called by the English Josiak

cheif sachem,
the marke J of Squmuck (t,. s.)

called by the English Daniell

sonne of Chickatabut.
the marke fTTl 0I Ahahden (l. s.)

Josiali Wompatuck Squmuck Ahahden Indians apeared p'soually the
19th of may 1668 and acknowledged this instrum't of writing to be theyr
act and deed freely and voluntary without compulsion, acknowledged
before

Jno. Leverett, Ast.

It needs but a glance at the names of the early settlers of Hing-
ham, as given above by Mr. Lincoln, to recognize the founders of
some of the most respectable and influential families of Massa-
chusetts. Few names are more distinguished in the annals of the
Commonwealth or nation than that of dishing. There is reason
to believe that Abraham Lincoln was one of the manv descendants
from Hingham stock who have made it illustrious in American
history. Nearly all of the names in the foregoing lists are still
familiar in this generation. These first settlers were men of
character and force, of good English blood, whose enterprise and
vigor were evident in the very spirit of adventure and push which
prompted their outset from the fatherland and their settlement in
the new country. They were of the Puritan order which followed
Winthrop rather than of the Pilgrim element that settled at Ply-
mouth a few vears earlier. The distinction between the two is now
well understood. The Pilgrims were Brownists or Separatists,
later called Independents, opposed to the national church, insist-
ing on separation from it, and reducing the religious system to
the simplest form of independent church societies.

Indeed it was natural that the spirit that led to reform and
greater simplicity in church methods and organization, which was
the aim of the Puritans, should go still further and demand entire
separation and independence, which was Separatism, and of which
the most illustrious type is found in the Pilgrims who sailed in
the " Mayflower," and settled in Plymouth in 1620. It is to be
noticed that those who thus went to the extreme of ecclesiastical
independence were consistent in granting the same liberty to others
which they claimed for themselves ; and it is true that the Pil-
grims were more tolerant than the Puritans. Lying on the
border-line between the jurisdictions of Plymouth and the Massa-
chusetts Bay, the first settlers of Hingham are not to be too closely
identified with either. They were within the outer limits of the

Early Settlers. 207

Puritan colony, but from an early day they manifested a good deal
■of independence of the Boston magnates ; and Peter Hobart's de-
fiant attitude towards Governor Winthrop is one of the picturesque
features of that early time. There is sometimes, undoubtedly, an
inclination to exaggerate the religious element in the early settle-
ments of New England. It was a mixed purpose that animated
our forefathers. There was in them the genius of adventure and
enterprise which in later days has peopled our own West with
their descendants ; there was the search for fortune in new coun-
tries over the sea ; there was the spirit of trade and mercantile in-
vestment ; there was the hope of new homes, and the ardor of new
scenes, all clustering around what was unquestionably the central
impulse to find a larger religious freedom than the restrictions,
legal or traditional, of the old country afforded. This is evident
from the fact that while the population of Massachusetts grew
rapidly by accessions from England till the execution of Charles
the First, yet, as soon as that event happened, the republic of
Cromwell and the supremacy of Puritanism during his Protec-
torate were accompanied by a practical suspension of immigration
to Xew England. For the next two hundred years it had little
other growth than that which sprung from its own loins.

In these first settlements the ministers were the leaders. Their
influence was supreme. They gave tone to the time, and color to
history ; and the communities which they largely moulded seem,
as we look back upon them, to be toned by the ecclesiastical atmos-
phere which the clergy gave to them. But with all this there was
still all the time an immense deal of human nature. The picture
of the early time, if it could be reproduced, would present a body of
men and women engaged in the ordinary activities of life, culti-
vating the farms, ploughing the seas, trading with foreign lands
and among themselves, engaged in near and remote fisheries,
maintaining the school, the train-band, and the church, holding
their town-meetings, — a people not without humor, not altogether
innocent of a modicum of quarrel and greed and heart-burning, yet
warm with the kind and neighborly spirit of a common and inter-
dependent fellowship. The Massachusetts settlers indulged in no
mere dream of founding a Utopia or a Saints' Rest. They were
neither visionary philosophers nor religious fanatics. Their early
records deal with every-day details of farm and lot, of domestic
affairs, of straying cattle and swine, of runaway apprentices and
scolding wives, of barter with the Indians, of whippings and stocks
and fines for all sorts of naughtinesses, of boundaries and suits, of
debt and legal process and probate, of elections and petty offices
civil and military, and now and then the alarum of war and the
inevitable assessment of taxes. They smack very much more of
the concerns, and the common concerns, of this world than of
concern for the next. They are the memoranda of a hard, prac-
tical life ; and if the name of Hingham now and then appears in
them during the first half-dozen years of its existence, it is in

208 History of Hingham.

connection with a fine for bad roads, or leave to make hay in
Conihasset meadows, or permission to use its meeting-house for a
watch-house, or the appointment of a committee to settle its
difficulties with Nantasket, or something of equally homely import.
There is in these records no cant nor sniffling, none of that pre-
tentious sanctimoniousness which is so flippantly charged upon
the Puritans. There is less reference to theology than to wavs
and means ; and the practical question, for instance, of restraining
the liquor-traffic and evil, seems to have taxed the ingenuity and
attention of their law-makers and magistrates very much as it
does in the case of their descendants. There is no waste of words
in the grim sentences, but a plain, wholesome dealing with the
material needs of the colony. One cannot read them and not feel
the sense of justice and righteousness that inspired the leaders of
the settlement, and that sought, rigorously indeed but honestly,
to institute and maintain a commonwealth which should be ani-
mated by virtue, thrift, education, the sanctity and sweetness of
home, fear of God, and fair dealing among men. They were de-
veloping that sturdy, educating, self-reliant New England town
life which till forty or fifty years ago was so unique, but which
since then has gradually been disintegrated and changed by the
tremendous influence of the transportations of the railroad, the
wide scattering of the New England seed, the influx of foreign
elements, the rapid growth of large cities, the drain on rural
sources, and the general change from diffusion to consolidation,
and from the simplest and most meagre to the most profuse and
complex material resources.

MILITARY HISTORY.

BY WALTER L. BOUVE.

The story of the settlement of Hingham and of the struggles,
employments, and daily life of her lirst inhabitants, is one differ-
ing but little from that of many other of the older sea-coast towns
of Xew England. Alike in their origin, their religion, and their
opinions, similar in their pursuits and experiences, menaced by a
common danger, and, with the exception of the Plymouth Colony
communities, influenced by the same hopes and purposes and
governed by the same laws, it was natural that in their growth
and development the little hamlets forming a frequently broken
thread from the Merrimac to Buzzard's Bay, should, fur a con-
siderable period, bear a strong resemblance to one another. Yet
each, from the first, possessed those peculiar characteristics which
differences of wealth, the impress of particular families, and the
influence of vigorous leaders inevitably create. This individualism
was enhanced by the effects of time, of situation, and of interest,
and in each grew up the legends, traditions, and local history
peculiar to itself.

If those of our own town are devoid of the dramatic and tragic
incidents which light up the chronicles of Salem, of Deerfield, of
Hadley, and of Merry Mount ; if no Myles Standish with his mar-
tial figure, no Eliot with the gentle saintly spirit, and no Endicott
with fiery speech and commanding will, grace our story, and if no
battle-banner like that of a Lexington, a Concord, or a Bunker
Hill, wreathes about us the halo of a patriotic struggle, there is
nevertheless within the pages of our modest records not a little to
awaken the absorbing interest which the tales of the grandfather
always bear to those of the younger generations. And the local
colorings, if not of unusual brilliancy, still glow for us with all the
warmth of the home-hearth, and to the quaint pictures of the
olden time the mellowing of change and of years only adds a
hallowing light. The chapters, of which this is one, treating of
the forefathers and their descendants, from the religious, indus-
trial, social, educational, and public relations in which we find
them, are mainly for ourselves and our children, for our and
their use and pleasure, prepared with little ambition other than to
preserve and transmit a fairly accurate account of the birth and
growth of our native town, — one which even to this day is typical

VOL. I. — 14

210 History of Hingham.

of those modern democracies which form the distinguishing char-
acteristic of New England. We cannot however isolate ours from
the other settlements which already, two hundred and fifty years
ago, formed, like it, parts of a complete commonwealth, with
established customs, diverse interests, and self-reliant spirit.

It is interesting to observe these sturdy and half independent
plantations, bound together as they were by the common laws and
necessities, re-enacting, each within its own limits, much of the
complex life of the province at large. They were truly miniature
commonwealths, and the claims of the State and the claims of the
Church received as well the consideration of the people of the
village as of the deputies at the capital; and the various commer-
cial, religious, and social interests made themselves felt alike in
the town meetings and in the legislative and council chambers.

In each town, too, was the military organization and establish-
ment, demanding and receiving from nearly every citizen active
participation in its exacting and stern requirements. Like the
civil authority it was, it is true, regulated and controlled largely
by the central government, but it nevertheless possessed, from
very necessity, much local independence.

To the story of its part in the life of Hingham this article is
devoted. And here it may not be inopportune to consider briefly
a phase in the history and policy of the colony, and indeed of the
other colonies as well, which has perhaps not at all times been
accorded its full value, and which is well illustrated in the record
and experience of our own town. From their situation and sur-
roundings the North American colonies were necessarily little
less than military provinces, whose armed forces were their own
citizens. Of them Massachusetts was the most prominent, and
her usual condition was that of an armed peace, with many of
the incidents of martial law, not infrequently broken by open hos-
tilities with her Indian and French neighbors. For more than
one hundred years succeeding the organization of the government,
a large portion of the legislative enactments pertained to the arm-
ing and disciplining of the inhabitants, to the erection of forts,
the purchase of military stores, and to other measures of defence
and offence ; and no inconsiderable part of her expenditure was
for the raising and equipping of troops, and for expeditions against
the Indians and against Canada. The laws on these subjects were
frequent, minute in their details, and often severe in their require-
ments ; and they affected not only the individual citizen, but
reached the towns in their corporate capacity and prescribed their
duties as well.

These enactments, with frequent experience in actual service,
produced not only a hardy, disciplined, trained citizen soldiery
ready for the emergency of the hour, but, continued as they were
through the legislation of a century, they created the military tra-
dition, knowledge, and discipline which were of such inestimable

Military History. 211

value in the opening days of the Revolution ; and into that
struggle sprang, nut alone the embattled farmer, but with a value
far greater to the cause, the alert minute-man who had been at the
taking of Louisburg, the trained-baud men who, like their able
officers, had threaded the forests around Fort William Henry and
Frontenac, and the sturdy regiments whose leaders had climbed
the heights of Quebec with Wolfe, and seen the fall of Montcalm.
It is well for us not to forget that the troops of Great Britain
were met in 17TG, not by undisciplined levies, but by an Ameri-
can army, whose great commander was a soldier of many years'
invaluable experience in that best of military schools, service in
the field ; that the hard lessons learned by the young colonel
of twenty-one at Fort Necessity and Brad dock's defeat made
possible the general of A^alley Forge, Trenton, and Yorktown ;
that Putnam, with his English commission, attacking the Span-
iards in 1762 was preparing for the sturdy old Continental com-
mander of 1776 ; that Stark, the intrepid leader at Bennington,
was but the Stark of 1756, grown a little older and more experi-
enced; or that old Seth Pomeroy, fighting in the ranks, and old
Richard Gridley, pushing on with his artillery at Bunker Hill, had
both heard the roar of French guns in the campaigns which made
them veterans. These, with scores and hundreds of others, both
officers and privates, now enlisted in the ranks of liberty, gave to
a large force the true character and discipline of an army.

One of the earlier of the settlements, situated upon the very
border of the Colony and adjoining the frontier of that of Ply-
mouth, Hingham was peculiarly liable to suffer from the differ-
ences which might at any time arise between the governments of
either province and their Indian neighbors. A realization of this
danger, and consequent thorough preparation, probably accounts
for the remarkable immunity from attack and depredation which
was so long the good fortune of the town, notwithstanding the
fact that the Indian trail to Plymouth led directly through its
southern part along the shores of Accord Pond.

The Indians of Hingham formed a part of that great division
among the red men known as the Algonquins. This mighty race
comprised many powerful tribes, and occupied nearly the whole
territory of the northeastern United States. The strength of
the New England, and especially the Massachusetts nations had
been greatly reduced by a great pestilence shortly before the set-
tlement of Plymouth. For this the good King James was duly
thankful, and he gratefully says in his charter —

" that he had been given certainly to knowe that within these late years
there hath by God's visitation reigned a wonderful plague together with
many horrible slaughters and murthers committed amongst the savages and
brutish people there heretofore inhabiting in a manner to the utter de-
struction devastation and depopulation of that whole territorye so that
there is not left for many leagues together in a manner any that doe
claim or challenge anv kind of interests therein."

212 History of Hingham.

These disasters were probably in 1617 or thereabouts. Only a
little earlier, in 1614, Smith says : " The sea-coast as you pass
shows you all along large corn-fields and great troupes of well
proportioned people." Others computed the number of warriors
at from eight thousand to twenty-five thousand. They were
divided into a number of nations, and these again into tribes. Of
the former, some of the principal were the Wampanoags, ruled over
by Massasoit, a life-long friend of the English, and whose domin-
ion lay between Cape Cod and Narragansett Bay ; the Narragan-
setts, who lived in Rhode Island upon the western coast of the bay
of that name, and whose chiefs were Canonicus and Miantonomo ;
the Pequods, under Sassacus, whose territory lay between the Mys-
tic and the Thames, then the Pequod River, in Connecticut ; and
the Massachusetts, under Chickatabut, who occupied the territory
to the south of Boston and extending as far as Duxbury. In 1633
Chickatabut was succeeded by Josiah Wompatuck. In addition to
the above there were the Pawtuckets north of the Charles River,
and the Chur-Churs and Tarantines in Maine. All played a part
more or less important in the history of the New England settle-
ments. Hingham, it will have been noted, lay within the land
ruled, until just about the time the first settlements were made
here, by Chickatabut ; and it was his son and successor, Wompa-
tuck, together with Squmuck and Ahahden, who joined in 1668
in conveying to the English the territory now comprised in the
towns of Hingham and Cohasset. For many years the intercourse
between our forefathers and their red neighbors seems to have
been peaceable and agreeable.

The earliest known settlement of Hingham was made sometime
in the year 1633, and the first houses were probably located upon
what is now North Street, and near the bay which the erection of
tide gates has converted into the Mill Pond. This little arm of
the sea although fordable at low tide was still of sufficient depth to
float craft of a size considered respectable in those days ; and many
a fishing smack has ridden out in safety the gales of winter
under the lee of the protecting hills which surrounded it, and
upon whose sunny southern slopes were perhaps the first cleared
lands in the town.

Up it, too, sailed one day in the summer or early autumn of
1635, the Rev. Peter Hobart and his company ; they landed, as
we are told, on the northerly shore about opposite to where Ship
and North streets intersect, and here in the open air, the first
public religious services were held. Not far from this spot, and
but a few rods in front of where Derby Academy now stands, and
upon a part of the hill long since removed, was erected the first
meeting-house. This was a plain square building, low and small
as compared with modern churches, but constructed of hewn logs
and undoubtedly very substantial. It was surmounted by a
belfry containing a bell, and around was a palisade for defence
against the Indians.

Military History. 213

Here then our Military History commences, and the church
erected for the worship of Almighty God was in truth a fortress
of the Lord against the heathen enemies of the bodv, as well as
against the beguilers of the soul. Nor was the worthy pastor
apparently less lilted to command in a temporal than to lead in
a spiritual capacity. Of its actual use as a defensive post we have
n> lack of evidence. In June, IGo'J, according to the "Records
of the Governor and Company of Massachusetts Bay in New Eng-
land"' (from which the authority for much here given is derived),
k- Himrham had liberty to use their meeting house for a watch
house ; " and again, December 1640, " Hingham Meeting house for
the present is allowed tor their watch house." Already, in 1636,
the delegates in General Court had ordered " that the military
men in Hingham [with other towns] be formed into a regiment
of which John Winthrop, Sen. Esq., be Colonel, and Thomas
Dudley, Lieut.-Colonel." This indicates the existence here at a
very early period of at least a part of a company, and our ances-
tors certaiulv had eminent commanders in two such remarkable
men as Governor Winthrop and Governor Dudley. Among the
interesting orders from the central authority about this time was
one providing that captains be maintained from the treasury, and
not from their companies ; it was evidently passed for the purpose
of giving greater independence to the officers, and was manifestly
in the interest of the strict discipline towards which all legislation
constantly tended. It was also enacted that musket-balls of full
bore should pass current for a farthing apiece ; which, although
pertaining to the finances and currency rather than to the mili-
tary, is a fact of sufficient interest to justify its mention in this
connection. In 1*335 it was ordered that no dwelling-house be
built above half a mile from the meeting-house, and in this order
Hingham had the honor of being specially included by name ; in-
dicating perhaps that she had already shown a tendency to exceed
that limit and to stretch herself out along the main street, towards
the neighboring colony with which her people had later so much
in common.

Aers passed in 1634, 1635, and 1636 required towns to provide
at their own charge a place in which to keep such powder and
ammunition as the military authorities should order them to take
from Boston, and fixed a penalty for neglect ; commanded all
persons to go armed with muskets, powder, and ball, to all public
assemblies, and forbade any one going unarmed at any time above
a mile from his dwelling-house ; and specifically directed " that
the military officers in every town shall provide that the watches
be duly kept in places most fit for common safety, and also a
ward on the Lord's day, the same to begin before the end of the
first month and to be continued until the cud of September, and
that everv person above the age of eighteen years (except magis-
trates and elders of the churches) shall be compellable to this

214 History of Hingham,.

- service either in person or by some substitute to be allowed by
him that hath the charge of the watch or warde for that time, with
punishment for disobedience." The settlement of 1633, then
called Bare Cove, was in July, 1635, erected into a plantation,
which carried the right of sending deputies to the General Court ;
and in September of the latter year the name was changed to
Hingham.

House lots were granted to some fifty individuals in June and
September, and other lands fur the purposes of pasturage and
tillage. The former were situated mainly upon Town, now North
Street, but during the year the settlement was extended to Broad
Cove Lane, now Lincoln Street, and in 1636 the grants were upon
what is now South Street and upon Batchelor's How, now the
northerly part of Main street. And these early beginnings of our
modern streets comprised the whole of the little town, with its two
hundred odd inhabitants, when in 1637 it first became a duty to
furnish a quota of her sons for the public defence.

It was the second year of the Pequod War, and Massachusetts —
which had already been acting with Connecticut -- was to raise
an additional force of one hundred and twenty men, to be placed
under the command of Capt. Israel Stoughton ; this number was
subsequently increased to one hundred and seventy. Of these,
six were men from our town. We unfortunately know the names
of none of them, but we can follow in imagination the toilsome
march of the little army of which our forefathers formed a small
part, as it slowly and painfully made its way through the virgin
thickets, almost impenetrable with the stiff', unbending, knarled
scrub oak, the matted masses of luxuriant-growing and lacerating
horse-brier, beautiful in its polished green, and the almost tropi-
cally developed poison-sumac, seductive in its graceful form and
rich coloring ; through i.he great forests, dark with the uncut
forms of the towering pines ; and through the swamps of the coun-
try around Narragansctt Bay, with the rich, black soil of the bot-
toms, and the majestic white cedars rising, like great sentries of
the red man, far into the air ; and thence up towards the Mystic,
spreading widely over the country between. We need not re-
hearse the details too minutely here ; we know the story, — the
Indians defeated, their tribe destroved, and a dav of thanksgiving
appointed ; this time October 12, when it was also ordered that
the various towns should " feast" their soldiers, — an injunction
doubtless faithfully obeyed, here at least.

From the time of the Pequod War, apprehensions of renewed
trouble with the natives, and the necessary precautions against it,
continually grew throughout the colony. Among the enactments
was one passed March 13, 1638, directing " that Hingham have a
barrel of powder, to be paid for by the town," and from 1640 to
1644 frequent orders regulated the time for training the train-
bands, and prescribed punishments for neglect. In the former of

Military History. 215

these years, an interesting town record informs us that the follow-
ing vote was passed, " That from the date hereof thenceforth there
shall be no ti'ee or trees cut or felled upon the highway upon the
pain of twenty shillings to be levied for the use of the town
because all good trees are to be preserved for the shading of
cattle in the summer time and for the exercising of the military."'
The desirability of preserving the trees " for the exercising of the
military " arose from the benefit to be derived from training the
latter in the practical methods of Indian warfare, wherein every
savage placed the protecting trunk of a tree between himself and
the enemy ; a situation giving him a distinct advantage over
troops in regular order. It was ignorance or neglect of this fact
that led to the destruction of the brave Capt. Pierce of Scituate
and his company in 1676 and to the defeat of Braddock nearly
eighty years later. " Garrison houses," so-called, which for the
most part were probably private dwellings of unusual size and
adaptability for defence, were constructed, and stringent laws
passed for the enforcement of military discipline. The location
and appearance of such of the former as were then or after-
wards erected in Hingham, it is not possible to fully determine.
Among them, however, was what is now known as the Perez
Lincoln house standing on North, and a little east from Cot-
tage Street. It was erected by Joseph Andrews, probably in
1640. He was the first constable and first town clerk of Hing-
ham. From him it passed for a nominal consideration, in 1665,
to his son Capt. Thomas Andrews, and was then known as the
Andrews house. It is the best authenticated " garrison house "
that we have. Doubtless during many an alarm its massive tim-
bers and thick log walls gave a sense of security to the settlers
who, with their wives and children, had gathered within. A pecu-
liarity of this building, now perhaps the oldest in town, is that,
excepting its first transfer, it has never been conveyed by deed,
but has continuously passed by will or simple inheritance for some
two hundred and twenty-five years from one owner to another.
Although now clapboarded and plastered, it is still one of the
most interesting of the old landmarks, and its sound old ribs
as seen within seem capable of defying the inroads of another
century. Another of these primitive defences stood near what is
now the easterly corner of Hersey and South streets, and on the
site of the Cazneau house, — formerly belonging to Matthew
Lincoln. Another was the house of Capt. John Smith, on the
Lower Plain, about where the store of Mr. Fearing Burr now
is. John Tower's house near Tower's Bridge was also a orarri-
son house : and yet another, at South Hingham, was Capt. John
Jacob's house, situated in the pass between Massachusetts and
Plymouth. There were doubtless others, of which the record is
lost.

In 1612 military officers were empowered to punish neglect

216 History of Hingham.

and insubordination by fine, imprisonment, corporal punishment,
the stocks, etc., and every town was obliged to provide a place for
retreat for their wives and children, and in which to store ammu-
nition. The meeting-house answered for this double purpose in
Hingham, although the military stores were often distributed
among the commissioned officers of the town, thus securing greater
safety and availability in case of surprise. Every smith was
directed to lay aside all other work, and " with all speed attend
the repairing of the ammunition of the several towns, fitting them
for any sudden occasion, and shall receive country pay for it." In
every town there was a council of war, consisting doubtless of the
military officers, the selectmen, — generally including in their
number these same officers, — and perhaps other prominent citi-
zens. This council seems to have had certain advisory powers,
and perhaps even of direction in emergencies, but in the event of
its failure to act, the commander of the company was specially
authorized to use his own discretion both for defence and offence.
The General Court directed, too, the manner in which alarms
mia'ht be given in case of danger. Anv inhabitant was empowered
to distinctly discharge three muskets, to continually beat the
drum in the night, or to fire the beacon, or to discharge a piece
of ordnance, or to send messengers to adjoining towns ; and every
soldier was to respond at once, under a penalty of live pounds. The
captains of the three towns nearest that in which the enemy should
be discovered were to proceed thither with their companies. The
watches throughout the country were posted at sunset at the beat
of the drum, and discharged at sunrise drumbeat. From this
arose the custom of payments which we find made to many indi-
viduals through a long series of vears for " maintaining the drum."
Thus among the ;t disbursements paid out of the Towne rate for
the Towne's use " in 1662, are the following: —

" To Joshua Beals for maintenance of ye drum, <£01 00 00.

" To Steven Lincoln for maintenance of ye drum, £00 10 00."

And again, — besides many other similar disbursements, —
" John Lincoln to be paid ten shillings a year for drumming, he to
buy his own drum : " this in 1690.

Increasing rumors of Indian conspiracies induced greater vigi-
lance and more careful preparation from year to year. In 1043
the military officers were placed in charge of the arms brought to
public meetings, and the care of ammunition in the farmhouses
was given to them ; and in 1644 all inhabitants were compelled to
keep arms ready for service in their houses. At a town meeting,
June 24, 1645, it was voted to erect a palisade around the
meeting-house " to prevent any danger that may come into this
town by any assault of the Indians." Previous to 1645 Hingham
appears to have had no captain, and it is probable that for pur-
poses of military organization and discipline the soldiers of Hull
and Weymouth were joined with our own in forming a company,

Military History. 217

and that they were commanded by a captain residing- in the latter
place. Winthrop says that in 1645 Hingham chose Lieutenant
Eames, who had been the chief commander for the previous seven
or eight years, to be captain, and presented him to the council for
confirmation. For some reason not now known, the town be-
came offended with Eames before his new commission could be
issued, and a new election was held, or attempted to be held, at
which Bozoan Allen was chosen captain ; whom, however, the
council refused to confirm. A bitter controversy lasting several
years ensued. The town became divided into partisans of the
two officers, and the quarrel occupied much of the time of
the deputies and magistrates until 1648. In it the Rev. Peter
Hobart, together with many leading- citizens, became deeply in-
volved, and the issues soon came to relate to civil and reli-
gious, rather than to military interests. The details of this
most unfortunate affair, which cost the town many of its
best families and much of its prosperity, would seem to be-
long more properly to the chapter on ecclesiastical history, and
there they may be found at length.

Lieut. Anthony Eames, the first local commander of the town,
was one of the first settlers, coming here in 1636, in which year
a house lot was granted him on the lower plain. He seems to
have been an able officer and a leading and trusted citizen, being
a deputy in 1637, 1638, and 1643, and frequently holding positions
of responsibility and honor in the town. Together with Allen,
Joshua Hobart, and others, he was chosen to represent the town's
interests in Xantasket lands, and in 1643 he with Allen and
Samuel Ward had leave from the town to set up a corn mill
near the cove. From Lieutenant Eames, through his three
daughters, — Milicent who married William Sprague, Elizabeth
who married Edward Wilder, and Marjory who married Capt.
John Jacobs, — many of the people of Hingham are descended.
Pending the settlement of the trouble in the company, the
General Court ordered, August 12, 1645, that " Lieutenant
Tory shall be chief military officer in Hingham, and act accord-
ing as other military officers till the court shall take further
orders." Lieutenant Tory was from Weymouth, and was un-
doubtedly appointed as a disinterested party to the controversy.
He was succeeded in the care of the company in May, 1646, by
Maj. Edward Gibbons. The same day that Lieutenant Tory was
assigned to the charge of the company an important order was
passed by the General Court to the effect that the commander of
every company should select thirty men out of every hundred in
their command who should be ready for service at half an hour's
notice ; and further provided for the thorough arming and equip-
ping of every man, with penalties for neglect. Provision was also
made at the May session of the General Court for the training of
youth between the ages of ten and sixteen years of age, by experi-

218 History of Hingham.

enced officers, in the use of arms " as small guns, pikes, bows and
arrows " but excepting such as parents forbade. This order was
renewed in nearly the same form in 1G47. Another order pro-
vided that any man not having arms might be excused from the
usual penalty by bringing to the company clerk corn to one-fifth
greater value than the cost of the articles in which he was defi-
cient. " But if any person shall not be able to provide himself
arms and ammunition through mere poverty, if he be single and
under thirty years of age, he shall be put to service by some ; if
he be married or above thirty the constable shall provide him
arms, and shall appoint him with whom to earn it out." How
indicative are all these orders, both of the constant dangers which
necessitated them, and of the efficient and untiring provisions
against surprise and ruin. The distaste for temporary officers
from other towns, and the danger from farther delay apparently
led the people to seek a settlement of the military trouble, and
we find in the State archives the following petition : —

The Humble Petition of the Soldiers of Hingham to the Honorable
Court now sitting in Boston. Sheweth That we acknowledge ourselves
thankful to you for many favors ; especially considering how little we have
deserved them, either from the Lord or yon his instruments. Yet your
bounty does encourage us and our own necessities forces us to crave help
from you that so we may be provided for the defense of ourselves, wives,
children, and liberties, against all oppressors. Therefore we crave this
liberty, as the rest of our neighbors have which we take to be our due, to
choose our own officers, which if granted it will be a great refreshment.
But if we be not worthy of such a favor for present as your allowance
herein, then that you would be pleased to set us in a way that we may be
able to do you servis and provide for our own safety and not be in such
an uncomfortable and unsafe condition as we do. So praying for the
presence of our Lord with you, we are yours as he enables us and you
command us.

In answer to this it was ordered that Bozoan Allen be lieutenant,
and Joshua Hobart, ensign. Three years later at the request of
the town both these officers were promoted, and Allen obtained at
last the rank for which he had vainly striven six years before.
He was a man of much force and considerable pugnacity. On at
least one, and probably two occasions he was compelled to humbly
beg pardon for disrespectful words spoken of Governor Dudley,
and in 1G47 he was dismissed from the General Court for the
session. He held, however, many positions of honor in Hingham,
being repeatedly elected a deputy, serving often with his friend
Joshua Hobart. He came to [Iingham in 1638, and as already
mentioned was, with Lieutenant Eames, one of the owners of the
mill. He removed to Boston in lf!52 and died the same year.
Joshua Hobart, a brother of the Rev. Peter Hobart, succeeded to
the command of the company in 1053. He was a man of great

Military History. 219

strength of character and one of the most distinguished citizens
the town has had. In 1641 he was a member of the Ancient and
Honorable Artillery company, — then a military organization, —
was a deputy more than twenty-live times, serving with Allen,
Lieutenant Flouchin of Boston, — who, according to the custom of
the time, on several occasions served on behalf of Hingham, — and
with other prominent citizens. In 1670 he was on a committee
to revise the laws, and in 1673 was chosen to audit tbe accounts
of the treasurer of the colony. In 1672 Captain Hobart and Lieu-
tenant Fisher presented their report upon the boundary line
between the colonies of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth which
they had been appointed commissioners to determine. In 1674
he was speaker of the House of Deputies. He was frequently a
selectman and held other town oihees. Besides holding the posi-
tion of commander of the military of Hingham during: manv years
when unwearied vigilance, strict discipline, and constant prepara-
tion were of the first importance to the welfare and preservation
of the town, — for it must be remembered that suspicion, fear,
and at times open war succeeded the defeat of the Pequods, and
that at no time was the danger of destruction absent from the
minds of the colonists, — Captain Hobart is said to have com-
manded a company in active service in Philip's War. His house
lot was on Main Street and included the spot upon which stands the
Old Meeting-house, and here, in 1682, after having been Hingham's
chief officer for nearly thirty years, he died full of honors, at the
age of sixty -seven vears. Notwithstanding the uneasiness sue-
ceeding the Pequod War, peace generally prevailed between the
colonists and the Indians for a quarter of a century thereafter ;
settlements multiplied and the older towns not only grew in num-
bers, but began to prosper with the development of agriculture,
the pursuits of the fisheries, the birth of manufactures, the trade
in lumber, and the commerce which was already springing up
with the West India islands. In the general prosperity Hingham
shared, although her growth was not rapid, and, as has been said,
the military and ecclesiastical dissensions at one time led to a
serious loss in population, and consequent injury to the material
advance.

The soil was however fair and in many places rich, and its suc-
cessful cultivation led to the rapid increase in the number and
area of the " planting fields " which were granted from time to
time. Our almost circular harbor surrounded and protected on
all sides by hills clothed with a noble growth of oak, pine, and
cedar, and guarded at its entrance by the three beautiful islands
which like faithful sentinels stood as bulwarks against the storms
of the open ocean, early turned attention to Hingham as an
advantageous point for the construction of craft of various de-
scription and size, and the development of a prosperous foreign
trade.

220 History of Hingliam.

Shipyards and wharves soon dotted the shore and multiplied
with astonishing rapidity : and many a stately vessel received her
baptism and commenced her perilous life in the little bay which
washes our coast. The commerce which subsequently was one
of the chief sources of local wealth began, too, almost with the
birth of the town, and in 1679 we read of the loss at sea of a
vessel in which Joshua Hobart, one of Hingham's stalwart mari-
ners, was a part owner. Before this Winthrop mentions the over-
turning off Paddock's Island of a small shallup of ten tons, in
which was John Palmer, whose house lot was on Broad Cove, and
two others. This was in 1639, and the shallop was perhaps one
of the fishing smacks forming the advance guard of the fleet which
lined our wharves and enriched many of our citizens, and which
only finally disappeared within a very few years past. But while
this town and her sisters grew and prospered and pursued their
peaceful vocations, the shadow of a coming struggle lengthened,
and the inevitable contest between the white race and the red race
neared yearly and daily its culmination. In 1665 the town " Lyd
out for powder, bullets, and match, £.11." — a very considerable
sum for the time, and indeed a very large proportion of the total
expenditures for the year. The following quaint order passed July
20, 1668, is interesting because of the glimpse it affords of the
customs and vigilance of the period : —

It is ordered by the Selectmeu of the town that all such p's's as are
app1 & warned to watch on the constables watch shall from time to time
appear at the meeting house half an hour after sunset to receive their
charge ; and the constable is hereby ordered to meet them there at the said
time or soon after to give them their charge according to law ; and we do
also order that after the new watch is come about as far as the meeting
house that then the 2 constables shall take their watches to give the watch
in charge, that is, one constable f watch & the other another & so by
turns till the time is expired which the law sets for the keeping up the sd
watch.

A generation had reached manhood since the extermination of
the Pequods ; the town and the colony alike had attained to strength
and confidence born of prosperity, and a feeling of security re-
sulting from unceasing vigilance and preparation pervaded the
settlements. Nevertheless fear of the French, jealousy of the
Dutch, and suspicion of the Indian kept the weapons of prepa-
ration bright. A rumor now and again of some forest outrage, an
actual barbarity, and possibly a self-consciousness of not being
without wrong on their own part, kept the colonists alert and
active. The military enactments of the General Court grew more
specific, more frequent, and more stern : the co-operation of the
towns and their own watchfulness became more marked. A
successful expedition against the French on the Penobscot in
1653, and another to Niantick to suppress a Xarragansett conspir-

Military History. 221

acy in 1654, afforded valuable experience, although accompanied
by little or no bloodshed. Suddenly the long anticipated conflict
opened. An Indian was found drowned in Assawanset Pond near
Middleborough. He was a friend of the whites ; three Wam-
panoags were arrested, tried, and executed for the murder. On
the 20th day of June, 1675, several houses were burned at
Swansea, and the greatest of New England's native warriors
opened the first of the two campaigns which only ended with the
death of Philip at Mt. Hope August 12, 1676, sealing on that day
the fate of a mighty race, and after the most extreme suffering
and cruelty on both sides.

Thirteen towns had been wholly destroyed, and many more
sustained severe loss, while six hundred of the colonists lay dead
upon the battle-field. On the other hand, the power of the red
man was at an end in New England. Their wigwams had been
burned, their wives and children sold into slavery, their warriors
slain, and the tribes almost swept out of existence. The history
is not a pleasant nor a wholly creditable one ; its detailed rela-
tion fortunately belongs elsewhere. Into the struggle, however,
the men of Hingham entered bravelv, and within her borders at
least one incident in the great tragedv was enacted. Before tell-
ing the story of her contributions in men and money, the honor-
able part she took, and the loss she sustained, let us make a
sketch of the old town as it appeared in the summer of 1675,
relocate and repeople at least some of the houses, remap the old
roads, glance at the occupations and characteristics and appear-
ance of the inhabitants, and catch as we may in the gloaming
some tracery of the homes and the lives of our forefathers.

Away back in 1645 a dam had narrowed the entrance to the
inner bay, then a beautiful sheet of water, undivided by the
street connecting Main Street and the harbor. Tide-gates had
finally closed the passage, and the friends Eames and Allen had
set in motion the busy wheels which now for two hundred and
fifty odd years, in the self-same spot, have sung their music in
the starry midnight and the merry sunlight alike, grinding the
corn and the grain of the settlers and their descendants for eight
generations. Here, then, in this opening year of King Philip's war
the little mill stood as now, not far from the public landing-place
at the Cove. Built of stout logs and hewn planks, with jolly
John Langlee, the miller, in the doorway, the rush of a foaming
stream beneath, a gleam of blue waters to the north, and in
front the dancing ripples of the glassy pond reflecting in the
morning light the giants of the forest which clothed the sur-
rounding hills and crept down to the very water's edge, it was
indeed a pleasant place ; and here the farmer with the heavy ox-
cart or pack-laden horse, the sailor back from some West Indian
port, the bright-eyed school-boy, the idler from the town, the
squire, the captain, and now and again even Parson Hobart him-

222 History of Hingham.

self, might have been seen watching the hot meal as it poured
from the stones, while hearing and telling what each might of
news and rumor and gossip. Here the forebodings of the forest,
the startling stories of Indian devastation and cruelty, the tales
from over seas, the crop prospects, and the latest talk of the vil-
lage whiled away many an idle hour, and doubtless, too, lost little
in their later relation by the home firesides. To the eastward
and westward of the mill stream, and sloping towards each other
until meeting beneath its bubbling waters, rose two noble hills,
their tops crowned with the oak and the pine, and their ocean-
ward sides scantily protected by wind-twisted and stunted cedars.
In Cobb's Bank, earlier known as Ward's Hill, we have, bare
and unsightly, the little that remains of the first of these,
which then, rounded and srreen, stretched awav for several him-
drcd feet along the harbor, and gradually descending, finally dis-
appeared in Wakeley's meadows. Through these last coursed a
tiny run, which emptied into the sea by the " landing-place " of a
subsequent period, — now a grass-covered wharf, long since disused
for commercial purposes. An easy ford at the town dock ena-
bled those having occasion, to reach the beaches along the base
of the eminence, and thence, after crossing the run, to ascend
the hill near the steamboat landing, and through the fields and
woods reach Neck Gate Hill, Martin's Lane, and the planting lots
beyond. The hill west of the stream also skirted the harbor for
some distance, and then, drifting inland, continued far towards
the western extremity of the town ; it remains materially unal-
tered to this day. Old Town Street, with its name changed to
North, follows now as in the early days its graceful, curving
course along the base of the hill at whose foot it lies. Here
and there its lines have been moved a trifle, this way or that,
but from the harbor to West Street it is the same old road, border-
ing the pond, the brook, and the swamp, as in the days when the
Lincolns, the Andrews, and the Hobarts built their one-storied,
thatched huts along its grassy ruts.

From the Cove, where the mill, the town dock, and the ford
crowd in neighborly friendship together, to the further extremity
of the " Swamp," this, the first of Hingham's highways, has few
spots uncelebrated in her history. Yet almost the whole interest
is confined to the northern or upper side ; for not only -was its
other boundary fixed so as to border upon the brook, but in fact
the land on that side of the travelled way was generally too
swampy to admit of its use for dwellings. Consequently we find
that scarcely a building stood upon the southerly side of the
street, and probably the only exception was the house of Samuel
Lincoln and his son, occupying a site nearly opposite the pres-
ent location of the New North Church. A very few years later,
however, in 1683 or thereabouts, another mill was built upon
the water side, and almost exactly where is now the little red

Military History. 223

blacksmith-shop; parts of the dam may still be seen projecting
from either shore of the pond. Starting at the Cove and going
westward, we should have seen at this early period the charred
remains of the houses of John Otis and Thomas Loring. But lit-
tle was left, however : for the fire that destroyed them was an
old storv many years back, and now had become little more than
a tradition. Nevertheless, from a spot nearly opposite the smithy,
their owners had looked out many a bright morning on the pretty
scene before them. A few steps further, and near the corner of
Ship Street, — or Fish Street, as formerly known, and which per-
haps was a lane at even this early time, — was the home of Peter
Barnes, the ancestor of the present family of that name ; and
close by, for a neighbor, lived John Langlee, the miller, who was
also a" shipwright, and later an innkeeper on the same spot.
Now, however, he must go a-soldiering, and a-soldiering he went,
and not over willingly, we may presume ; for not only do we
know that he left a wife and one or two babies to fare as the
fates should will, but we learn that he was impressed into the
service. However, he shared with many a fellow-townsman in
the glory of the brave and unfortunate Captain Johnson and his
company, and was one of the two men from Hingham who
were wounded in the great battle. He was the owner of the
island originally granted to Richard Ibrook, now known as
Laugley's Island, and from him descended Madam Derby. The
house of Charles A. Lane stands on the spot where lived Joseph
Church, brother of the famous Capt. Benjamin Church, the final
conqueror of Philip ; and just beyond was the garrison house of
Capt. Thomas Andrews, now occupied by the Misses Lincoln.
With Captain Andrews lived his father, Joseph, the first town
clerk, at this time one of the old men of the settlement. A
hundred feet or so to the south, bubbling and rippling as it
danced along, flowed the cool waters of the town brook, crossed
a trifle higher up by a bridge, and broadened at that point into a
drinking-pond for cattle and horses. Lincoln Building covers
the spot from which the little pond long since disappeared.
Captain Andrews' next neighbor to the westward was Capt. John
Thaxter, who had served with distinction against the Dutch, and
who was at this eventful period a selectman and one of the fore-
most citizens. His family was a large one, and a son — later
known as Capt. Thomas Thaxter — served at Martha's Vineyard
under Captain Church. The old Thaxter house was known
twenty-five years since, and for many years before, as the Leavitt
house. The fine old mansion has given place to St. Paul's Ro-
man Catholic Church. In the rear, " Ensign Thaxter's Hill "
formed the northerly boundary of a wide training-field, which lay
between it and the houses on the street. Next beyond, and just
at the bend of the road, was the home of old Edmond Pitts, —
Goodman Pitts, as he was called, — a weaver, sexton of the

224 History of Hingham.

church, and a man of no little consequence. The house in its
modernized form still remains, and is the first one west of St.
Paul's Church. Directly in its front is Thaxtcr's Bridge, span-
ning the brook, and diagonally across the street, as already men-
tioned, was the abode of Samuel Lincoln, weaver and mariner,
and of his son Samuel, who served in the war as a cornet of
cavalry. Opposite the General Lincoln place, Broad Cove Lane,
now Lincoln Street, branched off, passed a low, marshy thicket,
which, cleared and filled, has become Fountain Square, climbed
the gentle slope beyond, and then descended again until it reached
the broad, and then deep arm of the sea from which the lane
was named. Beyond this point it continued for perhaps half a
mile, and terminated in pastures and planting fields beyond.
From it another lane running nearly at right angles led, as
does the wide avenue which has succeeded, to the deep water
at Crow Point and to Weary-all-Hill, since called Otis Hill,
where, through other lanes and by deep ruts and numerous bars
the rich lands granted as planting lots were reached. Upon Lin-
coln Street were located the homes of the Chubbucks, of John
Tucker, and perhaps a few others ; and on the corner, and front-
ing on Town Street, we should have found Benjamin Lincoln,
great-grandfather of General Lincoln. He was a farmer, with a
young family, and on his lot stood the malt-house given him by
his father, Thomas Lincoln, the cooper; here was carried on one
of the primitive breweries of our ancestors, and here doubtless
was enjoyed many a glass of flip. Mr. Lincoln's next neighbors
to the westward were his brothers-in-law John and Israel Fearing;,
who occupied the family homestead nearly opposite to the site of
the Universalist Church ; while just beyond, and extending for
a long distance up towards the West End, were the domains of
the Hobarts, a very prominent family at the time. Here was
Edmund the younger, but now a venerable man of seventy -two
years, a weaver by trade, prominent in town affairs, and a twin
brother of the minister. His house was near Hobart's Bridge,
where with him lived his son Daniel, who followed his father's
occupation and succeeded to his influence. John and Samuel,
elder sons, and both just married, had their homes with or near
their father, while just beyond, and opposite Goold's Bridge,
the Rev. Peter Hobart occupied the parsonage, which for forty
years had been the centre of social and intellectual life in the
town. It may be well to mention here that the brook, which in
general occupies nearly its original bed for the greater part of its
length, has had its course materially altered in recent years
between the site of John and Israel Fearing's house and Hobart's
Bridge. It formerly flowed quite up to, and in places even into
the present location of North Street between these points ; and
the line of the sweep of the marsh and old Town Street is clearly
indicated by the segment of a circle upon which the houses from

Military History. 225

Mr. David Cushing's to the Andrews' are now built. Rev. Peter
Hobart's neighbors to the westward were Thomas Gill and his
sons, Lieut. Thomas, and Samuel, and his son-in-law, Josiah
Lane ; and beyond them were Thomas and Ephraim Marsh, one
or both of whom lived in the paternal homestead which came
from George Marsh, their grandfather, and which bounded west-
erly on Burton's Lane. On the further side of this passage-way
the brothers Ephraim Lane, who served in Captain Johnson's
company, and John Lane, the carpenter, occupied their father's
place, while near them was George Lane, an uncle. On Mars
Hill, Thomas Lincoln, the cooper, one of the old men of the vil-
lage, and ancestor of the Benjamin Lincoln family, occupied the
spot which has been the home of his descendants to the present
time. Jacob Beale lived near by, but the exact spot is not easily
located. Apparently Thomas Hobart was the sole inhabitant of
West Street at this period, although Caleb Lincoln's house was on
the corner, but probably facing Fort Hill Street. The latter's twin
brother Joshua, and their father, Thomas Lincoln, the husband-
man, were close by, as were Sergeant Daniel Lincoln and his son
Daniel, Thomas and Ephraim Nicolls, Moses Collier, and Thomas
Lincoln, the carpenter, Henry Ward, Robert Waterman, Samuel
Stowell and his sons John and David, Joshua Beale, who main-
tained the drum, and his brother Caleb, at this time a con-
stable; all were located on Fort Hill Street. Here also, and
probably on the crown of the hill, and within a very few feet of
the street to which it gave its name, was erected at this time one
of the three forts which formed a part of the defences against
the Indians. The location was admirable, the eminence over-
looking and commanding the fertile fields on its several sides, as
well as the village clustered around its base, while the road to
Weymouth, much of the water supply, and a wide range of
country were within the protecting fire of its guns ; while signals
by day or a beacon light at night would carry an alarm to distant
points. Leaving this locality and proceeding along what is now
South Street, we should have found on the Gay estate of a later
day William Hersey, and near him John and James and William
Hersey the younger, and Widow Hewitt and her brother-in-law,
Timothy Hewitt. On the westerly corner of Austin's "Lane, now
Hersey Street, were John Beale, and John his son, while on the
easterly corner another garrison house formed the connecting
defence between the fort at West Hingham and Captain An-
drews' garrison house at Broad Bridge. The house belonged to
Steven Lincoln, and the Cazneau cottage stands nearly upon its
site. In the immediate vicinity were Simon Gross, Joshua Lin-
coln, Richard Wood, and Samuel Bate, who had a daughter
born April 12, 1676, "in the garrison," — not improbably the
garrison house of Steven Lincoln, which was undoubtedly already
occupied as a place of refuge in consequence of the alarm pre-

VOL. I. 15

226 History of Eingham.

ceding the attack of a few days after in the south part of the
town. Other neighbors were Dr. Cutler, known as " the Dutch-
man," and Arthur Caine ; while Joseph Bate's house stood
where Mr. William 0. Lincoln, who is of the eighth generation
occupying the same spot, now resides, — Clement Bate, the
father of Joseph, being the first. Next east lived Nathaniel
Beal, Senior, cordwainer and constable, and who had formerly
been chosen by the selectmen to keep an ordinary to sell sack and
strong waters, and who may still have been engaged in the same
pursuits. His ordinary and home was about opposite Thaxter's
bridge. Across the travelled way, and on the lot occupied by
the building in which the District Court holds its sessions, were
the stocks, — conveniently near the place where the strong
waters, which perhaps frequently led to their occupancy, were
dispensed. The street now so beautiful in all its long course
from Broad Bridge to Queen Anne's Corner, is the street of the
old days which we are picturing, and has undergone little change
of location. Its northerly part was known however at that time
as Bachelor's Row. We must recollect, however, that the hill
upon which Derby Academy stands then extended over the pres-
ent Main Street, sloping down nearly to the houses on the west,
and that going south it fell away to about the present level of
the street in front of Loring Hall, when the ascent again com-
menced, terminating in quite a little eminence opposite the Bas-
sett house, but which has largely disappeared through the cutting
off of the crown and the filling of the swampy tract beyond, — a
process which, repeated a short distance south, in the vicinity of
Water Street, has also modified the appearance of Main Street
quite materially at that point. The old road was in fact a suc-
cession of ascents and descents almost continuously, until after
reaching the level above Pear-tree Hill. The first meeting-house
stood upon the part of the hill near Broad Bridge, which has
been removed, and probably not far from, and a few rods in front
of, the site of Derby Academy. It has already been described.
Over the hill, and probably to the eastward of the Meeting-house
ran a road, and around the base was another, doubtless more easy
to travel. These two commencing at the same point near the
bridge, soon united into one again at or near where Loring Hall
stands. On the slopes of the hill and around the meeting-house
our fathers were buried, and there they doubtless thought to
sleep undisturbed forever. Their remains now rest in the old
fort in the cemetery, of which in life they were the garrison, — a
most fitting sepulchre for the sturdy old soldiers. This fort, still
in an admirable state of preservation, was probably erected in
1675 or early in 1676, and was the main defence of the inhabi-
tants. It overlooked and commanded most of the village and
the main approaches thereto, and in connection with the palisaded
Meeting-house and the garrison house across the brook, provided

Military History. 227

ample protection to the settlement. The two latter completely
covered the stream for a long distance, making it impossible for
the Indians to deprive the townspeople of its sweet waters.
Nearly every house on the lower part of Main Street was within
range, and under the protection of the guns of the fort, which
also commanded an unobstructed view of the whole territory
between Captain Andrews' and the harbor, whose blue waters,
framed in their bright setting of green, then as now made a
beautiful and peaceful picture, as seen from its ramparts. The
present appearance of the fort is outwardly that of a circular,
sodded embankment, two or three feet in height, upon which are
planted several of the oldest of the gravestones; but from
within, the earth walls appear to be considerably higher, and the
excavation is rectangular, with sides about forty feet in length.
In the centre, from the summit of a mound, there rises a plain
granite shaft, inscribed upon the southwesterly and northeasterly
sides respectively as follows : —

To The Erected

First Settlers by the

of Town,

Hingham, 1839.

The late Hon. Solomon Lincoln, in his " History of Hingham,"
mentions in a foot-note a tradition related to him as coming from
Dr. Gay, to the effect that " this fort was built from the fear of
invasion by the sea, by the Dutch, etc." There can be no doubt
that the tradition referred to another fortification, also in the
cemetery, probably built for defence against the Dutch or the
Spanish, the remains of which were discovered a few years since
while constructing a road in that part of the burying-ground
tow-ards Water Street, by Mr. Todd, the superintendent. The
location, as described by him, was on the northerly side of the
hill formerly owned by Isaac Hinckley, whose family lot is upon
its crown, the situation entirely commanding the harbor and its
approaches, and affording a magnificent view, and a valuable out-
look for military purposes. The defence was probably in the
nature of a stone battery, upon which it was intended to mount
a gun or guns, and the remains consisted of several tiers of large
stones, placed regularly together and backed by earth. Unfortu-
nately they have been removed.

On Bachelor's Row, and near where Elm Street now intersects the
main highway, Daniel and Samuel Stodder, brothers, and each with
a numerous family, occupied neighboring houses. Daniel attained
a greater age than has any other person in Hingham, finally dying
at one hundred and four years. A few rods south, Ensign Joseph
Joy, by occupation a carpenter, bore them company ; and on the
opposite side of the street, and not far from where the Old Meet-
ing-house now is, was the home of blacksmith and lieutenant
Jeremiah Beale, with his family of seven children. Close by, for

228 History of Hingham.

a neighbor, was the famous Captain of the Trainband, Joshua
Hobart, the most prominent of the townspeople, excepting- his
brother, the minister. As already said, his lot included the land
upon which the meeting-house of 1681 stands.

Here too, then, or a little later, we should have found probably
the only gathering-place outside the Meeting-house, for the ma-
trons of these early times in our history; for here Dame Ellen, the
worthy wife of the Captain, kept a little shop, in which were sold
the gloves and ribbons, the laces and pins and needles and thread,
and possibly even, now and then a piece of dress goods of foreign
make, and all the little knick-knacks as dear and as necessary to
our great-great-grandmothers as to the wives and sisters of the
present day. Upon the homestead of his father on the easterly
side of the street, lived Samuel Thaxter, a cordwainer, and
ancestor of Joseph B. Thaxter, who occupies the same spot ;
while a little south, and about opposite the head of Water Street,
Andrew Lane, a wheelwright, settled upon a lot of some four
acres, with John Mayo near by. A little beyond, and very near
to where Winter Street intersects Main, John Prince, a soldier of
the war, made his home. At this point also we should have seen
the tannery of the Cushings, stretching for a considerable distance
along the street, as tanneries almost always do, with the sides of
leather drying in tlie sun, the bits scattered here and there, the
piles of red bark, and the inevitable tan entrance and driveway ; all
making the air redolent with an odor bv no means disagreeable.

Upon the lot now occupied by Dr. Robbins at the foot of Pear-tree
Hill, a few rods north of his residence, Matthew dishing, who died
in 1G60 at seventy-one years of age, the progenitor, probably, of
all the families of that name in the United States, had established
the home which remained uninterruptedly in the family until 1887 :
and here still lived his wife, who died subsequently to the war, aged
ninety-six, his son Daniel, then and until his death town clerk, and
one of the wealthy men of the period, and Matthew a grandson,
afterwards lieutenant and captain. Not far away Matthew Gushing
senior's daughter Deborah lived with her husband, Matthias Briggs,
while on the opposite side of the street, at what is now the Kecshan
place, Daniel the younger, a weaver by trade, established a home
and reared a numerous family. The Cushings were shopkeepers
in addition to their other occupations, and probably the little end
shop built onto the dwelling on cither side of the street contained
articles of sale and barter, — produce and pelts and West India
goods and ammunition. We may suppose that these small centres
of trade, together with the tannery in the immediate vicinity, gave
quite a little air of business to the neighborhood, — forming
indeed the primitive exchange of the period.

Not far from where Mr. Fearing Burr's store now is, Lieut. John
Smith, Captain Hobart' s able second in rank, had a home and a
fort combined, being one of the " garrison houses " whose wise

Military History. 229

location probably saved the town from a general attack. Lieu-
tenant Smith is stated to have been in active service during- the
\v;ir. and to have commanded a fort. lie was a man of marked
ability, holding many positions of public trust, representing the
town in the General Court and succeeding to the command of the
foot company in 1683, after the death of Captain Hobart. He was
also one of the wealthiest of Hingham's inhabitants, leaving prop-
erty valued at upwards of <£1100, a considerable sum for the
time. Commencing at his house and thence extending south to
the present location of Pleasant Street and cast to that of Spring
Street and bounded north by Leavitt, and west by Main Street,
was a large common or training-field in which, probably not far
from where is now the Public Library, was Hingham's third fort,
doubtless under the immediate charge of Lieutenant Smith ; and
which in connection with his garrison house, provided a fair
means of defence to most of the houses on the plain. Around
this field were the lots of many of the first settlers, and the homes
of their descendants formed at this time cpnte a village. Among
them on Main Street was that of Matthew Hawke, afterwards
the third town clerk. From him is descended Col. Hawkes Fear-
ing, whose house is upon the same spot. Matthew, one of the first
settlers, was by occupation a schoolmaster. His granddaughter
married John Fearing, Colonel Fearing's paternal ancestor.
James Hawke, son of Matthew, also resided at Hingham centre
and probably with his father, — he too becoming town clerk in
1700, succeeding Daniel Gushing ; and was himself succeeded in
the same office by his son James, also a resident of this part of
the town, and with whom the name ceased. He left two daughters,
one becoming the mother of John Hancock. Next them was Fran-
cis James, and but a short distance further south, about where Mi-.
David Hersey's house now is, was the homestead of the Ripleys,
and on or near it were located John Ripley and Jolin junior and
his brother Joshua. Their nearest neighbor, John Bull, " Goodman
Bull," was the progenitor of many of the present inhabitants of the
town. Bull's Pond, a small bit of water opposite Grand Army
Hall, takes its name from the old settler, and marks the location of
his property. On Leavitt Street Deacon John Leavitt, tailor, and
the father of thirteen children, had the grant of a house lot. He
appears, however, to have made his home as far from the centre as
he well could, as his residence was in that part of the town known
as " over the Delaware." He was not only one of the deacons of
the church, but a trusted and leading citizen and officer, represent-
ing the town for many years in the General Court. His two sons,
Josiah the cooper and fanner, and Israel the husbandman, lived
on the same street. Nathaniel Baker, a farmer, large landowner,
and a selectman in 1076, and a soldier in the war, was conven-
ientlv located at the iunction of Leavitt and East streets. Never-
theless we find under date of Dec. 18, 1676 the following : —

230 History of Hingham.

To the Constable of Hingham. You are hereby required iu his ma-
jestys name forthwith at the sight hereof to destraine upon the goods or
chattels of Nathaniell Baker of this Town to the value of twenty shillings
for his entertaining a Indian or Indians contrary to a Town order which
fine is to be delivered to the selectmen for the use of the Town. Hereof
you are not to fail. Benjamin Bate in the name of & by the order of
the rest of the Selectmen of Hingham.

This is a true copy of the warrant as attest Moses Collier Constable of
Hingham.

The line imposed upon Mr. Baker was in consequence of his
disobedience of an order passed by the town forbidding the em-
ployment or entertainment of an Indian by any person. It was
almost immediately followed by petitions from Baker, John Jacobs,
and others to the General Court asking that they be permitted to
retain their Indian servants, and it appears from the State Ar-
chives that the following similar request had already been granted.
It is of added interest for its illustration of the conduct of the
war and the standard of the times.

John Thaxter petitions the Hon. Gov. and Council now sitting in
Boston &c. that his son Thomas Thaxter was in service under the com-
mand of Capt. Benjm Church at Martha's Vineyard and Islands adjoining
where they made many captives and brought them to Plymouth ; and
Captain Church gave ye petitioner's son an Indian boy of abt nine years
old and the selectmen having made an order that no Inhabitant shall keep
anv Indians in his family, &c. — hence the petition — Granted Jan. 11,
1676.

From the residence of Nathaniel Baker, going east, there were
few, if any, houses until reaching the vicinity of Weir river on
East Street, then a little travelled lane. Here, however, we should
have come upon the farm of John Farrow with whom lived his
sons John and Nathan, while beyond and near if not upon the
very spot where the Misses Beale now live, was the last residence
of Sergeant Jeremiah Beale ; and near him his friend and neigh-
bor Purthee McFarlin, the Scotchman, found himself blessed with
nine bonny lassies and three sturdy laddies. Beyond, in what is
now Cohasset, then known as the Second Precinct, there were a
few settlements whose story seems properly to belong to that of
our sister town. On the farther side of the common before referred
to, Simon Burr the farmer, and his son Simon, a cooper, located on
a lane which has since become School Street ; and not far off,
Cornelius Cantleberry, John Mansfield, and his son John, and
perhaps a few others made homes for themselves. On the corner
of Union Street Captain Fames had lived, and it was in that part
of the town known then as now as " over the river," and where
Israel Whitcomb grows his beautiful asters in such profusion, that
Millicent Eames, daughter of Capt. Anthony, went to live with her
husband William Sprague, the first of a long line of descendants

Military History. 231

many of whom have become celebrated ; and here in this exciting
period was a little settlement almost by itself, of which Antony
and William Sprague, the younger, Robert Jones, then quite an
old man, his son Joseph with his family, and the Lazells, John
and his sons Joshua and Stephen, formed the greater part. From
the Lazells the street bearing their name was called, and probably
their homes were upon it. Leaving the common with its fort in
easy reach of all the surrounding houses, and following the general
direction of Main street as it now lies, we should have come at
Cold Corner to the lot allotted John Tower. Upon it he built his
house, which was admirably located for defence from Indian
attack, and commanded not only a considerable portion of the
highway, but also a long line of the river and no inconsiderable
part of the country in its vicinity. Tower was a resolute man,
who determined to take advantage of his position and defend his
home untrammelled by the behests of the town authorities. To
this end he petitioned as follows : —

To the Honored Gov. & Council convened in Boston, March 10, 1675,
John Tower Senior of Hingham is bold to inform your Honors that he
hath at his own proper charge fortified his house & to begg your flavor
that his four sonns & one or two persons more that he may hire at his
own cost may be allowed to him for garrisoning his house ; and may not
be called off by the Comittee of the Town for to come into any other
garrison, my sonns having deserted their own dwellings and brought their
goods into my fortification. I shall thankfully acknowledge your Honors
ffavor herein & be thereby further obliged to pray for a blessing on your
Counsels. Your humble Servant

J. Tower, Senior.

Ibrook Tower, one of his sons, probably lived near his father,
and together with John Jr., Jeremiah, and Benjamin, constituted
the " four sonns " of which his garrison was to mainly consist.
John Tower was not only a brave man, but a diplomatic one also,
and is said to have possessed no little influence with the red men.
There is a tradition that even during the war, and while lurking
in the vicinity, the Indians permitted him to get water from the
river without molestation.

Edward Wilder, Jr., ancestor of all the Hingham Wilders and
husband of Elizabeth Eames, owned at one time all the land
between Tower's and Wilder's hridges and resided between High
and Friend streets, on Main. He was a soldier in the war against
Philip. With him lived his son Jabez and in the immediate
vicinity several more of his children, including Ephraim and John.
The region about the meeting-house at South Hingham was occu-
pied largely at this time by the Jacobs, a wealthy and influential
family. Foremost anions- them was Capt. John Jacob, a member
of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, probably one
of its officers and perhaps at one time its commander, and an able

232 History of Hingham.

and trusted officer in the war against Philip. Captain Jacob
succeeded to the command of Captain Johnson's company after
that officer's death, and directed the defences at Medfield when
that town was attacked and partially destroyed Feb. 21, 1676.
On this occasion there were with him Lieutenant Oakes and twenty
troopers, besides his own foot company of about eighty men. The
only Hingham name upon the roll at this time of which there is
reasonable certainty, besides his own, is that of Nathaniel Beal.
With Captain Wadsworth, Captain Jacob was engaged during the
winter in guarding the frontiers from Milton to the Plymouth
colony bounds, — Weymouth, Hingham, and Hull, being specially
assigned to the latter. The service was an important and arduous
one, and these towns were fortunate in having so able an officer
assigned to their protection ; it may well be that to this is to be
ascribed the small loss sustained from attack by any of them
during the two eventful years. He was among the moneyed men
of the town, his estate being appraised at X1298. He owned a saw-
mill and a fulling mill, besides much land and considerable per-
sonal property. He too was a son-in-law of Captain Eames, having
married his daughter Marjery. Their son John, a young man of
twenty-two years and who had served in the war, was perhaps the
onlv inhabitant of Hingham ever killed in the course of military
hostilities upon her own soil. Preceding the descent upon the
southern part of the town, to be hereafter spoken of, he was slain
near his father's house April 19, 1676. Joseph, a brother of
Captain Jacob, was also a resident of this part of the town, and
Samuel Bacon, who married Mary Jacob, and Peter Bacon were
near neighbors. At Liberty Plain, Humphrey Johnson, who had
been turned out of Scituate, set up the house which he removed
from that town, but only on condition that he should remove it
out of Hingham on short warning, as he was a troublesome man.
Later he was admonished to accept a fence line quietly. He.
however, in part atoned for his short-comings by serving his
country in the conflict then going on. His son Benjamin, a black-
smith and afterwards proprietor of Pine Tree Tavern, doubtless
resided with his father at this time. Other residents of Liberty
Plain were James Whiton, whose house was burned by the Indians,
and his son James who lived near by, and William Hiliard. On
Scotland Street a Scotchman, Robert Dunbar by name, made his
home, and from him have descended the Dunbars of the present
time. Nathaniel Chubbuck, also one of those whose houses
were destroyed on the 20th of April, lived not far away, and
probably near or upon Accord Pond.

On the 25th of February, 1675, it was ordered, on request of
Capo. John Jacob, " that his house standing in the pass between
this colony and Plymouth be forthwith garrisoned, and such as
are his nearest neighbors are to joyne therein." This was the
last of the defences of the town of which we have any knowledge,

Military History. 233

although it is more than probable that there were other garrison
houses in the small hamlets, like that " over the river " or the
one in the vicinity of Weir River. The " pass " where Captain
Jacob's garrison house was situated is somewhat uncertain. It
may have meant simply the street leading toward Plymouth
Colony, or possibly the Indian trail near Accord Pond was so
denominated.

This, then, was the Hingham of 1675, and these, with perhaps a
few more whoso names the kindly and gentle hand of time has
shadowed into the great oblivion, were the heads of families in this
olden time, — a little town consisting of perhaps one hundred and
twenty homes, divided among several small villages and a few nearly
isolated settlements ; a half-dozen or so streets, of which Town, or
North, Fort Hill Street, South, Bachelor's Row, a part of Leavitt,
what is now School, and the part of Main from Bachelor's Row
proper to the extreme southern boundary, were the principal.
These streets, however, were mere grassy lanes, almost unimproved,
whose deep-cut ruts were strangers to any other vehicles than the
heavy, lumbering teams which served as farm wagons two centuries
ago. Here and there it is probable that necessity or the public
spirit of an individual, or perhaps the combination of several, had
resulted in trilling attempts at road making, and in some of the
swampy sections bits of corduroy were constructed. One such, at
least, was upon the low approaches to the brook at Broad Bridge,
and some of its remains were found several years since, and even
yet lie in the bottom of its bed. Road surveyors and superintend-
ents and working out of taxes, and even taxes themselves, were for
the most part blessings of a later period. There were no sidewalks
either, and along the little side paths leading from house to house
and farm to farm, the blue violet blossomed in the early days of
May as now, and the white violet scented the air with its delicate
fragrance, while the wild rose and the golden rod in their season
made the ways bright with their beauty. The chipmunk, his
cheeks filled with the yellow Indian maize stolen from the adjoin-
ing field, sat saucily upon the fresh-cut stump and chipped at the
passer, while the golden-winged woodpecker tapped for insects in
the tree overhead, the kingfisher flashed his steel-blue breast across
the waters of the bay and uttered his shrill cry, and the robin
and the cat-bird danced along with their familiar friendliness be-
fore the settlers' feet. On either hand, and nestling near together
for mutual protection, were the low log or hewn-board thatch-
roofed homes of the people, in most of which glazed windows
were unknown, the light entering through oiled-paper panes and
the opened door. Heavy board shutters added something to the
warmth and much to the safety of the interior after dark. The
rooms were few in number, unplastered and not always sheathed
inside, while a single chimney, with a great open fireplace and a
crane, served as oven and furnace alike. Here and there, how-

234 History of Hingham.

ever, more pretentious, and in one or two cases perhaps, even
stately edifices had been erected. Some of these had a second
story, overhanging slightly the first, and this added greatly to the
power of resisting an attack. A few had glass windows, and here
and there a little shop protruded from one end. Besides these
the three forts, the garrison houses, and the meeting-house gave
a certain diversity and rough picturesqueness to the landscape.
Fine tracts of wood covered a large part of the territory, but nu-
merous planting fields had been granted from time to time, and
the axe of the settler during forty years had made no inconsider-
able mark, and the clearings had been industriously cultivated
from Otis, or Weary-all-Hill, to World's End. The soil was new
and fairly good, and prosperity had lightened the lot of not a few,
so that while certainly far from rich as wealth is measured in
these days, the appraisal of some estates indicates the accumula-
tion of the means of considerable comfort and influence. The
people were for the most part sturdy, industrious, English farmers
with a fair proportion of carpenters, blacksmiths, and coopers,
more, probably, than the necessary number of inn-keepers with
their free sale of strong-water and malt, a few mariners, several
mill owners and millers, two or three brewers, not a larger number
of shop-keepers, a tailor, a tanner perhaps, one or two " gentle-
men," a schoolmaster, and last, and on many accounts most im-
portant of all, the parson. As already said, the inhabitants were
for the most part English, but a large proportion of the younger
generation was native born, and there was also a small sprinkling
of Scotch. In addition there remained a few Indians, whose wig-
wams were pitched outside the settlement, besides a small number
employed as servants in the houses of several of the whites ; and
in the same capacity a negro might here and there have been
found. From a people mainly composed at first of the British
middle-class, impelled to emigrate and settle rather from an am-
bition to improve their worldly lot than from any deep-seated dis-
satisfaction, either with the government or institutions of home,
or even from especially intense religious aspirations, there had
developed a sober, industrious, earnest, self-sustaining community,
whose energy was already laying the foundations for the com-
merce with the West Indies which afterwards became extensive,
and for the varied manufactures which for so many years gave
employment to our people. A few small shallops too were
owned here, and some of the inhabitants had an interest in one or
two vessels of larger size; but fishing, which subsequently became
a great industry, had scarcely begun at this period. The real
business of the settlement as yet was farming. The families of
the day were not small, and year by year added to their propor-
tions ; Rev. Peter Hobart himself was father to no less than
eighteen children while others were hardlv less numerous. Men
and women alike were commonly dressed in homespun, and un-

Military History. 235

doubtedly the style of their garments was that so often seen in the
pictures of the period. Can we not, for the moment, people our
streets with them once more ? — the men in their tall-crowned,
broad-brimmed hats, the short coat close-belted, with broad buckle
in front, the knee breeches, long stockings and buckled shoes
varied by the better protection of long boots worn by others,
especially in winter, and in this latter season the long cape
hanging gracefully from the shoulders ; the women in their be-
coming hoods, faced it may be with fur, the straight, rather short
skirts, and the long enveloping cloaks, with gloves or mittens in
cold weather.

The costumes were picturesque if the materials were not of
the finest, but we have no reason to suppose an utter absence of
more elegant fabrics when occasion demanded, and not a few are
the traditions of silks which would stand alone, carefully treas-
ured as their chief pride by our great-great-grandmothers, while
doubtless velvet coats and knee-breeches, with famous paste or
silver buckles, and perhaps even a bit of gold lace, about this
time forbidden by the General Court to all but certain excepted
classes, found proud and dignified wearers on days of importance
among the town fathers and military commanders. We read,
too, of the bequest of swords in some of the wills of the period,
and it is not unlikely that they were at least occasionally worn
by the grandees of the town, as well as by the trainband officers,
on ceremonious occasions. Nor must it be forgotten that from
necessity, as well as by mandate of law, the musket had become
so constant a companion that, though strictly not an article of
dress, it may at least be considered as a part of the costume of the
men ; it was upon their shoulders in the street, it rested against
the nearest tree when the farmer toiled, it went with him to
meeting on the Sabbath, and leaned, ready loaded, in the corner
at the house when he was at home.

The heavy cloud which had so long threatened Plymouth, and
which finally burst upon Swansea in June, was extending over
Massachusetts also. The border towns were immediately upon
the defensive. Hingham, with her boundary upon that of the
Plymouth Colony, and peculiarly bound to it by neighborhood,
by frequent marriages between her families and those of the
Pilgrim settlements, and by the removal of some of their people
to live among hers, may well have benefited by the kindly influ-
ences of the sister colonv, and imbibed a liberalism and ima«;i-

•/ 7 O

nation not common among the Puritans. At all events, no
persecution for conscience' sake mars the records of the old town,
which a little later loyally followed for more than half a century
the teachings of Dr. Gay, with his broad and embracing Chris-
tianity. Now, with sympathy for her friends and apprehension
for herself, the town quietly, soberly, grimly prepared for the
contest, and awaited the call for duty.

236 ' History of Hlngham.

Under Captain Hobart's direction the three forts were erected,
the garrison houses provisioned, and the careful watch and strict
discipline maintained. The summer slipped away, the people
pursuing their usual vocations. The drum-beat at sunrise
relieved the weary sentinel, called to life the sleeping town, and
put in motion the industries of the field, the shop, and the home.
And while the men labored at their various vocations, the women
were equally industrious ; for not only were the children and the
homes and the dairies to be cared for, but the very clothes must
be woven and made in the kitchen of every house. Probably the
mill, the inns, and the malt-houses were favorite places of
gathering for the men during their leisure moments, while Mrs.
Hobart's shop formed the ladies' exchange of the period, and
many a confidence and bit of gossip were here whispered, only
to reach the goodman's ears a few hours later.

On the Sabbath-day all attended meeting, and after the ser-
vices— probably several hours long — lingered around the porch
to exchange greetings and make inquiries about friends and
relations too scattered to visit during the week.

An occasional sail whitened the placid bosom of the little cir-
cular harbor, whose outlet was nearly hidden by the three islands
with their dark cedar foliage. Grand old trees here mirrored
themselves, and again in the waters of the inner bay and the
beautiful pond, which belonged to Plymouth and Massachusetts
alike, while fields of maize ripened and yellowed on the hillsides.
The sharp stroke of the axe, the occasional report of a musket,
the voice of the plowman talking to his cattle, the grinding of
the mill wheels, the music of the anvil, the merry splash of the
bounding stream, the whir of the partridge, the not distant howl
of the wolf, the stamp of the startled deer, the crackling of dry
boughs beneath the foot of an Indian, whose swarthy form flitted
silently and ominously along the trail to the sister colony, —
these were the every-day sights and sounds of the summer
of 1075.

The weeks following the attack on Swansea had seen the up-
rising of tribe after tribe, allies of Philip, the destruction of town
after town in various parts of the colony, and the ambuscade and
defeat of various bodies of troops under brave and able officers.
United action on the part of Plymouth, Massachusetts, and Con-
necticut became necessary. Governor Winslow was appointed
commander-in-chief, and additional companies were raised by the
three colonies. Among these was one commanded by Captain
Johnson, of Roxbury, already a distinguished officer, who had
led a company of Praying Indians in the earlier days of the con-
flict. He was known as the brave Captain Johnson, and in his
command it was the good fortune of a part of the men from
our town to serve. The following quaint report marks Hing-
ham's entry into the struggle, and indicates also the names of
those who served her in the field : —

Military History. 237

TO THE HoNORD COCNSELL NOW SITTING IN BOSTON :

In persuance of an order from the Hon. Major Thomas Clarke bearing
date of the 29 of ye 9 m 1G75, we have accordingly by the constables
given notice to our souldiers impressed for the countrys service to appear
as expressed in the sayd order and find those that appear completely fur-
nished for the service. Others we are informed [are] to be at Boston
making provision for the sayd service. So as we [be able] they will be
completely furnished according to sayd order.

The names of these souldiers are as follows, Benjn Bates, John Jacob,
John Langlee, Edward Wilder, Thomas Thaxter, Ebenezer Lane, Sam-
merwell Lincoln Junr, Ephraim Lane, John Lazell, John Bull, William
Woodcock, William Hersey Junr, Francis Gardner, Nathaniel Beal Junr,
Nathaniel Nicols, Humphrey Johnson.

Joshua Hobart, Captain.
John Smith, Sergt.

Hingham, Dec. 1, 1675.

Upon inquiry 1 of the above souldiers are found to want coats which
we hope will be taken at Boston to supply. J. H.

William Woodcock was missing when the time came to march,
but he subsequently appeared and served.

In addition to the above, the New England Historical and
Genealogical Register gives the names of the following as in
service from Hingham : Henry Chamberlin, William Chamberlin,
Joseph Benson, Christ. Wheaton, Isaac Prince, Isaac Cole, Sam-
uel Nicholson, John Dunbarr, Paul Gilford, Richard Francis, John
Chamberlin, and Dr. John Cutler. Dr. Cutler, known as '; the
Dutchman,1' was one of the surgeons attached to the Massachu-
setts regiment under Major Appleton at the great battle with the
Narragansetts. In his professional capacity, the care of John
Langlee and John Faxton, wounded fellow-townsmen, fell doubt-
less to him. A note also says that Josiah the Sagamore went to
fight against the Mohawks. A report of Capt. John Holbrooke,
of Weymouth, shows that he had upon his rolls six men and four
horses, and two men from Hingham, but that among the " de-
fects " were Jno. Feres and Arthur Sherman from our town.
From the town records we get the names of many individuals
paid for arms and coats lost in the war. Among them are Samuel
Stodder, a sergeant, James Whiton, Andrew Lane, Ephraim Wil-
der, and Simon Brown. By the same authority we learn that
Nathaniel Baker helped fill the town's quota. The following
petition from the State archives adds two soldiers to our list: —

To the much hond Governeur and the rest of ye Honrd Magestrates now
sitting in Councill, the petition of James Bate of Hingham, Humbly
sheweth, that whereas your petitioner having now for the space of more
than two months had two sons prest into the service against the Indians
whereby many inconveniencyes and great Damages have been sustained
By us for want of my Eldest Son who hath house and land and cattle of
his own adjoining to mine being a mile from the Town and therefore
nobody to look after them in his absence, and whereas there are many in

238 History of Hingham.

our Town that have many sons that were never yet in this Service who
have also declared their willingness to take their Turns and seing God
hath been pleased hitherto to spare their Lives, If he should now take
them away before I doe again see them (upon several considerations) I
know not how I should beare it. My humble request therefore to your
Honours is that you would be pleased to consider our Condition and
grant them a Release from their Long service. So shall you as he is in
duty bound for your Honours prosperity pray and remain yours to serve
in what he is able.

James Bate.

These sons were probably Joseph and Benjamin. Besides
these, dishing tells us in his diary that on October 28, 1675, his
son Theophilus was pressed for a soldier, and marched to Men-
don, and that on December 11 lie returned home.

In 1725 seven townships were granted to the officers and soldiers
living, and the heirs of those deceased, who were in the war of
1 675 ; one of these townships was Bedford, and among the grantees
were a number from Hingham. Besides including part of the
names already given as in the service during this eventful period,
we find those of Joseph Thorn and Samuel Gill, then still living.
Cornelius Cantlebury's heirs, John Arnold's heirs, and Israel
Vickery for his father. In this connection it may be interesting
to add that on June 6, 1733, a meeting of the proprietors of
Bedford was held on Boston Common, and that Col. Samuel
Thaxter presided, and that subsequently he, with others, was
appointed on a committee to lay out the town. Including Capt.
John Jacob, we are thus enabled to furnish the names of some
forty-five men who served from Hingham in the war against the
great Indian warrior. Besides these there were the six or eight
in Captain Holbrooke's company, and doubtless very many others
whose names the imperfect lists have failed to preserve to us.
Indeed, if the tradition that Captain Hobart commanded a
company in active service is well founded, the probability is
very strong that it was largely, if not entirely, composed of
Hingham men.

The day after the draft for Captain Johnson's company was
observed as a " solemn day of prayer and humiliation, to suppli-
cate the Lord's pardoning mercy and compassion towards his
poor people, and for success in the endeavors for repelling the
rage of the enemy."

On the 20th of December, after a night spent in the open air
without covering, and a toilsome march through deep snow,
the combined troops of Massachusetts, Plymouth, and Connecti-
cut arrived before the great fort of the Narragansetts, near Po-
casset, in Rhode Island. At about one o'clock the little army
moved to the attack, the advance led by Captain Johnson, who
was killed at the first fire, as was Captain Davenport, who fol-
lowed him. Before gaining the final victory, six captains were

Military History. 239

lost, and over one hundred and ninety of the English were killed
or wounded, of whom over one hundred belonged to Massachu-
setts, out of a total of about rive hundred and forty.

In the " great Narragansett fight" the men of Hingham, under
their unfortunate captain, led the way. We must regret having
but little record of their individual experiences. We know, how-
ever, that the retreat from the Narragansett country was one
series of hardship and suffering, and that besides the death of
many ol the wounded on the way, that the unharmed nearly per-
ished from exposure and hunger ; so that when General Winslow
readied his headquarters four hundred of his little army, besides
the wounded, were unfit for duty. On the 24th of February,
Weymouth was attacked and seven houses destroyed, and by
March the Indians had become so aggressive that Massachusetts
ordered garrisons to be established in each town, and a select
number of minute-men were to spread the alarm upon the first
approach of the savages.

That the three forts, and perhaps all of the garrison houses
were occupied permanently at this time there can be little doubt.
Lieutenant Smith, as has been said, is known to have commanded
a fort, — more than probably that near his residence upon the
Lower Plain ; while Captain Hobart, though exercising general
supervision of all the defences, took immediate personal charge
of the one in the cemetery, directing, we may presume, the gar-
rison of the fortification at Fort Hill to obey the orders of Ensign
John Thaxter, then the third officer of the company.

The Town Records have the following : —

'&

•'At a meeting of the freemen of Hingham on the 18th day of October,
1675, on complaint made against Joseph the Indian and his family, who
were in the town contrary to the views of most of the inhabitants, and on
suspicion that he will run away to the enemy to our prejudice, therefore
the freemen at the said Town meeting passed a clear vote that the con-
stable forthwith seize the said Indian and his family, and carry them up
to Boston to be disposed of by the Governor and Council as they shall

see cause."

October 13, 1675, Hingham was ordered to pay ,£30 toward
carrying on the war. Besides this tax, the selectmen's records
show many allowances for arms lost, for money allowed the
soldiers, and suras voted for transporting them to Boston, and
various other military purposes, including an allowance for " lick-
ars" for the committee having some duty connected with the war.

In February, 1676, the selectmen forbade, under a penalty of
twenty shillings for each offence, any person from harboring or
entertaining any Indian within the limits of the town.

Early in February the little army of Massachusetts returned to
Boston, and the men were dismissed to their homes. But the
vigorous prosecution of the campaign by Philip in the very first

240 History of Hingham.

days of spring, his successful attack on one place after another,
together with the destruction of Captain Pierce, of Scituate, and
nearly all his command, while in pursuit of a body of Indians
near Scekonk, the burning of Marlborough, and the murders at
Long Meadow, all on March 26th, imperatively called for the
speedy reasscmblage of the troops, and for vigorous measures by
the three colonies. It would not be easy to overestimate the
anxiety and alarm at this time. Various plans were proposed,
and among them was that of building a continuous stockade from
Charles River to the Merrimac. This was only negatived because
of its magnitude. In the various towns the forts and garrison
houses were constantly occupied, and the utmost precaution taken
against surprise. May we venture, for the sake of the better
understanding of the time, to attempt one more sketch, outlined
by the recorded facts and the bits of tradition, but shaded and
filled in rather by the assistance of our general knowledge of the
people, the times, and the situation, than by any particulars of
the especial day ?

It is the 16th of April, and the Sabbath-day ; a bright, crisp
morning, but the sun is already softening the surface of the quiet
pools thinly skimmed, perhaps for the last time in the earlier
hours ; the frost coming out of the ground makes moist the
paths ; the brook at the foot of the meeting-house hill is dancing
with its swollen flood and sparkling in the sunlight, while over
and along it the pussy-willows are already nodding, and the red
maple's blossoms go sailing and tossing in the pools and eddies.
A little further up the stream the ever-graceful elms are begin-
ning to look fresh and feathery in their swelling and opening
buds, while on the slopes rising up from the valley the blossoms
of the wild cherry and the dogwood gleam white among the dark
trunks and branches of the oaks and the sombre shadows of the
evergreens. In the warm nooks the blue, and in the swampier
meadow the white violet breathes out the same faint sweetness
which in the same spots, two hundred years later, will delight the
school-children of another age, while above them the red berries
of the alder and the seed-vessels of last year's wdd roses give
brightness and color to the shrubbery not yet awakened to its
new life ; the bluebird, the song sparrow, and the robin twitter
in the branches, while a great black crow lazily flaps his way
across to the horizon ; possibly here and there, in some shaded
and protected places, the melting remnants of a late snow linger
yet, but in the clearings elsewhere the young grass has already
veiled the earth in fresh green. The furrows of the planting
fields show that the farmer has already commenced his prepara-
tion for the spring sowing, but some of the more distant lots tell
of the universal apprehension, for last autumn's stubble in them
still stands unmolested. The quiet of the Puritan Sabbath has
no fears for his highness the barnyard cock, whose clarion and

Military History. 241

cheery notes arc heard far and near, while faint columns and
blue wreaths of smoke rising here and there each mark the home
of a settler. Hours since, with the rising sun, Steven Lincoln
has beaten the drum, and the tired and half-frozen sentry has
been relieved and replaced by the " warde for the Lord's day ; "
the quaint, palisaded log building, with its belfry, which had
served so long as a house of worship, of a meeting place for pub-
lic conference, of refuge in alarm, of storage for ammunition, of
defence from danger, and which is getting old and must soon be
deserted, still stands overlooking the village, its doors wide open
for the nine o'clock service, and the clanging of its little bell
bidding the living to " remember the Sabbath day to keep it
holy," while to them under the little green mounds on the slope
between the two roads it tolls a requiem. Goodman Pitts, the
venerable sexton, still restrains with his watchful eye the small
boy and awes him into a temporary quiet, while the people move
decorously into their allotted places, the men and the women
each into their own parts of the house. See them as they come
picking out the best and dryest places between the deep ruts and
along the paths, now two or three abreast, and now in single
file, stretching along the ways leading to the meeting-house.
How sturdy the men look, with their belted coats and broad-
brimmed hats, and the inevitable musket, which each places
against the building or some neighboring tree before entering!
How cheery the goodwives seem, even in the midst of the gen-
eral anxiety, as they greet each other and pause for a word of
inquiry about the children — by no means few in number — who
are trailing along after ; and how sweet the Puritan maidens seem
to us as they glance shyly at the great rough lads, whom danger
and responsibility have so quickly transformed into manly young
soldiers. Here from the Plain comes John Bull, and his young-
wife, Goodman Pitts's daughter, bringing perhaps a message
and report to Captain Hobart from Lieutenant Smith, whose
watchful care for the fort keeps him away to-day. Indeed, many
a one is forced by the threatening peril to an unusual absence,
and the attendance will be strangely small. Still, most of the
people from the lower part of the town are on their way, though
with anxious hearts, and many a thought will wander from the
long sermon of the day to the little home, and every sound from
without will strain again the already weary ears. There, crossing
the bridge by the corduroy road, is John Langlee, leading his little
daughter Sarah, and talking by the way to young Peter Barnes ;
while close behind come Sergeant Thomas Andrews, with his wife
and six children ; and a few rods further back we see Mr. Samuel
Lincoln and Mrs. Lincoln, with their straight young son Samuel,
whose title of cornet is well deserved, and who is not only the
pride of his parents, but one of the heroes of the town for his
gallant part in the great Narragansett fight ; there, too, are his

VOL. I. — 16

242 History of Hingham.

brothers, and two or three of his little sisters, following as sol-
emnly as youth and a bright day will permit. Just stepping out
of his door is Benjamin Lincoln, whose wife, Sarah, with her
little son John and six-years-old Margaret, are stopping to greet
their uncles, John and Israel Fearing, who live next door.
Rounding the corner of Bachelor's Row, with a brisk stride and
erect carriage, we see Ensign John Thaxter, who has come down
from the fort on Fort Hill, where all seems tranquil, leaving Ser-
geant Daniel Lincoln in charge while he attends meeting and
holds a council of war with Captain Hobart. On his way we
presume he stopped at the garrison house at Austin's Lane to
speak a word of warning and make a kindly inquiry for Mrs.
Bate and the four-days-old girl ; and only a moment ago we saw
a sterner look as he sharply inquired of the luckless inmate of
the stocks what folly had made him a victim on this Sabbath
morning. Near a large tree upon the hill, and against whose
broad trunk rest half a dozen muskets, quietly awaiting Ensign
Thaxter, stands one of Hingham's two foremost citizens, the late
speaker of the House of Deputies and captain of the town forces.
Captain Hobart is sixty -two years of age, and among the darker
locks the gray hairs are thickly scattered, yet in his well-knit
figure there is little sign of age ; a strong, able, brave, wise man,
loaded with all the honors in the gift of his townsmen, faithful
for many years in their service, he is crowning his work by a care
and watchfulness which will save those whose confidence is so
well reposed in him from the horrors which have devastated so
many sister communities. Even now he might have been seen
coming along the path among the trees that runs between the
meeting-house and the central fort, the garrison of which latter
he has in part relieved for the services of the day.

As the soldier in long boots, short-belted coat and sword, with
his alert military air waits, we note the similarity and yet the
dissimilarity between him and the slightly bent and older figure
which in long cloak and buckled shoes is rather slowly mounting
the hill, though declining the proffered arm of Ensign Thaxter.
It is Parson Hobart himself, ten years the senior of his distin-
guished brother, and in disposition scarcely less a soldier. His
long ministry is drawing near its close, but there is little diminu-
tion in the sparkle of his eye or the vigor of his manner. We
can almost see the grave salute with which the Captain greets
the Elder, and the equal gravity with which it is returned ; we
seem to hear the brief inquiry and reply, after which the one
passes into the presence of his assembling congregation, while
the other remains for a short interview with his subordinate.

Within the house are the Hobarts, brothers and nephews of
the old parson, the Beals, Dr. Cutler, Joseph Church, Daniel and
Samuel Stodder, with numerous members of their large families,
Joseph Joy, Samuel Thaxter, and many others. Even now we

Military History. 243

can almost feel the uneasy restlessness which pervades the wor-
shippers. Many of the friends, usually so regular in their attend-
ance, are away in the forts and garrison houses, and all through
the sermon, probably several hours long, the thoughts of the
listeners wander, and the strained ears catch with apprehension
every unusual noise from without. We imagine, too, that when
at last Captain Hobart and Ensign Thaxter enter to join in the
service, neither will take their accustomed seats, but more likely
will remain near the door, and where perhaps the keen eye of
the commander can keep within view the muskets without, and oc-
casionally catch a glimpse of the " warde," moving from one point
of vantage to another. Meanwhile the latter, not perhaps sorry
to be in the open air this April morning, keeps eye and ear alert
for sign or sound of the wily foe. From the summit almost the
whole of the lower village can be seen. Across the glassy waters
of the inner bay, which, stretching away from his very feet, are
broken into several shady coves and dotted with islands, he is
following with ill-pleased attention a canoe paddled by an Indian,
who a moment later may be seen climbing the cliffs on the eastern
shore and losing himself in the forest paths which lead toward
Neck Gate Hill, from behind which a faint blue smoke rises and
fades slowly away. There on the southeastern slope, and nearly
at the foot of the hill, are the Avigwams of the little-trusted
countrymen of Philip who yet remain in the vicinity. This spot,
by tradition said to have been the last camping-place of the
Indian in Hingham, is comprehended in the property now owned
by Mr. T. T. Bouve, and called, from the fact and the configura-
tion of the land, " Indian Hollow." The smooth lawn of the
present clay shows no sign, but the plow would reveal a long and
broad line of disintegrating clam-shells, doubtless a shell-heap
of the former inhabitants, and several implements have been
picked up in the immediate vicinity which were formerly in
use by them. However, beyond a mental growl of dissatisfac-
tion at what he termed the folly of allowing the encampment
to remain, our sentry of 1676 could do nothing ; so, turning
towards the blue waters of the harbor, his eye falls upon the
ship-yard of William Pitts, the first one established in Hingham.
He watches, too, for a few moments the white sails of a West
Indiaman as she passes between Nantasket and George's Island
and thence towards Boston. Then he walks slowly over to the
new fort, and carefully scans the country in every direction as
far as the eye can reach and the forests permit. And so the
long hours pass away until the close of the service brings the
uneasy officers out of the meeting, first of all for a conference
with the watch, who, however, has little to report. And now
the worshippers are wending their way homeward, singly and in
groups, some discussing the weather, and others, it is probable,
commenting, like their descendants of later generations, upon

244 History of Hingham.

the sermon which they have just heard, while we may be sure all
are thankful to return once more to undespoiled homes. Others,
who come from a great distance, meet together and eat the frugal

CJ / CD CD

luncheon between the morning and afternoon service, while a
few, husband and wife, mount pillion fashion the horses which
have been awaiting the close of the services under the trees, and
ride to their homes.

As the rich glow of the setting sun crimsons the glassy harbor
and turns to gold the fleecy clouds of April, while the shadows
creep up from the valleys, the tap-tap and rattle and roll of
Steven Lincoln's drum sings the vespers of the Puritans, and
the Sabbath is over. Then comes the new watch, who being
properly instructed and posted begins his hours of vigil. The
garrisons are carefully looked to ; the orders for the night issued.
The poor victim of the stocks, if not before released, is now given
liberty. The restraints upon the children are relaxed, and during
the brief period of twilight secular pursuits are resumed ; the
cattle are seen to, the wood brought in, and the wide old-fashioned
fireplaces blaze and crackle with the long sticks, while above the
kettle hisses and sings and its cover rises and falls and rattles.
Here and there the tallow dip assists in its poor faint way ': the
busy housewife ply her evening care," and then an hour later, the
low thatched-roof cottages are wrapped in darkness, and the stars
shine out upon the town at rest. Only the half-chilled, weary
soldier on guard watches for the beacon, or listens for the signal
guns which shall call the men of Hingham to the aid of Nan-
tasket or Scituate or Weymouth, or awaken them to the defence
of their own wives and children and homes.

What a dreary duty it is, too, this waiting and fearing for the
dreaded warwhoop of the Indian in the still and lonesome hours
of the night. How the eye grows strained peering into the dark-
ness and the ear weary listening, and with what a nervous start
each new sound, each before unnoticed shadow is noted by the
young sentry moving among the aisles of the great trees on the
height overlooking the village ! What a relief, though all too
brief, is the visit of Captain Hobart, whose vigilance causes many
a restless and wakeful hour in these trying days ; and how doubly
appalling seems the solitude as the sound of the Captain's re-
treating steps die away in the distance, leaving the long hours until
dawn to be counted away alone, before whose coming the sentry's
breath shall more than once stop, while he hears the beating of
his own heart, at the imagined creeping form of an Indian.

The defences of Hingham and the preparation for the protection
of her inhabitants have already been described. Even in the
absence of other evidence, the comparative immunity of the settle-
ment from serious loss and the total failure on the part of the
Indians, almost constantly lurking in the vicinity, to effect any-
thing like a general surprise, would in themselves be strong

Military History. 245

indications of the ability and watchfulness of those responsible
for the safety of the town. The incidents attending the several
attempts upon it, and the intelligent location of the forts and
garrison houses, with their garrisons at this time made permanent,
the mutual support which they afforded each other, and the fact
tli at scarcely a house from Fort Hill to Broad Bridge, and thence
to South Hingham, was beyond the range of tire of one or more of
them, added to the vigilance which anticipated and forestalled
panic when the hour of peril and trial at last came, furnish indu-
bitable proof of the military instinct, knowledge, foresight, and
faithfulness of Joshua Hobart, John Smith, and John Thaxter.
Beyond question it is to this due that the two known attempts
against the town met with comparative failure ; of others, con-
templated but abandoned, owing to the thorough dispositions for
meeting them, we of course know little.

In this connection we recall the old tradition that Philip himself
was at one time concealed within our borders and awaiting per-
haps a favorable opportunity to make a descent. As the story
runs, he lay somewhere in the region known as the swamp, which
in those days extended with scarcely a break from Broad Bridge
to near the Weymouth line, and included the location of Round
Pond and the district known as Bear Swamp. The sagacious
chief probably concluded that the chance of success was too small
and the risk of severe loss too great to justify a movement against
the lower part of the town, and therefore prudently withdrew.
No amount of caution, however, could insure individual life or the
safety of isolated farms against the silence and celerity of the
Indian war parties. One of these, having perhaps eluded Captain
Jacob, whose small force could hardly hope to cover the long
frontier assigned to its care, was moderately successful at South
Hingham in bringing the terror and horrors of the war home to
our own firesides.

On Wednesday, the 19th of April, young John Jacob, who, as it
will be recalled, had served against Philip the previous autumn,
and had seen his brave captain fall before the fort of the Narra-
gansetts, took his gun and went out to shoot the deer that had
been trespassing upon "a field of buckwheat near his father's house
and not far from the site of the present Great Plain Meeting-house.
He was a famous hunter and of a lisrhting stock, and he had been
heard to declare that he would never be taken alive by the Indians.
Little did he dream that spring morning that his would be the
only blood ever shed by a public enemy upon the soil of his native
town.

The simple and brief accounts, with a little assistance perhaps
of the imagination, bring like a living panorama before us the
events, the homes, and the actors of that and the following day
in the far away time when our prosaic town was making a part of
the history which has become one of the romantic chapters of New

246 History of Hingham.

England's story. On this 10th of April, then, of the year 1676, and
shortly after the disappearance of Jacob, the sound of a musket
breaking the stillness and echoing against the "Teat solitary rock
that stands like a mighty monument in the field not far from the
travelled way, momentarily attracts the attention of the neighbors
whose habits of industry have overcome the general prudence, and
who had been enticed to a little early planting on the home lot.
Beyond the fleeting thought of their friend's success in his efforts
to chastise the mischievous destroyers of the winter wheat, the
incident attracts no attention, and soon passes from the minds of
the workers. With the lapse of considerable time, however, and
the continued absence of the hunter, there arises a fcelimr of
strained uneasiness; finally a search is made, and there beside his
gun, which has been battered to pieces, the young soldier lies
dead. The terrifying truth flashes across the searchers as they
tenderly and hastily bear their neighbor to his father's home.
The Indians are in Hingham and have been lying concealed during
the night near the wheat-field, and almost close to the homes of
the settlers! And now in an instant and from every side, out of
the calm and quiet of the village street there starts the life, the
uncontrolled excitement, the panic and terror of the community,
above and about whom the threatening horror of the tomahawk
and sealping-knife already seems to gleam, and before whose
fevered imagination come all too readily pictures of cruelty and
torture. The blanched faces of men and women alike, the cling-
ing fear of the children, the hurrying to the nearest garrison
houses of those not already therein, the exaggerated stories and
rumors, the cry "The Indians! the Indians!" rising above all other
sounds, repeated again and again, carrying consternation from
the Great Plain to the harbor, and falling upon the startled ear of
the farmer in the field and the wife in the kitchen, — how the
sights and the sounds of that dav thrill us throiiG.li these passed
centuries !

And soon we hear the sharp clanging of the little bell on the
meeting-house, the beat and roll and rattle of the drum, the sharp
reports of the three alarm muskets, and into the forts, the pali-
saded church, and the garrison houses come the streaming, hurry-
ing throng. We fancy we can see brave Joshua Hobart making,
calmly and sternly, his dispositions for defence, and even person-
ally visiting and instructing each sentry and urging to unceasing
vigilance; or brilliant John Thaxter ably seconding his chief, and
inspiring with confidence the garrisons at Austin's Lane and Fort
Hill; or John Smith cheering the people as they flock into the
protecting works on the common field. And there come be-
fore us, too, sturdy John Tower and his sons and "one or two
more persons," as his petition reads, holding his little fort and
covering a long section of the river and the homes of his neigh-
bors with his muskets, while he checks the panic with his plain,

Military History. 247

strong words. Nor is it possible to overlook the figure in the
long cloak, moving more slowly, it is true, than when speaking his
mind to the magistrates, but still with considerable vigor and the
natural grace of a man of superior mind and strong will ; every-
one recognizes immediately the venerable minister, and many a
word of hope and many an admonition to duty he speaks as he
passes among his people exerting his quieting influence upon them.
With our knowledge of his younger days, we cannot help thinking
that he had moments of impatience in the reflection that his age
and calling prevented a more active participation in the move-
ments against the enemy ; nor would it surprise us to learn that
Parson Hobart more than once thought, and even said, that if he
were Captain Hobart the military operations would be conducted
with more reference to an offensive policy. Be that as it may,
the latter's dispositions saved the town and the lives of those
whose safety was committed to his care.

Succeeding the first alarm there followed many weary hours
of anxictv and waiting. The dav, with its exciting rumors and
exaggerated stories, wore away, and a night of watchfulness,
with a terror hanging over the people huddled together in their
strange quarters difficult to picture, seemed interminable. Xor
was the dawn much more reassuring, for soon the smoke from the
burning homes of Joseph Jones and Anthony Spraguc " over the
river," and of Israel Hobart, Nathaniel Chubbuck, and James
Whiton rose into view from widely separated points on the south-
ern horizon, and added fresh consternation to the anxious
watchers. These fires, however, were the last acts of the Indians,
who abandoned the attack. The second visit was just one month
later, being the 20th of May. It was even more fruitless, and the
savages soon passed into Scituate, which thev largely destroved.

Oct. 12, 1676, the General Court ordered" " That Hingham be
allowed and abated out of their last tax rates towards their losses
by the enemy the sum of ten pounds."

The soldiers from Hingham appear to have been engaged in
some of the most arduous service of the war, for besides leading
the van in the great Narragansett fight, as already stated, we find
them serving under the immediate command of their old towns-
man, the brave Captain Church, on Martha's Vineyard and the
adjacent islands ; and it need not be said that service under that
officer was of the most active kind.

August the 12th Philip was killed at Mt. Hope and the war
closed, but the military preparations of the colony rather in-
creased than otherwise, and the towns as a necessary conse-
quence participated in the general activity. In 1679 a petition
for leave to form a small troop of horse in Hingham, Weymouth,
and Hull, signed by Captain Hobart and others, was granted, and
in June of the following year Ensign John Thaxter, whom we
have already seen as one of Captain Hobart's company officers,

248 History of Hingham.

and who earlier, in 1664, had served with such distinction in the
expedition against the Dutch in New York as to be " preferred
for," as the phrase runs, under orders of Cromwell, was commis-
sioned to its command, with Samuel White, probably of Wey-
mouth, as lieutenant, and Matthew Cushing as cornet, "so as the
said Matthew Cushing take the oath of freedom," which he
appears to have done. The same year Jacob Nash was appointed
quartermaster, and the new troop together with the rest of the
military in the town was attached to a new regiment under
Map Wm. Stoughton.

Sergt. Jeremiah Beale was appointed ensign of the foot com-
pany May 11, 1681, which remained under command of Captain
Hobart until his death in 1682, when the periodical trouble which
this company seems to have given the government whenever new
officers were to be chosen again called forth a sharp reproof, with
a reminder that an acknowledgment of error was expected. This
time the difficulty was over the desire of a part of the command
that Thomas Andrews be commissioned ensign instead of James
Hawke. The magistrates, however, disapproved of both, and
appointed Lieutenant Smith to be captain, Ensign Beale as
lieutenant, and Thomas Lincoln to be ensign.

A reminder of " The late Indian Warr," as the old State
paper terms it, is found in a grant dated June 4, 1685, as a re-
ward for services, to " Samuel Lvncolne and three more of Hing-
ham, and others of other towns, of land in the Nipmuck country."

Among the many interesting entries in Daniel Cushing's diaiy,
from which not a little of the town's history has become known,
is this : " 1688, Nov. 5th, soldiers pressed 11 to go against the
Indians." These men were perhaps a part of Sir Edmund Andros's
small army of eight hundred with which he marched to the
Penobscot, an expedition in which, it will be remembered, little
was accomplished of value.

April 18, 1689, Gov. Edmund Andros was arrested by the peo-
ple of Boston, who had risen against the tyranny and corruption
of his government. The next day the conduct of public affairs
was assumed by the Council of Safety, of which Bradstreet was
chosen president. On May 8th, acting doubtless under the orders
of this extraordinary body, the train band went to Boston where
on the ninth were gathered the representatives of forty-three
towns. Cushing's diary tells us that a town meeting was held
on the 17th to choose a member of the Council. The choice fell
upon Capt. Thomas Andrews, already distinguished in town
affairs, and who had been a representative in 1678. It was a
distinction wisely bestowed, and doubtless while performing the
delicate duties of his new office in a critical period, attention was
called to that ability which soon after gave him the distinguished
honor of being selected as one of the twenty-one captains ap-
pointed for duty with Sir Wm. Phips in his attempt at the reduc-

Military History. 249

tion of Canada. This officer, recently appointed high-sheriff of
New England, sailed from Boston early in the spring of 1690 for
Port Royal. The fort surrendered with hut little resistance, and
three weeks later Sir William returned to Boston to prepare for
the more ambitious attempt upon Quebec. August 9th, he sailed
with upwards of thirty vessels and two thousand Massachusetts
men, among whom were Captain Andrews, Lieutenant Chubbuck,
and other Hingham men ; how many we do not know-
October 5 the fleet dropped anchor beneath the castle which
was commanded by Frontenac, an old and distinguished French
officer. The attack commenced on the 8th, and was continued
during; the two following davs. when the colonial troops retreated
after suffering great loss. Sir William returned to Boston with
the remnant of his army and fleet, arriving there November 19.
At least one of our townsmen was killed in the attack upon
Quebec, while another, Isaac Lasell, died a few days after, proba-
bly uf wounds, while Paul Gilford, Samuel Judkins, Jonathan
Burr, Daniel Tower, and Jonathan May, and " two more of the
town " were carried off by the small pox, which broke out in the
fleet and added its misfortunes to the disasters of the expedition.
On the 25th of the month Captain Andrews succumbed to the
dreaded disease : a stone m the old Granary burying-ground
marks his last resting-place. The succeeding day Lieutenant
Chubbuck died also. This ill-fated attempt was followed by the
long struggle between France in the New World and New England
and the colonies south and west, which only terminated a few years
preceding the American Revolution. The history of the period is
that of exasperating and wasteful incapacity, oftentimes on the
part of British commanders in this country, of disastrous defeats, of
glorious victories, of cruelties on both sides which we would gladly
forget, of bravery, persistence, and enterprise by Massachusetts
men of which we may well be proud, and of final triumph, due in
very large measure to the arms of New England and the training
of a soldierv under the laws of our own and the neighboring
colonies which only made success possible. It is the history of
Louisburg, of Fort Necessity and its gallant young commander,
of Crown Point, Fort William Henry, Acadia and its piteous story,
Shirley and Winslow, Wolfe and Montcalm, and the Heights of
Abraham. During its telling we learn of Braddock's defeat, of
Ticonderoga, of Fort Frontenac ; we become acquainted with the
Howes, with Gage, Fraser, and a score of other English officers
who afterwards played a part in the contest with the mother
country. We first meet Washington and soon come to know why
none other could have been the future American commander ; we
see Gates and Putnam and Stark in their earlier days, while
Franklin and Otis already are shaping the legislation and destiny
of their respective States. During all this period, in all the wars,
and in nearly every battle fought in the North we shall find, on

250 History of Hingham.

sea and on land, the sons of Hingham creditably participating.
They are in the contest as soldiers, as officers, as councillors and
advisers, and in numbers which seem at times almost incredible
considering the probable population of the town. It is interest-
ing too, to note the individual names of those concerned in the
later French wars, and afterwards to observe the use to which so
many put the invaluable experience and knowledge then gained,
in the subsequent service of the Revolution.

The extremely small scale, as compared with modern days,
upon which financial matters were carried on by the town in
connection with its military interests, will doubtless have been
observed. An interesting illustration is afforded by an entry in
the Selectmen's Records of 1691, as follows : —

The first clay of July, 1691, then received by the Selectmen of Hing-
ham tenn pounds in silver money of Mr. Daniell dishing. Sen., of Hing-
ham. which hee, the said Daniell Cushimr. lend to the Country for the
carving one the present expedition against the Common enemys of the
Country and is to have it payd to him, his heirs, exexutors, administrators,
or asigns, in silver money on or befor the last day of September next
insuing the dat hearof.

Cushing's diary, under date of July 14, 1694, says that
" Edward Oilman was pressed to be a soldier to go out against
the French army," and under date of October 29 of the same year
we are informed " that Edward Oilman came home out of the
country's service." This small draft from Hingham, if indeed it
was all, was probably her proportion of the force raised to meet
the barassing and incessant incursions of the Indians, incited by
the French, which for the ten closing years of the century left
no peace to the colony, and which had for its principal episode
in that year the attack on Groton, July 27th. Captain John
Smith, who died in 1695, was probably succeeded in the command
of the company by Thomas Lincoln, who had long served as an
officer, having been an ensitrn as earlv as 1681. At all events we
find in the town records of 1697-98, the following : —

The town stock of ammunition is in the hands of the 3 commanders of
Divs. viz., Capt. Thomas Lincoln 1 bbl. of powder and 198 weight of
bullets and 260 flints : to Lieut. David Hobart, 1 bbl. of powder and 200
and a half of bullets, gross weight, & 260 flints : to Ensign James
Hawks 1 bbl. powder & 190 weight of bullets, net, and 260 Hints.

In 1702 a second company was formed in that part of Hingham
which is now Cohasset, and which been me what was formerly
known as the Second Precinct.

In 1722 the colony declared war, owing to exasperating Indian
depredations upon Ipswich and other places, and among the
names of men serving under Captain Ward, of Scarboro', are

Military History. 251

those of John Murphy, a corporal, and Edmund Moorey, or
Mooncy, both of Hingham.

Murphy was again found serving against the French on behalf
of Hingham in 1725, — this time upon a small vessel of which
Lieut. Allason Brown was commander.

Among the many conferences held with the Indians of Maine
in the endeavor to secure the safety of the settlements, was one
bv Governor Belcher, at Falmouth, in Casco Bay, in 1732, at
which he was accompanied, as would appear from an account
found in the Thaxter papers, by Col. Samuel Thaxter, Rev.
Nathaniel Eells, and Ebenezer Gay. Colonel Thaxter was a
very prominent and trusted citizen, was colonel of the regiment
in which Bingham's companies were included, and held many
important offices. Among these was that of one of his Majesty's
Council, in which capacity probably he acted as adviser to the
Governor. On one occasion, while moderator of a meeting,

he was grossly insulted by Cain, who dared him to fight.

Colonel Thaxter quietly ordered the constable to remove Cain.
The meeting being concluded, however, Cain obtained all the
fight he wished, for Colonel Thaxter found him, and administered
a severe thrashing. It is probably safe to assume that, although
frequently moderator of the town meetings, Colonel Thaxter was
never subsequently troubled by personal challenges. This inci-
dent recalls to mind the fact, that with the occupation of the
new meeting-house of 1(381, there followed the uses to which the
earlier building had been applied, and that not only were the town
meetings held in the same place as the religious services, but
that the military character of the old belonged, at least to a
degree, to the new building also. We should find in searching
the yellow and stained records of the selectmen for the year 1736,
an account of an inquiry made by those officials into the amount
and places of deposit of the town's ammunition, and the discovery
that in Colonel Thaxter's hands was a barrel of powder weighing
two hundred pounds, two hundred and sixty-three pounds of
bullets, and a thousand Hints, besides a large amount held by
Capt. Thomas Loring, and considerable by Mr. Jacob Cushing,
all of which, together with other purchased by the town, " we
removed into the ammunition house made in the meeting-house
of the first parish in Hingham." In the absence of other infor-
mation, this record may justify the inference that Captain Loring
then commanded one of the Hingham companies. Of this, how-
ever, there is no certainty. Captain Loring represented the town
at one time in the General Court, and from his son Benjamin are
descended some of the present Hingham Lorings.

During the colonial period there were two expeditions, at least,
by Great Britain against the Spanish possessions in the "West
Indies in which Xew England actively participated, and in which,
almost as a matter of course, men from Hingham served. The

252 History of Hingham.

first of these was in 1740, when Governor Belcher received orders
to enlist a force to be sent to Cuba to the relief of Admiral Ver-
non, who was in need of reinforcements. Among the five hundred
soldiers recruited in Massachusetts, there is much reason to
believe that quite a number were recruited in Ilingham. The
rolls are, however, not only very imperfect in other respects, but
they fail entirely to name the towns from which men served.
We know, however, that among the officers was Lieut. Joshua
Barker, who had declined a captaincy, and who now went as
second in the company commanded by Captain Winslow, Lieu-
tenant Barker was one of the very few survivors of this ill-fated
expedition, in which, it will be recollected, was Lawrence Wash-
ington and a Virginia contingent. The forces of Massachusetts
and Virginia together stormed the castle of Carthagena, the prin-
cipal town of the Spanish Main in New Granada. The place was
not taken, however, and the expedition was a dismal failure. It
is said that only fifty of the men from Massachusetts returned.
Lieutenant Barker afterwards, as Captain Barker, served in nil
the wars of his country from this time until 1762, when he was
again engaged in the second and more successful attack upon
the Spanish West Indies. He held a commission in the British
service, and was a kind and able man. He resided upon the
spot where now stands the Hingham Bank.

There was also a Nathaniel Chubbuck in this service, who may
have been a townsman.

On the night of September 30, 1741, a number of the Spanish
prisoners escaped from Boston with a large sail-boat. As they
were armed, great fear was felt for the safety of the New Eng-
land coasting vessels, and Capt. Adam dishing, formerly one of
HinghanVs selectmen, and now an able officer, was ordered in
pursuit, with special instructions to search the creeks of Hing-
ham and Wevmouth. There remains no account of his success
or otherwise.

In 1740. a division of the town into the wards whose limits
remain unchanged to this day took place, and it is interesting to
note that this division was solely for military purposes, and that
the ward boundaries were merely those of the several companies,
which the town thereafter maintained. At this time Cohasset,
which had been made the second precinct in 1702, continued to
be so designated, while the third comprised what is now known
as the middle ward, embracing that part of the town south of the
town brook, as far as Cold Corner, the remainder lying in the
former fourth, now the south ward. The first, or north ward,
then as now, embraced the country north of the brook. The first
powder-house in Hingham was built by the town in 1755. It
stood a little north and nearly on the site of the New North Meet-
ing-house. Afterwards it was removed to Powder-house Hill, near
where Mr. Arthur Hersev's house now is, off Hersev street.

Military History. 253

Frequently in the archives of the State and of the various
towns there are references to the " Old French War," to the " Ex-
pedition to the Eastward," to the " Expedition to Cape Breton,"
and to the " Capture of Louisburg." The expressions are all
rather misleading, because they were, and unfortunately still
occasionally are, indiscriminately used in referring to each of the
several attempts made at different times upon the French pos-
sessions in the northeast provinces, or to either of the several
wars between France and England in America subsequent to
1700. The mischief of the expressions becomes the greater
when leading, as it sometimes does, to historical errors. Indeed,
it is to this cause that the accurate placing of a number of our
own citizens, as to the time and place of service, becomes impos-
sible. The expression "Old French War" — and indeed the
others mentioned also — more generally and more properly relate
to the events in North America between the years 1744 and 1748,
during which occurred that wonderful New England military
expedition and crusade which resulted in the capture by some
four thousand men, assisted by the English fleet, of the strongest
fortified city in the New World, and which was considered capable
of resisting an army of thirty thousand. In the limits of a local
history it is impossible to give even the outlines of this romance
of New England's arms. We can only tell the very little of
which we have any record concerning our own townsmen's con-
nection with the brave Sir William Pepperell, and Commodore
Warren, and the officers and men who sailed from Boston in
March, 1745, and entered as victors the " Dunkirk of America"
on the 17th of June following. It is most unfortunate that the
rolls of these troops are lost from the State archives, and that
such as exist in the possession of the Massachusetts Historical
Society are not only very imperfect, but are comparatively value-
less, from the fact that the places from which the men enlisted
are not given. It is probably owing to this that we are enabled
to give the names of only a few as serving from Hingham. These
are Thomas Lewis, Ralph Smith, and Edward Ward.

Among a number who signed a voluntary agreement to engage
in a hazardous attempt to storm the Island battery in the harbor
of Louisburg, we find the name of Ebenezer Beal, presumably a
Hingham man. Israel Gilbert, who died later in the service, is
said to have been a soldier in the " Old French War."

Samuel Lincoln and John Stephenson were also at Louisburg
in some capacity, and received pay for assisting in " wooding the
garrison." The following were also soldiers at Louisburg, and
there can be little doubt were Hingham men ■ John Lewis,
Joshua Lasell, Thomas Jones, Samuel Gilbert, and John Wilder.

By the terms of the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, concluded in
1748, Louisburg was surrendered to the French, and the work of
taking it had subsequently to be done again.

254 History of Hingham.

The peace was, at least in America, more nominal than real,
and the usual encroachments of each party upon the claimed
possessions of the other, with all the attendant barbarities of
border war, recommenced almost with the signing of the treaty.
Nevertheless, the fifty years' conflict between the civilization and
aims of the Saxon and the civilization and aims of the Latin
was drawing to its close, and the year 1754 saw the beginning of
the end. In the South its first notes were heard in the conflict
between the Virginians under Washington and the French on the
Ohio ; in the North the real signal was the march of an army of
eight hundred Massachusetts men, under Gen. John Winslow, to
secure by forts the passes from Quebec to New England, although
negotiations were carried on between France and England even
months later for an amicable settlement of all disputes between
them. General Winslow fortified several places on or near the
Kennebec. In his regiment, in Capt. John Lane's company, were
Sergeant Elijah Cushing, Ephraim Hall, and Isaac Larrabee, of
Hingham.

Engaged in this same expedition probably, was the sloop
" Mermaid," of eighty -live tons, of which Samuel Lincoln was
master, Samuel Johnson mate, and Charles Clapp and James
White were sailors. Clapp's residence is unknown. The others,
as well as the sloop, undoubtedly belonged in Hingham. Samuel
Lincoln was styled Captain in later life.

In the spring of the following year, negotiations having been
broken off in December, troops and transports began to arrive
from England, and in April Shirley and the other colonial gov-
ernors met Braddock in consultation. The events which fol-
lowed can be scarcely more than named. Parkman, in his
" Montcalm and Wolfe," has related them with a charm and
grace which give to the hard facts of history the enchantment
of romance.

Yet with many, perhaps nearly all, of the occurrences in
the North and East, Hingham was so closely and intimately
connected, through the very large number of her sons Avho
participated in them, that some brief explanations, expanding
occasionally into narrative of what has elsewhere been better
told, may be allowable here. If the rolls of participants in the
first taking of Louisburg were incomplete, and the numbers
serving from this town were apparently meagre, the fulness of
the former and the length of names making up the latter, which
are to be found in the Commonwealth's papers, at once sur-
prise and gratify, although the task of eliminating repetitions
in the different returns, and crediting the men properly to the
places to which they belonged, is extremely difficult. After the
death of General Braddock, Governor Shirley, of Massachusetts,
became for the time the commander of the British forces in
America, and among the several expeditions planned by him was

Military History.

255

one having in view the capture of Crown Point on Lake Cham-
plain. To this end a large number of men were recruited in New
England, New York, and New Jersey, the burden, as usual, fall-
ing principally upon Massachusetts, which voted both troops and
money with a liberal hand. To William Johnson, afterwards
knighted for his services, was given the command. On Sep-
tember 8, Baron Dieskau, with a force of French and Indians,
attacked Johnson near the head of Lake George, but was
defeated. The attempt upon Crown Point was however aban-
doned for the time, and the troops went into winter quarters at
Fort William Henry. For this expedition there was enlisted in
Hingham a company commanded by Capt. Samuel Thaxter, and
attached to Col. Richard Gridley's regiment. A note in Hon.
Solomon Lincoln's private copy of the " History of Hingham "
says that this company marched September 23, 1755, with fifty-
live men, and that they were at Fort Edward. Besides the
Hingham men there were undoubtedly many from Weymouth
and other towns in the neighborhood.

Those from Hingham were

Samuel Thaxter, captain,
Thomas Gill, Jr.. sergeant,
Samuel Joy, clerk,
Thomas Hollis, corporal,
Lot Lincoln, corporal,
Hosea Dunbar, corporal,
Nehemiah Blancher, private,
Thomas Chubbuck,
Joseph Carrel,
Joseph Dunbar,
Seth French,
Thomas Hearsey,
Mathias Hartman,

a
a

Joseph Jones, private,
Joseph Lyon, "

Silas Lovell,
Geo. McLaughlin, "
William Magnor. "
Richard Newcoinb, "
John Sprague, "

Stephen Saulsbury, "
Benjamin Tirrell, "
Abel Wilder,
Jonathan Whitton, "
Samuel Trask, "

In the mean time the expedition which finally resulted in the
Acadian tragedy had been planned by Gov. Shirley, and sailed
from Boston May 22, 1755. It consisted, in the main, of some
two thousand men, under the immediate command of its lieu-
tenant-colonel, John Winslow, Shirley himself being its nominal
colonel. On the 1st of June the fleet and transports anchored
off Beausejour, the French fort at the small isthmus connecting
Nova Scotia with the main land, and on the 16th the fort and
garrison surrendered to the English. Within a few days after, all
of Acadia fell into British hands. Then followed the removal of
the unhappy people of this province from their homes, and their
dispersion among the English colonies from Massachusetts to
Georgia. The sad story has been the subject of poetry and
romance ; the best and most just account is to be found in Park-
man's pages, but there are local associations with the events
whose relation properly belongs here. One of the most inter-

256 History of Hingham.

esting of these is that Joseph Blake, whose father had been a
resident of Hingham, was, although but sixteen years of age, an
officer under Colonel Winslow, and was sent with a detachment
of the French Neutrals, as the Acadians were called, to this
town.

Lieutenant Blake, who afterwards came to live here, went to
Crown Point the next year as an officer in Major Thaxter's com-
pany. Little is known concerning the Acadians who came here ;
even their names are for the most part unrecorded and forgotten.
They were, however, generally very poor, and worked at almost
any employment obtainable. Some of them were for a time
lodged in the old Hersey house on Summer Street, now the prop-
erty of A. H. Hersey and Mrs. Andrew, where within a few
years a window was preserved upon whose small panes some of
the exiles had scratched their names or initials with the stone
in a ring belonging to one of them. In the field near this old
house, so tradition says, these poor unfortunates were in the
habit of meeting, to hold, in quiet and peace, religious services
in the faith of their youth and their homes.

Another family occupied a part of the old dishing house at the
foot of the Academy Hill ; and still another what is generally
called the Welcome Lincoln residence at West Hingham. The few
names that remain to us of these people are as follows : Joseph
and Alexander Brow, Charles, Peter, and John Trawhaw, and
Anthony Ferry. Beyond the inhumanity of their expatriation,
the treatment of the Acadians by the people of New England was
often kind, and even sympathetic. Without a country, separated
from the neighbors and friends with whom they had spent all their
happy days, in some cases members even of their own families
lost to their knowledge, their sunny homes destroyed, their lands
forfeited to the stranger, deprived of the ministrations of their
religion, hearing always a foreign tongue, seeing always un-
familiar faces, watched, suspected, trammelled, poor, their condi-
tion, let us be thankful, was at least not aggravated by extreme
bodily suffering, or by the coldness, neglect, and indifference of
their conquerors. Indeed, many of those who reached Canada
looked back with longing eyes towards the land of the Puritans,
where a kinder welcome and more generous charity softened their
hard lot than that given by their compatriots.

The town records of Hingham contain many entries showing
liberal disbursements for the benefit of such of these people as
were in want ; and in the volumes devoted to the French Neutrals
in the State archives, are several accounts allowed by the Province
of Massachusetts Bay to the town for money expended in their
behalf. Among these is the following in relation to a family
which came here Nov. 29, 1755 : —

.

JOSEPH BLAKE.

Military History. 257

Province of Massachusetts Bay.

Suffolk ss.

To the Honble Josiah Willard Esq. Secretary

In pursuance of an act of the Great and Gen1 Court of the Province
aforsd, the following is the account of the Selectmen of the town of Hing-
hain in the County aforsd of their expense in the support of the French
called Neutrals late Inhabitants of Nova Scotia sent to said town by order
of the Committee appointed to dispose of the same, the family sent to
sd town wei-e Anthony Ferry & wife & five small children and one single
woman in all Eight, this accompt is from the First day of June 17.36 to
the tenth day of Novr 1756 for tools & provisions &c is twelve pounds
fourteen Stirling and four pence

£12: 11: 4

Daniel Beal ^ Selectmen
Enoch Lincoln V of The Town
Joseph Thaxter ) of Hingham.

This family was subsequently increased by the arrival of an
aged mother and by the birth of another child. The Ferrys were
removed to Boston in 17(30 by order of the committee. Some of
the old diaries contain references to the employment, from time
to time, of one or another of the Acadians, about the farm-work
then in hand. Here are a few extracts : —

1760 April 18 Two French boys for husking corn

May 23 Employed the Frenchmen. Charge them with 38 lbs. Salt

Beef Joseph Brow, Alexander Brow, Charles Trawhaw, Peter Trawhaw,

John Trawhaw.

Oct 28 Employd the old Frenchman Alexander Brow and Peter

Trawhaw also the other Brows and Trawhaws at Husking for several days

The fate of these families is lost in the obscurity of history.
It is probable that they entirely died off or removed from Hing-
ham, for no descendants of any of them are known to exist.

Among the men impressed and enlisted by Colonel Lincoln out
of his regiment for service in Canada in 1759, were, besides
Lieutenant Blake, Capt. Jotham Gay and Gideon Hayward, of all
of whom he speaks as having been in the Nova Scotia expedition
of 1755. Whether there were others or not is not known, as the
rolls of Winslow's troops are not to be found.

After a year of open hostility, England on the 18th of May, and
France on the 9th of June, 1756, at last declared war. The
capture of Crown Point was by no means abandoned, but the
French during the interval had constructed a powerful defence at
Ticonderoga, and this too was included in the objects of a new
expedition planned by Shirley, who chose John Winslow for its
leader. Before the campaign commenced Shirley was removed and
the command was first given to General Abercromby, who arrived
in June, and then to the Earl of Loudon, who came in July.

VOL. I. — 17

258 History of Hingham.

In the mean time the raising of the new army went on, The
method was to call for volunteers, but if the requisite number did
not appear a draft was made, by the colonels of the militia regi-
ments, of enough men to supply the deficiency. This will explain
some facts to be hereafter related. A bounty of six dollars was
offered to stimulate enlistments, and the pay of private soldiers
was one pound and six shillings a month. If a man brought a
gun his bounty was increased two dollars. If not, one was sup-
plied, for which he was to account, as well as for powder-horn,
knapsack, canteen, blanket, etc. Subsequently a coat of blue
cloth, a soldier's hat, and breeches of red or blue were supplied.
Probably this was the first American force of any considerable
size wearing a uniform, although some regiments had done so
previously ; it will be noted that the color was the same which
has since become enshrined in the affections of the armies of the
republic who have succeeded these troops. The regiments gen-
erally were composed of ten companies of fifty men each. Besides
their rations each man was promised and insisted upon having, a
gill of rum daily. The troops mustered at Albany, and soon
encamped a short distance up the Hudson.

One of the regiments was commanded by Richard Gridley,
afterwards conspicuous for his services at Bunker Hill ; its major
was Samuel Thaxter, who, in accordance with the custom of the
time, was also captain of a company. This latter was from Hing-
ham. There are several rolls in existence at different periods of
its service. The first bears date of May 4, 1756, and contains the
following names of men from this town : —

'»

Samuel Thaxter, major and captain, Robert Tower,

Joseph Blake, lieutenant, Win. Hodge,

Jeremiah Lincoln, ensign. James Fearing,

Jonathan Smith, Knight Sprague, Jr.,

Caleb Leavitt. Daniel Stoddard,

George McLaughlin, Abel Wilder,

Elijah White, Joseph Loring,

Joshua Dunbar, George Law,

Israel Gilbert, Joshua French.
Thomas Slander,

A roll of about the same time added the names of
Thomas dishing, Zebulon Stodder.

Another roll, bearing date Oct. 11, 1756, gives the following
names of Hingham men, in addition to those previously mentioned :

Noah Reals, George Lane,

Isaac Gross, John Lincoln.

We also learn from it that Ensign Lincoln was killed or taken :
an account of his capture and escape is given later ; that John

Military History. 259

Canterbury, Joshua Dunbar, Israel Gilbert, Wm. Holbrook, George
Ranclallwining, Thomas Slander, Josiah Tourill, Robert Tower,
and Elijah White were already dead in the service, while Jona-
than Smith, James Fearing, Wm. Hodge, and Wm. Jones were
sick at Albany or elsewhere.

The men might well be sick, if the accounts of regular British
officers of the camps of the New England troops are not exagger-
ated. Lieut. -Colonel Burton describes them as dirty beyond de-
scription, especially that at Fort William Henry ; he speaks more
favorably of the camp at Fort Edward, but says that, generally
speaking, there were almost no sanitary arrangements, that
kitchens, graves, and places for slaughtering cattle were all
mixed, that the cannon and stores were in great confusion, the
advance guard was small, and little care taken to provide against
surprise. The several chaplains in the camp present a similar
moral picture of the army. Meanwhile, on the 14th of August,
Oswego surrendered to the French, and all thoughts of the
capture of Ticonderoga or Crown Point were, for the time,
abandoned. Of the miserable jealousies of the colonies, the dis-
graceful failures of a campaign conducted by twelve hundred
thousand people against eighty thousand, and the lessons it teaches
of the superiority in military matters of an army over a mob, of
the trained soldier over the political civilian, only the briefest
mention can be made. The summer and autumn of 1756 fur-
nishes a striking illustration, and perhaps an unusually pointed
one ; for here were men, many of them, used to discipline, and
experienced in more than one war, sacrificed to the lack of
methods, discipline, and leadership, indispensable in the success-
ful conduct of war. The opposite of all this was true in the
French camps, and the results were equally different.

Loudon had ten thousand men posted from Albany to Lake
George. Of these about three thousand provincials were at the
lake under Winslow, with whom was Gridley and his regiment.
Montcalm was at Ticonderoga with an army of about five thou-
sand regulars and Canadians.

On the 19th September, Captain Hodges, of Gridley's command,
and fifty men were ambushed a few miles from Fort William
Henry by Canadians and Indians, and only six escaped.

Bougainville, aide-de-camp to Montcalm, who was with the
expedition says that out of fifty -three English, all but one were
taken or killed; he adds that a mere recital of the cruelties com-
mitted on the battle-field by the Indians made him shudder.
Among the dead was Captain Hodges, and undoubtedly also Israel
Gilbert, Thomas Slander, Elijah White, and Robert Tower;
Ensign Jeremiah Lincoln, then apparently a lieutenant, was, with
others, captured. These men all belonged to Major Thaxter's
company.

Mr. Lincoln, in the history of the town, says that a man named
Lathrop, who also belonged here, was killed at the same time.

260 History of Hingham.

Lieutenant Lincoln was taken to Quebec, where, after spending the
winter, he made his escape in the night with three others. Two
of these became so exhausted that they went to surrender to the
French at Crown Point, while Lincoln and his companion finally
reached Fort Edward after great suffering, during which they
were obliged to subsist upon the bark of trees.

In November the army dispersed, leaving a small garrison at
Lake George. The provincials returned to their homes, while the
English regulars were billeted in different parts of the country ;
those at Boston being sent to Castle William.

To the lists alreadv given as servine; in the Crown Point armv,
there should be added the following taken from a note in Mr.
Lincoln's private copy of his history : —

Ralph Hassell, John Blancher,

James Hayward, Jonathan Taunt,

Seth Stowers, Jedediah Newcomb.
Elijah Lewis,

Engaged also in this service was the Hingham sloop "Sea
Flower," commanded by John Cushing, a brother-in-law of Gen-
eral Lincoln. Here is a copy of a paper at the State House : —

A Portledge Bill of sloop Sea Flower. Jno Cushing master and sailors
in His Majesty's Service in the Crown Point Expedition

1756
Jno Cushing master Sept 30

Jn° Burr mate
Seth Davis pilot
Samuel Tower sailor
Timothy Covell "
Isaiah Tower "

Joseph Blake "

To hire of Sloop Sea Flower 74 tons at 2 s per ton a month from Sept
30 1756 to Dec 15

On the back of this is an acknowledgment by Benjamin Lincoln
for Capt. John Cushing of the receipt of 27 2.3 £.

Captain Cushing married Olive, daughter of Colonel Lincoln,
and resided at South Hingham. John Burr, his mate, at this time
lived on Leavitt street. Samuel and Isaiah Tower were brothers.
Besides all these, Isaac Joy served in Colonel Gridley's own com-
pany, and Robert Townsend, Jr., in Captain Read's company, in
Colonel Clapp's regiment. Mr. George Lincoln says that Nehemiah
Joy was also in the service at Lake George.

The next year Loudon with the best of the army sailed from
New York for Halifax, leaving Lake George comparatively un-
guarded, with the hope of taking Louisburg, — an expedition, by
the way, that proved a total failure. Meanwhile Montcalm gath-
ered an army at Ticonderoga, and by the end of July he had

Military History. 2G1

eight thousand French, Canadians, and savages encamped there.
Parkman gives a wonderful picture of this army and its march
towards Fort William Henry. On the third of August it appeared
before the fort, which was commanded by Lieut.-Colonel Monro, a
Scotch veteran. With him were twenty-two hundred men in-
cluding eight hundred from Massachusetts, under Colonel Frye,
who arrived on the first of the month. The siege began on the
fourth, while General Webb at Fort Edward did nothing but send
to the colonies for militia which could by no possibility arrive in
time. They however made the attempt, even as far as from east-
ern Massachusetts. After a brave defence the garrison surren-
dered, and the next day, the tenth, occurred the frightful
massacre of the prisoners, which has cast the only serious stain
upon the character of Montcalm.

\n the intrenched camp where they had passed the night,
and as they were about to march under escort for Fort Ed-
ward, the English army with many women and children were
startled by the warwhoop of the Indians. Immediately the hor-
rible butchery commenced. Probably towards a hundred were
slain, and some two hundred carried into captivity. Among the
latter was Zebulon Stodder, whom Colonel Lincoln writes of
under date of July 25, 1758, as being heard from in Canada.
Knight Sprague escaped after being partially stripped. In an
account afterwards he said that fifteen out of fifty of the company
to which he belonged were killed that day. His captain was
stripped naked, as were many soldiers and women he passed in
his Might towards Fort Edward. Sprague's captain was probably
still Major Thaxter, although we have no roll of the company at
this time. Major Thaxter was stripped of his clothing, bound to
a tree, and about to be roasted alive, when he was saved by a
French officer. Seth Stowers, who subsequently became a captain
in the Revolutionary service, at the commencement of the attack
upon the prisoners stuffed his coat with articles of clothing taken
from the military stores, and darted into the woods. He was
immediately pursued by a number of the Indians. As the fore-
most got dangerously near, he would throw some of his burden as
far as possible to one side. The greed of his pursuers for plun-
der was so great, that they would stop to recover the abandoned
garment, thus enabling him to gain slightly upon them. Re-
peating the ruse as long as the articles held out finally gave him
sufficient advantage to elude pursuit. Other Hingham men who
• ■scaped death were Thomas Gill, Thomas Burr, and Elijah Lewis;
there were probably many more. Thomas Burr became a lieuten-
ant in the company commanded by Capt. Peter Cushing in the
Revolution, and Elijah Lewis was also a soldier in that war, as
were Lot Lincoln and Thomas Hersey, both previously named as
on Captain Thaxter's rolls, Hersey becoming a captain in the
service of the patriot army.

A list of the Hingham men not included in the surrender, be-

262 History of Hingham.

longing to Major Thaxter's company, is as follows ; the men
were probably on some detail away from the fort : —

Johnson Anderson, Benjamin Joy,

James Caunidy, Stephen Randall,

Joseph Dwelly, Freeman Smith,

James Hayward, Joshua Bates.

Another account gives the name of Townsend Smith.

To these lists there should be added a list of invalids, whom
Lieutenant Blake reported as belonuinu; to Uimrham and able to
march, and who were probably members of Thaxter's company.
The date is June, 1757, and it is not unlikely that these men were
at Fort William Henry and included in the surrender. It would
appear from Knight Sprague's account that a large proportion of
the company were murdered, and this may explain the fact that
little more appears to he known concerning them. They were
as follows : —

George Phillips, Benjamin Sampson.

Moses Bradbury, Reuben Donnells,

James Bunker, Dennis Morrison,

James Brayman, Samuel Winchester.

Major Samuel Thaxter, scarcely less famous than his able
grandfather Col. Samuel Thaxter, was a brave soldier as well as
a prominent and trusted citizen in civil affairs. He was reported
in Hingham as having lost his life in the massacre which followed
the surrender, and a funeral sermon was preached by Dr. Gay.
After the sermon Mr. Caleb Bates was engaged in driving his
cows at Hockley, when whom should he meet but the Major him-
self coming home on horseback. Throwing up both hands in
astonishment, Mr. Bates exclaimed, " Good God, Major, is that
you ? Why, we have just buried you ! "

Major Thaxter was a quick-tempered and kind-hearted man.
On one occasion he got into considerable trouble by killing some
of his neighbors' dogs, who were worrying deer driven into the
town by a severe storm. He had a number of children, among
them Dr. Gridley Thaxter, doubtless named after his old colonel,
who served with credit in the Revolutionary army. The Thaxter
home was on North Street ; and not far from him, after the war,
came to live his old commander, Gen. John Winslow, and his lieu-
tenant, Joseph Blake. General Winslow resided until his death
on Main Street, where is now the house of Mr. John Sidors. The
church-bells tolled when his body was removed to Marshfield. Lieu-
tenant Blake lived where the Bassett house is, opposite the Old
Meeting-house on Main Street; his son Joshua was a lieutenant
in the United States navy. We can imagine that these three old
veterans spent many an hour together in the after years, recalling
the stirring events of the last French and Indian war.

Military History.

203

To General Webb's request for militia to march to the relief of
Fort William, there was immediate response from the colonies,
and Massachusetts especially wasted no time in getting a large
number of men into the held. We already know the uselessness
of the effort ; indeed, Monro had already capitulated several days
before the troops from eastern New England started ; although
this was of course not known until later. Upon receipt of the
necessary orders, Col. Benjamin Lincoln commanding the third
Suffolk regiment, at once detached from his command the com-
pany in Hingham commanded by Ebenczcr Deal, and started it
on the march the 15th of August. The roll of Hingham men in
the company was as follows : —

Ebenezer Beal, Capt.,
Daniel Lincoln, Lieut.,
Benjamin Gushing, Ensign,

Joseph Stowers, Sergt.,
John Fearing, "
John Blancher, "
Obadiali Lincoln, "
David Farrow, Corp.,
John Keen, "

Elisha Tower, Jr., '•'
Abijah Whiten, Drum.,
Peter Lincoln, Private,
Obadiali Stowell, "
Joshua Remington,
Matthew Lincoln,
Ezra French,
Philip Nye,
David Waterman,
Ephraim Marsh,
William Murch,
Isaac Gross,
Consider Jones,
Jotham Loring,
Isaac Burr,
Ignatius Orcutt,
Nath11 Lincoln,
Isaac Lincoln, Jun.,

Xath11 Stodder,
Daniel Tower,
Solo: Dunbar,
Sam1 Dunbar,
David Wilder,
Zach Loring,
Sam1 Gill, Jun.,
Joseph Sprague,
Asa Burr,
John Wilent,
John Wheelwright,
John Pratt,
Calvin dishing,
Price Pritchart,
Jacob Beal,
Frederick Bate,
Job Tower,
Simeon Bate,
Hosea Orcutt,
Benjamin Beal,
Japhet Hobart,
Elisha Lincoln.
Micah Nichols,
Nehemiah Jov,

There was also a company containing a number of Hingham
men, under the command of ' Capt. Ebenezer Thayer of Braintree,
in Colonel Lincoln's regiment, which marched at the same time.
Their names were : —

Stephen Gushing, Lieut.,

David Cushine, Cornet,
Noah Nichols, Corporal, Joseph Gushing, Private,

Benjamin Thaxter, " Thomas Barker, u

204 History of Hingham.

David Lincoln, Private, Lot Lincoln, Private,

Thomas Lothrop, " Joseph Loring, "

John Burr, " Caleb Joy, "

Uriah Oakes, " Obadiah Beal, "

Benjamin Garnet, "

It will be recalled that soon after the termination of the war
with Philip, permission was granted to Capt. Joshua Hobart,
and others, to form a small troop of horse in Hingham, Wey-
mouth, and Hull, and that John Thaxter became its first com-
mander. With the foot companies of Hingham and other towns
in the vicinity, this troop was attached in 1680 to a new regiment
under Major Wm, Stoughton. It would seem that subsequently
the troop came to be composed almost entirely of men belonging
to Hingham and Braintree, and that was still the fact when.
August 12th, 1757, it marched to the relief of the fort, which
had already surrendered. By the above roll it will be seen that
a majority of its officers were from the former place. Its service
ended the 23d of the same month.

In July, 1757, Pitt, who shortly before had been dismissed from
office, became the controlling force in foreign affairs and in the
department of war. With him there came a new light to Eng-
land and the colonies ; the tide of defeat and disaster was checked,
hope was reawakened, and a vigor and wisdom instilled into the
conduct of public affairs, which eventually led to the triumph of
the British arms and the conquest of Canada.

Early in June, 1758, Admiral Boscawen and General Amherst,
with eighteen frigates and fire-ships, twenty-three ships of the
line and a fleet of transports, on board of which were eleven
thousand six hundred soldiers, all regulars except five hundred
provincial rangers, appeared before Louisbourg. Amherst's briga-
diers were Whitmore, Lawrence, and Wolfe. July 27th the fort
surrendered after a determined resistance, and over five thousand
men became prisoners in the hands of the English. In the siege
Jotham Gay, who commanded a company from Hingham shortly
after and perhaps at this time also, is said to have participated.

Among the Massachusetts regiments raised for the prosecution
of the war was one commanded by Col. Joseph Williams. It was
recruited early in 1758, and contained a company of Hingham
men, commanded by Capt. Edward Ward, who had already served
at the capture of Louisbourg in 1745. The roll of this com-
pany was as follows : —

Edward Ward, Captain,
Isaac Smith, Sergt.. Nath" Bates, Private.

Lott Lincoln, Corp., Joseph Beal, "

James Howard, " Mordica Bates, ';

James Lincoln, " Joseph Battles, Jr.. "

Military History.

265

Joseph Carrell, Private,

Primus Cobb, negro,

Robert Dunbar,

Seth Dunbar,

Solomon Dunbar, Jr

Jonathan Farrow,

Ezra French,

Nathu Garnet, Jr.,

Xorman Garnett,

Isaac Gross,

Ezra Garnett,

Noah Humphrey,

Japhet Hobbart

Peter Jacob, Jr.,

Nath1 Joy,

Elisha Keen,

Elijah Lewis, "

Another roll of this company,
earlier, contains these names, not

Thomas Colsen,
David Bate,
Abner Bate,
Beza Cushing,

tt
it
11

u
u
a
a
tt
it
it
a

l(

u
it
it

it

u

a

Thomas Lothrop, Private,
John Neal, "

Flanders, negro,
Micah Nichols,
Joshua Remington,
Obadiah Stowell,
Nath1 Stoddard,
Oliver Southward,
Jerome Stevenson,
Solon Stevenson,
Daniel Tower, Jr.,
Joseph Tower, Jr.,
Shad rich Tower,
David Waterman,
Solomon Whiton,
Jonathan Whiton,
Jonathan Ward, "

probably one of a few months
included above : —

Calvin Cushing,
Thomas Culson,
James Lincoln.

Thomas Burr also served in this regiment, but in Captain
Parker's company, — probably with other Hingham men whose
names are not preserved. A journal kept by him gives some par-
ticulars of the experience of the command ; and from this and a
return of Colonel Lincoln, in 1759, showing former service of cer-
tain enlisted men from his regiment, we learn something of the
part which Hingham had in the conquest of Canada.

The fifth of July, 1758, Abercromby, with over six thousand
regulars and nine thousand provincials, left his camp on the scene
of Dieskau's defeat and Montcalm's victory, and embarked upon
Lake George. The army was in nine hundred bateaux, a hun-
dred and thirty-five whaleboats, and a number of flatboats carry-
ing the artillery. The day was bright, and amid the romantic
scenerv the line, six miles in length, with gorgeous uniforms and
waving banners, presented a superb spectacle. The life of the
army, and its real commander, was Lord Howe, a brother of the
brave o-encral who led the Ens-lish at Bunker Hill. In the even-
ins;, lvino; bv the side of John Stark, then an officer of Rogers'
rangers, he inquired about the situation and best manner of at-
tacking Ticonderoga ; and the next day while at the head of the
column with Major Israel Putnam and two hundred rangers, he
fell dead under the (ire of a small body of French commanded by
Langy. The loss of Howe was the ruin of the army, and Aber-
cromby preserved neither order nor discipline ; indeed, he was upon

266 History of Hingham.

the point of abandoning the expedition. Colonel Bradstreet, how-
ever, opened the way for the array and it reluctantly followed his
lead. In the mean time Montcalm, on the seventh, threw up a
wonderfully strong defence, and here with thirty-six hundred men
he awaited the English. At one o'clock on the eighth the attack
commenced. At half-past seven the French general had won his
great victory, and the British army, after losing two thousand men,
was in full retreat, covered by the provincials. In this disastrous
attempt Captain Ward's company probably participated, as Colonel
Lincoln mentions a number of men as engaged at Lake George
whose names occur on the above roll. He speaks also of William
Russ as a soldier of his regiment on the same service.

After the defeat Abercromby reoccupied and refortified the
camp which he had left but a few days previously. Colonel Brad-
street obtained, after much persuasion, three thousand men, mostly
provincials, and with these and a small number of Oneidas he
embarked, August the twenty-second, in his fleet of whaleboats
and pushed out onto Lake Ontario. His destination was Fort
Frontenac, and as Thomas Burr, who was in this expedition, says
in his diary, the troops came in sight of the French works on the
twenty-fifth., and landed about dusk, and to quote the diary,
"pitched against the fort " on the twenty-sixth. The next day
the garrison surrendered, together with nine armed vessels and a
large amount of stores and ammunition.

Forming a part of Colonel Bradstreet's command, and partici-
pating in his triumph was Captain Ward's company of Hingham
men, — if indeed, the whole of Colonel Williams' regiment was not
in the expedition. Subsequently many of them were at the Great
Carrying Place. This latter was the name of a post upon the
Mohawk, then being fortified by General Stanwix, with whom
Bradstreet left a thousand men on his return from his victory.
Among them were Beza dishing, Noah Humphrey, John Neal,
Isaac Gross, Isaac Smith. James Hay ward. David Tower, Jona-
than Farrow. Townsend Smith, Joseph Carrel, Robert Dunbar,
Solo. Whiten, William Garnett, and Thomas Lothrop. Not pre-
viously named, but at Frontenac, in addition to others, were Ralph
Hassell, and John Sprague : they would seem to have enlisted in
other companies in Colonel Williams' regiment.

May 4, 1750, Gov. Thomas Pownall sailed from Boston with
a regiment commanded by himself, and constructed a fort
upon the Penobscot. Among Colonel Pownall's captains was
Jotham Gay, with a company from Hingham. Captain Gay's
company seems however to have been sent to Halifax somewhat
earlier, and a return sworn to by him indicates that it formed
part of the garrison of that post from March until November of
that year. Capt. Jotham Gay was born in Hingham, April 11,
1733, and as already seen, was in the king's service from 1755
until near the close of the last French war. Subsequently he was
a colonel in the Continental army, and a representative from

Military History.

267

Hingham in 1799 and 1800. His brother Calvin died at Quebec
in 1765. They were sons of the Rev. Ebenezer Gay, who was
minister of the Old Church in Hingham for sixty-nine years.
Rev. John Brown, of that part of Hingham which is now Cohasset,
was a chaplain in the army in 1759, and was stationed at Halifax.
He was a friend of Dr. Gay, who corresponded with him, and in
a characteristic letter, dated June 25, 1759, he writes to Mr.
Drown, " I wish you may visit Jotham (captain) and minister
good instruction to him and company, and furnish him with suit-
able sermons in print, or in your own very legible, if not very in-
telligible manuscripts, to read to his men, who are without a
preacher ; in the room of one, constitute Jotham curate." Colonel
Gay died October 16, 1802. The following is the list of the
Hingham men in the company commanded by him in 1759 : —

Jotham Gay, Capt.,
George Lane, Lieut.,
Thomas Lothrop, "■

Isaac Smith, Sergt.,
Nathaniel Bangs, "
Samuel Joy, Corp.,
Joseph Blake, Private,
Benjamin Beal, •'
Issachar Bate, "
Isaac Burr, "

Beza dishing, "
Calvin Gushing, "
Jacob Dunbar, "
Jonathan Farrow, "
Isaac Groce,
Noah Humphrey,
John Hobart,
Gedion Howard,
Micah Humphrey,
Ralph Haswell,
James Ha ward,
Joseph Jones,
John Lincoln,

Private.

..

a
a

Caleb Leavitt,
Levi Lewis,

Elijah Lewis, "

Urbane Lewis, "

Israel Lincoln, "

John Lasell, "

Joseph Lovis, "

Ephraim Marsh, "

Micah Nichols, "

John Neal, "

Charles Riplev, "

William Rust', "

Luther Stephenson, "
Jusitanus Stephenson, "
Jerome Stephenson, "'

John Sprague, "

Knight Sprague, "

Daniel Stoddard, "

Daniel Tower, "

Seth Wilder, «

There is also a roll in the State archives giving the names of
the following, and headed " A return of men Enlisted for his
Majesty's Service for the Total Reduction of Canada, 1760 : " —

John Stowel,
Nath1 Joy,
Japhet Hobard,
Enoch Stoddard.
Joseph Sprague,
Samuel Burr,
Asa Burr,

John Nash,
Job Mansfield,
Levi Lincoln,
Abijah Hersey,
Daniel Lincoln,
Joseph Beal,
Joshua Remington,

268 History of Hingham.

Zacheus Barber, John Garnet,

William Lincoln, Stephen Frances,

Richard Stodard, Seth Dunbar.
Benjn Stowel,

Of the particular service of these men there appears to be no
record. The following from the papers belonging to the Com-
monwealth indicates, however, that a number of them were with
the army in New York : —

" Money owed John Faye, for money paid by him to invalids
returning from Albany, <fcc, <tc, 1760 :

Benj. Stowell, Hingham, in Col. Thomas' regt., Capt. Bradford ;

Richard Stoddard, " " " " « " " "

There is a curious and interesting record in Vol. 98, page 361,
of the rolls at the State House in connection with the invalids at
Albany, which seems to have escaped notice elsewhere. It is an
account of a payment " to Col. Ranslow for his Battalion of
Negroes to carry Small Pox people to Albany."

Wolfe had climbed the Heights of Abraham, gained the crown
of unperishing fame, and laid down his life in the moment of
victory, while Montcalm, his dying thoughts for Canada, slept the
soldier's last sleep in the Convent of the Ursulines. September
the 18th Quebec surrendered. The following spring Levis made
a bold attempt to recapture it, but abandoned the attempt upon
the arrival of an English Meet. On the fifteenth of July, 1760,
Murray, with twenty-four hundred and fifty men, left Quebec and
marched toward Montreal ; he was subsequently reinforced by
seventeen hundred more under Lord Rollo.

In the mean time General Haviland left Crown Point with an
army of thirty-four hundred regulars, provincials, and Indians,
while Amherst with ten thousand men embarked from Oswego on
the tenth of August, followed by seven hundred Indians under Sir
William Johnson. On the sixth of September the three armies
encamped before Montreal. With Amherst and Haviland doubt-
less would have been found Hingham's recruits enlisted " for the
total reduction of Canada." September the eighth the remnants
of the French army, consisting of about twenty-four hundred men,
surrendered to General Amherst, who was about to open fire upon
Montreal, besieged as it was by his force of seventeen thousand.

If with the death of Montcalm and the surrender of Quebec,
France in the New World died, so at Montreal was buried all hope
of her resurrection, unless, indeed, through the medium of diplo-
macy when peace should at last be declared. Even that hope was
destined never to be realized, for with the signing of the articles
at Paris in 1763 French dominion in North America became only
a matter of history. However, during the many months and
even years that intervened, the sea coasts had to be guarded,
and the various military posts garrisoned. Probably engaged in

Military History. 269

this or similar service, we find Hingham men serving as
follows : —

Under Capt. Samuel Bent, from June to December, 1761 : —

Ralph Hassell, John Neal,

Elijah Lewis, David Stoddard.

Levi Lewis,
Under Capt. Ephraim Holmes, March to November, 1762 : —

Jeremiah Chubbuck.
Under Capt. William Barrows, November, 1762, to July, 1763 : —

Nathan Lewis, Arthur Cain.

Under Capt. Johnson Moulton, 1762 and 1763 : —

Jeremiah Chubbuck, Lieut., Levi Lewis,

Elijah Lewis, Sergt., John Neal.

Impossible as it is to give an absolutely correct list of our
townsmen who " went out against the French " during these long
years of warfare, there are nevertheless preserved and here placed
on the rolls of the brave, the names of some two hundred and
twenty-four different individuals who fought under the king's
colors and shared in the glory of the final triumph.

Moreover, at least fifty of these re-enlisted, fifteen served three
times, four four times, and one man seems to have been a recruit
on live different occasions, so that there must be credited as serv-
ing in Hingham's quota, during some part of the period, about
three hundred and twenty soldiers. Among these were more than
a dozen officers, of whom the most celebrated was Major Thaxter.

In glancing at these old' company rolls we notice the frequent
recurrence of certain family names having a large representa-
tion among the present inhabitants, while others, then borne by a
considerable number of persons, have entirely disappeared from the
town. Of the former, the Lincolns, with seventeen names on the
lists, easily lead, while the Cushings and Dunbars each furnish
nine, the Burrs six, the Beals the same number, the Stoddards
five, and the Towers four. On the other hand the Garnets, of
whom five enlisted, have ceased to exist by that name, although
under the not very different form of Gardner, there are still rep-
resentatives here, while the Gays, Joys, Gilberts, Gills, and others,
including the once numerous Stephensons, have few or none to
preserve their names and families.

From the close of the French wars to the opening of the Revo-
lution, we know little about the local military. Colonel Lincoln
continued to command the reaiment down to about the close of
the war, but under date of January 21, 1762, a list of the com-
missioned officers names Josiah Quincy as colonel, John Thaxter
of Hingham as lieut. -colonel and captain of the first Hingham
company, and Theophilus dishing, also of this town, as major and
captain of the second Hingham company. The other officers be-
longing here were Joseph Thaxter, — afterwards captain, — and
Caleb Bates, lieutenants, in Lieut.-Coloncl Thaxter's company, and

270 History of Hingham.

Samuel Hobart his ensign ; Capt. Pyam dishing, who succeeded
Major Gushing in the command of the company, and his lieuten-
ant, Robert Garnet, and ensign John Jacob ; Daniel Lincoln,
captain of the third company, with Isaac Lincoln, lieutenant, and
David Tower, Jr., ensign. The fourth Hingham company was
commanded by Thomas Jones, and his lieutenant was Benjamin
Thaxter, with Ebenezer Beale, Jr., for his ensign. The troop of
horse which still existed was officered by David Cushing, captain,
Benjamin Hayden, lieutenant, Jonathan Bass, cornet, and Joseph
Cushing, quartermaster. Soon after, James Humphrey became
first major, and Benjamin Lincoln, Jr., second major of the
regiment.

In 1771 this old command, formed in the early days of the
colony, and so long known as the Third Suffolk, had hecome the
second regiment, with John Thaxter, colonel, and Benjamin Lin-
coln, lieutenant-colonel. The companies from Hingham were
officered as follows : 1st company. James Lincoln, captain ; Elijah
Lincoln, lieutenant; 2d company, Enoch Whiton, Jr., captain;
Theophilus Wilder, Jr., lieutenant ; 3d company, Isaiah Cushing,
captain ; Peter Cushing. lieutenant : John Burr, ensign.

There was also a train of artillery attached to this regiment,
which evidently belonged here, as all its officers were from Hing-
ham. They were as follows: Francis barker, Jr., captain ; Sam-
uel Thaxter, 1st lieutenant; Jotham Loring, 2d lieutenant; and
Levi Lincoln, lieutenant-fireworker.

Lieut.-Colonel Lincoln was in command of the regiment at the
opening of the Revolution, and the muster rolls of the day style
it " Col. Lincoln's." although there is some uncertainty about his
being so commissioned.

In the stirring and exciting events preceding and leading up to
the war between the colonies and Great Britain, Hingham was an
active participant. With that of so many other towns, her history
contributes to the familiar narrative of the great part taken by
Massachusetts in the resistance to tyrannical and oppressive
acts of parliament and king. The names of Hancock, Otis, and
Lincoln have for her more even than the interest elsewhere
surrounding them, for to the families bearing them she feels the
affection and pride belonging to the children of the household.
John Hancock, Major-General, President of Congress, and Gover-
nor of Massachusetts, was the son of Mary Hawke of Hingham,
who first married Samuel Thaxter, Jr., and then John Hancock, of
Braintree ; while John Otis, the ancestor of the patriot, was one
of the earliest settlers of the town and the possessor of large tracts
of land here, and his descendants resided in Hingham for genera-
tions. Mary Otis, daughter of James the patriot, married the
son of General Lincoln, while other members of the family were
connected by marriage with the Thaxters, Gays, Lincolns, and
Herseys. The Lincolns fill the pages of local and common-

Military History. 271

wealth historv with the story of their services in the field, the
town, the halls of legislation, and the council chamber, from
the earliest days to the present time. During the French war
we have seen Benjamin Lincoln, as colonel of his regiment, the
historical Third Suffolk, to which the companies in Hingham had
almost from the settlement of the town been attached, taking an'
active part. He was also for seventeen years a member of his
Majesty's Council, but resigned in 1770, at the time when it was
fast becoming impossible for patriotic Americans to hold longer the
king's commissions. Colonel Lincoln died March 1, 1771, leaving,
among others, the son Benjamin who so worthily filled the place
he long occupied in public estimation and usefulness. The affec-
tion which is felt for the great President Abraham Lincoln, also
a descendant of a Hingham family, has given a national fame to
the name in later years.

As early as September 21, 1768, the town, in response to a cir-
cular from Boston, "' chose Joshua Hearsey a committee to join
the committees from the several towns within the province to
assemble at Boston on the 22cl of September, current, then and
there to consult such measures as shall be necessary for the pres-
ervation of good order and regularity in the province at this criti-
cal conjuncture of affairs." His instructions were as follows:
" We advise and direct you that you use your endeavors to pre-
serve peace and good order in the province and loyalty to the king ;
that you take every legal and constitutional method for the pres-
ervation of our rights and liberties, and for having redressed these
grievances we so generally complain of and so sensibly feel ; that
all possible care be taken that the troops that should arrive have
provision made for them, so that they be not billeted in private
families, and at so convenient a distance as not to interrupt the
people ; that you encourage the inhabitants to keep up military
duty, whereby they may be in a capacity to defend themselves
against foreign enemies ; and in case you are exposed to any
charges in prosecuting any of the foregoing preparations, we will
repay it, and as these instructions are for your private use, im-
prove them for that purpose and for no other whatever." The
instructions were drawn up by Ezekiel Hearsey, Benjamin Lin-
coln, Jr., and Capt. Daniel Lincoln.

In response to the circular, delegates from sixty-six towns, the
number of whom afterwards increased to ninety-eight, met on the
day appointed, and continued in session from day to day until
the 29th, during which they adopted a letter to be transmitted to
the agent of the province in London, and also voted to publish a
result of their conference, in winch, while declaring their alle-
giance to the king, they also declared their rights under the char-
ter. March 5, 1770, occurred the event known in American
history as the " Boston Massacre." Without discussing the
events which led up to the riot and bloodshed in King Street on

272 History of Hingham.

that memorable occasion, the fact of Hingham's sympathy with
the people as against the soldiers is perfectly evident from resolu-
tions passed at the annual meeting of that year. They are not to
be found in the town records, but are contained in the following
letter from General Lincoln, then town clerk, to the committee of
merchants : —

Hingham, March 24th, 1770.
To the Gentlemen the Committee of Merchants in Boston :

Gentlemen, — At the annual meeting of the town of Hingham, on the
19th day of March, a.d. 1770 : Upon a motion being made and seconded
(though omitted in the warrant), the inhabitants, taking into consideration
the distressed circumstances of the people in this and the neighboring
Provinces, occasioned by the late parliamentary acts for raising a revenue
in North America, the manner of collecting the same, and the measures
gone into to enforce obedience to them, and judging that every society and
every individual person are loudly called to exert the utmost of their
ability in a constitutional way to procure a redress of those grievances,
and to secure the privileges by charter conveyed to them, and that free-
dom which they have a right to as men and English subjects, came to the
following votes : —

Voted, That we highly approve of the patriotic resolutions of the mer-
chants of this province not to import goods from Great Britain till the re-
peal of the aforesaid acts ; and viewing it as having a tendency to retrieve
us from those burdens so much complained of, and so sensibly felt by us,
we will do all in our power in a legal way to support them in carrying
into execution so worthy an undertaking.

Voted, That those few who have imported goods contrary to general
agreement, and counteracted the prudent and laudable efforts of the mer-
chants and traders aforesaid, have thereby forfeited the confidence of their
brethren ; and therefore, we declare that we will not directly or indirectly
have any commerce or dealings with them.

Voted, That we will discourage the use of foreign superfluities among
us, and encourage our own manufactures.

Voted, That we heartily sympathize with our brethren of the town of
Boston, in the late unhappy destruction of so many of their inhabitants,
and we rejoice with them that there yet remains the free exercise of the
civil authority.

Voted, That the town clerk be ordered to transmit a copy hereof to the
committee of merchants in Boston.

I cheerfully comply with the above order and herewith send you a copy
of the Votes. I am, gentlemen, with great esteem, your most obedient
and most humble servant,

Benjamin Lincoln, Jun'r.

At a meeting held January 11, 1773, a committee consisting of
Bela Lincoln, Benjamin Lincoln, Joseph Thaxter, Jacob Cushing,
and Joshua Hearsey, was appointed to draft instructions to John
Thaxter, the town's representative. This was done on the 13th in
a communication urging him to use his best endeavors for the re-
dress of the grievances under which the province was suffering.

Military History. 273

At three o'clock in the afternoon of December 16, 1773,
young Josiah Quincy finished his great speech to the people in
the Old South Meeting-house, and the people reaffirmed the vote
of November 29, that the tea in the ships in Boston harbor
should not be landed. Towards twilight, Mr. Roch, the owner of
one of the vessels, returned from an interview with the Governor,
who was at Milton, with a refusal to permit the ship to leave the
harbor. A warwhoop rang from the gallery of the Old South ;
it was taken up from the outside. The meeting adjourned in
great confusion and the populace flocked toward Griffin's wharf,
near the present Liverpool wharf. Here were moored the " Dart-
mouth," Captain Hall ; the " Eleanor," Captain Bruce ; and the
" Beaver," Captain Coffin. Led by some twenty persons dis-
guised as Mohawk Indians, a party numbering some hundred and
forty boarded the vessels, and in two hours three hundred and forty-
two chests of tea were emptied into the harbor. Among the bold
actors of that night were xVmos Lincoln, then twenty years of age,
afterwards a captain in the Revolutionary Army, and a brother
of Lieut.-Gov. Levi Lincoln ; Jared Joy, twenty-four years old,
also a Revolutionary soldier later ; Abraham Tower, just twenty,
subsequently a soldier in Capt. Job dishing' s company ; and
Samuel Sprague of the same age, afterwards the father of Charles
Spraguc the poet.

These young men all belonged in Hingham, and their partici-
pation was quite likely the result of an agreement among them
to be in Boston until the question of the landing of the tea should
be settled. It is significant that at least three of them should
have become soldiers in the war for independence which so soon
followed.

The action of this lGth of December was followed by more
papers and letters from the Boston Committee of Correspond-
ence. To these the town responded at the annual meeting by
resolutions declaring, —

'; First, That the disposal of their property is the inherent right of
freemen, that there is no property in that which another can of right take
from us without our consent ; that the claim of Parliament to tax America
is, in other words, a claim of right to lay contributions on us at pleasure.

" Secondly, That the duty imposed by Parliament upon tea landed in
America is a tax on the Americans or levying contributions on them
without their consent.

" Thirdly, That the express purpose for which the tax is levied on the
Americans, namely, for the support of government and administration of
justice, and the defence of his Majesty's dominions in America, has a
direct tendency to render assemblies useless, and to introduce arbitrary
government and slavery.

" Fourthly, That a virtuous and steady opposition to the ministerial
plan of governing America is necessary, to preserve even a shadow of
liberty ; and it is a duty which every freeman in America owes to his
country, to himself, and to his posterity.

VOL. I. — 18

274 History of Hingham.

" Fifthly, That the resolution lately come into by the East India Com-
pany, to send out their teas to America subject to the payment of duties
on its being landed here, is an open attempt to enforce the ministerial
plan, and a violent attack on the liberties of America.

" Sixthly, That it is the duty of every American to oppose this
attempt.

" Seventhly, That it affords the greatest satisfaction to the inhabitants
of this town to find that his Majesty's subjects in the American colonies,
and of this province in particular, are so thoroughly awakened to a sense
of their danger, arising from encroachments made on their constitu-
tional rights and liberties, and that so firm a union is established among
them ; and that they will ever be ready to join their fellow subjects
in all laudable measures for the redress of the many grievances we
labor under."

August 17, 1774. the town adopted the following agreement
as reported by a committee : —

"We the subscribers, taking into our serious consideration the present
distressed state of America, and in particular of this devoted province,
occasioned by several late unconstitutional acts of the British Parliament
for taxing Americans without their consent — blocking up the port of
Boston — vacating our charter, that solemn compact between the king
and the people, respecting certain laws of this province, heretofore enacted
by our general court and confirmed by his majesty and his predecessors,
we feel ourselves bound, as we regard our inestimable constitution, and
the dutv we owe to succeeding generations, to exert ourselves in this
peaceable way, to recover our lost and preserve our remaining privileges,
yet not without grief for the distresses that may hereby be brought upon
our brethren in Great Britain. We solemnly covenant and engage to and
with each other, viz. : 1st. That we will not import, purchase, or consume,
nor suffer any person or persons to. by, for or under us to import, pur-
chase, or consume in any manner whatever, any goods, wares, or mer-
chandise which shall arrive in America, from Great Britain, from and
after the first day of October, one thousand seven hundred and seventy-
four, until our charter and constitutional rights shall be restored ; or until
it shall be determined by the major part of our brethren in this and the
neighboring colonies, that a new importation, or a new consumption
agreement will not effect the desired end : or until it shall be apparent
that a new importation or new consumption agreement will not be entered
into by this and the neighboring colonies, except drugs and medicines and
such articles, and such only, as will be absolutely necessary in carrying on
our own manufactures.

" 2dly, That in order to prevent, as far as in us lies, any inconveniences
that may arise from the disuse of foreign commodities, we agree that we
will take the most prudent care for the raising and preserving sheep, flax,
&c, for the manufacturing all such woollen and linen cloths as shall be
most useful and necessary ; and that we will give all possible support and
encouragement to the manufactures of America in general."

In September Colonel Lincoln was chosen to attend a Provin-
cial Congress at Concord, and in October the town " recommended

Military History. 275

to the militia officers to assemble their men once in a week and
instruct them in the art of war, &c." In November the collectors
of taxes were directed to pay all moneys collected to Henry
Gardner, Esq., of Stow, appointed treasurer by the Provincial
Congress.

December 26 Colonel Lincoln was again sent to the Provin-
cial Congress to be held in Cambridge. January, 1775, the town
chose a committee to take into consideration the state of the
militia. The members of this committee were Colonel Lincoln,
Enoch Lincoln, Jot ham Lincoln, Samuel Norton, Jacob Leavitt,
Samuel Thaxter, and Seth Stowers ; almost every one of whom
served in the army subsequently.

May 24, 1775, Colonel Lincoln was chosen to represent the
town in the Provincial Congress then sitting at Watertown ; and
at the same meeting Benjamin Lincoln, Benjamin dishing, and
David Cushing were chosen a committee to correspond with other
towns in the province.

July 10 Colonel Lincoln was chosen to represent the town in
the General Court to be held at Watertown on the 19th agreeably
to a resolve of the Continental Congress.

The following are some of the expenditures of the town in this
year 1775 ordered to be paid by Thomas Loring, Treasurer: —

To Jacob Leavitt for making carriage for cannon, timber, &c. 9-0-2
To Capt. Isaiah Cushing Company for exercising as per the

Clerk's Role made up 4-16-4
To Jacob Leavitt for shop candles, &c, for company 1-1-7
To John Fearing for timber for the cannon 0-9-0
To Capt. Jonses Company for Exercising as pr Roll 2-8-4
To Capt. James Lincolns Company for Exercising and Allow-
ance for house Liquor, Candles 7-6-4
To Capt. Jotham Loring for his Company Exercising Evenings

and the allowance for house candles, &c. 8-0-1 li-

To Adam Stowell for 4 lb. Ball Led 47 18 lbs Cannon shot® 20 0-4-7

To Joshua Leavitt for 38 lb. Cannon Ball (§,• 2 6-4
To Jerh Lincoln for part Capt. Jonses Company Exercising house

room candles, &c. 2-0-4
To Enoch Whiton for part his Companv Exercising house room

Candles, &c. 4-1 1-0
To Theop. Wilder for part of Capt. Whiton Company Exercising

house room Candles. &c. 2-9-8

Adjoining the office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, in
the old part of the State House in Boston, itself the depository of
some revered historical relics, is a long rather low alcoved room
with several large tables, a case or two of drawers, and many
shelves. A number of persons may always be found here : clerks,
whose duty and pleasure it is to assist the numerous visitors,
students, and writers of history ; men and women curious to see
the old documents ; descendants of revolutionary and provincial

276 History of Hingham.

sires desirous of finding some record of their ancestors, or seek-
ing for a glimpse or perhaps a tracing of an autograph of family
or national celebrity. Well may this quiet apartment be the
mecca for hundreds and thousands of those to whom the story of
their country's settlement and early days comes like a fresh
breeze of earnestness and purpose, of faith and devotion and
bravery. Here such come from the East and the far West alike,
and feel as one must, whether at Lexington or Bunker Hill or
Plymouth, as though on sacred ground. For here the whole
atmosphere seems to breathe of the past ; the Archives of the
Colony, the Province, and the Commonwealth ; quaint and loved
names of the Puritans and the Pilgrims, and quainter records of
their doings and trials and expeditions ; votes of the deputies,
orders of the magistrates, proclamations of the Royal Governors,
queer old yellow and stained papers written in characters so pecu-
liar as to require a special knowledge to decipher them ; copies or
originals of the famous Hutchinson papers ; correspondence with
the French authorities in Canada or the Pilgrim governor in
Plymouth ; a treaty with some famous Indian sachem ; an account
of a pirate ship, or an order for the hanging of its lawless chief ;
a report of Captain Church, or a rumor of Myles Standish ; laws
for the regulation of religion, the promotion of education, the
encouragement of commerce ; letters of Winthrop, of Dudley, of
Harry Vane ; appointments to the command and grants of men
and money for the attempts against Nova Scotia and Louisburg
and Canada ; victories and feastings and fastings ; the story of
Acadia and the wanderers, crudely and disjointedly told in various
papers ; more letters and signatures, but now of Washington
and Franklin, of Knox 'and Hancock and Adams and Lincoln and
Warren ; committees of safety and their doings ; conflicts with Brit-
ish sailors and officials and soldiers ; preparations for the Revolu-
tion and commissions for its officers, — all these and many more are
to be found here, with papers whose contents are hardly yet known,
and affording doubtless rich stores of original research and infor-
mation for the historian. Here too are great, unwieldy volumes
filled with the muster rolls of the officers and men who served
their king against the French in the North, the Spaniard in the
Main, the Indian in the forest ; who fought too, when the time
came, the king and his redcoats from Boston to Yorktown, and
his Hessian allies at Stillwater and Trenton and Princeton. We
may read — sometimes in a hand, and oftentimes in a spelling,
that almost silences criticism — the signatures of our grandfathers
or great-grandfathers to receipts of money or supplies ; and we may
proudly follow the record of their devoted services through year
after year of warfare and privation in their struggle for freedom
and nationality. Among the bound papers we should find a sur-
prising number, filling indeed three large books, numbered 11, 12,
13, known as the " Lexington Alarm Rolls." These contain

Military History. 277

not alone the names of the brave men of Lexington and Concord
and Acton and the other towns whose sons were actually engaged
and some of whom laid down their lives in the first battle of
the Revolution, but also those of the equally brave from remoter
places who hastened toward the field of conflict at the first note
of alarm, and who rightly share in the honor and glory of the vic-
tory of that 19th of April and the service that immediately fol-
lowed. The rolls of these companies are very numerous, there
being in fact several hundred of them, of which four tell the story
of what Hingham did in the dawning of the eight years' conflict.
Of these troops, there appear to have been three foot-companies,
or what would now be termed infantry, and one — that com-
manded by Captain Loring — artillery, then termed the "Train."
Probably all were attached to Colonel Lincoln's command.

Omitting the details of expense, pay, and some other items of
little or no interest, an exact copy of the rolls of these companies
is here given : —

A true return of the travel and time of Service of the men under
my Command in Col. Benj. Lincoln's Regiment Assembled the
19th April, 1775: —

Isaiah dishing, Capt. Joshua Loring,

Jacob Leavitt, Lieut. Othniel Stodder,

Charles Gushing, Lieut. David Wilder,

Jacob Cushing, Jr., Serj., Caleb Brimhall,

Isaac Sprague, Jr., " Thomas Burr,

Shubael Fearing, " Sam Burr,

Thos. Jones, Jr.. " Benj. Sprague. Jr.,

~"Xmos Sprague, Corp., Sam Lazell,
David Burr, " Fearing,

John Blossom. " Thomas King,

John Burr. Jr., " Jos. Leavitt,

Levi Burr, Drum, Benj. Barnes, Jr.,

Peter Hersey, " Benj. Cushing, Jr.

John Lincoln, Jared Lane,

Seth Briggs, Jacob Thaxter,

Sam Leavitt. Abner Loring.
David Sprague,

Isaiah Cushing.
On the back is the following : —

Suffolk ss.

Decern. 11, 1775. Then Capt. Isaiah Cushing Subscriber to
this Roll personally made oath to the truth of it.

Col. Benj. Lincoln, Jus. peace.

Examined and compared with the original.

Edwd Rawson / n
Jonas Dix ( 0om-

278

History of Hingham.

In Council, Apr 16th, 1776, read &, allow'd & ordered that
a warrant be drawn on the Treasury for 11. 2. 8. in full of this
roll. John Lowell Dpy Sec,y S. T.

The other rolls have similar indorsements.

It appears also from details not here given in full, that this
company was in service three days at this time, and travelled
thirty-six miles.

A true return of the travel and
under my command in Col. Benj.
the 19th of April, a. d. 1775.

James Lincoln, Captn.
Isaac Lincoln, 1st Lieut.,
Nath Lincoln, 2d "
Sergt.,

.1

Corp.

Joseph Beal,
Knight Sprague,
Heman Lincoln,
Noah Hersey,
Elijah Beal,
Tho. Marsh, Jr.,
Isaiah Lincoln,
Bradford Hersey, "
Zadock Hersey, Drum
Reub Hersey, Fife,
Jas Lincoln, Jr., "
Tho. Waterman, Jr.,
Tho. Marsh,
Jacob Beal,
Zerub Hersey,
Abijah Hersey,
Thos Stoddard,
Jacob Stoddard,
Barna Lincoln,
Josh Stowell,

time of Service of those men
Lincoln's Regiment assembled
James Lincoln.

Jerc Hersey, Jr.,
Gilb Hersey,
Step Lincoln,
Bela Stowell,
David Beal, Jr.,
Jesse Dunbar,
Jona

Benj Beal,
Jona Lincoln,
liovall Lincoln,
Jesset Bates,
Joseph Blake,
John Hobart,
Isaiah Hersey,
Nathan Stodder,
Japhet Hobart,
John Souther,
John Beal,
Levi Lincoln,
Jere Lincoln,
Sam Todd,
Nat Fearing.

Hingham, Dec. 5, 1775. Then Capt. James Lincoln made oath

Before me Benj. Gushing, Js. peace.

to the foregoing list.

This company was in service thirteen days and travelled thirty-
six miles " from and to home.''

A true return of the travel and time of Service of the men
under mv Command in Col° Benj" Lincolns Regt Assembled 19
April, 1775 : —

Enoch Whiton, Capt ,
Theop. Wilder, Lieut.,

Josiah Lane, 2 Lieut.,
Elias Whiton, Scrg.,

Military History.

279

Sam Gardner, Serg.,
Jacob Sprague, Corp.,
Ezra Garnett, fif,
Reuben Sprague, drum,
Jona Whiton,
Jacob Dunbar,
Josh Garnett,
Theo dishing,
Amasa Whiton,
Sol0 Whiton,
Tho9 Cushing,

Garnett 3d,

Abijah Whiton,
Benj Whiton, Jr.,
Zcnas Wilder,
Jere Gardner,
Heze Ripley,
Abel Whiton,
Ezek Whiton,
Nat Damon,
Melzer Dunbar,
Daniel Wilder,
Math Tower,
David Loring.

Enoch Whiton, Capt.

Suffolk, Dec. 11, 1775. Then Capt. Enoch Whiton
Subscriber to this roll personally made oath to the truth of it.

Col. Benj. Lincoln, Jus. peace.

This company was in service three days, and travelled forty-two
miles.

A List of the Company of Train belonging to Ilingham under
the command of Capt. Jotham Loring, April 19, 1775 : —

Jotham Loring, Capt.
Seth Stowers, Lieut.,

Thos Fearing, 2d "
Isaac Cushing, 3d "
David Cushing, 4 "
Hawkes Hobart, Sergt.,
Daniel Cushing, "
Edwd Wilder,
Elijah Whitton, "
Isaac Hearsey, Corp.,
Joseph Wilder, "
Moses Sprague, "
Edmund Hobart, "
Josh" Tower, Private,
Tho3 Cushing,
Laban Tower,
Moses Whitton,
Abijah Lewis,
Jonathn Hearsey,
Joseph Tower,
Abijah Lewis, Jr.
Seth Sprague,
Joseph
Zechariah Whitton,"

Signed

a

a

u

a

Sam1 Gill, Private,

Israel Hearsey,
Bela Tower,
Theodore French,
Jonathan French,
Stephen Stoddard,
Jesse Sprague,
Nathan Gilbert,
Nehemi Ripley,
Stephen Tower,
Elijah Lane,
Jesse Gardner,
John Jones,
Nftth1 Sprague,
Allen Lapham,
Benjn Joy,
John Sprague,
James Tower,
Job Curtis,
Abraham Whitton,
Isaak Stoddard,
BenjD Ward,
Joseph Sprague,
Bela Cushing.

Jotham Loring.

280 History of Hingham.

This was endorsed : Capt. Jotharn Lorings Billeting Roll

at Hinaham in 1775.
£18. 10. 8

These men also were in service thirteen days.

Four companies, numbering in all one hundred and fifty-four
men, marched from the old town on that bright April morning
when the grass was already long enough to be waving in the soft
spring breeze and the cherries were white in the glory of their
blossoms. The occasion and the scene were never to be pre-
cisely re-enacted. On the night of the 18th Revere and Dawes
had left Boston, and commenced their famous ride, alarming the
inhabitants to the north of that town. Messengers were sent to
the surrounding country, and the response was so prompt that in
the records of the killed and wounded on the 19th, names appear
of persons from no less than twenty-three places.

We seem to hear again the rush and clatter of the hurrying
horseman through Weymouth and into our own streets, and the
startling cry " To arms ! " " To arms ! " We seem to see our
forefathers as they gather on the company training-fields at
South Hingham, the Lower Plain, and Broad Bridge, while Levi
Burr, Peter Hearsey, Reuben Sprague,and Zadoc Hersey wake the
sleepers with the continual roll of their drums, and the cheerful
notes of the fifes in the hands of Ezra Garnett and Reuben Her-
sey sound the reveille of the period. But this is no holiday
parade these men are engaged in, and there is little of the pageantry
of war in the gathering of these earnest, sober country farmers
and mechanics and sailors. The call has not been entirely unex-
pected, however, and the companies move out for their long march
with full ranks, their bright silk colors gleaming red in the sun-
light, and the veterans of the Canada campaigns at their head.
We do not forget, as we watch them leading their men, — Captain
Loring with his artillery lumbering along the uneven roads, or
Captain Lincoln with his large company of down-town foot, — that
their names became familiar long ago on the rolls of those who,
under Samuel Thaxter or Edward Ward or Ebenezer Beal or
Joseph Blake, bravely fought in his Majesty's service ; and the
sight of Seth Stowers recalls the sad scenes around Fort William
Henry on the bloody morning of the terrible August day in 1757.
When these men, and many another now again in the ranks,
marched out of Hingham ten years earlier, the commander of the
regiment to which they belonged was Benjamin Lincoln ; now
too, their colonel's name is Benjamin Lincoln ; he is the son of
their old commander, and is destined to become for all time
Hingham's most famous citizen.

Too remote from the field of battle to have made active par-
ticipation in the conflict possible to her organized military,

Military History. 281

Hingham still has, by a fortunate circumstance, the proud dis-
tinction of being among the towns represented on that memorable
day. Joseph Thaxter, a great-grandson of Col. Samuel Thaxter,
and a graduate of Harvard College, was preaching as a candidate
for the ministry at Westford, when he heard of the approach of
the British troops towards Lexington. Hastening to Concord on
horseback, armed with a brace of pistols, he was among those who
received the enemy's fire at Concord Bridge. He was subsequently
appointed a chaplain in the army, and was attached to Colonel
Prescott's regiment at the time of the battle at Breed's Hill,
which is known in history as the battle of Bunker Hill, and in
which he is said to have participated. Later he was chosen
as a representative in the General Court from Hingham, but
resigned for active service in the army, where we shall here-
after meet him. Mr. Thaxter participated in the ceremonies
of the 17th of June, 1825, at the laying of the corner-stone of
the Bunker-Hill monument, being at that time the only surviv-
ing chaplain of the Revolutionary army. He died at Edgartown
in^l827.

Althouoh but a short time in the field, the value of the ser-
vice rendered by these and other companies which responded
to the Lexington alarm, can scarcely be over-estimated. Com-
paratively few were able to reach the battle-ground and partici-
pate in the glory and renown of the victory, but its fruits were
yet to be secured, and to the men who marched on that memor-
able morning and then remained patiently on duty until an army
could be raised and posted, is due much of the credit for the ulti-
mate success. In the mean time the British were to be watched,
and any aggressive movement on their part to be met and frus-
trated. These companies were encamped near and about Boston,
virtually commencing even then its siege, and effectually guard-
ing the military stores in the towns near by. Within a very few
days after the battle of Lexington, the Provincial Congress of
Massachusetts met at Watertown, and took measures to raise a
large permanent army composed of twenty-eight regiments num-
bering between thirteen and fourteen thousand men. To each
soldier, as a bounty, there was promised a coat upon his enlist-
ment, and the towns were ordered to furnish thirteen thousand
coats. In vols. 56 and 57 at the State House, and known as the
" Coat Rolls," are to be found the names of the officers and men
composing this force, which was enlisted for eight months, and
served from early in May to January of the following year ; the
enlistment of some of the companies is said to have dated from
the 19th of April. These with a few regiments from Connecti-
cut, Rhode Island, and New Hampshire, composed the greater
part of the army which maintained the siege of Boston. It was
stationed at Dorchester, Roxbury, Cambridge, Watertown, and
other places near the base of operations. General Ward was in

282

History of Hingham.

command until the appointment of Washington. Among the
regiments was the 25th, commanded by Gen. Wm. Heath, one of
whose companies was from Hingham. The roll of this command,
however, speaks of it as being " in ye 36th Regt. of Foot in ye
Continental Army, Encamp'd in Fort No. 2."
It is as follows : —

Charles
Elias Whiton, Lieut.,
Benjamin Beal, Ensign,
Sam1 Gill, Sergeant,
John Lincoln, "
Isaiah Hersey, "
Moses Sprague, "
Abijah Whiton, "
John Burr, Corporal,
John Blossom, "
Chris1 Kilby,
Tho8 Marsh, "

Nath' Dill, Fife,
Jona Hearsey, Drum,
Abel Barns, Private,
James Bates, "

Tho9 Bangs, "

Seth Brigs,
Caleb Brimhall,
Job Curtis,
Tho8 Chubbuck,
James Cooke,
Jesse Dunbar,
Melzar Dunbar,
Jacob Dunbar,
John Dill,
Josha Dunbar,
Jona French,
Jacob Gardner,
Ezra Gardner,
James Hayward,

a

u

I.

u

a

u

a

a

u

Cushing, Capt.,

Zadoc Hearsey,

Private,

David Hearsey,

a

James Hayward,

Jr.,"

Japheth Hobart,

u

Daniel Hearsey,

it

Benf Joy,

a

Elisha Lane,

U

Urban Lewis,

.<

Abisha Lewis,

a

David Loring,

u

Josha Loring,

a

Lot Marsh,

a

Hezh Ripley,

a

John Ripley,

" s

John Roberts,

" I

Jacob Stodder,

a

Othniel Stodder,

a

Stephen Stodder,

a

Josh" Stowel,

a

David Sprague,

a

Israel Stowel,

a

Joseph Sprague,

it

Reuben Stodder,

a

Hozea Stodder,

a

Allin Simmonds,

a

Seth Wilder,

a

David Wilder,

it

Abel Whiton,

a

Hozea Whiton,

a

David Gardner

((

Scituate,

Boston,

The roll of another company also belonging to this command is
here given, although its members for the most part came from
that section of the old town which, formerly composing the
Second Precinct, had within a few years been set off as the town
of Cohasset. Its captain subsequently commanded a Hingham
company, and so large a proportion of the men composing it
afterwards served either upon Hingham's rolls or in connection
with her recruits, that it seems desirable to incorporate their
names in this place : —

Military History.

283

Job Cushing, Capt.,
Nath" Nichols, 1st Lieut,
Josiah Parker, 2d

Eleazer James, Sergeant,

Gideon Howard, "

Isaac Burr, "

Peter Nichols,

Abraham Tower, Corporal,

Adna Bates, "

James Bates, "

Bela Nichols, "

Levi Tower, Drum,

William Stodder, Fife,

Elisha Bates, Private,

Jonathan Bates, "

Josiah Bates, "

Zealous Bates,

Ephraim Battles,

Jared Battles,

Joshua Beal,

Saml Beal,

Amos Brown,

Calvin Cushing,

Obed Dunbar,

George Humphrey

Benja Jacob,

Jared Joy,

Melzer Joy,

John Kilby,

Richard Kilby,

John Killjy, Jr.,

a

a

a

..

..

a

a

a

Galen Lincoln,
Joram Lincoln,

private,

Charle Luneand,

a

Joseph Neal,
Caleb Nichols,

a
a

Daniel Nichols,

a

Ebeir Orcutt,

a

Ephrm Orcutt,

a

Luke Orcutt,

a

Hough Orcutt,

a

Joshua Oakes,

a

Sam1 Oakes,

a

Caleb Pratt,

a

Oliver Prichard,

a

Richard Prichard,

a

Elisha Stephenson,
Luke Stephenson,
John Sutton,

a
it

a

Joseph Souther,
James Stodder,

Benj. Stutson,
Reuben Thorn,

a
a

Jesse Tower,

a

Isaac Tower,

a

Jesse Warrick,

it

John Whitcomb,

a

Gersham Wheelwri

ght, "

Benja Woodward.

a

Mr. Lincoln, in his " Centennial Address," says that Capt. Jo-
tham Loring and company served in Colonel Greaton's regiment
at Roxbury, until June 22, when Lieut. Charles Cushing was ap-
pointed captain, and that the company served until the close of
the year. It is certain that both this and Captain Job Cushing's
company were in General Heath's regiment as before stated, but
it is also probable that Colonel Greaton was an earlier commander.
Most of the company re-enlisted for a year's service from Jan-
uary 1, 1776, and after the evacuation of Boston, it marched to
New York, where it embarked for Albany, arriving there April
25. May 21 it reached Montreal. General Montgomery had
already been killed in the unsuccessful attack on Quebec, and
soon after the American army was driven out of Canada. Mr.
Lincoln's list of the men engaged in this unfortunate expedition
is as follows : —

284 History of Hingham.

Charles Cushing, Capt.,

Benjamin Beal, Lieut.,

John Lincoln, Ensign,

■ Moses Sprague, Thomas Marsh,

Abijah Whiton, Joseph Sprague,

Christopher Kilby, Israel Stowell,

Jonathan Hearsey, Luke Hunt,

Jacob Gardner, Daniel Sprague,

Hosea Stodder, Joseph Whiton,

Joshua Ripley, Abel Whiton,

Luther Gardner, Thomas Bangs,

Elijah Gardner, Thomas Chubbuck, Jr.,

Noah Hobart, Othnicl Stodder,

Jesse Dunbar, Joshua Stowell,

Lot Marsh, Peter Whiton,

Joshua Dunbar, Joseph Lincoln,

Reuben Stodder, Jr., Nathaniel Stodder,

David Hersey, Joseph Hill,

Israel Whiton, James Hayward, Jr.,

William Spooner, Daniel Cain,

Levi Gardner, Seth Stowell,

Obadiah Stowell, Issachar Stowell,

and five others who received a bounty from the town, but whose
names have not been ascertained. Mr. George Lincoln says that
Samuel Whiten was in the Canada expedition in Capt. Charles
Cushing's company, and it is probable that his is one of the
missing names. Another may have been Hosea Whiton, who is
known to have died in the attempt on Canada. After the re-
treat of the army from Canada, Captain Cushing's company was
probably stationed for a time at Ticonderoga, and here on the 1st
of August Joseph Whiton, one of his privates, died.

Capt. Charles Cushing was a descendant of one of the first
settlers of Hingham. Besides efficient military service in the
Revolution, he held many civil offices, and represented the town
in both the House and the Senate. He was known later in life
as Colonel Cushing. His home was at Hingham Centre.

Capt. Job Cushing was a distant connection of Captain Charles,
and commanded a company largely recruited in the second pre-
cinct, now Cohasset, where he resided.

Mr. George Lincoln is authority for the statement that Perez
Gardner was with Arnold in the march through the forests of
Maine in 1775, which had its termination in the disastrous
r^tack and defeat of the American forces at Quebec on the 31st of
December.

During the siege of Boston both Hingham and Hull were gar-
risoned posts of the American army. The troops at the former
place during at least a portion of the time, consisted of Capt.

Military History. 285

James Lincoln's company, which was, it is said, posted at Crow
Point for some eight months on its first enlistment. It was
probably enlisted under the Coat resolves of the Provincial Con-
gress, and served from about May, 1775, until 1776. The posi-
tion was a commanding one and well suited to protect the town
from any small force which the enemy might send either to de-
stroy it, or to forage for hay or provisions. It should be stated,
however, in this connection, that while tradition has located this
command at Crow Point, a situation so advantageous in a military
view as almost to carry conviction of its correctness, there is
nearly indisputable evidence that for a time at least, the exact
post was nearer the town, upon Broad Cove, and probably upon
the south side where is now the Cadet Camp ground. The com-
pany was subsequently posted at the Cove.

In the Commonwealth's archives are the following papers : —

To the Hon" Council Sf House of Representatives of tJte State of Mas-
sachusetts Bay assembled at Watertown :

Your petitioners humbly show that whereas Requisition was made of
the selectmen of Hingham to provide Barracks sufficient for the Recep-
tion of a Company of Soldiers employed for the Defence of this our State,
commanded part of the time by Capt. James Lincoln & part of the time
by Capt. Seth Stowers, your petitioners having complved with the afors'1
Requisition and engaged Barracks for said company the cost of which we
have here annexed together with the cost of Building a Guardhouse, pray
your Honors to consider of the matter and order that we may have the
money for which we stand engaged.

From your ever Dutiful petitioners,

r, ^ ) Selectmen

Benj. Cushing ( ,.

) Hingham.
Hin'gham, '27th August, 1776.

The State of the Massachusetts Bay to the town of Hingham Dr.

To Barracks for Capt Lincoln Company at Broad Cove Si-
months 7_13_4

To Do for said Company at the town Cove six months 8-0-0

To 138 feet timber 350 feet Board i in Board & \ in Shingle nails
114 in shingles carting the same 3 \ miles for a guard house

To 300 feet Board & 300 Board nails for making Cobbins in

the Barracks 0-17-9

1-11-1

Benj. Cusiiing
Joseph Andrews

£18 3 0
) Selectmen

f r.°f

) Hingham.

This account was examined, allowed, and paid, and was re-
ceived by Enoch Lincoln on an order from the town.
The roll of this company is as follows : —

286

History of Hingham.

A Muster Roll of the Independent Company Stationed at
Hingham Commanded by James Lincoln to the 1 January 1776 :

Samuel Lincoln, Jr., Private,

James Lincoln, Capt.,

Seth Stowers, Lieut., Laban Thaxter,

Knight Sprage, 2d " Joseph Blake, Jr.,

Elijah Lewis, Sergeant, Jeremiah Hearsey, Jr.,

Noah Hearsey,
Elijah Beal, Jun.,
Jonathan Lincoln, Jun. "
Caleb Leavitt, Corporal,
John Souther, "

Joseph Wilder, «

Thomas Stodder, '•
Stephen Stowel, Jr., Drum,
James Lincoln, Jr., Fifer,
Barnabas Lincoln, Private,
David Beal, Jun., "

Samuel Godfrey, "

John Marsh, Jun., "

Nath" Stodder, Jun., "
Jotham Lincoln,
Jonathan Cain,
Joseph Andrews, Jun.,
Royal Lincoln,
Athanasius Lewis,
Noah Hobart,
Ste])hen Lincoln, Jun.,
John Hobart, Jun.,
Peter Hearsey,
Bel a Stowel,
Jesse Humphrey,

Timothy

Daniel Hobart.
Joseph Basset,

a

u
a
a
u
a
a
a

U

ll

ll

Li

LL

Li

LL

LL

LL

LL

Laban Stodder,
Joseph Jones,
Heman Lincoln,
Daniel Cain,
John Hearsey,
William Lewis,
Nath" Tower,
Isaac Gardner,
Obediah Stowel,

Lab Hunt,

Ephraim Marsh,

Luke Bates, Kohasset, "

Josiah Godfrey, Abbing-

town, "
James Hobart, "

Peter Whiting,
Levi Burr,
Joshua Leavitt,
Levi Gardner,
Stephen Whiting,
Israel Whiting,
James Tower,
William Spooner,
Thomas Wilder,
John Sprage,
Stephen Tower,
Samuel Stodder, Scituate,"
Robert Gardner. "

Li

Li

Captain Lincoln's company, with additions and changes in its
membership, also served, perhaps on a new enlistment, from
January 1, 1776, to probably some part of July and very possibly
for a much longer period. The rolls give only partial information.
The Journal of the House of Representatives speaks of it as one of
four independent companies in the service. Caleb Leavitt be-
came 2d lieutenant in January, and was promoted to be 1st lieu-
tenant during the month, when Noah Hearsey became 2d lieuten-
ant ; at the same time Thomas Stodder, Ephraim Marsh, John
Sprague, and Japheth Hobart were made sergeants, and Nathaniel
Tower, Abner Bates of Weymouth, and Jeremiah Hearsey, cor-
porals. The following names are those of men who served under
the later enlistment, together with many of the earlier members :

Military History.

287

u

a
u

Japheth Hobart, Sergeant,
Abner Bates, Corporal,
Jeremiah Hearsey,
Thomas Marsh, Private,
Joshua Beal, "

Ezekiel Lincoln,
Samuel Lazel,
Isaiah Lincoln,
Samuel Todd,
James Beal,
John Stodder,
Benjamin Barns,
Daniel Barker,
Stephen Mansfield,
Samuel Leavitt,
Moses Whiting:,
Elijah Whiting,
Jacob Whiting,
Jonathan Thaxter,
John Marsh, Jun.,
Thomas Gill,
Frederick Lincoln,
Athanasius Lewis,
Elisha Bates,
Peter Wilder,
Joshua Gardner,
Elijah Stowers,

..

it

Isaac Gross,
John Hearsey, Jr.,
Nehemiah Sprague,
Elisha Lane,
Jeremiah Hearsey,
Rufus Tower,
Welcome Lincoln,
John Hunt,
John Barnes,
Samuel Low,
Joseph Hobart,
Samuel Loring,
Caleb Leavitt, Jr.,
Edmund Hobart,
Benjamin Stowel, Jr
David Loring,
David Gardner,
James Haward,
Ezra Gardner,
Jonathan Froraks,
James Chubbuck,
Laban Tower,
James Bates,
Timothy Shave,
Peter Hobart,
Zerubbable Hearsey,

Private,

U

«

u
u
u
u
it
«
«
it
a
it
it
a
u

a
a
it

a

a

also Elijah Levit and Jesse Humphrey " fifteen days after going
to Roxbury," where they probably served in some other command.

Capt. James Lincoln, it may be remembered, was not only a
soldier in the last war with France, but was one of the captains
who marched at the first call to arms at the Lexington alarm.
He resided on South Street. Lieut. Seth Stowers, who succeeded
to the charge of this company and commanded the post at Hing-
ham for a while, was also a veteran, and narrowly escaped the
massacre at Fort William Henry. Later in the Revolution Cap-
tain Stowers was stationed with his company for many months at
Hull, and also commanded it in one of the Rhode Island expe-
ditions. Lieut. Knight Sprague was likewise one of the Fort
William Henry soldiers.

Among the few royalists or tories living in Hingham at the
opening of the Revolution, were Capt. Joshua Barker, then an
elderly and respected citizen who had held a commission in the
king's army, and served many years in the wars of his sovereign,
and who could hardly have been expected to abandon the colors
to which the allegiance of the best part of his life had been de-
voted, and Elisha Leavitt who occupied the stately old-fashioned
mansion which, one of the then attractions of the town, with its

288 History of Hingham.

tapestries and grand tiled fireplaces, stood some twenty years
since upon the present site of the Catholic Church.

In this house there was a blind passage to which a secret door
gave entrance, and here it was that Nathaniel Ray Thomas and
other tories from Marshfield were concealed during a search made
for them by the Committee of Safety, and from which they were
subsequently successfully smuggled, by water, to Boston. It is
said that a mob gathered about Leavitt's house at one time for the
purpose of doing violence to his person, and that he diverted them
by rolling out a barrel of rum and dispensing its contents liber-
ally. Be this as it may, there seems to be no doubt that Leavitt
was more than passively opposed to the cause of his countrymen,
and that he supplied the English with hay and vegetables, and
probably cattle. He owned or controlled Grape Island lying a
little north of the town, about opposite to Huit's Cove and the
point upon which Bradley's phosphate works now stand at the
mouth of Weymouth Back River. Upon the island was a large
quantity of hay and a number of cattle belonging undoubtedly to
Leavitt ; and here on the morning of Sunday, May 21, 1775, came a
body of troops from Boston, accompanied and conveyed by two
sloops and an armed schooner. The expedition had for its object
the hay and other supplies stored there; but its approach created
considerable alarm in the towns in the neighborhood, where the
fear of a descent caused the hasty loading upon wagons and carts
of the furniture and household effects of numbers of the inhabi-
tants preparatory to removal to places of safety. In the mean
time the bells rang and trims were fired and a general alarm
given. The militia rapidly gathered, and General Thomas, who
commanded at Roxbury, ordered three companies of the troops in
his division to the assistance of the inhabitants. The old people
of fifty years ago, used to tell of the march of the military down
Broad Cove Lane, now Lincoln Street, on the way to oppose the
British landing, then momentarily expected. The troops thus
referred to were undoubtedly militia from this and adjoining
towns. It is probable, however, that Capt. James Lincoln's com-
pany which was enlisted as early as the fifth of the month and
whose camp was at or near Crow Point, was the principal organ-
ized force on the spot. Companies immediately marched, however,
from Weymouth, Abington, and Scituate, in addition to those from
Hingham. From the diary of Paul Litchfield, of Scituate, we get
the following : " May 21. Just before meeting began in morning,
hearing the King's troops were landing near Hingham the people
in general dispersed, so no meeting. About 100 Regulars landed
at Grape Isl to get hay." From the point nearest the island a
fire, which was returned from the schooner, was directed against
the English. The distance however was too great for small arms
to be effective, and it was not until the flood tide had covered the
flats that the Americans were enabled to float a lighter and a
sloop and drive off the enemy. Having done this, they landed on

Military History. 289

the island, burned the barn and about eighty tons of hay, and
brought off the cattle. Mrs. John Adams, writing to her husband,
then in the Continental Congress, of the affair says : " You in-
quire of me who were at the engagement at Grape Island. I may
say with truth, all of Weymouth, Braintree, Hingham, who were
able to bear arms, and hundreds from other towns within twenty,
thirty, forty miles of Weymouth." She adds high praise of sev-
eral of her husband's family who were participants. This skir-
mish may perhaps fairly give to Hingham the coveted distinction
of beino: one of the battle-grounds of the Revolution ; for although
the island itself lies within the jurisdiction of Weymouth, a part
of the shores opposite, from which much of the firing undoubt-
edly came, are in Hingham. There can be no difficulty in recog-
nizing the beautiful point at Huit's Cove just at the mouth of
Weymouth Back River, as the place of assembly and seat of oper-
ations for our forefathers on that Sabbath morning in the spring
of 1775, almost exactly a month after the fight at Lexington,
toward which the same company under the same' commander had
so promptly marched. It is more than likely that the main
attack upon the English was by Hingham and Weymouth com-
panies operating in Hingham. it is said that the Weymouth and
Abington companies compelled Leavitt to provide entertainment
for them during the day ; had his connection with the enemy been
fully known at the time, it is quite certain that he would have
fared far worse.

If our small bit of the war was insignificant compared to the
greater events, it still furnished one of the incidents of no little
importance at the time in the valuable experience of meeting the
enemy and of gaining a victory, the size of which was not suffered
to diminish in the current reports , and it is of value to us now
for its service in bringing our town and our people into closer
touch with their fellow-citizens of the Revolution. There were,
however, comparatively few of the striking events of the Revolu-
tion, without participants from Hingham.

It has already been said that when Colonel Prescott and his
brave men beat back, until their powder was gone, the red ranks
on Bunker Hill that memorable 17th of June, the chaplain of his
regiment was our fighting parson of the engagement at Concord
Bridge, Joseph Thaxter. But he was not the town's sole repre-
sentative at the battle, for Jairus Lincoln and Joseph Bates also
bore a part and shared in the glory of the day, the latter laying
down his life upon the field, in the honored company of General
Warren and many another hero of the great fight.

Besides the names of men already given as serving in 1775,
there are the following: William Owens, — a member of Capt.
Freedom Chamberlin's Pembroke company in Gen. John Thomas's
regiment, and who was transferred to Capt. Ezra Badlam's com-
pany in Col. Richard Gridley's regiment of "Train," June II, —
Benjamin Lincoln, also of Captain Chamberlin's company, and

VOL. I. — 19

290 History of Hingham.

Nahum Davis, of Capt. Jonathan Bardwell's company in Col.
David Brewer's regiment. Davis also entered the artillery in June.

Marsh Lewis's name appears on the rolls of both Capt. Daniel
Lothrop's company and Capt. Eleazar Hamlin's company in
Thomas's regiment. Josiah Oakes appears as a lieutenant in
Capt. Job Cushing's company of Heath's regiment ; he must have
held his commission a short time only.

On the loth of June, 1775, the Continental Congress voted to
adopt, under the name of the Continental Army, the troops of the
several provinces then constituting the provincial army operating
about Boston ; and on the 16th Washington was chosen its com-
mander-in-chief. This organization, to which reinforcements and
new regiments were added from time to time, was quite different
in its constitution from the force raised under a resolve of Sep-
tember 10, 1770, known as the Continental Line. This latter
body constituted during the remainder of the struggle the main
reliance and hope of the Americans : it was indeed the backbone
of the army, and corresponded to the regulars of subsequent times.

Under the resolve, eighty -eight battalions were to be raised for
service during the war ; of this number Massachusetts furnished
and placed in the field no less than sixteen of infantry and one of
artillery. — exceeding her quota, which required but fifteen. We
shall hereafter see many Hingham names on the rolls of these
never-to-be-forgotten regiments.

The summer of 1775 and the succeeding winter wore away and
still the siege of the New England town went on. The expira-
tion of short enlistments, and the habit which seems to have pre-
vailed among the militia belonging to at least certain of the
provinces, of leaving the camp for home almost at will, caused
sudden depictions in the American ranks, which were both alarm-
ing and exasperating to Washington and to the authorities gener-
ally. The Provincial Congress of Massachusetts during its win-
ter session reorganized the militia of the province. Three major-
generals were appointed, and thirteen regiments formed, of which
ten arrived in camp early in February ; besides these there were
several thousand minute men held in reserve and ready to march
when called upon. By an order in council passed in February,
the companies in Weymouth, Hingham, Cohasset, and Hull were
organized as the Second Suffolk regiment ; thus the old regi-
ment dating from the days of Winthrop and Dudley and which
had been commanded by them, by Col. Wm. Stoughton, b}r Josiah
Quincy, by our own John Thaxtcr, and both Benjamin Lincoln
and Benjamin Lincoln, Jr., ceased to exist. The new command
was, however, practically the same as the old, whose designation,
it mav be recalled, had alreadv been changed from the Third
Suffolk to the Second Suffolk, although Braintree, so long united
with us, no longer composed a part of the regiment. Solomon
Lovell was the new colonel, and Benjamin Lincoln, who had re-
cently commanded the regiment, and who had been untiring in his

Military History.

291

services to the country from the commencement of the war, was
chosen brigadier-general on February 8, and major-general just
one month later. The other regimental officers were David
Gushing, lieut.-colonel ; Thomas Lothrop, 1st major; Isaiah dish-
ing, 2d major.

March 4th General Thomas with two thousand men took pos-
session of Dorchester Heights, and immediately constructed strong
works as laid out by Colonel Gridley. At this time the army was
reinforced by a portion of the militia. From Hingham there
marched three companies ; they were all from Colonel Lovell's
command, and were placed in the works at Dorchester. The
rolls are as follows : —

Seth Lincoln,
Jesse Bates,
Joshua Lincoln.
Ezra French,
Sam1 Norton. Clerk,
Tho3 Marsh, Jr., Corp
John Gill,

Jacob Deal, "

Stephen Stodder, "
Isaac Sprague, Drum,
David Andrews, Fifer
Joseph Hammond,
Elijah Waters, jun.,
Mitchel Lincoln,
Ezra Lincoln,
Isaac Gardner,
Nath1 Fearing,
John Hobart, Jun.,
James Hobart,

Thos Hearsey, Capt.,
Levi Lincoln, 1st Lieut.,
Joseph Deal, 2 ki

Caleb Hobart,
Daniel Hobart,

Sergt

Nath1 Stodder,
Benj. Ward,
Tho8 W'aterman, jun.,
Elisha Remington, jun.,
Nath1 Lincoln,
Bradford Hearsey,
Nath1 Gill,
James Leavitt,
John Beal, jun.,
Gilbert Hearsey,
Joseph Stockbridge,
Sam1 Hobart,
Barnabas Lincoln,
Welcome Lincoln,
Theodore French,
Jona French, Jun.,
Joseph Blake.

Hawkes Fearing, Clerk,
Samuel Gill, Jr., Sergt,
Elijah Whiton. Jr., "
Thomas Jones. Jr., "
Amos Sprague, Corp.,
David Burr,
John Burr, Jun., "
John Blossom, "
Zadoc Hearsey, Drummer,
Sol0 Cushing, Fifer,

Peter Cushing, Capt.,

Thomas Burr, Lieut.,

Thomas Fearing, "

Shubael Fearing,
John Jones,
Abel Fearing,
Benjamin Sprague, Jun
Jacob Cushing, Jun.,
Allen Simmons,
Thomas King,
Nehemiah Ripley,
Isaac Sprague, Jun.,
David Sprague,

Private,

u

a

u
a
a
u

292

History of Hingham.

David Sprague, Pr

Moses Whiton,
Jerom Ripley,
Seth Briggs,
Benj. Joy,
Israel Hearsey,
Reuben Hearsey,
Samuel Leavitt,
Joshua Leavitt, Jun.,
Joshua Loring,
Ebed Cushing,
Cashing Burr,
Nath : Gilbert,
Cornelius Barns, Jun.,
Ensign Barns,

ivate,

William Cushing,

Private,

a

Benjamin Cushing,

Jun.,"

it

Jared Lane,

a

a

David Lane,

a

a

Rufus Lane,

a

a

Martin Tower,

a

it

Daniel Souther,

a

a

Jacob Thaxter,

a

it

Jacob Thaxter,

a

a

Matthew Cushing,

it

a

Silas Joy, Jun.,

it

a

Enoch Stodder,

u

u

Isaach Cushing,

it

it

Jonathan Loring.

a

Sergeant,
a

a

Corporal,

David Cushing,

Samuel Gardner,

Zach Whiton,

Edward Wilder,

Tho8 Cushing,

Abraham Whiton,

Abisha Lewis, Drummer,

Bela Tower, Fifer,

Job Loring, Private,

Ebenezer dishing, "

Samuel Whiton, Jun., "

Zenas Wilder,

Robert Gardner,

Ezckiel Cushing,

Thomas Wilder,

Daniel Wilder,

Joshua Hearsey,

Isaiah Tower,

Jonathan Whiten,

James Tower,

Samuel Wilder, Jan.,

Stephen Gardner, 3,

Pyam Cushing, Capt.,
Elias Whiton, Lieut.,
Joshua Tower, "
Theophilus Cushing, Clerk,

Jacob Sprague, Jun., Private,

Daniel Whiton,

Hawkes Hobart,

it
a

a

a
u
u

David Gardner, Jun.,
Seth Sprague,
Zenas Whiton,
Stephen Tower,
Benjamin Whiten,
Isaiah Stodder,
Amasa Whiton.
Benjamin Ward,
Edward Bailey,
Jeremiah Gardner,
Jacob Dunbar,
Laban Stodder,
David Farrow, Jun.,
Solomon Whiton,
Benjamin Dunbar,
Elijah Whiton,
Peter Hobert,
Josiah Lane,
Elisha Whiton.

a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
a
u
it
it
a
a
a
a
a

The first of these companies, that commanded by Capt. Thomas
Hearsey, came from the vicinity of Broad Bridge, and was what
would now be called, if still existing, the " down town " company.

The company commanded by Capt. Peter Cushing, and known
as the "Third Foot Company" was made up principally of men
from the Lower Plain, now commonly known as Centre Hingham.

Military History. 293

while Capt. Pyam dishing and his men came from Glad Tidings
Plain and vicinity, comprising the region known as South Hing-
ham. Capt. Pyam dishing who was a brother-in-law of General
Lincoln, died daring the ensuing summer.

During the early days of the Revolution, it will be remembered,
there was great difficulty in obtaining a sufficient supply of pow-
der for the army, and its manufacture was stimulated and en-
courged in every possible way. Hingham performed her part in
this as in other things, and a certificate of the purity of the salt-
petre produced is here given : —

These may certify that the salt petre now presented for sale by Mr.
Joseph Beal ( about 80 or 90 weight) was manufactured at Hingham by
David & Israel Beal, Israel Lincoln, Jacob Beal, and Heman Lincoln.

Benj. Cushing \ Selectmen
Joseph Andrews \ of Hingham.
Hingham, March 11, 1776.

March 15, 1776, Capt. Peter Cushing's company was on duty at
Hingham for sea-coast defence ; it was engaged four days at this
time. With the exception of John Jones, David Sprague, Benj.
Joy, Ebed Cushing, Cornelius Barns, Ensign Barns, and David
Lane who did not serve on this occasion, the roll contains the
same names as did that of the company when in the defences at
Dorchester, as well as the following in addition : —

Jacob Leavitt, Abner Loring,

Thomas Loring, 3d, Isaiah Wilder,

Joseph Mansfield, Jesse Sprague,

Noah Stodder, Robert Goold,

John Beal, Stephen Cushing,

Joseph Leavitt, John Burr,

Jonathan Smith, Noah Humphrey,

Samuel Burr. Jacob Loring,

John Fearing, Joseph Levis,

David Lincoln. Moses Bass,

Thomas Burr, Jr., Benj. Binney,

Isaac Hearsev, Benj. Jones,

Thomas Berry, Jonathan Burr,

Joseph Loring, James Fearing,

Thomas Cushing, Samuel Loring,

Silas Joy, Thomas Jones,

Caleb Beal, Jeremiah Sprague,

Loring Bailey, Caleb Goold,

Mark Clark, Joseph Dorson,

Gridley Thaxter, Isaac Beal, Jr.,

Solomon Blake, Eben Lincoln, Jr.,

Thomas Leach, Thomas Lincoln.
Daniel Souther,

294 History of Hingham.

It was a large company, and more than ninety men performed
duty on this occasion.

Not only was Hingham a military post during the siege of Bos-
ton with a regular garrison at Broad Cove, but it was also one of
the sea-coast towns called upon, as in the instance just noted, for
her own defence, and very frequently too for assistance in pro-
tecting her neighbors from threatened British descents. This
service became so onerous that the Council appointed General
Lincoln its agent to appeal to Washington for relief on behalf of
a number of the towns, as appears by the following from Revolu-
tionary Council Papers, vol. i. : —

"In Council, March 20th, 1776.

" On motion ordered, That Benj. Lincoln Esqr wait on his Exy Gen.
Washington to request of him that as the militia of the several towns of
Hingham, Weymouth, Braintree, have for a number of days past been
stationed on the sea coast of those towns in order to watch the motions of
the fleet & army now in the harbor of Boston and to prevent their rava-
ging and plundering the country, he would send a sufficient detachment
from the army under his command to their relief."

The General seems to have had better use for his troops, how-
ever, both then and later; and as we shall see, until nearly the
close of the war, Hingham continued to defend the sea-coast with
large numbers of her men, and especially by manning the impor-
tant works at Hull.

Sunday, March 17th, General Howe evacuated Boston, and Gen-
eral Putnam and General Ward entered the town. The next day
General Heath with five regiments was ordered to New York,
and with them went our townsmen under the two Captain Cush-
ings. General Washington entered Boston at the head of the
army on the *20th, and on April 4th, he left Cambridge for New
York, General Ward with five regiments remaining for the pro-
tection of Boston.

But although the British army had departed, the sea-coast
towns continued under the menace of the fleet commanded by
Commodore Banks which lingered in the harbor, and which was
reinforced by seven transports loaded with Highlanders. The
people feared the return of Howe, and fortifications were thrown
up at East Boston, Point Allerton, and elsewhere. Finally a plan
proposed by General Lincoln, to drive the enemy from the harbor,
received the sanction of the Council of Massachusetts, and on
June 13th and 14th it was put in execution. General Ward sent
a part of the Continental troops under his command to assist the
militia who Avere ordered out for the attempt. To the old Com-
monwealth belongs the sole credit for the success of the last act
in the military operations around Boston.

Like a brilliant panoramic view the scene passes again before
our eyes, and the sound of martial music and the thunder of artil-
lery comes once more to our ears. It is almost a year to a day

Military History. 295

since through the streets of the queer little New England capital,
with its stately mansions, its gable-roofed shops, and crooked,
sidewalklcss, cobble-paved streets, inarched out the bright red col-
umns which under Howe and Clinton and Pigot moved up the
sides of Bunker Hill, on whose green slopes the serried ranks
melted away before the blaze of Prescott's muskets, and whose
soil drank up with eager thirst the flowing life-blood of Warren
and Pitcairn, and many another brave and gallant hero — Pro-
vincial and British alike. And now in these same streets the drum
is again calling men to arms, and along Cornhill, — now Washing-
ton Street, — by the Old South, so lately a riding school for Eng-
lish troopers, roll the guns of Craft's artillery. Here too come
detachments from Colonel Marshall's and Colonel Whitney's regi-
ments and the Continentals whom General Ward has detailed,
— undoubtedly with a thrill of satisfaction as he recalls the anx-
ious June day when he commanded at Cambridge a twelvemonth
since. By the bookstore of Daniel Henchman where General
Knox had been an apprentice, the troops turn into King Street
and passing the Town House march over the spot where Captain
Preston and the men of the 29th regiment shot down the people
on the night of March 5, 1770, and thence to Long Wharf where
they are to embark.

What a flood of memories the place awakens ! It was here
that Governor Shirley, returning in 1745 from the reduction of
Louisburg, landed amid the acclamations of the people and the
salutes of the shipping, and was received by the Cadets under
Colonel Pollard, the Troops of Horse, the Chelsea company, and
Colonel Wendell's regiment ; here too in May, 1774, the Cadets re-
ceived General Gage, then Governor of the Province, and here on
the 17th of June of the following year General Gage embarked
the regiments which at Charlestown lost for England an empire,
and in America wrote in blood one of the earliest and most mem-
orable pages in the history of a new nation. And now like a beau-
tiful picture, on this calm summer morning lie the blue waters of
Boston harbor and of our own, both dotted with islands fresh in
the bright green of early summer, and both reflecting the white
sails which hang like the snowy wings of great gulls over them.
Beneath some of these frown the guns, and over them floats the
cross of St. George, while in the distance a pine tree on a white
ground marks the anchorage of a Yankee cruiser. Meanwhile
too, from all the towns and villages around, comes the same tap-
tap of the drum and the cheery note of the fife, and down to the
water side march the militia, — the militia which the frequent
alarms of the past year, the occasional skirmish with the enemy, the
work in the trenches at Dorchester, and the manning of the lines
at Roxbury, have made into veteran soldiers. Now they respond
with unusual alacrity. The hilltops are covered with eager and
anxious spectators for miles around. With them we watch the
embarkation, and then the long hours of the bright summer day

296 History of Hingham.

pass wearily ; the garrison flag at the Castle and the ensign on
Commodore Banks' ship hang alike lifeless in the all-pervading
calm ; the transports drift rather than sail towards their destina-
tions. The sun sets for the last time upon the British fleet in
Boston harbor. By the morning of the 14th all is in readiness.
Capt. Peter dishing with his Hingham men are in the works at
Hull, while with them are other companies from the sea-coast, and
a part of the militia from Boston ; the whole forming a consider-
able force, including a portion of Colonel Craft's famous train of
artillery, — another detachment of which, with some militia, has
been posted at Pettick's Island, adjoining. There are about six
hundred men at each place. About the same number of militia
from the towns near, together with a detachment of artillery, are
distributed at Moon Island, Hof's Neck, and Point Allerton, while
Colonel Whitcomb, with the regulars and two eighteen-pounders,
has taken post at Long Island. The various companies from the
vicinity are at their posts. Suddenly there is a flash followed by
a puff of smoke, and a few seconds later, a bang from one of Col-
onel Whitcomb's guns at Long Island ; the engagement has com-
menced. And now the flashes and puffs and bangs come from all
around, and the great guns of his Majesty's ships make a spirited
reply. There goes a shot from Hull ; we may be sure that was
from Hingham's cannon, which, as we shall see a little later, the
selectmen paid Hawkes Fearing for carrying over to the neighbor-
ing town. The smoke drifts lazily away, and at times almost ob-
scures the vision. It is a grand and exciting scene that is being
enacted. The Continentals, the Minute-men, the English, — these
are the performers in the closing act of the siege of Boston. A
shot from the Americans pierces the upper works of the Commo-
dore's ship ; the contest is over. A signal, and up go the sails, out
by Nantasket into the open sea pass the enemy's squadron, while
with a great explosion and a dull roar the lighthouse sinks be-
neath the waves. As the evening sun neared the horizon and
lighted the fleecy clouds, turning them into great masses of crim-
son and gold, and the unruffled waters became magnificent in their
pink and gilded glow, the land breeze blew out no enemy's colors,
and upon the harbor rested only the peaceful Yankee merchant-
man, or the American cruiser, over which idly floated the pine-tree
ensign, while a feeling of quiet and thanksgiving settled over a
freed Commonwealth.

In the useful, honorable, and distinguished life of Benjamin Lin-
coln, there may have been greater triumphs than that which the
successful achievement of this June day brought, but for us there
is a homelike and personal character about the event that endears
it especially ; and it would be difficult not to believe that the
sturdy heart of our Hingham general beat the quicker and with a
warmer glow as he watched the enemy's topmasts sink beneath
the distant horizon, and felt that the freeing of the capital and of
the homes of his neighbors and of his own home from the fear and

Military History.

297

menace of the preceding months was the attainment, at least in
part, of the men of his own town, and the companies of his own
regiment.

Among the companies in service on this day was that of Capt.
Peter dishing of Hingham. The roll differs somewhat from that
already given and is a,s follows : —

Serg1
a

..

Corp.

u

Daniel Cashing, Jr

Thomas Jones, "

Elijah Whiton,

Amos Sprague,

David Burr,

John Burr, Jr., "

Zadock Hearsey, Drum,

Solomon Cashing, Fife,

William dishing, Private,

Joshua Loring, "

Thomas Cashing,

Reuben Hearsey,

Benj. Gushing, Jr.,

Ebed dishing,

Moses Whiton,

Nehemiah Ripley

Isaac Sprague, Jr.,

Benj. Barns,

John Hunt,

Peter Cushing, Capt.,

Thomas Burr, Lieut.,

Thomas Fearing, "

Martin Tower,
Isaac Hearsey,
Joseph Mansfield,
Daniel Souther,
Jonathan Smith,
Jesse Sprague,
Samuel Lazell,
Isaiah Hearsey, Jr.,
David Lane,
Rufus Lane,
Abel Fearing,
Levi Burr,
Matthew Cushing,
Isaiah Wilder,
Laban Hunt,
Thomas Loring, Jr.,
Joshua Leavitt,
Squire (a negro).

u
a
a
a
u
a
a

Private,

u

..

u

u
u
u
u
a

a

The same company was again called into the service on June
23d, and responded with the additional names of —

Abner Loring,
Jacob Thaxter,
Elisha Gushing, Jr.,
Thomas King,
John Barns, Jr.,
Thomas Berry,
Benj. Joy,
David Sprague,
Benj. Cushing, Jr.,

Nathaniel Gilbert,
Welcome Beal,
Enoch Stodder,
Reuben Simmons,
Isaac Cushing,
Silas Joy, Jr.,
Noah Stodder,
Israel Stodder,
Shubael Fearing

On the same date, and also at Hull, we find another Hing-
ham company in the service. Although there appears to be
no record of the occasion, the alarm must have been pressing
to require the presence of such a number of men. The roll is
here given : —

298

History of Hingham.

Heman Lincoln,
Joseph Beal,
Saml Norton, Clerk,
Ezra French, Sergt.,
Seth Lincoln,
Jesse Waters,
Joshua Lincoln,
Nath1 Stoddard,
Japeth Hobart,
Gersham Lincoln,
James Hobart,
Nath1 Lincoln, Jr.,
Gilbert Hearsey,
Isaiah Lincoln,
Tho9 Stoddard,

1st Lieut.

9 «

Abijah Stoddard,
James Leavitt,
William Tidmarsh,
Caleb Hobart,
Barnibas Lincoln,
David Beal, Jr.,
John Hobart,
Caleb Marsh,
David Andrews,
Joseph Stockbridge,
John Hobart, Jr.,
Daniel Hobart,
Thomas Marsh, Jr.,
Jacob Beal,
Jacob Wbiton.

Captain dishing was again at Hull for a number of days in the
following December, but the roll of the 14th of that month is
quite different from those preceding it, and is here given : —

Peter Gushing, Capt.,

Levi Bates, Lieut.,

Jerom Stephenson, Lieut.,

Noah Stodder,
Thos dishing,

Isaac dishing, Sergt.,

a

a

Elisha Stephenson,

Isaiah Hearsey, Jr.,

John Burbanks,

Timothy Gushing, Corp.,

Jesse Sprague, "

David Burr,

Nath Bates,

Levi Tower, Drumr,

Matthew Cushing,

Daniel Souther,

Isaiah Wilder,

Abel Fearing,

Benj : Sprague, Jr.,

David Burr,

David Lane,

Silas Joy, Jr.,

Shubael Fearing,

Matthew Hunt,

Samuel Burr,

Tho9 Berry,

Samuel Thaxter,

Benj. Joy,

Ebed dishing,

Joshua Loring,

Nehemiah Ripley,
Thomas King,
Cushing Burr,
Abel Beal,

Lusanus Stephenson,
Abner Bates,
John Wilant, Jr.,
Daniel Nichols, Jr.,
Gershom Wheelwright,
Ambross Bates,
Zenas Lincoln,
Jonathan dishing, Jr.,
Tho5 Pratt,
Eli Lane,
Zcbulon Wilcut,

Ur Lincoln,

Lazarus Lincoln.
Job Wilcut,
Ephraim Lincoln,
Samuel Bates, Jr.,
Jonathan Bates,
John Pritchet,
\bncr Bates.

Military History.

299

Capt. Peter Cushing resided on East Street ; he was a brother of
Capt. Stephen Cushing, also a soldier of the Revolution. Enoch
Dunbar was in the Canada expedition in Captain Stephens' com-
pany of artillery. Capt. Seth Stowers commanded a company in
Col. Josiah Whitney's regiment, and was on duty at Hull in Octo-
ber, 1776. His roll was as follows : —

Seth Stowers, Capt.,
Peter Nichols, 1st Lieut.,
Elijah Beals, 2

Sergt,

a
u

Elijah Lewis,
Joseph Wilder,
John Gill,
Benjamin Jacobs, "
David Lincoln, Corp.,
Stephen Stodder,
Joshua Beal, "

Abisha Lewis, Drum,
Nathl Dills, Fifer,
Gershom Beals,
Isaac Beals,
John Bray,
Elisha Bates,
Cushing Burr,
Joshua Beals, Jr.,
Elisha Beals,
Benj. Barnes,
Elisha Bates, Jr.,
Joseph Beals,
Welcome Beals,
Jaraus Beals,
Timothy Clark,
Sherediah Corthell,
Jas Cushing,
Rob't Gardner,
Joshua Gardner,
John Hearsey,
Jesse Humphreys,

Edmund Hobart,
Ezekiel Horsey,
Elisha House,
Joseph Hudson,
Gideon Howard,
Abner Joy,
Jedediah Joy,
Lot Lincoln, Jr.,
Caleb Leavitt,
Ephraim Lincoln,
Joseph Marble,
Thos Marble,
James Marble,
Jonathan Allen,
James Tower,
Elisha Merritt,
Bela Tower,
Stephen Mansfield,
Jesse Tower,
Enoch Stoddar,
Noah Stoddar,
Daniel Stoddar,
Joseph Souther,
Timothy Thayer,
Isaac Whitten,
Stephen Whitten,
Joseph Wilcutt,
Thos. Wilcutt.

This company was on duty eight months at Nantasket. Cap-
tain Penniman, of Braintree, commanded a company in Colonel
Francis' regiment. It was composed of men drafted from Hing-
hani, Dorchester, Braintree, Stoughtenham, and Milton.

The following are the names of Hinsham men who served with it :

Theophilus Wilder, 1st Lieut.,

John Blowson, Sergt.,

Daniel Wilder, Corp.,

Bela Tower, Fifer,

Wm Gardenner, Private,

Laban Tower, Private,

Jonathan Gardener, "
David Prouty, "

Jonathan Farer, "

Ezekiel Cushing.

300 History of Hingham.

" A Pay Roll of Cap* Joseph Trufant's Company Raised for the
Defense of ye Sea Coast within State of ye Massachusetts from the
first of December down too the first of January, 1777," contains
the following names of Hingham men : —

Thos Bicknell, Sergt.,
Thos Gill, Private,
Sam1 Lazell.

In still another company we find Hingham men serving in the
year 1776 ; Capt. Abisha Brown, of Concord, commanded a com-
pany in Col. Josiah Whitney's regiment, which served at Hull ;
and from a roll of the men in camp there in November we get the
following names : —

Nehemiah Sprague, Japeth Hobart,

Samuel Lazell, Jacob Whiton,

Thomas Wilder, James Bates.

September 12, a resolve passed the General Court which pro-
vided for reinforcing the army at New York, by sending a part of
the militia; and on the 14th the House of Representatives by a
resolve concurred in by the Council on the 16th, chose General
Lincoln to command the men raised for the purpose.

The town had already sent Lieut. John Burr with fifteen men to
Ticonderoga, where they joined a company commanded by Cap-
tain Endicott, and now more were to be raised under the resolve
of the legislature. During the month, September, Capt. Peter
Cashing obtained twenty-three, who were sent to New York, and
in December Capt. Job dishing marched for the same state
with thirty-seven men credited to Hingham. It has not been
possible to obtain the names of all of the above, but the roll of
Capt. Job Cushing's company, augmented to over fifty, is here
given. Considerable information about its service is obtainable
from a diary kept by Thomas Burr, a lieutenant in the company,
who had already served not only in the army of the Revolution,
but still earlier in the last French war, in which he had also kept
a journal, and recorded many incidents of the service of a Hing-
ham company. The roll, which included some Cohasset names,
was : —

Job Cushing, Capt.,
Tho9 Burr, " 1 Lieut.,
Joseph Beal, 2 "
Isaac Sprague, Sergt., Nathan Gilbert, Corp.,

Jabes Wilder, " Zadock Hersey, Drum.,

Thomas Marsh, " Levi Teakes, Fifer,

Jerom Lincoln, " Jairus Beal, Private,

Caleb Pratt, Corp., Gershom Beal, "

Caleb Joy, " James Bates, ".

David Beal, " Lazarus A. Beal, "

Military History.

301

Adna Bates,
Daniel Oushing,
James Chubbuck,
Theodore French,
Thomas Gill,
Samuel Gill,
John Gill,
Gideon Howard,
William Hobart,
Caleb Hobart,
Jeremiah Hersey,
Hawkes Hobart,
Edmund Hobart,
Japheth Hobart,
John Hunt,
Benj. Joy,
Israel Lincoln,
Beza Lincoln,

Private,

u

u

a

u

u

u

«

it

it

it

Jared Lane,
Henry Lambert,
Micah Nichols,
Ambrose Nichols,
Luke Orcutt,
Ephraim Orcutt,
Hezekiah Ripley,
James Stodder,
Daniel Stodder,
Jacob Stodder,
Isaiah Stodder,
Benj. Stetson,
Stephen Tower,
Peter Tower,
Timothy Thayer,
Benjamin Ward,
Benjamin White,
Levi Tower.

Private,

a

a

a

a
a
it
a
it

These men were in the army at this time from about December
19, 1776, to April 2, 1777, and perhaps longer. Captain dish-
ing, like Lieutenant Burr, was an experienced officer ; his com-
pany marched from Hingham on the former of the above dates,
through Abington, and afterwards by way of Pawtucket and Provi-
dence, through Rhode Island and Connecticut, their long journey
leading them to Hartford and Waterbury among other places.
Finally they entered New York, arriving at Westchester Jan-
uary 7th. Brief as are the records in Lieutenant Burr's diary,
they interest us not a little, for the personal glimpses which are
afforded by them of the marches and skirmishes and experiences
of our own townsmen.

Thus he says under date of Jan. 19: "One of our men killed
by a cannon ball from the enemy." On the 21st, " Alarmed by
the Hessians — -they driven back." 23d, "Skirmish — one Lt.
and 1 men killed." 27th, " Lay in ambush — our cannon played
on Fort Independence." He tells of marches to Tarrytown, where
Andre was subsequently captured, and other places in the vicinity ;
and at last, in February, of the entry into Morristown in New Jer-
sey. Here were the headquarters of Washington during the win-
ter succeeding his brilliant achievements at Trenton and Prince-
ton. Here too our old fighting chaplain appears again, and
Lieutenant Burr says, under date of February 12 : " Sundav Mr.
Thaxter preached from Psalms 118-18 & 19 v." March 2d, he held
forth to his friends and fellow soldiers from home. March 9th,
the diary tells us that there was a " Skirmish between 2000 of the
enemy & 1000 of our men — our men beat them back ; " and so
on. In July Colonel Marshall's and Colonel Whitney's regiments
were ordered to Canada. In both there were Hingham men, al-

302 History of Hlngham.

though there is such confusion in the rolls as to make it practi-
cally impossible to give names and time of service.

The town continued as earnest at home in the support of the
patriot cause as it was active in the field. March 18, 1776,
Theophilus Cushing, John Fearing, Thomas Loring, Israel Beal,
and Peter Hobart were chosen a Committee of Correspondence,
Inspection and Safety ; and May 23d, Benjamin Lincoln, Hezekiah
Cushing, and Dea. Joshua Ilersey were appointed a committee
to prepare instructions for the representatives, Enoch Lincoln,
Theophilus Cushing, and John Fearing, just chosen. This they
did in the following terms : —

"O

»

To Enoclt Lincoln, Theopftilus Cusliing, and John Fearing :

Gentlemen, — You are delegated to represent the Town of Hingham
in the next General Court to be held in this colony ; and although we
entertain the highest sense of your integrity, patriotism, and ability, of
which we have given full evidence in appointing you to this weighty trust,
yet as matters of the greatest importance relative to the freedom and
happiness not only of this but of all of the United Colonies, on which you
may wish to have the advice of your constituents, will come before you
for your determination — you are instructed and directed at all times to
give your vote and interest in support of the present struggle with Great
Britain. We ask nothing of her but " Peace, Liberty, and Safety." You
will never recede from that claim ; and agreeably to a resolve of the late
House of Representatives, in case the honourable Continental Congress
declare themselves independent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, solemnly
to engage in behalf of your constituents, that they will with their lives
and fortunes support them in the measure. You will also, as soon as may
be, endeavor to procure a more equal representation of this colony in
General Assembly ; and that it be b}T fewer members than at present the
several towns have a right to return ; and when this is affected you will
give your vote for calling a new house.

Benjamin Lincoln, Town Clerk.

It is impossible not to notice the signature, or to avoid giving a
thought to the man who wrote the words, " Benjamin Lincoln,
Town Clerk," at the foot of this document. Within a period of a
little more than a year he had as colonel of his regiment been
hurrying his men to Lexington and to the investiture of Boston ;
been chosen by the Council the first of the Committee, upon which
were also Major Fuller, of Newton, Mr. Singleton, Mr. Durfee, and
Mr. Dexter, to consider the very important matter of providing
each of the soldiers composing the army then rapidly gathering
around Boston with the coats which had been promised as a
bounty to each man upon enlistment, — from which comes the
te.m " Coat Rolls," as applied to the lists of the Massachusetts
troops raised to besiege Lord Howe ; been sent to Washington by
the Council upon the matter of sea-coast defence ; been promoted
to be brigadier-general in the colonial establishment ; in May,
1775, served as a member of the Provincial Congress, of which

Military History. 303

body he was also secretary, and in July represented the town in
the General Court at Watertown, besides being a member of the
Committee of Correspondence, — one of the most active patriots
of the day, yet finding time to attend faithfully to the humble
duties of clerk of his native town. Hingham has ample justifica-
tion for her pride in Major-General Benjamin Lincoln, of the
Army of the Revolution. Only the briefest sketch of his life can
be here given. Born in Hingham, Jan. 24, 1733, he was the son
of Colonel Benjamin Lincoln, commander of the third Suffolk
regiment and a member of his Majesty's council. At twenty-one
years of age young Benjamin was one of the six constables of the
town, which office he held two years. In 1755 he became adju-
tant of his father's regiment, and in 1757 was chosen town clerk,
succeeding his father in that office, who in his turn had, in 1727,
succeeded his father, also Benjamin Lincoln. In 1763 Mr. Lincoln
became second major of the regiment. In 1766 he was elected
one of the selectmen, and held this office during the next live
years. He became Lieut.-Colonel in 1772, and was in command
of the regiment at the opening of the Revolution. In 1772 he
represented the town in the General Court, and was re-elected
in 1773 and 1774. As already seen, General Lincoln was one of
the earliest and most prominent in opposing the encroachments
of the Crown upon the liberties of the people, serving upon the
town's Committees of Correspondence, Safety, and Militia. His
services in the Provincial Congress and his activity and useful-
ness in the opening months of the Revolution have been referred
to previously. February 8, 1776, he was commissioned brigadier-
general by Massachusetts, and in the May following major-general.
During the first year of the war General Lincoln rendered most
valuable service to the army as a member of the committee on
supplies ; and the miscellaneous papers at the State House afford
many instances of most important orders signed by him in that
capacity. He planned and commanded the successfully executed
movements which finally drove the enemy from Boston harbor
in 1776. During the same vcar he commanded the reinforce-
ments of militia sent by the province to Washington. So urgent
were the requests of the latter for assistance that every fifth man
was ordered to respond, the sea-coast towns being exempted at
this time. While in New York, General Lincoln commanded one
of the four divisions of the army. Toward the close of the year
he was appointed to the command of the militia raised in Massa-
chusetts and Connecticut for the defence of Rhode Island. On
the 19th February, 1777, Stirling, St. Clair, Lincoln, Mifflin, and
Stephen were commissioned major-generals in the Continental
service. In the following July General Lincoln was selected by
Washington to command the New England militia raised to aid
the Northern army operating against Burgoyne. Gaining the rear
of the British, Lincoln despatched Colonel Brown to attempt the
recapture of Ticonderoga and the posts in the vicinity. The

304 History of Hingham.

expedition accomplished important results. On the 29th September
General Lincoln with two thousand men joined the main army
under Gates, and October 8 he was severely wounded in the leg
during a skirmish. Before returning to Hingham, it became
necessary to remove a considerable portion of the main bone, and
under the painful operation it is said that he exhibited most un-
common patience and fortitude. It was years before recovery
from the wound was complete, and it occasioned lameness during
the remainder of his life. General Lincoln reported for duty at
the headquarters of the army in the following August, to the great
gratification of Washington. At the request of the delegates
from South Carolina and Georgia he was designated by Congress
to take command of the southern department. He arrived in
Charleston in December, 1778, and was compelled to form an
army and raise supplies. In this he showed unconquerable energy
and perseverance. For nearly a year he kept the English under
Prevost below the Savannah, and being joined by D'Estaing with
the French fleet, lie invested Savannah on September 23, 1779.
October 9th, the combined forces in three columns and led by
D'Estaing and Lincoln in person, made an assault on the enemy's
works. The allies were defeated with great loss ; it was here
that Count Pulaski was killed, with many other gallant officers.
The siege was immediately raised and the French sailed away,
leaving Lincoln to contend alone against the victorious army. A
more unfortunate ending to what promised to be a brilliant cam-
paign can hardly be conceived. The fault lay with the impatience
of the French commander, at the necessarily deliberate approaches
which the siege required, and his determination to abandon the
attempt unless an immediate assault was undertaken. After the
disastrous failure to capture the place, General Lincoln retreated
to Charleston, where he passed the winter in vain endeavors to
hold an army together and inspire the population with the spirit
of patriotism and resistance. By March he had only fourteen
hundred men left, while the town and the surrounding country
were full of Loyalists. In April Sir Henry Clinton invested
Charleston with five thousand men, and on May 11th after a re-
sistance of forty days, General Lincoln surrendered with his whole
army. His conduct of the campaign has received severe criti-
cism ; but whatever its merits or demerits, he lost the confidence
of neither the army nor the country, and when in the following
spring he again reported for duty, it was to receive from Washing-
ton an important command. In July he threatened New York,
but finding it impracticable to attack the English there, withdrew
under Washington's orders, and with his division marched across
New Jersey and into Virginia, where he took part in the siege of
Yorktown. On the 6th of October the first parallel was com-
menced by troops commanded by General Lincoln, and on the
19th the garrison surrendered, — Cornwallis' sword being received
by Lincoln, who as a special honor from Washington was in charge

Military History. 305

of the ceremonies. A few days after Congress appointed General
Lincoln Secretary of War, allowing, him to retain his rank in the
army. This office he resigned two years later and retired to his
home at Hingham, receiving most complimentary resolutions from
Congress. In 1784 he was chosen one of the commissioners to
make a treaty with the Penobscot Indians. He commanded the
militia raised to suppress Shays' rebellion in 1786-1787, and by
the exercise of great energy and tact restored order in a very short
time. In 1787 he was elected Lieut.-Governor of Massachusetts,
was commander of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Com-
pany in 1788, and was a member of the convention which ratified
the Constitution of the United States. In 1789 Washington ap-
pointed him the first collector of the port of Boston, which office
he held nearly twenty years. He was also a commissioner to treat
with the Creek Indians in 1789, and to effect a treaty of peace with
the Western Indians in 1793. General Lincoln was one of the
first members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and
a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, contributing
papers to each. He was also President of the Society of the Cin-
cinnati from its organization until his decease. He received the
degree of Master of Arts from Harvard University, in 1780.

This is the outline of a life which for honorable, untiring useful-
ness has few equals. We long to fill in the details ; to picture
the young general of forty-three in command of one of Wash-
ington's divisions, — the great commander himself but a little
older ; to tell of his sending the blankets from his own home to
cover his suffering men in the field ; to recall the spirit and fire
with which he inspired the militia, and led it to the victory at
Saratoga ; to follow him while he toils in the swamps of the Caro-
linas with his handful of men ;' and finally, to witness his triumph
at Yorktown. We would like, too, to see this pure, brave man in
the quiet and sweetness of his home-life, among the friends with
whom he had served in the field, and among whom he loved to
mingle in the happy peace that followed. For the details of all
this and much more, there is not room. . General Lincoln was of
middle height, erect, broad-chested, and muscular, with the air of
a soldier. He was conspicuous for his frankness, integrity, pru-
dence, inflexibility, and strong common-sense. He was cool in
deliberation, and prompt in execution. His private life was with-
out a stain, and no profane word passed his lips. He was one of
the organizers of the Third Congregational (Unitarian) Society,
and until his death among its most active members. There was
no room in General Lincoln's character for that smallness of
mind which sneers at religious belief in others, or boasts its ab-
sence in one's self. In this as in all else he was as sincere as
modest. Never cowardly in disavowal of the great faith he had,
and unwilling to permit his convictions to appear in doubt, he was
also considerate and liberal regarding the opinions and beliefs of
others. Benjamin Lincoln died May 9, 1810, and he lacked

vol. i. — 20

306

History of Hingham.

GENERAL LINCOLN'S MONUMENT.

neither honor nor love in his own town and among his own neigh-
bors. Not far from the first settlers' monument in the old fort, in
the quiet part of the cemetery overlooking the town, where great
pines sing a lullaby, and where all around are the bones and the
tombs of those he knew and loved, lie the mortal remains of this
soldier of the Revolution. A stone, plain and massive, of white
marble, and worthy of the man, marks the spot. On one side are
the words :

BENJAMIN LINCOLN
MAJOR-GENERAL IN THE ARMY OF THE REVOLUTION

BORN JANUARY 24, 1733
DIED MAY^ 9, 1810

And on the other :

ERECTED BY HIS DESCENDANTS

1852

Here on each Memorial Day the beautiful colors of the nation
which he did so much to found, blend with the sweet flowers
strewn in honor and memory by the brave men of a later time ;
and they who bring the laurel and the myrtle for the young lives
given to their country in 1861 do not forget nor pass by the hero
who made possible the later sacrifice.

With the war the town's expenditures increased at a rate that
must have seemed appalling to the conservative citizens, habitu-

Military History. 307

ally economical, and critical of every outlay ; yet they were
bravely met, and generous sums were voted for the care of the
soldiers' families, in addition to the other large amounts required.
Here are some of the items for this year : —

At the several meetings (of the town) in July Sept. Novr & Decr
[1776] the Town Voted to Raise £G15 14s Sd for the Soldiers who were
employed in the Continental Service & raised by the Town of Hingham.

To Hawks Fearing Transporting Cannon to Hull 0-8-

To D° for Transporting Baggage for Capt. Peter Cushings | 0_9

Capt Pyam Cushings & Capt. Tho8 Hearseys Company j

To 15 Soldiers that were hired to go with Lieut. John Burr to

Ticonderoga 1-9-5

To 2.'3 men that were hir'd to go to New York in Sept. Last

with Capt. Peter Cushing 98-2-8

To 37 men that were hir'd to go to York in Dec. Last with

Capt. Job Cushing 316-1-4

By order of the selectmen Caleb Loring furnished supplies to
a company or companies from Scituate and Pembroke while at
Hingham, and his bill, accompanied by a certificate from Benja-
min Cushing and Joseph Andrews, we find to have been allowed
by the State.

The Committee of Correspondence, Inspection, and Safety,
chosen in March, 1777, were Israel Beal, Samuel Norton, John
Fearing, Peter Cushing, Thomas Loring, Peter Hobart, and The-
ophilus Cushing. In June Israel Beal was appointed "to pro-
cure evidence against such persons as are suspected of being
inimical to this and the United States of America, in this town."

Among the large number of vessels of all sizes and descriptions
in the naval service during the Revolution, was the brig " Haz-
ard," built by John Peck, of Boston, and carrying sixteen guns.
She made three successful cruises, the first from October, 1777, to
May, 1778, under command of Capt. Simeon Sampson; the sec-
ond in 1778-1779, and the third in 1779, in both of which she was
commanded by Capt. John Foster Williams. During this period
— from 1777 to 1779 — she made many prizes, among them the
British brig " Active," eighteen guns, after an engagement of
thirty-five minutes. She belonged to the Commonwealth of Massa-
chusetts, and was engaged in the unfortunate Penobscot expedi-
tion in 1779, and in August of that year was burned by her crew
to save her from falling into the hands of the enemy. Her offi-
cers and crew were transferred to the " Protector," a fine vessel.
Among the crew of the " Hazard," were a number of Hingham
men. Those known are as follows : —

Walter Hatch, 2d Lieut., Joseph Lincoln, Corporal of

Stephen Lincoln, Armorer, Marines,

Samuel Lincoln, Jairus Lincoln,

308 History of Hingham.

Royal Lincoln, Zenas Whiton,

Ezekiel Lincoln, Peter Wilder,

Jonathan Gushing, Abel Barnes,

Laban Thaxter, Elias Beal.

There is some authority for the statement that the " Hazard "
was in commission in 1776, and that most, if not all, of the above
were in service with her in that year. Mr. Lincoln, in the " History
of Hingham," speaks of the four cruises of the " Hazard."

These men also were undoubtedly on board, in 1778. In ad-
dition, William Tidmarsh was captain's clerk in this latter year.

Joseph Lincoln and Jonathan Cushing were captured on board
a prize of the "Hazard's" and carried prisoners to Halifax, in
1778 ; in 1780 dishing was a prisoner on the Jersey prison-ship.
In 1779 Asabel Stodder was in service on the " Hazard."

Capt. Thomas Melville commanded a company in Col. Craft's
battalion in 177G and upon his rolls was borne the name of
William Lewis.

August, 1777, Isaac Wilder, then only 17 years of age, died in
captivity at Halifax.

Hingham had a further part in the naval service of the Revolu-
tion ; for under date of December 16, 1776, a charter of the
schooner " Edward," of about 70 tons, was made by Caleb Loring
to the Board of War, and a little later, on the 8th of January,
1777, he executed a like paper for the schooner " Hazard," of 60
tons. He also owned the armed brig " Rising States," which was
captured by a British frigate.

The charters of these vessels were very elastic in tlieir provi-
sions, and no limitations were really placed upon the uses to
which they were to be put.

It is extremely difficult to give anything approaching a complete
history of the militia organizations belonging in Hingham from the
close of 1776. It is probable that the large number of men in the
regular service and the frequent drafts for particular expeditions
and exigencies may have so far depleted the companies belonging
distinctly to the town as to at last result in their complete disorgani-
zation, or at least to work such a suspension of their activity as
make them no longer the subject of particular mention. The last
record of this kind that has come to notice is the following : —

Hingham, June 10th, 1777.
These may Certify that a legal 1 meeting of the Training band and
alarm list of the first Company in said Town Benjamin Laphain was
Chosen Capt of Said Company.

Isaiah Crsmxc, Maj.

In Council, August 7, 1777, Read and Ordered that Said Officer be
Commissioned agreeable to his Rank.

Jas. Avery, By. Secy.

Military History. 309

Indeed it may be added that much hereafter given must of neces-
sity be fragmentary and disconnected, and will rather serve as
hints of the part the town continued to take in the battle for free-
dom than a full history of events. It is not possible to fix the
time or places of service of a large proportion of the men who
enlisted for Hingham, nor to always state accurately their com-
panies, regiments, or date of entering the army.

Among the unwise plans put into execution about this time, and
which was particularly annoying to Washington and discouraging
to the men in the regular service, was the enlistment of a force to
serve in the New England States only. The following is interest-
ing in this connection : —

To the Honrable Bord of War :

Gentlemen, — This may certify that I have Inlisted ten men into the
Servis of the four New England States, that have past muster that Can-
not furnish themselves with arms and acuterments. Gentlemen, pleas to
furnish Lt. Calvin Curtis with arms and acuterments, Sufficient for the
above Number of men, and you will oblige yours to Serve. In a Regiment
where of John Roberson, Esq., is Col.

Seth Stowers, Capt.

Hingham, July y8 22d, 1777.

There were several expeditions against the enemy in Rhode
Island planned and attempted in the year 1777, none of which
were successful, but in all of wdiich Hingham appears to have
been represented. The first was in February, and a town record
of a meeting in May is as follows : —

•■ At the annual meeting in May, the Town voted to raise £ 1172 for pro-
curing the men for the Continental Army & paying the men that were
employed in the Rhode Island Expedition for the said town.''

The next attempt was in September. Three thousand men
were raised from Plymouth, Bristol, and Barnstable Counties,
and the southern parts of Suffolk, Middlesex, and Worcester.
These, with Colonel Craft's regiment of State artillery and the
militia under General Hancock, were placed under command of
General Spencer of the Continental Army. Among these troops
was the regiment commanded by Colonel Robinson, one of whose
companies was that of which Seth Stowers was captain and which
included the following from this town : —

Seth Stowers, Capt., Isaiah Stodder,

Joseph Wilder, . Elisha Dunbar,

Hosea Dunbar, Jonathan Gardner

David Lincoln, Caleb Leavitt,

and perhaps others.

A company in the same expedition, commanded by Capt. Moses
French, of Weymouth, and in Col. Jonathan Titcomb's regiment

310

History of Hingham.

of militia, on duty from May 15
Hingham men upon its rolls : —

Joshua Tower, Lieut.,
Jonathan Hearsey, Sergt.,
David Hearsey, Drummer,
Jonathan Lewis, Private,
David Loring,
Thomas Wilder,
Peleg Whiton,
Daniel Dunbar,
Enoch Dunbar,

to July 15, bore the following-

u

a

a

Israel Lincoln,
Seth Stoel,
David Cain,
Melzar Dunbar,
Amos Dunbar,
Ezekiel Lincoln,
Caleb Lcvet,
Nathaniel Dates,

Private,

it.
it

u
u
a
u
li

In the early part of this year there was a company in ser-
vice commanded by Captain Pcnniman, of Braintree. The only
Hingham name then on the roll appears to have been that of
Thcophilus Wilder, who was 1st Lieut.

There is another roll, however, of a company serving under com-
mand of Capt. Thcophilus Wilder, and composed of men from
Hingham, Stoughton, and Braintree
were : —

The names from . lingham

Thcophilus Wilder, Capt.,
Elisha Lewis, Sergt.,
Laban Tower. Corp.,
Bela Tower, Fifer,
Ezekiel dishing, Private,
Jona. Gardner,
Sanrl Low,
David Prouty,

Fazzen,

Joshua Hobartt,

a
a
a

Thomas Howard, Private,

Humphreys '*

Thomas Howard, Jr., "

Winston,

Enoch Dunbar,
Laban Hunt,

Whiton,

Elijah Gardner,
Thos. Colbart,
Rufus Tower.

u
u
u

u
u
a

a

This company, like Captain Pcnniman's, was undoubtedly in
Colonel Dike's militia regiment, and probably was in the service
in the early part of 1777.

Mr. Lincoln states in his history that there were thirty-three
men with Capt. Job dishing, in New York, in 1777, but he gives
no information as to the time of year or location of their service.
It is much to be regretted that the numbers and names of our
fellow townsmen who served in the great Northern Campaign of
this eventful year, cannot be fully given. We know, however,
that when General Lincoln received his wound at Stillwater, on the
morning of October 8, he had with him his friends and neighbors
who had marched at his call, as they had so many times before, both
for his father and himself. It was at the taking of Burgoync, too,
that Joshua Ripley, of Colonel Wigglcsworth's regiment, of the
Continental Line, and Nchemiah Ripley, of Capt. Thcophilus Wil-
der's company, of Col. Gill's regiment, were killed. Capt. Wilder
had twenty-eight Hingham men with him at first, and the company

Jeremiah Gardner,

Private,

Nehcmiah Hubburt,

u

Benjamin Joy,

u

Able Lincoln,

a

Israel Lincoln,

u

Seth Stowell,

u

Stephen Stowell,

a

Joshua Stowell,

u

Israel Stowell,

u

Seth Wilder,

u

Peter Whitton,

u

Abel Whitton,

a

Military History. 311

was afterwards increased to fifty-two. The following names
appear upon a roll in August, together with many others not from
this town : —

Theophilus Wilder, Capt.,
Abijah Whitton, Sergt.,
Nehcmiah Ripley, Corp.,
Thaddcus Bates, "
David Harsay, "

Peter Harsay, Drum-Major,
Benjamin Barns, Private,
Canterbury Barns, "
Ambross Bates, "

Thomas Chubbuck, "
Sherebiah Corthwill, "
Stephen Gardner, "

Two items of money voted by the town in 1778, for expenses
incurred in the previous year, are certainly suggestive, although
there is no further evidence of the presence of Hingham men at
General Stark's victory on August 16th.

They are an allowance of ,£133 to Captain Wilder for travelling
fees for one hundred and ninety miles to Bennington, and £ 7-4-6
paid " to Thos Chubbuck for so much due for Transporting the
Soldiers Baggage to Bennington.'"'

While the town was' earnestly performing its allotted part
towards the general conduct of the war, it was not unmindful of
its own defence, as we sec by the following requisition : —

Hingham, August 1st, 1777.

Sir. — Please to deliver to Mr. Israel Beal, the bearer hereof, 250 weight

of powder, 50 weight JIusquet Ball, and 500 flints for the use of the Town

of Hingham, & you '11 oblige yours,

rr .i n • rt i Ben.i. Gushing, ) „ ,

lo the Commissary- General T T ( selectmen of

. ,XT , - Joshua Leavitt, ,- u- i

at Water town. T . ( Hinqham.

Joseph Andrews, ) J

There is great difficulty in determining with certainty the
names of men who enlisted into the Continental regular service
during particular years ; the very multiplicity of rolls and lists
with differing headings adds to the confusion. When, as is fre-
quently the case, town and private records are really or seemingly
at variance with these, entire accuracy becomes out of the ques-
tion. From these and other causes it may happen that names
deserving of honorable mention are omitted entirely, and that
others get misplaced. The following appear to have served in
Hingham's quota for three years, enlisting in 1777. Non-residents
are indicated, when it is known, by the name of the town to which
they belonged immediately following their own names ; the cap-
tains and colonels under whom these soldiers served are also
indicated.

312

History of Mingham.

Captain

Colonel

Nathaniel Coit Allen,

Marshall,

Marshall.

Elisha Bate,

Alden,

Bay ley.

James Cook,

Pilsbury,

Wigglesworth.

John Davis,

Langdon,

Jackson.

George Douty, Falmouth,

Blaisdell,

Wigglesworth.

William Ellery, Boston,

Langdon,

Jackson.

Robert Ford, "

u

" (deserted)

Joseph Falmouth, Falmouth,

Lunt,

Alden.

Adam Fernando, Boston,

Langdon,

Jackson.

Elisha Gardner,

Briant,

Crane.

Castle Gardner,

Light Horse.

Jacob Gardner,

Williams,

Grcaton.

Thomas Gosling, Boston,

Allen,

Alden.

Samuel Green, "

Ellis,

Bigelow.

Jacob Gurney, "

Langdon,

Jackson.

Daniel Golden (also called

Gould), Falmouth.

Ellis,

Bigelow.

John Gray, Jr., Boston,

Langdon,

Jackson.

John Griggs, "

it

tt

Charles Hard man, "

Allen,

Alden.

Adam Henry, "

Langdon,

Jackson.

Joseph Hobart,

Pilsbury,

Wigglesworth.

Thomas Hassell,

Tuckerman,

Patterson.

Daniel Hearsey,

Light Horse.

Jesse Humphrey,

Williams,

Grcaton.

James Hisket, Boston,

Langdon,

Jackson.

Peter Huson, "

tl

u

Thomas Kilby. u

{..

U

Bela Leavitt,

Briant,

Crane.

Caleb Lincoln,

a

u

Urbane Lewis,

Allen,

Bay ley.

Marsh Lewis,

a

u

Lot Lincoln, Jr.,

Pilsbury,

Wigglesworth.

Daniel Low,

Marshall,

Marshall.

James Love, Boston,

Langdon,

Jackson.

John Lewis, "

n

u

Emmanuel Lorel, "

«

a

Isaac Lane, Buxton

William Murphy, Boston,

Allen,

Alden.

Ichabod Meakum, "

Langdon,

Jackson.

Plato McLean, "

Ellis

Bigelow.

Wm. McCandy, Falmouth,

Lunt,

Alden.

Plato McLellan

(a negro), "

Ellis,

Bigelow.

Joseph McConner, "

Clem Pennel, "

Ellis,

Bigelow.

William Palding, Hingham or

Boston,

Langdon,

Jackson.

Military History.

313

Smith,

Patterson.

Alden,
Briant,

u

Wigglesworth
Bayley.
Crane.

Seward,

Williams,

Alden,

Allen,

Langdon,

u

Greaton.
Bayley.
Alden.
Jackson.

U

Briant,

Allen,

Brown,

Crane.
Alden.
Jackson.

Lane,
Allen,
Blasdel,

Alden.
Alden.
Patterson.

Nathan Patridge, Falmouth,
Thomas Ruinrill, Boston,
Joshua Ripley,
Hezekiah Ripley,
Nathaniel Stodder,
William Spooner,
Abel Sprague,
Hosea Stoddar,
Joseph Stockbridge,
Jonathan Sayer, Boston,
John Scott, "

John Simmonds, "
Henry Thomson,
Henry Tibbits, Boston,
Israel Whiton,
John Woodman, Paxton (said

also to be Hingham),
Thomas Wilton, Boston,
Mark Wilson, Falmouth,

Among the most faithful soldiers of the Revolution was Daniel
Hearsey. We found him first in Capt. Charles Cushing's com-
pany besieging Boston ; afterwards he enlisted in the Continental
service in Knox's Artificers, and subsequently his name appears
upon the rolls of Col. William Washington's celebrated regiment
of Light Horse, where he was a trooper for three years, having
for a comrade his townsman Castle Gardner. Finally, he closes
his military career as a member of " His Excellency Gen'l Wash-
ington's Guards, commanded by Henry Collfax," according to
the State House records. Colonel Collfax's name was, however,
WTilliam, not Henry as stated.

Joseph Cook aiso served in the Second Regiment, Colonel
Greaton, and the Sixteenth, Col. Henry Jackson ; Marsh Lewis
was subsequently in the regiment of invalids, commanded by Col-
onel McFarland. Mark Wilson served at one time in Captain
Smart's company of Wigglesworth's regiment. Perez Gardner,
according to Mr. Lincoln, not only served in Colonel Yose's regi-
ment, but was also in Captain Flint's company of Colonel John-
son's militia regiment at the taking of Burgoyne ; was six months
on guard in Captain Foster's company at Cambridge, took part
in the Rhode Island campaign under the same officer, and in
Mcintosh's regiment in 1778, and subsequently in the campaign
in that State in 1780, under Captain Wilder of Gill's regiment ;
was eighteen or twenty months in Captain Warner's company in
Colonel Craft's Artillery. He was three years in the Continental
service in Captain Hitchcock's and Captain Mills's companies.
Though not given in the above list, Mr. Lincoln says that serving
with Mr. Gardner in the Continental service were Joshua Tower,

314 History of Hingham.

killed at Morrisania ; Jack , a negro, killed also in New-
York ; James Bates, and James Hayward, who both died at West
Point ; Solomon Loring ; and John Daniels.

During this year (1777) the disastrous battle at the Brandywine
was fought. It was the 11th September, a hot, windy day, the
air filled with dust to which clouds of smoke were soon added,
when the American Army under Washington made its stand
against Howe, with the hope of a victory which might save the
capital. The mistakes of General Sullivan, the losses of Wayne,
the skill of Green in checking the enemy, the heavy losses of the
patriots and the final retreat to Germantown, are matters of his-
tory. Among the troops engaged in this unfortunate affair was
Colonel Crane's famous regiment of artillery from Massachu-
setts, one of whose companies was commanded by David Briant, a
brave officer, who received a mortal wound and died the next da v.
Upon the fall of Captain Briant the command devolved upon
Lieut. Joseph Andrews, of Hingham, who, although wounded,
continued to serve his guns with great courage for an hour longer,
when he, too, was mortally wounded by a cannon-ball, and died on
November 22d following, after great suffering, aged twenty years.
More than forty years afterwards Lafayette, who was himself
wounded at the same time, spoke of Lieutenant Andrews's per-
sistent bravery. Besides Lieutenant Andrews there were from
Hingham in this company, Caleb Bates, a sergeant, also killed in
the battle ; Levi Bicknell. wounded : Nathaniel Stoddard, Samuel
Bicknell, Elijah Gardner, Thomas Gushing, and William Sprague,
who were in the engagement, and Bcla Leavitt, Luther Lincoln,
and Caleb Lincoln, then with the Northern Army.

Following Brandywine and the later repulse at Germantown
came the terrible winter at Valley Forge, with its sufferings and
privations. In the bitter experiences of that encampment many
of the Continental soldiers from Hingham participated. The his-
tory of the Massachusetts regiments is their history, and wher-
ever the names of the Jacksons, Greaton, Wiggiesworth, Rufus
Putnam, Crane, Alden, Bayley, Marshall, Bigelow, and Patterson
appear leading their commands in victory, caring for them in
privation, cheering them in defeat, there will be found filling
their ranks, carrying out their orders, and standing with them in
the heat of battle, the sturdy citizens of Hingham who enlisted
" for the war." A number of the Continental soldiers in the lists
given were subsequently promoted and held commissions in the
service : their names and rank will appear hereafter.

In 1778 the Committee of Safety were Thomas Burr, Jacob
Leavitt, Abel Hersey, Enoch Whiton, and Peter Hobart.

The constant fear of a return of the English to Boston, and the
necessity of providing against pillaging and foraging incursions
into the country along the coast, required the exercise of unceas-
ing vigilance on the part of the State and local authorities. How

Military History.

315

cheerfully and faithfully Massachusetts performed her duty in
this as in her every relation to the Revolutionary struggle is
known to all familiar with American history, yet it may not be
amiss to recall that when Congress voted to raise eighty-eight
regiments, of which this State's quota was fifteen, sixteen were
enlisted besides Crane's fine regiment of artillery, — a number
soon after augmented by two additional regiments and Ar-
mand's artillery legion, Congress having determined to raise six-
teen additional battalions, — and that one half the whole burden
of the war, as measured by the numbers of men furnished the
Continental ranks, was borne by her. Based upon annual terms
of service, Massachusetts had 67,907 men in the army, besides
many thousands in her own pay for New England and purely
local defence. Her militia was frequently in active service, and
she was obliged to maintain constantly a force sufficient to garri-
son the posts within her territory. Among these, as previously
remarked, were the defences at Nantasket, aud upon Hingham
a large part of this duty devolved throughout the war. Major
Thomas Lothrop was in command in 1778, and under date of
February 27 we have a roll of Capt. Peter Cushing's Company
then on duty there. It is as follows : —

Peter dishing, Capt.
Noah Hearsey, Sergt.
Thomas Jones, "
Samuel Hobart, "
Daniel Cushing, "
Daniel Hobart, Corp.
David Burr, "

David Beal, Jun "
Zadock Hearsev Drum,
David Andrews, Private,
Lot Lincoln, "

Enoch Stodder, "

Thos Waterman, "

Benjn Stowel, "

Bradford Hearsey, "
Wellcom Lincoln, "
Jesse Bate,
Job Lincoln,
Nath Gill,
Jacob Beal,
Jona Lincoln,
Seth Lincoln,
Joseph Hamen,

u

u

u

u

Nathu Fearing, Private,

Joshua Lincoln,

John Gill,

Willm Hobart,

Abel Fearing,

Caleb Hobart,

John Jones,

Isaac Gardner,

Isaiah Hearsev,

Abijah Hearsey,

Jeremiah Hearsey,

Shubael Fearing,

Benj. Jacob,

Jeremiah Sprague,

Benjn Joy,

Joseph Mansfield,

Laban Hunt,

Noah Stodder,

Reuben Stephenson,

Peter Loring,

Thos Cushing,

Hawkes Fearing,

u
u

u
ii
u

u

u

a

u
a

a

u
a
a
a
a
a

Early in this year also we find Lieut. Jabez Wilder with a num-
ber of men forming a part of the garrison. The date is the same

316 History of Hingham.

as the last, February 27, and the roll terms the command a " half
company." The names given are —

Lt. Jabez Wilder, Theoph. Wilder, James Tower,

Edward Wilder, Theoph. Cushing, Solomon Whiton,

Thomas Cushing, Abel Whiton, Benj. Ward,

David Gardner, Labin Tower, David Chubbuck,

Zenas Wilder, Robert Gardnier, Jonathan Farron,

John Hearsey, Zach. Whiton, Benj. Whiton.

Seth Stowars, Bela Tower,

Jabez Wilder, who was a brother of Capt. Theophilus Wilder,
subsequently held the rank of captain, being commander of the
third company of the Second Suffolk Regiment. He resided on
Free Street, near Main, and after the war moved to Chesterfield.

Captain Wilder's company was ordered to Hull soon after, and
his roll in April contains the following names : —

Theophilus Wilder, Capt. Benj. Whiton, Private,

Theophilus Cushing, Sergt. Jona. Loring, "

Thomas Jones, " Joseph Mansfield, "

Elisha Marsh, " Benj. Joy,

u

Bela Tower, Fifer, Jona. Loring, Jr.

Thos. Cushing, Corp. Benj. Cushing,

Joseph Beal, " Joseph Souther, "

David Lincoln. Private, John Wilcutt, "

Martin Tower, lfc Mordecai Lincoln, "

Enoch Stoddar, " John Hunt, "

Shubael Fearing, " Zachariah Hunt, "

Abel Fearing, " Ephraim Burrell, "

John Jones, " Eben'r Joy, "

Elijah Lewis, " Laban Cushing, "

Solomon Whiton, " John Wild. "

Although a Hingham company, a few of the above may have
been residents of Weymouth or Cohasset.

The following return of the selectmen tells the story of the
manner in which quotas were sometimes filled in those days, as
well as a good many years later.

" A return of the men procured by the town of Hingham to
make up their quota of the seventh part of the male inhabitants
of said town : —

John Murphy, May, 1778, Greaton's Reg1,
Patrick Dunn, June, 1778, Col. Crane's,
Lieney Gesbuct, " " ' " "

Israel Beal \

Theos Cushing > Selectmen of Hingham.

Chas Cushing )

David Cushing, Colo."

Military History. 317

The same officers make another return, showing that Nathan
Thisining enlisted in Col. Henley's regiment in May, while in
June,

Jaspar Mason, Esriglolm Millery,

Christian Rouschorn, Jonas Foughel,

Conrad Workman, Peter Dushen,

Frederick Gateman, Amada Bourdon,

John Dager, Frederick Bower,

Joseph Teot or Scot, John Rodsfell,

John Wielele, Christopher Creigor,

as Hingham men swore to uphold the Republic in Col. Crane's
Artillery. It is difficult to avoid a slight suspicion that these
men may have been a part of the deserting Hessians from Bur-
goyne's army, whose enlistment by Massachusetts called forth
vigorous remonstrance from Washington, and soon ceased. The
town fathers appear to have been at least not deficient in shrewd-
ness, however, for these recruits were en2"ao;ed for three vears
and credited to Hingham for the long term although the period
required under the call of Congress at that time was only nine
months. Let us hope that these swiftly made citizens and eager
patriots upheld the honor of the town while serving under their
new colors.

In July of this year, the French fleet under D'Estaing appeared
off Newport, and the Admiral and Gen. Sullivan, who commanded
in Rhode Island, prepared to drive the enemy from the State.
Two Continental brigades from the main armv was sent under
Lafayette, and the Massachusetts militia marched under John
Hancock as Major-General, at the same time. The whole force
numbered ten thousand men, and great hopes were entertained of
its success. They were doomed to be disappointed, however, and
after nearly a month of fruitless delays, the Americans evacuated
the island after having fought one unsatisfactory battle. The
following Hingham men took part in the attempt : —

Benj. Jacob, Thos. Joy,

Elijah Lewis, Japath Hobart,

Benj. Joy, Moses Whiton,

Kent Simmonds, Jonathan Gardner.

They were probably members of a company of which John
Lincoln was a lieutenant, and were paid by the town £ 122.

Hon. Solomon Lincoln says there were nineteen other Hingham
men engaged six weeks in Rhode Island, and also twenty -two in
a Capt. Baxter's company for the same length of time. The
names of the latter are here given : —

Zachariah Whiton, 2 Lieut., Able Whiton,

Robert Gardner, Serg't, Jonathan Farrar,

Ambross Bates, " Levit Lane,

Jacob Joy, Thomas Willder,

318 History of Hingham.

Robart Willder, Stephen Stodder,

Isaiah Hearsey, Isaac (?) Whiton,

Cushing Burr, Elishe Whiton,

Ruben Hearsey, James Stodder,

Charls Burr, Cornelus Bates,

Canterbury Barns, Zebulon Willcutt,

Daniel Wilder, Jacob Lincorn.
Thomas Stodder,

Captain Baxter was from Braintree, from which town also came
a large part of his company. Lieut. Whiton subsequently appears
to have become a captain, and is spoken of with distinction in
Thacher's " Military Journal." Colonel Mcintosh commanded
the regiment.

The Dorchester Heights works were also garrisoned by a com-
pany consisting of thirty -four men, under Capt. Elias Whiton for
three months. Captain Whiton. who early in the war had also served
as lieutenant in Capt. Pyam Cushing's company when stationed at
Dorchester, was taken with the small-] >ox and died in the service,
aged thirty-five years. Almost at the same time Captain Whiton's
elder brother, Capt. Enoch Whiton, who also had commanded
a company in the Revolution died, aged forty-five years. A third
brother, Elijah, was a soldier in the same war. They were all
residents of South Hingham, near Liberty Plain. The town re-
cords show that the thirty-four men were paid out of the town trea-
sury ,£402-2 for their services. The company belonged to Colonel
Lyman's regiment of Guards ; its roll was - —

Elias Whiton, Capt. Jona Hobart,

Zachariah Whiton, Lieut., Joshua Beals,

Samuel Hobart, " Willm Hobart,

John Cushing, Thomas Sprague,

Thomas King, Samuel Leavitt,

James Tower, Thomas Joy,

Joshua Stowel, Abel Whiton,

David Gardner, Jacob Dunbar,

Ezekiel Hearsey, Peter Tower,

John Hearsey, Jonathan Farrow,

Thomas Chubbuck, Jeremiah Gardner,

Jonathan Gardner, David Chubbuck,

Caleb Leavitt, David Loring,

David Lamman, Laban Tower,

John Hobart, Seth Wilder,

Benjn Stowel, Esquir Hook.
Nehemiah Hobart,

After the surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga, Oct. 17, 1777,
his army was conducted to Boston, and quartered at Cambridge,
where it remained until November, 1779. During the intervening
period the duty of furnishing guards devolved largely upon the
militia of Massachusetts, and of this, Hingham had a full share.

Military History. 319

It is not possible to give accurate lists of the men engaged in this
and the similar service of caring for and protecting the Continen-
tal stores at Boston and Watertown, so imperfect are the rolls.
The town records contain items of payments to men recruited for
these purposes. One, in 1778, would seem to indicate that there
were seven of our townsmen with Capt. Benjamin Beal, but " a
pay abstract of Capt. Benj. Beal company of militia and Col. Jacob
Garish (regt) Drafted in July 1778, to Guard the Troops of Con-
vention and the Stores In and About Boston " contains the
following names of undoubted citizens. The regiment was Colonel
Gerrish's.

Benj. Beal, Capt., Moses Gardner,

Peter Dunbar, Lieut., Joshua Stowell,

Joshua Beal, Sergt., Jedediah Joy,

Caleb Marsh, Corp., Seth Wilder,

David Ilearsey, Drum, Daniel Dunbar,

Joseph Hobbard, Hosea Dunbar,

Stephen Mansfield, Melzer Dunbar.

Also " Capt Benj. Lapham Compy in Col. John Reeds Regt.,
in service of the United States, at Cambridge, taken from 2 April,
1778, to July 3, 1778," has upon its roll : —

Jos. Tower, Sergt. James Lewes,

Daniel Stodard, Corp., Richd Tower.

The town disbursements for the year contain items for the pay-
ment of three men employed in guarding Continental stores, nearly
three months, twenty men " for guarding Gen1 Burgoynes army,
at Cambridge, 4 months & 26 days," " to 11 men for Guarding
the Continental Stores in Boston 2 months 11 days."

At the town meeting held in February, there was a tax laid of
.£2370 of which £ 195-7-2 was for the procuring of Continental
soldiers, for three years ; £ 1274-12-10 for paying the men em-
ployed in the expedition against General Burgoyne ; £300 for
guarding General Burgoyne's army at Cambridge, and £300 for
defraying the usual expenses of the town. Subsequently we find
Joshua Leavitt paid for a gun lent the town, and Jacob Leavitt for
painting the carriage and wheels of the cannon ; also David Beal for
assisting in transporting powder from Watertown to Hingham.
There are, besides these, payments to Capts. Benj. Lapham, Elias
Whiton, and Peter Cushing, for serving as committees to hire
soldiers.

There is a roll of Captain Stowers' company showing service from
August to November of this year; the location of its employment
is not indicated, but its roll contains, in addition to the names
given as members of the same command, in August, 1776, the
following : —

■•&

Sam'l Stodder, Daniel Beal,

Reuben Stodder, Thos. Lincoln,

320

History of Hingham.

Job Mansfield,
Stephen Whiton,
Benj. Barnes, Jr.,
Luke Orcutt,

Jacob Whiton,
Caleb Leavitt,
Enoch Leavitt.

October 1, 1778, General Lafayette was in Hingham and lodged,
with his servant, at the Anchor Tavern, then standing upon the
present location of Mr. William 0. Lincoln's house, on South Street,
and a favorite resort of the French officers at Nantasket. It was a
famous hostelry in its day , and was occupied as a private dwelling by
Governor Andrew in the early part of the Civil War. Lafayette
was on his way to Hull, where he was going to inspect the fortifi-
cations at that place. He was dressed in a blue coat with buff
trimmings, the regular uniform of an American officer, and at-
tracted much attention. Upon the news of his death many years
after, all the bells in town were rung.

Among other curious documents in the State House are certain
inventories showing the amount of clothing received from the
several towns for the public service. One, dated Dec. 17th, 1778,
shows that Hingham furnished 128 shirts, 69 pairs of shoes, and
102 pairs of stockings ; being much more than by any other town
in the county with the exception of Boston.

The great difficulty of ascertaining precisely the date of en-
listment of many of those who entered the Continental service
lias been intimated. In addition to the names previously given,
the following would seem to have entered the army in 1778 : —

Alexander Atkins, Boston,

Gershom Bcal,

Caesar Blake,

Maxitinde Basasobel, Boston,

Thomas Burke,

Caleb Bates (killed),

Simeon Butler,

Wm. Booding,

Ezekiel Bragdon, Braxton,

Abel Cushing,

Isaac Crosby, Waltham,

John Carter, Boston,

Ronald Cameron, "

Wm. Clarke, Pownalboro,

John Clark,

James Dishet,

Perez Gardner,

Isaac Gardner,

Jesse Humphrey,

Joseph Hobart,

Daniel Hearsey,

Peter Husen, Boston,

Captain

Colonel

Langdon,

Jackson,

Winship,

Alden,
Allen,

Putnam,

Bayley,
Alden,

Langdon,

Jackson,

Burbeck,

Crane's Artil.,

Langdon,

Jackson,

Lane,

Nixon,

Lane,

Shepard,
Alden,

Langdon,

Jackson,
«

Bayley,

u

Vose,

Williams, Greaton,

Pilsbury, Wigglesworth,

Light Horse,
Langdon, Jackson,

Military History. 321

Captain Colonel

Luther Lincoln, Briant, Crane,

John Mansfield (dead), Bayley,

Ebenczer Ripley,

Caesar Scott. Alden,

Moses Stoddar,

Joseph Wilcott. Burbeck, Crane.

Tn September of 1778 General Lincoln was placed in command
of the department of the South. A brief account has already been
given of his persistent efforts to raise an army, and of the long
struggle for supremacy which finally terminated at Charleston,
in May, 1780, by the surrender of the town, with the garrison, to
Sir Henry Clinton.

The Committee of Safety in 1779 were Samuel Norton, Dr.
Thomas Thaxter, Capt. Theophilus Wilder, Capt. Charles Cushing,
and Joseph Thaxter.

The military service performed by Hingham men during this
year was very considerable, besides that rendered by the soldiers of
"the Continental regiments with Washington and elsewhere, but the
records are so incomplete that but little detail can be given. The
English evacuated Rhode Island in the autumn of 1779, but they
had no intention of permanently abandoning the State, and the
fear of their return necessitated the employment of a considerable
American force for its defence until the close of the war.

A pay roll for December, 1779, of Capt. Luke Howell's company
in Col. Nathan Tyler's regiment, on duty in Rhode Island, contains
the names of the following Hingham men : —

John Lincoln, Lieut., Jonathan Farrow, Jr., Private,

Ezekiel Hersey, Drum, Jacob Whitton,

Elijah Lewis, Private, William Gardner,

Elisha Beals, " Nathaniel Bates

Jonathan Farrow, "

In the same State there were six men in Capt. Job Cushing's
command, and seven men for five months in the company in which
Jacobs was a lieutenant.

There were also four men engaged upon guard duty at Boston,
who were probably Robert Gardner, Jonathan Gardner, Elijah
Whiton, Jr., and James Hay ward. They certainly received pay
from the town for service in Boston this year.

Lieut. Elijah Beal, who resided at West Hingham and who at
the time was about twentv-nine vcars of age, was stationed at
Claverack, New York, with fifteen of his townsmen. Efforts to
ascertain their names have not met with success.

This year, too, saw Capt. Theophilus Wilder adding active
military duty to the service he was giving his country in the
support of the war as a civilian, and again we find him with

VOL. I. — 21

322 History of Hingham.

his company, this time containing eighteen Hingham patriots, in
the fort at Hull. This roll, like several others of 1779, has not
been found. Hon. Solomon Lincoln states that Lieut. John Lin-
coln commanded a company at Rhode Island in Webb's regiment
from Sept. 1, 1779, to Jan. 1, 1780, in which were several soldiers
from Hingham.

The records preserve the names of only the following as enlist-
ing in the Continental service during 1779 ; they appear to be
re-enlistments : —

James Cook, Capt. Bradford, Col. Bayley,

Joseph Stockbridge

a.

o^?

Jacob Gardner, Col. Greaton.

The town appropriations for war purposes had by this time be-
come very large, although it must not be forgotten that the}* were
in a very much depreciated currency.

In October it was voted to "raise £6000 for the purpose of
paying the soldiers that went to do duty in the State of Xcw
York." The following indicate services not otherwise recorded :

To Zaclih Whiton for his service to Rhode Island in 1778 £41-17

To Jothain Loriug for his service in Canada omitted £ 1 8.

There were also payments for large amounts of beef and salt
purchased for the soldiers, and as in every other year of the war,
generous sums were voted for soldiers' families. We have these
records also : —

To Jon? Hearsev towards his service at Rhode Island £22- 0-0

To David Hearsev for D° 39- 2-0

To Elisha Beal for D° 35-17-0

To Ezek1 Hearsey for D° 44-1 8-8.

The names of four more of Hingham's soldiers are thus indi-
cated, although no light is thrown on the particular expedition in
which they served.

Perhaps no better examples can be selected to illustrate the ex-
traordinary depreciation of the paper currency than the following:

To Capt. Setli Stowers for 7 Bush1 Corn for the Soldiers who

went to Rhode Island £63-0-0

To Bradford Hearsey for a pr shoes to Hosea Stodder £4-4-9.

In July an expedition against the British post at Penobscot was
fitted out by Massachusetts. Colonel Lovell, who sometime before
had become a brigadier-general in the militia, was one of the com-
manders, and, as already said, the brig " Hazard " which took part
in the expedition, had a number of Hingham men in her crew.
Upon the promotion of Colonel Lovell, which took place in 1777.
David Gushing of Hingham became colonel ; Thomas Lothrop of

Military History. 323

Cohasset, lieutenant-colonel ; Isaiah Cushing of , major ;

Samuel Ward of Hingham, second major ; and the members and
officers of the Hingham companies were : 2d, Benjamin Laphain,
Capt., Herman Lincoln, 1st Lieut., Joseph Beal, 2d Lieut. ;
3d, Jabez Wilder, Capt,,Zach. Whiting, 1st Lieut., Robt. Gardner,
Jr., 2d Lieut. ; Oth, Peter Gushing, Capt., Thos. Burr, 1st Lieut.,
Thos. Fearing, 2d Lieut.

The following served seven months in Gazee's Rhode Island
company of artillery ; the year is not certainly known, but it is
probable that at least a portion of this time was included in the
\ ear 1779 : Enoch Dunbar, Amos Dunbar, Daniel Dunbar, Melzar
Dunbar, Luther Gardner, and Peleg Whiton.

In 1780 the Committee of. Correspondence, Inspection, and
Safety consisted of Israel Beal, Capt. Charles Cushing, Ebenezer
Cushing, Joshua Leavitt, and Isaac Wilder, Jr.

In July of this year General Heath asked for reinforcements
for his araiy in Rhode Island, an attack on Newport being threat-
ened by Sir Henry Clinton. Under this call Capt. Theophilus
Wilder marched with his company, belonging to Ebenezer Thayer's
regiment, and served three months. The roll of Hingham men
is given below : —

Theophilus Wilder, Capt., Jeremh Gardner,

Thomas Venson, Lieut., Perez Gardner,

Walter Hatch, 2d Lieut,, Elisha Whitten,

Peter Wilder, Scrgt.-Major, Conr Barns,

Elijah Lewis, Sergt., Isra Whitten,

Isaiah Hearsey, " Amos Dunbar,

Uriah Beals, ' " Sher Corthwell,

Ezra Gardner, Corp., Abel Cushing,

Israel Stowell, " Cushen Burr,

Peter Hearsey, Drum, John Cushing,

Bcla Tower, Fife, Molah Tower,

Jacob Canterbury, Laban Cushing,

Be Cushing, Jerem1' Hersey,

Eliph. Ripley, Ezekel Harsey,

Stephen Stowell, Israel Hearsey,

John Hearsey, John Dill,

Zedeok Harsey, Nathaniel Dill,

Dan1 Harsey, Joseph Jones,

Jon Gardner, Caleb Cushen.
Stephen Gardner,

The urgent need of soldiers frequently induced the States to
authorize enlistments for short terms, much against the judgment
of Washington, and greatly to the injury of the service and the
country. The town of Hingham supplied few men by authority of
these acts, and, as already stated, under a nine months call, in one

324 History of H Ingham.

instance at least, enlisted her quota for three years. Indeed, most
of the men joining1 the Continental service and credited to Hing-
ham were for the long term, and many have against their names
the large letters " D. W.," which mean " During the War." The
following, however, joined the army for six months, "agreeable
to a resolve of the General Court of the fifth of June," 1780 : Lot
Lincoln, Jesse Humphrey, James Bates, Daniel Woodward, Levi
Gardner, Ezekiel disking, Leavitt Lane. They were sent to
Springfield, and thence to the army under Captain Soaper, Cap-
tain Burbank, and Lieutenant Cary, in July, August, and October.
Mr. Lincoln says that there were also five men on duty as guards
at Boston.

At a town meeting held on the 13th of June it was voted to
raise thirty thousand pounds toward paying the soldiers, and four
thousand pounds to purchase clothing for the Continental army.

The town records also show large sums of money paid for beef,
blankets, wood, corn, etc., supplied the army upon requisition
from the State. In one instance, however, the General Court
threatened a fine of twenty per cent if a requisition was not
promptly responded to ; and the town voted " to comply, provided
it be not brought as a precedent in future time;" this was in the
year 1781.

This latter year Samuel Norton, Capt. Charles Cushing, Heman
Lincoln, Capt. Peter Cushing, and Elisha Cushing, Jr., were
chosen as the Committee of Correspondence.

Under a resolve of the General Court passed December 2, the
following enlisted into the Continental service for three years, or
the war ; the bounties paid are also given : —

Henry Shepperd £51 Thomas Lightfoot £60

John Daniels 108 Reuben Wright 55-10

Lewes Freeman GO Amos Adams 51-12

Emmuel Busson 60 Francis Comer 63
James Cook 61-4

The following furnishes an illustration of the means by which
some of these men were secui'ed : —

Hingham, Dec. 24, 1781.

These may certifie that I the Subscriber Hired Emmuel Bussen for the

class whereof I am Chairman & that He passed muster the 8th day of No-

vembr past, and that He engaged to Serve three years in the Continental

Army ; also that I gave Sixty pounds for his so engaging in Hard money.

John Thaxter.

Others enlisting this year and receiving a bounty were —

Isaac Gardner, Jack Freeman,

Juba or Tuba Freeman, Benj" Jacobs,

Absolum Davis, Caesar Blake,

Military History. 325

Thomas Newell, Daniel Dill,

Jesse Humphrey, Abel Gushing,

Lot Lincoln, James Hayward,

Fortune Freeman, James Bates,

Xath1 Stoddard, Perez Gardner,

John Dill, Benj" Ward.

Perez Gardner was three years in Colonel Vose's regiment, and
with him were John Tower, killed at Morrisania on a scout, James
Bates, and James Hay ward, both of whom died in the service at
West Point, and John Daniels, Abel dishing, and Solomon Lor-

ing, — the latter not given in the above list, — and Jack , a

colored man, doubtless Jack Freeman, killed at New York.

Mr. Lincoln says there were also eleven men in Rhode Island
four months under Capt. John Lincoln.

The only roll discovered, however, gives in Colonel Webb's regi-
ment in Rhode Island, Aug. 2, 1781, John Lincoln, captain ;
Robert Corthell, sergeant ; Sherebiah Corthell, private, as be-
longing to Hingham. The names of the others have not been
ascertained.

It was towards the close of the summer when the American and
French armies, after remaining some six weeks near Dobbs' Ferry
in New York, crossed the Hudson, and under the general com-
mand of General Lincoln commenced the march across the Jer-
seys, Maryland, and Virginia, which terminated in the great
victory at Yorktown on the 19th of October following.

The distinguished part performed by General Lincoln in the
last great campaign of the Revolution has been already alluded
to. The personal history of other Hingham soldiers has, with a
few exceptions, been lost or obscured with the passing years.
Of this we may be certain, that wherever the commands to which
they belonged were, there they were too, serving faithfully to
the end. Among those at Yorktown was Daniel Shute, a young
surgeon who had graduated at Harvard College in the opening
year of the contest, and immediately placed his talents at his
country's service. He is said to have commanded a college com-
pany during the siege of Boston, and soon after was commissioned
a surgeon's mate and attached to the Hospital Department. At
Yorktown he was the first surgeon to perform an amputation on
a wounded soldier. At the close of the war he was surgeon of
the 4th Massachusetts Continental Regiment, commanded by
Colonel Shepperd. Dr. Shute resided a short time in Weymouth
after the close of his military service, but soon removed to Hing-
ham, where he died April 18, 1829.

Upon the staff of General Lincoln was Major Hodijah Baylies,
aide-de-camp, who subsequently married a daughter of the general.
He became collector at Dighton, and held other offices. Several
of his children were born during his residence in Hingham.

326 History of Hingham.

The capitulation of Cornwallis was the last great military event
of the Revolution. Nevertheless, much of the country was still
occupied by the British army, and besides the necessity of gain-
ing and holding possession of those portions, there remained the
possibility of renewed hostilities, requiring the retention of a con-
siderable force. On the second of November the army under
General Lincoln embarked at Yorktown and proceeded to the
head of the Elk, from whence it went into winter quarters in
Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and upon the Hudson, in New York.

The Committee of Correspondence and Safety elected in 1782
were Israel Beal, John Fearing, and Theophilus Cushing; they
were re-elected in 1783.

The probabilities of peace made the enlistment of soldiers ex-
ceedingly difficult, and there were very few recruited after the
close of the Virginia campaign. The only names of recruits
known to have joined the Continental army in 1782 are Solomon
Lavingin and Elijah Beals.

Hon. Solomon Lincoln says that in 1783 there were twelve men
in the service at Hull. Neither the date nor the organization to
which they belonged have been preserved, and no list of these last
soldiers in the Revolution from old Hingham has been found.

There remain to be added a few names not hitherto placed,
known to have served in the army in some capacity, but whose
company or regiment, place, or time, have not been ascertained.
These are —

Jedediah Beal, Bela Lincoln, served on the " Pro-
Daniel Dill, tector,"

Lemuel Dill, Benjamin Lincoln,

Daniel Egrey, Noah Nichols,

Francis Gardner, died 1780 on Moses Sprague,

Jersey prison-ship, Jacob Sprague, carried to Halifax
Jared Joy, and died on guard-ship, 1778,

Benjamin Leavitt, Ebed Stodder,

Seth Thaxter.

Serving upon the staff of General Lincoln during the earlier
part of the war as an aid-de-camp, and probably with the rank
of colonel, was Nathan Rice. Colonel Rice came early to Hing-
ham, where he resided many years. At the close of the war he
was major in Colonel Bailey's Continental regiment, and subse-
quently commanded a body of troops at Oxford during the threat-
ened difficulties with France.

From the lists of names given, it appears that Hingham fur-
nished over one hundred and fifty different persons to the regular
Continental service, of whom, however, it is probable that only
about eighty were actual residents of the town. The commis-
sioned officers, so far as known, were, —

Military History. 327

Major-Gen. Benjamin Lincoln.

Col. Nathan Rice, aide-de-camp to General Lincoln.

Lieut-Col. Jotham Loring, 3d Mass., Colonel Grcaton ; dismissed.

Major Hodijah Baylies, aide-de-camp to General Lincoln.

Daniel Shute, surgeon 4th Mass., Colonel Shepperd.

Capt. -Lieut. Nath'l Coit Allen, paymaster 10th Mass., Colonel
Tapper.

Lieut. Hezekiah Ripley, Jr., 2d Mass., Colonel Bailey; Brigade
Qr. in 1783.

Lieut. Joseph Andrews, Crane's artillery ; mortally wounded at
Brandy wine.

Lieut. John Lincoln, 2d Mass., Colonel Bailey.

To these should perhaps be added —

Capt. Amos Lincoln, formerly of Hingham ; moved to Weymouth.

Dr. Gridley Thaxter who is stated to have been a surgeon in
the army, but in what branch of the service is unknown.

Dr. Peter Hobart, also a surgeon, the particular record of whose
service is lost.

John Woodman, a private in the 7th Mass., Colonel Brooks, and
marked " promoted."

Possibly, also, Chaplain Joseph Thaxter, formerly of Colonel
Prescott's militia regiment, should have his name placed upon the
Continental rolls ; he certainly was in the army later, but the
command is not stated.

Another brilliant officer, who was a citizen of Hingham pre-
ceding the division, but who by that event became an inhabitant
of the new town of Cohassct, was Capt. James Hall.

It is possible to make an approximation only to the number of
men who served their country from Hingham in other than the
regular Continental regiments during the war of the Revolution.
Many of the rolls are entirely lost, others are incomplete, and
some are partially worn and illegible ; the selectmen's records
furnish valuable but very meagre information, while from private
sources almost nothing has been obtained. From available in-
formation, — mainly the rolls heretofore given, and which are
literal copies of originals in the State House, — it would appear
to be certain that some six hundred different individuals per-
formed military duty in the several branches of the service.
There were doubtless many more whose names were recorded
upon the lost rolls, or whose identity cannot be determined, owing
to the fact that oftentimes lists still exist which are nearly value-
less from a failure to make any mention of the town to which
the soldier belonged. There is reason to think that a number of
men doing garrison duty at the Castle, — now Fort Indepen-
dence,— in Capt. the Hon. Thomas Cushing's company, were
from Hingham ; but there is an uncertainty arising from the home

328 History of Hingham.

or place of enlistment of the men composing it being in no case
stated ; and the doubt in this instance is of sufficient importance
to make it unsafe to credit the town with any of them. It is
quite probable, too, that numbers of our citizens served in some
of the various armed ships authorized by Congress or the Common-
wealth, but of other than those given as upon the " Hazard " and
" Protector," if such there were, no satisfactory records are
known. Very many, if not most, of the soldiers from Hingham
served on several different occasions during the war ; and not a
few enlisted or were called out four, live, and six times, while the
indisputable evidence furnished by existing rolls proves that
several responded to no less than eight calls to duty in garri-
son and camp. In a few instances the periods of service were
short, being comprehended in a few days, but for the most part
they extended over many months, embracing the year consumed
in the siege of Boston, the time occupied in the campaigns in
Canada, in the northern department against Burgoyne, in the
operations near West Point, those around New York, the several
Rhode Island expeditions, that to the Penobscot, a part of Wash-
ington's first campaign in New Jersey, and the many months,
aggregatine: several vears, of garrison dutv at Hull, besides that
performed in Hingham itself while the town was a military post.
It is impossible to reduce the whole to a standard of number of
men serving; for a stated time, but if every different service had
been performed by different individuals, the aggregate outside of
those in the regular three-years regiments would probably exceed
one thousand.

As observed previously, it seems reasonable to estimate the
different individuals as about six hundred in number : indeed, the
preserved rolls name some five hundred and seventy. Of these,
approximately, the Lincolns furnished forty-eight: the Cushings,
thirty-seven ; the Beals, thirty ; the Whitons, including all the
variations of spelling the name, thirty ; the Stoddars, Stoddcrs,
Stoddards, Stodars, twenty-five; the Hearseys, Harscys, Hcrseys,
twenty-four ; the Gardners, twenty-one ; the Hobarts, nineteen ;
the Towers, sixteen ; the Lorings, fifteen ; the Batcses, fifteen ; the
Burrs, thirteen ; the Spragues, thirteen ; the Wilders, thirteen ;
the Dunbars, eleven ; the Leavitts, eleven ; the Lewises, eleven ;
the Stowclls, ten ; the Joys, ten ; the Fearings, eight ; the Lanes,
eight ; the Thaxtcrs, seven ; the Barneses, seven ; and the Marshes,
seven. That is two dozen names of the soldiers from Hingham
included four hundred and nine individuals. The Hingham officers
of Continental regiments have already been named ; those in other
branches of the service, as far as known, were —

Major-Gen. Benjamin Lincoln (before his Continental commission),
Capt. Benjamin Beal, Capt. Peter Gushing,

" Charles Cushinor, " Pvam Cushiiur,

" Job Gushing, " Isaiah Gushing,

Military History.

329

..

u

Capt. Thomas Hearsey,
Benjamin Lapham,
James Lincoln,
John Lincoln,
Seth Stowers,
Job Tower,
Theopliilus Wilder,
Elias Whiton,
Stephen Whiton,
Enoch Whiton,
Levi Bates,
Elijah Beal,
Joseph Beal,
Thomas Burr,
Isaac dishing,
David dishing,
Peter Dunbar,

u

u

Lieut.
2d "
2d "
Lieut.
3d "
4th "

a

2d Lieut. Thomas Fearing,

" Walter Hatch,
2d Josiah Lane,

Jacob Leavitt,
Heman Lincoln,
Levi Lincoln,
Isaac Lincoln,
2d " Nathan Lincoln,
" Peter Nichols,
" Jerom Stephenson,
" Knight Sprague,
" Joshua Tower,
" Thomas Vinson,
Jabez Wilder,
2d " Zach Whiting, prob-
ably subsequently a
captain.

From official records still existing and other reliable sources of
information, it may be safely stated that the town of Hingham
contributed to the military service of the Revolution, including
those in the Continental regiments and on armed vessels, nearly
seven hundred and fifty men, of whom over fifty were commis-
sioned officers. The number probably was really largely in excess
of that here stated.

It cannot but be regretted that these records of the old town's
part in the Revolutionary contest are so largely composed of mere
lists of names, and that there is so little of incident to brighten
the too statistical narrative. In this connection, however, one
little event may not be without interest. It will perhaps be
recalled that during the last war between France and the Colonies,
one of the chaplains was Rev. John Brown of Hingham. The
years which had rolled by since 1759 had doubtless incapacitated
the minister for further service in the field, but under the mac:-
nificent elm standing opposite to the old Cashing house at Rocky
Nook, he preached to a company of our townsmen on their march
to the post of danger, and sent them on the way with the blessings
and approval of the Church ringing in their ears, and, let us trust,
consoling their hearts.

Almost from the surrender of Yorktown the armies of the new
republic had been melting away, and when, on the 3d of Sep-
tember, 1783, the treaty was signed at Paris which acknowledged
the independence of the United States, there remained with
Washington at Newburg scarcely more than a skeleton of the vic-
torious force which had taken a part in the grand drama enacted
on Virginia's soil nearly two years before. November 25th the
commander-in-chief entered New York with General Knox and
the officers of the army eight abreast, and, at Fraunce's tavern on

330 History of Hingham.

the 4th of December following, Washington bid farewell to the
comrades who for eight years had with him patiently and bravely
endured the dangers and privations of the field and the camp.
At about the same time General Lincoln resigned his office of
Secretary of War and retired to private life. From the opening
hour of the Revolution to its closing moment, the roll of Hing-
ham's drums and the inspiring music of her fifes had echoed
through her streets and been heard on many a weary march,
while the rattle of musketry and the dull roar of artillery served
by her children had testified to her unflinching and unwearying
patriotism on land and sea. Beneath the kindly enshrouding soil
in secluded shady and forgotten places, from Canada to the
Potomac, rest those who laid their young lives down in the heat
of the conflict, while many an old moss-grown stone in the town
cemeteries marks the burial spot of some soldier who in the early
days of the nation " shouldered his crutch and told how fields
were won," to his children and grandchildren long after the close
of the War for Independence.

While with the advent of peace there doubtless came that
reaction from interest in military matters which is common to
all human affairs where the undivided attention has been too long
fixed in a single direction, there was still, fortunately, enough
patriotism left in the wearied people to listen to the urgent sug-
gestions of Washington, and in a small regular army and the
West Point establishment, provide a nucleus at least, around
which might be gathered the forces for the defence of the young
nation. Many of the statutes under which the armies were gath-
ered and the militia governed still remained in force, and these
derived powerful support from the dangerous and threatening con-
dition of a number of the Indian tribes, from the menace which the
continued occupancy in the West and North of posts and forts by
the British constantly offered, and from the ill-concealed contempt
felt by the empires of the world for the small, weak, and exhausted
State in the Western Hemisphere. More than all, there was the
internal discontent and distrust experienced by a weary and
debt-laden people entering upon the experiment of new forms of
government towards which many were antagonistic, and in which a
large number had little faith. To all this must be added the bitter
disappointment of the discharged and half-paid soldiery, who, after
giving eight of their best years to the service of the country,
found themselves adrift, poverty-stricken, and for a time, at least,
neglected. Fortunately, for the most part these men were Fed-
eralists, and believers in and supporters of their old officers,
more particularly of Washington, and were generally friends of a
strong government and a national spirit. Fortunately, too, the
militia organization for the most part remained intact, and many
a fine regiment which had seen active service during the war was
still under the command of its old officers, and in the ranks were

Military History.

331

numbers of disciplined veterans. The continued efficiency of these
troops enabled General Lincoln, who had been commissioned
major-general April 3, 1786, to crush the armed mobs under Shays
with a celerity and absence of unnecessary violence which reflected
credit alike upon the men and the officers, and furnished an
added illustration of the tact and ability of Lincoln. Colonel Rice
was also engaged in the service at the time, with other citizens of
Hingham. The old town might well feel satisfied with her part
in the termination of this small rebellion.

In 1781 Charles dishing was colonel of the Second Regiment
of militia ; Theophilus Cushing, captain, David Gushing, 1st
lieutenant, and Edward Wilder, 2d lieutenant of the second
company ; and Thomas Fearing, captain, Thomas Cushing, 1st
lieutenant, and Elijah Whiting, 2d lieutenant of the third com-
pany. Theophilus Cushing became colonel June 9, 1787, Thomas
Vinson, lieutenant-colonel, and James Stodder, major, while
Quincy Thaxter had already been commissioned adjutant on the
8th of January previously. Colonel Cushing became brigadier-
general Sept. 12, 1793.

If there are anv records extant of the Hingham militia com-
panies from the close of the Revolution until the commencement
of the War of 1812, it is to be hoped that the meagre historical
notes here given — for they amount to no more — may incite
production. In musty old volumes in a small, dark room in the
basement of the State House, may be found the names of an enor-
mous number of persons commissioned in the militia, which was
for many years an organized army of no small dimensions — on
paper. Beyond the dates which these commissions bear and the
regiments to which their holders belonged, very little informa-
tion is sfiven. From the list have been selected the names of
citizens of this town, but no attempt has been made to state the
companies of which they were officers. As will be seen here-
after, there were two companies formed later of which some
details appear : —

Daniel Wilder :

Ensign . . .

Lieutenant . .
Thomas Thaxter:

Quartermaster .
Benjamin Andrews:

Ensign . . .

Lieutenant .
Jedediah Lincoln:

Ensign . . .

Captain . . .

Major ....
John Fearing:

Ensign

Lieutenant . .

Captain .
Washington Cushing

Ensign

March 3, 1788.
May 3, 1796.

June 10, 1793

March 3, 1788.
May 23, 1792.

May 2, 1797.
Sept. 3, 1800.
March 26, 1806.

Sept 3, 1800.
April 10, 1806
April 1, 1809.

April 12, 1804.

Captain . . .

Major . . . .

Lieutenant-Col.

Colonel . . .
John Barker:

Captain . . .

Major .

Lieutenant-Col.
Robert Thaxter:

Surgeon's-Mate .
John Cushing, 3d:

Captain . .
David Cushing, Jr.:

Captain
Solomon Jones:

Lieutenant .

Captain

March 28, 1807.
May 3, 1813.
June 20, 1816.
March 28, 1818.

Oct. 23. 1788.
May 18, 1797
May 25, 1801.

Sept. 1, 1S00.

March 3, 1788.

March 3, 1788.

Sept. 3, 1800.
April 10,1806

332

History of Hingham.

Levi Sprague:

Lieutenant .

Sept. 26, 1811.

Ensign

. April 10, 1806

Captain .

April 15, 1812.

Lieutenant .

. May 13, 1809.

Major .

June 13, 1814.

Seth Hersey:

Edward Wilder:

Lieutenant .

. April 13, 1807.

Lieutenant .

. March 3, 1788.

Nehemiah Cushing :

Captain

. May 3. 1796.

Lieutenant .

. March 28, 1807

Thomas Andrews:

Joseph Cushing:

Lieutenant .

. Oct. 23, 17S8.

Ensign

. Sept 26, 1811.

Francis Thaxter:

Lieutenant .

. April 15, 1812.

Quartermaster

. Sept. 16, 1799.

Elijah Waters, Jr.:

Ephraim Andrews:

Ensign

. March 3, 1788.

Quartermaster

. June 7, 1S02.

Lieutenant .

. May 2. 1797.

Thomas Loud:

Captain .

. May 7, 1799.

Quartermaster

. Oct. 2, 1S04.

Kufus Lane:

John Beale-

Ensign

May 23, 1792.

Adjutant .

. June 7, 1802.

Jonathan Cushing:

Laban Hersey:

Ensign

May 3, 1796.

Captain

. Sept. 28, 1800.

Lieutenant .

Sept. 3, 1800.

Scarlet Hudson:

David Win ton:

Lieutenant .

. April 11, 1803

Ensign

Sept. 3, 1800.

Edward Wilder, Jr.

Lieutenant .

April 12, 1804.

Ensign

. March 28, 1807

Joseph Hammond:

Moses Humphrey:

Ensign . .

April 11, 1803.

Ensign . .

April 23, 1807.

Martin Fearing:

Abner Hersey:

Ensign

Oct. 26, 1809.

Captain . . .

Feb. 12, 1807.

In 1812 the Hingham Rifle Company received a charter from
the State, and for many years it was one of the famous militia
organizations in the Commonwealth. Its first captain was Dun-
can McB. Thaxter, while the other officers were Jairus Sprague,
lieutenant, and Daniel Bassett, ensign, all commissioned May
21, 1812. It was subsequently attached to the Light Infantry
Battalion as Company D, although a part of the Second Regiment
until that organization was disbanded.

Early in October the company made its first public parade in a
uniform described in the " Boston Patriot " as " perfectly neat,"
with '• rifles lately procured from an American armory of domestic
manufacture, with complete accoutrements." On this occasion a
standard was presented on behalf of the ladies by Miss Mary
Lincoln, daughter of Mr. Solomon Lincoln, and accepted by Ensign
Daniel Bassett in a patriotic if somewhat grandiloquent speech.

Besides this company there were at this time the three stand-
ing militia companies belonging to the same regiment, and prob-
ably officered respectively as follows : Moses L. Humphrey, captain.
April 16, 1812; Samuel Hobart, lieutenant, April 16, 1812; Nathan-
iel Wilder, ensign, April 16, 1816 ; Martin Fearing, captain, April
15, 1812 ; Joseph Cushing, lieutenant, April 15, 1812 ; Adna
Cushing, ensiun, April 15, 1812 ; Washington Cushing. captain,
March 28, 1807; Joseph Wilder, ensign,' May 11, 1812. The
regiment was the Second Infantry, of which Nehemiah Ripley
became quartermaster March 30, 1812 : Thomas Loring, pay-
master, March 25, 1812; Ned Cushing, adjutant. March 20, 18J2
(he had previously been paymaster), and William Gordon, sur-

Military History. 333

geon, Feb. 10, 1813, while Henry Colman had been chaplain since
July 6, 1807. In addition to these the citizens exempted by law
from military duty formed themselves into three companies of
infantry and one of artillery, the whole constituting a local bat-
talion commanded by Capt. Edward Wilder. The North Ward
company had for its officers : captain, Gen. John Barker ; lieu-
tenant, Major Jedediah Lincoln ; ensign, Solomon Lincoln. Tin?
Middle Ward : captain, Laban Hersey ; lieutenant, Capt. Solomon
Jones; ensign, Lieut. John Fearing. South Ward: captain, Jona-
than dishing ; lieutenant, Edward Wilder, Jr. ; ensign, Joseph
WTilder.

The Artillery Company was commanded by Captain Thomas
Brown, and the lieutenants were Ezra Lincoln and John
Hersey, Jr.

Ned Cushing was adjutant, and Ebenezer Gay paymaster of the
battalion, and Thomas Thaxter appears also to have been an
officer.

The Artillery had but one gun, which was kept in the engine-
house then standing on the land now occupied by Ford's Building.

There is little to record of local history and military service
during the three years in which was fought the War of 1812.
Even the Commonwealth possesses no rolls of the men who
served their country during this period, and neither tradition nor
private journals have contributed greatly to supply the omission.

John Todd is known to have been killed at Sackett's Harbor in
1813 ; and Alexander Gardner, of the same company, was wounded
at the time. The following also appear to have been soldiers in
this war, and some of them received pensions : —

Jesse Churchill, Bela Tower,

Enoch Curtis, Walter Whiton,

Allen Cushing, Cornelius Lincoln,

David Stoddar, Josiah Gardner,

Warren Stoddar, Matthew Stodder,

Ebed Stoddar, Job S. Whiton,

Archelaus Whiton, Peleg Dunbar,

Samuel Stoddar, Constant Gardner,

Luther Stoddar, Anthony Gardner,

Enoch Dunbar, Daniel Wilder.
David Gardner,

Joshua Blake, born in Hingham, Sept. 27, 1778, died in Boston,
Dec. 23, 1843, was a lieutenant in the navy, and subsequently
served with Decatur during the trouble with Tripoli. He was a
son of Joseph Blake, who lived in the house on the corner of
Main and Elm streets, and who served with Major Samuel
Thaxter in the French War.

Charles Blake, known as Capt. Charles Blake, served upon a
privateer during a part of the war. He was captured and con-

334 History of Hingham.

fined in Dartmoor Prison. Moses L. Humphrey commanded a
company composed, at least in part, of Hingham men, and stationed
at the Castle, now Fort Independence, in Boston harbor. Samuel
Stodder was in his command. Walter Whiton was born Nov. 28,
1783 ; he was a major in the United States army, and was killed
at the battle of Bridge water ; his home was at Liberty Plain.
Archelaus Whiton, or Whiting;, enlisted from the frigate " Con-
stitution " to go to the Lakes, and probably died in the expedi-
tion. Ebed Stoddar was taken prisoner and confined at Dartmoor
Prison, whence he escaped, but was never afterwards heard from.
Alexander Anderson was also confined at the same place.

During the War of 1812 most of the Hingham vessels were
hauled up in the town dock or at Broad Cove, excepting, how-
ever, a few of the packets ; and some of these, it is said, had their
masts and spars removed, and after being towed up Weymouth
River, were boarded over and concealed in order to prevent their
being seized by the British. The sloop " Washington " was
launched when she was partly planked up, sufficiently so to float
her, the owners fearing that she would be burnt by excursion
parties from English ships then lying off Boston Light. At this
time numerous depredations were committed by parties of the
British ; one of them landed on Hog Island, in barges, and burned
a barn full of hay ; and other property in the vicinity was
destroyed.

There were several vessels belonging to Hingham captured and
destroyed by the enemy during the war ; among them was the
" Emily," commanded by Capt. Barnabas Lincoln, and in part
owned by him. It was a sad sight for the old sailor, who at
another time had his vessel taken by pirates, to sec the fine
ship, in which were the fruits of many years of toil, given to the
flame and the sea. Captain Lincoln was well treated upon the
English man-of-war, and was soon released and allowed to return
home. The schooner " Sally," always called the " Old Bull " in
Hingham, was also captured and burned by the English cruisers :
she was commanded by Capt. Samuel Stoddar. The crew were
all married men excepting Martin Beal, and were released. Beal,
being single, was taken to Dartmoor Prison, but through the
influence of Dr. Gordon's wife, who came from the vicinity, was
soon released.

Ebed Stoddar was in a Hingham vessel that was captured and
burnt. He was taken to Halifax and confined in Dartmoor
Prison, but escaped with others and took a small vessel to come
home in. It is said that he was never heard from afterwards,
and that the vessel was supposed to have foundered. Mr. Leavitt
Sprague, however, is authority for the statement that Ebed Stod-
dar afterward shipped on a privateer from New York and was
never heard from.

June 11. 1814, the town was alarmed by messengers with the
statement that the English ships lying off Cohasset were about to

Mili turn History.

335

land a force and commit depredations on the town. The Hing-
ham companies were hurried to the scene with the idea of repelling
the intended invasion. Whether because of the preparations for
defence or otherwise, the landing was not attempted, and the
enemy soon withdrew. The companies, or at least a portion of
them, were detained a number of days at Cohasset, however.
Joseph J. Whiton was commissioned captain 16 August, 1813,
and a roll of his company which march (id to Cohasset and was
on duty there the 11th and 12th of June. 1814, is now in posses-
sion of Mr. Seth S. Hersey, and is as follows : —

Musician,

Private.

Joseph J. Whiton. Captain,
Seth S. Hersey, Sergt.
Isaiah Wilder, "
Ezekiel Fearing, "
Bela Hobart,
Jacob Spraguc,
Isaiah Tower.
Josiah Gardner,
Hosea Dunbar.
Charles Whiton,
Nathaniel Hersey.
Stephen Gardner, Jr
Samuel Gardner, Jr.
Silvanus Whiton.
Joseph Whiton,
Theophilus Whiton,
Charles L. Smith.
Laban Wilder,
Charles Gardner,
Luther Whiton,
Hosea Whiton,
Isaiah Whiton,
Daniel Whiton, Jr.
John Titterton,
Israel Sprague,
Henry Stoddard,
Lazarus Bowker,
Bela Thayer,
Robert D. Gardner,
Reuben Sprague, Jr.

u

u

ct

Enoch Dunbar, Jr., Private,

Samuel Dunbar, "

Hawkes Hobart, Jr., "

Joshua Tower, "

Quincy Gardner, "

Jesse Gardner,

Warren Gardner,

Hosea Gai'dner,

Constant Gardner,

Moses Tower,

Reuben Simmons,

Thomas Stockbridge,

Isaac Whiton,

Hosea Cushing, Jr.,

Benjamin Wilder,

Hosea Stoddard,

Leavitt Tower,

Thomas Humphrey,

Jared Jernegan,

Daniel Shute, Jr.

Anthony Gardner,

El)ed Hobart,

Daniel Dill,

Josiah Chubbuck,

Silas Chipman,

John Shute,

Caleb Stoddard, Jr.

Jeremiah Gardner, Ji

Warren Thayer,

u

a

At the time of the alarm Ned Cushing was adjutant of the
Second Regiment ; he went into the Meeting-house during divine
service, and gave public notice of the news from Cohasset.

Jairus Lincoln, probably a soldier at the battle of Bunker Hill,
was generally known as " Old Rodney." He was impressed into
the British navv, and was under the command of Admiral Rodney

336

History of Hingham.

when the fleet under that officer was engaged with the French
fleet under the Count De Grasse.

When peace was at last declared the rejoicings in Hingham, as
in New England generally, were most enthusiastic. Stephen
dishing came from Boston on horseback bringing the news. Mr.
Royal Whiton used to tell of Mr. Samuel Simmons coming to his
shop with a horse and sleigh, and of the two then riding through
the town proclaiming the news. " We went to South Hingham,
and all the way Mr. Simmons kept singing out at the top of his
voice, ' Peace ! peace!' -he kept his voice going the whole dis-
tance." There was a collation at Capt. Samuel Hobart's, the
military paraded, the bells were rung, and in the evening bonfires
were lighted on the hills and private dwellings illuminated. At
some of the public-houses the celebration was of quite as marked,
if different, character. It is said that Captain Hobart's House,
especially, was the scene of a gathering composed of many of the
leading wits and political lights of the town, and that the rejoic-
ings, which were carried far into the night, were quite worthy of
the great occasion.

For a time subsequent to the war little occurred of interest in
local military circles. The Rifles maintained their existence as
one of the crack companies of the day, and the standing companies
continued for a considerable period the usual existence of militia
organizations of the time.

The officers commissioned since 1812, excepting those already
mentioned , were —

William Gordon:

Surgeon .
Daniel Shute, 3d:

Surgeon 's-Mate
Joseph Cushing:

Captain

Major . . . .

Lieutenant-Col.
Perez Lincoln:

Lieutenant .

Captain
Jacob Cushing, Jr. :

Ensign

Lieutenant . .

Captain
Seth S. Mersey:

Lieutenant

Captain
Blossom Sprague:

Lieutenant .
John Thaxter:

Ensign

Lieutenant .
Samuel Fearing:

Ensign

Lieutenant .

Captain . . .

Feb. 10, 1813.

April 21, 1816.

July 25. 1814.
Feb. 16, 1818
March 28, 1818.

June 25, 1717
May 31, 1819.

July 25, 1814.
March 5, 1818.
March 22, 1820.

May 16, 1814.
March 5, 1818.

March 21, 1816.

June 25, 1816.
May 31, 1S19.

March 5, 1818.
March 22, 1820.
March 26, 1822.

James W. Sivret:

Lieutenant .
Seth Cushing, Jr. :

Ensign
Cushing Leavitt:

Ensign
Joshua Tower:

Ensign
Joseph Richardson:

Chaplain .
Henry Thaxter, Jr.:

Paymaster . .
Jairus Sprague:

Captain
Samuel Hobart:

Captain . ,

Seth S. Hersey:

Captain .
Adna Cushinjr :

Captain .
Lazarus Bowker:

Ensign

Lieutenant .

Captain
Laban Hersey, Jr. :

Ensign

Captain

June 29, 1820

March 5, 1818.

May 2, 1S20.

Sept. 25, 1820.

April 20, 1816.

Nov 7, 1817.

March 21, 1816.

June 25, 1817.

March 5, 1818.

March 5, 1818.

May 16, 1814.
March 5, 1S18
June 29, 1820.

March 21, 1816.
April 12, 1820.

Military History.

337

Lieutenant-Col.

Colonel . .
Charles Lane:

Lieutenant .

Captain

Major .
John Kingman:

Ensign . .

Captain . .
Marshall Lincoln:

Ensign

Lieutenant .
Henry Gushing:

Ensign

Quartermaster
Joshua Humphrey:

Ensign

Lieutenant .

Captain
Benjamin Wilder:

Ensign

Lieutenant .
Lincoln Gould:

Ensign
Samuel W. Loring:

Ensign . .

Lieutenant
Benjamin Thomas,

Ensign . .

Lieutenant .
Joshua Hersey, Jr.

Ensign . .

Captain .
Caleb Gill, Jr.:

Ensign . .

Lieutenant

Captain
Alfred C Hersey:

Lieutenant .

Captain
Jacob A. Nichols:

Captain
Robert T. P. Fiske

Surgeon .

Mav 21, 1823.
. Sept. 3, 1827.

. May 2, 1820.
. May 31, 1S23.
. Sept. 3, 1827.

. May 31, 1819.
. May 7, 1822.

. May 2, 1820.
. May 31, 1823.

. Oct. 13, 1821.
. April 12, 1822.

. May 7, 1821.
. Sept. 13, 1822.
. May 3, 1825.

. May 29, 1822.
. Aug. 29, 1825.

. May 3, 1825.

. Aug. 29, 1S25.
. July 2, 1827.
Jr.:

. April 20, 1826.
. Nov. 27, 1827.

. July 2, 1827.
. Oct. 18, 1830.

. Nov. 27, 1827.
. April 15, 1820.
. June 19, 1832.

. June 12, 1824
. May 21, 1827.

. Aug. 1, 1825.

' . Oct 1, 1827.

John K. Corbett:

Ensign

Lieutenant .

Captain .
Charles Lincoln :

Ensign . . .

Lieutenant .
James Stephenson, Jr

Ensign

Lieutenant .

Captain
Anson Nickerson:

Ensign . .

Lieutenant .

Captain
Leavitt Lane, Jr.:

Ensign

Lieutenant .
Joshua D Turner:

Lieutenant .

Captain . .
Enoch Lake:

Lieutenant . .

Captain .
David Gushing:

Lieutenant .
Isaac Waters :

Lieutenant .
Charles Shute:

Captain
Luther J. Barnes :

Paymaster .
Samuel L Fearing:

Ensign

Lieutenant .
Theophilus Gushing,

Ensign

Lieutenant .

Captain . .
Joseph Jacobs:

Ensign

Lieutenant .

Captain

Captain .

April 15, 1830.

June 19, 1832.
Sept. 2, 1833.

Sept. 13, 1822.
May 3, 1825.

May 13, 1823.

April 20, 1826.
Nov. 27, 1827.

March 1, 1S26.
May 21, 1827.
April 19, 1830.

May 21, 1827.
April 19, 1830.

May 30. 1S21.
March 27, 1822.

March 26, 1S22.
May 15, 182-4.

March 27, 1822.

June 24, 1828.

Aug. 1, 1825.

March 12, 1824.

April 19, 1830.
March IS, 1834.
2d:

Oct. 18, 1830.
Feb. 7, 1831.
March 13, 1834.

May 3, 1831.
Dec. 25, 1833.
April 7, 1843.
April 17, 1844.

In 1833 the Washington Guards were formed and received a
charter from the State. The Hingham " Gazette " of that and sub-
sequent years contains numerous notices of meetings, some at
Col. Laban Hersey's Hall, at West Hingham, and some at the Old
Colony House, at which latter place they sometimes had dinners
with speeches. Their first meeting with muskets appears to have
been on Nov. 1, 1833. The meeting of December 13 was called
at Wilder's Hall, situated in Wilder's Tavern, Lincoln Street. On
December 25 the members were notified to meet at the Old Colony
House to choose officers ; at this meeting Edward Cazneau was
elected captain, Joseph Jacobs, lieutenant, and Charles W.
Seymour, ensign. The uniform adopted was to consist of scarlet
vol. i. — 22

338

History of Hingham.

coats and white trousers, similar to that worn by the Boston
Fusileers.

In June, 1834, the Quincy Light Infantry visited Hingham, and
was received by the Guards at the town line and escorted to the
Union Hotel, where the two companies dined. July 4, 1834, the
ladies presented a flag to the company at Captain Cazneau's house,
Miss Almira Seymour making the address. Afterwards there
was a dinner at the Old Colony House, and it is recorded that
twenty toasts were drunk. Oct. 9, 1834, the volunteer companies
of the First Brigade First Division of the militia assembled at
Milton, near the Roxbury House, for inspection and review. In
addition to an artillery battalion, there were eight companies,
including the Hingham Rifles and the Washington Guards, com-
prising a regiment commanded by Colonel Spooner. At that
time Captain Corbett commanded the Rifles and Captain Cazneau
the Guards, between which organizations there was sharp rivalry.
The account says they made a fine appearance. Both companies
appear to have maintained their existence until the general dis-
band ment in 1843, at which time they were attached to the Third
Battalion of Light Infantry then or lately commanded by Colonel
Seymour. Joseph Jacobs, however, received a second commission
as Captain of the Guards, — then called Company G, — April 17,
1844, and he was not finally discharged until Feb. 12, 1846. The
following are additional commissions issued, generally, after the
formation of the Guards : —

Charles Gordon :

Surgeon's Mate
William White:

Paymaster
Charles Lane:

Colonel
John Stephenson :

Ensign

Lieutenant .

1st Lieutenant

Captain
Ivery B. Gerry:

Captain . . .
Isaac G. Sprague-

Ensign

Lieutenant .
John C. Webb:

Ensign
Solomon L. Damon:

Ensign . . .
Joshua Tower, Jr. :

Lieutenant .

Captain .
Lincoln B. Sprague:

Lieutenant .
Enoch Whiting:

Ensign .
Caleb Hersey:

Lieutenant .

Captain .

Sept. 27, 1830.

Sept. 13, 1830.

June 28, 1830.

Sept. 2. 1833.
June 9, 1837.
May 18, 1840.
March 31, 1841.

May 3, 1838.

June 19, 1832.
Sept. 2, 1833.

March 13, 1834.

March 18, 1834.

March 13, 1834.
May 3, 1836.

May 3, 1836.

Sept. 11, 1S36.

May 3, 1836.
Mav 7. 1839.

Benjamin S. Whiti
Lieutenant .

Thomas Corbett:
Ensign
Lieutenant
Captain . .

Elijah L. W hi ton:
Ensign
Lieutenant
1st Lieutenant

Charles Churchill:
Ensign
Lieutenant

Edward Cazneau:
Captain .

John Todd:

3d Lieutenant
Quartermaster

Rufus Lane, Jr. :
3d Lieutenant
Paymaster

Joseph Sprague:
2d Lieutenant
Adjutant

Joseph P. Batson:
3d Lieutenant
2d Lieutenant

John C. Eldridge:
2d Lieutenant

ng:
. May 7, 1839.

. June 9, 1837.
. Feb. 28, 1839.
. Aug. 15, 1839.

. June 10, 1837.
. June 23, 1S38.
. IS May, 1840.

. Feb. 28, 1S39.
. Aug. 15, 1839.

. April 23, 1842.

. April 5, 1841.
. July 13, 1841

. May 18, 1840.
. July 13, 1S41

. May 18, 1810
. July 13, 1841.

. Aug. 6. 1841.
. April 23, 1842.

Mav 27, 1840.

Military History.

339

Joshua Hersey, Jr. :

Major ....
Ezra Stephenson:

Surgeon . . .
Joseph M. Whiting:

Ensign . .
Charles W. Seymour

Ensign . .

Lieutenant

Captain

Captain

Colonel , .
Moses Humphrey:

Ensign . . ,
Moses L. Whiton

3d Lieutenant .

2d Lieutenant .

Captain . .

May 2, 1838.

July 13, 1841.

May 1, 1838.

Dec. 25, 1833.
June 10, 1837.
June 23, 1838.
April 5, 1841.
June 17, 1841.

June 23, 1838.

Aug. 22, 1840.
April 5, 1841.
Aug 6, 1841.

Elijah B Gill:

2d Lieutenant May 18, 1840.

1st Lieutenant . March 31, 1840.
Nehemiah Ripley, Jr :

3d Lieutenant

2d Lieutenant .
Elihu Thayer, Jr.:

3d Lieutenant .

2d Lieutenant .
Bela S. Hersey:

2d Lieutenant

1st Lieutenant .
Lincoln B. Sprague:

3d Lieutenant .
Henry Lincoln, 3d:

3d Lieutenant .
Nelson Corthell:

1st Lieutenant .

May 18, 1840.
March 3, 1841.

May 26, 1841.
Aug. 6, 1841.

Aug. 22, 1840
April 5, 1841.

March 31, 1841.

April 23, 1842.

May 27, 1846.

Christopher C. Eldridge:

4th Lieutenant . May 27, 1846.

By a general order April 24, 1840, very many of the above
officers who were then in office were discharged, but some of the
number received new commissions to the same rank as those pre-
viously held. As early as 1831 the company commanded by
Captain Nichols was disbanded and annexed to Captain Nicker-
son's company in the Middle Ward ; thus the two north military
wards became one. After the historical Second Regiment was
disbanded, there remained in Hingham only the volunteer com-
panies, the Hingham Rifles and Washington Guards. These were
attached to the Third Battalion of Light Infantry, and with its
disbandmcnt March 31, 1843, the Rifles ceased to exist. The
Guards appear to have lingered somewhat longer, for on May 27,
1846, Nelson Corthell and Christopher C. Eldridge were commis-
sioned lieutenants in the company. Little was heard of it there-
after, however, and Hingham was soon without a company of
organized militia, for the first time in some two hundred years.

In a little one-story wooden building, slightly altered in appear-
ance in these later days for its occupation as the intermediate school
at Centre Hingham, and standing near Spring Street, on what was
once a part of the Common lands, and not far from the site of the
old fort of brave John Smith and his men, there was quartered in
18G1 a company of the Fourth Massachusetts Volunteer Militia,
known in military circles as the Lincoln Light Infantry, composed
of some of the best young men of the town, and having a wide
reputation for its discipline and efficiency. It was organized on
the 28th of October, 1854, and January 20 of the following year
Hawkes Fearing, Jr., was elected its first commander. The other
officers were : Joseph T. Sprague, 1st Lieut. ; Luther Stephenson,
Jr., 2d Lieut. ; Edwin Fearing, 3d Lieut. ; E. Waters Burr, 4th
Lieut. Edwin Fearing died, and E. Waters Burr became 3d

840 History of Hingham.

Lieut., while William Fearing was chosen 4th Lieut. The two
latter officers resigned subsequently.

July 4, 1855, the company had its first parade ; and from that
date to the day of its disbandment in 1862, this last of the many
military organizations which had faithfully served the country,
and kept bright the honor of the town, maintained the reputation
of its predecessors. At the opening of the Rebellion its com-
mander was Joseph T. Sprague; but its high standing was largely
due to its first captain, who had then recently become lieutenant-
colonel of the regiment. To the little armory where were kept
its arms, equipments, and colors, which had been the pleasant
gathering-place of its members and the scene of its drills and
instructions, came with sober faces, and probably heavy hearts,
the soldiers of the company on the afternoon of the 17th of April,
1861. The booming of the cannon across the bay of Charleston,
sounding the minute-guns of slavery's death-knell, left to the
townsmen of Benjamin Lincoln no alternative ; and in the great
march towards liberty which then commenced, the Hingham
which nestled in her bosom the sleeping remains of the heroes of
four wars knew no faltering.

The voice of the great leader who had arisen was not strange
in her ears ; and as it reached the home of his ancestors and bade
the descendants of the Hobarts and Herseys and Cushings and
Lincolns take up the old battle for freedom and give their lives
that others might live, the response was as in the days of Church,
of Wolfe, and of Washington ; and the town whose forebears had
first settled down here at Bare Cove and given it the name of the
English home they had left, whose firstborn had helped subdue
Philip, whose sons " went out " against. the French, and strove
with the Redcoats at Bunker Hill, through all the weary and sad
and disheartening days of the long contest gave freely and gen-
erously of her means, and honored many a southern battle-field
with the graves of her children. The details of the story can be
scarcely more than touched upon here ; the briefly related facts
expand too greatly the limits of this chapter. In glancing back
at the history of this exciting period, we cannot repress a little
local pride in the recollection that the beloved President belonged,
at least in a sense, to the old town, being a descendant of the
Hingham Lincolns; that the Governor of the Commonwealth was
our own loved fellow-citizen ; that the company which upheld the
town's honor and continued her noble record of devotion to duty was
named after her great general, and its commander was descends]
from the old soldiers of the Revolution ; and that, moreover,
many of its members bore the honored names of ancestors who had
faced death at the cannon's mouth nearly a hundred years before, —
while the second officer of the regiment to which it was attached
was a grandson of the Hawkes Fearing who drew the Hingham
cannon to Hull in 1776, and a relation of Capt. Thomas Fearing of
the Revolutionary army.

Military History.

341

On the 16th, after a meeting of the field officers of the regiments
near Boston in the Governor's room at the State House, Lieut-
Colonel Fearing came to Hingham and called a meeting of the
Lincoln Light Infantry at its armory. During the day, Lieut.
Luther Stephenson, Jr., had received a despatch from the Governor
announcing the discharge of Captain Sprague, and ordering him
to report with the company by the first train in Boston.

At one o'clock p. m. of Wednesday, the 17th, the members
assembled at the armory, and at four o'clock marched out amid
the ringing of bells and the cheering of the multitude. Taking
the train, Boston was reached late in the afternoon ; and the com-
pany soon joined the Fourth Regiment, to which it belonged, at
the State House. After receiving equipments and listening to a
brief address from Governor Andrew, the Fourth and Sixth Regi-
ments together marched for the depots, — the former proceeding by
the Old Colony, and the latter by the then Worcester road. April
20, the Fourth reached its destination, Fortress Monroe. The
following is the roll of the Lincoln Light Infantry of April 19,
1801 : —

Luther Stephenson, Jr., Capt.,
Charles Sprague, 1st Lieut.,
Nathaniel French, Jr., 2d "
Peter X. Sprague, Sergt.,
Joshua Morse,
Henry Stephenson, Corp.,
Lyman B. Whiton, u
Samuel Bronsdon, Fifer,
George W. Bibby, Private,
Jacob G. dishing, " *

The above were members of
following joined at the time of

George M. Adams, Private,
Charles H. Bassett,
Andrew J. Clark.
John Creswell,
Fergus A. Easton,
John W. Eldredge,
George A. Grover,
James M. Haskell,
George E. Humphrey,
John Q. Jacob,
Benjamin L. Jones,
George Miller,

u

Henry S. Ewer, Private,
Levi Kenerson, "

Josiah M. Lane, "

George R. Reed, "

Benjamin S. Souther, "
James S. Sturtevant, "
William S. Whiton, "
Joseph N. Berry, Weymouth, Pr.,
Parker E. Lane, " "

Daniel W. Lincoln, " "

the company previously, but the
its departure : —

William T. Nelson, Private,

Ebenezer F. Roberts,

John S. Souther,

William J. Stockwcll,

Alvin Tower,

Isaac G. Waters,

George Wolfe,

Elijah Prouty, Weymouth, Priv.,

Theodore Raymond, Weymouth,

Private,
Alfred W. Stoddard, Marshfield,

Private.

u

..

The company, which numbered forty-two at this time, was
increased to seventy-nine on the 22d of May by the arrival of

the following recruits : -

u

342 History of Hingham.

Henry F. Binney, Jacob Ourish,

James B. Bryant, Albert L. Peirce,

John W. Burr, Charles H. F. Stodder,

Thomas A. Carver, Demerick Stodder,

Silas H. Cobb, William Taylor,

Charles Corbett, Charles H. Damon, W. Scituate,

Jerry J. Corcoran, George C. Dwelly, Hanover,

Isaac M. Dow, Hosea Dwelly, "

Levi H. Dow, Francis W. Everson, Weymouth,

George Dunbar, Charles A. Gardner, W. Scituate,

George W. Fearing, Henry C. Gardner,

Henry C. French, John D. Gardner,

Albert S. Haynes, Herbert Graves, "

Edwin Hersey, William B. Harlow, Hanover,

William H. Jacob, E. A. Jacob, West Scituate,

William H. Jones, Jr. John H. Prouty, " "

Alfred A.Lincoln, William Prouty, Jr., " "

Daniel S. Lincoln, Alpheus Thomas, South "

William H. Marston,

Two days after the departure of Lieutenant Stephenson with his
men, a meeting of the citizens was held at the Town Hall for the
purpose of devising means for the relief of such families of mem-
bers of the company as might need assistance during its absence.
Caleb Gill presided, and eight hundred dollars for the purpose was
subscribed by persons in the hall. It was the anniversary of the
battle of Lexington. On Sunday, the 28th, a large number of
ladies, under the general direction of Mrs. Solomon Lincoln, met
in Masonic Hall, in Lincoln Building, for the purpose of making
clothing to be sent to Hingharn's company at Fortress Monroe.
April 30, Charles W. Cushing presided over a town meeting, at
which six thousand dollars were appropriated to furnish supplies
to the families of those who had been, or thereafter should be,
called into the country's service. The Fourth Massachusetts was
stationed a portion of its time at Newport News, and a portion at
Hampton, from which last place it returned to Fortress Monroe
on the expiration of its term of enlistment. It reached Boston
July 19, and went into camp at Long Island. On the 23d the
Lincoln Light Infantry, having with the rest of the regiment been
mustered out of service, proceeded to Hingham, where it was given
a formal public reception. A procession consisting of a detach-
ment of the Second Battalion of Infantry, a company of " Home
Guards," the fire department, a cavalcade, and a large number of
citizens, was formed upon the wharf. Subsequently Cobb's Light
Battery headed the escort. In front of Lincoln's Building a
service of thanksgiving was held, and addresses were made.
At the close of the exercises the procession proceeded to the
Town Hall amid the ringing of the church bells and the firing of
cannon ; here a collation was served, and the men returned to the
homes which they had left so suddenly three month? before.

Military History. 343

The subsequent history of this company was uneventful ; it
may as well be briefly related here. Feb. 17, 1862, Joshua Morse
was elected captain, vice Luther Stephenson, Jr., honorably dis-
charged. May 26, 1862, the company, then numbering forty-two
men, was ordered to report to Boston for active service, but was
sent back to Hingham on the 28th. June 23, Captain Morse
having resigned, Peter N. Sprague was elected captain. Sep-
tember 29 of the same year, the company was disbanded.

May 3, 1861, President Lincoln issued his first call for volun-
teers to serve three years. Elijah B. Gill, then a resident of
Boston, but a native of Hingham, enlisted in Company I of the
First' Mass. Volunteers, and was made lieutenant of the company.
Lieutenant Gill was mortally wounded July 21, and buried at
Centreville, Va. He was the first Hingham man killed in the
war. The following also enlisted in 1861 : —

First Regiment.

John William Gardner, Co. I; also in Navy. Died in service.

George P. Kilburn, Co. I.

John W. Chessman, Co. H. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.

Seventh Regiment.

William Dunbar, Jr., Co. K. Born Hingham, Nov. 2, 1828. While
a member of the 35th Infantry he was mortally wounded at
Weldon Railroad, and died April 19, 1864, in the 36th year of
his age.

Eleventh Regiment.

James J. Healey, Co. E ; also Co. K, Sergt. ; twice wounded.

Lemuel S. Blackman, Co. K. Quota Dorchester ; former resident
Hingham. Born Dorchester Feb. 18, 1840. Died June 13, 1870,
from disease contracted in service.

Daniel H. Burr, Co. K. Born Hingham Feb. 19, 1838. Wounded
at Williamsburg May 5, 1862. Killed at Gettysburg July 2,
1863, aged 25 years.

James S. Dustin, Co. K. Musician.

Nathaniel Gill, Co. K. Musician.

William T. Barnes, Co. K.

Charles H. Marsh, Co. K. Born Hingham July 12, 1828. Mortally
wounded at Williamsburg May 5, 1862, and died the next day,
asred 34 vears.

Edwin Humphrey enlisted April 20, 1861. June 13 he became
First Lieutenant Company G, and October 11 he was made
Captain of Company A. Captain Humphrey was the son of
Leavitt and Muriel Humphrey, and was born in Hingham
Sept. 6, 1831. He was the first man to enlist for three years
upon the town's quota. He was a brave officer, and was mor-
tally wounded at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863 ; he died the next
day. The Grand Army Post in Hingham is named in his
honor.

344 History of Hingham.

Twelfth Regiment.

Alexander Hitchborn, Co. F. Killed at Chancellorsville. Captain
Hitchborn was born in Hingham in 1822, and removed to
Brockton in 1854. After resigning from the Twelfth Massa-
chusetts, he became Assistant Surgeon in the Seventh Regular
Infantry, and was killed at the opening of the battle.

George Gardner, Co. E, Corporal.

John H. Blackmail, Co. H. Quota Wevmouth. Born Dorchester
June 6, 1842. Killed at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Brother
of Lemuel S.

Laban F. Cushing. Co. K. Quota Manchester.

James D. Dunbar, Co H. Quota Weymouth.

John J. Edmonds, Co. G. Transferred to V. R. Corps.

James Fitzgerald, Co. G. Born Nova Scotia, 1841. Mortally
wounded at Antictam, and died Nov. 6, aged 21 years.

Jacob Gardner, Jr., Co. H.

Samuel Spencer, Co. E. Mortally wounded at City Point, and died
June 25, 1864, aged 20 years.

Henry Swears, Co. H. Quota Weymouth. Killed at Fredericks-
burg Dec. 13, 1862, aged 20 years.

Francis Thomas, Co. H. Born Hingham, Feb. 1, 1844. Lieu-
tenant Thomas was at the time of his enlistment but 17 years
of aire, and the first of five brothers to enter the service. Enter-
ing the army as sergeant-major, he became in 1862 adjutant
of the regiment, and in January, 1863, Inspector of the Second
Brigade, Second Division, First Army Corps ; he was killed at
Gettysburg, July 3, 1862, aged 19 years.

Thirteenth Regiment.

William Wallace Sprague, Co. B. Quota Boston. Prisoner at
Belle Isle.

Fourteenth Regiment.

William Carter. Transferred to 1st Heavy Artillery, 1862.
Anton Tapp, Co. L. Transferred to 1st Heavy Artillery, 1862.

Fifteenth Regiment.

John E. Morse, Co. B. Quota Fitchburg. Captain in the Invalid
Corps. Afterward in 20th Regiment.

Sixteenth Regiment.

Michael Fee, Co. E. Born Leitrim County, Ireland, December,

1820. Wounded at Gettysburg, and died in service Sept. 26,

1863, aged 43 years.
Charles W. Blossom, Co. I, Corporal. Born Chicopee June 29,

1840, and died at Hingham from disease contracted in service

Aug. 26, 1862, six days after reaching home.
Dennis Meagher, Co. A. Died or killed in service.

Military History. 345

Seventeenth Regiment.

Owen Murphy, Co. C, Sergt.

David Pettengill. Probably enlisted in 1861.

Philip Sullivan. Probably enlisted in 1861.

Eighteenth Regiment.

Thomas Weston, Co. E, Middleborough, Capt. Colonel Weston
entered the service as Captain of Company E., became Major
Oct. 15, 1863, and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Sept. 2, 1861.
He was a brave and efficient officer, and was wounded at the
second Battle of Bull Run. Has been for many years a resident
of Hindi am, and represented the district in the legislature in
1892. "Was Commander of Post 104, G. A. R., in 1890 and
1891.

Benjamin F. Meservey, Co. H, 4th M. V. M., Quincy, 2d Lieut.
Major Meservey became Captain of Co. K, 18th Mass. and was
wounded severely at second Bull Run. A brave officer. Brevet
Major.

Henry Jones, Co. E, Sergt. Quota Duxbury. Wounded at Bull
Run, and again at Petersburg.

William H. Jones, Jr., Co. K. First served in Lincoln Light
Infantry. Became Sergeant in Captain Meservey's company,
in which, also, his father served. A brave soldier. Born Wey-
mouth Jan. 26, 1841. Died from disease while in service, Feb.
12, 1864, aged 23 years.

Nelson F. Corthell, Co. A, Corp. Born Hingham April 1, 1838.
Killed at second Bull Run, Aug. 30, 1862, aged 24 years.

Thomas Churchill, Co. A. Quota Boston. Born Hingham, Feb.
5, 1808. Died in service, Aug. 7, 1862, aged 54 years.

James M. Downer.

John Q. Jacob, Co. K. Transferred to V. R. Corps. First ser-
vice in Lincoln Light Infantry.

William H. Jones, Co. K. Afterward Co. C, 4th Cavalry. Born
Boston, March 23, 1816, and died in service Sept. 19, 1864,
aged 48 years. Mr. Jones was the father of Sergt. Wm. H.
Jones, Jr., and of Gardner Jones, both of whom also laid down
their lives for their country.

Samuel T. Mears. Quota Duxbury.

William W. Robinson, Co. K. First served in Co. H. 4th Infantry,
M. V. M. Born Hingham, April 14, 1835. Died of disease
contracted in service.

Jeremiah Spencer, Co. K.

George E. Smith, Co. G.

Edward L. Tracv, Co. K.

Robert Tufts, Co. K.

346 History of Hinyham.

Nineteenth Regiment.

Samuel Bronsdon. Musician. Also served in Lincoln Light

Infantry, M.V.M.
James McKay, Co. I.

Twentieth Regiment.

Alvin Tower, Co. A. Born Cohasset, Sept. 13, 1832. Mortally
wounded at Fair Oaks June 1, 1862, and died June 8, aged 30
years. First service in Lincoln Light Infantry.

Edward 0. Graves, Co. K. Afterward in 59th and 57th.

Twenty-first Regiment.

George A. Grover, Co. E. Also in Lincoln Light Infantry; wounded.
Andrew Jacob, Co. E.

Twenty-second Regiment.

Charles F. Alger, Co. K. Quota Boston.

John B. Crease, Co. A. Quota Boston. Born Scotland, May 26,

1839. Died in service May 16, 1862, aged 23 years.
William B. Cushing, Co. D.

Twenty-third Regiment.

George E. Humphrey, Co. H, Sergt. Wounded. Also in Lincoln

Light Infantry.
Edward C. Blossom, Co. A, Corp. Also in 29th Regt. of Infantry.
Andrew J. Clark, Co. H. Also in Lincoln Lt. Infty.
Samuel M. Lincoln, Co. H. Born Hingham Dec. 28, 1841 ; died

in service Oct. 2, 1864, aged 23 years.

Twenty-fourth Regiment.

George L. Gardner, Co. E.

John W. Lincoln, Co. C. Quota Northborough.

Justin A. Carver, Co. C.

Thomas Conway, Co. F.

Twenty-eighth Regiment.
Peter Ready, Co. F.

Twenty-ninth Regiment.

Joseph H. Barnes, Co. K, Capt. Boston. Captain Barnes became
Lieutenant-Colonel in December, 1801. Brevet Brig.-Gen.

Waldo F. Corbett, Co. Ff, Corp. 1st Lieut. 1st U. S. Heavy Artil-
lery (Colored).

George Thomas, Co. A.

Thirtieth Regiment.

Jacob Ourish, Co. I, Sergt. Wounded. Also in Lincoln Light

Infantry.
Joseph C. Burr, Co. C, Corp. Also in V. R. C.

Military History. 347

John Brown, Co. E.

William J. Stock well, Co. I. Also in Lincoln Light Infantry.

Born Hingham, Feb. 24, 1842. Died in service, Aug. 9, 1863.
John Sullivan, Co. E.

Thirty-second Regiment.

The Thirty-second Regiment, of which the basis was a battalion
originally raised to garrison Fort Warren, contained many more
men from Hingham than did any other in the service. Indeed,
three of the companies, A, E, and F, were so largely composed of
recruits from this town as to be regarded almost as Hingham
organizations ; and the movements of the regiment were prob-
ably followed with greater interest by our citizens than any other
in the army. Its magnificent record for bravery and faithful-
ness more than fulfilled and repaid the expectations and pride
felt in it. Capt. Luther Stephenson, Jr., recruited and commanded
Company A, which eventually contained twenty-four from Hing-
ham. Captain Bumpus, of Braintree, commanded Company E, in
which thirty-two Hingham men enlisted, and in Company F there
were twenty-two of our fellow-townsmen ; besides these, there
were six others scattered through other companies, — making
eighty -four Hingham soldiers in the regiment. The names of
those enlisting in subsequent years will be found in their proper
places.

Luther Stephenson, Jr., who, it will be recalled, commanded
the Lincoln Light Infantry on the departure of the Fourth
Regiment, M. V. M., was born in Hingham, April 25, 1830. He
became Major of the Thirty-second Regiment Aug. 18, 1862,
and December 29 was commissioned lieutenant-colonel. He was
severely wounded at Gettysburg, and again on the 18th and 22d
of June, 1864. Colonel Stephenson was a brave officer, and by
order of General Grant was breveted colonel and brigadier-
general March 16, 1865, for gallant services. He was chief of
the State Detective Force from March, 1875, to July, 1878, and in
1883 was appointed Governor of the United States Soldiers' Home
at Togus, in Maine, with the rank of a brigadier-general in the
army, which office he still holds.

George R. Reed, Cos. A and I. Born Hingham, Dec. 17, 1839.

First service in Lincoln Light Infantry. Sept. 1, 1862, became

2d Lieut. ; 1st Lieut. Dec. 30 ; July 20, 1864, commissioned

Captain.
George W. Bibby, Co. A. Member Lincoln Light Infty. Aug. 21,

1862, 2d Lieut., and 1st Lieut. Aug. 22, 1863. Killed May 20,

1864.
Nathaniel French, Jr., Co. A. Born Hingham, Aug. 28, 1858.

2d Lieut. Lincoln Light Infty. April 20, 1861, and of Co. A,

32d Regt. Nov. 16 ; 1st Lieut. March 7, 1862, and transferred

to Co. D. Died in service, Aug. 9, 1862.

u

a

a

u

u

u

u

u

u

.th(

3rs

in the

service.

348 History of Hingham.

Amos P. Holden, Co. A. 2d Lieut. March 26, 1862.

Edward T. Bouve", Co. G, 1st Lieut. See 4th Cavalry.

Lyman B. Whiton, Co. I. Born Hingham, Jan. 17, 1834. Sergt.

in Lincoln Light Infty ; 2d Lieut. Co. I, 32d Regt. ; 1st Lieut,

May 26, 1862; Capt. 3d Co. Heavy Artil., Dec 31, 1862:

Major 3d Regt. Heavy Artil. Sept. 8, 1864 ; Commander Post

104, G. A. R., 1892.
Thomas A. Carver, Co. E, Sergt. Wounded. Trans, to V. R. C. ;

first served in Lincoln Light Infantry.
Charles Corbett, Co. A, Sergt. Menib. Lincoln Lt. Inftv.

John W. Eldredge, Co. E, - Wounded.
Henry S. Ewer, Co. A, "
James M. Haskell, Co. A, "

Born in Augusta, Me. ; one of six brothers

Mortally wounded at Gettysburg.
James McCarty, Co. A, Sergt. A very brave soldier.
Charles S. Meade, Co. A, " Born Walpole, N. H., March 1, 1844.

Enlisted at 17 vears of age, and died in service, March 7, 1864.
Peter Ourish, Co.*E., Sergt. Born Buffalo, N. Y., April 15, 1845.

Enlisted at 16 years of age. Mort. wounded; died June 8, 1864,

aged 19 years.
John Parrv, Co. A, Sergt.

Nathaniel Wilder, 2d, Co. E, Sergt. Transferred to V. R. C.
John C. Chadbourn, Co. A, Corp. Wounded.
Silas H. Cobb, Co. E, Corp. Member Lincoln Light Infty.
Jacob G. Cushins:, Co. D, Corp. Member Lincoln Light Infantry.

Born Oct. 8, 1836. Mort. wounded at Laurel Hill, May 12, 1864.
John C. Eldredge, Co. E, Corp.
Harvev M. Pratt, Co. A, " Wounded.

Edgar P. Stodder, Co. E, "
Simmer A. Trask, Co. A, "

Edwin Hersey, Co. E, Musician. Also in Lincoln Light Infty.
Charles H. F. Stodder, Co. E, Musician. Also in Lincoln Light

Infantry.
Otis L. Battles, Co. E. Wounded at Cold Harbor.
William Breen, Co. A, Corp. Died a prisoner in the service.
Henrv F. Binnev, Co. E. Also in Lincoln Light Infantry.
Ichabod W. Chandler, Co. E. Transferred to V. R. C.
William Fardy, Co. E.

George French, Jr., Co. A. Transferred to V. R. C.
Stephen P. Gould, Co. E.
Warren Hatch, Jr., Co. A.
Samuel J. Henderson, Co. A.
John Q. Hersey, Co. E. Born Hingham, Sept. 23, 1829. Died

in the service.
William Hersey, Jr.
Wallace Humphrey, Co. E. Born Hingham, Sept. 2, 1836. Killed

at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864.
Alfred A. Lincoln, Co. E. Member Lincoln Light Infty.

Military History. 349

Meltiah Lorintr, Co. A.

Frank H. Miller, Co. E. Wounded Feb. 6, 1865.

Paul McNeil, Co. A.

John M. Nolan, Co. A.

Nathaniel B. Peare, Co. E.

George M. Prouty, Co. F.

James B. Prouty, Co. E.

Thomas Rafferty, Jr., Co. E.

Foster Remington, Co. E.

William F. Riley, Co. E.

John E. Snell, Co. E. Wounded at Gettysburg.

Franklin A. Stodder. Transferred to V. R. C.

Horace L. Studley, Co. E. Born Scituate, Sept. 24, 1837. Died in

the service, April 1, 1863.
William H. Thomas, Co. A.
Ezra Wilder, Jr., Co. E.
George Wilder, Co. A.
Joshua Wilder, Co. A.
Horatio P. Willard, Co. A. Born Ashburnham, Sept. 25, 1819.

Died in service, Nov. 6, 1862.
George A. Wolfe, Co. E.

First Battery Light Artillery.
James R. French.

Third Battery Light Artillery.

Geonre F. Tower,

e

First Cavalry.

William A. Daggett, Co. K, Bugler. Transferred to Co. K, 4th
Cav. First served in Co. C, 4th Regt. M. V. M.

Charles D. Kilburn, Co. B, Corp. Born Boston, June 22, 1839.
Mortallv wounded at Hope Church, Va., November, 1863, and
died Jan. 4, 1864.

William 0. Lincoln, Jr., Co. A, Commissary Sergeant.

Nov. 15, 1861, the town voted to raise three thousand dollars in
aid of the families of volunteers.

March 3, 1862, at a town meeting, a committee previously
chosen reported that they had expended for uniforms, clothing,
caps, shoes, etc., for the Lincoln Light Infantry, $1,331.27, and
to volunteers in other companies, $18.50.

July 5, 1862, the town voted $5,000 for the payment of State
aid, and $1,000 as town aid, to volunteers and their families in
the service of the United States.

July 11, a meeting of citizens, held in reference to raising the
town's quota of three hundred thousand men called for by the
President on the 2d of the same month, voted to recommend
the payment of $75 to each man volunteering on the town's
quota ; at a meeting four days later, the amount recommended
for this purpose was increased to $100, and this sum was voted
by the town at a meeting on the 19th.

350 History of Hingham.

Numerous meetings of citizens were held in aid of recruiting by
the town during the summer, and on August 15, at a town meet-
ing, it was voted to give one hundred dollars in addition to the
sum previously voted to be paid to volunteers for three years on
the first quota ; and at a meeting of the town on the 29th of the
month the amount of bounty to be paid for each volunteer upon
the second quota was increased fifty dollars.

In the autumn of 1862, two companies of " Home Guards "
were formed ; they paraded as a battalion on the 22d of October,
and a second parade took place November 1.

During the summer of 1802 the Government had called for
three hundred thousand nine-months men, in addition to those
already required for three years' service. On the quota for nine
months, Hingham was required to furnish eighty-three men. Many
of these were at the time borrowed from Plymouth, Middleborough,
and Quincy, but were soon afterwards returned. The following
were enlisted for nine months : —

Fourth Regiment.

Tilson Fuller, Co. K, Corp.

Caleb B. Marsh, Co. A. Prisoner at Donaldsonville.

Fifth Rkgiment.
Jairus Lincoln, Jr., Co. E, Sergt.

Sixth Regiment.
George Smith, Co. F. Quota Newton. Wounded.

Forty-second Regiment.

Augustus Boiling, Co. C.
Swan P. Colberg, Co. C.
James Corcoran, Co. C.
Patrick McCrane, Co. C.
Michael Reardon, Co. C.

Forty-third Regiment.

John C. Whiton, Lieutenant-Colonel. Born Hingham, Aug. 22,
1828. First served as Captain of the Second Battalion M. V. M.,
in garrison duty at Fort Warren, then as Captain and Lieutenant-
Colonel in the 43d Regiment of nine-months men. Was sub-
sequently Lieutenant-Colonel and Colonel of the 58th Regiment,
and was wounded at Bethesda Church.

Dexter Grose, Co. F, Sergt. Two brothers of Sergt. Grose were
in the service.

George W. Fearing, Co. K, Corp. Formerly in Lincoln Light
Infantry.

Loring H. dishing, Co. K.

Isaac F. Goodwin, Co. K.

Military History. 351

Hollis Hersey, Co. K. Born Hingham, May 3, 1833. Died from
disease contracted in service, Aug. 30, 1865, aged 31 years.

Peter Loring, Co. K.

Daniel McKenna, Co. K.

Samuel C. Souther, Co. K.

Thomas Souther, Co. K.

Charles Tower, Co. K.

William Waters Sprague, Co. A.

Robert M. Cummings, Co. B. From Braintree ; served in Hing-
ham's quota.

Frederick W. Cotton, Co. K.

Forty-fourth Regiment.

Alvin Blanchard, Jr., Co. D.

Charles H. Bailey, Co. A.

James L. Hunt, Co. H.

William Jones, Co. D.

Levi Kenerson, Co. D. First service in Lincoln Light Infantry.

John H. Litchfield, Co. D.

John A. Reed, Co. D.

Ezra T. C. Stephenson, Co D.

William L. Stephenson, Co. D.

Forty- fifth Regiment.

Robert Burnsidc, Co. I. Of Boston.

Ernest F. Eichborn, Co. G.

Edwin G. Evans, Co. B. Of Dorchester.

Jacob A. Evvell, Co. B. Of Dorchester.

Francis Hersey, Co. G.

Henry 0. Little, Co. G.

William Lowry, Jr., Co. G.

Josiah L. Marsh, Co. G.

John R. Mayhcw, Co. G.

Daniel W. Pendergast, Co. G. Died of disease contracted in

service.
James Souther, Co. G.
Artemas Sprague, Co. G.
Edward Trabbitts, Co. G. Of Boston.
Hubert J. Tullev, Co. G.
Daniel J. Wall/Co. G.

Fiftieth Regiment.
Charles H. Brown, Co. E.

Eleventh Light Battery.
Joseph M. Thomas. Lieut, in 42d Regt.

352 History of Hingham.

The three-years men who enlisted in 1862 were : —

First Regiment.

William H. Beal, Co. K. Born Hingham, Oct. 9, 1841. Severely
wounded at Gettysburg- ; gradually failed, and died Dec. 20,
1865. Also in 24th Regt.

Joseph M. Poole, Co. F.

Thomas Tinsley, Co. K. Born England, Aug. 7, 1821; died May
11. 1863, from wounds received at Chancellorsville.

Second Regiment.

Isaac B. Damon, Co. I.

Seventh Regiment.

Ebcnezer F. Roberts, Co. A. Wounded and transferred to V.R.C.
First served in Lincoln Light Infty.

Ninth Regiment.
John J. Breen, Co. K, Corp. Wounded at Spottsylvania.

Eleventh Regiment.
William C. Miller, Co. B. Wounded at Williamsburg, May 3, 1862.

Thirteenth Regiment.
George W. Stodder, Co. H.

Twentieth Regiment.
Daniel Daley, Co. H. Wounded at Fredericksburg.

Twenty-fourth Regiment.

Albert F. Barnes, Co. A.
James Booth.

Thirty-first Regiment.

John G. Dawes, Co. K, Sergt. Transferred to 2d La. Volunteers,
and commissioned 2d Lieut.

Thirty-second Regiment.

George M. Hudson, Co. F. 2d Lieut. Dec. 29, 1862; 1st Lieut.

Sept. 29, 1863. Wounded at Laurel Hill, May 12, 1864.
Thomas D. Blossom, Co. E, Sersrt. Wounded at Petersburg, June

18, 1864.
Leonard E. Buker. Co. F. Wounded at Gravcllv Run.
Isaac G. Waters, Co. F. Trans, to V. R. C. First served with

Lincoln Light Infty.
Theophilus Cushing, Jr., Co. F, Corp.

Military History. 353

William L. Dawes, Co. F. Wounded Cold Harbor.

Thomas L. French, Co. F, Corp.

Washington I. Stodder, Co. F, Corp. Born at Hingham,Aug. 26,

1841. Mortally wounded Spottsylvania Court House, May 12,

1864.
Ephraim Anderson, Co. F.
Daniel L. Beal, Co. F. Born Cohasset, June 23, 1832. Died in

service, July 29, 1864.
Laban 0. Beal, Co. F.
Patrick Callahan, Co. K.
Rufus Churchill, Co. F.
Gustavus T. Corthell, Co. F.

Henry Gardner, Co. F. Transferred to V. R. C. and made Sergt.
William H. Hersey, Co. F.
Svlvanus H. Higgins, Co. F.
Joshua Jacob, Jr., Co. D.
Frank Jermyn, Co. F.
Gardner Jones, born Boston, Jan. 10, 1843. Died June 1, 1864,

of wounds received at Laurel Hill, aged 21 years.
Morallus Lane, Co. F.
Henry G. Morse, Co. F.

John S. Souther, Co. A. First service in Lincoln Light Infantrv.
Demerick Stodder, Co. F. Born Hingham, Nov. 23,1839. First

served in Lincoln Light Infty. Killed at Gettysburg, Julv 2,

1863.
William Taylor, Co. F. First served in Lincoln Light Infantry.

Thirty-fifth Regiment.
Oliver Burrill, Co. H. 2d Lieut. Aug. 11, 1862; 1st Lieut. Dec.

15, 1862.
George M. Adams, Co. H, Sergt. Wounded. Trans, to V. R. C.

Served in Lincoln Light Infty.
Jason Gardner, Co. H, Musician. Quota Weymouth.
David W. Cashing, Co. H. Born Weymouth, Dec. 8, 1831. and

served in quota of that town. Killed at Antietam, Sept. IT.

1862.
Perez F. Fearing, Co. I. Born Hingham, Aug. 19, 1842. Mort.

wounded at the Mine, July 30, 1864.
Hiram Thomas, Co. D. Quota Waltham.

Thirty-eighth Regiment.

James H. Wade. Capt. Aug. 20, 1862.

Louis T. V. Cazaire, Co. I. 2d Lieut. June 16, 1864. Subse-
quently in 89th Regt. U. S. Colored Troops, and later on staff
of General Can by.

Billings Merritt, Co. D, Sergt.

Henry Brown, Co. D. Transferred to the navy.

Cyrus H. Chase, Co. I.

Thomas Hervey, Co. I. Of Charlestown. Killed Aug. 13, 1863. at
Bisland, La., aged 37 years.

vol. i. — 23

354 History of Hingham.

Joshua Roach, Co. H. Died in service, June 1, 1863, aged 38 yrs.
Cushman Rounds, Co. H.
Peter H. Royal, Co. H.
William Rich, Co. I.

Thirty-ninth Regiment.

Thaddeus Churchill, Co. D, Sergt. 2d Lieut. 3d U. S. Col'd Infty.
John H. Prouty, Co. G, Sergt. ; 2d Lieut. First served in Lincoln

Liffht Infty.
John W. Bailey, Co. G, Sergt,
Henry C. French, Co. G, Sergt. Born Hingham, June 30, 1836.

First served in Lincoln Liedit Infantry. Murdered while a

prisoner at Belle Isle, Va., Aug. 26, 1864, aged 28. One of

three brothers, all of whom gave their lives for their country

and ours.
William H. Jacob. Co. G, Sergt.
Charles C. Bailey, Co. G, Corp.
Benjamin C. Lincoln, Co. G. Capt. 2d U. S. Col'd Infty., 1863;

Major, July 20, 1864. Born Hingham, Aug. 12, 1840. Mort.

wounded at Natural Bridge, Fla., March 8, 1865.
Henry F. Miller, Co. G, Corp. Burn Salem, Jan. 30, 1845. Mort.

wounded at Laurel Hill, May 8, 1864, aged 19 yrs.
Charles C. Young, Co. G, Corp.
Charles E. Bates, Co. G. Born Cohasset, Dec. 16, 1837. Wounded

at Laurel Hill. Died in service, Nov. 2, 1864, aged 26 years.
Timothy B. Chapman, Co. G.
Eleazer Chubbuck, Jr., Co. G.
James T. Churchill. Born Hingham, May 9, 1841. Died in

Andersonville Prison, June 23, 1864, aged 23 years.
John Cresswell, Co. G. First served in Lincoln Lt. Infantry.
Andrew J. Damon, Co. G. Born Scituate, June 14, 1843. Died

of disease contracted in service, Oct. 27, 1863, aged 20 years.
Charles E. French, Co. G. Born Hingham, Aug. 2, 1842. Died a

prisoner at Salisbury, N. C, Nov. 28, 1864, aged 22 years.
George D. Gardner, Co. G. Born Boston, Aug. 27, 1828. Died

in service, Aug. 4, 1864, aged 36 years.
Alvin R. Glines, Co. G.
Albert S. Haynes, Co. G. Born Hanover, Sept., 1843. First

served in Lincoln Light Infty. Mort. wounded at Laurel Hill,

and died June 11. 1864, aaed 21 vears.
Albert Hersey, Co. G.
George L. Hersey, Co. G.

I fenry F. Hersey, Co. G. Prisoner at Libby Prison.
Charles Leroy, Co. G.
John S. Neal, Co. G. Born at Hebron, N. H., Nov., 1831. Died

in prison at Salisbury, N. C, July 16, 1865, aged 33 years.
Levi C. Newcomb, Co. G.
Charles H. Poole, Co. G.
Benjamin W. Prouty, Co. G.
Elijah Prouty, Co. G. Died in service Dec. 9, 1863. Served in

Lincoln Litrht Infant r v.

Military History. 355

Isaac Prouty, Co. G. Transferred to V. R. C.

William Prouty, Jr., Co. G. Served also in Lincoln Light Infty.

Joseph Simmons, Co. G. Born Scituate, April 11, 1829. Died

in service March 3, 1864, aged 35 years.
Edward A. F. Spear, Co. G. Born Norwich, Vt., March 13, 1828.

Died in Salisbury, N. C, prison Jan. 20, 1865, aged 37 years.
Thomas Sprague, 2d, Co. G. Born Oct. 25, 1826. Died in service

April 24, 1864, aged 37 years.
Scth M. Sprague, Co. G.

Alonzo G. Stockwell, Co. G. Wounded at Weldon Railroad.
Charles H. Tisdale, Co. G.

Frank J. Torrey, Co. G. Wounded at Laurel Hill.
Albert Wilder, Co. G. Born Hingham, Feb. 28, 1842. Mortally

wounded at Laurel Hill, May 8- 1864. Died June 1, 1864, aged

22 years.

Fortieth Regiment.

Jeiemiah J. Corcoran, Co. A. First served in Lincoln Light
Infantry. Mort. wounded June 3, and died June 10, aged
28 years.

Ensign Lincoln, Co. I.

At a town meeting held March 9, 1863, the sum of $9000 was
placed at the disposal of the Selectmen for the payment of State
aid to the families of volunteers ; it was also voted to raise 8800
as town aid to the families of volunteers.

Aug. 14 the town voted that $15000 be raised by the Town and
appropriated for the aid of the wives, children, parents, brothers,
and sisters of such as might.be drafted into the service.

During this year numerous war meetings were held by the
citizens for the purpose of encouraging enlistments, and strenuous
efforts were also made to procure recruits in order to avoid the
necessity of a draft being enforced in the town.

These proved unavailing, however, and on July 20 a number
of names were drawn at Taunton for the purpose of supplying
the only deficiency that ever occurred in any of Hingham's
quotas. So far as is known, only William K. Gould, Sewall
Pugsley, and Don Pedro Wilson ever joined the army under the
requisition, while fifteen others obtained exemption by the pay-
ment of the sum required by law for commutation.

Sewall Pugsley and Don Pedro Wilson never returned to the
homes which they loved, both laying down their lives in the
country's service.

The names of the men enlisting for three years in 1863 are —

Eleventh Regiment.
Wallace Thomas, Co. K.

356 History of Bingham.

Sixteenth Regiment.

Don Pedro Wilson, Co. A. Born at Dracat, Aug. 16, 1821.
August, 1863, drafted into the service. Probably taken pris-
oner Oct. 23, 1863, and never since heard from.

Twenty-second Regiment.

William K. Gould, Co. F. Also in 5th Battery and 32d Regt.
Sewall Pugsley, Co. F. Born Hiram, Me., March 20, 1831. One

of the three drafted men from Hingham ; died in service Nov.

12, 1863, aged 32 years.

Thirty-second Regiment.

William K. Gould, Co. L. One of the three drafted men from
Hingham.

Fifty-fourth Regiment.

David H. Champlin, Co. B.

Louis L. Simpson, Co. G.

Fifty-fifth Regiment.

Alphonso Marsh. Private 21st Mass. Infty. 2d Lieut. 55th
Infty. Aug. 21, 1863. 1st Lieut. July 9, 1864.

Tenth Light Battery.

Hosea 0. Barnes. Born Scituate, June 13, 1842 ; killed at Jones's
Farm, May 30, 1864, aged 22 years.

First Regiment Heavy Artillery.
Webster A. Cushing, Co. D, Corp.

Third Regiment Heavy Artillery.

Lyman B. Whiton, Major. See 32d Reg.

Edwin Thomas, Co. K, Captain. Born Hingham. Private 1st

Unattached Co. Heavy Artil. ; Jan. 1863, 2d Lieut. 3 Co. : Mav

25, 1863, 1st Lieut ; Sept. 8, 1864, Capt. Co. K., 3d Regt.

Heavy Artil. Quota Weymouth.
Francis K. Meade, Co. A. Qt. Sergt.
Franz Burhenne, Co. A, Corporal.
John B. Batchelder, Co. A, Artificer.
Jonathan B. Ackerman, Co. A.
Fielder Botting, Co. A.

George A. Chubbuck, Co. A. Transferred to Navy.
Daniel H. Miller, Co. A.
Levi H. Dow, Co. E. Served in Lincoln Light Infty. and in Co. E,

17 Regt. U. S. A. (Regulars).
Joseph H. Noyes, Co. A. Also in 1st Regt. Mounted Rifles U. &. A .

(Regulars). Refused commission in rebel army in 1861.

Military History. 357

George E. Richardson, Co. A. Transferred to Navy.
Joseph Rollins.
Charles E. Spurr, Co. A.
Warren R. Spurr, Co. A.
Henry Whitman, Co. A.

Second Regiment Cavalry.
Thomas T. Barnes,- Co. B.

Fourth Regiment Cavalry.

Alfred Gardner, Co. C.

George W. Farrar, Co. B.

Samuel Newcomb, 2d, Co. D. Transferred to Navy.

Edward Spellman, Co. A.

Philo C. Winslow, Co. A.

Veteran Reserve Corps.

The following are in addition to the men transferred to this
corps and noted in the general lists : —

Michael Carr, Lawrence Hicks,

Michael Casey, John Keefe,

John Dolan, James McGregor,

Patrick Donnelin, Edward McLaughlin,

Moses Fairfield. James Tettler,

Michael Flemming, Charles Timmons,

Thomas Foley, Henry B. Livingston. Died in

Peter Forrester, service May 21, 186-1.

Edward Galvin,

Unknown.
John Ryan.

Under the call of the President of Oct. 27, 1863, for 300,000
additional volunteers, the quota of Hingham was fifty. Forty-two
men were soon obtained, and the re-enlistment of twenty-two sol-
diers of the 32d Regiment enabled the town to have credited to it
a considerable surplus above all previous calls.

March 7, 1864, the annual meeting of the town was held, and
it was voted to appropriate $800 for town aid to the families of
volunteers, and to borrow $8,000 for the purpose of paying
State aid. It was also voted to raise $1,000 for the expenses of
recruiting.

At a town meeting, held April 11 it was voted to raise $8000
for the purpose of refunding to individuals the money contributed
by them towards rilling the town's quotas under the calls of the
President of Oct. 17, 1863, and Feb. 1, 1864. At this meeeting,
too, the selectmen were requested to obtain authority from the

358 History of Hingham.

Legislature to defray the expenses of obtaining and interring
the bodies of such officers and soldiers belonging to the town as
may die in the service during the rebellion.

The enlistments into the three-year organizations in 1864
were —

Seventeenth Regiment.

Owen Murphy, Co. C. One year enlistment.
David Pettingill, Co. C. One year enlistment.
Philip Sullivan, Co. C. One year enlistment.

Twentieth Regiment.
George Gramburg.

Twenty-sixth Regiment.

Charles Bolster, Co. E. Corporal.
Edwin Barr, Co. E.
John O'Brien, Co. B.
Nelson T. Wood, Co. E.

Twenty-ninth Regiment.

Caleb H. Beal, Sergt. Also served in Co. K, 35th Regt.
John Manix, Co. I, Corporal.

Edward C. Blossom. Also served in Co. A, 23d Regt.
Robert Grace.

Thirty-second Regiment.

Hiram Newcomb, 2d, Co. E. Born Hingham, Jan., 1842. Died
of disease contracted in army Oct. 15, 1867, aged 25 years.

Charles E. Wilder, Co. E. Born Hingham, Aug/, 1832/ Wounded
at Laurel Hill, May 12, 1864. Died of disease in the service,
Dec. 23, 1864.

Thirty-fifth Regiment.

Charles H. Beal, Co. K. First served in 84th N. Y. Vols. After-
ward, 2d Lieut. Co. E, 107th N. Y. Vols. Finally transferred
to Co. I, 29th Mass., where he was a sergeant.

Fifty-fifth Regiment.

Peter N. Sprague, Co. A. Born Hingham, Dec. 16, 1826. First
served in Lincoln Light Infantrv. 2d Lieut. Co. A, 55th Regt.
Aug. 20, 1864. 1st Lieut. May*15, 1865.

John T. Talbot, Co. B.

Fifty-sixth Regiment.

George Bailey, Co. I, Corporal. Killed at Petersburg, June 17,

1864, aged about 30 years.
George A. Clapp, Co. H.

Military History. 359

Fifty-seventh Regiment.

Edward 0. Graves, Co. C. Also served in Co. K, 20th Regt., and

Co. C, 59th Regt. A musician.
John Welch, Co. G. Also served in 59th Regt.

Fifty-eighth Regiment.

John C. Whiton, Colonel.

William M. Carter, Co. H, Sergt. Wounded ; one year enlistment .

John McDonald, Co. A.

James L. Litchfield, Co. D.

Fifty-ninth Regiment.

Alfred Tyler, Co. F, Corporal.

Edward 0. Graves, Co. C, Musician. Transferred to 57th Regt.

William C. Torrey, Co. G. Enlisted from Dedham.

John Welch, Co. G. Transferred to 57th Regt.

First Regiment Heavy Artillery.

William Carter, Co. G. One-year enlistment. Transferred from

14th Infantry.
Anton Tapp, Co. L. One-year enlistment. Transferred from 14th

Infantry.

Third Regiment PIeavy Artillery.

Edwin F. Tirrell, Co. B, 2d Lieut. Enlisted from Weymouth.

Isaiah W. Loring, Co. A, Corporal.

Joshua Crosby, Jr., Co. A.

Francis Mayhew, Co. A. One-year enlistment.

George Peacock, Co. A. One-year enlistment,

Aaron D. Swan, Co. M. One-year enlistment,

Second Regiment Cavalry.

Eben Hart, Co. L.
John McLaughlin.

Fourth Regiment Cavalry.

Edward T. Bouve, Co. G. Born Hingham, Aug. 14, 1841.
2d Lieut. 32d Inftv. June 30, 1862; 1st Lieut. Sept. 1, 1862;
Capt, 4th Cavalry Jan. 22, 1864 ; Major 26th N. Y. Cavalry,
Feb. 28, 1865 ; Major 4th Mass. Cavalry. Commander of Post
104, G. A. R., in 1877, 1878, and 1879.

Benjamin Thomas. 2d Lieut. Dec. 1863. 1st Lieut, and Quarter-
master 4th Cavalry Jan. 1, 1864. A. A. Q. M. Tenth Army
Corps.

Thomas Hickey, Co. M. Born Hingham Jan. 14, 1841. First
served from Waltham in Co. M. 1st Regt. Cavalry in 1861.

360 History of Hingham.

Color-Sergt. 4th Cavalry ; 2d Lieut. Aug. 9, 1805. Prisoner at

High Bridge Aug. 1865. Destroyed the colors to prevent their

falling into the hands of the enemy.
Frank H. Gilman, Co. B, Sergeant.
Arvander Merrow, Co. B, Sergeant.
James G. Raymond, Co. D, Corporal. From Weymouth. Died at

Hilton Head May 24, 1864, aged 18 years.
Thomas Cloney, Co. F, Musician.

William A. Daggett, Musician. Also in 1st Reg. Cavalry.
Orietes L. Bailey, Co. C.

Charles Campbell, Co. D. Transferred to Navy.
Cornelius Connell, Co. D. Prisoner at Florence, Ala.
Samuel N. Corthell, Co. D. Prisoner at Florence, Ala. Also

served in Co. K, 7th Infantry.
William L. Cummings, Co. D.
Charles Gardner. Enlisted from Brighton.
James Hickey, Co. C.
William H. Jones, Co. C. Died of wounds Sept. 19, 1864, at

Magnolia, Fla., aged 48 years. Served also in 18th Infantry.

Lost two sons in the service.
Joseph S. Miller, Co. F. Wounded at Deep Bottom. Va.
Thomas Rafferty, Jr., Co. F.
Dennis Scully, Co. D. Born County Cork, Ireland, Sept., 1834.

Died in service, April 26, 1864, aged 29 years.
Frank H. Tilton, Co. C. Died in service July 12, 1864. aged 18 yrs.

Fifth Regiment Cavalry.

Rufus Clark, Co. B.
Thomas Davis, Co. I.
George Jones, Co. G.
Matthew H. Lucas, Co. B.
Joseph Nathan, Co. B.

In 1864 the President called for 85,000 men to serve for 100
days. Those enlisting for this service from Hingham were —

Fifth Regiment.
Robert Cushing, Co. F.
Revere Lincoln, Co. F.

Forty-second Regtment.

Joseph M. Thomas, Co. A. Born Hanson, Aug. 24, 1841 :
2d Lieut. July 14, 1864. Also served in 11th Battery.

Fergus A. Easton, Co. E. Sergeant. First served in Lincoln
Light Infantry ; then as Orderly-Sergt. in 6th N. Y. Cavalrv. in
which he was' 2d Lieut. June 27, 1862, and 1st Lieut. March 22.
1863.

Military History. 361

George Dunbar, Co. D, Corporal. First served in Lincoln Light

Infantry. 2d Lieut. Co. I, 4th Mass. Vol. Militia.
John Henry Stoddar, Co. D.
Arthur Beale, Co. A, Commander of Post 104 G. A. R., 1893.

Sixtieth Regiment.
Andrew W. Gardner, Co. B.

The following members of the Thirty-second Infantry re-enlisted
as veteran volunteers for three years from Jan. 5, 1864.

Ephraim Anderson, Charles S. Meade,

Otis L. Battles, James McCarty,

William Breen, Frank H. Miller,

John C. Chadbourn, Peter Ourish,

Jacob G. dishing, Harvey M. Pratt,

William L. Dawes, William F. Riley,

John W. Eldredge, Charles H. F. Stodder,

Thomas L. French, Edgar P. Stodder,

Edwin Hcrsey, Washington I. Stodder,

Wallace Humphrey, Nathaniel Wilder, 2d,

Gardner Jones, George A. Wolfe.

Under the head of '• Unassigned Recruits " the following names
occur in " Hingham in the Civil War": William Burtes, trans-
ferred to Navy, and Charles Richardson.

There were enlisted for one year the following-named men : —

Sixty- first Regiment.

John E. Wilson, Co. E, Corporal.
William H. Allen, Co. F.
Thomas S. Brio-ham, Co. G.
Wakefield Carver, Co. F.
John R. Donaven, Co. F.
Michael Franev, Co. K.
William Hilton, Co. F.
Patrick J. Kelley, Co. C.
James McNamara, Co. F.
John A. Watson, Co. F.

Fourth Regiment Heavy Artillery.

James M. Cleverly, Co. G.
John A. Farrington, Co. C.
George J. Fearing, Co. G.
William M. Gilman, Co. G.
Henry Hart, Co. C.
Charles Helms, Co. G.
Michael Landers, Co. G.
Michael Roach. Co. G.

362 History of Hingham.

Charles Shute, Co. D. Probably enlisted from Worcester.

Melzar Vinal, Co. C.

Henry B. Vogell, Co. G.

Joseph N. Wall, Co. G. Also served in 23d Regt.

On the first of December the town had to its credit twenty-six
men above all calls, having furnished two hundred and fifteen
soldiers to the army during the year.

On the 29th December a meeting of citizens liable to military
duty was held at the town hall for the purpose of forming a
company in accordance with the provisions of an act of the Legis-
lature approved May 14. Henry Jones, who had served in the
18th Infantry Mass. Vols., was elected captain. The law was
shortly after repealed, and this, the last of Hingham's militia
companies, never met for parade or drill.

March 6,1865. At the annual town-meeting it was voted to
hire $9000 for the payment of State aid, and to appropriate $800
for town aid to families of soldiers.

There were enlisted for one year the following men in 1865 : —

Sixty-first Regiment.

James W. Gray, Co. K, Corporal.
James Daley, Co. I.
George C. Dunham, Co. I.
John H. Hayes, Co. K.
Joseph H. Hilton, Co. I.
George W. R. Putnam, Co. H.
George L. Rich, Co. H.

Sixty-second Regiment.
Andrew W. Gardner, Co. C.

Regular Army.

There enlisted in the regular army at various periods during
the war, the following : —

Richard J. Farrell, Co. G, 2d Regt. U. S. Artillery. Born in

Dungarvan, Ireland, Jan. 10, 1841. Enlisted June 10, 1861.

Wounded on the Peninsula, and died March 24, 1864, aged 23

years.
Dennis Mullian, 19th Infantry. Enlisted May 10, 1864.
Joseph H. Noves, 1st Mounted Rifles.
William Perkins, 19th Infantrv, May 10, 1864.
Michael F. Thompson, Co. D^ 5th Regt. U. S. Artil., Sergeant.

Born Ireland, March 9, 1840. Died of disease contracted in

service Jan. 6, 1867, aged 27 vears.
Joseph W. Welsh. Enlisted Sept, 24, 1864.
James H. Williams, 19th Infantry, May 10, 1864.

Military History. 363

Under the title " Enlistments in other States of Natives or

Residents of Hingham," we find in " Hingham in the Civil

War" —

Hawkes Fearing, Jr. Colonel Fearing was born in Hingham
May 20, 1826, and became Captain of the Lincoln Light Infantry
upon its organization in 1855. In 1860 he was Lieutenant-
Colonel of the Fourth Regiment, M. V. M., in which capacity he
first went into active service. September 24, 1861, he was com-
missioned as Colonel of the Eighth New Hampshire Volunteers.
April, 1863, Colonel Fearing was wounded at Bisland, in
Louisiana. During the years 1871 and 1872 Colonel Fearing
represented the district comprising Hingham and Hull in the
General Court. He was one of the original members of Post
104 of the Grand Army, and Commander in 1869 and 1870.
Colonel Fearing has been for some years Librarian of the
Hingham Public Library.

James Ballentine. Born in Roscommon County, Ireland, April,
1842. Enlisted May, 1860, in the Third Infantry, U.S.A., and
was soon taken prisoner by the rebels. He subsequently enlisted
in the Fifteenth Independent Volunteers, New York, and was
killed at Weldon Railroad.

William Barnes, Lieutenant in a New York Regiment. Prisoner
at Andersonville.

George Bicknell, 2d New York Infantry. Wounded at Bull Run.

Martin dishing, in a Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment.

Henry H. Cushing, Captain in 88th Illinois Vols. Buried in
Hingham Cemetery.

David P. Eldredge, Orderly Sergt., Co. G, 7th Kansas Cavalry.

John J. L. French, Co. E, 1st Regt., N. H. Heavy Artillery.

Caleb B. Gill, Sergt,, Co. I, 57th Indiana Foot Volunteers ; 2d
Lieut. April 3, 1863. Died April 24, 1867, from disease con-
tracted in the service.

John Gorman, Sergt., 25th N. Y. Cavalry. Wounded at Malvern
Hill July 1, 1862 ; prisoner at Libbv Prison.

Hosea Harden, Co. G, 40th N. Y. V. I.

Elijah Hobart. Born Hingham Oct. 4, 1821 ; killed near Point
of Rocks, Va., July 4, 1864. A grandson of Caleb Hobart of
the Revolutionarv Armv. Captain of Co. B, 93d Regt. N. Y.
Vols.

Allen G. Jennings, Co. H, 121st Regt. N. Y. Vols. Afterwards
pastor of Second Unitarian Church in Hingham.

Charles B. Leavitt. Oct. 20, 1863, 1st Lieut. Co. M, 6th U. S.
Colored Heavy Artillery. March 13, 1864, Lieut.-Col. 70th
U. S. Colored Infantry. Twice wounded.

Beza H. Lincoln, Quartermaster-sergeant, Co. E, 1st N. H. Heavy
Artillery.

John Lincoln, Jr., Co. G, 13th Conn. Vol. Infantry; Sergeant.

Leavitt Lincoln, Sergt., Co. I, 61st Illinois Vols. Born Hing-
ham March 2, 1823. Died in service Dec. 7, 1864.

364 History of Hingham.

Allyne C. Litchfield, Capt. 5th Michigan Cav. Lieut. -Col. 7th

Michigan Cav. Prisoner at Libbv Prison. Brevet Brigadier-

General. In 1871 Consul-Genera 1 at Calcutta.
James Lowry, 3d District of Columbia Regt.
Daniel Murphy. Born Boston Nov. 22, 1840. Died in Hospital at

Washington prior to Nov. 24, 1862. Soldier in 15th N. Y. Vols.
William L. Neal, 6th N. H. Infantry.
Charles Remington, Lincoln Body Guard.
John F. Rogers, Co. A, 74th Regt. Illinois Vols.
Henry E. Spaulding, 13th N. H. Infantry. Now a physician in

Hingham.
Isaiah F. Tower, Captain Co. G, 93d Regt. Ohio Vol. Infantry.

Wounded at Nashville Dec. 16, 1864.
Benjamin S. Whiting, Lieut. 17th U. S. Infantry.
Webster A. Whiting^ Capt. 88th Illinois Vols.
Conrad P. Yager. Born Mergantheim, Wurtemberg. Enlisted in

Co. F, 2d Regt., Lincoln Guard. Died in service Oct. 15, 1863,

aged 20 years.

The Navy.

The natives or residents of Hingham serving in the Navy, so far
as known, numbered thirty-seven, as follows : —

Charles H. Loring, 3d Asst, Engineer, Feb. 26, 1851 ; 2d Asst.
Engineer May 21, 1853 ; 1st Asst. Engineer May 9, 1857 ; Chief
Engineer March 25, 1861. Served on the " Minnesota " and
" Susquehanna."

Thomas Andrews. Born Hingham June 9, 1816, and died in
service Feb. 27, 1865, aged 48 years. Acting-Master U. S.
Navy. Captain Andrews was a direct descendant of Capt.
Thomas Andrews who died in Sir William Phips's expedition
against Canada. Served on " Vermont," " Courier," " Crusa-
der," and " Pensacola."

Lemuel Pope, Acting Master's Mate, Sept. 10, 1862 ; Acting
Ensign, Feb. 11, 1864; Acting Master, July 18, 1865.

Andrew Tower, June 2, 1863, Acting-Assistant Paymaster, U.SN.
Served on " Norfolk Packet," " C. P. Williams," " Para," and
" Passaic."

Franklin Nickerson, Acting-Assistant Surgeon, U. S. N. Served
on " Shokokon " and " Brittania."

Edward W. Halcro. Born Hamburg Jan. 24, 1836. Acting
Ensign Dec. 15, 1863. Died in Norfolk Hospital April 5, 1867.
Buried in Hingham. Served on " Genesee," " Ovetta," " Sarah
Bruen," " Idaho," and " New Hampshire."

Charles M. Fuller, Acting Master's Mate. Served on " Mace-
donian," " Essex," and " Ozark."

Charles A. Stewart, March 16, 1865, Acting Ensign. Prisoner at
Charleston, S. C. Served on " Wachusett," " Southfield,"
" Underwriter," " Muscoota," and " Saco."

Military History. 365

John M. Trussell, Acting 3d Assistant Engineer. Served on

"Connecticut," " Iuka," and " Clyde."
Augustus Barnes, Captain's Clerk. Served on " Marion " and

" Pocahontas."
Frederick C. Blair, Master-at-Arms. Served on " W. G. Ander-
son," the prize " Arizona," " Potomac." " Metacomet," and

" Seluia."
Alfred B. Whiting, Master-at-Arms. Served on " Colorado."
Charles Campbell, Gunner's-mate. Served on " Vermont " and

" Para ; " was also in U. S. Army.
Henry W. Hersey, Paymaster's Steward. Prisoner. Served on

"Sachem," "Diana," "Onondaga," and "Otsego."
Elkanah Binney, Signal Quartermaster ; wounded in Mobile Bay.

Served on " Oneida."
Samuel Newcomb, 2d Signal Quartermaster. Served on " Bra-

ziliera," and " South Carolina."
Alden Lincoln, First-class Fireman. Served on " Genesee."
George A. Grover, First-class Fireman. Served on " Acacia" and

prize " Julia."
Daniel S. Lincoln, First-class Fireman. Served in Lincoln Light

Infantry and on " Monadnock," " Connecticut," and " Iuka."
William Eldrcdge, Seaman on " Vincennes."
John W. Gardner. Born Hingham, Aug. 17, 1820. Died in

service June 24, 1863, aged 42 years. Served in Co. I, First

Mass. Infantry, and in Co. I, 12th Maine Infantrv, and on

" Hartford."
George E. Richardson. Served in 3d Mass. Heavy Artillery and

on " Massasoit."
George A. Chubbuck. Served in 3d Unattached Co. Heavy Artil-
lery, and on " Glaucus " and " Mather Vassar."
William G. dishing. Served on " Gemsbok."
Benjamin Hatchfield. Served on " Louisville."
Daniel Stodder. Served on " Conewaugh."
Thomas R. Murphy. Served on " Ethan Allen."
Isaac M. Dow. Served on " Massasoit."
Daniel Daley.

Robert F. Fardv. Served on " Queen " and "Passaic."
Edward Gottchell. Served on " Queen " and " Passaic."
Benjamin L. Jones. Served on " Hetzel " and "Louisiana."
George H. Merritt. Born Scituate Sept. 11, 1842. Died at

Little Washington, N. C, Feb. 7, 1863, aged 20 years. Served

on " Hetzel " and " Louisiana."
Daniel J. Thompson. Served on " Ohio."
Henry Trowbridge. Served on " Hetzel " and " Louisiana."
William Burtes.
Edwin Barnes.

Under the heading of " Additional Enlistments in Hingham
in the Civil War," the following names appear. Of most of them

366 History of Hingham.

little else is known than the fact of their being recruited, and
that they were either natives of Hingham or served upon its quota.

Edwin Allen, three years, Thomas Griffin, three years,

Louis Anderson, Edward Hackett, three years,

Calvin R. Baker, Mark Hall,

John Baker, three years, Otis C. Hardy, three years,
Joseph Barstow, served with Kit James Hayes,

Carson, William Hillarston,

George W. Boen, three years, Edward Bourne Hinckley, Clergy -
George H. Bonney, three years, man,

Edwin Booth, Henry A. Hitchcock, three years.

John Brown, three years, Jeremiah Hurley,

Melzar W. Clark, Edward Kelley,

John Collins, three years, Joseph B. Kelsey,

Thomas Collins, three years, Kittredge,

William Colman, William H. Lane, three years,

Barney Conaley, Jacob Lowe, 5th (U. S.) Artil.

Charles Cook, three years, John C. Maguire, Co. G, 5Gth
Henry Daggett, three years, Mass.

Horatio M.Dallas, one year, Cap- Patrick Mahoney,

tain in frontier service, Michael McGrane, 9 months,

Thomas D. Dalton, three years, Charles H. Muschatt, three years,

Albert Damon, George H. Osborn,

James Dempsey, three years, Edwin Poiney, three years,

Henry B. Downes, three years, Edward L. Preston, Co. A, 5th
Josiah Edson, Cavalry,

West D. Eldredge, three years, William Randall,

Lenclal Hanscom Ewell, Co. H, Edward Roach, three years,

4th Rcgt. David P. Robinson,

Thomas M. Farrell, Albert Sawyer,

John G. Gorman, Franklin Simmons,

Timothy Gordon, Capt. Co. G, William T. Sprague, three years,

4th Regt. William Thompson.
James Gorman, 21st Regt.

The roll of honor which Hingham cherishes with love and pride
for its record of bravery and devotion contains the names of four
hundred and seventy-three soldiers and sailors who served upon
her quota, besides nineteen who marched with the Lincoln Light
Infantry in the first days of the war and did not subsequently
appear on the lists ; making four hundred and ninety -two different
men furnished by the town for the defence of the country. To
this number should be added twenty-eight Hingham men who
joined regiments in other States, bringing the whole number up
to five hundred and twenty. The number re-enlisting cannot
perhaps be accurately ascertained, but the aggregate of enlist-
ments from Hingham during the war, and not including the mem-
bers of the Lincoln Light Infantry, is stated in " Hingham in the

Military History.

367

Civil War " to have been seven hundred and five. There were
mortally wounded or killed in battle thirty-one men and seven
officers ; died in the. service, twenty-seven men and three officers,
besides one man murdered and six others who died while pris-
oners ; nine men and one officer died from disease contracted in
the service during or soon after the war. Thus there was a loss
of eighty-two of our townsmen, most of whom were citizens at
the time, as a direct result of the conflict. Many more have
passed away since, in consequence of the months and years of
privation and exposure. In addition to the casualties above,
there were thirty men and seven officers wounded, and seven men
and three officers taken prisoners.

The names and rank of the officers from Hingham, as far as
known, are : —

IN THE ARMY.

BVT. BRIGADIER-GENERALS.

Luthpr Stephenson, Jr. : wounded.
Allyne C. Litchfield ; prisoner.
Joseph H. Barnes.

colonels.

John C. Whiton, 5Sth Infty.; wounded.
Hawkes Fearing, Sth X. H. Infty.

LIEUTENANT-COLONEL.

Charles B. Leavitt, 70th U. S. Infty.;
twice wounded.

BVT. LIEUTENANT-COLONEL.

Thomas Weston, 18th Infty. ; wounded.

MAJORS.

Benjamin C. Lincoln, 2d U. S. Infty. ;

killed in battle.
Edward T. Bouve, 4th Cavalry.
Lyman B. Whiton, 3d Heavy Artill'y.

BVT. MAJOR.

Benjamin F. Meservey, 18th Infantry;
wounded.

CAPTAINS.

Edwin Humphrey, 11th Infty. ; killed.
Alexander Hitchborn, 12th Infantry ;

killed.
Elijah Hobart. 93d X. Y. ; killed.
John E. Morse. Invalid Corps.
James H. Wade, 28th Infantry.
Edwin Thomas, 3d Heavy Artillery.

Henrv H. Cushing, 88th Illinois
Webster A. Whiting, S8th Illinois.
Isaiah F. Tower. 93d Ohio; wounded.
Timothy Gordon. 4th Infantry.
Horatio M. Dallas, Frontier Service.
George R. Reed, 32d Infantry.

FIRST LIEUTENANTS.

Peter N. Sprague, 55th Infantry.
Benjamin Thomas, 4th Cavalry.
Oliver Burrill, 35th Infantry.
Alphonso Marsh, 55th Infantry.
George M. Hudson, 22d Infantry;

wounded.
Nathaniel French, Jr., 32d Infantry;

died in service.
Charles Sprague, 4th Infantry.
Elijah B. Gill, Jr., 1st Infty. ; killed.
George W. Bibby, 32d Infty. ; killed.
Fergus A. Easton, 6th X. Y. Cavalry.
Waldo F. Corbett, 1st U.S. Heavy Art.
Francis Thomas, 12th Infty. ; killed.

SECOND LIEUTENANTS.

Amos P. Holden, 32d Infantry.
John G. Dawes, 2d Louisiana.
Joseph M. Thomas, 42d Infantry
Louis T. V. Cazaire, 89th U. S. Infty.
Thaddeus Churchill, 3d U. S. Infty.
John H. Prouty, 39th Infantry.
Caleb H. Beal, 107th X. Y. Infty.
Thomas Hickey, 4th Cavalry.
Caleb B. Gill, 57th Indiana Infty.
Edwin F. Tirrell, 3d Heavy Artillery.
Benjamin S. Whiting, 17th'U. S. Infty.
William Barnes, — N. Y. ; prisoner.

368 History of Hingham.

IN THE NAVY.
CHIEF ENGINEER. ACTING ASSISTANT SURGEON.

Charles H. Lormg. Franklin Nickerson.

"6 '

ACTING MASTER.

ACTING ENSIGNS.

Edward W. Halcro: died in service
Thomas Andrews; died in service. Char]es M Fl(ller

Lemuel Pope. Charles A. Stewart.

ACTING ASSISTANT PAYMASTER. ACTING THIRD ASSISTANT ENGINEER.

Andrew Tower. . John M. Trussed.

Fifty -six Hingham men, who received commissions in the ser-
vice of their country during those eventful years in which was
fought the Civil War; fifty-six men who, like their comrades
in the ranks, served her faithfully and bravely, and in many
instances even unto death.

No account of the soldiers of Massachusetts, however brief, and
especially of those belonging to Hingham, would be complete
without at least a reference to the loved fellow-townsman who
within the Commonwealth was commander-in-chief during the long
period of anxiety and sacrifice from 1861 to 1865. This is no place
in which to eulogize John A. Andrew, and for the people of the
town no eulogy is needed. Yet in this their book they would feel
it amiss, if to his noble wreath no laurel leaf were to be added
by them as a memorial to the kind words and warm-hearted deeds
with which the great chief sped his comrades from Hingham on
their way, cheered and sustained and cared for them in the field,
and received and welcomed them again to the common home ; a
leaf glistening and gleaming with the sunshine which his great
heart carried to the waiting hearths, beside which sat the wearied
and watching, — gold-lighted with its record of the hope his ten-
derness brought to the sorrowing, while he gently helped lay in
their mother earth the town's brave who had fallen asleep in her
service. Proudly and lovingly we claim this man as one of the
soldiers of Hingham.

*o*

Near the close of the record of Revolutionary services the num-
ber of the men bearing certain of the most numerous surnames
which occurred among those representing Hingham, and belong-
ing undoubtedly to the twenty -four largest families, was given.
A similar statement, but with the same selection of names, and
taken in the same order, may not be without interest to the dwell-
ers in this old town, which, while maintaining with little change
so many of the customs of the olden time, has preserved also no
inconsiderable number of the names of the early settlers in the
families of to-day. Serving in the Union army there were six-
teen Lincolns, eleven Cushings, live Beals, three Whitons, nine

'■«fe'

^

TATUE OF UOVERXOK ANMM'.W

Military History. 369

Stodders, eleven Herseys, thirteen Gardners, one Hobart, five
Towers, four Lorings, one Bates, three Burrs, eight Spragues, six
Wilders, three Dunbar's, one Leavitt, four Fearings, four Lanes,
seven Barneses, four Marshes, while from our military lists the
Lewises, Stowells, Joys, and Thaxters have entirely disappeared.

This chapter, with aU its length, yet all too short for a satisfac-
tory memorial to the children of the town who have cared naught
for suffering and death when duty beckoned along the dangerous
path, is fast drawing to its close. A few words only remain, and
those mainly for the living. To promote Loyalty, Fidelity, Char-
ity, there was organized, August 5, 1869, Edwin Humphrey Post,
No. 104, of the Grand Army of the Republic. Col. Hawkes Fear-
ing was its first commander, Major Benjamin F. Meservey, senior
vice-commander, Capt. Peter N. Sprague, junior vice-commander,
Lieut. George R. Reed, quartermaster, Samuel J. Henderson,
officer of the day, William H. Jacobs, officer of the guard, and
Henry Jones was appointed adjutant. These, together with George
Thomas, William H. Thomas, Isaac B. Damon, Edward T. Blossom,
William Jones, Hubert J. Tulley, John A. Reed, and William S.
Whiton were charter members. Colonel Fearing was again
chosen commander in 1870, and the same office has been held
since that date by Capt. Peter N. Sprague in 1871-1874, Lemuel
Pope in 1875, Captain Sprague again in 1876, Major Edward T.
Bouve in 1877-1879, — during which the Post became uniformed,
and raised a considerable charity fund, — Lieut. George R. Reed
in 1880, Isaac F. Goodwin in 1881 and for part of 1882, resigning
April 8 of the latter vear, William H. Thomas for the remainder
of 1882 and in 1883, Charles H. Wakefield for 1884-1886, John
H. Stoddar in 1887 and 1888, J. Henry Howe in 1889, Col.
Thomas Weston in 1890 and 1891, Major Lyman B. Whiton in
1892, and Arthur Beale in 1893. Since its organization one
hundred and forty names have been upon the rolls of its com-
rades. The present number is seventy-seven. Eleven comrades
have joined the greater army which responds only to Heaven's
trumpets ; they are Samuel J. Henderson, Thomas Murphy, Edward
W. Marston, Samuel Bronsdon, William Hersey, John W. Gault,
Charles Sprague, Stephen A. Hall, Octavius R. Barry, George T.
Kilburn, William Taylor.

In 1888 the Post," with the aid of funds raised by fairs and
contributions of citizens, built a hall well adapted for its purposes
at Centre Hingham, and within a short distance of the old fort
commanded by Capt. John Smith in the days of King Philip.
Here the members meet for business, mutual assistance, encour-
agement, and pleasure ; and here on each Memorial Day are held
appropriate exercises in which the Woman's Relief Corps, the
Sons of Veterans, visiting comrades, and the citizens of the town
kindle anew the fires of patriotism, and lay upon the altar of the
heroic dead the flowers of memory.

vol i — 24

370 History of Hingham.

To assist and encourage the Post of the Grand Army in its
noble work, to aid its charities, and to inculcate and diffuse the
spirit of patriotism among the children, a branch of the Woman's
Relief Corps was organized here December 17, 1885. Its first
president was Mrs. Mary Whiton, who held that office two years ;
she was succeeded by Mrs. Martha C. Wakefield during the next
three years, and by Mrs. Martha S. Litchfield, who was presi-
dent in 1891. The next president was Mrs. Hattie M. Lowe,
who was chosen in 1892, and again this year. There is a small
relief fund for the benefit of the needy among soldiers' families.
The present membership is seventy -six, and monthly meetings are
held at Grand Army Hall, which is also the headquarters of the
Corps.

A cam]) of the Sons of Veterans, called the Charles S. Meade
Camp, also meets at the hall of the Post. It was organized
March 10, 1887, and its successive commanders have been Arthur
L. Whiton, C. Sumner Henderson, Gustavus 0. Henderson,
Hosea H. Batchelder, J. Arthur Batchelder, and Fred S. Wilder.
The Camp numbers about forty -eight at this time, and the mem-
bers materially assist in the ceremonies of Memorial Day.

In the declining hours of the day, near the close of the beauti-
ful spring month of May of each recurring year, when the fra-
grance of a thousand flowers scents the air with its sweetness,
and the bright green of the young grass and new leaves clothes
New England in freshness, a little band of blue-coated men fast
growing into years, and with ever feebler steps marching under
the folds of the flag which to them has been a shield by day and
a star by night, to the music which was once an inspiration in
battle, which sung paeans in victory, lulled to slumber in weariness
and death, whispered ever of home, and to this day is never heard
without sending a thrill to the heart, enters the old cemetery, —
the village burial-place of the fathers, — and passing beneath the
pines which shade moss-grown stones and tombs, through wind-
ing paths leading by sunken graves, by the first settlers' monu-
ment, down into a quiet valley and up again to the height beyond,
ranges itself in line before the resting place and white statue of
their friend and comrade, the great War Governor. Here, aided by
comrades from a Post bearing his name in the city where his
official life was mostly spent, with a few earnest words breathing
his spirit, and with simple and brief exercises, the Grand Army
lays upon the grave of Andrew its annual memorial.

A few steps farther, and around the granite pillar inscribed
with the names of the sons who so gallantly served her, the
people of Hingham await the ceremonies which keep bright the
memories of those who fell to sleep in the love of their country.
Here are the rulers of the town, the selectmen, chosen each
March to guide its affairs through the ensuing year, the constable
with scarcely perceptible insignia of office and inspiring little

Military History.

371

awe, the ministers of the several churches and of the Old Meeting-
House ; here are others with even better right, — an old gray-
headed man who leans upon the arm of no stalwart son ; a
black-robed woman who, standing by a low flower-covered mound,
will never again hear her bright boy's "Mother;" a younger
woman, too, but also past the meridian of life, leaning against a
stone bearing a soldier's name, and beside which flutters a little

SOLDIERS' AND SAILORS' MONUMENT.
Erected by the Town; Dedicated June 17, 1870.

flag, — a woman whose wearied face with its far-away look is full
for a moment of the bright but never-to-be-fulfilled promise of the
thirty years ago ; yes, and others still whose short happiness was
almost effaced by the sorrow which time has hardly yet softened

372 History of Hingham.

into a sweet memory, and whose sadness is only tempered by an
unspoken hope. They are all here, — these and the young
maiden, the coming men, and the happy children of to-day. And
they all gather closer as the Grand Army forms in front around
the large semi-circle of baskets overflowing with the blossoms
brought to mingle their brightness with the green of earth. In
front is the monument, and to the east, upon the side of the highest
ground in the cemetery, was the fort erected to defend the harbor
against the Spaniards ; on an adjoining elevation northwesterly
still stand the defences of 1676, when Philip menaced the town ;
between the monument and the valley, and beyond it by and near
the old general's resting-place, lie the slumbering brave of the
Revolution ; everywhere, among the fathers, beside the old sol-
diers, and in the new ground alike, the flags which mark the sleep-
ing heroes of the Civil War wave gently in the soft spring breeze.
From the band stationed near floats a hymn, — an old one, dear and
familiar ; the chaplain hushes the assembly in prayer ; a short,
earnest plea for country, a tender tribute to the fallen, a word of
pride in their sacrifice, of sympathy for the sorrowing, and the
orator — local and uncelebrated perhaps, but reverent and full of
the occasion — is through. A word or two from the commander
of the Post, a signal, quietly given, and the violets and the lilies
are blooming and nodding in new places, and saying, in language
equalled by no other, that here sleeps a soldier whom his loved
ones, his comrades, and the great Republic have not forgotten.
Again the music sounds; the street, full of the homes and the
history of other days, re-echoes with the martial strains; the sun-
light fading away from the lowly mounds gilds still the Old
fleeting-house steeple, touches with its rays the top of the monu-
ment, and reflected from the masses of clouds in the western
horizon paints the harbor with the color of the rose. From the
distance the last notes of " retreat " borne from Grand Army
Hall come floating on the evening breeze, "old glory" flutters to
the ground from many a staff, and Memorial Day, fitly and faith-
fully observed in this old town of the mingled Puritans and
Pilgrims, has come to its close.

With the exception of the company formed under the law of
1864, which elected Henry Jones captain, but in consequence of
the repeal of the Act soon after, never met for drill or parade,
there has been no strictly local military organization in Hingham
since the disbanding of the Lincoln Light Infantry, September
29, 1862.

Upon rising ground stretching along Broad Cove, overlooking
the early anchorage of many of the fleet which long years ago
whitened Hingham's bay, — some undoubtedly built in the ship-
yard then situated just below the bluff, but since disappeared and
forgotten, — and directly opposite the southern slope of Otis Hill,

Military History. 373

lies the beautifully located military post of the First Corps of
Cadets, and the scene of its camp in each recurring July. In
the rear and looking toward the setting sun as it crimsons the
placid waters which finally shrink into a little winding brook,
the view extends across the green meadows and far up the
valley in the direction of Weymouth Back River. On the
opposite side and about a half-mile distant the church spires
and roofs of the houses — themselves half hidden by the inter-
vening hill — indicate the nearest village, while to the east the
harbor of blue in its setting of green, with its steamers plying
back and forth, is seen through a break in the land bordering
Otis Street.

Beyond its natural attractiveness there is no little historical
interest attaching to the place as the training-field of the militia
in the olden days, and still more, as being the probable location
of the barracks, — certainly situated in the immediate vicinity, if
not on the ground, — erected for the accommodation of Captain
James Lincoln and his company when Hingham was a garrisoned
town in the early part of the Revolution. In plain view, too, is
the road, once called Broad Cove Lane, but now Lincoln Street,
down which marched Captain Lincoln's command, and the other
companies of the town, as well as those of Scituate and Weymouth,
when hastening to drive the English from Grape Island May 21,
1775.

Here, in the succeeding years, come large numbers of people
interested in the regular order and beautiful ceremonies of a
military camp, and the snow-white streets are thronged each
evening with listeners to the concert of the fine band.

While having no official connection with Hingham, the posses-
sion by the corps of these increasingly attractive grounds with
the bright green and well-kept parade and fine rows of growing
maples, together with the annual tour of duty performed here by
it, the fact that no inconsiderable number of the town's young
men have been from time to time enrolled in its ranks, as well as
that among her citizens are three of the present officers, have
gradually created a feeling of local ownership in the corps, which
is now claimed and regarded, as in a sense at least belonging
to the town, and as one of her institutions.

The First Corps of Cadets was organized in 1741, and is the
modern outgrowth of the famous " Governor's Company of Cadets,"
which composed a part of the militia, both before and since the
Revolution. While commanded by Hancock, — whose mother, it
will be recalled, was a Hingham lady, — the then company was
disbanded by Governor Gage for its adherence to the patriotic
cause, but was reorganized and served under General Sullivan in
Rhode Island. At the opening of the rebellion the corps was
sent to garrison Fort Warren, and later it furnished many officers
to the army, and particularly for the Forty-fifth Massachusetts
Infantry, generally known as the Cadet Regiment.

374 History of Hingham.

It is one of the two organizations forming a separate branch of
the militia of the Commonwealth, and at the present time com-
prises four companies armed as infantry, and having headquarters
at the armory on Columbus Avenue, Boston. It is commanded
by Lieut. -Col. Thomas F. Edmands, a distinguished officer in the
Civil War, while Major George R. Rogers, Captains William H.
Alline and Andrew Robeson, and Lieut. Edward E. Currier, are
all veterans who were in active service in the Union's cause.

Several of our present or former citizens have held commis-
sions m the military service of the Commonwealth since 1865.
The following is believed to be a correct list : —

'»

Solomon Lincoln, Jr., Colonel and Aide-de-camp to his Honor

Lieut.-Governor Talbot, acting Governor, May 26, 1874 ; Colonel

and Aide-de-camp to his Excellency Governor Talbot, January

14, 1879.
Arthur Lincoln, Captain and Judge Advocate, 2d Brigade, July

30, 1877
John D. Long, Governor and Commander-in-chief, 1880-1882.
Edward T. Bouve', Colonel and Aide-de-camp to his Excellency

Governor Long ; Cantain and Engineer on staff of Brig.-Gen.

Nat. Wales, 1st Brigade, M. V. M., Feb. 9, 1883 ; Captain and

Provost Marshal, 1st Brigade, May 24, 1887 ; Captain and

Aide-de-camp, 1st Brigade, April 10, 1888.
Elijah George, Captain and Judge Advocate, 2d Brigade, M.V.M.,

August 12, 1882.
Charles E. Stevens, 1st Lieutenant and Quartermaster, Feb. 26,

1868, Captain and Paymaster, Jan. 9, 1874, First Corps Cadets.
Charles C. Melcher, 1st Lieutenant and Quartermaster, First

Corps Cadets, Feb. 9, 1875.
Walter L. Bouve, 1st Lieutenant, First Corps Cadets, Feb. 20, 1889.

United States Regular Service.

Not previously mentioned in these pages : —

Charles H. B. Caldwell, son of Charles H. Caldwell and Susan

Blake, born in Hingham, and died in Boston, Nov. 30, 1877,

Commodore in U. S. Navy, June 14, 1874.
Charles L. Corthell, graduated at West Point June 14, 1884, 2d

Lieutenant, 4th Artillery, June 15, 1884 ; 1st Lieutenant, Apr.

24, 1889.

HISTORY

OF THE

TOWN OF HINGHAM,

MASSACHUSETTS.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

Volume I. — Part II.
HISTORICAL.

HISTORY

OP THE

TOWN OF HINGHAM,

MASSACHUSETTS.

IN THREE VOLUMES.

Volume I. — Part II.
HISTORICAL.

PUBLISHED BY THE TOWN.

1893.

Elmbcrsitg \?vtss :
John Wilson and Son, Cambridge.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Volume I. — Part II.

Ecclesiastical History . . . .

Education

Manufactures and Commerce

Agriculture

Publications

Public Conveyances

Fire Department

Water Works

Public Institutions

Lodges and Societies

Native and Resident Physicians
Native and Resident Lawyers .

Native Ministers

Burial Grounds

Miscellaneous Matters ....

ju riiiicta -ii. MJinvuiii .

a a

83

George Lincoln .

155

Edmund Hersey

1S1

Fearing Burr .

193

Francis H. Lincoln .

211

a a

257

Charles W. S. Seymour

261

Francis H. Lincoln .

271

a a

. 289

George Lincoln . . .

307

Francis H. Lincoln .

327

a a

. 341

George Lincoln . . . .

355

Francis H. Lincoln .

379

INDEX 387

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Volume I. — Part II.

PAGE

Old Meeting-House 1

Portrait of Dr. Gay 24

From a photograph by Francis II. Lincoln, from the painting.

Old Meeting-House Pulpit 35

Cohasset Meeting-House 37

South Hingham Meeting-House 40

New North Meeting-House 49

Baptist Meeting-House 57

From a photograph by Francis H. Lincoln.

Methodist Episcopal Meeting-House 62

Universalist Meeting-House 65

Evangelical Congregational Meeting-House 67

Free Christian Mission Chapel 69

From a photograph- by Francis H. Lincoln.

Episcopal Church 71

From a photograph by Francis H. Lincoln.

Bishop's Chair in the Episcopal Church 73

Engraved by Wallace Corthell from a photograph by Francis H. Lincoln.

Catholic Church 79

From a photograph by George E. Siders.

Hingham High School 99

Derby Academy 116

Portrait of Madam Derby 126

From a photograph by Francis H. Lincoln, from the painting.

Seal of Derby Academy 135

Portrait of Dr. Ezekiel Hersey 138

From a photograph by Francis H. Lincoln, from the painting.

Hingham Public Library 145

Engraved by Wallace Corthell.

Portrait of Albert Fearing . 148

viii Illustrations.

PAOE

Hingham Public Library 154

From a photograph by Francis H. Lincoln.

Hingham Harbor 170

From a photograph by Henry F. Gdild.

Steamer Eagle , . 244

Steamer Lafayette . 244

Steamer General Lincoln 245

Steamer Mayflower 246

Steamer Nantasket 247

Plan of Steamboat Landings 249

Steamer Governor Andrew 250

Accord Pond 261

From a photograph by Charles W. S Seymour.

Accord Pond 269

From a photograph by Charles W. S. Seymour.

Loring Hall, Insurance Company, and Savings Bank

Building 280

"Wilder Memorial „ 2S7

Society of Mutual Aid 304

Portrait of Lieut. -Governor Levi Lincoln. ..... 334

Portrait of Solomon Lincoln . 336

Portrait of Governor Long 338

Early Settlers' Monument, Fort Hill Cemetery . . . 362
From a photograph by Francis H. Lincoln,

Entrance to High Street Cemetery 364

From a photograph by Francis II. Lincoln.

Entrance to Hingham Cemetery 366

From a photograph by Francis II. Lincoln.

Tomb of Rev. Ebenezer Gay, D. D 368

From a photograph by Francis II. Lincoln.

Hingham Cemetery Chapel 369

First Settlers' Monument, Hingham Cemetery .... 370

View in Hingham Centre Cemetery . 373

From a photograph by Francis II Lincoln.

Town Seal - 386

Engraved by Wallace Corthell.

ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY.

BY FRANCIS H. LINCOLN.

THE OLD MEETING-HOUSE, HINGHAMo (ERECTED 1681.)

FIRST PARISH.

The first church in Hingham was formed in September, 1635.
Rev. Peter Hobart, of Hingham, in Norfolk, England, came to
Charlestown in June, 1635. Mr. Hobart was educated at Mag-
dalene College, Cambridge, where he was graduated in 1625.
He declined the invitations of several settlements to become their
pastor, preferring to join that at Bare Cove, where many of his
fellow-townsmen in the old country were already established.
On the second of September, 1635, the name of Bare Cove was
changed to Hingham ; and on the eighteenth of the same month
Mr. Hobart and twenty-nine others drew for house-lots. Here
Mr. Hobart gathered the church which was the twelfth in order
of time in Massachusetts proper.

VOL. I. 1*

2 History of Hingham.

During the few years immediately succeeding 1635 settlers came
in quite respectable numbers to Hingham ; and there is every rea-
son to suppose the church was in a prosperous condition.

Nov. 28, 1638, Mr. Robert Peck was ordained Teacher of the
church. In the " Peck Genealogy," by Ira G. Peck, we find the
following account of him : —

" Rev. Robert Peck was born at Beccles, Suffolk County, England, in
1580. He was graduated at Magdalene College, Cambridge; the degree
of A. B. was conferred upon him in 1599, and that of A. M. in 1G03. He
was set apart to the ministry, and inducted over the church at Hingham,
Norfolk County, England, Jan. 8. 1605, where he remained until 1G38,
when he fled from the persecutions of the church to this country."

He was a talented and influential clergyman, a zealous preacher,
and a non-conformist to the superstitions, ceremonies, and cor-
ruptions of the church, for which he was persecuted and driven
from the country. Brook, in his " Lives of the Puritans," givea
many facts of interest in relation to him. In particular, giving
some of the offences for which he and his followers were perse-
cuted, he says : —

" For having catechised his family, and sung a psalm in his own house
on a Lord's day evening, when some of his neighbors attended, his lord-
ship (Bishop Harsnet) enjoined all who were present to do penance,
requiring them to say, ' I confess my errors,' etc."

Those who refused were immediately excommunicated and re-
quired to pay heavy costs. This, Mr. Brook says, appears from
the bishop's manuscripts under his own hands. He says : " He
was driven from his flock, deprived of his benefice, and forced to
seek his bread in a foreign land."

He arrived here in 1638. In relation to his arrival the town
clerk of Hingham here says : —

" Mr. Robert Peck, preacher of the gospel in the town of Hingham, in
the county of Norfolk, old England, with his wife and two children and
two servants, came over the sea and settled in the town of Hingham ; and
he was a Teacher of the Church."

Mr. Hobart, of Hingham, says in his Diary that he was ordained
here Teacher of the church, Nov. 28, 1638. His name frequently
appears upon the records of the town. He had lands granted
him. His family consisted of nine children. He remained here
until the long Parliament, or until the persecutions in England
ceased, when he returned and resumed his rectorship at Hingham.
Mr. Hobart says he returned Oct. 27, 1641. He died at Hing-
ham, England, and was buried in his churchyard there.

Cotton Mather, in his " Magnalia Christi Americana," has the
following: —

Ecclesiastical History. 3

'* Mr. Robert Peck. — This light, having been by the persecuting prel-
ates ' put under a bushel,' was, by the good providence of Heaven, fetched
away into New England, about the year 1638, where the good people of
our Hingham did ' rejoice in the light for a season.' But within two or
three years the invitation of his friends at Hingham in England persuaded
him to a return unto them ; where being, though a great person for stat-
ure, yet a greater for spirit, he was greatly serviceable for the good of the
church."

In " Blomefield's Norfolk " is the following : —

•' 1605, 7 Jan. Robert Peck, A.M. Tho. Moor; by grant of Francis
Lovell, Knt., he was ' a man of a very violent schismatical spirit ; he
pulled down the rails and levelled the altar and the whole chancel a foot
below the church, as it remains to this day ; but being prosecuted for it by
Bishop Wren, he fled the kingdom and went over into New-England, with
many of his parishioners, who sold their estates for half their value, and
conveyed all their effects to that new plantation, erected a town and col-
onie, by the name of Hingham, where many of their posterity are still
remaining. He promised never to desert them ; but hearing that Bishops
were deposed, he left them all to shift for themselves, and came back to
Hingham in the year 1646. After 10 years' voluntary banishment he
resumed his rectory, and died in the year 1656.' His funeral sermon was
preached by Nathaniel Joceline, A. M., pastor of the church of Hardingham,
and was published by him, being dedicated to Mr. John Sidley, high-
sheriff ; Brampton- Gurdon and Mr. Day, justices of the peace ; Mr.
Church, Mr. Barnham, and Mr. Man, aldermen and justices in the city
of Norwich.

" 1638, 25 Mag. Luke Skippon, A.M., was presented by Sir Thomas
Woodhouse, Knt. and Bart., as on Peck's death, he having been absent
about two years. And in —

"1640, 11 April, the said Luke was reinstituted, the living being void
by lapse, it appearing that Peck was alive since Skippon's first institution ;
and now two years more being past, and he not appearing, it lapsed to
the Crown, as on Peck's death. But in —

" 1646, Peck came again, and held it to his death."

A controversy which seriously affected the harmony of the
church and town arose in 1644. The cause was insignificant in
comparison with the principles it involved. Anthony Eames,
who had been Lieutenant, was chosen Captain of the company of
militia, and was presented to be commissioned by the Council.
Before this was accomplished, dissatisfaction arose, and Bozoan
Allen was selected. " Winthrop's Journal " gives a long account
of the affair, which is quoted at length in Lincoln's " History of
Hingham." Mr. Lincoln's comments are valuable, and he leaves
nothing new to be gleaned. The writer of this chapter, with a
filial respect for the opinions and industrious research of one
whose interest in this town and its history were unceasing, pre-
fers to insert the narrative as given by him rather than to
attempt any description of his own.

4 History of H Ingham.

CONTROVERSY WITH THE MAGISTRATES.
[From the "History of Hingkaiu," by Solomon Lincoln, 1827.]

It does not appear that the harmony of the church or the pros-
perity of the town was interrupted until the year when the un-
fortunate occurrence of the military difficulties caused a serious
injury to both. The prominent part which Mr. Hobart took in
this unpleasant controversy rendered him less popular at home
and obnoxious to the government. His friends, however, were
much the most numerous and influential party in the church ; and
his conduct in relation to the minority, although it gave rise to
some jealousy, and in a few instances to strong dislike, does not
appear to have diminished the attachment which a majority of the
citizens had uniformly exhibited towards him. From the severe
and burthensome fines and expenses to which he was subjected in
consequence of his zeal for popular rights, he appears to have
been relieved by the liberality of the people of his charge.

Previously to the difficulties of 1644, we have reason to suppose
that the town was flourishing and prosperous. The situation was
eligible ; the facilities for fishing and for intercourse with other
towns by water contributed to enrich it. In 1654 it is described
by Johnson, in his " Wonder-Working Providence," in the follow-
ing manner, viz. : —

"A place nothing inferiour to their Neighbours for seituatiou ; and the
people have much profited themselves by transporting Timber, Planke,
and Mast for shipping to the town of Boston ; as also ceder and Pine-
board to supply the wants of other townes, and also to remote parts, even
as far as Barbadoes. They want not for fish for themselves and others
also. This towne consisted of about sixty families. The forme is some-
what intricate to describe, by reason of the Seas wasting crookes where
it beats upon a mouldering shore. Yet have they compleat streetes in
some places. The people joyned in Church covenant in this place were
much about an hundred soules, but have been lessened by a sad, un-
brotherly contention which fell out among them, wasting them every
way — continued already for seven yeares' space, to the great grief of
all other Churches."

It is this "sad unbrotherly contention"' which first attracts
our attention in the early history of Hingham. It is to be re-
gretted that most of the writers of the time when these difficul-
ties arose should have been of that class which disapproved of
the proceedings of a majority of the citizens of the town, and
that no statement by those opposed to them in opinion has been
preserved ; because, by comparing opposite statements, we should
perhaps view the conduct of those of our ancestors who were
then considered to be acting in an unjustifiable and disorderly

Ecclesiastical History. 5

manner, as the result of principles more consonant to the spirit
of the present age than to the feelings of men at the time when
they lived.

I am aware, however, that there is justice in the remark of
the learned editor of Winthrop, when, in speaking of Governor
Winthrop's account of these affairs, he says, " An unusual fairness
for a party whose feelings had been so much engaged in the con-
troversy is here shown by our author." These difficulties origi-
nated among the members of the military company, gradually
enlisted the feelings of the whole town, arrested the attention
of the church, were taken cognizance of by the neighbouring
churches, and at last required the interposition of the govern-
ment. A sketcli of the rise, progress, and termination of these
difficulties will illustrate the principles of our fathers, and give
some indication of the spirit and asperity of controversies when
the prejudices of religion and of politics were unfortunately
blended together. Winthrop, in his Journal, vol. ii. p. 221, in-
troduces the subject as follows : —

" 1645. This court fell out a troublesome business which took up much
time. The town of Hingham, having one Ernes their lieutenant seven
or eight years, had lately chosen him to be their captain, and had pre-
sented him to the standing council for allowance ; but before it was
accomplished, the greater part of the town took some light occasion of
offence against him, and chose one Allen to be their captain, and pre-
sented him to the magistrates (in the time of the last general court) to be
allowed. But the magistrates, considering the injury that would hereby
accrue to Ernes (who had been their chief commander so many years,
and had deserved well in his place, and that Allen had no other skill but
what he learned from Emes), refused to allow of Allen, but willed both
sides to return home, and every officer to keep his place until the court
should take further order. Upon their return home, the messengers, who
came for Allen, called a private meeting of those of their own party, and
told them truly what answer they received from the magistrates, and soon
after they appointed a training day (without their lieutenant's knowl-
edge), and being assembled, the lieutenant hearing of it came to them,
and would have exercised them, as he was wont to do, but those of the
other party refused to follow him, except he would show them some order
for it. He told them of the magistrates' order about it ; the others re-
plied that authority had advised him to go home and lay down his place
honourably. Another asked, what the magistrates had to do with them ?
Another, that it was but three or four of the magistrates, and if they
had all been there, it had been nothing, for Mr. Allen had brought more
for them from the deputies, than the lieutenant had from the magistrates.
Another of them professeth he will die at the sword's point, if he might
not have the choice of his own officers. Another (viz. the clerk of the
band) stands up above the people, and requires them to vote, whether
they would bear them out in what was past and what was to come. This
being assented unto, and the tumult continuing, one of the officers (he
who had told them that authority had advised the lieutenant to go home
and lay down his place) required Allen to take the captain's place; but

6 History of Hingham.

he not then accepting it, they put it to the vote, whether he should he
their captain. The vote passing for it, he then told the company, it was
now past question, and thereupon Allen accepted it, and exercised the
company two or three days, only about a third part of them followed the
lieutenant. He, having denied in the open field, that authority had ad-
vised him to lay down his place, and putting (in some sort) the lie upon
those who had so reported, was the next Lord's day called to answer it
before the church, and he standing to maintain what he had said, five
witnesses were produced to convince him. Some of them affirmed the
words, the others explained their meaning to be. that one magistrate
had so advised him. He denied both. Whereupon the pastor, one Mr.
Hubbert, (brother to three of the principal in this sedition), was very
forward to have excommunicated the lieutenant presently, but, upon
some opposition, it was put off to the next day. Thereupon the lieuten-
ant and some three or four more of the chief men of the town informed
four of the next magistrates of these proceedings, who forthwith met at
Boston about it, (viz. the deputy governour, the sergeant major general,
the secretary, and Mr. Hibbins). These, considering the case, sent war-
rant to the constable to attach some of the principal offenders (viz. three
of the Hubbards and two more) to appear before them at Boston, to find
sureties for their appearance at the next court, &c. Upon the day they
came to Boston, but their said brother the minister came before them,
and fell to expostulate with the said magistrates about the said cause,
complaining against the complainants, as talebearers, &c, taking it very
disdainfully that his brethren should be sent for by a constable, with other
high speeches, which were so provoking, as some of the magistrates told
him, that, were it not for the respect to his ministry, they would commit
him. When his brethren and the rest were come in, the matters of the
information were laid to their charge, which they denied for the most part.
So they were bound over (each for other) to the next court of assistants.
After this five others were sent for by summons (these were only for
speaking untruths of the magistrates in the church). They came before
the deputy governour, when he was alone, and demanded the cause of their
sending for, and to know their accusers. The deputy told them so much
of the cause as he could remember, and referred them to the secretary for
a copy, and for their accusers he told them they knew both the men and
the matter, neither was a judge bound to let a criminal offender know
his accusers before the day of trial, but only in his own discretion, least
the accuser might be taken off or perverted, &c. Being required to give
bond for their appearance, &c, they refused. The deputy laboured to
let them see their errour, and gave them time to consider of it. About
fourteen days after, seeing two of them in the court, (which was kept
by those four magistrates for smaller causes), the deputy required them
again to enter bond for their appearance, &c, and upon their second
refusal committed them in that open court.

" The general court falling out before the court of assistants, the Hub-
berts and the two which were committed, and others of Hingham, about
ninety, (whereof Mr. Hubbert their minister was the first), presented a
petition to the general court, to this effect, that whereas some of them
had been bound over, and others committed by some of the magistrates
for words spoken concerning the power of the general court, and their
liberties, and the liberties of the church, &c, they craved that the court
would hear the cause, &c. This was first presented to the deputies, who

Ecclesiastical History. 1

sent it to the magistrates, desiring their concurrence with them, that the
cause might be heard, &c. The magistrates, marvelling that they would
grant such a petition, without desiring conference first with themselves,
whom it so much concerned, returned answer, that they were willing the
cause should be heard, so as the petitioners would name the magistrates
whom they intended, and the matters they would lay to their charge,
&c. Upon this the deputies demanded of the petitioners' agents (who
were then deputies of the court) to have satisfaction in those points,
whereupon they singled out the deputy governour, and two of the peti-
tioners undertook the prosecution. Then the petition was returned
ao-ain to the magistrates for their consent, &c, who being desirous that
the deputies might take notice, how prejudicial to authority and the
honour of the court it would be to call a magistrate to answer crimi-
nally in a cause, wherein nothing of that nature could be laid to his
charge, and that without any private examination preceding, did intimate
so much to the deputies, (though not directly, yet plainly enough), show-
in or them that nothing criminal &c. was laid to his charge, and that the
things objected to were the act of the court &c. yet if they would needs
have a hearing, they would join in it. And indeed it was the desire of
the ^puty, (knowing well how much himself and the other magistrates
did suffer in the cause, through the slanderous reports wherewith the
deputies and the country about had been possessed), that the cause
might receive a public hearing.

" The day appointed being come, the court assembled in the meeting
house at Boston. Divers of the elders were present, and a great assembly
of people. The deputy governour, coming in with the rest of the magis-
trates, placed himself beneath within the bar, and so sate uncovered.
Some question was in court about his being in that place (for many both
of the court and the assembly were grieved at it). But the deputy tell-
in^ them, that, being criminally accused, he might not sit as judge in
that cause, and if he were upon the bench, it would be a great disadvan-
tage to him, for he could not take, that liberty, to plead the cause, which
he oucrht to be allowed at the bar, upon this the court was satisfied.

" The petitioners having declared their grievances &c. the deputy craved
leave to make answer, which was to this effect, viz. that he accounted it
no disgrace, but rather an honour put upon him, to be singled out from his
brethren in the defence of a cause so just (as he hoped to make that
appear) and of so publick concernment. And although he might have
pleaded to the petition, and so have demurred in law, upon three points,

1, in that there is nothing laid to his charge, that is either criminal or unjust ;

2, if he had been mistaken either in the law or in the state of the case, yet
whether it were such as a judge is to be called in question for as a delin-
quent, when it doth not appear to be wickedness or wilfulness ; for in
England many erroneous judgments are reversed, and errours in pro-
ceedings rectified, and yet the judges not called in question about them ;

3, in that being thus singled out from three other of the magistrates, and
to answer by himself for some things, which were the act of a court, he
is deprived of the just means of his defence, for many things may be
justified as done by four, which are not warrantable if done by one alone,
and the records of a court are a full justification of any act, while such
record stands in force. But he was willing to waive this plea, and to
make answer to the particular charges, to the end that the truth of the
case, and of all proceedings thereupon might appear to all men.

8 History of Hingham.

" Hereupon the court proceeded to examine the whole cause. The
deputy justified all the particulars laid to his charge, as that upon credible
information of such a mutinous practice, and open disturbance of the peace,
and slighting of authority, the offenders were sent for, the principal by war-
rant to the constable to bring them, and others by summons, and that
some were bound over to the next court of assistants, and others that
refused to be bound were committed ; and all this according to the
equity of the laws here established, and the custom and laws of England,
and our constant practice here these fifteen years. And for some
speeches he was charged with as spoken to the delinquents, when they
came before him at his house, when none were present with him but
themselves, first, he appealed to the judgment of the court, whether
delinquents may be received as competent witnesses against a magistrate
in such a case ; then, for the words themselves, some he justified, some
he explained so as no advantage could be taken of them, as that he
should say, that the magistrates could try some criminal causes without
a jury, that he knew no law of God or man, which required a judge
to make known to the party his accusers (or rather witnesses) before
the cause came to hearing. But two of them charged him to have said
that it was against the law of God and man so to do, which had been
absurd, for the deputy professed he knew no law against it, only a
judge may sometimes, in discretion, conceal their names &c. least they
should be tampered with, or conveyed out of the way &c.

" Two of the magistrates and many of the deputies were of opinion that
the magistrates exercised too much power, and that the people's liberty
was thereby in danger ; and other of the deputies (being about half)
and all the rest of the magistrates were of a different judgment, and that
authority was overmuch slighted, which, if not timely remedied, would
endanger the commonwealth, and bring us to a mere democracy. By
occasion of this difference, there was not so orderly carriage at the hear-
ing, as was meet, each side striving unseasonably to enforce the evidence,
and declaring their judgments thereupon, which should have been re-
served to a more private debate (as after it was), so as the best part of
two days was spent in this publick agitation and examination of witnesses
&c. This being ended, a committee was chosen of magistrates and depu-
ties, who stated the case, as it appeared upon the whole pleading and
evidence, though it cost much time, and with great difficulty did the com-
mittee come to accord upon it.

" The case being stated and agreed, the magistrates and deputies consid-
ered it apart, first the deputies, having spent a whole day, and not attain-
ing to any issue, sent up to the magistrates to have their thoughts about
it, who taking it into consideration, (the deputy always withdrawing when
that matter came into debate), agreed upon these four points chiefly; 1.
that the petition was false and scandalous , 2. that those who were bound
over &c. and others that were parties to the disturbance at Hingham,
were all offenders, though in different degrees, 3. that they and the peti-
tioners were to be censured, 4. that the deputy governour ought to be
acquit and righted &c. This being sent down to the deputies, they spent
divers days about it, and made two or three returns to the magistrates,
and though they found the petition false and scandalous, and so voted it,
yet they would not agree to any censure. The magistrates, on the other
side, were resolved for censure, and for the deputy's full acquittal. The
deputies being thus hard held to it. and growing weary of the court,

Ecclesiastical History. 9

for it began (3) 14, and brake not up (save one week) till (5) 5, were
content they should pay the charges of the court. After, they were
drawn to consent to some small fines, but in this they would have drawn
in lieutenant Ernes to have been fined deeply, he being neither plaintiff
nor defendant, but an informer only, and had made good all the points
of his information, and no offence found in him, other than that which
was after adjudged worthy of admonition only ; and they would have
imposed the charges of the court upon the whole trained band at Hing-
ham, when it was apparent, that divers were innocent, and had no hand in
any of these proceedings. The magistrates not consenting to so manifest
injustice, they sent to the deputies to desire them to join with them in
calling in the help of the elders, (for they were now assembled at Cam-
bridge from all parts of the United Colonies, and divers of them were
present when the cause was publickly heard, and declared themselves
much grieved to see that the deputy governour should be called forth to
answer as a delinquent in such a case as this was, and one of them, in
the name of the rest, had written to him to that effect, fearing lest he
should apprehend over deeply of the injury &c.) but the deputies would
by no means consent thereto, for they knew that many of the elders
understood the cause, and were more careful to uphold the honour and
power of the magistrates than themselves well liked of, and many of them
(at the request of the elder and others of the church of Hingham during
this court) had been at Hingham, to see if they could settle peace in the
church there, and found the elder and others the petitioners in great
fault &c. After this (upon motion of the deputies) it was agreed to refer
the cause to arbitrators, according to an order of the court, when the
magistrates and deputies cannot agree &c. The magistrates named six
of the elders of the next towns, and left it to them to choose any three
or four of them, and required them to name six others. The deputies
finding themselves now at the wall, and not daring to trust the elders
with the cause, they sent to desire that six of themselves might come and
confer with the magistrates, which being granted, they came, and at last
came to this agreement, viz. the chief petitioners and the rest of the
offenders were severally fined, (all their fines not amounting to 50
pounds), the rest of the petitioners to bear equal share to 50 pounds more
towards the charges of the court, (two of the principal offenders were the
deputies of the town, Joshua Hubbert and Bozone Allen, the first was
fined 20 pounds, and the other 5 pounds), lieutenant Ernes to be under
admonition, the deputy governour to be legally and publickly acquit of
all that was laid to his charge.

"According to this agreement, (5) 3, presently after the lecture the
magistrates and deputies took their places in the meeting house, and the
people being come together, and the deputy governour placing himself
within* the bar, as at the time of the hearing &c. the governour read the
sentence of the court, without speaking any more, for the deputies had
(by importunity) obtained a promise of silence from the magistrates.
Then was the deputy governour desired by the court to go up and
take his place again upon the bench, which he did accordingly, and the
court being about to arise, he desired leave for a little speech, which
was to this effect.

'"I suppose something may be expected from me, upon this charge that
is befallen me, which moves me to speak now to you ; yet I intend
not to intermeddle in the proceedings of the court, or with any of the

10 History of Hingham.

persons concerned therein. Only I bless God, that I see an issue of
this troublesome business. I also acknowledge the justice of the court,
and, for mine own part, I am well satisfied, I was publickly charged,
and I am publickly and legally acquitted, which is all I did expect or
desire. And though this be sufficient for my justification before men,
yet not so before the God, who hath seen so much amiss in my dis-
pensations (and even in this affair) as calls me to be humble. For to be
publickly and criminally charged in this court, is matter of humiliation,
(and I desire to make a right use of it), notwithstanding I be thus
acquitted. If her father had spit in her face, (saith the Lord concerning
Miriam), should she not have been ashamed seven days ? Shame had
lien upon her. whatever the occasion had been. I am unwilling to stay
you from your urgent affairs, yet give me leave (upon this special occa-
sion) to speak a little more to this assembly. It may be of some good
use, to inform and rectify the judgments of some of the people, and may
prevent such distempers as have arisen amongst us. The great ques-
tions that have troubled the country, are about the authority of the
magistrates and the liberty of the people. It is yourselves who have
called us to this office, and being called by you. we have our authority
from God, in way of an ordinance, such as hath the image of God emi-
nently stamped upon it, the contempt and violation whereof hath been
vindicated with examples of divine vengeance. I entreat you to consider,
that when you choose magistrates, you take them from among your-
selves, men subject to like passions as you are. Therefore when you see
infirmities in us, you should reflect upon your own, and that would make
you bear more with us, and not be severe censurers of the failings of
your magistrates, when you have continual experience of the like infirmi-
ties in yourselves and others. We account him a good servant, who
breaks not his covenant. The covenant between you and us is the oath
you have taken of us, which is to this purpose, that we shall govern you
and judge your causes by the rules of God's laws and our own, according
to our best skill. When you agree with a workman to build you a ship
or house &c. he undertakes as well for his skill as for his faithfulness,
for it is his profession, and you pay him for both. But when you call
one to be a magistrate, he doth not profess nor undertake to have suffi-
cient skill for that office, nor can you furnish him with gifts &c. therefore
you must run the hazard of his skill and ability. But if he fail in faith-
fulness, which by his oath he is bound unto, that he must answer for. If
it fall out that the case be clear to common apprehension, and the rule
clear also, if he transgresses here, the errour is not in the skill, but in the
evil of the will : it must be required of him. But if the cause be doubt-
ful, or the rule doubtful, to men of such understanding and parts as your
magistrates are, if your magistrates should err here, yourselves must
bear it.

" ' For the other point concerning liberty, I observe a great mistake in
the country about that. There is a twofold liberty, natural (I mean as
our nature is now corrupt) and civil or federal. The first is common to
men with beasts and other creatures. By this, man, as he stands in rela-
tion to man simply, hath liberty to do what he lists ; it is a liberty to evil
as well as to good. This liberty is incompatible and inconsistent with
authority, and cannot endure the least restraint of the most just authority.
The exercise and maintaining of this liberty makes men grow more evil,
and in time to be worse than brute beasts ; omnes sumus licentia deteri-

Ecclesiastical History. 11

ores. That is that great enemy of truth and peace, that wild beast, which
all the ordinances of God are bent against, to restrain and subdue it.
The other kind of liberty I call civil or federal, it may also be termed
moral, in reference to the covenant between God and man, in the moral
law, and the politic covenants and constitutions amongst men themselves.
This liberty is the proper end and object of authority, and cannot subsist
without it ; and it is a liberty to that only which is good, just, and hon-
est. This liberty you are to stand for, with the hazard (not only of
your goods, but) of your lives, if need be. Whatsoever crosseth this, is
not authority, but a distemper thereof. This liberty is maintained and
exercised in a way of subjection to authority ; it is of the same kind of
liberty wherewith Christ hath made us free. The woman's own choice makes
such a man her husband ; yet being so chosen, he is her lord, and she is
to be subject to him, yet in a way of liberty, not of bondage ; and a true
wife accounts her subjection her honour and freedom, and would not
think her condition safe and free, but in her subjection to her husband's
authority. Such is the liberty of the church under the authority of
Christ, her king and husband; his yoke is easy and sweet to her as a
bride's ornaments ; and if through frowardness or wantonness &c. she
shake it off, at any time, she is at no rest in her spirit, until she take
it up again; and whether her lord smiles upon her, and embraceth her
in his arms, or whether he frowns, or rebukes, or smites her, she appre-
hends the sweetness of his love in all, and is refreshed, supported, and
instructed by every such dispensation of his authority over her. On the
other side, ye know who they are that complain of this yoke and say, let
us break their bands &c. we will not have this man to rule over us.
Even so, brethren, it will be between you and your magistrates. If you
stand for your natural corrupt liberties, and will do what is good in your
own eves, you will not endure the least weight of authority, but will
murmur, and oppose, and be always striving to shake off that yoke ; but
if vou will be satisfied to enjoy such civil and lawful liberties, such as
Christ allows you, then will you -quietly and cheerfully submit unto that
authority which is set over you, in all the administrations of it, for your
good. Wherein, if we fail at any time, we hope we shall be willing (by
God's assistance) to hearken to good advice from any of you, or in any
other way of God ; so shall your liberties be preserved, in upholding the
honour and power of authority amongst you.' "

The following notes of the proceedings of the deputies and
magistrates in relation to this affair were collected by Mr. Savage
and published in his edition of Winthrop : —

" The first order of the magistrates is as follows : ' Fined the persons
after named in such sums as hereafter are expressed, having been as mod-
erate and gone as low as they any ways could with the holding up of
authority in any measure, and the maintenance of justice, desiring the
concurrence of the deputies herein, that at length an end may be put to
this long and tedious business.

Joshua Hubbard is fined £20 00 00

Edmond Hubbard 5 00 00

Thomas Hubbard 2 00 00

Edmond Gold 1 00 00

John Faulshame 20 00 00

12 History of Hingham.

John Towers £5 00 00

Daniel Cushin 2 10 00

William Hersey 10 00 00

Mr. Bozon Allen 10 00 00

Mr. Peter Hubbard, the first that subscribed the petition, 2 00 00

All the rest of the petitioners being fined 81, out of which number are ex-
cepted three ; viz., Mr. Peter Hubbard, John Foulshame, and John Tow-
ers. The rest, making 78, are fined 20 shillings a piece, the sum of which
is — £155 10.

" ' We have also voted, that, according to the order of the general court,
for so long time as their cause hath been in handling, the petitioners
shall bear the charge of the general court, the sum of which costs is to be
cast up and agreed by the court when the cause is finished.'

" ' The House of Deputies, having issued the Hingham business before
the judgment of our honoured magistrates upon the case came down,
they have hereunder expressed their determinate censures upon such as
they find delinquent in the case ; viz., —

Joshua Hubbard is fined £20 00 00

Anthony Eames 5 00 00

Thomas Hubbard . 4 00 00

Edmond Hubbard . 10 00 00

Daniel Cushan 4 00 00 >

William Hersey 4 00 00

Mr. Allen, beside his proportion with the trainband . 1 00 00
Edmond Gold 2 00 00

" ' The rest of the trainband of Hingham. that have an equal vote
allowed them by law for the choice of their military officers, are fined 55
pounds, to be paid by equal proportion ; the which said sums of 50 and
do pounds are laid upon the said delinquents for the satisfying of the
charge of the court occasioned by the hearing of the cause, in case the
said charge shall arise to the sum of 105 pounds. The deputies desire
the consent of the magistrates herein.'

" Several discordant votes passed each branch before the business was
brought to its close."

After giving an account of the proceedings of the court,
Winthrop remarks as follows : —

" I should have mentioned the Hingham case, what care and pains
many of the elders had taken to reconcile the differences which were
grown in that church. Mr. Hubbert, the pastor there, being of a Presby-
terial spirit, did manage all affairs without the church's advice; which
divers of the congregation not liking of, they were divided in two parts.
Lieutenant Ernes, &c, having complained to the magistrates, as is before
expressed, Mr. Hubbert, &c, would have cast him out of the church, pre-
tending that he told a lie ; whereupon they procured the elders to write
to the church, and so did some of the magistrates also ; whereupon they
stayed proceeding against the lieutenant for a day or two. But he and
some twelve more of them, perceiving he was resolved to proceed,
and finding no way of reconciliation, they withdrew from the church, and
openly declared it in the congregation. This course the elders did not
approve of. But being present in the court when their petition against
the deputy governour was heard, Mr. Hubbert, perceiving the cause was

Ecclesiastical History. 13

like to go against him and his party, desired the elders to go to Hingham
to mediate a reconciliation (which he would never hearken to before,
being earnestly sought by the other party and offered by the elders) in
the interim of the court's adjournment for one week. They readily
accepted the motion, and went to Hingham and spent two or three days
there, and found the pastor and his party in great fault, but could not
bring him to any acknowledgment. In their return by water they were
kept twenty-four hours in the boat, and were in great danger by occasion
of a tempest which arose in the night ; but the Lord preserved them."

But the difficulties did not terminate here. The authority of
government was resisted when the marshal attempted to levy the
fines imposed on the petitioners. The following is Winthrop's
account of the matter : —

"1G46. 26. (1.) " The governour and council met at Boston to take
order about a rescue which they were informed of to have been committed
at Hingham upon the marshal, when he went to levy the fines imposed
upon Mr. Hubberd their pastor and many others who joined with him in
the petition against the magistrates, &c. And having taken the infor-
mation of the marshal and others, they sent out summons for their
appearance at another day ; at which time Mr. Hubberd came not, nor
sent any excuse, though it was proved that he was at home and that
the summons was left at his house. Whereupon he was sent for by
attachment directed to the constable, who brought him at the day of the
return. And being then charged with joining in the said rescue by ani-
mating the offenders and discouraging the officer, questioning the au-
thority of his warrant because it was not in the king's name, and standing
upon his allegiance to the crown of England and exemption from such
laws as were not agreeable to the laws of England, saying to the marshal
that he could never know wherefore he was fined, except it were for peti-
tioning, and, if they were so waspish that they might not be petitioned,
he knew not what to say to it, &c. — all the answer he would give was,
that, if he had broken any wholesome law not repugnant to the laws of
England, he was ready to submit to censure. So he was bound over to
the next court of assistants.

" The court being at Boston, Mr. Hubberd appeared, and the marshal's
information and other concurrent testimony being read to him and his
answer demanded, he desired to know in what state he stood, and what
offence he should be charged with, or what wholesome law of the land,
not repugnant to the law of England, he had broken. The court told him
that the matters he was charged with amounted to a seditious practice,
and derogation and contempt of authority. He still pressed to know
what law, &c. He was told that the oath which he had taken was a law
to him; and, besides, the law of God, which we were to judge by in
case of a defect of an express law. He said that the law of God ad-
mitted various interpretations, &c. Then he desired to see his accusers.
Upon that the marshal was called, who justified his information. Then
he desired to be tried by a jury, and to have the witnesses produced viva
voce. The secretary told him that two were pi-esent and the third was
sworn to his examination (but in that he was mistaken, for he had not
been sworn) ; but to satisfy him he was sent for and sworn in court.
The matters testified against him were his speeches to the marshal before

14 History of Hingham.

thirty persons against our authority and government, &c. 1. That we
were hut as a corporation in England ; 2. That by our patent (as he
understood it), we could not put any man to death, nor do divers other
things which we did ; 3. That he knew not wherefore the general court
had fined them, except it were for petitioning; and if they were so wasp-
ish (or captious) as they might not be petitioned, &c. — and other speeches
tending to disparage our authority and proceedings. Accordingly a bill
was drawn up, &c, and the jury found that he seemed to be ill affected to
this government, and that his speeches tended to sedition and contempt of
authority. Whereupon the whole court (except Mr. Bellinoham, who
judged him to deserve no censure, and desired in open court to have his
dissent recorded) adjudged him to pay 20 pounds fine, and to be bound to
his good behaviour till the next court of assistants, and then farther if the
court should see cause. At this sentence his spirit rose, and he would
know what the good behaviour was, and desired the names of the jury
arid a copy of all the proceedings, which was granted him ; and so he was
dismissed at present."

In 1646 the celebrated petition of Dr. Child and six others for
the abolition of " the distinctions which were maintained here,
both in civil and church estate," and that the people of this
country might be wholly governed by the laws of England, was
presented to the House of Deputies. Six of the petitioners were
cited before the court and charged with great offences contained
in this petition. They appealed to the Parliament of England, and
offered security to abide by their sentence; but the court thought
proper to sentence the offenders to fine and imprisonment. The
petitioners then resolved to lay their case before Parliament ,
and Dr. Child, Mr. Vassall, and Mr. Fowle went to England for
that purpose.1 But it appears that they met with very ill success
in their exertions. Their papers were published at London by
Major John Child, brother of Dr. Robert Child, in a tract entitled
" New England's Jonas Cast up at London," in allusion, probably,
to the remark of Mr. Cotton in one of his sermons, " that, if any
shall carry any writings or complaints against the people of God
in this country to England, it would be as Jonas in the ship."
This tract was answered by Mr. Wiuslow, who was then in
England, in another tract, entitled " The Salamander," " wherein,"
says Winthrop, " he cleared the justice of the proceedings" of the
government here.

I introduced this notice of the petition of Dr. Child and others
for the purpose of correcting an error into which Hutchinson and
Neal have fallen in confounding this controversy with that of our
military dispute which created so much excitement in the country.
It is proper to mention, however, that Mr. Hobart was suspected
of "having a hand in it," and consequently was obliged to suffer
another of the mortifications to which the relentless spirit of per-

1 An amusing account of the superstitious terror of some of the passengers in the
vessel in which the petitioners went to England, and of the ill success of their petition,
may be found in Neal's "History of New England."

Ecclesiastical History. 15

secution had subjected him. I give, however, Winthrop's account
in his own words : —

"In 1646. (9). 4. ] This court the business of Gorton, &c, and of
the petitioners Dr. Child, &c, were taken into consideration, and it was
thought needful to send some able men to England, with commission and
instructions to satisfy the commissioners for plantations about those com-
plaints ; and because it was a matter of so great and general concernment,
such of the elders as could be had were sent for, to have their advice in
the matter. Mr. Hubbard, of Hingham, came with the rest ; but the
court, being informed that he had an hand in a petition which Mr. Vassall
carried into England against the country in general, the governour pro-
pounded that if any elder present had any such hand, &c, he would with-
draw himself. Mr. Hubbard sitting still a good space, and no man
speaking, one of the deputies informed the court that Mr. Hubbard was
the man suspected ; whereupon he rose and said that he knew nothing of
any such petition. The governour replied, that, seeing he was now named,
he must needs deliver his mind about him ; which was, that, although
they had no proof present about the matter of the petition, and therefore
his denial was a sufficient clearing, &c, yet in regard he had so much
opposed authority and offered such contempt to it, as for which he had
been lately bound to his good behaviour, he thought he would (in dis-
cretion) withdraw himself, &c, whereupon he went out. Then the gover-
nour put the court in mind of a great miscarriage, in that our secretest
counsels were presently known abroad, which could not be but by some
among ourselves, and desired them to look at it as a matter of great
unfaithfulness, and that our present consultations might be kept in the
breast of the court, and not be divulged abroad, as others had been."

Winthrop then remarks upon a special providence of God (as
he terms it), in which he takes it for granted that Mr. Hobart,
the people of Hingham, and Dr. Child entertained similar views,
if they did not openly combine their efforts to promote them.

" I must here observe a special providence of God, pointing out his dis-
pleasure against some profane persons who took part with Dr. Child, &c,
against the government and churches here. The court had appointed a
general fast, to seek God (as for some other occasions, so) in the trouble
which threatened us by the petitioners, &c. The pastor of Hingham, and
others of hi* church (being of their party), made light of it, and some
said they would not fast against Dr. Child and against themselves ; and
there were two of them (one Pitt and Johnson) who, having a great raft
of masts and planks (worth forty or fifty pounds) to tow to Boston, would
needs set forth about noon the day before (it being impossible they could
get to Boston before the fast ; but when they came at Castle Island there
arose such a tempest, as carried away their raft, and forced them to cut
their mast to save their lives. Some 6f their masts and planks they re-
covered after, where it had been cast on shore ; but when they came with
it to the Castle, they were forced back again, and were so oft put back
with contrary winds, &c, as it was above a month before they could bring
all the remainder to Boston."

The editor of Winthrop in noticing these remarks very justly
observes, that " unless we be always careful to consider the cause

16 History of Hingham.

of any special providence, we may fail in our views of the dis-
pleasure of God ; " and notices the fact that the clergy, when
they came to this town to reduce the church members to sobriety,
" were kept twenty-four hours in the boat, and were in great dan-
ger by occasion of a tempest."

The last time at which Mr. Hobart was made to feel the dis-
pleasure of the government was in 1647. Winthrop mentions it
in the following manner : —

" 4. (6). There was a great marriage to be solemnized at Boston.
The bridegroom being of Hingham, Mr. Hubbard's church, he was pro-
cured to preach, and came to Boston to that end. But the magistrates,
hearing of it, sent to him to forbear. The reasons were, 1. for that his
spirit had been discovered to be adverse to our ecclesiastical and civil
government, and he was a bold man, and would speak his mind, 2. we
were not willing to bring in the English custom of ministers performing
the solemnity of marriage, which sermons at such times might induce, but
if any minister were present, and would bestow a word of exhortation,
&c, it was permitted."

I have thus gleaned from Winthrop all the facts which his val-
uable journal contains, relating in any manner to the military
difficulties in this town, and to the conduct of the most promi-
nent individuals concerned in them.

The dispassionate reader, while he will give to Winthrop all
the credit to which his impartiality entitles him, cannot fail to
discover some circumstances which tend to extenuate the crimi-
nality of the conduct of a large and respectable portion of the
inhabitants of this town. The convictions which the deputy gov-
ernor entertained of the disorderly and seditious course of Mr.
Hobart and his friends were deep and strong ; and in some in
stances his conduct indicated anything but a charitable spirit
towards those whose principal error (if any) consisted in their
attachment to more liberal views of government than those gen-
erally entertained at that time.

Winthrop acknowledges, that "the great questions that troubled
the country were about the authority of the magistrates and the
liberty of the people." " Two of the magistrates and many of
the deputies," esteemed for piety, prudence, and justice, " were
of opinion that the magistrates exercised too much power, and
that the people's liberty was thereby in danger," and the ten-
dency of their principles and conduct was (in the opinion of the
deputy governor), to have brought the commonwealth "to a
mere democracy."

Thus we learn that one of the military company here pro-
fessed " he would die at the sword's point, if he might not have
the choice of his own officers." Some of the principles and
privileges for which our fathers contended, were undoubtedly
too liberal and republican for the spirit of the age in which they
lived. They were, perhaps, injudicious and indiscreet in their

Ecclesiastical History. 17

endeavors to promote their views ; and probably in some instances
might not have expressed that respect for the constituted authori-
ties to which their character entitled them. The most superficial
reader, however, may discover in the conduct of the deputy gov-
ernor something of the spirit of bigotry which was, unfortunately,
too often allowed to affect the judgments of the wisest and best
of men at that time, and which operated very much to the injury
of those who entertained more liberal opinions in politics and
religion. The deputies, although conscious of the disorder which
such principles might cause in the community, did not feel so
strong a disregard of the motives of the people of Hiugham,
which impelled them to the course which they pursued, as to in-
duce them to consent to impose on them heavy fines, without
great reluctance.

The deputy governor appears to have been very sensitive on
the subject of innovations upon the authority of government, and
strongly bent, not only upon punishing, but desirous of publicly
disgracing the " profane " people of Hingham. He seems to have
" engulphed Bible, Testament, and all, into the common law," as
authority for the severe measures which were taken to mortify
their feelings and to check the spread of principles so democratic
in their tendency, and so dangerous to the interests of the com-
monwealth. Accordingly, we find that the magistrates sent to
Mr. Hobart to forbear delivering a discourse on the occasion of
the marriage of one of his church, at Boston, among other rea-
sons, " because he was a bold man, and would speak his mind."

The effect of this controversy does not appear to have been
ultimately injurious to the most conspicuous individuals engaged
in it. Mr. Hobart, the pastor of Hingham, enjoyed the esteem
of his people, and as has been before remarked, was relieved
from the severe penalties which he incurred, by the liberality of
the people of the town. His brother Joshua was afterwards
frequently a deputy, and in 1674 he was honored by an election
to the office of Speaker to the House of Deputies.

It is to be admitted that the excitement necessarily caused by
the agitation of this business served to retard the growth and
prosperity of the town ; and while the effects of the displeasure
of the government were operating to its injury, many of the in-
habitants removed to other places.

The affairs of the church were apparently in a peaceable and
prosperous condition after the conclusion of this troublesome af-
fair. Nothing of importance occurred until the declining strength
of the venerable pastor necessitated the settlement of a succes-
sor in the person of Mr. John Norton, in 1678. Mr. Hobart was
now in his seventy-fifth year, and he had served this people faith-
fully and with marked ability for over forty-three years.

VOL. I. — 2*

18 History of Hingham.

THE LIFE OP MR. PETER HOBART.
BY COTTON MATHER.

It was a saying of Alphonsus (whom they sir-named " the wise, King
of Arragon,") that " among so many things as are by men possessed or
pursued in the course of their lives, all the rest are baubles, besides old
wood to burn, old wine to drink, old friends to converse with, and old
books to read." Now, there having been Protestant and reformed colo-
nies here formed, in a new world, and those colonies now growing old, it
will certainly be no unwise thing for them to converse with some of their
old friends, among which one was Mr. Peter Hobart, whom therefore a
new book shall now present unto my readers.

Mr. Peter Hobart was born at or near Hingham, a market town in the
county of Norfolk, about the latter end of the year 1604. His parents
were eminent for piety, and even from their youth " feared God above
many ; " wherein their zeal was more conspicuous by the impiety of the
neighbourhood, among whom there were but three or four in the whole
town that minded serious religion, and these were sufficiently maligned
by the irreligious for their Puritanism. These parents of our Hobart
were such as had obtained each other from the God of heaven, by Isaac-
like prayers unto him, and such as afterwards " besieged Heaven " with a
continual importunity for a blessing upon their children, whereof the
second was this our Peter. This their son was, like another Samuel,
from his infancy dedicated by them unto the ministry, and in order
thereunto, sent betimes unto a grammar school ; whereto, such was his
desire of learning, that he went several miles on foot every morning,
and by his early appearance there, still shamed the sloth of others. He
went afterwards unto the free-school at Lyn, from whence, when he
was by his master judged fit for it, he was admitted into a colledge in the
University of Cambridge ; where he remained, studied, profited, until he
proceeded Batchellor of Arts ; giving all along an example of sobriety,
gravity, aversion from all vice, and inclination to the service of God.

Retiring then from the university, he taught a grammar school ; but
he lodged in the house of a conformist minister, who, though he were no
friend unto Puritans, yet he employed this our young Hobart sometimes
to preach for him ; and when asked, " What his opinion of this young
man was? " he said, "I do highly approve his abilities ; he will make an
able preacher, but I fear he will be too precise." When the time for it
came he returned unto the university, and proceeded Master of Arts : but
the rest of his time in England was attended with much unsettlement of
his condition. He was employed here and there, as godly people could
obtain permission from the parson of the parish, who upon any little dis-
gust would recal that permission : and yet all this while, by the blessing
of God upon his own diligence and discretion, and the frugality of his
virtuous consort, he lived comfortably. The last place of his residence
in England was in the town of Haverhil, where he was a lecturer, labori-
ous and successful in the vineyard of our Lord.

His parents, his brethren, his sisters, had not, without a great affliction
to him, embarked for New-England ; but some more time after this, the
cloud of prelatical impositions and persecutions grew so black upon him,

Ecclesiastical History. 19

that the solicitations of his friends obtained from him a resolution for
New-England also, where he hoped for a more settled abode, which was
most agreeable to his inclination.

Accordingly, in the summer of the year 1635, he took ship, with his
wife and four children, and after a voyage by constant sickness rendered
very tedious to him, he arrived at Charlestown, where he found his de-
sired relations got safe before him. Several towns now addressed him to
become their minister ; but he chose with his father's family and some
other Christians to form a new plantation, which they called Hingham ;
and there gathering a church, he continued a faithful pastor and an able
preacher for many years. And his old people at Haverhil indeed, in
some time after, sent most importunate letters unto him, to invite his re-
turn for England ; and he had certainly returned, if the letters had not so
miscarried, that before his advice to them, there fell out some remarkable
and invincible hindrances of his removal.

Not long after this, he had (as his own expression for it was) " his heart
rent out of his breast," by the death of his consort; but his Christian,
patient, and submissive resignation was rewarded by his marriage to a
second, that proved a rich blessing unto him. His house was also edified
and beautified with many children, on whom when he looked he would say
sometimes with much thankfulness, " Behold, thus shall the man be blessed
that feareth the Lord ! " and for whom he employed many tears in his
prayers to God, that they might be happy, and, like another Job, offered
up his daily supplications.

His love to learning made him strive hard that his hopeful sons might
not go without a learned education ; and accordingly we find four or five
of them wearing laurels in the catalogue of our graduates ; and several of
them are at this day worthy preachers of the gospel in our churches.

He was mostly a morning student, not meriting the name of Homo Lec-
tissimus, as he in the witty epigrammatist, from his long lying a bed; and
yet he would improve the darkness of the evening also for solemn, fixed,
and illuminating meditations. He. was much admired for well-studied ser-
mons ; and even in the midst of secular diversions and distractions, his
active mind would be busie at providing materials for the composure of
them. He much valued that rule, study standing ; and until old age and
weakness compelled him, he rarely would study sitting. . . . And when
he had an opportunity to hear a sermon from any other minister, he did
it with such a diligent and reverent attention, as made it manifest that he
worshipped God in doing of it ; and he was very careful to be present
still, at the beginning of the exercises, counting it a recreation to sit and
wait for the worship of God.

Moreover, his heart was knit in a most sincere and hearty love towards
pious men, though they were not in all things of his own perswasion. He
would admire the grace of God in good men, though they were of senti-
ments contrary unto his ; and he would say, u I can carry them in my
bosome : " nor was he by them otherwise respected.

There was deeply rooted in him a strong antipathy to all profanities,
whereof he was a faithful reprover, both in publick and in private ; and
when his reproofs prevailed not, he would " weep in secret places."

Drinking to excess, and mispence of precious time in tipling or talking
with vain persons, which he saw grown too common, was an evil so ex-
tremely offensive to him, that he would call it " sitting at meat, in an idol's
temple ; " and when he saw that vanity grow upon the more high profes-

20 History of Hingham.

sors of religion, it was yet more distasteful to him, who in his own beha-
viour was a great example of temperance.

Pride, expressed in a gaiety and bravery of apparel, would also cause
him with much compassion to address the young persons with whom he
saw it budding, and advise them to correct it, with more care to adorn
their souls with such things as were of great price before God : and here
likewise his own example joined handsomeness with gravity, and a moder-
ation that could not endure a show. But there was no sort of men from
whom he more turned away than those who, under a pretence of zeal for
church discipline, were very pragmatical in controversies, and furiously set
upon having all things carried their way, which they would call " the rule,"
but at the same time were most insipid creatures, destitute of the " life and
power of godliness," and perhaps unmoral in their conversations. To
these he would apply a saying of Mr. Cotton's, " that some men are all
church and no Christ."

He was a person that met with many temptations and afflictions, which
are better forgotten than remembered, but he was internally and is now
eternally a gainer by them. It is remarked of the Patriarch Jacob that
when he was a very old man, and much older than the most that lived after
him, he complained, 'l Few and evil have been the days of the years of
myJlife," in which complaint the few is explained by the evil. His days
were winter-days, and spent in the darkness of sore calamity. Winter-
days are twenty-four hours long as well as other days, yea, longer, if the
equation of time should be mathematically considered, yet we count them
the shorter days. Thus, although our Hobart lived unto old age, he might
call his days few, because they had been evil. But " mark this perfect
man, and behold this upright one ; for the end of this man was peace."
In the spring of the year 1G70, he was visited with a sickness that
seemed the " messenger of death ; " but it was his humble desire that, by
having his life prolonged a little further, he might see the education of
his own younger children perfected, and bestow more labour also upon the
conversion of the young people in his congregation. " I have travelled
in the ministry in this place thirty-five years, and might it please God so
far to lengthen out my days, as to make it up forty, I should not, I
think desire any more." Now, the Lord heard this desire of his praying
servant, and added no less than eight years more unto his days. The
most part of which time, except the last three-quarters of a year, he was
employed in the publick services of his ministry.

Being recovered from his illness, he proved that he did not flatter with
his lips in the vows that he had made for his recovery, for he now set
himself with great fervor to gather the children of his church under the
saving wings of the Lord Jesus Christ, and in order thereunto he preached
many pungent sermons on Eccl. xi. 9, 10, and Eccl. xii. 1, and used
many other successful endeavours.

Though his labours were not without success, yet the success was not so
general and notable but that he would complain, " Alas, for the barren-
ness of my ministry ! " And when he found his lungs decay by old age
and fever, he would clap his hands on his breast, and say, " The bellows are
burnt, the founder has melted in vain ! " At length, infirmities grew so
fast upon this painful servant of our Lord, that in the summer of the year
1678 he seemed apace drawing on to his end, but after some revivals he
again got abroad ; however, he seldom, if ever, preached after it, but only
administered the sacraments. In this time his humility, and consequently

Ecclesiastical History. 21

all the other graces which God gives unto the humble, grew exceedingly
and observably ; and hence he took delight in hearing the commendations
of other men, though sometimes they were so unwisely uttered as to carry
some diminutions unto himself, and he set himself particularly to put all
respect and' honour upon the ministers that came in the time of his weak-
ness to supply his place. After and under his confinement, the singing of
psalms was an exercise wherein he took a particular delight, saying,
" That it was the work of heaven, which he was willing to anticipate."
But about eight weeks before his expiration, he did with his aged hand
ordain a successor ; which, when he had performed with much solemnity,
he did afterwards with an assembly of ministers and other Christians at
his own house, joyfully sing the song of aged Simeon, " Thy servant now
lettest thou depart in peace." He had now " nothing to do but to die,"
and he spent his hours accordingly in assiduous preparations, not without
some dark intervals of temptation, but at last with "light arising in dark-
ness "unto him. While his exteriour was decaying, his interiour was re-
newing every day, until the twentieth day of January, 1678, when he
quietly and silently resigned his holy soul unto its faithful Creator.

EPITAPHIUM

D. PETRI HOBARTI.

Ossa sub hoc Saxo Latitant, defossa Sepulchro, Spiritus in Coelo,

carcere, missus agit.

Mr. Savage, the learned editor of " Winthrop's Journal," says
of this mention of Mr. Hobart in the " Magnalia " : —

" As usual, Mather proves his kindness more than his accuracy ; for he
speaks of Hobart as having been a minister at Haverhill, in England, and
without hesitation affirms that he was earnestly invited to return thither
after he had been here some years. Hobart's own journal does not en-
courage such a representation, and -all other old writings in our Hingham
uniformly claim the derivation of the pastor and flock from the village of
the same name in Norfolk. This is probably a mere blunder, for the
ecclesiastical historian, as he has sometimes been absurdly called, has
repeated correctly some things, — as that he was born in 1604 and died
January, 1678-9. Mather says he took ship in the summer of 1635,
when we know it was in April ; and he adds that, on arriving at Charles-
town, 'he found his desired relations got safe there before him.' But his
father had been here nearly two years, and two of his brothers, at least,
not less than one year, so that he, no doubt, had letters from them before
leaving home. From Mather, too, we might be in doubt whether he had
' four, or five ' sons in the ministry, though the author had certainly in-
quired of one of them. Such is the customary laxness of the ' Magnalia.' '

Rev. John Norton, the second minister, was born in Ipswich
about 1650, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1671, Chief-
Justice Sewall being one of his classmates. He was ordained
colleague pastor with Mr. Hobart, Nov. 27, 1678. Of Mr. Norton
little is known. His ministry seems to have been for the most
part quiet and peaceable. He is described as a man of amiable
character, fervent piety, and religious zeal, a faithful and beloved

22 History of Hingham.

pastor. Only one of his sermons was printed. This was an
Election Sermon, delivered on May 26, 1708. Judge Sewall
makes the following entry in his " Diary " : —

" Midweek, May 26, 1708. Mr. Jno. Norton preaches a Flattering
Sermon as to the Governour."

" May 27. I was with a Comittee in the morn, . . . and so by God's
good providence absent when Mr. Corwin and Cushing were order'd to
Thank Mr. Norton for his sermon and desire a Copy."

Praise of Governor Dudley was distasteful to Judge Sewall,
who was opposed to the policy of the Governor.

March 26, 1710, Judge Sewall " went to Hingham to Meeting,
heard Mr. Norton from Psal. cxlv. 18. Setting forth the Propi-
tiousness of God."

Mr. Norton died Oct. 3, 1716, in the sixty-sixth year of his age,
and the thirty-eighth year of his ministry.

It was during the ministrv of Mr. Norton that the first meeting-
house became too small for the growing town, and a second house
was erected.

The first meeting-house was built shortly after the gathering of
the church in 1635. It was on the main street, on a hill in front
of the present site of the Derby Academy. It was surrounded by
a palisade erected in 1645 " to prevent any danger that may come
into this town by any assault of the Indians," and was surmounted
by a belfry with a bell. Around it upon the slope of the hill the
dead were buried. The hill was removed in 1831, and the re-
mains, which were disinterred by the removal, were buried within
the old fort in the Hingham cemetery, and a monument erected
over them by the town, bearing the inscription " To the first set-
tlers of Hingham. Erected by the Town, 1839."

The first meeting-house was undoubtedly a rude structure, but
there are indications that it was not wholly without ornament.
For forty-five years it was the only house for public worship in
the town.

Jan. 19, 1679-80, the town agreed to build a new meeting-house
" with all convenient speed," and a committee was appointed to
view the meeting-houses of other towns, for the purpose of ascer-
taining the dimensions of a building necessary to accommodate the
inhabitants, and the probable expense. This committee were to
report to the town at the next town-meeting in May following.

May 3, 1680, the Selectmen were directed to " carry on the
business to effect about building a new meeting-house," and it
was voted " to have the new meeting-house set up in the place
where the old one doth now stand." On this last question the
Town Records give the names of thirty-four persons voting in the
affirmative, and eleven in the negative.

Aug. 11, 1680, the dimensions of the house were fixed by the
town as follows: length, 35 feet; breadth, 45 feet; and height

Ecclesiastical History. 23

of the posts " twenty, or one and twenty feet," with galleries on
one side and at both ends.

May 2, 1681, the town approved of the action of the Selectmen
in relation to the building of the new meeting-house, and the place
where it was to be set. Thirty-seven persons dissented from this
vote. These transactions were brought to the notice of the Gov-
ernor, and the authority of the magistrates interposed.

The following are copies of papers in the State archives : —

Boston, May 16th, 1681.

The Governor and Magistrates having considered the prsent motions
in Hingham relating to the placing of a New meeting house, and also
perceiving by Information of the Hond Wm- Stoughton and Joseph Dud-
ley Esq" who were desired to view the place of the present House (which
is judged to be inconvenient by them), do therefore hereby disallow of the
setting up of a New meeting house either in the old place or in the plaine.
And do further order that a new meeting of all persons in the Towne
who have right to vote in such cases be speedily ordered at which it may
be fairly voted where to place the new meeting house, and the Selectmen
are hereby required to make a speedy returne of the number of votes to
the Honrd Governor.

Jn°- Hull, pr order.

Superscribed to the Selectmen
of Hingham, to be communicated
to the Towne.

At a Towne meeting holden at Hingham on the 24th day of May, 1681,
Thomas Andrews was Chosen moderator of that meeting, and at the said
meeting the vote passed by papers, with seventy-three hands for the new
meeting house that is now building in Hingham to be set in the conve-
nientest place in Captaine Hobart's land, next or nearest to Samuell
Thaxter's house.

As Attest, Daniell Cushing, Towne Clarke.
26 May, 1681.

The magis*3 having Considered the Returne of the Selectmen of Hing-
ham in refferenc to the voate for setting the meeting house there, Doe
Approove of said vote and Judge meete, all Circumstances considered, that
the new meeting house be errected accordingly in the convenientest place
in Cap| Hubbards land neerest to Samuell Thaxters house.

Past by y" Council,

Edwd Rawson, Secre1-

And so, after a controversy of more than a year the location of
the new house was settled. Immediate measures were taken to
carry the votes of the town into effect. July 8, 1681, Capt.
Joshua Hobart conveyed to the town by deed of gift the site for
the meeting-house, which is the same upon which it now stands.

The frame of the meeting-house was raised on the 26th, 27th,
and 28th days of July, 1681, and it was opened for public wor-
ship Jan. 8, 1681-82. It cost the town £430 and the old house,

24 History of Hingham.

the necessary amount being raised by a rate which had been made
in October, 1680.

There is a tradition that the site for the house was fixed on
the Lower Plain, and that on the night preceding the day ap-
pointed for the raising of the frame it was carried to the spot
where the house now stands ; but there is no record of a vote of
the town fixing the site on the Plain, and the story does not have
a very plausible foundation.

After the death of Mr. Norton the parish was without a settled
minister for a period of twenty months. During this interval
Mr. Samuel Fisk and Mr. Thomas Prince were invited to take
the office, but neither accepted the invitation. Towards the latter
part of the year 1717 Mr. Ebenezer Gay preached as a candidate,
and on Dec. 30, 1717, the church and congregation by their unani-
mous votes invited him to become their minister. Mr. Gay ac-
cepted the invitation, and was ordained June 11, 1718.

Mr. Gay was born in Dedham, Aug. 26, 1696. l He was gradu-
ated from Harvard College in 1714, being one of a class of eleven
members, of whom four were from Hingham.

At less than twenty -two years of age this remarkable man be-
gan his ministry here. " He was a burning and a shining light,"
and this people did " rejoice in his light for a season ; " his min-
istry falling short, by a few months only, of seventy years. He
died on Sunday morning, March 8, 1787, when he was preparing
for the services of the day, in the 91st year of his age. He re-
ceived the degree of S. T. D. from Harvard College in 1785.

MEMOIR OF THE REV. DR. GAY.
BY SOLOMON LINCOLN.

The Rev. Dr. Gay was the third minister of this my native town, and
of the parish in which I was born and nurtured. Though he had passed
away before I came upon the stage, I have had a good opportunity of
exploring the best sources of information concerning him, and of gather-
ing many traditionary reminiscences illustrative of his character.

Dr. Gay outlived two generations of his parishioners ; and not one
of those who was a member of the parish at the time of his birth, was
living at his decease. Nor can I ascertain that a single individual who
was an acting member at the time of his ordination survived him. More
than three fourths of a century has elapsed since his decease, yet his mem-
ory is preserved fresh in the traditions of the generations who knew him
long and well. I have known many persons who recollected him in his
old a"e.

He was of about the middle size, of dignified and patriarchal appear-
ance, and, if we can judge of his features as delineated by the pencil of
Hazlitt, they were not particularly handsome. He had, however, in the
recollection of those who knew him, a grave, yet benignant expression of

1 August 15, 1606. — Dedham Records.

A.

§Gw-

C'j-

Ecclesiastical History. 25

countenance. Those who loved him held him in such affection and rev-
erence that they would not admit that Hazlitt's portrait was not a beauti-
ful picture.

The Hon. Alden Bradford, in his Historical Sketch of Harvard Uni-
versity, published in the American Quarterly Register, in May, 1837,
states that he recollected seeing three venerable and learned men, — Dr.
Gay, Dr. Chauncy, and Dr. Appleton, — pass through the college yard
to the Library. " Dr. Gay and Dr. Chauncy were on a visit to Dr. Ap-
pleton, and they walked up to the chapel together, two being nearly ninety
years old, and the other, Dr. Chauncy, about eighty-three. It excited
great attention at the time." Great intimacy existed between these three
patriarchs during their long and useful lives. Chauncy and Gay died
in the same year. Appleton 's death took place about three years earlier.
At the ordination of Mr. (afterwards Dr.) Simeon Howard, as pastor of
the West Church, in Boston, Dr. Chauncy preached the Sermon, Dr.
Gay gave the Charge, and Dr. Appleton presented the Fellowship of the
Churches. They were often associated in similar services.

The earliest sermon of Dr. Gay's which was printed was delivered at
the ordination of Rev. Joseph Green, at Barnstable, from Acts xiv. 15, —
" We are also men of like passions with you," — which was much ad-
mired for its wise lessons, seasonable admonitions, and moving exhorta-
tions. His classmate (Foxcroft) accompanied its publication with a
Prefatory Address "To the Reader," commending the sermon in the most
affectionate terms. Towards the close of this most impressive discourse,
we find the following passages in Dr. Gay's peculiar vein. Speaking of
the candidate for ordination, Joseph Green, he says : " We trust that he
will be a Joseph unto his Brethren, whom he is to feed with the Bread
of Life, and that God sendeth him here to preserve their Souls from
Perishing. The Lord make him a. fruitful Bough, even a fruitful Bough
by a well, grafted into the Tree of Life, and always Green, and flourish-
ing in the Courts of our God."

Dr. Gay was remarkable in the selection and application of the texts of
his sermons. Having for a long time been unsuccessful in procuring a
well of water on his homestead, he introduced the subject into his prayers,
and also preached a sermon from Num. xxi. 17, "Then Israel sang
this song, Spring up, O well, sing ye unto it." In 1728 he delivered a
lecture in his own pulpit " to bring Lot's wife to remembrance," from the
text in Luke xvii. 32, " Remember Lot's wife," and entitled this very
able and interesting lecture, " A Pillar of Salt to Season a Corrupt Age."
The text of his sermon preached at the instalment of the Rev. Ezra Car-
penter, at Keene, in 1753, was from Zech. ii. 1, "I lift up mine eyes
again, and looked, and behold a man with a measuring line in his hand."

Whatever may have been the theological views entertained by Dr. Gay
in the early part of his ministry, it is well understood that he sympathized
with the spirit of free inquiry, which gradually wrought a change in the
opinions of many eminent divines, commencing about the middle of the
last century.

In his Convention Sermon of 1746, he attributes dissensions among the
clergy to " ministers so often choosing to insist upon the offensive pecu-
liarities of the party they had espoused, rather than upon the more mighty
things in which we are all agreed."

He was opposed to creeds, or written Articles of Faith, proposed by
men. He thus expresses himself, in 1751, in his sermon at the ordina-

26 History of Hingham.

tion of Rev. Jonathan Dorby, at Scituate : " And 'tis pity any man, at his
entrance into the ministry, should, in his ordination vows, get a snare to
his soul by subscribing, or any ways engaging to preach according to an-
other rule of faith, creed, or confession, which is merely of human prescrip-
tion or imposition."

He was a warm friend of the celebrated Dr. Mayhew, of Boston, whose
biograpber thinks tbe latter was indebted to Dr. Gay for the adoption of
the " liberal and rational views " which he embraced.

President John Adams, in a letter to Dr. Morse, dated May 15, 1815,
remarks as follows : '• Sixty years ago my own minister, Rev. Lemuel
Bryant, Dr. Jonathan Mayhew, of the West Church, in Boston, Rev. Mr.
Shute, of Hingham, Rev. John Brown, of Cohasset, and perhaps equal to
all, if not above all, Rev. Dr. Gay, of Hingham, were Unitarians."

By some, who fully understand the position of Dr. Gay after the mid-
dle of the last century, he has been claimed to have been the father of
American Unitarianism. This must be conceded, that his discourses will
be searched in vain, after that point of time, for any discussions of contro-
versial theology, any advocacy of the peculiar doctrine regarded as ortho-
dox, or the expression of any opinions at variance with those of his
distinguished successor in the same joulpit, the Rev. Dr. Ware.

But I cannot leave Dr. Gay without adverting to his political opinions,
for our traditionary information concerning them finely illustrates his char-
acter. He was opposed to the measures which preceded the American
Revolution and Declaration of Independence. His sympathies were not
with the Whigs. Yet, such was his discretion that he maintained his po-
sition at the head of fa large and intelligent parish, comprising all shades
of political opinion, but in the main Whigs, without alienating the affec-
tion of his people or impairing his usefulness. On one occasion he and
his friend and neighbor, Dr. Shute, who was an ardent Whig, were in-
vited to address the people in town-meeting on a political question, and
they both succeeded so well that the town gave them a vote of thanks.
Still, Dr. Gay's political sentiments were well understood, and were a
cause of occasional uneasiness among his parishioners during the period of
the Revolution. We have this anecdote from an authentic source : It
was a part of the duty of the Committee of Correspondence, Inspection,
and Safety to call upon suspected citizens, and those known to be loyalists,
to demand a search for arms. It was proposed that the Committee should
call upon Dr. Gay and demand his arms, probably not because they sup-
posed he had any of which he would make improper use against the new
government, but because the opportunity was a good one to give him a
sort of official admonition that he held obnoxious sentiments, in which
some of the most influential of his people did not share. That the thing
to be done was a little aggravating did not take away the zest of doing it ;
it would have been ungenerous also, had there not been a very perfect
accord between Dr. Gay and his parish, as pastor and people, on all sub-
jects save politics. The Committee presented themselves before the Doc-
tor, who received them in his study, standing, and with entire calmness
and dignity, when he inquired of them, " What do you wish with me,
gentlemen ? "

"We have come, sir, in accordance with our duty as the Committee of
Safety, to ask you what arms you have in the house."

He looked at them kindly, perhaps a little reproachfully, for a moment
or two before answering, and then said, laying his hand upon a large

Ecclesiastical History. 27

Bible on the table by which he stood, " There, my friends, are my arms,
and I trust to find them ever sufficient for me."

The Committee retired with some precipitation, discomfited by the
dignified manner and implied rebuke of Dr. Gay, and the chairman was
heard to say to his associates, as they passed out of the yard, "The old
gentleman is always ready."

Notwithstanding the political opinions entertained by Dr. Gay, he found
among the clergy who held opposite views his most ardent friends. The
intercourse between him and the Rev. Dr. Shute, of the Second Parish,
who was a zealous Whig, was of the most friendly character, and he was
on excellent terms with Mr. Smith, of Weymouth, the father of Mrs. John
Adams, and Mr. Brown of Cohasset, who, at one time was chaplain to the
troops in Nova Scotia, before the Revolution.

Dr. Gay's son, Jotham Gay, was a captain in the same department.
The Doctor, in writing to Mr. Brown, says, " I wish you may visit Jotham
and minister good instruction to him and his company, and furnish him
with suitable sermons in print, or in your own very legible, if not very
intelligible manuscripts, to read to his men, who are without a preacher, —
in the room of one, constitute Jotham curate."

I *Mnk I may safely say that New England could boast of few minis-
ters during the last century who exerted a wider influence than Dr. Gay.

Many amusing and characteristic anecdotes are told of Dr. Gay.
The following will illustrate his ready wit and humor.

During the Revolutionarv War, a little before the time of the
annual Thanksgiving, and when it was generally expected that
there would be a great deficiency of the foreign fruits, as raisins,
currants, etc., with which that festival had abounded, several Eng-
lish vessels laden with those productions were driven by a storm
upon our coast, captured, and brought into Boston. Dr. Gay, who
was considered a prudent loyalist, was accustomed on Thanksgiv-
ing Days to make mention in his prayer of the special blessings
of the year. Such a token of Divine favor did not escape without
due notice. Accordingly, in his Thanksgiving prayer, he grate-
fully acknowledged the unexpected bounty somewhat after this
sort : " Oh Lord, who art the infinite Disposer of all things, who
rulest the winds and the waves according to thy own good pleas-
ure, we devoutly thank thee for the gracious interposition of thy
Providence in wafting upon our shores so many of thy rich boun-
ties, to make glad the dwellings of thy people on this joyful oc-
casion." Shortly after its occurrence, some one repeated the
Doctor's ejaculation to Samuel Adams, who, with his usual
promptness and decision, exclaimed, " That is trimming with the
Almighty."

Dr. Gay had, for some time, missed the hay from his barn, and
was satisfied that it was stolen. With a view to detect the thief,
Dr. Gay took a dark lantern and stationed himself near his barn.
In due time a person whom he knew passed along into the barn,
and quickly came out with as large a load of hay as he could
carry upon his back. The Doctor, without saying a word, fol-

28 History of Hingham.

lowed the thief took the candle out of his dark lantern, stuck
it into the bundle of hay, and then retreated. In a moment the
hay was in a light blaze, and the fellow, throwing it from him
in utter consternation, ran away from his perishing booty. The
Doctor kept the affair a secret, even from his own family, and
within a day or two the thief came to him in great agitation,
and told him he wished to confess to him a grievous sin, —
that he had been tempted to steal some of his hay, and as he
was carrying it away the Almighty was so angry with him
that he had sent fire from heaven, and set it to blazing upon
his back. The Doctor agreed to forgive him on condition of his
never repeating the offence.

A young minister having preached his first sermon in Dr.
Gay's pulpit, and having, as he thought, done it with considerable
eloquence, was anxious to obtain the approbation of his learned
brother. "Tell me sincerely what you think of this first effort
of mine." " I think it sensible and well written," replied Dr.
Gay, " but another text would have been more appropriate."
" What would you have selected, sir?" "When you preach it
again, I would advise you to prefix this text, ' Alas, master, for
it was borrowed.' "

On one occasion Dr. Barnes, of Scituate, preached for Dr. Gay,
when he was at home to hear him. The manner of Dr. Barnes
was exceedingly drawling, and when the services were concluded,
and the two clergymen were on their way home, Dr. Gay said : "Dr.
Barnes, your discourse was excellent, but you spoil all you say by
your manner. Your method of drawling out your words is so in-
tolerable that you put nearly all my people to sleep." To which
frank testimony Dr. Barnes then and there made no reply. Now
it happened that Dr. Gay had an unusually large mouth. In the
afternoon Dr. Barnes again occupied the sacred desk, and after
going through the preliminary services, — putting the congrega-
tion, as usual, to sleep in the long prayer, he came to the sermon.
" My text, my brethren," he said, " may be found in the eleventh
verse of the fourth chapter of the Book of Exodus, and is in
these words," — he paused, and looking down over the high pul-
pit into the pew of Dr. Gay beneath, and upon the very top of
Dr. Gay's head, he proceeded with a drawl more pronounced than
ever, but with a manner most emphatic, " in these words : ' Who
— hath — made — man's — mouth.'' Dr. Gay had no occasion
then to complain of the drowsiness of his congregation, for they
all woke up and audibly tittered.

The old Arminian and Calvinistic clergy, ere the bitter contro-
versy broke out, used to meet and criticise, in a friendly way, each
other's theology. In the same association met Dr. Gay and Dr.
Dunbar, — the former representing Arminianism, the latter Cal-
vinism. It fell to the lot of Dr. Dunbar to preach before the As-
sociation. He felt moved to be very positive, and make a very
distinct enunciation of Calvinism. With each of the five points

Ecclesiastical History. 29

he would bring down his fist upon the desk, with the exclamation,
" This is the gospel ! " First, total depravity was depicted, with
the emphatic endorsement, iC This is the gospel ! " Then election
and reprobation, then irresistible grace, then effectual calling, and
so on to the end ; and under each a tremendous sledge blow on
the pulpit, with " This is the gospel ! ': After service the minis-
ters met, and each in turn was asked by the moderator to give
his views of the sermon. Dr. Gay had a sly, genial humor,
which diffused good-nature through the clerical body he belonged
to, and kept out of it the theological odium. His turn came to
criticise the sermon, and he delivered himself in this way : —

"The sermon reminded me of the earliest efforts at painting.
When the art was in its infancy, and the first rude drawings were
made, they wrote the name of an animal under the figure which
was drawn, so that the people could be sure to identify it. Under
one rude figure you would see written, ' This is a horse ; ' under
another, ' This is an ox ; ' and so on. When the art is perfected
a little, this becomes unnecessary, and the animal is recognized
without the underscript, I am greatly obliged to my brother
Dunbar, in this infancy of the art, that he helped me in this way
to identify the gospel. As I followed him through the five fig-
ures which he sketched for us, I must confess that unless he had
written under each one of them, in large letters, ' This is the gos-
pel ! ' I never should have known it."

The following is from an article in the Massachusetts Gazette,
shortly after his decease : —

" His prudent and obliging conduct rendered him amiable and beloved
as a neighbour. His tender feelings for the distressed induced him to
afford relief to the poor, according to his ability. His beneficent actions
indicated the practical sense he had of the Lord's own words, ' It is more
blessed to give than to receive.' The serenity of his mind and even-
ness of his temper, under the infirmities of advanced years, made him
agreeable to his friends, and continued to the last the happiness which
had so long subsisted in his family; in which he always presided with
great tenderness and dignity."

Dr. Gay retained his mental faculties in a remarkable degree
of vis;or to the very close of his life. In his celebrated sermon,
entitled " The Old Man's Calendar," delivered Aug. 26, 1781,
from the text, " And now, lo, I am this day fourscore and five
years old" (Joshua xiv. 10), in speaking of his parishioners he
says, " I retain a grateful sense of the kindness (injuries I re-
member none) which I have received from them." This ser-
mon was reprinted in England, translated into the Dutch language
and published in Holland, and several editions were published
in this country.

In a note attached to Rev. Peter Hobart's Diary, written by
Nehemiah Hobart, we read : —

30 History of Hingham.

" The Revd Mr. Gay, the third pastor of the town, gave us an excel-
lent sermon, Sept. 17th, 1735, on the conclusion of the first century, from
1 Chron. xxix. 15."

It was during the ministry of Dr. Gay that the East, or Second,
Precinct was formed and a church established at Conohasset (now
Cohasset).

In 1713 the proprietors of the undivided lands of Hingham
gave their consent to the erection of a meeting-house by the in-
habitants of Conohasset " on that land called the Plain."

At a town-meeting, March 7, 1714-15, the inhabitants of Cono-
hasset " desired the town that they would be pleased to give their
consent that they might be made a precinct, or that they might
be allowed something out of the town treasury to help to main-
tain the worship of God amongst them, or that they might be
abated that which they pay to the minister to maintain the wor-
ship of God at the Town ; and the vote of the town passed in the
negative concerning all the forementioned particulars."

This petition having been rejected, the inhabitants of Cono-
hasset presented their case to the General Court, but the inhabit-
ants of Hingham opposed their petition and a committee was
chosen " to give answer to it " at the General Court in June,
1715.

In July, 1715, the town voted to remit to the inhabitants of
Conohasset their ministerial taxes, on condition " that they pro-
vide an orthodox minister among themselves, provided they cheer-
fully accept of the same ; " but the reply was made " that they
could not cheerfully accept thereof."

In September, 1715, the town voted to reimburse to the inhab-
itants of Conohasset, or to those who should afterwards inhabit
the first and second divisions of Conohasset uplands and the sec-
ond part of the Third Division, all their ministerial and school
taxes so long as they should maintain an orthodox minister among
themselves, but this did not give satisfaction ; and in March,
1715-16, the town voted to remit to them their ministerial and
school taxes for that year, but even this was not satisfactory.

In November, 1716, a committee was chosen by the town to
oppose the petition of the inhabitants of Conohasset before the
General Court, and again in 1716-17 the town defeated a motion
looking to an agreement with the inhabitants of Conohasset about
a precinct.

In May, 1717, a committee was appointed by the town to meet
the committee of the General Court appointed to view the " lands
and dwellings of the inhabitants of Conohasset [or Little Hing-
ham, as it was also called], to see if it be convenient to make
them a precinct;" and about this time the desired privileges of a
separate parish, for which so long an effort had been made, were
obtained, a house of worship was erected, and soon after a minis-
ter was settled.

Ecclesiastical History. 31

In consequence of the creation of the Second Precinct, the re-
maining inhabitants of Hingham, not included within the limits
of Conohasset, composed the First Parish or Precinct, and or-
ganized as such, March 6, 1720-21, succeeding to the parochial
rights of the town.

Still another church was formed within the original limits of
Hingham during the ministry of Dr. Gay. A meeting-house was
erected at what is now South Hingham in 1712. This parish was
set off March 25, 1745-46. This church was the " Third Church "
until the establishment of Cohasset as a separate town in 1770,
since which time it has been styled the " Second Church."

The second and third churches were not formed as separate
organizations without the earnest protests of the parent church.
Perhaps, like a fond mother, she could not bear the thought of
trusting her children alone, separated from her protecting influ-
ence. But she could not restrain or control the independent de-
termination of her children, and, in spite of all her opposition,
they forced her to accede to their wishes.

Undoubtedly this sentimental view had much influence, but our
ancestors were in a great degree matter-of-fact people, and there
was a practical side to this opposition to the foundation of new
parishes, which had more weight than any sentiment. All real
estate within the territorial limits of a parish was in those days
taxable for the support of preaching. Much of the real estate
lying within the limits of the proposed Conohasset and South
Parishes was originally granted to residents of the more thickly
settled portion of the town, and had been inherited or purchased
by those who would still remain residents of the First Parish ; and
naturally enough there was strong objection to being taxed for the
support of preaching in parishes from which no direct benefit
would be derived.

The fourth minister of the First Parish was Rev. Henry Ware.
He was born in Sherborn, Mass., April 1, 1764, was graduated at
Harvard College in 1785, and was ordained minister of the church
and congregation Oct. 24, 1787. In 1805 he was chosen Hollis
Professor of Divinity in Harvard University, and his request for
a dismissal from his pastorate was granted. He delivered his
valedictory discourse May 5, 1805, in the eighteenth year of his
ministry. In 1806 he received the degree of S. T. D. from Har-
vard College. Dr. Ware died July 12, 1845. He was a man of
liberal views, admirably adapted to follow up the sentiments of
Dr. Gay in religious matters, of logical mind, sound judgment,
and large attainments.

After the close of Dr. Ware's ministry, several candidates were
heard. A majority of the Parish preferred Rev. Joseph Richard-
son, and he was invited to become the minister. The call was not

32 History of Hingham.

unanimous. " Behold, there ariseth a little cloud, like a man's
hand," and soon "the heaven was black with clouds and wind,
and there was a great rain." There was great disaffection on
the part of a large minority, and an eventual separation of those
opposed to Mr. Richardson's settlement. The controversy has
been described as the second " sad, unbrotherly contention " in
the town ; and it is certainly to be regretted that a more con-
ciliatory spirit was not shown on both sides. At this distant
day, more than three quarters of a century after this unfortunate
event, we may look calmly and without prejudice upon the jeal-
ousies and unwise actions of our ancestors. Whether the differ-
ing sentiments and opinions of the members of the parish
upon matters not pertaining to their spiritual welfare would have
ultimately found some other cause for dissension, or whether the
season was already ripe for action, of course, it is impossible to
say. History, however, deals with facts and not opinions, and
the statement of the cause of this unhappy difference must be
confined to the fact that a large number of the members of the
church and congregation found it impossible to continue their
connection with their ancestral religious home under the minis-
trations of Mr. Richardson. The result was the formation of the
" Third Congregational Society," which was incorporated Feb. 27,
1807. The effects of this separation were of long continued dura-
tion. The harmony of the town was disturbed in consequence of
it. Happily the olive branch of peace was long since held out
and accepted and we may well hope that the words of Scripture
may find in this town no verification in " visiting the iniquity of
the fathers upon the children, and upon the children's children,
unto the third and to the fourth generation."

Rev. Joseph Richardson, the fifth minister, was born in Bille-
rica, Feb. 1, 1778. He was graduated at Dartmouth College in
1802, and was ordained pastor July 2, 1806. During his ministry
he filled various public offices. He was a member of the conven-
tion for the revision of the State Constitution, in 1820-21. He
was a member, by repeated elections, of the Senate and House of
Representatives of Massachusetts, and was elected to Congress
for the term commencing March 4, 1827, and was re-elected for
the term commencing March 4, 1829. He continued to per-
form his parochial duties until the spring of 1855, when, on ac-
count of increasing infirmities of age, his active ministry ceased,
and Rev. Calvin Lincoln was, with Mr. Richardson's consent and
approval, settled as associate pastor. Mr. Richardson's official
connection with the parish ended with his death, Sept. 25, 1871,
in the ninety-fourth year of his age, and the sixty-sixth of his
ministry. Appropriate services were held in commemoration of
the completion of the fiftieth year of his ministry, on which occa-
sion Mr. Richardson delivered a discourse ; and on Feb. 1, 1863, a
sermon prepared by him was read by the associate pastor, from
the text, " And now, lo, I am this day fourscore and five years

Ecclesiastical History. 33

old," (Josh. xiv. 10), — the same as that selected by Dr. Gay as
the text for his " Old Man's Calendar," preached at the same age
from the same pulpit.

When about to build his house in Hingham, Mr. Richardson
stipulated with the workmen that at the " raising," and during the
building, no liquor should be used, as was the custom, agreeing
to pay as much additional money as the cost of the liquor would
amount to. From this incident he is spoken of by some as the
" original prohibitionist " of the town.

Rev. Calvin Lincoln, the sixth minister, was a native of Hing-
ham, and was born Oct. 27, 1799. He was graduated at Harvard
College in 1820, was ordained over the First Parish in Fitchburg
June 30, 1824. His pastoral connection was dissolved in Fitch-
burg May 5, 1855, and he was inducted as associate pastor of
the First Parish in Hingham May 27, 1855. After the death of
Mr. Richardson, Mr. Lincoln continued as sole pastor until his
death, except during the three years 1877 to 1880, when Rev.
Edward A. Horton was associate pastor with him.

Mr. Lincoln was a close student, and although he cannot be
considered a brilliant pulpit orator, his preaching was marked by
sound common-sense, and at times, especially in extempore
speaking, he seemed to pour out his whole soul in the earnestness
of his appeals. He was not inclined to controversy upon new
theological questions, preferring to consider many points as already
settled beyond dispute, but he nevertheless kept himself well in-
formed upon all the signs of the times in which he lived. He was
a welcome friend to all the denominations in the town, and few of
our ministers have possessed in as great a degree as Mr. Lincoln
the respect of the people of Hingham, without distinction.

Mr. Lincoln died Sept. 11, 1881, in the eighty-second year of
his age, and the twenty-seventh of his ministry here. On Thurs-
day, Sept. 8, 1881, the day appointed by the Governor for prayers
for President Garfield, Mr. Lincoln, standing in front of the pul-
pit in the meeting-house, and while in the act of praying for the
recovery of the wounded president, was stricken with paralysis,
and died on the following Sunday morning.

Rev. Edward A. Horton, the seventh minister, was born in
Springfield, Mass., Sept. 28, 1843. He was ordained at Leomin-
ster Oct. 1, 1868, where his pastoral connection was dissolved
Oct. 1, 1875. He was installed as associate pastor of this parish
April 25, 1877. His pastoral connection was dissolved May 3,
1880, and he was installed pastor of the Second Church, Boston,
May 24, 1880.

Rev. H. Price Collier, the eighth minister, was born in Daven-
port, Iowa, May 25, 1860. He was graduated at the Harvard
Divinity School in 1882, and was ordained minister of this parish

VOL. I. — 3*

34

History of Hingham.

Sept. 29, 1882. He resigned his pastorate Nov. 1, 1888, to accept
a call from the " Church of the Savior," Brooklyn, N. Y.

March 10, 1890, the parish voted to invite Mr. Eugene R.
Shippen, who was graduated at Harvard College in 1887 and
at the Harvard Divinity School in 1890, but the invitation was
not accepted.

Rev. John W. Day, the ninth and present minister was born
in Woburn, Mass., June 13, 1861. He studied theology at the
Meadville Theological School in 1881-82 and afterwards at the
Harvard Divinity School, where he was graduated in 1885. He
was ordained at Newport, Jan. 6, 1886, as minister of the Chan-
ning Memorial Church, and remained there until 1887. From
1887 until 1890 he was minister of the First Unitarian Society of
Ithaca, N. Y. Oct. 1, 1890, he became minister of this parish,
the services of installation taking place Oct. 8, 1890.

Deacons of the Church of the First Parish.

Henry Smith

. chosen Jan. 29,

1640.

Remove

d to Rehoboth

Ralph Woodward

1 1

t< (i

t i

d. 1663

Thomas Loring .

. d.

1661

Thomas Thaxter

. d.

1651

Matthew Cashing

. . d.

1660 .

set.

71 yrs.

John Fearing

. d.

1665

John Leavitt .

. d.

1691 ,

set.

S3 yrs. ]

Were the deacoDs when
. the new meetiDg-house

John Smith

. d.

1695

i

was erected.

David Hobart

. d.

1717 .

set.

66 yrs.

Benjamin Lincoln

. d.

1727 .

set.

55 yrs.

Peter Jacob .

. d.

1753 .

set.

86 yrs.

Joshua Mersey •

. d.

1740 .

set.

63 yrs.

Solomon Cushing

. . d.

1769 .

set.

77 yrs.

Chosen before 1737.

Thomas Andrews

. d.

1781 .

set.

86 yrs.

Josiah Lincoln

. d.

1774 .

set.

74 yrs.

Joshua Hersey .

. d.

1784 .

set.

80 yrs.

Succeeded his father.

Benjamin Lincoln ((

3en.) d.

1810 .

set.

.77 yrs. )

Joseph Thaxter .

. d.

1808 .

set.

85 vrs. >

Chosen Feb. 15, 1769.

Benjamin Cushing

. d.

1812 .

set.

87 yrs. )

Tsaac Cushing

. d.

1815 .

set.

69 vrs.

Thomas Fearing

. d.

1820 .

set.

70 yrs.

William Cushing

. d.

1848 . .

set.

94 yrs.

Succeeded his father.

Caleb Hobart * . .

. d.

1846 .

set.

92 yrs.

David Lincoln

. d.

1825 .

set.

59 yrs.

Nehemiah Ripley

. d.

1863 . .

set.

83 yrs.

Caleb Hobart . .

. d.

1865 . .

set.

82 yrs.

Succeeded his father

* Succeeded Dea. Wui. disking.

Originally a Puritan church, under the influence of Dr. Gay,
with his spirit for free inquiry, the opinions of the people became
less and less Calvinistic. The Trinitaran became Unitarian. It
cannot be said that there was any fixed date of this change ; it was
gradual. When the Unitarians were acknowledged as a denom-
ination, this parish was confessedly Unitarian and has continued
as such to the present time. The same is true of the Cohasset
and Second parishes already referred to. The Third Congrega-
tional Society is also of the Unitarian denomination. There was

Ecclesiastical History.

35

not in this town any division of the churches on denominational
lines, as was common in other places in the latter part of the last
century.

The meeting-house of the First Parish, or the " Old Meeting-
house" as it is now called, was built in 1681. Parts of the first
meeting-house were used in the construction of the new one. Its
antiquity makes it one of the principal objects of interest in
Hingham. No house for public worship exists within the original
limits of the United States, which continues to be used for the

OLD MEETING-HOUSE PULPIT, HINGHAM.

purpose for which it was erected, and remaining on the same site
where it was built, which is so old as the meeting-house of the
First Parish in Hingham.

In 1730 it was enlarged, and again enlarged in 1755. In the
latter year the present pulpit was built and placed nearly in its
present position. Dr. Gay preached from it for the first time
after it was built from Nehemiah viii. 4 : " And Ezra the scribe
stood upon a pulpit of wood which they had made for the pur-
pose." In the same year the first pews were built, viz. : two rows
of square pews all around the house, excepting the spaces occu-
pied by the pulpit and the aisles leading from the porches. There
was a pew in front of the pulpit known as the elders' pew or seat,
and an enclosed seat or pew in front of the elders' pew, facing

36 History of Hingham.

the broad aisle, for the deacons. The two latter pews were re-
moved in 1828. The central space or body of the house was oc-
cupied by long oaken seats for the occupancy of males on one
side of the broad aisle and of females on the other. These seats
were removed from time to time, until the whole space was cov-
ered by pews. In 1799 five pews were built in the front of ench
side gallery, and in 1804 the same number in the rear of those
first built, making twenty in all. At subsequent dates all the
side gallery pews were removed and new pews built in their
places, viz. : eight in the eastern gallery in 1854, the same num-
ber in the western gallery in 1855, and in 1857 four were built in
the eastern, and four in the western, galleries. In 1859 four pews
were built in the front gallery, and in 1868 four more had been
built in the same gallery.

In 1822 stoves were introduced for the purpose of heating the
house.

In 1869 the present new pews were built on the floor of the
house, furnaces were introduced, and extensive repairs were made.

On the occasion of the reopening of the meeting-house, Sept. 8,
1869, appropriate services were held to commemorate the event.

In 1867 an organ was placed in the front gallery. Previously
to this date for many years the choir had been accompanied by a
flute, bass-viol, and other instruments at various times. In 1869,
at the time of the general repairs, the location of the organ was
changed to the platform on the easterly side of the pulpit, and in
1870 a new and larger organ was purchased. It is the one now
in use.

The parish seal was adopted in 1869. It consists of a picture
of the meeting-house in the centre, surrounded by an ornamental
circular border, which is encircled by another, leaving a space
between the two in which is the following : —

"LET THE WORK OF OUR FATHERS STAND, — 1681."

In 1870 the Parish received from Hon. Albert Fearing the gift
of a lot of land adjoining its other land on the southerly side,
" being a part of the land granted to Robert Peck, Teacher of the
First Church in Hingham, in the year 1638," as the deed of the
same recites.

Aug. 8, 1881, very interesting and impressive exercises were
held in the meeting-house in commemoration of the 200th anni-
versary of the building of the house. Mr. Charles Eliot Norton,
a lineal descendant of the second minister, during whose ministry
it was built, delivered the principal address. At this time a tab-
let of brass, set in mahogany, was placed upon the wall on the
westerly side of the pulpit, containing a list of the ministers, and
a statement relating to the building of the meeting-house.

Jan. 8, 1882, a discourse was delivered by Rev. Edward A. Hor-
ton, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the opening of
the meeting-house for public worship.

Ecclesiastical History.

37

The Parish House, which stands on Main Street, nearly opposite
the meeting-house was completed and dedicated March 20, 1891.

There being no vestry room or chapel connected with the
meeting-house, the need had long been felt of a suitable building
for the uses of the Sunday-school and other purposes connected
with the religious and charitable work and social life of the
parish. For fifteen or twenty years efforts had been made by
those interested, with good success, to accumulate a fund suffi-
cient for the erection of such a building. The Ladies' Benevolent
Society connected with the parish, by means of fairs and enter-
tainments, made substantial contributions to this fund ; Rev.
Calvin Lincoln, by his will, left to the parish a sum of money
which could be used for the purpose ; these with other amounts
being invested from time to time increased by the accumulations
of interest ; money was subscribed for the purchase of the lot ;
and in due time this Parish House was built. Peabody & Stearns
were the architects.

SECOND PARISH (COHASSET).

»_^ The difficulties at-

tending the formation
of this parish have al-
ready been stated.

In what year a meet-
ing-house was erected
in Conohasset does not
appear by the records.
It was probably in 1713,
possibly not until after
1717, but certainly be-
fore 1721. Probably
there was preaching in
it before the settlement
of the first pastor. Its
dimensions were thirty-
five by twenty-five feet,
and it was situated on
the Plain a little to the
south of the present
house. May 14, 1713,
it was voted " that the proprietors of the undivided lands give
their consent to the inhabitants of Conohasset to erect a meeting-
house on that land called ' The Plain.' "

Many facts relating to the history of the Second Parish may be
obtained from the valuable and interesting discourses delivered by
the Rev. Jacob Flint, on the completion of the first century of its
existence.

COHASSET MEETING-HOUSE.

38 History of Hingham.

Mr. Nehemiah Hobart, a grandson of the Rev. Peter Hobart,
the first minister of Hingham, preached as a candidate from July
13 to Dec. 13, 1721, on which day he was ordained pastor, the
church having been organized the day previous.

After his ordination, Mr. Hobart wrote in his book of records: —

" O my soul, never dare to forget that day and the solemn charge I re-
ceived therefrom, but be mindful of 2 Tim. iv. 1, 2, — the preacher's text,
— that at the last day I may be able to say as in Acts xx. 26, 27. ' I take
you to record this day, that I am pure from the blood of all men, for I
have not shunned to declare unto you all the counsel of God.' "

The new society was weak in numbers, and their meeting-
house was built in accordance with their means. It was small
and plain.

At the formation of the church, Mr. Hobart drew up a covenant
ending in these words : —

" We do, in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, in the presence of God
and the holy angels, explicitly and expressly covenant and bind ourselves
in manner and form following, namely : We do give up ourselves to God,
whose name alone is Jehovah, Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. To God
the Father, as our chief and only good ; and unto our Lord Jesus Christ,
as our prophet, priest, and king, and only Mediator of the covenant of
grace ; and unto the Spirit of God, as our only sanctifier and comforter.
And we do give up ourselves one unto another in the Lord, covenanting
and promising to walk together as a church of Christ, in all ways, of his
own institution, according to the prescriptions of his holy word, promis-
ing that with all tenderness and brotherly love, we will, with all faithful-
ness, watch over each other's souls, and that we will freely yield up our-
selves to the discipline and power of Christ in his church, and attend
whatever ordinances Christ hath appointed and declared in his word ; and
wherein we fail and come short of duty, to wait upon him for pardon and
remission, beseeching him to make our spirits steadfast in his covenant,
and to own us as his church and covenant peojJe forever. Amen."

Rev. Nehemiah Hobart was born in Hingham, April 27, 1697,
and was graduated at Harvard College in 1714, in the same class
with Rev. Ebenezer Gay.

In the call, settlement, and ministry of Mr. Hobart there was
perfect harmony. There seems to have been no opposition to him
on the part of any one in the parish. He was a " truly devout,
enlightened, and liberal divine." Between him and his neighbor,
Dr. Gay, there was a warm sympathy and affection. He died
May 31, 1740, in the forty-fourth year of his age, and the nine-
teenth of his ministry, much lamented by his people.

The parish, says Mr. Flint, " lost no time, after the death of Mr.
Hobart, before they took measures suitable to fill his place with an-
other well-educated and respectable pastor ; . . . but they did not
immediately find one in whom they could unite." Finally, after

Ecclesiastical History, 39

hearing several candidates, Mr. John Fowle, of Charlestown, was
ordained, not without a strong opposition, though with the ultimate
consent of a number of the parish, Dec. 31, 1741. Mr. Fowle was
graduated at Harvard College in 1732, and " was allowed, by good
judges, to be a man of considerable genius, and handsome acquire-
ments." He soon, unfortunately, developed " a most irritable
nervous temperament, which rendered him unequal in his per-
formances, and at times quite peevish and irregular." The
number of those opposed to him increased, and his pastoral con-
nection with the parish was dissolved in the fifth year of his
ministry.

At this time the parish had so increased in numbers and ma-
terial prosperity that the need was felt of a new and more com-
modious meeting-house. The work of building the same was
commenced about the time of Mr. Fowle's dismissal, and in the
ensuing vear the house now standing was erected, at a cost of
£1522 19*. 9c?. The building was sixty feet by forty-five. On
the northerly end of the roof was a belfry, and two flights of stairs
leading to the galleries were on the inside. The front porch and
the steeple were added at a later date.

Before the completion of the new meeting-house, several candi-
dates were heard, and with great unanimity Mr. John Brown, a
native of Haverhill, was invited to become the pastor. He was a
graduate of Harvard College in 1741, and was ordained over the
Second Parish Sept. 2, 1747.

The following anecdote is told of his settlement.

It is said there was one opposer only, whom Mr. Brown recon-
ciled by a stroke of good humor. Calling to see the opposer, he
inquired the cause of opposition. " I like your person and man-
ners," said the opposer, " but your preaching, sir, I disapprove."
" Then," said Mr. Brown, " we are agreed. My preaching 1 do
not like very well myself ; but how great the folly for you and I
to set up our opinion against that of the whole parish." The
opposer felt, or thought he felt, the folly, and was no longer
opposed.

u The talents of Rev. John Brown were considerably more than
ordinary. In a stately person he possessed a mind whose percep-
tions were quick and clear, and his sentiments were generally the
result of just reflection. He thought for himself ; and when he
had formed his opinions, he uttered them with fearless freedom.
Acquainted from childhood with the Holy Scriptures, from them
he formed his religious opinions. He believed the Son of God
when he said, ' The Father is greater than I ; ' and although he
believed that mankind was sinful, yet he did not attribute their
sins to his immediate act who is the Author of all good. Till
advanced in life he was fond of social intercourse, and was able
always to make society innocently cheerful." He served in one
campaign as chaplain to a colonial regiment in Nova Scotia, and

40

History of Hingham.

by his word and example, during the Revolutionary period, encour-
aged his fellow-citizens to maintain the struggle for liberty. He
died in the sixty-seventh year of his age and the forty-fifth of his
ministry. He preached until the last Sabbath of his life, and
was buried in Cohasset.

It was during the ministry of Mr. Brown that Cohasset was set
off from Hingham and incorporated as a town in 1770, and from
that time the history of this parish ceases to be a part of the
history of Hinglmm.

THIRD (AFTERWARDS SECOND) PARISH, SOUTH

HINGHAM.

The Third Parish,
in Hingham, was set
off March 25, 1745,
and a meeting-house
had already been erect-
ed in 1742. It com-
prised the southerly
portion of the town.
There was much oppo-
sition in the town to
the setting off of this
as a separate parish,
and bitter controver-
sies arose in conse-
quence ; but by persist-
part of the town at last

\W Bj^.tsiv,

!»«//« P ■

SOUTH HINGHAM MEETING-HOUSE.

ent efforts the inhabitants of the south
succeeded in carrying out their wishes.

On the church record we find : —

"Nov. "20, 1746. The church in the south parish, in Hingham, was
embodied by the rev*? Nathanael Eelles, of Scituate, and the rev"? Wil-
liam Smith, of Weymouth."

And the covenant to which the members assented was the fol-
lowing : —

" We, whose names are hereunto subscribed, apprehending ourselves
called of God into a sacred fellowship with one another in the profession
and practice of the holy christian religion as a particular Church of the
Lord Jesus Christ, do solemnly covenant with God and with one another
as follows : —

" In the first place, We avouch the Lord this day to be our God, yield-
ing ourselves to him to be his servants, and chusing him to be our por-
tion forever.

" We give up ourselves unto that God, whose name alone is Jehovah,
and is the Father, and the Son. and the holy Ghost, to be his people, to

Ecclesiastical History. 41

walk in his ways, and to keep his statutes, and his commandments and his
judgments, and to hearken unto his voice. We declare our serious belief
of the christian religion, as it is taught in the Bible, which we take for a
perfect rule of faith, worship, and manners.

" We acknowledge the Lord Jesus Christ as the head of his people in
the covenant of grace, and accept him as our prophet, priest, and king,
and depend on him in the way which he hath prescribed for instruction,
pardon, and eternal life.

" We profess our serious resolution to deny, as the grace of God teach-
eth us, all ungodliness and worldly lusts, and to live soberly, righteously,
and godly in this present world, to endeavor that our conversation may be
such as becomes and adorns the gospel.

" We promise to walk together in all ways of holy communion as
brethren in the family of Christ and children of our Father, who is in
heaven, to keep the faith and observe the order of the gospel, chearfully
to support and conscientiously to attend the public worship of God in all
the instituted duties thereof; and to submit to the discipline of his -king-
dom, to watch over one another with christian tenderness and circumspec-
tion, to avoid sinful stumbling blocks and contentions, and to endeavor
our mutual edification in holiness and comfort.

" Farthermore, We dedicate our offspring, with ourselves, unto the
Lord, engaging to bring them up in his nurture and admonition, to serve
him with our household, and command them to keep the way of the Lord ;
and, as far as in us lieth, to transmit the ordinances of Christ pure and
entire to them who shall come after us.

" All this we do in the presence and fear of God, with a deep sense of
our unworthiness to be admitted into covenant with him, and to enjoy the
privilidges of the evangelical Church state, and our own insufficiency to
perform the duties of it, and do therefore rely on and pray to the God
of grace and peace, who brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus
Christ, that great Shepherd of the Sheep, through the blood of the ever-
lasting covenant, to pardon our many sins and to make us perfect in every
good work, to do his will, working in us that which is well pleasing in his
sight, through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen."

The record says : —

" Decern br 10th, 1746. Daniel Shute was ordained Pastor of the third
Church of Christ, in Hingham."

The following letter, sent on the day before the ordination, by
Rev. Ebenezer Gay to the Third Church in Hingham, indicates
the state of feeling in the town towards the new parish : —

Beloved Brethren : —

I communicated to the Church under my pastoral care the letter you
sent to us desiring our presence and assistance at the Ordination you are
proceeding to. By withholding the vote of compliance with your request,
the greater part of the Brethren by far signified their unwillingness to
grant it : whence, and by what I can since learn, 't is plain to me that I
cannot attend the ordination of your minister as a Delegate from the
Church, it being the mind of the generality of them not to send any. I
am sorry that matters are so circumstanced betwixt you and your brethren
here that they are not free to countenance and assist you more in the set-
tlement of the Gospel Ministry among you. I meddle not with what has

42 History of Hingham.

been in controversy between you and them, being of a civil nature.
Therefore shall be ready to serve you all I can in your religious affairs
and interest as a Christian neighbour and Gospel Minister. Tho' I now
may not in the particular you have desired as the Messenger of a Church
— than whom an Elder in an Ecclesiastical Council is nothing more, —
since the important affair before you may be as well managed without as
with us, I pray you to be content that this Church should not be active in
it, and explicitly encouragiug of it, since they have not sufficient sight
therefor.

I believe it seems hard to you to be refused what you have asked of
your mother, . . . but you know it has been a day of temptation and
provocation in the town, and angry resentments, whether just or unjust,
are not wont soon to be quite laid aside after the strife between contend-
ing parties is at an end, and the conquered, when they submit, are not
presently so loving friends as afterwards they sometimes prove.

If you patiently and silently pass over the conduct of the Church to-
wards you, I hope there will be a comfortable harmony of affections be-
tween you and us. On the walls of a new meeting-house were once
engraven these words, "Build not for faction nor a Party, but for pro-
moting Faith and Repentance in communion with all that love our Lord
Jesus Christ in sincerity.'''' May this be verified in the House you have
erected for Divine Worship. I wish you God's presence in it at all times,
and especially on the morrow at the Ordination of a Pastor over you, and
I pray God to make him a great blessing to you and to your children.
I am your sincere and affectionate friend,

and late unworthy Pastor,

Hingham, Decern 9, 1746. E- ^AY-

To the Third Church of Christ
iu Hingham.

In the face of the facts indicated by the above letter, one can
hardly suppress a smile at the very first vote in the records of
the first meeting of the church after the ordination of Mr. Shute,
on Jan. 13, 1746-7, which is as follows : —

" That the church will choose a committee to request of the First
Church, in Hingham, some part of the furniture of their communion
table, provided the Revd Mr Gay shall think proper to advise to it."

It is almost needless to state that, at a meeting held on the
twenty-fifth of the same month, the committee reported " that
upon their application to Mr. Gay he did not advise to it."

The principal facts concerning the formation of the Third
Church and Parish, and Dr. Shute's ministry, are contained in an
excellent memoir prepared by the father of the writer in 1863.
It would be an affectation of an ability not possessed by his son to
attempt any improvement upon, or addition to his accurate state-
ments relating to the history of affairs in this town, or his esti-
mate of its leading men, and it is a pleasure to be able to give his
words as prominent a place as possible in this " History of Hing-
ham." The accomplishment of such a work was his hope, but
that hope, though long entertained, he was not destined to see
fulfilled.

Ecclesiastical History. 43

MEMOIR OF THE REV. DR. SHUTE.
BY SOLOMON LINCOLN.

Daniel Shute, a son of John and Mary (Wayte) Shute, was born in
Maiden, the residence of his parents, on the 19th of July, 1722. He
entered Harvard College in 1739, remained there for the whole term of
four years, and was graduated in 1743. Among his classmates were the
Hon. Foster Hutchinson, of the Supreme Court of the Province of Mas-
sachusetts ; Major Samuel Thaxter, of Hingham, a distinguished officer
in the war against the French and the Indians; the Hon. James Otis,
father of the celebrated Revolutionary patriot and orator ; and the Rev.
Gad Hitchcock, D.D., a distinguished divine of Pembroke.

Mr. Shute, having chosen the profession of Divinity, was invited in
April, 1746, to commence his professional career as a candidate in the
South Parish of Maiden. In June of the same year he was invited to
preach as a candidate in the recently formed Third Parish in Hingham.
This Parish was set off from the First Parish (Dr. Gay's) in that town,
March 25, 1745, and at that time was designated the Third, as Cohasset,
which was the Second Precinct, had not then been incorporated as a sepa-
rate district or town. This was done in 1770, and the Third Parish of
Hingham has since been known as the Second Congregational Parish.
The inhabitants composing this Parish, which embraced territorially the
south part of the town, had contended zealously for nearly twenty years
for separate parochial privileges, which were denied to them. Some alien-
ation of feeling naturally grew out of a controversy so long protracted.
Confident of ultimate success in their efforts, the inhabitants of the south
part of the town had, in 1742, erected a commodious meeting-house on
Glad-Tidings Plain, which is now standing in a good state of preservation.

Mr. Shute declined an invitation to settle in Maiden, and in September,
1746, accepted the call at Hingham. In the following November a church
was embodied by the Rev. Nathaniel Felles, of Scituate, and the Rev.
William Smith, of Weymouth. Mr. Shute was ordained their pastor, De-
cember 10th, 1746. The Rev. Messrs. Eelles of Scituate, Lewis of Pem-
broke, Emerson of Maiden, Bay ley and Smith of Weymouth, were invited,
with delegates, to form the Ordaining Council. The part performed by
each on that occasion is not known. The exercises were not printed.
Mr. Gay of the First Church was also invited to be present with dele-
gates, but he declined the invitation in behalf of his church, and did not
himself attend. He wrote a very conciliatory letter to the new church. . . .

But a short time elapsed before the most friendly relations were estab-
lished between the two parishes and their pastors. In May following the
settlement of Mr. Shute, he exchanged pulpit services with Dr. Gay, and
continued to do so until the death of the latter. Mr. Shute was a fre-
quent guest at the hospitable table of Dr. Gay, and they enjoyed many a
frugal repast and rich intellectual feast together.

There was entire harmony in their religious opinions ; and it has been
said that there was great unanimity of sentiment between all the members
of the Association to which they belonged, of which Drs. Gay, Shute,
Hitchcock, Barnes, Smith, Brown, Rand, and others were members. At
a subsequent period of their lives, Gay and Shute took opposite views of

a

44 History of Hingham.

the great political questions which agitated the country, — the former
bein<^ a moderate Tory and the latter an ardent Whig. Their political
differences, however, caused no interruption to their friendship. During
a severe illness of Mr. Shute, Dr. Gay manifested the most anxious
solicitude for his recovery, and expressed the warmest feelings of attach-
ment. The first marriage of Mr. Shute was solemnized by Dr. Gay, and
at the funeral of the latter, Mr. Shute, in his discourse on that occasion,
paid a most affectionate tribute to the memory of his distinguished friend.

The ministry of this venerable man covered more than the last half of
the last century. During that period pastors and people were severely
tried by the French and Revolutionary wars. In both, Mr. Shute
entered warmly into the feelings of the great body of the people, and
used an active influence in forming and guiding public opinion. In
175S, he was appointed by Governor Powuall chaplain of a regiment
commanded by Col. Joseph Williams, raised " for a general invasion of
Canada."

In 1767 he delivered the Annual Sermon before the Ancient and Hon-
orable Artillery Company, from the text, Ecclesiastes ix. ltf : " Wisdom
is better than weapons of war." In 17G8 he preached the Election Ser-
mon from the text, Ezra x. 4: "Arise, for this matter belongeth unto
thee ; he will also be with thee ; be of good courage and do it." Both
these discourses were printed, and bear marks of careful composition,
sound views, and strong common sense. His sermon at the funeral of his
venerated friend. Dr. Gay, in 1787, was also published, and was a most
impressive and fitting memorial of the character of that eminent divine,
in whose footsteps he delighted to tread.

No discourse of his has been published which presents any discussion
of points of controversial theology. Indeed, tradition informs us that
his public performances were remarked for the absence of all such topics;
yet it is well understood that he sympathized with those who entertained
what were termed " more liberal views " than those entertained by the
great body of the clergy. In this respect there was great harmony of
opinion in the whole town, and in all the parishes which it then contained.

The sound judgment and knowledge of the human character possessed
by him were often called into requisition on Ecclesiastical Councils.
From his papers, which have been carefully preserved by his descendants,
who hold his memory in veneration, he appears often to have been a
peacemaker, and to have aided, by his moderation and discreet advice, in
composing unhappy differences in parishes quite remote from his own, but
to which his reputation had extended.

His salary was a moderate one. His parish was not large, and was
composed chiefly of substantial farmers and mechanics. To procure the
means of a more independent support, he took scholars to prepare them
for college and the pursuits of business. His pupils being generally sons
of wealthy patrons, he derived a considerable income from their board
and tuition, whereby he enlarged his library, and acquired a respectable
amount of real estate, which is now held by his descendants. Among his
scholars are recollected the Hon. Thomas H. Perkins and the Hon. John
Welles of Boston, and sons of General Lincoln and Governor Hancock.

In 1780 he was chosen by his townsmen a delegate to the convention
to frame a Constitution for the State, — such was the confidence reposed
in his abilities and patriotism.

In 1788 he was associated with General Lincoln to represent the town

Ecclesiastical History. 45

in the Convention of Massachusetts which ratified the Constitution of the
United States, and on this occasion voted and took an active part in favor
of adopting the Constitution. In the brief sketches of the debates which
have been preserved there is the substance of a speech which lie deliv-
ered on the subject of a Religious Test, which strikingly illustrates his
liberality and good sense. It is characterized by a vigorous and manly
tone, taking the ground that to establish such a test as a qualification for
offices in the proposed Federal Constitution, would be attended with inju-
rious consequences to some individuals, and with no advantage to the com-
munity at large.

After the close of the Revolutionary war, Mr. Shute devoted himself
almost entirely to his parochial duties, indulging occasionally, by way of
recreation, in agricultural pursuits.

In 1790 he was honored with the degree of Doctor of Divinity from
Harvard College.

In November, 1797, on account of the infirmities of age and a failure
of his sight, he wrote to his parish, " Whenever it shall become necessary
for you to settle and support a colleague with me, I will relinquish my
stipulated salary, and I will do it as soon as you shall supply the pulpit
after I must resign preaching." In April, 1799, he renewed the proposi-
tion in a letter to the parish, in which he remarks : "This relinquishment
of my legal right in advanced age, in the fifty-third year of my ministry,
I make for the Gospel's sake, — persuading myself that, this embarrass-
ment being removed, you will proceed in the management of your reli-
gious concerns with greater unanimity and ardor."

Dr. Shute relinquished his public labors in March, 1799, from which
time he retained his pastoral relation until his decease ; but gave up his
salary, as he had proposed. The Rev. Nicholas Bowes Whitney, a native
of Shirley and a graduate of Harvard College in 1793, was ordained as a
colleague of Dr. Shute, January 1, 1800. Dr. Shute died August 30,
1802, in the eighty-first year of his age and the fifty-sixth of his ministry.
At his funeral a sermon was delivered by the Rev. Henry Ware (senior),
the successor of Dr. Gay as pastor of the First Parish. In that sermon
Dr. Ware represents him as having enjoyed a distinguished rank among
his brethren for talents, respectability, and public usefulness ; as having
possessed a quick perception and clear discernment, and been capable of
tracing a thought in all its various relations ; as having aimed in his
preaching at enlightening the understanding, impressing the heart, and
improving the life ; as having framed his discourses in such a manner
that they were level to common capacities, while yet they furnished food
for the more reflecting and intelligent; as having united great solemnity
with great pertinence in his addresses at the throne of grace ; as having
mingled with his people with great freedom and kindliness, and sought to
promote their advantage, temporal as well as spiritual, by every means in
his power. In short, he represents him as a fine model of a clergyman,
and as having enjoyed in an unusual degree the confidence of the commu-
nity in which he lived. And I may add that tradition is in full accord-
ance with Dr. Ware's statements.

Dr. Shute possessed an excellent constitution, and lived to the age of
fourscore years in the enjoyment of an uncommon degree of health until
near the close of his life. The partial loss of sight was borne with pa-
tience and serenity, and the approach of the end of life did not deprive
him of his usual cheerfulness.

46 History of Hingham.

Rev. Nicholas Bowes Whitney, the second minister, was born in
Shirley, March 21,1772, and was graduated at Harvard College in
1793. He was ordained colleague pastor Jan. 1, 1800, and after
the death of Dr. Shute continued as sole pastor until April 15,
1833, when his connection with the parish was dissolved in the
thirty-fourth year of his ministry. He died Nov. 26, 1835.

Rev. Charles Brooks says of him in a funeral sermon after
his death : —

"Mr. Whitney had much ill health. Circumstances of constitution
led him to struggles which few could have more valiantly sustained. With
nerves tenderly strung, and a depression of spirits at times weighing
mountain-heavy upon him, he was not fitted to make speedy progress
among the sharp angles of life. He was naturally a diffident man.
That press-forwardness which offensively pushes itself into puhlic obser-
vation, which has no rest till it is seen, acknowledged, and admired, was
no part of his character. At a time when many seem striving for office
with twice the zeal they strive for heaven, it was comforting to find
one who courted neither place nor power. His home and his parish
were the centre, however wide the circumference. His ideas were clear,
natural, and practical. He loved no warfare. He was willing that others
should venture out upon the boisterous sea of controversy and bear the pelt-
ing of sectarian storms ; and wherever the waves of polemic strife ran high,
we found him mooring his bark far up in some quiet haven."

Rev. Warren Burton, a graduate of Harvard College in 1821,
succeeded Mr. Whitney. His ministry extended from May, 1833,
to the latter part of 1835.

Rev. John Lewis Russell was the minister for one year, begin-
ning in 1836 ; from May, 1842, to June, 1849 ; and rather irregu-
larly in 1853 and 1854. Mr. Russell was born in Salem, Dec. 2,
1808, and died there June 7, 1873. He was a graduate of Harvard
College in 1828. He was a man of eminent talents. The various
branches of natural history afforded him abundant scope for the
gratification of his tastes, and he was widely known among students
for his scientific knowledge. He was somewhat eccentric, at times
blunt and extremely outspoken, and was distinguished more as a
scientist than as a divine. It has been said of him in a memoir
by Rev. Edmund B. Willson, of Salem : —

" Mr. Russell's chosen profession was that of the ministry. Though
he did not spend the greater part of his active years in permanent pastoral
relations with any religious society, his heart was in this calling. He was
interested in theological study, and marked its progress with a keen atten-
tion. He had great respect for good learning, and never failed to pay due
honor to true scholarship. Though his personal tastes led him persuasively
to the study of nature, and his deep moral convictions and humane feelings
impelled him strongly to certain forms of philanthropic discourse and action,
he set none the less value upon patient research, sound criticism, and the
fruits of thorough professional culture.

"Mr. Russell showed marked fondness for botanical observation and

Ecclesiastical History. 47

study. Side by side with his ministerial work it held its place in his
regard, without, however, causing his earnestness in the minister's work
to flag. He was an earnest and uncompromising opponent of American
slavery, at a time when slavery had many and powerful apologists in the
Northern States. Although a ' hard hitter ' in the field of theological
controversy, he was no sectarian."

Under Mr. Russell's ministry in the Second Parish the follow-
ing covenant was adopted July 7, 1844 : —

" With a deep sense of our need of improvement and with a desire of
performing all our religious duties through the means of grace provided
for us in the mission of Jesus Christ, whom we receive as the Messenger
of Truth from God, we enter into the communion of his disciples; ear-
nestly praying that by imitating his example, and by imbibing his spirit,
we may walk together in the fellowship of the Gospel."

During the interval between the first and second terms of Mr.
Russell's ministry, Rev. Mr. Pickering was the settled minister
from August to November, 1837, and Rev. Lyman Maynard from
April, 1838, to May, 1842.

Rev. John Prince was employed as minister for five months in
1850, and Rev. B. V. Stevenson from April, 1851, to March, 1853.

Rev. William T. Clarke was minister for four years from 1855 to
1859. The Church and Parish were reorganized and united under
Mr. Clarke's administration, the following covenant being adopted :

"Acknowledging our dependence upon the Infinite Father and the
obligations that rest upon us as rational, moral, and immortal beings,
earnestly desiring to perform all our duties and extend the reign of truth
and righteousness among men, with Jesus for our teacher and guide, we
unite with this church, that by mutual assistance and co-operation in
spiritual things we may make that improvement and accomplish that good
in the world which as individuals we cannot effect."

Rev. Jedediah J. Brayton was minister for two years ending
in 1860, Rev. Robert Hassel for three months, Rev. J. L. Hatch
for two years, from 1862 to 1864, Rev. Mr. Sawyer for one year,
and Rev. John Savary, a graduate of the Harvard Divinity School
in 1860, for two years until 1868.

Rev. Allen G. Jennings was ordained minister of the Parish June
9, 1870, and continued in the office until 1881, a period of eleven
years. Mr. Jennings was a faithful and energetic pastor, and was,
during the last nine years of his ministry, the Superintendent of
the public schools of the town. By his labors in the cause of edu-
cation the schools of the town were much improved, and he laid
the foundation for that further development which has brought
them to a high rank among others in the Commonwealth.

48 History of Hingham.

Rev. William I. Nichols, a graduate of Harvard College in
1874, was engaged as minister, and took charge of the parish
Sept. 4, 1881. After a year's service he was ordained pastor
Oct. 4, 1882, and continued as such until Oct. 7, 1883, when he
resigned. It was his first settlement. Mr. Nichols had previously
been the preceptor of Derby Academy.

Rev. Alfred Cross was the minister from Nov. 1, 1883, to July
31, 1886.

After the pastoral relations of Mr. Cross had been dissolved,
the parish was for four years without a settled minister. In the
meantime the pulpit of the Third Congregational Society had
become vacant, and arrangements were made to settle a minister,
who should have both these parishes under his charge, services
to be held in the New North Church on Sunday mornings and
at South Hingham in the afternoon. This plan was satisfactory
to the members of both parishes and Mr. Charles T. Billings
became the minister. He was born in Fitchburg, Mass., Feb. 27,
1863, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1884. After
teaching two years at the Adams Academy in Quincy, Mass., and
studying a year in Europe, he pursued his theological studies at
the Harvard Divinity School, where he was graduated in 1890.
He was ordained minister of the two parishes July 2, 1890, the
ordination services being held in the New North Meeting-house.

He is the present minister.

The meeting-house was raised June 22, 1742, on the lot on
Main Street, where it now stands. The parish was set off March
25, 1745. The original front of the building was on the southr
erly side, having an entrance there, and another entrance to the
galleries on the westerly side. The pulpit was on the northerly
side, with a sounding-board over it ; the floor was occupied by
square pews, and long seats were in the galleries.

Extensive repairs were made in 1756, but the house remained
substantially as it was built until about 1792, when a porch was built
on the westerly side ; a tower was built on the easterly side, and
additional pews and seats were constructed. In 1793 a bell was
placed on the meeting-house. Stoves were introduced in 1822. In
1829-30 the southerly and westerly entrances were abandoned ; the
tower was widened to the roof ; the easterly end under the tower
became the main entrance, with two doors ; a larger bell was pur-
chased ; the old square pews were removed and new long ones took
their places ; the pulpit was removed to the westerly end.

In 1869 extensive improvements and changes were made. An
organ gallery was built in the westerly end in the rear of the
pulpit and an organ was placed in it ; the pew doors were removed,
and the interior was quite generally renovated. In 1881 the clock
was placed in the tower.

This parish is of the Unitarian denomination.

Ecclesiastical History.

49

THIRD CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY (UNITARIAN).

THE NEW NORTH MEETING-HOUSE, HINGHAM.

The circumstances which gave rise to the formation of the
Third Congregational Church and Society in 1806 have already-
been alluded to. This society was incorporated by an Act of the
Legislature, Feb. 27, 1807. The church was organized under
the name of the Third Church in Hingham, June 16, 1807. _ The
meeting-house was built, upon the same lot of land on which it now
stands, at the time of the formation of the society by the proprie-
tors, who were incorporated by an Act of the Legislature under
the name of the New North Meeting-House Corporation, and was
dedicated June 17, 1807. The two corporations exist the same
to-day.

Rev. Henry Colman, the first minister, was born in Boston,
Sept. 12, 1785, and was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1805.
He was ordained pastor of this society June 17, 1807, and was
dismissed, at his request, March 14, 1820, in the thirteenth year
of his ministry. He died in Islington, England, Aug. 17, 1849.
After leaving Hingham he opened an academy in Brookline, con-
tinuing it for a few years, when he became the pastor of the
Independent Church in Salem, holding that office from Feb. 16,
1825 to Dec. 7, 1831. He then became almost exclusively a
farmer, having purchased a farm at Deerfield, Mass. Influenced
by this pursuit and commissioned by the State, he visited Eng-

VOL. I.

1*

50 History of Hingham.

land, France, and other foreign countries, and fell ill in London,
with a fatal disease. Mr. Colman possessed excellent abilities,
was very fascinating in person and manners, and is said to have
been more hospitably received by the aristocracy of England than
any other private American citizen. In a letter in the writer's
possession, he says : —

a

I have spent three days at the Duke of Richmond's, at Goodwood,
and have now promised positively that I will go to Gordon Castle in
September to spend at least a fortnight, when he says he will show me
the whole county."

Lord Hatherton said of him in a letter to a friend in America,
after Mr. Colman's death : —

" I never knew any foreigner so identified with us and our habits and
so entirely adopted by the country. And yet there was no lack of inde-
pendence of thought and action, and he avowed preference of most things
both in civil and social life in his owu country. Yet he was so candid
and true and honest, and so fond of those qualities in others, and with
great talents there was so charming a simplicity of character, that he won
on everybody he approached. There is no exaggeration in his printed
letters, in which he so often spoke of the innumerable solicitations he
received from persons in every part of England to visit them. All who
had once received him wished a repetition of the pleasure, and their report
caused him to be courted by others."

A monument to his memory stands in Highgate Cemetery,
Middlesex, England, which was erected by order of and at the
expense of Lady Byron.

Rev. Charles Brooks, the second minister, was born in Med-
ford, Oct. 30, 1795, and was a graduate of Harvard College in
1816. He was ordained pastor Jan. 17, 1821.

The following is an extract from a " Memoir of the Rev.
Charles Brooks " by Hon. Solomon Lincoln : —

" Upon his settlement Mr. Brooks entered at once upon active dutv»
engaging with great earnestness in all the measures which he thought
would be useful to his parish or the community. He established a
Sunday School in his society in 1822 ; a parish reading society ; and,
during the first year of his ministry, he wrote a Family Prayer Book,
intended for his people, which was afterwards published in Hingham.
Eighteen editions of it were issued, many having 4,000 copies each.

" Mr. Brooks took an active interest in the Peace cause, he was an
ardent friend of the American Colonization Society, by his influence the
Savings Bank was established in Hingham, he was an early advocate of
the Temperance cause in the Old Colony, he was the first person to intro-
duce anthracite coal into Hingham, and he started the project of a line
of steamboats between Boston and Hingham.

" Mr. Brooks was an early and constant friend of popular education,
serving as a member of the school committees of Hingham and Medford
for nearly forty years, and he was also a Trustee of Derby Academy.

Ecclesiastical History. 51

" The various employments in which Mr. Brooks engaged with great
readiness, and in which he worked with enthusiasm and perseverance, besides
the discharge of his parochial duties, bore heavily upon his strength. He
sought relief and rest by a change of scenes and occupation. He visited
Europe in 1833, and made the acquaintance of many distinguished per-
sons, among them Rogers, Campbell, Wordsworth, Jeffrey, Cousin, Arago,
Schlegel, Mrs. Hemans, Miss Martineau, and many others of note.

"It was during the voyage to Europe that he became interested in
the Prussian system of education. His room-mate was Dr. Julius, of
Hamburg, who was sent to this country by the King of Prussia, to collect
information respecting our prisons, hospitals, and schools ; so that Mr.
Brooks, in a passage of forty-one days, had a fine opportunity of becom-
ing acquainted with the Prussian system, and of enlarging his European
correspondence. In 1835 he addressed his people on Thanksgiving Day
on the subject of Normal Schools ; and from that day forward, on every
opportunity, he lectured before conventions to advance the cause into
which he had entered with so much enthusiasm. He lectured in nearly
one hundred different towns and cities, — in every place where he was
invited. By invitation of the legislatures of Massachusetts, New Hamp-
shire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Pennsyl-
vania, he delivered to crowded assemblies, in each, two or three lectures,
besides speaking in most of the capitals between Boston and Washington.
The results were the establishment of Boards of Education and Normal
Schools. A distinguished educator, who is entirely competent to judge
in this matter, says that Mr. Brooks, for Ids long, disinterested, and
unpaid labors in the cause of education, is entitled to be considered,
more than any other individual, what he has been called, the ' Father of
Normal Schools.'

" The citizens of Plymouth County owe him a debt of gratitude for
the influences which he set in motion resulting in the establishment of the
Normal School at Bridgewater. It was in 1838 that the celebrated meet-
ing of the ' Plymouth County Association for the Improvement of Com-
mon Schools 'was held at Hanover, where brilliant speeches were made
by Horace Mann, Robert Rantoul, George Putnam, John Quincy Adams,
and Daniel Webster, and a powerful impression was made upon the
public mind. It was on this occasion that Mr. Adams, after speaking
of what monarchs had done to establish Normal Schools through their
realms, exclaimed, 'Shall we be outdone by kings?' and closed a very
eloquent speech amid the acclamations of the assembly. Mr. Webster
spoke also, with his accustomed simplicity, directness, and power. ' If,'
said he, ' I had as many sons as old Priam, I would send them all to the
public schools.'

" Mr. Brooks was present at this meeting ; took the lead in the meas-
ures proposed, and was deferred to as the engineer of the work to be done
to create a correct public sentiment.

" In 1838 he was elected professor of Natural History in the University
of the City of New York, and proposed to visit Europe to qualify himself
for the duties of his new office. He accepted the office with the concur-
rence of his parish, and it adopted resolutions on the dissolution of the
connection, expressing gratitude for his past services, and wishes for his
future success.

" In 1839 he departed for Europe, where he remained upward of four
years. He devoted his time to scientific studies, and such as he deemed

52 History of Hingham.

of importance to him in the professorship. On his return to this country
the failure of his sight compelled him to resign his professorship, and to
retire to private life. Always engaged in some philanthropic object, he
turned his attention to the condition of aged and destitute clergymen. He
collected statistics, and formed a society for their relief. It has been emi-
nently useful, dispensing its blessing with a liberal hand. He devoted
much of his time to Sunday-schools, and was an efficient officer of the
Sunday-school Society.

"Mr. Brooks was sincere in his friendship, candid in his judgment,
genial, cheerful, and affable. He was averse to all controversy ; he
avoided theological polemics, and was a peace-maker, adding to a life of
practical benevolence the graces of a Christian character."

Mr. Brooks's pastoral connection was dissolved Jan. 1, 1839,
after a ministry of a few days less than eighteen years. He died
in Medford, July 7, 1872.

The following letter from Mr. Brooks in relation to the introduc-
tion of anthracite coal into Hingham is worthy of preservation :

To Hon. Solomon Lincoln : —

My Friend, — Knowing you are the only person who could pardon me
for sending a bill of coal,1 dated Nov. 15th, 1825, 1 would let my expla-
nation be my apology.

In 1825 all anthracite coal was called Lehiyh coal. The difficulty of
igniting it gave rise to grave objections and nimble wit. One person
proposed to bore a hole into the centre of the mine, then to creep in
and be perfectly safe in the general conflagration. I read something
about the coal and believed it would be just the thing for my study ; I
therefore purchased of Messrs. Lyman & Ralston, of Boston, a sheet-
iron pyramidical stove, lined with fire-brick, and one ton (then 2,000 lbs.)
of coal. That good-natured captain, Peter Hersey, Jun., brought the
stove and coal to Hingham in his packet, on the 15th day of November,
1825, and arrived about 4 o'clock, p. m., of that day. I have the im-
pression that this was the first piece of anthracite coal introduced into the
town, and perhaps into the county.

Like most strangers, on first introductions, my ton of coal met with
some singular treatment. The passengers on board the packet interested
themselves in handling it ; breaking it, or rather in trying to break it ; in
guessing about its properties ; in wondering how heat could be got out of
it ; and finally in concluding to try to burn some in the open cabin fire-
place. The packet had a light head-wind, and therefore the curious and

i Boston, 15th Nov. 1825.
Mr. Chas. Brooks,

Bought of Lyman & Ralston, 71 Broad Street.

1 small Sheet Iron Stove $13.00

1 ton (2,000 lbs.) Lehigh Coal 8.00

Trucking 50

$21.50

Rec'd Pay't, Lyman & Ralston,

By S. D. L g.

Note. — This was the first anthracite coal brought into Hingham ; and this stove
the first one used for burning it. C. B.

Ecclesiastical History. 53

inquisitive passengers had time enough to try their experiment. They
took three or four pieces and put them upon the live coals, and expected
them to blaze very soon. Fifteen minutes passed, and the coal was as
black and almost as cold as ever. The bellows were brought and began
to do their best, but no signs of ignition. Another pair of old bellows
was pressed into the service, and two strong young men began to blow.
The fun now commenced. Out of twenty passengers, half of them at
least proposed some new way of setting fire to the queer stuff. Every
way that promised the least success was faithfully tried, and yet not the
slightest appearance of fire could be discovered in the black masses !
The experimenters reasoned rightly about it. They said, if it was capable
of ignition, fire would ignite it ; and as they had fire enough to melt iron,
they could ignite that coal, and several of them resolved to work upon it
till they arrived at the wharf ; and they did so. The fun which these
operations produced was great indeed, and ought to have been saved by
some historian as part of the queer triumphal entry of Lehigh coal into
Hingham. The tardy packet at last reached its wharf in the Cove, and
as the passengers went down to take a last look at the undisturbed black-
ness of their inexplicable subjects, there was a general verdict against
the wisdom of the minister, and as general a desire to see the coal burn,
if that phenomenon could ever be witnessed. This matter became a town
talk, and was better for Lyman & Ralston than all their advertisements.
If those three or four pieces of irresistible Lehigh had been saved, I
should certainly put them into the Cambridge Museum.

On the next Monday morning, the tinman came with a few pieces of
new funnel, and my stove was properly prepared for the great event.
First shavings, then charcoal, then Lehigh and then a match, and the
thing was done. In one hour I had my stove full of ignited coal, and I
kept it replenished a week without its going out. The news spread, and
visitors enough I had ; and such laughable exclamations and raw wonder
as my experiment elicited were truly refreshing to me. One anxious
friend, after examining the fire, lugubriously said, " Those red-hot stones
may give out some heat, but I am afraid they'll set fire to your house."
A gentleman said, " I '11 not take any insurance on your house." Another
asked, " Do you think you can cook with your red stones ? " A good
neighbor said, " We shall not sleep contentedly while we know you have
such a fire going all night." A brother minister from another town came
to see it, and though he liked it, he could not help saying, " It is lucky for
you that you have a good salary ; for if you hadn't, you'd find that eight
dollars a ton for such stuff would empty your purse before April."

Thus, my dear sir, you see what fiery trials I went through ! My
Lehigh, in the mean time, burnt itself into popularity — and you know
the rest.

Hoping to see you at the next meeting of the Historical Society, I am,
with kind regards,

Yours, Charles Brooks.

Medford, March 10th, 1862.

Rev. Oliver Stearns, the third minister, was born in Lunenburg,
June 3, 1807, and was graduated at Harvard College in 1826.
Mr. Stearns was ordained at Northampton, Nov. 9, 1831, and
after short terms of ministerial service in Northampton, New-

54 History of Hingham.

bury port, and Boston, was obliged to give up preaching for a
time on account of illness. His pastoral connection with the
Third Congregational Society in Hingham began July 1, 1839,
under an engagement for one year, and he became the settled
pastor April 1, 1840. On the first Sunday of April, 1840, he
preached a sermon recognizing the permanency of his pastoral
relation with the Society, which was the only form of his instal-
lation in Hingham. His pastoral relation was dissolved Oct. 1,
1856, in the eighteenth year of his ministry here.

From the time of his leaving Hingham in 1856, to 1863, he
was President of the Meadville Theological School, and from
1863 to 1878 he was a Professor in the Harvard Divinity School
at Cambridge. He received the degree of S. T. D. from Harvard
College in 1857. He died Julv 18, 1885.

Dr. Stearns was a learned divine and a fine writer. He was
not of a rugged constitution. Lack of physical strength and
endurance prevented him from undertaking much outside the
lines of his pastoral and professional duty, yet by his patient
industry and constant application lie accomplished a surprisingly
laro:e amount of work during his long life. He was of a

O CD CD

mild and amiable temperament, a man of positive convictions,
a stanch advocate of the abolition of slavery in the United
States, and fearless in expressing his opinions. Although the
life of Dr. Stearns does not present as many marked charac-
teristics for biographical notice as many others of the clergymen
of Hingham, yet the candid critic will credit him with being one
of the most scholarly and learned of those who have been settled
in the town. Under his ministry the society prospered, and he
was much respected.

Rev. Daniel Bowen, the fourth minister, was born in Reading,
Vt., Feb. 4, 1831, and was a graduate of the University of Roch-
ester. His theological studies were pursued at the Theological
Seminary of Rochester and at the Harvard Divinity School. He
was ordained pastor of the Third Congregational Society, Dec. 21,
1859, and this connection was dissolved Sept. 24, 1863. Mr.
Bowen discontinued preaching in 1867, and removed to Florida.

Rev. Joshua Young, the fifth minister, was born in Pittston,
Maine, Sept. 29, 1823, was a graduate of Bowdoin College in
1845, and of the Harvard Divinity School in 1848. He was
pastor of the " New South Church "in Boston from 1849 to 1852,
and was settled in Burlington, Vt., from 1852 to 1862. Having
preached to the society in Hingham for a short time previously,
he began his services under engagement as pastor in April, 1864,
and continued in that office until Dec. 20, 1868.

Rev. John Snyder, the sixth minister, was born in Philadelphia,
Pa., June 14, 1842, and was graduated at the Meadville Theologi-

Ecclesiastical History. 55

cal School in 1869. He was settled over this parish in September,
1869, and was ordained Jan. 20, 1870. He resigned Dec. 31, 1872,
to accept a call from the Church of the Messiah, in St. Louis, Mo.

Rev. William G.Todd, the seventh minister, began his parochial
connection with the parish in April, 1873, and resigned in De-
cember, 1875.

Rev. Henry A. Miles, D. D., was living in Hingham at the time
of Mr. Todd's resignation, and was invited to preach on the first
Sunday in January, 1876. He continued for the following Sun-
days, and received a call to become the settled minister, March 13,
1876. He was installed April 9, 1876, and resigned his active
duties Sept. 30, 1883, but continues his parochial connection to
the present time as pastor emeritus.

Dr. Miles was born in Grafton, Mass., May 30, 1809. He was
graduated at Brown University in 1829, and at the Harvard Di-
vinity School in 1832. He was ordained at Hallowell, Me., Dec.
14, 1832, and was settled there as minister until 1836, when he
accepted a call from the Unitarian Society in Lowell, Mass. His
ministry in Lowell continued from 1836 to 1853. After varied
services in the line of his profession, but without any long con-
tinued parochial connection with any religious society, he removed
to Hingham, and shortly afterwards became connected with this
society as already stated. He received the degree of D. D. from
Brown University in 1850.

It is not the part of the historian to be the eulogist of the
living, yet the writer cannot forbear to say that Dr. Miles has the
affectionate regard and universal respect of the people of his
parish and the town.

After the relinquishment of active duties by Dr. Miles, Rev.
Alexander T. Bowser, born in Sackville, New Brunswick, Feb. 20,
1848, and a graduate of Harvard College in 1877, received a call
to become the minister. Mr. Bowser's first year in the ministry,
after graduation from the Harvard Divinity School in 1880, was
devoted to mission work in St. Louis, Mo. He was ordained
there, in the Church of the Messiah, May 2, 1881, Rev. John
Snyder, pastor of that church and a former minister of this so-
ciety in Hingham, giving him the right hand of fellowship.
After two years spent in Evansville, Indiana, as the representa-
tive of the American Unitarian Association, he received the call
from Hingham, Jan. 24, 1884. He was installed June 11, 1884,
and continued as pastor until Jan. 2, 1887, when he resigned to
accept the position of pastor of the First Unitarian Congregation
of Toronto, Canada.

Rev. Charles T. Billings, the present minister, was ordained
minister of this society and the Second Parish, July 2, 1890,

56 History of Hingham.

and entered upon his pastorate at that time. A more detailed
account of Mr. Billings and his settlement over the two parishes
has been given in the history of the Second Parish.

The " New North " meeting-house was erected, as has been
stated, in 1807. No material change in the exterior of the build-
ing has been made. New pews were placed in the galleries about
1833, at the time of the purchase of an organ. March 18, 1833,
John Baker, Jairus B. Lincoln, Martin Lincoln, and Jairus Lin-
coln were chosen a committee " to purchase a church organ for
the society, the expense of which shall not exceed the sum of
twelve hundred dollars." This organ was formerly the property
of the Handel and Haydn Society in Boston. In 1849 a contract
was made with George Stevens for a new organ, to cost twelve
hundred dollars. This latter instrument is the one in use at the
present time.

In 1852 the appearance of the interior was much changed by
the removal of the draperies back of the pulpit, and the painting
of the walls and ceilings in fresco, which included upon the wall
over the pulpit a tablet bearing the inscription, " Sanctify them
through thy truth." A commemorative sermon was preached by
Rev. Oliver Stearns, Dec. 12, 1852, on reopening the meeting-
house after these expensive repairs and alterations.

In the spring of 1890 still further changes were made in the
interior of the meeting-house. The fresco painting gave way to
tinted walls and ceiling of a less ornate character, some of the
front pews were removed to give additional open space in front
of the pulpit, new pulpit stairs were built, a background of
drapery was put upon the wall behind the pulpit, and the organ
was thoroughly repaired and improved by the addition of new
pipes and stops.

The clock, procured by private subscription, was placed in the
tower in 1845.

Ecclesiastical History.

57

THE FIRST BAPTIST SOCIETY.

BAPTIST MEETING-HOUSE.

here for several

joined them in the same

succeeding

years,
religious

A

meeting was

There is nothing to
indicate that any per-
sons professing Baptist
sentiments lived in
Hingham previously to
the year 1814. In that
year Mr. Nathaniel T.
Davis made this town
his place of residence,
and he, with his wife
and Miss Hannah Beal,
were the only Baptists
few others subsequently
belief, and the first prayer-
held at the house of Mr. Davis in 1818. Mr. Asa
Wilbur, of Boston, was visiting in town, and was invited to be
present at the meeting. He became much interested in the efforts
of this small band of worshippers, and was afterwards often
present at their meetings. For his earnest labors and finan-
cial aid to the Baptists of this town, through many succeeding
years, he is held by them in grateful remembrance.

In this same year, 1818, the first sermon by a Baptist was
preached in Hingham by Mr. Ensign Lincoln, and a Sunday-
school was organized. This was the first Sunday-school in
Hingham. Its meetings were held in the schoolhouse which
stood on the hill in front of- the Derby Academy. It was col-
lected and organized by Nancy Studley, Polly Barnes, Betsey
Lincoln (afterwards Mrs. Rufus Lane), and Hannah Kingman,
and there was an attendance of ninety scholars on the £rst Sun-
day. This school was not under the patronage of any religious
society, but was an independent school. The first three named
ladies were connected with a few Baptists who held meetings, as
before stated, at the house of Mr. Davis. Not long afterwards,
Rev. Mr. Richardson of the First Parish, and Rev. Mr. Colman of
the Third Congregational Society (both Unitarian), thinking the
instruction in the school too evangelical, withdrew the children
connected with their parishes and formed schools of their own.
The original school continued, however, though with a diminished
number of scholars ; and when the Baptists, in 1828, became a
branch of the Second Baptist Church, of Boston, the school be-
came a Baptist school, and has so continued to the present time.

In 1820 the first baptism took place, making a strong impres-
sion upon many of those who witnessed it.

The early struggles of this little band to establish and main-

58 History of Hingham.

tain worship according to their faith were great. Services were
held at private houses until August, 1823, when a hall was se-
cured for the purpose in the building next south of the black-
smith-shop on North Street, near the harbor.- It was a rough
room, in strange contrast to the elaborate churches of the present
time. The walls were not plastered, the seats were simply boards
nailed upon blocks of wood, which together with a small pine
table and chair constituted the furniture. In this room meet-
ings were held for nearly a year, and in spite of opposition and
disturbance, both outside and inside the building during the ser-
vices, the worshippers increased in number.

A building was found in a more quiet location, which could be
purchased ; but on account of the objection likely to arise if it
should be known that it was to be sold to the Baptists, it was
deemed prudent to obtain the assistance of some person outside
the denomination to make the purchase, that the purpose for
which it was to be used might not be suspected. Mr. Ebenezer
Shute was willing to purchase the building, costing about $450,
provided some individual could be found who would arrange the
bargain with discretion. Capt. Laban Hersey, a Unitarian, con-
sented to take the deed in his own name, and subsequently con
veyed the property to Mr. Shute. This building was the one now
occupied by M. & A. McNeil, near Hobart's Bridge. The upper
story was suitablv arranged for meetings, and for more than two
years afforded a convenient and pleasant place for worship.

Up to this time the pulpit had been supplied by many different
ministers, among them Rev. Thomas Conant, who was engaged

Cj CD C"

to come and labor here as often as his other engagements would
permit, Deacon Wilbur becoming personally responsible for the
expense thus incurred.

As an illustration of how earnest these Baptists were in such
days of struggle and sacrifice to maintain preaching, it is related
that on learning late on a Saturday that the preacher expected
from Boston was unable to come, Aunt Polly Barnes, as she was
called, mounted her horse in the early evening and set out for
Scituate to engage Mr. Conant for the next day's services. As
she went on her way over a lonely road, a man suddenly sprang
from the woods, seized her horse by the bridle and demanded her
money.

" You must wait until I can get it," she said, " for I have but
one hand." (She had lost her left hand by amputation.)

The highwayman released the bridle for a moment, thinking his
booty now secure, when she struck her horse a sharp blow ; he
sprang away, and the rider reached Mr. Conant's house in safety,
engaged him to preach the next day, and rode quietly home to
Hingham, some six miles, the same evening.

March 9, 1828, twenty persons were publicly recognized as a
branch of the Second Baptist Church, of Boston, Mr. Nathaniel T.

Ecclesiastical History. 59

Davis receiving the right hand of fellowship in behalf of the
H high am society.

In this year Deacon Caleb S. Hunt removed from Boston to
Hingham. He organized and for many years led an efficient
choir in this church. March 7, 1829, the society voted to pur-
chase a bass-viol, and made an appropriation of five dollars to
pay for it, " if a sufficient sum cannot be otherwise obtained ; "
and May 10, 1833 it was

•• Voted, To pay amnt of eighteen dollars for a clarionet, which had
been previously purchased by some individual and used in the Baptist
Meeting-house, and that the clarionet shall be the property of the church,
and shall be under their direction."

Sept. 21, 1828, Rev. Harvey Ball was ordained as an evangelist,
and served as pastor of this church for two years. Under his en-
couraging ministry a house of worship was built. A day of spe-
cial prayer was set apart that a location might be agreed upon,
and soon after the lot upon which the meeting-house now stands,
upon Main Street, was purchased for $500. This was conveyed
July 1, 1829, to Asa Wilbur, of Boston, and Quincy Hersey, of
Hingham. The meeting-house was erected, costing $3,300, and
dedicated Dec. 3, 1829, amid much rejoicing. In May, 1875, the
house and land were conveyed to the deacons of the church and
their successors forever, in trust for the benefit of the church and
society.

After Mr. Ball's resignation in August, 1830, Mr. Timothy R.
Cressey, a student at the Newton Theological Institution, often
preached to the society. Mr. Cressey was a graduate of Amherst
College in 1828. He" was ordained pastor, May 5, 1831, and the
church recognized as an independent body with fifty-one members.
Mr. Cressey's ministry continued for three years and a half, dur-
ing which a vestry was built in the basement of the meeting-house,
and twenty-eight were received into the church, twenty-one of
these by baptism.

Mr. Cressey was born at Pomfret, Conn., Sept. 18, 1800, and
died at Des Moines, Iowa, Aug. 30, 1870.

For the two succeeding years the church was without a pastor,
Rev. John G. Naylor supplying the pulpit much of the time.

Sept. 29, 1836, Mr. Waterman Burlingame was ordained pastor,
and continued as such for nearly five years, until Aug. 5, 1840.
During his pastorate twenty persons were received into the church,
seventeen by baptism.

For an interval of more than two years the church was without
a regular pastor. Rev. Charles M. Bowers frequently preached
and labored here during this interval.

60 History of Hingham.

July 22, 1842, Mr. Sereno Howe accepted a call with the under-
standing that he was not to enter upon the full discharge of his
duties until after the completion of his theological studies ; but in
order that he might be qualified to administer the ordinances of
the church, he was ordained as an evangelist at Charlestown.
Sept. 28, 1842, he was installed as pastor of this church, and
continued as such for nearly seven years. His resignation took
effect July 8, 1849. During his pastorate seventy-five persons
were received into the church, fifty-seven of them by baptism.

Again, for a period of more than two years, the church was
without a regular pastor, during which their spiritual needs were
ministered to by many different clergymen and students from the
Newton Theological Institution. Among the latter was Mr. Jona-
than Tilson, who first preached here Dec. 22, 1850. May 3, 1851,
he received a call to become the minister, which he accepted on
the completion of his theological studies in the following August.
His labors began September 28, and he was ordained November
5, of the same year.

During the summer of 1851, the meeting-house was moved for-
ward eighteen feet and raised three feet, the vestry removed, and
a larger one built with a committee room in the rear of it ; the
interior was improved, a new pulpit took the place of the former
one, and new furniture was procured.

Mr. Tilson's pastorate was the longest in the history of the
church, ending Sept. 24, 1876, after a fruitful service of a quarter
of a century. He received into the church one hundred and fifty-
six persons, of whom one hundred and twenty-five were by bap-
tism. During his long period of service, Mr. Tilson interested
himself in the affairs of the town as well as the church, and was
much respected.

Rev. A. Stewart McLean, of Charlestown, was installed pastor
June 28, 1877, and resigned July 7, 1878. During his pastorate
the house was extensively repaired, at a cost of $1,500, and the
church received ten persons, of whom seven were by baptism.

In December, 1878, Rev. Henry M. Dean, of Dayton, Ohio, en-
tered upon the duties of minister, and continued until June 30,
1887. During his pastorate twenty-seven persons were received
into the church, of whom twenty-one were by baptism.

In 1886, still further repairs were made upon the meeting-
house, and colored glass substituted for the former plain glass
windows.

The next minister was Rev. Edward S. Ufford, a graduate of
Bates Theological Institute, of Lewiston, Maine. He entered upon
his pastorate Nov. 1, 1887, which continued until Nov. 1, 1889.
During his pastorate twenty-six persons were admitted to the
church, twelve of them by baptism.

Ecclesiastical History. 61

Rev. Sylvanus E. Frohock was the next minister. He was
graduated from Brown University, in 1889. His first settlement
was in Old Warwick, R. I., where he was ordained in 1886. He
was pastor of this church from April 6, 1890, to Feb. 14, 1892.
During his pastorate, in the winter of 1891-92, extensive im-
provements were made in the interior of the meeting-house.
New pews, a baptistery, and an organ were put in and the in-
terior otherwise made attractive and convenient.

Rev. Irving Eugene Usher entered upon the duties of pastor
August 28, 1892. He was graduated at Madison (now Colgate)
University, Hamilton, N.Y. in 1887, and took a partial course in
the theological seminary there. He was first settled in Charles-
ton, N. Y., where he was ordained in 1887, and remained there
two years. From June, 1889, to June, 1892, he was at McGran-
ville, N. Y. Since his settlement here four persons have been
admitted to the church, two of them by baptism.

All the settled ministers, with the exception of Mr. McLean,
Mr. Ufford, and Mr. Usher, have been graduates of the Newton
Theological Institution.

A church library was established as early as 1830.

Deacon Joshua Thayer died Feb. 26, 1874. ' By his will, he de-
vised his homestead, on Elm Street, near the meeting-house, to
the deacons of the church and their successors forever, in trust
for the church and society, for the purposes of a parsonage. The
first deacons to receive a deed of this property were Joseph Ripley
and Levi Hersey.

The first deacons were chosen in 1835. The following per-
sons have held that office : Joshua Thayer, Nicholas Litchfield,
Issacher Fuller, Joseph Ripley, Levi Hersey, Walton V. Mead,
Martin T. Stoddard, and George W. Horton.

This society has never been large, and its growth has not at
any time in its history been rapid, yet an earnest purpose to
adhere unswervingly to evangelical truth has always prevailed
among its members ; and from a small beginning amid opposi-
tion which amounted to persecution, the growth has been healthy
and full of promise to those who have felt that they were devoutly
" contending for the faith once for all delivered to the saints."

62

History of H Ingham.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

METHODIST EPISCOPAL MEETING-HOUSE.

The town of Hing-
ham was included in
what was known as
the Scituate circuit
from 1807 to 1826.
From the latter year
until 1828 it was in-
cluded in the Wey-
mouth Society, and in
1828 it became a sep-
arate society. In 1807
Rev. Thomas Asbury,
on the Scituate cir-
cuit, was the first
Methodist minister
who preached in Hing-
ham. He was an
Englishman, said to
have been a cousin
of the celebrated Bishop Asbury. He married Rachael Binney of
Hull, and subsequently removed to Ohio, purchasing land on the
present site of the city of Columbus. In 1809, Moses Tower, of
Hingham, married Mary Binney, of Hull, who was a member of
the Methodist Church, and their house, and that of Robert Goold,
were opened to Methodist meetings for many years. Methodist
ministers occasionally preached in these houses. One of the Sab-
bath appointments for the Scituate circuit was Cohasset, where a
house of worship was erected, and where the Methodists of Hing-
ham worshipped until 1826, when they attended church services
in Weymouth for about two years.

The following ministers preached occasionally in Hingham be-
fore 1828, when, on the formation of a separate society, a regular
pastor was stationed here : Thomas Asbury, George Pickering,
John Broadhead, Joseph Snelling, Joseph A. Merrill, Benjamin
F. Lambord, Stephen Baily, Edward Hyde, Aaron Lummus,
Richard Emery, Bradbury Clay, B. Otheman, Orin Roberts, Ben-
jamin Hazelton, Jothain Horton, Isaac Jennison, F. Upham,
A. D. Sargent, Stephen Puffer, Benjamin Jones, John Adams,
Moses Sanderson, L. R. Sutherland, Samuel Norris, Jared
Perkins.

The first class of Methodists was formed in 1818, by Rev. Ed-
ward T. Taylor, of Boston (Father Taylor), and consisted of
seven members, namely : Robert Goold, Mary Goold, George
Lincoln, Abigail Goold Tower, Jane Goold, Mary Goold Pratt,
and Isaiah Wilder.

Ecclesiastical History.

63

The early meetings of this little band were attended with oppo-
sition and disturbances from outside the houses in which they
were held, but their number gradually increased. In 1828 Rev.
Stephen Puffer, who was a local preacher residing in Hingham,
gave funds for the erection of a meeting-house, which was dedi-
cated July 3, 1828, and the lot and building were conveyed to a
board of trustees. Mr. Puffer built the house at his own expense,
and sold the pews to cover the cost of building and furnishing.
The amount expended was $1,820.

After the meeting-house was built Hingham became a station,
and has been supplied by travelling and local preachers down to
the present time. The following is a list of the ministers : —

1828 . .

Samuel Heath.

1855 .

1828 . .

Nathan Spalding.

1856 .

1829 . .

Selah Stocking.

1857 .

1830 . .

Chauncey Richardson.

1858-59

1831 . .

A. U. Swinerton.

1860-61

1832 . .

Stephen Puffer.

18G2 .

1833 . .

Ralph W. Allen.

1863-65

1834 . .

P. W. Nichols.

1866-68

1835 . .

Apollus Hale.

1869-71

1836 . .

George W. Bates.

1872-73

1837 . .

Daniel Wise.

1874-75

1838 . .

James Mudge.

1876 .

1839 . .

Daniel L. McGear.

1877 .

1840 . .

Robert Goold.

1878 .

1841 . .

William Davenport.

1879 .

1842 . .

Abel Gardner.

1880 .

1843-44 .

Levi Daggett.

1881 .

1845 . .

S. C. Cook.

1882 .

1845 . .

Geo.W. Ilodgers (supply).

1883 .

1846-47 .

Adin H. Newton.

1884 .

1848 . .

Thomas Spilsled.

18S5 .

1849 . .

J. Burleigh Hunt.

1886 .

1850 . .

Samuel Beedle.

1887 .

1851 . .

E F. Hinks.

1888-89

1852-53 .

Daniel Webb.

1890 .

1854 . .

F. A. Loomis.

1891-92

Paul Townsend.
Lyman Leffingwell.
Amos Binney.
F. A. Loomis.
Robert Clark.
Edward B. Hinckley.
William Henry Starr.
George E. Fuller.
Merritt P. Alderman.
James H. Nutting.
Charles Hammond.
James O. Thompson.
Annie Howard Shaw.
Charles M. Comstock.
George H. Huffman.
Henry M. Cole.
Winfield W. Hall.
Angelo Canol.
W. F. Lawford.
Arthur Thompson.
W. D. Woodward.
B. F. Jackson.
George B. Norton.
John H. Newland.
Samuel F. Johnson.
Edwin G. Babcock.

In 1828 the society numbered 30 members.

1829 " " " 59

1830 " " " 65
1831-32 " " 70 "

From 1832 to the present time, the society has waned and in-
creased by turns.

In 1841-42 there were 40 members.
1860-61 " " 70 "
1863 " " 53

The society now numbers about seventy members.
The first record of a Sunday-school is on July 29, 1844, when
the school numbered a superintendent, seven teachers, and forty-
five scholars, with three hundred and thirty books in the library.

64 History of Hingham.

In 1863 there were a superintendent, ten teachers, and seventy
scholars, and over six hundred books in the library.

In 1863 Rev. William H. Starr, the pastor, wrote an interesting
historical sketch of the society, in which he attempts to account
for the slow growth of Methodism in Hingham. It is chiefly a
record of the opinions of the author, but his statement of one
cause of weakness is so subtle and entertaining, and so compli-
mentary to the attractions of the " devoted sisters," that it is
quoted : —

" One more circumstance I will mention which has taken strength from
this society

" The following preachers, R. W. Allen, Amos Binney, P. W. Nichols,
Francis Messeur, J. M. Carroll, William Hambleton, and E. M. Anthony,
in some way learned that we had talented and devoted sisters suited to
become valuable help-mates in their ministerial labors, and have come
once and again and taken those loved and useful sisters from the bosom
of this society to other fields of labor and usefulness. May God bless
and prosper them wherever they go in their work of love and self-denial.
Their sphere of usefulness has been enlarged, and you who were so
closely connected with them ought to thank God that you have had daugh-
ters and sisters called, I trust, not only by man, but also by the Spirit of
God to so glorious a work."

Extensive alterations were made in the meeting-house in 1845,
and in 1867 the building Was moved back about thirty feet,
raised, vestries built, and a new front and spire added, at an
expense of nearly $4,000.

This building stood at the corner of North Street and Marsh's
Bridge, facing west.

At the time of the latter extensive repairs, interesting services
were held at the laying of the corner-stone, and a box contain-
ing many interesting mementos was deposited beneath it.

In 1882 the lot on the opposite side of North Street, at the
corner of Thaxter Street, where the meeting-house now stands,
was purchased and the building moved to the new location.

In 1883, with the aid of gifts amounting to $1,000 from Mrs.
Stephen Puffer, the widow of Rev. Stephen Puffer, who aided in
the original building of the meeting-house, a parsonage was built
upon the land belonging to the society, in the rear of the meeting-
house, and it was furnished by the exertions of the members
of the church.

The record of this church is not one of large membership and
numerous accessions, but rather that of an earnest band of Chris-
tians, zealously striving for the cultivation and promulgation of
those principles which, according to their faith, lead to the sal-
vation of souls.

Ecclesiastical History.

65

FIRST UNIVERSALIST SOCIETY.

.V»'

■•£&

^

UNIVERSALIST MEETING HOUSE.

of a mutual sympathy and the desire of spreading
these latter organized as the First Universalist
Hingham.

The following was their declaration of faith : —

On Nov. 1, 1823,
there was a meeting
of several members of
the First Universalist
Society, of Scituate, at
the house of Capt.
Charles W. Cushing,
in Hingham. With
them also met a num-
ber of persons of the
Universalist belief,
from Hingham, and,
under the inspiration

their faith,
Society of

" We whose names are hereunto subscribed, being sensible of the un-
changeable and universal love of God to mankind, exhibited in the
Redeemer, and in humble thankfulness to Him for disposing our hearts
to unite together in the bonds of Christian love and fellowship, think it
our duty, as tending to the good order of society in general, and the
improvement and edification of each other in particular, to form ourselves
into a church of Christ, which, we conceive, consists of a number of be-
lievers united together in the confession of faith of the gospel."

The meeting-house was erected in 1829, and was the same
now occupied by the society, on North Street. The corner-stone
was laid May 18, 1829, and the house dedicated to the worship
of God Sept. 19, 1829, on which occasion the sermon was
preached by Rev, Hosea Ballou.

Chapter 90 of the Acts of the Legislature of 1829 is " An
Act to incorporate the Proprietors of the First Universalist
Meeting-house in Hingham." " Moses L. Humphrey, Henry Nye,
Marshall Lincoln, Ensign Barnes, Jr., Jairus Thayer and others
who have associated or may hereafter associate with them and
their successors " were the persons named in the Act as the
members of the corporation.

Among the ministers have been the following : Thomas J.
Greenwood, Joseph P. Atkinson, Albert A. Folsom, John F, Dyer,
Samuel A. Davis, Jeremy H. Farnsworth, Josiah W. Talbot, M.
M. Freston, Albert Case, John D. Cargill, Emmons Partridge,
John E. Davenport, Phebe A. Hanaford, Daniel P. Livermore, and
S. R. H. Biggs.

VOL. I. — 5 *

66 History of Hingham.

Mr. Atkinson was born in Gloucester, Mass., Nov. 17, 1809, and
died in Boston, Dec. 27, 1888. He studied theology with Rev.
Thomas Whittemore, D. D., and was ordained in 1829. He was
installed in Hingham April 30, 1830. His pastoral settlements
were in Hingham, Dover, N. H., Weare, N. H., Marblehead, Mass.,
Westbrook, Me., Orleans, Mass., and Orange, Mass. During the
last thirty-six years of his life his residence was chiefly in Laco-
nia, N. H. After his retirement from his settled pastorates he
administered for a time the affairs of the Universalist Publish-
ing House in Boston with success. His funeral services took place
in the Unitarian Church, Laconia, N. H., and were conducted by
Rev. A. A. Miner, D.D., of Boston, assisted by several of the
local clergymen.

Mr. Folsom's pastorate was of about seven years' duration,
and Mr. Livermore was the minister for eleven years.

Mr. Biggs began to preach for the society in September, 1888,
having charge of a parish in the neighboring town of Norwell at
the same time. After a few months he received a call to become
the settled pastor. His services as such began in March, 1889,
and continued until July 1, 1891. He was a graduate from the
Tufts Divinity School.

From a time almost as early as the formation of the society
the ordinance of the Lord's Supper has been administered to all
who have felt its helpfulness, and in 1856, during the ministry
of Rev. Mr. Cargill, a distinct church was organized, consisting
of members who subscribed to the Winchester Confession of
Faith.

The installation of Mr. Atkinson, and the ordinations of Rev.
John Nichols and Rev. Phebe A. Hanaford have taken place in
this meeting-house.

The Sunday-school of this society has been in a flourishing
condition during these many years, having had at times a mem-
bership of one hundred and twenty-five scholars.

The Universalist denomination has not found in Hingham a
very productive field for its growth. Enthusiasm and determina-
tion have not been wanting among those of this faith in Hingham,
especially in the early days of the society, but the predominant
strength of the Unitarians, existing in the older parishes, has
given the Universalists less opportunity for increasing their num-
bers than might have been the case had they found themselves
surrounded by other ecclesiastical neighbors.

Ecclesiastical History.

67

EVANGELICAL CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY.

EVANGELICAL CONGREGATIONAL MEETING-
HOUSE.

The first minister of
this church and society
was Rev. Ebenezer Por-
ter Dyer. Mr. Dyer was
born in South Alding-
ton, Aug. 15, 1813, en-
tered Amherst College
in 1829, where he re-
mained one year, and
was graduated at Brown
University in 1833, af-
ter which he pursued
his theological studies
at the Andover Theo-
logical Seminary. He
was licensed to preach
in 1838, at Carlisle, and
was ordained by the
wayside at Stow, Sept.
25, 1839. He was for
a time pastor of the Evangelical Congregational Church in Stow,
from which he was dismissed in March, 1846. He served as
city missionary in Boston from February, 1846, to October,
1847. While city missionary, in August, 1847, upon invitation
of the Norfolk Conference of Churches, he visited Hingham with
a view to establishing Evangelical Congregational preaching here.
Religious services according to this faith had previously been
held by Rev. Mr. Loring, in the Town Hall, and in September,
1847, with financial aid from the Norfolk Conference, an engage-
ment was made for Mr. Dyer to preach in the Town Hall for a
period of one year. In October of the same year a Sunday-school
was organized. Dec. 21, 1847, a church was formed, with eleven
members, of which Asa H. Holden was chosen deacon.

In 1848 the present meeting-house was erected, at the junction
of Main and Pleasant Streets, and on Jan. 4, 1849, it was
dedicated.

At the close of Mr. Dyer's engagement of a year he became the
settled minister, and his installation took place on Jan. 4, 1849,
the dav of the dedication of the meeting-house.

Mr. Dyer was dismissed from his pastorate Nov. 17, 1863, after
sixteen years' service, during which he served the church faith-
fully, and he was a good citizen of the town as well.

The ministers of this church who succeeded Mr. Dyer have been
the following : —

Rev. Henry W. Parker, a graduate of Amherst College and

68 History of Hingham.

Auburn (N. Y.) Theological Seminary, who supplied the pulpit
for over a year, commencing in March, 1864.

Rev. Henry W. Jones, a graduate of Amherst College and
Hartford Theological Seminary, who was installed in May, 1866,
and dismissed June 7, 1871

Rev. Austin S. Garver, educated at Pennsylvania College and
a graduate of Andover Theological Seminary. He was ordained
as pastor Oct. 31, 1872, and his pastorate ended in July, 1875.

Rev. Edward C. Hood, a graduate of Princeton College and
Union Theological Seminary, from September, 1875, to Septem-
ber, 1882.

Rev. Edward A. Robinson, a graduate of Harvard College in
1879, and of Union Theological Seminary, who was ordained July
11, 1883. His pastorate ended July 29, 1888.

Rev. Frank L. Goodspeed, acting minister, from June 1, 1889,
to June 1, 1890. Mr. Goodspeed was a graduate of the School of
Theology, Boston University, and during his year of service in
Hingham was pursuing his studies as a member of the senior
class in Harvard College, from which he was graduated in 1890.

Rev. Albert H. Wheelock, the present minister, a graduate of
Bangor Theological Seminary, in 1888. He was ordained July 3,
1888, as pastor of the Congregational Church in Topsham, Maine,
where he remained until he came to this parish in November, 1891.

The deacons of the church have been Asa H. Holden, Caleb
S. Hunt, Samuel G. Bayley, Jacob 0. Sanborn, Tobias 0. Gard-
ner, George E. Kimball, and Charles Bates.

During the pastorate of Mr. Hood the meeting house was ex-
tensively repaired, a new organ purchased and placed by the
side of the pulpit, and a piano purchased for use in the vestry.
Further alterations and repairs were made in the winter of
1886-87, and stained-glass windows were put in. The clock was
placed in the tower and started April 19, 1887.

For about thirty years the church received financial aid from
the Home Missionary Society. In 1878 the system of raising
money for parish expenses by weekly offerings was adopted.
By a vote of the parish, May 17, 1882, self-support was assumed,
and it has been self-sustaining since that time.

©

In another part of this chapter it has been stated that the
parishes in Hingham did not divide upon denominational lines,
as was common in the latter part of the last century. For nearly
two centuries after the settlement of the town there were no
other churches within its original limits, except those which be-
came Unitarian. Doubtless the inclination of the sons to follow
in the footsteps of their fathers in matters pertaining to religious
faith and church allegiance will account for the fact that no
earlier effort was made to establish an Evangelical Congregational
Society here. The policy of this denomination in Hingham has

Ecclesiastical History.

69

not been extremely aggressive, but tolerant of others' opinions,
and it is not strange that, in a town but little subject to changes
in the characteristics of its inhabitants, it has not grown to a
very large membership. It should be credited, however, with an
earnest, self-respecting, and constant devotion to the principles of
its faith.

THE FREE CHRISTIAN MISSION.

FKEE CHRISTIAN MISSION CHAPEL.

This Church and So-
ciety was organized
Jan. 29, 1873, under
the name of " The
Free Christian Mis-
sion " by those hold-
ing the belief in the
•' Second Advent," and
it has continued under
the same faith to the
present time.

Three years before
the organization of the
society, a little Sunday-school and meetings were started by two
sisters.

Prominent among those who were instrumental in establishing
the society, or who have contributed largely for its support, have
been John Tuttle, Henry W. Sinclair, William H. Searles, William
H. Crockett, Alonzo Manuel, and Joseph H. Hackett. Others also
have aided according to their means and ability, with money and
work, to keep alive the Christian work in the vicinity of the
church. The society has always been self-sustaining, and an in-
dependent body in its relations to any denomination, conference,,
or mission.

The chapel, situated near the junction of High and Ward
Streets, was built in 1873 with contributions of money collected
bv a committee. The following extract from the Town Records
will explain the manner in which a permit to build a chapel
was obtained from the town : —

" March 4th, 1872. Voted, That the report of the Committee to whom
was referred the request of John Tuttle and others, to build a Chapel to
he used for the purpose of religions worship, at the junction of High and
Ward Streets, be amended by striking out the words 'thirty feet,' and
' Selectmen,' and adding ' Road Commissioners,' and as amended be
accepted.

REPORT.

To the inhabitants of Hingham, in Town Meeting assembled: —

The Committee to whom was referred "the question of the town grant-
ing consent to John Tuttle and others, to build a Chapel to be used for the
purpose of Religious worship, on land near the junction of High and Ward

70 History of Hingham.

streets, with instructions to take into consideration all the facts in relation
thereto," have given to the subject a careful examination and respectfully
Report. The advantages which follow an attendance upon public wor-
ship are apparent to nearly every candid and thinking person. A com-
munity is not only improved in intelligence, virtue, and happiness thereby,
but with these characteristics come a more earnest recognition and main-
tenance of law and order, as well as an increased interest in the prosperity
and general welfare of society.

From our local history, we learn that the early settlers of the town
were a godly and law-abiding people ; and to a considerable extent their
characteristics have been sustained by their descendants.

The first church in Hingham was formed in 1635. From it have
sprung ten other religious societies, all having places for public worship
within the original limits of the town, which included Cohasset. At the
present time a number of our fellow citizens desire to establish another
church. With their associates they number about one hundred persons,
a majority of whom reside on Ward and High Streets, or in that vicinity.
They have held meetings during the past year at their residences, and
these meetings, we learn, have been well attended. In many instances
the house occupied was not sufficiently large to accommodate all who were
present.

On account of the interest thus manifested, the erection of a Chapel is
contemplated. To this end several hundred dollars have already been
pledged or subscribed ; but the amount does not at present meet the
necessary requirements. By renewed exertions, however, those interested
in the movement expect soon to overcome this difficulty.

The piece of laud which the petitioners ask the town to permit them
to build upon is eligibly situated and well adapted for their purpose. It
has laid unimproved for the past fifty years without benefit to any one.
Your committee have sought in vain for any title in the premises other
than that of the town.

They have corresponded and conferred with people who have been
familiar with the locality for the past seventy years.

They have also carefully searched the records of Suffolk County, be-
ginning with the time when the lot was first occupied by James Hayward,
and thus far have been unable to find any conveyance of the property,
either by will or deed.

In view of these circumstances, and of the benefits which the town may
receive from an increase of taxable property in that locality, your com-
mittee recommend : —

First. That the town reserve thirty feet of the said lot, fronting on
High Street, for widening and otherwise improving that street; and

Second. That the petitioners have liberty to enclose a lot for the pur-
poses of erecting a chapel thereon as requested, within such limits as the
Selectmen shall fix and determine upon ; and that a plan of the same
shall be filed in the Town Clerk's office.

George Lincoln, )
Ckocker Wilder, >- Committee.
Elijah Siiute, )
Hingham, March 4, 1872.

The membership at the present time is thirty, and the usual
attendance at the services has been from fifty to one hundred.
Rev. William II. Crockett has been the minister since 1879.

Ecclesiastical History.

71

EPISCOPAL CHURCH.

PARISH OF ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST

(PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL).

Before the organi-
zation of any Epis-
copal mission or
church in Hingham,
there had been for
many years inter-
mittent services in
the town.

In 1824, the first
services of the Epis-
copal Church were
held in Hingham,
and continued for a
time, with good at-
tendance, in a hall
fitted up for the purpose by Mr. Daniel Bassett, an ardent Epis-
copalian.

The number of those interested for any length of time was so
small, however, that no attempt was made to establish a church
on a permanent foundation.

From the Hingham Gazette we learn that Rev. Mr. Cutler
preached on the Sunday following Christmas, 1827 ; and from a
private letter that the Rt. Rev. Alexander Viets Griswold, S. T. D.,
Bishop of the Eastern Diocese, preached in Hingham on an even-
ing in June, 1828, which was probably the first visitation of a
Bishop to Hingham.

About the year 1841 Rev. Samuel Cutler, of Hanover, held
services in Bassctt's hall, being assisted by clergymen who chanced
to be in the vicinity during the summer season.

The families of Daniel Bassett, Atherton Tilden, and Edward
Wilder were the only residents of the town, so far as can be as-
certained, at that time identified with the church.

In 1843, services were again held in the same hall by Rev. John
P. Robinson, of Quincy. The hall was loaned for the purpose,
seats were put in, and prayer-books purchased, which were marked
upon the covers, " Episcopal Church, Hingham." Some of these
books are now in use. The services were abandoned after a short
time, as the number interested in them was small.

Rev. Theodore W. Snow, a missionary in 1844, " visited many
places in the Diocese, and among others held one of more services
in Hingham."

May 30, 1869, an evening service was held in Loring Hall, and
through the following summer continued regularly. The Rt,
Rev. Manton Eastburn, S. T. D., LL.D., Bishop of Massachusetts,

72 History of Hingham.

preached at one of these evening services, which were conducted
mostly by Rev. Mr. Street, of Weymouth. There were occasional
services during the summer of 1870 and 1871.

Finallv, in 1879, a successful effort was made to establish per-
manent Episcopal services. July 6, 1879, services were con-
ducted, in Southworth's hall, on Broad Bridge, by Rev. Julius
H. Ward, of Boston, and they were continued regularly through
the summer, and as often as twice in each month in the following
winter, under the charge of Rev. Thaddeus A. Snively, of Quincy,
and Rev. George S. Bennett, of Dorchester. In November, 1879,
a Sunday-school was organized.

The apostolic rite of Confirmation was administered, for the
first time in Hingham, by the Rt. Rev. Benjamin Henry Paddock,
S. T. D., Bishop of Massachusetts. June 13, 1880, to six persons.

Through the summer of 1881 the services were in charge of
Rev. Percy C. Webber, and during the following winter, of Mr.
Sherrard Billings, as lay reader, then a candidate for holy orders,
and a student at the Episcopal Theological School at Cambridge.

July 1, 1881, a lot of land on Main Street, opposite Water
Street, was purchased for -f 1,000, and a fund for the erection of a
church was started.

At Easter, 1882, a mission was organized; and July 1,1882,
Rev. Charles L. Wells was placed in charge. Mr. Wells was a
graduate of Harvard College in 1*79.

Services continued in Southworth's hall until 1883.

With the proceeds of a sale, the efforts of the Women's Guild,
and amounts subscribed by generous friends, sufficient funds were
procured to justify the building of a church on the lot already
purchased, and ground was broken for it in November, 1882. Mr.
Edgar A. P. Newcomb, of Boston, was the architect, and gene-
roiisly contributed his services. The church was finished and
consecrated June 5, 1883, by the Rt. Rev. Benjamin Henry Pad-
dock, S. T. D., Bishop of Massachusetts. The occasion was one of
much interest. Over two hundred persons were present at the
services of consecration, in which about thirty clergymen assisted.

The dimensions of the church are sixty-four by twenty-four feet,
and it has a seating capacity for about one hundred and fifty.
Its cost was about $3,000.

The chancel window was the gift of Miss Blanche Shimmin
in memory of her grandmother, Mary George Parkman. The
large window in the west end of the church was the gift of Mrs.
George S. Glover and Governor John D. Long in memory of
Mary Woodward Long, the daughter of Mrs. Glover and wife
of Governor Long.

The chancel furniture and font were gifts as well as the
organ, the latter presented by St. Paul's Church, of Stock-
bridge, Mass.

The brass jewelled receiving basin came from London, England,
and was also a gift.

Ecclesiastical History.

73

The chalice and pa-
ten of silver and gilt,
engraved and in-
scribed, enclosed in a
case of polished oak,
were sent from St.
Andrew's Church, of
Hingham, England,
and still further gifts
of a lectern and bish-
op's chair, of oak,
massive and elabo-
rately carved, which
had been in use in
that ancient church,
were sent across the
ocean and presented
as a sign of Christian
brotherhood and in-
timate church rela-
tionship between the
old and the new Hing-
ham. The following
extracts from " The
Hingham Deanery
Magazine," of April,
1883, are interesting
in connection with
these latter gifts from
St. Andrew's Church,
of Hingham, Eng-
land : —

" Hingham in Amer-
ica.— The Rector has
received a letter from
New York from an
American lady, who vis-
ited our parish last sum-
mer, in the hope of gain-
ing some information
concerning an ancestor,

Thomas Joy, 'who left Hingham, England, with a band of Puritans about
the year 1630, and after a short stay in Boston, Massachusetts, founded
a town near by, which they named Hingham, in tender memory of their
English home.' The lady's letter enclosed a letter addressed to herself
by the ' Minister in charge of the Mission of St. John the Evangelist,'
dated Hingham, March 5, 1883. He gives an account of a small church
which is in course of building there, and which it is hoped to open for
Divine service in the beginning of May. This church is to cost about
£600, and there seems little doubt of the money being forthcoming.

bishop's chair in the episcopal church.

74 History of Hingham.

Alluding to a request for aid which he had heard of having been made
a year ago to the Rector of our Hingham, the Minister says : ' I should
prefer not to receive money from there, even if he were able and in-
clined to send it. I will say, however, that a book, or window, or some
article of church furniture (if possible something that had been used
there) would be a pleasant memorial of our Mother Church. ... I do
not think we ought to receive aid from Hingham, but some token of
Christian brotherhood and Church relations would be of inestimable value.'
The wish thus expressed will surely find a response. A committee has
been formed of three ladies, to consider in what way the Church people
of Hingham, Norfolk, can best manifest their sympathy with the Church
builders and worshippers of Hingham, Massachusetts."

Hingham Rectory,
Attleborough, March 21, 1883.
Dear Sir, — I have lately received and read with much interest and
pleasure a letter of yours to Mrs. Dyer, in which you give her an ac-
count of Church work at Hingham, Mass. I read your letter to-day to
a working party of ladies who are employed much in the same way as
the Guild that you write of. They will be much pleased to carry out
your suggestion and to make some present to your Church which may
be a token to you and your people of the interest felt for them by the
parishioners of Old Hingham. . . . There is a fine old chair which has
stood in our Church a long time, which, if you have room for it, I
think we might send you to represent your Bishop's "cathedra."

Yours faithfully,

Matxard W. Currie.
To Rev. Charles L. Wells.

Hingham Rectory,
Attleborough, April 12, 1883.
My dear Sir, — ... I think our means would suffice to procure a
chalice and paten suitable for your little church, — if that is what your
congregation would like. The chair which I offered is large and rather
unwieldy, but if you think it worth being carried across the Atlantic, I
am sure the church-wardens would be willing to send it. There is a
lectern of proportions suitable, I should think, to your church and made
of old oak, which would be much at your service. Let me assure you
of my appreciation of the sentiments expressed in your letter to Mrs.
Dyer, and of the sympathy of the Church people of Old Hingham with
you and your people of the new.

I am, my dear sir,

Yours faithfully,

Maynard W. Currie.
To Rev. Charles L. Wells.

Hingham, Attleboro', July 27, 1883.
My dear Sir, — ... The committee of ladies of which I told you
have made a collection among their friends here, to which I hope to be

Ecclesiastical History. 75

allowed to make an addition, and I may say that we thus have a sum of
£20 (twenty pounds) to be devoted to the procuriug of something for
your church which would be acceptable to you and your congregation as
a token of the sympathy and brotherly regard felt by the Church people
of the Old Hingham for the Church people of the new. It occurs to me
that a silver chalice and paten would be an appropriate gift to your
church, and a durable memorial of the regard which we wish to express.
... I have not forgotten the wish you expressed to have some furniture
that had been in use in the old church. ... I will write you again about
the chair, and if it is not too big for you and you wish to have it, I feel
sure our church-wardens will offer no objection to my sending it. . . .

Yours very faithfully,

Maynard W. Currie.
To Rev. Charles L. Wells.

Hingham, Massachusetts,
August 11th, 1883.

Rev. and dear Sir, — Your favor of the 27th ult. is at hand, and I
thank you heartily for the kind and cordial feeling which it expresses.
We are delighted with the exceedingly generous expressions which it
promises us of the brotherly regard of the Church-people of Old Hingham
for us of the New. Above all, we thank you for your interest in bring-
ing about a happy result ; it will be a joy and an inspiration to us for
many years to come. Nor can we conceive of a more desirable, more
acceptable, or more appropriate form in which to express the Christian
love and Church brotherhood than that which you suggest.

The Chalice and the Paten used in celebrating the memorial of the
redeeming Passion of our common Lord will thus serve not only to bring
before us our communion with Him and with each other, but also to re-
mind us, continually, in a beautiful and significant manner of our com-
munion with our Mother Church across the sea, " to which," as the pre-
face to our own Prayer Book so truly and so beautifully says, " the Church
in these States is indebted under God for her first foundation and long con-
tinuance of nursing care and protection." May the union be strong and
lasting, ministering to the glory of God and to the prosperity of His
Church. . . . Believe me, with the greatest respect and esteem,

Very faithfully yours,

Charles L. Wells.

To Rev. Maynard W. Currie.

The silver chalice and paten were ordered from Messrs. Keith
& Son, Denmark Street, Soho, with the following inscription :
" Presented by the Church-people of Hingham, England, to the
Church of St. John the Evangelist, Hingham, Massachusetts,
U. S. A.," engraved on the under side. On the paten is added
the text, " We being many are One Bread and One Body."

76 History of Hingham.

April 24, 1883.
My dear Sir, — Before leaving home for a few weeks I ordered the
chair and lectern, both of which have stood in our old Parish Church,
to be sent to you. . . .

Yours very truly,

Maynard W. Currie.
To Rev. Charles L. Wells.

Hingham Rectory, Attleborough.
St. Luke's Day, 1883.
My dear Sir, — The enclosed extract from our " Deanery Magazine "
will show you that we have acted on your acceptance of the proposal
contained in my last letter.

The Chalice and Paten have been on view for the last ten days. It
has been suggested that your congregation would like to think that they
had been used in the Mother Church, and I propose to use them on
Sunday next in the celebration of the Holy Communion. The vessels, in
their box, shall then be sent up to London for transmission to Boston. I
trust that they will arrive safely, and I know that your people will re-
ceive our gift as a token of the brotherly love which we entertain for
our kinsmen across the ocean. . . .

I am with kind regard,

Yours faithfully,

Maynard W. Currie.
To Rev. Charles L. Wells.

Mr. Wells resigned in the autumn of 1884, and during the fol-
lowing winter the Mission was in charge of Mi-. Walter E. C.
Smith, a candidate for Holy Orders in the Episcopal Theological
School, at Cambridge.

Rev. James I. T. Coolidge, D. D., was in charge from 1885 to
Nov. 1, 1888, his first sermon being on Whitsunday, 1885. He
was graduated at Harvard College in 1838, and received the
degree of Doctor of Divinity from Hobart College in 1870.

Rev. Alsop Leffingwell, the present rector, was born July 23,
1858, in Fairfield, Conn. He was graduated at Wesleyan Univer-
sity in 1880; entered Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown,
Conn., in 1886, from which institution he was graduated, in 1889.
He was temporarily connected with the parish Iixuti June to Octo-
ber, 1889, and since that time he has been regularly in charge.

The organization as a parish took place in June, 1885.

Ecclesiastical History. 77

UNITED SOCIAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH HINGHAM.

In the extreme southerly part of the town religious meetings
had been held occasionally but not regularly for some years pre-
viously to 1890. In the vicinity of Gardner and Whiting Streets
there is quite a village. In the spring of 1890, there being no
place near enough to that village to enable the inhabitants to
attend church, or the children to go to Sunday-school, it occurred
to Mrs. Annie Belcher and her sister, Mrs. Sarah Chubbuck, of
Gardner Street, that a Sunday-school could be established there.
They consulted with the families in the neighborhood, and finding
them all in favor of the undertaking, and willing to assist, not
only in the formation of a Sunday-school, but also in establish-
ing regular Sunday services, a room was engaged in a building
erected by Leonard Gardner for a wooden-ware manufactory,
situated on Gardner Street, and the first meeting was held and
a Sunday-school organized on the first Sunday in May, 1890,
Rev. Jacob Baker, of South Weymouth, officiating, and I. Wilbur
Lincoln being Superintendent of the Sunday-school. The meet-
ings continued with unabated interest during the summer and
autumn of 1890, the attendance increased, and during the summer
fifteen persons were baptized. Upon the approach of winter the
meetings were discontinued, as there was no means of heating
the room in Mr. Gardner's building, but the Sunday-school was
held in different houses during the winter. The enthusiasm
which first prompted and had so successfully carried on the
good work during the season continued to increase, and the
project was then conceived of erecting a building suitable for
the wants of the society. In the autumn of 1890 twenty -two
persons formed an incorporated organization under the name of
the " United Social Society of South Hingham," with the following
officers : —

J. Fremont Belcher, President.

Miss Clara J. Gardner, Secretary.

Mrs. Lloyd Raymond, Treasurer.

Charles A. Gardner, >

Mrs. Charles A. Gardner, « ,.

Mrs. J. Fremont Belcher, > n . .?
t Ticr-iu t • i i Committee.

1. Wilbur Lincoln,

Mrs. Charles M. Clark, J

It was decided to proceed at once to the erection of a chapel ;
a building committee was chosen ; a lot of land at the junction of
Gardner and Derby streets was given to the society by Lewis
Gardner, and work upon the building was immediately begun.
Owing to the cold winter^ however, it was not completed until

78 History of Hingham.

the following spring. It is a tasteful building, twenty-two by
forty feet, with an alcove for the minister and choir. The total
cost, exclusive of labor performed by various members of the
society, was over $800. To a small society of twenty-two mem-
bers the erection of this chapel seemed quite an undertaking; but
friends from Hingham and adjoining towns gave encouragement
and substantial aid, which, combined with the persistency and
faith of the members of the society from its commencement,
completed a building which exceeded the expectations of those
directly interested in its construction, and which would be a
credit to any community. The chapel was dedicated Sunday,
May 16, 1891, with appropriate exercises. At the exercise of
dedication an appeal was made to the congregation by one of
the visiting speakers, for aid to reduce the debt incurred in
building the chapel, and $151 were contributed. The society is
now free from debt. The organ, chairs, and some other furni-
ture were the gift of the sewing society. Services are held every
Sunday. There is no settled minister, but clergymen from
Hingham and adjoining towns officiate at the services. This
society is doing a good work.

Although the original limits of the South Parish extend to the
southern boundary line of the town, yet the natural boundary line
of Liberty Pole Hill marks the division between Glad Tidings
Plain and Liberty Plain and the adjacent country. The thickly
settled portion of extreme South Hingham forms a village quite a
distance from the Meeting-house, and partly from this cause and
perhaps also from a diversity of opinion there has been a demand
for a nearer place of worship.

As has been previously stated there had been occasional relig-
ious meetings and Sunday-schools through many years in this
part of the town. Beginning some forty years or more before
the formation of this society, meetings were held regularly for a
number of years in the schoolhouse, which brought together on
Sundays a large congregation, not only from this immediate
vicinity, but also from Scituate and Hanover. Rev. George
Lincoln preached. There was a large Sunday-school connected
with these meetings. In 1859-60 there were religious services
in Liberty Hall, at which Rev. J. F. Dyer preached.

The formation of the United Social Society of South Hingham
is the natural outcome of these earlier efforts to maintain regular
religious services.

Ecclesiastical History.

79

CHURCH OF ST. PAUL
(ROMAN CATHOLIC).

At the time when
services of the Ro-
man Catholic
Church wore first-
held in Hingham,
the town was with-
in the limits of the
Q u i n c y parish.
This was soon after
1850. Afterwards
it was attended
from Randolph,
then from Abing-
ton, until 1867, at
which time Wey-
mouth became a
separate parish.
Hingham was then
attached to the
Weymouth parish
and so continued
until it was itself
made a separate parish in 1876. The first organization of Cath-
olics in Hingham was in 185G, when the "Hingham Catholic
Association " announced a course of eight weekly lectures, be-
ginning Feb. 5, 1850, upon subjects connected with the history of
the Roman Catholic Church, by Rev. Mr. Roddan, of Quincy, " in
the Society's rooms near the depot." These lectures were favor-
ably noticed in the " Hingham Journal."

For about twenty years after the first services here, the Cath-
olics of Hingham felt the great need of a suitable edifice in which
to worship God after the form of their own religion. During that
time their religious services had been held in the Town Hall.
Efforts had been made from time to time to erect a church,
but no progress was made in that direction until Rev. Hugh P.
Smyth, the pastor of the Weymouth parish, which included Hing-
ham, took the matter in hand. Father Smyth determined to
have a church in Hingham. He bought a site for it in the
commanding position on North Street, opposite Broad Bridge.
He labored indefatigably to build a church for his congregation,
and on June 12, 1870, the corner-stone was laid with impressive
ceremonies. In the absence of the Bishop the Very Rev. P. F.
Lyndon, V. G., officiated as celebrant. The dedication sermon

CATHOLIC CHURCH.

80 History of Hingham.

was preached by Rev. Charles Lynch, of North Adams, Mass.
The following clergymen also took a part in the ceremonies :
Rev. M. Moran, Abington ; Rev. Thomas McNulty, North Bridge-
water; Rev. James Sullivan, Quincy ; Rev. Michael Supple,
Charlestown ; Rev. Michael Lane, and Rev. F. Dolan, South Bos-
ton. The services were conducted in the presence of a large con-
gregation.

The energy of Father Smyth was unceasing in urging on the
completion of the church, and it was so far finished as to be dedi-
cated July 23, 1872, a testimony at once of the pastor's zeal and
the people's earnestness.

Among the clergymen present at the dedication were the
Right Rev. John J. Williams, Bishop of Boston ; Rev. James A.
Healey, St. James Church, Boston ; Rev. Sherwood Healey, rector
of the Cathedral ; and Rev. Peter A. McKenna, of Marlboro'. A
choir under the direction of Mr. Lloyd, of St. James Church,
Boston, sang with good effect. The ceremony of dedication was
performed by the Right Rev. Bishop according to the ritual, which
was followed by the Mass, at which Rev. Sherwood Healey offici-
ated. The sermon was preached by Rev. Peter A. McKenna,
of Marlboro'.

The church is of wood and its dimensions are one hundred and
eleven by fifty-six feet, with a tower and spire one hundred and
twenty-eight feet high. In the basement is a spacious vestry
with a number of anterooms connected with it. The interior
has a finish of chestnut capped with black walnut. The architect
was P. C. Kelley, of Brooklyn, N. Y. It has numerous windows
of stained glass, which were contributed by devoted members of
the parish.

For some time the pastor, Father Smyth, was assisted in his
parish work by Rev. Peter J. Leddy. When Hingham was made
a separate parish, Father Leddy was appointed pastor. He was
an affable and genial man, respected in the town. He died
here, much lamented, Jan. 15, 1880.

Father Leddy was followed by Rev. Gerald Fagan, the present
pastor.

During a portion of the time Father Fagan was assisted by
Rev. Hugh J. Mulligan.

The church is dedicated to Saint Paul.

This church has a larger membership than any other in the
town, and is active in all matters relating to the work of the
Roman Catholics.

In reviewing the ecclesiastical history of New England much
has been written about the intolerance of our Puritan ancestors, —
those " holy and humble men of heart " by whom our Colonies
were planted. Mr. Winthrop speaks of them as " sublime exam-

Ecclesiastical History. 81

pies of piety, endurance, and heroic valor," and says, " We some-
times assume to sit in judgment on their doings. We often
criticise their faults and failings. There is a special proneness
of late to deride their superstitions and denounce their intoler-
ance." The church in Hingham began its existence under the
spiritual guidance of Rev. Peter Hobart, who was a man of too
large and liberal views to be a bigot in religious matters. Quoting
again from Mather, " his heart was knit in a most sincere and
hearty love towards pious men though they were not in all things
of his own persuasion, saying, ' I can carry them in my bosomc.' '
Under the lead of such a man there appears to have been no
unusual intolerance here. Possibly the discipline of the church
was no less severe in Hingham than in the neighboring towns,
but he who searches our early church records will find no mention
of such cases of discipline as are found in the records of many
churches.

It may be that the ecclesiastical history of Hingham is very
much like that of many other New England towns, but we cannot
study it closely without being impressed with one central and
pervading principle, — not that of intolerance, but of independence.

That independent spirit which gave the people of this town the
courage born of their convictions, the boldness to assert their
opinions, the determination to establish and maintain their faith,
and the resolute adherence to the right of search after truth
according to the dictates of conscience, is manifest throughout
all their history.

That independent spirit is seen in our Puritan ancestors, who
left their homes, crossed the sea, and settled here to escape per-
secution ; in Peter Hobart, the bold, fearless, resolute man, in his
controversy with the magistrates ; in Ebenezer Gay, who dared
to promulgate broader and more progressive opinions than most
of his contemporaries ; in the inhabitants of the Second Precinct
and South Parish in their determined efforts to secure for them-
selves independent churches ; in the founders of the Third Con-
gregational Society ; in the Baptists and Methodists, who struggled
and persisted in establishing churches of their own faiths, over-
coming opposition amounting almost to persecution ; and in the
more peaceful, yet none the less loyal efforts of those of other
churches, whose history lias been told.

Out of all this independence has come logically a spirit of toler-
ation. There can hardly be found in New England a community
in which there is so much liberty of religious opinion as in Hing-
ham. Ministers of the various churches have been accustomed to
stand in each others' pulpits and deliver their holy messages to
appreciative and sympathizing congregations, and in the spirit of
true Christianity are always ready to lend a helping hand and
speak a consoling word to any who are in trouble, regardless of
denominational affiliations. Happily for the welfare of the town,

VOL. I. — 6*

82 History of Hingham.

the members of all churches are at peace with each other. They
differ without acrimony, each in his own way endeavoring to
" worship the Father in spirit and in truth, for the Father seeketh
such to worship Him."

" In pleasant lands have fallen the lines
That bound our goodly heritage ;
And safe beneath our sheltering vines

Our youth is blessed, and soothed our age.

" What thanks, O God, to thee are due,
That thou didst plant our fathers here,
And watch and guard them as they grew,
A vineyard to the Planter dear.

" Thy kindness to our fathers shown,

In weal and woe, through all the past,
Their grateful sons, O God ! shall own,
While here their name and race shall last."

EDUCATION.

BY FRANCIS H. LINCOLN.

Where schools are not vigorously and honourably encouraged, whole colonies
will sink apace into a degenerate and contemptible condition, and at last become
horribly barbarous ; and the first instance of their barbarity will be, that they will be
undone for want of men, but not see and own what it is that undid them.

Mather's Magnolia.

PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

It is impossible to determine accurately at what date a school
was first kept in Hingham. That one existed very early is certain,
for in 1661-62 we find an item in the Selectmen's Records for
money " paid to John Stodder and Joseph Church for worke done
about the Schoole house." In another place an account will be
given of the several schoolhouses built by the town, and it will be
shown that the site of the earliest buildings was on the hill for-
merly in front of the Academy. It was on this hill that the first
meeting-house was erected, as we know, but there is no evidence
of the date of its erection, as there is none of the erection of a
schoolhouse prior to 1661-62. It is natural to suppose that
Church and School early received the attention of the first
settlers. By a law of 1642 " respecting children and youth,"
it was ordered : —

il Forasmuch as the good education of children is of singular behoof and
benefit to any commonwealth, and whereas many parents and masters are
too indulgent and negligent of their duty in that kind :

" It is ordered, that the selectmen of every town, in the several precincts
and quarters where they dwell, shall have a vigilant eye over their breth-
ren and neighbors, to see, first that nr<ne of them shall suffer so much
barbarism in any of their families, as not to endeavor to teach, by them-
selves or others, their children and apprentices, so much learning, as may
enable them perfectly to read the English tongue, and knowledge of the
capital laws : upon penalty of twenty shillings for each neglect therein."

In 1647 towns were required by law to maintain a school. The
Massachusetts system dates from this act, which was as follows :

84 History of Hingliam.

" It being one chief project of that old deluder, Satan, to keep men
from the knowledge of the scripture, as in former times keeping them in
unknown tongues, so in these latter times by persuading from the use of
tongues, so that at least the true sense and meaning of the original might
be clouded and corrupted with false glosses of deceivers ; to the end that
learning may not be buried in the graves of our forefathers, in church and
commonwealth, the Lord assisting our endeavours ;

" It is therefore ordered by this Court and authority thereof ; that every
township within this jurisdiction, after the Lord hath increased them to the
number of fifty householders, shall then forthwith appoint one within
their towns to teach all such children as shall resort to him to write and
read, whose wages shall be paid either by the parents or masters of such
children or by the inhabitants in general, by way of supply, as the major
part of those that order the prudentials of the town shall appoint : pro-
vided that those who send their children be not oppressed by paying more
than they can have them taught for in other towns.

" And it is further ordered that where any town shall increase to the
number of one hundred families or householders, they shall set up a
grammar school, the master thereof being able to instruct youth so far as
they may be fitted for the university : and if any town neglect the per-
formance hereof above one year, then every such town shall pay five
pounds per annum to the next such school, till they shall perform this
order."

The best evidence which can be gathered confirms the belief
that the meeting-house and schoolhouse stood side by side ; that
the inhabitants of Hingham waited for no law to compel them to
regard the education of their youth ; but that from the beginning
of the settlement, their common-sense led them to see the neces-
sity of " so much learning as may enable them perfectly to read
the English tongue."

" It was then," says Mr. Horace Mann, " amid all their pri-
vations and dangers, that the Pilgrim Fathers conceived the
magnificent idea of a Free and Universal Education of the
People ; and amid all their poverty, they stinted themselves
to a still scantier pittance ; amid all their toils, they imposed
upon themselves still more burdensome labors ; amid all their
perils they braved still greater dangers, that they might find
the time and the means to reduce their grand conception to
practice.

" Two divine ideas filled their great hearts, — their duty to God
and to posterity. For the one, they built the church ; for the
other, they opened the school."

From 1668 to the present time we have definite records which
show clearly and distinctly the steady progress and growth of the
public schools in this town. Numerous items in the Selectmen's
Records show the amounts paid for building a schoolhouse and for
wages of teachers ; and in many cases the contracts with the
teachers are entered in full upon the records. It is interesting
to recall the method of making these contracts. We find the
following in 1670 : —

Education. 85

This Memorandum is to certifie those whom it may Concern, That the
Selectmen of Hingham have indented with Henry Smith as followeth ;
The said Henry Smith engageth that with care and dilligence he will
teach and instruct, until a year be expired, in Latin, Greek, & English, in
Writting and Arithmetick, such youths of the Inhabitants of Hingham, as
shall, for the fore mentioned Sciences, be sent unto their Schooll. And
the said Selectmen whose names are subscribed, doe on the behalfe of the
Towne of Hingham Promise and Ingage that the fore said Henry Smith
for his encouragement & pains, shall have 24 Pounds proportionally paid
him at the end of each Quarter of the fore said annual Term, in good mer-
chantable Corne at Price currant. The species are Wheat, Rye, Barley,
Pease, & Indian, Whereof a Third or Second is to be Indian Corn ; The
fore said year is to begin on the first of February 1 670 & to end on the
Last of January @ 1671. The said Henry Smith is to have a fortnight
Time a lowed him for a Jorney out of the year above said; in witness
whereof Both Parties have Interchangably set to our Hands This 12th of
January @ 1670.

Henry Smith.

Selectmen: Joshua Hobart,
John Smith,
John Thaxter,
Mathew Gushing,
Thomas Andrews.

This is a true Copy of the above written agreement,

as attest, John Smith, Clerk.

From the beginning until 1752 only one school was kept in the
town, and until 1709 there appears to have been no attempt to
change the place of keeping it from the north part of the town.
The first mention of a free school is found in a vote of the town
in 1709, when it was voted, "that it should be a free school this
present year." Before that time the schoolmaster's salary was
often paid by those who sent their children to school. We
find the rate stated explicitly in a vote passed in 1687 : " And it
[the salary] is to be paid by those persons in the town, that send
their children or servants to the said school, to be taught, who are
to pay for every boy that learns Latin, four pence per week, and
such as learn English two pence per week, and such as learn to
write and cypher, to pay three pence per week." If the scholars
did not pay enough to make up the required amount, what was
lacking was to be made up by a town rate upon the whole number
of inhabitants.

Public sentiment seemed to look with little favor upon marriage
as a qualification for a teacher in those early days. In 1690 it
was voted, " that the Selectmen of the town shall have a school-
master as cheap as they can get one, provided they shall hire a
single man, and not a man that have a family."

With the increase and spreading out of the inhabitants it is not
strange that many became dissatisfied with a never-changing loca-
tion, and the necessity of sending their children a long distance to

86 History of Hingham.

attend school. We find in 1708 a vote " that the grammar school
should be removed from that place where it have been of late
kept," but as it was left with the Selectmen "to appoint the places
in said Hingham where the said school shall be kept and how long
the said school shall be kept at a place," it is not certain that
they adopted any change of location, for in 1709 it was voted
" that the said school shall be kept at the usiall place the presant
year."

It was not until 1721 that a change appears to have been
brought about. With the building of a new schoolhouse on the
plain " near to Peter Ripley's," it was voted, " that the school
should be kept by Peter Ripley six months in one year."

The inhabitants of the Second Precinct, [Cohasset], now began
to assert themselves, and in this same year, 1721, they had their
proportion of a tax of £40, the amount appropriated for the
school, allowed them. Whether they set up a school of their
own at this time is not certain, as may appear from later votes,
but they were beginning to show a feeling of restlessness which,
from this and other causes, culminated in the setting off
of Cohasset, some fifty years later, as a. separate town. The
following vote in the precinct records is of interest in this
connection : —

'"March 31, 1721, John Farrow, Obediah Lincoln, and Joseph Bate are
chosen to take care concerning the school, and to take the money from
the town of Hingham and to dispose of it as followeth : one third part
of it to be paid to a school dame for teaching the children to read, and
two thirds of the money to he disposed of to teach the children to write
and to cipher."

For several years after 1721 the school seems to have been
kept, one half the time at the schoolhouse in " the town," as the
north part was called in distinction from other parts, and one
half the time in the schoolhouse near Peter Ripley's on " the
plain." March 31, 1724, the Second Precinct voted that "the
money that came from the town which is in the hands of John
Farrow, Obediah Lincoln and Joseph Bate, should be disposed of
to learn the children to read and write in this precinct."

In 1726 the town refused to have the school kept any part of
the year in Cohasset ; and again, in 1727, the petition of Cohasset
to have the school one third of the year, or the proportion of
money its inhabitants paid for the school, was refused. In 1728,
however, the just demands of the outlying districts seem to have
been recognized, and another step in the growth of the system
was taken. Cohasset and Great Plain were allowed to draw out
of the town treasury their proportion of what they paid towards
the .£80 raised for the support of schools, provided they " imploy
the same for and towards the support of a school among them-
selves and for no other use;" and Great Plain was permitted to

Education. 87

remove the schoolhouse near Peter Ripley's where it should best
accommodate them, provided they did it at their own expense.

The further demands of Cohasset received recognition in 1730,
for although the town refused to build a schoolhouse there, it
allowed Cohasset to draw out of the town treasury the whole of
what it paid towards the building of a schoolhouse in 1721-22
(the one near Peter Ripley's, now removed to Great Plain), pro-
vided the same should be applied to building a schoolhouse in
Cohasset; and in 1734 £10 additional for this purpose was
granted to Cohasset.

For a few years following 1730 Cohasset and Great Plain were
allowed to draw out their proportion of the school money, but the
town did not settle upon a definite arrangement for the keeping
of " the school in different portions of the town " until 1734, at
the time of the grant of the additional £10 just mentioned to
Cohasset. In 1734 it was voted, " to have a school the year en-
suing, and but one," and " that the school should be kept in three
places in said town the year ensuing, viz. : — at the school-house
in the town part so called ; at the school-house in the Great
Plain ; and in the precinct of Cohasset ; and the time the school
shall be kept in each of those places shall be proportioned ac-
cording to what the inhabitants and estates in each of those parts
pay towards the support of the same." This arrangement con-
tinued without essential variation until 1752, the town having
refused, in 1738, to have two schools.

In 1752 a still further growth must be noted. Now for the
first time two schools were established. It was voted, "to have
one grammar and one writing and reading school within the town
the year ensuing. The grammar school to be kept in the North
school-house the whole of the year, and the writing and reading
school to be kept seven months within the said year in the school-
house in the east precinct [Cohasset] and four months in the
school-house in the south parish."

Continuing upon this plan through this and the three succeed-
ing years, in 1756 Cohasset was permitted " to draw their full
proportion of the money raised for the support of schools in lieu
of the seven months' time" above-mentioned; and in 1757 the
arrangement was further modified by a vote that the schools
should be regulated the same as in 1752, " only that there be one
kept 5 months in the year on the plain in the north parish, and
that each precinct draw their just proportion of money raised for
the support of the schools."

No further change from this modified plan was made until
1763, when the following vote was passed : —

" Voted, that the inhabitants of each parish should draw their just pro-
portion of money raised the year ensuing for the use of the schools and
improve the same as they shall determine by a major vote of their inhabi-
tants aforesaid, and that the Grammar school should be kept in the north
parish."

88 History of Hingham.

No further change seems to have been made m this arrange-
ment until 1781, although the records make it somewhat doubtful
whether any money was raised for the support of schools for the
single year of 1779. It should also be borne in mind at this
point that Cohasset was set off and incorporated as a separate
town in 1770, at which time of course she dropped out of our
school system.

It may also be noted that in 1767 appears the first mention
on the records of a school for girls. In that year the town voted
to build a schoolhouse " on their land near the North School-
house, to be used for keeping a female school." There is no
authentic evidence that such a schoolhouse was built at that
time, although the school itself may have been established in
some room hired for the purpose. Female teachers are mentioned
in the Second Precinct records in 1768 and 1769.

1781 marks another point in the history of our public schools.
Apparently there was not entire satisfaction with the existing
arrangement. At the March meeting a committee was appointed
to " strike out a plan for the regulation of the town schools the
year ensuing, to report next May meeting." The committee's
report, which was accepted, was as follows : —

" That the town raise a sufficient sum of money to keep three schools
the year through, to teach Reading, Writing, and Arithmetick. — One
school to be kept in the center of the North Parish the year through ;
the west end of the North Parish to have six months schooling, and the
Plain to have six months schooling ; the South Parish to have a school
the year through, and to [be] shifted so us to accommodate the Parish,
with liberty for the Inhabitants to send their children to either of the
schools as shall best accommodate them."

The grammar school, for which an appropriation was refused
in 1779 appears not to have been maintained as such from that
time until 1782, when it was again provided for.

In 1786 it was voted to keep four schools the year through, —
one grammar, and three for reading, writing, and arithmetic.

In 1787 Samuel Norton, Caleb Thaxter, Col. Charles Cushing,
and Jacob Leavitt were chosen a committee to assist the Select-
men in taking care of and providing for the schools. This was
the first move towards the election of a School Committee, but
it does not appear to have been followed up annually thereafter
until 1794. From and after that date, however, the town con-
tinued annually to elect a School Committee to assist the Select-
men, until the passage of the law in March 1827 (Acts of 1826,
chap. 143), by which towns were first required to elect a School
Committee with new powers. The records of the School Commit-
tee of Hingham begin in 1794, and are unbroken down to the
present time.

No further change occurred in the general arrangement until
1794, except that in 1791, 1792, and 1793, the grammar school was

Education. 89

transferred to the Plain and the school formerly on the Plain was
transferred to " the center of the North Parish," and wood
was provided for by a general tax. Up to this time each scholar
had been required to furnish his share of firewood.

With the election of a School Committee in 1794 new life was
instilled into the school system.

The whole history of our public schools may easily be divided
into periods.

The first period, which has now been covered, extends from the
beginning to 1794.

The second period begins in 1794 with an elaborate report of
a committee appointed to consult about the regulation of the
schools, which was accepted in May, 1794, the principal items of
which follow : —

" 1. The Grammar School shall be kept on the Plain.

" 2. The several masters to be employed in the town schools shall be
capable of instructing the English Grammar, — one school to be kept in
the center of the North Parish, — one at the west end of the North
parish — and one and one half in the South Parish.

" There shall be five female schools for six months, viz. : — one at the
west end of the North Parish ; one in the center of said Parish ; one on
the Plain ; half an one at Rocky Nook ; and one and one half in the
South Parish."

Reading, Spelling, "Writing, and Needle-work were the branches
to be taught in the female schools.

The masters were to keep three hours in the forenoon and three
in the afternoon each day in the week except Saturdays in the
afternoon ; and were allowed one day at annual March meeting,
one half-day at the Derby Lecture, one half-day at annual April
meeting, election day, two days for trainings, and four days more
at their election.

The second period extends to 1828, when the number of schools
had increased to five male and eight female. It is not necessary
to follow all the details through these thirty-four years, but it
is interesting to notice that the principal feature was the con-
stantly increasing attention paid to the education of girls. With
the beginning of this period we have the names of " male " and
" female " schools. This designation continued in use until 1849.
These names were first adopted to indicate the sex of the scholars,
and not of the teachers. As early as 1800, however, girls of
twelve years of age and upwards were permitted to attend certain
of the "male" schools in the winter months, and boys under
nine were permitted to attend certain " female " schools in the
summer months. These ages were changed somewhat in subse-
quent years, the age for the winter privileges for girls being
reduced to ten years. It was during this period also that mis-
tresses as well as masters were first employed. In many respects
these were years of growth, — but the system was faulty and

90 History of Hingham.

inconsistent with the full development of universal education.
In these later days, when girls and boys are entitled to equal
privileges and are held up to equal requirements in education, it
seems humiliating to think that the girls were held in such low
esteem by our ancestors, although Hingham was not peculiar in
this respect. It is a pleasure to know that they began, in this
second period of our school history, to receive some measure of
justice, however inadequate and tardy it seems to have been.

When it is stated that "■ female schools "' were first established
by the new regulations of 1794, it must not be understood that
girls were first educated at public expense at that time. It was
then that distinct and special education of girls was first pro-
vided for. There is satisfactory evidence that girls received in-
struction at the public expense in the masters' schools with the
boys, but not at so early an age as the boys.

To understand our school system, its growth and development,
we must know exactly what was aimed at. It should be kept in
mind always that, from the earliest settlement, the object of the
school was to fit boys for college, and to give those who could not
go to college instruction in the rudiments only ; and all that it
was proposed to teach the girls was to enable them to read and
write. Early instruction in the art of reading was generally
begun by the girls at home or in the numerous private schools
taught by elderly women and known as the " dame schools."
When they were sufficiently advanced, they were sent to the
master, by whom they were taught to write, something of gram-
mar, but rarely anything in geography or arithmetic. The girls'
schools were first established, not so much to give additional
advantages in these branches as to give instruction in needlework
and knitting, which useful branches of learning were outside of
the qualifications of the master to teach. The order of instruction
and discipline in one of these schools has been described by one
of its scholars: "The children were seated on benches around
three sides of the room, the teacher occupying a position near the
other side. The order of exercises was reading, then sewing,
with an allotted task to complete before the close of the school,
which was ended with an exercise in spelling."

The close of this period, in 1828, found our schools badly
arranged, uncomfortably crowded in many cases, and not satis-
fying the demands of an intelligent and generous community.
We can hardly realize how even the first elements of knowledge
could have been forced into the minds of the children, — for they
certainly did learn much, — when we consider that large numbers
were crowded into small rooms, and a la.'ge proportion of the
girls were deprived of the advantages of the schools for many
months in the year. It is not strange that public-spirited men
wero found in this town who had the courage to grapple with
the problem and insist upon a radical change in a system so full
of evils.

Education. 91

In 1808 there occurred an event which is thus recorded by the
School Committee : —

" Oct. 23. Met for the purpose of making some arrangements for a pro-
cession of the scholars of the town to the Meeting-house of the First
Parish on Wednesday the 26th inst. at 2 o'clock p. m., to attend a
Lecture to be delivered to the Youth of the town by the Rev. Joseph
Richardson.

" Six marshals were chosen and the singers of the town were requested
to attend the Lecture ' and that those who play on instruments be re-
quested to attend the procession as well as Lecture.' "

On the appointed day upwards of two hundred and eighty
scholars of both sexes formed in procession and marched to the
meeting-house, where " a well-adapted and highly pertinent dis-
course was pronounced to them and a crowded auditory by the
Rev. Mr. Richardson, from the 4th chapter of Proverbs, and
13th verse : ' Take fast hold of Instruction : let her not go : keep
her : for she is thy life.' "

Similar " Lectures " were delivered in the same place by Rev.
Mr. Richardson in 1809 and 1810.

Before leaving this second period, some of the votes passed by
the School Committee will be found interesting; : —

io

1796. "The masters are to observe a uniform system of government
in their schools and inculcate in their scholars a decent and respectful de-
portment towards their superiors out of school and in particular to instruct
them not to enter the Gardens, Orchards, or other enclosures of the In-
habitants or in any measure to injure or rob the same."

1797. "Voted, that the Masters and Mistresses of the several schools
be directed to read a chapter in the Bible every morning to their scholars
and that those of them, who are far enough advanced in reading, use the
Bible as their school book on Saturdays."

1800. "Voted that the Instructors of the several schools be directed to
see that the scholars be each furnished with suitable books, that they be
kept clean, that the scholars have clean face and hands and their hair
combed when attending school."

a

1809. List of Books adopted : —

Primer — Columbian Orthographer. Morse's Geography.

Child's Assistant. Bible.

American Reader.1 Judson's Grammar.

Juvenile Instructor. Perry's Dictionary.

Beauties of the Bible. Adams's Arithmetic.
Constitutions of Massachusetts, United
States, &c.

The following votes of the town relating to the heating of the
schoolhouses indicate the course of popular opinion upon the
subject : —

1 This was the first school reader published which consisted wholly of selections
*S A™en™n authors ; and was compiled by Rev. Joseph Richardson, the minister
of the First Parish in Hingham.

92 History of Hingham.

1799. " Voted to have one stove in one of the school-houses and the
selectmen procure it."

1800. "Voted that the article which respects procuring stoves for the
schools be left to the judgment of the School Committee."

1806. "Voted that the Selectmen and School Committee be a com-
mittee to look into the expediency of removing the stoves in school-
houses and report at April meeting."

The report was as follows : —

" Your committee appointed to look into the expediency of removing
the stoves in the schoolhouses, report as follows, that they would recom-
mend the use of dry hard wood and the use of an iron dish of water on
the stoves. And would further recommend to the Instructors to pay
attention to their fires in stoves and see they are not kindled too early in
the morning, and admit of fresh air from the upper sashes of the windows."

Report agreed to.

From the fact that a change in the school system was insisted
upon, it must not be assumed that public opinion in Hingham
differed from that of other towns in Massachusetts. Undoubt-
edly evils which attracted attention here existed as well else-
where ; and fortunately for the cause of education, the law of 182G,
before alluded to, made some changes a necessity. That law was
the first to require towns to elect a School Committee who should
have "the general charge and superintendence of the public
schools." The members of the committee were to be satisfied
with the character and qualifications of the teachers, to visit the
schools at stated times for the purposes of examination, of seeing
to the proper supply of schoolbooks, and of acquainting them-
selves with the regulation and discipline. They were to direct
and determine the books to be used, which were paid for by the
parents unless the town assessors were of opinion that any par-
ents were not able to pay for them, in which case a part or
the whole of the cost of the same might be abated. A penalty
was imposed upon towns neglecting to elect a School Committee.
The committee were required to report annually to the Secre-
tary of the Commonwealth the cost of the schools, the number of
scholars, and other facts, according to blanks furnished for the
purpose.

This law also allowed towns to form within their limits school
districts ; and the " district system " was in existence in many
towns. The district system was never adopted by Hingham, be
it said to her credit, so that there is no necessity of entering upon
any discussion of this iniquitous feature of the Massachusetts plan.
Fortunately, the laws of the Commonwealth have now abolished
it. Horace Mann said of it in 1847 : " I consider the law of 1789,
the germ of which may be found in the Province Law of 8 Geo.
I., ch. 1 (Anc. Ch., p. 666), authorizing towns to divide themselves
into districts, the most unfortunate law on the subject of com-
mon schools ever enacted in the State."

Education. 93

And so those who felt the necessity of a change in this town
were stimulated by the law of 1826 (passed March 10, 1827), into
action. At the town-meeting on March 10, 1828, the Report of
the School Committee was read and accepted, which contained a
recommendation of the committee " that the town should choose
a committee to take into consideration the subject of an alteration
in our present system of schools, agreeable to the present law."
That committee presented the following report to the town, which
was accepted, and which is given in full because it clearly states
the necessities of the case as recognized by those who were thor-
oughly interested in the schools.

REPORT.

The Committee chosen by the Town in March last to prepare and re-
port a System for the regulation of the Schools have given to the subject
a mature and deliberate consideration, and ask leave respectfully to re-
port, that from an examination of our present school system and also of
the Law of the Commonwealth passed March 10, 1827, "to provide for
the instruction of youth," the Committee think some alteration and im-
provements of the present arrangement of the Schools are indispensably
necessary to advance the cause of good education among us, as well as to
comply with the provisions of the law.

The most obvious defects of our present system are too large a number
of pupils in our male schools, and their admission to those schools at too
early an age, and at a period when female instruction would be more val-
uable to them and expedient for the town, both on considerations of econ-
omy and practical utility. A large number of females are also deprived
of the privileges of our free schools for a considerable portion of the
year.

The Act before referred to will require this town to be provided with
a teacher competent to instruct, in addition to the branches usually taught
in our town schools, the History of the United States, book-keeping by
single entrjr, geometry, surveying, and algebra.

To remedy existing evils and to comply with the provisions of the law,
the committee are unanimously of opinion that an increase of expenditure
for the support of schools is unavoidable.

After much deliberation the committee have voted to recommend to the
town the adoption of the following system for the regulation of their
schools for the ensuing year, viz. : —

There shall be in the West District, one male school of twelve months',
and one female school of twelve months' duration.

In the North District, one male school of twelve months, and one female
school of twelve months.

In the Middle District, one male school of twelve months, and one fe-
male school of twelve months on the Lower Plain, and one female school
of six months at Rocky Neck.

In the North District of the South Ward, one male school of ten
months (exclusive of vacations), and one female school of twelve months,
— and in the South District of said Ward, one male school of six months
and one female school of six mouths, and in addition to the foregoing, if
the School Committee shall determine them to be necessary, another

94 History of Hinc/ham.

female school in the North Ward and another in the Middle Ward, at such
seasons and for such term of time (not to exceed six months to each) as
they may deem expedient and proper.

And in order to comply with the law before referred to, the Committee
recommend to the town to authorize and direct the School Committee to
provide teachers for the male schools in the West, North, and Middle
School Districts, and in the North District of the South Ward, who are
competent to instruct in addition to the branches usually taught in our
town schools, the History of the United States, book-keeping by single
entry, geometry, surveying, and algebra, — the school in the North Dis-
trict of the South Ward to be for the benefit of all such children of said
Ward, as the School Committee shall direct.

The ages and qualifications for admission to the male schools to be
fixed and determined by the School Committee.

The Committee estimate the sum necessary to be raised by the town to
pay the teachers' salaries under the proposed system, provided all the ad-
ditional female schools are established, and also to provide for any prob-
able increase of the salaries of the male teachers, to be $2193.

The amount paid for salaries of teachers in the past year was $1686.
and in the year previous $1856.

All of which is respectfully submitted by order of the Committee.

Solomon Lincoln, Jr.,

Hingham, April 7th, 1828. Chairman.

The following rules and regulations were adopted by the School
Committee : —

" In the West, North, and Lower Plain Districts no males shall be ad-
mitted to the male schools until they are seven years of age ; and females
may be admitted to those schools at the age of ten years. In the female
schools in said districts, no males or females shall be admitted until they
are four years of age, and the males shall not be permitted to attend them
after they are seven years of age.

" In Rocky Neck District, males and females shall be admitted to the
school when four years of age ; and males when seven, and females when
ten years of age, belonging to said district, may be admitted to the male
school on the Lower Plain, on making application for the privilege.

" In the North District of the South Ward, males shall be admitted to
the male school of ten months' duration in said ward, at the age of seven
years, and females may be admitted at the age of ten years. The regula-
tions for the admission of scholars to the female school in this district
shall be the same as in the West, North, and Lower Plain Districts.

" In the South District of the South Ward, males and females shall be
admitted to the female school in the district, when four years of age ; but
males when seven and females when ten years of age, shall enjoy the
privilege of attending the male school for the ward, whenever they wish
to exercise it.

"The schools shall be kept three hours in the forenoon and three in the
afternoon of each day in the week (Sundays and Saturdays, in the after-
noon, excepted) allowing five minutes, and no more, each half-day, for an
intermission.

"There shall be vacations in all the schools, as follows, viz. : — The
first week in July ; one week at the annual Thanksgiving ; one day at the

Education. 95

annua] Town Meeting in March ; one day at the annual April Meet-
ing, and one day at the General Election ; also four days at the election
of the Instructors of the Annual schools, and two days at the election of
the Instructors of the Semi-annual schools.

" The studies pursued in the male schools shall be Orthography, Read-
ing, Writing, English Grammar, Geography, Arithmetic, History of the
United States, Book-keeping by single entry, Geometry, Surveying, and
Algebra.

" The Instructors of the female schools shall teach Orthography, Read-
ing, Writing, English Grammar, Geography, Arithmetic, and Needle-work."

There were numerous other regulations concerning morality
and discipline.

School districts to regulate the attendance of scholars at the
several schools were adopted, and these have been practically
unchanged to the present time.

The education of the girls was the principal feature of the
second period. The same is true of the third period, beginning in
1828, though in a greater degree. Now for the first time many
of the female schools were kept all the year, and the time was
fast approaching when girls should have privileges of education
on an equality with boys. The only difference at this time was
that girls could not go to the masters' schools until they were ten
years of age, while boys could attend them at seven. The times
were not yet ripe for perfect equality, but it is gratifying to know
that public opinion was preparing to recognize women as the
intellectual peers of men.

A better equalization of the schools, so far as the number of
pupils was concerned, must also be mentioned as a distinguishing
characteristic of this period.

The system thus established continued in favor with the School
Committee and the town until 1841 without change. The schools
kept pace with the demands of the time. The need of a better
organization of the educational interests of the Commonwealth
brought about, in 1837 (Acts of 1837, chap. 241), the establish-
ment of the Board of Education, " to the end that all children in
this Commonwealth, who depend upon common schools for in-
struction, may have the best education which these schools can
be made to impart."

Interest in the cause of education was active throughout the
State ; and, as in all times of her history, Hingham was mindful
of the needs of her children.

In 1841 a modification of the system was adopted, by which the
"female schools" in various parts of the town were more carefully
graded, and in that year we find for the first time " Primary
Schools" established in the West, North, and Middle Districts,
and the North District of the South Ward, for the benefit of the
youngest children, — the female schools still existing, however,
and designated as the " elder " schools in the School Committee's
records.

96 History of Hingham.

The third period may be considered as ending in 1849, the
schools having been conducted upon the system adopted, in its
most important parts, in 1828, and with the close of this third
period the designation of " male " and " female " schools disap-
pears from our records.

To say that the times had grown to the necessity of another
change detracts nothing from the praise justly due to those who
inaugurated the system which went into operation in 1828. It
was a great advance on that which had preceded it, as that, in its
day and generation, was an improvement on the former one.
" Tempora mutantur et nos in illis mutamur."

The following extract from a letter signed "A." (supposed to
be from Mr. A. B. AlcottJ) to the " Hingham Patriot," July 16,
1847, gives an impression made by our schools at that time : —

"With the schools in Hingham, both public and private, as a whole, I
am much pleased. In the first place, I find, with hardly a solitary excep-
tion, good schoolhouses. They have been recently built and are spacious,
airy, and convenient.

" In teaching, superintending, and visiting schools for about thirty
years, I have always taken great pleasure in finding the laws of cleanli-
ness duly regarded. I love to see cleanliness of person, dress, books,
furniture, walls, and floors. These I love because they are exceedingly
rare — almost as rare as diamonds. They are valuable, moreover, just as
diamonds are, in proportion to their scarcity.

" But these precious jewels to which I have alluded abound in Hing-
ham, and I take great pleasure in saying so. I do not indeed, by this
affirmation, mean to set the inhabitants of this place over all their neigh-
bors. Many, taking the whole of New England together, are beginning
to act nobly in this particular. At present, however, I must say, for
truth compels me, I do not recollect to have seen anywhere else such
clean schoolhouse walls and floors as in this re»ion."

"to"

The fourth period began in 1849. The systematic grading of the
schools, which in all its essential details is the plan of to-day, was
adopted, and we find in the annual report of the School Commit-
tee made in March, 1850, that there were twelve schools supported
by the town, viz. : two Primary, four Intermediate, four Gram-
mar, and two Mixed schools. To-day there are three additional
Primary schools, which were introduced in those districts where
the Intermediate schools had grown uncomfortably large ; but no
new districts have been formed. The High school has also been
added to the number of schools, — making sixteen in all.

As in the former periods, so in this, the town, through its
School Committee, has been alive to the best ideas of the best
educators; and while a proper spirit of conservatism has always
tended to the maintenance of what has been found valuable, by
long experience, in methods of teaching, yet with a progressive
spirit, the new methods have received their just and adequate
consideration. Never a town to be led away by the gloss of ." the
new" solely because of its newness, it has always been ready to

Education. 97

adopt whatever reason dictated as valuable in modern thought.
Uniformly liberal in its appropriations, it lias always shown a true
appreciation of universal education as the strong foundation of
our institutions. It has elected upon its School Committee the
men in whom it had confidence, and that confidence has been
shown by the annual vote for years past " that the regulation of
the schools be referred to the School Committee.1' Nor has that
confidence been abused. With a zealous desire to work for the
general good, the members of the School Committee have uni-
formly endeavored to make the schools an honor to the town.

The past twenty years have been years of great activity in edu-
cational matters. Their history is too recent for extended com-
ment, and what has been accomplished for the Hingham schools
can be readily ascertained from the printed reports of the School
Committee. Posterity must judge of the effects.

Two causes may be mentioned as having a stimulating effect
upon the work in our schools during these later years : The es-
tablishment of the High School caused increased activity in the
lower grades ; the appointment of a School Superintendent en-
abled the committee to carry on the work in all the schools on a
more systematic and efficient plan.

For comparison with previous regulations, the hours of school
sessions and vacations at the present time are here given.

The school year begins on the first Monday of September and
embraces forty weeks of school-keeping.

There are two sessions daily in all the schools except the High
School, viz. : from 9 to 12, with a recess of fifteen minutes, and
from 1.30 to 3.30, without a recess. There is one session in the
High School, from 9 to 2 o'clock.

The vacations are : Thanksgiving Day and the day following ;
a week at Christmas ; Fast Day week ; a summer vacation of ten
weeks. The holidays are : Saturday of each week ; the twenty-
second of February ; Annual March-Meeting Day ; Decoration
Day ; Labor Day ; two days of the Agricultural Fair.

School Superintendents.

The School Committee in their Annual Report to the town in
March, 1872, made the following statement: —

" Your committee have come to the deliberate conclusion, after giving
much thought and discussion to the subject, that the school system of
Hingham can never reach its highest efficiency and success without a
faithful Superintendent. No one member of the committee can afford to
give the time and attention to school matters which they constantly de-
mand ; and it is a work which can be more advantageously attended to by
a single person than when divided among several."

VOL. i. — 7 *

98 History of Hingham.

They therefore recommended the appointment of a Public School
Superintendent, who should be the executive officer of the School
Committee, acting under their direction, and directly responsible
to them in all school matters. The School Committee would
then, under the statutes, be simply a prudential committee, hav-
ing the charge of the school property, and an advisory board, serv-
ing without pecuniary compensation.

The town adopted the recommendation and chose a School
Committee of twelve with authority to employ a superintendent.
The following have been elected to that office : —

T>

Rev. John Snyder 1872-1872

Rev. Allen G. Jennings 1872-1881

John F. Turgeon 1881-1882

William C. Bates 1 882-1 8S4

Allen P. Soule 1884-1887

Louis P. Nash 1887-

The High School.

The term "High School" does not appear in our statutes from
the earliest time until the publication of the Public Statutes in
1882, but for many years, by common usage, it has been the des-
ignation of those schools which the statutes required to be " kept
for the benefit of the whole town."

The act of 1(347 required every township of one hundred fami-
lies to maintain a grammar school, whose master should be qual-
ified to fit boys for the University.

In 1692 the master of this school was to be " well instructed in
the tongues."

In 1789 such a school was to be maintained by towns having
two hundred families, the master of which was to be " well in-
structed in the Latin, Greek, and English languages."

The grammar school of those days must not be confounded with
those of the same name at the present time. They were under-
stood to be the schools in which Latin and Greek were taught.
The grammar school was the head of the system of gradation in
the town-schools, and therefore the type of the High School of
to-day.

The act of 1826 established our present system of High Schools.
Towns of five hundred families were required to maintain one
school of the higher grade, but Latin and Greek were not required
to be taught until towns had a population of 4000. The increased
number of Academies throughout the Commonwealth afforded
facilities for classical instruction, and undoubtedly had the effect
of eliminating Latin and Greek from the list of required studies
in the advanced schools of the smaller towns.

In 1857 (Acts of 1857, chap. 206) the list of studies required
to be taught in all the public schools was revised. Latin and seve-

Education.

99

ral of the sciences were included in those required in the school
" for the benefit of the whole town," in towns of 4000 inhabitants.
Hingham had grown to this required population, and from this
time until the establishment of our High School in 1872, the legal
requirements were not carried out.

That no such school, in accordance with the requirements of
the later statute, was kept in Hingham until 1872 must not be at-
tributed to any desire of the town to avoid the law. The princi-
pal reason for this neglect arose probably from the fact that the
branches usually taught in High Schools were taught in the Derby

SSS^***

THE HINGHAM HIGH SCHOOL.

Academy, and in great measure the children of the town were
furnished with such instruction as to comply with the spirit of the
law. Two unsuccessful efforts were made by the town to make the
Academy serve the purpose contemplated by the statute, a more
particular account of which will be found in the history of the
Academy. But the Academy was not recognized by the Common-
wealth as a High School, and the town's portion of the Massa-
chusetts School Fund was consequently withheld. There was no
choice for the town. Any inhabitant could demand a free edu-
cation for his child, such as the law made provision for.

All hope of utilizing the Academy as a High School having dis-
appeared, the town took the necessary action, and in 1872 the
Hingham High School became a reality. The school has main-
tained a high rank from the beginning. Mr. Jacob 0. Sanborn
has been its principal teacher from the opening of the school to

100 History of Hingham.

the present time. To say that this has been fortunate for the
town is small measure of praise for one " who has impressed him-
self upon the youth of the town," in its higher education, with an
unfailing attachment of pupils and parents alike.

The school has constantly increased in its annual member-
ship. Beginning with two regular teachers, their number has
been increased to four.

The number in attendance at the opening of the school in 1872 was 39
The number in attendance in September, 1891, was 106

The whole course is four years, and the studies are arranged so
that a Classical or English course may be pursued at the election
of the pupil. There is also a special course arranged for those
who desire to fit themselves for college or the higher educational
institutions.

For twelve years or more, under the energetic superintendence
of Mr. Sanborn, there was an organization of the scholars called
the " High School Industrial Society." The sweeping of the
schoolrooms was done by the members of this society, for which
they were paid by the town. With the money thus earned many
articles for the permanent benefit of the school were purchased,
and it is largely due to the voluntary exertions of this society
that our High School has an excellent and valuable collection of
chemical and philosophical apparatus.

Rev. John Lewis Russell, who died in Salem, Mass., June 7,
1873, and who was once the minister of the Second Parish in this
town, by his will gave " to the Town of Hingham one thousand
dollars as a fund to aid in the support of a public High School in
that town." This legacy was to be paid after the decease of his
wife and his sister, and became available in the latter part of
1889. At the annual meeting, March 3, 1890, the town passed
the following vote : —

*»

Voted, That the legacy from the late Rev. John Lewis Russell be
accepted by the town ; that the investment and management thereof be
entrusted to a board of three, to be known as the Trustees of the John
Lewis Russell Fund, said board to consist of the town treasurer, ex officio,
and two citizens to be chosen annually by the town ; the income of said
fund to be held at the disposal of the school committee, to be expended
by it for the benefit of the High School.

Cost op the Public Schools.

The following table shows the comparative cost of the public
schools. It does not include the amounts paid for the erection of
schoolhouses. It must be borne in mind that a considerable
number of children in town have always been educated in
private schools at private expense, which of course is not included
in the table. The amounts have varied somewhat, but dates

1670 .

. £24.

1855 . .

1695 .

. 35.

1870 . . .

1715 .

. 40.

1871 . . .

1728 .

. 80.

1760 .

. 90.

1872 . . .

1765 .

. 100.

1781 .

. 130.

1873 . . .

1783 .

. 144.

1780 .

. 200.

1874-1878

1793 .

. 300.

1884 . . .

1828 as

,076.00.

1832 . i

1,524.78.

1891 . . .

1848 . 1

!, 53 1.84.

Numbers of

Education, 101

are selected to show the tendency of a steadily increasing cost.
Spasms of economy occasionally reduced the amount for a year
or two : —

$5,212.50.
8,845.33.
11,944.10, including music teacher,

SI, 000.
13,961.23, including High School

one half-vear.
15,373.25, including High School

whole year.
12,710.78, lowest, $15,028.22, high-
est.
15,115.69, including schoolbooks

one half-year.
15,820.72, including schoolbooks
whole year.

Pupils.

The statute of 1826 was the first to require returns to be made
by School Committees to the Commonwealth.

For some ten years previously, the School Committee's records
give the numbers on the lists at the several visitations of the
Committee during the year. The October visitations show the
largest numbers; and in that month, from 1817 to 1827 inclusive,
the numbers vary from 457 to 537.

To show how unequally the schools were arranged previously to
the new system adopted in 1828, and how impossible it was for a
single teacher to accomplish good results, I give the numbers on
the lists of a few of the male schools ; and it must be remembered
that the schoolrooms were much smaller than the smallest in use
at the present time.

In 1828 one school had 109 pupils on its list; in 1825 two
schools had 87 pupils each ; in 1826 five schools had 77, 77, 90,

93, and 99 pupils respectively ; in 1827, five schools had 60, 38,

94, 103, and 105 pupils respectively.

The annual returns to the Commonwealth give the following as
the numbers belonging to the Public Schools : —

1829 . . . 610. 1870 . . . 640.

1830 . . . 642. 1880 . . . 775.
1849 . . . 664. 1890 . . . 741.
1860 . . . 686.

In 1890 the average membership of all the schools was 648.7.
The per cent of attendance, based on the average number belong-

and fifteen

ing, was 90.6.

Census of children

Vporc •

in town May 1, between five

1828 . .
1838 . .
1848 . .
1850 . .

. 879. 1860 . . . 837.
. 995. 1870 . . . 784.
. 864. 1880 . . . 696.
. 747. 1890 . . . 559.

102 History of Hing/tam.

The Poor and School Fund.

The following is from the report of the Auditors to the town,
April 30, 1879 : —

" The foundation of the Poor and School Fund was laid in the action of
the proprietors of the undivided lands in Hingham, who, at a meeting held
April 9, 1788,

" ' Voted, That all the Proprietors' ways and undivided lands he given up
to the town for their use and benefit forever, on the conditions following, viz.:
That a highway be laid out, beginning at the Northerly end of the road
leading from Thomas Cushing's house, to extend North 27 degrees West,
and four rods in width, till it comes into the town road leading from
Great Plain. Also that a road be laid out, beginning at the Northwest
corner of the road leading from Elisha Lane's shop, to extend North 49
decrees West, three rods in width, till it comes into the aforesaid road, and
that the land between the two roads aforesaid be reserved for a Burying-
place, and that no building be erected upon the said Training-field or
Burying-ground.

'• ' That the town accept the aforesaid roads and all the Proprietors'
ways, and repair them as other Public roads, if necessary.'

'•These lands were held by the town, no part being sold until 1818,
when, by a special act of the Legislature, entitled ' an act to authorize the
town of Hingham to sell real estate,' the inhabitants were empowered at
any legal meeting to appoint ' a committee of three discreet freeholders,'
who should have power to sell and pass deeds of any and all parcels of
land held by said inhabitants. The second section of this act is as follows,
viz. : —

" ' Be it further enacted that the money which shall be received for the
sale of said lands, after deducting all expenses which shall be incurred in
the transaction of the business, shall constitute a fund, the interest of
which shall be applied exclusively to the support of the Public Schools
and the maintenance of the poor of said town. And the Selectmen and
Treasurer of said town for the time being shall be trustees of said fund
and place the same at interest and apply said interest, as received, to the
purposes aforesaid.'

"By an act passed in January, 1819, the provisions of the above-named
act were extended ' to all lands within the said town of Hingham held
by the original proprietors in common and undivided,' and given to the
town by the vote above quoted. The last sale was made in 1864, and
the amount received for lands sold to that date, after deducting expenses,
appears to be $9,738.70. This sum has been loaned to the town, the
trustees holding the Treasurer's note for the amount, the same bearing
interest at 5 per cent."

There never was a strict compliance with the provisions of the
act in devoting the interest directly to the support of the schools
and the poor, except in the last year of the existence of the fund,
although the town apparently had the benefit of an annual amount
of interest credited to the fund. The fact that this interest was
annually credited as money received for the purposes named in the
act probably did not affect the amount of appropriations for the

Education. 103

schools or poor one way or the other. The fund and its interest
were merged into the other money of the town, and the whole
affair resolved itself into a matter of book-keeping.

By chapter 11 of the Acts of 1880 the previous acts were abol-
ished, the fund ordered to be paid into the town treasury, and all
money received for land sold after the passage of this act was to
be paid into the treasury of the town for town purposes. The
town accepted this last act March 1. 1880.

Rev. Charles Brooks.

The history of education in Hingham would be incomplete were
not some mention made of the services and influence of Rev.
Charles Brooks, the minister of the Third Congregational Society
from 1821 to 1838 inclusive. His efforts to promote the cause
of education, and especially his success in establishing Normal
Schools are so much a part of his life that a more extended no-
tice of him in this connection will be found in the chapter on
Ecclesiastical History.

SCHOOLIIOUSES.

The erection of a schoolhouse in Hingham at a given date does
not necessarily imply that a school was established at the same
time. In many cases schools were kept in rooms or buildings not
owned by the town, for which rent was paid. Especially was
this the case with the early " female " schools, and the records
show that an allowance was often made to the teacher for rent
in addition to the regular salary.

The chronological order in which the various schoolhouses in
all parts of the town collectively were built, is not followed, as
the subject can be presented more clearly if the districts are
treated separately.

Let it be remembered that in the earliest days there was the
town ; later we have the First, Second (Cohasset), and Third
(South Hingham) Parishes ; and later still, the North, Middle,
and South Wards. These divisions were subdivided from time
to time.

For the sake of clearness the town is divided into the districts,
which are most familiar at the present time, viz. : (1) North,
(2) West, (3) Middle, (4) Rocky Nook, (5) North district of
the South Ward, and (6) South district of the South Ward.

1. North District.

From the beginning until 1720-21 the only schoolhouse for the
whole town was within the limits of the present North District.
It has been previously stated that the site of the earliest build-
ings was on the hill formerly in front of the Academy. The
evidence for this is as follows : The schoolhouse built in 1806
is well remembered by many now living as the one standing

104 History of Hingham.

on this hill and removed in 1830. This was " set where the old
one now stands " (1806). The " old one " referred to Avas built in
1743, and was " erected at the north end of the town where the
old one now stands " (1743). That " old one " was built in 1668,
" in the place where the old Pound did stand." Also, there is a
record of the appointment of a committee by the town in 1769 " to
see whether the old house should be repaired or a new one built,"
and that committee recommended the building " another upon the
hill near to where this house now stands."

That a schoolhouse was standing at an early date is evident
from an item in the Selectmen's Records for money paid " for
worke done about the schoole house" in 1661-2. The date of its
erection, and whether it was built at public expense, cannot be
ascertained.

In 1668 the town " agreed that there should be a schoolhouse
built." Many items in the Selectmen's Records show payments
in 1668, 1669, and 1670, for work and materials for the school-
house. That the house was actually built in 1668 there can be
no doubt if we consider the custom of the day ; for one item in
the records of that year is for a sum of money paid " for
drinks to them that helped to rayse the school house." What
became of that building is not known. It served its purpose for
seventy-five years, ■ — a worthy record of honest work. In 1743 a
new house was built. This continued in use until 1806.
In 1769 a committee reported to the town that it was very
much out of repair, and that the expense of putting it
in proper condition would be fourteen or fifteen pounds ;
that it was " too streight for the comfortable reception of
the children usually attending this school ; " that it " has always
been supposed to contain the Grammar scholars, and conse-
quently the inhabitants of the other parts of the town have a
right to improve it as such;" and that there was a necessity for its
being enlarged. The committee recommended its sale to the
"highest bidder," and "that £20 be granted by the town,
which, together with the money arising from the sale of the old
house " should be used for building a new one, 20 X 22 feet.

This report was not accepted, but <£10 were granted for the
repair of the old house, and in 1770 £6 additional " towards the
schoolhouse in the North Parish " were granted ; but in 1771 this
last grant of £6 was reconsidered and the town " refused to
grant anything additional to what was formerly granted towards
the expense of the North School House."

After the building of a new one in 1806, this house, built in
1743, was removed, and now forms the rear part of the store of
George Hersey & Co., at West Hingham.

In 1806 another house was built " where the old one now
stands " similar to the one lately built in the South Parish near
Wilder's Bridge (1801).

In 1819 a house for the "female school " was built. This build-
ing is the one now occupied by William Lane & Son as a paint

Education. 105

shop on South Street, and it stands upon its original lot. It
continued to be used for the " female school " until the house on
Elm Street was enlarged in 1849. In 1840 it was enlarged by
an addition of eleven feet to its length. After it was abandoned
for the use of a schoolhou.se it was let by the town for business
purposes, and was finally sold in 1863. It was originally a one-
story building.

In 1829 the town voted to build four new schoolhouses, for the
"male schools." They were similar in style, the one in North Dis-
trict being larger than the others. The dimensions of the one in
this district were 31 X 40 feet, and 13 feet in height, with accom-
modations for 125 scholars. This building was opened for a
school, July 12, 1830, with appropriate exercises, including an
address by Rev. Joseph Richardson.

In 1830 the hill in front of the Academy was removed. The
house standing thereon, which was the one built in 1806, was re-
moved to the West District, and fitted up for the " female school."
Its subsequent history will be found in that district.

In 1848 the town voted to make an addition to the length of
the house in Elm Street (built in 1829-30) and to add another
story to its height. This house was rededicated in 1849, Rev.
Henry Hersey making an appropriate address on the occasion. It
is the large schoolhouse which is now in use there.

In 1878 a new one-story house was built for the Intermediate
School upon a lot adjoining the other schoolhouse lot on Elm
Street, and is now in use for that purpose.

2. West District.

The question of building a schoolhouse at the west end of the
town for the accommodation of the school came before the town,
according to the records, as early as 1774, and again in 1784.
But it was not until 1795 that a disposition was shown to supply
the want of that section. In 1795 it was voted to build a school-
house at the west end of the North Parish. The inhabitants of
that district, however, could not agree upon a suitable location.
For nearly a year there was controversy upon the subject. One
committee after another was appointed to " appoint a spot " and
report to the town; and it was not until a committee was appointed
in 1796 to confer with the inhabitants of the west part of the
town and agree with them, if possible, upon a location, and " if
not, to set it where they think proper," that the matter was decided.
It was located in the square near Marsh's Bridge, about where the
reservoir now is, upon what was then a slight elevation. In 1815 it
was moved to the lot near by, just west of where George Hersey
& Co.'s store now stands, backing upon the brook. The people
of the district had a cupola built upon its roof, and furnished
it with a bell, which was regularly rung for school and at other
times until about 1822, when it became cracked. The building
was of poor material and was sold in 1829 for $15. Being unfit for
removal, it was demolished. Its dimensions were 19 X 25 feet.

106 History of Hingham.

In 1829 one of the four schoolhouses voted to be built was
located in the West District. Its dimensions were 31 X 34i feet,
and 12 feet high, with accommodations for 100 scholars. It was
built upon the lot on South Street, where the West Intermediate
School now stands, and was for the " male school." It was
opened with appropriate exercises Nov. 23, 1829, which included
an address by Caleb Gill, Jr.

The present West Intermediate School is the same building,
enlarged at a later date.

In 1830 the " male-school " house on the hill in front of the
Academy was removed to this same lot in the West District, and
fitted up for the " female school." In 1841 it was enlarged by an
addition of 10 feet to its length. It was sold in 1857, removed to
Thaxter Street, and converted into a dwelling-house, where it now
stands, owned by Edward Shea.

In 1857 the present two-story schoolhouse on Thaxter Street
was built for the accommodation of the Grammar and Primary
Schools. It was dedicated Nov. 5, 1857, an address being
delivered by Rev. Calvin Lincoln. In the same year the house on
South Street (built in 1829) was entirely remodelled inside for
the use of the Intermediate School, though not enlarged at this
time, but 15 feet were added to its length in 1882.

At Fort Hill the schoolhouse was built in 1850, and dedicated
on the 4th of October in that year. Nathaniel P. Banks delivered
an address on that occasion. This is the only schoolhouse which
has been built by the town in that part of the West District.

3. Middle District.

In 1721 a schoolhouse was erected " near to Peter Ripley's."
This was in the vicinity of the junction of Main and Pond Streets.
This house was removed in 1728 to " Great Plain," and its sub-
sequent history will be found in the South District.

There appears to have been no other schoolhouse " on the plain "
until 1758. The distance was not great to the school in " the town "
and it was no great hardship for those who thirsted for knowledge
to " resort to " that school. In 1758 a committee appointed for
the purpose fixed upon a site for a new schoolhouse in the south-
east part of the First Precinct as follows : " A spot of ground in
the west part of Daniel Waters' Home lot, near to Jonathan
Burr's house in the highway leading to Isaac Lane's." The town
accepted the site, but whether the schoolhouse was actually built
there is not certain. The site would be very near the entrance to
the Cemetery, where Short Street intersects School Street, within
the present Cemetery grounds. This building stood on the south
side of the Common, near to or upon the site of Mr. John Leavitt's
house before 1799. Possibly it was moved there in 1797, for the
town voted to build a new schoolhouse " on the Plain in the
North Parish," and the School Committee were directed to re-
move the old schoolhouse and dispose of it to the best advan-

Education. 107

tage after the new one was built. It was not sold at this time.
This building seems never to have rested in one place very long.
It had found its way, before 1818, to another spot; for the town
voted in that year that " the old schoolhouse that stands near
the old Alms House, be removed to some suitable place and put
in sufficient repair to keep the female school in." It found its
way to a point near the present Grammar-school house, though
somewhat north of it, within the present limits of the Cemetery.
In 1829 it was sold, removed first to Middle Street, then near
the steamboat landing, and finally to Cobb's Bank (Green Street),
where it was converted into a dwelling-house, and is still standing.

The house built in 1797 for the " male school " stood on the
site above described as the " west part of Daniel Waters' Home
lot." Its dimensions were 19 X 27 feet. In 1829 it was removed
to the site of the old " female-school " house, sold in the year
above-mentioned, and occupied by the " female school." In this
same year, 1829, another of the four new schoolhouses in the
town was built in the Middle District, upon the spot where the
previous house had stood. Its dimensions were 31 X 34i feet and
12 feet high, with accommodations for 100 scholars. It was
opened with appropriate exercises, including an address by Solo-
mon Lincoln, Jr., Nov. 24, 1829, and was for the " male school."

In 1848 both schoolhouses, being within the burial-ground,
were removed to the lot upon which the houses now stand, the
" male-school " house (1829) being put upon the site of the present
Grammar-school house and the " female-school " house (1797) in
the rear.

In 1857 the house built in 1797, which had been enlarged in
1840 by an addition of 10 feet in length, was sold at public
auction and removed in two parts to Hobart Street, nearly
opposite the Pound, and converted into two small dwelling-houses,
which are now standing. The house built in 1829 was moved
farther back upon the lot, and subsequently occupied as an ar-
mory by the Lincoln Light Infantry.

In this same year, 1857, the present two-story schoolhouse
was built for the accommodation of two schools. It was dedi-
cated Nov. 9, 1857, an address being delivered by Henry Edson
Hersey.

In 1875 the "Armory" was fitted up for the Intermediate
School, and in 1883 it was again altered and enlarged.

4. Rocky Nook.

The earliest date at which a schoolhouse in this district was
the property of the town was 1821. A school of some description
had been kept there many years before, according to the Town
Records ; for in 1768 " the question was put whether the town
would keep the schoolhouse in repair at Rocky Nook ; passed in
the negative." Provision was also made for a school there in the
new arrangement of 1794.

108 History of Hingham.

In 1821 the School Committee, under instruction from the
town to consider the subject of " a schoolhouse at Rocky Nook,"
reported the following : —

" The building which has been for some time past used as a school-
house is now very much out of repair. It can be purchased for twenty
dollars. The probable expense of purchasing, repairing, and moving it to
some more central situation for the district would amount to sixty dollars.
It would be for the interest of the town to purchase, repair, and move to
some more convenient situation the building alluded to than to build a
new one."

The report was accepted and the Selectmen directed to carry
the same into effect.

The location of this house was in a bend of the road on Weir
Street, not far from East Street. It was a small building about
twelve or fourteen feet square. After it ceased to be used for a
school in 1841, it was sold, removed to the other end of Weir
Street, and made into a dwelling-house. A few years after 1850
it disappeared altogether.

In 1841 a new house was built on Hull Street, near the present
North Cohasset railroad station. The house and lot were sold in
1859 to James Beal, who with additions converted it into the
dwelling-house in which he now resides. It stands on its original
location.

In 1857 the town voted to build a new schoolhouse similar to
the one at Fort Hill. Its location was the subject of much dis-
cussion in town-meeting for nearly a year. It was dedicated
May 2, 1859, and was situated on Canterbury Street, named in
honor of Cornelius Canterbury, the earliest settler in that part of
the town, and an extensive landholder there. The lot contains
an acre, which, together with that portion of the street which is
between the schoolhouse lot and Hull Street, was presented to
the town by David A. Simmons of Roxbury. Rev. Henry Hersey
delivered the address at the dedication. It is the same house
which is now occupied by the mixed school of that district.

5. North District of the South Ward.

In 1728 the town voted " that Great Plain should have liberty
to remove the schoolhouse (near Peter Ripley's) where it shall
best accommodate them, provided they do the same at their own
cost and charge."

This house was moved from the Middle District to " near
Theophilus Cushing's," as it is described in 1730. In 1752
allusion is made to it as standing " in the front of Mr. Shute's
land," when liberty was granted to remove it " to some more
convenient place." The location above mentioned was in the
highway near the junction of Main and South Pleasant streets.
In 1830 this house was sold and moved to a lot on Main Street
a few rods north of High Street, where it became an addition to
the rear of a dwelling-house, known as the Isaac Tower house,

Education. 109

lately owned by the Higli Street Cemetery Association, but now
demolished.

In 1801 a new schoolhouse was built on land of Captain
Edward Wilder on Friend Street, near to Main Street. In 1830
this house was removed to the lot on Main Street on which " the
new schoolhouse now stands," just south of the present school-
house lot.

One of the four new schoolhouses ordered to be built in 1829
was in this district. It was 31 X 34 1- feet and 12 feet in height,
with accommodations for 100 scholars. Its location was, as just
stated, on Main Street. It was opened with appropriate exercises,
including an address by Rev. Charles Brooks, Aug. 2, 1830.

These two houses, built in 1801 and 1830 respectively, were
sold, after the building of a new one in 1848, to Joseph Jacobs,
and converted into dwelling-houses. The earlier one (1801) was
subsequently sold and removed to Whiting Street, Hanover, near
the line of Rockland, where it now stands, belonging to John
Damon. The later one (1830) still stands just south of the
present schoolhouse, on its original site, the property of Mrs.
Joshua Leavitt.

In 1848 the present house was built. It was the first two-story
schoolhouse built in the town, and was "originally for the accom-
modation of two schools. In 1874 it was enlarged for the accom-
modation of three schools.

6. South District op the South Ward.

In 1781 a schoolhouse was built on the east side of Main Street,
where the Widow Solomon Gardner's house now stands. At
some time later than 1796 it was sold and moved farther south
to the opposite side of Main Street, where it was attached to the
dwelling-house now known as the Howard Gardner house, and
used as some kind of a workshop.

In 1796 a house was built on the corner of Scotland and Main
streets. This house was 19 X 25 feet. It was sold in 1843 and
is now standing and occupied as a dwelling-house on the Isaac
Burrill estate at South Hingham.

In 1822 there is mention of " the female school in the South
Parish near the Turnpike," and in 1823 the Selectmen agreed
with Jeremiah Gardner for the purchase of the " west schoolhouse
near the Turnpike for $85." This was on Gardner Street.

In 1826 the Scotland-Street house was thoroughly repaired.
At this time the Gardner-Street house was abandoned for school
purposes, and in 1830 it was sold and removed to West Scituate
to be made into a dwelling-house.

In 1843 the present schoolhouse on the east side of Main Street
at Liberty Plain was built and is occupied by the South Mixed
School. It was dedicated Oct. 31, 1843, an address being delivered
by Rev. John L. Russell.

110 History of Hingham.

COHASSET.
SECOND OK EAST PRECINCT.

It is probable that a schoolhouse was first erected in Cohasset
soon after 1730. In that year the town refused to build a school-
house there, but it

" Voted, That the Inhabitants of the East Precinct be hereby allowed to
draw out of the Town Treasury ye whole of what was by them paid
towards the building of a schoolhouse in the year 1721-22, and now
stands near Theophilus Cushing's, provided the same is by them improved
towards the building a schoolhouse in sd Precinct."

In 1734 =£10 were granted to Cohasset, over and above what
had already been granted it towards the erecting a schoolhouse in
" sd Precinct."

Money was paid from the town treasury in 1743 and in 1753
for repairs on the schoolhouse in this district.

Cohasset was incorporated as a separate town in 1770.

The following Second Precinct records confirm the above
records of the town: —

"Dec. 30, 1731 : It was voted to build a schoolhouse in the second
precinct."

That a schoolhouse was begun but not finished would seem
probable, as we find —

"Oct. 7. 1734: Voted, To proceed in building a schoolhouse, and that
the frame now raised should be continued and finished."

It is probable, therefore, that 1734 is the year which must be
accepted as that in which the first schoolhouse in this precinct
was built. It stood on the Plain, according to the Report of the
School Committee of Cohasset for 1876-77, " between where the
houses of Captain Samuel Hall and Mr. Zenas Lincoln are now
located." There was only one schoolhouse there until 1792.

Teachers.

The following list of teachers in the public schools of Hingham
contains the names of all those found upon our records. Dates
are given to indicate the beginning and end of service, but they
must not, in many cases, be understood to be years of continuous
service. The earlier records fail to give the names of all the
teachers, but from the beginning of the records of the School Com-
mittee, in 1794, the list is believed to be very nearly complete.

1670

Henry Smith . . .

. . 1672

1685

Thomas Palmer .

. . 1687

1673

James Bate, Sr. . .

. . 1678

1688

Samuel Shepard . .

. . 1690

1674

Joseph Andrews

. . 1675

1690

Bichard Henchman .

. . 1692

1676

Benjamin Bate . .

. . 1676

1693

Joseph Estabrook .

. . 1705

1679

Matthew Hawke

. . 1679

1697

Jedidiah Andrews

. . 1697

1697 John Norton .

1705 John Odlin .

1706 Joseph Marsh
1708 Daniel Lewis
1712 Jonathan Cushing
1714 Job Cushing .
1717 Samuel Thaxter
1717 Adam Gushing

1717 Mr. Allen . .

1718 Cornelius Nye

1734 Richard Rand

1735 Samuel Holbrook
1737 Benjamin Pratt
1737 Mr. Jommings
1742 Isaac Lincoln
1745 James Humphrey
1747 Amhrose Low

1747 Jonathan Darby

1748 Dea. Lazarus Beal's

1749 Matthew Cushin

1749 Cotton Tufts .

1750 Samuel French
1752 Thomas Brown

1752 Jonathan Vinal

1753 Samuel Cushing

1753 Theophilus Cushing

1754 Samuel Foxcroft

1755 Joseph Stockbridge

1756 Jonathan Gay

1758 Mr. Bowman

1759 Jotham Gay .
1759 Jotham Lincoln

1759 David Lincoln

1760 Simeon Howard

1761 Joseph Lewis

1762 Paul Lewis .

1763 Thomas Phipps
1766 Thomas Loriug, Jr.
1768 Asa Dunbar .
1768 Jacob Cushing
1768 Joseph Thaxter

1770 Mr. Fisher .

1771 Hawke Fearing, Jr

1772 Joshua Barker, Jr.

1773 Nathan Rice
1781 Bezaliel Howard
1781 Caleb Marsh . .

1781 James Lincoln .

1782 Thomas Loring, 4th
1782 Heman Lincoln
1782 Thomas Hutchinson

1782 John Andrews .

1783 Thomas Loring .

1783 Samuel Gardner .

1784 Ebenezer Bowman

1785 William Cushing

1785 Samuel Marsh .

1786 George Lane . .
1786 Henry Lincoln .
1786 Jainis Beal . .

sone

Education.

111

1713

1787

Molly Loring . . .

. 1787

1706

1787

Mary Gardner . . .

. 1787

1707

1788

Thomas Loring, 3d

. 1788

1712

1788

Levi Lincoln . .

. 1788

1713

1788

Abner Lincoln . .

. 1788

1718

1788

James Smith . . . .

. 178S

1717

1788

Peter Jacob . . . .

. 1788

1720

1794

Polly Cushing .

. 1796

1718

1794

Hannah Cushing

. 1794

1745

1794

Mrs. Joseph Loring

. 1794

1734

1794

Rebeckah Hearsey .

. 1796

1735

1794

Jenny Cushing .

. 1794

1737

1794

James Warren .

. 1794

1737

1794

Mr. Goold . . .

. 1794

1757

1794

Crocker Wilder . .

. 1819

1747

1794

Joseph Jacob .

. 1798

1758

1794

John Morse .

. 1798

1749

1794

Mr. Collier . . .

. 1794

1748

1796

Polly Simmons . .

. 1796

1749

1796

Patty Whiton . .

. 1819

1751

1796

Lydia Cushing .

. 1796

1751

1796

William Cushing

. 1798

1752

1796

Jerusha Lincoln

. 1796

1754

1796

Elijah Whiton . .

. 1796

1754

1796

Joseph Stockbridge

. 1796

1753

1796

Gael Tower .

. 1796

1754

1796

William Norton . . .

. 1796

1755

1798

Doct. Marsh .

. 1798

1756

1798

Mr. Lincoln . . .

. 1798

1759

1801

Samuel Heath . . .

. 1801

1759

1805

Abel Cushing . .

. 1812

1759

1805

Jotham Lincoln .

. 1806

1782

1805

Martin Thaxter . .

. 1806

1762

1805

Mr. Studley . . .

. 1806

1778

1809

Artemus Hale . .

. 1814

1776

1811

Mary Lincoln . .

. 1813

1768

1811

Martha Marshall

. 1811

1778

1811

Emma Jacob . . .

. 1811

1768

1811

Polly Barnes .

. 1815

1772

1811

Ann Hersey . . .

. 1811

1778

1811

Christiana Cushing .

. 1820

1771

1811

Cynthia Gardner

. 1811

1772

1811

William Brown . •

. . 1811

1772

1811

Josiah Bowers . .

. . 1811

1773

1811

Artemus Brown . .

. . 1811

1782

1811

William Gragg . .

. . 1811

1788

1811

Silers Armsby . .

. . 1811

1782

1S11

Jerom Loriug

. . 1821

1787

1812

Abel Wilder . . .

. . 1812

1783

1813

John Milton Reed .

. . 1813

1782

1813

Duncan McB. Thaxter

. 1817

1782

1813

LvdiaGill . . .

. . 1814

1783

1813

Sally Tower . . .

. . 1814

1784

1813

Roxanna Wilder

. 1815

1784

1813

Ruth Marsh . . .

. . 1813

1785

1813

Hannah R. Jacobs .

. . 1815-

1785

1813

John Chase . . .

. . 1813

1788

1814

Benjamin Chamberlain

. 1815

1787

1814

Lydia Souther . .

. . 1815

1786

1814

Joana Whiton (Whitin

?)■ 1815

112

History of Hingham.

1815

Mr. Loring . . .

. 1815

1828

Charles Gordon . .

1829

1815

Melzar Flagg . .

. 1818

1829

Sarah Wilder ....

. 1833

1815

Joseph Wilder, Jr. .

. 1828

1829

Rachel Hersey .

1829

1815

Martha Whiton (Whiti

ug) 1822

1829

Joseph Tilson

1832

1815

Lucy Lane . . . .

. 1815

1S29

I. Pierce

1830

1815

Harriet Wilder . .

. 1815

1830

J. Sprague ....

1S30

1817

Henry Hersey . .

. 1817

1830

James S. Russell . .

1831

1817

John Sargent . .

. 1817

1830

Susan B. Hersey

1840

1817

Thomas Hobart .

. 1818

1830

T.N.Keith ....

1831

1817

Deborah Todd . .

. 1819

1831

Emeline Cushing

1832

1817

Ophelia Davis . .

. 1817

1831

Abigail Gardner .

. 1831

1817

Mary Hapgood .

. 1827

1831

Thomas P. Ryder .

1832

1817

Joanna Wilder .

. 1819

1831

Mary F. Hobart . .

1832

1817

Abigail B. Whiting

. 1817

1831

Olive Stephenson

. 1S40

1818

Ivory H. Lucas .

. 1821

(See Olive Corbett)

1818

Nathaniel Clark . .

. 1827

1831

J. P. Washburn . . .

. 1832

1818

Joshua Studley .

. . 1818

1832

Emily N. Gray . . .

1832

1818

Abigail T. Bowers .

. 1821

1832

Jason Reed ....

. 1832

1818

Martha C. Wilder .

. . 1818

1832

Esther F. Sturgis . .

1832

1818

Deborah Wilder .

. 1819

1S32

Thomas S. Harlow .

. 1833

1818

Elizabeth Hersey .

. 1818

1832

Oliver March . .

. 1832

1819

Seth Gardner, Jr. .

. . 1819

1832

Mary Miles ....

1833

1819

Lucy Jones .

. . 1822

1S32

George W. Brown .

1833

1819

Mary Whiting . .

. . 1824

1832

Charles Harris, Jr. .

1833

1819

Sabby Woodworth .

. . 1819

1832

Ira Warren ....

1835

1820

Susan Harris .

. . 1820

1833

Jairus Lincoln .

1835

1820

Hannah H. Wilder .

. . 1831

1S33

Catherine Gates . . .

1834

1820

Caroline Whiting .

. . 1821

1833

Almira S. Seymour .

1834

1821

Winslow Turner

. 1827

1833

Frederick Kingman

1835

1821

P. Southworth . .

. • 1821

1833

Daniel S. Smalley .

. 1836

1821

Susan Waterman

. 1821

1833

Mary Hersey ....

1833

1821

Susan Lincoln . .

. 1826

1833

Abigail G. Wilder . .

1840

1821

Ann C. A. Whitney

. . 1821

1833

Hiram Perkins .

1834

1821

Bethia Whiting . .

. . 1821

1834

Mary L. Hobart . .

1834

1822

Joseph S. Clark . .

. . 1822

1834

Susan L. Thaxter .

1836

1822

Joshua Flagg

. 1822

1834

Bertha L. Hobart . .

1842

1822

Mary Waterman

. . 1822

1834

Benjamin F. Spaulding

1836

1822

Harriet T. Bowers .

. . 1824

1835

Daniel French . . .

1836

1822

Matilda Wilder . .

. 1822

1835

Adeline Whiton . . .

1839

1822

Harriet Lincoln . .

. 1822

1835

Mary F. Wilder . . .

1849

1822

Lavinia Whiton . .

. 1822

1835

Quincv Bicknell, Jr.

1840

1823

Seth Gardner . .

. . 182G

1835

Clark 'H. Obear . . .

1836

1823

James S. Lewis .

. 1846

1836

I. F. Moore ....

1837

1824

Wealthy B. Jones .

. 1832

1836

Susan M. Lincoln . .

1836

1824

Clorina Adams . .

. . 1824

1836

Angelina H. Tower

1S38

1824

Lydia B. Whitney .

. . 1830

1836

Benjamin S. Whiting .

1844

1824

Sarah Bailey . . .

. 1825

1836

John E. Dix ....

1837

1824

Israel Clark . . .

. 1825

1837

Timothy D. Lincoln

1838

1825

Capt. Malbon

. 1827

1837

Frederick D. Lincoln .

1838

(See Micajah Malbon)

1837

Ephraim Capen .

1838

1825

Miss Shute . . .

. 1825

1838

Edwin W. Peirce . .

1839

1S27

Theophilus Cushing

. 1832

1838

Joseph D. Peirce . .

1839

1827

Lydia M. Hobart .

. 1831

1839

Mary L. Gardner

1843

1827

Catherine Beal . .

. 1833

1839

Joel Pierce . . . . .

1839

1827

Mary Wilder . . .

. 1S28

1839

William F. Dow . . .

1840

1827

Miss L. Whiton . .

. 1827

1S39

Hosea H. Lincoln . .

1843

1827

Miss L. Bates . .

. 1827

1839

Davis J. Whiting

1840

1828

William C. Grout .

. 1828

1840

Darius A. Dow . . . .

1842

1828

John Maynard .

. 1829

1840

Jotham Lincoln, Jr. . .

1841

1828

Abijah W. Draper .

. 1830

1840

Jane S. Hobart . .

1843

Education.

113

13-10 Helen E. Cushiug

1540 Sidney Sprague .
1811 Mary F. Hobart .
1811 Susan F. Wilder

1541 Mary B. Ripley .

1841 Mary R. Tower .

1541 Betsey L. Seymour

(Bee Elizabeth L Rogers.

1811 Nathaniel Wales

1542 Mary J. Tower . .

1812 Hanuah M. Lincoln

1842 John Kneeland . .

1842 Nathan Lincoln . .

1843 Elizabeth S. Cushing

1543 Betsey Shute . .
1843 Sarah^A. Howard .
1843 William B. Tower .
1843 Micajah Malbon . .

(See Capt. Malbon.)

1843 Mary R. Wliiton .

15 44 George W. Beal . .
1814 Richard Edwards, Jr.

1844 Olive Corbel t. . .

(See Olive Stephenson/

1345 Hannah B. Guild .

1845 Thomas B. Norton .
1845 Alson A. Gilmore .
1345 John A. Goodwin .

1845 G. S. Chapin. . .

1846 H. Chapin . . .

1846 William P. Hayward

1847 Mr. Gilmore . . .
1847 Sylvander Hutchinson

1847 Mary E. Nash . .

1848 Anna H. Tower . .
1848 Mr. Kingman . .

1848 Rebecca D. Corbett
1343 Julia A. Muzzey .
1843 George R. Dwe'lley

1849 Susan H. Cushiug .
1849 Paul B. Merritt . .

and 1871 to 1879
1849 Perez Turner, 2d .
1849 Mary E. Riddle . .

1849 Miss A. Waters . .

1849 Mr. A. G. Boyden .

1850 G. C. Smith . . .
1850 Miss I. W. Clark .
1S50 Mr. H. A. Pratt .
1850 Ann C Sprague . .
1850 Samuel Paul . . .

1850 Ira Moore . . .
1351 Catherine H. Hobart

1851 Grace L. Sprague .

1351 Bradford Tucker
1851 AlmiraG. Paul . .
1851 Thomas H. Barnes .

1851 Ellen McKendry .

1852 Susan G. Hedge .

1352 L. L. Paine . . .

1847
1843
1841
1847
1843
1843
1850

1843

1342
1846
1847
1843
1844
1844
1843
1844
1845

1844
1849
1846
1849

1846
1845
1845
1846
1846
1849
1850
1847
1852
1860
1850
1848
1351
1852
1849
1860
1855

1850
1886
1851
1850
1851
1851
1850
1853
1855
1850
1881
1853
1854
1851
1852
1852
1855
1852

1852 Elizabeth Hill ... . 1852

1852 George Pratt 1853

1S52 Miss M. L. Prentiss . . 1854

1852 Augusta C Litchfield . . 1853

1552 Samuel A. W. Parker, Jr. 1852
1852 William A. Webster . . 1853
1852 Andrew E. Thayer . . . 1853
1852 DeWitt C. Bates . . . 1869

1852 E. A. French 1S53

1853 Francis W. Goodale . . 1853

1553 Frederick W. Wing . . 1855
1853 Thomas F. Leonard . . 1853
1853 Hannah E. Emerson . . 1854
1853 George Chapin .... 1854

1853 Maria A. Clapp .... 1854

1854 Lemuel C Grosvenor . . 1855
1854 Mary S. Litchfield . . . 1854
1854 Joanna K. Howard . . . 1857
1854 Sarah L. Cushiug . . . 1854
1854 Franklin Jacobs (1864-65) 1855

1854 Elizabeth T. Bailey . . 1S56
1S55 Francis M. Hodges . . . 1856

1855 Daniel E. Damon . . - 1858
1855 Henry J. Boyd .... 1856
1855 Mrs. A. S. Wakefield . . 1856
1855 George Bowers .... 1856

1855 James B. Everett . . • 1856

1856 Ann S. Snow .... 1857
1856 John W. Willis ... 1857
1856 Lois M. Newcomb . . . 1856
1856 William H. Mayhew . . 1858
1856 Joseph B. Read .... 1857

1856 Marv H. Tower .... 1S63

1857 Olive M. Hobart . . - 1870
1857 Annie L. White . . . . 1858
1857 Susan P. Adams . . . 1858
1857 Adeline V. Wood . . . 1857
1857 Ellen M. Davis .... 1864
1857 George Farwell .... 1858
1857 David G. Grosvenor . . 1857
1857 Mr. G. S. Webster . . . 1857

1857 Emma C Webster . . . 1859
185S Emily J. Tucker . . . 1862

1858 Edmund Cottle .... 1860
1858 Wales B. Thayer . . . 1860

1858 Benjamin C Vose . . . 1859

1859 Harriet J. Gardner . . . 1868
1859 Laura D. Loring . . . 1859
1859 Susan P. Adams . . . 1859
1859 George B. Hanna . . . 1860

1859 Soreno E. D. Currier . . 1860

1860 Mary E. Hobart . . . 1860
1860 Ellen Williams .... 1861
1860 Mr. J. W. Josselyn . . 1860
1860 William E. Endicott . . 1860
1860 Pliny S. Boyd .... 1862
1860 Martha B. Corthell . . . 1868
1860 Elizabeth L. Rogers . . 1871

(See Betsey Seymour.)

1860 Sarah J. Hersev, 1860, 1864, 1865

VOL. I. 8*

114

History of Hlngham.

1860

Susan L. Hersey . .

. 1879

1879

1860

Alfred Bunker . . .

. 1863

1879

1S61

Eben H. Davis . . .

. 1862

1879

1862

Margaret E. Lefler . .

. 1862

1879

1862

Mary A. Bates . . .

. 1862

1879

1862

Ellen Lincoln

. 1875

1879

1862

Byron Groce ....

. 1865

1880

1862

William H. Gurney

. 1863

1880

1863

Hosah G. Goodrich

. 1879

1880

1863

F. Josephine Randall .

. 1863

1863

Arthur S. Lake . .

. 1864

1881

1864

Mary A. Bates . . .

. 1864

1881

1864

James E. Parker

. 1864

1881

1864

Jacob O. Sanborn, 1865;

and

1881

after 1872, High Schc

ol.

1882

1S65

Mary S. Stoddard . .

. 1866

1882

1865

Mehitable W. Seymour

. 1S74

1S82

1865

Alonzo Meserve . . .

. 1865

1882

1866

Charles M. Tucker . .

. 1866

1882

1866

Nathan T. Soule . . .

. 1874

1883

1866

John G. Knight . . .

. 1S69

1883

1S67

Abby G. Hersey . .

. 1871

1883

1868

Mary E. Hobart . .

. 1876

18S3

1868

L. Webster Bates . .

. 1869

1883

1S68

Elizabeth L. Stodder .

. 1886

1883

1868

George T. Chandler

. 1S82

1883

1869

Joseph O. Burdett .

. 1869

1883

1869

Simeon J. Dunbar .

. 1870

1884

1870

Thomas H. Tread way .

. 1871

1884

1870

M. Anna Hobart . " .

. 1876

1885

1870

Lydia A. LeBaron .

. 1874

1885

1871

Elisha C. Sprague .

. 1879

1885

1871

Esther J. Cushing .

. 1872

1885

1871

J. M. W. Pratt . . .

. 1871

1885

1871

Cassia M. Barrows . .

. 1871

1871

Anna P. Lane . . .

. 1S73

1885

1871

Leonard B. Marshall (mu

sic) 1874

1885

1872

Ella J. Corthell . . .

. 1873

1886

1873

Martha F. Bailey . ,

. 1875

1886

1873

Lydia A. Whiton . .

. 1876

1886

1874

Sara A. Hammett .

. 1875

18S6

1874

Joanna W. Penniman .

. 1876

1887

1874

Mary A. Shea . . .

1876

1887

1874

Orra B. Hersey .

. 1882

1887

1874

Alfred H. Bissell (music

) 1886

1887

1875

Harriet L. Gardner

. 1876

1887

1S75

Fannie 0. Cushing.

1887

1875

Katharine W. Cushing

. 1879

18S8

1876

Haunah K. Harden

. 1879

1888

1876

Tilson A. Mead . . .

. 1878

1888

1876

Mary A. Crowe.

1888

1877

Mary F. Andrews.

1889

1877

Helen Whiton . . .

. 1883

1889

1877

Lena C. Partridge . .

. 1877

1889

i8:s

William C. Bates . .

. 1882

1889

(Appointed Superintendent.

>

1889

1878

Abbie G. Gould . . .

. 1878

1889

1879

Evelyn Smalley . . ,

. 1884

1889

1879

Philander A. Gay .

. 1882

1889

Emma I. Brown
Lucy W. Cain . .
Alice M. Merrill
Edith E. Taggart .
Edgar R. Downs
Viola M. White . .
Nelson Freeman
Alice Shepard . .
John F. Turgeon .
(Appointed Superintendent.)

Gustavus F. Guild .
Lizzie H. Powers .
Mary A. Gage . .
Mrs! Wallace Corthell
John S. Emerson
Charles H. Morse .
Susan E. Barker
Irene I. Lincoln
Harriet N. Sands .
Willard S. Jones
James H. Burdett .
Arthur Stanley .
Adair F. Bonney
Mary I. Longfellow
Charlotte B. Harden
Emma L. Thaver
Martha B. Beale .
Agnes Peirce
William H. Furber .
Lucy M. Adams
E. Harriot Curtis .
Edwin H. Holmes .
Hugh J. Molloy . .
Louis P. Nnsh .
(Appointed Superintendent.)

Lilian M. Hobart .
Mary W. Bates . .
Gracia E. Read . .
Henry H. Williams
Maud E. Roberts .
Ida F. Spear . . .
George W. Win slow
James S. Perkins
David B. Chamberlain
S. Elizabeth Bates.
A. E. Bradford (music)
Helen Howard.
Harry N. Andrews .
E. Marion Williams
David Bentley . .
Henry B. Winslow .
Alvau R. Lewis . .
Alice M. Ryan . .
Ernest H. Leavitt.
Charles G. Wetherbee
Annie Sawyer . .
Annie C. Lawrence
Murray H. Ballou .
Priscilla Whiton

1889
1882
1880
1883
1879-
1879
1883
1880
1881

1883.
1881
1882
1886
1885
1883
18S3
I8S5
1883
1S85
1S85
1884
1890
1883
1885
1890
1888
18S6-
1886
1885
1SS9
1S88
1887
1887

18S9
1889
1888
1887
1891
1889
1889
1888
188S

1890
1889
1888
1889
1890
1890

1890
1890
1890
1892
1891

Education.

115

1890

J. Quinsy Litchfield.

1891

Alice S. Hatch.

1890

Julian L. Noyes.

1891

Lucy W. Harden.

1890

Katherine D. Jones

. 1891

1891

Edith L. Easterbrook .

. 1892

1890

Edward H. Delano . .

. 1891

1891

Ellen B. Marsh.

1890

Mabel S. Robbins.

1892

Edith H. Wilder.

1890

Lillian M. Kennedy

. 1891

1892

Edgar W. Farwell . .

. 1892

1891

Hannah E. Coughlan.

1892

Charles A. Jenney.

1891

Margaret Hickey.

1893

Gertrude W. Groce.

1891

Helen Peirce.

DERBY ACADEMY.

Sarah Langlee (the name being the same as Langle, Langley,
Longly, and Longle, on our records), the daughter of John
Langlee and Hannah, his wife, was born April 18, 1714.

She is described as being possessed of great beauty, and with-
out the advantages of early education. She was doubtless illiter-
ate, but her lack of education has been exaggerated. It has been
said that she could not write her own name. This is not true,
for she wrote many letters and signed her own name to them.
Her signature may be seen on her will and other papers in the
Suffolk County Registry of Probate. Many amusing anecdotes
are told to illustrate her peculiarities, but they are founded upon
no stronger evidence than tradition and ought not to be related
as facts in history. It seems sufficiently evident, however, that
it was her beauty which attracted the attention of Dr. Ezekiel
Hersey, — ■ a graduate of Harvard College in 1728, and an eminent
physician in his native town of Hingham, where he practised his
profession for many years, — for she was married to him July 30,
1738. Dr. Hersey died Dec. 9, 1770, and his wife survived him.
We can well believe that she. was comely, for, although she had
reached the age of fifty-seven, another admirer presented himself,
and she was married to Richard Derby, of Salem, Oct. 16, 1771.
Mr. Derby died Nov. 9, 1783, his wife surviving him. Mrs. Derby
died in Hingham June 17, 1790, aged seventy-sis, and was buried
in Dr. Gay's tomb in the cemetery back of the meeting-house of
the First Parish.

Dr. Ezekiel Hersey was a man of means and charitable. It
has been said that the Derby Academy was first established by
him and placed on a firm foundation by Madam Derby at her
death. There is no evidence of such a fact. It is undoubtedly
true that the property which enabled Madam Derby to establish
the institution was derived from Dr. Hersey, and it would have
been a delicate acknowledgment of the fact had she given it the
name of " Hersey School ; " but there is no substantial evidence to
show that the idea originated in any mind but her own. It is
fair to presume that the charitable character and education of
Dr. Hersey would have led him to suggest to his wife such a dis-
position of his property after she was done with it. It is quite
as probable that Madam Derby, sensible of her own lack of early
education, with a worthy motive to relieve others from an experi-

116

History of Hingham.

ence like her own in this respect, might herself have conceived of
this charity.

Dr. Hersey, by his last will, dated Nov. 29, 1770, gave his wife
all his estate on the condition of her paying one thousand pounds
to Harvard College, the income of which was to be appropriated
towards the support of a Professor of Anatomy and Physics, and
thirty-six pounds to the three daughters of Dr. Gay. He made
Ills wife sole executrix, but as no inventory was filed, there is no
means of ascertaining the amount of his property. He made no
provision for any school by this or any other will. In a prior
will, made in 1756, which was in existence many years after his
death, but which was revoked by his last will, he devised the lot
of land on which the Academy now stands to the town of Hing-

THE DERBY ACADEMY, HINGHAM.

ham, and directed that his executrix should pay to the town two
hundred and twenty pounds lawful money for the erection of a
workhouse or a house for the use of the poor of the town. This
perhaps gave the hint to Madam Derby to appropriate the same
lot for public use in another way ; but there is nothing else to
show cause for her doing it, so far as Dr. Hersey is concerned.
From a careful examination of Madam Derby's will it would seem
that she intended to leave so much of her property, at her death,
as was acquired from her second husband, to his family connec-
tions. It can therefore be repeated, with truth, that the Acad-
emy was established with property acquired from Dr. Hersey.

The first formal act of Madam Derby for the establishment of
a school was the execution by her of a Deed of Bargain and Sale,
dated Oct. 20, 1784, and a Deed of Lease and Release, dated Oct.
21, 1784.

Education. 117

Deed of Bargain and Sale.

This Indenture made this twentieth day of October in the year
of our Lord seventeen hundred and eighty-four and in the eighth year of
the Independence of the United States of America by and between Sarah
Derby of Hingham in the County of Suffolk & Commonwealth of Mas-
sachusetts on the one part and Ebenezer Gay and Daniel Shute
Clerks and John Thaxter and Benjamin Lincoln Esquires all of said
Hingham and Cotton Tufts of Weymouth and Richard Cranch of
Braintree both in the County aforesaid Esquires and William Cushing
and Nathan Cushing both of Situate in the County of Plymouth &
Commonwealth aforesaid Esquires and John Thaxter of Haverhill in
the County of Essex Esquire and Benjamin Lincoln of Boston in the
said County of Suffolk Gentleman on the other part Witnesseth that
the said Sarah for and in consideration of the sum of five shillings paid
her by the said Ebenezer, Daniel, John, Benjamin, Cotton, Richard,
William, Nathan, John & Benjamin and divers other good causes
her thereunto moving hath granted bargained & sold and by these pres-
ents doth grant, bargain and sell unto the said Ebenezer, Daniel, John,
Benjamin, Cotton, Richard, William, JSathan, John and Benja-
min, their executors or administrators a certain piece of land lying in the
north parish of said Hingham containing by estimation one quarter of an
acre more or less bounded westerly on the Highway, southerly on land
late of Benjamin Loring of said Boston deceased, eastwardly on land of
Elisha Leavitt of said Hingham, northerly on other land of said Sarah
and separated therefrom by a picked fence with all the buildings standing
on the same with all the priviledges, easements & appurtenances to the
said land and the buildings belonging, To have and to hold the same
to the said Ebenezer, Daniel, John, Benjamin, Cotton, Richard,
William, Nathan, John and Benjamin their Executors or administra-
tors for and during the term of one vear next ensuing the date of these
presents and then to be fully complete and ended Yielding and Paying
therefor the rent of one barley corn at the expiration of said term should
it be lawfully demanded. To the end that by virtue of these presents
and by force of the Statute for transferring uses into possession the said
Ebenezer, Daniel, John, Benjamin, Cotton, Richard, William,
Nathan, John and Benjamin may be in the actual possession of the
land and buildings aforesaid with their priviledges and appurtenances and
be thereby enabled to take a grant and release of the inheritance thereof
to their heirs and assigns forever. To and for the uses, trusts, intents
and purposes intended to be limited and declared in a certain indenture
of Release intended to bear date the day next after the date hereof and
made between the same parties as are parties to these presents. In Wit-
ness whereof the abovenamed parties to these presents have hereunto
interchangeably set their hands and seals the day and year first above
written.

Signed, Sealed and Delivered

in presence of us. Sarah Derby. (Seal.)

Benj11 Cushing.
William Cushing.

118 History of Hingham.

Deed of Lease and Release.

This Indenture made this twenty-first day of October, in the year of
our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four, and in the eighth
year of the Independence of the United States of America, by and between
Sarah Derby of Hingham, in the County of Suffolk and Commonwealth
of Massachusetts, Widow, on the one part; and Ebenezer Gay, and
Daniel Shute, Clerks, and John Thaxter and Benjamin LixcoLN,
Esquires, all of said Hingham ; Cotton Tufts of Weymouth, and
Richard Cranch, of Braintree, Esquires both in said County of Suffolk ;
William Cushing and Nathan Cusiiing, both of Scituate in the county
of Plymouth and Commonwealth aforesaid, Esquires ; John Thaxter of
Haverhill, in the Count}" of Essex and Commonwealth aforesaid. Esquire,
and Benjamin Lincoln of Boston in the County of Suffolk, Gentleman,
on the other part, witnesseth, that the said Sarah, for and in con-
sideration of the sum of five shillings, lawful money of the Commonwealth
aforesaid, paid her by the said Ebenezer, Daniel, John, Benjamin,
Cotton, Richard, William, Nathan, JonN and Benjamin, and divers
other good causes her thereunto moving, hath sold, released and con-
firmed, and by these presents doth sell, release and confirm to the said
Ebenezer, Daniel, John, Benjamin, Cotton, Richard, William,
Nathan, John and Benjamin, their heirs and assigns, a certain piece
of land lying in the north parish of said Hingham, containing by estima-
tion one quarter of an acre, more or less, bounded westerly on the high-
way, southerly, on land late of Benjamin Loring, of said Boston, de-
ceased, eastwardly on land of Elisha Leavitt of said Hingham, north-
erly on other laud of said Sarah and separated therefrom by a picked
fence ; with all the buildings standing on the same, with all the privileges,
easements and appurtenances to the said land and buildings belonging;
which said land and buildings are now in the actual possession of them
the said Ebenezer, Daniel, John, Benjamin, Cotton, Richard,
William, Nathan, John and Benjamin by virtue of a bargain and
sale to them thereof made by the said Sarah, for the term of one year,
in consideration of five shillings, by Indentures bearing date the day next
before the day of the date of these presents, made between the same
parties, as are parties to these presents and by force of the statute for
transferring uses into possession.

To have and to hold the said land and buildings with all the privileges,
easements and appurtenances thereto belonging, to them the said Ebex\te-
zer, Daniel, John, Benjamin, Cotton, Richard, William, Nathan,
John and Benjamin, their heirs and assigns forever to the use of the
said Sarah during her life, and from and after her decease, then to the
use of the said Ebenezer, Daniel, John, Benjamin, Cotton, Richard,
William, Nathan, John and Benjamin, their heirs and assigns forever,
upon such trusts, nevertheless, and to and for such intents and purposes
as are hereinafter mentioned, expressed and declared of and concerning
the said premises, that is to say :

Upon trust and to the intent and purpose that the said Ebenezer,
Daniel, John, Benjamin, Cotton, Richard, William, Nathan, John
and Benjamin, as soon as may be after said Sarah's decease, lease out
and improve to the best advantage, the said land and buildings, except
such parts thereof as are hereafter otherwise appropriated, and appropri-

Education. 119

ate the rents and profits arising therefrom, for and towards the main-
tenance and support of a School for the teaching of the Youth of the
aforesaid north parish of Hingham and others, and all of the age and
description hereinafter mentioned, in such arts and branches of literature
as are also hereinafter set forth : said School to be subject to such rules,
orders and regulations, as the said Trustees, their survivors, or successors
may think fit from time to time to prescribe, that is to say :

The said School is to be maintained and supported as aforesaid, for the
instruction of all such males as shall be admitted therein, in the Latin,
Greek, English and French languages, and in the sciences of the Mathe-
matics and Geography : and all such females as shall be admitted therein,
in writing and in the English and French lan<ma{jes, arithmetic, and the
art of needlework in' general.

And this grant, release and confirmation, is on this further trust, that
the said Trustees, their survivors or successors, immediately after said
Sarah's decease, elect and appoint a Preceptor for the said School,
skilled in the art of writing, in the sciences aforesaid, and in the Latin,
Greek and English languages, and the sciences of mathematics and geog-
raphy, whose business it shall be to teach the females aforesaid, the art of
writing ; also, the English language and the science of Mathematics ; and
the males aforesaid, in the Latin, Greek and English languages. And
shall also, as soon as may be after said Sarah's decease, elect and appoint
a sensible, discreet woman skilled in the art of needle work, whose busi-
ness it shall be to instruct therein the females that shall be admitted as
aforesaid.

And the aforesaid grant, release and confirmation is on this further
trust, that the said Trustees, their survivors or successors, admit into the
said School all such males of the said north parish from twelve years old
and upwards, and all such females from nine years old and upwards,
whose parents, guardians or patrons, may desire the same. And at an age
under twelve years, when any male is intended for an admission to Har-
vard College, at the discretion o.f the said Trustees, their survivors or
successors, subject however to the following condition ; that is to say, no
scholar of either sex or of any description, shall be admitted to any of the
advantages of the said School, unless he or she supply for the use thereof,
such a proportion of fire-wood, and at such seasons as the said Trustees,
their survivors or successors, shall direct. And further, each individual
of the said Trustees or their successors, shall forever have a right of send-
ing two scholars to the said School, one of each sex. And this grant,
release and confirmation, is also on this trust, that they, their survivors or
successors, admit to the said School, such scholars so nominated and sent,
provided they be of the age or description mentioned and made of those
to be admitted from the parish aforesaid. And also all such males from
the south parish of said Hingham, intended for an admission to the Col-
lege aforesaid, under the age of twelve years, at the discretion of the
said Trustees, their survivors or successors, whose parents, guardians or
patrons, may desire the same. And also all such males from the said
south parish, above twelve years old, as desire to be instructed in the art
of surveying, navigation and their attendant branches of the mathematics,
at the request of their parents, guardians or patrons.

Provided, however, that such last mentioned scholars and all others
that shall ever be admitted to the said School, be subject to the condition
above mentioned, with respect to their proportionable supply of firewood.

120 History of Hingham.

And no persons except such as are above mentioned and described, shall
on any pretence be ever admitted to the said School, unless the number
of female scholars in the said School be less than thirty, or the number
of males less than forty, in either of which cases, the said Trustees, their
survivors or successors, may admit such a number as shall increase the
number of female scholars to thirty, and the number of male to forty ;
preference forever to be given to such poor Orphans whose guardians or
patrons shall request their admittance.

And the aforesaid grant, release and confirmation is on this further
trust, that the said Trustees, their survivors or successors, appropriate to
the use of the scholars aforesaid, the two largest rooms in the dwelling-
house standing on the land aforesaid, fronting westerly on the road ; the
lower room for the use of the males, the upper for the use of the females.
But if the said rooms or either, at the time of the said Sarah's decease,
shall be unfit or shall afterwards become so through age or any accidents,
or shall be totally destroyed, they shall out of the rents and profits afore-
said, rebuild or repair the same, as the case may be, upon the same place
if possible, and if not, then they shall provide some other convenient
place, provided the same be always central to the said north parish, as
near as may be.

And the aforesaid grant, release and confirmation is on this further trust,
that the said Trustees, their survivors or successors, annually, after said
Sarah's decease, appoint some able minister of the Gospel to deliver in
the said north parish, a sermon to the said scholars, for the purpose of
inculcating such principles as are suited to form the mind to virtue ; for
which, from the rents and profits aforesaid, lie shall receive the sum of
six pounds lawful money.

And the aforesaid grant, release and confirmation is on this further
trust, that out of the rents and profits aforesaid, the said Trustees, their
survivors or successors, always keep the buildings aforesaid and the fences
on the land in good repair, and discharge all taxes that may be assessed
thereon ; and after such repairs are made, taxes discharged, and all
charges that may accrue in the execution of the several trusts aforesaid
are paid, the said Trustees, their survivors or successors, shall pay the
residue, if the whole should be found necessary, to the Preceptor and
Mistress aforesaid, at such times, and in such proportion to each, as said
Trustees, their survivors or successors, shall find necessary and con-
venient ; and if any money shall then be found remaining from the rents
and profits aforesaid, the same are to be loaned on interest upon good
security, at the discretion of the said Trustees, their survivors or success-
ors, and the interest thereof appropriated to such uses and purposes, as in
the opinion of said Trustees, their survivors or successors, will most con-
tribute to the interest and most promote the end and design of instituting
and founding the School aforesaid.

And further, it shall forever be the duty of said Trustees, their sur-
vivors or successors, in case either the said Preceptor or the said Mistress
misbehave in the aforesaid employments, or become unequal to their dis-
charge through age, sickness or any infirmity of body or mind, to remove
them or either of them, and appoint others in their stead, and so do from
time to time, as often as any Preceptor or Mistress shall decease, mis-
behave, or become unfit as aforesaid ; and also dismiss any scholar of
either sex from said School who shall conduct him or herself with im-
propriety so as to infringe the rules of the School.

Education. 121

And the aforesaid grant, release and confirmation is on this further
trust, that whenever one of the said Trustees shall decease, that then the
survivors of them shall convey the premises to a new Trustee, such as
they shall elect, to hold to him and his heirs, to the use of such new
Trustee and the surviving Trustees, their heirs and assigns upon the trusts
before mentioned ; and so from time to time as often as any one Trustee
shall decease.

Provided, however, that never more than four of said Trustees belong
to, or be inhabitants of said Hingham. And provided also, that in case
either of the aforenamed Trustees should decease before the said Sarah,
that then the said uses to the new Trustee and surviving Trustees be
limited to take place not until, but immediately after the decease of the
said Sarah.

It is however further agreed by all the parties to these presents, that in
case the said Sarah should, in her life time, release to the said Trustees
her estate for life in the premises, that then the said Trustees shall be
immediately seized thereof to the uses, trusts, intents and purposes afore-
said, in as full and as ample a manner as if the said Sarah had in fact
deceased.

And to the intent that the trusts aforesaid may the more effectually be
carried into execution, and that the said School and its funds, of which
it may now or hereafter be possessed, may be placed upon a firmer basis,
it is further agreed by and between all the parties to these presents, and
the aforesaid grant, release and confirmation is also on this further trust
and confidence, that the said Trustees, their survivors or successors, shall,
within one year from the day of the date of these presents, apply to and
obtain from the Legislature of this said Commonwealth, an act, incor-
porating them, or their survivors or successors, to be appointed as afore-
said, into a body politic by the name of the Trustees of Derby School,
whereby all the lands and buildings aforesaid, with all their privileges,
easements and appurtenances, shall be confirmed to the said Trustees in
their corporate capacity, and to their successors in trust forever, for the
use and purposes, and upon the trusts, which in this said Deed of Lease
and Release are mentioned, expressed and declared ; and also enabling
them, the said Trustees, to receive by gift, grant, bequest or otherwise,
any other lands, tenements or other estate, real or personal, to be appro-
priated according to trusts, intent and design herein before expressed, and
further, to do everything whatsoever necessary to carry the trusts afore-
said into execution, according to the true meaning of the same.

Provided always, nevertheless, and it is hereby declared and agreed, by
and between all the parties to these presents, and it is their true intent
and meaning that it shall and may be lawful for the said Sarah on this
condition, but on this only ; that if the aforesaid Trustees, their survivors
or successors, do not, within the term aforesaid, obtain an Act of Incor-
poration as aforesaid, at any time during her natural life, at her free will
and pleasure, by any writing or writings under her hand and seal, attested
by two or more credible witnesses, or by her last will and testament in
writing, to be by her signed, sealed and published in the presence of three
or more credible witnesses, to revoke, alter, or make void, all and every,
and any of the use or uses, estate or estates, trust or trusts hereinbefore
limited or declared of or concerning the land and buildings aforesaid, and
by the same or any other writing or writings to limit, declare or appoint
any new use or uses, trust or trusts of and concerning the same or any

122 History of Hingham.

parts thereof, whereof such revocations shall be made : and so from time
to time as often as she shall think fit, anything herein contained to the
contrary notwithstanding.

In Witness whereof, the parties to these presents have hereunto inter-
changeably set their hands and seals, the day and year first above
written.

Signed, sealed and delivered

in presence of us. Sarah Derby. (Seal.)

Benjamin Cushing.
William Cushing.

In accordance with the condition in the foregoing deed, the
Trustees obtained from the General Court the following Act,
which was passed Nov. 11, 1784: —

Acts of 1784, Chap. 32. Passed Nov. 11, 1784.

An Act for establishing a School in the North Parish of Hingham, by
the name of the Derby School, and for appointing and incorporating
Trustees of the said School.

WHEREAS the education of youth has ever been considered by the wise
and good as an object of the highest consequence to the safety and happi-
ness of a free people : — And whereas Sarah Derby of Hingham, in
the county of Suffolk, Widow, on the 21st of October last past, by a Deed
of Lease and Release of that date, legally executed, gave, granted and
conveyed to the Rev. Ebenezer Gay, and others therein named, and to
their heirs, a certain piece of land with the buildings thereon, situate in
the north parish of the said Hingham, and in the said Deed described, to
the use and upon the trust, that the rents and profits thereon be appropri-
ated forever to the support of a School in the said north parisli of Hingham,
for the instruction of such youth iu such arts, languages and branches of
science as are particularly mentioned, enumerated and described in the
said Deed : — And whereas the execution of the generous and important
design of instituting the said School will be attended with great embarrass-
ments, unless, by an act of incorporation, the Trustees mentioned in the
said Deed, and their successors, shall be authorized to commence and
prosecute actions at law, and transact such other matters in their corporate
capacity as the interest of the said School shall require :

Sec. 1. Be it therefore enacted, by the Senate and House of Represen-
tatives in General Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, that
there be, and there hereby is established, in the north parish of Hingham,
in the county of Suffolk, a School by the name of Derby School, for the
promotion of virtue and instruction of such youth of each sex in such arts,
languages and branches of science, as are respectively and severally men-
tioned, enumerated and described by a Deed of Lease and Release, made
and executed ou the twenty-first day of October last past, by and between
Sarah Derby, of Hingham aforesaid, Widow, on the one part, aud the
Rev. Ebenezer Gay, the Rev. Daniel Shute, John Thaxter, Esq.,
the Hon. Benjamin Lincoln, Esq., all of the said Hingham ; the Hon.
Cotton Tufts, of Weymouth and the Hon. Richard Cranch, of Brain-
tree, both in the said county of Suffolk, Esqrs. ; the Hon. William

Education. 123

Cushing and the Hon. Nathan Cdshing, both of Scituate, in the
county of Plymouth, Esqrs. ; John Thaxter, of Haverhill, in the County
of Essex, Esq. ; and Benjamin Lincoln, of Boston, in the said county
of Suffolk, Gentleman, on the other part.

Sec. 2. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the afore-
mentioned Ebenezer Gay, Daniel Shute, John Thaxter, Benjamin
Lincoln, Cotton Tufts, Richard Cranch, William Cushing, Na-
than Cushing, John Thaxter, and Benjamin Lincoln, be, and they
hereby are nominated and appointed Trustees of the said School, and they
are hereby incorporated into a body politic, by the name of The Trustees
of Derby School, and they and their successors shall be and continue a
body politic and corporate, by the same name forever.

Sec. 3. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That all the
lands and buildings which by the afore-mentioned Deed of Lease and Re-
lease, were given, granted and conveyed by the afore-mentioned Sarah
Derby, unto the said Ebenezer Gay, Daniel Shute, John Thaxter,
Benjamin Lincoln, Cotton Tufts, Richard Cranch, William
Cushing, Nathan Cushing, John Thaxter and Benjamin Lincoln,
and to their heirs, be, and they hereby are confirmed to the said Ebene-
zer Gay and others last named and to their successors, as Trustees of
Derby School forever, for the uses, intents and purposes, and upon the
trusts which in the said Deed of Lease and Release, are expressed ; and
the Trustees aforesaid, their successors, and the officers of the said School,
are hereby required, in conducting the concerns thereof, and in all matters
relating thereto, to regulate themselves comformably to the true design
and intention of the said Sarah Derby, as expressed in the Deed above-
mentioned.

Sec. 4. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the said
Trustees and their successors shall have one common Seal, which they
may make use of in any cause or business that relates to the said office of
Trustees of the said School ; and they shall have power and authority to
break, change and renew the said Seal from time to time, as they shall
see fit, and they may sue, and be sued in all actions real, personal and
mixed, and prosecute and defend the same to final judgment and execu-
tion, by the name of the Trustees of Derby School.

Sec. 5. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the said
Ebenezer Gay and others, the Trustees aforesaid, and their successors,
the longest livers and survivors of them, be the true and sole visitors,
Trustees, and governors of the said Derby School, in perpetual succession
forever to be continued in the way and manner hereafter specified, with
full power and authority to elect a President, Secretary and Treasurer,
and such officers of the said School as they shall judge necessary and
convenient ; and to make and ordain such laws, rules and orders, for the
good government of the said School, as to them, the Trustees, governors,
and visitors aforesaid, and their successors, shall from time to time, ac-
cording to the various occasions and circumstances, seem most fit and req-
uisite ; all of which shall be observed by the officers, scholars and servants
of the said School, upon the penalties therein contained.

Provided, notwithstanding, that the said rules, laws and orders, be no
ways contrary to the laws of this Commonwealth.

Sec. 6. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the number
of the said Trustees and their successors, shall not at any one time, be
more than eleven nor less than nine, five of whom shall constitute a quorum

124 History of H Ingham.

for transacting business ; and a major part of the members present shall
decide all questions that shall come before them ; that the principal Precep-
tor for the time being shall be ever one of them ; that a major part shall be
laymen and respectable freeholders of this Commonwealth, and never more
than four of the Trustees or their successors shall belong to, or be inhabi-
tants of, the town of Hingham afore-mentioned.

And to perpetuate the succession of the said Trustees:

Sec. 7. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That as often
as one or more of the Trustees of Derby School shall die or resign, or, in
the judgment of the major part of the said Trustees, be rendered, by age
or otherwise, incapable of discharging the duties of his office, then and so
often, the Trustees then surviving and remaining, or the major part of
them, shall elect one or more persons to supply the vacancy or vacancies.

Sec. 8. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the
Trustees aforesaid, and their successors be, and they hereby are, rendered
capable in law to take and receive by gift, grant, devise, bequest, or other-
wise, any lands, tenements, or other estate real and personal, provided
that the annual income of the said real estate shall not exceed the sum of
three hundred pounds, and the annual income of the said personal estate
shall not exceed the sum of seven hundred pounds ; both sums to be
valued in silver at the rate of six shillings and eight pence by the ounce ;
to have and to hold the same to them, the said Trustees and their succes-
sors, on such terms, and under such provisions and limitations, as may be
expressed in any deed or instrument of conveyance to them made. Pro-
vided always, that neither the said Trustees nor their successors, shall
ever hereafter receive any grant or donation, the condition whereof shall
require them or any others concerned, to act in any respect counter to the
design of the afore-mentioned Sarah Derby, as expressed in the afore-
mentioned Deed, or any prior donation ; and ail Deeds and instruments
which ' the said Trustees mav lawfullv make, shall, when made in the
name of the said Trustees, and signed and delivered by the Treasurer and
sealed with the common seal, bind the said Trustees and their successors,
and be valid in law.

Sec. 9. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That the
aforesaid Trustees shall have full power and authority to determine at
what times and places their meetings shall be holden ; and upon the
manner of notifying the Trustees to convene at such meetings ; and also
upon the method of electing or removing Trustees ; and the said Trustees
shall have full power and authority to ascertain and prescribe, from time
to time, the powers and duties of their several officers, and to fix and
ascertain the tenures of their respective offices.

Sec. 10. Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid. That Samuel
Niles, Esq., be. and he hereby is authorized and empowered to fix the
time and place for holding the first meeting of the said Trustees, and to
certify them thereof.

Madam Derby's will was dated June 30, 1789, and a codicil to
the same was dated June 4, 1790. She died, as is previously
stated, June 17, 1790. The portions of the will and codicil re-
lating to the Derby School are here given : —

Education. 125

That part of Sarah Derby's Will which relates to the

Derby School.

I, Sarah Derby, of Hingham, in the county of Suffolk, Widow, this
thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord seventeen hundred and
eighty-nine, do make and ordain this my last will and testament. . . .

Thirdly. — I bequeath to the Trustees of Derby School twenty-five
hundred pounds, in Massachusetts State Notes, in trust however, that they
forever appropriate the interest thereof to the use of the Preceptor of the
said School for the time being.

And I bequeath to the said Trustees the sum of seven hundred pounds
in silver money, in trust, that they rest the same in such good securities
on interest, as they shall determine best, and forever appropriate the
interest thereof to the use of the Mistress of said School for the time
being. . . .

Seventeenthly. — It is mv will that ray picture and my new clock be
placed in the Derby School. . . .

Nineteenthly. — I bequeath to the Trustees of Derby School one hun-
dred pounds in trust, that they rest the same in such good securities on
interest as they shall determine best, and forever appropriate the interest
thereof to the use and benefit of the Minister of the First Parish in Hing-
ham, in consideration of his preaching a Lecture every year in the month
of April, suitable for the youth.

Twentiethly. — The residue of my estate real and personal, I give to the
Trustees of Derby School, in trust, that they rest the same in such good
securities, on interest, as they shall determine best ; the income of which
is to be appropriated to the following purposes. In the first place, to the
support of Phebe, a negro woman now living with me, during her natural
life. The care of said Phebe I recommend to the Rev. Daniel Shute,
and it is my will that the said Daniel shall receive, from time to time,
such sum or sums of the aforesaid income, as he and two others of the
Trustees shall judge necessary for her comfortable support. And the
remainder of said income to be appropriated forever to the repairs of the
buildings and fences thereon, to clothing and supplying with school books,
such poor scholars in this town, as shall be admitted into said School, as
the Trustees in their wisdom shall think fit objects of this charity ; and
also for the promotion of the good of said School in the manner they shall
determine.

Twenty-first. — It is my desire that Abner Lincoln be appointed
Preceptor to the Derby School as soon as it shall be opened.

Twenty-second. — I hereby constitute Joseph Andrews and Caleb
Thaxter, both of Hingham aforesaid, Executors of this my last will and
testament, to which I have set my hand and seal the day and year first
above mentioned.

Signed, sealed and declared by the said Sarah
to be her last will and testament in presence of Sarah Derby

us, who signed our names in presence of the and Seal.

Testatrix and of each other.

Joseph Thaxter.
Benjamin Cushing.
Joshua Thaxter.

126 History of H Ingham.

Codicil to the above Will.

Be it known to all men by these presents, that I, Sarah Derby, of
Hingham, in the county of Suffolk, Widow, have made and declared my
last will and testament in writing, bearing date June the thirtieth, in the
year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine. I, the
said Sarah, by this Codicil, do ratify and confirm my said last will and
testament with the following provisions, viz :

First. — That whereas, in the Deed of Lease and Release given to the
Trustees of Derby School, I have made provision for a sermon to be
preached annually to the youth of said School, it is my will that the
nineteenth article of the above will and testament, inasmuch as it is
superseded by said provision, be null and void.

Seco7idly. — That all the estate, real and personal, which in the above
will I have given to the Trustees of Derby School, to be by them appro-
priated to various purposes therein mentioned, be on this condition, viz :
That said Trustees shall within one year after my decease, in their cor-
porate capacities, make application to the Legislature of this Common-
wealth, that they may have the liberty, in future, of filling up such
vacancies as shall from time to time take place in their body, from any
part of this State without limitation or restriction. But if they should
neglect to comply with this condition ; or if the rents and incomes of said
funds or estate shall ever for the space of two years together, cease to be
appropriated to the purposes for which they were intended, then it is my
will that said funds or estate go to the President and Fellows of Harvard
College, in trust however, that they forever appropriate the interest
thereof to the support of the Professor of Anatomy and Physic.

Thirdly. — It is my will that, from the income of the aforesaid funds,
proper entertainment be made for the Trustees at their several meetings.

It is my will that said Trustees do forever relinrpiish the privilege
which by virtue of the Deed of Lease and Release, they possess as
Trustees, of sending each of them two scholars, one of each sex to Derby
School ; and my will is that this Codicil be considered as part of my last
will and testament, and that all things therein contained be faithfully per-
formed, and as fully in every respect as if the same were so declared in
my said last will and testament. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto
set my hand and seal this fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord
seventeen hundred and ninety.

Signed, sealed and declared by the Sarah Derby.

said Sarah to be a Codicil to her last and Seal.

Will and Testament in presence of us,
who signed our names in presence of
the Testatrix and of each other ; the
interlineation of the word " School "
being first made, and the word " to-
gether."

Joseph Thaxter.

Benjamin Cushing.

Joshua Thaxter.

<A*-aL Sfe/^y

Education. 127

The legacies were promptly paid, as the following receipts for
the same attest : —

Hingham, Septemb' 17, 1790.

Received of Mess? Joseph Andrews & Caleb Thaxter, Executors of
the Last Will & Testament of Mrs. Sarah Derby deceased, the follow-
ing securities for the purposes specified in said Will : —

Massachusetts State notes — twenty-six hundred and twenty-seven
pounds, fourteen shillings and three pence — twenty-five hundred, the
interest therefrom, to be for the support of the Preceptor of Derby School,
the interest of said notes paid up to August l8t 1788.

Continental Loan Office Certificates — seven hundred dollars, the interest
paid up to December 318t 1784. Eight hundred and twenty-five dollars
in Hardy's Indents. Two thousand three pounds, five shillings & ten
pence in private notes of hand, seven hundred pounds, the interest arising
therefrom to be for the support of the Preceptress of Derby School, fifty-
eight pounds, nine shillings & seven pence interest due on said notes. Also
a clock for the use of said school, with the picture of said deceased, and
sundry articles of furniture found in said House designed for the School
House, the whole by appraisement thirty-one pounds, eight shillings. I do
hereby acknowledge that I have received the foregoing securities and ar-
ticles, and that I have received for the Trustees the possession of the Real
Estate, consisting of about half an acre of Laud, more or less, bounded
southerly on the land conveyed to the Trustees of Derby School, westerly
& northerly on the highway, easterly on the land of the Heirs of Elisha
Leavitt, deceased, with all the buildings thereon, consisting of two dwelling-
houses, a shop, and outhouses, also a small Barn standing on the Town's
land, separated from the land aforesaid by the highway in the northerly
bounds thereof; all which the said Sarah Derby gave to the Trustees
of Derby School as Residuary Legatees for the purposes specified in said
Will.

John Thaxter,
Treasr to the Trustees of Derby School.

Witnesses :

Anna Thaxter.
Quincy Thaxter.

Hingham, Decemb' 23, 1790.

Further received of Mess™ Joseph Andrews & Caleb Thaxter, Ex-
ecutors of the last Will and Testament of Mr8 Sarah Derby deceased,
four hundred and twenty-three pounds twelve shillings and one penny in
private notes of hand the interest included. Also two hundred and twenty-
five dollars in old Continental money.

John Thaxter,
i Treasr to the Trustees of Derby School .

Witnesses :

Anna Thaxter.
Quincy Thaxter.

All was now prepared to carry out the trusts and wishes of
Madam Derby.

Before entering upon the story of the school itself, it may be
interesting to recall the situation and general appearance of the
buildings.

128 History of Hingham.

By the deed of Madam Derby the trustees acquired about one
quarter of an acre of land which lay south of "other land of said
Sarah, and separated therefrom by a picked fence," and as residu-
ary legatees under her will, about half an acre lying between the
former piece and the highway, now known as South Street. Upon
the quarter-acre lot was a large dwelling-house, standing upon
the same spot as that upon which the present Academy building
stands, and it was in this that the school was first kept. This
building was taken down in 1818. In the rear of the lot against
the bank, which is in the line of the Cemetery, stood another
building, occupied by several families. It was two stories in
front and one in the rear. This building was subsequently sold,
and moved to the street now known as West Street, but is not now
standing. The buildings upon the half-acre lot and across South
Street are described in the foregoing receipt of the treasurer of
the Trustees. These, with the land, were sold in several different
parcels at different times between 1800 and 1818.

It must be borne in mind that the street in front of the Academy
was very much changed in 1831. Previously to this date, the
street separated into two ways, one " over the hill " on the side of
the Academy grounds, and one " under the hill " in front of the
land now owned by Mr. Henry C. Harding, the westerly line of the
street being much nearer Mr. Harding's house than at present.
Between these two ways were buildings, and it was upon this de-
clivity that the first meeting-house was erected and the early
settlers were buried.

The following description is given by a correspondent in the
" Hingham Journal " in the paper of Sept. 17, 1858 : —

" I can just remember the old Academy building. . . . The new edifice
was erected in 1818, and before it was a row of flourishing sycamores, or
buttonwood-trees, shutting out with their thick and loft}' branches the view
of the street and forming no mean academic grove. They were said to
have been planted and nurtured by Madam Derby's own hand. Little
could she have dreamed of the early fate that was to overtake these fine
trees, struck suddenly down by an epidemic disease, the origin of which
is still disputed, and still remains in doubt, though considered by many
as the work of an insect. . . . None of the present race of scholars can
remember the hill directly in front of the Academy, on which, at that
time, stood two small one-story buildings. One of them was the town
schoolhouse, very different, both externally and internally, from the
commodious structures of the present day. ... It was located in danger-
ous proximity to another school, so that, as might be expected, the two
were in almost a perpetual state of war, especially during snowballing
time, when pitched battles were of daily occurrence. . . . The other
building was occupied by Mr. Thomas Loud, as a hatter's shop and post-
office, and by Mr. Samuel Norton, as a watchmaker's shop. The window
at which he sat for so many years looked out upon the Broad Bridge, or
down town, and before it stood a large Balm-of-Gilead tree. A high rail-
ing separated Mr. Norton from the intruding boys, who were fond of going
in and enjoying his witticisms, shrewd remarks, and questions, which they

Education. 129

were often puzzled to answer. The distance from the shop to his father's
house, at the foot of the hill, was the extent of Mr. Norton's travels, and
no man probably ever pursued a more unvaried, noiseless, and peaceful
life. He was a man of uncommon natural ability, and had he enjoyed the
same advantages, it was thought he would have been as distinguished as
his brother, the late Professor Andrews Norton, who, as a Biblical scholar,
ranked second to none the country has ever produced. . . . The hill was
soon after dug down and levelled to its present condition. The workmen
found a large quantity of bones, the remains of the early settlers of the
town, who had been buried there. . . . Another building still standing is
intimately associated with the history of the Academy, and was one of the
institutions of that day. This was Mr. Theodore Cushiug's shop, which
supplied more than one generation with pencils, pens, writing-books, nuts,
candy, and gingerbread. Another small shop was kept in the end of Mr.
Elisha Cushing's house, nearest to the Academy, by Miss Abigail Thaxter,
and another by Miss Lydia Loring, in the house now occupied by Mr.
Caleb B. Marsh. Such was the Academy and its surroundings, when I
first knew it, say from thirty to thirty-live years ago."

Another person, who, when a boy, attended school in the old
building, has given the writer his personal recollections, as
follows : —

" The foundation of the building was about five feet above the level of
the street, with a dilapidated fence on a line with it on the upper edge of
a grass bank, inside of which was a row of large buttonvvood-trees. The
great change in front, since that time, by taking down the hill, makes a
vast difference in appearance."

The first meeting of the Trustees was held, according to the
records, Dec. 22, 1784. The first business transacted was the
choice of officers. William Gushing was chosen President, Ben-
jamin Lincoln, Jr., Secretary, and John Thaxter, Treasurer.

Meetings were held from time to time at which no business
of great importance was transacted further than to keep the
organization alive, and for the election of Trustees to fill
vacancies, until after the death of Madam Derby in 1790.

Aug. 26, 1790, a committee of the Trustees was appointed to
draw up a petition to be presented to the General Court at its
next session, agreeably to a requisition in the codicil of the late
Mrs. Derby's will.

The Trustees, having received their legacies from Madam
Derby's executor, took the preliminary steps towards opening the
school by passing the following votes : —

" Dec. 20, 1790, Voted, To come to the choice of a principal preceptor
for Derby School, and Mr. Abner Lincoln was unanimously chosen.

" Voted, That Mr. Lincoln be paid one hundred pounds lawful money as
his salary, for the services of the first year, his salary to commence at the
time of the opening of the school.

" Voted, That the school shall be opened on the first Tuesday in April
next.

VOL. i. — 9*

130 History of Hingham.

" Voted, To choose by ballot a person to preach a sermon before the
trustees and the school on the first Tuesday in April next, at half-past
two o'clock p.m. ; and the Rev. Dr. Shute was chosen."

April 5, 1791, a sermon was preached by Dr. Shute ; the school
was formally opened, and at a meeting later in the same month a
preceptress was chosen.

The accounts of the treasurer show that Dr. Shute was paid £6
" for preaching a sermon at the opening of the school;" The pre-
ceptor and preceptress were each paid their salaries for the quarter
beginning in April, 1791.

The school may be considered as established by Madam Derby's
deed of Oct. 21, 1784. It was opened April 5, 1791.

There is no satisfactory information as to the number of scholars
at the opening of the school, for it was not until 1831 that the
Trustees required the teachers to keep a list of scholars. A list
of male scholars from 1793 to 1797 gives 115 names. An-
other list of male scholars, from 1810 to 1826, gives 272 names.
The larger portion of these were from Hingham, but many were
from other towns in Massachusetts and other States. There were
also several Spaniards, probably from Cuba, among the number.
It is not important to give the exact number of pupils in attend-
ance during the many years of the existence of the school. The
membership has varied with the varying popularity of the teachers
from about thirty to eighty, both males and females being included
in this enumeration.

The long delay of the town in establishing a High School, which
was opened in 1872, caused this school to be the one where, up to
that time, almost every boy who was fitted for college in Hingham
received much of his classical education, and where nearly all who
received any other education than the common schools could give
them obtained it. Practically a free school to those from Hing-
ham, who can doubt that Madam Derby, in establishing it, is to be
reckoned as one of the benefactors of the town ? Undoubtedlv, the
fact that the town had the benefit of this school delayed a com-
pliance with the law requiring a High School to be kept, and
several unsuccessful attempts were made to devise some plan by
which the Academy should serve such a purpose ; but whether
this delay was wise or not, it is a fact of history that for over
eighty years the town enjoyed the benefits of a higher education
tbrouerh the munificence of Madam Derbv. Let that "just tribute
be paid to her memory. Whatever the future of the school may
be, the past is secure, and many a generation will owe its inherited
intellectual advancement to the seed sown in the minds of its an-
cestors within the walls of Derby Academy.

Besides obtaining the Act of Incorporation, the Trustees had
occasion to present petitions to the General Court for further
legislation, and all further Acts and Resolves relating to the
institution are here given.

Education. 131

Sept. 15, 1790, in the Senate. " Petition of the Trustees of the Derby
School for authority to fill such vacancies as may from time to time take
place in their body from any part of the State, without limitation or
restriction.

" Read and ordered to be referred to the next session of the General
Court."

This application being made, the terms of the codicil were
complied with, but there seems to have been no further action at
the next session of the General Court.

Resolves, March, 1793. CLXVII.

Resolve on the petition of Benjamin Lincoln and Christopher Gore,
Esquires, Trustees of Derby School in Bingham, March 28, 1793.

On the petition of Benjamin Lincoln, Esq., and Christopher Gore, Esq.,
two of the Trustees of the Derby School in Hingham ; and it appearing
that the estate hereinafter mentioned is not returned for the valuation of
that town : —

Resolved, That all and singular the lands, buildings, and personal es-
tate, within the said town of Hingham, the income whereof is by a certain
deed, and by the last will of the late Mrs. Sarah Derby, appropriated to
the use and support of said Derby School, are, and shall remain, during
such appropriation, wholly discharged of all public taxes : and the as-
sessors of the said town shall govern themselves accordingly.

The Massachusetts policy of incorporated academies is set forth
in the following document : —

" At the General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts held
on the twenty-fifth day of January, 1797.

" Ordered, That the secretary be, and hereby is, directed to cause the
report of a committee of both houses on the subject of grants of land to
sundry academies within this Commonwealth, to be printed with the
resolves which shall pass the General Court at the present session.

" And be it further ordered, That the grants of land specified in said
report shall be made to the trustees of any association within the respec-
tive counties mentioned in said report, where there is no academy at
present instituted, who shall first make application to the General Court
for that purpose ; provided, they produce evidence that the sum required
in said report is secured to the use of such institution ; and provided, that
the place contemplated for the situation of the academy be approved of
by the legislature."

The " Report on the Subject of Academies at Large, Feb.
27, 1797," speaks of " Derby School, which serves all the general
purposes of an academy." This report, said to have been written
by Nathan Dane, of Beverly, recommends " half a township of six
miles square, of the unappropriated lands in the district of Maine,
to be granted to each academy having secured to it the private
funds of towns and individual donors."

Manifestly the Trustees deemed it for the pecuniary advantage

132 History of Hingham.

of the school to have it an incorporated academy, which might
secure a grant of land in Maine. Accordingly we find them, with
commendable promptness, voting on April 4, 1797, " that General
Lincoln be appointed a committee to apply to the General Court
in behalf of the trustees, that the style of the Derby School may
be changed to that of the Derby Academy, and that it may be
entitled to all the privileges which are granted to academies."

Acts op 1797, Chap. 9. Passed June 17, 1797.

An Act to erect Derby School, in the North Parish in Hingham, into an
Academy, by the name of Derby Academy.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General
Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, that the School estab-
lished in the North Parish in Hingham, by the name of Derby School,
by an Act entitled " An Act for establishing a School in the North
Parish in Hingham, by the name of Derby School, and for appointing
and incorporating Trustees of said School," passed the eleventh day of
November, in the year of our Lord seventeen hundred and eighty-four,
be, and hereby is made and erected into an Academy ; and the Trustees
named and incorporated in the Act aforesaid, and their successors forever,
shall be bound to perform all the duties required in said Act, of the Trus-
tees of Derby School, and may sue and be sued, and shall hold, enjoy,
and exercise all the interests, rights, privileges, and immunities which
were, or might have been held, enjoyed, and exercised by, and were
secured to, the Trustees of the said School by the aforesaid Act, in the
same manner, and to all intents and purposes as they would have, had not
the said School been erected into an Academy.

The desired benefit was secured a few vears later.

Resolves, June, 1803. XXIX.

Resolve on the petition of Benjamin Lincoln, Esq., granting half
township of land to Derby Academy at Hingham, June 18, 1803.

On the petition of Benjamin Lincoln, Esq., in behalf of the Trustees
of the Derby Academy, in the town of Hingham, praying for the grant
of a township of land for the use of said Academy.

Resolved, That there be, and hereby is granted to the Trustees of the
Derby Academy, in the town of Hingham, and their successors, one half
township of land of six miles square, for said Academy, to be laid out or
assigned by the agents or committee for the sale of Eastern lands, in some
of the unappropriated lands in the district of Maine, belonging to this
Commonwealth, excepting the ten townships lately purchased of the
Penobscot Indians, with the reservations and conditions of settlement
which have been usually made in cases of similar grants, which tract
the said Trustees are hereby empowered to use, sell, or dispose of as they
may think most for the interest and benefit of that institution.

Education. 133

Acts of 1826, Chap. 16. Passed June 20, 1826.

An Act in addition to an Act, entitled, "An Act to erect Derby School
in the North Parish of Hingham, into an Academy, by the name of Derby
Academy."

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General
Court assembled, and by authority of the same, That so much of the sixth
section of an act, passed on the eleventh day of November, in the year
of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-four, entitled " An
Act for establishing a School in the North Parisli of Hingham, by the
name of the Derby School," and for appointing and incorporating Trus-
tees of the said school, as provides that the principal preceptor of the
said school, for the time being, shall always be one of the said Trustees,
be, and the same is hereby repealed.

Following the records of the Trustees, we are reminded that
physical grace, as well as development of the mind, was recog-
nized as a feature in society to be cultivated ; for on April 1, 1794,
it was

" Voted, That the Preceptor be authorized to dispense with the attend-
ance at the school, two hours in each week, of such children, whose
parents or guardians may desire it in writing, that they may learn the
art of dancing, provided, that such absence from the Derby School does
not interrupt their improvement there, and so long as this indulgence shall
not interfere with the general welfare of the school."

For many years after the opening of the school the male and
female departments were entirely distinct. The first building
wras said to have been built under the supervision of Madam
Derby, but whether it was for this express purpose is not known.
As early as 1805 the Trustees took action looking towards the
erection of a new building " as soon as the state of the funds
will admit," and Nov. 12, 1817, it was

" Voted, That a new Academy be built the next season."

A committee was chosen to carry the above vote into effect,
and it was

" Voted, That the committee be instructed to build the new Academy
near the place of the present, and nearly on the plan which has been
exhibited to the Trustees ; that they study economy, and make such varia-
tions and improvements as they, after due deliberation, and consulting
disinterested gentlemen, may think proper.

"May 20, 1818, Voted, That all the buildings now owned by the Trus-
tees of the Derby Academy be taken down and the materials disposed of
to the best advantage of said Trustees.

" Voted, That the committee for the erection of the new Academy be
empowered to make a passage on the south front of the Academy, for
entrance into the school, or any other arrangement which they shall think
proper.

134 History of Hingham.

" Voted, That the projection of the new Academy be so constructed that
a bell may be placed in it, and that said Academy be painted once and
the trimmings twice."

The amount expended for the erection of the new Academy
was $3,930.10.

"Nov. 8, 1820, Voted, That Martin Lincoln, Esq., be emjDOwered to
procure a bell, weighing about one hundred and fifty pounds, and cause
the same to be huiiir on the Academy.

"Nov. 10, 1841, Voted, That the female department be suspended until
March 1, for the purpose of making the above alterations [new seats and
a new floor].

"November, 1843, Voted, That on and after the 1st of June next the
male school be discontinued to Dec. 1, and that the treasurer be author-
ized to make arrangements for the necessary repairs on and about the
building.

"June 4, 1849, Voted, That the present vacation be extended to Mon-
day, the 11th instant, in order that a doorway uniting the two schools may
be opened in the partition-wall dividing them."

The above vote seems to have been the first definite move
towards uniting the two departments into one school, which it
will appear was effected not long afterwards.

"May 19, 1852, Voted, That the schools be closed for one quarter, in
order that the following repairs and alterations in the building be made,
viz. : Throwing the two school-rooms into one and enlarged by including
the back entries therein ; enlarging the lower entries so as to give more
room for the garments of the scholars to be hung, and for other need-
ful improvements ; and placing a furnace in the cellar for warming the
school-rooms ; and any other incidental improvements that may suggest
themselves to the standing committee.

"Aug. J, 1860, Voted, To accept the Report proposing to prepare reci-
tation-rooms in the hall.

"May 30, 1863, Voted, That a piano be hired for the ensuing year.

" May 18, 1864, Voted, That the treasurer be authorized to purchase
of Messrs. Chickering, on the terms proposed by them, the piano now in
use in the Academy.

"Dec. 20, 1882, Voted, That the Treasurer be authorized to fit up the
upper room to make it comfortable for a recitation-room."

This last vote marks the date of a new departure in the Acad-
emy ; for, at the meeting of June 20, 1883, the matter of a pre-
paratory department was referred to a committee, with power to
establish the same if they thought proper. This department was
established and it was designed to receive, under the supervision
of the Trustees and the Preceptor, pupils at a younger age than
could be admitted to the Academy itself, upon payment of a tui-
tion fee. After passing satisfactory examinations the scholars
in this department are admitted to the Academy. At the begin-
ning of the fall term of 1885 still younger pupils were received,
and the school is virtually a primary school connected with the

Education. 135

Academy, although debarred from the benefits of Madam Derby's
bequests in many respects.

The above votes mark all the substantial alterations winch
have been made in the school-buildings, and indicate many of
the changes in the school itself.

On April 5, 1791, the day of the opening of the school, the
Trustees appointed Hon. Richard Couch and Hon. Cotton Tufts
a committee for the purpose of providing a seal for the Trustees.

SEAL OF DF.KBY ACADEMY, HINGHAM.

The absence of any public halls for public meetings of all
kinds, until recent years, called the Academy into use frequently,
— both the old building and the new. More than one religious
society held meetings there before the erection of their meeting-
houses. The building erected in 1818 gave the north part of the
town the only hall of any considerable size until the erection of
Loring Hall, in 1852, and it was the usual place for lectures,
meetings, and social gatherings.

The Trustees, in 1821, voted to let the hall of the Academy to
the town of Hingham for the purpose of holding town-meetings
at -$8.00 a meeting, or at $30.00 a year, the town making good
all extra damage. Previously the town-meetings had most fre-
quently been held in the meeting-house of the First Parish.
Several private schools were kept in the lower story of the Acad-
emy at different times, and in more recent years a room has been
occupied by the Second Social Library.

The Derby School and Academy have at times occupied a
prominent place in the discussions of the town-meetings, and
on more than one occasion action has been taken by the town
leading to conferences with the trustees, sometimes of a friendly
character, and sometimes, more especially in the earlier years,
tempered with ill-feeling.

As early as the March meeting of 1794, a committee was ap-
pointed by the town to. " examine the privileges the town and
parish are entitled to in the Derby School, and whether they are
deprived of any privilege which by Mrs. Derby's will, lease, or

136 History of Hingham,

charter they are entitled to in said school ; and they are to con-
sider what farther steps are necessary to be taken respecting the
matter." This committee made a report at the following " April
meeting." The report recites at length the privileges to which
the parish and town arc entitled, and states that the " parish and
town have not had the benefit that was designed them by the
donor of said school." The reasons for the above conclusion are
given, which amount in substance to the impression that, while
the school was designed as a charity for the benefit of the poor,
it was really being conducted in such a manner as to deter poor
people from sending their children to it, and that the regulations
adopted by the trustees served " only those in affluence and ob-
jects of trustee charity, to the exclusion of those in moderate
circumstances." The same committee was appointed " to wait
upon the Trustees and confer with them about the regulations "
of the school. The Trustees made answer and the whole matter
was disposed of at the March meeting of 1705, when it was
voted to dismiss the article in the warrant respecting the report
of the committee on the Derby School.

In 1821 a complaint to the Trustees was made by a committee
of the town concerning the teachers and the place in which the
animal lecture was delivered. There was a reply by the Trus-
tees, in which they defended themselves and the teachers. This
called forth a spirited rejoinder from the town's committee, and
the controversy was terminated by the Trustees voting to take no
further action. This discussion was so much flavored with the
heated prejudices of the time that it would serve no good purpose
of history to dwell at length upon it, and it is only alluded to for
a record of the fact. The later intercourse between the town
and the Trustees was of a more amicable nature.

The town being required to maintain a High School, two un-
successful attempts were made to devise some plan by which the
Academy should serve this purpose and thus, in the interest of
economy, secure to the town the advantage of its funds.

The first attempt was made in 1855, when, at a town-meeting
in April, the whole subject of the schools in Hingham was re-
ferred to a committee, authorizing them " to confer with the
Trustees of Derby Academy with a view to ascertain whether
that institution can be made in any way to answer the purpose
of a High School for the town." The Trustees were desirous of
meeting the wishes of the town so far as it was in their power to
do so. " They did not feel authorized, however, to make such a
change in the character and management of the institution as
that proposed, without first obtaining the opinion of counsel,
learned in the law, respecting their legal powers and duties under
the deed of trust and will of Mrs. Derby and the act of the legis-
lature by which they were incorporated. They therefore con-
sulted Hon. John M. Williams, and obtained from him a written
opinion, the substance of which is as follows. The question pro-

Education. 137

posed to Judge Williams was this : ' Can the Trustees either by
their own authority, or by virtue of any judicial or legislative in-
terference, depart from the specified directions of the trust, so far
as to accommodate the Academy to the requisitions of the law
respecting a High School 1 ' The question was thoroughly inves-
tigated and an elaborate opinion was given. [This opinion was
printed by the Trustees.] The conclusion arrived at was, that
the Trustees cannot, either by their own authority, or aided by
judicial or legislative interposition, lawfully depart from the
specified directions of the trust. The result is, therefore, that
the Trustees cannot relinquish the control of the institution to
the town, or delegate their powers to the school committee or any
other body of men. The Academy must continue to be managed
by a board of Trustees, chosen, as vacancies occur, by the remain-
ing members thereof." A report by the committee was submit-
ted to the town in March, 1856, and this attempt to utilize the
Academy failed.

A second effort to accomplish the same object, in a somewhat
different way, was made in 1870. The Trustees met the town
authorities in a friendly and liberal spirit, and were desirous of
taking any consistent action which would bring the Academy
into " harmony and concert with the town schools." An elabo-
rate report was made to the town in March, 1871, but this second
attempt also failed.

In justice to the Trustees, it must be said that they placed no
further obstacles in the way of securing to the town the direct
benefit of their trust-funds than the legal restrictions imposed
upon them compelled. Whether we look at the question from
the standpoint of the Academy or the town, we are forced to the
conclusion that it is a public misfortune that no successful result
followed these attempts, which engaged the careful thought of
many of our most intelligent citizens.

The annual sermon to the scholars, for which Madam Derby
made provision in her deed of lease and release, has been deliv-
ered annually since the opening of the school. It soon became
known as the " Derby Lecture." The day of its delivery has also
been the occasion of the annual exhibition of the scholars. For
many years it was a gala day in the annals of the town. The
scholars, teachers, and trustees marched in procession to the place
of the delivery of the lecture, and many will recall the white dresses
of the girls and the white trousers of the boys, which was the uni-
form dress until quite recent years. Throngs of people lined the
streets as the procession passed. The Rev. Jacob Norton, of Wey-
mouth, in his diary, under date of April 2, 1793, on which day he
delivered the lecture, says, " Between eighty and ninety youth be-
longing to the school, of both sexes, preceded the trustees, in pro-
cession to the meeting-house." The services were held in the
meeting-house of the First Parish from the beginning until 1807.
In that year, owing to the unhappy differences which had arisen

138 History of Hingham.

between the religious societies in the north part of the town, the
Trustees voted " that the lecture, the present year, be held in the
Academy : " and in 1808 they voted " that the lecture be held in
the New North Meeting-House," since which time the services
have been held in that house, except in the year 1890 when they
were held in the Meeting-House of the First Parish, as the New
North Meeting-House was then undergoing repairs.

Whatever becamt; of the original portrait of Madam Derby,
which she desired by her will should be placed in the Derby
School, no one can tell. The portrait now in the Academy is
a copy. The following extracts from the " Hingham Gazette "
show by what means it was obtained. In the paper of May 22,
1835, it is stated that " after the Derby lecture on Wednesday the
pupils of the Academy held a fair in the hall ; the object of which
was to procure funds to enable them to obtain a copy of the por-
trait of Madam Derby, the founder of the institution. The re-
ceipts were $124.80." * And in the paper of June 12, 1835, " We
learn that the young ladies of Derby Academy have determined
to apply the proceeds of their late fair to obtain a copy of the
portrait of the founder of the institution, and we are pleased also
that they have selected so accomplished an artist as Mr. Osgood to
execute the work." The artist was Samuel Stillman Osgood.

The portrait of Dr. Hersey, now in the Academy, is also a copy.
The "Hingham Patriot" in its issue of May 14, 1847, contains a
notice of a social meeting on the evening of Lecture Day, and
says, " The surplus funds are to be devoted to obtain a full por-
trait of Dr. Hersey, the real founder of the Academy." On May
24, 1848, the Trustees " Voted, That the original painting of Dr.
Hersey be presented to Widow Jonathan R. Russell, of Milton, a
copy thereof being now in the possession of the Trustees."

The Preceptors of the Derby School and Academy have gen-
erally been gentlemen of scholarly attainments and of classical
training. It is difficult to make special mention of individuals,
but as Academies were more marked institutions in the early
part of the century than in the latter years, so the Preceptors were
more marked men. Their terms of service were as a rule longer
than now. For the past forty years they have usually been young
men spending a few years after their college graduation in acquir-
ing means for pursuing professional studies, although in some
instances they have been men who have made teaching their
profession.

The first Preceptor, Mr. Abner Lincoln, selected by Madam
Derby herself, was a man admirably adapted to the position. It
has been said of him, " Many of his pupils recollect with grateful
feelings the amiable qualities, the happy faculty of teaching, and
the perseverance with which he devoted himself to the promotion
of their good. The connection of teacher and pupil is often pro-
ductive of agreeable associations in after life, and frequently a tie

Education.

189

of friendship is formed between them, which is separated only by
death. Mr. Lincoln could number among his numerous pupils
many who retained, a strong feeling of personal regard for him,
and from whom he received the most friendly memorials of their
esteem." He continued in the office for fifteen years.

For Rev. Daniel Kimball, who for seventeen years and a half
taught the school, his pupils retained an amount of veneration and
respect which mark him as a successful preceptor.

Mr. Increase S. Smith was Preceptor for a longer term than
any other on the list, filling the office for eighteen years.

On Dec. 23, 1790, the final payment was made by the executors
of the will of Madam Derby to the Trustees ; and on July 1, 1791,
a committee reported that the personal property in the hands of
the treasurer was as follows : —

Whole stock £6,073 8 11.

Productive stock 5,325 16 4.

After the sale of a portion of the real estate, a statement,
in July, 1800, shows the amount of personal property to have
been $23,741.29. The sale of lands in Maine, granted to the
Trustees in 1803, still further increased the personal property.

In July, 1810, it was valued at $36,336.25

In 1820
In 1830
In 1840
In 1850
In 1800
In 1870
In 1880
In 1890

23,905.44
25,528.10
26,478.20
26,258.00
28,850 00
31,729.30
29,653.21
29,204.68

TRUSTEES.

1784

1784

1784
1784

Rev. Ebenezer Gay, D.D.,

Hingham 1787

Rev. Daniel Shute, D.D.

Hingham . ... 1801

John Thaxter, Hingham 1793

Benjamin Lincoln " . . 1809

1784 Cotton Tufts, Weymouth 1815

1784 Richard Cranch,Braintree 1797

1784 William Cushing, Scituate 1805

1784 Nathan Cushing "

1784 John Thaxter, Haverhill 1791

1784 Benjamin Lincoln, Boston 1788

The above were appointed in the deed from Madam Derby.

1790 Rev. Henry Ware, Hingham

1790 Rev. Jacob Norton, Wey-

mouth 1825

1791 Christopher Gore . . . 1796
1794 John Lowell . . . 1802

1796 Rev. Thaddeus Mason Har-

ris 1808

1797 George R Minot . . . 1801
1801 Rev. Nicholas Bowes Whit-
ney 1835

1801 John Davis 1804

1803 Rev.JohnAllyn,Duxbury 1829

1804 Thomas Boylston Adams 1818

1805 Daniel Shute .... 1818

1808 Rev. Jacob Flint, Cohasset 1835

1809 Rev. Henry Colman, Hing-

ham 1811

1810 Robert Thaxter, M.D., Dor-

chester 1842

1811 Levi Lincoln, M.D. . . 1829

140

History of Hingham.

1813 Rev. Peter Whitney, Quincy
1815 John Winslow, Hanover
1818 Martin Lincoln, Hingham

1818 Gushing Otis, M.D., Scitu-

ate .......

1819 James Savage, Boston .
1825 Ezra W. Sampson, Brain-
tree

1827 Rev. Charles Brooks, Hing-
ham . ....
1829 Rev. Samuel Deane, Scitu-

ate

1829 Ebenezer Gay, Hingham
1829 Abel Gushing, Dorchester
1832 Robert Treat Paine Fiske,

M.D., Hingham
1834 Rev. Edmund Quincy
Sewall, Scituate

1836 Rev. Harrison Gray Otis

Phipps, Gohasset . .
1S36 Daniel Shute, M.D., Hing-
ham

1837 Edward Thaster, Hingham
1837 Rev. Samuel J. May,

Scituate

1837 Gen. Appleton Howe, M.D.

Weymouth ....

1838 Jairus Lincoln, Hingham

1840 Rev. Oliver Stearns, Hiug-

ham

1841 Rev. AVilliam P. Lunt,

Quincy

1842 Francis Thomas, M.D.,

Scituate

1842 Rev. Joseph Osgood, Co-

hasset

1844 Ebenezer Gay, Hingham

1848 Rev. John Lewis Russell,

Hingham

1849 Increase S. Smith . . .

1850 Charles Francis Adams .
1850 Andrew L. Russell .
1853 Rev. Caleb Stetson, South

Scituate

1862

1837

1854

1819

1837

1857

1837

1857

1844

1857

1829

1861

1840

1861

1834

1863

1832

1863

185U

1866

1806

1866

184S

1866

1S41

1S69

1869

1838

1871

1841

1871

1873

1842

1S75

1849

1876

1857

1877

1857

1877

1857

1877

1S79

1879

1867

1884

1866

1889

1861

1891

1891

Henry Edson Hersey, Hing-
ham 1863

Rev. Calvin Lincoln, Hing-
ham 1877

Benjamin Cushing, M.D.,

Dorchester . . 1871

Rev. George Leonard,

Marshfield .... 1866

John A Andrew . . .

John Quincy Adams, Quin-
cy 1S69

Solomon Lincoln, Jr., Salem
Henry A. Clapp, Dorchester 1S69
Henry C. Harding, Hing-
ham

Rev. Joshua Young, Hing-
ham 1873

Charles C. Tower, M.D.,

Weymouth .... 1S76
Thomas T. Bouve, Boston 1873
Levi X. Bates, Cohasset 1884
John D. Long, Hingham
Arthur Lincoln "
Rev. William L. Chaffin,

North Easton . . . 1875
Hosea H. Lincoln, Boston
James H. Wilder " 1879
Rev. Edward A. Horton,

Hingham

William I. Nichols, Cam-
bridge 1891

Rev. William II. Fish,

South Scituate . . . 1878
Rev. Edmund Q. S. Osgood,

Plymouth .... 1887
Rev. Frederick Frothing-

ham, Milton .... 1891
J. Winthrop Spooner, M.D.,

Hingham ....
William C. Bates, Canton
James E. Thomas, Rock-
land

Rev. Henry F. Jenks, Canton

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

1784 William Cushing.

1804 Cotton Tufts.

1815 John Allyn.

1828 Peter Whitney.

1837 Robert Thaxter.

1784 Benjamin Lincoln, Jr.

1790 Henry Ware.

1805 Nicholas B. Whitney.

1835 Charles Brooks.

Presidents,

1842

Abel Cushing.

1850

AVilliam P. Lunt.

1856

Charles Francis Adams

1859

Increase S. Smith.

1866

Joseph Osgood.

Secretaries

1838

Jairus Lincoln.

1844

Ebenezer Gav.

1867

Calvin Lincoln.

1872

Arthur Lincoln.

Education.

141

1784 John Thaxter.

1793 Daniel Shute.

1796 Benjamin Lincoln.

1807 Levi Lincoln, Jr.

Treasurers.

1827 Martin Lincoln.

1837 Edward Thaxter.

1841 Robert T. P. Fiske.

I860 Henry C. Harding.

PRECEPTORS.

Abner Lincoln
Andrews Norton
James Day .
Samuel Merrill
Daniel Kimball
Increase S. Smith
Thomas Snow acted for one month in
1844 Luther B. Lincoln
James AValdock .
John S. Brown
Thomas M. Stetson
Ezra W. Gale . .
James I. H. Gregory
Joseph Willard, Jr.
James M. Cassety

1790
1806
1806
1807
1808
1826

1847
1849
1850
1852
1853
1855
1855

1805
1806

1826
1844
1826.
1847
1849
1850
1852
1853
1855
1855
1859

1859
1867
1870
1870
1871
1872
1872
1874
1S77
1878
1878
1880
1885
1891

Henry F. Munroe
Lewis F. Dupee .
J. Willard Brown
Thomas J. Emery
Frank J. Marsh .
Augustine Simmons
J. B. Atwood .
William I. Nichols
Nathan H. Dole .
Harold Wilder . .
Edward Higginson
James E. Thomas
Henry M. Wright .
G. Herbert Chittenden

1867
1870
1870
1871
1872
1872
1874
1876
1878
1878
1880
1885
1891

Assistants.

1791 Peter Whitney

1794 Timothy Alden .

1795 Henry Cummings

1794

1797
1799
1845

Elisha Clap . . .
Jotham Waterman
Nathan Lincoln .

PRECEPTRESSES.

1791 Lucy Lane

1796 Elizabeth Dawes . .

1804 Betsey Gushing . . .

1810 Eliza Robbins ....

1812 Abigail Frothingham

1816 Sophia Webber . . .

1817 Helen Lincoln (acting) .

1818 Mary Tillinghast . . .
1822 Susan Waterman (acting)
1822 Ann Heaney ....
1824 Susan Waterman . . .
1830 Elizabeth C Norton . .
1836 Caroline E. LeBaron
1839 Mary H. Lincoln . . .

1843 Mary L. Gardner . . .

1844 Hannan B. Ripley . .

Miss Tarr, six months 1851.

1815 Helen Lincoln .

1822 Susan Waterman .

1823 Charlotte H. Green

1824 Susan Waterman .
1824 Elizabeth C. Norton

1796
1804
1810
1811
1816
1817

1822

1824
1830
1836
1839
1843
1844
1852

1852 Mary E. Kendall . . .

Mary Young, three months 1853

1855 Harriet A. Green .

1857 Sarah R. Pearson .

1859 Mary Stearns . .

1860 Lydia C. Dodge .

1865 Sarah A. Brown .

1866 Elizabeth Andrews
1872 Elizabeth Osgood .
1875 Mary S. Cleveland
1881 Esther R. Whiton

1887 Lucy M. Adams .

1888 N. Jennie Fuller .
1891 Bertha I. Barker .

1855

1857
1859
1860
1865
1866
1872
1875
1880
1887
1888
1891

Assistants.

1830
1833
1835
1839
1844

Elizabeth L. Waterman
Mary R. Whiton . .
Sophia K. Marshall .
Adeline Whiton .
Mary L. Gardner . .

Primary Dejiartment.

1882 M. Nellie Nye .... 1885
1885 Caroline R. Leverett . 1886

1886 Irene I. Lincoln
1891 Mary Cutler .

1833
1835
1838
1843
1847

1891

142

History of Hingham.

DERBY LECTURE.

The annual " Lecture " has
clergymen : —

been delivered by the following

1791 Rev. Daniel Shute, D.D.

1792 " Henry Ware.

1793 " Jacob Norton.

1794 " Simeon Howard, D.D.

1795 " Gad Hitchcock, D.D.

1796 " David Barnes.

1797 " Jeremy Belknap, D.D.

1798 " Thaddeus M. Harris.

1799 " John Allyn.
1S00 " Joseph Thaxter.

1801 " John Andrews.

1802 " Henry Lincoln.

1803 " Nicholas Bowes Whitney.

1804 " John Thornton Kirkland

D.D.

1805 " Peter Whitney.

1806 " Jacob Flint.

1807 " Edward Richmond.

1808 " Perez Lincoln.

1809 " William Shaw.

1810 " Henry Colman.

1811 " Zephaniah Willis.

1812 " Peter Eaton.

1813 " Nicholas Bowes Whitney.

1814 " James Kendall.

1815 " Eliphalet Porter, D.D.

1816 " James Freeman, D.D.

1817 " John Pierce.

1818 Prof. Andrews Norton.

1819 Rev. Daniel Kimball.

1820 " Henry Ware, Jr.

1821 " Samuel Deane, D.D.

1822 " Joseph Tuckerman.

1823 " Charles Brooks.

1824 " Henry Ware, D.D.

1825 " James Bowers.

1826 " Nathaniel L. Frothingham.

1827 " James Walker.

1828 " Convers Francis.

1829 " Francis W. P. Greenwood.

1830 " Morill Allen.

1831 " John Brazer.

1832 " Orville Dewey.
1S33 " John G. Palfrey.

1834 " Samuel J. May.

1835 " Calvin Lincoln.
1S36 " Joseph Allen.

1837 " Edmund Quincy Sewall.

1838 " George Putnam.

1839 " Harrison Gray Otis Phipps.

1840 " Thomas B. Fox.

1841 " William P. Lunt.

1842

t i

1843

4 4

1844

ii

1845

((

184(1

(<

1S47

44

1848

Cl

1849

4 4

1850

ct

1851

((

1852

44

1853

«(

1854

((

1855

it

1856

((

1857

<(

1858

44

1859

44

1860

4 4

1861

(C

1862

41

1863

44

1864

44

1865

44

1866

44

1867

44

186S

44

1869

It

1870

44

1871

44

1872

44

1S73

44

1874

44

1875

44

1876

44

1877

4 4

1878

44

1879

44

1880

44

1881

44

1882

4 4

1883

44

1884

44

1885

44

1886

44

1887

44

1888

44

1889

44

1890

44

1891

44

1892

4 4

Oliver Stearns.
Edward B. Hall.
George W. Briggs.
Joseph Osgood.
Caleb Stetson.
William II. Furness.
John L. Russell.
Ezra S. Gannett, D.D.
Barnas Sears, D.D.
Andrew P. Peabody.
Theodore Parker.
Samuel Johnson.
James Freeman Clarke.
E. Porter Dyer.
Frederick D. Huntington,
D.D.

Cyrus A. Bartol.
Stephen G. Bulfinch.
Frederick H. Hedge, D.D.
John H. Morrison, D.D.
Jonathan Tilson
Nathaniel Hall.
Chandler Bobbins, D.D.
Daniel Bowen.
William P. Tilden.
Joshua Young.
Joseph B. Marvin.
Henry W. Jones.
Rufus Ellis.
John D. Wells.
Edward E. Hale.
John Snyder.
Henry W. Foote.
Edmund B. Willson.
William G. Todd.
William L. Chaffin.
Henry A. Miles, D.D.
Edward A. Horton.
Allen G. Jennings.
Frederick Frothingham.
Howard N. Brown.
William I. Nichols.
Edmund Q. S. Osgood.
H. Price Collier
George M. Bodge.
Alexander T. Bowser.
Christopher R. Eliot.
Brooke Harford.
Charles F. Dole.
Henry F. Jenks.
Hosea H. Lincoln.
Austin S. Garver.

Education. 143

PRIVATE SCHOOLS.

Any enumeration of the private schools in Hingham would be
very imperfect, since they have been subjects only of incidental
record or personal recollection.

Among the buildings of the town, however, well known and
often spoken of, was Willard Academy. This was upon Main
Street, between the Old Meeting-house and the present dwelling-
house of Mr. Henry Siders. It was built in 1831 by an associa-
tion of thirteen gentlemen for the special purpose of providing
accommodations for the private school kept by Rev. Samuel Wil-
lard, D. D., and Mr. Luther B. Lincoln. The building may be
seen at the left of one of the engravings of the Old Meeting-house
drawn by Mr. William Hudson. According to the records of the
proprietors, it seems to have been occupied for private schools
some six or seven years, after which it was occupied for mechan-
ical and mercantile purposes. The records of the proprietors end
in 1841. The Hingham Patriot gives the following account of the
burning of the building : —

"Last Monday evening [Jan. 18, 1847], at 10 o'clock p. m., Willard
Hall was burned. It was owned by J. Baker & Sons and Capt. Barnabas
Lincoln, and was occupied, in the lower story as a box factory, planing,
sawing, and turning steam-mill, by Capt. Job S. Whiton, and in the upper
as a weaving-room connected with the establishment of Baker & Sons.
The building in the rear, owned and occupied by J. Baker & Sons, used
to twist their long cords in, was also consumed. The houses of Mr.
Siders and Mr. Marsh were in great danger, also the Old Meeting-house."

Some of the persons who kept schools in this building were
Messrs. Willard and Lincoln, Mr. Claudius Bradford, Miss Har-
riet Topliff, Misses Martha Ann and Mary H. Lincoln, and Miss
Deborah H. Wilder.

The building originally built for an engine house on South Street,
a few rods west of Thaxter's Bridge, was occupied for some thirty
years, beginning about 1851, for a private school, and the number
of children who began their education there is very large. The
ladies who taught there or in the immediate vicinity successfully
and successively were Lucy P. Scarborough, M. Adelaide Price,
Adeline Whiton, and Elizabeth D. Bronsdon.

Among others who have kept private schools in Hingham may
be mentioned as worthy of notice, Mrs. Butler, from about 1797 to
1800 ; Misses Elizabeth and Margaret dishing, for many years in
the early part of this century, their school being a boarding-school
of considerable renown, for young ladies from out of town ; Mr.
Winslow Turner, about 1827 to 1828 ; Miss Sophia Cushing about
1830 and later ; and in more recent years, Miss Mabel Hobart, in
the north part of the town ; Miss Mary W. Bates at Hingham
Centre ; and Mrs. J. W. Dukes of the " Keble School."

144 History of Hingham.

Many others are equally worthy of notice, but the writer is
unable to gather anything more than scattered and fragmentary
accounts of them, and they must live in the memories and tradi-
tions of the town only.

The influence of these private schools must not be underesti-
mated. They have played an important part in the early educa-
tion of our children, and it is a matter of regret that no perfect
record of them can be handed down.

LIBRARIES.

Benjamin Franklin says that the Philadelphia Library Com-
pany, which he was largely instrumental in founding in 1730, was
the " mother of all the North American subscription libraries.
These libraries have improved the general conversation of the
Americans, made the common tradesmen and farmers as intelli-
gent as most gentlemen from other countries, and perhaps have
contributed in some degree to the stand so generally made
throughout the colonies in defence of their privileges."

Aside from the college libraries and those connected with in-
stitutions of learning and instruction, the chief means of literary
culture open to our people in Massachusetts a hundred or more
years ago were a social library at Salem, one at Leominster, two
at Hingham, and one at Andover.

The object of these social or association libraries was to procure
for each member the advantage of a number of books such as only
the owners of large private libraries could enjoy.

The establishment of free public libraries has in many towns
diminished the need for the social libraries, and Hingham is no
exception to the prevailing tendency of recent years, when " many
social libraries which had sometimes been flourishing, but more
frequently had languished, were merged into the new, more per-
manent town libraries, where private benevolence co-operated
with town legislation to make a substantial basis for these popular
institutions."

Among the earliest of the social libraries in Massachusetts
were two in Hingham.

The First Social Library was formed in 1771, and was located
at Hingham Centre. It continued in operation until the opening
of the Hingham Public Library in 1869. The proprietors then
gave their collection of books to the Public Library, and most of
them, together with the records, were burned in the fire of
Jan. 3, 1879.

The Second Social Library was formed in 1773. According to
the first page of its records, which are presumed to be from its
foundation, it was established " for the Promotion of Knowledge,
Religion, and Virtue, — the three grand Ornaments of human

Education.

145

Nature." It continued in operation until 1891, when the pro-
prietors gave their books to the Hingham Public Library.

Both of these libraries were small as compared with collections
of the present day, but the books were well selected for the pur-
poses of miscellaneous reading rather than for reference.

Other small libraries have existed in town from time to time,
such as masonic, circulating, agricultural, and Sunday School
libraries, and all have served to elevate the tone of Society and
disseminate information. They have been valuable aids to the
general education of the community through many generations.

THE HINGHAM PUBLIC LIBRARY.

Destroyed by fire, Jan. 3, 1879.

But valuable as these early and smaller libraries were in their
day and generation, the founding of the Hingham Public Library
presents itself to our notice as a more important and permanent
benefit to the town. Its history has been told in two printed
pamphlets and there is little need of extended remarks upon its
usefulness beyond a record of the facts herewith presented.

At the annual town-meeting held March 7, 1870, the follow-
ing communication was presented to the town by order of the
Trustees : —

To the Inhabitants of Hingham, in Town Meeting assembled:

The Trustees of the Hingham Public Library avail themselves of the
first annual meeting for the transaction of business relating to Town

VOL. I. — 10*

146 History of Hingham.

affairs held since the establishment of the Library, to make an official
statement of its history for the information of the Town.

In pursuance of a design long entertained by Hon. Albert Fearing of
establishing a Free Library for the use of the inhabitants of his native
town, he purchased, in 18G8, two adjoining lots of land situated on Main
street, which were deemed by him eligible for a suitable location for the
Library, and caused to be erected thereon a beautiful and commodious
edifice for its reception, and conveniently furnished for the purposes of
such an institution. He also made provision for opening the Library to
the public as soon as practicable, paying the salary of the Librarian to
March 1, 1870, and providing a fund for its maintenance of five thousand
dollars. The aggregate of expenditures by Mr. Fearing, for the purposes
before mentioned, exceed the sum of twenty-one thousand dollars.

On the Fourth (Fifth) of July, 1869, the building for the Library was
publicly dedicated to the objects of its erection by an eloquent address
delivered by Hon. Thomas Russell, and other appropriate ceremonies,
with strong demonstrations of public interest.

On the same day, a deed of the property was delivered by Mr. Fearing
to Trustees selected by him to carry out his designs. The following were
the Trustees then selected, viz. : Calvin Lincoln, Solomon Lincoln, Ezra
Stephenson, Fearing Burr, Jonathan Tilson, Henry W. Jones, Quincy
Bicknell, George Hersey, Junior. Elijah Shute, Amasa Whiting, William
Fearing 2d, Arthur Lincoln, and Lincoln Fearing, all of Hingham, and
David Whiton and Thomas T. Bouve, of Boston.

The persons thus selected, it will be seen, are located in different sec-
tions of the town, and represent various callings in the community.

The deed is in trust, for the purpose of carrying into effect the designs
of the founder of the Library, as set forth in indentures which accom-
panied it, and which were duly executed by the parties thereto, and by
which the several persons named as Trustees accepted the trust.

The Deed and Indentures are laid before the town herewith for in-
formation. Authentic copies of both instruments will be lodged with the
Town Clerk as soon as they are printed.

Books for the Library were contributed by the proprietors of other
social libraries, associations, institutions, and individuals, including the
founder. The Library now contains upwards of four thousand volumes
of books in the various departments of science, history, art, and literature,
with many works for consultation and reference, which are regarded as of
great value to the community. Since the Library was opened, it has
been enriched by numerous and valuable donations of books and works of
art. The Smithsonian Institution has honored us by the gift of the entire
series of their publications for the Library. And we have the assurance
of other donations of books from persons, not residents of the Town, but
who take a deep interest in its welfare.

It is a subject of congratulation that the value of the Library has been
justly appreciated by the citizens who have availed themselves of its
privileges. Hundreds have taken tickets for books, from all sections of
the town, even from the most extreme parts. The exact number of
tickets taken during the eight months for which the Library has been
opened, has been six hundred and seventy, and the number of volumes
taken from the Library during the same period, has been nine thousand
five hundred.

The Trustees respectfully submit this brief history of the Library from

Education. 147

its origin for the information of the inhabitants, and that a proper record
may be made of this noble benefaction, and such other action be had
thereon as the Town may think appropriate upon a transaction which
constitutes so interesting a feature in its history.

All which is respectfully submitted, by order of the Trustees,

Solomon Lincoln,

President.
Hingham, March 7, 1870.

Upon the presentation of the foregoing paper, the following
resolutions were adopted : —

Whereas a communication has this day been received by the inhab-
itants of the Town of Hingham, in town-meeting assembled, from the
Trustees of the Public Library, founded by the Honorable Albert
Fearing for the use and benefit of the inhabitants of said town, therefore,

Resolved, That in this munificent gift, the inhabitants of the Town of
Hingham recognize another instance of the repeated acts of liberality of
Mr. Fearing to contribute of his means for the improvement and benefit
of the community in which he was born, and where his earlier years
were spent, and where in his advanced life he has again taken up his
residence, bringing the labors of an industrious and successful life to share
the cares and burdens of our civil community with his fellow-townsmen ;
and in accepting this gift we gratefully tender our thanks to Mr. Fearing
for this generous benefaction to his fellow-citizens, cherishing the belief
that this is but the commencement of an institution which will confer in-
calculable advantages, not only upon the present but upon all future
generations.

Resolved, That the communication of the Trustees be entered on the
records of the Town, and that a copy of these resolutions be sent to Mr.
Fearing and the Trustees.

a

The following communication was also presented to the town
at the same meetin<j; : —

o

To the Inhabitants of Hingham, in Town Meeting assembled:

The Trustees of the Hingham Public Library respectfully represent
that in order to give to the citizens of the Town the greatest advantages
of the Library, and to maintain it in full efficiency according to the design
of its founder, an appropriation of five hundred dollars would be eminently
useful, and indispensable in order to make its advantages as available as
the highest interests of the community require.

The facts connected with the history of the Library have been laid
before the Town and the Trustees beg leave to refer to them as evidence
of the character and objects of the institution. The Trustees therefore
ask the Town to make such an appropriation for the maintenance and
support of the Public Library as may increase its efficiency and
usefulness.

By order of the Trustees,

Solomon Lincoln,

President.

Hixgham, March 7, 1870.

148 History of Hingham.

At said meeting, after the foregoing communication had been
read, it was voted that the sum of five hundred dollars be granted
to the Trustees for the purposes set forth in their communication.

A similar appropriation of five hundred dollars was made by
the town in 1871.

DEED

From the Hon. Albert Fearing to the Trustees of the Hingham
Public Library, of the land and building.

Know all Men by these Presents, that I. Albert Fearing, of

Hingham. in the County of Plymouth, and Commonwealth of Massa-
chusetts, Merchant,

In consideration of one dollar and other good and valuable consider-
ations to me paid by Calvin Lincoln. Solomon Lincoln, Ezra Stephenson,
Fearing Burr, Jonathan Tilson, Henry W. Jones, Quincy Bicknell,
George Hersey, Junior, Elijah Shute, Amasa Whiting, William FeariDg
2d, Arthur Lincoln, and Lincoln Fearing, all of said Hingham, and David
Whiton and Thomas T. Bouve, both of Boston, in the County of Suffolk
and Commonwealth aforesaid, Trustees under an Indenture made by
and between the parties hereto and of even date herewith, the receipt
whereof is hereby acknowledged, do hereby convey, remise, release and
forever quit claim unto the said Calvin Lincoln, Solomon Lincoln, Ezra
Stephenson, Fearing Burr, Jonathan Tilson, Henry W. Jones, Quincy
Bicknell, George Hersey, Junior, Elijah Shute, Amasa Whiting, William
Fearing 2d, Arthur Linccln, Lincoln Fearing, David Whiton, and Thomas
T. Bouve, Trustees as aforesaid, the following described real estate
situated on Main street, in said Hingham, and bounded and described as
follows, viz. : —

Beginning at a point on the Easterly side of Main Street, bearing North
nine degrees West from the North-Westerly corner of the underpinning of
the dwelling-house of Abner L. Leavitt, and distant therefrom two rods
twenty-one and one-fourth links, thence from said point running North-
erly on Main Street seven rods sixteen and a half liuks, then turning
and running Easterly on the highway one rod and three links, then turn-
ing and running on Middle Street seven rods four links and a half to
a way forty feet wide, then turning and running Westerly on said way
four rods and eight links to the point of departure on Main Street,
with the Building thereon ; the premises being the same which were con-
veyed to the said Albert Fearing in two parts, viz. : one part thereof by
John Leavitt, by deed dated June 2, 1868, and recorded in the Plymouth
Registry of Deeds, Book 352, page 84, and the other part thereof by Ab-
ner L. Leavitt, by deed dated July 18, 1868, and recorded as aforesaid,
Book 352, pages 84 and 85.

To have and to hold the above released premises, with all the privi-
leges and appurtenances to the same belonging, to the said Calvin Lin-
coln, Solomon Lincoln, Ezra Stephenson, Fearing Burr, Jonathan Tilson,
Henry W. Jones, Quincy Bicknell, George Hersey, Junior, Elijah Shute,
Amasa Whiting, William Fearing, 2d, Arthur Lincoln, and Lincoln Fear-
ing, David Whiton, and Thomas T. Bouve, and the survivors and the sur-
vivor of them, and the heirs and assigns of such survivor, but to the uses
and upon the trusts as in said Indenture is set forth.

V.

/' 6- ''

; /

'<//////

Education. 149

And I, the said Albert Fearing, for myself and my heirs, executors, and
administrators, do covenant with the said Calvin Lincoln, Solomon Lincoln,
Ezra Stephenson, Fearing Burr, Jonathan Tilson, Henry W. Jones, Quincy
Bicknell, George Hersey, Junior, Elijah Shute, Amasa Whiting, William
Fearin°\ 2d, Arthur Lincoln, Lincoln Fearing, David Whiton and Thomas
T. Bouve, their heirs and assigns that the premises are free from all in-
cumbrances made or suffered by me, and that I will, and my heirs, execu-
tors, and administrators shall warrant and defend the same to the said
Calvin Lincoln, Solomon Lincoln, Ezra Stephenson, Fearing Burr, Jona-
than Tilson, Henry W. Jones, Quincy Bicknell, George Hersey, Junior,
Elijah Shute, Amasa Whiting, William Fearing, 2d, Arthur Lincoln, Lin-
coln Fearing, David Whiton, and Thomas T. Bouve, their heirs and as-
signs forever, against the lawful claims and demands of all persons claiming
by, through, or under me, but against none other.

In witness whereof, I, the said Albert Fearing and Catharine C.
Fearing, wife of said Albert Fearing, who joins in this deed in token of
her release of all right and title of or to both dower and homestead in
the granted premises, have hereunto set our hands and seals this fifteenth
day of June, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and
sixty-nine.

Albert Fearing, [l.s.]

Catharine C. Fearing, [l.s.]

Signed, sealed, and delivered

in presence of

Jennie Donegie,

Annie Donegie.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Plymouth ss. June loth, 1869.

Then personally appeared the above named Albert Fearing, and ac-
knowledged the foregoing instrument to be his free act and deed,

Before me,

Charles W. Seymour,

Justice of the Peace.

INDENTURE

Between the Hon. Albert Fearing and the Trustees of the
Library, setting forth the terms and conditions of the Trust.

This Indenture, in two parts, made this fifteenth day of June, in the
year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, by and be-
tween Albert Fearing, of Hingham, in the County of Plymouth, and
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Merchant, of the first part, and Calvin
Lincoln, Solomon Lincoln, Ezra Stepnenson, Fearing Burr, Jonathan
Tilson, Henry W. Jones, Quincy Bicknell, George Hersey, Junior, Elijah
Shute, Amasa Whiting, William Fearing, 2d, Arthur Lincoln, and Lin-
coln Fearing, all of said Hingham, and David Whiton and Thomas T.
Bouve, both of Boston, in the County of Suffolk, and Commonwealth
aforesaid, of the second part,

Witnesseth, That whereas the said Albert Fearing is desirous of found-
ing a Library for the use of the inhabitants of the said Town of Hingham,

150 History of Hinghcvm.

to be called the Hingham Public Library, and has requested the persons,
parties of the second part, to act as Trustees thereof, and has by his deed
of even date herewith conveyed to them certain land situated in said Hing-
ham, with the building which he has caused to be erected thereon, and has
also transferred and paid over to them five six per cent first mortgage
bonds of the Union Pacific Railroad Company, of one thousand dollars
each, interest and principal payable in gold* ($5,000) to have and to hold
to them and their successors to and for the following uses and pur-
poses, viz. : —

First. To collect the income of said personal estate and also of the
real estate if any part of the same is leased or occupied so as to produce
any income, and after paying the necessary expenses, to apply said income
as hereinafter provided.

Second. To apply the income aforesaid to the repair and preservation
of the Library Building, to the enlargement and rebuilding of the same, if
deemed necessary by the Trustees, to the care of the grounds about the
same, to the payment of premiums of insurance on said Building, Library,
and Furniture therein, to the purchase of furniture for the same and repairs
thereof, to the purchase of such books, maps, charts, pamphlets, periodi-
cals, and other jmblications as the trustees may think proper for the
Library, and to any other expenditures which they may deem a proper
charge upon the fund.

Third. The said Trustees shall have full power to make by-laws for
their own government, and also such Rules and Regulations for the use,
management, preservation, and increase of the Library as they may deem
suitable, and to change the same from time to time, also to appoint a Libra-
rian and such other officers and agents as they may think best.

Fourth. Upon the death or resignation of any one of the Trustees, a
majority of the surviving Trustees shall elect some suitable 2">erson to fill
the vacancy, and the person so elected shall be a Trustee with all the
powers of trustees hereinbefore named. If, however, upon the death or
resignation of any Trustee, a majority of the surviving Trustees shall vote
that it is inexpedient to fill such vacancy, they may omit to do so, but
may at any time afterwards reconsider such vote and fill such vacancy ;
provided, however, that in no case shall the number of Trustees be less
than ten nor more than fifteen.

Fifth. The said Trustees may, at any time they see fit, and if they
deem it expedient, apply to the legislature for an act of incorporation and
may transfer to said corporation the real and personal estate of which the
fund may then consist, including the Library and Furniture. The Trus-
tees shall be under no obligation to apply for such an act, and neither the
Trustees nor such corporation, if established, shall sell the said real estate,
nor purchase nor erect a building elsewhere, unless the same becomes ab-
solutely necessary in the judgment of and by a formal vote of not less than
three-fourths of the whole number of Trustees.

Sixth. It shall be the duty of the Trustees to keep the funds committed
to them safely invested, and they shall have the power to change the in-
vestments thereof from time to time as they may deem expedient.

Now, in consideration of the premises, the said persons, parties of the
second part, hereby siguify and declare their acceptance of the real and

* On the delivery of the deed and indenture. Mr. Fearing paid to the Trustees Five
Thousand Dollars in cash, which was accepted in lieu of the Bonds before mentioned.

Education.

151

personal estate aforesaid, including the Library and Furniture, and do
hereby engage to hold and manage the same upon the trusts and for the
uses hereinbefore mentioned.

In witness whereof, the parties hereto have hereunto set our hands
and seals interchangeably the day and year first above written.

Signed, sealed, and delivered \

in presence of ■

Henry Siders. )

[Stamp, cancelled.]

[L.S.]

Albert Fearing
Calvin Lincoln.

Solojion Lincoln. "

Ezra Stephenson. "

Fearing Burr. "

Jonathan Tilson. "

Henry W. Jones. "

QUINCY BlCKNELL. "

George Hersey, Jr. "

Elijah Shute. "

Amasa Whiting. "
William Fearing, 2d. "

Arthur Lincoln. "

Lincoln Fearing. "

Davtd Whiton. "
Thos. T. Bouve.

GIFT OF $10,000.

At a special meeting of the Trustees, held May 10, 1871, a com-
munication was received from Hon. Albert Fearing, announcing a
Gift, in addition to his previous donations, of the sum of Ten
Thousand Dollars, to be added to the Trust Funds of the Library,
for the purpose of enlarging its usefulness, and upon the terms
set forth in his communication, which was as follows : —

HINGHAM public library.

Whereas, I Albert Fearing, of Hingham, in the County of Plymouth,
and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, by my deed, dated the fifteenth day
of June, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, conveyed
certain land and the building thereon, situated in said Hingham, and more
particularly described in said deed, to Calvin Lincoln and others, Trustees
therein named, for the purposes of a Library for the Inhabitants of said
Hingham, to be called the Hingham Public Library ; and whereas, I, the
said Albert Fearing, paid to said Trustees the sum of Five Thousand Dol-
lars in money, in addition to the gift of land and building, for the uses,
support and maintenance of said Library, according to the provisions of
Indentures between the said Fearing and Calvin Lincoln and others, Trus-
tees therein named, which Indentures bear even date with said deed and
are to be construed in connection therewith ; and now being desirous of
increasing the means of said Trustees for enlarging the usefulness of said
Library, I have this day paid to William Fearing, 2d, Treasurer of said
Trustees, the sum of Ten Thousand Dollars, to be by them used and applied
for the same purposes to which, by the Indentures aforesaid, my original

152 History of Hingham.

trift of the sum of Five Thousand Dollars was required to be used and ap-
plied by them, and also upon these further requests and considerations.

The town of Hingham having granted the sum of Five Hundred Dollars
for two successive years for the maintenance and support of the Library,
and the Inhabitants of said town having, in town meeting assembled, ex-
pressed by formal vote their approval of the objects which I had in view
in the establishment of a Library for their use, I request as follows : —

First. That the Trustees in filling any future vacancy or vacancies in
the Board of Trustees, shall, at their discretion, select for such vacancy or
vacancies whenever they determine to fill the same, according to the pro-
visions of the Indentures aforesaid, the person or persons who may at the
time of filling the said vacancy or vacancies, be Town Clerk or Town
Treasurer of Hingham, if either or both of them are not at the time mem-
bers of the Board of Trustees.

Second. I also request the Trustees to permit as an act of courtesy and
good neighborhood, the Inhabitants of the adjoining towns of Hull, Co-
hasset, Scituate, South Scituate, Abington, and Weymouth, to visit the
Library for the purposes of reference, reading, study, and consultation of
the books therein, in conformity to the rules and regulations of the Trus-
tees. I make this request with the hope that the value of Public Libra-
ries may be better known and appreciated, and especially that their useful
influence may be extended to all those towns with which the inhabitants
of Hingham have the most friendly associations.

Third. I request the Trustees by a formal vote to act upon the accept-
ance of this additional gift and the trust hereby created.

Dated at Hingham, this eighth day of May, 1871.

Albert Fearing.
Executed in presence of

Chas. L. Riddle,
Chas. H. Fletcher.

Upon the reading of the foregoing communication, it was

Voted, That the Trustees accept with gratitude the munificent gift of
the sum of Ten Thousand Dollars by Hon. Albert Fearing, to be added
to their funds for the purposes and upon the conditions set forth in his
communication ; and that it will be their desire and intention so to admin-
ister the affairs of the Library as to conform to his wishes, and to promote
the highest interests of the community for whose benefit this noble bene-
faction was conferred.

Voted, That the Secretary be directed to communicate a copy of the
foregoing vote to Hon. Mr. Fearing, and to express the grateful acknowl-
edgments of the Trustees for his numerous and large donations and ex-
penditures to establish and improve the Library, which in the aggregate
exceed the sum of Thirty-one Thousand Dollars.

In addition to his previous gifts, Mr. Fearing made further pro-
vision for the uses of the Library, at his death in 1875, by a
legacy in his will of $10,000, making the entire amount of his
expenditures and donations exceed the sum of $41,000.

Education. 153

dommonincaltf) of ilHassacfjusetts.
In the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.

AN ACT

TO INCORPORATE THE HINGHAM PUBLIC LIBRARY.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in General
Court assembled, and by the authority of the same , as follows :

Section 1. Calvin Lincoln, Solomon Lincoln, Ezra Stephen-
son, Fearing Burr, Jonathan Tilson, Quincy Bicknell, George
Hersey, William Fearing, 2d, Elijah Shute, Amasa Whiting,
David Whiton, Arthur Lincoln, Thomas S. [T.] Bouve, Albert
Fearing, Lincoln Fearing, their associates and successors, are hereby
made a corporation by the name of the Hingham Public Library, for the
purpose of maintaining a public library in Hingham ; with all the powers
and privileges, and subject to all the duties, restrictions and liabilities set
forth in all general laws which now are or hereafter may be in force
applicable to such corporations.

Sect. 2. Said corporation may hold real and personal estate for the
purposes aforesaid to an amount not exceeding one hundred and fifty
thousand dollars, exclusive of books, papers, collections in natural history,
and works of art.

Sect. 3. The members of said corporation shall not be less than ten or
more than fifteen in number, and all vacancies occurring therein may be
filled at such times and in such manner as the corporation may determine.

Sect. 4. Said corporation may receive and hold for the purposes
aforesaid, any grants, donations, or bequests, under such conditions and
rules as may be prescribed in such grants, donations, or bequests ; provided,
the same are not inconsistent with the provisions of law.

Sect. 5. Said corporation shall have power to adopt proper regulations
for the use and management of the Library, and so long as it shall allow
the inhabitants of Hingham free access to and use of its library, said town
may annually appropriate and pay to said corporation money to aid in
supporting the same.

Sect. 6. This act shall take effect upon its passage.

From the purchase of books through the gift of Mr. Fearing,
and from donations by other public-spirited citizens several thou-
sand volumes were collected together. The building and its con-
tents, including the early records of the Trustees, were totally
destroyed by fire January 3, 1879. The present more commodious
building was immediately erected upon the same site, and opened
to the public April 5, 1880. Its shelves are well filled with stand-
ard literature, books of reference, and popular works.

Among other valuable donations to the library, since the erec-
tion of the new building, may be mentioned one of one thousand

154

History of Hingham.

dollars for the purchase of books, by Ebed L. Ripley, E. Waters
Burr, John R. Brewer, and Charles B. Barnes ; the fitting and
furnishing of an art gallery by the late Amasa Whiting ; a miner-
alogical collection, consisting of a general collection of minerals

■?&

JBSm

JM:y w\li-- ■■ry~?^

S;lv ^ =j^^=^ ^L.^=^>^==l±IS^.||iMW>, '|

THE NEW PUBLIC LIBRARY, HINGHAM.

of the world, a geological collection, embracing specimens of all
the rocks of Hingham, and a paleontological collection, all by
Thomas T. Bouve".

The present number of volumes is about 7,000.

The architect of the first Public Library building was Nathaniel
J. Bradlee, and of the second, Carl Fehmer. Both buildings were
built by Justin Ripley.

TRUSTEES.

Calvin Lincoln.*
Solomon Lincoln.*
Ezra Stephenson.*
Fearing Burr.
Jonathan Tilson.*
Henry W. Jones.*

QUINCY BlCKNELL.

George Hersey, Jr.*
Elijah Shute.
Amasa Whiting.*
William Fearing, 2d.
Arthur Lincoln.
Lincoln Fearing.

David Whiton.*
Thomas T. Bouve.
Albert Fearing.*
Austin S. Garver.*
Hawkes Fearing.
John D. Long.
E. Waters Burr.
Edward C. Hood.*
Ebed L. Ripley.
J. Winthrop Spooner.
Jacob 0. Sanborn.
Frederic M. Hersey.
Henry W. Gushing.

1869 Henry Siders

* Deceased or resigned.

LIBRARIANS.

. 1874 1S75 Daniel Wing
1875 Hawkes Fearing.

1875

MANUFACTURES AND COMMERCE.

BY GEORGE LINCOLN.

The first notice of the establishment of a corn-mill in Hingham
is in 1643, when on June 12 of that year Anthony Eames, Samuel
Ward, and Bozoan Allen had leave from the town to set up a corn-
mill near the cove. In November, 1645, Gowan Wilson was re-
moved from the office of miller. There are on record numerous
•conveyances of mill sites and privileges near the cove, the dates of
which extend from the early days of the settlement of the town to
recent years. The present mill at the Cove, operated by Ben-
jamin Andrews, represents the location of one of these mills ; the
other stood nearly in the rear of the blacksmith's shop now occu-
pied by Daniel Hickey, on North Street, near the Mill Pond.

Mills were undoubtedly erected at Strait's Pond soon after 1679,
when on the 17th of May of that year permission was " granted to
certain petitioners, inhabitants of Hull, and others of Hingham, as
may see fit to join them, to erect a Dam and Mill at the Straits
Pond." From 1700 to 1725 there were many transfers of owner-
ship among the dishing families in Hingham of " the Grist Mill
and Saw Mill, with the upland, meadow, and housing thereunto
belonging, lying partly in Hingham and partly in Hull." These
mills passed through various ownerships, and tradition says that
the grist-mill at Strait's Pond was in operation until it was de-
stroyed by fire about 1800, and that the mill house, which stood
at the corner of Jerusalem Road and Hull Street, was removed
soon after the fire, and became the westerly end of the old Lincoln
House on Jerusalem Road.

There was formerly a small mill for grinding corn on the stream
above Cushing's Bridge, which had a history dating back before the
Revolution, and covering a period of some sixty years or more. It
was erected by Captains Stephen and Peter Cushing, and at the
close of its career was owned by the late Deacon Ned Cushing,
the youngest son of Captain Peter. It was for many years in
charge of Daniel Burrell, a well-known "miller" and resident of
this locality. The last person employed at this mill was the late
Cornelius Lincoln, Sr., who died in 1883 at the age of ninety-
three years. It was demolished prior to 1820.

156 History of Hingham.

Thomas Andrews and Joshua Bate were the proprietors of a
saw-mill in the second precinct of the town (Cohasset), probably
at or near Gannett's Corner. The tax lists for the year 1737
show that Thomas Andrews and Joshua Bate were each taxed for
one half a saw-mill, and Aaron Pratt was afterwards the proprietor
of one half a saw-mill in this locality. In 1737 Isaac Lincoln was
taxed for one half a corn-mill at Cohasset, and in 1754 Isaac Lin-
coln and his brother Jacob were taxed as the owners of this mill.
Twenty-five years previously it was taxed to Mordecai Lincoln,
the father of Isaac and Jacob.

There was a saw-mill at Saw-mill Pond (now known as Trip-
hammer Pond) at the commencement of the last century. The
exact date of its erection, however, is uncertain ; but as Matthew
Cushing, the original proprietor, who was born 1605 and died 1715,
was the owner of a large estate, I conclude that the mill was estab-
lished shortly before 1700. Boards, clapboards, and shingles were
prepared here for market from trees grown in the vicinity, and
the property was improved for the same or similar purposes, and
in the same locality, for many years. Jacob dishing, the oldest son
of Matthew, came next into possession, and in the town rates for
1737 he is taxed for "1 sawmill, £0-00-00." His son Jacob and
grandson Jacob were probably the successive owners or part own-
ers of this mill, which was destroyed by fire about the year 1823.
A new mill was afterwards erected on the same spot, probably by
Benjamin Thomas, Sr., for the manufacture of ship-chandlery work,
including windlasses, etc. Reuben Thomas and Moses Jones car-
ried on the business, and to facilitate production a trip-hammer was
purchased for the mill ; hence the present name of " Trip-hammer
Pond," from which source the power for this industry was ac-
quired. The mill building has since been sold and removed. It
is now a farm building on Union Street.

The mill at Shingle-mill Pond (next above Trip-hammer Pond)
was probably erected by Isaac Cushing at or about 1800. It is
recorded in Suffolk Deeds, vol. cxcii., p. 253, that, Oct. 8, 1799,
Charles Cushing sold to his brother Isaac his privilege in the old
mill stream, etc. Charles and Isaac were sons of Jacob and grand-
sons of Matthew, previously mentioned as the early proprietor of
the mill at Saw-mill Pond. John Leavitt, who married Isaac Cush-
ing's daughter Sally, afterwards occupied the older part of this
mill as a grist-mill ; but at the time box-making was a prominent
industry here, the work at the mill was principally sawing shingles,
box-bottoms, and headings for hoop-boxes. More recently, John
and Thomas Leavitt, sons of John, manufactured ships' pumps
and other articles of marine merchandise. Thomas J. Leavitt,
the present occupant of the old mill, is still engaged in the pur-
suits followed by his father and grandfather.

A saw-mill, formerly known as the Stockbridge Mill, on or near
Union Street, is still in working order near the boundary line be-
tween Himrham and Norwell.

Manufactures and Commerce. 157

Capt. John Jacob was the owner of a saw-mill and a fulling-mill
on Crooked Meadow River, South Hingham, at a very early period
of our history. At his decease, in 1693, his sons Peter and Sam-
uel came into possession ; but another change of ownership took
place shortly after, owing to the decease of Samuel in 1695. Capt.
Theophilus dishing followed the Jacobs as proprietor of the saw-
mill, and afterwards added to his purchase by erecting a grist-mill
on his ten-acre lot at what is now Cushing's Pond. His tax on
the saw-mill in 1737 was £10 ; in 1752 it was for a saw-mill £2,
for a grist-mill £10. These mills at Cushing's Pond continued in
the ownership of the last-named family until about 1850, and
were owned successively by Captain Theophilus, Brigadier-General
Theophilus, and Colonel Washington Cushing. Robert D. Gardner
was the last person permanently employed here as " miller."

Early in the last century Capt. Abel Cushing was the owner
of a fulling-mill and other buildings connected therewith for the
fulling and dyeing of cloth at " Fulling-mill Pond," on South
Pleasant Street. He was an older brother of Capt. Theophilus
Cushing, previously mentioned as the proprietor of a saw-mill
and grist-mill. Abel served an apprenticeship with Peter Jacob,
the clothier and fuller, and subsequently married his daugh-
ter Mary, so that the mill business at the south part of the
town was, for a while, virtually controlled by the members of
one family. Abel died in 1750, and was succeeded by his son
Abel, who, however, survived his father but a few years. In 1764
Benjamin Lincoln, Jr., as guardian of Hannah, daughter of the
late Abel Cushing, made a transfer of her portion of this property.
May 23, 1778, Hannah Cushing, widow, conveyed to Colonel David
Cushing her interest in the fulling-mill and pond, with half an
acre of land. Among the later transfers are the following :
Oct. 7, 1785, David Cushing, of Hingham, "gentleman," conveys
to " my son David Cushing, Jr., clothier, my clothiers shop and
all the tools thereunto belonging, with the Fulling Mill and pond
and Dam, with all the land it flows round or over when it is full
of water, and the brook below running from the said mill. Also
the fulling mill standing at Beechwood River so called, with the
whole stream through my land, and a privilege to pass to and
from said mill over my land with teams." In 1792, David Cush-
ing, Jr., makes a conveyance of his mills to his brother Hosea
Cushing.

Laban Cushing, a son of Hosea, was the last owner and occu-
pant of the one prominent building left of this mill property to
carry on the business for which it was originally intended. It
finally became a factory for the manufacture of shoe-pegs, and
was destroyed by fire March 7, 1845.

Iron works were established in Hingham at an early date, as
the following abstracts of agreements show : —

158 History of Hingham.

May 27, 1703. Agreement by Thomas Andrews, Daniel Lin-
coln, Aaron Pratt, Gershom Ewell, Mordecai Lincoln, Josiah Litch-
field, Jr., and Thomas James, reciting that they had entered into
an agreement to set up a forge or iron works upon a stream in
Thomas Andrews's lot in the third division in Conahasset ; and,
sensible that they shall have occasion to make use of some of his
land, do appoint Captain Chitenton and Lieutenant Briggs, both
of Scituate, and Samuel Thaxter, of Hingham, to award the dif-
ference in value of said Andrews's land that the referees have
viewed upon the day of the date hereof, being Gershom Ewell's
and Daniel Lincoln's land lying adjoining said Andrews's on the
southeast side of the said stream or river, called " Ganits River,"
in the third division, etc. There were also iron works on the
stream above Pratt's mill in Cohasset.

Jan. 13, 1703-4. Agreement reciting that Thomas Andrews*
Daniel Lincoln, Thomas James, Aaron Pratt, all of Hingham, and
Mordecai Lincoln, Gershom Ewell, and Josiah Litchfield, Jr., of
Scituate, have a piece of land in common amongst them in the
third division upon which they have erected a dam across a stream
in the same ; also iron works and other buildings, also a dwell-
ing-house on a piece of land Mordecai Lincoln aforesaid gave to
the owners of said works, to be held in joint tenancv for twentv
years, to do what the major part of the said owners of the prop-
erty shall think fit, etc. The iron works here referred to appear
to have been taxed in Hingham for a number of years after the
dates previously given.

In December, 1828, the building at Thomas's Pond, in Weir
River, containing the furnace for the casting of iron ware, be-
longing to Benjamin Thomas, was consumed by fire. The build-
ing was nearly new, having been built but a few years (after
1824), and the loss was a serious one to the owner as well as to
the town. Another and much larger building was erected in the
same locality soon after by Mr. Thomas, and the business was
greatly increased.

The Hingham Malleable Iron Company erected a brick building
on the foundry lot, near the pond, about 1840; and during the
few years of its existence as a corporation, its projectors held an
interest in the foundry plant. Among its officers connected with
Hingham were Albert Fearing, Benjamin Thomas, Luther Stephen-
son, Charles Howard, and Reuben Thomas ; Asa H. Holden was
its superintendent. The malleable iron business did not prove to
be a success, and the foundry again came into the sole control of
Mr. Thomas. He was succeeded by his sons Reuben and David.
After the decease of the latter, in 1869, there were several impor-
tant changes in the management within a few years. William
Thomas was the next person to carry on the business. He soon
admitted Col. Thomas Weston into a partnership, and they were
succeeded by the firm of Weston & Walker. This connection was

Manufactures and Commerce. 159

of short duration, and Colonel Weston continued as sole proprietor
until the second fire occurred on this spot, which was on the morn-
ing of Sept. 8, 1876, when the large foundry building, with the
carpenter's shop and pattern-shop, were all destroyed. Colonel
Weston afterwards erected another large building upon the same
spot, 95 feet by 45, with an annex 25 feet square, which on May 16,
1888, met the fate of its predecessors. It was occupied at the
time by J. E. Sherry & Co. for the purpose of scouring and cleans-
ing wool, and with its valuable contents of stock and machinery
was totally destroyed. The business was then giving employment
to about twenty-five men.

On Friday evening, Feb. 20, 1846, the Eagle Iron Foundry,
situated on Summer Street, at the harbor, was entirely consumed
by fire with its contents, consisting of the steam-engine, castings,
moulds, patterns, tools, etc. The loss was estimated at about
$6,000, which was partly covered by insurance. The foundry was
owned and occupied by Asa H. Holden & Co., — Charles Howard,
Sr., James and Luther Stephenson, with Mr. Holden constituting
the firm, — and was erected in the autumn and spring of 1844—45.
By this occurrence from twenty to thirty hands were thrown out
of employment.

The enterprising proprietors immediately commenced the work
of rebuilding the foundry, which is the present structure.

Since February, 1853, the foundry building, pattern shop, smith
shop, and sheds have been owned by Charles Howard, who for
many years made castings for furnaces, window-weights, caboose-
stoves, etc. Owing to competition in the business, and to unsatis-
factory prices, the buildings have been closed, and the manufacture
discontinued for several years.

Joseph Jacobs commenced the manufacture of hammers in the
rear of his residence on Main Street, South Hingham, about the
year 1836, the work being then done principally by hand. During
the year following, however, horse-power was introduced, both to
facilitate production and to improve the manufacture by the pro-
cess of grinding and polishing. Some eight or ten years later
(about 1846), a steam engine was purchased to take the place of
horse-power, and the business was extended so as to include the
manufacture of hatchets and other edge-tools. In 1850 the busi-
ness had increased to such an extent that it was found necessary
to procure a larger engine, and to employ from twenty-five to
thirty hands. The manufactured goods, which at first were sold
only in Boston and New York, soon found a ready market in all
the principal cities of the United States, and also in Australia and
South America.

In 1860 Joseph Jacobs, Jr., became a partner with his father,
and the works were removed to Wilder's mill at Cushing's Pond,
where additional facilities and power were furnished. Mr. Jacobs,
the founder of the industry in Hingham, retired in 1875, and the
business was continued by his two sons, Joseph, Jr., and Freder-

160 History of Hingham.

ick S., under the firm name of Joseph Jacobs' Sons. Upon the
withdrawal of Joseph, Jr., from the firm in 1878, his younger
brother, Frederick S., assumed the control of the business as man-
ager and proprietor until 1883, when he sold the entire plant to
the Underbill Edge Tool Company of Nashua, N. 11., and the
business was removed from Hingham.

Charles Whiting manufactured axes and hatchets at Accord
Pond for a number of years, commencing about 1845, giving
steady employment to eight or ten hands. The product of
his factory was sold principally in Boston. His successor was
Amasa Whiting, who afterwards sold out to John Hart and John
Scully. The hatchet factory at Accord Pond was destroyed by
fire in January, 1870.

The establishment of a copper and brass foundry in Hingham
was among the possibilities of the year 1827. The industry was
commenced on North Street, near the harbor, during the summer
of that year, with Moses Pattingall as superintendent, who an-
nounced through the columns of the " Hingham Gazette," that he
would furnish " rudder-braces, hinges, spikes, and all kinds of
ship-work of the best quality and upon the most reasonable terms."
Owing to insufficient patronage the project was soon abandoned.

Nails were manufactured several years in Hingham near the
Weymouth line, on Fort Hill Street, by the Weymouth Iron
Company. For the year ending June 1,1855, the product was
240,000 'lbs., the value of which' was 810,000. The machines in
use gave employment to eight hands. In July, 1868, the water
privilege, land, and buildings, including a blacksmith's-shop in
Hingham, near the Weymouth line, were advertised for sale.

Wrought spikes were made in a building previously occupied as
a cooper's-shop, at the head of Long Wharf, by William Thomas,
before 1850, and for a few years afterwards.

Guns or fowling-pieces were manufactured by Benjamin Thomas,
Jr., at his shop on Leavitt, near Main Street. The number manu-
factured during the year ending April 1, 1845, was fifty.

Scales and balances were manufactured on Main Street, Hing-
ham Centre, by Stephenson, Howard, & Davis, and afterwards by
L. Stephenson & Co. They manufactured the " Dearborn Patent
Balance," well and favorably known throughout the country,
especially in the cotton districts. The business continued for
many years, Henry Stephenson being the last of the family, so
long identified with it, to manage it. After the death of Mr.
Stephenson, in 1887, George A. Loring carried on the business for
a short time. The shop stood nearly opposite the Public Library.

Shortly after the close of the Revolution, Gen. Benjamin Lin-
coln and his son Theodore established a Hour and grain mill at
Weir River. Wheat and corn were ground here, then put into
barrels and shipped in vessels to Boston and other markets. The
mill was located at or near what is now the westerly terminus of

Manufactures and Commerce. 161

Weir Street. Connected with it was a cooper's-shop, a smith's-
shop and other buildings. Upon the removal of Theodore Lin-
coln to the State of Maine, Martin Lincoln, another son of the
general, accepted the vacant position, and the firm name of Ben-
jamin Lincoln & Son was continued. The head miller employed
by the firm for a number of years was Isaac Smith. Some idea
of the nature of the business carried on at this establishment
may be gained by an entry copied from the day book of Messrs.
Leavitt & Rice, merchants of Hingham, as follows: "1785. Benj.
Lincoln & Son Cr. by 128 bbls. Flour, and 4 bbls. Naval Stores." '
After the death of General Lincoln in 1810, the main building
was converted into a woollen factory, and in 1812 a company was
formed, with David Andrews, Jr., as agent. James Hall was em-
ployed to superintend the manufacture. At the annual meeting
of the proprietors, held April 20, 1813, Ebenezer Gay, Martin Lin-
coln, Thomas Thaxter, 3d, Henry Sigourney, and John Souther
were chosen directors. The business was continued under the
same management until April, 1816, after which Henry Hapgood
became the proprietor and manager. Improved machinery was
introduced for tbe manfacture of cassimeres and satinets ; a dye-
house was established, and there was a ready sale for the goods
in Boston and New York. Mr. Hall remained as superintendent
of the mill, and the business was said to be prosperous. On Satur-
day night, May 16, 1829, the woollen factory, dwelling-house, and
outbuildings of Henry Hapgood at Weir River were destroyed by
fire. It was the most destructive tire in Hina;ham for manv vears.

The manufacture of upholstery trimmings, cords, tassels, etc.,
was begun in Hingham in 1836 at the corner of North and Main
streets (now Thayer's Building) by John Baker and Barnabas
Lincoln. Nov. 13, 1841, Abner L. Baker was admitted a member of
the firm, which continued under the name of Baker, Lincoln. & Co.
until 1846, when Captain Lincoln withdrew. Other changes of
membersbip in the firm and location of the business took place
prior to or soon after the date last mentioned. Willard Hall,
which was owned by J. Baker & Son and Capt. Barnabas Lincoln,
was destroyed by fire Jan. 17, 1847, as also was the long building
in the rear, which was used for making cord. The second story of
Willard Hall was occupied by the Bakers for their weaving rooms.
These buildings were soon replaced by two others, one being
erected in the same lot, and the other on the opposite side of the
street. E. Waters Burr of Hingham and Benj. F. Brown of Bos-
ton became partners in the firm, January 1, 1853.

On Oct. 1, 1855, the firm of J. Baker & Son, consisting of John
Baker, James L. Baker, John 0. Baker, E. Waters Burr, and
Benj. F. Brown, was dissolved by mutual consent. A copartner-
ship was then formed by James L. Baker, E. Waters Burr, Benj.
F. Brown, and Edwin Fearing, " under the style of Burr, Brown,
& Co., for the purpose of manufacturing upholstery, carriage and

VOL. I. — 11*

162 History of Hingham.

military trimmings, and to carry on the same business as pursued
by the late firm of J. Baker & Son."

Messrs. Baker and Fearing have since deceased, and John 0.
Remington has become a member of the firm. The firm name re-
mains the same. The spacious structure which the firm now
occupy on Cottage Street was erected in 18G5, and was dedicated
Jan. 15, 1866.

The establishment of this industry in Hingham has been a pub-
lic benefit from its inception. Its continuance through more than
half a century lias given steady employment to a host of opera-
tives, and many deserving families have been assisted thereby.
It would have been well for the town if other manufacturing inter-
ests in times past had been as firmly established as the one here
referred to.

A manufactory of silk and worsted fringes, gimps, cords, tassels,
etc. was commenced about 1846 in the Welcome Lincoln Building,
lately David Cain's, on South Street, by the new firm of Lincoln,
Bampton & Co., which, upon the retirement of Mr. Bampton was
succeeded, May 31, 1847, by Lincoln, Leavitt, <fe Mayhew. After
the dissolution of this copartnership, the firms which followed
were Lincoln & Leavitt, and Lincoln, Wilder, & Co. Shortly after
the death of Capt. Barnabas Lincoln, May 13, 1850, the business
was removed to Cazneau's Building, and on Dec. 6, 1850, the re-
maining members of the firm of Lincoln, Wilder, & Co. dissolved
their copartnership. Farrar & Company, of Boston, were the next
proprietors. They sold out to J. Sprague & Co.. who were located
on the original site of the industry at the corner of North and Main
streets. Their successors were Leach & Xesmith. The business
was afterwards disposed of to Messrs. Burr, Brown, <v Co., and the
industry, which at first looked so promising as an activity for the
west part of the town, entered into the history of the past.

R. & W. Bampton were manufacturers of silk fringes and ladies1
dress-trimmings in the Thaxter (now Thayer) Building at the
corner of North and Main streets in 1857. As a firm, they re-
mained in Hingham but a short time.

Sewing-silk was manufactured at Hingham Centre in 1843, and
perhaps later, by Lincoln Jacob. It was spun from cocoons which
Mr. Jacob raised. His plantation of mulberry trees from which
the worms were fed, was on the northerly side of Main near Pleas-
ant Street, and the silk which he produced was said to be fully
equal to the imported article. Owing to the uncertainty of the
mulberry tree in this locality, and the limited encouragement
which the industry received, the project here as well as elsewhere
throughout New Eno.la.nd was abandoned.

A manufactory of woollen and knit goods was commenced in
December, 1868, by Washington Brown and Frederick Long, in the
building owned by George Bassett, which had formerly been one
of the factory buildings of J. Baker & Son, and afterwards of

Manufactures and Commerce. 163

Burr, Brown, & Co. on the southerly side of Main Street. This
copartnership, under the firm name of Frederick Long; & Co., con-
tinued until March 22, 1870, when Mr. Brown withdrew. Mr.
Long subsequently carried on the business here until his new fac-
tory building- on Elm Street was completed, which was in the
spring of 1873. Feb. 9, 1874, the business was organized as the
Hingham Manufacturing Co., with David Whiton as its president,
and Andrew C. dishing as treasurer. This company had but a
brief existence. Dec. 30, 1875, the factory building belonging to
the " Hingliam Woollen Co." on Elm Street, occupied by Frederick
Long, Avas sold at auction to Whittemore, Cabot, & Co., of Boston.
The purchasing firm dealt largely in wool and knit-wool goods, so
that the product of the Hingliam factory, which they carried on
for a while, was in their line of business. A few years later, how-
ever, the building was again closed. Subsequently Charles E.
Stevens bought the factory and rented it to Henry C. Lahee, and
afterwards to Lahee & Eacly. They adopted the name of " South
Shore Mills," introduced new machinery, and manufactured cardi-
gan jackets, leggins, and underwear. This firm gave up business
in 1888, and the machinery was sold.

The factory remained vacant again until August, 1891. At
that time the Shawmut Manufacturing Company, manufacturers
of leatherette, moved its machinery to Hingham, and established
its works in this building. This company had been for fifteen
years in business at Turner's Falls, Mass., before moving to Hing-
ham. It continues here at the present time (T893).

For more than two centuries after Hingliam was first settled,
the products of its various coopering industries were widely known
and extensively used. As a local specialty the business in its
different departments gave employment to a larger number of per-
sons than did any other mechanical pursuit in the town. The
ware was usually collected by our local traders and shipped by
them, in the small vessels belonging here, to Boston, or other dis-
tributing points along the seaboard, even as far south sometimes
as the West India Islands. Not infrequently the small trader or
producer made an occasional land trip to Boston with a load of
ware, especially in the winter season, when his stock was accu-
mulating too rapidly. It was frequently disposed of, however,
along the road in exchange for corn, flour, and other staple com-
modities which were salable at home. In fact, the " Hingham
Bucket " was a necessity throughout New England. So also were
the large and small tubs, the hoop and nest boxes, the dumb-
bettys, wash-tubs, keelers, piggins, etc. It was not until about
1840 that these were sold in unbroken lots at the wholesale stores
in Boston. Previously, for nearly forty years, purchases at whole-
sale as well as at retail were made from on board the Hingham
Station Packets at Long Wharf, and this in a great measure su-
perseded the earlier plan of shipment. To give a full account of

164 History of Hingham.

this industry, of those who were engaged in it, and of the many
little workshops once so plentifully scattered through the towm
would fill a volume.

Among the persons early engaged in this pursuit, were Thomas
Lincoln the "Cooper" and his grandson John, Cornelius Cantle-
bury, Edward Gold, " pail-maker," Josiah Leavitt and his son
Josiah, John Leavitt, " set-work cooper," and his son John.
John Smith, Samuel Tower, Jacob Stodder, Matthew Whiton, and
his son Isaac, Abraham Leavitt, Elisha Burr, Isaiah Stodder, "pail-
maker."

With the exception of barrel coopers, who are noticed under the
head of Fisheries, some of the larger manufacturers of this ware
since 1830 have been Crocker Wilder, Sr., on Friend near Main
Street ; C. & A. Wilder, also at South Hingham, who made the lirst
pails with brass hoops and a brass bail (probably about 18-34) : and
C. Wilder tfc Son and Anthony J. Sprague at Cushing's Pond.
Peter Hobart and Jacob Hersey were copartners and manufac-
turers of buckets and boxes for many years on Main near Hersey
Street. Elijah Whiton manufactured buckets for a few years at
the entrance of Hersey, near Hobart Street. His factory was
destroyed by fire Oct. 23, 1855. Edmund Hersey commenced the
manufacture of boxes on Hersey Street in 1850, by hand. Steam
was afterwards introduced, and from machinery of his own in-
vention he has prepared and sent to market a million and a half
of strawberry, salt, and fig boxes in a single year. Mr. Hersey
was succeeded by Seymour <fc Cain. Cotton Hersey was a manu-
facturer of wooden toy ware on Hersey Street, and Samuel Hersey
now follows this pursuit on the same street. William S. Tower
carries on quite an extensive business in the manufacture of
wooden toy ware at his factory near Cushing's Pond. Nelson
Corthell also manufactures tubs, pails, etc., on Hersey Street.

The coopering industry, however, as a local pursuit in Hing-
ham, seems to be rapidly declining in importance from year to
year, and the prospect of its future continuance is far from prom-
ising. What it has been in the past is shown by the following:
Value of all wooden ware manufactured in Hingham for the year
ending April 1, 1837, $30,000 ; number of hands employed eighty.
For the year ending April 1, 1845, value .125.066: employed, eighty-
four. For the year ending June 1, 1855. value $35,100; em-
ployed, sixty-five.

Until the present century, the conveniences which are now en-
joyed in the department of housekeeping, known as cabinet ware,
were quite limited. Most families in comfortable circumstances,
however, had their hand-made chairs, tables, bureaus, chests of
drawers, etc., of hard wood, which in many instances are still held
as heirlooms by their descendants. These were manufactured by
the local cabinet or chair makers who made a specialty of this
kind of worlc. Thcv were skilfully wrought, and not infrequently

Manufactures and Commerce. 165

of elaborate design. Among the persons who followed this pur-
suit in Hingham before the introduction of modern machinery,
were Caleb Andrews, Jacob Beal, John Beal, Elisha Cushing and
his son Theodore, Jerom Cushing, Ned Cushing, Abner Hersey,
Caleb Hobart, Seth Kingman, Caleb Lincoln, Lot Lincoln, Peter
Lincoln, Jared Jernegan, Joshua Thayer, and probably others.

After- improved methods and power were introduced, and the
furniture dealers of Boston became wholesale purchasers, enabling
them to supply distant markets, the demand for a greater pro-
duction increased, and several manufactories were established
here. The best known of these were carried on by Caleb Hobart,
Jr. and his son Seth L. Hobart, on South Street, West Hingham ;
Nchemiah Ripley, Jr., afterwards N. Ripley, Jr., & Co., on South
Street near Thaxter's Bridge, and later on Fountain Square ;
Mead & Vose, at the corner of North and Main Streets ; Ripley &
Newhall, near Hobart's Bridge ; Abner L. Leavitt, at Hingham
Centre ; Samuel Bronsdon, at Hobart's Bridge ; George Studley,
Josiah L. Gould, and Augustus L. Hudson.

In 1837, Hingham had three manufactories of chairs and cabinet
ware. In 1845 there were four, and in 1855 but two. The latter,
however, gave employment to thirty-four persons. Manufacturing
in this line, to any extent, is now among the past industries of the
town.

Doors, blinds, and sashes were manufactured for more than
thirty years at the sawing, turning, and mortising mill of Benja-
min Parker on South Street, near Thaxter's Bridge. Mr. Par-
ker's sons Benjamin and Rufus L. succeeded to the business, which
was quite a successful industry before their removal from town.
The mill was supplied with steam power, and from six to eight
hands were employed.

The business of planing, sawing, and turning was carried on for
a while in the building formerly known as the Willard Academy
on Main Street near the Old Meeting-house, by Walton V. Mead,
bv Jesse Churchill, and afterwards by Job S. Whiton. This was
between 1843 and 1847.

Thomas J. Leavitt has also followed this pursuit for many years
at Shingle-mill Pond.

•&*

Carriages and chaises were imported from the mother country
before the Revolution, and but little was done here in the way of
manufacturing in this line of business, until a more recent period,
except, perhaps, in the making of horse and ox carts, sleighs, and
sleds. In 1 749 there were three residents of the town who owned
vehicles called chairs. They were Capt. Ebenezer Beal, Dr.
Ezekiel Hersey, and Major Samuel Thaxter. Two chaises were
also owned at the same time, probably with square tops and
wooden springs ; one by Col. Benjamin Lincoln, the other by
Dr. Hersey. There is a tradition which says Rev. Henry Colman
owned the first four-wheel wagon in Hingham, which he after-

166 History of H Ingham.

wards sold to Hawkes Fearing ; and that Mr. Fearing subse-
quently bought another, which was the second four-wheel wagon
in the town.

Wheelwrights, however, are known to have pursued their voca-
tion here soon after the first settlement in 1635 ; and among those
who followed this early industry were Matthew Cushing and his
nephew Matthew Cushing, John Low, Andrew Lane, and Stephen
Stodder of the second precinct. Then came Jacob Leavitt and
his son Ezra Leavitt; Bela Cushing at South Hingham ; and later
still, Charles Howard. Carriage-makers frequently do the work
of wheelwrights, and are included among the following : C. & L.
Hunt, William Sprague, Bela IT. Whiton, Dcmerick Marble,
George A. Tower, James A. Robertson, Our & Stodder.

For the year ending April 1, 1845, there were in Hingham three
establishments for the manufacture of carriages ; hands employed,
seven. In 1855 there was but one; hands employed, four.

It was not until the present century that any considerable
amount of business was carried on here in the manufacture of
leather, or in any of its dependent branches. Tanning and cur-
rying as an individual industry to supply the demand of the local
cordwainer, was generally done in connection with some other
pursuit. It was necessarily confined to the number of hides and
skins which the near-by farmer or butcher could supply ; and not
until a comparatively recent date were these imported, or steam
and improved machinery introduced. Among those who have car-
ried on tanning and currvinc in Hiinrham were George Bramhall
and his son Joshua, John Leavitt,1 Solomon Cushing, his son Jo-
seph, and grandson Joseph., John Wheelwright, Thomas Hersey,
his son Laban, and grandson Laban, David Hobart and his son
David, Job Loring, his sons Job and Elpalet, and grandson Alfred,2
John and Abel Fearing, " over the river," Seth Lincoln, Nehemiah
Cushing,3 Laban Stodder, and perhaps others.

Henry Thaxter was known in early life as a "leather dresser/'
His tan vats were on the easterly side of the town brook, near
Broad Bridere. He also was a copartner with Abner Lorimr. Thev
Avere manufacturers of leather breeches, which were extensively
worn here before the present century. Silas H. Sherman was for
several years, and until quite recently, a manufacturer of shoe stock
on Gardner Street ; so also was William Cooper, on French Street.

Currying, as a specialty, was carried on by Benjamin King,
Jerom Leavitt, and Daniel Sprague, in the Middle Ward ; also for

1 Hingham valuations for the year 1754 show that " 18 acres of land by Leavitt's
Tan Yard " were taxed by the assessors.

- The last and by far the most extensive of these establishments was that of Alfred
Loring, on Main Street, South Hingham. Here all the modern improvements for
hastening production were in use, and the industry in its different departments, in-
cluding currying, gave employment to about twenty men.

3 Nehemiah Cushing's tannery was located over Liberty Pole Hill. He was suc-
ceeded by Laban Stodder, who afterwards removed his business to the old Lewis
place on Main Street, near Tower's Bridge.

Manufactures and Commerce. 167

several years by Robert W. Lincoln & Co., in the brick building
on West Street ; and by Douglas Easton, in the store formerly oc-
cupied by Capt. Seth S. Hersey, on Main Street, South Hinghara.

The manufacture of boots and shoes has never proved to be
a successful industry in Hingham. It may have been from a want
of local encouragement, or from various other causes known to
those who have had experience in the business. No citizen of the
town, however, who has its ^welfare and prosperity in view, can
regret this more than the permanent resident, whether he be a
mechanic, trader, landowner, or laborer ; for it is to the credit of
this industry that other local pursuits are benefited wherever it is
established ; that houses and lands which have diminished in value
return to their former or increased rates ; and that to the rising
generation it offers greater opportunities for employment. It also
stimulates to new growth and activity in every community where
it is permanently located.

There have been many enterprising residents of the town since
its settlement in 1635 wbo were known in olden times as " cord-
wainers." Their names, with their occupation given in most in-
stances, appear in Volumes II. and III. of this history.

Of those who were manufacturers for Boston, New York, and
more distant markets, the first firm in the North Ward was Hudson
& Humphrey, located on South Street, West Hingham. They were
in the business about seventeen years, but were obliged to yield
to the pressure of the hard times in 1837, and the year following
their factory and store was closed. Mr. Hudson afterwards fol-
lowed the pursuit for a while in the same locality. Other persons
and firms whose manufactories were at West Hingham were L. &
W. D. Stodder, Brant & Lincoln, James S. Lincoln, Martin Wilder,
Melzar and Martin Stodder, Robert Clark, E. P. Tirrell, George
Adams, and Mead & Whiton. Whiton & Bullard and Alfred Hill
& Co. were in the building next north of the Universalist Church.
John A. Hollis was also a manufacturer of boots in this locality.
George A. Wolfe was in the business for several years on Lincoln
Street. Gardner & Abbott were manufacturers of ladies' and chil-
dren's boots and shoes at No. 7 Central Row, Broad Bridge (near
the corner of Main and South streets). After this copartnership
was dissolved, Mr. Abbott continued the pursuit in the same build-
ing in connection with other business.

At Hingham Centre, William 0. Nash, of Weymouth, and Wil-
liam Whiton, of Hingham, commenced manufacturing boots and
shoes on Main Street, in 1841, under the firm name of Whiton &
Nash, which continued until 1848, when Mr. Whiton withdrew,
and a new firm consisting of Mr. Nash and Joseph H. French was
formed, under the style of Nash, French, & Co. In 1854 the busi-
ness was sold to George H. French, who carried on the manufac-
ture until his decease in 1869. Others who were in the same
business at the Centre were George H. Pratt, Wight '& Sprague,
Sprague, Dayton, & Co., Hutchings & Cloudman from 1861 to 1870,

168 History of Hingham.

followed by M. C. Cloudraan, who afterwards sold out to Peter N.
Sprague. John M. May hew manufactured boots and shoes for a
while on Hersey Street.

In the South Ward there were engaged in this industry as man-
ufacturers, Hersey & Lane, Hersev & dishing, Caleb Hersev, at

Queen Ann's Corner; Aaron Swan, Solomon Gardner, Belcher,

on Gardner Street; Whitcomb & Bates, who were on Friend, near
Main Street, ten years. They were succeeded by Whitman, Whit-
comb, & Co. Edmund French also carried on the business to
some extent in connection with other pursuits.

Among those who have been engaged in the manufacture of
saddlery, harnesses, and trunks in Hingham were Thomas Loring
and his grandson Thomas, both of whom were known as saddlers.
They were located where now stands Agricultural Hall, at the
corner of East and Leavitt streets. Joshua Loring, son of the
last-named Thomas, was a harness maker; and Zenas Loring, a
son of Joshua, was best known as a saddler, although he probably
followed to some extent the special vocation of his father. Joshua
Sprague, who lived on Main Street, nearly opposite the spot where
stands the Public Library, was a chaise and harness maker. Josiah
Siders was a manufacturer of trunks in the North Ward ; he also
repaired harnesses and other leather goods. David A. Hersey
made a specialty of the manufacture of harnesses at his shop on
Main Street. Hingham Centre, following the pursuit for more than
sixty years. William D. Stoddor carried on this industry on Fort
Hill Street, as did Isaiah G. Tower, and Reuben Tower, Jr., near
Hobart's Bridge.

At the present time (1893) Henry Cushing, on Main Street,
near Pear Tree Hill, and James Nelson, on Water Street, near
the harbor, are the only practical manufacturers and repairers of
saddlery and harnesses in town.

According to the statistics of Massachusetts for the year ending
June 1, 1855, there were tanneries in Hingham, 2 ; hides tanned,
10,100 ; value, $47,000. Currying establishments, 3 : value of
leather curried, $86,000 ; hands employed, 19. Boots made, 300
pairs; shoes made, 69,317 pairs; value of boots and shoes made,
$95,480 ; males employed, 205 ; females, 31. Manufacturers of
saddles, harnesses, and trunks, 4 ; hands employed, 7.

Hingham records furnish but little conccrnimr the earlv history
of ship building ; but from this source, from old diaries and pri-
vate account-books, the following is gathered : —

Thomas Turner probably built vessels on land granted him by
the town in 1637, at Goose Point, on the westerly side of the
harbor. He removed to Boston about ten years after, where, in
1650, he completed a contract for building a " barke."

William Pitt had liberty to build ships here as early as 1675.

The selectmen of the town under date of May 3, 1680, voted to
allow Joshua Hobart, of Hingham, mariner, an abatement on his

Manufactures and Commerce. 169

tax, " out of ye 4 single Country rates as his part, to be repaid him
for the rating of his Shippe."

Jn 1693, Joseph Blaney was granted permission to build a vessel
or two near the mill at the cove. That he accepted the grant
is shown by the following : —

Sept. 7, 169G. Ephraim Marsh of Hingham conveys to Ephraim Lin-
coln of Hingham, for £30- a j part of my sloop Tryall of Hingham,
lately built by Joseph Blaney, together with \ of her mast, boom, boltsprit,
sailes, Riggin, cables, Ankors, counoo taikling and Apparrell, and all other
Appurtinances whatsoeuer to the sd quarter part Belonging, etc.

Witnesses : (signed) Ephraim Marsh

Samuel Eells.
John Beale.

Ebenezcr Orton, whose death by drowning on the 7th of August,
1694, is mentioned on the records of the town, had that morning
signed a contract at Boston for building a "barque" in Hingham.

June 7, 1708, " A committee was .chosen by the Town to ap-
point a place where Joseph Souter may build a vessel at Ship
Cove, in Conahasset," which was then the Second Precinct of
Hingham.

James Stetson and James Hall were also early shipwrights of
the Second Precinct.

John Langlee and his son John were early engaged in this
business near the mill at the harbor, in connection with other
pursuits.

During the middle and latter part of the last century, Capt.
Francis Barker, and, afterwards, his son Capt. Francis, built ves-
sels at the foot of Ship Street. Capt. Francis, last named, was
succeeded by John Souther, whose sons, John and Leavitt, also
built square-rigged vessels as well as schooners and sloops in this
locality. Following the Soutbers in succession at this yard were
Curtis & Barstow, Barnes & Litchfield, William Hall, who subse-
quently removed to the easterly side of the harbor, and George
Bassett, who was the last occupant of this yard and built his last
vessel, the schooner " Northern Light," here.

Early in the last century Jeremiah Stodder was a master ship-
wright. He was located on Weir River, at Canterbury's Island,
and also on the bend of the river, near what is now Rockland
Street. He was succeeded by his son Jeremiah. James, another
member of the family, was established in the same business at Co-
hasset, when it was known as the Second Precinct of Hingham.
On Nov. 10, 1859, A. Hodgman & Co. launched the ship " Solfe-
rino " from their yard near the Wheelock place, at Weir River.
She was of 775 tons burden, and the largest ship ever launched
here.

Otis Lincoln built vessels at Broad Cove prior to 1800. His
workshop was on " Crow Point Lane," now Lincoln Street.

Capt. Joseph Bassett established a shipyard at what is now

170 History of Hingham.

Bassett's Wharf, on " Cove Street," soon after the Revolution.
His launching ways were attached to the wharf, or slip, and when
all was ready the vessel was pulled off by two lines, and dropped
into the water. Captain Bassett was succeeded by his son Daniel.

From 1832 to 1836 inclusive, there was a shipyard on the west-
erly side of the cove, within a short distance from the spot where
Hon. John D. Long resides. It was occupied by Charles Keen for
about two years, and afterwards by Barnes & Jenkins. Before
commencing work at this place, Keen had built the schooners
" Henry Clay" and u Banner" at Davis's, near Commercial Wharf,
on Summer Street. Lawler, of Chelsea, also built a clipper yacht
at Davis's, which was launched May 1, 1853. She was afterwards
known as the " Olata."

William Hall, previously mentioned, carried on a large business
at shipbuilding on the easterly side of the harbor, about midway
between Barnes's Rocks and the present steamboat landing. The
" Waldron," built by Mr. Hall in 1844, was the largest ship ever
launched in Hingham harbor.

The early settlers of Hingham were principally farmers and
mechanics. Their former homes in Norfolk County, England,
were more than thirty miles from the sea, and in the midst of an
agricultural community. Upon their arrival in the Massachusetts
Bay, there were but eleven places that preceded the one which
was to be their new home. These were all within a comparatively
short distance from Boston ; hence the settlement at Bare Cove
was not on account of its nearness to the fishing grounds, but
rather from its easy approach by water to the port of entry and
large market place, Boston.

For more than a century after the town was incorporated, fish-
ing, except around the islands and inlets lying between Hingham
and Hull, or from the more venturesome haunts which skirt the
rocky coast from Nantasket to the Glades, was, in most instances,
a pastime rather than a permanent occupation. This is shown
by wills and conveyances as well as by our local records.

At the expiration of a century, which usually covers about
three generations, Hingham valuations give the tonnage of ves-
sels and the names of their owners, as follows : —

1737 : Ye burden of sundry vessels, viz. — Tons.

John Stephens1 24

Canterbury Stodder 18

Rodger nichols 15

Thos Humphry 80

David Bate 7

Nathaniel nichols 4

Jeremiah Stodder, Junr., one 16

another 12

1 Should probably read " Stephenson."

\

■

Manufactures and Commerce. 171

John Chubbuck, Junr. 6

John Stovvel 15

Samuel Thaxter, Esqur- 18

Joseph Lewis 12

Elisha Beal 09

William Humphrey 09

The ratable estate of Hingham, taken by Act of the General
Court, March 28, 1749, gives the following : —

" Tons of vessels engaged in foreign trade, 240 ; otherwise, 116
tons of decked vessels, 107 tons of open-decked vessels."

It will be seen by the foregoing that the amount of tonnage en-
gaged in foreign trade had increased in a greater ratio than did
that of the smaller or fishing craft, and this comparative difference
continued for some years.

According to old account-books, it was seldom that any one
dealer in town recorded the sale of more than five or ten barrels
of mackerel in a season before the middle of the last century.

After Capt. Francis Barker came to Hingham (about 1750) and
established a shipyard at the foot of Ship Street, the fishing busi-
ness began to assume some importance. In 1753 Hezekiah Leavitt
built a warehouse near the shipyard for the convenience of his
lumber, shipping, and fishing business. Deacon Solomon dishing-
also owned another warehouse, and tradition says that Major
Samuel Thaxter soon after erected another at or near his wharf
at Broad Cove. March 16, 1752, a fishing company was formed,
consisting of Capt. John Thaxter, Dr. Ezekiel Hersey, Elisha
Leavitt, Capt. Francis Barker, and Deacon Solomon dishing.
The " shallop " and " dog's body " were to some extent soon su-
perseded by larger craft, and the business probably gave satisfac-
tory returns until it was brought to a close by the war of the
Revolution. In 1768 there were 30 vessels owned in the Second
Precinct (Cohasset), aggregating 305 tons; the smallest of these
was 4 tons, and the largest 35 tons burden.

When peace was restored the fishing industry was again revived.
At this period, the firm of Leavitt & Rice appear as large owners
of vessels engaged in the cod, hake, and mackerel fisheries.
Among their fleet of new schooners built between 1783 and 1788,
were the " Betsey," " Two Friends," " Hingham," " Good Hope,"
" Atlantic," " Greyhound," " Success," and " Phoenix." Thomas
Loring owned the new schooners "Fox," "Junior," "Ranger,"
and " Sophia," also the sloop " Friendship." Other owners of
vessels from 1788 to 1812 were Peter Cushing, Jacob Leavitt, Mar-
tin Lincoln, Ezra Hudson, Joseph Lovis, Luther Lincoln, Reuben
Stoddard, John Souther, Thomas Thaxter, Wilson Whiton, Elijah
Lewis, Joseph Bassett, Jotham Lincoln, Elijah Whiton, Benjamin
Jones, Moses Whiton, Jr., Abel Lincoln, Matthew Burr & Co., and
Elijah Beal.

During the last war with England several Hingham vessels were
captured and burned ; but nearly all those which hailed from here

172 History of Hingham.

were either hauled up in the town dock or safely moored out of
the enemy's reach at Broad Cove. Owing to frequent excursion
parties from the enemy's cruisers, which lay just outside of Boston
Light, there was but little traffic between here and Boston by
water. Occasionally, however, when a favoring breeze offered,
one or two of our fast-sailing packets would accept these chances,
and they were always successful. The new sloop " Washington,"
afterwards a packet, was hauled off the ways before being com-
pleted for fear of what might happen. She was taken up Wey-
mouth Back River after dark and concealed in one of its numerous
inlets.

After the contention for " Free Trade and Sailors' Rights " with
the mother country had been satisfactorily adjusted, the fishing
business again received attention ; and from the fourteen vessels
employed here during the year 1815 the number was increased in
1830 to sixty-five. During the latter year, 45,876^- barrels of
mackerel were packed ; but in 1831, with sixty-one vessels, the
catch was 52,663^- barrels. From this time the business began
slowly to decline. The small high quarter-deck and pink stern
schooners with three sails, and carrying from eight to ten hands,
were gradually replaced by more modern-built vessels having five
or six sails, and crews of from twelve to sixteen men. This of
itself, however, had but little to do with the decline, which, it is
more than probable, resulted from the decease of those who had
for years been prominent in the business ; also from the larger
amount of capital required in comparison with former periods,
and from the greater risks and uncertainties attending the
pursuit.

In 1836, fifty vessels, aggregating 2,984 tons, took 14,436 bar-
rels of mackerel and 2,900 quintals of codfish ; 450 men were
employed. For 1841, the catch of mackerel was 7,130 barrels.
In 1844, twenty-eight vessels, aggregating 1,639 tons and em-
ploying 311 men, packed 9,341 barrels of mackerel. Thirty-four
vessels were engaged in the pursuit in 1847, landing 19,931^ bar-
rels of mackerel. For 1852, thirty-seven vessels were employed.
In 1854, twenty vessels took of mackerel 5,415 barrels, and of
codfish 1,250 quintals ; the tonnage of these vessels was 1,495,
and the number of hands employed 264. In 1858, there was a
gain in the catch, 7,920f barrels having been packed at the
harbor.

After 1814, and until the business was discontinued, the persons
and firms most prominently interested in the fisheries were, Beal
■&, Thaxter ; Lincoln & Gardner ; Thomas Loring & Son ; Ensign
Barnes; Scarlet Hudson ; Gardner <fc Sprague; JohnBassett; Ezra
Whiton; Whiton & Fearing; Moses L.Humphrey; Whittemore &
Loring ; Lincoln & Souther ; Francis G. Ford ; E. & L. J. Barnes ;
L. J. <fc I. Barnes ; Lincoln & Whiton ; Ford, Bassctt, & Nve ;
H. & J. Nye; R. & C. Lane; Ford & Thomas; Ford, Thomas^ &
Hobart; George Lincoln; Nye, Beal, & Bassett ; Marsh & May-

Manufactures and Commerce. 173

hew ; Caleb B. Marsh ; Rafus Lane, Jr. ; Peter L. Whiton ; At-
kinson Nye.

Fish-flakes for "curing" cod and hake were established at
Major's Wharf ; also nearly opposite the Hingham landing or load-
ing place, which was in the vicinity, and west of the present Steam-
boat Wharf.

There are records in Hingham which show that some of the
residents of this town were interested in the whaling business
during the last century. Very little, however, is known about the
industry here, either as to how many persons there were who fol-
lowed the pursuit, or who gave financial encouragement to it.
Two illustrations given below will throw some light upon the
subject : —

" Apr : 1738. Jno : Marble of this Place Died suddenly att Cape
Cod a Whaling-, anno iEtatis 4-V" (Record of Rev. Nchemiah
Hobart, of the Second Precinct.)

[Abstract.] "Isral" Nichols, mariner, Thomas Andrews, yeo-
man, and Elisha Leavitt, blacksmith, all of Hingham, charter " the
sloop ' Betty & Ruth,' of 50 tons burden, as she now lyes in Bos-
ton, for a Whaling Voyage on the Banks to the Southward for to
catch Whales for three or four months more or less." This agree-
ment, which was dated Feb. 17, 1743-44, permits the vessel " to
go into Cape Cod or any other harbor suitable to try out oyle
which they may gett on the voyage." The " Betty & Ruth " be-
longed to "Israel Nichols & Comp'y," — Timothy and Ebenezer
Prout, of Boston, being part owners.

Masts and spars were made in Hingham, up to 1820 and after,
by the local shipwrights, principally from trees grown in this
town, or its vicinity.

The pump and block business was also a local industry, John
Leavitt having been engaged in the pursuit at Hingham Centre
before the close of the last century. Other workers of wood,
wheelwrights, coopers, etc., had previously made this specialty
a part of their employment.

William Davis came here in 1829 and located as a manufacturer
of masts and spars as well as of pumps and blocks. His wharf and
shop were on Summer Street.

Charles Howard manufactured bait-mills at Hingham Centre.
He was succeeded by his brother, Waters Howard.

Abner L. Leavitt also manufactured ships' wheels for Boston
market on Main Street, Hingham Centre.

Barrel-coopering was carried on principally at the head of, or
near all the wharves at the cove where mackerel were landed and
packed. It was carried on with but few exceptions for the special
accommodation of those who owned or occupied the wharves.
As a pursuit, it was dependent somewhat upon the success of the
fisheries ; but from fifteen to twenty hands were usually given
steady employment in the shops during the greater part of the

174 History of Hingham.

year.1 M. L. & C. Humphrey, in addition to barrel-coopering,
were also large manufacturers of fish-kits. This industry, which
was commenced at the harbor about 1840, was afterwards removed
to Concord, N. H.

Sail-making, as an industry connected with the maritime inter-
ests of the town, has an interesting history covering a period of
more- than a century. In addition to the local demand, there
were frequent calls at the lofts to have sails made or repaired for
vessels belonging in Boston, Weymouth, Hull, and elsewhere.
Among those who have been prominently engaged in this pursuit
at the harbor, were William Lovis, Melzar Gardner, George Lin-
coln, Caleb B. Marsh, Leavitt Hobart, John M. Mayhew, Benja-
min F. Palmer, and Henry Nye.

In 1748 there were eighteen hundred superficial feet of wharf
owned in Hingham. The owners of this property were taxed in
1754 as follows: —

Hezekiah Leavitt, 1 wharf £9-00-00

Samuel Bate, of the second precinct, 1 wharf £3-00-00

Elisha Leavitt, h a wharf £3-00-00

Capt. Francis Barker, h a wharf £3-00-00

Several persons were also taxed about this time for a right in
the flats.

In 1792 Loring & Thaxter, " merchants," and Jacob Leavitt,
and the company of Andrews & Loring, " merchants," and Jotham
Lincoln, " mariner," and Beza Lincoln, " mariner," and Reuben
Stockier, Jr., " shipwright," and Elijah Waters, Jr., " gentleman,"'
enjoy in common a certain wharf at the town cove known by the
name of the new wharf, which ownership they agree among
themselves to divide. Said wharf is bounded S.E. on the road ;
N.E. on the cove ; N.W. by Jairus Leavitt's wharf partly, and
partly by the cove; S.W. on land belonging to heirs of Elisha
Leavitt.

Down to 1850 the wharves in Hingham, other than those pre-
viously mentioned, were known as Major's,2 Souther's,2 Long,2
Nye's,2 Bassett's, Humphrey's, Union (or Barnes's), Central,
Packet, Mill (or Town), Jackson, Commercial, Davis's, Foundry,
Lane's, and Hersey's ; also the steamboat piers at Barnes's Rocks ; 2
and at Lorinsr's 2 near the entrance to Mansfield's cove.

•©

The manufacture of salt in Hingham was commenced by R. & C.
Lane at Broad Cove, near " Major's Wharf," probably soon after
the close of the last war with England. In 1825 the fishing busi-
ness had so far increased in importance that other works were

1 The names of the master workmen who followed barrel-coopering as an occu-
pation are given in Vols. II. and III. of this History.

2 Since gone to decay.

Manufactures and Commerce. 175

erected by M. & F. Burr upon their land on the northerly side of
Mansfield's Cove, nearly opposite the old steamboat landing. Sub-
sequently other works were built by Scarlet Hudson on the west-
erly side of the harbor, between Goose Point and the entrance to
Broad Cove. Hudson's salt works were afterwards sold to Orin
Sears, who was the last person engaged in the manufacture of
salt here. The product of the three establishments in 1836 was
20,077 bushels ; but owing to the subsequent decline of the fish-
eries and the increased importation of salt, the two which re-
mained in 1854 produced only 1,500 bushels.

The manufacture of cordage in Hingham was commenced be-
fore the close of the last century by Hawkes Fearing. A vessel
from Copenhagen loaded with hemp had been wrecked on Long
Beach (Nantasket), and as the cargo came ashore in fair condition
it was sold, as it was landed, to Mr. Fearing. The venture proved
to be a successful one, and was the prime cause of establishing
this industry in Hingham Centre. At first the process of work-
ing this hemp into cordage was performed in the open air. Mr.
Fearing's journal, however, shows the exact date in which he
erected the first building for manufacturing cordage here as
follows : " 1794, October 11. Raised 50 feet of my Rope Walk."

After Mr. Fearing's decease the business was carried on by his
sons, Hawkes, David, Morris, and Albert ; other additions were
afterwards made to the buildings, and the production was greatly
increased. The statistics of Massachusetts for the year ending
April 1, 1845, show that there was one manufactory of cordage
in Hingham ; that its product was 150 tons, valued at $28,000,
and that the amount of capital invested in the pursuit was
$10,000 ; the number of hands employed was twenty-two.

The Hingham Cordage Company was incorporated May 25,
1853, its principal stockholders being members of the Fearing
and Whiton families of this town, who had previously been inter-
ested in the business here. The continued prosperity of the com-
pany down to the present time is owing to the foresight, business
energy, and enterprise of the late David Whiton, who was for
many years its president.

On Sunday, June 4, 1865, the works of the Hingham Cordage
Company, embracing the rope-walk, about one thousand feet long,
together with the storehouse containing a large quantity of Manilla
hemp, was entirely destroyed by fire. The brick building, con-
taining the spinning and engine rooms, and most of the machin-
ery, however, was but partially burned. In the storehouse there
was hemp valued at over $30,000, which was all consumed. About
one hundred barrels of tar were destroyed. The buildings, stock,
and machinery were insured for about $70,000, but this amount
did not cover the whole loss. About eighty hands were thrown
out of employment. A new ropewalk was soon erected where
the former one stood, and for some years afterwards the steam-

176 History of Hingham.

whistle sounded its daily call to work, and the hustle and hum
of business activity was again established. For the past ten
years the factory has not been in active operation, owing to the
peculiar condition of affairs in the cordage manufacturing busi-
ness, but the buildings have been kept in good repair and the
machinery in perfect order, ready at any moment to be started
again whenever the business conditions make it expedient.

The goods manufactured by this company have always been of
the best quality, and the selling agents from the incorporation of
the companv have been the successive firms doing business in
Boston with which the Whitens of this town have been connected,
the present firm being M. F. Whiton & Co.

Other manufacturers of twine and cordage on a smaller scale
have been Nicholas Wall, Henry Wall, James Dower, and James
Graham, all of whom obtained much of their experience in the
employ of the Hingham Cordage Company, and then established
small ropewalks of their own.

The Hingham Jute and Bagging Company was incorporated
Oct. 28, 1869, with a capital of $25,000, afterwards increased to
■S27.000, for the purpose, according to the Articles of Agreement,
'• of manufacturing cordage, bagging, and other textile fabrics "
in the town of Hingham. The articles were signed bv David
Whiton, Thomas F. Whiton, Albert Fearing, Morris Fearing, John
Rider, L. C. Whiton, and Lincoln Fearing. The company pur-
chased land at Hingham Centre, near the Hingham Cordage Com-
pany's rope-walk, in the rear of Main Street, and also one of the
factory buildings formerly occupied by Burr, Brown, & Co., which
was removed to Hingham Centre, and with additions became the
factory of this company. Here the manufacture of jute bagging-
was carried on for a few years, but was soon given up. The cor-
poration was legally dissolved in May, 1879.

The manufacture of umbrellas and parasols was established in
Hingham prior to 1818 by Benjamin S. Williams, on South Street
near Hobart's Bridge, and gave steady employment to a large
number of hands. It was incorporated as the Hingham Umbrella
Manufacturing Company in 1825. The manufactured stock was
sold principally in Boston.

Edward Cazneau succeeded Mr. Williams as the proprietor, and
on June 13, 1828, gave public notice, by an advertisement in the
" Hingham Gazette," that " all Umbrellas or Parasols sold here
by retail will be kept in repair twelve months, gratis." The cov-
erings used in the manufacture were of silk, oiled linen, and Eng-
lish ginghams, in brown, blue, and green. There are several
umbrellas now (1893) in use which were made at this manufac-
torv, all of seventv vears aero. The industry was discontinued
here in 1842. For the year ending April 1, 1837, the number of

Manufactures and Commerce. 177

umbrellas and parasols manufactured was 18,600 ; these were
valued at $39,500. The number of hands employed was, males,
twenty ; females, fifty-three.

The first clock of Hingham manufacture of which there is any
record was made by Dr. Josiah Leavitt. It was placed in the
attic story of the Old Meeting-House in 1772 or 1773, and the dial
appeared in the dormer-window facing the street, so that it was
visible to the public. Dr. Leavitt afterwards removed to Boston,
where he became somewhat noted as an organ-builder.

Capt. Joseph Lovis was a clock and watch maker or repairer
and buckle-maker, on South Street, near where the Water-works
building stands.

There is a clock at Hingham Centre which has in the back of
the case the following inscription : —

This Clock was

made IN

180S.

The running parts

WERE MADE [iN F. BuRR

& Go's Store] by

Joseph Bayley.

The case was made by

Theodore Gushing,

1808.

The Joseph Bayley referred to was probably from Hanover,
where some of this family were well-known clock-makers. Sev-
eral of the tall, old-fashioned timekeepers made by John and Cal-
vin Bailey, with a full-moon or swinging ship on the face, are still
seen in the dwellings of some of the older families in Hingham.

Joshua Wilder (known as Quaker Wilder) manufactured and
repaired clocks, timepieces, and watches for many years on Main
Street, near Wilder's Bridge, South Hingham. He was suc-
ceeded by his son Ezra. Reuben Tower was also in the same
line of business on Main, near High Street. There are several
repairers of clocks and watches in Hingham at the present time,
but none that manufacture.

Loring Bailey, a native of Hull, came to Hingham about 1780
or soon after, and located as a silversmith and buckle-maker at
" Broad Bridge." The silverware, spoons, etc., which he manu-
factured had his name stamped upon them. He died in Hingham,
Jan. 3, 1814, aged seventy-four years. Among his apprentices
were Caleb Gill, Leavitt Gill, and Samuel Norton, both of whom
were clock and watch repairers, as well as silversmiths. The
Messrs. Gill established their business on South Street, at the
west part of the town. Mr. Norton's shop was on the rising
ground, about where the middle of the road is now, in front of
the Derby Academy. Elijah Lincoln, who served an apprentice-
ship in Boston at the trade of silversmith, returned to Hingham

VOL. I. — 12*

178 History of Hingham.

about 1818, and established himself at his trade on South Street,
about where the northerly corner of the West Schoolhouse yard
is now. He followed the business until about 1833. Joseph B.
Thaxter was the last person who carried on this pursuit here.
He continued in it for a longer time than did any of his pre-
decessors. His shop was on the northwesterly side of South
Street, between Broad Bridge and Magoon's Bridge. His specialty
was in the manufacture of spectacles for the Boston market. Sil-
ver spoons, of various sizes, made by Mr. Thaxter, and having his
name stamped upon them, are still in use here. A large propor-
tion of these bear the inscription, " Pure coin."

Hat-manufacturers in olden times were usually called " felt-
makers," and their business, being principally local, was carried
on without much outside help. They felted the material used,
and shaped the bodies over blocks in accordance with the prevail-
ing fashion of the day. After the last war with England the
business of hat-making in Hingham began to assume some im-
portance. It was carried on quite extensively in the north part
of the town by Thomas Loud, and later by Atherton Tildcn and
Elijah L. Whiton ; and in South Hingham by Andrew and Laban
Cushing, at the corner of Main and Friend streets. The statis-
tical tables relating to this industry in Hingham for the year
ending April 1, 1837, furnish the following : number of hat-
manufactories, 4; number of hats manufactured, 3,422; males
employed, 7 ; females employed, 5. In 1845 there were three
manufactories, employing twenty-three hands. The number of
hats and caps made was 11,916, valued at $26,500. This indus-
try was discontinued here more than twenty years ago.

In the early history of the country the limited number of books
in circulation were bound principally in London, England. The
covers were of wood covered with paper, or pasteboard covered
with leather. A majority of those published in the present cen-
tury are cloth-covered. The business of book-binding in Hingham
was carried on to a considerable extent between 1800 and 1870:
first by John Cushing, on South Street ; then by Elisha Cushing,
at the corner of Main and South streets ; and afterwards by Caleb
Gill (1827), on Main Street at Broad Bridge, who was succeeded
by C. and E. B. Gill (1829) ; afterwards by Elijah B. Gill (1839),
in Tilden's Building, opposite the post-office ; and lastly by Dixon
L. Gill at the corner of South Street and Central Row.

On April 13, 1827, Caleb Beal announced through the columns
of the " Hingham Gazette " that he " has taken the stand for-
merly occupied by T. A. Davis, near the harbor, where he intends
to manufacture and keep constantly on hand a complete assort-
ment of Tin Ware. Also Sheet Iron Stoves and Funnel manufac-
tured to order," etc. At a later period Enos Loring was taken in

Manufactures and Commerce. 179

■copartnership, and the firm name was Beal & Loring. The per-
sons and firms who have since been manufacturers of tin-ware
here in connection with the stove business are as follows : Enos
Loring, Wilder & Stodder, Charles Gill, E. & 1. W. Loring, Isaiah
W. Loring, Rich & Marble.

Ploughs were manufactured by Charles Howard at Hingham
Centre for about twenty-five years. At first they were of wood,
but afterwards of cast-iron. That they were regarded as an im-
provement over other ploughs at the time they were in use, both
as to the quality of work performed and to the saving of manual
and team labor, is shown by the numerous published notices relat-
ing thereto, and especially to the improvements Mr. Howard
afterwards made on his own early invention. At the ploughing
match of the Plymouth County Cattle Show, held Oct. 2, 1833,
when but four premiums were awarded, the first was to Charles
Howard of Hingham for his plough, — Charles Fearing, plough-
man ; Joseph Cushing, driver. Also the second to Charles Howard
of Hingham for his self-governing plough, — Nehemiah Ripley,
ploughman and driver. The statistical tables of the State show
that for the year ending April 1, 1837, the number of ploughs
manufactured here was eight hundred; the value of these was
estimated at $10,000. Four hands were employed.

After 1840 the business began to decrease, and in 1854 the
number manufactured was but twenty-five.

The early settlers of Hingham had obtained a good education
before leaving the mother country. They were a well-to-do people,
for that period, and upon their arrival here were in comfortable
circumstances. They were industrious, persevering, frugal ; and
these traits were inherited in a great measure by their descend-
ants. They brought with them from their former inland homes
in Hingham, England, and its vicinity, a practical knowledge of
agriculture and the mechanical arts. In many instances both
callings were followed in the same family. As the population
became greater the demand for skilled labor in the workshop in-
creased, and special departments of industry came into prominence.
And so for two centuries or more after the settlement of the town
its manufacturing interests were not unlike those of other towns
similarly situated and having about the same number of inhabi-
tants. Its artisans were skilful and progressive, nor was capital
wanting to encourage every worthy enterprise. Although the
colonists were hampered by the restrictions of the home gov-
ernment upon the export of manufactured articles, the establish-
ment of the independent government of the United States changed
the laws of trade and commerce, and after the Revolution, even
before the commencement of the present century, a more ex-
tended and nourishing business was inaugurated.

180 History of Ming ham.

The preceding pages will indicate the many branches of manu-
factures and commerce which have had a substantial footing in
Hingham in former years. Fate seems to have put her seal of
disapproval, however, upon the town as a permanent manufactur-
ing or commercial centre. The past fifty years have witnessed
a decline and discontinuance of nearly all those interests, and
Hingham seems destined to be a residential suburb of the neigh-
boring city. Efforts have been made from time to time to en-
courage the introduction of manufactories, and committees have
been appointed by the town to see what measures could be taken
to establish them here, without substantial success. There seems
to be nothing wanting in the situation of the town to render it a
favorable spot for manufacturing industries. The means of trans-
portation by land and water are good, yet only a few factories
remain. When and by what means encouragement shall come
to the manufacturer to settle again in Hingham cannot be fore-
told. Let us hope the future historian may look back with that
satisfaction and pride upon a period of honest work by honest
hands, in larger measure, with which we look back upon what
was accomplished in the days of smaller things.

AGEICULTURE.

BY EDMUND HER8EY

APPEARANCE OF THE COUNTRY WHEN FIRST SETTLED.

The first settlers of Eastern Massachusetts did not find the
country covered with an unbroken forest ; but from early writers
we learn that there were large tracts of land entirely clear of
trees and bushes, and that on the high lands, where any trees
grew, in many places they stood at such distances apart that the
grass grew very luxuriantly between them.

Mr. Grus, of Salem, wrote in 1627, " The country is very beau-
tiful. Open lands, mixed in goodly woods, and again open
plains, in some places five hundred acres, some more and some
less. . . . Not much troublesome to clear for the plough. The
grass and weeds grow up to a. man's face. In the low lands, and
by fresh rivers, there are large meadows without a tree or bush."

The burning of the grass and leaves by the Indians is men-
tioned by Morton in 1632. He says : " The savages burn over
the country that it may not be overgrown with underwood." He
;also says : u It scorches the older trees, and hinders their growth.
The trees grow here and there, as in English parks, and make the
country very beautiful."

Wood, in 1634, said : " In many places divers acres are cleared,
so that one may ride a hunting in most places of the land. There
is no underwood, — save in the swamps and low grounds, — for
it being the custom of the Indians to burn the woods in Novem-
ber, when the grass is withered and leaves dried." He also says :
" There is good fodder in the woods where the trees are thin ;
and in the spring grass grows rapidly on the burnt land."

Thus it is evident that the first settlers of this town did not
have to cut down the forest to clear the land before they could
plant their crops ; but they evidently found enough cleared to
plant as many acres as they desired, and have enough left for
pastures and mowing-fields.

182 History of Hingham.

CROPS GROWN.

The first settlers, copying from the Indians, planted as their
principal crop, Indian corn. Wood says, " The first planters, for
want of oxen, were compelled to dig up the land with the hoe."
At a very early period it was found necessary to grow other crops
besides Indian corn. Pumpkins were among the first of garden
crops; these were followed by the parsnip, carrot, turnip, onion,
beet, and cabbage. Potatoes were not introduced into New Eng-
land until 171!;); so the early settlers had to eat their meat and
make their clam chowders without potatoes. It was not until a
trifle more than a hundred years ago that the potato came into
general use. Indian corn was the leading crop until the early
part of the present century. In 1749 the number of bushels of
corn grown in town was 11,69-3. One farmer raised 225 bushels,
another 2<J0, and there were twenty-six farmers that produced a
hundred bushels or more each.

Other field crops grown were wheat, rye, oats, barley, beans,,
flax, and hemp. The two last named were grown and used for
making clothing for the familv for nearly two hundred years.

Apples were introduced at a very early period ; large orchards
existed as early as 1675. This fruit was not grown for the table,
but for cider, which for more than a century and a half appears,
to have been the favorite beverage of all classes, — a single family
often consuming a dozen barrels of cider in a year. Pear-trees
were introduced soon after the town was settled ; but most of
the fruit was unfit to eat, and it was carried to the cider-mill,
where the juice was pressed out, and permitted to ferment. This
made a drink that many preferred to the best of cider.

Early in the present century peaches were grown in conside-
rable quantities and quite successfully ; the trees being grown
from the seed, and not budded, became quite hardy. But when
the practice of budding from choice fruit became general, the
trees became less hardy, the blossom-buds were winter-killed, and
many of the trees died of the yellows. During the past twenty-
five years it has been very difficult to grow the peach in this
town, except under the most favorable conditions.

The cultivation of improved varieties of the grape was not com-
menced until the beginning of the second quarter of the present
century ; but our ancestors found the native grape growing in
great abundance, some varieties of which were very palatable.

The cultivation of the strawberry was commenced nearly a
hundred years ago; but for a period of fifty years it found its
wav in but verv few wardens, and in those few to onlv a limited
extent. Since that period it has been more generally cultivated ;
a few cultivators have grown it for the market, but, with the ex-
ception of one or two years, not to an extent sufficient to supply
the home market.

Agriculture. 183

The tomato was introduced about fifty years ago under the
name of the " love apple," and as a curiosity, rather than as an
article of food.

One of the most important crops grown by the farmer from the
settlement of the town to the present period (1893) has been the
hay crop. At first, nearly all the hay that the farmer had to feed
to his stock was salt hay and fresh meadow hay ; and this was
harvested so late in the season that its quality was very poor,
compared with what it is to-day, so the stock came out in the
spring very thin in flesh.

In the year 1773 there were grown 1,735 pounds of flax in
town, and there were kept 177 yoke of oxen, 836 cows, 179
horses ; there were 670 acres of land under tillage, 2,051 acres
of mowing land, and 7,313 acres of pasture land. In 1749 there
were kept in town 3,162 sheep.

PREPARATION OF THE SOIL AND CULTIVATION OF CROPS.

The Indians in preparing the soil for a crop of Indian corn dug
it up a few inches deep, and fertilized it by placing in each hill
three little fishes (probably herring). This practice they taught
the first settlers, who followed it until oxen were introduced,
when the plough and ox labor were used instead of the hoe and
hand labor, and the manure of the cattle was used instead
of fish.

For two centuries the farmers prepared the soil for hoed crops
by ploughing in the coarser portion of the barn-yard manure,
and using the finer portion in the hills, where the seed-corn
was dropped. Within fifty years it was almost the universal
custom to plant all annual crops that were grown in hills on land
in the same condition as the plough left it, except that a single
furrow was made every four feet with a small one-horse plough ;
in this furrow, at distances of about four feet, was dropped the
fine manure, upon which the seed was planted. Thus the crop,
as it started to grow, was surrounded by earth that was hard and
unfertilized, except what was at the bottom of the furrow. Under
such unfavorable circumstances it is not surprising that the crops
were small, when compared with those grown at the present day.

About fifty years ago some of the more intelligent farmers be-
gan to prepare the land for the growth of crops by spreading the
manure broadcast, and mixing it with the soil by harrowing the
surface until it became loose and fine ; this was found to secure
better crops than the old practice of ploughing in a portion and
placing the remainder in the hill.

In the year 1840 a small quantity of guano was brought into
this town, and being of a good quality, it was found to produce
wonderful results when used in small quantities ; but in a few
years the quality deteriorated so much that the farmers bought

184 History of Hingham.

very little. About this time coarse ground bone was introduced
and carefully tried, to test its value ; for rye it was found to be
better than barn manure. But commercial fertilizers were used
very sparingly by the farmers of this town until within a period
of twenty years. To-day they are very generally used by both
the large and small gardeners.

The old method of cultivation was quite different from the
present. Formerly the horse plough and hand hoe were the only
implements used for cultivating hoed crops : but now the har-
row and cultivator, with the aid of the horse, are made to do
nearly all of the work of cultivating most of the annual crops.
The old method of hilling up corn and potatoes has been almost
entirely abandoned and level culture adopted ; and the more in-
telligent cultivators stir the surface of the soil often to keep it
not only free from weeds, but loose and light, especially in dry
weather, as it is found that if an inch of the surface be kept loose
and line it will prevent the crop on most soils from suffering from
drought.

THE PRICE OF PRODUCE.

It is very difficult to ascertain the real cash value of farm pro-
duce during the first century after the town was settled. There
was so little money in circulation that one article was exchanged
for another ; and it is not much more than a century ago that if
the farmer wanted a box or a bucket, he paid for the box or
bucket by filling it with corn, that being considered a fair price
for it. Whatever the farmer wanted at the country store was
paid for in corn, wheat, butter, eggs, etc.

In the year 1688 the State Treasurer issued to the constables
of this town a warrant for the collection of taxes, which he stated
could be paid in current money, or grain at the following prices :
wheat, two shillings ninepence per bushel ; rye, two shillings ;
oats, tenpence ; malt and barley, two shillings sixpence; Indian
corn, fourteenpence per bushel.

These prices may be considered as a fair cash value of these
products at that time.

THE PRICE OF LAND.

The prices of land have varied so much in different parts of
the town, and at different periods, that it is difficult, if not impos-
sible, to make any brief statement that will give a clear under-
standing of the subject ; but from careful reading of the old wills
and deeds, it is evident that farm lands were not very valuable
until after the close of the second war with England.

From 1815 to 1825 there was a constantly increasing demand
for tillage land, and also wood land. This raised the price to
such a point that in some instances common tillage land was sold

Agriculture. 185

o

for more than a hundred dollars per acre ; and fifty dollars was
not considered an exorbitant price for tillage land near home,
and thirty-five to forty dollars for pasture land several miles
from home.

Wood land was much sought for during the last quarter of the
eighteenth century and the first quarter of the nineteenth, and
commanded a price much above what it will now bring.

THE FARMER'S HOME.

During a period of more than a hundred years after the town
was incorporated the records of the doings of the farmers are so
meagre that it is impossible to give more than a faint idea of
their everyday life, and the condition of their homes, without
drawing too much on the imagination ; but by picking up here
and there historical facts, and carefully considering them, indi-
vidually and collectively, we may draw conclusions that will give
some idea of the lives of the early settlers.

For more than a hundred and fifty years the farm-houses were
unpainted, both outside and in; the floors were uncarpeted, and
in many houses the walls were unplastered, and a fire in an open
fireplace was the only means of heating the cold, uninviting
rooms occupied by the farmer's family. The windows were
small, and few in number ; the furniture, most of it of rude
structure, was made by the farmer himself. Some of the farm-
ers, whose condition would permit it, imported furniture from
the old country ; and nearly all had a few pieces bought of some
one who had become an expert in the business, or inherited from
their ancestors.

For more than a hundred and fifty years after the settlement
of the town every farm-house was a manufactory, and almost
every manufactory was a farm-house. The farmer's wife and
daughters carded the wool, prepared the flax and hemp, spun the
yarn, wove the cloth, and made it into clothing to clothe the
inmates of the household.

The farmer built his farm buildings, and made and repaired most
of his farm implements ; he also made and repaired the shoes for
his family. Thus the farmer's family was fed and clothed with-
out going beyond his own farm, except for a very few things.
In years of good crops he had an abundance of food ; but when
the crops failed, as they sometimes did, want, if not starvation,
stared him in the face. Very few of them had any money to buy
food ; and if they had, so small a portion of the country was set-
tled that when crop's were short in one part of the country they
were in all other parts. Fear of a famine was so firmly implanted
in the minds of the early settlers that it was handed down from
parents to children to a period of less than fifty years ago.

186 History of Hingham.

FARM IMPROVEMENTS.

It is doubtful if any great improvements were made on the
farms during the first fifty or seventy-five years ; but when the an-
nual Indian fires were stopped, the whole country rapidly became
covered with bushes, and in a few years with trees, except where
cultivation was maintained ; so quite early in the eighteenth cen-
tury the farmer was compelled to enter in earnest upon the work
of clearing the land. When the trees were removed, he found
it necessary to dig out the rocks, and inclose each field cleared
with a stone wall. Most of the stone walls that are now seen in
the eastern and southern and a portion of the western part of the
town were probably built between 1725 and 1825. Many of
the farmers who lived during this period had what at that
time were considered comfortable homes, and kept a large stock
of cattle ; so they were in a condition to improve their farms by
clearing them of trees and rocks, and inclosing them with stone
walls. During the latter part of the last century and the first
part of the present, the work of draining some of the low lands
commenced. This work was done on small meadows by indi-
vidual efforts, and on large meadows, where there were many
owners, by organized efforts.

FARM IMFLEMENTS.

Very few realize how rudely constructed were the farm imple-
ments which the first settlers had to use. The hoe was a heavy
piece of iron, roughly forged out, and probably weighed as much
as four of the hoes used at the present time. The shovel and
spade were forged out of iron with, in some cases, a small piece
of steel welded to the cutting edge. The manure-fork had tines
much heavier than the tines of our present garden-forks, and the
pitchforks had short tines, almost as large as one's finger. The
old scythe used by the first settlers was forged out of iron, with
a strip of steel welded on the edge ; but as early as 1649 Joseph
Jenks invented a new form of scythe by welding a thick piece of
iron to a thin piece of steel, and in 1656 got a patent for it. But
for nearly two hundred years the scythe was a heavy and a rudely
constructed implement, weighing from two to three times what
it will weigh to-day. The scythe-snath was little more than a
crooked stick, cut in the woods by the farmer, and smoothed by
taking the bark off. The rake was made by the farmer, and was
twice as heavy as the hand-rakes of the present time. The axe
was heavy and roughly forged.

The plough was but little more than a crooked stick, with an
iron on the point, for nearly two hundred years after the town was
settled. The first cast-iron ploughs were unknown to the Hing-
ham farmer until the beginning of the present century. Four-

Agriculture. 187

wheeled wagons did not come into use by the farmers of this town
until after the beginning of the present century ; before that
period the crops were moved on rudely constructed two-wheel
carts, which, with the exception of the wheels and axles, were
made on the farm by the farmer himself, who sometimes called
to his assistance a neighbor more expert with mechanical tools
than the average farmer. The corn was carried to mill on the
backs of horses, and the farmer and his wife, having no carriage,
rode on the same horse to market, or to church.

Not only has there been a wonderful improvement in the struc-
ture of the hand-tools of the farm, but there has been a wonderful
improvement in the method of doing farm-work. Now, instead
of doing the work with his own muscular power, the farmer has
improved machines by which he can do the work wich his horses,
while he rides on the machines to guide them. Farming one
or two centuries ago meant hard muscular labor, with tools ill
adapted to the work required of them, while the farming of to-
day, if success is to be attained, means high intelligence to keep
in order and guide the machines that have been carefully con-
structed on principles best adapted to perform the work required
of them.

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES.

In February, 1813, the Massachusetts Society for the Promo-
tion of Agriculture sent out circulars recommending as the best
means for receiving and communicating information on affairs of
husbandry, that the inhabitants of one or two of the neighboring
towns should form themselves into a society for improvement in
agriculture. One of these circulars was laid before the town at a
meeting held in May following, and a committee of sixteen persons
was chosen to consider the subject, and report at a future meeting.

At a meeting held in March, 1814, the committee reported,
recommending the formation of a society to be called " Agricul-
tural Society of Hingham," and that seventeen persons be chosen
by the town to act as its first members. The following persons
were chosen : —

Samuel Norton, Esq. Dr. Daniel Shute.

Hawkes Fearing, Esq. Dr. Levi Lincoln.

Thomas Fearing. Perez Whiton.

Solomon Lincoln. Job Loring.

Martin Lincoln. Solomon Jones, Esq.
Charles W. Cushing. . Thomas Andrews.

Benjamin Thomas. Laban Hersey.

James Stephenson. Jerome Cushing.
Joseph Cushing.

The first officers of the society were Samuel Norton, Esq.,.
President; Hawkes Fearing, Esq., Vice-President ; Jerome Cush-
ing, Secretary ; Solomon Jones, Treasurer.

6

cents.

6

ti

10

i<

10

u

2

((

2

u

21

u

188 History of Hingham.

The society held meetings once in three months. The records
do not show that any lectures were given at the meetings, or any
discussions on agricultural subjects maintained ; but the principal
business appears by the records to have been the letting out of
the books of the society to the highest bidder. It is fair to pre-
sume that such intelligent men as were members of this society
could not have regularly met together without entering into some
discussion on farm topics in at least an informal way, thus
gaining something beyond what they obtained from the books
let out.

The following copy of the record of one of the meetings is a
fair sample of the others found in the record book : —

Hingham, June 25, 1819.
Voted, That the fine for not returning pamphlets shall be no more than
ten cents.

The books were let out as follows : —

Agricultural Repository, Vol. 1, Benjamin Thomas
" " " 2, James Stephenson

" " " 3, Ezra Leavitt

" " " 4, John Beal

Foresythe on Fruit Trees, Ezra Leavitt .
Lowels' Address, Jerome Gushing ....
Sinclares Code of Agriculture, Joseph Gushing

57 "

The last meeting of the society was held March 31, 1831. It
existed seventeen years and held fifty-four meetings. Eighteen
new members were by vote added to the seventeen original
members.

The record book of the society is chiefly in the handwriting
of John Beal, who was secretary during most of the time the
society existed. This book was given by his son John to the
Hingham Agricultural and Horticultural Society, and is now de-
posited in the library of the society. It was from this book that
the above information was obtained.

THE HINGHAM AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY

On the 12th of October, 1858, about twenty friends of agricul-
ture met in the Town Hall in answer to a public notice given for
a meeting to consider the expediency of forming an agricultural
society. James S. Lewis, Esq., called the meeting to order,
Charles W. Cushing, Esq., was chosen chairman, and Edmund
Horsey secretary.

. Fearing Burr, Jr., stated the object of the meeting, and after
a full discussion a committee was chosen to make the necessary
arrangements for organizing a society.

November 10 a society under the name of " The Hingham

Agriculture. 189

Agricultural and Horticultural Society " was fully organized. The
following is a list of the first officers : —

President Albert Fearing.

( Solomon Lincoln,

Vice-Presidents .... < Charles W. Cushing,

( David Whiton.

Recording Secretary .... Edmund Mersey.

Corresponding Secretary . . Thomas T. Bouve.

Treasurer Joseph H. French.

Directors.

Albert Whiton, Elijah Leavitt, John Lincoln,

Seth Sprague, Henry Ripley, Warren A. Hersey,

Henry Gushing, Morris Fearing, John R. Brewer,

John Stephenson, Amos Bates, Thomas Whiton.

During the first year after the society was organized meetings
were held in different parts of the town ; but before the close of
the year the armory of the Lincoln Light Infantry was hired as
a permanent place for holding the meetings. In this building
most of the meetings of the society were held until the present
Agricultural Hall was built, where they have since held their
meetings.

The meetings of this society from its organization to the pres-
ent time (1893) have been held for lectures and discussions on
subjects relating to the cultivation of crops and the improve-
ment of the home, and for the exhibition of the products of the
orchard and garden, so that those who attended them might have
an opportunity of seeing the best products grown, and of learning
from the growers their methods of culture.

The lectures and discussions, together with the exhibitions at
the meetings, have done much to improve the condition of the
growers of fruit, flowers, and vegetables.

The first annual exhibition of the society was held September
28 and 29, 1859. The cattle were exhibited on the land of
Royal Whiton and Thomas D. Blossom, on Main Street, near the
present residence of William Fearing, 2d ; and the fruits, flowers,
and vegetables, in the Town Hall, which was located on Main
Street, on land where now stands the residence of George Bayley.

For the exhibition of cattle the second year several acres of
land were rented of Moses Whiton, located in the rear of the
present residence of Hon. Starkes Whiton ; and this land con-
tinued to be used for the exhibition of cattle, and the Town Hall
for the exhibition of fruits, flowers, and fancy articles, until the
present exhibition grounds were purchased. The vegetables were
exhibited in an annex built on the south side of the Town Hall ;
this being principally of canvas was kept up only during exhibi
tion week.

190 History of Hingham.

In the year 1864 the success of the society had become so fully
established that it was deemed expedient to form a .corporation
under the provision of the General Statutes ; this was done No-
vember 2. Under the direction of this organization a committee
solicited stock subscriptions to raise money to purchase grounds,
and to build suitable buildings to accommodate the annual exhi-
bitions. More than fifteen thousand dollars were subscribed, —
the three largest subscribers being Albert Fearing, David Whiton,
and John R. Brewer.

To secure to the society all the advantages given by the State
to incorporated agricultural societies, and to obtain authority to
hold the desired amount of real and personal estate, a special act
of incorporation was petitioned for, and was granted by the Legis-
lature March 27, 1867. Under this act the society has continued
its work to the present time (1890).

During the early part of the year 1867 a lot of land, corner of
East and Leavitt Streets, containing about sixteen acres, was pur-
chased, which has proved to be admirably adapted for the uses of
the society. Upon this lot a spacious building was erected, which
measures one hundred feet in length by sixty in width, contain-
ing a cook-room in the basement, a large exhibition-hall on the
first floor ; also a dining-room of the same size on the second
floor. In this five hundred persons can be seated at the tables.
A fire-proof room has recently been built on the northwest corner
of the building for the safe keeping of the town books. The
building is well finished and furnished. Hon. Albert Fearing
presented to the society sufficient crockeryware to dine six
hundred persons ; also plates enough in which to exhibit the
fruit.

The grounds are well graded, and ornamented with shade-
trees. The plan adopted was to let each member, who desired
to. set one tree, and see that it was well cared for, — each tree
being numbered and recorded on a plan, together with the name
of the person who set it.

The land, buildings, cattle-pens, and other property of the soci-
ety, have cost upwards of thirty thousand dollars ; all of which
has been paid for — except about two thousand dollars, which the
society now owes — by stock subscriptions, profits of a fair, lec-
tures, annual exhibitions, rent of hall, and voluntary subscriptions
of money.

The annual exhibitions and the monthly meetings of the soci-
ety have brought together those living in different sections of the
town, making them better acquainted with each other, and better
friends. Regular monthly, and often semi-monthly, meetings have
been held since the society was organized. At these meetings
papers have been read , touching various agricultural subjects,
followed by discussions which were often highly interesting and
instructive.

During the summer season prizes have sometimes been offered

Agriculture. 191

for meritorious exhibits of fruits, flowers, and vegetables. These
displays have often been quite large, and of a high order.

When the society was first organized the price of life member-
ship was fixed at five dollars, and annual membership at one
dollar. A few years alter the price of life membership was
raised to ten dollars, but in 1890 it was reduced to the price
first established.

The membership of the society has, from its organization to the
present time, been quite large, being composed of men, women,
and children.

The meetings of the society have always been very harmonious,
and the officers have usually been chosen by unanimous votes.

Albert Fearing, the first President, occupied the position seven-
teen years, until his death, when Solomon Lincoln was chosen.
After serving one year failing health compelled Mr. Lincoln to
resign, and Edmund Hersey was chosen. Mr. Hersey occupied
the position five years, and declined re-election. Ebed L. Ripley
was then chosen, and still holds the position.

At the annual exhibitions the cattle-pens have been filled with
cattle equal to any exhibited in any portion of the State ; and the
exhibition in the hall of fruit, flowers, vegetables, useful and
fancy articles, and works of art, have not only been of a quality
to secure the highest praise from the visitors, but they have been
so well arranged by the committees that the society has become
noted for its good order and good management.

The outside entertainments have been of a character to meet
the approbation of every friend to good order and pure morals.

THE PAST AND PRESENT.

The life of the farmer has been so gradually changed for the
better that very few realize how great has been the improvement.
Not only are he and his family better housed, better clothed, better
fed, and better educated, but his labors on the farm have been
very much lightened by the introduction of improved machinery,
the markets for his produce have been greatly extended, and
the returns for the same are in money instead of store-goods.
The farmer's wife and daughters no longer have to work from
early morn until late at night to manufacture the wool, flax,
and hemp into cloth for clothing to keep the family warm, but
the spinning-jenny, the power-loom, and the co-operative butter
aud cheese factories have lifted them out of daily toils but little
better than slavery.

The farmer's sons no longer have to be kept from school and
put to hard labor on the farm to help feed and clothe the family,
but many of them receive just as good education as those who
are to follow other occupations, — the State having established
an agricultural college with eighty free scholarships.

292 History of Hingham.

A portion of the above history has been gathered from books
of history and records in the State Library, the Hingham Public
Library, the library of the Hingham Agricultural Society, town
records,' and from papers read before the Hingham Agricultu-
ral and Horticultural Society by Quincy Bicknell and George
Lincoln.

PUBLICATIONS.

BY FEARING BURR.

In presenting the following notices relating to the authors and
publications connected with the History of Hingham, it may be
proper to state that no merit for completeness or originality is
claimed.

The field for research in this direction is one which has not
hitherto had the attention of the historian, and it has been found
necessary to devote much time and careful examination to the
subject. The prominent libraries of the city of Boston have been
visited, and collectors of rare books interviewed with the hope of
adding to the interest and perfection of the chapter. The earlier
publications from which quotations of title-pages are given have
received personal examination, and notices of those of more recent
date have in many instances had their authors' approval.

The literary labors of those who by virtue of long-continued
residence in Hingham have gained citizenship here have been
justly added in full. The occasional addresses, orations, and
published discourses given by those neither residents nor natives
of the town could not be set aside, including as they do many valu-
able facts immediately connected with our local history. A few
notes and brief biographical sketches have been added where it
was thought they would afford information concerning the per-
sonal history of an author, thereby enhancing the value and use-
fulness of the work. Biographical notices of native or resident
clergymen, lawyers, and physicians will be found in the Ecclesias-
tical History, and chapters having special reference to their pro-
fessions. Should important omissions be discovered, no one will
regret their occurrence more than the writer.

John G. Adams.

Sermon at the Ordination and Installation of Rev. Phebe A. Hanaford,

as Pastor of the First Universalist Church in Hingham, Mass., Feb.

19, 1868. Published with services of the occasion. Boston. C. C.

Roberts, Printer, 1870. 12mo. cloth, pp. 71. (See Oltmpia Brown.)

vol. i. — 13*

194 History of Hingham.

John Albion Andrew.

Oration delivered before the Athenian Society of Bowdoin College, Sep-
tember, 1844. pp. 27. (See Memoirs and Reminiscences of Governor
Andrew, by Peleg W. Chandler.)

Address at the close of the School Year of the Maine Female Seminary.
Gorham, July, 1859. pp. 40. (See Memoirs and Reminiscences of
Governor Andrew, by Peleg W. Chandler.)

Argument on behalf of Thaddeus Hyatt, brought before the Senate of
the United States on a charge of Contempt for refusing to appear as a
witness before the Harper's Ferry Committee. Samuel E. Sewall and
John A. Andrew, counsel. Pamphlet, pp.20. (Not dated) 1860?

Speeches at Hingham and Boston, with his testimony before the Harper's
Ferry Committee of the Senate in relation to John Brown, Sept. 24,

1860. Pamphlet. 8vo. pp. 16. Boston. 1860.

Address of His Excellency John A. Andrew to the Two Branches of the
Legislature of Massachusetts, Jan. 5, 1861. Boston. William White,
Printer to the State, pp. 48. (Senate Doc, No. 2.)

The Blue Book containing the Acts and Resolves passed by the General
Court of Massachusetts, published by the Secretary of the Commonwealth,
has in addition to the Inaugural Address of Jan. 5, 1861, an Address to
the Senate and House of Representatives in Convention, dated Jan. 26,

1861, on the reception by His Excellency of two Revolutionary fire-
arms from the executors of the will of the late Rev. Theodore Parker,
pp. 7.

Special Messages contained in the Acts and Resolves during the Session

ending April 11, 1861. pp. 15.
Address at the extra session, ending May 14, 1861. 8vo. pp. 24.

(Senate Doc, No. 1.)
Address at the second session, approved May 23, 1861. pp. 14.
Address upon " the Grave Responsibilities which have fallen, in the Provi-
dence of God, upon the Government and the People." May 25, 1861.

pp. 14.
Thanksgiving Proclamation (Broadside), Nov. 21, 1861.
Annual Address before the Legislature, Jan. 3, 1862. pp. 42.
Special Messages, from Jan. 18 to April 22, inc., 1862. pp. 39.
Correspondence between Governor Andrew and Major-General Butler.

Boston. Published by John J. Dyer. 1862. 8vo. pp. 86.
Speech of Governor Andrew (and others), delivered at a Mass Meeting

in aid of recruiting, held on the Common under the auspices of the

committee of one hundred and fifty, on Wednesday, Aug. 27, 1862.

Printed in a pamphlet with other Addresses. Boston. J. E. Farwell,

and Company, City Printers, No. 27 Congress Street.
Fast Proclamation, dated March 11, 1862.
Thanksgiving Proclamation, dated Oct. 27, 1862.
Annual Address of His Excellency John A. Andrew to the Two Branches

of the Legislature, Jan. 9, 1863. Boston. Wright and Potter, State

Printers, No. 4 Spring Lane.
Special Messages to the Legislature, January 20 to April 10, 1863.
Letter to S. F. Wetmore, Esq., Indianapolis, Indiana : on the number of

soldiers furnished by Massachusetts. Executive Department, Boston,

Feb. 3, 1863. 8vo. pp. 8.
Address at the Inauguration of Thomas Hill, as President of Harvard

Publications. 195

College, Wednesday, March 4, 1863. Cambridge. Sever and Francis,
Booksellers to the University.

Special Message to the Legislature, Nov. 11, 1863. Extra Session. 8vo.
pp. 24.

Proclamation relating to Bounties, Nov. 18, 1863. 8vo. pp. 11.

Fast Proclamation, appointing April 30, 1863.

Thanksgiving Proclamation, dated Oct. 1, 1863.

Annual Address to the Legislature of Massachusetts, together with accom-
panying documents, Jan. 8, 1864. Wright and Potter, State Printers,
pp. 110.

An Address to the Graduating Class of the Medical School in the Uni-
versity at Cambridge, on Wednesday, March 9, 1864. By John A.
Andrew, LL.D., President (ex officio) of the Board of Overseers.
Boston. Ticknor and Fields. 1864. Pamphlet, pp. 28.

Letter to the President of the United States on the payment of colored
soldiers. Broadside. May 13, 1864.

Address before the New England Agricultural Society at Springfield,
September 9, 1864.

Fast Proclamation, dated July 28, 1864.

Thanksgiving Proclamation, dated Oct. 31, 1864.

Annual Address before the Legislature, Jan. 6, 1865. pp. 53.

Special Messages, Jan. 9, to May 17, 1865, inclusive, pp. 32.

The importance of relying on the efforts of the People, instead of the ma-
chinery of a Bureau. Correspondence concerning the System of
recruiting volunteers now prescribed by the U. S. Provost-Marshal-
General. Boston. Wright and Potter, Printers. 1865. 8vo. pp. 23.

Address to the Legislature on the Reception of the News of the Occupa-
tion of Richmond by General Grant. April 4, 1865. Boston. 1865.
8vo. pp. 3 (Senate Doc, No. 173),

An Address on the occasion of Dedicating the Monument to Ladd and
Whitney, members of the Sixth Regiment M. V. M., killed at Balti-
more, Maryland, April 19, 1861, delivered at Lowell, Massachusetts,
June 17, 1865. By John A. Andrew, Governor of the Commonwealth.
Boston. Wright and Potter, State Printers, No. 4 Spring Lane. 1865.
Pamphlet, pp. 31.

Two Letters to Rev. Edward E. Hale, dated Oct. 7 and 11, declining the
Presidency of Antioch College. Boston. 1865. 16mo. pp. 3.

Opinion in the case of Edward W. Green. 1865. 4to. pp. 20.

Fast Proclamation. Broadside. Dated March 1, 1865.

Fast Proclamation. Special. Dated May 5, 1865.

Thanksgiving Proclamation, dated Nov. 8, 1865.

Special Message, Jan. 3, 1866, with accompanying documents, pp. 34.

Special Messages to the Senate, January 3, to January 5, 1866, inc. pp.
19. [Blue Book.]

Valedictory Address of His Excellency, John A. Andrew, to the Two
Branches of the Legislature of Massachusetts, upon retiring from the
office of Governor of the Commonwealth, Jan. 4, 1866. (Senate Doc,
No. 2.) pp. 21. (See also Memoir of Governor Andrew, by Peleg W.
Chandler.)

An Address delivered at Brattleborough, Vermont, by invitation of the
Agricultural Society of Vermont, at the Fair held by that Society and
the Agricultural Society of New England, Sept. 7, 1866. Boston.
Wright and Potter, Printers, No. 4 Spring Lane. Pamphlet, pp. 44.

196 History of H'uigliam.

The Errors of Prohibition. An argument delivered in the Represen-
tative's Hall, Boston, April 3, 18G7. Before a Joint Special Committee
of the General Court of Massachusetts. Boston. Ticknor and Fields.
1867. Pamphlet, pp. 148.

An Address delivered before the New England Historic-Genealogical
Society, at the annual meeting held in Boston, Mass., Jan. 2, 1867. By
John A. Andrew, LL.D., President of the Society. To which is added
a report of the proceedings of said meeting. Printed hy David Clapp
and Son. 1867. Pamphlet, pp. 12.

The Election Sermon of Rev. Dr. A. H. Quint, in January, 1866, contains
many eloquent references to the five years' term of service of John A.
Andrew as Governor of Massachusetts. He says : " In such a term of
service there is manifest completeness. It began when the clouds were
lowering, it ends with the skies clear. The work accomplished was
one work ; it covers a great period in history."

References to the life and quotations from the literary work of
Governor Andrew are found in nearly all the prominent libraries
of Boston. From such of these publications as have come to the
notice of the writer the subjoined extracts are made : —

A conspiracy to defame John A. Andrew, being a review of the proceed-
ings of Joel Parker, Linus Child, and Leverett Saltonstall, at the
People's Convention (so-called), held in Boston, Oct. 7, 1862. By
"Warrington." (See Pen Portraits by Mrs. W. L. Robinson.) Bos-
ton. Wright and Potter, Printers, 4 Spring Lane. 1862. Pamphlet,
pp. 16.

Circular, dated Feb. 6, 1865, proposing Gov. Andrew for a seat in the
Cabinet, by G. L. Stearns. Boston. 1865.

Eulogy on John Albion Andrew delivered by Edwin P. Whipple, with an
appendix containing the Proceedings of the City Council, and an account
of the Proceedings in Music Hall, Boston. Alfred Mudge and Son, City
Printers, 34 School Street. 1867. pp. 36.

Success and its conditions. By E. P. Whipple. Quotations from the
address before the City Council of Boston. Nov. 26, 1867.

Union League Club of New York. Proceedings in reference to the
death of Governor John A. Andrew, Nov. 11, 1867. Club House,
Union Square, No. 29 East Seventeenth Street, 1867. Pamphlet,
pp. 36.

Reference to the death of John Albion Andrew in the Annual Address of
His Excellency, Alexander H. Bullock, Jan. 3, 1868.

Discourse delivered before the New-England Historic-Genealogical Society,
Boston, April 2, 1868, on the Life and Character of the Hon. John
Albion Andrew, LL.D., late president of the Society, with proceedings
and appendix. By Rev. Elias Nason, M.A., member of the Society.
Boston, New England Historic-Genealogical Society, MDCCCLXVIII.
Bound vol., 76 pp. 8vo. Geo. C. Rand and Avery, Printers.

Sketch of the official life of John A. Andrew as Governor of Massachu-
setts, to which is added the Valedictory Address of Governor Andrew,
delivered upon retiring from office, Jan. 5, 1866, on the subject of
reconstruction of the States recently in rebellion. New York. Pub-
lished by Hurd and Houghton, Cambridge: Riverside Press, 1868.
Entered according to Act of Congress, etc., 1868, by A. G. Browne, Jr.

Publications. 197

A History of Massachusetts in the Civil War, by William Schouler, late
adjutant-general of the Commonwealth. Boston. E. P. Duttou & Co.,
publishers, 135 Washington Street. 1868. Quotations from the official
addresses, correspondence, etc., of Governor Andrew.
New England Historical and Genealogical Register. January, 1869.
Tribute to the memory of John Albion Andrew, by Samuel Burnham,
A.M. pp. 1 to 12, inc.
Ceremonials at the unveiling of the statue of Gov. John A. Andrew, at the
State House, Tuesday, Feb. 14, 1871. Boston. Wright and Potter,
State Printers, 79 Milk Street. 1871. Pamphlet. 29 pp.
Mrs. Harriet Beecher Stowe has a sketch of Governor Andrew, occupying
20 pages in her " Lives and Deeds of our Self-made men." Bound vol-
ume, 1872.
" Warrington " Pen Portraits : a collection of Personal and Political Rem-
iniscences from 1848 to 1876, from the writings of William S. Robin-
son, with memoir and extracts from Diary and Letters never before
published. Boston. Edited and Published by Mrs. W. S. Robinson,
41-45 Franklin Street, Boston. References to Governor Andrew occur
on pp. 93, 94, 95, 110, 230, 274, 339, 340, 406, and 521.
The Town of Hingham in the late Civil War. Prepared by Fearing Burr
and George Lincoln. 8vo. pp. 455. Published by order of the town,
1876. For Biographical sketch of John Albion Andrew, see pp. 317—
321, inc., communicated by John D. Long.
A Memorial Volume containing the exercises at the Dedication of the
Statue of John A. Andrew at Hingham, Oct. 8, 1875, together with an
account of the organization and proceedings of the John A. Andrew
Monument Association. Boston. Published by the Association,
MDCCCLXXVHI. Quarto. 55 pp.
Memorial and Biographical Sketches of John Albion Andrew. By James
Freeman Clarke. Boston. Houghton, Osgood, and Company. The
Riverside Press, Cambridge. 1878. pp. 65.
History of the Flag of the United States of America. By Geo. Henry
Preble, rear admiral U. S. N. Published by A. AVilliams and Company,
Boston, 1880. Extracts from the Addresses, etc. of Governor Andrew.
See pp. 465, 466, 545-548, 554, 556, 579. Also his speech on receiv-
ing the flags of the Massachusetts regiments, pp. 547, 548.
Memoir of the Hon. John Albion Andrew, LL.D. By Peleg W.
Chandler, reprinted from the proceedings of the Massachusetts Histori-
cal Society for April, 1880. Cambridge, John Wilson and Son, Univer-
sity Press. 1880. Pamphlet. 32 pp.
Memoir of Governor Andrew, with personal reminiscences, by Peleg W.
Chandler, to which are added two hitherto unpublished Literary Dis-
courses and the Valedictory Address. Boston. Roberts Brothers, 1880.
University Press, John Wilson and Son, Cambridge. Bound volume,
pp. 298.
The Eve of War. From Governor Andrew's Address to the Legislature
of Massachusetts, Jan. 5, 1861. pp. 8. The Old South Leaflets, Second
Series, 1884, No. 8.

Catharine N„ Badger.

Martha Whiting was a daughter of Enoch and Martha Whiting,
and was born in Hingham, Feb. 27, 1795. She commenced teach-

198 History of Hingham.

ing here when seventeen or eighteen years of age, and had charge
of one of the schools in the Centre District for nearly ten years.

In 1823 Miss Whiting left Hingham for Charlestown, Mass.,
where she established a private school, and where, in May, 1831,
she became the founder of the Charlestown Female Seminary, a
school in the interest of the Baptists, of which denomination she
was a devoted and conscientious member. She died in Hingham,
Aug. 22, 1853, aged 58 years and 6 months.

The Teacher's last Lesson ; a Memoir of Martha Whiting, late of the
Charlestown Female Seminary. Consisting chiefly of Extracts from
her Journal, interspersed with Reminiscences and suggestive Reflections,
by Catharine N. Badger, an associate Teacher. 284 pp. 12mo, with
portrait. Boston. Gould and Lincoln. 1855.

James Loring Baker.

The Washingtonian Reform. An Address delivered before the Hingham
Total Abstinence Society, June 16, 1844. Hingham. Jedidiah Farmer,
Printer.

A Review of the Tariff of 1846, in its effects upon the business and in-
dustry of the country, in a series of articles contributed to the Evening
Transcript over the signature of " Profit and Loss," with a Table show-
ing the annual amount of our foreign imports and exports for the last
ten years. Boston. Redding and Company, 1855. Pamphlet.

Men and Things, or Short Essays on various subjects, including Free
Trade. Boston. Crosby, Nichols, and Company. 1858. Bound vol.
12mo.

Exports and Imports, as showing the Relative Advancement of Every
Nation in Wealth, Strength, and Independence. [In a series of articles
contributed to the Boston Transcript.] Printed by order of the com-
mittee of correspondence appointed under the resolutions of a meeting
on the 15th of June, 1858, of the friends of protection to domestic
industry. Philadelphia. 1859. Pamphlet.

Slavery, by the author of " Exports and Imports," " Men and Things," etc.
Philadelphia. John A. Norton. 1860. Pamphlet.

David Barnes.

A Discourse on Education, delivered before the Trustees of the Derby
Academy, at Hingham, April 5, 1796. Also at the South Parish in
Scituate. " Education forms the common mind." Published by desire.
Boston. Printed by Manning and Loring. 1803.

Solomon J. Beal.

John Beal of Hingham and One Line of His Descendants. Genealogical.
Pamphlet, pp. 16. Boston. Wright and Potter, printers, No. 4
Spring Lane. 1867.

William Bentley.
Pastor of the Second Church in Salem.

A Sermon delivered July 2, 1806, at the Ordination of Mr. Joseph Rich-
ardson, A.M., to the pastoral care of the Church and Congregation of
the First Parish in Hingham. Boston. Printed by Hosea Sprague.

Publications. 199

QUINCY BlCKNELL.

A brief family story. By Quincy Bicknell. Family Historian. From
"The Bicknells and the Family Reunion at Weymouth, Massachusetts,
September 22, 1880." pp. 26-36, inc. Boston. New England Pub-
lishing Co., Printers. 1880.

Sketch By a Parishioner. See pp. 53-66, inc., in the pamphlet hav-
ing upon its title-page " Reverend Calvin Lincoln. Sermon preached
in the Old Meeting-House, Hiugham, Sunday, September 18, 1881.
By Rev. Rufus P. Stebbins, D.D., also Services at the Funeral, and
Sketch by a Parishioner."

Mr. Bicknell recently published a very full and carefully pre-
pared history of John Tower, Senior, of Hingham, and his
descendants. The work will furnish much valuable information
concerning the families belonging to Hingham and Cohasset, as
well as a complete record of those who bear the surname " Tower "
throughout the United States ; and its value in an historical,
genealogical way cannot be overestimated.

Amos Binney.

Mr. Binney was for two years pastor of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church in Hingham. He married here for his first wife,
July 14, 1824, Caroline, daughter of Isaiah and Susa (Leavitt)
Wilder. Some years ago he published a " Theological Compend,"
which has been translated into nearly every language by mission-
aries, and just before his decease, in 1878, he completed his last
work, entitled " The People's Commentary." He was a native
of Hull.

Poetic Essays to aid the Devotions of Pious People. Boston. Printed by
Lincoln and Edmands. 1822. Pamphlet, pp. 48.

Thomas Tracy Bouve.

Notes on Gems. From the Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural
History, Vol. XXIIL, Jan. 2, 1884. Monograph pamphlet.

Historical Sketch of the Boston Society of Natural History, with a Notice
of the Linnaean Society which preceded it. Published by the Society.
1880. Quarto, pp. 250, with Portraits.

Daniel Bowen.

Assumed Authority. A Review of Rev. Dr. Hedge's Address, entitled
" Anti-Supernaturalism in the Pulpit." Boston. Walker, Wise, and
Company. 1864. Pamphlet.

Jedediah J. Brayton.

Our Duty in relation to Southern Slavery. A Discourse delivered at
South Hingham, Jan. 29, 1860. Boston. Printed by Prentiss and
Sawyer, No. 19 Water Street. 1860. Pamphlet. 8vo. pp. 16.

200 History of Hingham.

J. M. Brewster.

Fidelity and Usefulness. Life of William Burr, Dover, N. H. F. Baptist
Printing establishment. Boston. D. Lothrop & Co. 1871. 208 pp.
12mo. cloth, with portrait.

Charles Brooks.

A Family Prayer-book: containiug Forms of morning and evening
Prayers for a fortnight. With those for Religious Societies and In-
dividuals. Cambridge. Printed by Ililliard and Metcalf. 1821.

The name of the author does not appear in any part of the
volume. In a preparatory note it is addressed as follows : —

To the Families composing the Third Church and Society in Hingham:

My Friends and People. — It is equally the dictate of duty and
inclination, in your Pastor, to dedicate to you the volume of prayers com-
posed and selected for your benefit. As I have prepared it during the last
month, amidst all the duties of my office, I must ask from you that candour
on which I have so often relied. Accept it as a part of my ministerial
labours, and as an expression of my earnest wish to advance the spirit of
true devotion and pure Christianity.

Hingham, August, 1821.

Solomon Lincoln, in his " Memoir " of Mr. Brooks, says, —

" During the first year of his ministry (1821) he wrote a Family
Prayer Book, intended for his people, which was afterwards published in
Hingham. It soon went to a second edition, and the demand for it was so
great that in 1833 he rewrote the whole work, made a large addition to it,
and the first stereotype edition was published. Eighteen editions have
been issued, many having 4,000 copies each. A wealthy merchant of
Boston gave away 20,000 copies, for which he paid Mr. Brooks a liberal
price."

A Discourse delivered in Cohasset, on Tuesday, Oct. 13, 1835. At the
Interment of the Rev. Jacob Flint, Pastor of the First Church in that
Town. Published by request of the hearers. Hingham. Jedidiah
Farmer. 1835.

Mr. Brooks also published a " History of Medford," " The Daily
Monitor," and a large number of other books and pamphlets.
" He was quite a voluminous writer."

John Brown.

In what Sense the Heart is Deceitful and Wicked. A Discourse from
Jer. xvii. 9. By John Brown, A.M., Pastor of the Second Church in
Hingham. Published at the General Request and Expense of his
Parishioners. 12mo. pp.22. "Boston. Printed by Fowle in Queen
Street. 1754."

A Discourse delivered at the West-Church in Boston, Aug. 24, 1766, six
weeks after the death of the Reverend Dr. Mayhew. By John Brown,
A.M., Pastor of the Second Church in Hingham. " The Lord Reigneth."

Publications. 201

King David. " None can stay his Hand, or say unto Him, What dost
Thou?" Prophet Daniel. Boston. Printed by R. and S. Draper, in
Newbury-Street ; Edes and Gill in Queen-Street ; and T. and J. Fleet
in Cornhill. 1766.
A Discourse delivered on the Day of the Annual Provincial Thanksgiving,
Dec. 6, 1770. By John Brown, A.M., Pastor of the Church in
Cohasset. 12nio. pp. 15. Boston, New England. Printed by
Thomas Fleet, MDCCLXXI.

Olympia Brown.

Sermon at the Ordination and Installation of Rev. Phebe A. Hanaford as
Pastor of the First Universalist Church in Hingham, Mass., Feb. 19,
18G8. Published with services of the occasion. Boston. C. C. Roberts,
Printer. 1870. 12mo. 71 pp. See John G. Adams.

Stephen G. Bulfinch.

A Good Old Age. A Sermon preached at the Church at Harrison Square,
Dorchester, on Sunday, Feb. 2, 1862, on occasion of the decease of Mrs.
Sarah Cushing, wife of Hon. Abel Cushing. Samuel P. Brown, Printer.
Randolph Book Office. 1862.

" The lady whose decease occasioned this sermon was the daughter of
Moses and Martha (Lincoln) Whiton, and was born in Hingham, Jan. 11,
lltio. In 1811 she became the wife of Hon. Abel Cushing, who with
their four sons, survives her. She died at her home in Dorchester, Jan.
27, 1862. This tribute to her worth is printed, by request of her family,
for private distribution."

Fearing Burr, Jr.

The Field and Garden Vegetables of America. Illustrated. 674 pp.

8vo. Boston. Crosby and Nichols. 1863. A second edition, with

additional illustrations, was published in 1865, by J. E. Tilton and

Company. Boston. Now out of print.
Garden Vegetables, and how to cultivate them. Illustrated. 12mo. Boston.

J. E. Tilton and Company. 1865.

By Fearing Burr and George Lincoln, associates : —

The Town of Hingham in the late Civil War, with sketches of its Soldiers
and Sailors. Also the Address and other Exercises at the Dedication
of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Published by order of the
Town. 1876. 455 pp. 8vo.

H. Price Collier.
Doubtful Experiments in Rhyme. By the author of " Better things than

these, etc." Hingham. Press of Fred. H. Miller. 1888.
Sermons. New York. E. P. Dutton & Co. 1892.

Included in this volume are eighteen of the author's prominent
discourses, one of which was preached to the First Corps of
Cadets, Sunday, July 14, 1892, while in camp in Hingham.

Henry Colman.

Some of his published works as a minister, which have a local
interest, are : —

A Discourse delivered in the Chapel Church, Boston, before the Humane
Society of Massachusetts, 9 June, 1812. Published by request of

202 History of Hingham.

the Society. Boston. Printed by John Eliot, Jan. 1812, with an
Appendix.

The Divine Providence. A sermon preached in Hingham and Quincy
20th August, 1812, the day of the National Fast on account of the War
with Great Britain. Boston. Printed by Joshua Belcher. 1812.

A Discourse addressed to the Plymouth and Norfolk Bible Society, at
their First Annual Meeting in Hanover, 11 September, 1816. Pub-
lished by request. Boston. Printed by John Eliot. 1816.

Catechisms for Children and Young Persons. In two parts : Part I.,
containing a Catechism for Children ; Part II., containing a Catechism for
Young Persons. Boston. Printed by John Eliot. 1817. Pamphlet.

A Sermon preached in Hingham 17 December, 1817, at the Ordination of
the Rev. Daniel Kimball, A.M., Preceptor of Derby Academy, as an
Evangelist. Published by request. Boston. Printed by John Eliot.
1818.

A Discourse delivered before the Ancient and Honourable Artillery Com-
pany in Boston, 1 June, 1818. Published by request of the Company.
Boston. Printed by John Eliot. 1818.

A Sermon preached at the Installation of the Rev. James Flint in the

East Church in Salem. Boston. Published by Thomas B. Wait. 1821.

(In an appended note it is stated that the Installation took place on the

20th September, a.d. 1821. The exercises on the occasion are briefly

given.)

A Discourse on Pastoral Duty, addressed to the Ministers of the Bay
Association at their Meeting in Hingham, August 21, 1822. Published
at the request of the Association. Boston. Published by Cummings
and Hilliard. 1822.

Discourse at the Opening of the Independent Congregational Church in
Barton Square, Salem, 7 Dec, 1824. 8vo.

In addition to his Reports on the Agriculture of Massachusetts,
his larger published works include, —

The Agriculture and Rural Economy of France, Belgium, Holland, and
Switzerland ; from personal observation. Boston, Mass. Arthur D.
Phelps. 1848. 304 pp. 8vo. cloth.

European Life and Manners. 1849. 2 vols. 12mo.

European Agriculture and Rural Economy. 2 vols. 8vo. 4th edition.
1851.

Ward Cotton.

"Ministers must make Full Proof of their Ministry." A sermon preached
at the Ordination of the Reverend Mr. John Brown, Pastor of the
Second Church of Christ in Hingham. By Ward Cotton, A.M., Pastor
of the first Church of Christ in Hampton, in the Province of New
Hampshire. " Published at the Desire and Expence of the Reverend
Ministers and other Gentlemen who heard it." Col. iv. 17. " And
say to Archippus, Take Heed to the Ministry which thou hast received
in the Lord that thou fulfill it." 12mo. pp. 30. Boston. Printed
for D. Gookin, over against the Old South Meeting-House. 1747.

Abel Cushing.

Historical Letters on the First Charter of Massachusetts Government.
1839. Small 12 mo. 204 pp. cloth. Originally written for a news-

Publications. 203

paper, and afterwards published in the volume above described for pri-
vate distribution.

He also wrote many political essays.

Samuel Downer.

Address delivered in the Pavilion at Downer Landing, Sunday, Aug. 14,
1881. Hingham. Printed by request. 1881.

Samuel Dunbar.

True Faith makes the best Soldier. A Sermon Preached before the
Ancient and Honourable Artillery- Company, on their Anniversary
Meeting, for the Election of Officers, June 6, 1748. Boston. Printed
for D. Henchman, in Cornhill. 1748.

Brotherly Love the Duty and Mark of Christians. A sermon at Medlield,
Nov. 6, 1748, after the sitting of a Council there. 8vo. pp. 28. Boston.
1749.

Righteousness by the Law subversive of Christianity. Sermon at Thurs-
day Lecture, Boston, May 9, 1751. 8vo. pp. 27. Boston. 1751.

Duty of Ministers to testify the Gospel of the Grace of God, a sermon at
Braintree, Dec. 13, 1753, a day for Humiliation and Prayer for Divine
Direction in the Choice of a Minister. 8vo. pp. 20. Boston. 1754.

The Presence of God with his People, their only Safety and Happiuess.
Election Sermon, May 28, 1760. Text, 2 Chronicles xv. 1, 2. 8vo.
pp. 37. Boston. 1760.

The Ministers of Christ should be careful that they do not in their ministry
corrupt the word of God. Sermon preached in Scituate, April 20,
1763, at the ordination of Rev. Ebenezer Grosvenor. pp. 27. Boston.
1763.

The Duty of Christ's Ministers to be Spiritual Laborers. Sermon at
Dorchester, April 29, 1774. A day set apart by the Church and Con-
gregation there for Solemn Humiliation, pp. 28. Boston. 1775.

E. Porter Dyer.

Oration delivered at the Celebration of the one hundred and fiftieth An-
niversary of the Incorporation of Abington, Massachusetts, June 10,
1862, and published in connection with other exercises of the occasion.
Boston. Wright and Potter. 1862.

Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress in verse. 12mo. pp. 290. Boston. Lee
and Shepard. 1869.

Convers Francis.

Errors in Education. A Discourse delivered at the Anniversary of the
Derby Academy in Hingham, May 21, 1828. Luke i. 66. "What
manner of child shall this be." Published by request. Hingham.
Farmer and Brown. 1828.

William H. Furness.

Doing before Believing. A Discourse delivered at the Anniversary of the
Derby Academy, in Hingham, May 19, 1847. Published by request.
New York. W. S. Dorr, Printer. 1847.

204 History of H Ingham.

Ebenezer Gay.

Ministers Men of like Passions with Others. From Acts xiv. 15. " We
also are men of like passions with you." Preached at Barnstable, at
the Ordination of the Rev. Joseph Green, 1725.

The Transcendent Glory of the Gospel. 2 Cor. iii. 10. " For even that
which was made glorious had no glory in this respect, by reason of the
glory that excelleth." Preached at the Lecture in Hingham, 1728.

A Pillar of Salt to season a Corrupt Age. Luke xxii. 32. " Remember
Lot's wife." Lecture in Hingham, 1728.

Zechariah's Vision of Christ's Martial Glory. Zech. i. 8. " I saw by
night, and, behold, a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among
the myrtle trees that were in the bottom ; and behind him there were
red horses, speckled, and white." Before the Ancient and Honourable
Artillery Company, 1728.

The Duty of People to Pray for and Praise their Rulers. Ps. lxxii. 15.
" Prayer also shall be made for him continually, and daily shall he
be praised." Lecture in Hingham, on occasion of the arrival of His
Excellency, Jonathan Belcher, Esq., to his government, 1730.

Well-accomplished Soldiers a Glory to their King, and Defence to their
Country. 2 Chron. xvii. 18. "And next him was Jehozabad, and
with him an hundred and fourscore thousand, ready prepared for war."
Before several Military Companies in Hingham, 1738.

Ministers' Insufficiency for their Important and Difficult Work. 2 Cor.
ii. 16. " To the one we are the savour of death unto death, and to the
other the savour of life unto life ; and who is sufficient for these things."
At Suffield, at the Ordination of the Rev. Ebenezer Gay, Jan.
1741-42.

The untimely Death of a Man of God lamented. 1 Kings xiii. 30. "And
they mourned over him, saying, Alas, my brother." At the P^uneral of
the Rev. John Hancock, Braintree, 1744.

The Character and Work of a Good Ruler, and the Duty of an Obliged
People. 2 Sam. xxi. 17. " Then the men of David sware unto him,
saying, Thou shalt go no more out with us to battle, that thou quench
not the light of Israel." An Election Sermon, 1745.

The true Spirit of a Gospel Minister. John i. 32. " And John bare
record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and
it abode upon him." At the Annual Convention in Boston, 1746.

The Alienation of Affections from Ministers. Gal. iv. 13, 14, 15, 16.
"Ye know how through infirmity of the flesh I preached the gospel unto
you at the first. And my temptation which was in the flesh ye despised
not, nor rejected ; but received me as an angel of God, even as Christ
Jesus. When is then the blessedness ye spake of? For I bear you
record, that if it had been possible, ye would have plucked out your
own eyes, and have given them to me. Am I therefore become your
enemy because I tell you the truth ? " In Boston at the Ordination of
the Rev. Jonathan Mayhew, 1747.

The Mystery of the Seven Stars in Christ's Right Hand. Rev. i. 16.
" And he had in his right hand seven stars." In Scituate at the Ordina-
tion of the Rev. John [Jonathan] Dorby, 1751.

Jesus Christ the wise Master Builder of his Church. Zech. ii. 1. " I
lifted up mine eyes again, and looked, and, behold a man with a measur-

Publications. 205

ing line in his hand." In Keene, at the Installment of the Rev. Ezra
Carpenter, 1753.

The Levite not to be forsaken. Deut. xii. 19. "Take heed to thyself,
that thou forsake not the Levite, as long as thou livest upon the earth."
In Yarmouth, at the Installment of the Rev. Grindall Rawson, 1755.

Natural Religion as distinguished from Revealed. Rom. ii. 14, 15. " For
when the gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things con-
tained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves,"
etc. At the Dudleiau Lecture, 1759.

A beloved Disciple of Jesus Christ characterized. John xxi. 20. "The
Disciple whom Jesus loved." On the decease of the Rev. Dr. Mayhew,
of Boston, 1766.

St. John's Vision of the Woman clothed with the Sun, etc. Rev. xii. 1-5.
'' And there appeared a great wonder in heaven, a woman clothed with
the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve
stars," etc. In Boston, on the decease of the Rev. Dr. Mayhew, 1766.

A Call from Macedonia. Acts xvi. 9, 10. "And a vision appeared to
Paul in the night ; there stood a man of Macedonia, and prayed him,
saying, come over into Macedonia, and help us. And after he had seen
the vision, immediately we endeavored to go into Macedonia, assuredly
gathering that the Lord had called us for to preach the Gospel unto
them." In Hinffham, at the Ordination of the Rev. Caleb Gannett
over a church in Nova Scotia, 1768.

The Devotions of God's People adjusted to the Dispensations of his Provi-
dence. Jer. xxxi. 7. " For thus saith the Lord, sing with gladness for
Jacob, and shout among the chief of the nations : publish ye, praise ye,
and say, O Lord, save thy people, and the remnant of Israel." Thanks-
giving sermon, Hin^ham, 1770.

The Old Man's Calendar. A discourse delivered in Hingham, Aug. 26,
1781, the birth-day of the author. Joshua, xiv. 10. "And now, lo, I
am this day fourscore and five years old." Boston. Printed by John
Boyle in Marlborough Street, MD.CCLXXXI.

This discourse has been twice reprinted, first at Salem, Mass.,
by John D. Cushing and Brothers, in 1822 ; and again in Hingham
by Jedidiah Farmer, in May, 1846. In a prefatory note to the
edition published at Salem it is said that the Discourse " met with
so much favor from the public, that it was reprinted not only in
this country, but also in England and Holland, being translated
into the Dutch language."

Copies of the Discourses of Dr. Gay are all scarce and desirable.
No one of the number can be considered as being abundant.
Though specimens of each have severally been examined in the
preparation of the list, a complete series has been found but in
two or three instances, and these in public institutions. The
number of private individuals in possession of an unbroken col-
lection must be very limited.

Sydney Howard Gay.

Born in Hingham, May 22, 1814 ; educated at Derby Academy
and Harvard College ; lecturing-agent of the American Anti-Slavery

206 History of H Ingham.

Society, 1843-44 ; editor of " The National Anti-Slavery Standard,"
New York, from 1844 to 1858; editorial writer on "The New
York Tribune," 1858-62; managing-editor of "The New York
Tribune," 1862-66 ; managing-editor of " The Chicago Tribune,"
1868-71 ; on the editorial staff of " The New York Evening Post,"
1872-74. Contributed articles and reviews to the " New York
Critic," "New York Times," "London Spectator," "Atlantic
Monthly," and other standard periodicals, chiefly of late years
on historical subjects ; also to our local newspaper in 1842-43.
Besides his anti-slavery speeches Mr. Gay delivered several lec-
tures, among them one on Toussaint I/Ouverture, and one on
Landscape Gardening. Died in New Brighton, Staten Island,
June 25^ 1888.

His published works include, —

Our Old Burial Grounds.

A church-yard
Besprinkled o'er with green and countless graves
And mossy tombs of unambitious pomp,
Decaying into dust again. — R. Montgomery.

Hingham. Published for the Cemetery Fair, held Wednesday, Aug. 17,
1842. S. N. Dickinson, Printer, Washington Street, Boston. Con-
tains Plan of the Burying Place sold by Joshua Tucker to persons
therein named. (Copies are rare.)

During the winter, after the great fire of October, 1871, Mr.
Gay acted with the Chicago Relief Committee and in the follow-
ing spring wrote a report of their great work of the preceding six
months, which with certain additions by another hand bringing
it up to date, formed the octavo volume entitled, —

Report of the Chicago Relief and Aid Society of the disbursement of Con-
tributions for the Sufferers by the Chicago Fire. Printed for the Chicago
Aid and Relief Society, at the Riverside Press. 1874.

A Popular History of the United States, from the first discovery of the
Western Hemisphere by the Northmen to the end of the Civil War.
Preceded by a sketch of the Pre-historic Period and the Age of the
Mound- Builders. By William Cullen Bryant and Sydney Howard Gay.
New York. Charles Scribner's Sons. 1881. 4 vols. Royal octavo.
Fully illustrated.

Mr. Gay was invited to undertake this work at the request of
Mr. Bryant, who gave it the sanction of his name and his careful
perusal before publication, besides contributing the " Introduc-
tion" to Vol. I. He died after the completion of Vol. II., and
Mr. Gay became thereafter solely responsible for the book. He
received able assistance from well-known writers whom he men-
tions in his " Preface " to Vol. II. and his " Introductory " to
Vol. IV. ; but the authorship was mainly his, and he edited the
whole.

James Madison. For the American Statesman Series, edited by John T.
Morse, Jr. Boston. Houghton, Mifflin, and Company. New York.
The Riverside Press, Cambridge. 1884.

Publications. 207

Chapter on Amerigo Vespucci for Vol. II. (copyright 1886) of the Nar-
rative and Critical History of America ; edited by Justin Winsor,
Librarian of Harvard University, Corresponding Secretary Massachu-
setts Historical Society. Boston and New York. Houghton, Mifflin,
and Company. The Riverside Press, Cambridge. 1889. In seven
volumes, royal octavo.

Mr. Gay wrote constantly for the press for nearly forty years.
To this work he brought good judgment, delicate discrimination,
and nice taste, giving a high literary quality to his articles not dis-
tinctively journalistic. The same conscientiousness which formed
the manner decided the matter of his writings. Their moral
purpose was the service he did for his day and generation.
Debarred from pursuing his chosen profession, that of the law,
from his unwillingness to take the oath supporting a Constitution
which recognized slavery, he threw himself with enthusiasm,
while still young, into the anti-slavery cause under the leadership
of Garrison. The love of freedom and moral courage which in-
duced this step directed his course later as managing editor of
" The New York Tribune." Henry Wilson said of him, " The
man deserved well of his country who kept ' The Tribune ' a war
paper in spite of Greeley."

Mr. Gay came naturally by his radical turn of thought, by his
independence, courage, strong moral convictions, and good fight-
ing qualities ; for in his veins ran the blood of John Cotton and
the Mathers, Nehemiah Walter and Ebenezer Gay, among the
divines of Colonial New England, and Governor Bradford and
James Otis among those who shaped her political fortunes.

Martin Gay.

He was born in Boston, Feb. 11, 1803. His father, Hon.
Ebenezer Gay, moved to Hingham when Martin was very young,
and many years of his life were spent in Hingham. He was dis-
tinguished as a chemist, and his reputation was established in
Europe as well as in this country. The family have in their
possession a genuine Etruscan vase which was presented to him
by the Pope's librarian, Medici Spada. Dr. Gay died in Bos-
ton, May 15, 1850.

A Statement of the Claims of Charles T. Jackson to the Discovery of the
Applicability of Sulphuric Ether to the Prevention of pain in Surgical
Operations. Boston. Printed by David Clapp. 1847. Pamphlet.
29 pp. and an Appendix.

Benjamin Gleason.

An Oration pronounced before the Republican Citizens of the Town of
Hingham, in commemoration of American Independence, July 4, 1807.
Boston. Printed by Hosea Sprague. 1807. (Copies are rare.)

208 History of Hingham.

Edward Everett Hale.

Sermon at the Installation of Rev. Edward Augustus Morton as associate
Pastor with Rev. Calvin Lincoln, of the First Parish in Ilinghani,
April 25, 1877. Included in the pamphlet, "Services at the Installa-
tion." Hiugham. Published by the Parish. 1877.

James Hall.

Born in Hingham, September 12, 1811, and attended the gram-
mar school at Hingham Centre, James S. Lewis being at the time
teacher. The course of action pursued by the young scholar
foreshadowed the man. His only way to success was through
personal effort. During one of the winters an evening school
was established in the village, which he obtained the means to
attend by manual labor between school hours and on Satur-
day afternoons. Determined on an education, he went to Troy,
N. Y., and there entered the Rensselaer school, graduating in 183*2.
He remained in this institution as assistant professor of chemistry
and natural science until 1836, when he was made professor of
geology. The same year he was appointed assistant geologist for
the survey of the second district of the State of New York, and
in 1837 was made State geologist in charge of the fourth district.
Retaining the title of State geologist, he was placed in charge of
the palaeontological part of the work. His results have been em-
bodied in five volumes, which were given to the public, 1847-79.
His researches have been extended westward to the Rocky Moun-
tains. Professor Hall also held the appointments of State geologist
of Iowa in 1855 and of Wisconsin in 1857. The examination and
description of the specimens collected for the government have
been frequently assigned to him. In 1866 he was appointed
director of the New York State Museum, which place, in addi-
tion to that of State geologist, he still holds. In connection with
this office he has made each year in his annual reports valuable
contributions to science.

He received the degree of A. M. from Union and that of LL.D.
from Hamilton in 1863, and from McGill in 1884, and from Har-
vard in 1886. Professor Hall received the quinquennial grand
prize of -f 1,000 awarded in 1884 by the Boston Society of Natural
History. In 1856 he was elected president of the American Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science, and in 1878 was one of
the vice-presidents of the international congress of geologists held
in Paris ; also at Bologna in 1881 and in Berlin in 1885. He was
elected one of the fifty foreign members of the Geological Society
of London in 1848, and in 1858 was awarded the Wollaston medal.
In 1884 he was elected correspondent of the Academy of Sciences
in Paris. He also is a member of many other scientific societies
at home and abroad.

His more prominent publications include, —

Publications. 209

Geology of New York. Part IV., comprising the survey of the Fourth
Geological District, pp. 682. Maps and plates. Albany. 1843. 4to.
Fremont's Exploring Expedition. Appendix A. Geological formations,
pp. 295-303. B. Organic Remains, pp. 304-310. 4 Plates. Wash-
ington. 1845. 8vo.

Palaeontology of New York. Vol.1, pp. xxiii, 338. Plates, 100. Albany.
1847. 4to.

Report on the Geology of the Lake Superior Land District. By J. W.
Foster and J. D. Whitney. Lower Silurian System. Chapter 9. pp.
140-151. Washington. 1851. 8vo. Upper Silurian and Devonian
Series. Ibid. Chapter 10. pp. 152-166. Descriptions of New and
Rare Species of Fossils from the Palaeozoic Series. Ibid. Chap-
ter 13. pp. 203-231. Parallelism of the Palaeozoic Deposits of Europe
and America. Ibid. Chapter 18. pp. 285-318.

Stansbury's Expedition to the Great Salt Lake. Geology and Palaeon-
tology, pp. 401-414. Philadelphia. 1852. 8vo.

Palaeontology of New York. Vol. II. pp. viii, 362. 104 plates. Albany.
1852. 4to.

United States and Mexican Boundary Survey (Emory). Geology and
Palaeontology of the Boundary, pp. 103, 140. 20 plates. Washing-
ton. 1857. 4to. Also published in American Journal of Science, 2d
Ser. See vol. 24. pp. 72-86. New Haven. 1857.

Geological Survey of the State of Iowa. Vol. I., Part I. Hall and Whit-
ney. General Geology. Chapter II. pp. 35-44.

Geology of Iowa. General Reconnoissance. Chapter III. pp. 45, 46.
Part II. Palaeontology of Iowa. Chapter VIII. pp. 473-724. 29
plates. Albany. 1858. 4to.

Contributions to the Palaeontology of Iowa, being descriptions of new
species of Crinoidea and other fossils (supplement to Vol I., Part II.
of the Geological Report of Iowa), pp. 1-92. 3 plates. Albany.
1859.

Iowa Geological Survey. Supplement to Vol. I., Part II. pp. 1-4.
1859. 4to.

Palaeontology of New York. Vol. III., Part I., text. pp. xii, 522.
Albany. 1859. 4to.

Supplement to Vol. I. Published in Palaeontology of New York. Vol.
III. pp. 495-529. Albany. 1859. 4to.

Palaeontology of New York. Vol. III., Part II. 141 plates, and ex-
planations. Albany. 1861. 4to.

Report on the Geological Survey of the State of Wisconsin. Vol. I.
James Hall and J. D. Whitney. Madison. 1862. 8vo. Chapter I.
Physical Geography and General Geology, pp. 1-72. Chapter IX.
Palaeontology of Wisconsin, pp. 425-448.

Geological Survey of Canada. Figures and Descriptions of Canadian Or-
ganic Remains. Decade II. Graptolites of the Quebec Group. 151
pages. 23 plates. Montreal. 1865. 8vo. and 4to.

Palaeontology of New York. Vol. IV., Part I. pp. xi, 428. 69 plates.
Albany. 1867. 4to.

Geological Survey of the State of Wisconsin, 1859-1863. Palaeontology.
Part HI. Organic Remains of the Niagara Group and Associated Lime-
stones, pp. 1-94. 18 plates. Albany. 1871. 4to.

Geological Survey of Ohio. Vol. II. Geology and Palaeontology. Part
II. Palaeontology. Columbus. 1875. 8vo.
vol. i. — 14*

210 History of Hingham.

Descriptions of Silurian Fossils. James Hall and R. P. Whitfield. Ibid,
pp. 65-161. Descriptions of Crinoidea from the Waverly Group.
James Hall and R. P. Whitfield. Ibid. pp. 162-179.

Illustrations of Devonian Fossils. 7 pages. 133 plates, with interleaved
descriptions. Albany. 1876. 4to.

United States Geological Exploration of the Fortieth Parallel. Clarence
King. Vol. IV. Ornithology and Palaeontology. Part II. Palaeon-
tology. James Hall and R. P. Whitfield, pp. 199-302. 7 plates.
Washington. 1877. 4to.

Palaeontology of New York. Vol. V., Part II. Text, pp. xx, 492.
Plates 12U. Albany. 1879. 4to.

In addition to these volumes, more than two hundred and fifty
scientific papers have been published in reports, transactions of
societies, journals, and magazines by this distinguished author, —
an amount of scientific labor believed to be unparalleled, if equalled,
by any other American scientist. A vigorous constitution, long
life, strict economy of time, and persistent effort have won for
him a degree of success and worthy distinction, for the attain-
ing of which every citizen of his native town will join in cordial
congratulation.

Phebe A. Hanaford.

The Reciprocal Duties of Pastor and People. Sermon delivered in the
First Universalist Church, Hingham, Mass., March 10, 1867. Pub-
lished by request. Boston. Printed by S. 0. Thayer. 1867.

Alonzo Hill.

A Discourse delivered in the ancient Meeting-house of the First Con-
gregational Society in Hingham, on Sunday, Sept. 8, 1850. Boston.
William Crosby and H. P. Nichols. 1850.

Timothy Hilliard.

Pastor of the First Church in Cambridge, Mass.

A Sermon preached Oct. 24, 1787, at the Ordination of the Rev. Henry
Ware to the Pastoral Care of the First Church in Hingham, including
" the Charge, by the Rev. Mr. Brown, of Cohasset, and the Right
Hand of Fellowship, by the Rev. Mr. Shute, of Hingham." Salem.
Printed by Dabney and Gushing. 1788.

Noah Hobart.

A Sermon delivered at the ordination of the Rev. Mr. Noah Welles at
Stanford, Dec. 31, 1746. Printed at Boston. 1747.

There is authority for other published discourses and addresses.

Edward C. Hood.

Christmas Sermon preached in the Congregational Church, Hingham Cen-
tre, Dec. 26, 1880. Text. Matthew ii. 9. " And lo, the star which they
saw in the east went before them, till it came and stood over where
the young child was."

Publications. 211

Edward Augustus Horton.

Services at the Installation of Rev. Edward Augustus Horton as Associate
Pastor with Rev. Calvin Lincoln, of the First Parish in Hingham,
April 25, 1877. With sermon of Rev. Edward Everett Hale. Hingham.
Published by the Parish, 1877.

Sermon before the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Massa-
chusetts, by Rev. Edward A. Horton of Hingham, June 2, 1879. " The
Law of Fulfilment : " "I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil." Matt.
v. 17. Published with the Anniversary Proceedings, and the Two Hun-
dred and Forty-first annual record of the company. 1878-79.

Address of Rev. Edward A. Horton of the Second Church in Boston at
the commemorative services of the First Parish in Hingham on the Two
Hundredth Anniversary of The Building of its Meeting- House, Monday,
Aug. 8, 1881. pp. 67 to 68, inch Hingham. Published by the
Parish. 1882.

Address at the Funeral Services of Rev. Calvin Lincoln, Sept. 18, 1881.

Our Martyred President. Lessons from the Life of James A. Garfield.
A sermon preached in the Second Church, Boston, Sunday, Sept. 25,
1881, by the Minister, Rev. Edward A. Horton.

Discourse delivered to the First Parish in Hingham on the Two Hun-
dredth Anniversary of the opening of its Meeting-house for Public
Worship. Sunday, Jan. 8, 1882. By Rev. Edward Augustus Horton.
With an Appendix. Hingham. Published by the Parish. 1882.

The following sermons and addresses by Mr. Horton were
delivered prior to his settlement in Hingham : —

From Shore to Shore. A Sermon preached at the First Congregational
(Unitarian) Church. Leominster, Feb. 27, 1870. By Edward A.
Horton, Minister of the Society. Printed by request. Fitchburg.
1870.

Discourse preached at the Funeral Services of Captain Lucien A. Cook,
Co. K Leominster Light Infantry. On Sunday, March 16, 1873, at
Leominster, Mass. Printed at Fitchburg.

Address delivered by Rev. E. A. Horton, of Leominster, at Brookfield,
Memorial Day, May 30, 1873. Springfield, Mass.

An Historical Address. Commemorating the Semi-Centennial Anniver-
sary of the Dedication of the First Congregational Meeting- House, in
Leominster. Delivered Wednesday, Oct. 15, 1873. By E. A. Horton,
Pastor of the First Congregational (Unitarian) Society. Published by
a vote of the Parish.

Seven Years in Leominster. A Sermon commemorating the termination
of a seven years' Pastorate Oct. 1, 1875, over the Unitarian Church
(First Parish) in Leominster, most affectionately dedicated to his former
Parishioners, whose unfailing kindness the following tribute but partially
recognizes. By E. A. Horton. Published by request.

Sereno Howe.

View of Zion. A Sermon preached on the last Sabbath of his Pastoral
Connection with the First Baptist Church and Society in Hingham,
Mass. Published by request. Boston. J. Howe, Printer. 1850.

212 History of Hingham.

William Asbury Kenyon.

William A. Kenyon was a son of John Kingman. He died at
South Hingham, Jan. 25, 18G2, aet. 44 years. The adopted name
was sanctioned by legal enactment.

Poetry of Observation and other Poems. Boston. Wm. Crosby and H.

P. Nichols. 1851. 104 pp. 12mo.
The Poetry of Observation. Part Second, and other Poems. By William

Asbury Kenvon, a Massachusetts Mechanic. Boston. Wm. Crosby

and H. P. Nichols. 1853. 12mo. 104 pp.

Daniel Kimball.

A Sermon delivered before the Hingham Peace Society, Dec. 2, 1819.

Pamphlet. 8vo. pp. 12. Boston. 1819.
Thoughts on Unitarian Christianity. A Sermon preached Sept. 27, 1829.

before the First Unitarian Society in Milton. Pamphlet. 8vo. pp. 16.

Dedham. 1829. See Henry Colman.

John Kingman.

Letters written while on a Tour to Illinois and Wisconsin in the summer
of 1838. Hingham. Jedidiah Farmer, Printer. 1842. Pamphlet.
48 pp.

S. R. KOEHLER.

Biographical Memoir of the late Mr. Joseph Andrews, Engraver. Pub-
lished by the Boston Art Club, May 17, 1873. Pamphlet. 8vo.
pp. 21.

Daniel Lewis.

Among his published discourses are the two following : —

Of taking Heed to and Fulfilling the Ministry. Sermon preached in Ply-
mouth, Nov. 2, 1720, at the Ordination of Rev. Joseph Stacy. [Pre-
face by Rev. Ephraim Little.] pp. 32. Boston. 1720.

Good Rulers the Fathers of their People. Election Sermon, 1748.
Text, Isaiah xxii. 21. pp. 29. Boston. 1748.

Barnabas Lincoln.

Narrative of the Capture, Suffering, and Escape of Captain Barnabas
Lincoln and his crew, who were taken by a piratical schooner, December,
1821, off Key Largo, together with Facts illustrating the character of
those piratical cruisers. Written by himself. Boston. Printed by Ezra
Lincoln, No. 4 Suffolk Building, Congress Street. 1822. Pamphlet,
pp. 40. (Scarce.)

Major-General Benjamin Lincoln.

Journal of a Treaty held in 1793 with the Indian Tribes northwest of
the Ohio. Mass. Historical Collection Vol. V. 3d Series. Also same,
Vol. IV. 1st Series ; and Vol. III. 2d Series.

General Lincoln also wrote several articles for periodicals,
which were printed.

Publications. 213

Calvin Lincoln.

A Sermon preached on the morning of the Annual Fast, April 3, 1834.
Published by request.

A Sermon to Young Men, delivered at Fitchburg, Feb. 22, 1835. Pub-
lished by request.

Evils of Sectarianism. A Sermon preached at Fitchburg, Sunday April
9, 1843. Printed by request. Fitchburg. Published by Charles
Shepley. 1843.

A Sermon preached in the Meeting-house of the First Parish in Hingham,
Jan. 8, 1865, the Sunday after the Funeral of Mrs. Elizabeth Andrews
Harding. Hingham. Blossom and Easterbrook. 1865. N. B. The
deceased was an only daughter of the Pastor.

A Discourse on the Lite and Character of Rev. Ezra Stiles Gannett, D.D.,
delivered in the Meeting-house of the First Parish in Hingham, on
Sunday, Sept. 3, 1871. Printed by request. Boston. 1871. Barker,
Cotter & Co., Printers.

Discourse delivered to the First Parish in Hingham, Sept. 8, 1869, on the
Re-opening of their Meeting-house, with an Appendix. Hingham.
Published by (he Parish. 1 873.

George Lincoln (born 1797).

The Pilgrims' Songs in the Wilderness. A book of Hymns. By George
Lincoln, Jr. Published for the author, April, 1821. 16mo. pp. 32.
Copies are rare.

George Lincoln (born 1822).

A Genealogical Record of the Families of Hingham, beginning with the
settlement of the town, Sept. 2, 1635. In two volumes. 8vo. (Vol-
umes II. and III. of this History.)

By George Lincoln and Fearing Burr, associates : —

The Town of Hingham in the late Civil War, with Sketches of its Soldiers
and Sailors. Also the Address and other Exercises at the Dedication
of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Published by order of the
Town. 1876. 8vo. pp. 455.

Henry Lincoln.

A Sermon preached at the Ordination of the Rev. Nymphas Hatch to the
Pastoral Care of the First Church and Society in Tisbury (Martha's
Vineyard), Oct. 7, 1801. Boston. January, 1802.

A Sermon delivered, Sept. 14, 1806, at the Interment of Mrs. Rachel
Smith. 8vo. pp. 19. Boston. 1806.

Levi Lincoln.

A son of Enoch and Rachel (Fearing) Lincoln. He was born in
Hingham, May 15, 1749. After graduating at Harvard College, in
1772, he settled at Worcester, Mass., where he soon became dis-
tinguished as a lawyer and judge ; was later a member of Con-
gress, acting Governor, etc. "A Farmer's Letters," written by
him, and published in 1800 and 1801, were widely circulated, and

214 History of Hingham.

busied the press of that period with efforts to answer their argu-
ments. Addressed " To The People," and issued by numbers,
with prefatory remarks, but without the author's name.

Solomon Lincoln (born 180-i).

Solomon Lincoln, Jr. (born in Hingham, Feb. 28, 1804) was a
son of Solomon, who died Dec. 21,1831. The "junior" there-
fore was discontinued after the last-named date. Mr. Lincoln
was a man of large mental endowments, and a ready writer. For
many years he made valuable contributions to the columns of our
local newspaper, and during its earlier years was the real editor.
His interest in this direction was maintained to the last of his
life. He died Dec. 1, 1881.

As a historian and genealogist he was regarded as the highest
authority. His numerous obituary notices, especially, bear testi-
mony to a degree of biographical information possessed by few
individuals.

An Oration delivered before the Citizens of Hingham. on the Fourth of
July, 1826. By Solomon Lincoln, Jr. Hingham. Published by Caleb
Gill, Jr., Crocker and Brewster, Printers. 1826.

History of the Town of Hingham, Plymouth County, Mass. By Solo-
mon Lincoln, Jr. Hingham. Caleb Gill, Jr., and Farmer and Brown.
1827. (Long out of print and valuable.)

Sketch of Nantasket (now called Hull), in the County of Plymouth.
16mo. pp. 16. Hingham. 1830.

An Oration pronounced at Plymouth at the request of the Young Men
of that town on the Centennial Anniversary of the Birth Day of George
Washington. Plymouth, Mass. Printed by Allen Danforth. 1832.

An Oration delivered before the Citizens of the town of Quincy, on the
Fourth of July, 1835, the fifty-ninth anuiversary of the Independence
of the United States of America. Hingham. Jedidiah Farmer. 1835.

An Address delivered before the Citizens of the Town of Hingham, on the
28th of September, 1835, being the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the
Settlement of the Town. Hingham. Jedidiah Farmer. 1835. Pam-
phlet. 63 pp. Supplement, with valuable Historical Notes, and an
Appendix, containing the names of Committees, Marshals, and other
particulars connected with the occasion. (Copies are rare.)

Notes of the Lincoln Families of Massachusetts, with some account of the
Family of Abraham Lincoln, late President of the United States. Re-
print from the Historical and Genealogical Register for October, 1865.
Boston. David Clapp and Son, printers. Pamphlet.

Memoir of the Rev. Charles Brooks. Reprinted from the Proceedings
of the Massachusetts Historical Society. [With portrait.] 1880.
Cambridge. John Wilson and Son. University Press.

Solomon Lincoln (born 1838).

Oration delivered at the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the
settlement of the Town of Hingham, Mass., Sept. 15, 1885. pp. 40
to 72, inclusive. Published with the Exercises of the occasion by the
Committee of Arrangements. Hingham. 1885. 8vo. pp.134.

Publications. 215

Henry Maurice Lisle.

An Oration delivered at Hingham in compliance with the request of a
number of the inhabitants, on Saturday, Feb. 22, 1800, the anniversary
of the birth, and the day appointed by the Government of the United
States for Public National Mourning for the death of the father of
his country and friend of mankind, General George Washington. Bos-
ten. Printed by John Russell. 1800. This oration was delivered in
Derby Hall, and was addressed to " My much respected friends and
fellow-townsmen." Pamphlet, pp. 22. 8vo. It contains three ap-
propriate illustrations. (Scarce.)

An oration before the Union Lodge, Dorchester, June 24, 1807. Pam-
phlet, pp. 15.

An Address delivered before the Roxbury Charitable Societies, Sept. 19,
1808. Pamphlet, pp. 18.

John Davis Long.

" Bites of a Cherry." Boston. Lee and Shepard. 1872. 12mo. pp. 74.

Poems. Published for private distribution.
The Aeneid of Virgil. Translated into English. Boston. Lockwood,

Brooks & Co. 1879. And a second edition, 1881. pp. 431.
Address of His Excellency, John D. Long, to the Two Branches of the

Legislature of Massachusetts, Jan. 7, 1880. Boston. Rand, Avery, &

Co., Printers to the Commonwealth, 117 Franklin Street. 1880. 8vo.

pp. 40. (Senate Doc. No. 1.)
Annual Address before the Legislature of Massachusetts, Jan. 6. 1881.

8vo. pp. 58. Rand, Avery, & Co., Printers. (Senate Doc. No. 1.)
Oration of Gov. John D. Long before the Grand Army Posts of Suffolk

County, at Tremont Temple, Memorial Day, May 30, 1881. With Ode

by Col. Thomas W. Higginson. Boston. Lockwood, Brooks, & Co.

1881. 8vo. pp. 28.

Annual Address before the Legislature, Jan. 5, 1882. 8vo. pp. 36.

Rand, Avery, & Co., Printers. (Senate Doc. No. 1.)
Memorial Day Exercises at Riverside Cemetery, Winchendon, including

the Oration of His Excellency John D. Long, May 30, 1882. 8vo.

pp. 25.
Oration delivered before the City Council and Citizens of Boston, July 4,

1882. By His Excellency, John D. Long. Boston. Printed by order
of the City Council. MDCCCLXXXII. 8vo. pp. 43.

" The Whiskey Tax." Speech by Hon. John D. Long, of Massachusetts, in

the House of Representatives at Washington, D. C, Tuesday, March 25,

1884. Pamphlet. 8vo. pp. 8.
" Interstate Commerce." Speech of Hon. John D. Long of Massachusetts

in the House of Representatives, Dec. 3, 1884. Washington, D. C.

1884. Pamphlet. 8vo. pp. 16.
■" Songs of the Pilgrims." Speech of Hon. John D. Long (and others) at

the sixty-ninth Annual Festival of the New England Society of New

York, Monday evening, Dec. 22, 1884, at Delmonico's, Madison Square.

8vo. pp. 23 to 32, inclusive.
Address at the Dedication of the Wallace Library and Art Building, July

1, 1885, Fitchburg, Mass. Bound volume.
Address of Hon. John D. Long, President, at the Celebration of the Two

216 History of Hingham.

Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the Settlement of the Town of
Hingham, Mass., Sept. 15, 1885. Published by the Committee of
Arrangements, pp. 76 to 82, inclusive.

Oration delivered in the Methodist Episcopal Church, Maiden, at the Dedi-
cation of the Converse Memorial Building, Oct. 1, 1885, with other
Exercises. Boston. Alfred Mudge and Son, Printers, 24 Franklin
Street. 1886. 8vo.

" No Distinction of Sex in the Right to Vote." Address delivered at Mel-
rose, Oct. 20, 1885. Pamphlet, pp. 4. Double column.

Address at Middletown, Conn., Oct. 22, 1885.

Speech on Silver Coinage, delivered in the House of Representatives by
Hon. John D. Long of Massachusetts. Washington, I). O, March 27,
1886. Government Printing Otlice. 1886. 8vo. pp.10.

"Use and Abuse of the Veto Power." The Forum. Nov. 1887.

Address on presentation of the portraits of ex-Speakers Sedgwick, Varnum,
and Banks in the House of Representatives, Washington, D. C, Jan.
19, 1888. Published by order of Congress.

Young People's History of the United States. For chapters written by
Hon. John D. Long, see John Ada.ms, Rutherford Hayes, and Mil-
lard Filmore. 1888.

Speech on the French Spoliation Claim in the House of Representatives
at Washington, Aug. 4, 1888. By Hon. John D. Long, of Massachusetts.

Address of Hon. John D. Long, President of the Republican State Con-
vention of Massachusetts, at Tremont Temple, Boston, Wednesday,
Sept. 12, 1888. Boston. Press of Emery and Hughes, 146 Oliver
Street. Pamphlet. 8vo. pp. 15.

Address at the Harvard Republican meeting, held at Tremont Temple,
Boston, Friday evening, Nov. 2, 1888.

Address of Hon. John D. Long, ex-Governor of Massachusetts, M. C, at
the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Law and Order Society of the city
of Philadelphia, held in the Academy of Music, Feb. 21, 1889.

Mr. Long has delivered a great number of addresses, orations,
and speeches which are not included among the foregoing, besides
being a frequent contributor to the press upon topics of national
interest, or of political or local importance.

Jerome Loring.

Jerome Loring, son of Jonathan, was born in Hingham, Oct.
20, 1792, and graduated at Brown University in 1813. He taught
in one of the schools at Hingham Centre for some years, about
1820, and afterwards went South, — Mr. Lincoln, in his History
of Hingham, says to Delaware, — and died early. As a teacher,
he was eminently successful, and greatly esteemed.

An Oration pronounced at Hingham, July 4, 1815, in Commemoration of
American Independence. Boston. Priuted by Rowe and Hooper at the
Yankee Office. 1815. (Rare.)

An Address delivered in Hingham. Jan. 12, A. L. 5821, at the Installation
of the Officers of Old Colony Lodge.

In Faith and Hope the world will disagree ;
But all mankind's concern is charity.

Publications. 217

Published at the request of the Lodge. Boston : Printed by J. T.
Buckingham. 1821. (Rare.)

Thomas Loring.

Speech in the House of Representatives of Massachusetts, March 20, 1839,
upon the Bill granting further aid in the construction of the Western
Railroad. Published by request of the Committee of the Stockholders
of the Western Railroad. Boston. Printed by Ezra Lincoln. 1839.

Samuel J. May.

Minister of the Second Parish in Scituate, Mass.

A Sermon preached at Hingham, March 19, 1837, being the Sunday after
the death of Mrs. Cecilia Brooks. Printed by request, not published.
Hingham. Press of J. Farmer. 1837. A prefatory note states that
" this sermon is not published. Its author and Mr. Brooks have con-
sented, not without great hesitation, to the printing of a few copies."

The deceased was wife of the Rev. Charles Brooks, Pastor of
the Third Congregational Society in Hingham. A brief sketch
of her family history is appended. (Rare.)

Henry Adolphus Miles.

Natural theology as a Study in Schools. (Amer. Inst, of Instruction.

Lectures.) 1839.
Fidelity to our political idea our best national defence. Discourse before

the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, June 5, 1843. Boston.

1843. 8vo. pp. 24.
A Thanksgiving Discourse preached in the South Congregational Church,

Lowell, Nov. 30, 1843.
Lowell as it was and as it is. pp. 234. 16mo. Lowell. 1845.
God's Commandments and Man's Tradition. 1846.
Ireland's Wants. A Sermon preached at Lowell, Feb. 21, 1847.
The Gospel Narratives. Their Origin, Peculiarities, and Transmission.

Boston. 1848. 12mo. pp. 118.~
Life and Character of Rev. Joseph C. Smith. A Discourse delivered in

Channing Church, Newton, Sunday, March 28, 1858.
Traces of Picture Writing in the Bible. 1870. pp. 185. 12mo. Cloth.
Grains of Gold. Compiled from Dr. Bartol's writings.
Words of a Friend, on the Foundation, Difficulties, Helps, and Triumphs

of a Religious Life. 1870. 12mo. pp. 210. Boston. Nichols and

Noyes. A collection of twenty sermons.
Birth of Jesus. 12mo. pp. 211. Boston. Lockwood and Company.

1878.
Thoughts Selected from the Writings of the Rev,, William E. Channing,

D.D. Boston. Fourteenth thousand. 1880.
Altar at Home.

218 History of Hingham.

Mary Miles.

" Charles Liston, or Self Denial. A Tale for Youth." Hingham. C. and
E. B. Gill. 1834. Jedidiah Farmer, Printer. 12mo. pp. 36. The
author's name does not appear on the title-page. See notice in the
"Hingham Gazette " of May 9, 1834.

John F. Moors.

A Discourse preached at the funeral of Mr. Luther B. Lincoln in the
Unitarian Church in Deerfield, May 13, 1855. By John F. Moors,
Pastor.

Andrews Norton.

His published works are numerous and important, and in-
clude : —

A Discourse on Religious Education, at Derby Academy, Hingham, 1818.
Inaugural Address delivered before the University in Cambridge, Aug. 10,

1819.
Thoughts on True and False Religion, 1820.
Address at the funeral of Levi Frisbie, 1822.
Memoir of Levi Frisbie, 1823.
Review of Trustees' Address, 1823.
Speech before the Overseers of Harvard College, 1825, and others.

He edited the " Miscellaneous Writings of Charles Eliot," 1814 ;
" The Poems of Mrs. Hemans," 1826 ; and " The General Reposi-
tory and Review," 1812-13, four volumes in all. He was also con-
nected with the " Select Journal of Foreign Periodical Litera-
ture," and a contributor to the " Literary Miscellany," Cambridge,
1804-05, "Monthly Anthology," "Christian Disciple," "North
American Review," and " Christian Examiner."

A Statement of Reasons for not believing the Doctrines of Trinitarians
concerning the Nature of God, and the Person of Christ. 1833. First
edition.

The thirteenth edition, with Additions and a Biographical
Notice of the author was published, in 1882, by the American
Unitarian Association.

The Evidences of the Genuineness of the Gospels. First volume issued
in 1837.

In 1844 appeared the second and third volumes of this great
work, " completing the important and laborious investigation
which had occupied him for many years."

" With the exception of his volume ' Tracts on Christianity,'
composed chiefly of the larger essays and discourses which had
before appeared in a separate form, this was his last published
book."

An abridged edition of " The Evidences of the Genuineness of the Gos-
pels," in one volume, was published in 1880, by the American Unitarian
Association. 12mo. cloth, pp. 584.

Publications. 219

This work was pronounced " a magnificent monument of erudi-
tion, logic, and taste ; one of the noblest specimens of scholarship
and elegance of composition to be found in our youthful litera-
ture." An edition was also published in London.

On the Latest Forms of Infidelity, Annual Discourse before the Alumni
of the Divinity School, Cambridge, 1839.

Tracts Concerning Christianity. 8vo. Cambridge. 1852.

A Translation of the Gospels, with Notes. 1855. 2 vols. 8vo. Posthu-
mous. Edited from the Author's Manuscript by his son.

The Internal Evidence of the Genuineness of the Gospels ; in two parts.
Part Second: Portions of an unfinished work. Boston. 1855. 8vo.
Posthumous.

He was also the author of the well-known " Lines written after
a Summer Shower," which have been pronounced among the most
beautiful in the language, " and of several hymns, favorites in
our churches, among which may be mentioned the hymn of res-
ignation, beginning with the words, —

' My God! I thank thee; may no thought
E'er deem thy chastisements severe,'

and another, to a friend in bereavement, beginning, —

' O, stay thy tears ; for they are blest
Whose days are passed, whose toil is done,'

ill a like spirit, and similar beauty."

" The few poems of Mr. Norton, in point of exquisite finish, are
unsurpassed and almost unequalled."

Charles Eliot Norton.

Address at the Commemoration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the
building of the Meeting-house of the First Parish in Hingham, Monday,
Aug. 8, 1881. See published volume Commemorative Services.

John Norton.

An Essay Tending to Promote Reformation, By a Brief Sermon Preached
before His Excellency the Governour, the Honorable Council, & Re-
presentatives of the Province of the Massachusetts-Bay in N. E. On
May 26, 1708, which was the Anniversary for election of Her Majesties
Council of this province. By John Norton, Pastor of the Church of Christ
in Hingham. Jer. xiii. 15, 16. Hear ye, and give ear be not proud ;
for the Lord hath spoken. Give glory to the Lord your God, before he
cause darkness, and before your feet stumble upon the dark mountains,
and, while ye look for light, he turn it into the shadow oi death, and
make it gross darkness. Jer. iii. 1, 7, 12. Thou hast played the harlot
with many lovers ; yet return to me, saith the Lord. And I said after
she had done all these things, Turn thou unto me. But she returned
not. And her treacherous sister saw it. Go and proclaim these words
toward the north, and say, Return, thou backsliding Israel, saith the
Lord ; and I will not cause mine anger to fall upon you : for I am mer-
ciful. Mai. iii. 7. Return unto me, and I will return unto you, saith
the Lord of hosts. But ye said, Wherein shall we return ? Boston.

220 History of Hingkam.

Printed by B. Green. Sold by Benj. Eliot at his Shop under the
Town- House. 1708. Pamphlet, pp." 29.

Extremely rare. Indeed, copies of this early election sermon
are among those which are the most difficult to obtain, as not
more than one or two issues are found in the libraries of Boston.

John G. Palfrey.

A Discourse on the Life and Character of the Reverend Henry Ware,
D.D., A. A. S., late Hollis Professor of Divinity in the University of
Cambridge ; pronounced in the First Church in Cambridge, Sept. 28,
1845, with an Appendix. Boston. Wm. Crosby and H. P. Nichols,
January, 1846.

The discourse contains a biographical sketch, and interesting
particulars relating to Dr. Ware's pastorate in Hingham.

Samuel Presbury.

A Sketch of the Evils of Intemperance. A Discourse delivered before the
First Parish in Hingham, on Thursday, April 8, 1830, the Day of
Public Fast. Hingham. C. and E. B. Gill. 1830.

Rev. Samuel Presbury was supplying the pulpit during the
temporary absence of the pastor.

Joseph Richardson.

A Discourse addressed to the First Parish in Hingham on the Day of
Fasting, April 5, 1810. Published at the request of the Hearers.
Boston. Printed for Ebenezer French. 1810.

The American Reader. A Selection of Lessons for Reading and Speak-
ing, wholly from American Authors. Designed for the Use of Schools,
pp. 192. 12mo. Boston. 1811.

A second edition followed, and in 1823 a third. The last was
printed and published in Boston by Lincoln and Edmands.

The Young Ladies' Selection of Elegant Extracts from the writings of
Illustrious Females and some of the best Authors of the other sex.
Designed for Academies and Schools. Boston. Printed by John Eliot,
Jr. 1811. pp.204. 12mo. One edition only.

An Oration pronounced July 4, 1812, before the citizens of the County of
Plymouth, on the Anniversary of American Independence. Boston.
True and Rowe, Printers. (Delivered at Hanover, Mass.)

The Christian Patriot Encouraged. A Discourse delivered before the
First Parish in Hingham, on Fast Day, April 8, 1813. Boston. Pub-
lished by Joshua Belcher. 1813.

Christian Catechism for Children and Young Persons. Boston. Lincoln
and Edmands. 1818. Small pamphlet.

A Discourse delivered April 3, 1814, occasioned by the death of Mrs.
Hannah Gill. Boston. Printed by Lincoln and Edmands.

The Progress of Christianity retarded by its Friends. A Sermon de-
livered to the First Parish in Hingham, Lord's Day, Aug. 1, 1824.
Part Second delivered Oct. 17, 1824. Two Sermons, one pamphlet.
Published by request. Boston. J. P. Orcutt. 1824.

Publications. 221

An Oration delivered in the South Parish in Weymouth, July 4, 1828,
beiug the Fifty-second Anniversary of American Independence. Pub-
lished by request of the Committee of Arrangements. Hingham. Press
of Farmer and Brown. 1828.
A Sermon on Conversion, delivered to the First Parish in Hingham,
Lord's Day, July 20, 1828. Published by request. Hingham. Caleb
Gill, Jr. 1828.
The Christian Catechism, containing Answers in Scripture Language to
many Important Questions ; with Prayers and Hymns for Sunday
Schools. By a Friend to Youth. Hingham. Farmer and Brown,
Printers. 1829. Small pamphlet.
A Complaint against the Clergy of the Bay Association, Plymouth County,

Massachusetts. Boston. Printed by Parmenter and Norton. 1818.
A Discourse delivered at Dedham before Constellation Lodge at the

Festival of St. John the Baptist, June 24, A. L. 5820. Dedham.

Printed by H. and W. H. Mann. 1820.
An Address delivered at the Consecration and Installation of Mount Zion

Royal Arch Chapter, in Stoughton, Mass., August 22, A. L. 5821.

Boston. True and Green. 1821.
A Sermon on the Manifestation of God; delivered on Lord's Day, Dec. 8,

1822, in the First Parish in Hingham. Published by request. Boston.

Printed by Ezra Lincoln. 1823.
A Sermon on the Duty and Dignity of Woman ; delivered April 22, 1832.

Hingham. Jedidiah Farmer, Printer. 1833.
Duty of Minister and People. A Sermon delivered March 6, 1836, to

the First Parish in Hingham. Published by request. Hingham. Press

of J. Farmer. 1836.
A Sermon preached in Hingham, Mass., May 14, 1841, the Day of the

National Fast, occasioned by the Death of William Henry Harrison,

President of the United States. Published by request. Hingham.

Jedidiah Farmer, Printer. 1841.
Letter of Rev. Joseph Richardson, Pastor of the First Parish in Hingham,

to his Parish, on the subject of Exchanges of Pulpit Services with the

Ministers of the other Religious Societies in said town. The Reports

of a Committee and the record of the votes of the First Parish thereon ;

and a Correspondence with four of the other Religious Societies in said

Town. Printed for the use of the First Parish. Hingham. Jedidiah

Farmer, Printer. 1847.
Christian Obedience to Civil Government. A Sermon, preached in the

First Parish Church, in Hingham, Feb. 2, 1851. Published by request.

J. Farmer, Printer. 1851.
Address at the Celebration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the In-
corporation of Billerica, Massachusetts, May 29, 1855. Published in

Proceedings of .he occasion. 1855.
A Sermon, in Two Parts, delivered on the Sabbath, June 28, 1856. The

close of the Fiftieth year of his Ministry, as Pastor of the First Church

and Parish in Hingham. Published by request. Hingham. J. Farmer,

Printer. 1856.
A Sermon, Feb. 1, 1863, on his Eighty-sixth Birthday, by the Senior

Pastor of the First Parish in Hingham, Joseph Richardson. Joshua

xiv. 1 0. " And now, lo, I am this day four score and five years old."

This sermon was written by the author, senior pastor of the
First Parish in Ilinorham, Mass., in the last week of his eighty-

222 History of Hingham.

fifth year. In consequence of the failure of sight, at his request
it was read to the congregation, in a very impressive manner, by
the junior pastor, Rev. Calvin Lincoln.

Edward Richmond.
Minister of Stoughton.
A Sermon preached April 15, 1807, to the Scholars of Derby Academy
in Hingham at a Lecture founded by Madam Derby. Boston. Printed
by Munroe and Francis. 1807.

Chandler Robbins.

"A sermon preached after the funeral of Noah Lincoln, who died in Boston
July 31, 1856, aged eighty-four," with added " Genealogical and Bio-
graphical Notes." Boston. Printed by John Wilson and Son, 22
School Street. 1856. 8vo. pp. 40.

Noah Lincoln was a son of David and Elizabeth (Fearing)
Lincoln, and born in Hingham, Aug. 23, 1772.

James Henry Robbins.

Address before the Massachusetts Medical Society at the Annual Meet-
ing, June 14, 1882, on "American Dyspepsia."

Mary Caroline Robbins.

Romance of an Honest Woman, by Victor Cherbuliez. Translation.

The Old Masters of Belgium and Holland, by Eugene Fromentin. Trans-
lation.

Eugene Fromentin, Painter and Writer, by M. Louis Gonse, editor of the
" Gazette des Beaux Arts." Translation. Boston. James R. Osgood
and Company. 1883. Small quarto, pp. 280. with illustrations.

Count Xavier, by Henry Greville. Translation. Boston. Ticknor and
Company. 1887. 12mo. pp. 278.

The Rescue of an Old Place. Boston and New York. Houghton, Mifflin,
and Company. 1892. 12mo. pp. 289.

Also the author of several short tales and poems published in
" Harper's Magazine," the " Atlantic Monthly," " Lippincott's
Magazine," and " Putnam's Magazine."

John Lewis Russell.
Address before the Essex Agricultural Society. Published by order of the
Society, December, 1860.

Thomas Russell.

Oration at the Centennial Anniversary of the Town of Cohasset, May 7,

1870, with other proceedings. Pamphlet. Boston. Wright and Potter,

Printers, 79 Milk Street. 1870. pp. 69.
Address delivered at the Dedication of the Hingham Public Library, July

5, 1869, with an Appendix. Hingham. Published by the Trustees of

the Library. 1871.

Almira Seymour.
Home the Basis of the State, pp. 95. 12mo. Boston. A. Williams
and Company.

Publications. 223

" Miss Seymour was long and favorably known as a teacher in
Boston, and has written hymns and poems for various occasions,
which entitle her to be numbered among the women poets of
the century."

Daniel Shute.

A Sermon preached to the Ancient and Honorable Company in Boston,
New-England, June 1, 1767. Being the Anniversary of their Election
of Officers,, Boston, N. E. Printed and Sold by Edes and Gill in
Queen-Street. MDCCLXVIL

A Sermon preached before his Excellency Francis Bernard, Esqr., Gov-
ernor, His Honor Thomas Hutchinson, Esqr., Lieutenant-Governor, the
Honourable His Majesty's Council, and the Honourable House of Repre-
sentatives of the Province of the Massachusetts-Bay, in New England,
May 25th, 1768. Being the Anniversary for the Election of His Ma-
jesty's Council for said Province. Boston, New-England. Printed by
Richard Draper, Printer to His Excellency the Governor, and the
Honourable His Majesty's Council. MDCCLXVIII. (Very scarce.)

A Sermon delivered at the Meeting-house in the First Parish in Hingham,
March 23, 1787, at the Interment of the Rev. Ebenezer Gay, D. D.,
Pastor of the First Church in Hingham, who died March 18, 1787.
Numbers xxiii. 10. " Let me die the death of the Righteous, and let
my last end be like his." Salem. Printed by Dabney and Cushing.
MDCCLXXXVIII.

By Daniel Shute and Henry Ware, associates : —

A Compendious and Plain Catechism, designed for the Benefit of the
Rising Generation, and Recommended to the attentive Use of Heads
of Families in the Education of their Children, as adapted to improve
them in Piety and Virtue. Printed by Samuel Hall, No. 53 Cornhill,
Boston. 1794. Addressed " to- the Respectable Inhabitants of Hing-
ham." Preface signed by Daniel Shute and Henry Ware.

John Snyder.

Christian and Worldly Contentment. A Sermon delivered in the church
of the Third Parish in Hingham on the Sunday following the Death of
Mr. Thomas F. Whiton, June 9, 1872, by the Pastor. Printed for
private distribution only. Hingham. Joseph Easterbrook. 1872.

Henry E. Spalding.

Homoeopathy as we see it, as the public sees it, as allopathy sees and uses
it. President's Address to the Massachusetts Homoeopathic Medical
Society, April, 1884. Reprinted from the Society's Transactions.
Boston. Franklin Press. Rand, Avery, and Company. 1885.

John Winthrop Spooner.

Address before the Plymouth District Medical Society, at the Annual
Meeting, 1882. " The Relation of the Members of the Massachusetts
Medical Society to Homoeopathy and the Homoeopaths." Boston Medi-
cal and Surgical Journal, Vol. CVII. No. 4.

224 History of Hingham.

Hosea Sprague.

The Genealogy of the Spragues in Hingham, arranged in Chronological
order, to the Fourth Generation, counting from William Sprague, one
of the first Planters in Massachusetts, who arrived at Naumekeag from
England, in the year 1628. To which is prefixed a short account of the
first settlement of this country before the arrival of the Old Charter in
1630. Hingham. Published by Hosea Sprague- 1828. Additions to
the first edition: Ralph Sprague, in Charlestown in 1628, and his
four sons, John, Richard, Phineas, and Samuel, and his daughter Mary.
(Scarce.)

Register and Meteorological Journal in Hingham, Massachusetts, 1830
to 1837, inclusive. Printed at Hingham. Published 1837. Small
pamphlet.

" Hosea Sprague's Chronicle." A small newspaper. Nos. 1 to 5. inclusive.
1842 and 1843. (Complete sets are rare.)

Isaac Sprague.

Son of Isaac and Mary (Burr) Sprague, was born in Hingham,
Sept. 5, 1811. He early displayed a decided taste and talent for
drawing, and attracted the notice of Audubon the naturalist, who
availed himself of his services in the preparation of his great work.

Afterwards associated with Prof. Asa Gray, he furnished to a
large extent the sketches for the numerous plates and wood-cuts
which appear in his several botanical publications. Many of the
plants selected as specimens for illustration were gathered in
Hingham. In some instances not only were the drawings made,
but the plates were cut by his own hands.

The plates illustrating the two large octavo volumes of " The
Genera of the Plants of the United States " were all sketched
from Nature by Mr. Sprague, and are models of neatness and
scientific accuracy.

George B. Emerson, in his introduction to the third edition of
his " Trees and Shrubs of Massachusetts," illustrated with colored
plates, says that the success of the edition, if it should succeed,
would be at least as much due to the artistic skill and exquisite
taste of his friend Isaac Sprague as to anything he himself had
done.

His published works include, —

The Genera of the Plants of the United States. Illustrated by Figures
and Analyses from Nature by Isaac Sprague, member of the Boston
Natural History Society. Superintended, and with Descriptions, &c,
by Asa Gray, M.D. Two volumes. Royal 8vo. With numerous
Plates. Boston. James Munroe and Company. New York and Lon-
don. John Wiley. 1848.

The plates were destroyed by fire before the edition was all
struck off, and the work is now rare and valuable.

Publications. 225

Wild Flowers of America, with Fifty colored Plates from original Draw-
ings by Isaac Sprague. Text by George L. Goodale, M.D., Professor
of Botany in Harvard University. Boston. S. E. Cassino, Publisher.
1882. Large quarto, pp. 210.

Flowers of the Field and Forest, from original Water-color Drawings
after Nature, by Isaac Sprague. Descriptive text by Rev. A. B.
Hervey, with extracts from Longfellow, Lowell, Bryant, Emerson,
and others. Boston. S. E. Cassino and D. Lothrop & Co. 1882.
Large quarto, pp. 154.

Beautiful Wild Flowers of America, from original Water-color Drawings
after Nature, by Isaac Sprague. Descriptive text by Rev. A. B. Her-
vey, with extracts from Longfellow, Whittier, Bryant, Holmes, and
others. Boston. S. E. Cassino, Publisher. 1882. pp. 156. Large
quarto.

Oliver Stearns.

The Duty of Moral Reflection with particular reference to the Texas
Question. A Sermon preached to the Third Congregational Society
of Hingham, on Sunday, Nov. 16, 1845. Hingham. J. Farmer.
1845.

Peace through Conflict. A Sermon. Boston. Leonard C. Bowles. 1851.

The Gospel applied to the Fugitive Slave Law. A Sermon preached to
the Third Congregational Society of Hingham, on Sunday, March 2,
1851. Published by request. Boston. Wm. Crosby and H. P. Nichols.
1851.

Knowledge : Its Relation to the Progress of Mankind. An Address de-
livered at the Dedication of Loring Hall, in Hingham, Thursday, Oct.
14, 1852. Hingham. Published by Jedidiah Farmer. 1852.

The House of the Lord. A Sermon preached to the Third Congregational
Society in Hingham, Sunday, Dec. 12, 1852, on re-opening their Meet-
ing-house. Boston. Leonard C. Bowles. 1853. Printed by John
Wilson and Son.

The Incarnation. A Sermon preached at the Ordination of Rev. Calvin
S. Locke over the Unitarian Church and Society in West Dedham,
Wednesday, Dec. 6, 1854. With the Charge, Right Hand of Fellow-
ship, and Address to the People. Boston. Crosby, Nichols, and Com-
pany. 1855.

The Preacher. A Sermon preached at the Ordination of Frederick Froth-
ingham as Pastor of the Park Street Church in Portland, Me., April
9, 1856. Published by George R. Davis.

A Farewell Sermon preached Sept. 28, 1856. Printed for the Use of the
Society. Boston. Leonard C. Bowles. 1856.

Rationalism in Religion, an Address delivered before the Alumni of the
Theological School, Cambridge, July 19, 1853, and The Written Word,
or the Christian Consciousness, an Address delivered before the Min-
isterial Conference in Bedford Street Chapel, May 28, 1855, were
published in the " Christian Examiner."

A Lecture on the " Aim and Hope of Jesus," — being one of a course on
" Christianity and Modern Thought," — delivered in the Hollis Street
Church and King's Chapel, December, 1871. Published by the Amer-
ican Unitarian Association in a volume with the above title.

A Brief History of the Harvard Divinity School, its past Professors,
was published in the " Harvard Book."
vol. i. — 15*

226 History of Hingham.

Rufus P. Stebbins.

Reverend Calvin Lincoln. Sermon preached in the Old Meeting-house,
Hingham, Sunday, Sept. 18, 1881. Also Services at the Funeral, and
Sketch by Quincy Bicknell, a Parishioner. Hingham. Published by
the Parish. 1882.

Luther Stephenson, Jr.

Report of the Chief Detective of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for

the year ending Dec. 31, 1876, including the result of the Inspection of

Factories and Public Buildings.
Report of the Chief of State Detective Force of the Commonwealth of

Massachusetts for the year ending Dec. 31, 1877.
Addresses and Papers. Printed for Private use. Togus, Me. 1885,

pp. 71. 8vo.

Richard Henry Stoddard.

Born in Hingham, 1825. Early moved to New York, where he
has since resided. A favorite American poet.

His published works are numerous, and include, —

Foot-prints, a volume of verse. 1849.

Poems. 1852.

Adventures in Fairy Land. 1853.

Songs of Summer. 1857.

Town and Country. 1857.

Life of Alexander Von Humboldt. 1859.

Loves and Heroines of the Poets. 1860.

The King's Bell. 1863.

The Story of Little Red Riding Hood. 1864.

Under Green Leaves. 1865.

Late English Poets. 1865.

Melodies and Madrigals, mostly from the Old English Poets. 1865.

The Children in the Wood. 1866.

Putnam, the Brave. 1869.

The Book of the East, and other Poems. 1871.

Memoir of Edgar Allan Poe. 1875.

Poems. 1880.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. 1882.

In addition to his original works, Mr. Stoddard edited new edi-
tions of Griswold's Male and Female Poets of America, 1873 and
1874 ; The Bric-a-Brac, and Sans Souci Series, 1874 and 1875 ;
A Century After, Picturesque Glimpses of Philadelphia and
Pennsylvania, 1876 ; and more recently a number of volumes
relating to English literary history and memorabilia. He was
more recently the literary editor of the " New York Mail and
Express."

Mr. Stoddard has been styled " one of the poets of whom
America may well be proud." Among the best known of his

Publications. 227

poems arc, " A Hymn to the Beautiful ; " "A Household Dirge ; "
" Leonatus ; " " The Burden of Unrest; " " Invocation to Sleep ; "
" Spring ; " " Autumn ; " and " The Two Brides."

" The volume on which his fame will rest is his ' Poetical
Works.' It contains some of the most beautiful lyrics and blank-
verse ever written in America, — some of the most beautiful writ-
ten anywhere during the poet's lifetime."

Charles W. Upham.

Junior pastor of the First Church in Salem.

A Discourse delivered on the anniversary of the Association of the First
Parish in Hingham, auxiliary to the American Unitarian Association,
July 8, 1832. Pamphlet, pp. 22. Hingham. Jedidiah Farmer,
Printer. 1832.

Henry Ware (born 1764).

Letters to Trinitarians and Calvinists. Occasioned by Dr. Leonard Woods'

Letters to Unitarians. 3 ed. 1820. 12mo.
Answer to Dr. Woods' Reply. Cambridge. 1822. 8vo. Postscript to

Answer. 1823. 8vo.
Inquiry into the Foundation, Evidences, and Truth of Religion. 1842.

2 vol. 8vo. London, 1842. 2 vol. 12mo. And others.

His printed discourses, which are numerous, include the follow-
ing, viz. : ■ —

The Continuance of Peace and increasing Prosperity a Source of Consola-
tion and just Cause of Gratitude to the Inhabitants of the United States.
A Sermon, delivered Feb. 19, 1795, being a day set apart by the Presi-
dent for Thanksgiving and Prayer through the United States. Printed
by Samuel Hall, Boston. 1795.

A Sermon Occasioned by the Death of George Washington, Supreme
Commander of the American Forces during the Revolutionary War ;
First President, and late Lieutenant- General and Commander-in-Chief
of the Armies of the United States of America ; who departed this Life
at Mount Vernon, Dec. 14, 1799, in the 68th Year of his Age. De-
livered in Hingham, by Request of the Inhabitants, Jan. 6, 1800. " And
Elijah went up into Heaven." 2 Kings ii. 11. "The spirit of Elijah
doth rest on Elisha." Ibid. 15. Printed by Samuel Hall, No. 53 Corn-
hill, Boston. 1800.

A Sermon delivered Wednesday, Sept. 1, 1802, at the Interment of the
Rev. Daniel Shute, D.D., senior Pastor of the Second Church in Hing-
ham, who departed this Life Aug. 30, 1802, in the 81st year of his Age,
and the 56th of his Ministry. Published by request of the Parish. Bos-
ton. Printed by E. Lincoln, Water Street. 1802.

The Service of God, as inculcated in the Bible, our reasonable Choice. A
Sermon, delivered at Scituate, Oct. 31, 1804. Published by request.
Boston. Printed by E. Lincoln, Water Street. 1804.

A Sermon delivered at Hingham, Lord's day, May 5, 1805. Occasioned
by the Dissolution of his Pastoral Relation to the First Church of Christ

228 History of H Ingham.

in Hingham and Removal to the Office of Professor of Divinity in the
University at Cambridge. Together with an Address from the Church
on the occasion, and his Answer. The whole printed by the General
Request of the Society. Boston. Printed by E. Lincoln, Water Street.
1805.

An Eulogy pronounced July 20, 1810, at the Interment of the Rev. Samuel
Webber, D.D., President of Harvard University, who expired suddenly
on the evening of July 17, in the fifty-first year of his age. Cambridge.
Printed by Hollis and Metcalf. 1810.

A Sermon delivered before the Convention of Congregational Ministers
of Massachusetts at their Annual Meeting in Boston, May 28, 1818.
Boston. Printed by Wells and Lilly. 1818.

A Sermon delivered Oct. 12, 1820, at the Ordination of the Rev. William
B. O. Peabody to the Pastoral Charge of the Third Congregational
Church in Springfield. Springfield. A. G. Tannatt & Co., Printers.
1820.

A Sermon delivered Jan. 17, 1821, at the Ordination of the Rev. Charles
Brooks to the Pastoral Charge of the Third Church and Parish in
Hingham. Boston. Printed by Ezra Lincoln. 1821.

A Sermon delivered Dec. 13, 1821, at the Ordination of the Rev. William
Ware to the Pastoral Charge of the First Congregational Church in
New York, by his father, Henry Ware, D.D., Hollis Professor of
Divinity in the University in Cambridge, Mass., together with the
Charge and Right Hand of Fellowship. Published at the request
of the Congregation by the Library and Tract Society of the First
Congregational Church. 1821.

Use and Meaning of the Phrase " Holy Spirit."

By Henry Ware and Daniel Shute, associates : — -

A Compendious and Plain Catechism, designed for the Benefit of the
Rising Generation, and Recommended to the attentive Use of Heads
of Families in the Education of their Children, as adapted to improve
them in Piety and Virtue. Printed by Samuel Hall, No. 53 Cornhill,
Boston. 1794. Addressed " to the Respectable Inhabitants of Hing-
ham." Preface signed by Daniel Shute and Henry Ware.

Henry Ware, Jr. (born 1794).

His published works, which are numerous, include, —

A Poem on the Celebration of Peace. Cambridge. 1815. 8vo.

The Vision of Liberty ; recited before the Phi Beta Kappa Society at
Harvard University, Aug. 27, 1824. Published by request. Boston.
Oliver Everett, 13 Cornhill. 1824. In a brief prefatory note the
author says that the poem is not a poetical invention, but is based on an
experience given by an Euglish lady who resided in Hingham about the
year 1794. (A scarce pamphlet.)

Hints on Extemporaneous Preaching. 1824. 18mo. Published in Lon-
don, 1830, and in Edinburgh, 1836.

Recollections of Jotham Anderson. 1824.

Discourses on the Offices and Character of Jesus Christ. Boston. 1825.
12mo. Second edition. 1826. London. 1831.

Publications. 229

Sermons on Small Sins. Boston. 1827. 12mo.

On the Formation of Christian Character. Cambridge. 1831. 12mo.
Numerous editions in America and Great Britain. One American
edition with the Progress of the Christian Life in one volume. This
work has had a wide circulation.

The Life of the Saviour. 1832. The seventh edition was published in
1884 by the American Unitarian Association, pp. 271. 12mo. Pub-
lished also in London.

The Feast of the Tabernacle. A Poem. Cambridge. 1837.

Scenes and Characters Illustrating Christian Truth. Edited. Boston.
18mo. Published also in London in 2 vols.

The Life of Noah Worcester, D.D. 12mo. Boston. Munroe and
Company.

Life of Joseph Priestley, LL.D. 12mo. Boston. Munroe and Company.

Memoir of Oberlin. 16mo. Boston. Munroe and Company.

Memoirs of the Rev. Noah Worcester, D.D., with a Preface, Notes, and a
concluding Chapter, by Samuel Worcester. Boston. James Munroe and
Company. 1844. 1 vol. 8vo. pp. 155.

The Duty of promoting Christianity by the circulation of Books. Boston.
James Munroe & Co. July, 1838. Printed for the American Unitarian
Association.

How to Spend a day. In two Chapters. Boston. James Munroe & Co.
October, 1839.

A Sermon delivered at Dorchester, before the Evangelical Missionary
Society in Massachusetts, at their Annual Meeting, June 7, 1820. Bos-
ton. Published by J. W. Burditt.

Outline of the Testimony of Scripture against the Trinity. Boston. Taken
from an Address delivered in 1827, before the Unitarian Association of
York County, Me.

The Law of Honor. A Discourse occasioned by the recent Duel in Wash-
ington ; delivered March 4, 1838, in the Chapel of Harvard University,
and in the West Church, Boston. Published by request. Cambridge.
Folsom, Wells, and Thurston, Printers to the University. 1838.

Additional publications, most of them in pamphlet form, are as
follows : —

The Faith once delivered to the Saints.
Three Important Questions answered.
Sober Thoughts on the State of the Times.
Nature, Reality, and Power of Christian Faith.
Thoughts for the New Year.
How to Spend Holy Time.

A Selection from his works was published by Chandler Robbins. Boston.
1846, 47. 4 vols. 8vo.

John Ware.

Born in Hingham, 1795. Graduated at Harvard College 1813,
and M.D. 1816. Became adjunct professor 1832, and professor,
1836, of the Theory and Practice of Medicine in Harvard College.
Resigned 1858 ; died 1864.

His published works relating to the Science of Medicine are
numerous and " regarded as standard authority." A volume en-

230 History of Hingham.

titled " Discourses on Medical Education and on the Medical Pro-
fession," 8vo., was issued in 1847.

Success in the Medical Profession, 8vo., 1851, and others of a
more strictly professional character were issued prior and subse-
quently to this time. He gave occasional medical lectures and
addresses, reports, &c, on Peace, Temperance, and incidental
subjects.

He edited the " New England Medical Journal," and contrib-
uted to the " American Journal of Medical Science " and other
periodicals, including the " North American Review," in which
was published his Phi Beta Kappa Poem.

He also wrote a biography of his brother, Henry Ware, Jr.

William Ware.

Letters of Lucius M. Piso, from Palmyra, to his Friend Marcus Curtius,
at Rome. New York, 1837. 2 vols. 12mo. Also London. Zenobia,
or the Fall of Palmyra, was the title afterwards adopted by the author,
and under this name a number of editions were printed in New York
and London. A historical romance.

Probus ; or Rome in the Third Century ; in Letters from Lucius M. Piso,
from Rome, to Fausta, the Daughter of Gracchus, at Palmyra. New
York. 1838. 2 vols. 12mo. A sequel to Zenobia. It was subsequently
republished in London, also in New York as Aurelian ; or Rome in the
the Third Century. Rome and the Early Christians. 1868. 8vo.

Julian ; or Scenes in Judea. New York. 1841. 2 vols. 12mo. Also
London. 1842. Third edition. New York. 1856.

" These romances of Mr. Ware have passed through many edi-
tions in Great Britain, and have been translated into German and
other languages on the continent."

Sketches of European Capitals. Boston. 1851. 12mo. Also London.

8vo. Published again as Pictures of European Capitals. 1852. 12mo.
Lectures on the Works and Genius of Washington Allston. Boston.

1852. 12mo. pp. 162.

" He published some occasional sermons and four numbers of a
religious miscellany called ' The Unitarian ; ' contributed a Memoir
of Nathaniel Bacon to Sparks's ' American Biography,' and papers
to other standard periodicals. Delivered lectures on Art and Lit-
erary Topics, and edited the ' American Unitarian Biography ; '
also 'Memoirs of Individuals who have been distinguished by
their Writings, Character, and Efforts in the Cause of Liberal
Christianity.'" Boston. 1850. 2 vols. 12mo.

Robert C. Waterston.

Remarks on the life and character of Joseph Andrews at the memorial
meeting of the Boston Art Club, May 17, 1873. Published in connec-
tion with the Proceedings of the meeting.

Publications. 231

Henry Austin Whitney.

Early Settlers of Hinghaui, New England ; including extracts from the
minutes of Daniel Cushiug of Hingham, with a photograph of his manu-
script. Printed for private distribution. Boston. Press of John Wilson
and Son. 1865. Large quarto pamphlet. Only nfty copies published.

Nicholas Bowes Whitney.

A Sermon delivered Sept. 16, 1821 ; occasioned by the death of Josiah
Lane, Jun., in the nineteenth year of his age, who was drowned from on
board the schooner " Ida." Boston. Printed by Ezra Lincoln. 1821.

Peter Whitney.

Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. Perez Lincoln, Gloucester, Aug. 7, 1805.
8vo. pp.30. Boston. 1S05. The pamphlet also includes the Charge
by Rev. Manasseh Cutler, D.D., and the Right Hand of Fellowship by
Rev. Abiel Abbot, D.D.

Rev. Perez Lincoln was a native of Hingham.

Phineas Whitney.

A Sermon delivered Jan. 1, 1800, at the Ordination of his Son, the Rev.
Nicholas Bowes Whitney, to the care of the Second Church and Society
in Hingham, as a Colleague Pastor with the Rev. Daniel Shute, D.D.
Boston. Printed by Manning and Loring, near the Old South Meet-
ing-house. 1800. The pamphlet also includes the Charge by Rev.
David Barnes, D.D.,of Scituate, and the Right Hand of Fellowship, by
Rev. Henry Ware, of Hingham.

James Humphrey Wilder.

An Oration delivered at the request of the young men of Hingham, on the
Fourth of July, 1832. Hingham. Jedidiah Farmer. 1832.

An Address delivered before the Sunday School of the First Parish, in
Forest Sanctuary, Hingham, Aug. 25, 1840. Hingham. J. Farmer,
Printer. Small pamphlet.

Joshua Wilder.

A Plea for Liberty of Conscience and Personal Freedom from Military
Conscription. In Letters to Thomas Loring, Esqr. A place for every
member in the body, and also in the body politic — and every member
in its place. Hingham. Printed by J. Farmer. 1840. Small pamphlet.
(Scarce.)

Samuel Willard.

Collection of Hymns, adopted, while in manuscript, by the Third Congre-
gational Society in Hingham. Boston. Leonard C. Bowles. 1830.
Press of Minot Pratt, Hingham. Bound volume, pp. 360.

Rhetoric, or the principles of Elocution, by Samuel Willard, D.D., A.A.S.
Boston. Leonard C. Bowles. 1830. Hingham. Press of Minot Pratt.
Bound volume. lOmo. pp. 198.

Edward J. Young.

The Early Religious Customs of New England. An Address delivered at
the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the building of the Meeting-house in
Hingham, Mass., Aug. 8, 1881. Cambridge. University Press. 1882.

232 History of Hingham.

MISCELLANEOUS.

" A Narrative of the Proceedings in the North Parish of Hingham, from
the time of Rev. Dr. "Ware's leaving it to the Ordination of the Rev.
Joseph Richardson over the First Church and Congregation, and of Mr.
Henry Colman over the Third Church and Society in the North Parish.
By an Inhabitant." pp. 85. 1807. Signed, Thomas Thaxter.

An Appendix of fifty pages follows, in reply to a pamphlet entitled
" A Vindication," which the publication of the " Narrative " called out.
This supplement has the signatures of Benj. Lincoln, Nathan Rice,
Samuel Norton, Thomas Loring, Abuer Lincoln, Levi Lincoln, Robert
Thaxter, Jerom Gushing, and William dishing. Printed at Salem by
Joshua Cushing. (Copies are extremely rare.)

" A Vindication of the Proceedings of the First Church and Parish in
Hingham in settling the Rev. Joseph Richardson, A.M., as their Gospel
Minister." Signed, Jacob Beal, Isaac Cushing, M. Fearing, Joseph
Basset, Seth Lincoln, Caleb Hobart, Jotham Lincoln, Jacob Leavitt,
Hawkes Fearing, Laban Hersey, Solomon Jones, Charles Lincoln,
Jedediah Lincoln, Solomon Lincoln, Duncan M'B. Thaxter, and James
Stephenson, Committee, pp. 80. Printed at Boston. 1807.

This pamphlet was published in reply to the " Narrative of the
Proceedings in the North Parish," which was issued the same
year. Copies in good condition will be found, like specimens of
the " Narrative," extremely rare.

Discourse delivered to the First Parish in Hingham, Sept. 8, 1869, on the
Re-opening of their Meeting-house, by Rev. Calvin Lincoln, Sixth
Pastor of the Parish, with an Appendix. Hingham. Published by the
Parish, 1873.

The Appendix, which occupies the larger part of this publication,
contains a great amount of valuable historical matter relating to the his-
tory of the meeting-house.

The Commemorative Services of the First Parish in Hingham on the Two
Hundredth Anniversary of the Building of its Meeting-house, with the
Address of Mr. Charles Eliot Norton, Monday, Aug. 8, 1881. 8vo.
Cloth, pp. 169. Hingham. Published by the Parish. 1882.

Discourse delivered to the First Parish in Hingham on the Two Hundredth
Anniversary of the Opening of its Meeting-IIouse for Public Worship,
Sunday, Jan. 8, 1882. By Rev. Edward Augustus Horton. With an
Appendix. Hingham. Published by the Parish. 1882. Appendix
includes Order of Services ; description of the Church in Hingham,
England ; biographical sketch of Robert Peck ; and the articles com-
prising the Communion Service, when and by whom donated. 8vo.
pp. 58.

Declaration and Covenant of the Baptist Chui-ch, Hingham, Mass. 1853.
Small pamphlet.

Services at the Ordination and Installation of Rev. Phebe A. Hanaford as
Pastor of the First Universalist Church in Hingham, Mass., Feb. 19,
1868. Sermons by Rev. John G. Adams and Rev. Olympia Brown.
Printed at Boston. 1870. Contains Historical Sketch of the Society.
8vo. Cloth, pp. 71.

Publications. 233

Jefferson Debating Society. The Inaugural Address of President Jeffer-
son, Constitution and Rules of the Jefferson Debating Society, and the
Names of the Members. Hiugham. Farmer and Brown, Printers.
1828. Small pamphlet, pp. 23.
Report made to the Stockholders of the Hingham Bank, July 2, 1842, by
a committee appointed to examine the state of the Bank, &c. Signed,
Solomon Lincoln, William James, Edward P. Little, David Harding,
Abraham H. Tower. Pamphlet. 8vo. pp. 16. Hingham. Jedidiah
Farmer, Printer. 1842.

Derby Academy. Rules and Regulations established by the Trustees of
the Derby Academy ; also the Deed of Lease and Release from Sarah
Derby to the said Trustees. Also her Will and the Codicil thereto ;
the Act of Incorporation ; and the Act for erecting the Derby School
into an Academy. Also the professional Opinion of the Hon. John M.
Williams. Hingham. J. Farmer, Printer. 1856. Pamphlet, pp. 36.

Annual Catalogue and Circular of Derby Academy, Hingham, Mass. 1869.
J. Frank Farmer, Printer, 18 Exchange Street, Boston. Pamphlet,
pp. 8.

The Celebration of the Two Hundredth Anniversary of the Settlement of
the Town of Hingham, Sept. 28, 1835, containing the Address of Mr.
Solomon Lincoln and valuable Historical Notes. Pamphlet, pp. 63.
Hingham. Jedidiah Farmer. 1835.

o

The Celebration of the Two Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary of the
Settlement of the Town of Hingham, Mass., Sept. 15, 1885, including
Oration by Mr. Solomon Lincoln. 8vo. Cloth, pp. 134. Published
by the Committee of Arrangements, and prepared for publication by
Francis H. Lincoln. 1885.

HINGHAM PUBLIC LIBRARY.

Address delivered at the Dedication of the Hingham Public Library, July
5, 1869, by the Hon. Thomas Russell. With an Appendix. Hingham.
Published by the Trustees of the Library. 1871. 8vo. pp. 37.

Annual Reports of the Trustees to the Town of Hingham for the years
1871, 1872, and 1873 ; Declaration of Trust by Hon. Albert Fearing
on presenting an additional sum to the fund of ten thousand dollars ;
By-laws of the Trustees ; Rules and Regulations for the use of the
Library, and list of its officers. 1873. Hingham. Published by the
Trustees. One pamphlet.

The foregoing are the only publications relating to the Public Library
issued prior to 1885. Both of the editions were small. Copies had been
given out in a limited way, and only such have been preserved. The
remainder, and the larger portion, were lost in the burning of the build-
ing. These pamphlets are, and must continue to be rare.

HINGHAM AGRICULTURAL AND HORTICULTURAL

SOCIETY.

This society was organized in 1858, and its first annual exhibition was
held in the autumn of 1859. The first of the "Transactions" was pub-
lished in 1861. The volume was compiled by Rev. E. Porter Dyer,

234 History of Hingham.

and includes the History of the formation of the Society, By-laws, Re-
ports of the various Committees at the Annual Exhibitions, and List of
Members, from October, 1858, to March, 1861. 8vo. pp. 192. Bos-
ton. Wright and Potter, Printers. 1861.

The next issue bears date of 1868, giving the Transactions of the
Society for 1867, with full Reports of the Committees on the Annual
Exhibition of that year, also a list of " The Native Trees and Shrubs
of Hingham," prepared by James S. Lewis and Fearing Burr.

The Introduction contaius a brief history of the Society up to 1868.
Prepared for publication by Solomon Lincoln. Hingham. Blossom and
Easterbrook, Printers, pp. 95. This number has especial interest from
the fact that it contains a Description of the new Hall, Exercises at the
Dedication, Articles deposited under the corner-stone, etc.

During the time of the Civil War — 1861 to 1866 — the publication
of the " Transactions " in pamphlet form was suspended. The Reports
of Committees at the Annual Exhibitions, with the doings of the Society
at the regular meetings for these years, were prepared for the press by
the Secretary, Edmund Hersey, and will be found in the columns of our
local newspaper.

The third number of the Transactions was issued in 1869 for the year
1868. Prepared for publication by Fearing Burr. pp. 101. Hingham.
Blossom and Easterbrook, Printers.
For 1869. Contains Dr. Thomas M. Brewer's paper on " The Value of
Birds." Prepared for the press by Fearing Burr and George Lincoln,
pp. 72. Hingham. Blossom and Easterbrook, Printers. 1870.
For 1870. Contains list of members. Prepared for publication by Fear-
ing Burr. pp. Go. Hingham. Blossom and Easterbrook, Printers.
1871.
For 1871. Contains list of members. Prepared for the press by George
Lincoln, pp. 85. Hingham. Blossom and Easterbrook, Printers.
1872.
For 1872. Contains an Essay on " Education and Agriculture," read be-
fore the Society by Hosah G. Goodrich. Also list of members and the
By-laws as amended in November, 1872. Prepared for the press by
Solomon Lincoln, pp. 73. Hingham. Joseph Easterbrook, Printer.
1873. (Copies are rare.)
For 1873. pp. 66. Hingham. Joseph Easterbrook, Printer. 1874.
For 1874. Title-page illustrated for the first time by an engraving, — a
gleaner bearing a sheaf upon her head. Hingham. Prepared for the
press by George Lincoln, pp. 63. Joseph Easterbrook, Printer. 1875.
For 1875. Prepared for publication by Hosah G. Goodrich, pp. 55.

Joseph Easterbrook, Printer. 1876.
For 1876. Prepared for the press by Hosah G. Goodrich. Hingham.
Joseph Easterbrook, Printer. 1877.

A new feature in the form of a " Centennial Department " was added
to the attractions of the annual exhibition in September of this year,
and a pamphlet entitled " Catalogue of Antique Articles shown in the
Centennial Department at the eighteenth Annual Exhibition " was pub-
lished by the Society. This was prepared for the press by George
Lincoln. It is neatly printed on fine paper, and was intended more
especially for distribution among those who were contributors, and was
given as a substitute for the amount usually awarded in prizes or gra-
tuities. The historian and antiquary will find the volume of peculiar

Publications. 235

value and interest. pp. 23. Limited edition. Hingham. Joseph
Easterbrook, Printer. 1876. (Scarce.)

For 1877. Contains List of Members and reprint of the By-laws as
amended March 22, 1875. Partially illustrated. Prepared for the
press by Hosah G. Goodrich. Hingham. Joseph Easterbrook, Printer.
1878. pp. 68.

For 1878. Prepared for the press by Hosah G. Goodrich. Hingham.
Joseph Easterbrook, Printer. 1879. pp. 44.

For 1879. Prepared for the press by Francis H. Lincoln, Corresponding
Secretary of the Society. Hingham. Fred H. Miller, Printer. 1880.
pp. 44.

For 1880. Prepared for the press by Francis H. Lincoln, Corresponding
Secretary of the Society, pp. 38. Fred H. Miller, Printer. 1881.

For 1881. Contains abstracts from Lectures before the Society by George
P. Chapin, Luther Stephenson, George Lincoln, Israel Whitcomb, Fear-
ing Burr, and Melzar W. Clark. pp. 108. Fred H. Miller, Printer.
1882. Prepared for the press by Francis H. Lincoln, Corresponding
Secretary of the Society.

For 1882. Contains Lectures before the Society by James E. Thomas,
Jacob O. Sanborn, and Gustavus L. Simmons, M.D., of Sacramento,
Cal. Prepared for the press by Francis H. Lincoln, Corresponding
Secretary of the Society, pp. 88. Press of Alfred Mudge and Son,
Boston. 1883.

For 1883. Contains Lectures by Edward T. Bouve on " The Oaks of
Hingham," and Luther Stephenson on " Forests." Also a List of Mem-
bers. Prepared for the press by William C. Bates, pp. 91. Press of
Alfred Mudge and Son, Boston. 1884.

For 1884. Contains Lectures by Israel Whitcomb, Francis W. Brewer,
George Lincoln, and J. H. Robbins. Prepared for the press by Francis
H. Lincoln, Corresponding Secretary of the Society, pp. 97. Press of
Alfred Mudge and Son, Boston. 1885.

For 1885. Includes Lectures by Allen P. Soule and Louis P. Nash.
Edited for the press of Alfred Mudge and Son, by Marshall dishing,
pp. 63.

For 1886. Contains Lectures by J. O. Sanborn, on " The Value of For-
ests," and by Arthur W. Young on " Commercial Floriculture."
Edited for the press of Fred H. Miller, by Marshall Cushing. pp. 86.

For 1887. Includes a Lecture by Edmund Hersey on "The Intelligent
Use of Commercial Fertilisers." Edited for the press of Fred H. Miller,
by Louis P. Nash. pp. 78.

For 1888. Contains Lectures by J. O. Sanborn on " Home and its
Surroundings," and Samuel L. Pratt on " The Importance of Agricul-
ture." Also List of Members. Edited for the press of Fred H. Miller,
by Louis P. Nash. pp. 100.

For 1889. Contains Lectures by M. B. Faxon on " Garden Vegetables,"
and by Starkes Whiton on " Poultry." Edited for the press of Fred
H. Miller, by Louis P. Nash. pp. 92.

For 1890. Edited for the press of Fred H. Miller, by Louis P. Nash,
pp. 70.

For 1891. Contains a Lecture by J. Quinsy Litchfield on "The Gypsy
Moth." Edited for the press of Fred H. Miller, by J. Quinsy Litch-
field, pp. 78.

For 1892. Contains a List of Members. Edited for the press of Fred
H. Miller, by J. Quinsy Litchfield, pp. 90.

236 History of Hingham.

TOWN REPORTS.

1833. The first of the " Town Reports " was issued in 1833. At the
Annual Meeting in March of this year it was voted, " To commit the
Report of the Selectmen respecting the Receipts and Expenditures of
the Town, the past year ; the Report of the Overseers of the Poor, in
regard to Pauper Expenses ; the Report of the Trustees of the Hing-
ham Poor and School Fund ; the Report of the Almshouse Building
Committee, etc., to a Committee whose duty it shall be to examine the
same, to classify and arrange the various receipts and expenditures of
the last year, for all purposes, with an exhibit of the present Debt and
resources of the Town." . . . Jedediah Lincoln, Solomon Lincoln, and
Thomas Loring, were chosen to carry the vote of the town into effect.
The pamphlet embraces 28 pages, and was printed in Hingham by
Jedidiah Farmer. Copies in good condition are rare.

1844. Nothing further was published by the town until this year, when a
small pamphlet of sixteen pages was printed, entitled " Contract and
Specifications for building a Town Hall for the Inhabitants of the Town
of Hingham," a.d. 1844. Jedidiah Farmer, Printer. Signed Samuel G.
Bayley, contractor ; James S. Lewis, John Leavitt, on the part of the
town. The number of copies issued must have been small, and they
are extremely rare, though now of little interest.

1849. For the year ending February 1. The Second of the Financial
Reports of the Town was published this year. It was prepared for the
press under the direction of Ned Cushing, Hosea J. Gardner, Oliver
Gushing, and Solomon Lincoln, whose names are appended. In addi-
tion to the Financial Report, the Report of the School Committee ;
List of Town Property ; Proceedings of the Annual March meeting ;
Highway Districts; Names of Streets, Lanes, Plains, and Bridges, and
a list of Town Officers are embraced. pp. 47. Jedidiah Farmer,
Printer. 1849. Rare and valuable.

1850. The Report of the School Committee is the only publication of the
town for 1850. Made March 4. Henry Hersey, Chairman. J. Farmer,
Printer, pp. 8.

1850-53. From 1850 to 1853, inclusive, the Report of the School Com-
mittee was published annually. Henry Hersey, Chairman. No finan-
cial report was issued for four years. Copies of these School Committee
reports are scarce. In some instances they are more difficult to obtain
than the Financial reports immediately preceding or following.

1854. Report of the Committee on the Financial Affairs of the Town
for the year ending February 1, 1854, including the Report of the
School Committee. Prepared by the Selectmen, Town Treasurer, and
Chairman of the School Committee. J. Farmer, Printer, pp. 32.

1855. Report of the School Committee, made March 5, 1855. Henry
Hersey, Chairman, pp. 23. No financial report this year.

1856. The publications of the town for 1856 were —

First, the Financial Report of the Selectmen for the year ending Feb-
ruary 1. J. Farmer, Printer, pp. 24.

Second, Report of the School Committee, submitted March 3. Pre-
pared by E. Porter Dyer. Blossom and Easterbrook, Printers, pp. 15.

Third, Report of the Committee chosen at the town meeting in April,
1855, to whom was referred the subject of the Schools, submitted at
the Annual Town Meeting held March 3, 1856. J. Farmer, Printer,
pp. 16.

Publications. 237

1857. Report of the Selectmen on the Financial affairs of the Town for
the year ending Feb. 2, 1857, including the report of the School Com-
mittee. First publication of marriages and deaths. Davis and Farmer,
Printers, 18 Exchange Street, Boston, pp. 54.

1858. The same. Bazin and Chandler, Printers, 37 Cornhill, Boston,
pp. 55.

1859. The same. Davis and Farmer, Printers. Boston, pp. 46.
18G0-67, inclusive. Financial Report of the Selectmen, embracing Report

of the School Committee, published annually, in one pamphlet. Blossom
and Easterbrook, Printers.

1868. Same as last year, with addition of Births in 1867, to records of
Marriages and Deaths, pp. 62.

1869. The same. pp. 54.

1870. Same, with names of parents given with the births of children,
pp. 64.

1871. The same. Includes the Report of the Committee chosen to con-
sider the School System of the town.

1872. Financial and School Committee. Joseph Easterbrook, Printer.

1873. The same, with Report of Road Commissioners.

1874. Financial and School Committee. Includes the names of Streets,
Lanes, Plains, and Bridges as established by the Town May 7, 1827,
and since that time ; also Schedule of the Town's property.

1875. Fiuancial and School Committee. Copies of the Annual Report
of the School Committee for 1875 and each subsequent year have been
issued in separate pamphlets.

1876. The same. One pamphlet. Contains the number of polls and
valuation of Real and Personal Estates from 1834 to 1875, inclusive.
Also Report of the Committee on Hingham Water Works, together
with the Report of William Wheeler, Engineer of the same. pp. 146.
Joseph Easterbrook. Printer.

1877. Financial and School Committee. One pamphlet. Auditor's Re-
port. Year ending February 1.

1878. 1879. The same. J. Easterbrook, Printer.

1880. The same. Includes the names of Streets, Lanes, and Bridges,
Report of the Chief Engineer of the Fire Department, and Auditor's
Report for the year ending February 2. pp. 139. Fred H. Miller,
Printer.

1881. Financial and School Committee. Financial Year ending Dec.
31, 1881.

1882. 1883. The same.

1884. The same, with the " Names of the Legal Voters of the Town of
Hingham, as contained on the Voting-list for the Election in November,
1884."

1885. Financial and School Committee, with High School Course of
Study.

1886. Financial and School Committee, with Course of Study pursued in
the Public Schools. The births, marriages, and deaths in this number
follow the proceedings at Town meetings, instead of the Town Clerk's
Report, as heretofore given, and the Title page is illustrated for the first
time with an engraving of the Town Seal. pp. 144.

1887. Same. pp. 135.

1888. Same. With alphabetical list of persons qualified to vote in the
November Election, as made out by the registrars, third of October, 1888.
pp. 172.

238 History of Bingham.

1889. Financial and School Committee, with Course of Study in the
Public Schools, pp. 200.

1890. Valuation of Real Estate in the Town of Hingham, as assessed
for the year 1890. pp. 241.

1890, 1891. Financial and School Committee.

1892. The same, with Names of the Legal Voters of the Town of Hing-
ham as contained on the Voting-list for the Election in November,
1892, and Reports of Committees on Electric Lighting and School-
houses, pp. 234.

Copies of the early Town Reports are becoming scarce. This is es-
pecially true with regard to such as are in a good state of preservation.
The Reports of our School Committee for the years 1850 to 1853, in-
clusive, seem to have been esteemed of little importance, and have not
been generally preserved. Those for the year 1850 are particularly
rare. A complete series of these publications, in good condition, is some-
thing which the possessor may well prize. Such collections, though
found in the hands of some of our citizens, are limited in number, and
are yearly becoming more difficult to obtain. Of their value it is unne-
cessary to speak. Our local historians and genealogists, however, find
them almost indispensable as a convenient source for reference concern-
ing the various proceedings of the town and the action of its committees
during the past thirty or rorty years.

LOCAL NEWSPAPERS.

" Hingham Gazette."

The " Hingham Gazette " was the first newspaper printed in Hingham.
It contained twenty columns, and was published weekly every Friday
morning, at Loring's Building, corner of Main and South streets, now
the site of Lincoln's Building, with the motto, " Let all the ends thou
aimest at be thy Country's, thy God's, and Truth's." Jedidiah Farmer
and Simon Brown, under the firm of Farmer and Brown, were editors
and proprietors. In their address to patrons they state that " the
Gazette will be devoted to Political Intelligence, Literature, Religion,
Agricultural and Scientific Improvements . . . Free from the political
shackles of party feeling, its aim shall constantly be, Publick Good —
not men nor measures." The first number was issued January 5, 1827.

1828. No change.

1829. April 10. With this number the motto, " the Liberty of the Press
and the Liberty of the People must stand or fall together," was substi-
tuted in place of the original. September 25th, notice was given that
Simon Brown had transferred his interest in this paper to Jedidiah
Farmer, who assumed the management, and was announced as publisher.

1830. No change.

1831. The title heretofore in Roman letters appeared in German text.
The motto was stricken out. In other respects the same.

1832 to 1835, inclusive, no changes.

1835, October 2. An Extra was issued in the form of a "broadside," ex-
clusively devoted to the Exercises connected with the celebration of the
Two Hundredth Anniversary of the settlement of the town, on Monday,
September 28th. Copies are scarce.

1836. Removed to Ford's Building, North Street.

Publications. 239

1837. Printed by Thomas T>. Blossom.

1838. Published by Thomas D. Blossom. With the last number in
March the publication of the " Hingham Gazette " was discontinued.

" Hingham Patriot."

The first number of the " Hingham Patriot" appeared July 2, 1838, and
from this time to Oct. 18, 1839, there were two weekly newspapers
published in Hingham: the " Hingham Patriot," and the " Gospel Wit-
ness and Old Colony Reporter."

The " Hingham Patriot " was but the " Hingham Gazette " continued, with
change of title, and enlarged columns. Jedidiah Farmer was publisher,
and it was issued on Saturdays from Ford's Building.

From 1838 to 1840, inclusive, no change.

In 1841, with the commencement of the volume in July, Jedidiah Farmer
transferred his interest in the paper to William W. Wilder and John
Gill, and the publication was continued by them under the firm of
Wilder and Gill.

1842. With the expiration of the volume, June 25, John Gill retired
and William W Wilder assumed the management. Issued on Saturdays.

1843. Same as last year up to July, when the time of publication was
changed to Friday evening. Styled " A Family Paper, devoted to
Politics, Agriculture, Literature, and News."

1844. At the close of the volume in June, William W. Wilder retired.
After omitting the issue of one week, John Gill became editor and
publisher.

1845 and 1846, inclusive, no changes.

1847. Same as last year to the close of the volume in June. July 2 the
paper was enlarged by the addition of another column to the page.
New type throughout, and a new press with modern improvements, fol-
lowed a change of proprietorship, J. Franklin Farmer becoming asso-
ciate with John Gill.

1848. Published every Friday evening at Ford's Building, North Street.
J. Franklin Farmer and John Gill, proprietors. John Gill, editor.
At the close of the year, Mr. Gill withdrew from the paper in conse-
quence of ill health, and Mr. Farmer not being disposed to assume the
responsibility of publisher, it was suspended.

1849. No paper was published in town.

" Hingham Journal and South Shore Advertiser."

1850. With the commencement of this year, our local paper appeared
under a double title and new management, — James H. Wilder being
editor and proprietor ; Thomas D. Blossom and Albert Whiton, printers.
Published Friday afternoons at Ford's Building.

1851. The same. No number issued the first week in January. Year
commences January 10.

1852. Again change of management. Joseph D. Clark associated with
Thomas D. Blossom, publishers, under the firm of Blossom and Clark.

1853. No change.

1854. Paper enlarged. With the commencement of the year Mr. Clark
retired. Joseph Easterbrook formed a connection with Mr. Blossom,,
and the firm of Blossom and Easterbrook became editors and proprie-
tors. New type, and new press. Ford's Building. Issued Friday

240 History of Hingham.

afternoons. "A neutral paper, devoted to Morals, Education, Agri-
culture. News, and General Intelligence."

1855. The same. No change, except the withdrawal from the head of
the sheet that the paper is " neutral."

185G-58, inclusive. No changes.

1859. Published Friday mornings. Typographical change in heading.

18G0-63, inclusive. No changes.

1864. No change, except in terms of subscription, which was advanced
in September from $2.00 to $2.50 per annum.

18G5-68. No changes.

18G9. New type, and paper much enlarged.

1870. No change.

1871. The same, until April 28. when Mr. Blossom retired, and Joseph
Easterbrook became publisher.

1872-78. No important alterations.

1879. Mr. Easterbrook died on the 8th of May, and the paper was pub-
lished for the proprietors by Fred H. Miller from May 9 until August 29,
when he assumed the sole management.

1893. With the exception of the months of April, May, and June,
1838, and the year 1849. our local newspaper has been regularly printed
from the time it was established, in .January, 1827, to the present time.
1893, a total of more than sixty years, including an aggregate of 3,500
copies. Complete hies are indeed rare. A bound series, in fine condi-
tion, was lost at the burning of the Public Librar}r in 1879. Copies of
volumes have from time to time been contributed by our citizens, and the.
set has been nearly restored. Four or five additional full collections are
all that are now known to remain, and the loss of one must necessarily
add value to the already limited and diminishing list. These volumes
include a vast amount of facts pertaining to our town's history not to be
found elsewhere, and they must increase in interest and importance with
the progress of time.

" Gospel Witness and Old Colony Reporter."

Immediately following the withdrawal of the "Gazette" in March, 1838,
appeared the " Gospel Witness and Old Colony Reporter." It was
published weekly, on Fridays, from the old office in Ford's Building.
The first number bears date of April 6, 1838. Thomas D. Blossom,
proprietor. Albert A. Folsom, editor.

This paper was printed in the interest of the Old Colony Association
of Universalists, and devoted to the welfare of the " cause of heavenly
truth " in the territory over which this body held jurisdiction ; " a publi-
cation which the Association could properly call its own, the religious
matter being of the character everywhere distinguished by the name of
1 Universalism.' "

A department of the newly established paper, bearing the title " Hing-
ham Gazette," was devoted to town topics of intelligence and general
interest. The " Gospel Witness " was published for one year and about
six months, or until Oct. 18, 1839, when it was discontinued. Copies
do not appear to have been generally preserved, and unbroken files are
exceedingly rare.

PUBLIC CONVEYANCES.

BY FRANCIS H. LINCOLN.

The avenues for transportation of people and merchandise
from Hingliam to the neighboring country have been two-fold.
The boat by water and the beast by land have conveyed to the
desired destination the inhabitants and the products of their in-
dustry. By water, first shallops, then the larger packets, and
finally the steamboats ; by land, oxen, horses with the saddle and
pillion, then wagons and stage-coaches, and finally the railroad,
represent the evolution.

Public highways were established as increasing necessity for
communication between towns required them. Other roads were
made and streams bridged over by private enterprise when public
works did not supply the need of short routes. These were the
turnpike roads.

The establishment of stage lines for public travel came about
gradually. In the early days the people travelled as they could ;
then the more affluent neighbor's horse and chaise were bor-
rowed or hired, until the increasing desire to go abroad demand-
ed greater accommodation, and better roads made it possible to
travel with heavier vehicles and larger loads.

In a work entitled " Wonder Working Providence of Sion's
Saviour, in New-England," published in London, 1634, said to
have been written by Capt. Edward Johnson, Hingham is de-
scribed as " a place nothing inferiour to their Neighbours for scit-
uation, and the people have much profited themselves by transport-
ing Timber, Planke and Mast for shipping to the Town of Boston,
as also ceder and Pine-board to supply the wants of other townes,
and also to remote parts, even as far as Barbadoes." Naturally,
as the town was on the sea-coast and there were no roads, the
earliest method of transportation for people and merchandise was
by water. Rev. Peter Hobart, the first minister, came to Hing-
ham by water, and landed where Ship Street now joins North
Street, probably coming into the cove as far as the depth of water
made it navigable. In considering the means of transportation,
therefore, we take first in order the water routes.

VOL. I. — 16*

242 History of H Ingham.

PACKETS.

It is of course very difficult to ascertain when the first vessels
were in service as public conveyances ; in fact, it is doubtful if there
were any regular lines of packets until the latter part of the last
century.

There is an entry of money paid by the town to Sergt. Daniel
Lincoln and Nathaniel Beal " for carrying soldiers to Boston " in
1671 ; but this service was probably performed with the private
boats which the thrifty owners were willing to use for turning an
" honest penny."

About the middle of the last century Capt. Andrew Todd was
master of the sloop " Susanna," which was a packet, and in 1751:
the " Sharp-pen " was here as a packet.

All the packets hereafter mentioned, except one, were sloops
of from 30 to 45 tons. In 1790 the " Hingham racket," Capt.
Jotham Lincoln, was the only regular packet running between
Hingham and Boston. The " Lincoln " was soon afterwards
built, probably in 1793 ; " Fairplay " in 1794 : " Union " in 1797 ;
"Harmony "in 1800, and "Friendship" in 1801, for Matthew
Burr and others. All these were built in Hingham, and all by
John Souther, except the " Hingham Packet," which was built
by Joseph Bassett. In 1802 there were five or six packets run-
ning regularly, and in 1815 seven or eight.

In the early part of this century, when political party feelings
ran to extremes, there were two lines of packets, known as the
Republican and Federal lines.

Republican Line.

Harmony Capt. Matthew Burr.

Friendship Capt. John Lincoln.

Fairplay Capt. Elijah Lewis.

Russell Capt. Hubbard Smiths

Federal Line.

Experiment Capt. Wilson Whiton.

Liberty Capt. Caleb Sprague.

Industry Capt. Elijah Whiton.

Traveller Capt. David Whiton.

Probably these packets did not run here at one time, as the
"Traveller" was not built until 1805. She was commanded
shortly afterwards by Capt. Elijah Whiton, and the " Liberty ''
closed her career about 1810. The "Experiment" was built at
the " Lime Kiln," Weir River. The " Rapid " was built by Daniel
Bassett, in 1811, for Caleb Sprague, and launched off Bassett's
Wharf. She was the first vessel built by Mr. Bassett. When
Captain Sprague was asked what color she should be painted, he

Public Conveyances. 243

answered very forcibly, " True blue." Her captains were Caleb
Sprague, Calvin Gardner, Isaiah Whiton, and Nathaniel French.
The "Washington" was built by John Souther, in 1812. Her
captains were Wilson Whiton, Ezra Whiton, George Thaxter, and
Peter Hersey. The "Brilliant" was built at Middletown, Conn.,
iu 1820. Her captains were John Lincoln, Leavitt Lincoln, and
Elijah Beal. The " Rapid " and " Brilliant " ran on the Repub-
lican line, and the "Traveller" and "Washington" on the Fed-
eral line. The " Escort " was built at Piermont, N. Y., in 1849.
Her captains were Elijah Beal, William Beal, Alexander G.
Rich and Alexander Olson.

Long after the names "Republican" and "Federal" had
ceased to be the designations of the lines the " Washington "
and " Escort ' continued as packets. The " Washington " was
broken up in October, 1872, and the " Escort," the last of the
Hingham packets, was sold in November, 1881.

The schooner " Bell," Capt. Joshua Higgins, ran about the
time of the " Washington " and " Escort," for one season, from
Nye's Wharf.

The packets were occasionally in the coasting trade, and made
trips here and there as freights offered. For many years they
were the favorite means of transportation to Boston. Passengers
and freight came from the neighboring inland towns, as well as
from Hingham, and competition was often very active. Represen-
tatives of the Republican and Federal lines would station them-
selves on Broad Bridge and solicit patronage from the wagons as
they came into town with their passengers and merchandise from
the neighboring towns.

The trips were sometimes long, when there was a calm, and
sociability was a distinguishing feature of them. Timorous old
ladies thought it necessary to be seasick when crossing " Bran-
try " Bay, and were much disappointed when the captain omitted
to tell them that they were in that dreaded locality. Often at low
tide the passengers were landed at Crow Point, necessitating a
long tramp home.

The Hingham " Station Packets," which lay on the south side
of Long Wharf, at the head of the dock, where State Street Block
now stands, were for many years a well-known institution. They
were usually old vessels, housed over, kept as a sort of consign-
ment station for buckets, eggs, knit woollen stockings, and other
products of the industry of residents of the South Shore. Berths
were let and frequently occupied by South-Shore people who re-
mained in Boston over night, and meals were furnished to packet-
men and others. In short, they were a sort of floating hotel. The
Republican and Federal lines both had " Station Packets." The
" Friendship" and " Russell," and afterwards a schooner, "John
Moulton," were used for a number of years for this purpose. The
" Genet " was the last of the station packets. She lay latterly
at the foot of State Street Block. She was formerly a sloop,

244

History of Hingham.

commanded by Capt. Barnabas Lincoln, in the coasting trade,
carrying passengers and freight. She was larger than the others,
and had a large cabin and good accommodations. She was finally
towed to South Boston flats, where she sunk.

The schooner " General Lincoln " was once used for this pur-
pose. There were two " Station Packets " before the war of
1812.

STEAMBOATS.

The " Eagle " was the first steamboat which ran between Bos-
ton and Hingham. She made a number of excursion trips to

Hingham in 1818, but in
1819 and 1820 she ran res;-
ular trips, when she was
commanded by Capt. Clark
and Capt. James Moorfield,
and afterwards by Capt.
Barnabas Lincoln. She was
a sidewheel boat, with
" comfortable accommoda-
tions for about two hundred passengers." Between the morning
and evening trips to and from Boston she made regular trips to
Nahant and other places, during a portion of the time in which
she was on the Hingham route. Her passengers were landed
at Union Wharf at high tide, and sometimes up by Souther's
ship-yard, but at Barnes's Rocks at low tide, where at one time
there was a wire bridge, which was blown over and destroyed in
1819. For one winter at least this boat was hauled up in the
creek at Broad Cove. In 1821 the " Eagle " was probably taken
off the Hingham route, as no reference to her occurs in any
advertisements, although she was advertised to run to Salem.
The " Eagle " was a sufficiently large and stanch boat to make
occasional outside trips to Portland and elsewhere.

In 1822 there are no
notices or advertisements
of steamboats.

In the early days of
steamboats excursion
trips were made here by
the " Tom Thumb,"
" Connecticut," " Mas-
sachusetts," and proba-
bly others.

The " Lafayette," for-
merly called " Hamil-
ton," which name always remained on her stern, made her first
trips between Hingham and Boston in the autumn of 1829. Capt.
George Thaxter commanded, her until August, 1830, when Capt.

Public Conveyances. 245

George Beal took charge, and so continued until she was sold in
the spring of 1832 to go to Eastport, Me. She was a much smaller
boat than the " Eagle," with but one deck, the after part of which
was raised. Her engine was " on the low-pressure principle," and
she made the passage in about two hours. With a good stiff
breeze the sailing sloop packets from Hingham could sail faster
than this steamboat. On one occasion when she had gone as far
as the Castle a fresh " nor'wester" set in, and Capt. Thaxter had
to put her about and return to Hingham. The fare for the trip
was 37£ cents. An advertisement in the Hingham Gazette, May
21, 1830, states that " the proprietors have erected a pier at Barnes's
Rocks, from which the boat can start any time of tide."

The Boston and Hingham Steam Boat Company was incorpo-
rated June 10, 1831, and early steps were taken towards building
a new boat and erecting a hotel in Hingham. The boat was built
and named " General Lincoln," making her first trip to Boston
June 16, 1832, under
the command of Capt.
George Beal, who was
her only commander
during her service on
this route. This boat
was built in Philadel-
phia. She had two
boilers and two en-
gines, burnt wood, like her predecessors, and made the trip to
Boston in an hour and a half. The fare was 37£ cents until
1844, when it was reduced to 25 cents. This has been the usual
fare ever since. She was advertised as " ready to tow vessels in
Boston Harbor between her regular trips." This boat was sold
early in 1845, and the " Danin " took her place on the route for
a short time before the " Mayflower " arrived here.

The hotel which the company decided to build was the Old
Colony House. It was opened June 4, 1832, and was built on
" Neck Gate Hill." The hill then became known as " Old Colony
Hill."

The house was an unprofitable investment, and in 1837 the
Company voted to sell the whole property, — steamboat and Old
Colony House. This was done March 28, 1837. A new company
with new by-laws was subsequently formed under the same name,
and the steamboat continued to be one of Hingham's institutions.
The hotel subsequently passed into private ownership, and after
varying fortunes as a summer resort was burned Oct. 7, 1872.

In connection with the Steamboat Company and Old Colony
House was the Old Colony Grove on Summer Street, southeast of
the hotel, which was for many years used as a place of resort for
picnics and excursions by steamer.

After the Steamboat Company had driven piles for a wharf op-
posite the bend in the channel, about 1832, they intended to make

246 History of Hingham.

a short route for foot-passengers across Mansfield's Cove to the
road which Capt. Laban Hersey laid out at Barnes's Rocks, by
building a floating bridge and securing it to each shore.

The wharf for which piles were driven could be approached
by carriages only by way of Martin's Lane, and foot passengers
would have to make quite a circuit to shorten the distance. The
owners of the land on the south side of the cove objected to hav-
ing the floating bridge secured to their land, and an entry in the
day-book of Capt. Laban Hersey, June 21, 1832, states that he
forbade anything being put across from his premises to Mr.
Burr's, " Capt. James Harris & Capt. Charles Shute, witnesses."

The floating bridge was built, however, and secured as had been
proposed. A watch was kept over it night and day by employees
of the Steamboat Company, but it was cut adrift one night and
floated off near Pine Hill. Large quantities of pine wood used to
be piled on this wharf and up to the wind-mill near by, which was
used for pumping water. The " General Lincoln " used to take
in wood and water here. The floating bridge was never brought
back to connect this wharf with the passageway leading to
Barnes's Rocks.

The " Mayflower " was built in New York expressly for this
company, and arrived in Hingham July 5, 1845, when she began

her regular trips for the
season. Her commanders
were Capt. George Beal,
1845-50; Capt. Elijah
Beal, 1851-1855 : Capt,
Alfred L. Rouell, 1856.
Her average time in mak-
ing the trip to Boston was
an hour and a quarter.
The (Nahant) steamer " Nelly Baker," Capt. Rouell, took the
place of the " Mayflower " for a few days in June, 1854.

The company having decided to build a new boat, the " May-
flower " was sold, to go to New York, and made her last trip from
Hingham Dec. 3, 1856.

Capt. George Beal was pilot for the boats of the company for
many years after he ceased to be in command. His steamboat
service on Hingham boats dates from the days of the " Eagle " to
the "Rose Standish," a period of over fifty years. His reputation
as a pilot was so great that many passengers would have consid-
ered it unsafe to make the trip unless he was at the wheel.

In 1846 a new pier was built on Beach Street on the same site
which has continued to be the steamboat-landing to the present
time (1893).

In 1857 the " Nantasket " succeeded the " Mayflower," mak-
ing her first trip May 21, 1857. She was built for the company
in New York under the supervision of Capt. Alfred L. Rouell,
who commanded her while she ran here. Her average time on

Public Conveyances.

247

the trip was one hour, and she was considered, the fastest boat
in Boston Harbor. The rivalry between the " Nantasket " and
« Nelly Baker," the
Nahant boat, was very
great. Both boats left
on their afternoon trip
at the same hour
through the summer
months, and brushes
between these boats,

as far as Deer Island, were frequent. The writer, on one occa-
sion, was on board the " Nantasket " when she was running so
closely alongside the " Nelly Baker," both boats being at full
speed, that a deck-hand of the "Nantasket" jumped aboard the
" Nelly Baker " and back again. Those who deprecate racing in
these later days hardly realize how spirited were the contests then.

In the "Mayflower" and "Nantasket" days there was much
sociability and enjoyment on the trips among the passengers. It
was a daily meeting of intimate acquaintances and friends. The
merry jest went round and stories were told, giving life and ani-
mation to the trip. In later days, with more people and more
boats, each one feels less obligation to his neighbor, and it is
more common to see the man of business absorbed in his daily
newspaper.

The landing in Hingham, until 1869, was the common centre
for all the neighboring towns, as well as Hingham, and it was
no uncommon sight, on the arrival of the boat, to see the pier
crowded with vehicles, which stretched away almost up to the head
of the wharf. The bustle was great as the South Scituate and
Rockland House stages and the other public and private carriages
rolled off, loaded with their merry companies or passengers.

In 1862 the " Nantasket " was in government employ in the
South, and during a part of that season the company put upon the
route the steamers " Gilpin " and " Halifax," the latter a " stern-
wheeler." The " Nantasket " resumed her trips in the autumn
of 1862, for a short time, when she was sold to the United States,
to be used as a transport steamer during the war of the Rebellion.
Another new boat was then built for the company, at Brooklyn,
N. Y., and named " Rose Standish." She had a saloon on the
upper deck, where her predecessors had been open. She arrived
in Hingham July 11, 1863, and began her regular trips July 13.
She was commanded bv the following : —

1803 — Capt. Alfred L. Rouell.

1864 — Capt. A. W. Calden.

Capt. H. C. Mapes.

1865 — Capt. Samuel Easterbrook.

1866 — Capt. George F. Brown.
1867-68 — Capt. Charles E. Good.
And others in later years.

248 History of Hingham.

July 10, 1864, she was impressed into the United States gov-
ernment service for about twelve days, for war purposes, when
she made a trip to Alexandria, Va.

In 1869 the company established a route to Nantasket Beach,
and after that time the fleet of boats belonging to the company
gradually increased. For several seasons the " Rose Standish "
made the spring and fall trips from Hingham. Later on she was
rebuilt and finally sold for service in the vicinity of Eastport, Me.

For thirty-six years — from 1831 to 1867 ■ — the Boston and
Hingham Steam Boat Company was the only one running boats
between Hingham and Boston. This company was the child of
Hingham enterprise, and largely of Hingham capital, and it is
not to be wondered at that any invasion of its territory
should be looked upon with uneasy feelings by its managers and
stockholders.

In 1867 the " People's Independent Line " advertised to run
steamboats between Hingham and Boston. This company was
under the management of Harvey T. Litchfield, who had pur-
chased the wharf next west of the old company's pier, in
Hingham, formerly occupied as a lumber wharf and known as
Cushing's Wharf. A pier was extended from this wharf, and a
channel dredged to it. The steamer " Emcline," formerly the
" Nantasket " already spoken of, began her trips for this com-
pany, under command of Capt. Alfred L. Rouell, June 24, 1867.
In the same month the " Win. Harrison," Capt. Rouell, came to
the route, the " Emeline " being transferred to a route between
Boston, Hull, and Strawberry Hill, where a wharf had been built.
It may be mentioned that Hull had always been an intermediate
landing for boats of the old company.

The " Win. Harrison " was built in Keyport, N. Y., in 1865.
The fare on both lines during the season of 1867 was 25 cents,
except for a short time in the beginning of the season, when it
was 30 cents on the old line.

In 1868 the " Rose Standish " ran from Hingham for the Bos-
ton and Hingham Steam Boat Company, and the " Wm. Harrison,"
Capt. E. S. Young, with the " Emeline," Capt. A. F. Doane,a part
of the summer, for the People's Line, with the fare at 25 cents.

In 1869 the Boston and Hingham Steam Boat Company pur-
chased the very fast steamer " John Romer " in New York, and
she made her first trip May 20. She was commanded by Capt.
Charles E. Good. Fares on this line were reduced to ten cents
during a portion of the season. The " Rose Standish " was put
upon the beach route. The " Wm. Harrison," Capt. E. S. Young,
was the boat of the People's Line, with fares at twenty-five, ten,
and five cents, as competition increased and excitement ran high.
In this year Litchfield's Grove was opened for picnics and pleasure
parties in connection with the People's Line. This grove was
southeast of the Old Colony House station of the railroad, on
Summer Street.

PLA N

STEAMBOAT LANDINGS

JSrewer.

^

AT VARIOUS TIMES.

^

ffBowh'nyA/tey
OOff/ce

<Q>Otd 'Dupas'

Comp/tect

from the

most authentic sources.

by

Fra ivc/s H. L incola/.

/8p0.

250

History of Hingham.

establish his oil-works there,
making it a summer resort,
was transformed into "Down-

1870 was another exciting year in steamboat matters. Fares
on both lines were ten cents the greater part of the season.
October 1st the " Wm. Harrison " was taken off the route for
the season, when the fare on the old line was raised to 25 cents.
This brought out the " Wm. Harrison" again on October 18th,
with a ten-cent fare, and from this time until the " Wm. Har-
rison" was withdrawn for the season (October 31st) the old
line carried passengers free of charge, then restoring the fare
to 25 cents for the month of November, and closing the season
December 1.

During 1871 and 1872 competition continued, fares varied from
10 to 25 cents, and there was no change in boats, Capt. Wesley
Collins being commander of the " John Romer." After 1872
the People's Line seems to have abandoned Hingham and given
its entire attention to the Strawberry Hill route. This line
having passed into new hands, became absorbed into the Boston
and Hingham Steam Boat Company in 1888.

The large tract of land known as " Crow Point" had been for
some years owned by Mr. Samuel Downer and others. It was
Mr. Downer's original intention to
but later he conceived the idea of
The result was that " Crow Point "
er Landing." Mr. Downer put a large amount of capital into the
enterprise, and, what was equally essential, a large amount of
energy. He laid out house-lots, made roads, and built a number
of summer cottages and other buildings, including a hotel, the
" Rose Standish House." He also opened pleasure grounds well
fitted with all the necessary accessories for the amusement of
picnic and pleasure parties during the summer season, to which
he o-avc the name of " Melville Gardens." He also built a wharf
for a steamboat landing. The whole transformation was rapid
and wonderful. All this was in 1871. The " Wm. Harrison," of
the People's Line, had the sole privilege of landing there during
this season. In 1872 Mr. Downer had built two additional
wharves, one for freight vessels and one for the landing of the
boats of the Boston and Hingham Steam Boat Company. This

has since been one of the
landing-places for the boats
on their trips to and from
Hingham.

In 1874 the steamer " Gov.
Andrew " was built for the
Boston and Hingham Steam
Boat Company, and made
her first trip June 30, 1874.
Capt. George F. Brown was her commander for this and many
succeeding seasons.

The People's Line having abandoned the Hingham route, the
field was occupied without competition, and the " Gov. Andrew "

Public Conveyances. 251

was the Hingham boat, and so continued for a series of years.
The fleet of the Boston and Hingham Steam Boat Company had
been increased to three boats. A fourth, the new " Nantasket,"
built for the company in Chelsea in 1878, was added in that year.

In 1881 the control of the company passed from its former
owners, and the new management gave its special attention to the
accommodation of travel to Nantasket Beach. Intimately con-
nected with the boats was the Nantasket Beach Railroad, which
had been opened in 1880. In this year the Old Colony and Hing-
ham Steamboat Company was incorporated under the general
law. Its stockholders were principally those who had formerly
been in control of the Boston and Hingham Steam Boat Com-
pany. They sold their interest in the old company and purchased
the steamer " Gov. Andrew," with certain privileges of landing
at Hull, Downer Landing, and Hingham. The " Gov. Andrew "
continued her regular trips to Hingham, and the Boston and
Hingham Steam Boat Company discontinued trips to Hingham.
The name of the Old Colony and Hingham Steamboat Com-
pany was changed by an Act of the Legislature, March 16,
1882, to the Hingham, Hull, and Downer Landing Steamboat
Company.

In 1884 the Hingham, Hull, and Downer Landing Steamboat
Company purchased the steamer ' Nahant," built in Chelsea in
1878, made improvements upon her nid changed her name to
" Gen. Lincoln," and placed Capt. Charles E. Good in command
of her. These two boats — the " Gov. Andrew " and " Gen.
Lincoln " — continued to be the boats for Hingham for several
succeeding years.

In 1888 the Hingham, Hull, and Downer Landing Steamboat
Company increased its capital, bought the property and franchises
of the Boston and Hingham Steam Boat Company, and the former
owners again regained control of all the routes between Boston,
Hull, Strawberry Hill, Nantasket Beach, Downer Landing, and
Hingham.

In 1890 the name of the company was changed to the Nan-
tasket Beach Steamboat Company.

In 1891 the steamer " Mayflower " was built in Chelsea for
this company, and made her first trip June 27th, with Capt.
George F. Brown as her commander. Her capacity is for two
thousand passengers.

In the foregoing account of the steamboats no attempt has
been made to give a history of the steamboat companies or boats
except as they have been connected with Hingham.

STAGE-COACHES.

There was no regular stage communication between Hingham
and Boston until near the close of the last century. The " Mas-
sachusetts Register" publishes for the first time in 1802 a list of

252 History of Hingham.

stage-lines running out of Boston. It states that the Plymouth
stage started from King's Inn, and adds the following note :
" N. B. Plymouth stage passes through Bridgewater every
Wednesday and Thursday, and through Hingham all the other
regular days." There are similar notes in 1803 and 1804. The
time of leaving was five or six o'clock in the morning, according
to the season of the year. In 1805 the announcement is, " Ply-
mouth mail stage (through Hingham and Hanover) sets off from
Mrs. King's Inn every Tuesday and Friday at 5 o'clock in the
morning. Leaves Plymouth every Monday and Thursday." The
Plymouth stage continued for many years to run through Hing-
ham certain days in the week, and was the regular afternoon
stage to Boston, and the morning stage from Boston.

Hingham as a line by itself first appears in the " Register " in
1815, when the stages were announced to leave Boston " from
Boyden's, Dock Square, Mon. Thur. Sat. 4 P. M."

Three days in the week was the arrangement until 1826, when
it ran five days, and in 1827 Abiel Wilder advertised that his stage
would leave his house every day, except Sundays, at 6 o'clock
A. M., and Capt. Riley's, No. 9 Elm Street, Boston, at 4 o'clock
P. M. Mr. Wilder's was the regular Hingham stage, apparently
without competition, until the autumn of 1828.

The following list of stage lines and proprietors, which is as
complete as can be ascertained, will show the stage arrangements
in and after 1828 in a convenient form. Possibly the list is in-
complete, but there continued to be a regular stage to Boston
until about the time of the opening of the railroad in 1849.

1828. Abiel Wilder. Scituate & Boston Accommodation, Amos H.
Hunt. Marshfield, Scituate, Cohasset, and Hingham Mail, Jedediah
Little and Co., through Hingham three times a week.

1828-1832. Little & Morey.

1832. Moses Pattangall — winter of 1832-33.

1833. A. & B. Wilder. Little & Morey.

1834. A. & B. Wilder.

1835. A. Wilder, Agt.
183G. A. Wilder, Agt.
1836-1842. Little & Morey.
1842-1843. Hersey & Hichborn.

1844. Warren A. Hersey, proprietor ; Wm. Hichborn, driver. J. W.
Thayer, winter of 1844-45.

1845. W. Hichborn, driver.

1846. "Railroad Line," connecting with Old Colony Railroad at
Quiney ; Wm. Hichborn, driver. " Old Line," Reuben Gardner, — Hing-
ham to Boston.

1847-48. P. Jones & Co. "will run a stage through Hingham."

The last insertion of the stage-coach advertisement was in the
" Hingham Patriot," Aug. 11, 1848.

The fare was at first $1.00. In 1830 Little and Morey reduced
it to 75 cents, and in 1841 to 50 cents. Other lines adopted the
same rate.

Public Conveyances. 253

It is no fancy of memory to say that the teams were of the
very best. The crack of the whip and dash of the horse was
not wanting, and the same pride on the part of the drivers to
come into town in good style, which is the tradition of old stag-
ing days, was felt here in Hingham as elsewhere. There are
many anecdotes of the brilliant exhibitions of the drivers' skill.
One venerable resident has told the writer how well he remem-
bers the usual sight as the Plymouth stage came down by the Old
Meeting-house, where the driver would crack his whip, the horses
dash into a full gallop, and be brought gracefully to a full stop at
the Post Office, which, in those days, stood on the hill in front of
the Academy ; and also the ringing sound of the horn in the
west part of the town in the early morning, announcing the arri-
val of the mail in town, hurrying the postmaster to his station to
receive it.

Among the popular drivers " Ben " Bates and " Jake " Sprague,
of the Plymouth line ; " Bill " Furgerson, of the Scituate line ;
and " Tom " Morey and " Bill " Hichborn, of the Hingham line,
are well remembered by the older residents and patrons.

The team was usually four horses, and a stop was made on the
way at Quincy, for rest and " refreshment."

The steamboat landing was for many years the terminus of
lines from the neighboring towns, and there has been no lack
of local accommodation in later years. The fine four-horse
" Steamboat Coach," owned and driven by Joseph Haskell, to con-
nect with the steamer " Gen. Lincoln," in 1834, and other years
about that time, was the admiration of the town. It was for local
accommodation.

RAILROADS.

The Old Colony Railroad was opened from Boston to Plymouth
Nov. 10, 1845. The route was through Quincy, Braintree, and
Abington. The distance from Hingham to Quincy was about six
miles, and to Braintree about ten miles. Naturally the question
of a railroad through Hingham to connect with the Old Colony
soon began to be agitated. There was much discussion about the
location of the road, opinions differing widely as to the most de-
sirable route ; but it was settled by the charter of the South Shore
Railroad Company, which was granted March 26, 1846, the loca-
tion being somewhat changed by a subsequent Act. This road was
a branch from the Old Colony from North Braintree to Cohasset,
passing through Hingham between North and South streets.
The road was opened for travel Jan. 1, 1849, with stations in
Hingham at the corner of West and South streets, called " West
Hingham ; " on North Street between Thaxter's Bridge and
Broad Bridge, called " Hingham ; " on Summer Street, called
" Old Colony House ; " and on East Street, near the Cohasset line,
called " Nantasket," and afterwards " North Cohasset."

Until Oct. 1, 1852, the road was leased and operated by the

254 History of Hingham.

Old Colony. For a number of years after that date it had its own
equipment of engines and cars, the engines running to Braintree
only, where the cars wTere attached to trains on the main line.
In September, 1871, the Old Colony bought the controlling inter-
est in the South Shore, and Oct. 1, 1876, it was consolidated with
the Old Colony.

It was largely owing to the enterprise and energy of Mr. Alfred
C. Ilersey, a native of Hingham, that the South Shore railroad
was established, and he was elected its first president. There
was great rejoicing in Hingham, as well as in the other towns
on the route, on the day of opening the road, and a salute was
fired from Powder House Hill.

The following account of the opening day's proceedings ap-
peared in " The Chronotype," a Boston daily paper, edited by
Elizur Wright, in the issue of Jan. 2, 1849 : —

South-Shore Railroad.

After infinite palaver, as Carlyle would say, the South-Shore Road
has got itself located and opened. Is not this a proof of the feasibility
of republics ? The people in the one hundred and one coves and inlets of
our many-sided Boston Harbor are somewhat like frogs, — the grant
of a railroad for them caused any amount of clack. Should it be here,
or there ? One would have said, with such pulling and hauling, it would
be nowhere. We can testify it is there.

Yesterday was one of the brightest possible winter days, and at 12
o'clock an immense, long train waited half an hour for the City Govern-
ment, and then started, rolled on over the Calf Pasture by Dorchester,
Neponset, Quincy, and Braintree, and gracefully curved off upon the
new road, which the glorious amphibious people of North Braintree,
Weymouth, Hingham, and Cohasset have built for themselves.

It passes through a populous and thriving country, where the children
are abundant, living off from both the land and the sea. They seem to
have curved the road a good deal, to suit as many as possible. Passing
through the ancient hive of Hingham, the folks made us promise to come
back and take supper. Arrived at Cohasset about half-past-two.

Cohasset is of itself no small place. It has considerable ground to stand
upon, besides the water beyond it. We saw two churches, many snug
houses, multitudes of people. Probably some, by permission of their
mothers, came from Hull.

At Cohasset is a spacious Car House, some two or three hundred feet
long, the whole of which was converted into a summery sort of bower,
with evergreens for foliage and red and white bunting for blossoms. Two
long tables were bountifully spread, and the crowd passed in without let
or hindrance. We should guess there were at least one thousand, per-
haps more. After an air from the fine Weymouth Brass Band and the
invocation of a blessing, the eatables were attended to.

We must not forget to mention that besides a most bountiful and
various cold collation, with hot coffee, there was a hogshead or two of
chowder, piping hot, ladled out. As Daniel Webster was not on hand for
the responsible service of superintending the chowder-pot, our friend John
Wright, of Exchange Street, had performed that duty. This does not

Public Conveyances. 255

argue that Cohasset people do not themselves make chowder. They look
as if they did.

The President of the road, Mr. Alfred C. Hersey, opened the speech-
making very handsomely in a brief address, and Mr. Johnson read the
first toast to the Old Colony Road, which called forth Mr. Derby, its
President. He complimented very justly the ladies of Cohasset for the
fine appearance of the Hall, and the bountiful supply of the tables, and
ended with a toast for Boston, which was responded to by three cheers
for Ex-Mayor Quincy.

A toast to the good old Commonweath of Massachusetts was responded
to by Mr. Amasa Walker, who is truly as much the embodiment of Massa-
chusetts spirit as any man. He gave in few words a striking view of
what Massachusetts has done for railroads, and what they have done for
her.

Mr. Degrand, of Boston, in his inimitable manner, demonstrated that the
South-Shore Railroad had cost $100,000 less than nothing. It had raised
the value of land for a mile on each side of it on an average $50 an acre.
Sic vos non vobis, the stockholders might say, but Mr. Degrand did not
mind that. He went on to advocate a road to San Francisco, and to prove
in the same way that it would cost less than nothing.

When the City Government was toasted, our friends Kimball and Wood-
man did the honors, with an unction which showed how well they deserve
their seats in that honorable body. Moses related how a certain roaring
" Bull of Bashan " opposed the mortgaging of the State for the Worces-
ter Railroad, and how another common but dangerous bull of Worcester
County opposed to his cost the progress of the first locomotive which trav-
ersed that county. And then he drew a parallel, which brought down the
house, between the one bull and the other ; at last letting the ignorant know
that the Bull of Bashan was B. F. Hallett.

The Press being toasted, unfortunately the only thing in the shape of
an editor was the Ishmaelite of the Chronotype, who, alluding to the re-
markable fact that though Hull belonged exclusively to the Courier he
had some interest in Cohasset, having partly educated one of its Parsons,
and gave for a toast : " The People of Cohasset. From the liberty with
which they have used their ladles to-day, they deserve to dwell on the brim
of the great chowder-pot of the world."

Time would fail us even to name all the good things that were said and
toasted. At the hour of four the immense throng piled themselves into
the cars, and returned to Hingham, where, in one of the most beautiful
station buildings in the country, they were invited to another " light repast."
It was light in regard to the illumination, but quite substantial as to the
amount of sponge cake and coffee, — nothing stronger. Indeed the whole
jollification was on temperance principles, and the very wittiest men used
nothing but cold water. At seven o'clock, the whole party having enjoyed
the best possible time of it, — a brand new edition of toasts, jokes, and
compliments being got out at Hingham, — returned to Boston by eight.

It was a capital sentiment offered by Mr. David Kimball, brother of the
Museum man : " The improvement of travelling and collations, — the former
with steam and the latter without." Such grand railroad doings without
liquor speak well for Massachusetts. God bless her !

The Duxbury and Cohasset Railroad, chartered in 1867, and an
extension of the South Shore, running from Cohasset through

256 history of Hingham.

Scituate and Marshfield to Duxbury, was opened in the summer
of 1871. This road was extended to Kingston, where it connected
with the Old Colony, and opened June 21, 1874. Thus Hingham
came into more direct communication with the shire town of its
county. The Duxbury and Cohasset Road was consolidated with
the Old Colony Oct. 1, 1878.

The Nantasket Beach railroad was chartered and opened in
1880. This road connected with the Old Colony at " Old Colony
House " Station, and ran to the head of Nantasket Beach, in Hull,
and thence to Windmill Point, just beyond Hull Village, making-
close connection with the steamboats at Nantasket Beach and
Hull. After several seasons of experience in running as an inde-
pendent road, it was finally leased to the Old Colony in 1888,
on such terms as to make it virtually a part of that road.

FIEE DEPARTMENT.

BY FRANCIS H. LINCOLN.

Our ancestors early endeavored to protect themselves from
losses by fire. In the Selectmen's First Book of Records arc
the following orders : —

Hingham, 1662. It is ordered by the Selectmen of this Town that
Euery house holder shall have a sufficient Ladder proportionable to ye
height of his house always in Redyness in case of Danger & sucli as are
found defective herein or weake after the publication of this order shall
pay hue shillings for Euery weeke that he or they continue in this Defect
as a fine to ye vse of ye towne and any one of the Selectmen are hereby
impowered to execute this order.

Hingham, 1663. It is ordered by the Selectmen that if any person
shall take away the Ladder belonging vnto the Meeting-house except it be
in case of present Danger of fire, and then not to keepe it above four and
twenty houers, shall pay as a fine to the vse of the Town the sum of ten
shillings. Edmund Pitts is to execute this order.

Regulations of a like nature -to the above were made, according
to the records, at later dates.

There is little of interest relating to the means of putting out
fires for many years. Fire Wards were appointed according to
law, whose badge of office was a red staff surmounted with a
brass spike or spear, and such precautions as naturally suggested
themselves were taken by private individuals.

At the beginning of the present century there was a movement
to procure fire-engines. They were not purchased and owned bv
the town, but by private individuals as " proprietors." The town
provided houses to keep them in, and in 1802 one hundred and
sixty dollars were paid by the Selectmen " for building 2 Engine
Houses." These were for the " Precedent, No. 1," and " Centre,
Xo. 2." There was a rivalry — when was there not rivalry in
iiro-cnginc matters ? — between those inhabitants " on the Plain "
and those " clown town," who had decided to procure these en-
gines, as to which should be completed first. The one for " the
Plain " was built there with the exception of the copper work,
which was clone by Hunneman & Co. of Boston. James Stephen-
son and Benjamin Thomas did the iron work. Peter Sprague

VOL. I. — 17 *

258 History of Hingham.

built the tub and Ezra Leavitt made the wheels. The one for
" down town " was made by Hunneman & Co. of Boston.

The engine for " the Plain " was completed first, and for that
reason was named the " Precedent." It was located about where
the' public scales now are (1893), adjoining the Hingham Centre
Post Office. The earliest records are dated May 4, 1819, and
show Moses Sprague to have been elected Master or Director.
The records continue through 1841.

The other engine was called the " Centre." Both were com-
pleted in 1802, and were "bucket tubs" without suction attach-
ments, and had to be filled by hand. The water was then forced
through the hose and pipe.

If one were to imagine a fire in those days he would see a com-
pany of perhaps fifteen men at work upon the brakes and attend-
ing to the hose and pipe, while a line of men and women stretched
away to the nearest water, which they passed from hand to hand
in buckets, emptying it into the tub, passing the empty buckets
back by another line to be filled again.

The house for the "Centre" stood at first about where the North
Street end of Ford's Building now is (1893). It was afterwards
moved to Thaxter's Bridge on the southerly side of the Town
Brook, where the Anthes Building now stands. Here the old
" Centre" remained until she ceased to be used, except for the last
few years of her stay in Hingham, when she was kept in the barns
of Norton Q. Thaxter and Thomas L. Hobart. When her former
owners had all passed away, deserted, and no longer fit for duty,
she was taken to Crow Point and put on board a vessel bound
for Miramichi. A list of the original proprietors of the " Centre "
engine, dated Feb. 20, 1802, gives 124 names, of which 12 were
women. Dea. David Lincoln was the first captain of the " Centre."
A meeting of the proprietors was called for April 5, 1851, " to see
what disposition they will make of the engine," which will give
some indication of how long she remained in town.

After the " Precedent, No. 1," and " Centre, No. 2," came the
" Constitution, No. 3." She was located near the Meeting-house
at South Hingham, and was owned, like the others, by proprietors.
The town paid for the building in which she was kept, according
to the Selectmen's Records : " 1805, Paid for building an Engine
House in the South Parish, $95." She was also a bucket tub.
smaller than No. 1 and No. 2. Her brakes ran " athwartships,"
and not " fore and aft," as was the later fashion.

The " Torrent, No. 4," was purchased by citizens of West
Hingham in 1826. Isaac Little was elected the first captain Feb.
21, 1826. The town paid for her house #141.

June 16, 1830, the first suction engine, "Hingham, No. 5,"
was brought into town, being built by Stephen Thayer of Boston,
and purchased like her predecessors by citizens of the lower part
of the town, more especially around the harbor, at a cost of about
•1600. Luther J. Barnes was her first foreman. In addition to

Fire Department. 259

the private subscription the town paid $100 for a suction appara-
tus and 840 for a hose carriage, and built a new engine-house
which cost $185.75.

Sept. 13, 1826, there was a grand parade of the Fire Companies
of Hingham with their engines, for exercise and practice. This
was the first exhibition of fire companies in Hingham.

At a town-meeting Nov. 14, 1843, an article in the warrant,
" Will the town adopt any measures for the formation of regular
companies for the several engines in town ? " was referred to a
committee, which reported at a meeting Nov. 27, 1843, as follows :
" Your Committee recommend that companies consisting of 20
members each be raised and attached to engines No. 1, ' Prece-
dent ; ' No. 2, ' Centre ; ' No. 3, ' Torrent ; ' and No. 4, k Con-
stitution ; ' and a company of 40 members for Engine No. 5,
'Hingham;' and that individuals composing said companies
be allowed the amount of their poll tax." Companies were very
soon formed for the several engines.

At the annual town meeting in 1846, a committee was chosen
to see what could be done to secure better protection to the
property of the town from fire. This committee reported at the
April meeting, recommending that the town purchase four new
suction engines, one to be the " Hingham, No. 5," if satisfactory
arrangements could be made with the proprietors. This the town
voted to do, and appointed a committee to purchase the engines,
stipulating that they should be all alike, to avoid rivalry. This
committee purchased the " Hingham " of its proprietors, and
three new ones of Hunneman & Co. The " Hingham" remained
at the harbor, and was called No. 1. No. 2 was stationed at West
Hingham, and like the former one was named " Torrent." No. 3
was stationed at Hingham Centre, and named " Niagara," and
No. 4 was stationed at South Hingham, and named for her prede-
cessor, kt Constitution." These engines were manned by volun-
teer companies, without pay, and the fire department has been
so made up to the present time. The first foremen for the new
engines were the following : —

Torrent — William Jones.
Niagara — John Lincoln.
Constitution — Joseph Jacobs.

In February, 1852, the town purchased a new engine of Howard
and Davis, to take the place of the " Hingham," which had proved
unsatisfactory, and located it at the harbor. This engine was
named " Extinguisher, No. 1," and her first foreman was John K.
Corbctt.

In 1874 a hook and ladder truck was built for the town by
Whiton and Marble, of Hingham, which was stationed at Hing-
ham Centre, in the house with Engine No. 3. A company was
organized March 21, 1874, of which J. Edwards Ripley was the
foreman.

260 History of Hingham.

In 1879 the town voted to place the Fire Department in charge
of a Board of Engineers, who took control May 1, 1879. George
dishing was elected chief engineer, and has continued in that
office to the present time (1893). After the introduction of
Accord Pond water there was gravity pressure enough to throw
water over the highest buildings. There was no further need of
engines, except perhaps at the south and west parts of the town,
in streets to which the water pipes did not extend. The town
voted to take water from the Hingham Water Company and set
fifty hydrants, — which number has since been increased, — and
purchased a new horse hose-carriage, capable of carrying 1200
feet of hose, which was stationed at the junction of North and
South streets, and named "Isaac Little." It was built by Abbott,
Downing, & Co., of Concord, N. II., and cost the town 8<>70.
Hiram Howard was chosen foreman.

In 1881 Engines 1 and 3 were put out of commission and the
companies disbanded. Hose companies were formed to have
charge of the hose-carriages belonging to those engines. A
new four-wheeled hand hose-carriage was purchased, with a
capacity for 850 feet of hose, which was placed in the house of
Engine No. 3, at Hingham Centre. Its cost was £550, and it was
named for the engine " Niagara."

In 1883 a new four-wheeled hose-carriage was purchased, at a
cost of 8585, which was placed in the house of Engine No. 4.
at South Hingham, — the engine being still retained, ready for
use, but out of commission.

In this same year "Extinguisher," Engine No. 1. was sold to
the town of Proctorsville, Vt., for $245, and her hose company
was disbanded.

In 1884 "Niagara," Engine No. 3, was sold to the town of
Needham, Mass., for 8250.

In 1887 the hook-and-ladder truck, being much out of repair,
was sold for 8:25, and a new one purchased of Abbott, Downing,
<fc Co. for 81000. It was named " A'oluntecr."

In 1889 the Gamcwell System of Fire Alarm Telegraph was
introduced into the town, at a cost of 83000, and first put into
use on the evening of Oct. 27, 1889.

In 1891 a wagon known as "Hose 2" was purchased. It was
built in Concord, N. H., and cost 8500. It is equipped with all
the modern appliances, can be run by hand or horses, and has
a capacity for one thousand feet of hose.

In 1892 the two carriages formerly attached to " Torrent " and
" Constitution " were placed at the harbor and East Hingham,
and designated as " Hose A " and " Hose B."

The force of the Department in 1893 consists of a Chief Engin-
eer ; four Assistant-Engineers ; Superintendent of Fire Alarm ;
Hose Companies 1, 2, "3, and 4, fifteen men each ; Hook and
Ladder Company, No. 1, twenty men.

WATERWORKS.

BY CHARLES W. S. SEYMOUR.

The Hingham Water Company, although a private corporation,
is so essentially a Hingham institution that the history of the
town would be incomplete without an account of the formation of
the company and the building of the works, — an undertaking which
has resulted in the promotion of the health and consequent hap-
piness of the citizens of the town, in the preservation of public and
private grounds from the effects of drought, and in the protection
of property from destruction by fire.

ACCORD POND.

The idea of introducing a supply of pure soft water for domes-
tic and other purposes into the town, from Accord Pond, began to
impress the minds of some of the progressive citizens of Hing-
ham early in the year 1870. At this time Plymouth was the
only town in the county that had introduced water, and the
success of the works in 'that place greatly encouraged the first
movers for a similar system in Hingham ; and at a town meeting

262 History of Hingham.

held Nov. 7, 1871, a committee consisting of Quincy Bicknell,,
George P. Hay ward, Alfred Loring, Alden Wilder, and Edmund
Horsey, was chosen " to cause a survey of Accord Pond to ascer-
tain its capacity for supplying the inhabitants of Hingham with
water ; also to cause estimates to he made of the probable cost
of laying pipes, &c, and report thereon at some future meeting/'

Mr. Bicknell, for the committee, presented an able report at the
annual town-meeting, March 8, 1875, in which he says : —

A free and ready supply of pure water has of late years attracted more
or less of public attention in our various municipalities, not only as a
luxury and comfort, but as an essential element in the maintenance of the
public health, and this supply has been sought for and found beyond their
own limits.

It is matter of tradition that the fathers made their first settlement here
with reference to a ready supply of pure water, which they found in the
springs where the upland met the meadow. But as the town has ex-
tended itself by growth in various directions out of this valley, it has
been found difficult in many localities to procure a sufficient supply of
water, and in seasons of drought serious inconvenience, if not suffering,
has attended the scarcity of water.

The means of supplying the house with water are either the open
well or the well furnished with a pump, the tubular well — a late
invention — being used to a limited extent. These wells are liable to
be affected by the various causes in operation in growing and compact
villages, and by the presence of barnyards and stables in close prox-
imity to the wells, and by the quite too general neglect of suitable
drainage around our houses. The very means we employ to make our
homesteads attractive, by enriching the soil, tend to unfit that soil for
properly filtrating the surface water which falls upon it, and which finally,
permeating the earth, finds passage to the well.

That the scarcity of water, and at times its impurity, affect and often
determine the condition of the health of a community, and affect the
longevity of the people, have beeu made so apparent as to remain unques-
tioned ; but whether our condition is very much as yet affected by these
circumstances cannot so readily be determined. We cannot, however,
take ourselves out of the operation of general laws, and so long as any
of the causes exist which are detrimental to health and longevity, we must
either endure the penalty or remove the cause. No one doubts that in
cities and compact villages the introduction of pure and abundant water
has tended to add to the length of human life, and to make that lite
more efficient during its existence ; but what the exact money value of
the added and more efficient years may be is not so readily determined.

We may, however, suppose for illustration that in an average life of
fortv years one year may be added to each life, and that added year
would be the most efficient one of the whole life ; and taking the average
production of men and women at the most efficient year of a life of labor,
we may assume that this year is worth in productive capacity at least five
hundred dollars to each one. Apply the result to a community of four
thousand and five hundred lives, and you have a gain in a period of forty
years of $2,225,000, — more than sufficient to pay the cost of our pro-
posed water-works, with all the interest thereon compounded for the whole
forty years.

Water-works. 263

These water-works have other elements of value ia the saving of
labor which is now spent in the raising of the water from the well and,
in many cases, in the transportation of it, which considered in the sev-
eral individual instances are comparatively insignificant, but from their
incessant repetition aggregate in time and in expenditure of force to no
trifling amount. We will suppose that, for the one thousand families
or thereabout in town, it requires for this service, daily, on an average,
fifteen minutes to each family ; this would give two hundred and fifty
hours' work each day, or 91,250 hours for each year; and estimating the
value of this service at ten cents per hour, it amounts to $9,125, a sum
sufficient to pay the annual interest on the whole outlay for the pro-
posed works.

Other elements of value will be seen when we come to consider these
proposed works in their use in the extinguishing of fires. In this respect
their value is too obvious to need ar^thing more than the statement.
More than once the more thickly settled portions of our town have
been in imminent peril from a spreading conflagration arising from a
scarcity of water. With engines and other apparatus more numerous
and costly than most towns of our population and wealth, and with a
department and companies well organized and competent, yet we fail to
derive the full value of this large expenditure and organization by our
constant neglect to make proper provision for a sufficient supply of water.

These proposed works have a value in their relation to insurance, and
would tend to reduce the present rates or to prevent an increase in those
rates. Many other considerations could readily be presented to show
how these works could be made to subserve the material interests of the
town and its inhabitants in other directions; and outside of any direct
pecuniary gain, they would also add to the comfort and enjoyment of all
the people, beautifying and adorning our commons and squares with
fountains, and making our old town more attractive to those seeking
desirable homes.

The committee employed Messrs. Walter L. Bouve*, of Hingham,
and Henry M. Wightman, of Boston, to make preliminary surveys
and furnish approximate estimates of the cost of building works
of sufficient capacity to supply the town. Mr. Bouve reported
that an analysis of the water of Accord Pond by Prof. William K.
Nichols, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, showed it
to be unusually free from animal contamination, and remark-
ably pure. Mr. Wightman also reported that in his opinion the
pond " could be safely relied upon as a source of supply for
Hingham." In concluding their report to the town the committee
say: —

The capacity of the pond to afford an adequate supply both for the
present and the future probable wants of the town, is shown, so far as
the character of the examination would allow, to be ample. . . . The
estimated cost for suitable works is about $131,000.

With this statement of the facts in the case, the question presents itself
to the consideration of the inhabitants of the town whether their neces-
sities or the advantages to be gained, or both, are of sufficient magnitude
to warrant so large an expenditure.

264 History of Hingham.

Are we ready to tax ourselves to the extent of some $8,000 or $9,000
per year, in addition to our already large annual taxation, and hand down
to a succeeding generation so large a burden of debt ? Already is the
question agitating our legislators whether some limit shall not be assigned
beyond which city and town may not go in assuming obligations in the
future ; and as wise and reasonable citizens we should carefully consider
and be able to fix a limit for ourselves, independent of any legislative
coercion.

As was to have been expected in a conservative community like
Hingham, the report created considerable adverse feeling.

The statement and estimates submitted were severely criti-
cised. It was doubted if the water could be made to flow over
Liberty Pole Hill, or if there was water enough to fill the main
pipes, if they should ever be laid : the water was full of snakes
and all kinds of impurities, and the pond was so shallow that a
two-inch pipe would drain it in a very short time if allowed to
run continually.

These, and other doubts and objections to the scheme, were met
by Mr. George P. Hay ward in an able address, in which he re-
viewed the report of the committee, and read communications
from gentlemen connected with the Plymouth Water Works giv-
ing the practical working of the scheme in that place since the
the building of the works in 1854.

The report was duly accepted, and the committee discharged.
Hon. Solomon Lincoln then moved —

That a new committee be chosen, to cause an estimate to be made of
the expense of procuring water from Accord Pond for the use of the in-
habitants of the town, and to recommend in what streets the pipes should
be laid ; that the committee cause a thorough and accurate survey to be
made, by a competent engineer, of the pond and of the limits to be sup-
plied, and to report to the town at a future meeting; also, that the com-
mittee be instructed to petition the Legislature for authority to take water
from Accord Pond for the use of the inhabitants of the town.

Mr. Luther Stephenson seconded the motion, and moved as an
amendment that the committee be appointed by the moderator,
Hon. John D. Long. E. Waters Burr, Andrew C. Cushing, Ebed
L. Ripley, Geo. P. Hayward, Arthur Lincoln, Luther Stephenson,
Jr., and Walter L. Bouve" were appointed the committee, to which
Mr. Long was added.

This committee procured the passage of an act by the Legisla-
ture of 1876, authorizing the town of Hingham to take and hold
the waters of Accord Pond and the waters that flow into and from
the same, for the purpose of supplying itself and its inhabitants
with pure water for domestic and other uses ; and their report to
the town, made September 12, 1876, concludes as follows : —

Therefore, believing no town ever had so favorable an opportunity as
that now offered to us for a full and free supply of water, having the

Water-works. 265

experience of many towns to guide us, and as material, labor, and money
can now be obtained at unusually low rates, we earnestly recommend the
adoption of such means as will with judicious economy carry on to com-
pletion the proposed water-works, thus furnishing three fourths of our
citizens with a constant flow of pure water, and be a means of protecting
our town from the devastating effects of fire and drought.

The report was accepted, and the thanks of the town were ten-
dered to the committee for the able manner in which the duties
assigned them had been performed.

Upon a vote being taken, the meeting refused to accept the
provisions of the act entitled " An Act to supply the town of
Hingham with pure water," — one hundred and thirty voting in
the affirmative, and one hundred and forty-one in the negative.

A second meeting was called, October 3, 1876. At this meeting
the question was again decided in the negative, written ballots
and the check-list being used, with a result of one hundred and
forty-three yeas and one hundred and sixty-six nays.

At the annual town meeting, March 5, 1877, action on the
same question was " indefinitely postponed."

The question was twice submitted to the people in the year
1878, with the following results : on August 19, nays, two hundred
and eighty-five ; yeas, two hundred and forty-nine ; and on Sep-
tember 2, nays, three hundred and twenty-three ; yeas, one hun-
dred and eighty-two.

This concluded the efforts of those interested to induce the
voters of the town to avail themselves of the privileges of an
act which would give them control of one of the finest sources
of water supply in the State, and which would have secured to
them, and their successors for .all time, an ample supply of pure
water. Subsequent events have proved the estimates of the engi-
neers, and the conclusions of those who advocated the scheme, to
be practically correct, and that the citizens of the town made a
mistake when they so persistently refused what experience has
shown to be a blessing.

'a*

The Hingham Water Company was incorporated by act of the
Legislature, approved March 21, 1879, the corporate members
being John D. Long, Samuel Downer, Charles B. Barnes, E. Waters
Burr, David Cushing, Junior, William J. Nelson, George P. Hay-
ward, Ebed L. Ripley, Starkes Whiton, Elijah Shute, Edmund
Hersey, and George Cushing.

The act of incorporation gave the company the right to take
and hold the waters of Accord Pond and the waters which flow
into and from the same, with any water rights connected there-
with, to convey said waters into and through the town of Hing-
ham, or any part thereof, and to supply that part of Hull called
Nantasket and Nantasket Beach, whenever the voters of Hull
should accept the provisions of the act applicable to them.

266

History of Hingham.

Provision was also made for the taking and holding of neces-
sary real estate, for the settlement of land and water damages
and for the purchase by the town, at any time, of the corporate
property, and all the rights and privileges of the company at the
actual cost of the same, with interest not exceeding 10 % per
annum, said cost to include all actual loss or damage paid or suf-
fered by said company for injury to persons or property, deduct-
ing from said cost any and all dividends which may have been
paid by the corporation.

Authority was given the corporation to make sale, and the town
to purchase, on condition that the same is assented to by a two-
thirds vote at any legal meeting of the town called for the
purpose.

The first meeting of the persons named in the act was held at
Loring Hall, on Saturday evening, August 9, 1879. Hon. John
D. Long presided, and Mr. Starkes Whiton was chosen Secretary.
The act of incorporation was read and accepted and a committee
chosen to draft by-laws, nominate a board of directors and other
officers, and solicit subscriptions to the capital stock, which was
fixed at $80,000.

A communication was read from Messrs. Goodhue and Birnie,
of Springfield, in which they agreed to build the proposed works
for the sum of $70,000, and Mr. Goodhue being present explained
the manner of making and laying the pipes, and other matters
of interest.

The first share of stock paid for was disposed of at a church
fair, in one dollar subscriptions, and was awarded by lot, to one
of the summer residents of the town. Subscriptions came in
quite rapidly, and at an adjourned meeting held August 16, at
which Mr. Ebed L. Ripley presided, it was announced that about
$37,000 of the stock had been subscribed for, which, with what
Messrs. Goodhue and Birnie had agreed to take, left onlv about
$8,000 to be placed.

The original subscribers for stock were as follows : —

SB

Goodhue & Birnie . . .

ARES.

250

Charles B. Barnes ...

50

50

Hingham Mutual Fire Ins. Co.

. 50

30

an

25

Charles F. Shimmin

25

90

William B. Merrill ....

20

James S. Hay ward. Boston

20

Andrew S. Briggs . .

20

John S. Hooper

10

10

■ 10

SnARES

Morris F. Whiton 10

John P. Spaulding, Boston . . 10

Charles Siders 10

John De Wolf, Brookline . . . In

Herbert C. Nash, Boston ... 10

Starkes Whiton 5

Wm. Fearing, 2d 5

Arthur Lincoln 5

II. M. Clark 5

E. J. Andrews 5

J. A. Ordway 5

Henry C Harding 5

E. W. Hay ward 5

J. F. Clement 5

Martin Haves 5

David Cushing, 2d 5

Water-works.

267

SHAKES.

John D. Long 3

Penelope R. Walbach, Boston . 3

Sarah C. Williams 3

C. H. Alden 3

Fannie M. Pray, Boston ... 3

Charles Howard 3

Benjamin Andrews 2

Fearing Burr & Co 2

Francis Overton 2

Edmund Hersey, 2d 2

Charles A. Lovett 2

George P. Cushing
John C. Hollis . .
George Cushing
William C. Wilder
Alonzo Cushing

SHARES.

. . 1
. . 1
, . 1
. . 1
1

Joseph Jacobs, Jr 1

L. J. B. Lincoln

William J. Nelson ....

Isaac Hersey

Charles C. Melcher ....
Elihu Thayer

The Company was organized Saturday, August 23, 1879, by
the choice of the following officers : Clerk, Starkes Whiton.
Directors : Ebed L. Ripley, Starkes Whiton, George P. Hay ward,
Charles B. Barnes, E. Waters Burr, Samuel Downer, Charles L.
Goodhue, Arthur Lincoln, and William J. Nelson. Auditors :
Henry C. Harding, Charles Siders.

At a subsequent meeting of the Board of Directors Ebed L.
Ripley was elected President, and Starkes Whiton, Treasurer.

A Building Committee, consisting of the President and Treas-
urer, with Messrs. George P. Hayward and William J. Nelson, was
afterwards chosen.

On the following Monday Messrs. Ripley and Hayward met
Messrs. Goodhue and Birnie, water- works contractors of Spring-
field, Mass., at the office of Charles B. Barnes, in Boston, to confer
with them in regard to material and method of construction.

The result of this conference was the acceptance of an offer
made by them to construct and complete the works on or before
July 4, 1880. Telegraphic orders were at once forwarded for
shipment of material, and thus the work was practically com-
menced within forty-eight hours after the organization of the
company. This action was afterwards confirmed by the Building
Committee, and a contract was made by them with Messrs. Good-
hue and Birnie to build the works according to specifications
drawn by Mr. M. M. Tidd of Boston, who was employed as
engineer.

On the morning of Wednesday, Sept. 10, 1879, work was com-
menced on Otis Street, in front of the residence of Hon. John D.
Long, then Lieut.-Governor of the State, who with others was
present at the ceremony of breaking ground, which at the request
of Mr. Goodhue was performed by Mr. George P. Hayward, whose
enthusiasm on the water question, and whose untiring efforts to
push the undertaking to a satisfactory conclusion made it partic-
ularly fitting that he should commence the actual work which was
to crown those efforts with success.

On receiving the proper tools Mr. Hayward said : —

I congratulate you, kind friends, on the commencement of measures
for furnishing you with an abundant supply of pure water. I congratu-
late the workingmen of Hingham, who have been selected by special

268 History of Hingham.

agreement to assist in the construction of these works, that they are to
have steady employment for many weeks. Mr. Goodhue is a working-
man, and he will expect you to do your part faithfully. God speed and
bless this good work.

Mr. Hay ward then removed his coat and closed the exercises
with a short but vigorous use of the pick and shovel.

At night six hundred feet of trench had been dug. The work
was rapidly forwarded, and the first pipe was laid on Otis Street
on Saturday, Sept. 13, 1879.

Near the junction of Otis Street and Downer Avenue a ledge
was encountered, and at this point occurred the only serious acci-
dent which happened during the building of the works, — Dennis
Scully, a ledgcman engaged in blasting, being instantly killed by
a flying stone.

Work was commenced at the Pond, Oct. 9, 1879. A temporary
dam of earth and wood nearly one hundred feet long was thrown
across the little bay at the north end, the water was drawn out
through the old mill-flume, and a sixteen-inch conduit laid into the
pond some seventy feet from the gate-chamber, which was built
just within the old dam. The last pipe was laid, November 25,
during a heavy southwest gale which threw the spray over the
coffer dam, drenching the workmen and giving rise to serious
apprehensions as to the safety of the temporary structure. No
accident occurred, however, and the conduit was finished, the
temporary dam removed, and the permanent one repaired and
strengthened by a core wall of concrete, which was subsequently
extended easterly along the base of the ridge five hundred feet to
cut off leakage.

Work was suspended during the winter, and commenced again
in April, 1880 ; and on June 23, at eight o'clock in the evening,
the main gate in the screen well at Accord Pond was partly
opened by the gentleman who had so enthusiastically broken
ground for the commencement of the work some nine months
before ; and in about two hours the fourteen-inch main was filled
as far as the gate opposite Liberty Hall. On the evening of June
25 the pipes were filled to the gate opposite the South Meeting-
House. Mr. John Gushing was the first customer to receive water
from his house faucet, and the first fire stream was thrown from
the hydrant near his house about ten o'clock.

The remainder of the twelve-inch pipe was slowly filled. Sev-
eral hydrants proved defective, and one leak was caused by the
failure of a plug in the branch for Pleasant Street. These repairs
delayed the work of letting on the water until June 30, when at
two o'clock in the morning the first stream was thrown from the
hvdrant near the Railroad Station.

On the following Monday, July 5, the hydrant service was tested
by the fire department, and seven effective streams were thrown
at the same time in the vicinity of Broad Bridge.

Water-works.

269

ACCORD POND.

In 1881 the Company, under authority of an act of the Legis-
lature, extended the pipes to Nantasket Beach and along the
Jerusalem Road in Cohasset, and in 1882 to Hull village. An
iron stand-pipe forty feet in diameter and forty-two feet in height
was erected on Strawberry Hill on land given for the purpose by
the owners of the premises.

The supply by gravity proving insufficient for the demand of
the high service in Hull and on the Jerusalem Road, a pumping*
station was erected at Weir River, on land purchased of Celia B.
Barnes, in 1884, and a Deane pumping-engine with a capacity of
a million gallons in twenty-four hours was connected with the
Rockland Street main to increase the pressure on the Hull and
Cohasset systems. A conduit was also laid from the Foundry
Pond, on land of Thomas Weston, to the pumping* station as aa
auxiliary supply in case of emergency.

In 1886 the consumption at the seashore having increased to
such an extent as to seriously affect the pressure on the Hingham
system, and the supply from the Foundry Pond being at times
objectionable, the Company purchased the Fulling Mill Pond on
South Pleasant Street, under authority of an act of the Legisla-
ture passed March 22, 1866, and a twelve-inch conduit was laid
by Messrs. Goodhue and Birnie from this pond through private
lands to the pumping station, thus furnishing an independent
supply for the pump, and greatly increasing the efficiency of the
whole plant.

The cost of the works to July 1, 1891, including land and water
damages, was $276,930. The main pipes extend from Fulling
Mill Pond to the pumping station, and from Accord Pond through

270 History of Hingham.

the principal streets to Downer Landing, to Windmill Point in
Hull, and to Pleasant Beach in Cohasset, — a total length of 43
miles. Protection from fire is given by 187 hydrants, and water is
supplied to 1,336 customers, including all the hotels, steamboats,
railroads, street-watering carts, and public drinking-fountains, as
well as private dwellings for domestic, lawn, and other uses.

It is fortunate for those who are thus benefited that prompt
measures were taken to secure Accord Pond to Hingham, there
being no other available source of supply within the limits of the
town. The increase in the assessed valuation of property in
Hingham for the 10 years preceding the introduction of water was
$193,342 ; the increase for the same number of years since the
works were constructed has been, as shown by the Assessors'
books, 8542,573.

The present government of the company is as follows : —

Ebed L. Ripley, President ; Starkes Whiton, Secretary and Treasurer ;
Geo. P. Hayward, E. Waters Burr, Ebed L. Ripley, Starkes Whiton,
Charles B. Barnes, William J. Nelson, Arthur Lincoln, Morris F. Whiton,
and Charles L. Goodhue, Directors ; Charles W. S. Seymour, Superin-
tendent.

The Board of Directors are nearly all Hingham men. With
the exception of a small part of the capital stock which was taken
by the contractors to show their confidence in the enterprise,
both capital stock and bonds were subscribed for and are now
held by residents of Hingham and their immediate personal
friends, and the citizens of the town may be congratulated on the
success of an undertaking so closely identified with Hingham
interests.

PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.

BY FRANCIS H. LINCOLN.

HINGHAM MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY.

The Hingham Mutual Fire Insurance Company was incorpo-
rated March 4, 1826. By the Act of Incorporation the persons
named therein and their associates were made a corporation for
twenty-eight years, with authority, when the sum subscribed by
the associates to be insured should amount to fifty thousand dol-
lars, " to insure for the term of one to seven years, any dwelling-
house or other building in the town of Hingham."

The first meeting of the Corporation was held April 12, 1826,
when officers were elected and a committee chosen to " report a
code of By-Laws," which were adopted May 16, 1826.

The objects of the Company are thus stated : —

We, the subscribers, owners of Buildings within the town of Hing-
ham, anticipating the advantages which may arise to us from having our
Houses and Buildings secured against Fire, upon the only just principles
of Insurance ; and as an Act of the General Court has been passed, in-
corporating a Company by the name of the " Hingham Mutual Fire In-
surance Company," which provides that funds shall be raised from
amono" the members, to be distributed among those whose Houses or
Buildings should be consumed or injured by Fire, originating in any other
cause except that of design in the Insured, do hereby subscribe our
names as members of the same, and do bind ourselves, our Heirs, and
assigns, to observe the following articles, and such other Rules as may be
adopted by said Company.

The By-Laws provided that " each policy shall be for the term
of seven years." By an additional Act passed Feb. 3, 1827, the
Company was " authorized to insure for any term of time not less
than one year, nor more than seven years, on any dwelling-house
or other building, and on household furniture in the County of
Plymouth," which was accepted by the Company " so far as re-
gards buildings."

An additional Act was passed June 8, 1831, granting permission
to insure " in any part of the Commonwealth." April 4, 1833,
the Directors voted to insure household furniture as well as build-
ings, and in the same year " that no one risk be taken which shall
exceed $3500, on any building, including furniture." This limit

272 History of Hingham.

was increased to $5000 in 1866, which amount has continued to be
the limit on any one risk to the present time (1893).

By additional Acts of the Legislature March 23, 1847, the char-
ter was renewed for twenty-eight years from 1851 ; and Feb. 5,
1875, the charter was extended indefinitely.

In 1881 the By laws were amended so that each policy should
be written for a period of live years, and in 1889, so that policies
could be written for periods or terms not exceeding five years. In
1888 the By-Laws were further amended so that the Directors,
who had previously all been chosen annually, should be chosen
for terms of one, two, and three years, and thereafter for three
years, one third of the Board being chosen each year.

Good fortune has favored the Company from the beginning of
its history. Eighty-six policies had been written on April 1,1827,
insuring property to the amount of 878,533. Xo losses occurred
under policies issued by the Company for nine years from its be-
ginning. The first losses occurred in April and July, 1835, one
in East Bridgwater and one in North Bridgewater, together
amounting to $1100. The first loss in Hingham occurred Oct.
29, 1842, when Mr. Quincy Bickneli's barn was burned, making
a loss of $187.

The management has always been conservative, and the prop-
erty insured has been confined, in the words of the By-Laws now
in force, to " dwelling-houses and other buildings not considered
by the Directors extra hazardous. They may also insure house-
hold furniture, wearing apparel, books, and such other articles
as arc kept in dwelling-houses for the pleasure and comfort of
domestic life."

Its standing is, as it always has been, among the very best of
the Mutual Companies in the State. To the prudent, careful man-
agement of Mr. David Harding, the first Secretary, who held
that office for nearly forty-eight years, much of the success of the
Company is due. Supported by safe advisers, his administration
of the Company's business leaves a record worthy of all praise.

It should be remembered that fire insurance was not so com-
mon a thing in the early days of the Company as now, and Mr.
Harding saw the business increase to the amount of $18,120,211.00
at risk, while he was Secretary. The amount at risk April 1. l£92.
was $25,457,628.00.

Mr. Harding's place of business, when the Company was started,
was on North Street, near the harbor, and the office of the Com-
pany, in its early years, was in the same place. During the first
year the meetings of the Company were held at the " Selectmen's
Room," "at the Schoolhouse near the Post Office," and "at the
Sehoolhouse on the Plain." The Directors' meetings were held at
the Selectmen's Room, Whiton and Fearing's store, and J. Lincoln's
store. April 7, 1827, the Directors " met at office."

At the beginning of 1844, the offices of the Insurance Company
and the Savings Institution, of which Mr. Harding was treasurer,
were moved to the second floor of the building at the junction

Public Institutions.

273

of North and South streets, where the Isaac Little Hose Company
is now located.

In 1859 a committee was appointed to confer with the Savings
Institution, in reference to the purchase of a lot and the erection
of a building for offices.

The lot on Main Street where the building now stands was pur-
chased, and a contract made with Mr. David Leavitt, of .Hingham,
for the building, which was completed, accepted, and occupied
Sept. 4, 1860.

The officers of the Company have been the following : —

Presidents.

. . . 1871

1826 Jotham Lincoln .
1842 John Beal . .
1816 Solomon Lincoln

1826
1871

1826
1833
1840
1842

1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1826
1827
1827
1832
1832
1 832
1832

1833
1833
1839
1839
1842
1842
1855
1856

1842
1846
1864

1864 Seth S. Hersey
1871 Amos Bates .

David Harding .
Henry C. Harding

David Whiton .
Jotham Lincoln
Francis G. Ford
Rufus Lane .

Secretaries.
187411874
187411877

Treasurers.

1833
1840
1842
1860

1860
1867

1874
1874

Directors.

Elijah D. Wild . .
Thomas Loud .
Moses Spragne, Jr.
Benjamin Thomas .
Seth dishing
Edward Wilder .
Ezekiel Fearing
John Beal
Francis G. Ford
Anson Robbins, Scituate
David Oldham. Jr., Pembroke
Benjamin Kingman, North
Bridgewater ....
Solomon Lincoln . .
David Whiton ....
Jacob H. Loud, Plymouth
Seth S. Hersev . . .
Charles Gill ."....

Rufus Lane

John Leavitt

William Foster ....

1832
1S33
1832
1S33
1827
1S27
1839
1855
184"2
1867
1841

1870
1864

1843
1880
1871
1856
1860
1871
1S71

1857
I860
1S63
1867
1870
1871
1871
1871
1871
1876
1876
1S76
1876

1876

1876
1877
1S84
1885
1891

Calvin A. Lincoln
Henrv W.

Gushing

John Leavitt
David Harding .
Henry C. Harding
Sidney Sprague .

1877

1867
1S74
1S74

1870

Caleb Gill ....
Amos Bates ...
Atherton Tildeu . .
Crocker Wilder
Warren A. Hersey
Demerick Marble . .
Quincy Bicknell . .
Joshua Tower .
Rufus P Kingman, Brockton
Enos Loring ....
Alonzo Cushiug
Eliel Bates ....
Ebenezer T. Fogg, South

Scituate 1885

Geo. W. Merritt, Scituate 1877
Arthur Lincoln
Henry C. Harding . .
William Fearing, 2d . .
William C. Wilder . . . 1891
Edmund Hersey, 2d . .

1S67
1876

1880

1876
1S84

1S8;

HINGHAM BANK.

March 25, 1833, David Whiton, Leavitt Souther, Luther J.
Barnes, Nathaniel Whittemore, and Moses L. Humphrey, their
associates, successors, and assigns were created a corporation by
the name of " The President, Directors, and Company of the
Hingham Bank," to be established in Hingham, and to continue
until Oct. 1, 1851, with a capital of $100,000, divided into shares
of §100 each.

The first meeting was held April 12, 1833, at the Old Colony

VOL. I. — 18*

274

History of Hingham.

House. Ebenezer Gay was chosen president, and John 0. Lov-
ett, cashier. The bank went into operation the same year, having
its olhce in the Derby Academy.

March 31,1836, an increase of the capital to $150,000, in shares
of $100 each, and Feb. 19, 1844, a reduction to $105,000 by
changing the par value of the shares from $100 to $70, and re-
funding the difference to shareholders, were authorized by the
Legislature.

May 2, 1849, the charter was renewed until Jan. 1, 1875, and
May 25, 1853, the Legislature authorized an addition to the capital
of $35,000, in shares of $70 each. The bank continued as a State
bank until 1865.

The Act of Congress authorizing the establishment of national
banks was passed in 1864, and April 25, 1865, the " Hingham
National Bank" was chartered with a capital of $200,000 in
shares of $100 each.

In October, 1873, the capital was reduced to $140,000 by chang-
ing the par value of the shares from $100 to $70. The charter
has been extended to April 24, 1905.

P rest dcu Is.

1833

Ebenezer Gay . . .

. 1842

1875

1842

Nathaniel Richards

. 1S62

1S76

1862

David Lincoln .

1867

1876

1867

Crocker Wilder

1875

Cash

iers.

1833

John O. Lovett . .

1873

1883

1873

James S. Tileston .

1883

1885

Dire

:tors.

1S33

David Whiton . . .

. 1843

1843

1833

Ebenezer Gay .

1842

1844

1S33

Rut'us Lane ....

1834

1844

1S33

Luther J. Barnes .

185 5

1845

1833

Benjamin Thomas .

1834

1845

1S33

Nathaniel "VYhittemore

1835

1S47

1833

Seth S. Hersey

1835

1849

1S33

Erancis G. Ford . •

1S42

1855

1S33

Leavitt Souther

1S34

1S55

IS 33

Thomas Hobart, Hanson

1S36

1S61

1833

James C. Doane, Cohassei

1844

1861

1833

John Bcal, Scituate

1844

1862

1834

Ebenezer T.Fogg, Scituate

1838

1866

1834

Edward Cazneau .

1837

1867

1834

David Fearing .

1845

1868

1835

Edward Thaxter

1841

1S70

1836

Thomas Loring

1841

1S70

1836

Caleb Gill, Jr

1837

1871

1837

George Lincoln

1867

1872

1 837

Nathaniel Richards

1862

1873

1S38

Henry Hersey . .

1842

1874

1841

Rufiis Lane, re-elected

1844

1874

1841

Thomas Loud . . . .

1855

IS 74

1S42

Royal Whiton • . . .

1866

1875

1842

William James. Scituate .

1844

1876

1842

Abraham H. Tower, Cohass

et 1 844

1875

Daniel Bassett, pro tern.
Charles Siders .
Joseph Jacobs, Jr.

Frank R. Hilliard . .
Bcnj. Arthur Robinson

Robert T. P. Fiske .
Daniel Bassett .
Ebenezer Gay .
David Lincoln .
Jedediah Lincoln
Barnabas Lincoln
Rufus Lane, Jr.
Alfred Loring .
Crocker Wilder
Peter L. Whiton
Thomas F. Whiton
William Fearing, 2d .
E. Waters Burr
Ephraim Snow, Cohasset .
Enos Lorintr ....
William Whiton . . .
Atkinson Nye ....
Peter L. Whiton, re-elected
Charles Howard

1876
1S76

1885

1S66
1S45
1S61
1867
1847
1S49
1S61
1875
1S75
1S70
1S6S
1872
1870
IS 73
1871
1875
1874
1874
1874

Abraham II. Tower, Jr., Cohasset
Charles Siders ....
Joseph Jacobs, Jr.
Daniel Bassett .... 1890
Edmund Hersey, 2d . .
Atkinson Nve, re-elected
William C Wilder . . 1S91

Public Institutions. 275

HINGHAM INSTITUTION FOR SAVINGS.

This institution was incorporated April 2, 1834, its object be-
ing, as stated in the by-laws, " to receive and securely invest the
savings of persons in moderate circumstances, who have not the
means or opportunity of making investments for themselves."

The institution was organized Nov. 8, 1834, when by-laws were
adopted and the following officers elected : —

David Wliitou, President.

Benjamin Thomas, ) rr- n . , ,
t?j j tm * r ' lce Presidents.
Xidward Ihaxter, \

David Harding, Treasurer.

Trustees.

David Andrews, Jr. Caleb Gill, Jr.,

Thomas Loring, Ezekicl Fearing,

Charles Lane, Daniel Bassett,

Marshall Lincoln, Zadock Kersey,

William Hudson, George Lincoln,

James C. Doane, Cohassct, John Beal, Scituate

One dollar was the smallest deposit received, and five dollars the
lowest sum put upon interest.

A notice of the organization in the Hingham Gazette of Dec. 19,
1834, says : —

We believe that savings iustitutions are admitted to be among the most
useful which have been devised for the protection of the interests of the fru-
gal and industrious who wish to make provision for times of need. Par-
ents, by making their children depositors, can teach them the advantages of
saving habits, and inculcate lessons of economy which may be remembered
through life. Seamen particularly, who wish to iuvest their earnings where
they will be secure in their absence, will find a great advantage in institu-
tions of this kind. We believe that the gentlemen who have consented to
manage the affairs of the institution here, from their practical experience
and knowledge of the affairs of our community, are exceedingly well
qualified to discharge their trust in a manner which will be highly satis-
factory to all who are interested.

How well this prophecy has been verified the history of the
institution testifies. The first deposit was received Dec. 24, 1834.
The amount of deposits, at the end of the first year, Jan. 1, 1836,
was $30,113.54. Of the 57 deposits received to draw interest from
Jan. 1, 1835, three remained in 1893, and of the 264 accounts
opened during the first year, eleven were still open in 1893.

The growth of the institution has doubtless exceeded the
anticipation of its founders, and its usefulness has been fully
proven. A single example will serve as an illustration.

One hundred dollars deposited at the opening of the institution
would have amounted, at the end of fifty years (1885), to $1,708.64,
showing an average annual gain of $32.17.

276 History of Hingham.

The following list of deposits serves to show the steady growth
of the institution : —

J;m.

1810.

§101,999.79.

Jan. 1S70.

983,236.37.

1815.

179,041.91.

1875.

1,409,583.85.

1850.

243,220.51.

1880.

1,503,347-05.

1855.

419,032.77.

1885.

1,7S2,021.40.

1800.

558,140.14.

1890.

1,970,022.15.

1SG5.

795,347.20.

To the faithful services of those who have been intrusted with
the interests of the depositors, the success of the institution is due.
Mr. David Harding, the father, and Mr. Henry C. Harding, the
son, have been the only treasurers from the beginning. For over
twenty-eight years Mr. David Harding performed his duties with
such integrity as to inspire universal confidence, and much of the
early prosperity of the institution was due to his care and faithful-
ness. He laid the foundation upon which the structure grew. On
the occasion of his retirement in 1863, he was presented by the
Trustees with a valuable piece of plate, appropriately inscribed, as
a testimonial to the value of his services.

It is but simple justice to say, also, that the interests of the de-
positors have been promoted by vigilant Trustees and careful and
judicious Boards of Investment.

The following announcement is in the " Hingham Gazette " of
Dec. 19,1834: —

Hingham Institution for Savings.

The organization of the above Institution having been completed, notice
is hereby given that the Treasurer will attend at the Hingham Bank on the
last Saturday of every month, between the hours of 10 and 12 o'clock, to
receive deposits, and transact other business. Persons wishing to make
deposits on any other day can do so by calling on the Treasurer at the
office of the Insurance Company.

The office was on North Street, near the harbor. The annual
meetings were held at the Hingham Bank until January, 1845,
and afterwards at the Treasurer's office. The first meeting of the
Trustees was held at the Hingham Bank, Nov. 24, 1834. and their
meetings continued to be held there until January. 1838. After
that date the January meetings only were held at that place.

January, 1836, it was " Voted, That the Board of Investment
provide an office for the use of the Institution which shall be the
place for transacting business on the regular deposit days.11 This
office was with that of the Insurance Company on North Street,
near the harbor, until both were moved in January, 1824, to the
second floor of the building at the junction of North and South
streets, now occupied (1893) by the Isaac Little Hose Company.

Sept. 4, 1860, the office was moved to the new building on Main
Street, which had been built for the purpose, in connection with
the Insurance Company, where it has since remained. The fol-
lowing have been the officers of the Institution : —

Public Institutions.

277

Presidents.

1834

David Wliitoa . . .

. 1843

1868

1873

1813

Daniel Bassett .

. 1848

1873

Daniel Bassett .

. 1890

1819

David Fearing . . .

. 1863

1890

Joseph Sprague .

. 1893

1S63

Atherton Tiideu . . .

. 1868

1893

Treasurers.

1S34

David Harding . . .

. 186311863
Trustees.

Henry C. Harding . .

1834

David Andrews, Jr.

1839

1856

Charles B. W. Lane .

188S

1831

Caleb Gill, Jr. . . .

1837

1857

David H. Abbott . .

1S60

1834

Thomas Loriug .

1846

1859

Caleb Gill, re-elected .

1869

1S34

Ezekiel Fearing . . .

1844

1860

Norton Q. Thaxter . .

1861

1S34

Charles Lane

1854

1861

John Leavitt ....

1870

1834

Daniel Bassett .

1848

1862

Anson Nickerson . .

1876

1834

Marshal Lincoln

1844

1863

Enos Loriug ....

1834

Zadock Hersey . . .

1852

1867

Joseph Jacobs, Jr. . .

1889

1834

William Hudson . .

1837

1867

Elijah Shute ....

1834

George Lincoln . .

1867

1868

Joseph SpragueT. . .

1893

1834

James C. Doane

1840

1870

William Whiton . .

1876

1S34

John Beal ....

1840

1870

Calvin A. Lincoln . . .

1877

1838

Royal Whiton . . .

1873

1873

Edmund Hersey, 2d .

1838

Caleb Bailey ....

1851

1874

Charles Siders . . .

1839

Rufus Lane ....

1859

1875

John Todd ....

1840

Atherton Tilden, Jr. .

186S

1876

Joseph Ripley . . .

1S40

Isaac Barnes ....

1873

1877

Demerick Marble . .

1842

David Fearing . . .

1863

1878

Edmund Hersey

1888

1843

Martin Fearing . . .

1S62

1883

Charles W. S. Seymour

1884

1844

David Lincoln . . .

1867

1884

Francis W. Brewer

1844

Caleb B. Marsh . . .

1875

1888

John C. Hollis . . .

1889

IS 46

John Baker ....

1852

1888

J. Winthrop Spooner .

1849

Daniel Bassett .

1890

1889

Josiah Lane ....

1851

Welcome Lincoln . .

1857

1889

William Fearing, 2d .

1852

Nathaniel Whittemore

1855

1890

Walter W. Hersey . .

1852

Rufus Lane, Jr. . .

1889

1891

Alonzo Cushiug . . .

1855

Amos Bates ....

1883

1893

Francis H. Lincoln . .

HINGHAM CO-OPERATIVE BANK.

In the spring of 1889, a number of young men of Hingham,
learning of the success of the Massachusetts co-operative banks,
their almost absolute safety for depositors, the advantage of and
encouragement to saving offered by their system of monthly de-
posits, ranging from one dollar to twenty-five, according to the
desire of each shareholder, the immediate participation of every
dollar, as soon as paid, in an equal share of the profits of the in-
stitution with every other dollar, their advantage to borrowers by
giving them the opportunity to repay their loan in regular monthly
payments together with a small ultimate cost for interest, and

278 History of Hingham.

their benefit to the community where located by encouraging
saving, home-building, and home-owning, — determined to organize
one here and call it the Hingham Co-operative Bank.

The interest of some older men, who are always ready to en-
courage any project for the good of the town and its people, was
secured, and on Wednesday evening, April 17, 1889, a public
meeting was held at Grand Army Memorial Hall, when Hon.
Starkes Whiton delivered an address on "The advantage of a co-
operative bank to a community and their business methods."
Mr. Whiton, whose duties as one of the commissioners of Savings
Banks for the Commonwealth had made him familiar with the
co-operative bank system, also delivered the address at a public
meeting, preliminary to organization, at Loring Hall, Saturdav
evening, April 20, 1889.

On Tuesday evening, May 28, 1889, a meeting for organization
was held at Grand Army Memorial Hall. By-laws were adopted
and the following officers elected : —

President — Ebed L. Ripley.
Vice President — Arthur L. Jacob.
Secretary — Walter B. Foster.
Treasurer — "William 13. Fearing.

Directors.

E. Waters Burr, Wm. Fearing, 2d,

Edmund Hersey, Thomas Howe,

Edward W. Bartlett, Francis M. Ripley,

George Price, Edward G. Tinsley,

Edgar M. Lane, Harry N. Andrews,

Charles W. Burr, Waite W. Simmons,

C. Sumner Henderson, Eugene F. Skinner,
Arthur M. Bibby. "

Auditors — William L. Foster, David Breen, Jr., Edward B. Pratt.

June 1, 1889, The Hingham Co-operative Bank was granted a
charter by the Commonwealth, and on the evening of the fifth
was opened for business in Loring Hall.

Lieut. Governor Brackett, who was to have made the opening
address, being unable to be present, the address was delivered by
Horace G. Wadlin, Chief of the Massachusetts Bureau of Labor
Statistics. D. Eldredge, the Secretary and Treasurer of the
Pioneer Co-operative Bank of Boston, — the first co-operative bank
organized under the laws of Massachusetts, — also of the Home-
stead and Guardian Co-operative Banks of Boston, followed Mr.
Wadlin, and explained the system. Four hundred and seven
shares were sold at this meeting, and 8400 was sold to a bor-
rower at five cents premium. Joseph O. Burdett was appointed
the bank's attorney at this meeting.

On the 31st of December, 1892, there had been 2,790 shares
issued in eight series, of which 2,517 shares are now in force.
The real estate loans amount to $55,050.00 ; the share loans

Public Institutions. 279

amount to $2,850.00 ; and the total assets amount to -159,493.43.
Since organization there had been paid to withdrawing share-
holders $4,074.25. Forty-one of the members are now paying
for their homes through the bank.

The present officers of the bank are : —

President — Ebed L. Ripley.
Vice-F 'resident — C Sumner Cushing.
Secretary and Treasurer — Walter B. Foster.

Finance Committee — Win. Fearing, 2d, George Price, Eugene F. Skinner.
Security Committee — E. Waters Burr, Edward W. Bartlett, Francis M. Ripley,
C. Sumner Gushing, Stetson Foster.

Directors.

The above named officers and committees and

Thomas Howe, Arthur M. Bibby,

Waite W. Simmons, John C. Hollis,

Edward G. Tinsley, Edwin J. Pierce,

C. Sumner Henderson, George R. Turner.

Auditors — William H. Thomas, Charles W. S. Seymour, Louis P. Nash.

Attorney — Edward B. Pratt.

LORING HALL.

In May, 1845, a public meeting of ladies was held for the pur-
pose of ascertaining how many were disposed to co-operate in
" a vigorous effort " to supply the want of " a commodious and
suitable building for Lectures, Picnics, and Social Meetings of all
kinds." At this meeting it was determined by the ladies to hold
" a fair to aid in building a Lyceum Hall," and a committee was
appointed to make the necessary arrangements for the attain-
ment of the object. The ladies composing this committee, and
who persevered to the end, were —

Mrs. Rufus W. Lincoln, Mrs. David Harding,

" Caleb B. Marsh, " Joseph Sprague,

" Job S. Whiton, " John P. Hersey,

" Royal Whiton, " John Gill,

Miss Susan Lincoln.

By means of a Fair, a Concert, a Social Party, etc., the com-
mittee, with the aid of many others who felt an interest in
the undertaking, succeeded in obtaining the sum of $659.56,
which was deposited in the Hingham Institution for Savings,
until withdrawn to be applied to the object for which it was
designed. The fund had accumulated, when thus applied, to the
amount of $926.77.

In 1851, by the kind suggestion of a lady who took a deep
interest in the project, the wants of this community were made
known to Col. Benjamin Loring, of Boston. He immediately
offered to supply the funds necessary for the erection of a suitable
building.

280

History of Ming ham.

Col. Benjamin Loring1 was born in Hingham, Dec. 17, 1775,
and died in Boston, Dec. 24, 1859. His affection for his native

Loring Hall; Insurance Company and Savings-Bank Building.

town had caused in him a desire to do something which might
be a permanent memorial of that sentiment, and this project
seemed to afford him such an opportunity.

In July, 1851, the committee of ladies had appointed Robert T.
P. Fiske, Caleb B. Marsh, Ebenezer Gay, and Solomon Lincoln to
purchase a site for the Hall. A lot was purchased of Thomas
Loring, situated on Main Street, near the Old Meeting-house, and
the funds of the ladies were expended in paying for the lot and in
preparing a foundation for the Hall.

To carry his design into effect, Colonel Loring appointed a
building committee, which as finally constituted consisted of the
following persons : —

Solomon Lincoln, Robert T. P. Fiske,

Marshall Lincoln, Caleb B. Marsh,

Hersey Stowell, Atherton Tilden,

Joseph Sprague.

The ladies appointed the same committee to cause the lot to be
prepared and the foundation to be laid.

The plans, drawings, and specifications for the building were
made by Arami B. Young, of Boston. A contract for its erection
was made Oct. 31, 1851, with Samuel Virgin, of Boston.

i See Vol. Ill p. 35.

Public Institutions. 281

The building was built with reference to commodiousness and
utility, and contains on the lower floor a hall, kitchen, and
dressing-rooms, and on the main floor a hall with a seating capa-
city of from four to five hundred persons. The dimensions of
the building are 45 by 68 feet.

Upon the completion of the building, Mrs. Elijah Loring, of
Boston, and her daughters, Miss Abby M. Loring and Mrs. Cor-
nelia W. Thompson, generously contributed the means for pur-
chasing settees, chandeliers, lamps, mirrors, sofa, tables, carpets,
chairs, and other appropriate furniture for the various rooms, at
an expense of $619.93. Col. Loring also contributed a further
sum of $372.77, for the cost of a furnace, extra work, etc., making
the amount expended by him as follows : —

Cost of superstructure $4,062.80

Furnace, etc., 372.77

$4,435.57

Mrs. Thomas Wigglesworth, of Boston, also gave $25, which
was expended in grading the lot.
The money contributed was —

Lyceum Hall (Ladies) Committee . . $984.24

Col. Benjamin Loring . . . . . . 4,435.57

Mrs. Elijah Loring and daughters . . 619.93

Mrs. Thomas Wigglesworth .... 25.00

$6,064.74

The building was dedicated by appropriate services Oct. 14,
1852. On that occasion there were remarks by Solomon Lincoln,
who gave a brief history of the undertaking, and read Colonel
Loring's deed of trust, and by Colonel Loring, who addressed
the audience at considerable length, giving an interesting sketch
of his early life, a concise statement of his motives in causing
the hall to be built, and an explanation of the trust deed. At
the close of his remarks he delivered the deed to Marshall
Lincoln, who received it in behalf of the Trustees, and stated
that it would be their endeavor to fulfil the wishes of the generous
donor in accordance with the spirit and letter of the deed ; and
that the Trustees had voted at their first meeting to give to the
edifice the name of Loring Hall. After singing, an appropriate
prayer was offered by Rev. Joseph Richardson; then a Hymn
of Dedication, composed for the occasion by James Humphrey
Wilder, was read by Rev. Albert Case, and sung with fine effect.

An address was delivered by Rev. Oliver Stearns, of which the
subject was " Knowledge : Its Relation to the Progress of Man-
kind ; " and the exercises were closed by singing.

The singing was acceptably performed by a select choir, under
the direction of Nathan Lincoln.

282 History of Hingham.

After the conclusion of the services, Col. Loring and his friends
and other invited guests, together with the several committees of
ladies and gentlemen who had been concerned in the preparatory
arrangements for the occasion, repaired to the lower hall, where
they partook of an elegant and bountiful repast, and passed an
hour or more very agreeably in the interchange of congratulations
and other pleasant social intercourse.

Solomon Lincoln presided at the entertainment. He called
upon George S. Hillard and Joseph Andrews of Boston (the
former once a resident and the latter a native of Hingham), both
of whom responded in very interesting and agreeable speeches.
Thomas Loring also favored the assembly with a sketch of the
fortunes of the brothers Loring, and of their eminent success
in life.

The festivities of the occasion were closed by a ball in the
evening, which was attended by several hundred ladies and gen-
tlemen. Col. Loring visited the hall in the evening, and was re-
ceived by the managers in presence of the large company in a
manner expressive of their deep sense of his munificence to the
inhabitants of Hingham.

DEED OE TRUST.

To all Men to whom these Presents shall come, Benjamin Loring,
of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, stationer,
sends greeting :

Whereas a certain lot of land, hereinafter described, in the town of
Hingham, in the county of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts, was
heretofore purchased for the sum of five hundred dollars by certain ladies
of the said town of Hingham, and the foundation for a hall was built there-
upon by them ; and whereas the said lot of land, with the said foundation,
was conveyed to me by Thomas Loring, of said Hingham, by deed dated
August 14th, A. D. 1851, and recorded with the records of deeds in
Plymouth county, Lib. 245, fol. 264, with the understanding and agree-
ment that I should cause to be erected thereupon, at my own charge, a
building or hall, to be used for the purposes hereinafter set forth ; and
whereas the said hall has been built and I am now desirous of making such
conveyance of the said premises as shall carry into effect my purposes and
wishes in the erection of said hall ;

Now know ye that I, the said Benjamin Loring, in consideration of
the premises, hereby give, grant, release and assign unto Marshal Lincoln,
mason, Robert Treat Paine Fiske, physician, Joseph Sprague, merchant, Jos-
eph B. Thaxter, jun., optician, Solomon Lincoln, Esquire, Caleb B. Marsh,
sail-maker, and George Studley, cabinet-maker, all of Hingham aforesaid,
a lot of land, with the building thereon, lying on Main street in said Hing-
ham, bounded and described as follows : Beginning at the easterly corner
thereof, against land of John Baker, and running south forty-one degrees
west, one hundred and seven feet and nine inches ; then turning and run-
ning north forty-nine degrees west, seventy-one feet ; then turning and
running north forty-one degrees east, one hundred and four feet and nine

Public Institutions. 283

inches to Main street ; and then southeasterly by Main street to the
corner first started from. With all rights and privileges to the premises
belonging.

To have and to hold the aforegranted premises to them the said Marshal
Lincoln, Robert Treat Paine Fiske, Joseph Sprague, Joseph B. Thaxter,
jun., Solomon Lincoln, Caleb B. Marsh and George Studley, and to the
survivor of them and to the heirs and assigns of such survivor forever, as
joint-tenants and not as tenants in common, but to the uses and upon the
special trust and confidence as hereinafter provided, and none other.

This conveyance is made in token of my interest in my native town,
and my wish to promote the happiness and improvement of its inhabitants,
and is made upon the trust that the aforesaid trustees aud their succes-
sors forever, shall hold the said premises for the specific use and benefit of
the inhabitants of that part of Hingham which was comprised in the terri-
tory of the Old North parish of the said town ; not intending hereby to
exclude the inhabitants of the other parts of Hingham from such benefit
of this grant as may be consistent with the special use herein before
declared.

The said Trustees and their successors shall allow the said hall to be
used and opened for religious, moral, philanthropic, literary, scientific and
political meetings and discussions, and also for social entertainments and
all forms of lawful amusement, at such times, upon such conditions, under
such regulations and upon such terms, as the said trustees and their succes-
sors shall in their discretion prescribe.

The said Trustees shall alwavs be seven in number, and shall be chosen
from the inhabitants of the said parochial territory of North Hingham ;
and in case that any trustee shall remove his residence from said parochial
territory, such removal shall vacate his said office of trustee. And in case
of the death, resignation, or removal of any trustee, the remaining or sur-
viving trustees shall forthwith, by a majority of votes of their whole num-
ber, elect a new trustee , and the said surviving trustees, in case the said
vacancy shall have happened by death, or the resigning or removing trus-
tee in case the said vacancy shall have happened by resignation or removal,
shall make and deliver to the newly-elected trustee, such conveyance as
shall vest in him a legal title to one undivided seventh part of the said
estate. And I impose no restrictions on the said trustees as to the election
of their successors, but it is my desire that they shall discharge this trust
in a conscientious manner, and choose worthy, discreet and upright men,
and not be swayed by prejudice or partiality, having regard to the spirit
of their trust and the good of all concerned.

The said trustees shall keep the premises hereby conveyed insured
against fire, in good condition and proper repair, and shall provide for
their due superintendence, oversight, and care ; and for these purposes,
they are and shall be authorized to charge such amount for the use of
the same or any part thereof as shall defray the expenses requisite for the
aforesaid purposes, and all taxes lawfully assessed on said estate ; and
they may in their discretion charge such further sum therefor as shall de-
fray, in whole or in part, the expenses of any course of lectures which they
may deem it advisable to have delivered in the hall.

And in case the conditions of this trust shall not be complied with, this
gift shall be void, and the property shall be disposed of in such a manner as
may be ordered in my last will and testament.

284 History of Hingham.

In witness whereof, I the said Benjamin Loring have hereunto set my
hand and seal this seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord one thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty-two.

BENJAMIN LORING. [Seal.]
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, )
Suffolk, ss. Boston, June 7, 1852. \

Personally appeared the above-named Benjamin Loring. and acknowedged the foregoing
instrument by him subscribed to be his free act and deed.

Before me, GEORGE S- HILLARD,

Justice of the Peace.

In addition to the amount expended, as stated above, by Col.
Loring, he gave by his will "to the Trustees of 'the Loring Hall,'
in Hingham, the sum of one thousand dollars, to be kept invested
on interest, and the income applied to the upholding, repairing,
and embellishing the building."

Having made a provision in the deed of trust that in case the
conditions of the trust should not be complied with, the said grant
and gift should be void, he made further provision in his will in
case of such a violation of the conditions, as follows : —

I do devise and bequeath to the Corporation known as " Derby Acad-
emy," in said Hingham, and to their successors forever all my right, title,
and interest in the lands, Hall, and premises described and referred to in
said Deed of Trust.

The following persons have been trustees : —

Marshall Lincoln,* Robert T. P. Fiske,*

Joseph Sprague,* Joseph B. Thaxter,

Solomon Lincoln,* Caleb B. Marsh,*

George Studley,t Levi Hersey, J

Caleb S. Hersey, Isaac Hersey,*

Benjamin Andrews, Francis H. Lincoln,

Charles W. S. Seymour, Morris F. Whiton.

In 1887 Mr. Charles Loring Young, of Boston, gave to the
Trustees a portrait of Colonel Loring, his great-uncle, in trust, to
be placed and kept in the hall. It is an excellent copy, by Otto
Grundman, of the original, in Mr. Young's possession, painted by
Chester Harding.

* Deceased. t Removed from Hingham. J Resigned.

Public Institutions. 285

WILDER MEMORIAL.

Martin Wilder1 was born in Hingham Nov. 16, 1790, and died
in Boston March 2(3, 1854. He was a descendant of Edward
Wilder, who settled in Hingham in 1637. Martin was one of that
remarkable family of twenty-one brothers and sisters, seventeen of
whom lived to maturity, fifteen of them being married. He was a
" carriage-smith by profession," as his will states, and early in life
he moved away from his native town, but always retained a strong
affection for it. In his will, which was admitted to probate in Suf-
folk County, April 24, 1854, are several legacies, among them one
giving to the " shareholders of the Third or Social Library, so called,
in Hingham, situated in the South Parish thereof, my library . . .
and book-case in which said books are deposited." The " residue "
of his property, both real and personal, he gave to Crocker Wilder,
James S. Beal, and Andrew Cushing, in trust, to form and estab-
lish a fund to be called " The Wilder Charitable Fund," for the
purpose of making loans of money from $100 to $300, to such
young men, residents of the South Parish, in Hingham, as had
served a regular apprenticeship at some mechanical business, with
which to purchase tools and stock, when they commenced business
for themselves ; to maintain an evening school for boys in said
South Parish ; and to purchase wood and coal for the comfort of
the poor and destitute in said South Parish, — all under certain
conditions imposed by the testator.

The amount received by the trustees, according to the inventory,
Aug. 20, 1855, was $8,357.50, in real and personal property.

The trustees, finding it undesirable and impracticable to carry
out all the wishes of Mr. Wilder in the manner prescribed by the
will, especially those relating to the maintenance of an evening
school, sought relief from the Supreme Judicial Court, and the
cause being heard, a decree was issued by Mr. Justice Endicott,
in 1878, which contains certain orders relating to the Fund, one
clause of which is the following : —

'»

Third. That this cause be referred to Jonathan White, of Brockton,
in the County of Plymouth, Counsellor at Law. as a special master, to hear
the parties and such evidence as may be offered and report to this Court a
scheme by which the residue of the income of said Trust property, includ-
ing one-half of the income of said fund of one thousand dollars, and the
surplus of income now in the hands of said Trustees not herein designated
to be applied to the poor, can be used for educational purposes under the
will aforesaid, in a manner most beneficial to the inhabitants within the
precincts named in the will.

Testimony was taken, the matter was considered by Mr. White,
and his report was filed Nov. 20, 1878, whereupon the following-
decree was issued : —

1 See Vol. m. p. 317.

286 History of Hingham.

Plymouth ss.

Supreme Judicial Court
At Chambers, Boston, April 15th, 1879.

James S. Beal et al vs. Roxanna Gross et als.

DECREE.

The report of the master to whom it was referred, by a decree entered
in this cause, to report a scheme, by which a certain fund, being the ac-
cumulation of income referred to in the will, and held by the plaintiffs as
Trustees, under the will of Martin Wilder, late of Hingham, deceased, can
be used for educational purposes, under the will, in a manner most bene-
ficial to the inhabitants of that portion of the town of Hingham, designated
in the will, as the South Parish, and in a manner not inconsistent with the
objects named in said will, having come in and been filed in this cause,
November 20th, 1878, and no exception having been taken thereto,

It is ordered, adjudged, and decreed, that the plaintiffs, Trustees as
aforesaid, shall appropriate and expend from out the said fund, together
with additions thereto, from accruing income mentioned in the third clause
of the former decree entered in this cause, and from accruing income from
the same source, within one year from the filing of this decree, a sum not
exceeding six thousand dollars, in the erection of a building in the vicinity
of the Meeting-house in said Parish, for the use and benefit of the inhabi-
tants aforesaid, under such rules and regulations as the Trustees shall from
time to time establish under the authority conferred by this decree.

And the said Trustees may upon the erection and completion of said
building, expend from year to year, all that portion of the annual income,
after the expiration of one year from the entry of this decree, accruing to
them from the trust fund, applicable to educational purposes, and any such
sums received for the use of the Lecture-Room, as hereinafter provided, in
keeping said building insured and in proper repair, and in furnishing, heat-
ing, and taking proper care of the same, and also in providing books and
papers for the Heading-Room and Library, and in procuring from time
to time lectures to be given on such literary, scientific, or historical sub-
jects, as shall be best adapted to the instruction and improvement of such
inhabitants.

The said Trustees may, under the rules and regulations to be established
by them, allow the Lecture-Room to be used by other persons for hire or
gratuitously, as the Trustees may determine in each case, for educational
and other purposes, not inconsistent with the terms aod objects intended
to be accomplished by this decree.

Provided however, if at any time it shall be necessary or expedient to
establish such schools as provided for in the will, it shall be the duty of the
Trustees to establish the same, and conduct them in the building aforesaid,
and defray the expense of the same from the income of the said fund* ap-
plicable to educational purposes, before any of said income shall be ap-
propriated to papers, books, and lectures, for the use and benefit of said
inhabitants, as hereinbefore provided.

• • • • • • •

Wm. C. Endicott, Justice.

Acting under the authority thus obtained, the trustees caused a
building to be erected on the easterly side of Main Street, near the

Public Institutions.

287

Meeting-house of the South Parish, to which they gave the name
of Wilder Memorial. It was completed and dedicated Dec. 18,
1879. The exercises of dedication consisted of singing; a short
historical account of Martin Wilder, by Rev. Allen G. Jennings ;
a prayer by Rev. Henry A. Miles, D. D. ; an address by Rev.
Edward A. Horton, upon the spirit of our New England institu-
tions, which produced such men as Martin Wilder ; and other ad-
dresses by prominent citizens and clergymen. .

Wilder Memorial.

The building- contains a

dining-room,

kitchen, reading-room,
and ante-rooms on the first floor ; and a large hall on the second
floor. It is conveniently planned and admirably adapted to the
purposes for which it is designed to be used, — an ornament to the
town and a fitting memorial of the liberality of its founder.

Public halls for meetings, lectures, and other purposes con-
nected with the social life of a community are a necessity. Lor-
ing Hall and Wilder Memorial afford good accommodation to
those sections of the town in which they stand. To the gener-
osity of their donors the people of Hingham owe many an hour of
pleasure and profit; and they may well serve the purpose of

288 History of Hingham.

suggesting future gifts for the promotion of the intellcetual and
social welfare of the town.

In this connection it may be interesting to mention other build-
ings which have been used for similar purposes.

Before the erection of Loring Hall in the north part of the
town, the hall of the Derby Academy was frequently used for
gatherings of various kinds. Wilder's Hall on Lincoln Street,
Little's Hall in the Union Hotel, and Willard Hall on Main
Street, were also the scenes of many meetings and social gath-
erings. In later years Agricultural Hall, at Hingham Centre, has
been the largest public hall in Hingham, and the Grand Army
Hall and Niagara Hall, both at Hingham Centre, afford accommo-
dation for that section of the town. The Town Hall, which was
also at Hingham Centre, was the largest hall in town before the
erection of Loring Hall, and for ten or fifteen years was often
used ; but after Loring Hall was built it was seldom used for
any purpose except town-meetings.

LODGES AND SOCIETIES.

BY FRANCIS H. LINCOLN.

It would be impossible to give a complete list of all the social
organizations which have existed in Hingham. Many have been
short lived and confined to limited circles, and it is difficult
to estimate their influence in the community. The present age
seems especially productive of a spirit for organization, and al-
most every department of social and industrial life has its central
body for the promotion of its peculiar interests. The most that
can be undertaken is to call attention to some which have been
specially prominent in the town's history, with an incidental
mention of others which have come to the writer's notice. If any
are omitted which should have been mentioned it is not because
their importance has been underestimated, but because oi the
great difficulty in obtaining knowledge of records which are either
lost or carefully hidden from view in the security of private pos-
session.

OLD COLONY LODGE OP ANCIENT FREE AND
ACCEPTED MASONS.

Upon the petition of John Young, Adams Bailey, George Little,
James Lewis, Charles Turner, Jr., David Jacobs, Jr., and William
Curtis, Jr., all Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, the Grand
Lodge of Massachusetts granted a charter to them to hold meet-
ings and work in the town of Hanover, Mass. This charter was
issued Dec. 10, 1792, and was signed by the following named
Grand Officers : John Cutler, Grrand Master, Josiah Bartlett, S.
G-. Warden, Mungo Mackey, J. G. Warden, Thomas Farrington,
Grrand Secretary.

The first regular communication of the lodge was held Dec. 24,
1792, at the house of Atherton Wales, innholder, in the town of
Hanover. The weather being unfavorable, there were only three
brethren present, and the meeting was adjourned to Thursday,

VOL. I. — 19*

290 History of Hingham.

Dec. 27, at four o'clock p. m. At this meeting John Young was
chosen W. Master, William Curtis, Jr. S. Warden, George Little,
J. Warden, Adams Bailey, Treasurer, Charles Turner, Jr., Secre-
tary. David Jacobs, Jr., served as Tyler. At this meeting Ath-
erton Wales was made an entered apprentice, and was the first
person to receive this degree of Masonry in Old Colony Lodge.
Charles Turner, Jr., was the first person raised to the sublime
degree of Master Mason.

The Lodge agreed with Bro. Wales to give him 1 s. 6 d. per night
for the use of his room, adjacent room and closet, for one quarter,
and also agreed with him to procure firewood and candles.

On the 3d Monday in January, 1793, it was voted that " in consid-
eration of the service performed for the Lodge by Brothers Charles
Turner, Jr. and David Jacobs, Jr., the Lodge will not exact of
them the usual compensation fixed on by the by-laws for being
raised to Master Masons." On the 3d Monday in March, 1793,
Samuel Barker was chosen S. Deacon, Seth Foster J. Deacon, and
David Jacobs, Jr., Steward. On the 3d Monday in June, 1793,
Charles Turner was chosen and installed W. Master.

June 24, 1793, St. John's day, was observed by services held in
Rev. John Mellen's meeting-house, " he delivering a well adapted
Discourse," which was followed by a Masonic oration given by
Bro. Josiah Hussey, after which a dinner was served by Bro.
Atherton Wales. There were present the following named breth-
ren : Charles Turner, Jr., W. M. : Samuel Barker, S. W. ; George
Little, J. W.; Adams Bailey, Treas, ; Seth Foster, Sec'y ; Josiah
Hussey, S. D. ; James Little, J. D. ; David Jacobs, S. S. ; William
Collamore, J. S. ; Atherton Wales, Tyler ; John Young, William
Curtis, Jr., James Clapp, Abijah Otis, Elisha Tilden, Joshua Bar-
stow, Judah Alden, Nathan Rice, Jotham Lovering, Luther Lin
coin, William Cushing, Gridley Thaxter, William Torrey, Silas
Morton, Charles Collamore, Henry Thaxter, John N. Mallory,
Gamaliel Bradford.

Sept. 30, 1793, it was voted " that Bros. Abijah Otis, Charles
Turner, Josiah Hussey, Elisha Tilden, and Adams Bailey be a
committee to confer and agree with Bro. Morton in regard to
building the proposed Hall, and procure an obligation for the
Lodge security, the work to be prosecuted as fast as possible, and
the Treasurer to borrow what monev should be wanted to earn-
on the building of the Hall." Nov." 18, 1793, "voted that Bro.
Paul Revere, Jr., represent Old Colony Lodge in the Grand Lodge
at Boston until superseded by another." June 16, 1794, the
officers were installed into office by the officers of the Most
Wor. Grand Lodge : John Cutler, Grand Master ; Samuel Dunn,
D. D. G. M.; Mungo Mackey, G. S. Warden; Samuel Parkman,
G. J. Warden ; William Shaw, G. Treas. ; Benjamin Russell, G.
Sec'y; James Hall, G. S. Deacon; Elisha Doan, G. J. Deacon;
Robert Gardner, G. Marshal. This was the first communication
held in the New Lodge Room, called Old Colony Hall.

Lodges and Societies. 291

January 19, 1800, "Voted, To convene at the Lodge on the 22d
inst. to hear a Eulogie to be delivered by Bro. Charles Turner
in memory of our illustrious brother, George Washington." The
Lodge met according to the vote, and marched in procession to
the Rev. John Mellen's meeting-house, where the service was ren-
dered in presence of forty brethren and a large congregation.

At a meeting of the Lodge held Oct. 26, 1801, Henry Thaxter
was a visitor to the Lodge when Caleb Bates and Ezra Lewis were
made entered apprentice and fellow craft, Bro. Caleb Bates
being the first resident of Hi ugh a in to receive the degrees of
Masonry in Old Colony Lodge. In August, 1803, Bro. Jotham
Lincoln, Jr., made his first visit to the Lodge, and in Oct., 1803,
John Leavitt, D. McB. Thaxter, Jotham Lincoln, Jr., Moses
Sprague, and James Stephenson were recorded as visitors to the
Lodge. April 12, 1805, Jotham Lincoln, Jr., was W. Master P. 6r.,
and Caleb Bates, S. Warden P. a. May 25, 1807, Bros. Ichabod
R. Jacobs, Paul Eustis, and Thomas Hatch were chosen a com-
mittee to confer with the brethren of Hingham in reference to the
removal of the Lodge to their town. Sept. 14, 1807, the Grand
Lodge of Mass. granted the petition to remove Old Colony Lodge
from Hanover to Hingham, Mass. Oct. 16, 1807, Bros. Jotham
Lincoln, Jr., Benjamin Beal, John Leavitt, Duncan McB. Thaxter,
James Stephenson, Moses Humphrey, and Welcome Lincoln, Jr.,
were made members of the Lodge.

Dec. 11, 1807, the Lodge held its first regular communication
in Hingham, Barnabas Lincoln, Jr. acting as Tyler, and the fol-
lowing named brethren were elected to office: Jotham Lincoln,
Jr., W. Master; James Stephenson, S. Warden; Ichabod R.
Jacobs, J. Warden; Charles Bailey, Treas. ; John Leavitt, Sec'y ;
Duncan McB. Thaxter, S. Beacon; Thomas Hatch, J. Beacon;
Benjamin Beal, S. Steward ; Caleb Bates, J. Steward.

March 4, 1808, Bro. James Stephenson was authorized to pro-
cure a new Seal for the Lodge. Oct. 28, 1808, Rev. Bro. Joseph
Richardson was a visitor. Dec. 9, 1808, Bro. James Stephenson
installed Bro. Jotham Lincoln, Jr., W. Master, and he installed
the other officers. Bro. Jotham Lincoln, Jr., continued as Master
until 1819. Bro. Caleb Bates was then elected and served for two
years, when Bro. Jotham Lincoln was again chosen and served
one year. Bro. Marshall Lincoln served for the two years 1822
and 1823, Bro. Fearing Loring for the three years, 1824, 1825,
and 1826, Bro. Charles Fearing through 1827, 1828, and 1829, and
Bro. Charles Gill from December, 1830, until the Lodge returned
its charter to the Grand Lodge, Dec. 31, 1832. The reasons for the
return of the charter were set forth in a public communication
signed by Jotham Lincoln, Charles Gill, David Harding, and Solo-
mon Lincoln, a committee of the Lodge.

Oct. 8, 1813, Bro. Artemus Hale acted as Sec'y pro tern. Dec.
13, 1816, Bro. John Leavitt, having served nine years as Sec'y,
retired, and Bro. Jedediah Lincoln was chosen to fill the vacancy.

292 History of Hingham.

Jan. 7, 1820, Bro. Jared Lincoln, of Boston, was made a Proxy
to the Grand Lodge, and continued for several years. Jan.
12, 1821, Wor. Bro. Jotham Lincoln installed Bro. Caleb Bates-
W. Master, — Rev. Bro. Joseph Richardson acting as chaplain.
Bro. Jerom Loring delivered an appropriate address, there be-
ing a large number of visiting brethren present. Feb. 10, 1821,
Bros. Jerom Loring, Jotham Lincoln, and Jedediah Lincoln were
chosen a committee to arrange for a Masonic Library in the
Lodge. Dec. 27, 1822, Bro. David Harding was chosen See'//, and
continued to hold the office until the charter was returned, Dec.
31, 1832. Nov. 12, 1824, Rev. Bro. Joseph Richardson, as D. D. G.
Master, made an official visit to the Lodge and delivered an ad-
dress. Dec. 30, 1824, the Lodge, with visiting brethren, proceeded
to the Old Meeting-house at half-past five o'clock for the public
installation of the officers. After singing by the choir and prayer
by Rev. Bro. Joseph Richardson, Wor. P. M. Marshall Lincoln in-
stalled Bro. Fearing Loring W. Master, and he installed the sub-
ordinate officers ; after which a sermon adapted to the occasion
was delivered by Rev. Bro. Calvin Wolcott of Hanover. May 27,
1825, by invitation of the Grand Lodge it was voted to attend the
laying of the corner stone of the contemplated monument on
Bunker Hill. Bros. Jotham Lincoln, David Harding, and Samuel
Hobart, with the stewards, were chosen a committee to make all
necessarv arrangements.

Dec. 27, 1811, "Voted, That the Lodge be holden for the year
ensuing at Bro. Jotham Lincoln's hall, the price being ten dollars
for the year." The Lodge continued to occupy this hall, after-
wards owned by Bro. Royal Whiton, until it surrendered the
charter Dec. 31, 1832, and also after the return of the charter
until April 11, 1855. After that date meetings were held in
Chilton Hall over C. & L. Hunt's store until January 13, 1860,
when the rooms in Lincoln's Building were consecrated and dedi-
cated to Masonic purposes, which have been in constant use by
the Lodge until the present time (1892).

Oct. 21, 1851, nearly twenty years after the return of the
charter to the Grand Lodge, a meeting of some of the members
of the fraternitv was convened at the Union House to take into
consideration the reopening of the Lodge. There were present
Bros. Marshall Lincoln, Royal Whiton, Alvah Raymond, John
P. Lovell, Lovell Bicknell, Bela Whiton, and P. Adams Ames.
Dec. 17, 1851, the committee, Bros. Marshall Lincoln, P. Adams
Ames, Royal Whiton, and John Basset, Jr., reported that they
had secured the return of the original charter and other pa-
pers to the Lodge, and the following named brothers were elected
to office: Marshall Lincoln, W. Master ; Bela Whiton, # Warden;
Dean Randall, J. Warden; John P. Lovell, »S'. Beacon; Warren
A. Hersey, J. Deacon; Royal Whiton, Treas.; John Bassett, Jr.,
Sec'y ; Lovell Bicknell, S. Steward; Alvah Raymond, J. Steward ;
Joseph Richardson and Stephen Puffer, Chaplains. Feb. 23, 1852,

Lodges and Societies. 293

the brethren met at Bro. Royal Whiton's house and proceeded to
(he New North Meeting-house, where the officers were publicly in-
stalled by D. D. G. M. Albert Case, in the presence of a large
audience. Dec. 18, 1855, VV. P. M. Marshall Lincoln installed
Uro. Bela Whitoii W. Master. Oct. 7, 1856, 28 members of the
Lodge withdrew to become affiliated with Orphan's Hope Lodge,
Weymouth, to which the original charter had just been re-
turned. Jan. 9, 1857, the Lodge attended the funeral of Wor.
Bro. Marshall Lincoln and rendered the Masonic burial service.
Feb. 9, 1857, W. Bro. Bela Whiton was for the second time
installed as W. Master at a public service in the New North
Church by D. D. G. M. Albert Case. After the installation of
officers an address was given by Rev. Bro. William R. Alger, of
Boston. June 17, 1857, the Lodge participated, by invitation
•of the Grand Lodge, in the inauguration of the Gen. Warren statue
at Bunker Hill, and procured the present banner of the Lodge for
the occasion. Dec. 22, 1857, W. P. M. Bela Whiton installed
Bro. Bela Lincoln W. Master, and the following named brothers
have filled the office since : Enos Loring 1859 and 1860 ; Warren
A. Hersey 1861 ; Edwin Wilder 1862 and 1863 ; E. Waters Burr
1864, 1865, and 1866 ; Charles N. Marsh 1867, 1868, and 1869 ;
Henry Stephenson 1870, 1871, and 1872; Jason Whitney 1873;
Charles W. S. Seymour 1874, 1875, and 1876 ; Charles T. Burr
1877, 1878, and 1879; John M. Trussell 1880 and 1881 ; Stetson
Foster 1882 and 1883; A. Willis Lincoln 1884; Stetson Foster
1885 ; Arthur L. Whiton 1886 and 1887 ; Wallace Corthell 1887
and 1888; William F. Harden 1889 and 1890; Charles. H. Mar-
ble 1891 and 1892. April 23, 1861, the Lodge gave the use of
its rooms to the committee for furnishing aid to the soldiers.
August 1, 1889, the Lodge, by invitation of the Grand Lodge of
Mass., attended the dedication of Pilgrim Monument at Plymouth,
Mass.

The one hundredth anniversary of the establishment of the
Lodge was celebrated Dec. 9, 1892, at Agricultural Hall. There
were literary exercises in the afternoon, when an Historical
Address was delivered by Rev. Bro. Joshua Young, D.D.,a former
chaplain of the Lodge. There were also addresses by W. Master
Charles H. Marble, and Most Wor. Grand Master Samuel Wells,
of the Grand Lodge ; a prayer by Bro. Edmund Hersey, Chap-
lain ; and original hymns, sung by the Apollo Quartet. A ban-
quet followed at which over four hundred ladies and gentlemen
were present. In the evening there was a ball. The occasion
was in every way worthy of the high character of this ancient
institution.

The above sketch was prepared by Mr. Edwin Wilder.

294 History of Hingham.

OLD COLONY LODGE, I. O. 0. F.

Old Colony Lodge, No. 108, Independent Order of Odd Fel-
lows, was first instituted in Hingham January 13, 1846. Its
charter, which is now in the possession of its successor, bearing
the same name, contains the signatures of N. A. Thompson,
Most Worthy Grand Master; E. M. P. Wells, Right Worthy
Deputy Grand Master ; William H. Jones, Right Worthy Grand
Secretary ; J. M. Usher, Worthy Grand Warden ; and Hezekiah
Pierce, Grand Treasurer. At the institution of this Lodge the
Grand Lodge of Massachusetts had had but three Past Grand
Masters : Daniel Hersey, E. H. Chapin, and Thomas II. Norris.

For several years Old Colony Lodge had a vigorous existence
with a large membership, but later, in 1852, internal dissensions
arose which reduced the membership, and on April 6, 1853, the
last meeting was held, and the charter subsequently surrendered
to the Grand Lodge.

The charter remained inoperative for twenty-nine years, or
until 1882, when in the spring of that year Fred H. Miller, Her-
bert 0. Hardy, and Horace J. Allen, resident Odd Fellows, suc-
ceeded in interesting a sufficient number to request a return of
the charter and the formation of a new Lodge. This was
granted, and on the 8th of September the Lodge was reinstitutcd
by the officers of the Grand Lodge. The petitioners for the return
of the charter were Henry Siders, of the original Lodge ; Fred
H. Miller, Herbert 0. Hardy, Horace J. Allen, and David 0.
Wade, of Crescent Lodge No. 82, East Weymouth ; and Henry A.
Tibbitts, of Mystic Lodge No. 51, Chelsea. On the night of rein-
stitution there were twenty-seven candidates initiated.

The new Lodge took up quarters in John A. Andrew Fall,
Whiton building, where they have since remained. The present
membership (in 1893) is seventy-five. The officers are as follows :

Noble Grand, — Arthur M. Bibby.

Vice-Grand, — Eben H. Cain.

Secretary, — Herbert O. Hardy.

Permanent Secretary, — Walter W. Hersey.

Treasurer, — Frank W. Nash.

Warden, — Edward Cowing.

Conductor, — C. Stuart Groves.

Inside Guardian. — Bertram L. Blanchard.

Outside Guardian, — William H. Leavitt.

R. S. Noble Grand, — Arthur F. Hersey.

L. S. Noble Grand, — Charles B. Whiton.

R. S. Vice-Grand, — Fred H. Miller.

L. S. Vice-Grand, — Barzillai Lincoln.

R. S. S.,~ Alfred J. Clapp.

L. S. 5., — Fred S. Wilder.

Chaplain, — Hiram T. Howard.

Sitting Past Grand, — C. Sumner Henderson.

Trustees, — Hiram T. Howard, Barzillai Lincoln, Arthur F. Hersey.

Lodges and Societies. 295

The following is a list of the Past Grands of the Lodge since
1882 : —

Horace J. Allen, Fred H. Miller, Barzillai Lincoln, Edward F.
Wilder, Walter W. Hersey, Henry Siders, Arthur F. Hersey,
Hiram T. Howard, Eugene F. Skinner, Herbert O. Hardy, Frank
W. Nash, Edward Cowing, Henry Jones, Martin L. Stodder,
Isaiah P. Pratt, John H. Stoddar, 2d, Charles L. Davis, C. Sumner
Henderson, Arthur M. Bibby.

WOMPATUCK ENCAMPMENT, No. 18, I. (>. 0. F.

This Encampment was instituted at Hingham Sept. 7, 1846,
and had among its members, during its existence here, some of
our most respected citizens. It continued in Hingham but a short
time, yet it succeeded in making itself a thorn in the flesh to its
superior power and became the object of severe discipline from
the Grand Encampment.

The difficulty came about in this way: In May, 1848, the Grand
Encampment had imposed a tax on the subordinate encampments,
which Wompatuck Encampment demurred at. There was no
objection to paying all proper assessments which could be shown
to be in accordance with the constitutional requirements of the
Order, and a communication to this effect was made to the Grand
Encampment, to which the Grand Patriarch made a reply, in
which he presented arguments at length for the propriety of the
tax. In an official communication, in language which was char-
acterized as " offensive," the Grand Patriarch was informed that
'; what was wanted was a constitutional reason for the tax, and
not advice." Thereupon the Grand Patriarch visited Hingham,
and " suspended the Encampment during the pleasure of the
Grand Patriarch and the Grand Encampment." Subsequently, a
committee of the Grand Encampment was appointed to consider
the whole matter, and reported in favor of confirming the action
of the Grand Patriarch, which report was accepted, but recom-
mending that if all due taxes were paid and the members expressed
a willingness to show proper respect to the superior power in
future, the Encampment should be reinstituted. It does not
appear that all the members were willing to comply with these
conditions, but in the latter part of 1849 some of the members
petitioned to be reinstituted. The Grand Encampment would
not, however, reinstitute part of the Encampment, Aug. 1, 1849,
the Grand Patriarch reported to the Grand Encampment that
Wompatuck Encampment had complied with the terms imposed,
and had been reinstituted at East Weymouth.

This, however, was not the end of the trouble, for some of the
members had continued the Encampment at Hingham, and had
requested the Grand Encampment to install the officers duly

296 History of Hingham.

elected, which request was of course refused. But the books and
papers were not surrendered to the East Weymouth Encampment,
and it was recommended by the Grand Encampment that the
East Weymouth Encampment institute proceedings against the
Hingham usurpers for the recovery of the records. Whether
there was any attempt to do so does not appear, but if there was
it did not prove successful.

The Encampment continued at East Weymouth until Feb. 2,
1851, when the charter was surrendered to the Grand Encamp-
ment. Oct. 27, 1875, the Encampment was reinstituted at East
Weymouth, where it has been in a flourishing condition ever
since.

The Chief Patriarchs from the time of its institution, in 1846,
until its suspension, in 1848, were Bela Whiton, Henry Siders,
and Robert T. P. Fiske.

JOHN A. ANDREW LODGE No. 1665, KNIGHTS OF

HONOR.

The Order op Knights op Honor is a secret benevolent so-
ciety, composed of a Supreme, Grand, and Subordinate Lodges.
Jt was established in June, 1873, by persons who believed that an
Order organized with the purpose of paying a death benefit as one
of its objects would meet with approval and success. Its aston-
ishing growth has proved their wisdom. The objects of the Order
are stated briefly by the Supreme Lodge, as follows : —

1. To unite fraternally all acceptable white men of every pro-
fession, business, or occupation.

2. To give all moral and material aid in its power to members
of the Order, by holding moral, instructive, and scientific lectures,
by encouraging each other in business, and by assisting one an-
other to obtain employment.

3. To promote benevolence and charity, by establishing a
Widows' and Orphans' Benefit Fund, from which a sum not
exceeding $2,000 shall be paid, at the death of a member, to his
family, or to any one related to him by the ties of blood or mar-
riage, and dependent on him for support.

4. To provide for the relief of the sick and distressed members.

5. To ameliorate the condition of humanity in every possible
manner.

John A. Andrew Lodge, No. 1665, was organized in Hingham,
June 30, 1879, with seventeen charter members. It meets regu-
larly on the first and third Wednesday evenings of each month.

Lodges mid Societies. 297

CORNER-STONE LODGE INDEPENDENT ORDER OF

GOOD TEMPLARS.

The Independent Order of Good Templars dates its birth
from the year 1851, in the State of New York, and crystallizing
the best features of former organizations, it was welcomed for its
systematic effort, thorough discipline, grand object, and just
belief that women should enjoy equal rights and privileges with
men. It is represented in every civilized country, and makes no
distinction in race, sex, or color.

Its object is, by moral and religious precepts, to teach men,
women, and children the evils of intoxication. By social ties,
oratory, song, debate, and various exercises to enlighten and
amuse, and make the Lodge Room and the Temple interesting.
It seeks to reclaim those fallen by means of strong drink, and to
prevent others from falling. By all ways in which the home is
made valuable, it strives to make the Lodge-Room, its fraternal
home, attractive.

Its platform is total abstinence for the individual, and prohibi-
tion for the State ; and it endeavors to arouse men to the impor-
tance of the ballot-box in the destruction of the dram-shop and
the protection of the family, home, and country.

Every person of good character is welcomed to the privileges of
the Order.

Corner-Stone Lodge No. 13, of Hingham, was instituted Jan. 22,
1881. Its meetings were held for one year in Abbott's Building,
on South Street, near Thaxter's Bridge, then for seven years in
Thayer's Building, corner of Broad Bridge and North Street.
In October, 1889, the Lodge took a lease of the upper story of
Abbott's Building, next west of the first place of meeting, formerly
called " Oasis Hall," and dedicated it as " Good Templars' Hall."

The Lodge is in a flourishing condition.

«

TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES.

The Hingham Temperance Society was in existence about
1830. May 2, 1836, the male citizens who believed in the princi-
ples of Total Abstinence organized themselves into the Young
Men's Total Abstinence Society. None of the members of the
original committee, who drafted its Constitution, or of its long
list of Vice-Presidents, are now living. March 7, 1842, the name
of the organization was changed to the Hingham Total Absti-
nence Society.

The Cold Water Army had an organization here in 1842, and
in 1844 the Women's Total Abstinence Society advertised its
meetings.

298 History of Hingham.

In Apil, 1852, Corner Stone Division of the Sons of Tem-
perance was formed, but after an existence of about fifteen years
it surrendered its charter.

In 1868 there was a Lodge of the Independent Order of Good
Templars instituted in Hingham, which existed for a few years
only, but another charter was granted to the " Corner-Stone "
Lodge already mentioned.

In the winter of 1875-76 a great amount of Temperance work
was done here, and many who had been habitual drinkers signed
the pledge. Meetings were held in all sections of the town, and
March 27, 1876, the Hingham Centennial Reform Club was or-
ganized, which has held regular meetings to the present time
(1893).

May 24, 1876, through the efforts of this Reform Club, the
Women's Christian Temperance Union was organized.

CLUB OF GENEROUS UNDERTAKERS.

Among the papers of Dr. Joshua Barker, of Hingham, there is
a manuscript entitled " Proceedings of the Club," containing
" The Laws, Votes, and Orders of the Club of Generous Under-
takers," which was founded Aug. 20, 1772.

preamble.

As a Cultivation of the Faculties wherewith we are vested by
the Supreme Author of our Nature is not only commendable but
highly incumbent ; and as Improvements in the Art of Speaking
hold the first Place in the Catalogue of Acquisitions, we the Sub-
scribers, fir'd with a noble Desire of rendering Ourselves suitable
Members of Society, and of more extensive Use to Mankind,
chearfully engage to form a Society by the Name of the Club of
Generous Undertakers, to meet statedly for the Purpose of Im-
provement in the Art of Speaking, and promise to subject our-
selves to the following Laws.

Joseph Loring. Joshua Barker, Jr.

Jotham Loring. Jos. Lewis.

Samuel Thaxter. Martin Leavett.

Francis Barker, Jun. John Thaxter.

Josiah Leavitt. Tho. Loring.
John Sowden Cole.

Several meetings were held, and the members spoke original or
selected pieces. The last minutes of proceedings are recorded in
February, 1773.

Lodges mid Societies. 299

JEFFERSON DEBATING SOCIETY.

This institution was formed in 1823 by those young men of
Hingham who were attached to the political principles of Thomas
Jefferson, for the purpose of acquiring " general and political
information." Monthly meetings were held for the discussion of
questions proposed by the government of the Society. The anni-
versary of its institution was celebrated every year by a public
address, and addresses by members of the Society were delivered
every quarter. The preamble to the constitution contains tbe
following : —

" The Republican young men of Hingham who adhere to the political
principles of that venerated statesman and ardent patriot, Thomas Jeffer-
son, desirous of increasing the ardour of their patriotism by the warmth of
their social affections, and of qualifying themselves to judge of the conduct
of their rulers by a knowledge of their own duties and rights, have agreed
and do hereby associate themselves. . . ."

There are one hundred and one names subscribed to the
constitution.

A great variety of subjects relating to politics and society were
discussed at the meetings. The records are very full, and the
society was one of the prominent institutions of the town in its
day. The last record is dated May 4, 1831.

HINGHAM DEBATING SOCIETY.

Formed Feb. 9, 1844.

At its meetings the usual range of subjects were discussed, and
the organization continued with more or less interest among its
members for two or three winters.

MONDAY NIGHT CLUB.

This club was formed in 1877, and its membership was limited
to about twenty-five. It was formed by gentlemen who felt that
it would be agreeable and profitable to meet together for the dis-
cussion of subjects of general interest. For the sake of harmony,
political and religious subjects were the only ones prohibited, as
the club admitted its members without regard to their political or
religious convictions. The club met during the winters at the
houses of its members in turn. The host read a paper upon some
timely topic, which was followed by a discussion of the subject,
after which a supper served to send the members home in good
humor. These meetings extended through eight winters. The
last meeting of the club was held in the spring of 1885.

300 History of Hingham.

GLAD TIDINGS LITERARY UNION.

This organization was formed in October, ls88, at South
Hingham, and still continues in existence for the study of modern
scientific subjects and moral questions. Its average membership
is fifteen. Its meetings are held weekly, during the winter, in
" Wilder Memorial."

SOUTH HINGHAM CORNET BAND.

This band was organized Oct. 8, 1866, with fifteen members.
The president and leader was Joshua Jacobs, Jr. The band dis-
solved Feb. 10, 1872. During its existence its leaders were
Joshua Jacobs, Jr., Nelson Groce, and Ira Wales, of Rockland.

HINGHAM BRASS BAND.

In 1866 Chas. W. S. Seymour, Wm. H. Thomas, Horace F.
Reed, Wm. M. Oilman, John B. Lewis, and Horace Peare, mem-
bers of Corner-Stone Div. S. of T., decided to organize a brass
band, procured instruments, and commenced rehearsals, which
were kept up through the year.

In the spring of 1867 new members were taken in, and the
band was reorganized under the name of the Hingham Brass
Band, with the following instrumentation : —

Horace Peare, 1st E i? cornet; C. W. S. Seymour, 2d Et> cornet;
Geo. L. Gardner, solo Bt> cornet; Leavitt Sprague, 1st Bi? cornet;
Wm. M. Gilman and Wm. B. Sprague, 2d B !? cornets ; W. H.
Thomas, solo alto ; Joseph H. Lincoln, 1st alto; Horace F. Reed,
1st tenor; L. 0. Cain, 2d tenor; John B. Lewis, B P bass; Joshua
Morse and D. W. Sprague, E 7 basses ; Chas. H. F. Stoddard, side
drum ; James B. Prouty, bass drum ; Sidney W. Sprague,
cymbals.

During the summer of 1867 Mr. Wm. F. Harden had charge of
the band. He retired from the band in November, 1867, and from
that time until September, 1869, Horace Peare acted as leader.
The band then hired Mr. Wm. E. White, of Quincy, as leader.
Mr. White led the band until January, 1875, when he moved to
Providence, R. I., and was obliged to give up the leadership. At
this time the band was very fortunate in securing the services
of Mr. T. J. Evans, of East Weymouth. He proved to be a fine
player and a good musician. Under his direction the band did
some very good work.

The band furnished music for the Hingham Agricultural &
Horticultural Society for 14 years, Post 104 G. A. R. 10 years, at
Derby Lecture for several years, and at the celebration of the
250th anniversary of the settlement of Hingham in 1885.

Lodges and Societies. 301

In the summer of 1886 the band suspended rehearsals, as many
of the members had moved away from town. The organization is
still kept up by holding the annual meeting each year at the usual
time.

The following citizens of Hingham and adjoining towns have
been members of the band at various times : —

Waldo F. Bates, Fred. H. Hobart, Edwin Hersey, E. C. Blossom,
Halah Harden, James Ballentine, A. L. Leavitt, Jr., C. Edgar
Tin-ell, E. H. Cushing, Calvin H. Young, Oren A. Beal, Geo. L.
Oudworth, Daniel W. Stoddard, John H. Tower, Arthur S. Fear-
ino\ T. C. Fearing, Herbert Wilder, Geo. R. Reed, Herbert Mead,
A. L. Stephenson, John Cartwright, Frank Clark, of Boston, C. b.
Burr, Wm. B. Fearing, Elmer E. Pratt, Walter Pratt, John French,
Walter Tuttle, J. Anthony Sprague, Frank Young, E. H. Cain.

Two of the original members belong to the organization at
the present time (1893), namely : C. W. S. Seymour and Horace
Pea re.

THE NATIONAL BRASS BAND.

This band is of recent origin and is composed of young men
with headquarters at Hingham Centre. It has already made its
appearance on a few public occasions, and is earnestly at work to
acquire a satisfactory proficiency. Leader, Fred L. Lane.

THE HINGHAM PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA.

This orchestra was organized Nov. 14, 1881, and the first re-
hearsal was held on Sunday afternoon, Nov. 20, 1881, at the resi-
dence of Mr. E. Waters Burr, at Hingham Centre. During its
active existence its list of members embraced those who played
upon the following instruments, first and second violins, viola,
violoncello, contra bass, flute, clarinets, cornets, trombone, drums,
triangle, etc.

Regular rehearsals were held every Sundav afternoon at Mr.
Burr's house. All the members gave their services except one or
two members from other towns, whose services were indispensable
for the proper formation of an orchestra. The expenses were
paid by giving public rehearsals, concerts, and furnishing music
for entertainments, school exhibitions, etc. The orchestra kept
together for about five years, until the formation of the Hingham
Choral Society. As most of the members joined its orchestra,
that society gradually took the place of the Philharmonic, and
since the death of Mr. Joseph T. Sprague, the president of the
Philharmonic Orchestra from the time of its formation in 1888, it
has had no regular rehearsals, although the organization has never
been disbanded.

302 History of Hingham.

THE CLARION ORCHESTRA.

This orchestra was formed at South Hingham, June 1, 1884,
with six members, and is still in a nourishing condition, prepared
to furnish music for any occasion.

HINGHAM MUSICAL EDUCATION SOCIETY.

This society was organized Feb. 5, 1848, "for the purpose of
improvement in music," with the following officers : —

President, David A. Hersey.

Vice-Presidents , John K. Corbett, Bela Whiton.

Secretary and Treasurer, Luther Sprague, Jr.

Executive Committee, Samuel Bronsdon, David Souther, Walton
V. Mead, Charles Howard, Jr., Joseph T. Sprague.

Conductor and Teacher, Nathan Lincoln.

In the notice for the first meeting members were requested to
be provided with copies of the " Carmina Sacra " and members of
the orchestra to bring their instruments. Tbe societ}r consisted of
about eighty members, and practice was mostly in anthems and
choruses. The orchestra was composed of violins, viola, violon-
cello, double bass, and flutes.

Its progress was apparently satisfactory during its first season,
and in the following autumn they resumed their meetings for
another winter's practice.

THE HINGHAM CHORAL SOCIETY.

This society was formed Oct. 6, 1869, and held its rehearsals at
the " Armory " at Hingham Centre, and once or twice in the hall
over the store of Alonzo Cushing, at South Hingham. From
various causes it was short-lived, being dissolved in March, 1870.
Its records show that the cantata of " Daniel " was creditably
performed in Loring Hall, Feb. 1, 1870, and that " in the opinion
of all the audience the concert was an entire success."

HINGHAM CHORAL SOCIETY.

This society was organized in 1885 for the purpose of the study
and practice of oratorios and other sacred music. Its rehearsals
have been held on Sunday evenings, in Loring Hall, from Novem-
ber to May, and they have been profitable and satisfactory to its
members in making them better acquainted with music of a high
order. The chorus has numbered about fifty, and the orchestra
from fifteen to twenty.

Lodges and Societies. 303

Edward E. Tower, of Cohasset, was conductor during the first
season, and Morris F. Whiton of Hingham 1886-1892, and Albert
E. Bradford has been conductor since that time. The musical
works to which attention has been principally given are Ballard's
" ninety-first Psalm," Gaul's " Holv City," Farmer's " Mass in B
flat," Mendelssohn's " Athalie," Haydn's "Creation," Costa's
•k Eli," and Mendelssohn's " Elijah," interspersed with other vocal
and instrumental compositions.

The public have been admitted to rehearsals, and on many occa-
sions the hall has been filled with an interested and appreciative
audience.

Other musical organizations have existed in the town, mostly
for brief periods and with limited membership, such as the Hing-
ham Glee Club in the 20's, Hingham Union Singing Society in
the 40's, Fife and Drum Corps in the 30's and Hingham Drum
Corps from 1888 to 1890.

PHCENIX club.

As early as 1849 some of the lads of Hingham Centre formed
a club which met at various places in that village for social enjoy-
ment. On the 27th day of November, 1851, it adopted as its name
'■ G. I. A. of Scribes and Pharisees," adopted a constitution and
by-laws, and hired the room over the store of Messrs. F. Burr &
Co. in which to hold its meetings. These were held monthly, with
a special meeting on the afternoon of the annual Thanksgiving
Day.

Xov. 24, 1853, the name was changed to " United Associates,"
and under this name it was continued until March 7, 1856, when
the room was given up ; but on the same day it was reorganized
under the name of the " Phoenix Club," by which title it is still
known, meetings having been held as often as once in each year,
sometimes in this town but more frequently in Boston. Of the
twenty-two original members all but seven are still living, but re-
signations in the early years of the club's existence reduced the
membership so that the number in 1862 was only fourteen ; of
this number nine are now living and have all been able to attend
the meetings of the Club for the past ten years.

The Directors chosen in 1856, when the present name was
adopted, were Ebed L. Ripley, Starkes Whiton, and Edwin Fearing.
Mr. Fearing at his decease was succeeded by Henry Stephenson,
who died in 1887, and he was succeeded by Wm. Fearing 2d ;
Messrs. Ripley and Whiton have held office continually since
their first election.

In the earlier years of its existence, and under its several titles
this club did much towards furnishing enjoyment to the people of
the town by arranging for sociables, fancy-dress balls, and 4th of
July parades.

304

History of Hingham.

SOCIETY OF MUTUAL AID.

Hiiebam ...Press ol J. FVraer IU1.

Hults ano Regulations

or THE

SOCIETY OF MUTUAL AID

worn

DETECTING THIEVE!

0 M U 0 M Q U &

FORMED "IN 1819.

s,

The illustration above is taken from the heading of a broadside,
which indicates the purpose for which the society was formed in
1819, but which is more fully explained in the preamble which
follows : —

The practice of stealing has become so prevalent that it becomes
necessary for the well disposed to unite in the most effectual measures for
protecting their property against the depredations of the unprincipled, and
of mutually aiding each other in bringing such offenders to the punish-
ment they may deserve, and as provided by the just laws of our country.

We, the subscribers, do therefore associate ourselves together, for the
above purpose, and also the more effectually to recover any property that
may at any time be stolen from a member of this Society ; and engage to
comply with the following Rules and Regulations.

The Rules provide for the election of a Treasurer who should
also be Clerk, a Standing Committee, and a Pursuing Committee.

In 1822, the society voted unanimously that the widows of de-
ceased members should be entitled to all privileges, and be con-

Lodges and Societies. 305

sidered members of the society, " so long as they continue such
widows."

A list of members in 1847 contains eighty-five names.

The Society existed until 1864, a period of forty-five years, and
Mr. David Andrews was its Clerk and Treasurer from the time of
its foundation until his death, which occurred Oct. 7, 1863.

At the annual meeting held Jan. 5, 1864, a resolution of respect
to the memory of Mr. Andrews was adopted, Mr. Daniel Bassett
was chosen Clerk and Treasurer, and the meeting adjourned to
Feb. 2, 1864, when it was voted that the society be dissolved and
the funds divided equally among the members.

THE HINGHAM MUTUAL FIRE SOCIETY.

This society was formed in 1803. A pamphlet, printed by
Hosea Sprague, West Street, Boston, 1804, contains its constitu-
tion with the following preamble : —

We whose names are underwritten, in order to draw close together
the bond of union, that our friendship may be perpetuated by our poster-
ity to the remotest ages, to aid and assist each other through this gloomy
world, to promote and encourage social virtue, to provide for and wrest
our property from that devouring element fire, do constitute a society and
have denominated ourselves the Hingham Mutual Fire Society, and
for ourselves and those who hereafter may be admitted as members do or-
dain and establish the following Constitution.

The edition of the constitution printed in 1809 contains the
following revised preamble, as if the former one were not emphatic
enough in stating the objects of the society : —

In large and increasing cities and towns, no societies have proved more
beneficial than those established for the purpose of rendering assistance in
the hour of peril, as well to the public in general as to their individual
members, under circumstances which have laid them in ashes and devas-
tation. To cement, therefore, the bonds of Union, promote harmony
in a social circle, and thereby associate those sensations of mind, which
serve to beautify society ; with a view to usefulness which should be the
primary motive in the formation of every institution ; and more particu-
larly for the purpose of protecting our own and the property of our friends
and neighbors from the ravages of that all-devouring and destructive ele-
ment Fire, — we the subscribers have formed ourselves into a society,
under the name of the Hingham Mutual Fire Society.

Article VI. of the constitution was as follows : —

Each member shall provide at his own expense two leather buckets to

be painted sky blue, the inside red, with the name of the society, and

two hands link'd together ; and also one strong bag one yard and a half

long and the same bigness round, with a suitable line so fix'd as to draw

vol. i. — 20*

306 History of Hingham.

the same together, and the owner's name on the outside. The huckets
shall be kept hung in a conspicuous place at the house of each member,
with the bag inside one of them, and shall not be used at any time but at
a fire ; and should any member lose any of the above utensils at a fire
and not be able to find the same after making diligent search and advertis-
ing the same, the loss shall be made good by the society at large.

The society disappeared from public view with the advent of
fire engines. Many of the old buckets are preserved in town as
interesting relics.

The Home Dramatic Club, the Thespian Club, and Catholic
Dramatic Association, all organized within the past ten years,
have given local dramatic entertainments with success. The Cro-
quet Club at Hingham Centre, which disbanded a few years
since, was for ten or fifteen years a prominent feature in the life
at Hingham Centre. This with a Tennis Club and numerous
Base Ball clubs of recent and variable terms of existence repre-
sent the interest in athletic sports. The Social Club and Owl
Club are composed of young men for purely social purposes.

There have been and are numerous clubs for literary im-
provement such as are found in every community, which are
so much of a private nature that the present work seems hardly
to include them.

NATIVE AND RESIDENT PHYSICIANS.

BY GEORGE LINCOLN.

In most of the older towns of eastern Massachusetts, the earlier
ministers were practising physicians as well as pastors. This
was undoubtedly the case in Hingham from the time Rev. Peter
Hobart and his company arrived, in September, 1635, until his de-
cease in 1679. He had received a liberal education at Magdalene
■College, England, where he took his degree of Bachelor in 1625,
and of Master of Arts in 1629. He undoubtedly was qualified to
(ill a*v" professional position ; and after nine years of experience
as a preacher at old Hingham, came with his followers and settled
in our Hingham. During his active ministry here of nearly forty-
four years he kept a record, in chronological order, giving most of
the births, baptisms, marriages, and deaths which occurred in this
parish, and from which the two following entries are inserted
(surname omitted) as an illustration : —

"January 19, 1670—71, Joshua \s son borne."

"January 29, 1670-71, Peter, son of Joshua - — — , baptized."

From the large number of births thus recorded in " Hobart's
Diary," it would seem that he must have been present in the ca-
pacity of physician to have been able to make the record chronologi-
cally and accurately. Moreover, it was not until after his decease
that the town or county records began to refer to any payments
made to physicians, or to their conveyances here as grantors or
grantees. In 1702 Cotton Mather wrote as follows : —

" Ever since the days of Luke, the Evangelist, skill in physic has been
frequently professed and practised by persons whose most declared business
was the study of divinity."

Referring to the Colonial period, a writer in the " New England
Historical and Genealogical Register " savs : —

" The training received by young physicians was very irregular. De-
grees of Doctor of Medicine were possessed by only a few, who had studied
abroad. . . . The few eminent plivsicians trained in the Colonies were to
a irreat extent followers of a natural gift and tendency. Young men who
desired to become physicians practised under the instruction of the estab-
lished physicians down to the middle of the eighteenth century. After
college courses of medical lectures were organized, a license from the fac-
ulty was given, which served instead of the subsequent diploma," etc.

308 History of Hingham.

From the foregoing it will be seen that " Hobart's Diary " is the
only reliable authority from which to obtain a record of the earlier
births in Hingham ; that neither our town nor the county records
furnish any evidence of a located physician here prior to the de-
cease of Mr. Hobart ; and that during the colonial period there was
no medical school in Massachusetts to confer the degree of Doctor
of Medicine upon young physicians.

The names of those natives and residents of the town who have
practised medicine as a profession are subjoined in alphabetical
order, as it was found to be almost impossible to give the exact
year of the earlier settlements or removals.

Joshua Barker, son of Capt. Francis and Hannah (Thaxter)
Barker, was born in Hingham March 24, 1753, and was graduated
at Harvard University, 1772, in the class with William Eustis,
Samuel Tenney, Levi Lincoln, and others. After a regular course
of preparatory study with Dr. Danforth, of Boston, he settled as a
physician in this his native town, and was contemporary with Dr.
Thomas Thaxter. Here he had a large acquaintance, and he
received a share of the public patronage. Possessing a general
knowledge of business in addition to the requirements of his pro-
fession, he was frequently called upon to serve in other depart-
ments of active duty, — to give legal advice, or to act as guardian
to the children of deceased parents. He was a man of culture and
refinement, of broad views and liberal sentiments ; and to these
commendable qualifications were added an easy politeness, a cheer-
ful hospitality, and a patriotic pride for his native town. He mar-
ried, Oct. 17, 1779, Susanna, daughter of Benjamin Thaxter. They
had two children, a son and a daughter. The son died in infancy,
and Susan, the daughter, married Rev. Samuel Willard. Dr.
Barker died in Hingham, the 2nd of April, 1800, aged 47 years.
He resided on Main Street, opposite the old meeting-house. He
was early a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society.

Lazarus Beal, born in Hingham, second precinct, April 6, 1725,
was a son of Deacon Lazarus and Ruth (Andrews) Beal, and a
descendant in the fifth generation of John Beal, one of the early
settlers of Hingham. After receiving an education such as the
public schools of the town afforded, he removed to Newton, Mass.,
where, as tradition says, he studied medicine with Dr. Samuel
Wheat. He subsequently married Dr. Wheat's daughter Lydia,
and had children born at Newton, in Hingham, and at Cohasset.
In 1748 he was employed a part of the year by the Selectmen of
Hingham to teach in the school of the second precinct ; but after
his marriage, in 1749, he located at Newton, remaining there until
1763 or 1764, when he returned to his native town. Hingham
tax -lists show that he was quite an extensive farmer as well as a
physician. In 1768 he improved fifty acres of land, kept four cows,
a flock of sheep, etc., besides having other interests in real estate.
His professional calling, however, was not neglected, as the records
of the town show that he received a share of patronage up to the

Native and Resident Physicians. 309

time Cohasset was set off from Hingham. He probably removed,
at or near the time of the Revolution, to Weymouth, where some
of his descendants still reside.

Joseph Bossuet, for several years a physician in Hingham, was
a native of the city of Paris, France. He was educated at the
Hotel Dieu, the medical college in Paris, where he practised his
profession until France made common cause with the United
States, when he came to America as a surgeon and physician in
the War of the Revolution. During the war he was not only cap-
tured by the British, but he also met with many other reverses
and pecuniary losses. At the commencement of the present cen-
tury he located in Hingham, and resided, first, on North Street,
near the harbor, in the house now owned and occupied by Leonard
W. Litchfield. He afterwards lived in the Abicl Wilder house on
Lincoln Street. Dr. Bossuet was a thorough master of his profes-
sion. Having had a long and varied experience, and possessing
excellent judgment, his advice was frequently sought in difficult
cases by our local physicians as well as by those from the neigh-
boring towns. Late in life he removed with his family to Boston,
where he died 13 October, 1827, aged 81 years ; and his widow,
Mrs. Catharine Rumport de Vous Doncour Bossuet, died at Rox-
bury, Mass., in June, 1830, aged 52 years. Dr. Bossuet joined the
Massachusetts Medical Society in 1821.

Dr. Boylston is supposed to have been located here as a physi-
cian in 1722 and 1723, as his name appears among those to whom
money was paid at that time by the Selectmen.

Robert Capen announced through the columns of the local
newspaper, dated Hingham, Dec. 21, 1838, that he " has taken
the house of the late Joseph J. Whiting, at Queen Ann's Corner,
so called, where he may be found by those who desire his profes-
sional services." It is said that he came from Plymouth. He
remained in Hingham about two years. In 1838 he was elected
a Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society.

David Coggin received his degree of M. D. in 1868 from the
Harvard Medical School, and is a member of the Massachusetts
Medical Society. In 1869 he came to Hingham and practised in
his profession for about two years. Owing to impaired health,
however, he removed, in 1871, to St. Louis, Mo. He afterwards
returned east, and is now located at Salem, Mass., where he
makes a specialty of diseases of the eye.

Charles Henry Colburn, who succeeded Dr. Ezra Stephenson,
was a son of Charles H. and Martha A. (Barnes) Colburn, and a
native of Philadelphia, Penn. In early life he came to Boston to
reside, and several years later was connected with some of the
prominent musical organizations of the city. During the Civil War
he joined the Sixth Regimental Band, and while in this service
acquired that practical information which proved of great value
to him in the profession he afterwards decided to follow. Upon
returning to Boston he devoted the greater part of his leisure to

310 History of Hingham.

the study of medicine under the tutorship of one of the most dis-
tinguished physicians in the city. He entered the Harvard Med-
ical School in 1870, and in 1874 received his degree of M. D. Soon
after the decease of Dr. Stephenson, in 1874, he received and ac-
cepted an invitation to settle in Hingham, locating near the former
residence of his predecessor on Main Street, Hingham Centre.
Here he met with a successful patronage, and was highly esteemed,
not only for his skill as a physician and surgeon, but also for his
social qualities and his recognized musical talents. He died of
malignant diphtheria, contracted in the course of professional
duty, the 15th of May, 1880, aged 37 years. He left a widow
and one son.

Benjamin Cushing, born Mav 9, 1822, and the onlv son of Jerom
and Mary (Thaxter) Cushing, of Hingham, was for several terms
a pupil at the Derby Academy. He was graduated at Harvard
University in 1842, received his degree of M. D. in 184G, and is a
practising physician in the city of Boston.

John Cutler, who called himself Vk a Dutchman," and whose
name appears as such upon conveyances and other legal docu-
ments, was a practising physician in Hingham for about twenty
years. Very little which relates to him, hoAvever, can be ascer-
tained at this late day, either as to his educational advantages or
to his professional career. At the time of Philip's War, and for
several succeeding years, he resided on Town (South) Street, near
Thaxter' s Bridge ; but he may have removed at a later date to the
west part of the town, judging from the following; conveyance
(S. R. of D. vol. 13, p. 22, abstract) : Ephraim Nichols of Hing-
ham, " seaman," and Abigail his wife, in consideration of £135,
sell to Doctor John Cutler, " Dutchman," of Hingham, " our house
lot of five acres, which we lately purchased of Moses Collier, with a
dwelling-house, barn," etc. This estate was bounded by the Town
Street, east, and by land of Thomas Lincoln, the husbandman,
south. Deed dated 12 March, 1682-83, and recorded the 18th of
September following. Dr. Cutler removed with his family to Bos-
ton before 1700. He married in Hingham, Jan. 4, 1C74-75, Mary
Cowell, of Boston. The names of his children, with their dates of
birth, are given in Vol. II. p. 150 of this history.

John Dixon married Elizabeth, the daughter of George and Lucy
Vickery, of Hull. She survived him and married secondly Joseph
Lewis, widower, of Hingham. Caty, a granddaughter of Joseph
and Elizabeth (Vickery) (Dixon) Lewis, married Elijah Beal, Jr.,
and their daughter Caty married Caleb Gill. Hence we have had
in the present century two heads of families born in Hingham.
father and son, bearing the ancestral names of Dixon Lewis Gill.
Concerning the professional career of Dr. Dixon, but little is known.
He died in this town, and a gravestone erected to his memory in
the Hingham Cemetery bears the following inscription : —

Native and Resident Physicians. 311

Here lies buried ye Body of

Doct. John Dixon

Deceased Feb. ye 14, 1 717.

In ye 36th year

of his age.

Charles Alonzo Dorr, who succeeded Dr. Harlow as a physi-
cian at the south part of the town, is a son of Samuel A. and Mary
M. (Wedge wood) Dorr, and was born at Sandwich, N. H., Feb. 12,
1851. He entered Dummer Academy, at Newbury, Mass., in 1868 ;
Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Me., in 1871; attended the Maine
Medical School three years; received his degree of M. D. from
Dartmouth Medical College in 1877, and the same year commenced
the practice of medicine at Richmond, Me. In 1880 he removed
to Hingham, and in 1885 became a member of the Massachusetts
Medical Society. His present residence is on Main Street near
the meeting-house at South Hingham.

Robert Thaxter Edes, a graduate of Harvard University, 1858,
M. D. 1861, and more recently a Professor in the Harvard Medi-
cal School, is a son of Rev. Richard S. and Mary (Cushing) Edes.
He came to Hingham soon after the decease of Dr. Fiske in 1866,
and located as a physician, remaining for about two years, when
he removed to Boston. While a resident of Hingham he married
at Boston, April 30, 1867, Elizabeth T., daughter of Calvin W.
Clark. They resided in Hingham on Main, near Water Street, in
the house built and occupied by his great-grandfather, Dr. Thomas
Thaxter. See Genealogical Record, Vol. II. p. 209.

Robert Treat Paine Fiske was born at .Worcester, Mass.,
Jan. 1, 1800. He was graduated at Harvard College in the class of
1818. After the usual term of medical study, and a brief practice
of his profession elsewhere, he, in 1822, came to Hingham and lo-
cated as a physician and surgeon. Here he soon commanded a
large and lucrative patronage, which he continued to hold up to
the time of his decease. During this forty- four years of active
professional service in Hingham his duties were often arduous and
exacting. He was frequently called upon to attend the sick in the
adjoining villages as well as at home, and his oft-repeated visits to
Hull, over Long Beach, especially in the winter season, or during
severe storms, were, in many instances, far from what is termed
poetical. Throughout the entire period of his practice here, the
length of which has been exceeded in but one or two instances, he
held the respect and confidence of the community. Enterprising,
influential, and public-spirited in every movement relating to local
improvements, he devoted what leisure hours he could command to
rural pursuits. He was one of the early proprietors of the Hing-
ham Cemetery Corporation, and for many years its acting Super-
intendent ; and it was largely through his excellent judgment and
good taste that improvements were commenced upon this now
beautiful and historic burial-place. He also was a director of the
Hingham Bank, and held other positions of trust and responsibil-
ity. Dr. Fiske joined the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1839.

312 History of Hingham.

He married for his first wife Mary Otis, daughter of Ebenezer Gay.
She died 8 August, 1852, aged 51 years. He married secondly,
Oct. 16, 1854, Anna L., daughter of John Baker, and died the 8th
of May, 1866, aged 66 years. He resided on North Street opposite
Fountain Square. See Genealogical Record, Vol. II. p. 230.

Daniel French, whose family record will he found in Vol. II.
p. 236 of this history, was probably a native of Hingham and born
about 1*720. During his early practice as a physician he resided
at the west part of the town, near Weymouth line, until his first
wife died, which was Aug. 6, 1742, — three days after her infant
babe was born. Our records show that he was not without patron-
age ; but being located at a considerable distance from the more
thickly settled parts of the town, he no doubt saw a better opening
for his professional services in the neighboring village of East
Weymouth, whither he shortly after removed, and where all but
one of his ten children were born. Several of his daughters, how-
ever, married residents of Hingham, and this town was after-
wards their home. Dr. French died suddenly in Weymouth, at
fifty-five years of age.

Henry F. Gardner, a native of Hingham, and born Feb. 13,
1812, was the second son of Melzar and Silence (Gardner)
Gardner. In early life he learned the trade of blacksmith with
Charles Howard, and later was in the employ of the Messrs. Ste-
phenson at Hingham Centre. He afterwards removed to Hartford,
Conn., and thence to Springfield, Mass. Upon leaving Hingham
he abandoned his former calling to become an eclectic physician.
From Springfield he removed to Boston, and for a number of years
was the landlord of a hotel at the corner of Beach Street and Har-
rison Avenue. About 1870 he assumed the position of Superin-
tendent of the Pavilion estate, which he managed with great success
and to the satisfaction of the trustees. Dr. Gardner was one of
the early advocates of Spiritualism, and the first person to lecture
upon this subject in Hingham, as well as at Boston. Possessed
of more than ordinary talents, and of an active, sanguine temper-
ament, he made many warm friends, especially among those who
held views similar to his own. He died at Boston the 6th of De-
cember, 1878, in his 67th year.

Charles Gordon, born in Hingham,. Nov. 17, 1809, was the
second son of Dr. William and Helen (Gilchrist) Gordon, of this
town. He was graduated at Brunswick College, 1829, and re-
ceived his degree of M. D. from the Harvard Medical School in
1832. The following notice was published in the Hingham Ga-
zette dated June 7, 1833. " Dr. William Gordon informs the in-
habitants of Hingham and vicinity that he has connected with him
in his Professional Business his son Charles Gordon, M. D." The
same year (1833) he was elected a Fellow of the Massachusetts
Medical Society, being at that time a resident of Lowell, Mass.
He died at Boston, March 1, 1872, aged 62 years.

William Gordon was for more than 30 years a practising
physician in Hingham. He was educated at Exeter Academy,

Native and Resident Physicians. 313

and afterwards studied medicine with Dr. Thomas Kittredge of
Andover. He first entered upon the practice of his profession at
St. Andrews, but upon the invitation of several prominent citizens
of Hingham, he came and established himself here in 1807, re-
maining until the autumn of 1838, when he removed to Boston.
He afterwards settled at Taunton, and there passed the closing
days of his life in the midst of his children, ne joined the
Massachusetts Medical Society in 1828. During his long resi-
dence in Hingham his practice was extensive and oftentimes
arduous and perplexing, — embracing a large circuit and requiring
the utmost activity and perseverance in the discharge of profes-
sional duty. He was eminently successful, however, both as a
physician and surgeon. An easy politeness in addition to a
cheerful speech and agreeable manners always made his presence
in the sick room pleasant to the invalid, and his removal from
this town was deeply regretted. He died suddenly from an affec-
tion of the heart, to which he had been subject for several years,
and at his special request his remains were brought here and
buried in the Hingham Cemetery. A tablet has since been
erected at his grave, upon which is the following inscription :

" In Memory of

Dr. William Gordon.

Born at Newbury,

May 17, 1783.

Died at Taunton

June 17, 1851.

From 1808 to 1S38
a devoted physician in this town."

William Alexander Gordon, the oldest son of Dr. William
and Helen (Gilchrist) Gordon", was a native of Newburyport,
Mass., and born March 17, 1808. His early education was ob-
tained at the schools in Hingham. He afterwards entered Har-
vard University and was graduated in 1826, in the class with
Hon. Robert Rantoul, Rev. Oliver Stearns, and others, and in
1829 received his degree of M.D. For a short time only he was
located as a physician in Hingham, having for his office a room in
the second story of Loring's Building, Broad Bridge. In 1834 he
was elected a Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society, being
at that time a resident of Taunton, Mass. He died at New Bed-
ford, Feb. 1887, in the 79th year of his age.

The " Christian Register " says of the late Dr. Gordon : —

" Dr. William A. Gordon, who died suddenly at his late home in New
Bedford, was of Scotch ancestry, and was a son of Dr. William Gordon,
who at the time of William A. Gordon's birth, March 17, 1808, was
a resident of Newburyport. Dr. Gordon was a lineal descendant of Alex-
ander Gordon, a scion of the loyal Gordon family in the Highlands of
Scotland. When William A. Gordon was two months old his parents
moved to Hingham. He was prepared for college at Derby Academy in
that town, and was graduated at Harvard in the class of 1826, when but
eighteen years old. He at once commenced the study of medicine with

314 History of Hingham.

his father, and was graduated at the Harvard Medical School in 1829.
In his death, another refined, cultivated Christian gentleman of the " old
school " has gone from among us. Those who for years were blessed
with his presence in sickness have felt the magnetic charm of his person-
ality. An eminent physician with a large practice, he was yet ever ready
to help the most needy patient. Goodness and strength seemed to ema-
nate from him. Truth and uprightness were his lifelong habit, and gentle-
ness and sweetness blending with great strength and firmness made an
almost perfect character."

Daniel Greenleaf was for a number of years a practising
physician in Hingham, and probably contemporary with Dr.
James Hay ward. In his professional capacity he was frequently
called upon to administer to those needy residents who were sick,
and to some extent cared for by the selectmen of the town. It is
also fair to judge that he received a respectable patronage from
other sources. He married in Hingham, July 18, 1726, Mrs.
Silence (Nichols) Marsh. They had three children born in Hing-
ham. He probably removed from here with his family about
1732. His record in the genealogical portion of this work is
given on p. 279 of Vol. II.

Nathaniel Hall, son of John of Yarmouth, was a practising
physician in Hingham early in the last century. He probably
succeeded Dr. John Cutler, who removed from here before 1700.
He had been a captain under Church in the Indian War at the
East, " and fought with great bravery," says Mr. Savage, " in de-
fence of Falmouth, Sept. 21, 1689." His wife was Ann Thornton,
a daughter of Rev. Thomas Thornton. In Feb. 1708-09, he, with
Ann, his wife, and sixty other inhabitants of Hingham, testified to
the best of their knowledge and belief that the widow- Mehitable
Warren (a daughter of Edward Wilder, and born here 1664) was
not guilty of the sin of being a witch, as she was reported to be ;
but that " she has bene a woman of great affliction by reason
of Many distempers of Body ; and that God hath given a Sancti-
fied improvement of his afflictive hand to her." In 1713 he sold
his home-place in Hingham (between South Street and the meet-
ing-house of the First Parish), containing about six acres, with
dwelling-house, shop, and outbuildings thereon, to Joshua Tucker.
He may have resided for a short time at the west part of the
town. Our tax-lists show that he was styled " Captain " by the
assessors. After leaving Hingham he removed to the Delaware
River. He left no issue.

Jonathan Edwards Harlow, who succeeded Dr. Jonas Un-
derwood in 1850, was a resident physician of Hingham for about
thirty years. He was a son of Stephen and Patience (Ellis) Har-
low, and born at Middleboro', Mass., May 1, 1824. After com-
pleting his early education, and graduating at the Bridgewater
Normal School, he was for one or two years a teacher. He sub-
sequently entered the Harvard Medical School, and in 1848
received his degree of M. D. The year following he studied
medicine and surgery with Dr. Jacob Bigelow of Boston, with

Native and Resident Physicians. 315

whom he acquired additional knowledge in the profession he had
chosen. He then went to North Bridge water Brockton) to estab-
lish himself as a physician, but in 1850 he settled permanently in
Hingham. Here he was cordially welcomed by the former pa-
trons of his predecessor ; and as his skill and real worth became
known, a more extended field of professional duty opened before
him. Good health, however, although it may to some extent be
an inheritance, is not always assured even to the physician ; and
this was true in the case of Dr. Harlow, for his physical system
became impaired several years before his decease. He died of
Bright's disease the 29th of May, 1880, aged 56 years. He was
twice married, and a son and two daughters survived him. His
family record is found on p. 290, Vol. II. of this History.

Byron R. Harmon came to Hingham soon after the decease
of Dr. Fiske, in 1866, to establish himself as a physician. His
office was at the " Union Hotel." He remained only a few
months.

James Hayward, whose name appears among the heads of
families in Vol. II. p. 295, was a practising physician in Hingham
for eight or ten years. He resided on North Street near the har-
bor ; and his home-place included a large part of the land which
lies between the harbor and the estates bounded by North and
Ship streets. He probably removed about 1730 to Weymouth,
where several years later he died, and March 3 (27?), 1739, his
brother Nehemiah, of Hingham, was appointed to administer upon
his estate. He had three children born in Hino;ham and one at
Weymouth.

Dr. Heard, whose death on the 28th of November, 1675, is
recorded in Hobart's Diary, may have been a non-resident friend
or medical adviser of Mr. Hobart, rather than a physician of Hing-
ham. And this seems more than probable from the fact that no
other reference to his name occurs upon our records, nor does
tradition furnish any information relating to such a person as
having been a physician in this town.

Abner Hersey, the youngest son of James and Mary (Hawke)
Hersey, was born in Hingham, Oct. 22, 1721. He settled as a
physician at Barnstable, Mass., where he acquired a large practice,
and is said to have been eminent in his profession. He died at
Barnstable the 9th of January, 1787, aged 65 years. He was one
of the earlier members of the Massachusetts Medical Society. In
his will he bequeathed to Harvard University the sum of £500
towards the establishment of a professorship of the theory and
practice of physic ; also an equal amount, which, for good reasons
was diverted from the purposes mentioned in the legacy, and dis-
tributed among the churches of Barnstable County in accordance
with the consent of his heirs. A stone erected to his memory,
and to his brother James, stands in the cemetery near the Unita-
rian Church at Barnstable.

Ezekiel Hersey, the eldest son of James and Mary (Hawke)
Hersey, was born in Hingham, Sept. 21, 1709, and was graduated

316 History of Hingham.

at Harvard University in 1728. He settled in his native town as a
physician, probably succeeding Dr. Daniel Greenleaf. He became
eminent in his profession. " In the controversy between the
colonies and the mother country, he espoused the cause of the
former, and his opinions had a most favorable effect on the com-
munity in which he lived. His charities were extensive, as his
means were adequate to do much good. He was among the bene-
factors of Harvard University. In his will, executed Nov. 29,
1770, he directs his executrix to pay to the corporation of that
University, <£1000, 'the interest thereof to be by them appropri-
ated towards the support of a professor of anatomy and physic'
His widow gave the same sum for the same purpose. A profes-
sorship was established on this foundation, entitled the Hersey
Professorship of Anatomy and Surgery." * Dr. Hersey died Dec.
9, 1770, leaving a widow, but no children. He resided on South
Street, near the present R. R. station at West Hingham.

James Hersey, second son of James and Mary (Hawke) Her-
sey, and brother of Dr. Ezekiel Hersey, was born in Hingham
Dec. 21, 1716. He was a physician, and resided at Barnstable,
Mass., where he died the 22d of July, 1741, in the 25th year of
his age.

Nathan Hersey, born in Hingham January 28, 1743-44, was
the oldest son of Elijah and Achsah Hersey. He was a physician
at Leicester, Mass.

Alexander Hitchborn, a native of Hingham, and born in 1822,
was the second son of Alexander H. and Cinderilla (Gardner)
Hitchborn. His early education was acquired in the public schools
of this town, in which he was an apt as well as a brilliant scholar.
About the year 1854 he removed to North Bridgewater (Brockton)
to establish himself as a physician. Here he met with sufficient
encouragement to warrant a permanent settlement, and his ready
conversational powers, added to a kind and obliging disposition,
won for him many friends. At the commencement of the Civil
War he enlisted in the Twelfth Regiment Mass. Yol. Infantry, and
was commissioned captain. The year following he was appointed
assistant-surgeon of the Seventh Infantry of the regular army.
He was killed at the battle of Chancellorsville, Va., in May, 1863,
aged 41 years.

Peter Hobart was contemporary with Dr. Daniel Shute, and
both were graduated the same year (1775) at Harvard University.
He was a son of Deacon Peter and Lucretia (Gill) Hobart, and
was born in Hingham July 31, 1750. After his early schooling
was completed he began his business life as an apprentice to Jere-
miah Lincoln, a blacksmith, whose shop was in the square near
the present Torrent engine-house, West Hingham; but having
a taste for classical studies, he fitted for college, and was grad-
uated in 1775, as stated above. He afterwards studied medicine,
and for six months or more was a surgeon in the War of the Rev-
olution. His wife, whom he married in Hingham Nov. 16, 1779,

* Lincoln's History of Hingham.

Native and Resident Physicians. 317

was Mary dishing, daughter of Elisha and Mary (Lincoln) Gush-
ing. She was a granddaughter of Col. Benjamin Lincoln, father
of General Lincoln. About 1783 Dr. Hobart settled as a physician
in Hanover, where he died in 1793. His widow, it is said, re-
moved to the State of New York and died there.

John G. Lambright, a resident physician at South Hingham
some ten or twelve years, was probably a native of Germany, or
perhaps of German descent. He was not only a bright and intel-
ligent representative of that nationality, but in his profession
he was original and skilful in his ways and methods. He first
located here on Main Street near the meeting-house of the South
Parish ; but several years later removed to Prospect Street, oc-
cupying a part of the Joshua Hersey house. His wife, Mrs.
Martha Lambright, was from Fayette, Me. She died in Hing-
ham 23 Nov. 1840, aged 44 years. Dr. Lambright removed to
Boston shortly after the decease of his wife.

Josiah Leavitt was for a number of years a practising physi-
cian in Hingham. He also was somewhat of a mechanical genius,
and of an inventive turn of mind. Prior to the war of the Revo-
lution he constructed a clock for the old meeting-house, " the dial
of which appeared in the dormer-window on the southwesterly
slope of the roof, and was thus visible to the public." Tradition
says that he built a church organ and set it up in the old meeting-
house, where it stood for a while, and that it was eventually sold
to go to Portland, Me. I find no record, however, to verify this
tradition ; but that several years later he was a professional organ
builder at Boston is certain. In 1773 he built and resided in the
house now owned and occupied by heirs of George Bassett on Main,
corner of Elm Street. This dwelling he sold in 1777 to Joseph
Blake, and soon after removed to" Boston. The Selectmen's Book of
Records, Vol. II., show that as a physician he received a fair share
of the patronage of the town, as no doubt he did from the public.
His inventive perceptions, however, led him to seek other fields of
employment. He was the son of Hezekiah and Grace (Hatch)
Leavitt, and was born in Hingham Oct. 21, 1744. The Christian
name of his wife was Azubah. She died at Boston Nov., 1803,
aged 40 years. He died March, 1804, aged 59 years.

Martin Leavitt, son of Elisha and Rnth (Marsh) Leavitt, was
born in Hingham March 20, 1755. He was graduated at Harvard
University in 1773, — Colonel Nathan Rice, who for many years
was a resident here, and brother-in-law of Martin, being one of
his classmates. Dr. Leavitt was for some time surgeon on an
armed ship during the War of the Revolution. His professional
career in Hingham, however, was brief. He was drowned the
27th of Nov. 1785, aged 30 years. He was unmarried.

Bela Lincoln, son. of Hon. Benjamin and Elizabeth (Thaxter)
Lincoln, and a younger brother of Major-General Benjamin Lin-
coln, was born in Hingham March 11, 1733-34. He was gradu-
ated at Harvard University 1754, in the class with Rev. Samuel

318 History of Hingham.

Foxcroft, Gov. John Hancock, and others, and for nearly twenty
years after was a practising physician in Hingham. During
this time " he visited Europe for the purpose of obtaining pro-
fessional information, and received the degree of Doctor of Med-
icine from the University of Aberdeen." In 1768 he purchased
of Ambrose Low a lot of land on Town Street (corner of North
and Cottage), and in 1769-70 erected thereon the building now
known as the " Cushing House," and where he resided during
the few remaining years of his life. He died 16 July, 1773,
aged 39 years, leaving a widow, but no children.

Levi Lincoln, the only son of Capt. Levi and Elizabeth (Nor-
ton) Lincoln, was born in Hingham Dec. 12, 1767. After receiv-
ing his preparatory education in Hingham, he entered Harvard
University, and was graduated in the class of 1789, with George
and Francis Blake, Cushing Otis, Cotton Tufts, and others. He
subsequently settled as a physician in this his native town, and
resided on South Street, near what is now the West Hingham
Station of the South Shore Railroad. Here he had many in-
fluential friends ; his professional charges were reasonable, and
he received a liberal share of the public patronage. Dr. Lincoln
was a man of talent and refinement. He was frequently called
upon to discharge duties other than those belonging to his pro-
fession. He was a lover of rural pursuits, and an original member
of the first Agricultural Society of Hingham. He died the 24th
of May, 1829, aged 61 years, leaving a widow and three married
daughters. In 1810 he "was elected a Fellow of the Massachusetts
Medical Society. (See p. 483, Vol. II. of this History for his
family record.)

Caleb Marsh may have had some practice in Hingham as a
physician, but it does not appear that he was located here per-
manently. He was in Hanover, and at Scituate, several years,
and in the history of these towns his name is given on the lists
of physicians. His name also occurs as the teacher of a gram-
mar school in Hingham soon after the Revolution. Dr. Marsh
was a son of Stephen and Mercy (Beal) Marsh, and was born in
Hingham Dec. 1, 1759. Tradition says that he was a person of
delicate constitution, and unable to withstand the exposures
which those who follow this profession are so often called upon
to endure. He died in Hingham the 20th of August, 1799, in
the 40th vear of his age.

Israel Nichols was for many years a practising physician of
Hingham (sec. pre.) and Cohasset. But few particulars, however,
in regard to his educational advantages or professional career can
now be ascertained. He was a son of Daniel and Abigail (Beal)
Nichols, and was born in Hingham Sept. 7, 1746. He was twice
married, first to Anna, daughter of Peter Humphrey ; and, sec-
ondly, to Mrs. Hannah (Foster) Stowell. Dr. Nichols died at
Cohasset the 11th of August, 1808, in his 62d year. His son,
Dr. Paul Lewis Nichols, settled as a physician at Kingston, Mass.
For the family record of Dr. Nichols see Vol. III. p. 89.

Native and Resident Physicians. 319

Franklin Nickerson is a practising physician at Lowell, Mass.
He was born in Hingham Sept. 8, 1838, and is a son of the late
Capt. Anson and Sally A. (Downs) Nickerson. He was gradu-
ated at Harvard University in the class of 1860, and at the Har-
vard Medical School in 1863, where he received his degree of
M.D. Dr. Nickerson married in Hingham Nov. 14, 1866, Mary
W., daughter of David and Hannah (Souther) Lincoln.

Philip J. Nujent, a native of Ireland, practised medicine for a
short time in Hingham about the year 1877. He resided on
North, near Ship Street, but removed from town after being here
a few months.

Daniel O'Reardon, from Belfast, Ire., was located at the har-
bor in 1870-71, and practised medicine. He had a good educa-
tion and a considerable experience. He went away in 1871 and
did not return. It is said that he died at New York. His wife,
who was Rose M. Hyslop before marriage, and a native of Belfast,
Ire., died in Hingham the 11th of Oct. 1872, aged 32 years. They
had one child, Mary, born here May 1, 1871.

Thomas Phipps (sometimes written Phips on the receipts of
the Town Treasurer) appears to have been located as a physician
in Hingham from 1765 to 1769 inclusive. But little is known
concerning his history or professional career except that he had
patients in the second precinct as well as in other parts of the
town. He was a fine penman, and undoubtedly well educated.
Tradition, which may or may not be correct, says he was a teacher
as well as physician here.

James Henry Robbins was born at Calais, Me., July 22, 1839.
He is the eldest son of James and Mary Augusta (Parkman)
Robbins, who, in 1835, removed from Concord, Mass., to Calais.
He received his degree of A. B.. at Amherst College in 1862, and
that of M. D. at the Harvard Medical School in 1867. The same
year he began the practice of medicine at Machias, Me., where he
remained until February, 1876, when, his family being broken up
by the death of his wife, he returned to Calais, and there con-
tinued in the practice of his profession until the month of June,
1880, when he was called to Hingham. While a resident of
Maine he was a member of the Maine Medical Association. Since
locating in Hingham he has held several honorary positions
among his associates. Dr. Robbins has been president of the
" Medical and Surgical Association," and in 1887 and 1888 was
chosen president of the South Norfolk District Medical Society.
Resides on Main Street, near Pear Tree Hill.

Charles R. Rogers came from Wareham, Mass., in May, 1883,
to establish himself as a homoeopathic physician in Hingham. He
occupied a house on Cottage St., but after remaining about four
months removed to Ware, Mass.

Edward Coit Rogers, a native of New London, Conn., was for
several years a resident homoeopathic physician in Hingham.
He died here the 11th of November, 1860, aged 44 yrs. and 9

320 History of Hingham.

months. His family record is given in Vol. III. p. 141, of this
History.

Ignatius Sargent was located in Hingham as a homoeopathic
physician for a number of years. He was born at Gloucester,
Mass., Feb. 14, 1807, and is the son of Abimelech and Mary
(Allen) Sargent. His mother, Mrs. Mary Sargent, died here the
28th of Feb., 1867, at the great age of 98 yrs. and 5 months.
Dr. Sargent commenced the study of his profession with Dr.
Paine of Belfast, Me. His first wife, whom he married in Hing-
ham, Sept. 12, 1828, was Sally Gilkcy, daughter of Isaac and
Polly (King) Gilkey. After her decease he married for his sec-
ond wife, Susan S. Barnard. During the practice of his profes-
sion in Hingham, he resided on North, near Ship Street. He
removed from here to Woburn, and from thence to Methuen.
Mass., where he continued in practice as a physician. Having
relinquished this calling on account of advancing years, he re-
turned to Hingham, residing on Pond Street. Aug. 7, 1891, he
died at Cummington, Mass., aet. 84 years.

Daniel Shute, born in Hingham, Jan. 30, 1756, was the only
son of Rev. Daniel, D. D., and Mary (Gushing) Shute. He re-
ceived a liberal education, having been graduated at Harvard Uni-
versity in 1775. During the War of the Revolution, his activity,
patriotism, and zeal for the public good were conspicuous. He
served as surgeon in the Continental army, in several military
organizations under Major-General Benjamin Lincoln's command ;
was present at the siege of Yorktown ; and subsequently was
on duty at various hospitals. In 1783 he appears to have lo-
cated as a physician at Weymouth ; but the year following, 1784,
he returned to Hingham and established himself permanently
in his profession. In 1808 he was a Fellow of the Massachusetts
Medical Society, and later, one of its councillors. Tradition
says that he was a faithful and courteous practitioner ; and judg-
ing from the 1274 entries of attendance at births, which are
recorded in his account books, his business was quite extensive
and perhaps lucrative. He married, Dec. 31, 1789. Betsey, the
eldest daughter of Major Isaiah Cushing, of Hingham. She died
4th of Oct., 1818, aged 50 years. He died 19th of August, 1829,
in the 74th year of his age. They resided on Main, at the corner
of South Pleasant St., and had seven children. See Vol. II J
p. 147.

Daniel Shute, the oldest son of the preceding, was born in
Hingham, July 23, 1793. He fitted for college at the Derby
Academy, and was graduated at Harvard University in 1812,
being the third of the name, father, son, and grandson, who were
graduates of this institution. He subsequently studied medicine
at the Harvard Medical School under the supervision of Dr. John
C. Warren, and succeeded to his father's practice in Hingham.
He married, Dec. 22, 1816, Hannah Lincoln, daughter of Deacon
Robert Cushing. They resided on Main Street, opposite the meet-
ing-house at South Hingham, and had nine children. Dr. Shute

Native and Resident Physicians. 321

was a good classical scholar, and very methodical and cautious in
his practice. He was a member of the Massachusetts Medical
Society. He was especially fond of horticultural pursuits, de-
voting a large share of the limited leisure he could command to
the cultivation of fruits and flowers, and was one of the original
members of the first Agricultural Society of Hingham, founded
in 1813 by the recommendation of the Massachusetts Society for
Promoting Agriculture. He died the 26th of June, 1838, in the
45th year of his age. His family record appears in Vol. III., p.
147, of this History.

Gustavus L. Simmons, the only son of Samuel and Priscilla
(Lincoln) Simmons, was born in Hingham, March 13, 1832. He
was graduated at the Harvard Medical School, 1856, in the class
with Robert Ware, Conrad Wesselhoeft, and others, and is now
an established physician and surgeon of large practice at Sacra-
mento, Cal. He married, in 1862, Celia, daughter of Rev. Peter
Crocker, of Barnstable, Mass., and has children, Gustavus, Carrie,
Celia, and Samuel.

Henry E. Spalding8 (Edward Page7, Henry6, Samuel5, Henry4,
Henry3, Andrew2, Edward1) was born among the hills of New
Hampshire. His boyhood was spent on the farm which his
father carried on in connection with his business as dealer
in cattle. His early educational advantages were only such as
the district afforded, and an additional few weeks of instruc-
tion during the winter, when his father would supplement the
school term by hiring a teacher for his boys at home. At the
age of fourteen he left home for a student's life in Appleton
Academy (now McCollom Institute), Mt. Vernon, N. H. Here,
with the exception of a short time at Francestown Academy, he
pursued a course of study preparatory to entering college. The
winter months he spent in teaching, as a means of earning a part
of the money required to pay his expenses during the remainder
of the year. The breaking out of the Civil War found him just
completing his college preparatory course of study, and with it
came the question of duty that so deeply stirred the hearts of
millions. Should he respond to his country's call for men which,
not mentioning all other possible sacrifices and losses, meant for
him the unavoidable giving up of the long-coveted collegiate
course of study for which he had been working four or five years ?
The decision was soon made, and in the fall of 1862, together
with about twenty of his classmates and friends, he was enrolled
a soldier in the 13th Reg. N. H. Vols. The following spring,
however, he was discharged for disability. After his health had
become sufficiently restored he commenced the study of medicine,
most of the time under the tutorship of J. H. Woodbury, M. D.,
of Boston. He attended lectures at Harvard Medical School, and
afterwards at the New York Homoeopathic Medical College, from
which latter institution he graduated in 1866, and at once located
in this town. Of the positions of honor to which he has been

VOL. I. — 21*

322 History of Hingham.

called in his profession are the presidency of the Boston Homoeo-
pathic Medical Society, also of the Massachusetts Homoeopathic
Medical Society, and lecturer at Boston University School of
Medicine.

Samuel Hopkins Spalding was born at Wilton, N. H., Aug. 31,
1856. He is the son of John H. and Mary L. (Hopkins) Spalding.
After completing his early education in the public schools of his
native town, he entered Phillips Andover Academy, in 1870, and
was graduated there in 1873, ranking third in his class. During
the next two years he was employed in the store of Macullar,
Williams, & Parker, Boston. He then decided to study med-
icine, and in the autumn of 187b' he joined the middle class of
Phillips Exeter Academy. In June, 1879, he became a student
at Harvard College, and was graduated there in 1881. In the
following autumn he entered the Boston University School of
Medicine, from which he was graduated in 1884, serving during
the last two years as House Surgeon in the Massachusetts
Homoeopathic Hospital. He was a member of the Hahnemann
Society. After graduating from the School of Medicine he was
in the practice of his profession for three years in Arredonda,
Florida. Jan. 6, 1888, he came to Hingham, and has since been
in practice here as a physician and surgeon ; first as assistant,
and later as partner with Dr. Henry E. Spalding, under the firm
name of Drs. Spalding and Spalding. He is a member of the
American Institute of Homoeopathy, and of the Massachusetts
Humceopatliic Medical Society. He married, Dec. 17, 1891, Ella
Elizabeth Drew, of Boston.

John Winthrop Spooner commenced the practice of medicine
in Hingham in 1871. He is a son of John P. and Abby Elizabeth
(Tuckerman) Spooner, and was born at Dorchester, Mass., Sept.
20, 1845; was educated in the public schools of Dorchester;
fitted for college at Phillips Academy, Exeter, N. H. ; was gradu-
ated at Harvard University in 1867, and received his degree of
M. D. in 1871, being elected a Fellow of the Massachusetts Medi-
cal Society in the same year. He was House Physician at the
Boston City Hospital for one year. He has served three years as
censor of the Plymouth District Medical Society ; was for several
years chairman of the board of censors of the Norfolk South So-
ciety, and later one of its councillors. He holds positions of trust
and responsibility in several local institutions. In April, 1886, he
was appointed by the Governor a Medical Examiner for Plymouth
County. Resides on Main St., near the Old Meeting-house. See,
also, genealogical record in Vol. III., p. 163, of this History.

Ezra Stephenson was born in Hingham, Oct. 13, 1805. He
was a son of James and Desire (Sprague) Stephenson. His
earlier education was acquired at the public schools, and in the
Derby Academy. He subsequently worked for a short time at
the trade of carpenter, but soon abandoned the occupation to
enter the medical school of Harvard University, from which in-
stitution he, in 1832, received the degree of M. D., and in 1836

Native and Resident Physicians. 323

was elected a Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society. He
commenced the practice of his profession at Barnstable, Mass.,
and for six years devoted himself with marked success to the
labors of his chosen calling. Upon the retirement of his imme-
diate predecessor in Hingham, Dr. William Gordon, he returned
here to establish himself for the remainder of his life. His office
and residence were on Main St., at Pear Tree Hill. As a physi-
cian and surgeon he was trusted and respected by those whom he
visited, and he was highly esteemed by his associates of the pro-
fession. He died the 20th of May, 1874, aged 69 years. Of his
family, a widow and two sons survive. See his family record in
Vol. III., p. 188, of this History.

George Grosvenor Tarbell (Har. Coll. 1862), located in
Hingham for the practice of medicine and surgery in 1866, and
received sufficient encouragement to have remained here ; but a
larger field for his professional services having presented itself at
Boston, he accepted the opportunity and removed thither. While
in Hingham he resided on Lincoln Street.

Thomas Thaxter, second son of Major Samuel and Abigail
(Smith) Thaxter, was born in Hingham, Aug. 25, 1748. After
completing his early education at the public schools, and his sub-
sequent term of medical pupilage, he commenced the practice of
medicine and surgery in his native town, succeeding Dr. Bela
Lincoln. He had many influential friends and connections to
encourage him ; his charges were moderate ; and his successful
treatment in difficult cases, especially of the then prevailing
throat distemper, won for him more than a local reputation. He
was a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society. While
visiting the sick in town he usually rode on horseback, although
when the patient resided at a distance his square-topped chaise
was brought into use. During the later years of his life he and
his son Robert rode out together daily on horseback to visit the
sick, each having his saddle-bags, and riding upon opposite sides
of the road. Dr. Thaxter superintended the education of a num-
ber of medical students, several of whom were from other places.
He was the proprietor of a drug store, the attendant being his
sister, Miss Abigail Thaxter. He also gave a portion of his time
to agricultural pursuits and the improvement of farm stock. His
first wife, whom he married Jan. 8, 1773, died the 2d of March
following. His second wife was Mary Barker, daughter of Capt.
Francis and Hannah (Thaxter) Barker, and sister of Dr. Joshua
Barker. They had five children. He built and resided in the
house now owned by Arthur Lincoln, on Main, near Water St., in
which he died, the 20th of June, 1813, aged 65 yrs. His family
record is given in Vol. III., p. 237, of this History.

Ezekiel Thaxter, fifth son of Major Samuel and Abigail
(Smith) Thaxter was born in Hingham, May 15, 1758. Con-
cerning his professional life and place of residence but little is
known in Hingham, except that tradition says he removed to

324 History of Hingham.

Nova Scotia, and that towards the close of the Revolution he was*,
surgeon on a privateer.

Gridley Thaxter, fourth son of Major Samuel and Abigail
(Smith) Thaxter, was born in Hingham, April 9, 1756. He
studied medicine with his brother Thomas, and was for some
time surgeon on an armed vessel during the War of the Revo-
lution. About the year 1780 he was settled in Abington ; and
as a physician for more than half a century, enjoyed a very
extensive practice. " He probably rode more miles and visited
more patients," says his biographer, " than any other physician
who ever resided in the County of Plymouth." In 1809 he was
elected a Fellow of the Massachusetts Medical Society. His.
first wife, whom he married July 13, 1783, was Sarah Lincoln,
a daughter of General Benjamin and Mary (Cushing) Lincoln.
He died the 10th of Feb., 1845, aged nearly 89 years. Dr. Ezekiel
Thaxter, of Abington (Harvard University, 1812), was his son.

Robert Thaxter, born in Hingham, Oct. 21, 1776, was the
oldest son of Dr. Thomas and Mary (Barker) Thaxter. He was
graduated at Harvard College in the class of 1798, with Dr. Wm.
E. Channing, Judge Story, Rev. Perez Lincoln and others, who
at a later period were distinguished for their eminent services.
After graduating, he studied medicine with his father, and for
nearly ten years was a practising physician in Hingham. In 1808
he joined the Massachusetts Medical Society, and in 1842 was
elected its vice-president. In 1809 he removed to Dorchester,
Mass. There he published the following : —

Notice : Doct. Robert Thaxter informs the Inhabitants of Dor-
chester that he has taken lodgings at the residence of Mr. William Rich-
ards, where he will be ready at all times to attend to his profession. He
will inoculate with kine Pox, free of expense, all persons who feel them-
selves unable to pay. — Columbian Centinel, July 22, 1809.

Dr. Thaxter was an accomplished physician, and highly appre-
ciated in a widely extended circle. Gentlemanly and kind to all,
and especially charitable to the needy, "he was indeed the beloved
physician." He contracted a ship disease while in the discharge
of his professional duties, from which he died the 9th of Feb.
1852, aged 75 yrs. He never married.

Jonas Underwood, who succeeded Dr. Daniel Shute, announced
to the public of Hingham and vicinity, through the columns of
the local newspaper of April 5, 1839, " that in compliance with
an invitation of a committee of the Parish of South Hingham,
he has taken rooms at the house of the late Bela Tower, and
respectfully tenders to the public his services in the several
branches of his profession."

Dr. Underwood was a native of Hudson, N. H. Receiving
his early education in his native town, and in the academy at
Exeter, he afterwards entered Harvard University, and was
graduated in 1815, in the class with Appleton Howe, William
Svveetzer, John Jeffries, and others, who in later years be-

Native and Resident Physicians. 325

came distinguished as physicians. He subsequently wns em-
ployed as teacher in a school at Philadelphia, Pa., and in 1822
received his medical diploma from the university of that State.
After participating in the advantages of hospital and dispensary
practice under the most distinguished professors of Philadelphia,
ho commenced the practice of his profession at Andover, Mass.
He joined the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1837, and re-
signed his membership in 1849. In 1839 he removed to Hing-
ham, as previously stated. Here he was highly esteemed as a
physician and citizen by his many patrons, up to the time of
his decease. He was unostentatious and of sound judgment,
possessing many excellent qualities of mind and heart, and his
patients found in him at all times a warm and sincere friend.
He died in Hingham, the 26th of Feb., 1850, in the 62d year
of his age. The record of his family is given in Vol. III., p. 271,
of this History.

John Ware, the second son of Rev. Henry and Mary (Clark)
Ware, was born in Hingham, Dec. 19, 1795, and when a lad of
about ten years, removed with his parents to Cambridge, Mass.
He was graduated at Harvard University in 1813; received his
degree of M. D. in 1816 ; was early elected a Fellow of the Mas-
sachusetts Medical Society, in which organization he held many
important offices, and was its president for a number of years.
He resided at Boston, and died in 1864, in the 69th year of his
age. Dr. Ware married in Hingham, April 22, 1822, Helen,
daughter of Dr. Levi Lincoln of this town. She died at Boston,
25th Jan., 1858, aged 59 years.

James Wilde, the only son of Elijah D. and Lucy (Beal)
Wilde, was born in Hingham, Nov. 29, 1812. His early edu-
cation was acquired in the public schools and at the Derby
Academy. He subsequently entered Harvard College and was
graduated in the class of 1832 ; received his degree of M. D. from
the Harvard Medical School in 1835 ; and shortly after settled in
the practice of his profession at Duxbury, Mass., where he con-
tinued to reside until his decease, which occurred the 15th of
Oct., 1887. In 1839 he was elected a Fellow of the Massachu-
setts Medical Society.

The permanently located physicians of Hingham have been
among the most useful, devoted and respected citizens of the
town. Wherever duty called, or in whatsoever positions they were
chosen or delegated to fill for the public good, a prompt and
willing service has been given. Educated in most instances
at the best medical institutions, they have been qualified to im-
part information upon a variety of subjects ; to hold offices of
trust ; to act as counsellors ; and to assist in all local or public
improvements.

It would be singular, indeed, if among the large number of
physicians noticed in the foregoing sketches, there were not some

326 History of Hingham.

circumstances or individual traits preserved by record or tradition
which would remind us of their peculiarities and the conditions
under which they were placed. Did space permit the insertion
of such notices in this connection they would in many instances,
no doubt, furnish interesting reading to those who have a love
for the curious, or a taste for the study of the methods and pro-
ceedings of the past. The following are illustrations.

Among the disbursements recorded by the Selectmen in 1794,
are the following : —

To Ebed Hearsey for keeping & nursing Elijah Hearsey
from the time his leg was taken off, 13 weeks, 5 sh. per

week, and 7 sh. per week for nurse for him £7. 16. 0

To Doctr Barker, as per account £8. 7. 6

To Doctr Thaxter, as per account £11. 15. 5

Probably Doctors Barker and Thaxter were both present, pro-
fessionally, at the amputation referred to ; but we get no informa-
tion from the account rendered as to how much was charged per
visit in surgical operations, as at that time other subjects of the
town were under a physician's care, and for the payment of these
services the town was responsible. Ordinarily, the charges of
these physicians was one shilling per visit.

Many years ago a venerable gentleman of this town said to
the writer : " It was an agreeable picture to see Dr. Tom Thaxter
and his son Robert riding along together horseback, each occu-
pying opposite sides of the road, with their saddle-bags, to visit
the sick. Usually they wTere very jolly, laughing and joking to-
gether like school-boys. Occasionally, when Dr. Tom was alone,
he rode in a square-topped chaise which had wooden springs. ''

The wages for a nurse, in ordinary cases, at the commencement
of the present century, were seventy-live cents per week.

Dr. William Gordon, who came here about the time Dr. Robert
Thaxter removed to Dorchester, was a very popular young man.
At first he rode in a sulky when visiting his patients. His
charges then were fifty cents per visit, but before removing to
Boston his price was raised to one dollar.

Isaiah dishing, s. of Major Isaiah (Vol. II. p. 103 : 36), studied
medicine witli Dr. Thomas Thaxter, and settled in the State of
Maine. He died in 1819, ait. 42 years.

The life of a physician is one of incessant anxiety and toil.
It does not have the freedom and liberty which is enjoyed in other
pursuits, nor, in a pecuniary point of view, do statistics show that
it brings to a majority in the profession great wealth. It has
been to the writer, however, a pleasant task to recall the virtues
of those who have engaged here in this calling ; to know that
their lives have been given to the relief of sickness and distress,
and to feel assured that such services in our midst have met the
approval of this community.

NATIVE AND RESIDENT LAWYERS.

BY FRANCIS PL LINCOLN.

In the following sketches the attempt has been made to include
all those lawyers who have practised their profession in Hingham,
whether native or resident, and also those natives who went from
here to other places. It has been necessary to confine the notices
for the most part to facts, but it is a record of men of ability, and
did space permit, there would be ample opportunity to enlarge up-
on their worth as members of an honorable profession.

John A. Andrew [II. 10] was born in Windham, Maine, May 31,
1818. His early education was in the public schools, and he was
fitted for college at the Bridgton (Me.) Academy, which he entered
in 1831. He is described while in the Academy as "a well behaved
boy, and a general favorite with the village people. He had a kind-
ly heart, but an indomitable will, which firmly contended against
wrong and oppression." He was graduated at Bowdoin College in
1837, and in the same year he entered the law-office of Henry W,
Fuller, Esq., of Boston. For more than twenty years afterwards
he practised law in Boston, without interruption to the regular
duties of his profession. In December, 1818, he was married to
Eliza Jones Hersey, of Hingham, and from that date his home was
for a great part of the time at Hingham. While living here he
was nominated for State senator, but defeated. In 1860 he was a
delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago, when
Abraham Lincoln was first nominated for the presidency. In the
same year Mr. Andrew was elected governor of Massachusetts, and
filled that office for the five years from 1861 to 1865, during the
stormy period of the War of the Rebellion. After the close of the
war he resumed the practice of his profession in Boston. He died
in Boston Oct. 30, 1867.

There is no need to recount at length in this connection the
marvellous capacity of the great " War Governor" for the exigen-
cy which brought forth his powers. That is a part of the military
history of the time. Nor need his anti-slavery sentiments through
life be more than alluded to. It is with satisfaction that we re-
member that he lies buried in one of our cemeteries, in accordance
with his expressed desire, and that his statue stands there to
remind the young and old of his nobility of character and his
unswerving loyalty to principle.

828 History of Hlngham.

John F. Andrew [II. 10], the son of Hon. John A. Andrew, was
born in Hinghani Nov. 26, 1850. His early education was ob-
tained in Boston, and he was graduated from Harvard College in
1872. He studied law in the Harvard Law School, and received
the deo-ree of LL.B. in 1875, after which he continued his leoal
studies in the office of Brooks, Ball, and Storey, in Boston, and was
admitted to the bar of Suffolk County in 1875. Mr. Andrew was
representative to the General Court from the Ninth Suffolk Dis-
trict in 1880, 1881, and 1882, and was State senator in 1884. He
was a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago in
1884, and during the presidential campaign of that year was pres-
ident of the Young Men's Republican and Independent Organiza-
tion of the city of Boston. He was Democratic candidate for
governor of Massachusetts in 1886, and was a member of the 51st
and 52d Congresses, being first elected in 1888. He is a member
of the ^ew England Historic-Genealogical Society.

Shearjashub Bourne was the first person who practised law in
Hinghani. He came from Barnstable, and was here for a few
years, probably between 1794 and 1800. His office was in a build-
ing on the northeast side of Broad Bridge, where the railroad
track now is. He afterwards removed to Boston, and was a prac-
tising lawver there until his death.

Walter L. Bouve [II. 89], the son of Thomas T. and Emily G.
(Lincoln) Bouve-, was born in Boston, Oct. 28, 1849. His educa-
tion was obtained at schools in Hinghara and Boston, and at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was fitted for the
profession of a civil engineer. From 1868 to 1870 he was engaged
in Illinois as division engineer of the Toledo, Wabash, and West-
ern Railroad, and in other railroad surveys. He was also engaged
in engineering in Massachusetts and Rhode Island from 1870 to
1872. He subsequently studied law at the Harvard Law School,
where he was graduated in 1879. He was admitted to the bar
Nov. 13, 1880, and began practice with offices in Boston and
Hinghani. He was appointed special justice of the Second Dis-
trict Court of Plymouth County April 1, 1885, and assistant
district attorney for the Southeastern District of Massachusetts
in February, 1890. He was commissioned first lieutenant in the
First Corps of Cadets, M. V. M., in February, 1889.

Joseph O. Burdett [II. 99] was born in South Reading (since
Wakefield), Mass., Oct. 30, 1848. His early education was obtained
in the public schools of his native town, and he was graduated at
Tufts College in 1871. He was supported and educated by his
own earnings from the age of twelve years. He taught school at
intervals while in college, and during the winter of 1868-69 he
taught the Centre Grammar School in Hingham. After gradua
tion he studied law with John W. Hammond, Esq. (afterwards
Judge Hammond of the Superior Court), of Cambridge, and in
the Harvard Law School. He was admitted to the bar in Middle-
sex County April 19, 1873, and practised law one year with Mr.
Hammond. Since that time he has been in practice by himself,

Native and Resident Lawyers. 329

with offices in Hingham and Boston. He was elected a member
of the school committee of Hingham in 1876, and chairman of the
board in 1880, which office he has held to the present time (1893).
He was representative to the General Court from the First Ply-
mouth District in 1884 and 1885, chairman of the Republican
State Committee in 1889, and has been re-elected to the same
office in 1890 and in 1891.

Thomas H. Buttimer [II. 113] was born in Hingham, March
17, 1868. His early education was in the Hingham public
schools. He was fitted for college in the Hingham High School,
and after the full course of four years he was graduated at Harvard
College in 1890. He studied law in the office of Child & Powers,
Boston, and at the Boston University Law School, where he received
the degree of LL.B. in 1892. He was admitted to the bar July 26,
1892, and practises his profession with offices in Boston and
Hingham.

Abel Cushing [II. 161], the son of Abel Cushing, was born in
Hingham March 13, 1785. He taught school in Hingham in 1805
and in later years. He was graduated at Brown University in
1810, and studied law with Hon. Ebenezer Gay, in Hingham, after-
wards removing to Dorchester, where he practised his profession.
He was representative to the General Court from Dorchester for
three years, and also a senator from Norfolk County. He was
appointed a justice of the Police Court in Boston, which office he
held until a short time before his death. He died in Dorchester
May 19, 1866.

Ebenezer Gay [II. 266] was the son of Martin and Ruth (At-
kins) Gay, and was baptized in Boston Feb. 24, 1771. He was
the grandson of Rev. Ebenezer Gay, D. D., so long the minister
of the First Parish in Hingham. Mr. Gay was fitted for college at
the Boston Latin School, and was graduated at Harvard College
in 1789. He studied law in the office of Christopher Gore, who
was an eminent statesman of that day, and afterwards governor
of Massachusetts. He was admitted to practice at the Court of
Common Pleas in 1793, in the County of Suffolk, opened an office
in Scollay's Building, where he soon acquired a lucrative prac-
tice in a day of small fees. Attracted by early associations he
removed to Hingham in 1805, where he opened an office, con-
tinuing his office in Boston also for some time after he came
here. After the death of his father, in 1809, he gave up his Bos-
ton office. Soon after coming to Hingham he was offered by Gov-
ernor Gore the appointment of judge of the Court of Common
Pleas, but declined it, and he continued the practice of his pro-
fession here until his death, which occurred Feb. 11, 1842. He
was State senator for two successive years, president of the
Hingham Bank from its establishment in 1833 until his death,
and filled other important offices of trust. His counsel and pro-
fessional services were much sought by the people of Hingham
and other neighboring towns, and his practice was large. Deeds
and other instruments in his handwriting are familiar sights to all

330 History of Hingham.

whose researches lead them to examine transactions here in the
earlier years of this century. Many young men studied law in his
office, — among them Abner Loring, Abel Cushing, Jerome Lor-
ing, John Thaxter, Jacob H. Loud, Solomon Lincoln, Benjamin B.
Fessenden, James H. Wilder, James L. Baker, and Ebcnezer Gay,
Jr. Mr. Gay was a man of decided opinions, fearless in express-
ing them, and commanded the respect of his clients for his pro-
fessional abilities.

" He was of that valuable class of the profession who, without
possessing the rare gift of eloquence, or the more common talent
for the conflicts of the bar, are yet able, by their learning and in-
tegrity, to pay the debt which every lawyer justly owes to his
profession. His clients, and among them many widows and or-
phans who resorted to him for advice, always found in him a
friend as well as a counsellor. Through life Mr. Gay exhibited a
unity of character, which was always marked with usefulness,
without ostentation or display. In politics he belonged to the old
Federal school, claiming Washington for their model and leader."

Ebenezer Gay [II. 266], the son of Ebcnezer and Mary Allyne
(Otis) Gay, was born in Hingham March 27, 1818. He was a
pupil at Derby Academy in early life, and studied law in the office
of his father in Hingham, and at the Harvard Law School, where
he received the degree of LL.B. in 1841. He began practice in
Hingham, and later opened an office also in Boston. He was a
member of the school committee of Hingham, a trustee of Derby
Academy, a director in the Hingham Bank, and State senator
in 1862. For several years he has held a position in the Suffolk
Registry of Probate.

John Gilman [II. 275] was horn in Hingham, England, and
was the son of Edward Gilman, who came here from Hingham, in
England, in 1638. This family afterwards settled in Exeter.
John Gilman probably went to Exeter before 1650, as the earliest
mention of his name noticed upon the town records there is an
order " by the freemen and some others chosen for ordering the
affairs of the town," dated June 19, 1650, signed by him and five
others. Nov. 9, 1652, he was again chosen one of the selectmen,
and in October, 1653, one of a committee " to carry on the meeting-
house." He was elected " townsman " for many years between
1654 and 1678, and probably afterwards. He was commissioner for
small causes in 1665, 1666, and 1668. He held many other offices,
and was evidently one of the prominent citizens of the place, often
chosen or appointed to positions of trust. In 1678 and 1679 he
was elected one of the associate judges of the County Court of
the old County of Norfolk. He was named, in President Cutt's
Commission in 1679, one of the Council of the Province, and also
in Gov. Cranfield's Commission in 1682, and was appointed one of
the justices of the Court of Pleas. In 1683, being obnoxious to
Gov. Cranfield, he was removed from the Council.

Upon the establishment of the new Provincial government in
New Hampshire in 1692, Capt. Gilman was elected a delegate to

Native and Resident Lawyers. 331

the Assembly, and was speaker of the House, and in 1697 he was
again a delegate. He died July 24, 1708.

Henry Edson Hersey [II. 321] was born in Hingham May
28, 1830, and was the son of Capt. Stephen and Maria (Lincoln)
Hersey. He gave early indications of a scholarly taste, and
after going through the customary course of instruction in the
public schools of Hingham, he was fitted for college at the Derby
Academy under the charge of Mr. Luther B. Lincoln. He entered
the sophomore class of Harvard College in 1847, and was gradu-
ated in 1850. His college rank was very high, and at Com-
mencement the salutatory oration was assigned to him. After
leaving college he was a private tutor in Charlestown, N. H., study-
ing law at the same time in the office of Hon. Edmund L.
Cushing. His professional studies were afterwards continued
in Boston in the offices of Hon. Peleg W. Chandler and Judge
John P. Putnam. He was admitted to the Suffolk Bar in Sep-
tember, 1854, and at once entered upon the practice of his pro-
fession, having offices in Boston and Hingham. He was a mem-
ber of the school committee of Hingham, one of the trustees of
Derby Academy, and for several years superintendent of the First
Parish Sunday-school.

In the fall of 1861, when he was just entering upon what
promised to be a successful practice, his health began to fail. He
sought relief in Spain and the south of France, but after a few
months' absence he returned to Hingham, his health not being
materially improved. He subsequently spent a few months in
New Hampshire, but the slow wasting of consumption continued
to exhaust his vital energies, and after returning again to Hing-
ham, he died Feb. 24, 1863. .

" He was gentle, quiet, modest, and unobtrusive, yet very social
and genial in his nature. He was refined in his tastes, diligent
and methodical in his habits, and upright in all his dealings.
Strictly conscientious, he aimed, in all the relations of life, to act
according to his convictions of duty and right. In everything he
undertook he was industrious, painstaking, faithful, — and he
met with that success, that approval and respect, which industry
and fidelity will always command. His was a turn of mind
eminently calculated to inspire confidence ; his manners and
habitual deportment were such as would commend any one to
favorable regard ; and his prevailing spirit was of a cast in which
men feel that reliance may be placed. He was discriminating,
careful, patient, calm, conciliating, and even-tempered, — qualifica-
tions so essential to one who is to act as an adviser and administra-
tor in the affairs of others, sure to be appreciated, and ultimately
meet their reward."

Sewall Henry Hooper [II. 352], son of John S. and Maria L.
(Barnes) Hooper, was born in Boston, July 29, 1853. His early
education was obtained in private schools in Boston, and he was
graduated at Harvard College in 1875. He studied law at the Har-
vard Law School and in the office of Brooks, Ball, and Storey, and

u.

332 History of Hingham.

was admitted to the bar in Suffolk County, Oct. 15, 1880, soon
after which he opened an office in Boston. He is a citizen of
Hingham, where he has his residence during a large portion of the
year.

Arthur Lincoln [II. 474], the son of Solomon and Mehitable <•
(Lincoln) Lincoln, was born in Hingham, Feb. 16, 1842. He at-
tended private and public schools in Hingham, the Derby Acade-
my, and was fitted for college by his cousin, Henry Edson Hersey,
Esq., in Hingham. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1863,
and at the Harvard Law School in 1865. Jan. 1, 1866, he entered
the law office of Lothrop and Bishop, Boston, having been ad-
mitted to the bar June 16, 1865. In January, 1867, he opened an
office in Boston, and remained by himself until Nov. 23, 1867,
when he became a partner with Lothrop and Bishop, the firm
name being Lothrop, Bishop, and Lincoln. He continued a mem-
ber of this firm until its dissolution in 1879, and since that time
he has been in practice by himself, in Boston.

He delivered the Address on Memorial Day in Hingham, in
1876.

He was representative to the General Court, from the First
Plymouth District in 1879 and 1880.

July 30, 1877, he was commissioned judge-advocate, with the
rank of captain, on the staff of Brigadier-General Eben Sutton,
commanding the Second Brigade, M. V. M., and March 3, 1882,
resigned and was discharged.

He has been a manager, secretary, and treasurer of the Boston
Dispensary ; treasurer of the Industrial School for Girls at Dor-
chester ; clerk and treasurer of the Proprietors of the Social Law
Library in Boston ; trustee of the Derby Academy ; trustee and
president of the Hingham Public Library ; trustee of the Massa-
chusetts State Library ; director of the Hingham Mutual Fire In-
surance Company ; and director and secretary of the Alumni
Association of Harvard College.

Benjamin Lincoln [III. 10], son of General Benjamin Lin-
coln, was born in Hingham, Nov. 1, 1756, and was graduated at
Harvard College in 1777. He held a distinguished position in a
class containing many men of more than average ability. He
studied law with Lieut.-Gov. Levi Lincoln, at Worcester, and com-
menced practice in Boston. He acquired an honorable reputation
at the bar, but the hopes of later distinction which were enter-
tained from his promising beginning were destroyed by his death,
at the early age of thirty-two, in 1788.

Jotham Lincoln [II. 456], the son of Jotham and Meriel
(Hobart) Lincoln, was born in Hingham, Nov. 7, 1815. He was
educated in the public schools of Hingham, and the Derby Acad-
emy, under the preceptorship of Mr. Increase S. Smith. Subse-
quently he attended the private school of Mr. Luther B. Lincoln,
and entered the sophomore class of Brown University in 1833,
and was graduated in 1836. He studied law in the office of Hon.
Solomon Lincoln, in Hingham, and was admitted to the bar in

Native and Resident Lawyers. 333

1839. He spent some time in teaching, and in 1841, when Hon.
Solomon Lincoln was appointed United States marshal, he suc-
ceeded to his law office in Hingham. In 1847 he was elected
a representative to the General Court. After the adjournment
of the General Court his bodily health was impaired and his mind
diseased. On his recovery he went to Colorado, having a brother
in Denver. He located upon a claim which he had taken up about
forty miles from Denver, under the shadow of the Rocky Moun-
tains. On Sept. 4, 1868, Mr. Lincoln was binding oats in his
field, with another man, when three Indians appeared. His man
ran for the house, but Mr. Lincoln would not run. The Indians
broke down the fence and rode up to him. One of them attacked
him with a sabre and the other two fired upon him, killing him
instantly.

Levi Lincoln [II. 466] was the son of Enoch and Rachel
(Fearing) Lincoln, and was born in Hingham, May 15, 1749. His
father was a farmer and a man of decided opinions, frequently
appointed on important committees of the town during the Revo-
lution, and a representative to the General Court. He was a man
of limited means, and not wishing to give to one of his children
advantages he could not offer to all, he placed his son Levi, at the
usual age, as an apprentice to an ironsmith. The son soon
manifested a love of literary pursuits, and devoted much of his time
to the study of Greek and Latin, in which he was assisted by Mr.
Joseph Lewis, a teacher for many years in Hingham, and also by
Dr. Gay, his minister. With his fondness for books it is not
strange that he soon acquired a distaste for his occupation. " His
books were his companions day and night. He generally ap-
peared as if in deep thought, and by some was considered reserved
and distant in his manners."

He soon abandoned his trade, and after six months' preparation
he entered Harvard College, where he was graduated in 1772.
After graduation he studied law with Hawley, and commenced
practice in Worcester, Mass., in 1775. ' He rapidly rose to a dis-
tinguished position at the bar, and was the acknowledged head of
his profession in Worcester County.

He was appointed clerk of the Court of Common Pleas in 1775,
and in 1776, judge of probate for Worcester County. In 1781 he
was elected a delegate to Congress under the Confederation, and in
1787 he was re-appointed a delegate, but declined the office. In
1797 he was State senator, and in 1800 he was chosen to repre-
sent the Worcester district in Congress. He took his seat March
4, 1801, and the next day was appointed, by President Jefferson,
jittorney-general of the United States. He resigned in 1805.
He discharged the duties of secretary of state, under President
Jefferson, until the arrival of Mr. Madison in Washington. He
had the affection and esteem of Mr. Jefferson in a great degree,
and received from him a warm tribute to his character and abili-
ties on leaving the Cabinet. In 1807 Mr. Lincoln was elected

334 Hiztory of Hingham.

lieut.-governor of Massachusetts, and re-elected in 1808, when,
in consequence of Governor Sullivan's death, he became acting-
governor. In 1810 he was elected a member of the Executive
Council of this Commonwealth, and in 1811 he was appointed an
associate-justice of the Supreme Court of the United States,
which office he declined, and soon after retired to private life.

" He was learned in his profession, and in his addresses to a
jury, eloquent, and sometimes irresistible. As a statesman he
was fearless and independent, and obtained respect by his energy
and decision of character, and not by the practice of any arts to
secure popular favor and public admiration."

He died April 14, 1820, and in a review of his character and
services a few days after his death was the following : —

" Few of our lawyers and divines are acquainted with the fact that the
arbitrary encroachments of the Royalist clergymen, in 1776, were first suc-
cessfully resisted here (Worcester), and that too by Mr. Lincoln, — that it
probably was his exertions that first defined and settled the often conflict-
ing interests of minister, church, and parish. How few of our rising politi-
cians have been taught that the first practical comment on the introductory
clause of the Bill of Rights was first given by a Worcester jury, — that it
was here first shown, by the irresistible eloquence of Lincoln, that ' all men
were in truth born free and equal,'1 and that a court sitting under the au-
thority of our Constitution, could not admit as a justification for an assault,
the principle of master and slave, — that it was the memorable verdict
obtained upon this trial which first broke the fetters of negro slavery in
Massachusetts and let the oppressed free ! This deed of Judge Lincoln,
even if it stood alone, ought to consecrate his memory with every freeman."

Solomon Lincoln [II. 474], the son of Solomon and Lydia
(Bates) Lincoln, was born in Hingham, Feb. 28, 1804. After
attending private and public schools in Hingham, he was admitted
to Derby Academy, Nov. 2, 1813, of which Rev. Daniel Kimball
was preceptor. In April, 1819, he left the Academy to pursue a
course of classical studies under the tuition of Rev. Joseph Rich-
ardson, of Hingham, and in September following, when but
lifteen years old, he entered the sophomore class of Brown Uni-
versitv, and was graduated there in 1822.

From Oct. 28, 1822, to Nov. 15, 1823, he taught private and pub-
lic schools in Falmouth, Mass. From Nov. 21, 1823, to Nov. 18,
1826, he studied law in the office of Hon. Ebenezer Gay, of Hing-
ham. Nov. 21, 1826, he was admitted to practice as an attorney
at the Court of Common Pleas, in Plymouth, Mass. Oct. 21,
1829, he was admitted as an attorney at the Supreme Judicial
Court, in Plymouth ; and Oct. 26, 1831, he was admitted as coun-
sellor by the Supreme Judicial Court, in Plymouth. Under the
laws then in force three years of study were required for admis-
sion to practice in the Court of Common Pleas, two years of
practice in that court as preliminary to practice in the Supreme
Judicial Court, and two years more of practice before admission
as a counsellor-at-law.

Native and Resident Lawyers. 335

He continued in practice as a lawyer in Hingham, with some
interruptions, until 1853.

He was elected a member of the Massachusetts House of Repre-
sentatives in 1829, and again in 1830, but in the latter year occu-
pied his seat for a few days only, having been elected to the
Massachusetts Senate in the session of that year, by the Legisla-
ture, there being no choice by the people. He was also elected to
the Senate in 1831, and served through the short session, after
which he declined being a candidate. He was also elected rep-
resentative in 1840.

In December, 1840, he was appointed messenger to carry to
Washington the electoral vote of Massachusetts for William
Henry Harrison.

March 10, 1841, he was appointed by President Harrison mar-
shal for the District of Massachusetts and entered upon the duties
of that office March 18, 1841, serving until December, 1844.

He was a master in chancery for the County of Plymouth,
which office he resigned March 10, 1843.

Oct. 2, 1849, he was appointed by Governor Briggs bank-com-
missioner, — George S. Boutwell and Joseph S. Cabot being the
other commissioners appointed. May 14, 1851, the board having
been established on a new basis, Governor Boutwell appointed as
bank-commissioners Solomon Lincoln for one year, Peter T.
Homer for two years, and Samuel Phillips for three years, and in
1852, Mr. Lincoln was re-appointed for three years. He resigned
in 1853, on his election to the office of cashier of the Webster
Bank in Boston, after which he gave up the active practice of the
law. He continued as cashier of the Webster Bank until 1869,
when he was elected its president, which office he held until his
resignation in January, 1876, and retirement from active business.

Anions; the numerous offices which he held and societies of
which he was a member were the following : —

Director of the Hingham Mutual Fire Insurance Company, 1833-1864.
President of the same, 1846-1864.

President of the Trustees of the Hingham Public Library, 1869-1874.
" " Hingham Cemetery for many years, resigning in 1881.

" " Trustees of Loring Hall, 1852-1881.
Vice-President of the Hingham Agricultural and Horticultural Society,

1858-1875, and President, 1875.
Trustee of Thayer Academy (Braintree) 1872-1881.
Member of the American Antiquarian Society.

" " New England Historic- Genealogical Society.

" " Massachusetts Historical Society.

" " Bunker Hill Monument Association.

Corresponding Member of the Essex Institute, 1857-1881.
Member of Old Colony Lodge of Freemasons, 1827.
Clerk of the First Parish in Hingham, 1829-1834.
Member of the School Committee of Hingham.

He was nominated for Representative to Congress, but declined the
nomination.

336 History of Hingham.

His interest in all matters relating to the history of his native
town was very great, and at the early age of twenty-three he
wrote and published the " History of Hingham." This is the only
history of the town which has heretofore been published. The
book, although small, contains much valuable information, and is
a monument of careful research and accuracy. It was published
in 1827. A list of Mr. Lincoln's published writings and addresses
appears in the chapter on " Publications," but the following con-
tains also many of his writings not published : —

1826, March 4. Address before the Jefferson Debating Society, Hingham.

1826, July 4. Oration before the Citizens of Hingham.

1827. History of Hingham.

1829, Nov. 24. Address at the Dedication of the Schoolhouse in the

Middle Ward, Hingham.

1830. Historical Sketch of Nantasket.

1830, July 18. Address before the Sunday School of the First Parish,

Hingham.
1832, Feb. 22. Oration before the Young Men of Plymouth, Mass., on

the Centennial Anniversary of the birth of George Washington.

1832, March 8. Lecture on " Fisheries" in the House of Representatives,

Boston. [Repeated before the Boston Society of Natural History,
Dec. 11, 1832.]

1833, March 20. Lecture in Hingham, "The Mutual Connection and De-

pendence of the Various Pursuits of Human Life." [Repeated at

South Hingham, Jan. 14, 1834.]
1833, Nov. 10. Address before the Sunday School of the First Parish,

Hingham.
1835, July 4. Oration before the Citizens of Quincy, Mass.
1835, Sept. 1. Address before the Philermenian Society, Brown Univer-
sity.
1835, Sept 28. Address at the 200th Anniversary of the Settlement of

Hingham.
183-. Address before the Plymouth County Agricultural Society.
1846, Sept. 16. Address before the Phi Beta Kappa Society, Brown

University.
1865. Notes on the Lincoln Families of Massachusetts.
1867, Sept. 25. Address at the Dedication of the Hall of the Hingham

Agricultural and Horticultural Society.
1870, June 17. Address at the Dedication of the Soldiers' Monument,

Hingham.
1880. Memoir of Rev. Charles Brooks.

Mr. Lincoln always lived in Hingham, where he died Dec. 1,
1881.

Solomon Lincoln [II. 474], the son of Solomon and Mehitable
(Lincoln) Lincoln was born in Hingham, Aug. 14, 1838. After
attending private schools in Hingham and the Derby Academy, he
was fitted for college at the private school of Mr. David B. Tower,
in Boston, under the tuition of Mr. Ephraim W. Gurney, subse-
quently a professor and member of the Corporation of Harvard
College. He entered the sophomore class of Harvard College in
1854 and was graduated in 1857.

f///h<r?.i ^zatfftti

)

Native and Resident Lawyers. 337

In February, 1858, he was appointed a tutor in Harvard College.
This position he occupied until July, 1863, having been first a
tutor in Greek and Latin, then in Greek, and finally in Mathe-
matics. During the last year of his tutorship he attended the
Harvard Law School, and received the degree of LL.B. in 1864.

Jan. 26, 1864, he entered the law office of Stephen B. Ives, Jr.,
in Salem, Mass. He was admitted to the bar Oct. 20, 1864, and
remained in Mr. Ives's office until July, 1865, when he was re-
ceived by that gentleman as his partner.

The firm of Ives and Lincoln was engaged in business in Salem
until Jan. 1, 1867. At that time they opened an office in Boston
and continued practice in both places until Feb. 1, 1882, when the
firm was dissolved. Mr. George L. Huntress was a partner dur-
ing the last four years, the firm name being Ives, Lincoln, and
Huntress.

Until 1881 Mr. Lincoln's residence was in Salem. Since that
time he has been a resident of Boston. While in Salem he was
a member of the School Committee.

Mr. Lincoln was aide-de-camp to Governor Talbot, with the
rank of colonel, in 1874, and aid and chief of staff to the same in
1879. He was an overseer of Harvard College from 1882 to 1889 ;
re-elected in 1890, and since 1890 president of the board.

In 1879 he was appointed by Governor Talbot a commissioner
to represent Massachusetts at a meeting of the governors of the
original thirteen States, at Yorktown, Va. In 1881 he attended
the Centennial Celebration at Yorktown, Va., as commissioner, in
the suite of Governor Long, who was also one of his college class-
mates.

He delivered an address at the celebration of the 250th anni-
versary of the settlement of Hingham, Sept. 15, 1885.

He is a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the
American Antiquarian Society, and a trustee of Derby Academy.

Henry M. Lisle [III. 22] studied law in the office of Shearjashub
Bourne, in Hingham, and remained here after Mr. Bourne removed
to Boston, practising law for five or six years, and then removed
to Milton, and finally to Boston. But little is known of him, and
there is a tradition that he went to the West Indies. He delivered
an oration before the inhabitants of Hingham on the death of
Washington, Feb. 22, 1800. His office was at first in Mr. Bourne's
old office, on the northeast side of Broad Bridge, and afterwards in
Loring's building, on the opposite side.

John D. Long [III. 25], the son of Zadoc and Julia Temple
(Davis) Long, was born in Buckfield, Me., Oct. 27, 1838. His
early education was in the common schools of his native town,
and at Hebron (Maine) Academy, where he fitted for college.

He was graduated at Harvard College in 1857, with high rank,
in a class containing more than the usual number of good scholars.
After graduating he was principal of the Westford (Mass.) Acad-
emy for two years. He has since been a trustee of that academy,
and president of the board of trustees.

vol. i.— 22*

338 History of Hingham.

In the fall of 1859 he entered the law office of Sidney Bartlett,
Esq., in Boston. In the fall of 1860 he entered the Harvard Law
School, and remained thereuntil May, 1861. Returning to Maine,
he studied law in Buckfield. During that year for a short time
he occupied the position of usher in the Boston Latin School.
In the spring of 1862 he opened a law office in Buckfield, Me. In
the fall of that year he came to Boston and spent the winter in the
offices of Peleg W. Chandler and Charles Levi Woodbury. In
May, 1863, he went into the office of Stillman B. Allen, Esq., and
in 1867 became his partner, the firm name being Allen and Long.
This partnership with Mr. Allen continued until Mr. Long be-
came lieut.-governor in 1879. In the summers of 1867 and 1868
he lived in Hingham, and in 1869 he made Hingham his perma-
nent residence. He has been a member of the School Committee,
a trustee of Derby Academy, and of the Hingham Public Library.

He was representative to the General Court from the First
Plymouth District in 1875, 1876, 1877, and 1878, and during the
last three of those years was speaker of the House of Representa-
tives. He was lieut.-governor of Massachusetts in 1879, and
governor in 1880, 1881, and 1882. He represented the Second
Massachusetts Congressional District in the 48th, 49th, and 50th
Congresses, being first elected in 1882.

He is a member of numerous societies and clubs, including the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the New England His-
toric-Genealogical Society, and many others.

He received the degree of LL.D. from Harvard University in
1880. His publications are enumerated in the chapter on " Pub-
lications." His pen has never been idle, and a list of all his
numerous orations and addresses would of itself fill a volume.
Mr. Long's public life and services are too well known to need
any eulogium in this history. In 1889 he resumed the practice
of his profession in Boston, returning to an association with his
former partners, under the firm name of Allen, Long, and
He men way.

Abner Loring [III. 36], son of Peter Loring, was born in Hing-
ham July 21, 1786, and was graduated at Harvard College in
1807. He studied law in the office of Hon. Ebenezer Gay in
Hingham, and commenced practice in Dorchester, Mass. Mr.
Loring was possessed of an unexceptionable character for fairness
and integrity. The hopes of his becoming distinguished in his
profession were cut off by his early death, July 18, 1814. His
death occurred " when his diligence in the pursuit of knowledge
and his integrity and skill in his professional duties had gained
universal respect and confidence, and opened the fairest prospect
of an honorable and lucrative establishment " in his profession.

Jacob H. Loud [III. 42] was born in Hingham, Feb. 5, 1802,
and was the son of Thomas and Lydia (Hersey) Loud. He fitted
for college at the Derby Academy under Rev. Daniel Kimball.
He entered Brown University in 1818, and was graduated in
1822. He studied law in Hingham with Hon. Ebenezer Gay,

Native and Resident Lawyers. 339

and was admitted to the bar in 1825. He commenced practice
in Plymouth, Mass., Sept. 1, 1825. June 7, 1830, he was ap-
pointed register of probate, which office he held until 1852. He
was State treasurer from 1853 to 1855, and from 1866 to 1871 ;
representative from Plymouth in 1863, and State senator in 1864
and 1865 ; president of Old Colony Bank, Plymouth, 1855-1865 ;
president of the Plymouth Savings Bank, 1872-1880 ; director of
the Old Colony Railroad Company ; actuary of the New England
Trust Company, Boston, 1870-1879. He delivered an oration in
Hingham, July 4, 1823. He died in Boston Feb. 2, 1880. Mr.
Loud was uniformly courteous in manner, a kind-hearted counsel-
lor, a faithful custodian of private trusts, and a man of rectitude,
industry, and conscientious fidelity in all the positions in which he
was placed.

John Otis [III. 102] was born in Hingham in 1657. He moved
to Barnstable in 1686, where he died Sept. 23, 1727. He was
a distinguished lawyer, for eighteen years a colonel of militia,
twenty years representative, twenty-one years a member of the
Council, and for thirteen years chief justice of the Court of
Common Pleas and judge of probate.

He was the father of James Otis, and grandfather of James
Otis " the patriot," both well known in connection with the his-
tory of the country.

Benjamin Pratt [III. 116], son of Aaron Pratt, was born
March 13, 1710-11, in that part of Hingham now included with-
in the limits of Cohasset. He was graduated at Harvard College
in 1737. He studied law with Auchmuty or Gridley, or both, and
commenced practice in Boston. For several years he was one of
the Boston representatives in the General Court, and was fearless
and independent in support of those measures he thought to be
just. He was a man of strong intellect and decided traits of
character, qualities which made him conspicuous at the bar. He
gained the friendship of Governor Pownal, and by his influence
was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court of New York.
On the occasion of his separation from the Suffolk Bar, the mem-
bers sent him an address, which spoke in affectionate terms of his
worth as a man and a lawyer.

Chief Justice Pratt hoped to spend the closing years of his life
in New England, for he was possessed of all the pride of being
a New England man, but death came to him ere he realized this
fond anticipation. He died in New York Jan. 5, 1763.

His talents were unquestioned. He was a man of great learn-
ing, and wrote much in prose and poetry in a classical and schol-
arly style. He made an extensive collection of rare documents
relating to the history of New England, and hoped to write its
history, but that hope he did not live to see fulfilled.

Edward B. Pratt, son of Samuel L. and Mary L. (Bigley)
Pratt, was born in Boston, Dec. 22, 1866. The family moved to
Hingham in 1879. He attended the public schools, and was fitted
for college in the Hingham High School ; took the full course of

340 History of Hingham.

four years at Harvard College, where he was graduated in 1888 ;
studied law in the office of Richardson & Hale, Boston, and at the
Boston University Law School, where he received the degree of
LL.B. in 1891 ; was admitted to the bar Jan. 17, 1891, and has
offices in Hingham and Boston.

David Thaxter [III. 237] was the son of Joseph B. and Sally
(Gill) Thaxter, and was born in Hingham March 24, 1824. He
was educated in the schools of this town, and learned the trade of
a silversmith in his father's shop ; but pursued his studies, partly
under the tuition of Preceptor Luther B. Lincoln, and afterwards
at the Harvard Law School. He obtained his legal education by
his own exertions, and with the aid of his brothers, and entered
the office of Sidney Bartlett, Esq., the eminent lawyer of Boston.
His office was in connection with Mr. Bartlett's during his entire
professional career, until his death, which occurred June 10, 1878.
Mr. Thaxter never sought or held public office. His life was un-
ostentatious and somewhat retired. His reading was extensive
and varied, and he was a man of broad and liberal views. In pro-
fessional ability and character he commanded the entire respect
of the members of the bar, and had the confidence of his clients as
a barrister of perfect integrity.

John Thaxter [III. 233] was born in Hingham July 5, 1755,
and was graduated at Harvard College in 1774. He studied law
with (President) John Adams, in Braintree, and in 1776 was ap-
pointed deputy secretary to Congress. Afterwards, in the absence
of Mr. Thompson, he performed the duties of secretary. In 1779,
when Mr. Adams was appointed minister to make a treaty of peace
with Great Britain, Mr. Thaxter went with him to Europe, as his
private secretary, and with Mr. Adams resided in France and Hol-
land. His integrity and fidelity won for him the greatest confi-
dence of Mr. Adams. After peace was confirmed in 1783, the
commissioners sent him to America with the charge of presenting
the definitive treaty to Congress.

In 1784 he commenced the practice of law in Haverhill, Mass.,
where he died at an early age.

" As a lawyer, Mr. Thaxter was eminently respected for those
qualifications the want of which, in some of the profession, has
brought a degree of odium upon the whole ' order.' A nervous
system, too delicate by nature to withstand the imperious taunts of
overbearing arrogance, and still more debilitated by disease, dis-
appointed the expectations which his strong, manly style of senti-
ment had created, and unhappily rendered him less useful as an
advocate at the bar than as a counsellor in his chamber. But he
was rich in the less glaring virtues, — honor, integrity, fidelity,
and love of peace. These gained him the esteem and confidence
of all."

John Thaxter [III. 235] was the son of Quincy Thaxter, and
was born in Hingham Nov. 4, 1793. He was graduated from Har-
vard College in 1814, read law in the office of Hon. Ebenezer Gay,
of Hingham, and settled in Scituate, where he died in 1825.

NATIVE MINISTERS.

BY FRANCIS H. LINCOLN.

The following biographical sketches are of those natives of
Hingham who became ministers and were settled in other places.
The list is as complete as our records have enabled the writer
to make it, and it is hoped no important omissions have been
made. There are also sketches of a few who, though not born
here, are sufficiently identified with the town to entitle them to no-
tice. Ministers who have been settled here are noticed, in con-
nection with their parishes, in the chapter on Ecclesiastical
History.

Jedidiah Andrews [II. 12], sou of Thomas Andrews, was born
in Hingham, July 7, 1674, and was graduated at Harvard College
in 1695. He taught school in Hingham in 1697, and was or-
dained in Philadelphia in the autumn of 1701. He appears to
have performed a good deal of missionary labor in other places, as
his record of baptisms shows that he ministered in Hopewell,
Gloucester, Burlington, Amboy, and Staten Island. He was the
Recording Clerk of the Presbytery and of the Synod as long as he
lived. He conducted most of their correspondence, especially
with New England, and was considered to be particularly gifted
in bringing to a successful termination any disputes, both in con-
gregations and among individuals. He died, after a long ministry,
in 1747. Benjamin Franklin speaks of him thus : —

"Though I seldom attended any public worship, I had still an opinion
of its propriety, and of its utility when rightly conducted, and I regularly
paid my annual subscription for the support of the only Presbyterian minis-
ter or meeting we had in Philadelphia. He used to visit me sometimes as a
friend, and admonish me to attend his administrations ; and I was now and
then prevailed on to do so, — once for five Sundays successively. Had he been
in my opinion a good preacher, perhaps I might have continued, notwith-
standing the occasion I had for the Sunday's leisure in my course of study ;
but his discourses were chiefly either polemic arguments or explications of
the peculiar doctrines of our sect, and were all to me very dry, uninterest-
ing, and unedifying ; since not a single moral principle was inculcated or
enforced, — their aim seeming to be rather to make us Presbyterians than

342 History of Hingham.

good citizens. At length he took for his text that verse of the fourth
chapter to the Philippians : ' Finally, brethren, whatsoever things are
true, honest, just, pure, lovely, or of good report, if there be any virtue,
or any praise, think on these things,' and I imagined, in a sermon on such a
text, we could not miss of having some morality. But he confined him-
self to five points only, as meant by the apostle : 1. Keeping holy the
Sabbath Day ; 2. Being diligent in reading the holy Scriptures ; 3. At-
tending duly the public worship ; 4. Partaking of the Sacrament ; 5. Pay-
ing a due respect to God's ministers. These might be all good things ;
but as they were not the kind of good things that I expected from that
text, I despaired of ever meeting with them from any other, was disgusted,.
and attended his preaching no more."

John Andrews [II. 13] was the son of Joseph and Hannah
(Richmond) Andrews, and was born in Hingham, March 3, 1764.
When quite a lad lie was apprenticed to a Mr. Fleet, a printer in
Boston ; but his earnest desire to obtain a liberal education induced
his father to consent to his leaving Mr. Fleet at the end of the sec-
ond year of his apprenticeship. He was fitted for college with Dr.
Howard, afterwards of Springfield, but at that time a teacher in
Hingham. He was graduated from Harvard College in 1786,
studied theology at Cambridge, and resided for two years in the
family of Chief Justice Dana. He soon accepted a call to settle
as colleague with the Rev. Thomas Cary over the First Church in
Newburyport, and was ordained Dec. 10, 1788. Mr. Cary died
Nov. 24, 1808, and Mr. Andrews retained the sole charge of the
parish until May 1, 1830, when he resigned his office.

After his resignation he preached occasionally to one or two
societies in the vicinity of Newburyport. His death took place
Aug. 17, 1845, in his eighty-second year. In 1824 he received the
degree of S. T. D. from Harvard University. Dr. Andrews, in
his opinions, would be classed among those known as Unitarians.
He abhorred all exclusiveness, and owned no creed but the Bible.
Until the close of his professional life he freely exchanged pulpit
services with all the Congregational ministers in Newburyport
and its vicinity. He seldom touched upon controverted subjects,
preferring to confine himself to those of a more practical nature.
He preached the Dudleian Lecture, and several of his occasional
discourses were published. For fifty years he was a trustee of
Dummer Academy and for half that time its faithful treasurer.
He was one of the delegates in the convention for revising the
constitution of Massachusetts.

Nicholas Baker [II. 17] came to Hingham in 1635, and was
one of those who had grants of house-lots in that year. He was
a delegate to the General Court in 1636 and in 1638. He left
Hingham at an early date, and after living in Hull for several
years, was ordained as pastor of the church in Scituate, in 1660.
He died Aug. 22, 1678. Cotton Mather, in his " Magnalia," speaks
of him as " honest Nicholas Baker ; who, though he had but a
private education, yet being a pious and zealous man, or, as Dr.

Native Ministers. 343

Arrowsmith expresses it, so good a logician that he could offer up
to God a reasonable service ; so good an arithmetician that he
could wisely number his days ; and so good an orator that he per-
suaded himself to be a good Christian, and being also one of good
natural parts, especially of a strong memory, was chosen pastor
of the church there ; and in the pastoral charge of that church he
continued about eighteen years."

Samuel M. Beal [II. 75], the son of Samuel and Elizabeth
(Souther) Beal, was born in Hingham Oct. 23, 1839. His educa-
tion was obtained in the public schools of Hingham, Wilbraham
Academy, and the theological department of Boston University.
He became a Methodist minister, and has been stationed as fol-
lows : —

1870-72. North Bridgewater, West Church.

1873-74. Fall River, Quarry Street.

1875. Somerset.

1876-78. Edgartown.

1879-80. West Dennis.

1881-82. Wellfleet.

1883. Hebronville and Dodgeville.

1884-86. Sandwich.

1887. Westerly.

1888-89. Nantucket.

1890. Vineyard Haven.

1891-92. Centralville, R. I.

John A. Crowe [II. 148] was born in Hingham, Nov. 17, 1860.
His early education was in the public schools of Hingham. He
entered Boston College, an educational institution under the
direction of the Fathers of the Society of Jesus, in February,
1878, and was graduated therefrom in June, 1880. In the fol-
lowing September he began his immediate preparation for the
priesthood at St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Md., where, after
completing the course of prescribed study, he received the degree
of Bachelor of Theology. He was ordained to the orders of
deaconship and priesthood at St. Michael's Cathedral, Springfield,
Mass., by the Rt. Rev. P. T. O'Reilly, Dec. 22, 1883. His first
appointment was in connection with St. Jerome's Church, Holyoke,
Mass., where he remained one year. In June, 1885, he was trans-
ferred to Concord, Mass., where, in addition to assisting in paro-
chial work, he is the Roman Catholic chaplain to the Massachusetts
Reformatory.

Jeremiah Cushing [II. 151], son of Daniel Cushing, was born in
Hingham July 3, 1654, and was graduated at Harvard College in
1676. He was educated for the ministry, under Rev. Mr. Norton,
of Hingham, but did not settle immediately over any parish. He
received an invitation to settle in Haverhill in 1682, which he de-
clined, but afterwards was invited to become the pastor of the First
Church in Scituate, which invitation he accepted. He was or-
dained May 27, 1691. All the church records of his time are

344 History of Hingham.

lost, and there is little material from which to form an estimate
of his ministry. He was the pastor of the church in Scituate
until his death, which occurred March 22, 1705.

Job Cushing [II. 153], son of Matthew Cushing, was born in
Hingham July 19, 1694, and. graduated at Harvard College in
1714. He was the first minister of Shrewsbury, Mass., where he
was ordained Dec. 4, 1723. In 1731 a question arose respecting
the expediency in church government of having ruling elders in
the church. This and matters growing out of it engaged the at-
tention of the church for ten years or more. Church meetings
were frequent, and there was much correspondence between this
church and that of Framingham. This disclosed a controversy
between the churches of Framingham and Hopkinton. In all this
Mr. Cushing necessarily took a prominent part. He died Aug. 6,
1760.

Jonathan Cushing [II. 152], the son of Peter and Hannah
CHawke) Cushing, was born in Hingham Dec. 20, 1689. He was
graduated at Harvard College in 1712. He afterwards taught
school in Hingham, and was ordained as minister of the First
Parish in Dover, N. H., Sept. 18, 1717. He " sustained the char-
acter of a grave and sound preacher, a kind, peaceable, prudent
and judicious pastor, a wise and faithful friend." He died March
25, 1769.

Rev. Jeremy Belknap was ordained as colleague pastor with Mr.
Cushing Feb. 18, 1767.

Samuel Dunbar [II. 197] was the son of Peter and Sarah
(Thaxter) Dunbar, and was born in Hingham May 11, 1704. He
was graduated at Harvard College in 1723, and was ordained pas-
tor of the First Parish of Stoughton in 1727, where he remained in
faithful service for fifty-five years, until his death, June 15, 1783.
There was no other religious society in all the territory of the
First Parish of Stoughton, being that territory now included in
and forming the town of Canton.

Paul Revere, at the age of twenty-one, accompanied Col. Grid-
ley to Crown Point in 1755-56, and assisted in the struggle then
going on. Rev. Mr. Dunbar accompanied them on this distant
and perilous journey, returning to his parochial duties in Decem-
ber, 1755.

Nathaniel Eells [II. 210] was born in 1678, and was the son
of Samuel Eells, who removed to Hingham from Connecticut
about 1689, when Nathaniel was eleven years old. His father's
residence was in Hingham until his death, in 1709. Nathaniel was
graduated from Harvard College in 1699. The first mention of
him in Scituate, according to Mr. Deane, is Jan. 12, 1702-3, when
" the church and society chose a committee to discourse with Mr.
Eells concerning his settling with us in the work of the ministry."
Again, in 1703, " The agents before chosen are directed to apply
themselves to Mr. Eells, at his return to Hingham, concerning
his settlement in the work of the ministry." He was ordained in

Native Ministers. 345

Scituate June 14, 1704. He was a leader among the neighboring
clergy, — well acquainted with the constitution and usages of the
churches, weighty in counsel, and often called to distant parts of
the State and to other States on ecclesiastical councils. He as-
sisted in the embodiment of the church in the South Parish in
Hingham, Nov. 20, 1746. As a preacher there is reason to be-
lieve that he did not so much excel as in his dignity of character
and soundness of understanding. He preached the election ser-
mon in 1743. His sentiments were the moderate Calvinism of
that day, closely bordering on Arminianism, though in the latter
part of his life he continued to speak of Arminian free-will as an
error, but with no asperity. He died August 25, 1750.

Samuel French [II. 235], son of Samuel and Bathsheba (Beal)
French, was born in Hingham, July 13, 1729. He was graduated
at Harvard College in 1748, and studied divinity. He is repre-
sented as an excellent scholar and an amiable man. He died
May 21, 1752, in the twenty-third year of his age.

Calvin Gardner [II. 251] was the son of Samuel and Chloe
(Whiton) Gardner, and was born in Hingham, Aug. 29, 1798.
He did not receive a college education, but was a good scholar,
and esteemed for ability and integrity. He was first settled in
the ministry over the Universalist church in Charlestown, Mass.,
in June, 1825, and he remained there until December, 1826. After
two short settlements in other places he became the pastor of the
Universalist church in Waterville, Me., in 1833, and for twenty
vears, until 1853, he held that position. He was twice married, —
first, to Mary Whiting [III. 301], of Hingham, Dec. 26, 1825.
She died Sept. 2, 1832. He married for bis second wife Julia Ann
Hasty, of Waterville, Me., June 30, 1834. Mr. Gardner was a man
of fine character, who will always be affectionately remembered
in Waterville. He died there March 22, 1865.

Henry Hersey [II. 313] was the son of Capt. Laban and Celia
(Barnes) Hersey, and was born in Hingham, Aug. 16, 1796. His
early education was obtained in the public schools of Hingham
and in Derby Academy. He fitted for college under the tuition
of Rev. Joseph Richardson of this town, and was graduated at
Brown University in 1820. He pursued his theological studies at
the Harvard Divinity School, where he spent the usual term of
three years to qualify himself for the ministry, receiving his de-
gree in 1823. In 1824 Mr. Hersey received a call to settle as
pastor of the Congregational Church and Society in the East Pre-
cinct of Barnstable, which he accepted, and was ordained Oct. 6,
1824. There he remained in the faithful discharge of his duty
for nearly eleven years, when the state of his health compelled
him to ask for his dismissal, which was granted. He left Barn-
stable in May, 1835. On leaving the ministry, which he did not
again resume, he retired to his home in this town, where he spent
the remainder of his days. He served as chairman of the school
committee here for several years, with a warm interest in the

346 History of Hingham.

prosperity of the schools and in the character of his native town.
His reports were well written, judicious, and practical. He was a
delegate to the convention in 1853 for revising the constitution of
Massachusetts. Of his ministry at Barnstable it has been said :
" It was marked by sobriety and an earnest desire to do good. He
was a good preacher and pastor, and had many deeply attached
friends. He was a fluent and easy writer, and his sermons were
such as to commend themselves to his hearers." Mr. Hersey died
in Hingham Sept. 23, 1877.

Gershom Hobart [II. 335], son of Rev. Peter Hobart, was born
in Hingham, December, 1645. He was graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1667, in the same class with his brothers Japhet and Nche-
miah. After graduation he lived for a while in Hingham. "Hobart
accompanied, or soon followed, the settlers who, after the destruc-
tion of Groton by the Indians in 1676, returned in the spring of
1678," and he was ordained minister there Nov. 26, 1679, as suc-
cessor to Rev. Samuel Willard. His ministry was not harmonious.
About the year 1689 he appears to have left the town, the dissen-
sions having become so great. Although calls had been made to
others, he was, in 1690, and again in 1693, asked to return, and he
did so before 1694. When the Indians attacked Groton in 1694,
Mr. Hobart was preserved from falling into their hands, although
they took two of his children, killing one of them. He preached
in Groton until 1705, and resided there till his death, Dec. 19,
1707.

Jeremiah Hobart [II. 335], the second son of Rev. Peter Ho-
bart, was born in England in 1631. He was graduated at Har-
vard College in 1650, in the class with his brother Joshua. After
preaching at Bass River, now Beverly, and at other places, he was
ordained at Topsfield, Mass., Oct. 2, 1672. His ministry there
" was far from being a smooth one," and he was dismissed Sept.
21, 1680. In 1683 he was called to Hempstead, Long Island, and
was installed Oct. 17, 1683. His labors were satisfactory, but
finding it difficult to collect his salary of <£70, he settled in Had-
dam, Conn., in 1691. Here again he found himself in the midst of
difficulties and controversies, arising from various causes, and his
ministry seems to have been far from " smooth." In 1714 Mr.
Phineas Fish was settled as his colleague, and " Nov. 6, 1715, being
the Lord's Day, he attended public worship in the forenoon, and
received the sacrament ; and during the intermission expired, sit-
ting in his chair."

Joshua Hobart [II. 335] was the eldest son of Rev. Peter Hobart,
the first minister of Hingham, and came to Hingham with his father
in 1635. He was born in England in 1628, and was graduated at
Harvard College in 1650. His brother Jeremiah was of the same
class. The two brothers probably continued at the college till
December, 1651. They were employed successively as preachers
at Bass River, now Beverly, Mass. July 16, 1655, Joshua sailed
for Barbadoes, whence, having married, he went to London. He

Native Ministers. 347

subsequently returned to Boston, and " in 1672, after the death of
Rev. John Youngs, the first minister of Southold, Long Island, pre-
viously minister at Hingham in England, the inhabitants sent an
agent to Boston for ' an honest and godly minister ; ' whereupon
Joshua Hobart went to them, and was ordained Oct. 7, 1674." He
died at Southold Feb. 28, 1716-17, " near ninety years of age, and
yet preached publickly within a few months before his decease."
" He was an eminent physician, civilian, and divine, and every way
a great, learned, pious man."

Nehemiah Hobart [II. 335], son of Rev. Peter Hobart, was bap-
tized in Hingham Nov. 20, 1648. He was graduated at Harvard
College in 1667, in the class with his brothers Gershom and Japhet.
He began to preach at Newton in June, 1672, and was ordained
there Dec. 23, 1674, having given " this bereaved flock a rich
blessing," in healing, even before his ordination, the dissensions
which followed the death of the former minister, John Eliot. He
was a Fellow of Harvard College. Leverett's Diary states that
" He was a great blessing and an Ornam1 to the Society. Upwards
of 40 years God blessed Newton with his Ministry. A few days
before his death, in his Last Sickness he observed to Mr Brattle
& the Presid' who made him a visit, that upon his Return
from the Last Coinencem* he Remark'd that he had bin at 49
Comencmts never having miss'd one from the very first time he
had waited on that Solemnity, and that God onely knew whether
he sh*J attain to the 50th" He died Aug. 25, 1712. He is spoken of
as " an excellent scholar, in the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, some-
time a vice-president of the college, a most pious, humble, prudent,
and benevolent man."

Noah Hobart [II. 338] was the son of David, and brother of
Nehemiah Hobart, the first minister of Cohasset. He was born in
Hingham, Jan. 2, 1705-6, and was graduated at Harvard College
in 1724. He was ordained pastor of the First Church in Fair-
field, Conn., Feb. 7, 1732-3. There he continued in the able and
faithful discharge of the duties of his office for over forty years.
The Sabbath immediately preceding his death he preached twice,
and with more than his accustomed animation. He continued in
his usual health until the evening of the Tuesday following, when
he was attacked with a disease which, before the next Sabbath,
closed his earthly existence. He died Dec. 6, 1773.

" He possessed high intellectual and moral distinction. He had
a mind of great acuteness and discernment ; was a laborious stu-
dent ; was extremely learned, especially in History and Theology ;
advanced the doctrine which he professed by an exemplary life ;
and was holden in high veneration for his wisdom and virtue."

Daniel Kimball [II. 406] was the son of Daniel and Elizabeth
(Tenny) Kimball, and was born in Bradford, Mass., July 3, 1778.
He worked on his father's farm in summer and attended the dis-
trict school in winter to the age of sixteen. He fitted for college
with Mr. John Vose, for many years preceptor of Atkinson Acad-

348 History of Hingham.

■emy. Mr. Kimball was graduated at Harvard College in 1800.
After graduation he taught in the Sandwich Academy for a year,
and in Bradford for six months, when he returned to Cambridge
as a theological student. He was approbated and commenced
preaching in 1803, and in the same year was appointed tutor in
Latin, which office he held for two years. He then spent some
time in preaching, writing, and study. He was preceptor of Der-
by Academy from 1808 to 1826, and was ordained in Hingham as
an evangelist, Dec. 17, 1817. After leaving the Academy, he
removed to Needham, Mass., where he kept a boarding-school for
both sexes until 1848. Mr. Kimball died in Needham, Jan. 17,
1862.

Daniel Lewis [II. 441], the son of John and Hannah (Lincoln)
Lewis, was born in Hingham Sept. 29, 1685. He was graduated
at Harvard College in 1707, taught school in Hingham from 1708
to 1712, and was ordained the first minister of the First Parish in
Pembroke, Dec. 3, 1712. His peaceful ministry continued there
for nearly forty years. He died June 29, 1753, his wife having
died two weeks before him, both of a fever of less than a fort-
night's duration.

Isaiah Lewis [II. 441], the son of John and Hannah (Lincoln)
Lewis, was born in Hingham, June 10, 1703, and was graduated
at Harvard College in 1723. He was ordained in 1730 as minister
of that part of Eastham, Mass., which was soon afterwards Well-
fleet. Up to the time of his ordination the church over which he
was settled had not been organized, and the council which was
called for the ordination organized it. He continued in the faith-
ful discharge of his duty for many years. In 1779 Mr. Lewis be-
came old and feeble, and was unable to perform all the labors of his
ministry, and it was voted that he should be dismissed ; but after
a consultation with him it was agreed that he should relinquish
his claim upon the town for his salary, and continue his pastoral
■connection. Twenty pounds were allowed for his maintenance,
and a committee appointed to procure a minister. He continued
in the ministry at Wellfleet fifty-five years. " He possessed a
strong mind, and a heart devoted to the work of the gospel, in
which he labored diligently and with success." He died in 1786.

George Lincoln [II. 457], the son of George and Sarah
(French) Lincoln, was born in Hingham, June 9, 1797. At the
age of fourteen he went to Boston to learn the sail-maker's trade,
and was soon after converted in the Bennet-Street Church. He
returned to Hingham and continued in the occupation of sail-
making, having also other business interests. He was one of the
seven members of the first Methodist class formed in Hingham
in 1818, and spared no labor to promote its welfare. He spent
much of the time which he could spare from his business in educat-
ing himself for the work of the ministry. He was licensed and
•ordained a local preacher, and for fifty years or more preached
as he had opportunity. His longest terms of service were at North

Native Ministers. 349

Cohasset, South Hingham, and East Abington. He felt specially
called to go out into the by-ways and hedges, and there was no
neighborhood, however isolated, within many miles of his home
in which he had not preached the " word of life."

He died in Hingham, Jan. 2, 1868, in the seventy-first year of
his age.

Henry Lincoln [II. 467], the son of William and Mary (Otis)
Lincoln, was born in Hingham, Nov. 3, 1765. He fitted for col-
lege with Eleazer James, teacher of a school in Hingham, and had
some assistance from Dr. Joshua Barker. He was graduated at
Harvard College in 1786. He studied theology with Mr. Shaw, of
Marshfield, and was ordained pastor of the church at Falmouth,
Mass., Feb. 3, 1790. This was his only settlement in the ministry.
The pastoral connection between Mr. Lincoln and his parish was
dissolved by mutual consent Nov. 26, 1823. He then removed to
Nantucket, and the remainder of his life was spent there in the
home of his daughter, who was the wife of Dr. Elisha P. Fearing.
He died in. Nantucket, May 28, 1857, and was buried in Fal-
mouth.

Perez Lincoln [II. 478], son of David Lincoln, was born Jan.
21, 1777, and graduated at Harvard College in 1798. He studied
divinity with Dr. Barnes of Scituate, and was settled in the minis-
try at Gloucester, Mass., Aug. 3, 1805. He was a talented and
promising divine, but his constitution was feeble, and after a few
years of devoted labor he died in Hingham, June 13, 1811.

William G. Marsh [III. 63], son of Samuel W. Marsh, was
born in Hingham, Feb. 28, 1841. He received his education in
the schools of Hingham and was for a time engaged in business
in the employ of the Woonsocket (R. I.) Print Works. In December
1868, he went to Melbourne, Australia, and in 1873 he was ap-
pointed secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association in
that city. In 1885 he resigned his position as secretary, and
since that time he has been engaged in missionary service in
Australia. He is an Episcopal clergyman.

Andrews Norton [III. 94], the youngest child of Samuel and
Jane (Andrews) Norton, was born in Hingham, Dec. 31, 1786.
He was a lineal descendant of Rev. John Norton, the second
minister of the First Parish. He was fitted for college at Derby
Academy under Preceptor Abner Lincoln, and in 1801 entered
the Sophomore class in Harvard College. He was graduated in
1804. He was grave and studious from his childhood, and in
college he held a high character for scholarship and moral worth.
After graduation he spent four years in theological study. For a
short time, in 1806, he was preceptor of Derby Academy. In
1809 he accepted an invitation to supply the pulpit in Augusta,
Me. ; but, after preaching there a few Sundays he accepted the
position of Tutor in Bowdoin College and entered immediately on
its duties. Here he remained a year and then removed to Cam-
bridge.

350 History of Hingham.

In 1811 he was appointed tutor in mathematics in Harvard
College and remained in this position for a year. In 1812 he es-
tablished the publication, " The General Repository and Review,"
which continued for two years. It was very earnest in defence of
Uuitarianism, and was conducted with great ability. In 1813 he
was appointed librarian of Harvard College Library and held the
office for eight years. In the same year, 1813, he was also ap-
pointed lecturer on the Criticism and Interpretation of the Scrip-
tures in the college. In 1819 he was elected Dexter Professor of
Sacred Literature in the Harvard Divinity School. In 1830 he
resigned his professorship, but still continued to devote himself to
literary and theological pursuits.

In 1849 he suffered from a severe illness, from which he never
fully recovered. He passed the summer of 1850 in Newport, by
the advice of his physician, and his sojourn there was attended
with such beneficial results that he made it his subsequent resi-
dence. In the summer of 1853 it was apparent that his strength
was declining, and he died Sept. 18, 1853. Professor Norton
was a learned writer on theological questions. He was a fre-
quent contributor to periodicals, and many of his essays and
discourses were published. Of his more elaborate works, that on
■" The Evidences of the Genuineness of the Gospels " is regarded
as " one of the most important contributions which this country
has made to theological literature." " To him, also, with Mr.
Buckminster, Professor Stuart, and a few others, we are indebted
for that impulse given to Biblical study in New England early
in the present century, which has been of incalculable benefit to
all denominations."

David Sprague [III. 166], son of David Sprague, was born in
Hingham, April 12, 1707. The following is taken from a " His-
tory of the Exeter (R. I.) Baptist Church," by T. A. Hall.

" Elder David Sprague, who was the founder and first pastor of the
Exeter Baptist Church, was a native of Hingham, Mass., from whence he
removed to Scituate, R. I., where he was converted and received as a mem-
ber of the Six Principle Baptist Church in that town, then under the min-
istry of Rev. Samuel Fiske. Here he commenced preaching with great
acceptance, but, not holding Arminian views, was soon a little unpopular.
He next removed to North Kingstown, united with the church in that town,
and was ordained in 1737 as colleague to Rev. Richard Sweet, but
finally left that church on account of its free-will notions, as he was Calvin-
istic in his views, and went to South Kingstown and preached to the
church in that place, but soon left them, and for the same reason, and re-
moved to Exeter, where in the autumn of 1750 he founded the church
made up largely of what were then termed New Lights.

" There were two large gatherings of the New Light Churches of New
England with the Exeter Church. The first, representing twenty-five
churches, was on the 23d of May, 1753; the second, representing twelve
churches, was on the second Tuesday in September, 1754, to settle terms
of fellowship and communion at the Lord's table.

Native Ministers. 351

" Of this last meeting, David Sprague was chosen Moderator, and Isaac
Backus, Clerk. At the first meeting Elder Sprague was chosen in com-
pany with Elders Weeden, Lee, and Beck, to visit Middleborough, Mass.,
and sit in council on the troubles there, in the church of Mr. Backus. The
decisions of these two councils in Exeter were in favor of open communion.
Elder Sprague, being a strict Baptist in his views, shortly after left not
only the New Lights, but the pastorate of the Exeter church.

" The first record which we have been able to find is of a meeting
Sept. 17, 1757, at the meeting-house, to hear from their pastor, Elder
Sprague, the reasons for his long absence ; he not being present, the church
adjourned to Oct. 1, 1757. At this meeting, at the desire of Elder
Sprague, the proceedings of a council, held at the meeting-house July 15,
1757, were read, after which he 'read an epistle in which he laid down
many reasons for his not meeting with us for a long time, and also enjoined
many things for the church to remove, confess, and retract before he could
walk with us.' Deacon Joseph Rogers attempted some reply, which Elder
Sprague would not hear, and abruptly left the house. On the 19th of
November following the church next met, and after reading the result of
a council held on the 3d of November, which advised and entreated them
to withdraw from their pastor, they proceeded to read a letter of with-
drawal, which Deacons Joseph Rogers and Philip Jenkins had previously
prepared, which was adopted, and messengers appointed to carry it to
him.

" Soon after, Deacon Philip Jenkins felt it to be his duty to preach the
gospel and take the watchcare of the church, but the church not being
agreed on this matter, he left it, together with a number of those who
were attached to him. Deacon Joseph Rogers about the same time had a
grievous difficulty with another brother, in consequence of which Rogers
also left the church. From this time, 1759, until 1763, it appears that no
business meetings of the church were held.

"The records again commence May 21, 1763, with Solomon Sprague
for Moderator. Soon after this the church unanimously voted that they
felt that he was the man to lead them on and take the watchcare of the
church; but his mind as yet was not clear on that point. In July, 1766,
David Sprague, their former pastor, returned, and was cordially received
to their membership. He also in the same meeting offered himself and his
gifts to the church to lead them on as a pastor; but they declined the
offered service as evidently showing that their minds were fixed upon the
son as their choice for a leader. During his absence from the church he
had preached for a season at New London, Conn., and on Block Island.
After his return the church were evidently in accord with their former
pastor on those points which once divided them, they having adopted his
views, viz., that scriptural baptism was prerequisite to communion. He
died in Exeter, in 1777, after a ministry of forty years. He was a man of
pure character, superior abilities, happy address, and winning spirit."

Joseph Thaxter [III. 233] was the son of Deacon Joseph
Thaxter, and was born in Hingham, April 23, 1744. He was
graduated at Harvard College in 1768, after which he taught
school for some time in Hingham. When the Revolutionary War
broke out, in 1775, he was preaching as a candidate for the ministry
at Westford, but on the advance of the British towards Lexington
he mounted a horse and rode to Concord, armed with a brace of

352 History of Hingham.

pistols, and was present at the engagement at Concord Bridge.
He was afterwards appointed a chaplain in the army, attached to
Colonel Prescott's regiment, and was present at the Battle of
Bunker Hill. During the war he was elected a representative
to the General Court, but resigned to assume more active duties
in the army. After independence was acknowledged he settled
in the ministry at Edgartown, where he lived a long, uneventful,
and devoted life, dying July 18, 1827. He was present at the
laying of the corner stone of the Bunker Hill Monument, June 17,
1825, being at that time the only surviving chaplain of the Revo-
lutionary Army, and offered an impressive prayer on that occa-
sion, having then passed his eightieth year.

William Walton [III. 274] came to Hingham in 1635, and had
a grant of land in the first distribution of lots. He was educated
at Emanuel College, Cambridge, England, where he took his de-
grees in 1621 and 1625. He remained but a short time in Hing-
ham. " Mr. Walton " had a grant of land in Marblehead, Oct. 14,
1638. This was Rev. William Walton, who was then preaching
there. This is the first mention of his name in the records, and
it is probable that he began the work of his ministry there in that
year. Through his endeavors, with the assistance of others, a
meeting-house was erected, and regular Sunday services were
established.

Mr. Roads, in his " History and Traditions of Marblehead,"
says : —

" In October, 1668, William Walton, the faithful and zealous missionary,
died, after having served his Master and the poor people of Marblehead
for a period of thirty years. Coming to them as a missionary to preach
the gospel, he became, without ordination as a clergyman, a loving pastor,
a faithful friend, and a wise and prudent counsellor. His advice was sought
on all matters of public or private importance, and when obtained was
usually followed without question. That his loss was felt as a public be-
reavement by the entire community, there can be little doubt."

Henry Ware, Jr. [III. 277], the son of Rev. Henry Ware,
the fourth minister of the First Parish, was born in Hingham,
April 21, 1794. His early education was obtained partly at
home and partly in the public and private schools of his native
town. He fitted for college with Rev. Dr. Allyn, of Duxbury,
Mr. Ashur Ware, his cousin, Mr. Samuel Merrill, and finally at
Phillips Academy, Andover. He entered Harvard College in
1808 and was graduated in 1812. Immediately on leaving college
he became assistant-teacher in Phillips Academy, Exeter, which
position he occupied for two years, studying theology at the same
time. His theological studies were completed in Cambridge.
He received a certificate of approbation as a preacher July 31,
1815. He was ordained and installed as pastor of the Second
Church in Boston, Jan. 1, 1817, the ordination sermon being
preached by his father. His health became somewhat impaired

Native Ministers. 353

in 1828, and he was desirous of being relieved from the arduous
labors demanded by a pastoral charge. At the same time a pro-
fessorship in the Divinity School at Cambridge was offered him,
and he resigned his pastorate. His parish refused to accept his
resignation, but proposed that he should retain his pastoral con-
nection with the assistance of Mr. Ralph Waldo Emerson as a
colleague, who was ordained March 11, 1829. Mr. Ware had by
this time accepted the professorship at Cambridge, but before
entering upon his duties he made an extended visit to Europe,
hoping for an improvement in health and strength. He returned
home in August, 1830, and again requested his dismissal from his
parish, which was granted, and he soon afterwards entered upon
the duties of the professorship of Pulpit Eloquence and the Pas-
toral Care, in the Divinity School, at Cambridge. He received
the degree of S.T.D. from Harvard University in 1834. Dr. Ware's
health was so essentially impaired in 1841 that he found great
difficulty in performing his duties, and he resigned his professor-
ship early in 1842. During that year he removed to Framingham,
Mass., where he died Sept. 22, 1843.

Dr. Ware was a Unitarian. He was a voluminous writer and
author of numerous publications. His fame is too well known to
call for extended comment on his abilities as a scholar, writer, or
preacher.

William Ware [III. 277], son of Rev. Henry Ware, was born
in Hingham, Aug. 3, 1797. He was graduated at Harvard Col-
lege in 1816, and at the Harvard Divinity School in 1819. He
began preaching in 1820, his first public service being at
Northborough, Mass.. and for some time was engaged in preach-
ing in various places, principally in Brooklyn, Burlington, Vt.,
and the city of New York. He was ordained pastor of the First
Conareo-ational Church in the Citv of New York, which was the
first Unitarian Church established in that city, Dec. 18, 1821.
His labors in New York were very arduous, as there was no Uni-
tarian clergyman in the city or in the immediate neighborhood
from whom he could receive assistance. In June, 1837, he re-
moved to Waltham, Mass., having accepted an invitation from the
Second Congregational Church in that place to supply their pulpit.
Here he continued until April, 1838, when the church was united
with the elder church in that place. Mr. Ware then removed to
Jamaica Plain, and about the same time became proprietor and
editor of the " Christian Examiner," which remained in his hands
until 1844. In January, 1844, he terminated his connection with
the " Christian Examiner " and accepted an invitation to become
the pastor of the Unitarian Church in West Cambridge. He was
soon after taken ill and resigned in July, 1845. In November,
1845, he removed to Cambridge, and after this, his health having
improved considerably, in 1847 he engaged in the ministry at
large, in Boston, and continued in this employment for about
a year. In 1848 he went to Europe, where he remained more

vol. i. — 23*

354 History of Hingham.

than a year, principally in Italy, and on his return he delivered a
course of lectures on European Travel. He published under the
title of " Zenobia, or the Fall of Palmyra," vivid representations
of ancient life and manners, which had previously appeared in
magazines as " Letters from Palmyra." He also wrote and pub-
lished many other works.

He died in Cambridge, Feb. 19, 1852. As a preacher he was
somewhat dry and lacking in oratorical effect, and distrustful of
his own powers, so that he was sometimes thought to be distant
and reserved, but his writings show a force and ability very far
above the average.

Samuel Willard [III. 329] was the son of William and Cath-
erine (Wilder) Willard, and was born in Petersham, Mass., April
18, 1776. He was fitted for college principally by Rev. Nathaniel
Thayer, D.D., of Lancaster, Mass., and was graduated at Harvard
College in 1803. After leaving college he was a teacher in Phillips
(Exeter) Academy, and a tutor in Bowdoin College, preparing
himself for the ministry meanwhile. In 1805 he returned to
Cambridge to finish his theological studies. He was licensed to
preach by the Cambridge Association and preached his first ser-
mon in Deerfield, Mass., March 15, 1807. He was invited to
settle there and accepted. Aug. 12, 1807, was the day first ap-
pointed for his ordination, and a council assembled composed
principally of those entertaining the Calvinistic belief. It was
about the time when a separation of the Calvinistic churches from
the Arminian was taking place, and after a rigid examination in
a session of two days duration, the council refused to ordain Mr.
Willard. Another council was called, and he was ordained Sept.
23, 1807. " From that time Mr. Willard became a pioneer in the
cause of liberal Christianity." His ministry was faithful and
acceptable. He was a musician and the author of the " Deerfield
Collection of Sacred Music." In 1819 his sight became very much
impaired, and in September, 1829, he resigned his pastoral charge.
For the last forty years of his life he was blind. After the loss
of his sight, he accustomed himself to commit to memory the
Scriptures, his hymns, and other writings which were read to him,
and the amount of matter which he could accurately repeat was
prodigious. He was a member of the American Academy of
Arts and Sciences, and in 1826 the degree of S.T.D. was con-
ferred upon him by Harvard College. He was the founder of
Willard Academy in Hingham, of which mention is made in the
chapter on " Education " of this History.

Dr. Willard died in Deerfield, Oct. 8, 1859.

BURIAL-GROUNDS.

BY GEORGE LINCOLN.

INDIAN BURIALS.

There are several localities in Hingham where the rude imple-
ments of Indian warfare, of fishing and hunting, of husbandry,
and of household use have been unearthed, which were occupied
as burial-grounds by the aborigines prior to the settlement of the
town by Englishmen. These burial-places were principally near
the seashore. They have been found at Downer Landing, at Old
Planters' Hill, at the head of Weir River, and at or near Cuba
Dam or Little Harbor in Cohasset, which was originally a part of
Hinffham. From these localities have been taken at short dis-
tances below the surface of the earth stone hatchets, axes, gouges,
spear and arrow heads, sinkers, corn-crushers, pestles, copper
trinkets, pottery, etc., which in most instances were near human
bones ; and, although no record has come down to us relating
thereto, they indicate unmistakably where some of the Indians
who preceded the English, probably of the tribe of Wompatuck,
were buried.

BURIAL-GROUND OF THE EARLY SETTLERS.

The first spot of land in Hingham consecrated to burial pur-
poses by the emigrants from England was that which adjoined
the first meeting-house. It was situated on rising ground in front
of what is now the Derby Academy lot, and for fifty years or more
was the only burial-place for the inhabitants of the town. A nar-
row roadway skirted its northern and southern boundaries, while
on the east and west the ground sloped down in conformity to its
surroundings. Several stately trees beautified its westerly decliv-
ity, and a single tomb facing southward, used probably for winter
interments, is still remembered by persons who are now living.
Here, with few exceptions, most of the early settlers were buried.
If the monuments which were erected to their memory had been,
preserved, rough and unartistic as they were, they would have

35G History of Hingham.

served as a more forcible reminder of the noble men and women
who first settled here, and overcame the difficulties and hardships
which the early planters of the Colony were obliged to encounter,
than can any written record, however carefully preserved, which
is rarely seen or brought to the notice of the people.

Occasional interments were probably made in this ground after
the sale of burial-lots bad been commenced elsewhere ; but just
when they were discontinued is uncertain. Tradition says that
one of the Acadians (French Neutrals) was the last person buried
here. This would have occurred from 17G0 to 1763 : but Hinsr-
ham Records furnish nothing by which to verify this statement.

After the locality had been abandoned as a burial-place, several
buildings were erected on its northerly margin. One of these was
owned successively by Joseph Loring and Solomon Blake, and used
as a cooper's shop. Later it was rented for various purposes.
At one time it was the residence of John Murphy and his wife
Jane. Next west was the district schoolhouse : and beyond this
stood a shop, the easterly part of which was last occupied by
Thomas Loud for the manufacture of hats, and the westerly end
by Samuel Norton, Jr., a repairer of watches and silverware.

The hill was lowered to its present condition by a vote of the
town in 1831, and the remains which were unearthed at that time
were by the same vote reinterred in the Hingham Cemetery. The
shop of Messrs. Norton and Loud was taken to South Street, near
Magoon's Bridge, where it was rented to different tenants for
several years. It was afterwards removed again, and is now
occupied as a dwelling-house on Thayer Street.

The schoolhouse was taken to the west part of the town and
there used for some time as it had been. It has since undergone
another change, and at the present writing is located as a dwell-
ing-house on Thaxter Street.

Human remains were found in this locality, in front of the
estates of Caleb B. Marsh and John Siders, as late as 1877, when
the drain leading to Broad Bridge was constructed. They were
placed with those previously reburied.

BEECHWOOD CEMETERY.

In 1737 Aaron Pratt and Isaac Bates, " yeomen," both of Hing-
ham, second precinct, in consideration of X7, current money, . . .
conveyed to Jonathan Pratt, Israel Whitcomb, Stephen Stoddard,
Jr., Prince Joy, Ebenezer Kent, and Joshua Bates, Jr., all of
Hingham, ... a tract of land containing eighteen rods, . . .
situated " in front of our house lots where we now dwell in the
Township of Hingham," and bounded as follows : S. by the way
or road ; E. with the land of Isaac Bates ; N. partly with the land
of said Bates and partly with the land of Aaron Pratt ; and W
with said Pratt " as the same is now staked out." The deed of

Burial-grounds. 357

conveyance shows that each of these purchasers was to have and
hold a lot one half-rod in width by six rods in length " after the
following manner, that is to say : " Beginning W., the first lot to
Jonathan Pratt ; the second to Israel Whitconib, etc. Then fol-
low the usual conditions of a warranty deed. Acknowledged Dec.
5, 1737, before Benjamin Lincoln, Justice of the Peace.

The tract of land thus conveyed for burial purposes is the older
part of the present Beechwood Cemetery. Additions to this pur-
chase have been made at different times since, so that the grounds
now embrace about one and a half acres. It is situated on Beech-
wood and Doane streets, and is accessible from both streets.
Within the past fifteen years it has been greatly improved and
beautified in various ways. Two substantial iron entrance-gates
have been erected, upon which the name of the cemetery and
date of its incorporation (1874) are wrought, and its tablets and
monuments are creditable specimens of the sculptor's art.

Among the older and noticeable inscriptions in this ground are
the following : —

Jsrael Whitcom,

son of Mr

Jsrael & M:s

Hannah Whitcom,

who Died

March ye 29

J737- Aged

10 Weks.

Elizabeth Whitcom

Davghter of Mr

Jsrael & Ms

Hannah Whitcom

Died March ye 26

1737 Aged

3 years

Job Whitcom

son of Mr Jsrael

& Mrs Hannah Whitcom

Died March ye 27 1737

In ye 6th year

of his age

CATHOLIC CEMETERY.

The ground upon which this burial-place is located was pur-
chased of Mrs. Catherine Roche, widow of John A. Roche, March
3, 1877, by the Most Reverend John J. Williams, Archbishop of
Boston. Rev. Peter J. Leddy was at that time pastor of St. Paul's
Catholic Church in Hingham, and through him the land was se-
cured. It was consecrated the 13th of November following. The
lot contains about three acres, and is approached by an avenue
leading from Hcrsey Street. Situated as it is on high table

358 History of Hingham.

ground, it commands the most extensive as well as diversified
views of any of our local cemeteries. Its walks and paths are
conveniently arranged ; its memorials are tastefully conceived,
and the inscriptions thereon are noticeable for their explicit and
appropriate wording.

A large granite monument in the form of a cross is one of the
many features of attraction which meet the eye upon entering
this cemetery. It consists of a massive granite plinth, surmounted
with a well proportioned base ; this is succeeded by a die, above
which rises the cross-shaped shaft. The inscription on the die
reads as follows : —

vs&s* AN1MAE PER MISEWco*^ DEI

REQUTESCANT IN PACE.

Upon the larger monuments, many of which are quite attrac-
tive, are the surnames Burns, Carr, Casey, Corbett, Cronin, Crowe,
Daley, Fagan, Farrell, Fee, Foley, Halley, Hayes, Keating, Loden,
Moore, Quinn, and Tully.

Over the door of the receiving tomb are the figures " 1881."
What the future may reveal in the way of further improvements
in this hallowed ground cannot be known or prophesied. But if
the rapid strides and marked progress which have been made here
within the past ten years are any criterion to judge by, it will soon
rival in attractiveness many of the older burial-grounds.

CEDAR STREET CEMETERY.

On the old road leading from Hull Street to the present thor-
oughfare between Hingham and Cohasset is a small burying-
ground of perhaps a quarter of an acre in extent, in which lie
the remains of several families whose surnames are found among
the earlier settlers of Hingham. The spot has been occupied as
a place of interment for the fathers, mothers, and children of
those whose homes were in this vicinity for a century and a half
or more, and contains all that was mortal of many who were
pioneers of this locality. It is a sequestered spot yet easy of
access, and the surroundings are quiet and picturesque.

Several tombs, monuments, and tablets, of modern construction
have been erected upon the grounds within the last half-century,
but many of the more ancient headstones are rough, moss-cov-
ered, and unintelligible. The surnames most noticeable upon
these memorials are Beal, Freeman, Humphrey, Litchfield, Lo-
throp, Nichols, Phinney, and Stoddard. Among the older in-
scriptions are the following : —

Burial-grounds. 359

Here lies buried

ye Body of Mri Sybil

Beal, yc wife of Mr

Obadiah Beal. She

Died May 4, 1760.

Aged 25 years.

Here lye the

remains of Mrs Anna

Beal, wife of Cap1

Ebenezer Beal,

who Departed this

life Sept 5 (25?)

176S, in ye 35th

year of her age.

Here lies the

remains of Mr

Thomas Humprey

who Died Sept.

ro, 1770. Aged

83 years.

COHASSET CENTRAL CEMETERY.

This conveniently located burial-place, situated at the corner
of North Main Street and Joy Place, in Cohasset, did not include
more than half the ground it does now when the town was legally
known as the Second Precinct of Hinghara. The row of antique
tombs toward the street was then the front boundary line ; and
just below the knoll on the opposite side was the rear line. Be-
fore the middle of the present century the land lying between the
range of tombs and North Main Street, upon which had been a
small dwelling, with its adjoining garden, and a schoolhouse, was
added to the cemetery grounds. But even with this increase of
territory the demand for burial-lots was found to exceed the
supply. Accordingly an association was formed in May, 1867,
and on the 3d of September following a piece of land containing
one and three-eighths acres, adjoining the cemetery in the rear,
was purchased and added thereto, so that the area of the inclosed
ground at the present time is about four acres.

Concerning the early history of the original site but little can
be said, for it undoubtedly dates back to the commencement of
the last century, when the locality was settled by the sons of the
first planters in Hingham, and the burials as well as the transac-
tions of that period are nearly all involved in obscurity. As
seen from our modern standpoint, this early occupied ground looks
rough and untidy. Its tombs show evidences of neglect as well as
of decay, and many of its memorials are moss-covered and unin-
telligible. With a comparatively trifling expenditure of time and
money, however, this ancient landmark would be a source of

360 History of Hingham.

great attraction to many persons ; for much valuable information
lies partially concealed here, which is not accessible elsewhere.
Of the surnames more noticeable upon the older stones are Bates,
Beal, Kent, Lincoln, Nichols, Pratt, Tower, etc. ; the most ancient
of these having been erected to the memory of Sarah Pratt, wife
to Aaron Pratt, who died July 22, 1706, aged 42 years.

There also are two well preserved memorial stones in this old
ground which attract attention from an historical point of view.
They bear the following inscriptions : —

Mrs LYDIA HOBART

WIFE OF Ye REVIJ

NEIIEMIAH HOBART

OBIT FEBRUARY 12th

1 7 3 f ANNO

iETATIS 32.

Here Lyeth ye Body

of ye RevD mr

Nehemiah Hobart

firit paftor of ye

Church of Christ

in thif place died

May 31 an 1740

in ye 44 year of

his Age & 12th of

his paftorate.

The first addition, in which "old Corpy's" (Corporal Beal)
house previously referred to stood, has a front entrance on North
Main Street, which affords easy access to this portion of the
ground.

The later acquisition is approached from Joy Place. It has
the waters of Little Harbor near by, which are dotted with pic-
turesque island views, and the strong contrast between the new
and the more antique place of sepulchre is made especially no-
ticeable from its close connection with the latter. Its avenues and
walks are conveniently arranged ; the grounds and copings are
well kept; its monuments and memorials are of modern design,
and evince good taste in their selection. They are all of recent
construction, are finely executed, and pleasing to the eye. At its
organization in 1867 the following officers were chosen : George
Beal, Jr., President ; Edward Tower, Secretary ; Levi N. Bates,
Treasurer; Edward E. Tower, John Bates, Philander Bates,
Directors.

The officers chosen at the annual meeting of the proprietors in
1892 were: Charles A. Gross, President ; Newcomb B. Tower,
Secretary; Caleb Lothrop, Treasurer; Edward II Ellms, Philan-
der Bates, Directors. The President, Secretary, and Treasurer
are also Directors ex officiis.

Burial-grounds. ""1

FORT HILL CEMETERY.

The Fort Hill Cemetery, as it was used for more than a cen-
tury, consisted of less than a half-acre of ground lying on the
southeasterly side of the road leading from the westerly part of
Hingham to Weymouth. This small piece of land was probably
one of the many pieces not granted by the original proprietors,
and like many of these pieces was taken possession of and occu-
pied without the formality of a grant.

When the Proprietors gave their remaining undivided lands
to the town, in 1788, this burial-place passed to the town and
thus became one of the two public burial-places in the town. It
seems to have been used by a few families residing in the vicinity,
namely: Ward, Waterman, French, Beal, Lincoln, and a few
others. Most of these family names have now ceased to have
representatives in this locality.

The part of the highway now Fort Hill Street, bordering upon
this burial-place was discontinued and enclosed and became a
part of it, but from its rocky character it is of little benefit. On
this portion, and near the southeasterly line of the old road, three
tombs were erected about the year 1825, and since that time
others have been built. These now occupy nearly the whole
extent of the older portion of the road.

For many years few interments had been made in the old
ground and the few memorial stones had become displaced and
broken, as well as moss-grown ; and the stray cattle disputed
possession of such scanty herbage as struggled for growth amid
thorns and briers, while the old neglected ground was waiting
the advent of the spirit of some " Old Mortality " to redeem it
from waste and desecration.

This came at last, as so many excellent things do come, from
the devotion and labor of woman. The women of this vicinity,
who by organized effort and well-directed labor, had obtained
sufficient funds to warrant the beginning of a work of improve-
ment, caused a meeting of those interested in the burying-ground
to be called in November, 1851.

This meeting was well attended, and out of it came the organ-
ization of the Fort Hill Cemetery Corporation the same year.
This was immediately followed by the purchase of about three
acres of land in the rear and to the west of the old ground, the
laying out of the land into lots, the grading and sale of a portion
of the same, the fencing of the land, the planting of trees and
hedges and the general work pertaining to a well ordered ceme-
tery, and this has been continued to the present time.

In the meantime the ladies continued their well-directed efforts,
holding a fair each year for the sale of the products of their
labor, the results from which have been sufficient to meet the

362

History of Hingham.

quite large expenditures required. In 1884 they had paid into
the treasury of the corporation 14,482.67, 1286.67 of which was

appropriated for placing in the
" old ground " a granite monu-
ment commemorative of the
"Early Settlers of the West
part of Hingham." In addition
to the sum of $4,482.67, con-
tributed by the ladies, who are
now organized under the stat-
utes as " The Ladies Fort Hill
Sewing Circle in Hingham,"
they have given to the proprie-
tors of the cemetery $2,000, to
be held as a fund, the income of
which is to be devoted to the
care of the cemetery. In 1890
a chapel similar in form to the
one in the Hingham cemetery,
but of smaller size, was erected.
The contractor was J. F. Vinal
of Weymouth.

In 1866, the proprietors pur-
chased of the estate of David
Brown about one acre of land
the northwesterlv side of

i/»"j/v<: Co nos

on

EARLY SETTLERS' MONUMENT, FORT
HILL CEMETERY.

Fort Hill Street, for the mate-
rial to be used in filling and
grading lots ; the ledges under-
lying much of the cemetery ground requiring large filling to fit
the lots for burial purposes.

The town by vote have given the proprietors the care and man-
agement of the " Old Burying Ground," reserving therein a lot
for the burial of such as may have no one to provide for them ;
and the town also appropriated $75 towards building the fence
on the line of the cemetery and the schoolhouse lot.

Since the proprietors organized in 1851 they have sold one
hundred and forty lots.

The officers of the Fort Hill Cemetery Corporation since it
organized have been as follows : —

Presidents: David Stoddar, 1851-52; Marshall Lincoln, 1852-
54 ; Martin B. Stoddar, 1854-55 : Joseph A. Newhall, 1855-68 ;
William Lincoln, 1868-79; Henry L. Fletcher, 1879, and in
successive years following.

Secretary : Quincy Bicknell, Jr., 1851 to 1856 ; now Quincy
Bicknell, and annually re-elected to the present time.

Treasurers : Thomas W. Stoddar, 1851-81 ; Isaac W. Our,
1881, and to the present time.

Directors: Warren A. Hersey, 1851-52 ; Ezra Bicknell, 1851-

Burial-grounds. 363

55 ; Ebed S. Stoddar, 1852-54 ; Daniel Lincoln, 1854-55 ; Robert
W. Lincoln, 1855-59; Stephen Stowell, 1855-58; David Cain,
1858-59 ; Charles Spring, 1859-60 ; Stephen Stowell, 1859-63 ;
David Cain, 1860-67 ; Andrew J. Gardner, 1863-68 ; Ezra Bick-
nell, 1867-79 ; Henry Binney, 1868-72 ; Ebed S. Stoddar, 1872-
73; Andrew J. Gardner, 1873-81; Alphonso Cain, 1879, and
annually re-elected since ; Henry Binney, 1881-82 ; Lewis Stod-
dard, 1882-88 ; Eben W. Cain, 1888. The President, Secretary
and Treasurer are also Directors, ex officiis.

Superintendents : Ezra Bicknell, 1874-79 ; Andrew J. Gardner,
1879-81 ; Alphonso Cain, 1881, and annually since.

HIGH STREET CEMETERY.

This well kept and conveniently located burial-place for the
inhabitants of the south part of the town has been enlarged twice,
and within the past twenty years has been greatly improved and
beautified. But as is the case with all our ancient graveyards, its
early history is somewhat obscure. Tradition says that it was
originally used as a burial-place by Indians ; and in support of this
theory it is said that Indian remains, rolled up in blankets and
lying face downward, were exhumed here at the time of its
first general renovation. By others it is claimed that these
remains were in tarred blankets, — that they were of persons
who died of small-pox in flingham soon after the war of the
Revolution ; but as the Indians had neither blankets nor tar to use
before the locality was inhabited by Englishmen, the reliability
of the tradition is questioned.. In neither instance, however, do
these statements detract from the antiquity of this cemetery, for
there were families bearing the surnames Bacon, Chubbuck, Dun-
bar, Jacob, Russell, Tower, Whiton, Wilder, etc., residing here
several years before 1681, when the new meeting-house was
erected ; and without doubt these families found it more con-
venient to have a burial-ground in their locality than to put up
with the inconvenience of conveying their dead a distance of
three or four miles. The oldest stone in this yard from which
any information can be gained was designed and is inscribed as
follows : —

HERE LIETH

BURIED Ye BODY

OF JANE RUSSELL

WIFE TO GEORGE

RUSSELL AGED

AB™sht 83 YEars

DIED FEBRUARY

Y 23, 1688

364

History of Hingham.

ENTRANCE TO HIGH STREET CEMETERY.

Other inscriptions prior to 1700 are : —

HERE LYETH YE

BODY OF M™ MARY

IACOB Y" WIFE

OF CAPT IOHN IACOB

SHE DIED OCTr 2 1691.

HERE LYETH Ye

Body of Capt

JOHN JACOB

Aged About 63

Dyed September y* 19,

1693.

HERE LYETH

BURIED Y BODY

of GEORGE

RUSSELL

AGED 99 YEARS

Died ye 26th

of MAY

1694.

MARY IACOB Y

DAVGTER of IOSEPH

IACOB AGED

8 YE"8 6 M°

6 Dayes DYED

MARCH Y 22
169*.

HERE LYETH BVRIED

Ye BODY of SAMUEL

IACOB AGED NERE

24 YEARS DYED

OCTOBER y<= 29

1695.

RACHEL

CUSHING

AGED 2

YEARE

DIED SEPEM

yc 9. 1699.

MARY

CUSHING

AGED 9

YEARs DIED

AVGVST

ye 8 1699.

Burial-grounds. 365

From 1797 to 1855 this cemetery was controlled and supported
by the Parish, and, singular as it may now appear, the records
show that from 1806 to 1811, inclusive — certain income was re-
ceived from letting the same annually to the highest bidder for a
sheep and calf pasture. Land was purchased and annexed to the
original site in 1804, and again in 1866. In 1885 it was incorpo-
rated as the " High Street Cemetery Association." The present
officers of the association are as follows : President, Arthur R.
Whitcomb ; Secretary, Loring H. dishing ; Treasurer, Alonzo
Cushing ; Directors, Webster Hersey, Alfred Cushing, David
Cushing, 2d, William Cushing, and the President, Secretary, and
Treasurer, ex officiis ; Siqyerintendent, Christopher B. Hill.

The association has a trust fund for the care of lots, of which
Arthur R. Whitcomb is trustee. It is in a flourishing condition,
and additional improvements are contemplated in the near future.

HINGHAM CEMETERY.

The year in which the older part of this cemetery was first
used for burials is uncertain. It probably was not far from the
time the new meeting-house was erected, in 1681 ; as it had been
a custom in old Hingham, England, for several generations before
the early planters came here, to bury the dead in the grounds ad-
joining the church, or even antedating that period, when their
ancestors buried in the grounds around the old monastery which
stood where the famous old (St. Andrew) church, of Hingham,
England, which was rebuilt in 1316, does now. Some light, how-
ever, upon the question of the earlier burials in this cemetery
may be gained by the following conveyances : —

S. R. of D., Vol. 22, p. 172 (abstract) : John Coombs of Hing.
" Taylor " and Elizabeth his w., in consideration of £120, sell to Nathaniel
Hall of Hing. " Physician," home lot of ab. 6 acres situated near the
meeting-house with a dwelling-house, etc. thereon ; bounded on the high-
way or common land S. W. and W. and N. W. ; Samuel Thaxter on the
E. " and some of it towards the N. E. and part of the front of which
lveth towards the burying place." This conveyance was recorded in
1703.

II.

S. R. of D., Vol. 27, p. 79 (abstract) : Nathaniel Hall of Hing.
" Physician " and Anna his w., for £125, sell to Joshua Tucker of sd.
Hing., all that their home lot of 6 acres (as previously described and
bounded) "and part of the front lying towards the burying-place, and
southerly upon a square rode of land bounded upon the front fence by
the grave of Josiah Loring, deceased, and upon a square rode of land
bounded upon the front fence by the grave of Rachel Fearing and upon
the graves at the south corner of said land," etc. This deed was acknowl-
edged the 28th of March, 1713.

366

History of Hinghoym.

ENTRANCE TO HINGHAM CEMETERY.

III.

(Abstract.) In a deed dated at Hing. June 17, 1718, Joshua Tucker
(before-mentioned) conveys to sundry persons hereinafter named, for a
burying-place, lots of from one-half to one rod each, at the rate of 10s.
per square rod. The boundaries of the said burying-place are described as
follows : " towards the S. E. with the land of Samuel Thaxter as the
fence now standeth ; S. W. with the Common behind the meeting-house
as the fence now standeth ; and N. E. and N. W. with the residue of my
sd lot."

The persons to whom lots were
chased by each, were as follows : —

rod.

No. 1. To several persons No.

was granted by Doct.
Hall to bury their rel-
ations here.
2. Luke Lincoln ... 1
John Fearing ... 1

3.

4.
5.

Samuel Gill

6. Heirs of Josiah Lor-

mg

sold and the quantities pur-

rod.

7. Heirs of Ephraim

Lane, decd . . . . h

8. Joshua Hersey ... 1

9. Heirs of Samuel Ho-

bart, deca . . . . i

10. James Hearsey, Jun. . 1

11. David Lincoln ... 1

12. James Hearsey, Sen. . £

13. James Lincoln . . . ^

14. Ambrose Low ... 1

Burial-grounds.

367

No. 15. Josiah Lane .

" 16. Lieut. Thos. Andrews

" 17. Thomas Joy . .

" 18. John Langlee .

" 19. John Lewis .

" 20. Caleb Beal . .

" 21. John Beal, Jun.

" 22. Nehemiah Lincoln

rod.

1 No. 23. Isaac, and Jonathan

Lane

" 24. Heirs of John Mans-
field, decd . . .
" 25. Benjamin Lincoln . .
" 26. Heirs of Jacob Beal,
decd

rod.

1

>1

I

The six-acre lot of land mentioned in the foregoing deeds, was
originally granted to Thomas Gill, one of the early settlers of
this town.

During the last and the early part of the present century the
successive owners of this ground sold grave-lots to various in-
dividuals for what would now be considered a very trifling sum.
These sales were usually recorded in the private account-books of
the proprietors. They were made not only by Joshua Tucker,
but also by Elisha Leavitt, Colonel Nathan Rice, and other suc-
cessive owners, Thomas Loud being the last person who sold
grave-lots here in this way. As an illustration of the small com-
pensation received from these sales before the present century, I
copy from the day-book of Col. Rice the following : " Jan. 7,
1793. Rufus Lane, Dr. To half a rod of land for a burying-
ground, 8 shillings " ($1.33). It should be remembered in this
connection, however, that these grounds were in a rough, unkept
condition, without avenues, paths, or shrubbery, and that they
were frequently used as common pasturage for cattle, and also as
a playground by children who resided in the vicinity.

In 1832 an article appeared in the Hingham Gazette, suggesting
" that some measures be taken to render the north burial-grounds
more respectable in the eyes of strangers, more worthy of our
own character as citizens, and more creditable to the feelings of
respect entertained for those who have left the stage of human
action forever."

On the 9th of March, 1837, Adam W. Thaxter, of Boston, who
was a native of Hingham, purchased of Thomas Loud the bury-
ing-ground lot in the rear of the old meeting-house, and adjoining
the estate of Rev. Charles Brooks on the east. By act of the
Legislature the Hingham Cemetery was incorporated Feb. 28,
1838, and by gift of Mr. Thaxter, dated Jan. 1, 1839, his purchase
became the property of certain persons named in the act of in-
corporation, and of all who should afterwards purchase lots and
thereby become proprietors. Mr. Thaxter made a second gift to
the proprietors of a lot of land which he purchased May 21,
1838, of Jacob H. Loud. This adjoined a part of his first pur-
chase, and extended to the mill-pond. Nov. 15, 1848, he bought
of Atherton Tilden a tract of land which soon became the third
gift of Mr. Thaxter to the cemetery corporation.

368

History of Hingham.

TOMB OF REV. EBENEZER GAY, D.D.

Other additions were afterwards made as follows : The pro-
prietors bought of Jacob H. Loud, April 28, 1865, the orchard
and garden spot, extending to South Street, which had previously
belonged to his father, Thomas Loud. August 22, 1870, a lot in the
rear of the easterly part of the First Parish grounds and of the
estate of Mrs. Ezekiel Lincoln was presented to the proprietors
by Hon. Albert Fearing; and April 16, 1877, an additional tract
of land became the property of the corporation by the generous
gift of the sightly eminence overlooking the harbor from the heirs
of Isaac Hinckley, deceased. This extended to Water Street and
gave a third entrance, so that all parts of the ground are now
easily accessible from the public thoroughfares in this vicinity.

A liberal sum of money for the improvement of the cemetery
has been received from Fairs held in the years 1839, 1842, 1859,
and 1866. From these sources upwards of five thousand dollars
was raised, which, with the funds derived from the sale of burial-
lots, has been expended in terracing the hillsides, filling up hol-
lows, constructing avenues and paths, planting ornamental trees
and shrubs, and in many other ways beautifying this historic spot.

The grounds now comprise about seventeen acres. They are
agreeably diversified by hill and dale, and many elaborately-
wrought monuments and headstones of marble and granite add
to its various attractions. Here lie the remains of Rev. Peter
Hobart (reinterred from the first burial-ground), the first minister
of Hingham, and his successors, Revs. John Norton and Ebenezer
Gay ; also of Rev. Joseph Richardson and Rev. Calvin Lincoln.
Here also are the remains of Col. Samuel Thaxter, Col. Benjamin
Lincoln, and his son Maj.-Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, Gov. John A.

Burial-grounds.

369

HINGHAM CEMETERY CHAPEL.

Andrew, and many others who have been eminent in public as
well as in private life.

A beautiful gothic chapel, designed by J. Sumner Fowler, was
erected on North Avenue during the summer and autumn of 1886.
It is situated near the South Street entrance-gate, and is easily
approached from several directions. It has a spacious auditorium
in which to hold funeral services, convenient ante-rooms, and in
many other respects affords those indispensable accommodations
for a large and well-kept cemetery which are so much needed by
the public at the present time.

The oldest gravestone now standing in this ground was orig-
inally erected in the first graveyard to the memory of Thomas
Barnes, who had a grant of land here in 1637, and was the an-
cestor of all who have borne this surname in Hingham and vi-
cinity. It bears the following inscription : —

THOMAS BARNS
AGED 70 YEARES
DYED YE 29 DAY OF
NOUEMBER, 1672.

The next oldest headstone is that of Capt. John Thaxter, who,
while a boy, came to Hingham with his father, Thomas. It was
undoubtedly placed over the grave of Mr. Thaxter in the first
graveyard, and had been removed thence when that burying-
place was allowed to fall into decay. The inscription reads : —

Here lyes Buried

ye Body of Capt John

Thaxter. Aged 61 years,

Died March ye 14"?, 1686-7.

vol 1.

24*

370

History of Hingham.

The earliest headstone erected in this cemetery, although no
doubt there were other burials here previously, has upon it the

o ' Here Lies ye

Body of Ephraim
Marsh Aged 24

Years Died
Jan'y ye 2. 1708

Of the historic monuments of the present century are the sar-
cophagus bearing an inscription to the memory of Maj.-Gen. Ben-
jamin Lincoln, the monument
" To the First Settlers of Hing-
ham, Erected by the Town,
1839," the soldiers' and sailors'
monument, and the statue of
Governor Andrew.

Since the Act of Incorpora-

tion the officers of this ceme-
tery have been as follows : —

Presidents: Adam W. Thaxter,
1838-53; Solomon Lincoln, 1853-
55 ; John Bassett, 1855-70 ; Solo-
mon Lincoln, 1870-81 ; Henry C.
Harding, 1882.

Secretaries : Jairus Lincoln,
1838-44; Robert T. P. Fiske,
1844-66; Elijah L. Whiton,
1866-70; George Lincoln, 1870-
79; Charles B. W. Lane, 1879-
88 ; Charles A. Lane, 1888.

Treasurers : Up to 1870 the
office of Treasurer was held by the
Secretary ; since then it has been
separate duty. Elijah L. Whiton,
1870-81 ; Enos Loring, 1881.

Directors : Adam W. Thaxter,
1838-53 ; Jairus Lincoln, 1838-44 ;
Jotham Lincoln, 1838-41 ; Edward Thaxter, 1838-42 ; Solomon Lin-
coln, 1838-55; Robert T. P. Fiske, 1838-66; Rufus Lane, 1838-41 ;
Charles Lane, 1841-54; Royal Whiton, 1841-65 ; Charles W. Seymour,
1842-51 ; John Todd, 1844 — has been annually re-elected since; Bela
Whiton, 1851-70 ; Amos Bates, 1853-54 ; Joseph Sprague, 1854-55 ;
Rufus Lane, Jr., 1854-63 ; John Bassett, 1855-70 ; Elijah L. Whiton,
1855-81 ; George M. Soule, 1863-68 ; Enos Loring, 1865, and annually
re-elected since ; Isaac Barnes, 1866-70 ; Daniel Bassett, 1868-70 ; Solo-
mon Lincoln, 1870-81 ; George Lincoln, 1870-79 ; Samuel Easterbrook,
1870-83; Albert Fearing, 1871-75; David Whiton, 1875-77; John D.
Long, 1877 ; Joseph Sprague, 1882 ; Charles W. S. Seymour, 1883 ; John
C. Hollis, 1887 ; Henry Stephenson, 1887, died same year; Charles B.
Barnes, 1888.

Committee on Improvements : Jairus Lincoln, 1838-42 ; Rufus Lane,
1838-39; Robert T. P. Fiske, 1838-66; Solomon Lincoln, 1839-42;

FIRST SETTLERS MONUMENT,
HINGHAM CEMETERY.

Burial-grounds. 371

Royal Wliiton, 1842-53; Charles Lane, 1842-48; Charles W. Seymour,
1848-53; Bela Whiton, 1853-67; John Todd, 1853-67; Elijah L.
Whiton, 1855-67; Enos Loring, 1866-67.

In 1867 the Directors voted not to choose a Committee on Im-
provements, but in place thereof to create the office of Superin-
tendent, to which office John Todd was elected. Mr. Todd still
holds this position, having been re-elected annually since the date
■of its adoption.

HINGHAM CENTRE CEMETERY.

The older part of this centrally located, well-kept, and easily
approached cemetery was probably first occupied for burial pur-
poses as early as 1700. Its ancient memorials are numerous,
well preserved, and carefully arranged ; and they afford much
valuable information in the way of names and dates to the an-
tiquary and genealogist. In the absence of any record by which
to fix the precise time when burials were first made here, the in-
scription upon the oldest stone originally erected here (which
corresponds in date with that first erected in the Hingham Cem-
etery) will throw some light upon its early occupancy. The in-
scription reads thus : —

ERECTED

In Memory of

Hezekiah Leauitt

Who Died

April the 20th

1708 Aged 71

Years & 7

Months

There is, however, another stone in this inclosure of still
greater antiquity, which originally stood in the first burial-ground
where the early settlers were buried ; but which within the pres-
ent century was taken to Hingham Centre and re-erected in this
cemetery. It bears the following inscription : —

HERE LYES Y« BODY
OF MATHEW HAWKE
AGED 74 YEARS
DECD DECEMBER Ye

11th. 16S4.

Concerning the early history of this burial-place but little in-
formation can be obtained. It was undoubtedly rough, unfenced,
and almost uncared for until after the Revolution. But with the
establishment of our National Independence there seems to have
come a desire for improvement, and this was made manifest both
by individual and corporative acts.

From an authentic source dating back a century ago I copy the
following : —

372 History of Hingham.

" At a legal meeting of the Proprietors of the common and undivided
land in Hingham held on the first Monday in April 1788, it was

" Voted, That all the Proprietors ways and undivided land be given
up to the Town for their use and benefit forever on the following condi-
tions, viz : That a highway be laid out beginning at the northerly end of
the road leading from Tho? Cushing's house to extend North 27° west,
and 4 rods in width 'till it comes into the road leading from Great Plain.
Also that a road be laid out beginning at the northwest corner of the
road leading from Elisha Lane's shop, to extend north 49° west, 3 rods in
width 'till it comes into the aforesaid town road ; and that the land be-
tween the two roads aforesaid be reserved for a training field ; and that
the land to the eastward of the said ways be reserved for a burying-place ;
and that no building be erected upon the said training field, or burying-
ground ; that the town accept of the aforesaid roads, and all the Propri-
etors ways and repair them as other public roads [are] if necessary."

At a legal town meeting held on the first Monday in April,
1788, it was

" Voted, To accept of the Proprietors' ways, and of the Proprietors'
land, not before disposed of, which they at a meeting held this present
day made a grant to the town of Hingham."

Report of a committee made April 4, 1796 : —

"Whereas several persons have requested leave of the town to set up
a fence in front of the burying-ground on the Plain, the committee ap-
pointed to take their request into consideration have examined the ground
and report that the petitioners have leave to set up a fence beginning at
the southeasterly corner of Elijah Waters' land, and to run northerly in a
direct line until it strikes twelve feet westward of the monument of
Fearing's tomb; thence northwardly until it strikes the town gar-
den ; to make a proper gate to pass and repass to and from the town's
barn, with cart, etc. ; and that the town reserve the right to direct said
fence to be removed ; and that the said burying-ground to be laid com-
mon whenever they shall see 6t."

This report was amended, and then accepted. The amendment
reads thus : —

" The town shall be at the expense of fencing out a way to their barn,
or removing said barn from their land." [Signed] David Cushing, per
order.

At a town meeting held May 1st, 1820, it was

" Voted, That the people who occupy the burying-ground on the Plain
have leave to appoint a committee to regulate said burying-ground, and
that Hawkes Fearing, Esqr., be authorized and requested to notify a
meeting for the purpose."

May 12, 1848, the town, after several previous applications
which had been ineffectual : —

" Voted, To remove the two School Houses from the burial-ground on
lower plain to the adjoining land purchased of Samuel Waters."

Burial-grounds.

373

VIEW IN HINGHAM CENTRE CEMETERY.

An Act of Incorporation was granted to the proprietors, May
21, 1849, by the Legislature, and at the annual meeting, in May,
1850, the following officers were chosen, viz. : Luther Stephenson,
President ; Thomas Cushing, 2d, Secretary ; Martin Fearing,
John Leavitt, Robert Burr, David Whiton, and Hawkes Fearing,
Jr., Directors.

To enlarge and improve the grounds of this cemetery, pur-
chases have been made as follows : —

June 1, 1849. The President and Directors bought from the
estates of Robert Burr, Pyam C. Burr, and Justin Ripley, Jr.,
land to straighten the cemetery line.

June 2, 1849. The town sold to the President, Directors, and
Company of this cemetery a piece of land containing one acre
and twenty rods, bounded northerly on land of Robert Burr,
Pyam C. Burr, and Justin Ripley, Jr., easterly on Back [now
Spring] Street, southerly on land of the grantors occupied for
schoolhouses, and westerly on the old burying-ground.

The affairs of this cemetery are now in a very satisfactory con-
dition. It has a trust fund, contributed by sundry individuals,
the income of which is devoted to the care of their lots. The
grounds, which embrace about three acres, are agreeably diversi-
fied with a variety of trees and shrubs ; the avenues and paths
are conveniently arranged and in good order ; and many excel-
lent specimens of the sculptor's art, which beautify and add at-
tractiveness to the place, have recently been erected.

374

History of Hingham.

At the annual meeting in 1892, the following officers were
chosen, viz. : Ebed L. Ripley, President ; Joseph H. French,
Secretary and Treasurer; John K. Corthell, William Thomas,
Justin Ripley, William Fearing, 2d, and Hawkes Fearing, Direc-
tors ; William Thomas, Superintendent of Grounds.

JERUSALEM ROAD CEMETERY.

On the southeast side of Jerusalem Road, a short distance
from Hull Street, is a picturesque driveway leading to elevated
ground, on the left-hand side of which the old burial-place on
Jerusalem Road is located. It takes in a most charming ocean,
lake, and landscape view, and nearly all the summer residences
of this neighborhood are brought vividly into prominence, and
add greatly to the effect and beauty of the scene. The cemetery
of itself, however, receives but little care, and therefore presents,
but few attractions. It needs to be judiciously modernized and
embellished by a skilful hand to be in keeping with its sur-
roundings and with the spirit of the age. The part originally
used as a burial-ground was undoubtedly consecrated to this
purpose more than one hundred and fifty years ago, or soon
after the locality was settled and a mill erected. Its improve-
ment, therefore, should interest all who reside in this vicinity,
even if no higher motive be considered than to adorn, and beau-
tify, and preserve it for its antiquity, as well as for the hallowed
memories which cluster around it.

The inscriptions upon the older stones are as follows : —

HERE LIES THE BODY
of Mrs MARTHA HUDSON

Wife to Mr JOSEPH
HUDSON DIED NOV 13
1755 in the 58th
YEAR of HER AGE.

IN MEMORY OF

Mr ANDREW BEAL

he Died Janr>' ye 10

1762 Aged

77 Years.

IN MEMORY OF Mrs

MARY HUDSON

Wife of Mr Heze-

kiah Hudson

Who Died Dec

ember 5 1763

in ye 22d year

of Her Age.

IN MEMORY OF M"

RACHEL Widow of

Mr Andrew Beal. She

Died Nov ye 20th 1780

Aged 84 yrs.

IN MEMORY OF Mr5

DEBORAH Wife of

Mr ABEL BEAL She

Died June ye 15. 1788

In her 54th year.

Several years since, additional land adjoining the original
ground was purchased, thereby increasing its area to about two
acres. Its present proprietors were granted an Act of Incorpo-
ration as the Nantasket Cemetery Association, April 22, 1879.
The officers of this association are, Joseph Hicks, President ;
Walter S. Beal, Secretary.

Burial-grounds. 375

Further along on the right, or southeast side of Jerusalem
Road, near the little stream known as " Rattle Snake Run," is
a small, uncared-for burial-place, which probably belonged to
the Nichols family. It contains some ten or twelve ancient
gravestones which mark the last resting-place principally of the
children of parents who early settled in this locality. The old-
est stone bears the following inscription : —

HERE LYETH Y? BODY

of SOLOMON NICHOLS

Son of Mr ISRAEL

NICHOLS Who Dyed

March ye 2d in 1697

Aged 2 Years.

LIBERTY PLAIN CEMETERY.

On the 28th of February, 1755, David Garnett, in consideration
of XI 12s. conveyed to " Samuel Garnett, Samuel Dunbar, Samuel
Garnett, Jr., Enoch Whiton, Benjamin Garnett, Jr., Stephen
Garnett, Thomas Garnett, Solomon Loring, Jr., David Garnett,
Jr., Nathaniel Garnett, Samuel Wyton, Jr., Daniel Wyton, Jere-
miah Chubbuck, Nehemiah Sprague, Robert Dunbar, Hannah
Dunbar, and David Farrow, all of Hingham, in the County of
Suffolk, and Benjamin Dunbar, Hezekiah Stodder, Benjamin
Tower, John Corthell, and Jacob Whiton, of Scituate, in the
County of Plymouth, and Robert Corthell and Benjamin Whiting,
of Abington, one quarter acre of land in the Great Plain, so
called, now used and appropriated for a burying-place."

Although the foregoing conveyance was not made until 1755,
yet for sixteen years previously the land had been used for burial
purposes as will be seen by the following : —

" August the 29th 1739 Seth Cushings Dafter Deborah Died at 10
months old — and was the fust that was Buryed in the new Burying-
plafe wich was purched of Dauid Garnet by the pepell at the Sout End of
the town." — Extract from Samuel Garnet's Diary.

The original ground contained twenty-five lots, with a walk the
entire length on the north side. Within these lots lie the remains
of the earlier settlers of " ye Great Plain," so called ; and the
surnames Whiton, Garnett or Garnet, and Dunbar are the more
numerous ones upon the ancient gravestones. With but few ex-
ceptions, there were not many early residents of Liberty Plain
who reached their " three score years and ten," a large percentage
having passed away between the ages of forty-five and sixty, as is
shown by the inscriptions upon some of the ancient gravestones.

The oldest person buried in this cemetery was Mrs. Sarah Pratt.
The inscription upon her gravestone reads thus : —

376 History of Hingham.

HERE LIES BURIED Y*

BODY OF SARAH PRATT

WHO DIED OCT. 22nd

1761 IN Ye 101st YEAR

OF HER AGE LATELY

YE WIFE OF LIEUT JOHN

PRATT* BUT FORMERLY

YE WIFE OF Mr STEPHEN

GARNET BY HIM SHE HAD

A NUMEROUS POSTERITY

RUNNING TO Ye 5fh GEN

ERATION IN NUMBERS

187

Other ancient inscriptions here are as follows : —

HERE LIES Y« BODY

OF OBADIAH GROSS

WHO DIED FEB1"* Ye 28

1750 IN Ye 49lh YEAR

OF HIS AGE

HERE LYES THE BODY

of MR PETER DUNBAR

who DIED MARCH YE

16th 17 50/51

IN Ye 51st YEAR

of HIS AGE

In memory of

Mr Daniel Whiton

who died September

15th 1768 in ye 45th

Year of his age.

IN MEMORY

OF CAPT ENOCH

WHTTON who DEPARTED

THIS LIFE JUNE THE

21st 1778 IN ye

43rd YEAR

OF HIS

AGE

For a period of more than half a century the little burial-ground
was large enough for the requirements of this section of the town ;
and it was not until 1817-18 that additional land was needed or
secured. The loss of all records prior to this date renders it im-
possible, therefore, to furnish the names of persons who were con-
nected with its supervision or management.

In 1844 James Gardner, William Young, Samuel W. Loring,
and others, organized as a corporation, their first meeting being

* Lieut. John Pratt, of Weymouth, and Sarah Garnet were married Nov. 15, 1737,
he being at that time seventy-four years old ; and if the age given upon her grave-
stone at her decease is correct, Mrs. Garnet must have been seventy-seven years old at
the time of her marriage with Lieutenant Pratt.

Burial-grounds. 377

called by James S. Lewis, Esq., Justice of the Peace, and interest
was again revived in this ancient burial-ground.

The present " Liberty Plain Cemetery Association " was incor-
porated in 1866 ; since when there has been a steady and con-
tinued improvement each year in and around the cemetery.
Additional land has been obtained and tastefully laid out in
lots ; driveways and walks have been constructed, and the old
burying-place has put on a more cheerful and modern aspect.
The officers of the association are Seth Sprague, President and
Treasurer, and John C. Gardner, Secretary.

A few of the earlier residents of this village had, as was cus-
tomary in olden times, private tombs on their own premises ; but
there were none of earlier origin than the burying-ground. These
have all been removed, and the remains which they contained
were placed in the Liberty Plain and High Street cemeteries.

THE BIER AND HEARSE.

Prior to the year 1824, the dead were carried to the grave upon
a bier, the handles of which were placed on the shoulders of
the friends or neighbors who had been selected as " under-
bearers." Where the distance was great, two and sometimes
three sets of " bearers " officiated by turns for the purpose of
relieving those who first started with the body. Many of our
elderly people remember this method of burial.

Another singular feature in connection with the old-time in-
terments, as viewed from our modern standpoint, is, that up
to the present century it was customary to distribute gifts
among the relatives or near friends of the deceased at funerals,
such as handkerchiefs, gloves, neckwear, and even ornamental
trinkets ; also refreshments, including a bountiful supply of
liquors, the latter being freely furnished to all who entered the
house of mourning.

Before the Revolution the price of a coffin lined with cambric
and cotton, and having one stationary square of glass at the top,
was from 8 to 9 shillings. A winding sheet cost about 3s. or
3s. and \d. For tolling the bell, including a passing bell, two
shillings ; and for digging a grave, four shillings was the current
price.

A hearse was first used in Hingham at the burial of Miss
Martha Thaxter, who died the 6th of Sept. 1824. She was to
have been buried the 8th, but, owing to a slight disagreement
upon some minor point between the " bearers " and others, the
interment did not take place until the 9th, when a hearse was
borrowed for the occasion from Weymouth. Shortly after, a
meeting of the citizens residing within the limits of the North
Parish was held (Sept. 11 and 15) at the north male school-

378 History of Hingham.

house, at which a committee was appointed to procure a funeral
car and harness, at a cost not exceeding one hundred and seventy
dollars. A building was then erected near the present entrance
gate of the Hingham Cemetery, near the old meeting-house, in
- which the car, or hearse, was kept, until it was removed to Elm
Street.

The hearse with its equipments was owned by proprietors, and
there were about three hundred shareholders to the capital stock.
Single shares were placed at $1 each, and were transferable.
This hearse was completed Dec. 18, 1824, and was first used at
the burial of Mrs. Martha S., wife of Benjamin S. Williams. She
died the 21st of Dec, 1824.

After more than forty years of service the old hearse became
somewhat antiquated, as well as out of repair, and unsuited to
the solemnities of a funeral occasion. The committee, therefore,
who had charge of the same issued the following notice : —

At a meeting of the Proprietors of the " Funeral Car " in this town,,
held Wednesday evening, Jan. 25th, it was

Voted, To procure a new Funeral Car.

Voted, To assess old proprietors $1-.

Voted, That all persons who have paid Si- for the use of said Car may
become proprietors by notifying either of the Committee chosen for that
purpose and paying $1- within thirty days from the time of holding this,
meeting, to Henry Siders, Joseph Ripley, or Bela H. Whiton.

Voted, That new proprietors pay $2- per share.

Voted, That Henry Siders, Joseph Ripley and Bela H. Whiton, be a
Committee to procure a new Funeral Car, etc.

(Signed) John Todd, Clerk.
Hingham, Feb. 3, 1865.

The new "Car" was completed in April, 1865, at a cost
of about $300. It was first brought into use at the funeral
of Capt. Thomas Andrews, April 14, 1865 ; and five days
later (April 19, 1865), was drawn by four white horses in the
procession at the funeral solemnities of President Abraham
Lincoln.

Within the memory of many of our citizens the inhabitants of
South Hingham were dependent upon the hearse located at the
north part of the town for the means of transporting their dead
to a place of burial. This method of conveyance, with an occa-
sional use of the bier, was kept up until 1843, when a hearse was
purcbased, and the present hearse-house near the church was
erected in which to keep it.

In 1870 a new hearse, to replace the one first used, was pro-
cured, and, as in the case of its predecessor, was paid for by
subscription.

The proprietors at their last election chose the following of-
ficers, viz. : Elijah Shute, President ; William Gushing, Clerk ;
Charles Q. Cushing, Treasurer.

MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS.

BY FRANCIS H. LINCOLN.

COUNTY RELATIONS.

Hingham is in the County of Plymouth, but was never a part
of the Plymouth Colony. It was a part of the Colony of Massa-
chusetts Bay.

May 10, 1643, the Colony of Massachusetts Bay was divided
into four counties, namely, Essex, Middlesex, Suffolk, and Nor-
folk. The last was composed of the towns of Haverhill, Salisbury,
Hampton, Exeter, Dover, and Strawberry Bank (Portsmouth).
The four last-named towns having been " taken off " upon the
separation of New Hampshire from Massachusetts in 1680, the
others were set back to Essex Feb. 4, 1680, and the original
County of Norfolk ceased to exist. Hingham and Hull were in
Suffolk, — Cohasset being until 1770 a part of Hingham.

The County of Norfolk, as incorporated March 26, 1793, included
all the original territory of Suffolk except the towns of Boston and
Chelsea. Hingham, Hull, and Cohasset, therefore, were to be-
come a part of the new County of Norfolk, but before the new
county went into operation as such, the act establishing it was re-
pealed "so far as it respects the towns of Hingham and Hull,'*
June 20, 1793.

Hingham and Hull therefore remained in Suffolk until June
13, 1803, when they were set off from Suffolk and annexed to the
County of Plymouth.

POPULATION.

The following table shows the population of Hingham, accord-
ing to all the official censuses which have ever been taken : — -

1765. Colonial Census (includ- 1850. United States Census . 3980

ing Cohasset) 2467 1855. State Census .... 4257

1776.1 Colonial Census . . . 20S7 1860. United States Census . 4351

1790. United States Census . 2085 1865. State Census .... 4176

1800. " " • 2112 1870. United States Census . 4422

1810. " " • 2382 1875. State Census .... 4654

1820. " " 2857 1S80. United States Census . 4485

1830. " " • 3387 1885. State Census .... 4375

1840. " " • 3564 1890. United States Census . 4564

i 1776, Cohasset, 754.

380 History of Hingham.

ALMSHOUSES AND WORKHOUSES.

There were two classes of people whose condition affected the
general welfare, to which the colonists gave early consideration ;
and the same classes exist to-day as they always have and always
will in society. They comprise, in the words of the early laws and
the later statutes, those who are " poor and indigent and want
means to employ themselves," and those " who neglect and refuse
to exercise any lawful calling or business to support themselves."
In other words, society recognizes the justice of helping those who
would work but cannot, and of compelling those to work who can
but will not.

A colony law of 1639 gives authority to certain magistrates to
dispose of poor persons in " such towns as they shall judge to be
most fit for the maintenance and employment of such persons and
families for the ease of this country."

Further colony and province laws relating to the care of the
poor were passed in 1659, 1674, 1675, and 1720, and one in 1692,
providing for the compulsory employment of " idle persons and
loiterers."

In 1743 [17 George II. Ch. 2] there was passed " an Act for
•erecting work-houses for the reception and employment of the idle
and indigent." This was the first general law authorizing towns to
erect such houses, and it was essentially the same as the Massa-
chusetts Act of 1788, Chapter 30, which has been practically in
force to the present time, being modified from time to time as
advancing civilization required.

This is so well-known a department of our social system that it
is not necessary to recite the details of the laws relating to it.
It is sufficient to say that the common law of humanity prompts
all Christian people to lend a willing, helping hand to the help-
less, and the exact and inexorable law of justice demands that
every able-bodied member of the human race should perform his
part in maintaining and promoting general prosperity.

Until 1785 the poor of Hingham were boarded out in private
families at the town's expense.

In 1784, or early in 1785, " the House for the poor of the town "
was erected. The building, which is now private property, stands
on its original site, on the westerly side of Short Street, and the
account rendered by the committee, dated March 3, 1786, shows
that it cost, including the well, <£373 17s. 2d. Among the dis-
bursements in 1786 authorized by the selectmen is one of <£14
14s., paid to Joshua Loring " for Overseeing the Poor." He was
the first keeper of the Almshouse. The Selectmen's Records for
the annual town-meeting, March 6, 1786, show amounts paid to
John Cushing for carting goods to the workhouse, and to Charles

Miscellaneous Matters. 381

Cushing for wood for the workhouse. It seems probable that
this house was first occupied iu 1785.

The second house was a brick structure which stood on the tri-
angle of land bounded by Main, Pond, and Pleasant streets, and
was built in 1817. It was destroyed by fire Nov. 19, 1831. The
following account of the fire is from the Hingham Gazette : —

" Our village was alarmed on Saturday morning last, at about
one o'clock, by the cry of fire in the Almshouse. The fire had
advanced so far when discovered that the few individuals who
were on the spot, after an ineffectual attempt to extinguish it,
thought it most prudent to remove immediately all the inmates of
the house, the town paupers, records, furniture, etc., in which they
were successful. The engine companies were on the ground
promptly with their engines, but the progress of the flames was so
rapid that they could do nothing more than protect other property
which was exposed. Within two hours from the time they ar-
rived the building was consumed and its brick walls fell in. By
this calamity the town sustains a loss estimated from $4,000 to
$5,000, and at a season of the year when it will be impracticable
to repair the loss. The Overseers of the Poor have caused the
dwelling-house belonging to the town, on the Almshouse lot, to
be fitted up for the reception of a considerable portion of the poor,,
which, together with the accommodations hospitably tendered by
the overseers of some of the neighboring towns and the kindness
of friends, will enable them to place them all in a comfortable
situation during the winter."

Steps were taken by the town to supply the place of the Alms-
house thus destroyed, and at a town-meeting held Feb. 14, 1832,
a committee made a detailed report in relation to the site and
kind of a building proposed to be erected. This committee recom-
mended to the town " the purchase of a tract of land lying upon
Weymouth Back River, adjoining the Hingham and Quincy turn-
pike, containing about 43 acres, consisting of tillage, mowing,
pasture, woodland, and salt marsh, at an estimated cost of $2,000,
and the erection of a brick building 70 feet in length, three
stories in height (including the basement), with a projection in
front, and two brick partition-walls separating the centre from
the wings, at an estimated cost of $4,749.02." The report was
accepted and the recommendations adopted. The land was pur-
chased, since known as the " Town Farm," and contracts were
made for the building which was erected in 1832. It was the
same building which has since been in use as an almshouse and
workhouse.

The entire cost of the " Almshouse Establishment," according to
the published reports of the town, which include land, almshouse,
well, pump, yard to house, shed and other outbuildings, barn,
cholera-house, and cells, amounted to $10,839.94.

As these houses were established mainly in the interest of in-
dustry, it would be interesting to know how the inmates were

382 History of Hingham.

employed before the purchase of the farm. The farm gives those
inmates who are willing to work an opportunity to do so, and
compels those who are naturally idle to contribute something
towards their support. The products not consumed on the prem-
ises are sold, and the income thus produced decreases somewhat
the annual expense to the town. These houses were also retreats
for the insane, whose condition was greatly changed for the better
upon their removal to the Town Farm. Instead of being confined
as they had been, it was found that the policy of giving them
greater freedom operated favorably, and it proved in many cases
that a considerable amount of labor could be performed by
them.

A liberal sum has always been appropriated yearly by the town
for the support of the poor both in and out of the house, and it is
with pride that we point to the comparatively small amount of
actual poverty in the town.

TOWN HOUSE.

All the town-meetings were held in the Old Meeting-house from
January, 1681-2, to October, 1780. After that date, to accommo-
date the voters residing in the south part of the town, some of the
meetings were held in the meeting-house of the Second Parish.

March 13, 1827, the First Parish voted " that no more Town
meetings shall be held in the meeting-house of the First Parish,
from and after the last day of February next." After that date
meetings were held in the hall of the Derby Academy, or in the
meeting-house of the Second Parish until the erection of a Town
House.

May 7, 1844, a contract was made by a building committee, ap-
pointed by the town, with Samuel G. Bayley, in which Mr. Bayley
agreed that he would " on or before the first day of November
next, erect, build, and complete, on a lot of land situated on Main
Street, in said Hingham, being the premises purchased by the said
Inhabitants of the Town of Hingham, for that purpose, of John
Loring, a Town Hall " for the sum of $3,400. It stood on Main
Street, opposite the present site of the Evangelical Congregational
Church.

The building was never very satisfactory and finally proved to
be inadequate for the needs of the town. In 1872 the town took
a lease of the parts of Agricultural Hall which had been pre-
pared for its use, for fifteen years from Oct. 1, 1872, at an
annual rent of $700. The lease was renewed for fifteen years
from Oct. 1, 1887, at an annual rent of $750, — the Agricultural
Society having constructed a fire-proof brick vault for the purpose
of preserving the papers and documents of the town, and granting
a more general use of the building than under the former lease.

Miscellaneous Matters. 383

ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATIONS.

The 200th anniversary of the settlement of the town was cele-
brated Sept. 28, 1835, with fitting ceremonies. The day was
ushered in with the ringing of bells, and at an early hour the
gathering commenced from various parts of the town. There was
a procession escorted by the Hingham Rifle Company, Capt. Cor-
bett, and the Washington Guards, Capt. Cazneau. Among the
distinguished guests were Lieut.-Governor Armstrong, Hon. John
Quincy Adams, and Col. Robert C. Winthrop.

In the forenoon there were exercises in the Old Meeting-house,
including an address by Hon. Solomon Lincoln. In the afternoon
there was a dinner in a pavilion erected for the occasion near
the Old Colony House, at which Hon. Ebenezer Gay presided, fol-
lowed by addresses from the Lieutenant-Governor, Hon. Peleg
Sprague, Mr. Adams, and others. There was also a ladies' col-
lation in Willard Hall. The celebration was in all respects
satisfactory, and highly honorable to the town.

In like manner the 250th anniversary of the settlement of the
town was celebrated Sept. 15, 1885. There was ringing of the
bells, a national salute of thirty-eight guns, a procession, exercises
in the Old Meeting-house, with an address by Mr. Solomon Lin-
coln, son of the former orator, a dinner in Agricultural Hall, and
illuminations. Governor Robinson, escorted by the First Corps
of Cadets, M. V. M., commanded by Lieut -Col. Edmands, was the
chief guest. Hon. John D. Long was president of the day, and
there were many interesting addresses at the dinner.

A full account of each of these celebrations is in print, and both
occasions were marked by general rejoicing and festivity through-
out the town.

POST OFFICES.

The records of the Post Office Department at Washington give
the following : —

OFFICE. POSTMASTER. DATE OF APPOINTMENT.

Hingham, Mass. . . . Levi Lincoln ... .... Apr. 1, 1795

Thomas Thaxter ..'.... Apr. 1, 1797

Elisha Cushing Feb. 13, 1809

Thomas Loud Sept. 15, 1815

John Kingman Mar. 2, 1839

Rufus W. Lincoln May 11, 1842

Charles B. W. Lane Feb. 19, 1853

Hosea J. Gardner Jan. 7, 1854

Charles Siders Feb. 24, 1857

Abigail W. Gardner Mar. 15, 1858

Edwin Wilder, 2d Oct. 29, 1863

George M. Hudson Oct. 13, 1866

Edwin Wilder, 2d (reappointed) . May 27, 1868

384 History of Hingham.

OFFICE. POSTMASTER. DATE OF APPOINTMENT.

Hingham, Mass. . . . Edwin Wilder (reappointed) . . June 29, 1883

George Cushing Feb. 28, 1888

South Hingham . . . Quincy Lane Mar. 28, 1833

Seth S. Hersey Aug. 25, 1849

Ezekiel Fearing Aug. 27, 1853

Ebenezer C. Fearing Oct. 28, 1853

Edmund French June 6, 1854

Andrew Cushing Jan. 25, 1855

Josiah Lane June 18, 18G7

Alonzo Cushing Jan. 17, 1872

William Cushing June 29, 1881

Hingham Centre . . . Henry Siders July 15, 1869

Daniel Wing Dec. 21, 1874

Hawkes Fearing Dec. 28, 1875

Peter N. Sprague Mar. 22, 1880

Seth Sprague, 2d Nov. 20, 1888

West Hingham . . . Bela F. Lincoln June 25, 1881

The above list was furnished, in March, 1890, by Mr. Marshall
Cushing [II. 180], private secretary to Postmaster-General
Wanamaker. Of the above-named, George M. Hudson, Ezekiel
Fearing, and Ebenezer C. Fearing do not appear to have qualified
themselves to act.

The Hingham post-office has always been kept within a stone's
throw of Broad Bridge.

Thomas Thaxter kept it in Loring's Building, on the westerly
side of Main Street, at Broad Bridge, where the Federalists used to
assemble and discuss the affairs of the town. Elisha Cushing
kept it in the building which formerly stood on the southeasterly
corner of Main and South streets.

Thomas Loud kept it in his hatter's-shop on the hill in front
of the Academy until the hill was removed, after which he kept it
in Loring's Building. Here it was kept also by John Kingman
and Rufus W. Lincoln until the latter removed it to the central
part of Ford's Building, across Thaxter's Bridge. In 1853 Charles
B. W. Lane removed it to his store at the junction of North and
South streets, which is now the Isaac Little Hose house.

Hosea J. Gardner moved it to the building at the northeasterly
corner of Main and South streets. Here it was kept for a time by
Mr. Gardner, Mr. Siders, and Miss Gardner, and then removed to
South Street in the new Lincoln Building, nearly on the same site
as that occupied by previous postmasters in the Loring Building.
It remained continuously in the Lincoln Building until George
Cushing's appointment, when he removed it to the building on the
northwest side of South Street, just east of Main Street.

The South Hingham post-office was first kept by Quincy Lane
in his store on the east side of Main Street. Seth S. Hersey
moved it farther north to the building next to his dwelling-house.
Edmund French kept it near the present residence of Charles W.
Cushing. Andrew Cushing kept it in the southerly end of his
house. Josiah Lane moved it to his store, which was its original

Miscellaneous Matters. 385

location under Quincy Lane, and it has been kept in that place
ever since.

The Hingham Centre post-office was kept in the Public Library
Building until the appointment of Capt. Peter N. Sprague when it
was removed to the building at the junction of Main and School
streets, where it has since remained.

The West Hingham post-office has been from its establishment
in the West Hingham railroad station.

CUSTOM-HOUSE.

In 1831 Hingham became " a port of delivery in the District
of Boston and Charlestown," with a deputy-collector. From the
official correspondence on file at the Boston Custom-House it
seems evident that the port was established Feb. 23, 1831, and
continued to be such for forty-five years. For many years the
records of the office give evidence of quite an amount of commerce
here, but gradually the vessels diminished in number until at last
there was little left for the deputy to do, and the office was
abolished.

The following is a list of the deputy-collectors of Hingham : —

John Lane appointed Feb. 23, 1S31.

Jedediah Lincoln " Feb. 28, 1835.

Henry Thaxter " April 1, 1839.

Edward Cazneau " May 8, 1846.

John K. Corbett " May 4, 1849.

Henry C. Wilder « June 21, 1853.

Isaac Wiuslow " Sept. 16, 1861.

Office abolished Aug. 31, 1876.

From May 26, 1840, John K. Corbett appears to have acted,
during the administration of Henry Thaxter, in granting licenses
or enrolment, probably as inspector, and at other times inspectors
have signed the record for the deputy.

HINGHAM AND QUINCY BRIDGE AND TURNPIKE

CORPORATION.

The Act of Incorporation was dated March 5, 1808. The bridges
and turnpike were built and completed, as appears by a report of
the committee provided by the Act of 1808, and by them duly
accepted Nov. 19, 1812, but they had been used for public travel
before that date. The first meeting of the proprietors for the
purpose of organization was held in Quincy, Feb. 3, 1812. The
final meeting was held in Hingham, July 15, 1863. The Act
dissolving the corporation was passed April 30, 1862, and the
bridges were made free July 4, 1864.

VOL. I. — °.0*

386

History of Hingham.

The amount of orders drawn on the Treasurer for expen-
ditures in building the bridges, etc., as reported Jau. 18, 1813,

was .... .' 822,798.98

Allowances to directors, treasurer, and clerk . . . 972.83

$23,771.81
There were additional expenditures and subsequent assessments
to pay the cost of the bridges, and expenses of various petitioners
for the Act of Incorporation.

The amount received from the counties of Norfolk and Plymouth
on the final dissolution of the corporation, including the expenses
of commissioners, was $17,810.15. Lemuel Brackett, of Quincy,
was clerk of the corporation from 1813 until his resignation in
1855, when his son Jeffrey R. Brackett, was chosen and re-elected
during the remainder of the existence of the corporation. Martin
Fearing, of Hingham, was president of the directors from 1820
until the corporation ceased to exist. Thomas Cushing was toll-
gatherer from 1818 until 1862, and was retained by the selectmen
having the care of the bridges afterwards.

A history of the Corporation was published in the Quincy Pa-
triot of Feb. 27, 1864, and there was an account of a celebration,
on the bridges becoming free, published in the Quincy Patriot of
July 9, 1864.

TOWN SEAL.

Adopted March 8, 1886.

INDEX TO HISTORY.

VOLUME I.

PAKTS I. AND II.

INDEX TO VOLUME I.

Parts I. and II.

* Clergymen, t Physicians, 1 Lawyers. § Authors.

Abercromby. Lack of discipline in the
Army of General, i. 265 ; other refer-
ence to, 257.

Abington Company at the defence of
Grape Island, i. 288, 289.

Abington, oration delivered at the one
hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the
incorporation of, ii. 203.

Abraham's Well, i. 172.

Academies, the Derby and Willard, ii.
115-143.

Academy building, action taken towards
the erection of the Derby, ii. 133, 134.

Academy of Arts and Sciences, an early
member of the, i. 305.

Acadians (French Neutrals), their surren-
der and expatriation, families of, quar-
tered in Hingham, and burials of, i. 255,
256, 257; ii. 356.

Accord Pond and its surroundings, i. 185;
a preliminary survey gave ample proof
of its capacity to supply the wants of
the inhabitants of Hingham, ii. 263 ;
other references to the pond, 265.

Ackerman, Jonathan B., i. 356.

Acres of mowing, pasture and tillage land
in Hingham, ii. 183.

Action of the town in 1768 and 1773, a
committee appointed with instructions,
i. 271-273. See also i. 275-326.

Act of the Legislature authorizing the
town of Hingham to take and hold the
waters of Accord Pond and the waters
that flow into it, ii. 264 ; repeated re-
fusal of the Town to accept the Act,
265 (5).
Act of the Legislature incorporating the

Hingham Public Library, ii. 153.
Act of the Legislature incorporating the
Third Congregational (Unitarian) So-
ciety in Hingham, ii. 49.
Act of the Legislature to incorporate the
Proprietors of the First Universalist
Meeting-house in Hingham, ii. 65.
Acts and resolves of the General Court
relating to the petitions of the Trustees
of the Derby School and Academy, ii.
131-133.

Acts of the Legislature incorporating the
Hingham and Quincy Bridge and Turn-
pike corporation, ii. 385; the Hing-
ham Mutual Fire Insurance Company,
271.

Adams, Amos, i. 324.

Adams, George M., i. 341, 353.

Adams, John G., * § ii. 193.

Adams, quotation from a writing of Mrs.
John, i. 289.

Additions and alterations in the Derby
Academy building, ii. 134.

Addresses, i. 338, 342 ; ii. 194 (9), 195 (8),
196 (4), 198, 201, 211 (2), 214, 215 (6),
216 (7), 218, 221 (2), 222 (3), 223, 225
(3), 226, 228, 233, 278, 336 (10).

Address upon the Co-operative System,
and its advantage to borrowers, ii. 278.

Admirals Boscawen and Rodney, i. 264,
335.

Adverse sentiments expressed at several
town meetings concerning the introduc-
tion of Accord Pond water, ii. 264.

A farmer's letters to the people, ii. 213,
214.

Agreements of Aug. 17, 1774, adopted by
the town, encouragement to be given
home industries, i. 274.

Agricultural life, contrast between the
past and present of an, ii. 191, 192.

Agricultural societies, first one in Hing-
ham, date of its formation and discon-
tinuance, list of its first members,
officers chosen, record of one of its
meetings, etc., ii. 187, 188.

Agriculture, ii. 181-192.

Agriculture of Massachusetts, reports on
the, ii. 202.

Aid granted by the town to the families
of volunteers in the Civil War, i. 349,
350, 355, 367, 362.

Aid, Society of Mutual, ii. 304, 305.

Aims and purposes of the Hingham Mu-
tual Fire Society, ii. 305, 306.

Alarm in Hingham and neighboring towns
caused by the approacli of an armed
force from Boston, i. 288.

Albany, our soldiers arrive at, i. 283.

390

Index to History.

Alger, Charles F., i. 346.

A list of the Company of Train belonging

to Hingham (Apr. 19, 1775), i. 279."
Allen, Bozoane, Lieut., Capt., i. 217, 218,

ii. 5, 6.
Allen, Edwin, i. 366.
Allen, Jonathan, i. 299.
Allen, Nathaniel Coit, Lieut., Capt., i. 312,

327
Allen, William H., i. 3G1.
Alline, William H., Capt., i. 374.
Allston, Washington, the works and

genius of, ii. 230.
Almshouse destroyed by fire, ii- 381.
Almshouses and Workhouses, i. 181, 190,

194 ; ii. 380, 381, 382.
Altar at Home, ii. 217.
Ambushed by the enemy, Capt. Hodges
and fifty men of Gridley's command, i.
259.
American Antiquarian Society, members

of the, ii. 335, 337.
American Independence, orations in com-
memoration of, ii. 207, 216; on the
anniversary of, 220.
American Reader, The, ii. 220.
Amerigo Vespucci, a chapter on, ii. 207.
Amherst, references to General, i. 264,

268.
Ammunition, the town stock of, and where

stored, i. 250, 251.
Analysis of the water of Accord Pond,

ii. 263.
Anchor Tavern, i. 197, 320.
Ancient and Honorable Artillery Com-
pany, commander and members of the ;
also discourses and sermons delivered
before the, i. 219, 305 ; ii. 44, 202, 203,
204,211, 223.
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Old

Colony Lodge of, ii. 289-293.
Ancient Landmarks, i. 157-200.
Anderson, Ephraim, i. 353, 36L
Amlerson, Johnson, i. 262.
Anderson, Louis, i. 366.
Anderson, recollections of Jotham, ii. 228.
Andre', capture of, i. 301.
Andrew, references to the life, and quota-
tions from the literary work of Gover-
nor John A, i § i. 341, 368; ii. 194, 195,
196 (10), 197 (13), 327.
Andrew, John F., J ii. 328.
Andrews, Benjamin, Lieut., i. 331.
Andrews, David, i. 291, 298, 315.
Andrews, Ephraim, Quartermaster, i. 332.
Andrews, Joseph, Lieut., mortally wound-
ed at Brandywine, i. 314, 327.
Andrews, Joseph, Jr., i. 286.
Andrews, memoir of Joseph (engraver),
also remarks on the life of, ii. 212, 230.
Andrews, or Sassafras, Island, i. 175.
Andrews Tavern, i. 180.
Andrews, Thomas, acting master U. S. N.,

i. 364, 368.
Andrews, Thomas, Capt., i. 248, 249.
Andrews, Thomas, Lieut., i. 332.

Andros, arrest of Gov. Edmund, i. 248.
Anecdotes of Parson Barnes, Parson

Brown, and Parson Gay, ii. 27, 28, 39.
Anecdote relating to one of the early dis-
ciples of the Baptist Church, ii. 58.
Animal Life, notes on, i. 79-86.
Anniversary Celebrations, ii. 36, 222, 293,

299, 336, 383 (2).
Annual lecture sermons before the schol-
ars of the Derby School and Academy,
ii. 130, 137, 138, 142.
Anthracite Coal, introduction into Hing-
ham of, ii. 52, 53.
Antique articles; an exhibition of, ii. 234.
Anti-Supernaturalism in the Pulpit, ii.

199.
Appearance of the country when first set-
tled, quotations from eminent authori-
ties concerning the, ii. 181.
Appleton, reference to Rev. Dr., ii. 25.
Architects and builder of the two public

libraries in Hingham, ii. 154.
Area of Hingham. See Geology, i. 1-5.
Armand's Artillery Legion, i. 315.
Army Officers, Hingham men in the Civil

War who served as, i. 367, 368.
Arnold, John, i. 238.

Art Gallery of the Hingham Public Li-
brary, ii. 154.
Art of speaking as set forth in a preamble
of the club of Generous Undertakers,
ii. 298.
Articles exchanged during the first cen-
tury owing to the smnll amount of
money in circulation, ii. 184.
Artillerv, Col. Crafts', i. 313 ; Col. Crane's,
314, 327; Gazee's Rhode Island, 323;
the train of, 270 ; the 5th U. S., 366.
Artillery Company, the Hingham, i. 333.
Assets of the Hingham Co operative Bank,

ii. 279.
Assumed Authority, a review, ii. 199.
Atkins, Alexander (Boston), i. 320.
Attendance of Scholars at the Derby

Academy, early, ii. 137.
Attorney-General of the United States,

ii. 333.
Austin's Lane, i. 197-198.
Authors. See Publications, ii. 193-240.
Axe, hatchet, and edge-tool manufac-
tories, ii. 159, 160.

Bachelor's Rowe, ? . -,c.q

Bachelor Street, f

Badger, Catherine, § ii. 197.

Badlam, Ezra, Capt., i. 289.

Bailey, Charles O, i. 354.

Bailey, Charles H , i. 351.

Bailey, Continental Regiment of Colonel,

i. 326.
Bailey, Edward, i. 292.
Bailey, George, killed at Petersburg, i

358.
Bailey, John W., i. 354.
Bailey, Loring, i. 293.
Bailey, Orietes L., i. 360.

Index to History.

391

Bait mills, manufacture of, ii. 173.

Baker, Calvin K., i. 0(56.

Baker, James Boring, § ii. 198.

Baker, John, i. 366.

Baker, Nathaniel, i. 229, 237.

Baker's Hill, l. 181.

Balances and scales made in Hingham,

ii. 160.
Ballentine, James, killed at Weldon Rail-
road, i. 363.
Ball, Harvey,* ii. 59.
Bands, the Hingham, and National Brass,

and South Hingham Cornet, ii. 300, 301.
Bangs, Nathaniel, i. 207.
Bangs, Thomas, i. 282, 284.
Bank Commissioner, ii. 335.
Bank Officers, ii. 273-278, 335.
Baptist Church, Hingham, Declaration

and Covenant of the, ii. 232.
Baptist Society, founders of the, ii. 57 ;

other references to the, 57-61.
Barber, Zacheus, i. 208.
Bard well, Company of Capt. Jonathan,

i. 290.
Bare Cove, i. 174 ; the name of, changed

to Hingham, 201.
Bare Hill, i. 169.
Bare Swamp, i. 182.
Barker, Daniel, i. 287.
Barker, Francis, Jr., Capt., i. 270.
Barker, John, Capt., Major, Lieut.-Col.,

General, i. 331, 333.
Barker, Joshua, t ii- 308.
Barker, Joshua, Lieut., Capt., i. 252, 287.
Barker's shipyard, i. 175.
Barker, Thomas, i. 203.
Barnes, Abel, i. 282, 308.
Barnes, Albert F., i. 362.
Barnes, anecdotes of Parson (Rev. Da-
vid, D.D.), *§ ii. 28, 198.
Barnes, Augustus, Capt.'s Clerk, U. S.N.,

i. 305.
Barnes, Benjamin, Jr., i. 277, 287, 297,

299,311, 320.
Barnes, Canterbury, i. 311, 318,
Barnes, Cornelius, i. 293, 323 ; Jr., 292.
Barnes, Edwin, U. S. N., i. 365.
Barnes, Ensign, i. 292, 293.
Barnes, Hosea O., killed at Jones's Farm,

i. 356.
Barnes, John, Jr., i. 287, 297.
Barnes, Joseph H., Capt., Lieut-Colonel,

Br't Brigadier-General, i. 346, 307.
Barnes, Luther J., Paymaster, i. 337. See

also ii. 172, 274.
Barnes, Thomas T., i. 357.
Barnes, William, Lieut., i. 363, 367.
Barnes, William T., i. 343.
Barnes's Island, i. 171.
Barnes's Rocks, i. 173.
Barn Hill, i. 167.
Barnstable, sermon by Rev. Ebenezer

Gay preached at, ii. 204.
Baron Dieskau's attack, i. 255.
Barracks and Guardhouse erected in

Hingham, i. 285.

Barr, Edwin, i 358.

Barrel-coopering, ii. 173.

Barrel Bock, i. 158.

Barrows, Company of Capt. William, i.
269.

Bars, Josh Leavitts, i. 191.

Barson's Beach, i. 158.

Barstow, Joseph, i. 806.

Bartol, the writings of Dr., " Grains of
Gold," ii. 217.

Basasobel, Maxitinde (Boston), i. 320.

Base Ball Club, ii. 306.

Bassett, Charles H., i. 341.

Bassett, Daniel, i. 332; ii. 170, 274, 277.

Bassett, Joseph, i. 286 ; ii. 169.

Bassett's Hall, occupied for Church ser-
vices, ii. 72.

Bass, Jonathan, Cornet, i. 270.

Bass, Moses, i. 293.

Bass Point, i. 171.

Batchelder, John B., Artificer, i. 356.

Bates, Abner, i. 265, 286, 287, 298 (2).

Bates, Adna, i. 283, 301.

Bates, Ambrose, i. 298, 311, 317.

Bates, Benjamin, i. 237.

Bates, Caleb, Lieut., i. 269.

Bates, Caleb, killed (at the Battle of
Brandywine, i. 314), i. 320.

Bates, Charles E., died in the Civil War,
i. 354.

Bates, Cornelius, i. 318.

Bates, David, i. 265

Bates, Elisha, i. 283, 287, 299, 312.

Bates, Elisha, Jr., i. 299.

Bates, Frederick, i. 263.

Bates, Issachar, i. 267.

Bates, James, i. 238, 282, 283, 287, 300 (2),
314,324,325 (2).

Bates, James, died at West Point, i. 314.

Bates, Jesse, i. 278, 291, 315.

Bates, Jonathan, i. 283, 298.

Bates, Joseph, i. 289.

Bates, Joshua, i. 262.

Bates, Josiah, i. 283.

Bates, Levi, Lieut., i. 298, 329.

Bates, Luke (Kohasset), i. 286.

Bates, Mordica, i. 264.

Bates, Nathaniel, i. 204, 298, 310, 321.

Bates, Samuel, Jr., i. 298.

Bates, Simeon, i. 263.

Bates, Thaddeus, i. 311.

Bates, Zealous, i. 283.

Batson, Joseph P., Lieut., i. 338.

Battalion, a local, i. 333.

Battery pasture; the Battery, i. 193.

Battles, Ephraim, i. 283.

Battles, Jared, i. 283.

Battles, Joseph, Jr., i. 264.

Battles, Otis L., i. 348, 361.

Baxter, Company of Capt., i. 317, 318.

Bay Association, A Discourse on Pastoral
Duty before the, ii. 202; also a com-
plaint against the clergy of the, 221.

Baylies, Hodijah, Major, i. 325, 327.

Beach Island, i. 160.

Beal, Abel, i. 298.

392

Index to History.

Beal, Benjamin, i. 263, 267, 278, 282;

Lieut , 284 ; Capt., 319, 328.
Beal, Caleb, i. 293.

Beal, Caleb H., i. 358; 2d Lieut., 358, 367.
Beal, Daniel, i. 310.

Beal, Daniel L., died in the service, i. 353.
Beal, David, Jr., i. 278, 286, 298, 300,

315.
Beal, Ebenezer, i. 253; Capt., 263, 270,

280.
Beal, Elias, i. 308.
Beal, Elijah, i. 278, 286, 326; Lieut., 299,

321, 329.
Beal, Elisha, i. 299, 321, 322.
Beal, George, Capt., his long steamboat

service ii. 246.
Beal, Gershom, i. 299, 300, 320.
Beal, Isaac, Jr., i. 293, 299.
Beal, Jacob, i. 263, 278, 291, 298, 315.
Beal, Jairus, i. 299, 300.
Beal, James, i. 287.
Beal, Jedediah, i. 326.
Beal, Jeremiah, 227, 248; Lieut., 230.
Beal, John, of Hingham, and one line of

his descendants, ii. 198.
Beal, John, i. 278, 293; Jr., 291.
Beal, Joseph, i. 264, 267, 278, 299, 310 ;

2d Lieut., 291, 298, 300, 323, 329.
Beal, Joshua, i. 283, 287, 299, 318, 319;

Jr., 299.
Beal, Laban O., i. 353.
Beal, Lazarus, f ii. 308.
Beal, Lazarus A., i. 300.
Beal, Nathaniel, Jr., i. 237.
Beal, Noah, i. 258.
Bea!, Obadiah, i. 264.
Beal, Samuel, i. 283.
Beal, Solomon J., § ii. 198.
Beal's Cove, i. 181.
Beal, Uriah, i. 323.
Beal, Welcome, i. 297, 299.
Beal, William H , death of, i. 352.
Beale, Arthur, i. 361 ; commander of Post

104, G. A. R., 361, 369.
Beale, John, Adj., i. 332.
Beautiful wild flowers of America, ii. 225.
Beeches, the, i. 167.
Beech wood Cemetery, incorporation of

the, ii. 356, 357.
Beech woods, i. 167.
Beech woods River, i. 185.
Belcher, lecture on occasion of the arrival

of His Excellency, Jonathan, Esq., ii.

204. See also military references re-
lating to a conference held with

Indians ; sending of troops to Cuba,

etc., by Governor, i. 251, 252.
Belgium and Holland, The Old Masters of

(translation), ii. 222.
Belle Isle, prisoners at, i. 344.
Bells purchased, ii. 48 (2), 134.
Benefactors, public, ii. 37, 100, 125, 151,

154, 279, 281, 285, 316.
Benjamin Franklin's estimate of the value

of subscription libraries to the Ameri-
can people, ii. 144.

Bennington, transportation of baggage to,

i. 311.
Benson, Joseph, i. 237.
Bent, company of Capt. Samuel, i. 2G9.
Bentley, William, * § ii. 198.
Berry, Joseph N. (Weymouth), i. 341.
Berry, Thomas, i. 293," 297, 298.
" Better things than these," ii. 201.
Bibby, George W., i. 341; Lieut., 347,

367; killed in battle, 347, 307.
Bible Society, first annual meeting in

Hanover of the Plymouth and Norfolk,

ii. 202.
Bible, traces of picture writing in the, ii.

217.
Bicknell, George 2d, i. 363.
Bicknell, Levi, i. 314.
Bicknell, Quincy, § ii. 199.
Bicknell, Samuel, i. 314.
Bicknells, family reunion of the, ii. 199.
Bicknell, Thomas, i. 300.
Bier and hearse, the, ii. 377, 378.
Billerica, two hundredth anniversary of

the incorporation, and address at the

celebration of, ii. 221.
Billings, Charles T., * ii 48, 55, 56.
Binney, Amos, * § ii. 199.
Binney, Benjamin, i. 293.
Binney, Elkanah, Sig. Quartermaster, U.

S. N., i. 365.
Binney, Henry F., i. 342, 348.
Birds which were once abundant in Hing-
ham, i. 84-86.
Birth of Jesus, ii. 217.
Bites of a Cherry (poems), ii. 215.
Black-Horse Tavern, i. 193.
Black Ledge, i. 161.

Blackman, John H., killed at Fredericks-
burg, i. 344.
Blackman, Lemuel S., death of, i. 343.
Black-Rock House, i. 165.
Black-Snake Hill, i. 191.
Blair, Frederick C., Master-at-Arms, U. S.

N., i. 365.
Blake, Casar, i. 320, 324.
Blake, Charles, i. 333.
Blake, Josenh, Lieut., i. 256, 257,258, 262,

280, 333. *
Blake, Joseph, i. 260, 267, 278, 286 (Jr.),

291.
Blake, Joshua, Lieut. U. S. N., i. 262, 333.
Blake, Solomon, i. 293.
Blanchard, Alvin, Jr., i. 351.
Blancher, John, i. 260, 263.
Blancher, Nehemiah, i. 255.
Blossom, Charles W., death of, i. 344.
Blossom, Edward C, i. 346, 358.
Blossom, John, i. 277, 282, 291.
Blossom, Thomas D., i. 352.
Blowson, John, i. 299.
Boen, George W., i. 366.
Boiling, Augustus, i. 350.
Bolster, Charles, i. 358.
Bonney, George H., i. 366.
Booding, Wm., i. 320.
Book-binders, ii. 178.

Index to History.

393

Books adopted in the public schools in
1809, list of, ii. 91.

Books for the Public Library, prominent
donors of, ii. 144, 145, 154.

Boot and Shoe manufactories, ii. 1G7, 108.

Booth, Edwin, i. 306.

Booth, James, i. 352.

Boscawen, Admiral, i. 204.

Bossuet, Joseph, t ii. 309.

Boston, addresses and sermons delivered
in, ii. 203, 204 (2), 205, 211, 210, 222, 223,
228, 229 (2).

Boston and Hingham Steamboat Co., in-
corporation of the, ii. 245.

Boston Basin, towns embraced in the, i.
38-43.

Boston, evacuation of, i. 283.

Boston Harbor, persons disguised as In-
dians empty three ship-loads of tea into,
i. 273.

Boston Harbor, the enemy driven from, i.
303.

Boston Homoeopathic Medical Society,
president of the, i. 322.

Boston Massacre, i. 271.

Boston, oration before the city council
and citizens of, i. 215.

Boston, siege of, i. 281, 282, 325, 328.

Boston to Plymouth, opening of the Old
Colony Railroad from, ii. 253.

Botany of Hingham, the, i. 87-138.

Botting, Fielder, i. 350.

Boundary lines of Hingham. See Geol-
ogy, i. 1-5.

Bound Brook, i. 159, 101.

Bound Rock, i. 101.

Bounty and pay of soldiers, i. 258, 281,
324

Bourdon, Amada, i. 317.

Bourne, Shearjashub, 1 ii. 328.

Bouve, Edward T., § Lieut., Capt., Major,
Commander of Post 104, G. A. It., i.
139, 157, 348, 359, 367 ; Colonel and
Aide-de-camp, Capt. and engineer,
Capt. and Provost Marshal, Capt. and
Aide-de-camp, 374.

Bouve, Thomas T., § i. 1, 75, 79, 87;
ii. 199.

Bouve, Walter L., Lieut., i § i. 209, 374 ;
ii. 328.

Bowen, Daniel, * ii. 54, 199.

Bower, Frederick, i. 317.

Bowers, Charles M., ii. 59.

Bowker, Lazarus, Lieut, Capt., i. 335, 330.

Bowlders. See Geologv, i. 50, 51, 66, 07,
68.

Bowser, Alexander T., * ii. 55.

Boylston, Dr., t ii. 309.

Bradbury, Moses, i. 202.

Bradford, Capt., i. 268.

Bradstreet, command of Colonel, i. 200.

Bradstreet's victory, i. 200.

Braintree, i. 203, 289, 299, 310, 318, 347 ;
ii. 203, 204.

Braintree company at the defence of
Grape Island, i. 289.

Braintree, sermons preached at, ii. 203,

204.
Bragdon, Ezekiel (Braxton), i. 320.
Branches early taught in the public

schools, ii. 89.
Brandywine, mortally wounded at the

disastrous battle of, i. 314, 327.
Bray, John, i. 299.
Bray man, James, i. 202.
Brayton, Jedediah J., * § ii. 47, 199.
Breadencheese Tree Lane, i. 160.
Breadencheese Tree Plain, i. 107.
Breakneck Hill, i. 184.
Breen, John J., i. 352.
Breen, William, i. 301 ; died in prison

348.
Brewer, regiment of Col. David, i. 290.
Brewster, J. M., § ii. 200.
Briant, death of Capt., i. 314.
Bridges. See Landmarks.
Bridgewater, killed at the battle of, i. 334.
Brigadier Cushing's Tavern, i. 185.
Brigadier's Meadow, i. 174.
Briggs, Setli, i. 277, 282, 292.
Brigham, Thomas S., i. 361.
Brig Hazard, the armed, i. 307, 308.
Brimhall, Caleb, i. 277, 28.
British fleet leave Boston Harbor, the, i.

290.
Broad Bridge, i. 187.
Broad Cove, i. 170 ; military encampment

and regular garrison at, 285, 294.
Broad Cove Street, i. 180.
Bronsdon, Samuel, i. 341, 340.
Brookfield, address delivered at, ii. 211.
Brooks, Charles,* § his efforts to promote

the cause of education, ii. 103 ; memoir

of, 200, 214 ; other references to, 40,

50, 51, 52, 53, 228.
Brooks, regiment of Colonel, i. 327.
Brooks, sermon on the death of Mrs. Ce-
cilia, wife of Rev. Charles, ii. 217.
Brown, Amos, i. 283.
Brown, Charles H., i. 351.
Brown, company of Capt. Abisha, i. 300.
Brown, Henry, i. 353.
Brown, John, i. 347, 306.
Brown, John,*§ i. 207, 329; ii. 27, 39,

200, 202, 210.
Brown, Olympia, * § ii. 201.
Brown, Simon, i. 237.
Brown, Thomas, Capt., i. 333.
Brow, the (Acadian) family of, i. 250.
Brush Island, i. 161.
Brush Ledge, i. 158.
Bryant, James B., i. 342.
Bucket Factory, i. 184.
Buker, Leonard E., i. 352.
Bulfinch, Stephen G., * § ii. 201.
Bull's Pond, i. 194.
Bumpus, company commanded by Capt.,

i. 347.
Bunker Hill, Hingham men at the battle

of, i. 289, 335.
Bunker, James, i. 262.
Burbank, Capt., i. 324.

394

Index to History.

Burbanks, John, i. 298.

Burdett, Joseph O., 1 ii. 328.

Burgoyne, Commander of the forces
operating against, i. 303 ; surrender of,
318; killed at the taking of, 310 (2);
other references to, 313, 328.

Burhenne, Franz, i. 356.

Burial Grounds, chapter on, ii. 355-378.

Burial Grounds, our old, ii. 206.

Burke, Thomas, i. 320.

Burlingame, Waterman, * ii. 59.

Burnsiile, Robert, i. 351.

Burr, Asa, i. 263, 267.

Burr, Charles, i. 318.

Burr, Gushing, i. 292, 298. 299, 318, 323.

Burr, Daniel II., killed at Gettysburg, i.

Burr," David, i. 277, 291, 297, 298 (2),

315.
Burr, E. Waters, 3d Lieut., i. 339.
Burr, Fearing, § ii. 193, 201, 213.
Burr, Isaac, i. 263, 207, 283.
Burr, John, i. 264, 270, 277 (Jr.), 282, 291

293, 297 ; Lieut., 300, 307.
Burr, John W., i. 342.
Burr, Jonathan, i. 249, 293.
Burr, Joseph C, i. 346.
Burr, Levi, i. 277, 280, 286, 297.
Burr, Samuel, i. 267, 277,293, 298.
Burr, Thomas, i. 201, 265, 266, 277,

(Jr. 293), 297, 300, 323, 329 ; Lieut., 261,

291, 293, 300, 323, 329.
Burrell, Ephraim, i. 316.
Burrill, Oliver, Lieut, i. 353, 367.
Burtes, William, i. 301, 305.
Burton, Warren, * ii. 46.
Burton's Lane, i. 181.
Busson, Emmuel, i. 321.
Butler, Simeon, i. 320.
Buttimer, Thomas H., i ii. 329.
Button Island, i. 178.

Cabinet-ware, number of persons em-
ployed in the manufacture of, ii. 164,
105.

Cadets, camp of the First Corps of, i. 372,
373 ; discourse preached before the, ii.
201.

Caldwell, Charles H. B., Commodore U.
S. N., i. 374.

Callahan, Patrick, i. 353.

Cambridge, address delivered before the
Alumni of the Theological School at,
ii. 225; also before the University and
Divinity School, 218, 219 ; other refer-
ences, 220, 228.

Campbell, Charles, i. 360; Gunner's Mate
U. S. N , i. 365.

Canada, expeditions to, i. 248, 249, 284,
299 ; Hingham's part in the conquest of,
265 ; regiments ordered to, 301 ; other
references to the reduction of, 267, 322,
328 ; geological survey of, ii. 209.

Cannidy, James, i. 262.

Cannon, drawn or transported to Hull, i.
307, 340.

Canterbury, Cornelius, i. 238.

Canterbury, Jacob, i. 323.

Canterbury, John, i. 258, 259.

Canterbury, the locality known as, i. 170,
193.

Capen, Robert, t ii. 309.

Capital of the Hingham Bank reduced,
and change in the par value of shares,
i. 274.

Capitulation of Cornwallis, i. 326.

Captains and Colonels, other than those
belonging to Hingham, in whose com-
mand were men servin»- on the quota
of the town, i. 312, 313,^320, 321.

Captains of the Hingham Rackets, ii. 242,
243.

Captain's tent, the, i. 179.

Capt. Hodges and fifty men of Grid-
ley's command ambushed, and only six
escape ; other commands nearly anni-
hilated, i. 259.

Capt. Pratt's Hill, i. 168.

Carpenter, sermon at the instalment of
Rev Ezra, ii. 205.

Carr, Michael, i. 357.

Carrell, Joseph, i. 255, 265, 26G.

Carriage and chaise establishments, and
early owners of these vehicles, ii. 105,
166.

Carson, Kit, i. 306.

Carter, John (Boston), i. 320.

Carter, William, i. 344. 359.

Carter, William M., i. 359.

Carthagena stormed, i. 252.

Carver, Justin A., i. 340.

Carver, Thomas A., i. 342, 348.

Carver, Wakefield, i. 301.

Cary, Lieut., i. 324.

Casey, Michael, i. 357.

Castle, company stationed at the, i. 334.

Catechism for children and young per-
sons, ii. 202.

Catholic association organized, and ser-
vices first held in Hingham, ii. 79.

Catholic Cemeterv, consecration of the,
ii. 357, 358.

Cattle, increase in the stock of, ii. 180.

Cazaire, Louis T. V., Lieut., Staff of Gen.
Canby, i. 353, 307.

Cazneau, Edward, Capt, i. 337, 338;
Lieut-Colonel, ii. 120.

Cedar Street Cemetery (Cohasset), ii. 358.

Celehration of peace after the last war
with EnglandT i. 336. See also Anni-
versary Celebrations.

Cemetery inscriptions, i. 306; ii. 357, 358,
359, 360, 363, 364, 369, 370, 371, 374,
375, 376.

Cemeteries. See Burial Grounds.

Chadbourn, John C, i. 348, 361.

Chaise, the square-topped with wooden
springs, ii. 165, 326.

Chamberlin, Freedom, Capt. of a Pem-
broke company, i. 289.

Chamberlin, Henry, i. 237.

Chamberlin, John, i. 237.

Index to History.

395

Chamberlin's Run, i. 194.
Chamberlin's Swamp, i. 104.
Chamberlin, William, i. 237.
Cliamplain period (geological), i. 58.
Cliamplin, David 1L, i. 356.
Chancery (for Plymouth county), master

of, ii. 335.
Chandler, Ichabod W., i. 348.
Channing, Thoughts Selected from the

Writings of Rev. William E., ii. 217.
Chapel at the junction of High and Ward

Streets, ii. 69, 70.
Chaplain in the army of the revolution and

present at the battle of Bunker Hill, ii.

351, 352.
Chaplains in the army, i. 2G7, 281, 289 ;

ii. 44.
Chapman, Timothy B., i. 354.
Charitable fund left in trust for the bene-
fit and use of residents of the South

Parish in Hingham, by Martin Wilder,

ii. 285.
Charles Liston, or self-denial, a tale for

youth, ii. 218.
Charleston, S. C, invested, i. 304.
Charter granted Old Colony Lodge of

.Ancient Free and Accepted Masons to

hold meetings and work in the town of

Hanover, Mass. ; date of the, ii. 289.
Charter of the Hingham Co-operative

Bank granted by the Commonwealth,

ii. 278.
Charter of the Hingham Mutual Fire In-
surance Company renewed, ii. 272.
Charter of the Hingham National Bank,

ii. 274.
Charter members of Edwin Humphrey

Post, 104, G. A. R., i. 369.
Chase, Cyrus H, i. 353.
Chauncj', reference to Rev. Dr., ii. 25. .
Chessman, John W., i. 343.
Chief-Justice of the Court of Common

Pleas, ii. 339.
Chief-Justice of the Supreme Court of

New York, ii. 339.
Chief of the State Detective Force, i

347.
Chipman, Silas, i. 335.
Christian and Worldly Contentment, ii.

223.
Christian Catechism for Children and

Youns Persons, also for Sundav-schools,

ii. 220,221.
Christian Character, on the Formation of,

ii. 229.
Christianity and Modern Thought, ii. 225.
Christianity, the Duty of Promoting by

the Circulation of Books, ii. 229.
Christianity, the Progress of, Retarded by

its Friends, ii. 220.
Christianity, Thoughts on Unitarinn, ii.

212.
Christianity, tracts concerning, ii. 219.
Christian Obedience to Civil Government,

ii. 221.
Christian Patriot Encouraged, The, ii. 220.

Christian Truth, ii. 229.
Christmas Pond, i. 197.
Christmas Sermon preached at Hingham

Centre, ii. 210.
Chronicles, Hosea Sprague's, ii. 224.
Chubbuck, David, i. 316, 318.
Chubbuck, Eleazer, Jr., i. 354.
Chubbuck, George A., i. 350; U. S. N., i-

365.
Chubbuck, James, i. 2S7, 301.
Chubbuck, Jeremiah, i. 209; Lieut., 269.
Chubbuck, Josiah, i. 335.
Chubbuck, Lieutenant, i. 249.
Chubbuck, Nathaniel, i. 252.
Chubbuck's House, i. 190.
Chubbuck's Well, i. 190.
Chubbuck, Thomas, i. 255, 282, 284 (Jr.),

311 (2), 318.
Church and Society of the Free Christian

Mission, ii. 68, 09.
Church, Capt. Benjamin, i. 230.
Church difficulties, early, ii. 12.
Church formations, ii. 30, 38, 40, 42, 43,

48, 67, 79.
Churchill, Charles, Lieut., i. 338.
Churchill, James T., died in prison, i. 354.
Churchill, Jesse, i. 333.
Churchill, Thaddeus, 2d Lieut., i. 354,

367.
Churchill, Thomas, death of, i. 345.
Church of St. Paul (Roman Catholic), ii.

79, 80.
Church, the old at Cohasset, i. 163; ii.

37-40.
Cincinnati, president of the society of

the, i. 305.
Civil War, Hingham in the, i. 340-368;

ii. 201, 213.
Clapp, Charles, i. 254.
Clapp, George A., i. 358.
Clapp, regiment of Colonel, i. 200.
Clark, Andrew J., i. 341, 346.
Clark, John, i. 320.
Clark, Mark, i. 293.
Clark, Melzar W., i. 366.
Clark, Ruf us, i. 360.
Clark, Timothy, i. 299.
Clark, Wrm. (Pownalboro), i. 320.
Clarke, William T.,* ii. 47.
Claverack, New York; Hingham men

stationed at, i. 321.
Clay Pits, i. 180.

Clay slate, or Argillite of the Conglome-
rate Series, i. 43, 44.
Clergymen present at the dedication of

St. Paul's Catholic Church, ii. 80.
Clergymen who have delivered the An

nual Derby Lecture, list of, ii. 142.
Clerical influence, i. 207.
Cleverly, James M., i. 361.
Clocks, the first made in Hingham, ii.

177 ; other notices of, including those

on Church towers, 48, 56, 68, 177.
Cloney, Thomas, i. 360.
Clothing made from Max and hemp in

olden time, ii. 185.

396

Index to History.

Clothing provided for Hingham soldiers,

during the revolution, i. 320, 324.
Club of Generous Undertakers, ii. 298.
Coal-pit Hill, i. 196.
Coal, the introduction into Hingham of

anthracite, ii. 52, 53.
Coat rolls, explanation of, i. 302.
Cobb, Primus, a negro, i. 205.
Cobb's Bank, i. 174, 222.
Cobb, Silas H., i. 312, 348.
Cohasset, approach of the enemy's ships

in the War of 1812-1815 causes an

alarm at, i. 334, 335.
Cohasset, centennial anniversary of the

town of, ii. 222.
Cohasset Central Cemetery, ii. 359, 360.
Cohasset Company in Gen. Win. Heath's

regiment were natives of Hingham, i.

282, 283.
Cohasset, early ministers of, and histori-
cal sketch of the First Church at, ii.

37-40.
Cohasset Harbor, i. 159.
Cohasset, S. S. Railroad opened to, ii.

253.
Cohasset Road, the old, i. 107.
Cohasset Rocks, i. 158, 165.
Cohasset Woods, i. 169.
Colbart, Thos., i. 310.
Colberg, Swan P., i. 350.
Colburn, Charles H.,t ii. 309.
Cold Corner, i. 191.
Cold Spring, i. 1G5.
Cole, Isaac, i. 237.
College company, commander of a, i.

325.
College graduates. See Graduates of Col-
leges.
Collfax, Col. William, i. 313.
Collier, H. Price, ordained minister of

the First Parish, * § ii. 33, 201.
Collins, John, i. 366.
Collins, Thomas, i. 366.
Colman, Henry, * § chaplain, i. 333;

ordination of, as pastor, ii. 49, 50, 201.
Colman, William, i. 366.
Colonels in the Continental service other

than those connected with Hingham, list I

of, i. 320, 321.
Colored Soldiers, letter to the President

on the payment of, ii. 195.
Colson, Thomas, i. 265.
Comer, Francis, i. 324.
Commander-in-Chief of the Common-
wealth during the Civil War, i. 368.
Commander of General Washington's

Guards, i. 313.
Commanders of Edwin Humphrey Post

101, G. A. R., i. 369.
Commentary, the Peoples', ii. 199.
Commercial fertilizers brought into use,

ii. 184.
Commissioner to meet the Governors of

the original Thirteen States, ii. 337.
Committee chosen by the town on grant-

ing land for the erection of a chapel at

the junction of High and Ward streets,
ii. 69, 70.

Committee chosen to consider the state of
the militia, i. 275.

Committees appointed by the town on
procuring water from Accord Pond, ii.
262, 263, 264.

Committees chosen to hire soldiers, i.
319.

Committees of correspondence, inspection
and safety, i. 275, 302, 307, 314, 321,
323, 324, 320.

Commodore Warren, a victor of the
" Dunkirk of America," i. 253.

Common at Hingham Centre, the, i. 194.

Communications of Old Colony Lodge of
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons ;
where held, ii. 289, 290.

Compendious and Plain Catechism de-
signed for the benefit of the rising gen-
eration, ii. 223, 228.

Competing lines of steamboats, ii. 248,
250.

Complaint that the parish and town have
not had the benefit that was designed
them by the donor of the Derby School,
ii. 130.

Conaley, Barney, i. 366.

Conant, Thomas, * ii. 58.

Concord Bridge Engagement, i. 281, 289.

Conferences with the Indians of Maine, i.
251.

Conglomerate series (geological), i. 43,
44.

Congregational Ministers of Massachu-
setts, a sermon delivered before the, ii.
228.

Congregational Society, the Evangelical,
ii. 67-69.'

Congress, delegate to, under the Confeder-
ation, ii. 333.

Congress, deputy secretary and secretary
to, ii. 340.

Congress, representatives to, ii. 328, 333,

OOO.

Connell, Cornelius, i. 360.

Conohasset meadows, river, and rivulet,
i. 159, 161.

Consecration and dedication to Masonic
purposes of the rooms of Old Colony
Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted
Masons, ii. 292.

Consecration of the Church of St. John
the Evangelist, ii. 72.

Contention among the early church mem-
bers, ii. 4, 17.

Contrast between the farm implements oi
the first settlers and the labor-saving
improvements of the present day, ii.
186, 187.

Contributions for the sufferers by the
Chicago fire, report concerning the, ii.
206.

Controversy witli the early Magistrates,
ii. 4, 6.

Conversion, a sermon on, ii. 221.

Index to History.

397

Conveyances for enlarging and improving
burial grounds, ii. 350, 357, 358, 305,
373, 375.

Conway, Thomas, i. 346.

Cook, Charles, i. 306.

Cook, James, i. 282, 312, 322, 324.

Cook, sermon at the funeral of Capt.
Lueian A. of Leominster, ii. 211.

Cooke, Joseph, i. 313.

Co-operative Bank, the Hingham, ii. 277,
278, 279.

Coopering, persons and firms formerly
engaged in the pursuit of ; the Hingham
bucket, box, tub, and pail makers, ii.
163-164. See also 173.

Cooper's Island, i. 160.

Copper and Brass foundry, possibility of
a, ii. 160.

Corbett, Charles, i. 342, 348.

Corbett, John K., Lieut., Capt., i. 337, 338.

Corbett, Thomas, Lieut., Capt., i. 338.

Corbett, Waldo F., Lieut., i. 340, 307.

Corcoran, James, i. 350.

Corcoran, Jeremiah, Jr., i. 342 ; mortally
wounded, i. 355.

Cordage, commencement of the manufac-
ture of, by Hawkes Fearing ; incorpora-
tion of the Hingham Cordage Company ;
destruction of its rope-walk and con-
tents by fire; new works erected; other
manufacturers of, ii. 175, 176.

Corner-Stone Lodge, independent order
of Good Templars, ii. 297.

Corner-stone of the Catholic Church laid
with impressive ceremonies, ii. 79.

Cornet, Mathew Cushing, i. 248.

Cornet of Cavalry, i. 224.

Corn mills, first notice of the establish-
ment of, ii. 155, 156, 157 ; other refer-
ences to, i. 174, 175, 217, 221, 222.

Cornwallis, his capitulation, i. 326 ; Gen-
eral Lincoln receives the sword of, i.
304.

Correspondence between Governor An-
drew and Major-General Butler, ii. 194.

Corthell, Charles L., Lieut. 4th U. S.
Artillery, i. 374.

Corthell, Gustavus P., i. 353.

Corthell, Nelson, Lieut, i. 339 (2).

Corthell, Nelson F., killed at second Bull
Run, i. 345.

Corthell, Robert, i. 325.

Corthell, Samuel N., i. 360.

Corthell, Sherebiah, i. 299, 311, 323, 325.

Cost of maintaining the public schools of
Hingham, ii. 100, 101.

Cost of the Hingham Water Works, ii.
269.

Cost of the new academy building, ii. 134.

Cost of the present almshouse, ii. 381.

Cotton, Frederick W., i. 351.

Cotton Mather on the life of Mr. Peter
Hobart,*ii. 18-21.

Cotton, Ward, * § ii. 202.

Council of Massachusetts, member of the
executive, ii. 334.

Count Pulaski killed, i. 304.

Count Xavier (translation), ii. 222.

County relations, ii. 379.

Court of Common Pleas, Justice of the, ii.
329.

Covell, Timothy, i. 260.

Cove, military company posted at Hing-
ham, i. 285.

Covenant of the early Church of the Sec-
ond Precinct (Cohasset), ii. 38.

Covenants adopted under the ministries
of Messrs. Russell and Clark, ii. 47.

Covenants to which the early members of
the 3d (now 2d) church assented, ii. 40,
41.

Cove, surroundings of the Hingham, i.
174.

Cows, number kept in Hingham, ii. 183.

Crafts' Regiment of State Artillery, i. 308,
309, 313.

Crane, artillery regiment of Colonel, i.
314, 315, 310, 317, 327.

Crease, John B., death of, i. 346.

Creigor, Christopher, i. 317.

Cressev, Timothy It., * ii. 59.

Creswell, John, i. 341, 354.

Crockett, William H.,* ii. 70.

Crops grown by the first settlers, and at
later periods, including the different
grains, fruits, and vegetables, ii. 182,
183.

Croquet Club, ii. 306.

Crosby, Isaac (Waltham), i. 320.

Crosby, Joshua, Jr., i. 359.

Cross, Alfred,* ii. 48.

Crow Hill and Swamp, i. 195.

Crown Point, the French at, i. 200 ; other
references to, i. 255, 256, 257.

Crow Point (Hingham Harbor), a military
encampment at, i. 285, 288 ; other ref-
erences to the locality, i. 170, 177. See
also Downer Landing.

Crustacea (see notes on animal life), i. 82.

Crvptogamous, or flovverless, plants i. 130-
138.

Cuba Dam and its surroundings, i. 100.

Cultivation of Crops, ancient and modern
methods for the, ii. 183, 184.

Cummings, Robert M , i. 351

Cummings, William L., i. 300.

Currier, Edward E., Lieut., i. 374.

Curriers, ii. 106.

Curtis, Enoch, i. 333.

Curtis, Job, i. 279, 282.

Cushing, Abel, i. 320, 323, 325(2) ; Capt ,
ii. 157, §202, 1329.

Cushing, Adam, Capt., i. 252.

Cushing, Adna, i. 332 ; Capt., 330.

Cushing, Allen, i. 333.

Cushing, a military company commanded
by Hon. Thomas, i. 327.

Cushing, Be—, i. 323.

Cushing, Bela, i. 279.

Cushing, Benjamin, i. 263, 316 ; Jr., 277,
292, 297 (2).

Cushing, Benjamin,! ii. 310.

398

Index to History.

Cushing, Beza, i. 265, 266, 267.
Gushing, Caleb, i. 323.
Gushing, Calvin, i. 263, 265, 267, 283.
Gushing, Charles, Lieut., Capt., Colonel, i.

277, 282, 284, 313, 328, 331.
Cushing, Daniel, i. 279, 297, Jr. 301, 315.
Cushing, David, Cornet, Lieut., Capt.,

Lieut.-Colonel, Colonel, i. 263, 270, 279,

291, 292, 316, 322, 329, 331, 337 Jr., 331.
Cushing, David W., killed at Antietam, i.

353.
Gushing, Ebed, i. 292, 293, 297, 298.
< lushing, Ebenezer, i. 292.
Gushing, Elijah, i. 254.
Cushing, Elisha, Jr., i. 297.
Cushing, Ezekiel, i. 292, 299, 310, 324.
Cushing, Henry, Quartermaster, i. 337.
Cushing, Henry H., Capt., i. 363, 367.
Cushing, Hosea, Jr., i. 335.
Cushing, Isaac, i. 292, 297, 298 ; 3d Lieut.,

279, 329.
Cushing, Isaiah, ii. 326; Capt., Major, i.

270, 277, 291, 323, 328.
Cushing, Jacob G., i. 341, 361 ; death of,

348.
Gushing, Jacob, Jr., i. 277, 291 ; Lieut.,

Capt., 336.
Cushing, Jno., master of sloop " Sea

Flower" (Sept. 30, 1756), i. 2G0.
Cushing, Job, Capt., i. 283,284, 290, 300,

307, 310, 321, 328.
Cushing, John, i. 318, 323.
Cushing, John, 3d, Capt., i. 331.
Cushing, Jonathan, i. 308; Lieut, Capt.,

332, 333 ; Jr., 298.
Cushing, Joseph, Quartermaster, Lieut.,

Capt., Major., Lieut.-Colonel, i. 263, 270,

332, 336.
Cushing, Laban, i. 316, 323.
Cushing, Laban F., i. 344.
Cushing, Loring H., i. 350.
Cusliin^, Martin, l. 303.
Cushing, Matthew, i. 292, 297, 298; Cor-
net, 248 ; Lieut., Capt., 228.
Cushing, Ned, adjutant, i. 332, 333.
Cushing, Nehemiah, Lieut., i. 332.
Cushing Peter, Capt., i. 261,270, 291, 292,

293, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 307, 315,

Cushing, Pyam, Capt., i. 270, 292, 293, 318,

328.
Cushing, Robert, i. 360.
Cushing, sermon at the decease of Sarah,

wife of Hon. Abel, ii. 201.
Gushing, Seth, Jr., i. 330.
Cushing, Solomon, i. 291, 297.
Cushing, Stephen, i. 293; Lieut., Capt.,

263, 299.
Cushing, Theo., i. 279.
Cushing, Theoph., i. 316.
Cushing, Theophilus, Lieut., Capt., Major,

Colonel, Brig.-General, i. 238, 269, 292,

316, 331, 337 ; Jr., 352.
Cushing, Thomas, i 258, 293, 297, 314, 315,

316; Lieut, 331.
Cushing, Thos., i. 279, 292, 298, 316.

Cushing, Timothy, i. 298.

Cushing, Washington, Capt, Major,

Lieut.-Colonel, Colonel, i. 331, 332.
Cushing, Webster A., i. 356.
Cushing, William, i. 292, 297.
Cushing, William B., i. 346.
Cushing, William G., U. S. N., i. 365.
Cushing's Bridge, i. 194.
Cushing's Neck, i. 172.
Cushing's Bond, i. 184.
Custom-House deputy collectors, list of,

and final abolishment of the local office

of, ii. 385.
Cutler, John.t i. 237 ; ii. 310.

Dager, John, i, 317.

Daggett, Henry, i. 366.

Daggett, William A., i. 349, 360.

Daley, Daniel, i. 352 ; U. S. N., 365.

Daley, James, i. 362.

Dallas, Horatio M., Capt., i. 306, 367.

Dalton, Thomas D., i. 366.

Dam and mill at Straits Fond, liberty
to erect a, ii. 155.

Damde Meddowes, i. 172, 178.

Dame, or early private, schools, ii. 84.

Damon, Albert, i. 366.

Damon, Andrew J., death of, i. 354.

Damon, Charles H. (W. Scituate), i. 342.

Damon, Isaac B., i. 352.

Damon, Nat., i. 279.

Damon, Solomon L., i. 338.

Daniels, John, i. 314, 324, 325.

Dartmoor prisoners, i. 334 (5).

Davis, Absolum, i. 324.

Davis, John, i. 312.

Davis; Nahum, i. 290.

Davis, Seth, i. 260.

Davis, Thomas, i. 360.

Dawes, John G., 2d Lieut., i. 352, 367.

Dawes, William L., i. 353, 361.

Day, John W.,*ii. 34.

Deacon Bourne's Island, i. 159.

Deacon Kent's Rocks, i. 159.

Deacons of the Baptist Church, and of
the Evangelical Congregational Society,
ii. 61, 68.

Deacons of the Church of the First
Parish ; list of, ii. 34.

Dean, Henry M.,* ii. 60.

Deaths in the Army, i. 249 (12), 259, 260,
284 (3), 310 (2), 313,314 (3), 320, 321,
325 (2), 326, 327, 334, 343, 345 (2), 346,
348, 353, 354, 358, 367. See also Died,
or killed in battle.

Debating Societies, the Hingham, Jeffer-
son, Monday Night Club, and Glad
Tidings Literary Union, ii. 299, 300.
Decatur, At Tripoli with Commodore, i.

333.
Deceitful and Wicked, in what Sense the

Heart is, ii. 200.
Decree favoring the erection of a build-
ing for educational purposes in the vi-
cinity of the Meeting-House in the
South Parish, ii. 286.

Index to History.

399

Dedham, a discourse delivered before
Constellation Lodge at, ii. 221.

Dedication of Loring Hall, ii. 281.

Dedication of the Baptist Meeting- House,
ii. 59.

Dedication of the Chapel of the United
Social Society of South Hingham, ii.
78.

Dedication of Loring Hall, ii. 281-282.

Dedication of the Church of St. Paul
(Roman Catholic), ii. 79, 80.

Dedication of the Hingham Public Li-
brary Building (the first), ii. 146.

Dedication of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, ii. 62.

Dedication of the Meeting-House of the
Evangelical Congregational Society, ii.
67.

Dedication of the Parish-House, ii. 37.

Dedication of the Meeting-House of the
First Universalist Society, ii. 65.

Dedication of " Wilder Memorial " Hall,
ii. 286-287.

Dedicatory Address, and Reports of the
Trustees of the Hingham Public Li-
brary, ii. 233. See also ii. 144-154.

Dedication of the spacious manufactory
building of Messrs. Burr, Brown, & Co.,
ii. 161-162.

Deed from Hon. Albert Fearing to the
trustees of the Hingham Public Library,
ii. 146, 148, 149.

Deerfield, a funeral discourse on the death
of Luther B. Lincoln preached at, ii.
218.

Deerfield Collection of Sacred Music,
author of the, ii. 354.

Deer Hill, and Deer Hill Lane, i. 163, 169.

Degrees received, Bachelor of Theology,
ii. 343 ; LL.B., 328, 329, 330, 337, 338,
340; M.D., 309, 310 (2), 311 (2), 312,
313, 314, 318, 319 (2), 322 (2), 325 (2) ;
S.T.D., 342, 353, 354.

Delegates for revising the Constitution of
Massachusetts, ii. 44, 342, 346.

Dempsey, James, i. 366.

Department of the South, commander of
the, i. 321.

Deputy Collectors of the Customs in
Hingham, list of, ii. 385.

Derby Academy, i. 188; its founder and
benefactor, ii. 115, 116 ; first opened as
a school, 129, 130; importance of the
annual lecture in years past, 137; its
hall frequently used at a former period
by religious societies, for town meet-
ings, social gatherings, etc., 135 ; un-
successful attempt to utilize it for the
purpose of a high school for the town,
136, 137.

Derby, death of Madam, ii. 129.

Derby Lectures (discourses and sermons),
by whom and where held, ii. 130, 138,
142, 203 (2), 218, 222,233.

Derby School, act for establishing the ;
deeds of bargain and sale, of lease

and release ; name changed to Derby
Academy ; surroundings of the, ii. 117,
122, 130.

Derby's Bridge, i. 198.

Descendauts of the early settlers of Hing-
ham, and bearing their surnames, who
served in the Revolution, and in the
Civil War, i. 328, 368, 369.

Description of Hingham at its settlement,
i. 241.

Destruction of the first Public Library
building with its contents by fire, ii.
153.

Devil's Armchair, the, i. 159.

Devil's Back, i. 183.

Devonian fossils, illustrations of, i. 210.

Diabase, generally known as Trap (geo-
logical), i. 31.

Diaries of Lieut. Thomas Burr, Daniel
Cushing, and of Paul Litchfield of
Scituate, quotations from the, i. 250,
288, 300, 301.

Died in captivity at Halifax, i. 308.

Died, or killed in battle, in the Civil War,
i. 333, 334, 343 (7), 344 (9), 345 (5), 346
(3), 347 (3), 348 (7), 349 (3), 351 (2),
353(7), 354 (12), 355 (5), 356 (1), 357
(1), 358 (3), 360 (4), 362 (2), 363 (4), 367.

Dieskau's defeat, i. 265.

Dig-away, or Didgeway, Hill, i. 185.

Dighton, collector of, i. 325.

Dike, militia regiment of Colonel, i. 310.

Dikes, i. 31, 34, 35, 49.

Dill, Daniel, i. 325, 326, 335.

Dill, John, i. 282, 323, 325.

Dill, Lemuel, i. 326.

Dill, Nathaniel, i. 282, 299, 323.

Dimensions of the Catholic Church, ii. 79.

Dimensions of Loring Hall, ii. 281.

Dimensions of the First and Second
Meeting- Houses in the Second Precinct
(Cohasset), ii. 37, 39.

Diorite, exposures of, i. 25-29.

Dishet, James, i. 320.

Dismal Swamp, the, i. 191.

Dissensions in the original Wampatuck
Encampment No. 18, I. O. O. F., ii. 295.

District attorney, an assistant for the
Southeastern District of Massachusetts,
ii. 328.

Dixon, John, t ii. 310.

Divinity, Professor of in the University at
Cambridge, ii. 228.

Divisions of land, the early, i. 161, 162,
163, 184.

Doane's Island, i. 158.

Dobb's Ferry, i. 325.

Dolan, John, i. 357.

Donations to tl\e Hingham Public Li-
brary, ii. 144, 145, 151, 152, 154.

Donavan, John R., i. 361.

Donnelin, Patrick, i. 357.

Donnells, Reuben, i. 262.

Door-blind and sash manufactory, ii 165.

Dorby, sermon at the ordination of Rev.
Jonathan, h. 204.

400

Index to History.

Dorchester Heights, works constructed

on, i. 291 ; other references to, 318.
Dorchester, oration delivered and sermons

preached at, ii. 203, 215, 229.
Dorr, Charles A., t ii. 311.

Dorson, Joseph, i. 293.

Douty, George (Falmouth), i. 312.

Dow, Isaac M., i. 342 ; U. S. N., 365.

Dow, Levi H., i. 342, 356.

Downer, James M., i. 345.

Downer Landing, address delivered in the
pavilion at, ii. 203 ; its varied attrac-
tions, and other references to, 250.

Downer, Samuel, § ii. 203.

Downes, Henry B., i. 366.

Draft, enforcement of the, i. 355, 356.

Draining the low lands, ii. 186.

Dramatic clubs, local, ii. 306.

Drift deposits, i. 50, 51.

Drum corps, ii. 303.

Drumlins, or lenticular hills, i. 51.

Drummers in the army, i. 216 (3), 236,
244, 277, 278, 279, 280 (2), 282, 283, 286,
291 (2), 292, 297, 298, 299, 300, 310, 311,
315, 319, 321, 323.

Dudleian Lecture, text at the, 206.

Dunbar, Amos, i. 310, 323 (2).

Dunbar, Benjamin, i. 292.

Danbar, Daniel, i. 310, 319, 323.

Dunbar, Elisha, i. 309.

Dunbar, Enoch, i. 299, 310 (2), 323, 333;
Jr., 335.

Dunbar, George, i. 342 ; 2d Lieut., 361.

Dunbar, Hosea, i. 255, 309, 319, 335.

Dunbar, Jacob, i. 267, 279, 282, 292, 318.

Dunbar, James D., i. 344.

Dunbar, Jesse, i. 278, 282, 284.

Dunbar, John, i. 237.

Dunbar, Joseph, i. 255.

Dunbar, Joshua, i. 258, 259, 282, 284.

Dunbar, Melzar, i. 279, 282, 310, 319, 323.

Dunbar, Obed, i. 283.

Dunbar, Peleg, i. 333.

Dunbar, Peter, Lieut , i. 319, 329.

Dunbar, Robert, i. 265, 266.

Dunbar, Samuel, i. 263, 335.

Dunbar, Samuel, * § I). D., ii. 28, 203.

Dunbar, Seth, i. 265, 268.

Dunbar, Solomon, i. 263 ; Jr., 265.

Dunbar, William, Jr., death of, i. 343.

Dunham, George C., i. 362.

Dunn, Patrick, i. 316.

Dushen. Peter, i. 317.

Dustin, James S., i. 343.

Dwellings, first location of Hingham, i.
213.

Dwelly, George C. (Hanover), i. 342.

Dwelly, Hosea (Hanover), i. 342.

Dwelly, Joseph, i. 262.

Dyer, E. Porter, * § ii. 67, 203.

Dyspepsia, address before the Massachu-
setts Medical Society, on American, ii.
222.

Eagle Iron Foundry, proprietors of, and
other references to the, ii. 159.

" Eagle," the steamboat, ii. 244.

Eames (Emes), Anthony, Lieut., Capt., i.

217,230; ii. 5, 12.
Early brethren of Old Colony Lodge of
Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, ii.
290, 291.
Early controversy in Hingham, Win-

throp's account of the, ii. 5-16.
Early customs relating to burials, ii. 377.
Early market-places, communication by

water with the, ii. 241.
Early settlers of Hingham, the, i. 201-

208.
Early stage-coaches, ii. 257.
Easton, Fergus A., i. 341; Lieut., 360,

307.
Ecclesiastical History, ii. 1-82.
Ecclesiastical History of New England,

review of the, ii. 80.
Edes, Robert T., t ii. 311.
Edmands, Thomas F., Lieut.-Col., i. 374.
Edmonds, John J., i. 344.
Edson, Josiah, i. 366.
Education, a discourse on, ii. 198.
Education, chapter on, ii. 83-154.
Education of girls, special provisions

made for the, ii. 90,95.
Eel River, i. 184.
Eel-River Lane, i. 185.
Eells (Eelles), Nathaniel, * of Scituate, i.

251 ; ii. 40, 43, 344.
Egrey, Daniel, i. 326.
Eichborn, Ernest F., i. 351.
Eldredge, Christopher C, Lieut., i. 339

(2).
Eldredge, David P., i. 363.
Eldredge, John O., i. 348; Lieut., i. 338.
Eldredge, John W., i. 341, 348, 301.
Eldredge, West D., i. mQ.
Eldredge, William, i. 365.
Election sermons, ii. 196, 202, 203, 204,

211, 212, 217, 219, 223, 345.
Ellery, William (Boston), i. 312.
Elm Tree at Rocky Nook, sermon preach-
ed under the old, i. 194, 329.
Eloquence, professor of pulpit, ii. 353.
Endicott, company commanded by Capt ,

i. 300.
Engagement at Concord Bridge, i. 281,

289.
Engine companies, fire, ii. 257-259.
English tongue, penalty for not teaching

the, ii. 83.
Enlistments for the town's quota, i. 349,

350.
Enos Ledge, i. 158.
Episcopal services in Hingham, early, ii.

71,72.
Equalization of the schools, ii. 95.
Escaped prisoners, i. 252, 258, 259, 200.
Essex Agricultural Society, address be-
fore the, ii. 222.
Estimated benefits of Water-works for

private and public use, ii. 203.
Eugene Fromentin, Painter and Writer

(translation), ii. 222.

Index to History.

401

Eulogy (Masonic) "in memory of our
illustrious brother, George Washing-
ton," ii. 291.

European Capitals, sketches of, ii. 230.

Evacuation of Boston, i. 204.

Evangelical Congregational Society of
Hingham, the, ii. 07-69.

Evans, Edwin G., i. 351.

Everson, Erancis W. (Weymouth), i. 342.

Every-day details of the early settlers, i.
207.

Ewell, Jacob A., i. 351.

Ewell, Lendal Hanscom, i. 366.

Ewer, Henry S., i. 341, 348.

Exciting years in Hingham steamboating,
ii. 248, 249, 250.

Exhibition of fire companies, ii. 259.

Exhibitions of the Hingham Agricultural
and Horticultural Society, ii. 189, 190.

Expeditions to the West Indies, military,
i. 251.

Expedition to the Great Salt Lake,
Stransbury's, ii. 209.

Expenditure of the town (in 1775), i. 275.

Exports and imports, ii. 198.

Extension of the South Shore Railroad
to Duxbury, ii. 255, 25G.

Extract from a letter to the " Hingham
Patriot," July 16, 1847, giving an impres-
sion made by our schools, ii. 96.

Extracts from a law of 1642 and 1647
respecting children and youth, ii. 83, 84.

Extracts from the " Hingham (England)
Deanery Magazine," ii. 73.

Extracts, The Young Ladies' Selection
of Elegant, ii. 220.

Fairfield, Moses, i. 357.

Fair held by the Derby scholars, ii. 138.

Fair in aid of the erection of Loring Hall,

ii. 279.
Falmouth, Joseph, i. 312.
Fardy, Robert F., U. S. N., i. 365.
Fardy, William, i. 348.
Fares to and from Boston, reduction of,

ii. 248, 250.
Farmers' homes in olden times, the incon-
veniences of, ii. 185.
Farm Hills, i. 184.
Farm implements, contrast between the

past and present of, ii. 186, 187.
Farm improvements, ii. 186.
Farrar, George W., i. 357.
Farrell, Richard J., death of, i. 362.
Farroll, Thomas M., i. 366.
Farrington, John A., i. 361.
Farrow, David, i. 263; Jr., 292.
Farrow, Jonathan, i. 265, 266, 267, 299,

310.317,318,321; Jr., 321.
Fast, April 3, 1834, a sermon preached on

the morning of the annual, ii. 213.
Fast-day discourse before the First Parish

in Hingham, ii. 220 (2).
Fast-day sermon on account of the war

with Great Britain, ii. 202.
Fast proclamations, ii. 194, 195 (4).

vol. i. — 20*

Fast, the national, a sermon occasioned
by the death of President William
Henry Harrison, ii. 221.
Faxton, John, i. 237.

Fazzen, , i. 310.

Fearing, Abel, i. 291,297, 298, 315, 316.
Fearing, Albert (the Honorable), ii. 146—

151, 189, 190.
Fearing, Edwin, 3d Lieut., i. 339.
Fearing, Ezekiel, i. 335.
Fearing, George J., i. 361.
Fearing, George W., i. 342, 350.
Fearing, Hawkes, i. 315, 340; clerk, 291.
Fearing, Hawkes, Jr., Capt, Lieut. -Col ,
Colonel, Representative, Commander of
Post 104, G. A. R., Librarian H. P. L.,
i. 339, 340, 341, 363, 367 ; ii. 154.
Fearing, James, i. 258, 293.
Fearing, John, i. 263, 293 ; Lieut., Capt.,

331, 333.
Fearing, Martin, Lieut., Capt., Major, i.

332.
Fearing, Nathaniel, i. 278, 291, 315.
Fearing, Perez F., mortally wounded, i.

353.
Fearing, Samuel, Lieut., Capt., i. 336.
Fearing, Samuel L., Lieut., i. 337.
Fearing, Shubael, i. 277, 291, 297, 298,

315, 316.
Fearing, Thomas, Lieut., i. 279, 291, 297,

323; 2d Lieut., Capt, 329, 331, 340.
Fearing, William, 4th Lieut., i. 339.

Fearing, , i. 277.

Fearing's Bridge, i. 196.
Federal and Republican lines of Packets
early in the present century, ii. 242,
243.
Fee, Michael, death of, i. 344.
Felt makers, ii. 178.
Female schools established, ii. 89, 90.
Female teachers, first mention of, ii. 88.
Feres, Jno., i. 237.
Fernando, Adam (Boston), i. 312.
Ferry, Anthonv, and his family (Acad-

ians), i. 256, 257.
Fidelity and usefulness, the life of

William Burr, ii. 200.
Field and garden vegetables of America,

ii. 201.
Fifers in the army, i. 278, 279, 280 (2), 282,
283, 286, 291 (2), 292, 297, 299 (2), 300,
310, 316, 323, 341.
Fife and Drum Corps, the Hingham, ii.

303.
Fire-arms required at all public assem-
blies, i. 213, 216.
Fire buckets, former use of, ii. 305, 306.
Fire companies, first exhibition of Hing-

liam, ii. 259.
Fire department, history of the Hingham,

ii. 257, 260.
Fire engines of Hingham, by whom built
and where located ; captains of, ii. 257-
259.
Fire Insurance Company, the Hingham
Mutual, ii. 271.

402

Index to History.

Fires, early methods to protect from ;
fines ordered if ladders are not kept in
readiness by every householder, ii. 257.

Fires in Hingham, i. 172; ii. 143, 145, 155,
158, 159(2), 160, 161,381.

Fire Society, the Hingham Mutual, ii.
305, 300.

Fire wards appointed ; their badge of
office, ii. 257.

First corps of cadets ; date of organiza-
tion, disbandment, and re-organization ;
veteran officers of the corps who served
in the Civil War, i. 373, 374.

First parish in Hingham, ii. 1-37; the
two hundredth anniversary of the
building and opening of its meeting-
house, 211 (2), 219.

First preceptor of the Derby Academy, ii.
129, 138.

First settlers, monument erected to the,
ii. 370.

First town-meeting of the early settlers, i.
203.

Fishes. See Notes on Animal Life, i. 80,
81.

Fish-flakes for curing cod and hake, loca-
tion of, ii. 173.

Fishing as a local industry from 1750 to
1850 (excepting during the Revolution
and the War of 1812) a prominent
pursuit; persons engaged in the busi-
ness, ii. 171-173.

Fish-kits, manufacturers of, ii. 174.

Fiske, Robert T. P., t surgeon, i. 337 ; ii.
311.

Fitchburg, sermons preached and address
delivered at, ii. 213(2), 215.

Fitzgerald, James, death of, i. 344.

Flanders, a negro, i. 265.

Flax and hemp grown to make the family
clothing, ii. 182.

Flemming, Michael, i. 357.

Flint, company of Capt., i. 313.

Flint, Jacob, * ii. 37, 38 ; a discourse de-
livered at the interment of Rev. Jacob,
ii. 200.

Flint, a sermon preached at the installa-
tion of Rev. James, ii. 202.

Floating Bridge, the, ii. 246.

Flour and grain mills at the harbor, and
at Weir River, ii. 155, 160.

Flowers of the field and forest, ii. 225.

Foley, Thomas, i. 357.

Folsom's Island, i. 106.

Ford, Robert, i. 312.

Forest Sanctuary, i. 191.

Forrester, Peter, i. 357.

Fort early erected to defend Hingham
Harbor, i. 372.

Fort Edward reached by Lieut. Jeremiah
Lincoln, i. 260.

Fort Frontenac surrendered to the Eng-
lish, i. 266.

Fort Hill, i. 182.

Fort Hill Cemetery, organization of the,
ii. 361,362.

Fort Independence, Capt. Humphrey's

Company stationed at, i. 334.
Fortress Monroe, the Lincoln Light In-
fantry arrive at, i. 341.
Forts of the early settlers, i. 225, 226, 227,

229.
Fort, the old, i. 189.
Fort William Henry, dirty condition of,

and Massacre at, i. 255, 259, 261, 287.
Foster, company of Capt., i. 313.
Foughel, Jonas, i. 317.
Foundry works, iron, ii. 158, 159.
Fourth of July orations, ii 214 (2), 215,

231, 339.
Fowle, John, * ii. 39.
Fox Lane, i. 183.
Frances, Stephen, i. 268.
France, threatened difficulties with, i. 326.
Francis, Converse, * § ii. 203.
Francis, regiment commanded by Colonel,

i. 299.
Francis, Richard, i. 237.
Franey, Michael, i. 361.
Franklin's views concerning religious

worship, Benjamin, ii. 341, 342.
Free Christian Mission, church and soci-
ety of the, ii. 68, 69.
Freeman, Fortune, i. 325.
Freeman, Jack, i. 324, 325.
Freeman, Juba, or Tuba, i. 324.
Freeman, Lewes, i. 324.
Freemont's exploring expedition, appen-
dix A., ii. 209.
French and Indian War, i. 262.
French, Charles E., died a prisoner, i. 354.
French, Daniel, t ii. 312.
French, Ezra, i. 263, 265, 291, 298.
French fleet under D'Estaing, co-opera-
tion of the, i. 304, 317.
French fleet under Count De Grasse, the,

i. 336.
French, George, Jr., i. 348.
French, Henry C., i. 342 ; murdered while

a prisoner, i. 354.
French, James R , i. 349.
French, John J. L., i. 363.
French, Jonathan, i. 279, 282 ; Jr., 291.
French, Joshua, i. 258.
French, Moses, of Weymouth, Capt., i.

309.
French, Nathaniel, Jr., 2d Lieut., Lieut.,

i. 341, 367 ; death of, 347.
French Neutrals (Acadians), i. 255, 256,

257.
French, Samuel, * ii. 345.
French, Seth, i. 255.

French Spoliation Claims, speech in the
House of Representatives on the, ii.
216.
French, Theodore, i. 279, 291, 301.
French, Thomas L, i. 353, 361.
French War, the old, i. 253.
French's Bridge, i. 182.
Fresh River, i. 182.

Frisbie, address at the funeral, and me-
moir of Levi, ii. 218.

Index to History.

403

Frohock, Sylvanus E., * ii. 61.

Frornks, Jonathan, i. 287.

Frothingham, ordination of Frederick, ii.

•225.
Fugitive Slave Law, the Gospel applied

to the, ii. 225.
Fuller, Charles M., acting Master's Mate ;

acting Ensign, U. S. N., i. 364, 368.
Fuller, Tilson, i. 350.
Fulling-mill Brook, Mill, and Pond, i. 196.
Fulling-mill Pond, purchase of, ii. 269.
Fulling-mill, at Beechwood River, at

Crooked-meadow River, and at Fulling-
mill Pond, ii. 157.
Fund given in support of a public High

school in Hingham, ii. 100.
Funeral sermons, ii. 45, 46, 200, 204, 205,

211, 213 (2), 217, 218, 220, 222, 223, 220,

227 (2), 231.
Furness, William H. * § ii. 203.

Galvin, Edward, i. 357.

Gamewell telegraph system of fire alarm,

introduction of the, ii. 260.
Gamopetalous exogens. See The Botanv

of Hingham, i. 107-127.
Gannett, a discourse on the life and char-
acter of Rev. Ezra Stiles, D.D., ii. 213.
Gannett, ordination of Rev. Caleb, ii. 205.
Garden vegetables, and how to cultivate

them, ii. 201.
Gardner, Alexander, i. 333.
Gardner, Alfred, i. 357.
Gardner, Andrew W., i 361, 362.
Gardner, Anthony, i. 333, 335.
Gardner, Calvin, * ii. 345.
Gardner, Castle, i. 312, 313.
Gardner, Charles, i. 335, 360.
Gardner, Charles A. (W. Scituate), i. 342.
Gardner, Constant, i. 333, 335.
Gardner, David, i. 282, 287, 292, 333 ; Jr.,

316, 318.
Gardner, Elijah, i. 284, 310, 314.
Gardner, Elisha, i. 312.
Gardner, Ezra, i. 265, 279, 280, 282, 287,

323.
Gardner, Francis, i. 237, 326.
Gardner, George, i. 344.
Gardner, George D., died in service, i.

354.
Gardner, George L., i. 346.
Gardner, Henrv, i. 353.
Gardner, Henry F., t ii. 312.
Gardner, Henry C. (W. Scituate), i. 342.
Gardner, Hosea, i. 335.
Gardner, Isaac, i. 286, 291, 315, 320, 324.
Gardner, Jacob, i. 282, 284, 312, 322.
Gardner, Jacob H., Jr., i. 344.
Gardner, Jason, i. 353.
Gardner, Jere, i. 279.
Gardner, Jeremiah, i. 292, 311, 318, 323;

Jr., 335.
Gardner, Jesse, i. 279, 335.
Gardner, John D. (W. Scituate), i. 342.
Gardner, John William, death of, and

service, i. 343 365.

Gardner, Jon, i. 323.

Gardner, Jona., i. 310.

Gardner, Jonathan, i. 299, 309, 317, 318,
321.

Gardner, Joshua, i. 287, 299.

Gardner, Josiah, i. 333, 335.

Gardner, Levi, i. 284, 286, 324.

Gardner, Luther, i. 284, 323.

Gardner, Moses, i. 219.

Gardner, Perez, i. 313, 320, 323, 325.

Gardner, Quincy, i. 335.

Gardner, Robert, i. 270,286,292, 299, 316,
317, 321 ; Lieut, 323.

Gardner, Robert D., i. 335.

Gardner, Samuel, i. 279, 292 ; Jr., 335.

Gardner, Stephen, i. 311, 323; Jr., 335;
3d, 292.

Gardner, Warren, i. 335.

Gardner, William, i. 299, 321.

Gardner's )

Garnett's > Beach, i. 178.

Garner's j

Gardner's Bridge, i. 185.

Garfield, lessons from the life of James
A., ii. 211.

Garnet, Benjamin, i. 264.

Garnet, John, i. 2U8.

Garnet, Nathaniel, Jr., i. 265.

Garnet, Josh. i. 279.

Garnett, Norman, i 265.

Garnett, William, i 266

Garnett, 3d , i. 279.

Garrison-houses, i. 187, 215, 225, 228, 231,
232.

Gateman, Frederick, i. 317.

Gay, Ebenezer, * § liberality of his theo-
logical views ; memoir of; sermon deliv-
ered at the meeting-house of the First
Parish in Hingham at the interment of,
ii. 24, 25, 26, 223 ; texts on special oc-
casions and other references to, i. 251 ;
ii. 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 35, 204.

Gay, Ebenezer,} ii. 329, 330.

Gay. Jotham, Capt, Colonel, i. 257, 264,
266, 267.

Gay, letter of Rev. Ebenezer to the breth-
ren of the Third Church, ii. 41,42.

Gay Mansion, the, i. 186.

Gay, Martin, § ii 207.

Gay, Sidney Howard, § ii. 205.

Gazee's Company of Rhode Island Artil-
lery, Hingham men who served in,
i. 323.

Gems, notes on, ii. 199.

Genealogical record of the families of
Hingham, two volumes, ii. 213.

Genealogy of the Spragues in Hingham,
ii. 224.

General Braddock, death of, i. 254.

General Court to be held at Watertown,
i. 275.

General Hancock, the State militia under,
i. 309.

General Heath, Hingham men under his
command ; ordered to New York with
five regiments, i. 283, 290, 294, 323.

404

Index to History.

General Knox, i. 329.
General Lincoln. See Lincoln, Benjamin.
General Montgomery, killed, i. 283.
General Putnam (and Ward), enters Bos-
ton, i. 294.
General Spencer of the Continental army,

i. 294.
General Ward, remains in Boston with

five regiments for its protection, i. 294.
General Washington, enters Boston at the

head of the army, i. 294. See also 290,

301, 313, 330 ; ii. 215, 227.
General Webb's request for militia for

the relief of Fort William, i. 263.
General Winslow's little army unfit for

duty after its retreat from the Narra-

gansett country, i. 239.
Genera of the plants of the United States,

ii. 224.
Genuineness of the Gospels, evidences of

the, ii. 218, 219.
Geological collection, embracing speci-
mens of all the rocks of Hingham,

ii. 154.
Geological

209, 210.
Geological

formations, surveys, etc. ii.

Parish of
<», 73.

Society of

9,

survey and palaeontology of

Wisconsin, ii. 209.
Geology and palaeontology of Ohio, ii. 209.
Geology of Hingham, the, i. 1-74.
George, Elijah, Capt. and Judge-advocate,

i. 374.
Germantovvn, the retreat to, i. 314.
Gerrish, regiment of Colonel Jacob, i. 319.
Gerry, Ivery B , Capt., i. 338.
Gesbuct, Lieney, i. 31(3.
Gettysburg, killed at, i. 343.
Gibbons, Edward, Major, i. 217.
Gifts rare and valuable to the

St. John the Evangelist, ii. "•
Gifts to the United Social

South Hingham, ii. 78.
Gilbert, Israel, i. 253, 258, 259.
Gilbert (Nath., Nathan), Nathaniel, i

292, 297, 300.
Gilbert, Samuel, i. 253.
Gilford, Paul, i. 237, 249.
Gill, a discourse on the death of

Hannah, ii. 220.
Gill, Caleb, Jr., Lieut., Capt., i.
Gill, Caleb B., 2d Lieut., death

367.
Gill, Elijah B., Jr., Lieut., i.

death of, 343.
Gill, Hingham men in the regiment of

Colonel, i. 310, 313.
Gill, John, i. 291, 299, 301, 315.
Gill, Nathaniel, i. 291, 315, 343.
Gill, Samuel, i. 238,279, 282, 301

291.
Gill, Thomas, i. 201, 287, 300,

255.
Gilman, Edward, pressed to be a soldier

i. 250.
Gilman, Frank H., i. 300.
Gilman, John, \ ii. 330.

337.
of, i.

Mrs

363,
367;

; Jr., 263,
301; Jr.,

Gilman, William M., i. 3G1.

Girls, early provisions made for the edu-
cation of, ii. 90, 95.

Glacial period, traces of it on the surface
of the town, i. 50.

Glad Tidings Literary Union, formation
and sketch of the, i. 300.

Glad Tidings Plain and Rock, i. 195.

Glass Kock, i. 191.

Gleason, Benjamin, § ii. 207.

G lines, Alvin li., i. 354.

Gloucester, ordination sermon delivered
at, ii. 231.

God, a sermon on the manifestation of,
ii. 221.

Godfrey, Josiah (Abbingtown), i. 280.

Godfrey, Samuel, i. 286.

God's commandments and man's tradi-
tion, i. 217.

Golden or Gould, Daniel (Falmouth),
i. 312.

Goodwin, Isaac F., i. 350.

Goold, Caleb, i. 293.

Goold, Robert, i. 293.

Goold's Bridge, i. 181.

Goold's, or Gold's, Lane, i. 181.

Goose Point, i. 175.

Gordon, Charles, t Surgeon's Mate, i. 338;
ii. 312.

Gordon, Timothy, Capt., i. 366, 367.

Gordon, William, t Surgeon, i. 332, 336;
ii. 312, 313, 326.

Gordon, William Alexander, t ii- 313.

Gorman, James, i. 366.

Gorman, John, i. 303.

Gorman, John G , i. 366.

Gosling, Thomas (Boston), i. 312.

Gospel narratives, the, ii. 217.

Gospels, a translation of the, ii. 219.

Gottchell, Edward, U. S. N., i. 365.

Gould, Lincoln, i. 337.

Gould, Stephen P., i. 348.

Gould, William K., i. 355, 356.

Government Island, i. 158.

Governor's Hill, i. 168.

Governors of Massachusetts who were
natives or residents of Hingham, ii 327,
334, 338. See also chapters on Mili-
tary and Publications.

Graduates of colleges. See Lawyers,
Ministers, and Physicians.

Grace, Robert, i. 358.

Gramburg, George, i. 358.

Grammar schools, early law concerning,
ii. 84, 98 ; transfer of, 89.

Grampuses, the, i. 158.

Grand Army Hall, erection of the, i. 369.

Grand Army Posts of Suffolk, oration be-
fore the, ii. 215.

Granite, its exposures and variations of
character, i. 24.

Grant of one half township of land in the
district of Maine to the trustees of
Derby Academy, ii. 132.

Grants by the Town to the trustees of the
Hingham Public Library, ii. 148.

Index to History.

405

Grape Island affair, i. 288, 289 ; the Eng-
lish driven from the island, i. 373.

Graves, Edward O., i. 346, 359 (2).

Graves, Herbert (W. Scituate), i. 342.

Gravestone, the oldest in Hingham,
ii. 369.

Gray, James W., i. 3G2.

Gray, John, Jr. (Boston), i. 312.

Great Hill, i. 182.

Great Lots, i. 181.

Great Neck, i. 159.

Greaton, regiment of Colonel, i. 283, 313,
316, 327.

Great Rock, i. 191.

Great Pasture, i. 194.

Great Plain, i. 194.

Great Swamp, i. 169.

Greenhill Beach, i. 165.

Greenleaf, Daniel, t i. 314.

Green, opinion in the case of Edward W.,
ii. 195.

Green, Samuel (Boston), i. 312.

Green, sermon at the ordination of Rev.
Joseph, ii. 204.

Gridley, Richard, Colonel, his regiment of
"Train," i. 258, 289, 291.

Griffin, Thomas, i. 366.

Griggs, John (Boston), i. 312.

Grist mills, ii. 155-158.

Groovings and 6triation of the rocks,
i. 52.

Grose, Dexter, i. 350.

Gross, Isaac, i. 258, 203, 265, 266, 2G7,
287.

Ground first broken for the Hingham
Water-works, when and by whom,
ii. 267.

Grover, George A., i. 341, 346 ; fireman
U. S. N., i. 365.

Groves, Litchfield's, Old Colony, and
Tranquillity, i. 197 ; ii. 245, 248.

Guardship, died on a, i. 326.

Gulf or Gulf Stream, and mill, i. 159.

Gull Ledge, i. 158.

Gulph Island, i. 158.

Guns, or fowling-pieces, made in Hing-
ham, ii. 160.

Gurney, Jacob (Boston), i. 312.

Gypsy moth, lecture upon the, ii. 235.

Hackett, Edward, i. 366.

Halcro, Edward W., Acting Ensign U. S.
N., i. 364, 368 ; died in hospital, 364.

Hale, Edward Everett, * § ii. 208.

Hall, Ephraim, i. 254.

Hall, James, Capt, i. 327.

Hall, James, § ii. 208.

Hall, Mark, i. 306.

Hall, Nathaniel, t ii. 314.

Hall's shipyard, i. 174 ; ii. 169, 170.

Hamlin, company of Capt. Eleazer, i.
290.

Hammer, hatchet, and edge tool manu-
factories, ii. 159.

Hammond (Hamen), Joseph, i. 291, 315,
332.

Hanaford, Phebe A., * § ordination and in-
stallation of, ii. 193, 201 ; sermon by,
210.
Hancock, John, Governor, Major-General
of the Massachusetts Militia, and Presi-
dent of Congress, i. 270, 317.
Hancock, sermon at the funeral of Rev.

John, ii. 204.
Hanover, an oration pronounced on the

Fourth of July at, ii. 220.
Harden, Hosea, i. 303.
Harding, a sermon preached the Sunday
after the funeral of Mrs. Elizabeth
Andrews, ii. 213.
Ilardman, Charles (Boston), i. 312.
Hardy, Otis C, i. 366.
Harlow, Jonathan E., t ii. 314.
Harlow, William B. (Hanover), i. 342.
Harmon, Byron R , t ii. 315.
Harnesses and Saddlery, ii. 168.
Harrison, a sermon occasioned by the
death of (President) William Henry,
ii. 221.
Hart, Eben, i. 359.
Hart, Henry, i. 361.
Hartman, Matthias, i. 255.
Harvard College, Overseer of the board

of, and tutor in, ii. 337.
Harvard College, a speech before the

Overseers of, ii. 218.
Harvard Divinity School, a brief history

of the, ii. 225.
Harvard Republican meeting, address at

the, ii. 216.
Harvard University, a benefactor of, ii.

316.
Harvard University, eulogy at the inter-
ment of Rev. Samuel Webber, D. D.,
President of, ii. 228.
Haskell, James M., i. 341 ; death of, 348.
Hassel, Robert, * ii. 47.
Hassell, Ralph, i. 260, 266 (Has well 267),

269.
Hassell, Thomas, i. 312.
Hatch, J. L., * ii. 47.
Hatch, sermon at the ordination of Rev.

Nymphas, ii. 213.
Hatch, Walter, 2d Lieut., Lieut., i. 307,

323, 329.
Hatch, Warren, Jr., i. 348.
Hatchet factory, ii. 159.
Hatchfield, Benjamin, U. S. N., i. 365.
Hats, manufacturers of, ii. 178.
Hawke, James, i. 250.
Hay crop, importance of the, ii. 182.
Hayden, Benjamin, Lieut., i. 270.
Hayes, James, i. 366.
Hayes, John H., i. 362.
Haynes, Albert S., i. 342 ; death of, 354.
Hay ward, Gideon, i. 257.
Hayward, James, t ii- 315.
Hay ward, James, i. 260, 262, 266, 207, 282,

287,321, 325 (2).
Hayward, James, Jr., i. 282, 284.
Hayward James, died at West Point, i.
314.

406

Index to History.

" Hazard," the armed brig, i. 322, 327.
Healey, James J., i. 343.

Heard, t ii. 315.

Hearse, first used in Hingham, ii. 377.
Heath, regiment of General, i. 283, 290,

294, 323.
Helms, Charles, i. 301.
Hemlock Swamp, i 182.
Hemp and Max, clothing made by the

early settlers from, ii. 185.
Henderson, Samuel J., i. 348.
Henley, regiment of Colonel, i. 317.
Henry, Adam (Boston), i. 312.
Heronry, The, i. 171.
Hersey, Abijah, i. 267, 278, 315.
Hersey, Abner,t ii. 315.
Hersey, Abner, Capt., i. 332.
Hersey, Albert, i. 354.
Hersey, Alfred C, Lieut., Capt., i. 337.
Hersey, Bela S., Lieut., i. 339.
Hersey, Bradford, i. 278, 291, 315.
Hersey, Caleb, Lieut., Capt., i. 338.
Hersey, Daniel, i. 282, 312, 313, 320, 323.
Hersey, David, i. 282, 284, 310, 311, 319,

322.
Hersey, Edmund, § ii. 181.
Hersey, Edwin, i. 342, 348, 361.
Hersey, Ezekiel, i. 299, 318, 321, 322, 323.
Hersey, Ezekiel, t ii. 315, 316.
Hersey, Francis, i. 351.
Hersey, George L, i. 354.
Hersey, Gilbert, i. 278, 291, 298.
Hersey, Henry Edson, \ ii. 331.
Hersey, Henry W., U. S. N., i. 365.
Hersev, Hollis, death of, i. 351.
Hersey, Isaac, i. 279, 293, 297.
Hersey, Isaiah, i. 278, 282 (297, 298, Jr.),

315, 318, 323.
Hersey, Israel, i. 279, 292, 323.
Hersey, James, t ii. 316.
Hersey, Jeremiah, i. 287 (2), 301, 315, 323,

Jr., 278, 286(2).
Hersey, John, i. 286, 287, 299, 316, 318,

323 ; Jr., Lieut., 333.
Hersey, John Q., died in the service, i.

348.
Hersey, Jonathan, i. 279, 282, 284, 310, 322.
Hersey, Joshua, i. 271, 272, 292 ; Jr., Capt.,

Major, 337, 339.
Hersey, Laban, Capt., Lieut. -Col., Colonel,

i. 332, 333, 336.
Hersey, Nathan, t ii. 316.
Hersey, Nathaniel, i 335.
Hersev, Noah, i. 278, 286, 315; 2d Lieut.,

286."
Hersey, Peter, i. 277, 280, 286, 311, 323.
Hersey, Reuben, i. 278, 280, 292, 297, 318.
Hersey, Seth, Lieut., i. 332.
Hersey, Seth S., i. 335; Lieut., Capt.,

336 (2).
Hersey, Thomas, i. 255; Capt., 261, 291,

292 329.
Hersey, William H., i. 353.
Hersey, William, Jr., i. 237, 348.
Hersey, Zadock, i. 278, 280, 282, 291, 297,

300, 315, 323.

Hersey, Zerubbabel, i. 278, 287.

Hersey's Bridge, i. 197.

Hersey's Wharf, i. 174.

Hervey, Thomas, killed at Bisland, La.,
i. 353.

Hessian, deserters, i. 317.

Hewitt's (or Huet's) Cove, i. 179.

Hickev, James, i. 360.

Hickey, Thomas, 2d Lieut., i. 359, 360,
367.

Hicks, Lawrence, i, 357.

Higgins, Sylvanus H., i. 353.

High Hills, i. 184.

High School, establishment of the Hing-
ham ; number of scholars and teach-
ers; other references to the, ii. 98, 99,
100.

High School Industrial Society, ii. 100.

High Street Cemeterv, ii. 363-365.

Hill, Alonzo,*§ ii. 210.

Hill, Joseph, i. 284.

Hill, Thorph. Burr's, i. 191.

Hillarston, William, i. 366.

Hilliard, Timothy,* § ii. 210.

Hilton, Joseph H., i. 362.

Hilton, William, i. 361.

Hinckley, Edward Bourne,* i. 366.

Hingham, Address to the Respectable In-
habitants of, ii. 228.

Hingham, a garrisoned town early in the
revolution, i. 373.

Hingham Agricultural and Horticultural
Society, act of incorporation ; erection
of Agricultural Hall ; first officers
chosen ; life membership ; monthly
meetings; property of the society;
the annual exhibitions, ii 188-191.

Hingham, a military post, i. 294, 328.

Hingham and Hull, garrisoned in the
Revolution, i. 284.

Hingham and Quincy Bridge and Turn-
pike Corporation ; acts of incorporation
and dissolution ; officers, and toll-gath-
erer of the, ii. 385, 386.

Hingham Bank; date of its establishment
and continuance as a State Bank ; re-
duction of its capital and change in the
par value of shares; National Banks
authorized by Congress ; charter of the
Hingham National Bank ; par value of
shares changed by the reduction of its
capital; officers, list of, ii. 273, 274.

Hingham Bank ; report to the stockhold-
ers of the, ii. 233.

Hingham Brass Band ; first organization
of the, and commencement of re-
hearsals ; instruments procured ; list
of leaders and members, past and pres-
ent, ii. 300, 301.

Hingham Cemetery, ii. 365-368.

Hingham Centre Cemetery, ii. 371-374.

Hingham Choral Society, organized in
1885; conductors, membership of cho-
rus and orchestra, and works rehearsed
by the, ii. 302, 303. See also The
Hingham Choral Society.

Index to History.

407

Hingham Companies at Dorchester
Heights, i. 291, 292.

Hingham Company in General Heath's
regiment, i. 282.

Hingham Company on duty in Hingham
for sea-coast defence, i. 293, 294.

Hingham Company stationed at Hull,
i. 287.

Hingham Co-operative Bank ; charter
granted and by-laws adopted ; officers ;
real estate loans; shares issued, and
total assets of the bank, ii. 277-279.

Hingham [England] Deanery Magazine;
extracts from the, ii. 73.

Hingham Debating Society, ii. 299.

Hingham, early removals from, i. 203.

Hingham, early settlers of, i. 201-208.

Hingham, garrison duty in, i. 328.

Hingham Gazette, Journal and South
Shore Advertiser, and Patriot, ii. 238-
240.

Hingham Harbor, its boundaries and
islands, i. 2.

Hingham, history of the town of (1827),
ii. 214.

Hingham, Hull, and Downer Landing
Steamboat Company, ii. 251.

Hingham Institution for savings, incor-
poration and organization of the; long
and faithful service of its treasurers ;
officers ; the benefits and usefulness of
savings institutions, ii. 275, 276, 277.

Hingham, Indian deed conveying the
township of, i. 204-206.

Hingham in the Civil War, ii. 201, 213;
statistics relating to, i. 3G7.

Hingham men ; at Fort William Henry,
i. 255; who fought under the king's
colors against the French, 269; who
died in the Canada expedition, 294;
and who manned the works at Hull,
294-296.

Hingham Mutual Fire Insurance Com-
pany, acts of the Legislature concern-
ing the ; amount of property insured ;
officers of the company ; risks, the
kind and limit of, ii. 271-273.

Hingham Mutual Fire Society, ii. 305,
306.

Himiham.one of the battle-grounds of the
Revolution, i. 289.

Hingham, oration and address at the two
hundred and fiftieth anniversarj' of the
settlement of, ii. 214, 216; other ad-
dresses, lectures, and sermons delivered
before the inhabitants of, 210 (2), 21 1(6),
212, 213 (3), 214, 216, 219, 220 (3), 221
(9), 222, 223 (2), 228.

Hingham, population from 1765 to 1890
of. ii. 379.

Hingham Public Library, act of the legis-
lature incorporating the ; its prominent
benefactor and donors ; destruction of
the first building by fire, and subse-
quent erection of the present commodi-
ous structure; architects, and builder;

librarians and list of trustees, ii. 144-
154.

Hingham Public Library, address at the
dedication of, ii. 146, 222.

Hingham soldiers at the Battle of Bunker
Hill, i. 289 ; in Philip's War, 237.

Hingham, the original name of, i. 201.

Hingham Union Singing Society, ii. 303.

Hingham Water Company, corporate
members and list of officers of the, ii.
265, 267.

Hisket, James (Boston), i. 312.

Historical Sketch of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church and Society, ii. 64.

Hitchborn, Alexander, t Capt., Asst. Sur-
geon, killed at Chancellorsville, i. 344,
367, ii. 316.

Hitchcock, company of Captain, i. 313.

Hitchcock, Henrv A., i. 366.

Hobart, Bela, i. 335.

Hobart, Caleb, i. 291, 298, 301, 315.

Hobart, Daniel, i. 286, 291, 298, 315.

Hobart, David, Lieut., i. 250.

Hobart, Ebed, i. 335.

Hobart, Edmund, i. 279, 287, 299, 301.

Hobart, Elijah, Capt., killed, i. 363, 367.

Hobart, Hawkes, i. 279, 292, 301 ; Jr., 335.

Hobart, James, i. 264, 286, 291, 298.

Hobart, Japhet, i. 263, 265, 267, 278, 282,
286,287, 298, 300, 301,317.

Hobart, John, i. 267, 278, 298, 318; Jr.,
286, 291, 298.

Hobart, Jona., i. 318.

Hobart, Joseph, i. 287, 312, 319, 320.

Hobart, Joshua, i, 201, 204, 218, 310; Capt.,
219, 237, 264.

Hobart, Nehemiah* ii. 38, 360.

Hobart, Nehemiah, i. 311, 318.

Hobart, Noah, i. 284, 286.

Hobart, Noah, * § ii. 210.

Hobart, Peter, * t i. 181, 202, ii. 1-21,
307.

Hobart, Peter, t i. 327.

Hobart, Peter, i. 287. 292.

Hobart, Samuel, i. 270, 291, 315 ; Lieut.,
Capt., 318, 336.

Hobart, William, i. 301, 315, 318.

Hockley, Hockley Corner, Hockley Lane,
and Hockley Run, i. 181.

Hodge, Wm., i. 258.

Hogpen, The, i. 190.

Hogshead Rocks, i. 158.

Holbrook.John ( Weymouth), Capt., i. 237.

Ilolbrook, Wm., i. 259.

Holden, Amos P., 2d Lieut., i. 348, 867.

Hollis professor of divinity in the univer-
sity in Cambridge, ii. 31, 228.

Hollis, Thomas, i. 255.

Holmes, company of Capt., i. 269.

Home-building and home-owning en-
couraged by the Hingham Co-operative
Bank, ii. 278.

Home Dramatic Club, The, ii. 306.

Home Guards, parade of the, i. 350.

Home Meadows, i.T75, 190.

Homesteads, The, i. 193.

408

Index to History.

Hjme the basis of the State, ii. 222.
Hominy Point, i. 159.
Homoeopathy and Homoeopaths, the rela-
tions of the Massachusetts Medical So-
ciety to, ii. 223.
Homoeopathy as we see it, as the public
sees it, as allopathy sees and uses it,
ii. 223.
Homoeopathic Hospital, house surgeon in

the Massachusetts, ii. 322.
Honored names descended from Hingham

families, i. 206.
Honor, the law of, ii. 229.
Hood, Edward C, * § ii. 210.
Hook and ladder truck; when built and

sold, ii. 259, 2(30.
Hook, Esquir, i. 318.
Hooper, Sewall Henry, \ ii. 331.
Hoop-pole Hill, i. 184.
Horses, statistics relating to the number

of, ii. 183.
Horse, troop of, i. 270.
Horton, Edward Augustus, * § installa-
tion of ; sermons and addresses by, ii. 33,
208, 211.
Hose carriages purchased and placed in

charge of regular companies, ii. 2G0.
House, Elisha, i. 299.
House-lots drawn by the early settlers,

i. 201, 202, 203.
House of Assembly (New Hampshire),

Speaker of the, ii. 331.
House of Representatives, Speaker of

the, i. 219, ii. 338.
Houses destroyed by Indians, i. 232, 247.
Houses, old, i. 180, 181, 215.
Howard, Gideon, i. 267, 283, 299, 301.
Howard, Thomas, and Thomas, Jr., i.

310.
Howell, company of Capt. Luke, i. 321.
Howe, Sereno,* § ii. GO, 211.
How to spend a day, ii. 229.
Huckleberry Plain, i. 184.
Hudson, George M., Lieut., i. 352, 367.
Hudson, Joseph, i. 299.
Hudson, Scarlet, Lieut., i. 332.
Hull, an intermediate landing-place,

ii. 248.
Hull, Hingham men man the works at,

i. 294, 296.
Hull, reference to various military com-
panies serving at, i. 287, 299, 300, 316,
322, 326, 328; other reference, 21G.
See also Nantasket.
Humane Society, a discourse delivered

before the, ii. 201.
Humphrey, Edwin, Lieut., Capt., death

of, i. 343, 367.
Humphrey, George, i. 283.
Humphrey, George E., i. 341, 346.
Humphrey, James, Major, i. 270.
Humphrey, Jesse, i. 286, 287, 299, 312,

320, 324, 325.
Humphrey, Joshua, Lieut, Capt, i. 337.
Humphrey, Micah, i. 267.
Humphrey, Moses, i. 332, 339.

Humphrey, Moses L., Capt., i. 332, 334.

Humphrey, Noah, i. 265, 266, 267, 293.

Humphrey, Thomas, i. 335.

Humphrey, Wallace, killed at Cold har-
bor, i. 348, 361.

Humphreys, , i. 310.

Humphreys, at, i. 167.

Hunt, James, L i. 351.

Hunt, John, i. 287, 297, 301, 316.

Hunt, Laban, i. 286, 297, 310, 315.

Hunt, Luke, i. 284.

Hunt, Matthew, i. 298.

Hunt, Zachariah, i. 316.

Hurley, Jeremiah, i. 366.

Ilusen, Peter (Boston), i. 312, 320.

Hyatt, argument on behalf of Thaddeus,
ii. 194.

Hymns, while in manuscript, adopted by
the Third Congregational Society in
Hingham, ii. 231.

Ice-sheet, passing away of the, i. 64, 65,

66.
Impressed into the British navy, i. 335.
Improvements in farming and farm im-
plements, ii. 186, 187.
Inaugural address of President Jefferson,
ii. 233.

Incapacity of British military comman-
ders, i. 249.

Incorporation of cemeteries. See Burial
Grounds.

Incorporation of the Hingham Water
Company, ii. 265.

Inconveniences and unattractiveness of
the farmer's home in years past, ii.
185.

Increase in the demand for tillage and
wood land after the war of 1812-1815,
ii. 184, 185.

Indenture between Hon. Albert Fearing
and the trustees of the Hingham Public
library, ii. 149,150, 151.

Independence of opinion on religious
tenets a prominent characteristic of the
inhabitants of Hingham, ii. 81.

Independence of the United States ac-
knowledged, i. 329.

Independent company stationed at Hing-
ham, muster-roll of the, i. 286.

Independent Order of Good Templars,
its platform total abstinence for the
individual and prohibition for the State,
ii. 297.

Indian chiefs, territory occupied by prom-
inent tribes of, i. 212.

Indian deed conveying the township of
Hingham to Englishmen, i. 204-206.

Indian path, an old, i. 183

Indian pot and well at Cooper's Island,
i. 160.

Indian pot-holes, or giant's kettles of
foreign writers, i. 53-58.

Indian Rock at Pope's Lane, the, i. 190.

Indians, General Lincoln a commissioner
to treat witli the Creek, i. 305.

Index to History.

409

Indians of Hingham, i. 211, 239, 247 ; not
to be harbored or entertained, 239.

Indian burials and implements, ii. 355.

Influence of railroad transportation and
foreign emigration, within the past
forty or fifty years upon rural life,
i. 208.

Inns. See Taverns.

Installations, ii. 00, 67, 68, 193, 201, 202,
205,208, 211, 292, 293.

Instructions to Hingham Representatives,
i. 272, 302.

Intemperance, a sketch of the evils of,
ii. 220.

Inter-State commerce, speech at Wash-
ington, D. C, concerning, ii. 215.

Introduction of the plough and ox-labor,
ii. 183.

Invalids, a regiment of, i. 313.

Iowa, geology and paleontology of the
State of, ii. 209.

Ireland's wants, ii. 217.

Iron foundry at Thomas's pond, destruc-
tion by fire and rebuilding of, change
of ownership, etc., ii. 158, 159.

Iron foundry, the " Eagle," its proprie-
tors ; destruction of by fire and erection
of new buildings, ii. 159.

Iron mine (so-called), the, i. 191.

Iron-works at "Turtle Island," in the sec-
ond precinct (Cohasset), early records
concerning the, i. 168; ii. 158.

Jack, , a negro, killed in New York,

i. 314.

Jackson, regiment of Colonel Henry,
i. 313.

Jacob, Andrew, i. 346.

Jacob, Benjamin i, 283, 299, 315, 317,324.

Jacob, IC. A. (W. Scituate), i. 342.

Jacob, John, i. 237, 270 ; Capt., 232.

Jacob, John Q., i. 341, 345.

Jacob, Joshua, Jr., i. 353.

Jacob, Peter, Jr., i. 265.

Jacob, William H., i. 342, 354.

Jacobs, Joseph, Lieut., Capt., i. 337, 338.

Jacobs, , Lieut., i. 321.

James, Eleazer, i. 283.

James's Hill and James's Lane, i. 190.

James's River, i. 158.

James's Tavern, Christopher, i. 103.

Jefferson Debating Society of Hingham,
constitution, rules, and list of members
of the, ii. 233.

Jennings, Allen G , * i. 363 ; ii. 47.

Jermyn, Frank, i. 353.

Jernegan, Jared, i. 335.

Jersey prison ship, confined on the, i. 308 ;
died on the, 326.

Jerusalem Road, and its picturesque views,
i. 163-166.

Jerusalem Road Cemetery ; its incorpora-
tion as the Nantasket Cemetery Asso-
ciation, ii. 374.

Jesus Christ, a discourse on the offices
and character of, ii. 228.

Johnson, Commander William, i. 255.

Johnson, Humphrey, i. 232, 237.

Johnson, militia regiment of Colonel, i. 313.

Johnson, Samuel, i. 254.

John's Neck, i. 176.

Joiner's Hill, i. 169.

Jones, Benj., i. 293.

Jones, Benjamin L., i. 341 ; U. S. N. 365.

Jones, Consider, i. 203.

Jones, Gardner, i. 353, 361 ; died of wounds

received at Laurel Hill, 353.
Jones, George, i. 360.
Jones, Henry, i. 345; Captain, 362.
Jones Island, i. 166.
Jones, John, i. 279, 291, 293, 315, 316.
Jones, Joseph, i. 255, 267, 286, 323.
Jones, Solomon, Lieut., Capt., i. 331, 333.
Jones, Thomas, i. 253, 293, 297, 315, 316;

Jr., 277, 291; Capt., 270.
Jones, William, i. 351.
Jones, William H., i. 345 ; died of wounds,

360.
Jones, William H. Jr., i. 342 ; death of,

345.
Joy, Abner, i. 299.
Jov, Benjamin, i. 262, 279, 282, 292, 293,

297, 298, 301, 311, 315, 316, 317.
Joy, Caleb, i. 264, 300.
Joy, Ebenezer, i. 316.
Joy, Isaac, i. 260.
Joy, Jacob, i. 317.
Joy, Jared, i. 273, 283, 326.
Joy, Jedediah, i. 299, 319.
Joy, Melzer, i. 283.
Joy, Nathaniel, i. 265, 267.
Joy, Nehemiah, i. 260, 263.
Joy, Samuel, clerk, i. 255.
Joy, Silas, Jr., i. 292, 293, 297, 298.
Joy, Thomas, i. 317, 318.
Joy's Corner, Joy's Hill, and Joy's Rocks,

i. 166, 168.
Judge Associate of the Old Norfolk

County Court, ii. 330.
Judge of Probate, ii. 339 ; for Worcester

County, 333.
Justice of the Court of Common Pleas,

ii. 330.
Justice of the Police Court, Boston, ii.

329.
Justice, righteousness, fair dealings, and

the love of home among the prominent

characteristics of the early settlers, i.

208.
Jute and Bagging Company, the Hingham,

ii. 176.

Kame hills and hillocks of Hingham, i.
62, 63.

Kame ridges of Hingham, i. 59-62.

Karnes found extensively over New Eng-
land, i. 58, 59.

Keefe, John, i. 357.

Keen, Elisha, i. 205.

Keen, John, i. 263.

Keene, sermon at the installation of Rev.
Ezra Carpenter, preached at, ii. 205.

410

Index to History.

Keen's shipyard, i. 176, ii. 170.

Kelley, Edward, i. 360.

Kelley, Patrick J., i. 361.

Kelsey, Joseph B., i. 360.

Kenerson, Levi, i. 341, 351.

Kennebec, fortifications erected on or near
the, i. 254.

Kenyon, William Asbury, § ii. 212.

Kettle-holes, their origin no longer a puz-
zle, i. 04.

'Kiah Tower's Pond, i. 108.

Kilburn, Charles D. ; died at Hope Church,
Va., i. 349.

Kilburn. George P., i. 343.

Kilhy, Christopher, i. 282, 284.

Kilby, John, i. 283 (2).

Kilby, Richard, i. 283.

Kilby, Thomas (Boston), i. 312.

Killed in battle. See Died or Killed.

Kimball, Daniel,* § preceptor of Derby
Academy ; sermon preached at the
ordination of, as an evangelist, ii. 139,
202, 212.

Kimball's Tavern, i. 161.

Kingman, John, § Capt., i. 337; ii. 212.

Kingo, the Beechwood locality known as,
i. 107.

King Philip, death of, i. 221, 247.

King, Thomas, i. 277, 291, 297, 298, 318.

Kittredge, , i. 300.

Knights of Honor, John A. Andrew Lodge

No. 1655 of; establishment of the order

in Hingham ; its aims and objects, and

number of charter members, ii. 290.

Knowledge, its relation to the progress of

mankind, ii. 225.
Knox's Artificers, i. 313.

Lafayktte, General, i. 314, 317, 320.
" Lafayette," the steamboat, ii. 244.
Lake, Enoch, Lieut., Capt., i. 337.
Lake George, the army leaves, i. 2G0 ;

other reference to, i. 205, 200.
Lambert, Henry, i. 301.
Lambert's Lane, i. 106.
Lambright, John G.,t ii. 317.
Lamman, David, i. 318.
Land, early grants of, i. 202.
Landers, Michael, i. 361.
Landing place at Crow Point in vears past,

ii. 243.
Landing-places at the harbor, i. 174, ii. 244.

See also Wharves.
Landmarks, chapter on, i. 157-200.
Lane, Andrew, i. 237.
Lane, Charles, Lieut., Capt., Major, Col,

onel, i. 337, 338.
Lane, David, i. 292, 293, 297, 298.
Lane, Ehenezer, i. 237.
Lane, Eli, i. 298.
Lane, Elijah, i. 279.
Lane, Elisha, i. 282. 287.
Lane, Ephraim, i. 235, 237.
Lane, George, i. 258 ; Lieut., 267.
Lane, Isaac (Buxton), i. 312.
Lane, Jared, i. 277, 292, 301.

Lane, John, Capt., i. 254.

Lane, Josiah, i. 292; 2d Lieut., 278, 329.

Lane, Josiah M., i. 341.

Lane, Leavitt, i. 317, 324.

Lane, Leavitt, Jr., Lieut., i. 337.

Lane, Morallus, i. 353.

Lane, Parker E. (Weymouth), i. 341.

Lane, Rufus, i. 292, 297, 332.

Lane, Rufus, Jr., 3d Lieut., Paymaster,

i. 338.
Lane, sermon on the death of Josiah, Jr.,

ii. 231.
Lane, William H, i. 366.
Langlee, John, i. 237, ii. 115, 169.
Langlee, Sarah (Madam Derby) ; her per-
sonal appearance, early education, mar-
riages, and place of interment, ii. 115.
Langlee's Island, i. 178.
Langy, a French commander, i. 265.
Lapham, Allen, i. 279.
Lapham, Benjamin, Capt., i. 308, 319, 323,

329.
Larrabee, Isaac, i. 254.
Lasell, Isaac, died in the Canada expedi-
tion, i. 249.
Lasell, John, i. 237, 267.
Lasell, Joshua, i. 253.
Lasell, Samuel, i. 277, 287, 297, 300 (2).
Lavingin, Solomon, i. 326.
Law, George, i. 258.
Lawyers, 1 native and resident, ii. 327-

340.
Leach, Thomas, i. 293.
Leather, dressers and manufacturers of,

ii. 160.
Leatherette manufactory, ii. 103.
Leavitt, Bela, i. 312, 314.
Leavitt, Benjamin, i. 326.
Leavitt, Caleb, i. 258, 267, 280; (Jr., 287)

299, 309, 310, 318, 320 ; Lieut., 280.
Leavitt, Charles B., Lieut., Lieut.-Colonel,

i. 303, 367.
Leavitt, Cushing, i. 336.
Leavitt, Elijah, i. 287.
Leavitt, Elisha, i. 287, 288, 289.
Leavitt, Enoch, i. 320.
Leavitt, Jacob, i. 293 : Lieut, 277, 329.
Leavitt, James, i. 291, 298.
Leavitt, Jos., i. 277.
Leavitt, Joseph, i. 293.
Leavitt, Joshua, i. 280, 297 ; Jr., 292.
Leavitt, Josiah,! ii- 317.
Leavitt, Martin,! ii. 317.
Leavitt, Samuel, i. 277, 287, 292, 318.
Leavitt's Bridge, i. 190.
Lectures before the scholars and youth of
t he town, by Rev. Joseph Richardson,
ii. 91.
Leddy, Peter J., * ii. 80.
Leominster, sermons and address at, ii.

211(4.)
Leroy, Charles, i. 354.
Letter on the system of recruiting volun-
teers, ii. 195.
Letter to the Committee of Merchants in
Boston, i. 272.

Index to History.

411

Letters to Trinitarians and Calvinists,

ii. 227.
Lewis, Abijah, i. 279; Jr.,279.
Lewis, Abiaha, i. 282, 292, 299.
Lewis, Athanasius, i. 286, 287.
Lewis, Daniel* § ii. 28, 212.
Lewis, Elijah, i. 260, 261,265, 267, 269 (2),

286, 299, 316,317, 321,323.
Lewis, Elisha, i. 310.
Lewis, James, i. 319.
Lewis, John, i. 253; (Boston) 312.
Lewis, Jonathan, i. 310.
Lewis, Levi, i. 207,269 (2).
Lewis, Marsh, i. 290, 312, 313.
Lewis, Nathan, i. 269.
Lewis's Inn, i. 190.
Lewis, Thomas, i. 253.
Lewis, Urbane, i. 267, 282, 312.
Lewis, William, i. 286, 308.
Lexington, battle of, i. 281, 287.
Liberty granted to build a chapel on land

near the junction of High and Ward

streets, and report of a committee

chosen by the town relating thereto,

ii. 69, 70.
Liberty of Conscience, a Plea for, ii. 231.
Liberty Plain, i. 185.
Liberty Plain Cemetery, first burial in the ;

oldest person buried here; incorporated

as the Liberty Plain Cemetery Associa

tion ; other references to the, ii. 375,

376, 377.
Liberty Pole Hill, i. 185.
Liberty, The Vision of (a poem), ii. 228.
Libraries of Hingham, past and present,

ii. 1-14-154.
Lieutenant-Governors of Massachusetts,

i. 303, ii. 334, 338.
Life and Character of Joseph C. Smith,

ii. 217.
Life and Character of Rev. Henry Ware,

A Discourse on the, ii. 220.
Life and Memoir of Noah Worcester,

D.D., ii. 229.
Life of Joseph Priestley, LL.D , ii. 229.
Life of Martin Wilder, Sketch of the, ii.

285
Life of the Saviour, The, ii. 229.
Lightfoot, Thomas, i. 324.
Light-horse regiment, Daniel Hersey of

Hingham a trooper in Col. William

Washington's, i. 313.
Lily Pond, i. 168.
Lime Kiln, The, i. 171.
Lincoln, Abel, i. 311.
Lincoln, Abner, preceptor, ii. 129, 138, 141.
Lincoln, Alden, fireman, U. S. N., i. 365.
Lincoln, Alfred A., i. 342, 348.
Lincoln, Amos, i. 273; Capt, 327.
Lincoln, Arthur. 1 ii. 332 ; Capt. and Judge

Advocate, i. 374.
Lincoln, Barnabas, i. 278, 286, 291, 298,

334; § ii. 212.
Lincoln, Bela,t i. 326, ii. 317, 318.
Lincoln, Benjamin, colonel of the Third

Suffolk regiment, i. 257, 263, 265, 266,

269,271,280; Hingham men and offi-
cers connected with the regiment, i. 263,
277, 278.
Lincoln, Benjamin, § Major-General, and
son of Colonel Benjamin, i. 270, 280,
290, 291, 300, 302, 303, 304, '321, 325,
326, 327, 328; attends the Provincial
Congress at Concord, also at Cambridge
and Watertown, 274, 275; date of his
commission as Major-General, 331 ;
wounded in battle, 304 ; sketch of the
life of, 302, 303, 304, ii. 212.

Lincoln, Benjamin, 1 ii. 332.

Lincoln, Benjamin, i. 289, 326.

Lincoln, Benjamin C, Capt., Major, mor-
tally wounded, i. 354, 367.

Lincoln, Beza, i. 301.

Lincoln, Beza H., Q. M. Sergt., i. 363.

Lincoln, Caleb, i. 312, 314.

Lincoln, Calvin, * § ii. 213; address and
services at the funeral of, ii. 199, 211,
226; other reference, ii. 32, 33, 213.

Lincoln, Charles, Lieut., i. 337.

Lincoln, Cornelius, i. 333.

Lincoln, Daniel, Lieut., Capt., L 263, 267,
270.

Lincoln, Daniel S., i. 342; fireman, U. S. N.,
i. 365.

Lincoln, Daniel W. (Weymouth), i- 341.

Lincoln, David, i. 264, 293, 299, 309, 316.

Lincoln, Ebenezer, Jr., i. 293.

Lincoln, Elijah, Lieut , i. 270.

Lincoln, Elisha, i. 263.

Lincoln, Ensign, i. 355.

Lincoln, Ephraim, i. 298, 299.

Lincoln, Ezekiel, i. 287, 308, 310.

Lincoln, Ezra, i. 291 ; Lieut., 333.

Lincoln families of Massachusetts, notes
on the, ii. 214.

Lincoln, Francis H., § ii. 1, 83, 241, 257,
271, 289, 327, 341, 379.

Lincoln, Frederick, i. 287.

Lincoln, Galen, i. 283.

Lincoln, George, § ii. 155, 201, 213 (3),
307, 355.

Lincoln, Gersham, i. 298.

Lincoln, Heman, i. 278, 286 ; Lieut., 298,
323, 329.

Lincoln, Henrv, *§ ii. 213.

Lincoln, Henry, 3d Lieut., i. 339.

Lincoln, Isaac, Lieut., i. 270, 278, 329;
Jr., 263.

Lincoln, Isaiah, i. 278, 287, 298.

Lincoln, Israel, i. 267, 301, 310, 311.

Lincoln, Jacob, i. 318.

Lincoln, Jairus, i. 289, 307, 335 ; Jr., 350.

Lincoln, James, Capt., i. 264, 270, 278,
285, 286, 287, 288, 329, 373 ; Jr., 278,
286.

Lincoln, Jedediah, Lieut., Capt., Major,
i. 331, 333.

Lincoln, Jere (Jeremiah ?), i. 278.

Lincoln, Jeremiah, i. 258 ; Lieut., capture
and escape of, 259, 260.

Lincoln, Jerom, i. 283, 300.

Lincoln, Job, i. 315.

412

Index to History.

Lincoln, John, ii 258, 267, 277, 282, 284 ;

Lieut., 317, 321, 322, 327 ; Capt., 325 (2),

329.
Lincoln, Jolin, Jr., i. 3G3.
Lincoln, John W., i. 346.
Lincoln, Jonathan, i. 278, 2S6, 315.
Lincoln, Joseph, i. 284, 307.
Lincoln, Joshua, i. 291, 298, 315.
Lincoln, Jotliam, i. 280.
Lincoln, Jotliam, \ ii. 332.
Lincoln, Lazarus, i. 298.
Lincoln, Leavitt, died in service, i. 363.
Lincoln, Levi, i. 207, 278 ; fire-worker,

270; Lieut., 291, 329, ii. t 318.
Lincoln, Levi, i § ii. 213, 333.
Lincoln Light Infantry, organization, and

sketch of its history, i. 339-313, 372.
Lincoln, Lot, i. 255, 261, 204 (2), 299,

312, Jr., 315, 324, 325.
Lincoln, Luther, i. 314, 321.
Lincoln, Luther B., ii. 141, 143; a dis-
course preached at the funeral of, 218.
Lincoln, Marshall, Lieut., i. 337.
Lincoln, Matthew, i. 213.
Lincoln, Mitchel, i. 291.
Lincoln, Mordecai, i. 316.
Lincoln, Nath. (Nathan), 2d Lieut., i. 278,

32!).
Lincoln, Nath'l, i. 263, 291 ; Jr., 298.
Lincoln, Noah, sermon preached after the

funeral of, ii. 222.
Lincoln, Obadiah, i. 263.
Lincoln, ordination of Rev. Perez, ii. 231.
Lincoln, Perez, Lieut., Capt., i. 330.
Lincoln, Peter, i. 203.
Lincoln, Revere, i. 300.
Lincoln, Royal, i. 278, 280, 308.
Lincoln, Samuel, i. 224, 253, 254, 307 ;

Jr., 237, 286.
Lincoln, Samuel M., death of, i. 346.
Lincoln, Seth, i. 291, 298, 315.
Lincoln, Solomon, i. 333.
Lincoln, Solomon, \ § Colonel and Aide-
de-camp, i. 374 ; ii. 214, 336.
Lincoln, Solomon, t § »• 24, 43, 50, 1-47,

214, 334-346.
Lincoln's Rocks, the locality known as, i.

173.
Lincoln, Stephen, i. 278, 286, 307.
Lincoln, Thomas, i. 248, 293, 319; Capt.,

250.
Lincoln, Ur— (Urbane, or Uriah ?) i. 298.
Lincoln, Welcome, i. 287, 291, 315.
Lincoln, William, i. 268.
Lincoln, William O., Jr., Com-Sergt., i.

349.
Lincoln, Zenas, i. 298.
Lisle, Henry Maurice, 1 § ii. 215, 337.
Litchfield, Allyne C., Capt., Lieut.,

Colonel, Brevet Brigadier-General, i.

364, 367.
Litchfield, James L., i. 359.
Litchfield, John H., i. 351.
Litchfield's Grove opened for the new

(" People's Independent ") steamboat

line, ii. 248.

Littel or Old Harbour, i. 100.

Little, Henry ()., i. 351.

Little Pond, i. 190.

Litt'e Rock, i. 160.

Little & Morey's Tavern, i. 187.

Livingston, Henry B., died in service, i. 357.

Local newspapers, ii. 238-2 4U.

Local transportation, political feeling
early in the present century and its
effects upon, ii. -!4'J.

Lodges and societies, ii. 289-300.

Log^-ilThe, i. 171.

Log Lane, i. 171.

London Bridge, i. 181.

Long Bridge Lane, i. 196.

Long, John Davis, i § i. 201 , ii. 215, 337,
338 ; Governor and Commander-in-
Chief, i. 374.

Lord Howe, death of, i. 265.

Lorel, Emmanuel (Boston), i. 312.

Loring, Abner, i. 277, 293, 297, 1 ii. 338.

Loring, Benjamin, Colonel, contributes
liberallv towards the erection of Lor-
ing Hall, ii. 279,281,284.

Loring, Charles H., Asst. and Chief En-
gineer U. S. N., i. 364, 368.

Loring, David, i. 279, 282, 287, 310, 318.

Loring Hall, action first taken by the
ladies towards its erection ; address at
the dedication ; deed of trust, dimen-
sions, cost, and trustees of, ii. 225, 279,
282, 284.

Loring, Isaiah W., i. 359.

Loring, Jacob, i. 293.

Loring, Jerome, § ii. 216.

Loring, Job, i. 292.

Loring, Jonathan, i. 292. 316; Jr., 316.

Loring, Joseph, i. 258, 204, 293.

Loring, Josiah, i. 277, 282, 292, 297, 298.

Loring, Jotham, i. 203,322; Lieut., 270 ;
Capt., 279, 283 ; Lieut-Col., 327.

Loring, Meltiah, i. 349.

Loring, Peter, i. 315, 351.

Loring, Samuel, i. 287, 293.

Loring, Samuel W., Lieut., i. 337.

Loring, Solomon, i. 314, 325.

Loring, Thomas, Capt., i. 251.

Loring, Thomas, 3d, and Jr., i. 293, 297.

Loring, Thomas, Pavmaster, i. 332 ; § ii.
217.

Loring, Zachariah, i. 203.

Lothrop, company of Capt. Daniel, i.290.

Lothrop, Thomas, i. 204,205,260; Major,
Lieut, Colonel, 267, 291, 315, 322, 323.

Lothrop, , i. 259.

Loud, Jacob II., t ii. 338, 339.

Loud, Thomas, Quartermaster i. 332.

Louisbourg, reduction and surrender of, i.
264, 295.

Love, James (Boston), i. 312.

Lovell, Silas, i. 255.

Lovell, Solomon, Colonel, Brigadier Gen-
eral, i. 290, 322.

Lovis, Joseph, i. 207, 293.

Low, Daniel, i. 312.

Lowe, Jacob, i. 366.

Index to History.

413

Lowell as it was and as it is, ii. 217.
Lower Plain, boundaries of the locality

known as the, i. 190, 194.
Lowry, James, i. 364.
Lowry, William, Jr., i. 351.
Low, Samuel, i. 287, 310.
Lucas, Matthew 11., i. 360.
Luneand, Charle, i. 283.
Lyford's Liking, and Lyford's Liking Run,

i. 170; 171.
Lvman, Hingham men in the regiment of

"Colonel, i. 318.
Lyon, Joseph, i. 255.

Madam Derby, a higher education en-
joyed by the youth of this town
through the munificence of, ii. 130.

Madison, James, for the American States-
men Series, ii. 200.

Magnor, William, i. 255.

Magoon's Bridge, i. 187.

Maguire, John C, i. 366.

Mahoney, Patrick, i. 306.

Major's Wharf, i. 176; ii. 174.

Maiden, oration at the dedication of the
Converse Memorial Building at, ii. 216.

Malleable Iron Company, ii. 158.

Mammals which include the bear, beaver,
deer, fox, mink, musk-rat, otter, rabbit,
raccoon, squirrel, weasel, and wolf, i.
82-84.

Mammals, which include the porpoise,
seal, and whale, i. 80, 81.

Manix, John, i. 358.

Mann, quotation from Mr. Horace ; his
views concerning a free and universal
education, ii. 89, 90.

Mansfield, Job, i. 267, 320.

Mansfield, John, died in the Continental
service i . o — 1 .

Mansfield, Joseph, i. 293, 297, 315, 310.'

Mansfield's Cove, i. 173.

Mansfield, Stephen, i. 287, 299, 319.

Mansion, a stately old, i. 287.

Mansion of General Lincoln, i. 180.

Manufacture of clothing from flax and
hemp by the farmer's wife and daugh-
ters for the household in olden time,
ii. 185.

Manufactures and commerce of Hing-
ham, chapter on, ii. 155-180.

Manufacturing during the colonial period
hampered by the restrictions of the
home government ; its decline in re-
cent vears, and unsuccessful efforts to
re-establish, ii. 178, 179.

Marble, James, i. 299.

Marble, Joseph, i. 299.

Marble, Thos., i. 299.

March to Westchester, N. Y., Hingham
men, i. 301.

Marriage, controversy concerning a, ii. 16.

Marshall for the District of Massachusetts,
appointment of, by President Harrison,
ii. 335.

Marshall, regiment of Colonel, i. 301.

Marsh, Alphonso, Lieut., i. 356, 367.

Marsh, Caleb, t i. 298, 319; ii. 318.

xMarsh, Caleb B., i. 350.

Marsh, Charles H., death of, i. 343.

Marsh, Elisha, l. 263.

Marsh, Ephraim, i. 263, 267, 286 (2).

Mars Hill, i. 181.

Marsh, John, Jr., i. 286, 287.

Marsh, Josiah L., i. 351.

Marsh, Lot, i. 282, 284.

Marsh's Bridge, i. 181.

Marsh, Thomas, i. 278, 282, 284, 287, 300;

Jr., 278, 291, 298.
Marston, William H., i. 342.
Martha's Vineyard battle-ground, i. 247.
Martin's Lane, the dam and well at, i. 172.
Mason, Jaspar, i. 317.
Masons, Old Colony Lodge of Ancient

Free and Accepted, ii. 289-306.
Massachusetts Government, historical let-
ters on the first charter of the, ii. 202.
Massachusetts Historical Society, mem-
bers of the, i. 205, ii. 335, 337.
Massachusetts Homoeopathic Hospital,

house surgeon in the, ii. 322.
Massachusetts Legislature, addresses be-
fore the, ii. 194 (2), 195 (5), 215 (3).
Massachusetts Medical Society, president

of the, ii. 325.
Massachusetts men in the Continental

army, number of, i. 315.
Massachusetts, Reports of the Chief De-
tective of, ii. 226 (2).
McCandy, Wm. (Falmouth), i. 312.
McCarty, James, i. 348, 361.
McConner, Joseph (Falmouth), i. 312.
McCrane, Patrick, i. 350.
McDonald, John, i. 359.
McFarland, invalid regiment of Colonel,

i. 313.
McGrane, Michael, i. 366.
McGregor, James, i. 357.
Mcintosh, regiment of Colonel, i. 313, 318.
McKay, James, i. 346.
McKenna, Daniel, i. 351.
McLaughlin, Edward, i. 357.
McLaughlin, George, i. 255, 258.
McLaughlin, John, i. 359.
McLean, A. Stewart,* ii. 60.
McLean, Plato (Boston), i. 312.
McLellan, Plato, a negro (Falmouth),

i. 312.
McNamara, James, i. 361.
McNeil, Paul, i. 349.
Massacre at Fort William Henry, i. 287.
Mast and spar makers, ii. 173.
Mast-Bridge Meadows, and Plain, i. 197.
Master of Chancery for Plymouth County,

ii. 335.
Mast Swamp, i. 184.
Mayhew, Francis, i. 359.
Mayhew, John R., i. 351.
Mayhew, sermon and discourse on the de-
cease of Rev. Dr., ii. 200, 205.
Mayhew, sermon at the ordination of
Rev. Jonathan, ii. 204.

414

Index to History.

May, Jonathan, i. 249

Maynard, Lyman,* li. 47.

Maypole at Breadencheese Tree, i. 106.

Mayse's, or May's Hill, i. 185.

Meade, Charles S., i. 361 ; death of, 348.

Meade, Francis K., i. 356.

Meagher, Dennis, death of, i. 344.

Meakum, lehabod (Boston), i. 312.

Mears, Samuel T., i. 345.

Measurements of some notable trees,

i 156.
Medfield, sermon by Rev. Samuel Dun-
bar preached at, ii. 203.
Medford, publisher of the History of,

ii. 200.
Medical and Surgical Association, Presi-
dent of the, ii. 319.
Medical Examiner for Plymouth Count}',

ii. 322.
Medical Society of the South Norfolk

District, president of the, ii. 319.
Medicine, works relating to the science of,

ii. 229, 230.
Meeting-house of the First Parish, de-
scription and location of the first, and
liberty granted for its use as a watch-
house, i. 189, 213, ii. 22 ; erection of the
present structure ; its antiquity, cost,
dimensions, and location ; introduction
of pews and stoves ; the two hundredth
anniversary of its erection celebrated,
ii 35,36, 211,219; Meeting-house of the
First Parish, Hingham, a Discourse on
the Re-opening of the, ii. 213.
Meeting-house of the Second Parish
(Cohasset) ; votes of the town relating
to the first; cost, date of erection, and
dimensions of the present structure,
i. 163, ii. 30, 37, 38, 39, 40.
Meeting-house of the Third (now Second)
Parish ; date of its erection ; extensive
repairs and improvements made, ii.
40-48.
Meeting-house of the Third Congrega-
tional Society in Hingham, sermon at
the re-opening of the, ii. 225. See also
Ecclesiastical History, ii. 1-82.
Meeting-houses other than the preceding,

ii. 57-82.
Melaphyr, the best local exposures for the

study of, i. 44, 45.
Melcher, Charles C, Lieut, and Quarter-
master, i. 374.
Melville, company of Capt. Thomas, i.

308.
" Melville Gardens," and their well fitted

pleasure grounds, ii. 250.
Membership of the Church of St. Paul

(Roman Catholic), a large, ii. 80.
Membership of the public schools of

Hingham, the average, ii. 101.
Members of the Massachusetts Medical
Society, ii. 308, 309 (3), 311, 312, 313 (2),
315, 318, 320, 321, 322, 323 (2), 324 (2),
325 (2).
Memoir of Martha Whiting, ii. 198.

Memoir of Noah Worcester, D.D., ii. 229.

Memoir of Oberlin, ii. 229.

Memoir of Rev. Charles Brooks, by Hon.

Solomon Lincoln, ii. 50-52.
Memoir of Rev. Dr. Gay, by Solomon

Lincoln, ii. 24.
Memoir of Rev. Dr. Shute, by Solomon

Lincoln, ii. 43—45.
Memorial Day, references to the observ-
ance and recurring exercises of, i. 370,
371.
Men and Things, or Short Essays on Free

Trade, ii. 198.
Men furnished by Hingham for the differ-
ent wars of the countrj', number of, i
203, 214, 269, 326, 327, 329, 366, 367.
Merritt, Billings, i. 353.
Merritt, George II., U. S. N., death of,

i. 365.
Merrow, Arvander, i. 360.
Meservey Benjamin F., Lieut., Capt., B'vt.

Major, i. 345, 367.
Methodist class formed in Hingham,

members of the first, ii. 62.
Methodist Episcopal Church, an historical
sketch, and list of ministers ; other
references to the, ii. 62-64.
Methods of cultivation adopted by the
first settlers, and at later periods, ii. 183,
184.
Methods of transportation in years past,

ii. 241, 242.
Middletown, Conn., address at, ii. 216.
Miles, Henry Adolphus, * § ii. 55, 217.
Miles, Mary, § ii. 218.
Military Commissions held by present or
former residents of Hingham, i. 331,
332, 337, 338, 339, 374.
Military companies in Hingham, lecture

before several, ii. 204.
Military company formed in the Second

Precinct (Cohasset), l. 250.
Military conscription, a plea for personal

freedom from, ii. 231.
Military history, i. 209-374.
Military troubles, early, i. 217, ii. 3-15.
Military, volunteer companies of, i. 339.
Militia companies, i. 331, 332.
Militia company, the last, i. 362.
Militia officers to instruct their men in the

art of war, i. 275.
Miller, Daniel H., i. 356.
Miller, Frank H., i. 349, 361.
Miller, George, i. 341.
Miller, Henry F., mortally wounded,

i. 354.
Miller, Joseph S., i. 360.
Miller, William C, i. 352.
Millery, Esriglolm, i. 317.
Mill-house at Strait's Pond removed to

Jerusalem road, ii. 155.
Mill-Lane Bridge, i. 170.
Mill privileges and sites, and persons who
were known by their occupation as
millers, early, ii. 155, 157, 161.
Mill, or Beechwood, River, i. 185.

Index to History.

415

Mills at Strait's Fond destroyed by fire,
ii. 155.

Mills located in the different parts of the
town, ii. 155-180.

Mills, the company of Capt., i. 313.

Milton, a sermon preached before the
First Unitarian Society at, ii. 212.

Mineralogy, general remarks upon , local
specimens on exhibition at the Public
Library ; varieties found in Hingham,
and where they were discovered, i.
75-78.

Minister and people, duty of, ii. 221.

Ministers, alphabetical list of native, ii.
341-354.

Ministers, men of like passions with oth-
ers, ii. 204.

Ministers of the several parishes in Hing-
ham, past and present. See Ecclesias-
tical History, ii. 1-82.

Ministry, a long service in the, ii. 17, 22,
24, 32, 44, 45, 4(5, 205, 221, 227.

Minot's Ledge, the outermost of the dan-
gerous rocks opposite Cohasset harbor,
i. 158.

Miscellaneous matters, a chapter on, ii.
379-386.

Misleading expressions concerning certain
military expeditions, i. 253.

Mixed Rocks, i. 29. See also Diorite,
i. 25-29.

Modern era as presented in Hingham,
i. 69-71.

Modification of the school system adopted,
ii. 95.

Mollusks ; these include the scallop, the
common clam, and razor fish, i. 81, 82.

Monday Night Club, formation and mem-
bership ; monthly meetings held for the
discussion of topics of general interest ;
political and religious subjects pro-
hibited ; last meeting of the, ii. 299.

Monitor, The Daily, ii. 200.

Monocotyledonous plants, endoge'ns, i.
127-136.

Montcalm's army marches from Ticon-
deroga to Fort William Henry ; his
victory and death, i. 261, 265,266, 268.

Montreal, three armies encamped before,
and other references to, i. 268, 283.

Monument to the first settlers of Hing-
ham (illustration), ii. 370.

Moorey, or Mooney, Edmund, i. 251.

Morrison, Dennis, i. 262.

Morristown, N. J., our troops enter, i. 301.

Morse, Henry G., i. 353.

Morse, John E.. Capt., i. 344, 367.

Morse, Joshua, i. 341 ; Capt., 343.

Mortally wounded or killed in battle dur-
ing the Civil War, i. 367.

Moulton, Hingham men under Capt.
Johnson, i. 269.

Mound-Builders, the age of the, ii. 206.

Mount Blue Road, i. 196.

Mount Pisgah, i. 168.

Mullein Hill, i. 184.

Mullian, Dennis, i. 362.

Mulligan, Hugh J., * ii. 80.

Munificent gifts for the purpose of sup-
porting and enlarging the usefulness of
the Hingham public library, ii. 146,151,
152.

Murch, William, i. 263.

Murdered at Fort William Henry, i. 262.

Murphy, Daniel, died in hospital, i. 361

Murphy, John, i. 251, 316.

Murphy, Owen, i. 345, 358.

Murphy, Thomas R., U. S. N., i. 365.

Murphy, William (Boston), i. 312.

Muschatt, Charles H., i. 366.

Musical, Education Society, the Hingham,
date of organization, list of officers, and
membership of the, ii. 302.

Musicians, i. 343 (2), 346, 348 (2), 353,
359, 361 (2). See also Drummers and
Fifers.

Musquito Plain, i. 184.

Mutual Aid, Society of, ii. 304, 305.

Nails, manufacture of, ii. 160.

Nantasket and Nantasket Beach may be
supplied with Accord Pond water on
certain conditions, ii. 265.

Nantasket Beach Railroad, its early con-
i ection with the steamboats, and lease
to the Old Colony R. R. Co., ii. 251, 256.

Nantasket Beach Steamboat Company,
name adopted as the, ii. 251.

Nantasket, Hingham men in the Revolu-
tion on duty at, i 299, 315.

Nantasket, historical sketch of, ii. 214.

Narragansett fight, the great, i. 239.

Narrative of proceedings in the North
Parish of Hingham, a, ii. 232.

Narrative of the capture by, and of suffer-
ing and escape from pirates, ii. 212.

Nash, John, i. 267.

Nathan, Joseph, i. 360.

National Brass Band, the, ii. 301

Native and resident lawyers, ii. 327-340.

Native and resident physicians, ii. 307-
326.

Native ministers, ii. 341-354.

Natural theology as a study in schools,
ii. 217.

Navy, Hingham men, natives or residents,
who served in the U. S., i. 333, 334, 364,
365, 374.

Naylor, John G.* ii. 59.

Neal, John, i. 265, 266, 267, 269 (2).

Neal, John S., died in prison, i. 354.

Neal, Joseph, i. 283.

Neal, William L, i. 364.

Neck Gate, and Neck Gate Hill, i. 171,
172.

Negroes, a battalion of, i. 268.

Nelson, William T., i. 341.

Newcomb, Hiram, 2d, death of, i. 358.

Newcomb, Jedediah, l. 260.

Newcomb, Levi C, i. 354.

Newcomb, Richard, i. 255.

416

Index to History.

Newcomb, Samuel, i. 357; 2d Sig. Qu.
Master, U. S. N., 365.

Newell, Thomas, i. 325.

New England, review of its ecclesiastical
history, ii. 80, 81, 82.

New England, the early religious customs
of, i. 231.

New Jersey, Washington's campaign in,
i. 328.

Newport News, the Fourth Regiment M.
V. I. at, i. 342.

Newspapers published in Hingham, titles
of, and chronological sketches relating
to the, ii. 238-240.

Newton, a discourse delivered in Chan-
ning Church, ii. 217.

New York, geology and palaeontology of,
ii. 209, 210.

New York, Hingham soldiers at, i. 307 ;
reinforcing the army of, 300 ; other
references to operations around, 283,
328.

New York, sermon at the ordination of
Rev. William Ware, delivered in, ii. 228.

Nichols, Ambrose, i. 301.

Nichols, Bela, i. 283.

Nichols, Caleb, i. 283.

Nichols, Daniel, i.'283; Jr., 298.

Nichols family cemetery, ii. 375.

Nichols, Israel, tii. 318.

Nichols, Jacob A., Capt., i. 337.

Nichols, Micah, i. 263, 265, 267, 301.

Nichols, Nathaniel, i. 237; Lieut., 233.

Nichols, Noah, i. 263, 320.

Nichols, Paul Lewis, i" ii. 318.

Nichols, Peter, i. 283; Lieut. 299, 329.

Nicholson. Samuel, i. 237.

Nichols's Hill, i. 182.

Nichols, William I., * ii. 48, 140, 141,
142.

Nickerson, Anson, Lieut., Capt., i. 337.

Nickerson, Franklin, t Acting Asst. Sur-
geon, U. S. N., i. 364, 308; ii. 319.

Nolan, John M.,i.349.

Norfolk County Court, judge associate of
the old, ii. 330.

Nortli Braintree to Cohasset, railroad
opening from, ii. 254, 255.

Norton, Andrews, § ii. 141, 142; the pub-
lished works of, 218.

Norton, Charles Elliot, § ii. 219.

Norton, Jacob, * § ii. 137, 139, 142.

Norton, John,* § ii. 17, 21, 24, 219.

Norton, Samuel, clerk, i. 291, 298.

Notable trees, measurements of some,
i. 156.

Notes on Animal Life, and on Smelt Fish-
ing, i. 81.

Noyes, Joseph H, i. 356, 362.

Nugent, Philip J. t ii. 319.

Number of Hingham men who fought
in the early wars of the country ; who
were under the king's colors against
the French ; who performed military
duty during the Revolution ; and who
served on the town's quota in the j

| Civil War, i. 203, 214, 269, 326, 327,

329, 366, 367.
Nurses early in the present century, wages

of, ii. 326.
Nutty, or Nutter's, Hill, i. 182.
Nye, Philip, i. 263.
Nye Tavern, the, i. 186.

Oakes, Joshua, i. 283.

Oakes, Josiah, Lieut., i. 290.

Oakes, Uriah ?(Urian), i. 264.
! Oakes, Samuel, i. 283.

Oak trees of Hingham, a lecture on the,
ii. 235; varieties of, i. 153, 154.

Oberlin, Memoir of, ii. 229.

O'Brien, John, i. 358.

Officers from Hingham in the Continental
service, i. 327, 328, 329; in the Civil
War, i. 367, 368.

Officers of militia companies, and when
commissioned, i. 331, 332.

Officers of other local military compa-
nies (since 1812), and dates of their com-
missions, i. 336, 337, 338, 339, 340.

Officers of prominent local institutions,
ii. 139-141, 154, 189, 260, 273-275, 277.
See also Lodges and Societies, ii. 289-
306.

Ohio, Geology and Palaeontology of, ii.
209.

Old Colony and Hingham Steamboat
Company incorporated, ii. 251.

Old Colony Hill, i. 171.

Old Colony House, date of its erection,
and destruction by fire ; its grove open-
ed to the public; military gatherings
at, etc., i. 172, 337, 338; ii. 245.

Old Colony Lodge, Hingham, address at
the installation of the officers of, Jan.
12, A. L. 5821, ii. 216.

Old Colony Lodge, I. O. O. F., officers and
present membership of, ii. 294.

Old Colony Lodge of Ancient Free and
Accepted Masons, ii. 289-306.

Old Colony Railroad opened to Plymouth,
ii. 253.

Old Man's Calendar, the, ii. 29, 33, 205.

" Old Mill " at Bound Brook, i. 161.

Orations, ii. 194, 207, 212, 214 (4), 215 (5),
216 (2), 220, 221, 222, 231, 339 ; deliver-
ed on the Fourth of July, 214 (2), 215,
216, 231, 339.

Orchestras: the Clarion, ii. 302; the Hing-
ham Philharmonic, ii. 301.

Orcutt, Eben'r, i. 283.

Orcutt, Ephraim, i. 283, 301.

Orcutt, Hosea, i. 263.

Orcutt, Hough, i. 283.

Orcutt, Ignatius, i. 263.

Orcutt, Luke, i. 283, 301, 320.

Ordinations, ii. 2, 21, 24, 31, 32, 33 (3), 34,
38, 39 (2), 41, 45, 48 (2), 49, 50, 54, 55
(4), 59 (3), 60 (2), 61 (2), 66, 67,68, 193,
198, 201, 202 (2), 204 (4), 205, 210 (2),
212, 213, 214, 225 (2), 228 (3), 231 (2),

Index to History.

41:

342 (2), 343 (2), 344 (4), 345, 34G (2),

347 (2), 348 (4), 349, 350, 352-354.
O'Reardon, Daniel, t ii. 319.
Organs purchased, church, ii. 56, Gl, G8 ;

other references to church organs, ii. 72,

78.
Osborne, George H., i. 366.
Oswego surrendered to the French, i. 259.
Otis Hill, and the exquisite view from, i.

177.
Otis, John, Colonel, chief justice of the

Court of Common Pleas, and judge of

probate, i ii. 339.
Ourish, Jacob, i. 342, 346.
Ourish, Peter, i. 348, 361 ; death of, 348.
Owen, William, i. 289.
Owl Club, the, ii. 306.
OxJ3ow Meadow, a peculiar shaped field

known as, i. 183.
Oxford, Colonel Rice, commander of the

troops at, i. 326.

Packet Sloops, captains, and names of
the Hingham, ii. 242, 243.

Page's Bridge, i. 196.

Paid to the Hingham soldiers in New
York, i. 322.

Palding, William (Hingham or Boston),
i. 312.

Palaeontological collection, ii. 154.

Palaeontology of New York, and other
States, ii. 209, 210.

Palfrey, John G., * § ii. 220.

Palisade erected around the first meeting-
house, i. 216.

Parsonage deeded to the deacons of the
Baptist Church and their successors in
trust for the church and societv, ii.
61.

Parsonage erected for the Methodist
Episcopal Church and Society, ii. 64.

Paraile of the fire companies of Hingham,
the first, ii. 259.

Parasol and umbrella manufactory, ii.
176, 177.

Parish, anniversary of the association of
the first, ii. 227.

Parish-house of the first parish, dedica-
tion of the, ii. 37.

Parish of St. John the Evangelist, organ-
ization, pastorates, and valuable gifts
to the, ii. 71-76.

Parker, Josiah, 2d Lieut., i. 283.

Parry, John, i. 348.

Passing away of the ice sheet, i. 64-66.

Past and present of an agricultural life
contrasted, the, ii. 191, 192.

Past Grand Masters of Old Colony Lodge,
I. O. O. F., ii. 294, 295.

Pastoral Duty, a discourse delivered
before the ministers of the Bay Associ-
ation, ii. 202.

Pastoral relation to the First Church of
Christ in Hingham, dissolution of the,
ii. 227.

vol i. — 27*

Pastor and people, a sermon on the recip-
rocal duties of ii. 210.

Pastorates, long, ii. 17, 22, 24, 32, 33, 60.

Pasturage for cattle, burial-grounds for-
merly used as, ii. 365, 367.

Patent line, the, i. 161.

Patience's garden, i. 179.

Patridge, Nathan (Falmouth), i. 313.

Paul's Point, i. 177.

Peabody, ordination of Rev. William P.
O., ii. 228.

Peace, rejoicings at the declaration of, i.

oop.
oou.

Peace Society, the Hingham, ii. 212.

Peace through conflict, ii. 225.

Peacock, George, i. 359.

Peare, Nathaniel B., i. 349.

Pear Tree Hill, i. 190.

Peck, Mr. Robert, * ii. 2, 3.

Peck's meadow, and pasture, i. 165, 174.

Peirce, Albert L , i. 342.

Pembroke company under Capt. Freedom
Chamberlin, i. 289 ; at Hingham, i.
307.

Penalty for not teaching the English
tongue, and a knowledge of the capital
laws in our public schools, ii. 83.

Pendergast, Daniel W., death of, i. 351.

Pennel, Clem (Falmouth), i. 312.

Penniman, Hingham men in the company
of Capt. (of Braintree), i. 299, 310.

Penobscot expedition, the, i. 307, 322, 328.

People's Independent Line of Steamboats,
its abandonment of the Hingham route,
ii. 248, 250, 252.

Peppered. Sir William, one of the victors
of the Dunkirk of America, i. 253.

Pequod War, number of men furnished by
Hingham for the, i. 203, 214.

Perkins, William, i. 362.

Petersburg, Va., killed at, i. 358.

Petrosilex, local exposures of, i. 29, 30.

Pettengill, David, i. 345, 358.

Pettick's, or Peddock's, and other islands,
militia at, i. 296.

Phaenogamous, or flowering plants, i. 91.

Philadelphia, Pa., address before the Law
and Order Society at, ii. 216.

Philip's War, i. 245-247.

Phillips, George, i. 262.

Phipps, Thomas, t ii. 319.

Phips, Sir William, i. 248, 249.

Phoenix Club, adoption of the name " G.
I. A. of Scribes and Pharisees ; " after-
wards changed to " United Associates ; "
dates, and reorganization under the
name of " Phoenix Club ; " member-
ship, list of officers, and purposes of the
club, ii. 303.

Physician as well as divine, ii. 307, 347.

Physician's fees in olden time, ii. 326.

Physicians, native and resident, ii. 307-
326.

Physicians not connected with Hingham,
references to, ii. 308 (2), 313, 314, 320
(2), 321, 324, 326,

418

Index to History.

Pickering, Mr., * ii. 47.
Pie Corner, i. 166.

Piers and wharves in Hingham, ii. 174.
Pigeon Plain, i. 182.

Pilgrims and Puritans, distinction be-
tween, and religious sentiments of the,

i. 206-208.
Pilgrim's Progress in verse, Bunyan's,

ii. 203.
Pilgrims' Songs in the Wilderness (a book

of hymns), ii. 213.
Pilgrims, Songs of the, ii. 215.
Pine Hill, i. 172.
Pine Log Hill, i. 191.
Pine Tree Tavern, i. 198.
Pirates, capture by, and suffering and

escape from, ii. 212.
Plain Neck, i. 171.
Plain, the (Cohasset), i. 159, 163.
Planing, sawing, and turning mill, ii. 165.
Planter's Fields, / . -,~Q
Planils, \ L 178-

Planter's Fields Lane, i. 176.
Planter's Fields (old), i. 173.
Planter's Hill, i. 172.
Pleasant Beach, i. 161.
Pleasant Hill, i. 178.
Plough, early introduction of the, ii. 183.
Ploughs of Hingham manufacture, ii.

179.
Plymouth, an oration pronounced and

sermon preached at, ii. 212, 214.
Plymouth, opening of the Old Colony

Railroad to, ii. 253.
Plymouth, ordination of Rev. Joseph

Stacy at, ii. 212.
Plymouth River, i. 183.
Poems, and poetic essays, ii. 199, 212,

215, 219, 228, 229.
Poems, list of, by the author of " Poetical

Works," ii. 226, 227.
Poetry of observation, ii. 212.
Poiney, Edwin, i. 366.
Police Court of Boston, justice of the,

ii. 329.
Political feeling at the commencement of

the present century, and its effect upon

local transportation, ii. 242.
Political idea, fidelity to our, ii. 217.
Polypetalous exogens, i. 91-107.
Pond Rock, i. 168, 169.
Ponds of Hingham, i. 1-5. See also Land-

mRrks
Poole, Charles H., i. 354.
Poole, Joseph M., i. 352.
Poor and school fund, the, ii. 102.
Pope, Lemuel, Acting Master U. S. N.,

Post commander, i. 364, 368, 369.
Pope's Lane, ) . ,Qft
Pope's Hole, \ L im

Population of Hingham at different pe-
riods, i. 119, ii. 379.
Porphyrite at Nantasket, Rocky Neck,

and Weir River, i. 30, 31.
Portland, Me., ordination sermon preached

at, ii. 225.

Portrait of Col. Benjamin Loring given in
trust, to be placed and kept in Loring
Hall, ii. 284.

Portraits, address in the House of Repre-
sentatives on the presentation of those
of Ex-Speakers Sedgwick, Varnum, and
Banks, ii. 216.

Portraits of Madam Derby and Dr. Her-
sey, ii. 138.

Post 104 G. A. R., date of organization,
and commanders of, i. 345, 348, 361, 363,
369.

Postmasters, list of, and dates of appoint-
ment, ii. 383, 384.

Post-offices, locations of, ii. 384, 385

Powder-House, and Powder-House Hill,
i. 197.

Powder-house, location of the first, i. 252.

Powder manufactured in Hingham, i. 293.

Powder transported to Hingham, i. .319.

Pownal, Governor Thomas sails from
Boston with a regiment; appointments
by, i. 266 ; ii. 44, 339.

Pratt, Benjamin, t Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of New York, ii. 339.

Pratt, Caleb, i. 283, 300.

Pratt, Edward B., t ii. 339.

Pratt, Harvey M., i. 348, 361.

Pratt, John, i. 263.

Pratt's Corner, i. 167.

Pratt's Rocks, i. 168.

Pratt, Thomas, i. 298.

Prayer Book, A Family, ii. 200.

Preaching, Hints on Extemporaneous,
ii. 228.

Preamble of the Club of Generous Under-
takers, ii. 298.

Preamble of the Jefferson Debating
Society, ii. 299.

Preceptors and preceptresses of Derby
Academy, ii. 141.

Preliminary remarks on general Geology,
i. 6, 7.

Preliminary remarks on the Botany of
Hingham, i. 87-90.

Preparation of the soil and cultivation of
crops, ii. 183, 184.

Preparatory department at the Derby
Academy established, ii. 134, 141.

Prescott, regiment of Colonel, i. 289,
327.

Presbury, Samuel, * ii. 220.

President Lincoln a descendant of Hing-
ham stock, i. 340.

Presidents of the Hingham Agricultural
and Horticultural Society, ii. 191.

Preston, Edward L., i. 366.

Prichet (Prichard), John, i. 298.

Prichard, Oliver, i. 283.

Prichart (Prichard), Price, i. 263.

Prichard, Richard, i. 283.

Priestley, Life of Joseph, LL. D., ii. 229.

Prince, Isaac, i. 237.

Prince, John, i. 228.

Prince, John, * ii. 47.

Prisoners at Halifax, i. 308.

Index to History.

419

Prisoners taken by the English and Col-
onists, i. 264.

Prisoners during the Civil War, i. 307.

Private or dame schools, their influence
not to be underestimated ; names of
several teachers of, ii.84, 143, 144.

Proclamation relating to bounties, i. 195.

Produce, the price of, ii. 184.

Professor in the Divinity School at Cam-
bridge, and of pulpit eloquence, ii. 353.

Prohibition, the errors of, ii. 196.

Prominent contributors toward the estab-
lishment and support of the Free Chris-
tian Mission, ii. 69.

Property, real and personal, in the hands
of the treasurer of the trustees of
Derby Academv, ii. 139.

Prospect Hill, i. 197.

" Protector," the armed ship, i. 327.

Prouty, Benjamin W., i. 354.

Prouty, David, i. 299, 310.

Prouty, Elijah (Weymouth), i. 341 ; died
in the Civil War, 354.

Prouty, George M., i. 349.

Prouty, Isaac, transferred to V. R. C,
i. 355.

Proutv, James B., i. 349.

Prouty, John H. (W. Scituate), i. 342;
2d Lieut., 354, 367.

Prouty, William, Jr. (W. Scituate), l.
342, 355.

Publications, ii. 193-240.

Public benefactors. See Benefactors.

Public conveyances, ii. 241-256.

Public halls a necessity in the social life
of a community, ii. 288.

Public institutions, ii. 271-288.

Public Library, the Hingham, history of,
and report to the town by its presi-
dent, Solomon Lincoln, ii. 144-154.

Public schools, records relating to the,
ii. 83-115.

Puffer, Rev. and Mrs. Stephen ; their
liberality in furnishing pecuniary aid
for the erection of the Methodist meet-
ing-house and parsonage, ii 63, 64.

Pugsley, Sewall, i. 355; died in the Civil
War, 356.

Pulpit exchanges with the ministers of
other religious societies, correspondence
on the subject of, ii. 221.

Pump and block makers, ii. 173.

Punch-bowl, The, i. 159.

Purgatory Swamp, i. 167.

Putnam, George W. R., i. 362.

Putnam, Israel, Major-General, i. 265,
294.

Quamino Rock, i. 158.

Quebec, defeat of the American forces

at ; surrender of, i. 268, 283, 284.
Queen Ann's Corner, i. 183, 185.
Queen Ann's Turnpike, i. 183.
Quincy, an oration delivered before the

citizens of, ii. 214.

Quincy Light Infantry visits Hingham,

the, i. 338.
Quincy, regiment of Colonel Josiah, i.

2G9.
Quotas of the town, how made, i. 316.
Quotations from a record of the school

committee, ii. 91.
Quotations from diaries and letters, i.

250, 288, 289, 300, 301 ; ii. 22, 137.

Raffertt, Thomas, Jr., i. 349, 360.

Ragged Island, i. 177.

Randall, Stephen, i. 262.

Randall, William, i. 366.

Randallwining, George, i. 259.

Ranslow, a battalion of negroes to carry

small-pox people to Albany, under the

command of Colonel, i. 268.
Rattlesnake Den, Rock, and Run, i. 166,

167, 168.
Rawson, sermon at the instalment of Rev.

Grindall, ii. 205.
Raymond, James G., died at Hilton Head,

i. 360.
Raymond, Theodore (Wejrmouth), i.

341.
Read, company of Capt., i. 260.
Reardon, Michael, i. 350.
Rebel Army, declined accepting a com-
mission in the, i. 356.
Recent Period (Geological) ; its effect

upon climate, i. 68, 69.
Reception of the Lincoln Light Infantry

upon its return from Portress Monroe,

i. 342.
Records of the school committee, earl}-,

ii. 88.
Reed, George R., i. 341 ; Lieut., Capt.,

347, 367.
Reed, John A., i. 351.
Reed, regiment of Colonel John, i. 310.
Re-enlistments, i. 283.
Reformation, an essay tending to pro-
mote, ii. 219.
Regiments ordered to Canada, i. 301.
" Register and Meteorological Journal,"

Sprague's, ii. 224.
Register of Probate for Plymouth County,

ii. 339.
Regular communications of Old Colony

Lodge of Ancient Free and accepted

Masons, concerning the, ii. 291, 292.
Regulation of the schools, report on the, ii.

93, 94.
Relief for the families of the Lincoln

Light Infantry needing assistance,

means devised for the, i. 342.
Religion, foundation, evidences, and

truth of, ii. 227.
Religion, Thoughts on True and False, ii.

218.
Religious Customs of New England, the

Early, ii. 231.
Religious denominations referred to, ii.

341, 342 (2), 343 (2), 345 (2), 348, 349,

420

Index to History.

350 (3), 353 (2), 351. See also Ecclesias-
tical History.

Religious Education, A Discourse on, ii.
218.

Religious Life, Words of a Friend on the
Foundation of a, ii. 217.

Religious sentiments of the Pilgrims and
Puritans, i. 206.

Religious worship, Benjamin Franklin's
views concerning, ii. 341, 342.

Remains of an early period found in Hing-
ham, i. 71-74.

Remington, Charles, i. 304.

Remington, Elisha, Jr., i. 291.

Remington, Foster, i. 349.

Remington, Joshua, i. 203, 265, 207.

Removal of Old Colony Lodge of Ancient
Free and Accepted Masons from Han-
over to Hingham, ii. 291.

Removals from Hingham during the early
history of the town, i. 203.

Re-organization of the militia of the Pro-
vince, i. 290.

Re-organization of the Second Church
and Parish, ii. 47.

Repairs and alterations on meeting-
houses. See Ecclesiastical History,
ii. 1-82.

Reports and recommendations of the sev-
eral committees on Water- Wurks, ii.
202-265.

Reports of the Town of Hingham, includ-
ing Financial, Fire Department, and
School Committee Reports ; Births in
1867 and after ; Marriages and Deaths
from 1856; Names of Streets, Lanes,
Plains, and Bridges ; Reports on Elec-
tric Lighting, Schoolhouses, and
Water- Works ; Value of Estates,
Voters of the Town, etc., ii. 236-
238.

Representatives instructed prior to and at
the commencement of the Revolution,
i. 272, 302.

Representatives to Congress, ii. 328, 333,
338.

Representatives to the General Court,
ii. 328, 329, 332, 333 (2), 335, 338, 339
(3).

Republican and Federal lines of packets,
ii. 242, 243.

Republican State Convention, address at
the, ii. 216.

Reminiscences of staging and stage lines
in years past, ii. 253.

Rescue of an Old Place, The, ii. 222.

Retreat of the British Army at Lake
George, i. 206.

Review of Gov. Winthrop's course con-
cerning Mr. Hobart, and the military
difficulties in Hingham, ii. 16, 17.

Review of the Ecclesiastical History of
New England, ii. 80-82.

Review of Trustees' address, ii. 218.

Revolution, surgeons from Hingham on
armed vessels during the, ii. 317, 324.

Revolution, number of Hingham men
who performed military duty in the,
.i. 326, 327, 328, 329.

Revolution, the last military event of the,
i. 320.

Rhetoric, or the Principles of Elocution,
ii. 231.

Rhode Island expeditions, i. 287, 313, 317,
328 ; other references to the campaign
in, i. 303, 321, 322, 323.

Rhyme, doubtful experiments in, ii. 201.

Rice, Nathan, Colonel, i. 3^6, 327, 331.

Rice's Island, i. 160.

Richardson, Charles, i. 361.

Richardson, George E., i. 357 ; U. S. N.
305.

Richardson, Joseph, * § American Reader
compiled and published by ; lectures to
the youth of the town ; ordination of,
etc., i. 33G ; ii. 32, 91, 198, 220, 221.

Rich, George L., i. 362.

Rich, William, i. 354.

Richmond, Edward, *§ ii. 222.

Ridge Road, the Ridges, i. 164.

Rifle Company, the Hingham ; date of
charter ; first commissioned officers of,
and disbandment of the, i. 332, 330,

Q;3Q

Riley, William F., i. 349, 361.

Ringbolt Rock, i. 173.

Ripley, Charles, i. 207.

Ripley, Ebenezer, i. 321.

Ripley, Eliph., i. 323.

Ripley, Hezekiah, i. 279, 282, 301, 313 ;

Jr.. Lieut., 327.
Ripley, Jerom, i. 292.
Ripley, John (Scituate), i. 282.
Ripley, Joshua, l. 284, 310, 313.
Ripley, Nehemiah, i. 279, 291, 297, 298,

310, 31 1 ; Quarter-master, 332 ; Jr.,

Lieut., 339.
Rivers, ponds, and swamps, i. 5.
Roach, Edward, i. 366.
Roach, Joshua, died in the Civil War,

i. 354.
Roach, Michael, i. 361.
Road-side plants, i. 87-90.
Robbins, Chandler, *§ ii. 222.
Robbins, James H., t§ ii. 222, 319.
Rohbins, Mary Caroline, § ii. 222.
Roberson, or Robinson, regiment of Col.

John, i. 309.
Roberts, Ebenezer F., i. 341, 352.
Roberts, John (Boston), i. 282.
Robeson, Andrew, Capt., i. 374.
Robinson, David P., i. 300.
Robinson, William W, death of. i. 345.
Rocky Hill, Meadow, Neck, Nook, and

Run, i. 173, 190, 194, 190.
Rodnev, Admiral, i. 335.
Rodsfell, John, i. 317.
Rogers, Charles R.,tii. 319.
Rogers, Edward Coit, t ii. 319.
Rogers, George R , Major, i. 374.
Rogers, John F., i. 364.
Rogers' Rangers, i. 265.

Index to History.

421

Rollins, Joseph, i. 357.

Romance of an Honest Woman (transla-
tion), ii. 222.

Rome in the Third Century, ii. 230.

Root's Bridge, i. 183.

Root's Hill, i. 183.

Round Pond, i. 182.

Rounds, Cushman, i. 354.

Rouschorn, Christian, i. 317.

Roxbury, an address before the Charitable
Society of, ii. 215.

Royalists living in Hingham during the
Revolution, i. 287, 288.

Royal, Peter H., i. 354.

Rules and regulations adopted in 1828 by
the School Committee, ii. 94, 95.

Rumrill, Thomas (Boston), i. 313.

Rural life and its changes through the
influence of railroad transportation and
foreign emigration within the past forty
or fifty years, i. 208.

Russell, fund left in support of a public
High School in Hingham by the will of
Rev. John L., ii. 100.

Russell, John Lewis,* § ii. 46, 47, 100, 222.

Russell, Thomas, § ii. 222.

Russ, William, i. 266.

Rust, William, i. 267.

Ryan, John, i. 357.

Sacred music, author of the Deerfield

collection of, ii. 354.
Sackctt's Harbor, killed at, i. 333.
Saddlery and harnesses, manufacture of,

ii. 168.
Sail-making, persons engaged in the once

flourishing business of, ii. 174.
Sailors of the sloop " Mermaid," i. 254.
Sailors of the sloop " Sea Flower," i. 260.
Sale of fire engines, ii. 258, 260.
Salary paid school teachers in the early

history of the town, ii. 85.
Salt works, where located, i. 160, 174,

176 (2) ; product, and proprietors of,

ii. 174, 175.
Sampson, Benjamin, i. 262.
Sampson, Simeon, Capt , i. 307.
Sandv Beach, i. 161.
Sandy Cove, i. 159.
Sarah's (Sailor's, or Sayle's) Island, i.

178.
Saratoga, the victory at, i. 305.
Sargent, Ignatius,! ii- 320.
Saulsbury, Stephen, i. 255.
Savannah, Ga., invested, i. 304.
Savary, John,* ii. 47.
Savings Institution, number of original

accounts still open at the Hingham, ii.

275
Saviour, Life of the, ii. 229.
Saw-mills, owners and locations of, i. 175,

ii. 155-157.
Sawyer, Albert, i. 366.

Sawyer,* , ii- 47.

Saver, Jonathan (Boston), i. 313.

Scenes and Characters Illustrating Chris-
tian Truth, ii. 229.
School-committee first chosen, duties of

the, ii. 88, 92.
School-districts to regulate the attendance

of scholars, ii. 95.
Schoolhouses, erection and location of,
at Great Plain ; in the Second Precinct
(Cohasset) ; near Peter Ripley's, on
the plain ; other references to, ii. 86, 87,
103-1 1U
School masters and mistresses, early
agreements with, and instructions to,
concerning the scholars under their
charge, ii. 85, 91.
School reader, the first published, ii. 91.
Schools for the centre ot the North Parish,
the west end of the North Parish, and
in the outlying districts ; also the first
notice of schools for girls, ii. 86-90.
Schools of Hingham, the public, ii. 83-115 ;
equalization, grading, increase in the
number, and number of pupils at dif-
ferent periods in the, 86, 87, 89, 95, 96,
101.
Scituate company in Hingham, and at the
defence of Grape Island, i. 289, 307, 387.
Scituate Hill, i. 169, 192.
Scituate Pond, i. 168, 169.
Scituate, sermons preached at, ii. 203,204,

227.
Scott, Caesar, i. 321.
Scott, John (Boston), i. 313.
Scully, Dennis, died in the Civil War,

i. 360.
Sea-coast defence, Hingham men in the

company raised for, i. 293, 294, 300.
Seal in Hingham harbor, attachment of

the, see Mammals, i. 80, 81.
Seal of Derby Academy, ii. 135.
Seal of the First Parish, ii. 36.
Seal of the town, and date of its adoption,

ii. 386.
Second Parish (Cohasset), ii. 30, 37-40.
Second (formerly Third) Suffolk Regi-
ment reorganized, and to include the
companies in Cohasset, Hingham, Hull,
and Weymouth under Colonel Solomon
Lovell, i. 290, 291. See also 316, 332.
Sectarianism, the Evils of, ii. 213.
Selections from publications in pamphlet

form, ii. 229.
Senators, State, 328, 329 (2), 330, 333, 335,

339. See also vols. ii. and iii.
Sermon by Rev. Ebenezer Gay: "And
now, lo, I am this day fourscore and
five years old," ii. 29, 205.
Sermon (1708, in print) by Rev. John Nor-
ton, ii. 22, 219.
Sermon by Rev. Joseph Richardson, senior
pastor of the First Parish in Hingham,
on his eighty-sixth birthday anniver-
sary, ii. 32, 221.
Sermon by Rev. Daniel Shute, preached
before his Excellency Francis Bernard,
Esqr., Governor, ii. 223.

422

Index to History.

Sermon preached before his Excellency
the Governor, the Honorable Council
and Representatives of the Province of
the Massachusetts Bay in N. E. (1708),
ii. 22, 219. Sermons other than the fol-
lowing, see Publications.

Sermon to be preached before the scholars
of Derby Academy, provision made for
the annual, ii. 137.

Sermon to young men, ii. 213.

Services at the dedication of Loring Hall,
ii. 281, 282.

Seth Cushing'a Inn, i. 180.

Sewall, a quotation from Judge, ii. 22.

Sewing silk from cocoons raised in Hing-
ham Centre, ii. 102.

Sex, no distinction of, in the right to vote,
ii. 216.

Seymour, Almira, § ii. 222.

Seymour, Charles W., i. 337 : Lieut., Capt,
Colonel, 338, 339.

Seymour, Charles VV. S., § ii. 261.

Shag, The East and West, i. 158.

Shave, Timothy, i. 287.

Shay's rebellion, suppression of, i. 305, 331.

Shepard's Ledge, i. 158.

Shepperd, Henry, i. 324.

Shepperd, regiment of Colonel, i. 325, 327.

Sherman, Arthur, i. 237.

Shingle mills, see Saw mills.

Ship-building, early history and promi-
nence of, as a local industry in former
years, ii. 168-170.

Ship Cove Lane, i. 159, 161.

Ship Lots, i. 176.

Shipyards, i. 159, 173, 174, 175, 176 (2),
ii. 168, 170.

Shirley, unsuccessful expedition planned
by Governor, i. 255, 257.

Shoe-pegs, manufacture of, ii. 15-7.

Shute, Charles, i. 362; Capt. 337.

Shute, Daniel, * § [D.D.] appointed chap-
lain of a regiment ; his election sermon,
and sermon before the Ancient and
Honorable Artillery Company ; politi-
cal views ; other references to, ii. 26, 27,
41, 44, 45, 223, 227.

Shute, Daniel, 2d, t surgeon in the army
of the Revolution, i. 325, 327, ii. 320;
3d, t i. 335, 336 ; ii. 320.

Shute, John, i. 335.

Side-Hill Road, i. 193.

Siege of Boston, i. 281, 282, 325, 328.

Silk and worsted fringes, gimps, etc., man-
ufacturers of, ii. 162 (2).

Silurian fossils, descriptions of, ii. 210.

Silver coinage, speech on, ii. 216.

Silversmiths, ii. 177, 178.

Simmonds, John (Boston), i. 313.

Simmons, Allen, i. 282, 291.

Simmons, Franklin, i. 366.

Simmons, Gustavus L.,t ii- 321.

Simmons, Joseph, died in the Civil War,
i. 355.

Simmons, Kent, i. 317.

Simmons, Reuben, i. 297, 335.

Simpson, Louis L., i. 356.

Sivret, James W., Lieut., i. 336.

Sivret's Tavern, i. 186.

Site purchased for the Catholic church,
ii. 79.

Sketch of the life of Martin Wilder, ii. 285.

Slain by Indians, i. 246.

Slander (Slader) Thomas, i. 258, 259.

Slavery, by the author of Exports and
Imports, ii. 198.

Sloop " Mermaid," Samuel Lincoln, mas-
ter, i. 254.

Sloop " Sea Flower," Jno. Cushing, mas-
ter, i. 260.

Sloops for the transportation of merchan-
dise and passengers, ii. 242.

Slough River, i. 186.

Small pox, deaths of Hingham men in
the army from, i. 249.

Small sins, sermons on, ii. 229.

Smart, company of Capt., i. 313.

Smelt-fishery, a few words concerning,
i. 81.

Smith, Charles L., i. 335.

Smith, Freeman, i. 262.

Smith, George, i. 350.

Smith, George E., i. 345.

Smith, Hugh P., * ii. 79, 80.

Smith, Increase S., his long service as
preceptor of the Derby Academy, ii. 139.

Smith, Isaac, i. 264, 266, 267.

Smith, John, Lieut., Capt., i. 228, 229, 237,
248, 250.

Smith, Jonathan, i. 293, 297.

Smith, Life and Character of Joseph C,
ii. 217.

Smith, Ralph, i. 253.

Smith, sermon at the interment of Mrs.
Rachel, ii. 213.

Smith's Island, i. 167.

Smith, Townsend, i. 262, 266.

Smith, William,* of Weymouth, ii. 27,40,
43.

Smooth Hills, i. 184.

Snell, John B., i. 349.

Snyder, John, * § ii. 54, 55, 223.

Soaper, company of Capt., i. 324.

Social Libraries : towns in which they
were first established ; when formed
and discontinued in Hingham, ii. 144,
145.

Societies and Lodges, ii. 289-306.

Society of Mutual Aid, organized for the
protection of propert}', and bringing
offenders of the law to punishment,
ii. 304, 305.

Soldiers and Sailors Monument, dedica-
tion of the, ii 201, 213.

Soldiers furnished by Massachusetts, let-
ter of Governor Andrew on the number
of, ii. 194.

Soldiers pressed to go against the Indians,
and against the French, i. 248, 250.

Songs of the Pilgrims, ii. 215.

Sons of Veterans, organization and com-
manders of the, i. 369, 370.

Index to Ilistory.

423

South, Commander in the department of

the, i. 821.
Souther, Benjamin S., i. 341.
Souther, Daniel, i. 292, 293, 297, 298.
Souther, James, i. 351.
Souther, John, i. 278, 286.
Souther, John S., i. 341, 353.
Souther, Joseph, i. 283, 299, 316.
Southern Slavery, our Duty in Relation

to, ii. 199.
Souther, Samuel C, i. 351.
Souther's Hill, i. 168.
Souther's Shipyard, i. 175.
South Hingham Cornet Band ; dates of

organization and dissolution ; leaders of

the, ii. 300.
Soutli Norfolk District Medical Society,

president of the, ii. 319.
South Shore Mills, ii. 163.
South Shore Railroad, extension of, and

other references to the, ii. 253-256.
Southward, Oliver, i. 265.
Spalding, Henry E.,t§ i. 364 ; ii. 223, 321.
Spalding, Samuel Hopkins, t ii. 322.
Spanish prisoners, escape of, i. 252.
Speaker of the House of Assembly (New

Hampshire), ii. 331.
Sper.ker of the House of Representatives

(Mass.), ii. 338.
Spear, Edward A. F., died in prison, i.

355.
Special Justice of the Second District

Court of Plymouth, ii. 328.
Spellman, Edward, i. 357.
Spencer, Jeremiah, i. 345.
Spencer, Samuel, death of, i. 344.
Spencer, troops of the Continental army

under the command of General, i. 309.
Spikes, guns, and fowling pieces, manu-
facture of, ii. 160.
Spooner, John VVinthrop, t§ ii. 223, 322.
Spooner, regiment of Colonel, i. 338.
Spooner, William, i. 284, 286, 313.
Sprague, Abel, i. 313.
Sprague, Amos, i. 277, 291, 297.
Sprague, Artemas, i. 351.
Sprague, Benjamin, Jr. i. 277, 291, 298.
Sprague, Blossom, Lieut., i. 336.
Sprague, Charles, Lieut., i. 341, 367.
Sprague, Daniel, i. 284.
Sprague, David, i. 277, 282, 291, 292, 293,

297.
Sprague, David, * ii. 350.
Sprague, discharge of Capt., i. 341.
Sprague, Hosea, § ii. 224.
Sprague, Isaac, i. 291, 300; Jr., 277, 291,

297.
Sprague, Isaac, § ii. 224.
Sprague, Isaac G , Lieut, i. 338.
Sprague, Israel, i. 335.
Sprague, Jacob, i. 279, 326, 335 ; Jr. 292.
Sprague, Jairus, Lieut., Capt., i. 332, 336.
Sprague, Jeremiah, i. 293, 315.
Sprague, Jesse, i. 279, 293, 297, 298.
Sprague, John, i. 255, 266, 267, 279, 286

(2).

Sprague, Joseph, i. 263, 267, 279, 282, 284.

Sprague, Joseph, 2d Lieut., Adjutant, i.
338.

Sprague, Joseph T., Lieut., Capt., i. 339,
340.

Sprague, Knight, i. 261, 262, 267, 278;
Lieut., 286, 287, 329; Jr., 258.

Sprague, Levi, Lieut., i. 332.

Sprague, Lincoln B., Lieut., i. 338, 339.

Sprague, Moses, i. 279, 282, 284, 326.

Sprague, Nathaniel, i. 279.

Sprague, Nehemiah, i. 287, 300.

Sprague, Peter N., i. 341 ; Lieut., Capt.,
343, 358, 367.

Sprague, Reuben, i. 279, 280; Jr., 335.

Sprague, Samuel, i. 273.

Sprague, Seth, i. 279, 292.

Sprague, Seth M., i. 355.

Sprague's Island, i. 171.

Sprague, Thomas, i. 318.

Sprague, Thomas, 2d, died in the Civil
War, i. 355.

Sprague, William, i. 314.

Sprague, William T., i. 366.

Sprague, William Wallace, prisoner at
Belle Isle, i. 344.

Sprague, William Waters, i. 351.

Springfield, ordination of Rev. William
B. O. Peabody at, ii. 228.

Spurr, Charles E., i. 357.

Spurr, Warren R., i. 357.

Squire (a negro), i. 297.

Squirrel Hill, and Lane, i. 180, 181.

Stacy, ordination of Rev. Joseph, at Ply-
mouth, ii. 212.

Stage coaches, early lines between Hing-
ham and Boston ; headquarters, names
of proprietors and drivers of, ii. 252,
253.

St. Andrew's Church, Hingham, England,
rare and valuable gifts from, ii. 72, 73.

Stansbury's expedition to the Great Salt
Lake, ii. 209.

Stanwix, General, i. 266.

Stark, John, i. 265.

Stark, the victory of General, i. 311.

State and town aid to soldiers or volun-
teers and their families, i. 349, 350, 355,
357, 362.

State Detective Force, Chief of the. i.
347.

State Treasurer, ii. 339.

Station packets, names of, where located,
and uses of the, ii. 243, 244.

Statistics relating to the number of cows,
horses, and sheep kept in Hingham, ii.
183.

Statistics concerning the number of Hing-
ham men who served in the Revolution,
and in the Civil War, i. 320, 327, 328,
329, 367.

Steamboats, names of; when and where
built ; landing places ; route to Nantas-
ket Beach established ; wharves and
piers erected ; captains of, and other
references to, ii. 245-252.

424

Index to History.

Stearns, Oliver, * § ii. 53, 54, 225.
Stebbins, Rufus P.,* § ii. 220.
Steep Rocks, i. 164.
Stephenson, Elisha, i. 283, 298.
Stephenson, Ezra.t surgeon, i. 339, ii. 322.
Stephenson, Ezra T. C, i. 351.
Stephenson, Henry, i. 341.
Stephenson, James, Jr., Lieut., Capt., i.

337.
Stephenson, Jerom, i. 205, 267; Lieut.,

298, 329.
Stephenson, John, i. 253; Lieut., Capt.,

i. 338.
Stephenson, Lucitanus, i. 267, 298.
Stephenson, Luke, i. 283.
Stephenson, Luther, i. 267.
Stephenson, Luther, Jr., § Lieut., Capt.,
Major, Lieut. -Colonel, Bvt. Brigadier-
General, i. 339, 341. 347, 307 ; ii. 226.
Stephenson, Reuben, i. 315.
Stephenson, Solon, i. 265.
Stephenson, William L., i. 351.
Steppen Stones, i. 165.
Stetson, Benj., i. 301.
Stevens, Charles E., Lieut., Quartermas-
ter, Capt., Paymaster, i. 374.
Stevenson, B. V., * ii. 47.
Stewart, Charles A., Acting Ensign U. S.

N., i. 364, 308.
Stillwater, General Lincoln wounded at,

i. 310.
Stockbridge, Joseph, i. 291, 298, 313, 322.
Stockbridge Mill, ii. 150.
Stockbridge, Thomas, i. 335.
Stockwell, Alonzo G., i. 355.
Stockwell, William J., i. 341; death of,

347.
Stoddard, Richard Henry, § ii. 226.
Stoddard's ) N , . ,?q
Stoddar's f JNecJc, i. 1/y.

[Note. — The surname which frequently
appears in the military chapter as
Stodar, Stoddar, Stoddard, Stoder, and
Stodder is given the latter spelling here,
it being the most numerous of the list.]

Stodder, Abijah, i. 298.

Stodder, Alfred W. (Marshfield), i. 341.

Stodder, Asahel, i. 308.

Stodder, Caleb, Jr., i. 335.

Stodder, Charles H. F., i. 342, 348, 361.

Stodder, Daniel, i. 258, 267, 299, 301, 319,
U. S. N., 365.

Stodder, David, i. 269, 333.

Stodder, Demerick, i. 342; killed at Gettys-
burg, 353.

Stodder, Ebed, i. 326, 333.

Stodder, Edgar P., i. 348, 361.

Stodder, Enoch, i. 267, 292, 297, 299, 315,
316.

Stodder, Franklin A., i. 349.

Stodder, George W., i. 352.

Stodder, Henry, i. 335.

Stodder, Hosea, i. 282, 284, 313, 322, 335.

Stodder, Isaac, i. 279.

Stodder, Isaiah, i. 292, 301, 309.

Stodder, Israel, i. 297.

Stodder, Jacob, i. 278, 282, 301.
Stodder, James, i. 283, 301, 318; Major,

331.
Stodder, John, i. 287.
Stodder, John Henry, i. 361.
Stodder, Laban, i. 286, 292.
Stodder, Luther, i. 333.
Stodder, Matthew, i. 333.
Stodder, Moses, i. 321.
Stodder, Nathaniel, i. 263, 265, 278, 284,

286, 291, 298, 313, 314, 325.
Stodder, Noah, i. 293, 297, 298, 299, 315.
Stodder, Othniel, i. 277, 282, 284.
Stodder, Reuben, i. 282, 284; Jr., 319.
Stodder, Richard, i. 268.
Stodder, Samuel, i. 237, 319, 333, 334 (2).
Stodder, Samuel (Scituate), i. 280.
Stodder, Stephen, i. 279, 282, 291, 299,

318.
Stodder, Thomas, i. 278, 286 (2), 298, 318.
Stodder, Warren, i. 333.
Stodder, Washington I., i. 353, 361 ; death

of, 353.
Stodder, William, i. 283.
Stodder, Zebulon, i. 258, 261.
Stone Bounds, i. 191.
Stony Brook, i. 167.
Stony Hill, i. 196.

Stoughton, an address at the consecration
and installation of Mount Zion Royal
Arch Chapter in, ii. 221.
Stoves and tinware, manufacturers and

dealers in, ii. 178.
Stoves for the schools, votes of the town

relating to, ii. 92.
Stowell, Bela, i. 278, 286.
Stowell, Benjamin, i. 268, 287; Jr., 315,

318.
Stowell, Israel, i. 282, 284, 311, 323.
Stowell, Issachar, i. 284.
Stowell, John, i. 267.
Stowell, Joshua, i. 278, 282, 284, 311, 318,

319.
Stowell, Obadiah. i. 263, 265, 284, 286.
Stowell, Seth, i. 284, 310, 311.
Stowell's Hill, i. 181.
Stowell, Stephen, i. 311, 323; Jr., 286.
Stowers, Elijah, i. 287.
Stowers, Joseph, i. 263.
Stowers, Seth, i. 260, 261, 280, 316 ; Lieut,
279, 286, 287 ; Capt., 285, 287, 299, 309,
319, 322, 329.
St. Paul [Roman Catholic], Church of,

ii. 79, 80.
Strait's Pond, i. 166.
Strait's Pond Mills, ii. 155.
Strawberry Hill, steamboat route to,

ii. 248, 250, 251.
Strengthening the dam at Accord Pond

by a core wall of concrete, ii. 268.
Studies in the public schools (1857) re-
vised, ii. 98.
Studley, Horace L., died in the service,

i. 349.
Sturtevant, Jame9 S., i. 341.
Stutson, Benj , i. 283.

Index to History.

425

Suction engine, the first purchase of a,
and subsequent abandonment of the
" Bucket Tub," ii. 258.
Suffield, an ordination sermon delivered

at, ii. 204.
Sulky, former use of the, as a means of

conveyance for physicians, ii. 326.
Sullivan, John, i. 347.
Sullivan, Philip, i. 345, 358.
Sullivan, references to the command of

General, i. 314, 317, 373.
Sulphuric ether, its applicability to pre-
vent pain in surgical operations, ii. 207.
Sunday School of the First Parish, ad-
dress in Forrest Sanctuary before the,
ii. 231.
Sunday Schools, formation of, ii. 50, 57,

63, 66, 67, 72, 77.
Sunset Rock, i. 169.

Superintendent of the public schools,
recommendation of a, and list of those
elected to the office, ii. 98.
Supper, or Super Island, i. 158.
Supplies for the army, i. 324.
Supplies furnished to the enemy by a

townsman, i. 288.
Surgeons in the army, i. 325, 327, 344 ;

ii. 316, 320.
Surgeons on armed vessels during the

Revolution, ii. 317, 324.
Surnames of the descendants of the early
settlers of Hingham serving in the
Revolution and Civil War, lists and
number of, i. 328, 368, 369.
Surrender and massacre at Fort William

Henry, i. 261.
Surrender of Fort Frontenac by the
French to the English and Colonists,
i. 206.
Sutton, John, i. 283.
Sutton Rocks, i. 158.

Swamps, location and names of, i. 5, 181.
Swan, Aaron D., i. 359.
Swears, Henry, killed at Fredericksburg,
i. 344.

Talbot, John T., i. 358.

Tanneries, proprietors of, ii. 166.

Tapp, Anton, i. 344, 359.

Tarbell, George Grosvenor, t ii. 323.

Tariff, A review of the, ii. 198.

Tarrytown, Andre' captured at, i. 301.

Taunt, Jonathan, i. 260.

Taverns and public houses, i. 161. 163 (2),
174, 180 (2), 183, 185, 186 (4), 187, 190,
193, 194 (2), 197, 198, 337, 338 (2).

Taxes abated on account of depredations
by Indians, i. 247.

Taxes of 1688, how they were, or could
be, paid, ii. 184.

Taylor, William, i. 342, 353.

Teacher in the Church of the First Parish,
early, ii. 2, 36.

Teachers at the Derby Academy, precep-
tors and preceptresses, ii. 141.

Teachers at the Willard Academy, ii.

143.
Teachers, in the early history of the town
publi.c sentiment favored the employ-
ment of single men only as, ii. 85.
Teachers in the public schools, list of, ii.

110-115.
Teakes, Levi, i. 300.

Tea on three ships in Boston Harbor
thrown overboard, persons who per-
formed the heroic act, i. 273.
Telegraph, introduction of the Gamewell

System of fire alarm, ii. 260.
Temperance organizations in Hingham

since 1830, list of, ii. 297, 298.
Teol, or Scot, Joseph, i. 317.
Territory occupied by prominent tribes of

Indians, i. 212.
Testimony of Scripture against the Trin-
ity, Outline of the, ii. 229.
Tettler, James, i. 357.
Text preached from on the conclusion of
the first century of our local history,
ii. 30.
Texts on special occasions from which
sermons were delivered, ii. 22, 25 (4),
28 (2), 29, 30,33,35, 38, 227.
Texas Question, The Duty of Moral Re-
flection with particular reference to the,
ii. 225.
Thanksgiving discourses, proclamations,
and sermons, ii. 194, 195 (3), 201, 205,
217, 227.
Thatcher's Military History, reference to,

i. 318.
Thaxter, Benjamin, i. 263; Lieut., 270.
Thaxter, David, 1 ii. 340.
Thaxter, Duncan McB., Capt, i. 332.
Thaxter, Ezekiel, t ii. 323.
Thaxter, Francis, Quartermaster, i. 332.
Thaxter, Gridley, t i. 293, 327 ; ii. 324.
Thaxter, Henry, Paymaster, i. 336.
Thaxter House, the'old, i. 188.
Thaxter, Jacob, i. 277, 292 (2), 297.
Thaxter, John, Capt., Lieut.-Col., Colonel,

i. 223 264 269 270.
Thaxter, John, 1 Lieut., i. 336; ii. 340 (2).
Thaxter, Jonathan, i. 287.
Thaxter, Joseph,* Chaplain in the army,
and present at the battles of Bunker
Hill, of Princeton, and Trenton. See
references to, i. 289, 301, 327 ; ii. 351.
Thaxter, Joseph, i. 269 ; Capt., 269.
Thaxter, Laban, i. 286, 308.
Thaxter, Quincy, Adjutant, i. 331.
Thaxter, Robert, Surgeon's Mate, i. 331 ;

t ii. 324.
Thaxter, Samuel, Colonel, and one of his

Majesty's council, i. 261, 262.
Thaxter, Samuel, Capt, Major, saved
from the massacre at Fort William
Henry by a French officer, other refer-
ences to, i. 255, 256, 258, 261, 262, 280,
333.
Thaxter, Samuel, i. 298.
Thaxter's Bridge, i. 198.

426

Index to History.

Thaxter, Seth, i. 326.
Thaxter, Thomas, i. 230, 237.
Thaxter, Thomas, t ii. 323, 32G.
Thaxter, Thomas, Quartermaster, i. 331,

333.
Thayer, Bela, i. 335.
Thayer, Elihu, Jr., Lieut., i. 339.
Thayer, Hingham men in the company,

and regiment, of Ebenezer, i. 2G3, 323.
Thayer, Timothy, i. 2'J9, 301.
Thayer, Warren, i. 335.
The Free Christian Mission, ii. 68, 69.
Theology as a Study in Schools, Natural,

i. 217.
Thespian Dramatic Cluh, ii. 306.
The town of Hingham in the late Civil

War, ii. 197, 201, 213.
The trees and shrubs of Hingham, beauty
and utility of the different species ; their
habits, where located, and conditions of
growth ; measurements of some notable
trees, i. 139-156.
Third (afterwards Second) Parish, South

Hingham, ii. 40-48.
Third Congregational Society (Unita-
rian), ii. 32, 49-56.
Third Division lane, and woods, i. 190,

191.
Thisining, Nathan, i. 317.
Thirty-second Regiment M. V. I., Com-
panies A, E, and F, and number of
Hingham men in the, i. 347.
Thomas, Alpheus (South Scituate), i.

342.
Thomas, Benjamin, Lieut., Quartermas-
ter, A. A. Q. M., i. 359, 367.
Thomas, Benjamin, Jr., Lieut., i. 337.
Thomas, Edwin, Lieut., Capt., i. 356,367.
Thomas, Francis, Lieut., Adjutant, Bri-
gade Inspector, killed at Gettysburg,
i. 344, 367.
Thomas, George, i. 346.
Thomas, Hiram, i. 353.
Thomas, Joseph M., i. 351 ; 2d Lieut., 369,

367.
Thomas, Nathaniel Ray, i. 288.
Thomas, regiment of Colonel, i. 268.
Thomas, regiment of General John, i. 289,

290, 291.
Thomas's foundry and pond, i. 171.
Thomas, Wallace, i. 355.
Thomas, William H, i. 349.
Thompson, Daniel J., U. S. N., i. 365.
Thompson, Michael F., death of i. 362.
Thompson, William, i. 366.
Thomson, Henry, i. 313.
Thorn, Joseph, i. 238.
Thorn, Reuben, i. 283.
Three Hundred Acres, The, i. 184.
Tibbits, Henry (Boston), i. 313.
Ticonderoga, Hingham soldiers at, i. 300,
307 ; other references to, 257, 265, 284.
Tidmarsh, William, i. 298, 308.
Tillage and woodland, increase in the de-
mand for, ii. 184, 185.
Tilson, Jonathan,* ii. 60.

Tilton, Frank H., died in the service,

i. 360.
Timmons, Charles, i. 357.
Tinsley, Thomas, died at Chancellors-

ville, i. 352.
Tinware, stoves, etc., manufacturers and

dealers in, i. 178.
Tirrell, Benjamin, i. 255.
Tirrell, Edwin F., 2d Lieut., i. 359, 367.
Tisbury (Martha's Vineyard), sermon by

Rev. Henry Lincoln preached at, ii.

213.
Tisdale, Charles H., i. 355.
Titcomb, regiment of Colonel Jonathan,

i. 309.
Titterton, John, i. 335.
Tittling Rock, i. 164.
Todd, John, killed at Sackett's Harbor,

1. ooo.

Todd, John, Lieut., Quartermaster, i.

Todd, Samuel, i. 278, 287.

Todd, William, G.,* ii. 55.

Togus, Me., addresses at, ii. 226.

Toll House, i. 179.

Tonnage of vessels (in 1737 and 1768)

owned in Hingham, ii. 170, 171.
Topography of Hingham, The, i. 3.
Torrey, Frank J., i. 355.
Torrey, , Lieut, of Weymouth, i.

217.
Torrey, William C, i. 359.
Tour to Illinois and Wisconsin, ii. 212.
Tourill, Josiah, i. 259.
Toussaint L'Ouverture, a lecture on,

ii. 206.
Tower, Abraham, i. 273, 283.
Tower, Andrew, Acting Asst. Pavmaster

U. S. N., i. 364, 368.
Tower, Alvin, i. 341 ; death of, 346.
Tower, Bela, i. 279, 292, 299,310, 316 (2),

323, 333.
Tower, Charles, i. 351.
Tower, Daniel, i. 249, 203, 267 ; Jr., 265,

270.
Tower, David, i. 266.
Tower, Elisha, Jr , i. 263.
Tower, George F. i. 349.
Tower, Isaac, i. 283.
Tower, Isaiah, i. 260 (2), 292, 335.
Tower, Isaiah F., Capt., i. 364, 367.
Tower, James, i. 279, 286, 292, 299, 316,

318.
Tower, Jesse, i. 283, 299.
Tower, Job, i. 263, Capt., 329.
Tower, John, Sr., and his descendants,

ii. 199.
Tower, John (killed), i. 325.
Tower, Jos., i. 319.
Tower, Joseph, i. 279 ; Jr., 265.
Tower, Joshua, i. 279 ; Lieut., 292, 310,

329.
Tower, Joshua, i. 335, 336.
Tower, Joshua, Jr., Lieut., Capt., i. 338.
Tower, Joshua, killed at Morrisania, i.

313.

Index to History.

427

Tower, Laban, i. 279, 287, 299, 310, 316,
318.

Tower, Leavitt, i. 335.

Tower, Levi, i. 283, 298, 301.

Tower, Martin, i. 292, 297,316.

Tower, Math, i. 279.

Tower, Molali, i. 323.

Tower, Moses, i. 335.

Tower, Nath'll, i. 280 (2).

Tower, Peter, i. 301, 318.

Tower, Richard, i. 319.

Tower, Robert, i. 258,259.

Tower, Rufus, i. 287,310.

Tower, Samuel, i. 260.

Tower's Bridge, i. 191.

Tower, Shad rich, i. 2G5.

Tower's Lane, i. 160.

Tower, Stephen, i. 279, 286, 292, 301.

Town Aid to Soldiers, Volunteers, and
their Families, i. 349, 350, 355, 357, 362.

Town Brook, i. 175, 181.

Town Clerk, the first, i. 204.

Town Farm, i. 181.

Town House, cost of, when erected, and
where located, ii. 382.

Town-meeting, the first, and data con-
cerning, i. 203.

Town-meetings, up to 1844, where held,
ii. 382 (4).

Town-meeting to consider a complaint
about an Indian, i. 239.

Town of Hingham, Annual Reports of
the, ii. 236, 238.

Town Pound, i. 194.

Town Seal, date of its adoption, ii. 386.

Towns embraced in the Boston Basin, i.
38-44.

Townsend, Robert, i. 260.

Towns required, by a law of 1642, to
maintain a school, ii. 83.

Town Street, i. 186, 187, 197.

Trabbitts, Edward, i. 351.

Tracy, Edward L., i. 345.

Trainband, fines to members of the, ii.
11, 12.

Training-band, and Alarm List, captains
of the, i. 228, 308.

Training-field, the early, i. 229, 373.

Tranquillity Grove, i. 197.

Transactions of the Hingham Agricul-
tural and Horticultural Society, and
names of persons who have prepared
the same for the press. Included in
the list is " A Catalogue of Antique
Articles shown in the Centennial
Department at the Eighteenth Annual
Exhibition," ii. 233-235. See also ii.
188-192.

Transportation Expenses in the Revolu-
tion, Notes relating to, i. 311.

Trask, Samuel, i. 255.

Trask, Sumner A., i. 348.

Trawhaw, the Acadian family of, i.
257.

Treaty of 1793 with the Indian tribes, i.
212.

Trenton, brilliant achievement of the

army at, i. 301.
Trinitarian Doctrines, Reasons for not

Believing, ii. 218.
Trinitarians and Calvinists, Letters to, ii.

227.
Trip-Hammer Pond, i 190, 196.
Tripoli, served with Decatur during the

trouble with, i. 333.
Troop of Horse, with John Thaxter as

commander, i. 247, 248, 264, 270.
Troops driven away from Grape Island,

the King's, i. 288.
Troops raised for the Defence of Rhode

Island, i. 303.
Troops recalled into service in Philip's

War, i. 240.
Trowbridge, Henry, U. S. N., i. 365.
Trufant, company of Capt. Joseph, i.

300.
Trunks, saddlery, and harnesses, manufac-
turers and dealers in, ii. 168.
Trussell, John M., Acting 3d Asst.

Engineer U. S. N., i. 365, 368.
Trustees and trust funds of the Derby

Academy and School, ii. 127, 139, 140.
Trustees, and trust funds of the Hing-
ham Public Library, list of, ii. 150-
152, 154.
Trustees and trust funds other than
the preceding. See chapters on
Ecclesiastical History, Education, and
Public Institutions.
Tucker's Hill, and Swamp, i. 178, 181.
Tufts, Robert, i. 345.
Tugmanug, its characteristics and sur-
roundings, i. 170, 193.
Tulley, Hubert J., i. 351.
Tupper, regiment of Colonel, i. 327.
Turkey-Hill Lane, and Meadows, i. 167,

191 193
Turkey-Hill Run, i. 193.
Turner, Joshua D., Lieut., Capt., i. 337.
Turnpike Corporation, The Hingham and

Quincy Bridge and, ii. 385.
Turnpike, the, i. 181.
Turtle Island, i. 168.
Tyler, Alfred, i. 359.
Tyler, regiment of Colonel Nathan, i. 321.

Ufford, Edward S. * ii. 60.

Umbrella and parasol manufactory,
number of hands employed, and pro-
prietors of the, ii. 176, 177.

Underwood, Jonas, t ii. 324.

Union Hotel, references to the, i. 187,
338.

Union Singing Society, The Hingham, ii.
303.

Unitarian denomination, and its min-
isters, the, ii. 1-56.

Unitarians, Letters by Dr. Leonard
Woods to, ii. 227.

United Social Society, of South Hing-
ham, ii. 77, 78.

428

Index to History.

United States and Mexican Boundary
Survey, ii. 209.

United States, A Popular History of the,
ii. 206.

United States, Attorney-General of the,
ii. 333.

United States Soldiers' Home, Togus, Me.,
Governor of the, i. 347.

United States, treaty acknowledging the
independence of the, i. 329.

United States, Young People's History of
the, ii. 216.

Universalist Society, ministers, and per-
sons named in the Act incorporating
the First, ii. 65. 66.

Upham, Charles W".,* § ii. 227.

Upliolstery, carriage, and military trim-
mings ; cords, tassels, etc. ; two of the
buildings used in this manufacture
destroyed by fire ; dedication of the
spacious structure in which the busi-
ness is now carried on, ii. 161, 162.

Usefulness of public and social libraries
"for the promotion of Knowledge,
Religion, and Virtue," and also as a
source for reference, ii. 144, 145.

Use of Old Colony Lodge rooms, A. F.
and A. M. granted to a committee in
1861 for furnishing aid to the soldiers,
ii. 293.

Usher, Irving Eugene, * ii. 61.

Utensils used in olden time in extinguish
ing fires, ii. 257, 305, 306.

Vacations in the public schools, rules

and regulations of the School Com-
mittee concerning, ii. 94, 95.
Valedictory Address to the two branches

of the Legislature of Massachusetts,

ii. 195.
Valley Forge, a winter of suffering at,

i. 314.
Vessels captured by the enemy in the

Revolution and destroyed, i. 334.
Vessels owned in Hingham before and

up to the middle of the present century,

ii. 170-172.
Vestry built in the basement of the

Baptist Meeting-house ; its subsequent

enlargement, ii. 59, 60.
Veteran Reserve Corps, Hingham men

who served in the, i. 343, 344, 345, 346,

348 (4), 349, 352 (2), 353 (2), 355, 357

(16).
Veto Power, Use and Abuse of the, ii. 216.
Vickery, Israel, i. 238.
Victory of General Stark, the, i. 311.
View of Zion, a sermon preached at the

Baptist Church in Hingham, ii. 211.
Vinal, Dexter, i. 362.
Vindication of Proceedings of the First

Church and Parish in Hingham, A, ii.

232.
Vinson, Thomas, Lieut., Lieut.-Colonel,

i. 323, 329, 331.

Virgil, The iEneid of ii. 215.

Virginia campaign, close of the, i. 326.

Vogell, Henry B., i. 362.

Voluminous writers, ii. 194, 204, 205, 208,
214, 215, 220, 225, 226, 227, 228, 334.

Volunteer companies, the fire department
manned by, ii, 259.

Vose, Hingham men in the regiment of
Colonel, i. 313, 325.

Votes of the town relating to military
affairs during the Civil War, to recruit-
ing, and to State and town aid for the
families of soldiers, i. 349, 350, 355, 357,
362.

Votes of the town relating to schools, ii.
85, 86, 87, 88, 91, 92.

Votes of the town relating to the accep-
tance of the Act " to supply the town of
Hingham with pure water," ii. 265 (5).

Wade, James H., Capt., i. 353, 307.

Wages of nurses early in the present cen-
tury, ii. 326.

Wakely's Meadow, i. 174.

Wall, Daniel J., i. 351.

Wall, Joseph N. i. 362.

Walnut Angle, i. 161.

Walnut Hill, i. 167.

Walton's Cove, or Wampum Cove, i. 177.

Walton. William,* ii. 352.

Ward, Benjamin, i. 279, 291, 292, 301, 316,
325.

Ward, Capt., of Scarboro, i 250.

Ward, Edward, i. 253; Capt., 264, 266,
280.

Ward, General, with five regiments
remains in Boston for its protection,
i. 294.

Ward, Jonathan, i. 265.

Ward, Samuel, Second Major, i. 323.

Ward's Hill, i. 174.

Wards, early and present boundaries, or
divisions of the town by, i. 252.

Ward Street, Old, i. 182.

Ware, A Discourse on the Life and Char-
acter of Rev. Henry, ii. 220.

Ware, Henry, * § ii. 26, 31, 220, 227.

Ware, Henry, Jr., * § ii. 227, 352.

Ware, John, t § ii. 229, 325.

Ware, ordination of Rev. William, ii. 228.

Ware, sermon at the ordination of Rev.
Henry, ii. 210.

Ware, William, * § ii. 228, 230. 353.

Warner, company of Capt , i. 313.

War of 1812, reference to the, i. 333.

Warren, General, i. 289.

Warrick (Worrick), Jesse, i. 283.

War, the town of Hingham in the Civil,
ii. 201, 213.

Wars of the Country, number of Hing-
ham men in the different, i. 203, 214,
269, 326, 327, 329, 366, 367.

Washington, an oration delivered in
Hingham on the birth and death of
General George, ii. 215.

Index to History.

429

Washington chosen Commander-in-chief
of the Continental Army, i. 290 ; enters
Boston, i. 294 ; the guards and head-
quarters of General, i. 301, 313.

Washington, D. C, addresses and
speeches in the House of Representa-
tives at, ii. 215, 216 (2).

Washington enters New York and bids
farewell to his comrades, i. 330.

Washington Guards of Bingham, forma-
tion and discontinuance of the, i. 339.

Washingtonian reform, the, ii. 198.

Washington, sermons occasioned by the
death of General George, ii. 227

Washington, William, Colonel, i. 313.

Water Company, Act of the Legislature
incorporating the Bingham ; corporate
members, list of officers first chosen,
and present government of the, ii. 265-
270.

Water from Accord Pond ; first person to
receive it in his house faucet, and first
stream thrown near the railroad sta-
tion; pipes extended to Bull and Jeru-
salem road ; pumping station erected
at Weir River ; number of miles, number
of hydrants, and number of customers
supplied by the, ii. 268-270.

Waterman, David, i. 263, 265.

Waterman, Thomas, Jr., i. 278, 291, 315.

Waters, Elijah, Jr., i. 291 ; Lieut., Capt.,
332.

Waters, Isaac, Lieut., i. 337.

Waters, Isaac G., i. 341, 352.

Waters, Jesse (?), i. 298.

Waters' Taverns, i. 186.

Waterston, Robert C, § ii. 230.

Water-works, committees appointed by
the town submit reports on, giving an
estimate of the cost, and recommending
the carrying on to completion the pro-
posed works; the town by its votes
refuses to adopt the recommendations,
and the Bingham Water Company sub-
sequently commence the work of con-
structing the, ii. 261-270.

Watson, John A., i. 361.

Wealth of the early settlers, the relative,
i. 203.

Weary-all Bill, i. 177.

Webber, Percy C* ii. 72.

Webb, John C, i. 338.

Webb, regiment of Colonel, i. 322, 325.

Weir River, and Bay, i. 1, 171, 185.

Weir River Lane, i. 194.

Welch, John, i. 359 (2).

Welles, ordination at Sanford of Rev.
Noah, ii. 210.

Wells, Charles L , * ii. 72.

Wells, the general unfitness of to supply
pure water for house use, ii. 262.

Welsh. Joseph W., i. 362.

West Bridge, i. 182.

West Dedham, sermon preached at the
ordination of Rev. Calvin S. Locke at,
ii. 225.

West End, i. 180.

West Indies, expeditions to the, i. 251, 252.
Weston, Thomas (Middleborough), Capt.,
Major, Lieut. -Colonel, Commander of
Post 104 G. A. R., Representative,
other reference to, i. 345, 367 ; ii. 158,
159.

West Point, military operations near, i.
328.

Weymouth, an oration delivered in the
South Parish of, ii. 221.

Weymouth attacked, and seven houses
destroyed by Indians, i. 239.

Weymouth Back River, i. 5, 179.

Weymouth, Bingham men in Capt.
Moses French's, and Capt. John Bol-
brook's companies of, i. 237, 309.

Weymouth Military Company at the
defence of Grape Island, i. 288, 289,
°73

Whale's Valley, i. 160.

Whaling business, notice concerning the,
ii. 173.

Wharves and piers, names of and refer-
ences to, ii. 174.

Wheaton, Christopher, i. 237.

Wheelock, Albert B., * ii. 68.

Wheelwright, Gershom, i. 283, 298.

Wheelwright, John, i. 263.

Wheelwrights and carriage makers, ii.
166.

Whiskey tax, speech at Washington, D.
C, concerning the, ii. 215.

Whiston, , i. 310.

Whitcomb, John, i. 283.

White, Benjamin, i. 301.

White, Elijah, i. 258, 259.

Whitehead, i. 158.

White-Borse Pond, i. 195.

White, James, i. 254.

White Oak Neck, i. 184.

White Oak Plain, i. 185.

White, William, Paymaster, i. 338.

Whiting, Memoir of Martha, ii. 198.

Whitman, Benry, i. 357.

Whitney, Benry Austin, § ii. 231.

Whitnev, Nicholas Bowes, * § ii. 45, 46,
231.

Whitney, Peter, * § ii. 231.

Whitney, Phineas, * § ii. 231.

Whitney, Regiment of Colonel Josiah, i.
299, 300, 301.

[Note. — The surnames, Whiten, Whi-
ting, Whitten, Whiton, and Whitton,
which often refer to one person in the
Military chapter, are all indexed Whi-
ton ; it being by far the most numer-
ous spelling of the descendants of
James Whiton found in this history.]

Whiton, Abel, i. 279, 282, 284, 311, 316,
317,318.

Whiton, Abijah, i. 263, 279, 282, 284,
311.

Whiton, Abraham, i. 279, 292.

Whiton, Alfred B., Mas.-at-Arms U. S. N.,
i. 365.

430

Index to History.

Whiton, Amasa, i. 279, 292.

Whiton, Arehelaus, i. 383.

Whiton, Benjamin, i. 279, 292, 316 (2).

Whiton, Benjamin S., Lieut., i. 338, 304,

367.
Whiton, Charles, i. 335.
Whiton, Daniel, i. 292; Jr., 335.
Whiton, David, Lieut., i. 332.
Whiton, Elias, i. 278, Lieut., Capt., 282,

292, 318, 319, 329.
Whiton, Elijah, i. 279, 287, 292, 297 ; 2d

Lieut. 331; Jr., 291, 321.
Whiton, Elijah L., Lieut., i. 338.
Whiton, Elisha.i. 292, 318, 322.
Whiton, Enoch, i. 338 ; Capt., 270, 278,

318, 329.
Whiton, Ezekiel, i. 279.
Whiton, Hosea, i. 282, 284, 335.
Whiton, Isaac, i. 299, 318 (?), 335.
Whiton, Isaiah, i. 335.
Whiton, Israel, i. 284, 280, 313, 323.
Whiton, Jacob, i. 287, 298, 300, 320, 321.
Whiton, James, i. 237.
Whiton, Job S. i. 333.
Whiton, John C. Capt., Lieut.-Col.,

Colonel, i. 350, 359, 307.
Whiton, Jonathan, i. 255, 205, 279, 292.
Whiton, Joseph, i. 284 (2), 335.
Whiton, Joseph J., Capt., i. 335.
Whiton, Joseph M., i. 339.
Whiton, Luther, i. 335.
Whiton, Lyman B. i. 341, Lieut., Major,

Commander of Post 104 G. A. K. 341,

348, 350, 367.
Whiton, Moses, i. 279, 287, 292, 297,

317.
Whiton, Moses L. Lieut , Cant., i. 339.
Whiton, Peleg, i. 310, 323.
Whiton, Peter, i. 284, 280, 311.
Whiton, Samuel, i. 284 ; Jr., 292.
Whiton, Silvanus, i. 335.
Whiton, Solomon, i. 205, 206, 279, 292,

316 (2).
Whiton, Stephen, i. 286, 299, 320 ; Capt.,

329.
Whiton, Theophilus, i. 335.
Whiton, Walter, i.333; Major, and killed

in battle, 334.
Whiton, Webster A., Capt., i. 364, 367.
Whiton, William S., i. 341.
Whiton, Zachariah, i. 279,292,316; Lieut.,

Capt, 317, 318, 322, 323, 329.
Whiton, Zenas, i. 292, 308.

Whiton, . i. 310.

Widow's Rock, i. 168.

Wielele, John, i. 317.

Wigglesworth, regiment of Colonel, i.

310,313.
Wigwam, The, i. 179, 197.
Wilcutt, Job, i. 298.
Wilcutt, John, i. 263, 298, 316.
Wilcutt, Joseph, i. 299, 321.
Wilcutt, Thomas, i. 299.
Wilcutt, Zebulon, i. 298, 318.
Wilde, James, t ii. 325.
Wilder, Abel, i. 255, 258.

Wilder, Albert, died from wounds

received in the Civil War, i. 355.
Wilder, Benjamin, i. 335; Lieut., 337.
Wilder Charitable Eund, the, ii. 285.
Wilder, Charles E., died in the Civil

War, i. 358.
Wilder, Daniel, i. 279, 292, 299, 318 ; Lieut.,

331.
Wilder, David, i. 263, 277, 282.
Wilder, Edward, i. 231, 237, 279, 292, 316,

Lieut., Capt., 331, 332, 333.
Wilder, Edward, Jr., i. 332; Lieut., 333.
Wilder, Ephraim, i. 237.
Wilder, Ezra, Jr., i. 349.
Wilder, George, i. 349.
Wilder, Isaac, i. 308.
Wilder, Isaiah, i. 293, 297, 298, 335.
Wilder, Jabez, i. 300, Lieut., Capt., 315,

316, 323, 329.
Wilder, James Humphrey, § ii. 231.
Wilder, John, i. 253.
Wilder, Joseph, i. 279, 2S6, 299, 309, 332,

OOQ

uoo.

Wilder, Joshua, i. 349.

Wilder, Joshua, § ii. 231.

Wilder, Laban, i. 335.

Wilder Memorial, completion, dedica-
tion, and description of, ii. 285-288.

Wilder, Nathaniel, i. 332, 348; 2d, 301.

Wilder, Peter, i. 287, 308, 323.

Wilder, Robert, i. 318.

Wilder, Samuel, Jr., i. 292.

Wilder's Bridge, i. 195.

Wilder, Seth, i. 207, 282, 311, 318, 319.

Wilder, Sketch of the Life of Martin,'
ii. 285.

Wilder's Tavern, i. 180, 337.

Wilder, Theophilus, Lieut., Capt., i. 270,
278,299, 310 (3), 311 (2), 313, 310 (2),
321 323 329

Wilder, Thomas, i 280, 292, 300, 310, 317.

Wilder, Zenas, i. 279, 292, 316.

Wild flowers and roadside plants, i. 85-
138.

Wild flowers of America, ii. 225.

Wild, John, i. 316.

Will and codicil of Sarah Derby, ii. 125,
126.

Willard Academy, date of erection,
Teachers at the, change of pro-
prietorship, and destruction of the
building by fire, ii. 143, 161.

Willard, Horatio P., died in the Civil
War, i. 349.

Williard, Samuel, * § ii. 231, 354.

Williams, Capt. John Foster, i. 307.

Williams, James H., i. 362.

Williams, Regiment of Colonel Joseph, i.
264, 266.

Wilson, Don Pedro, i. 355, 356.

Wilson, John E., i. 361.

Wilson, Mark (Falmouth), i. 313 (2).

Wilton, Thomas (Boston), i. 313.

Winchendon, Memorial Day Exercises
and Oration at, ii. 215.

Winchester, Samuel, i, 262.

Index to History.

431

Winslow, John, Capt., Colonel, General, i.

252, 254, 255, 256, 262.
Winslow (Josiah), Governor-General,

and Commander-in-Chief of Plymouth

Colony, i. 236, 239.
Winslow, Philo C, i. 357.
Winthrop's account of the early con-
troversy in Ilingham, ii. 5-16.
Wire Bridge, The, ii. 244.
Wisconsin, Geological Survey and

Palaeontology of the State of, ii. 209.
Wolfe, George, i. 341.
Wolfe, George A., i. 349, 361.
Woman's Relief Corps, Presidents and

Membership of the, i. 369, 370.
Woman, The Duty and Dignity of, ii.

221.
Wompatuck Encampment, No. 18 I. O.

O. F., its brief History in Hingham,

and removal to East Weymouth, ii.

295, 290.
Wompatuck House, i. 174.
Woodcock's Run, i. 171.
Woodcock, William, i. 237.
Woodman, John (Paxton or Hingham),

i. 313,327.
Wood, Nelson T., i. 358.
Woodward, Benjamin, i. 283.
Woodward, Daniel, i. 324.

Woollen and Knit Goods, manufacturers

of, ii. 162, 163.
Woollen factory at Weir River, destroyed

by fire, the, ii. 161.
Worcester County, Judge of Probate for,

ii. 333.
Worcester, Memoirs of Rev. Noah, D. D.,

ii. 229.
Workman, Conrad, i. 317.
World's End, i. 173.
World's End Bar, i. 172.
Wright, Reuben, i. 324.

Yager, Conrad P., died in the Civil
War, i. 364.

Yarmouth, " The Levite not to be Mis-
taken," a sermon preached at, ii. 205.

York County, Me., address in, ii. 229.

Yorktown, siege of, and victory at, i.
304, 325, 326, 329.

Young, Charles C, i. 354.

Young, Joshua, * ii. 54, 293.

Zenobia, or The Fall of Palmyra, ii. 230.

-, Jona, i. 278.
-, Joseph, i. 279.
-, Timothy, i. 286.

OMISSIONS.

Accord Pond, ii. 268.
Cain, Daniel, i. 284, 286.
Cain, David, i. 310.
Caine, Arthur, i. 226.

Cain, Jonathan, i. 286.
Cameron, Ronald (Boston), i. 320.
Chaplains in the army, ii. 27.
Fagan, Gerald, * ii. 80.

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