I

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A History of Yale Athletics

1840-1888

GIVING EVERY CONTEST WITH

HARVARD, PRINCETON, PENNSYLVANIA, COLUMBIA, WESLEYAN,

AND OTHERS IN

Rowings Foot Ball^ Base Ball^ Track AthleticSj Tennis^

By RICHARD M. HURD, Yale, '88.

With Illustrations and complete Tables of Statistics.

NEW HAVEN, CONN.:

R. M. HuRD, 241 Lawrance Hall,

Yale University.

COPYRIGHT, 1888

BY R. M. HURD,

NEW HAVEN, CONN.

rUTTLE, MOREHOUSE A TAYLOR, PRINTERS,

Rowing — 184.3-1888.

PERIOD PREVIOUS TO INTERCOLLEGIATE RACES

1843-1852

To Yale College belongs the honor of having the oldest rowing club in America. On the 24th of May, 1843, ^ four-oared Whitehall boat arrived in New Haven under the charge of William J. Weeks, '44. In the ownership of this, seven men from the class of '44 were associated, the expense to each for the year's rowing being $7.19. Stimulated by their example, the students purchased three other boats, a Whitehall boat, a log canoe and a lapstreak gig for eight oars. In these the oarsmen in- dulged in friendly " scrub races," and took many long pulls, the longest being across the Sound. The first Yale boat race in which stipulated agreements were made beforehand, occurred in the summer of 1844, when the crew of the dug-out canoe challenged the crew of the lapstreak gig to a race to the Lighthouse, some four miles from the starting-point. One of the conditions of the race was that the start should be made when both crews were upon the pier ; so that the skill and practice of the crew of the dug-out in getting her Irom her moorings and on board should counterbalance the natural advan- tage of the light boat. Another stipulation was that neither of the crews should do anything to their boats in the meantime, in the way of cleansing or preparing the bottom in any way for the race. On the day appointed, the crews leaped into their boats and struck out into the stream. All went well with both crews while they were

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in the swift current under the bridge, but when the still water was reached the gig seemed to hang strangely between each stroke. The crew redoubled their efforts, but finding this of no avail, and becoming aware that some trick had been played upon them, put for the shore. Here it was discovered that a stout ring had been screwed into the keelson of the gig and a good-sized boulder attached. It was the universal belief that neither crew had broken any of the articles of agreement, in doing anything to the bottoms of their own boat.

One year after the advent of the Pioneer, the first Yale boat, a thirty-foot, six-oared craft, called the Excelsior, was launched, which was the first race boat built for Yale. This, being manned by a crew of strong and good oarsmen, gave a great impetus to racing and good boat building at Yale. In 1845, the Augusta was bought for $170, which had cost to build some years before, $300. In 1847 also the eight-oared, thirty-eight foot Shawmut was purchased, in which the first race against Harvard was rowed. In 185 1 three boats were bought, in 1852 two boats, and in 1853 two more, making in all fifteen boats owned by class clubs of Yale undergraduates dur- ing the first ten years of the existence of rowing as a recognized pastime at Yale. Of these six were eight- oared, six four-oared, and three six-oared, and all but four were bought second-hand.

INTERCOLLEGIATE PERIOD

1852

In this year Yale sent a challenge to Harvard, a short time before the summer vacation, and on August 3d, Harvard defeated Yale at Centre Harbor, Lake Winne- pisaukee. The race was rowed in eight-oared barges on a calm day over a course about two miles long. In the

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morning of the same day an informal or practice race was rowed over the same course, with the same result.

Some idea of the amount of preparation for this race may be had from the remark of one of the Harvard crew, that '* they had only rowed a few times for fear of blister- ing their hands." The only idea of training was the avoiding of pastry and sweets on the day of the race. The fittings of the boats used were very much like those of a man-of-war's gig now-a-days, each seat having a baize-covered cushion, the thole-pins being flat and fitted into the gunwale, and there being gratings at each end of the boat.

The effect of this race was to lead the Yale boat clubs to the idea of racing among themselves, and with this end in view, the six- active boat clubs in June, 1853, adopted a general constitution, by which they were known collec- tively as the '' Yale Navy." The chief officer of the ** Navy " was the Commodore, whose duty it was to make arrangements for an annual regatta. This office was first conferred upon Richard Waite, brother of the late Chief Justice of the United States, in recognition of his being the originator of the " Yale Navy." The intro- duction of systematized racing tended to a uniformity in the style of boat used, and the six-oared soon became the prevailing type.

1855

A challenge was again sent by Yale to Harvard in this year, and a race was rowed on the Connecticut River at Springfield, July 21. The day was showery with a light breeze, but with smooth water. The Yale crew rowed a short, jerky stroke, more than sixty to the minute, and although they had the better boats were no match for the powerful physique and real skill of the Harvard men. This race was watched by thousands and the excitement was very great.

8 ROWING.

1858

In May of this year a proposal was made in the Harvard Magazine to establish an annual Intercollegiate Regatta, and for this purpose delegates from Harvard, Brown, Trinity and Yale met at New Haven. This convention decided upon holding an annual regatta, the place for that year to be Springfield, and in future to be named one year in advance. The other stipulations were that the course should be three miles, either straight-away or with a turn, according to weather ; that each college should enter as many boats as it pleased, with or without coxswains, and of any description it pleased, and that an allowance of 1 1 seconds per extra oar should be made in favor of the smaller boats.

The sad accident of the drowning of Mr. George E. Dunham, '59, of the Yale crew, six days before the time appointed for the race, prevented the contest of this year. The work of the Harvard crew this year consisted in walking, running, gymnasium work, tossing 12 lb. cannon ball, etc. Their diet was severe, no vegetables but rice being allowed, no fish, only beef, mutton, stale bread, oat- meal gruel, and small quantities of milk and water. The most trying part of the training was the endurance of thirst.

1859

A meeting of delegates from the four colleges met at Providence, February 23d, at which it was voted that the next regatta should be held July 22 at Springfield or Worcester, but later the place selected for the race was changed to Lake Quinsigamond, and the date changed to July 26. On this day four boats competed, two from Harvard and one each from Brown and Yale. An en- croachment by the Avon, Harvard's second boat, com- pelled Yale to steer a wide course and Harvard's first boat getting a winning lead, Yale finished second. The

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next day, July 27th, Yale and Harvard were alone entered to compete for the Worcester Citizen's Prize. The race was an exciting one, the boats being nearly neck-and- neck throughout. At the mile the two boats fouled for a moment but got clear. Yale began to turn first, but turn- ing slowly, was lapped by Harvard as they started for the homestretch. Yale was rowing forty-eight and fifty to the minute, and for a moment falling to forty-six. Har- vard gained a clear length. As they neared the finish the Yale stroke calling for a spurt, sent the stroke up to forty-eight, fifty — sixty, and crossed the line two seconds ahead of Harvard. As Harvard rowed without a cox- swain she probably found the wind blowing across the course a disadvantage although it could hardly have im- peded her much, since she made the best time she had ever made.

The Harvard crew rowed in a new boat which was too light for them. The Yale crew rowed in a shell which they only received three days before the race and in which they used spoon oars ten and a half feet long in place of the twelve and a half and thirteen feet straight oars with which they had practiced in their lapstreaks. They were thus obliged to put their stroke up to fifty or sixty, in place of the thirty-eight they had been rowing. The chief points of their stroke were, a good strong catch, full thigh and loin movement before the oars were past the perpendicular, a clean feather and a prompt, easy recover. Their course of training was most severe. Their diet consisted of meat, oatmeal, and coarse bread, with occasional fruit. They ran four miles before break- fast, the last half mile at speed. At noon they pulled weights and wrestled for an hour, and in the evening they pulled the full course round the red buoy. Their average weight was 148 pounds which represents very '' fine " condition.

The result of this first victory over Harvard, was the establishment of a system of permanent boat clubs on the plan of the English college clubs, for the purpose of bet- ter organization. The clubs organized were three in num-

10 ROWING.

ber, the ''Glyuna," the "Varuna," and the ''Nixie," and the number of the members of each was unlimited.

The victory of this year likewise caused all the three lower classes in Yale to challenge the three correspond- ing classes in Harvard, of whom the Sophomores and Freshmen accepted.

The first Yale boat house was erected in this year, and consisted of a rough shed in which the boats could be stored. The boats had to be carried down and launched from the natural bank, which necessitated, at low water, several yards of walking through mud.

i860

The third Intercollegiate Regatta came off at Worces- ter, July 24th, with Harvard, Brown, and Yale competing in six-oared shells. The University race was rowed in good weather and won by Harvard, who also won both the Sophomore and Freshman races against the Yale Sophomores and Freshmen. All the Yale boats carried coxswains, while the Harvards did not. The Yale Uni- versity crew of this year was a strong one, but fell into the mistake of cultivating gymnasium muscle too much, and lacked practice together under favorable conditions. They had practiced so much in their shell in rough water that their stroke had become chopped, and the reach and play of the back and loins greatly lessened. Another mistake they made was that of adhering to a short stroke.

Owing largely to the breaking out of the Civil War, and partly, also, to obstacles put in the way of intercol- legiate contests by the Faculties of Harvard and Yale, no race was rowed between the two until 1864, although Yale made an attempt to institute a race in 1863.

Up to March, 1862, forty boats had been owned by the Yale Navy, of which eighteen remained, — ten shells, five common race boats and three barges. In the Fall of 1862, the undergraduates raised $1,000 for the erection of a new boat-house, but failing of help from the towns-

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people and receiving only $150 from graduates, the scheme would have failed entirely had not Professors Silliman, '37, and Oilman, '52, and Treasurer Kingsley, '34, advanced $2,000 which they borrowed on a mortgage of the prospective property. During the summer of 1863, a building was constructed ninety by fifty-five feet, which rested on piles driven in the fiats just north of the steam- boat storehouse. The entire cost of this was $3,400.

The manner in which boats were launched appears decidedly primitive. The piles on which the house stood were arranged in parallel rows, and between these the boats were lowered by tackle through doors in the floor- ing of the house. The crew descended by a ladder and walked along the keelson to their places, their oars being then handed to them. After a series of misadventures, a float was built in front of the house and the holes in the floor nailed up. The Navy now owning property needed some legal incorporation, so that in 1863 a law was passed by the Connecticut Legislature, by which the Yale Navy was authorized to exist, to hold and convey property and transact its affairs as it deemed convenient.

1864

Early in this year a meeting of delegates from Harvard and Yale was held at Springfield, at which it was agreed that no other colleges should be invited to contest besides the two represented. The race was rowed July 29th and resulted in a victory for Yale. The Harvard Sophomores, however, defeated the Yale Sophomores quite easily. Yale's University victory was almost entirely due to the untiring and enthusiastic efforts of Mr. Wilbur R. Bacon, '65, who was considered at that time to be the best oar that ever sat in a Yale boat.

Despite the discouraging outlook at the beginning of the year the best material at Yale was picked out and a green crew was kept at work and inspired by the energy of Bacon. The training they went through was tremen-

12 ROWING.

dous. It lasted in its severity about two months before the race. They rose at six, walked and ran before break- fast, on an absolutely empty stomach between three and five miles, — running more than one-half of the distance and part of that at full speed, — and often carried small weights in their hands. They rowed four miles at full speed both in the morning and in the afternoon. Their bill of fare consisted of beef and mutton, with occasional chicken, toasted bread, boiled rice and weak tea. No wine or beer and but few vegetables. This crew offered an excellent example of what good discipline and hard work can do, even though united with bad style, for that their form was poor, is undeniable.

1865

On the 28th of July, the annual regatta was rowed on Lake Quinsigamond, between Harvard and Yale only. Wilbur Bacon's crew had improved both in style and strength, and had an excellent boat. The Harvard boat was an experiment, being broad and flat with a slight keel, and was a decided failure.

The race was easily won by Yale in 17 min. 42 J/^ sec, the fastest time ever made in America for a three-mile race with a turn. In the Worcester Citizen's Regatta Yale again defeated Harvard.

1866

The defeats of the two previous years caused the Har- vard men to set to work in earnest this year. Beginning early in the Fall, they ran every other day five or six miles at half speed. Their system of diet became more liberal, the motto now being Keep all the flesh you can and do the prescribed work, instead of as formerly, train off all the flesh you can. This diet was kept up to the day of the race, the result being a well-trained crew in much fuller flesh than usual, but with no over-trained men in the boat. New weights were used, gymnastic exercise and outdoor

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walking and running practiced until in the Spring they could row on the river.

Both University crews were heavier this year than last, the Harvard crew averaging nearly 154 lbs., and Yale being heavier still. Harvard quickened the stroke she had used, up to 42-43 strokes, while Yale changed their short spasmodic stroke to a much longer and slower one, which they rowed, however, principally with their arms.

Harvard won the race easily by about half a minute, and the Harvard Scientifics likewise defeated the Yale Scientifics.

1867

On July 19th, at Lake Quinsigamond, the Seventh Intercollegiate Regatta was rowed between Harvard and Yale, and resulted in an easy victory for Harvard by over one minute. The Harvard crew trained on the same good principles they adopted the year before, and came to the line with a crew averaging 158^ lbs. In the Fresh- man race, the Yale crew defeated the Harvard. Both crews claimed a foul but both claims were disallowed.

1868

Great things were expected of the Harvard crew of this year, as they had made a remarkably good showing against the famous Ward brothers. These expectations were realized on the 24th of July, when Harvard defeated Yale by nearly a minute. Harvard rowed forty-five strokes to the minute and used rather shorter oars than are now used. Their time was 17 min. 48^^ sec, second only to that made by the Yale crew of 1865.

In this year rowing was reorganized at Yale, the ** English " scheme of boat clubs being abandoned and a Constitution of the Yale Navy being adopted, by which class clubs were formed, four from the Academic and one from the Sheffield Scientific School.

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1869

Ever since Harvard's severe defeat of Yale in 1867, negotiations had been going" on at intervals between Harvard and Oxford, and on the 27th of August a four- oared race was rowed between them from Putney to Mortlake, resulting in a victory for Oxford by six seconds. Considering the fact that two of the Harvard men were badly overtrained, and that Harvard was obliged to yield to every one of Oxford's demands in regard to carrying coxswains, the course, etc., she made a remarkably good showing.

The sending of this four-oar to England very nearly prevented a race with Yale this year; however, a six-oar was organized, which on the 23d of July defeated the Yale crew by nine seconds in a hard-fought race. Two of the Harvard crew immediately sailed for England and rowed against Oxford.

This race did not so much bring disgrace to Yale, for she rowed a very fast race, — as it did bring great credit to Harvard for turning out two such excellent crews.

1870

The races came oft this year on the 22d of July, the Freshman race coming first, between Harvard, Brown, Amherst, and Yale. It was a remarkable race in being the first in which the crew of any other college won a victory over Harvard and Yale. The Yale Freshmen did not wish to have Brown and Amherst in the race, but were obliged to yield this point to Harvard. The Har- vard and Yale boats collided, but, getting clear, were beaten by Brown.

In the University race the course was as usual, three miles with a turn, and both boats were obliged to turn about the same stake in spite of Yale's urgent request for separate turning stakes. The crews started off. Harvard rowing 48 and Yale 44 to the minute, and kept close to each other till the turn, where Yale was slightly in the

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lead but was obliged to stop and allow Harvard to turn, she having drawn the inside course. As Harvard was turning, the tips of her oars were under the stake-float, and the buoy was upset and struck her boat, while Yale in making the turn directly behind could not prevent bumping Harvard owing to the sudden stop she made. Harvard's steering-gear was rendered useless and she rowed in i min. 45 sec. behind the Yale crew. In the meeting at which the referee decided the winner of the race, Yale admitted fouling Harvard, but made a counter- charge of foul against Harvard for forcing Yale out of her course, which claim not being admitted, the race was given to Harvard.

In June of this year a new Constitution was adopted, by which the "Yale Navy" was changed to the ''Yale University Boat Club," and the title of its chief officer changed from " Commodore " to " President," it being provided, also, that he should not be a member of the crew.

1871

Ever since the defeat of 1866, Yale had been hostile to the Worcester course, and so intense was the feeling after the race of '7O) that at a boating meeting the resolution was passed that *' No Yale crew should be allowed to challenge any Harvard crew, except for a straight-away race." In accordance with this a challenge was sent to Harvard, the only reply to which was a request four months later that Yale should send delegates to the con- vention to be held at Springfield to establish a union regatta of American colleges.

Yale replied by requesting that the existing challenge should be disposed of outside of any convention, except one of the two colleges concerned. Harvard nevertheless organized the *' Rowing Association of American Col- leges," with the support of Brown, Amherst, and Bow- doin. Yale voted to have nothing to do with this regatta, and the crew disbanded, countermanding their order for

1 6 ROWING.

a new boat. Harvard foreseeing the insignificance of the regatta should Yale fail to take part, wrote a letter urging Yale to enter the regatta and offering to row her a separate race if she refused to do so. Harvard insisted, however, on the right of the challenged party to name time and place, which meant but a repetition of the old turn-about course at Worcester. Yale voted, therefore that Harvard should be notified that Yale considered this a non-accept- ance of her challenge, and that as the crew was disbanded and the season well advanced, no future acceptance of the challenge would be recognized. The Harvard men here- upon reversed their policy and offered to row Yale a race of any kind (straight-away or turning) at any time and place and for any distance. This was rejected by Yale by a vote of I20 to 90, chiefly because the crew were out of training.

In the race between Harvard, Brown, and Massachu- setts Agricultural College, the latter won easily, defeating Harvard by 37 seconds.

1872

This victory of a small college of a hundred and fifty men over Harvard rendered all the other small colleges eager to try their luck, and Harvard was thus obliged to continue the " Rowing Ass. of Amer. Coll." Owing to the latest offer of the '71 Harvard crew to row Yale a separate race, Yale might have easily obtained this from Harvard, but the management at Yale changing hands, the concession wrested from Harvard was given up, and delegates entered Yale as a member of the Association.

The defeat of Harvard, which so stimulated the smaller colleges, appears to have taken away a large amount of in- terest in boating at Harvard itself, so that great difficulty was experienced in getting a crew together. An entirely new set of men were chosen, the old oars refusing to row. Despite the fact that the diet of this crew was more lib- eral than usual, with fruit and vegetables in moderation and with occasional ale, they came to the line somewhat

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overtrained. The Yale crew was memorable as being the worst that ever assumed to represent Yale, and also for containing the freshman, who, as captain and stroke for the four succeeding years, ultimately brought more improvement and prestige to Yale oarsmanship than any other individual ever connected with it. It is hardly necessary to say that this was Mr. Robert J. Cook, '76.

Six crews were entered for the University race, and finished, in the following order: Amherst, Harvard, Mas- sachusetts Agricultural, Bowdoin, Williams and Yale. Yale was not only the last of the six boats but was defeated by a minute and three-quarters. In the fresh- man race, Yale was defeated by Wesleyan, the other com- peting crews being Amherst and Brown. It is worthy of notice that the Harvard crew this year sat on the sides of their boat, although from 1866 to 1871 and from 1875 on, their seats were in the middle of the boat.

1873

This second defeat of Harvard by a small college, and the disgraceful defeat of Yale by five crews, increased the confidence and enthusiasm of the smaller colleges to such an extent that eleven colleges took part in the race of this year, Wesleyan, Columbia, Cornell, Amherst, Dart- mouth, Massachusetts Agricultural, Bowdoin, Trinity, Williams, Harvard and Yale.

The race of '73 is notable both for the intense interest then shown in rowing, and for the misunderstanding by which the champion flags were given to Harvard at the end of the race instead of to Yale.

Yale's crew was a great improvement on any Yale crew seen for many years, for, although not remarkable physi- cally, it had been infused by the energy and spirit of its captain, and had been taught the principles of good row- ing which he had learned in a trip to England. Har- vard's crew was also a very good one, well trained and rowing in excellent form. 2

1 8 ROWING.

At the start Harvard and Yale took the lead, with Wil- liams and Trinity in the rear, and the seven other crews at intermediate positions. For an instant the oars of Har- vard and Yale were interlocked, but the boats becoming free, Harvard steered to the east bank and Yale to the west. For two miles, Harvard kept slightly ahead of Yale, with the other crews dropping more and more to the rear, but during the third mile Yale drew up and passed her. Wesleyan followed close upon Yale and crossed the line second, with Harvard third, on the other side of the river.

The presentation of the flags to the Harvard crew with- out the permission of the referee, by a Harvard graduate, to whose care they had been entrusted, was most unfor- tunate, both in leading the Yale crew to believe that Harvard had snatched the flags to throw a cloud over the victory they could not prevent, and in intensifying the bitterness of defeat to the Harvard crew, by the necessity of surrendering the emblems of triumph after such a brief enjoyment of them. The fact of there being a diagonal finish line furnished material for much contro- versy.

In 1873, a constitution of the Yale University Boat Club was for the first time properly drafted and printed, and the practice of twenty years disregarded in the elec- tion to the office of President of a graduate student, Charles H. Ferry, '72, of Chicago. Elected to office just as the announcement was made that the owners of the site of the boat-house required the immediate removal of that building, he devoted himself with untiring energy to the task of building a better one. Inspiring the enthu- siasm of alumni and undergraduates alike b}^ his story of the three Yale victories, in the University, freshman and single-scull races over fifteen colleges at Springfield, he succeeded in raising all of the $16,500 needed except be- tween $1,000 and $2,000, which was paid off a couple of years later. The building plans were those of Cum- mings and Sears of Boston and the building contract was

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awarded to Kenney and Phelps. The expenses were as

follows :

Lot, 75x100 feet, $4,500

Piling, floats and bridges % . 1,500

Dredging, 500

Interior fittings of furniture, 1,500

Building contract, 8,500

Total outlay, $16,500

The largest contributors were Messrs. Henry Farnam, Robert Bonner, G. P. Wetmore, F. W. Stevens, George A. Adee, G. St. J. Sheffield, A. M. Wheeler, Charles H. Ferry, and Frederick Wood.

The boat house was opened June 9, 1875, speeches being made by President Porter, '31, Professor Brewer, '52, Rev. Joseph H. Twichell, '59, and William C. Gulli- ver, '70. The University and Freshman crews had a race of about a mile, beginning and ending at the boat house, and in the evening a ball was held. To give a short description of the boat house, the first floor is devoted to the storage of boats, being twelve feet high, with a water front of eighty-three feet, having five doors and bridges leading down to the float. The second story, surrounded on three sides by a broad piazza, consists of a reception room, dressing-rooms for the University and class crews, president's office, janitor's room, baths, closets, etc. The boat house bears a general resemblance to that of the London Rowing Club, but is in several respects superior to it.

1874

The convention of this year was held in Hartford, Jan- uary 21, with delegates from twelve colleges present. Harvard brought forward three propositions which, being opposed by Yale and eight other colleges were lost. They were: i. That no more colleges be allowed to enter the association. 2, That professional school stu- dents be eligible for the crews ; and 3, that the next race be rowed at New London.

20 ROWING.

Owing to a curious cry raised in the New England newspapers, the offer of the Saratoga hotel-keepers to pledge any necessary amount of money to meet the expenses of management, was formally rejected and all chances of a well-conducted regatta lost.

The 15th of July was the day appointed for the races, but the water was so rough that the freshman race was not rowed until just before sunset, and the single-scull race almost in the dark. In the freshman race Princeton won, defeating Yale and Brown, Harvard not entering a crew. In the single-scull race A. Wilcox of Yale, '74, defeated A. L. Devins of Harvard, '74, by ten lengths, and E. L. Phillips, of Cornell, '75, by fifteen or twenty lengths.

The University race, after three days postponement on account of rough weather, was rowed in the morning of the i8th July with nine crews contesting, Columbia, Wesleyan, Williams, Cornell, Dartmouth, Trinity, Prince- ton, Harvard and Yale.

Harvard and Yale starting off at 34 and 33 strokes to the minute respectively, rowed '* a waiting race," while Columbia started with a spurt, rowing 38. At the mile Columbia led by half a length with Harvard second, Yale third, Wesleyan fourth, and the rest well in the rear. Here Yale steered wildly, crossing Harvard's stern to the west and soon dropping a little behind and crossing her stern to the east. In the next half mile Harvard and Yale gained on Columbia, while Wesleyan fell behind slightly. Here Yale began her spurt, and quickly got even with Columbia and quarter of a length ahead of Harvard. As Harvard was beginning her spurt a foul occurred between Yale and her, during which Columbia got a winning lead, and Wesleyan, which had been three lengths behind, passed both crews and came in second. By the foul Yale's rudder was broken and her bow's oar broken, so she gave up rowing. The referee allowed the results of the race to stand in spite of the rule of the association, that *' in case of a foul the race shall be rowed over again, unless the umpire shall decide the winning

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boat had sufficient lead at the moment of the foul, to war- rant its having the race assigned to it."

Immediately after the race the Yale crew challenged the Harvard crew to a separate race, but were informed that, owing to their conduct during and directly after the race, no challenge would be entertained from them.

The conduct alluded to was the bandying of epithets between the two crews and the mutual accusations that the foul had been purposely brought about. More hatred was brought about by this mishap than by the blunder about the flags in the previous year, and so the mutual enmity and distrust held these two rival colleges for another year in the meshes of the general regatta associ- ation.

1875

The annual convention held in Hartford, January 13, was attended by the delegates of the colleges which had been represented at Saratoga the previous summer. Am- herst, Bowdoin, and Massachusetts Agricultural had for- feited their membership by not sending a crew. Am- herst, however, was readmitted, and of the four colleges which applied for admission, Union and Hamilton were admitted, and Rutgers and the college of the city of New York were rejected. Yale's propositions as to the fencing off of the course by buoys, and the amendment of the racing rules were carried.

For the freshman race Cornell defeated Harvard, Brown and Princeton, Yale entering no crew. In the single-scull race Julian Kennedy, '75 S. Yale, defeated W. F. Weld, Harvard, by half a minute. In the Uni- versity race thirteen boats took part, Cornell, Columbia, Dartmouth, Wesleyan, Amherst, Brown, Williams, Bow- doin, Hamilton, Union, Princeton, Harvard and Yale. The first six boats finished in a bunch, the sixth being within 211/2 seconds of the winner, and in the following order: Cornell, Columbia, Harvard, Dartmouth, Wes- leyan, and Yale. The second division of crews came in

22 ROWING.

in the following order: Amherst, Brown, Williams, Bow- doin ; all within 21 seconds of each other.

The third division consisted of Hamilton and Union, with "no time taken," and finally Princeton, which had stopped at the two miles with a sick man for passenger.

Thus Yale, although beaten by five crews, came within 21^ seconds of the winning crew, which was, with one exception, the closest approximation to victory a defeated Yale crew had had up to that time.

Another memorable thing in regard to this regatta, besides the closeness of the crews, was the success of the plan of rowing in " lanes," a hitherto untried experiment. Great good feeling existed after the race, the Harvard and Yale crews joining in a procession in honor of the victors and fraternizing to such a degree that the news- papers took it to be a sign of the perpetuity of the row- ing association, whereas those behind the scenes knew that both the Harvard and Yale crews would recommend their boat clubs to withdraw from the association and re- establish the annual Harvard-Yale race.

1876

By a vote of the Y. U. B. C. Yale withdrew from the general rowing association and challenged Harvard to an eight-oared, four-mile race. Harvard accepted promptly, but, influenced by the newspapers, decided to row once more in the general regatta before leaving it. Yale wanted the race at New London, but Harvard decided in favor of Springfield, and named June 30th as the time. All undergraduates of either college, and all of its graduates who were studying there for a second degree, were declared eligible for the crews. The day of the race was a favorable one, there being but a slight breeze. Yale took the west bank, and led during the whole race, winning by half a minute. The Yale stroke was very regular, never being below 32 or above 34, and not varying from 33 for the last half of the race, while

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23

YALE BOAT HOUSE.

Harvard's stroke ranged from 35 to 40, and showed the same rate for scarcely two succeeding minutes.

The Yale and Harvard boats were of cedar and were the first eight-oared shells that ever competed in America.

In the general regatta on Saratoga Lake, Cornell won, with Harvard second. As Yale defeated Harvard by half a minute in four miles, and Cornell defeated her by only four seconds in three miles, the Saratoga race was considered by Yale men to demonstrate the superiority of their crew to»any college crew afloat of that year.

On September ist the Yale crew, four-oared, and con- sisting of R. J. Cook, (bow), W. W. Collins, D. H. Kel- loggj and J. Kennedy, (stroke), won the international and

24 ROWING.

intercollegiate regatta, of the Centennial Exhibition on the Schuylkill river, Philadelphia, defeating Columbia, and ist Trinity, Cambridge, England. They received an official award and a trophy of gold and silver valued at

$1,000.

1877

Harvard's withdrawal from the general regatta so effectually discouraged the smaller colleges, that but three of them met together to make arrangements for a race in this year. Columbia and Princeton wanted a four-oared contest, while Cornell wanted an eight-oared, in order to compare the result with that of the Yale-fiar- vard race, and in order that the winners of these two races might compete. Harvard and Yale declining Cor- nell's proposals, no crew was formed there, and Colum- bia alone had a crew in training, which, finding no one to compete with, disbanded. The ** Rowing Association of New England Colleges " originated by Dartmouth, failed completely also, this year, not a single crew beginning to train. Yale and Harvard were thus the only New England colleges where there was any boat-racing dur- ing the summer of 1877.

The race took place at Springfield over the same course, as the previous year, on the 30th of June. The race was twice postponed on account of rough water, and was rowed in such a heavy sea that the only wonder was that both crews did not swamp. Harvard gained slowly but gradually through the race and won by seven seconds. The race was the most exhausting ever rowed in America, and the close finish proved that the crews were wonderfully well matched. During the last mile of the race the crews splashed badly and the outriggers, cutting through the waves, caused much water to be shipped. By an oversight, Yale had no washboards and had in addition the roughest course. It was, however, a most creditable and exciting contest. Both Harvard and Yale used this year paper shells built by Waters of Troy.

ROWING. 25

1878

Harvard had this year the choice of the course and chose New London, although Yale now preferred Spring- field. The Yale crew chose quarters at Gale's ferry, on the Groton side of the Thames, about a mile above the starting point, and came down there nine days before the race. The Harvard crew took quarters a mile lower down, and came down four days before the race.

The race occurred on the 28th of June, with Yale in the west course. Harvard at once took the lead and in- creased it till the finish, winning by forty-five seconds. The contest was distinguished as being the first aquatic event between American colleges of which the management was satisfactory to both oarsmen and spectators. The advantages of New London, consisting of its easy access from the great cities, the clear course, and the " moving grand-stand " of platform-cars running along the west bank of the river, were enthusiastically dwelt upon by all describing the race, and the sentiment that the annual race had at last found its proper home, was very gener- ally expressed.

1879

On the day appointed for the race the water was so rough that it was only after two postponements, and at half-past seven in the evening, that the race was actually started. The breeze had almost died out, and the tide was the last of the ebb. At the start Yale took the lead, but was quickly passed by Harvard, rowing 38 to Yale's 36. Yale's form was very poor and her rowing ragged, while Harvard was doing magnificent work. At the second mile Harvard led by ten lengths ; and a proces- sion took place, in which Yale was distanced by a minute and forty -three seconds, or over quarter of a mile. This overwhelming defeat was due to the difference in skill of the two crews, Harvard being, as the papers stated, near perfection, while as for Yale the spectators were amazed

26 ROWING.

to " see how badly they could row." The arrangements at New London were all that could be desired, and as- sured the continuance of this place as the scene of the annual race.

1880

The first start of the race of this year was made about quarter of six in the evening of the ist of July. The wind had died down, leaving a gentle swell. As both crews took the water, Yale rowed 37 to the minute, while Harvard rowed only 32, despite which Harvard led at ten strokes. At this moment, however, the Yale boat stopped and soon after Harvard did likewise. The cause of this was a broken outrigger at No. 5, in the Yale boat. The crews rowed back to their quarters and the spectators on the observation train waited. At seven o'clock the second start was made, with both crews rowing a higher stroke — Harvard 39 and Yale 41. Yale, with a hard spurt, gained a lead of a length at the half-mile flag. From there on she grew gradually ahead, winning a hard- fought race by eight lengths.

The observation train left New London for the starting point at four o'clock in the afternoon of July ist, and the usual postponement on account of rough water took place. During the wait a severe rain storm occurred, which, however, cleared the sky and smoothed the water. After the crew had been recalled for a false start made by Yale, a second start was made, in which Harvard got rather the advantage, the Yale boat not being yet in place. Yale, however, settled down to work and by the fourth stroke had nearly caught Harvard and was rowing 48 to the minute. Passing Harvard by half a length she dropped to 38, and kept this up till the last half mile. At the mile flag, Yale led by five seconds ; during the sec-

ROWING. 27

ond mile Harvard gained two seconds, which Yale re- gained in the third mile. Yale stuck to her 38, while Harvard quickened their stroke several times to diminish the gap. In the last half mile both crews put up the stroke, Yale doing 44 to Harvard's 40, and finishing a length and a half ahead. It was one of the hardest- fought races ever rowed in America, in spite of which both crews came in without any " done-up " men, which testified to faithful and skillful training. The Yale boat was a little too broad for her crew, requiring more muscle to pull than one of sharper build. She used the new Davis rigging, and was well pleased with it.

1882

This was the year of the well known ** eel-grass" race — the most unsatisfactory race ever rowed between Har- vard and Yale. Captain Hull of the Yale crew, with the assistance of Mr. Davis, devised a new style of boat, with the ultimate object of attaining a quick stroke. The oars were separated from each other in pairs of starboard and port, so much room being thus taken up that the boat measured 68 feet, or nine feet longer than the average racing shell. In this scheme, form was completely sacri- ficed to rapidity of motion, the crew pulling a continual spurt of never less than 42 to the minute for the whole four miles. The only question in the minds of Yale's friends was whether the crew would be able to put enough force into each stroke to row fast. A little before twelve o'clock, on the 30th of June, the crews started, Yale catch- ing the water first and leading at a stroke of 48 to the minute. At the mile Yale led by a length of clear water, but the coxswain losing his head steered through a patch of eel-grass near the east shore, owing to which they were 19 seconds behind Harvard at the mile and a half. Al- though by this mistake the Yale crew lost eight lengths, they were not discouraged, but spurted right to the finish line. At the third mile Yale, pulling 45, was less than a

28 ROWING.

length behind Harvard, pulling 42. At three miles and a half the crews were almost even, when the coxswain, com- pletely rattled, mistook the flags and steered over to the west. Yale finished half a length behind Harvard, having rowed every half mile faster than Harvard, except the fourth half mile when in the eel-grass. The race was the more disappointing from the fact that the Yale crew had made faster time on New Haven harbor than any previous crew. It is also remarkable to notice that, despite the eel- grass, the Yale crew made the fastest time ever yet made by any Yale crew over the New London course, either in practice or in a race.

1883

Another victory was scored this year for the Crimson, Yale having nearly the same crew of last year, and pulling the same rapid stroke, while Harvard, having mastered the principles of good rowing, tried no experiments, but perfected her form in the so-called English stroke.

The race was started at 5:30 on the 29th of June. There was some head wind, and both boats had wash- boards. Yale got the better start but splashed badly, with a 40 stroke. Harvard started with 40, but dropping to 37, gained on Yale, leading her by a length at the mile. Harvard's coxswain avoided the dangerous eel-grass, and at the mile and a half Harvard had the race with three lengths to her credit. The Yale crew now began to get a little ragged, and seemed to lack life and snap. They followed doggedly, however, behind the clean, easy swing of the Harvard crew. Towards the finish Yale spurted hopelessly to 46, and were defeated by fifteen lengths. The result of this race, in regard to Yale rowing, was to kill the " donkey-engine " stroke as it has been called, and to lead Yale oarsmen back to the old stroke, with which they had not, to be sure, been uniformly successful, but with which they had never given Harvard such a walk-over as the race of '83.

ROWING. . 29

1884

In this year the coaching of Mr. Robert J. Cook pro- duced a Yale crew that was the finest that, up to this time, ever sat on the water, and one that lowered the record to 20 minutes, 31 seconds. The observation train was a light one this year owing to a continued rain storm. During the race, however, the clouds cleared a little, and the wind died away, leaving beautiful water. Yale started with 40, Harvard with 37. Yale drew away gradually, being a length ahead at the mile. At the mile and a half the two crews were even. The excite- ment was tremendous. Yale stuck to the same steady stroke, while Harvard was spurting to her limit. At the two miles Harvard led by half a length. At the two and a half mile flag the Yale boat drew ahead, while the Har- vard men showed signs of great exhaustion. At the three mile Yale had two lengths, and at the finish four lengths. The Yale crew rowed its last mile in superb form and finished in good condition.

1885

As the crews rowed up to the start this year, it was noticed that Harvard had a new stroke, the chief charac- teristics of which were the stronger pull in the middle of the stroke, and the slow, controlled slide at the catch and at the finish. The Yale crew appeared very heavy, but their difference in size made the boat seem ragged. Their stroke appeared to be almost the same as last year, only somewhat faster and with a sharp hitch at the beginning. It was, in a word, the Cook stroke, taught the crew by Mr. Hull, and therefore adapted more or less to the " donkey- engine " stroke of the latter. After the first ten strokes Harvard led, in spite of Yale's rapid stroke and desperate efforts. At the mile Harvard led by four lengths and dropped her stroke, content to hold her lead. The Yale crew were evidently laboring far more than Harvard, and

30 ROWING.

their greater exertions were beginning- to tell on them. At the beginning of the third mile of the race they en- deavored to spurt, but, unable to stand the pressure, fell back and came in a minute and a quarter behind the win- ning crew. The Yale crew were poorly trained as well as poorly coached, four men being over-trained and four men under-trained. The time made, 25 minutes, 15 sec- onds, was fair, considering the strong south wind that blew up the course, and the rough water.

1886

With but one old man on the Yale crew, the chances appeared greatly against Yale, to the uninitiated who came down to New London in 1886. The personal efforts of Mr. Cook in coaching, however, and the most devoted work and most faithful training on the part of the crew turned the tables and defeated almost the same men who won such glory for Harvard the year before. It was in this year that rowing may fairly be said to have got a good foundation at Yale. The principles of good rowing were diligently learned by the crew, all but one of whom returned to college in 1887. Their services in coaching class crews and in setting an example of good form to all the rowing men of Yale can hardly be over-estimated. One week before the Harvard race, Yale rowed a race with the University of Pennsylvania, defeating her easily by about twenty lengths. The Yale-Harvard race, which took place July 2d, was postponed from the morning until afternoon because of rough water, and was then rowed on the flood tide up stream, from Winthrop's Point to Gale's Ferry, being the first University race rowed up-stream. Both crews started at 36 and were neck and neck for nearly half a mile, when Yale's long stroke at 32 and 33 passed Harvard rowing 37. The fact that Harvard did not lead at the start was considered most favorable to Yale, it having been predicted that Harvard would lead with her rapid stroke, and that Yale's only hope for

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ROWING. 31

victory lay in sticking to her long swing and passing Harvard during the fourth mile. Between the two-and-a- half-mile and three mile flags Harvard made a magnifi- cent spurt, whose effectiveness was increased by the fact that Yale was in slack water near the eel-grass. Yale, getting clear, however, gained gradually and finished a winner by seven lengths. This year Yale entered a freshman crew in the race betwen the Harvard and Columbia freshmen. The Yale freshmen were undoubt- edly superior to their opponents both in form and strength, but bad judgment in starting the race in rough water deprived them of all chances of victory. In drawing for courses the Harvard freshmen got the west, Columbia the middle, and Yale the east course. By this arrange- ment Harvard and partly also Columbia were protected from the wind by the western shore, while Yale had the roughest water and the full force of the wind. At the start Columbia rowed 38, Yale 36, and Harvard 35, but on the first ten strokes Yale drew away, with Colum- bia next, and Harvard last. In quarter of a mile Yale ran into rough water, and just before the half mile was reached a large wave broke in the paper top of the shell, swamping the boat. The Yale launch quickly rescued the swimming oarsmen, and the race went on with both remaining crews rowing in poor form. The Harvard freshmen defeated the Columbia freshmen by four lengths, the Columbia boat coming in half full of water.

1887

With seven victorious oarsmen in college the prospects for a good crew this year were most flattering. Experience, however, had taught Yale to beware of old crews and had, moreover, taught her that, although Yale had sometimes wretchedly slow crews, the standard of oarsmanship at Harvard was uniformly higher, and that Harvard crews even when beaten were always fast. The usual rowing in the fall was done, and when the weather prevented

32 ROWING.

work on the harbor, the crew rowed in a stationary barge placed in a tank in the basement of the gymnasium. Watermanship was thus practiced all the winter, in addi- tion to the usual gymnasium work and out-of-door run- ning. From the ist of March on, the crew had the ad- vantage of the coaching of Mr. Percy Bolton, '86, S., who had the advice and cooperation of Mr. Robert J. Cook. The diet of the crew may be given as being fairly repre- sentative of the latest ideas in regard to this branch of the training. For breakfast and supper the crew ate oat- meal, beefsteak, mutton-chops, eggs, stewed or baked potatoes. For dinner, roast beef, mutton, fricasseed- chicken, potatoes, rice, macaroni, tomatoes, puddings, and watercresses in season. The work of the crew occupied, on an average, three hours every afternoon, besides which the men worked all the spring in pair-oars during the mornings, as their recitations would permit.

A freshman race was rowed at New London between the Yale freshmen and the Pennsylvania freshmen, the Harvard freshmen refusing Yale's challenge. This re- sulted in an easy victory for the Yale freshmen. In another race the Harvard freshmen were defeated by the Columbia freshmen.

Yale rowed a race with the University of Pennsylvania this year again, and defeated her with ease by about five lengths. Harvard also defeated Columbia, making, on very fast water, the record time of 20 minutes, 20 seconds. On the afternoon of the Harvard-Columbia race, the Yale crew rowed three miles on this fast water, in a few sec- onds under fifteen minutes, probably the fastest time ever made for that distance by an eight-oared crew in America. The Yale-Harvard race was started about seven o'clock on Friday, July ist. It was a perfect evening, the only drawback to a fast race being that the race was started down the river before the tide had quite turned to run out. The usual heavy observation train and procession of steamers followed the race. The harbor was more than usually gay, however, with some hundred and fifty yachts, gaily decorated with flags. For half a mile Harvard had

ROWING. 33

a slight advantage, but from there on Yale gradually drew ahead, and won by five lengths, the superior quality of her stroke manifesting itself more and more as the race progressed. While Harvard was in the slack water near the eel-grass, Yale did not gain as was expected, nor, on the other hand, did Harvard gain on Yale when she had the current below the two-and-a-half-mile flag. It was a hard-fought race from start to finish, between two well- matched crews, of which Harvard was probably the bet- ter physically, while Yale rowed the more scientific stroke.

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42

ROWING.

NUMBER OF YEARS UNIVERSITY CREW MEN HAVE ROWED.

Yale. Harvard.

One year, . . . .64 men. 73 men.

Two years, ... 27 men. 33 men.

Three years, . . . .11 men. 17 men.

Four years, ... 12 men. 4 men.

Five years,

Total, . . .115 men. 127 men.

Note. — R. J. Cook, Yale, '76, is the only man who has rowed five years. The following have rowed four years :

Fa/^.— Copp, '69 ; McCook, '73 ; Kennedy, '75 S.; Thompson, '79; Rogers, '80 S.; Guernsey, '81 ; Storrs, '82 ; Hull, '83 ; Folsom, '83 ; Parrott, '83 ; Rogers, '83 ; Flanders, '85.

Harvard. — Bancroft, '78 ; Jacobs, '79 ; Brigham, '80 ; Sawyer, 83.

MORTALITY TABLE OF UNIVERSITY CREW MEN.
Yale.		Harvard. Crew of '52—3 Crew of '55—4
Crew of '58—1		Crew of '58—2
Crew of '59—1	('52-60)— 2	Crew of '59—1 Crew of '60—1 Crew of '65 — 2	('52-'6o)— 10
Crew of '68—1	('6o-'7o)— I	Crew of '68—1	('6o-'7o)— 4
Crew of '72—1
Crew of '76 — I		Crew of '76—1	('70-'8o)— I
Crew of '78—1	C70-'8o)-3
Crew of '80—1	('8o-'87)-i		('8o-'87)— 0

Total 7 Total, .... 15

Note. — Several of the deaths of the Yale oarsmen were due to accidents. Harvard's larger number of deaths is in noticeably more natural sequence.

RESIDENCES OF UNIVERSITY CREW MEN.

Yale. Harvard.

Massachusetts, .... 9 78

New York, .... 31 16

Connecticut, ..... 38 2

Pennsylvania, .... 8 4

Illinois, ..... 6 4

Others, ..... 23 23

Total,

115

127

ROWING.

43

The following have contributed to Yale — N. J., 4 ; Ohio, 4 ; Maine, 3 ; Georgia, 2 ; Iowa, 2 ; Kentucky, 2 ; Tennessee, Mississippi, Michigan, Can- ada, Chili, Hawaiian Islands.

The following have contributed to Harvard — Maine, 3 ; N. J., 2 ; Georgia, 2 ; N. H., 3 ; Maryland, 2 ; Missouri, 2 ; California, 2 ; Hawaiian Islands, 2 ; Michigan, Mississippi, Vermont, S. C, Ohio.

Note. — These figures will be found to conform closely to the general averages of Yale and Harvard men.

STATISTICS OF EIGHT-OARED

RACES.

1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887

Average,

Age.
Yale. Harvard.
•^zYz	21^
2iy2	20
20j4	21
21	22>^
21X	22K
22X	22
22^	22
23	21
21	22
22	21
22	21K
22K	2I>^

ALE-HARVARD	UNIVERSITY
0. Weight.	Height.
VMle. Harvard.	Vale. Harvard.
I5SH	159	5. 9i	5. 8^
160	i65>^	5.11K	5.9^
I59>^	i75>^
168	174K	5.11^	5. II
176	165	5.ii>^	5.io>^
I76>^	173K	5.ii>^	5.io>^
177K	I7i>^	5. II	5.11
172	168^	5. II	5.10
168	169	5.io»/^	5.10^
175)^	167	5.11	5.io>^
i6o>^	l62>^	5.io>^	5.10X
I58>^	161	5.9X	5.io>^

21H 2I>^

[67K i67l<

5.10^ 5.10X

Note. — It is interesting to note that neither age, weight, nor height have any decided advantage, the oldest crews having won six times out of twelve, the lightest seven times out of twelve, and the shortest six times out of ten. It will thus be seen that the qualities that bring success in rowing are not to be mathematically computed.

The essential similarity of the average Yale and Harvard oarsmen despite differences between individual Yale and Harvard crews of three and a half years in age, of eighteen pounds in weight and of three inches in height, is also noticeable.

44

ROWING.

YALE AND HARVARD UNIVERSITY OARSMEN.

The names are arranged from bow to stroke, except of the earliest Yale crew, the positions of which rest only on the authority of the memory of their classmates.

f Indicates Captain.

Residences of Yale men are assumed to be in Connecticut, if not other- wise indicated, and of Harvard men in Massachusetts.

Numerals represent "times" made.

1852

Halcyon of Yale, 10.^. Albert E. Kent, '53, Suffield. Joseph S. French, '53, Bridgeport. Wm. C. Brewster, '53, McConnells-

ville, O. Edward Harland, '53, Norwich. Joseph Warren, '53, Columbia, N. Y. Arthur E. Skelding, '53, Greenwich. William L. Hinman, '53, New Haven, fjames Hamilton, '53, Columbus, Ga. Richard Waite (cox.), '53, Toledo, O.

Oneida of Harvard, 10. Charles Miles, '53, Roxbury. Charles F. Livermore, '53, Cambridge. Wm. H. Cunningham, '53, Boston. John Dwight, '52, Springfield. Charles J. Paine, '53, Boston. Sidney Willard, '52, Boston. Charles H. Hurd, '53, Charlestown. Thomas J. Curtis, '52, Boston, f Joseph M. Brown (cox.), '53, Boston.

1855

Nereid of Yale, 2j.j8. I

Adrian Terry, '54, S., Knoxville,

Tenn. Chas. F. Johnson, '55, Oswego, N. Y.j Henry W. Painter, M. S., West Haven. j Theodore W. E. Belden, '57, West

Springfield, Mass. Storrs O. Seymour, '57, Litchfield, f Joseph W. Wilson, L. S., Norwalk. Nathaniel W. Bumstead (cox,), '55,

Boston, Mass.

Iris of Harvard, 22. Joseph N. Willard, '57, Boston. William G. Goldsmith, '57, Andover. Channing Clapp, '55, Cambridge. Charles F. Walcott, '57, Salem. Benj. W. Crowninshield, '58, Boston. William H. Elliott, '57, Savannah, Ga. John Homans, '58, Boston, f Sam. B. Parkman, '57, Savannah, Ga. James M. Brown (cox.), '53, Boston.

1855

Nautilus of Yale, 24.^8. Jephtha Garrard, '58, Cincinnati, O. Ed. Curtis, '59 S., New York City. George Lampson, '55, Quebec, Can. Granville T. Pierce, '55, South Britain. George M. Dorrance, '56, Bristol, Pa. f Samuel Scoville, '57, West Cornwall. George Tucker (cox.), '57, Hamilton, Bermuda.

Y. Y. of Harvard, 22.3. Alexander Agassiz, '55, Cambridge. Stephen G. Perkins, '56, Boston. Langdon Erving, '55, Baltimore, Md. f John Erving, L. S., Charleston, S. C.

ROWING.

45

1858

Volante of Yale (no race). Fred. W. Stevens, '58, New York City. Henry L. Johnson, '60, Jewett City. George E. Dunham, '59, Hartford. fWm. D. Morgan, '58, New York City.

University of Harvard {no race). Heyward Cutting, '59, New York City, Joseph H. Wales, '61, Boston. Joseph H. Ellison, '59, Waltham. Robert B. Gelston, '58, Baltimore, Md. Caspar Crowninshield, '60, Boston. fBenj. W. Crowninshield, '58, Boston.

1859

Yale, 20.18 and ig.14. Fred. H. Colton, '60, Longmeadow,

Mass. Charles H. Owen, '60, Hartford. Henry W. Camp, '60, Hartford. Joseph H. Twichell, '59, Plantsville. Charles T. Stanton, '61, Stonington. f Henry L. Johnson, '60, Jewett City. Hezekiah Walkins (cox.), '59, Liberty,

N. Y.

Harvard, ig.i8 and ig.id. fjoseph H. Ellison, '59, Waltham. Joseph H. Wales, '61, Boston. Henry S. Russell, '60, West Roxbury. Edward G. Abbott, '60, Lowell. William H. Forbes, '6r, Milton. Caspar Crowninshield, '60, Boston.

i860

Yale, ig.^. H. Brayton Ives, '61, New Haven. Eugene L. Richards, '60, Brooklyn,

N. Y. Edward P. McKinney, '61, Bingham-

ton, N. Y. Wm. E. Bradley, '60, New Canaan. Charles T. Stanton, '61, Stonington. f Henry L. Johnson, '60, Jewett City. Charles G. Merrill (cox.), '61, New-

buryport, Mass.

Harvard, 18.^3. Joseph H. Wales, '61, Boston. Henry Ropes, '62, Boston. William H. Ker, '62, Natchez, Miss. Edward G. Abbott, '60, Lowell. Calvin M. Woodward, '60, Fitchburg. fCaspar Crowninshield, '60, Boston.

1864

Yale, ig.i. Wm. W. Scranton, '65, Scranton, Pa. Edmund Coffin, '66, Irvington, N. Y. Edward B. Bennett, '66, Hampton. Louis Stoskopf, '65, Freeport, 111. Morris W. Seymour, '66, Litchfield. fWilbur R. Bacon, '65, New Haven.

Harvard, ig.4jy^. Edwin Farnham, '66, Beverly, N. J. Edward C. Perkins, '66, Cincinnati, O. John Greenough, '65, Jamaica Plains. Thomas Nelson, '66, Boston. Robert S. Peabody, '66, Boston. fHoratio G. Curtis, '65, Boston.

46

ROWING.

Yale, 17.42%' Wm. W. Scranton, '65 Scranton, Pa. Edmund Coffin, '66, Irvington, N. Y. Isaac Pierson, '66, Hartford. Louis Stoskopf, '65, Freeport, 111. Edward B. Bennett, '66, Hampton. fWilbur R. Bacon, '65, New Haven.

1865

Harvard, i8.g. Charles H, McBurney, '66, Roxbury. Edward H. Clarke, '66, St. Louis, Mo. Edward N. Fenno, '66, Boston. William Blaikie, '66, Boston. Edward T. Wilkinson, '66, Cambridge, f Fred. Crowninshield, '66, Boston.

1866

Yale, ig.io. Frank Brown, '66, Newburg, N. Y. Edmund Coffin, '66, Irvington, N. Y. Arthur D. Bissell, '67, Buffalo, N. Y. Wm. E. Wheeler, '66, Portville, N. Y. Wm. A. Copp, '69, Grafton, Mass. fEdward B. Bennett, '66, Hampton.

Harvard, 18.43. Charles H. McBurney, '66, Roxbury. Alden P. Loring, '69, Boston. Robert S. Peabody, '66, Boston. Edward N. Fenno, '66, Boston. Edward T.Wilkinson, '66, Cambridge. fWilliam Blaikie, '66, Boston.

1867

Yale, ig.2j%. fGeo. A. Adee, '67, Westchester, N. Y. William H. Ferry, '68, Chicago, 111. James Coffin, '68, Irvington, N. Y. William H. Lee, '70, Chicago, 111. Samuel Parry, '68, Chester, N. J.

William A, Copp, '69, Grafton, Mass.

Harvard, 18.IJ. Geo. W. Holdrege, '66, Irvington, N. Y. Wm. W. Richards, '68, N. Y. City. Robert C. Watson, '69, Milton. Thomas S. Edmands, '67, Newton. William H. Simmons, '69, Concord.

f Alden P. Loring, '69, Boston.

1868

Yale, i8.38y2. Roderic Terry, '70, Irvington, N. Y. Sylvester F. Bucklin, '69, Marlboro,

Mass. Geo. W. Drew, '70, Winterport, Me. William H. Lee, '70, Chicago, 111. Wm. A. Copp, '69, Grafton, Mass. fSamuel Parry, '68, Clinton, N. Y.

Harvard, ly.^ fGeo. W. Holdredge, '68, Irvington,

N. Y. William W. Richards, '68, N. Y. City. John W. McBurney, '69, Roxbury. Wm. H. Simmons, '69, Concord. Robert C. Watson, '69, Milton. Alden P. Loring, '69, Boston.

1869

Yale, 1 8. II. Roderic Terry, '70, Irvington, N. Y. Edgar D. Coonley, '71, Greenville,

N. Y. William H. Lee, '70, Chicago, 111. David McCoy Bone, '70, Petersburg,

111. fWilliam A. Copp, '69, Grafton, Mass. Geo. W. Drew, '70, Winterport, Me.

Harvard, 18.2. fNathaniel G. Read, '71, Cambridge. George I. Jones, '71, Templeton. Grinnell Willis, '70, Cornwall, N. Y. Joseph F. Fay, L. S., Boston. Theophilus Parsons, '70, Brookline. Francis O. Lyman, '71, Hawaiian Isles.

ROWING.

47

1870

Yale, 18.4s.

Carrington Phelps, '70, North Cole- brook.

Wilbur W. Flagg, '73, Yonkers, N. Y.

William L. Gushing, '72, Bath, Me.

Edgar D. Goonley, '71, Greenville, N. Y.

Willis F. McGook, '73, Pittsburg, Pa.

f David McCo)' Bone, '70, Petersburg, 111.

Harvard won by a foul, fNathaniel G. Read, '71, Cambridge. Robert S. Russell, '72, Boston. James S. McCobb, '71, Portland, Me. Grinnell Willis, '70, Cornwall, N. Y. George I. Jones, '71, Templeton. Francis O. Lyman, '71, Hawaiian Isles.

1871

Yale, no race. f Frederick W. Adee, '73, Westchester,

N. Y. Charles S. Hemingway, '73, Fair

Haven. Jeremiah Day, '73, Catskill, N. Y. Daniel Davenport, '73, Wilton. Willis F. McCook, '73, Pittsburg, Pa. Wilbur W. Flagg, '73, Yonkers, N. Y.

Harvard, no race. fNathaniel G. Read, '71, Cambridge. William T. Sanger, '71, Cambridge. William C. Loring, '72, Boston. George I. Jones, '71, Templeton. Alanson Tucker, '72, Boston. George Bass, '71, Chicago, 111.

Yale, 18.13. Frederick W. Adee, '73, Westchester,

N. Y. George M. Gunn, '74, Milford. Robert J. Cook, '75, Fayette City, Pa. Henry A. Oaks, '75, New Haven. fWillis F. McCook, '73, Pittsburg, Pa. Jeremiah Day, '73, Catskill, N. Y.

1872

Harvard, 16.^7. Francis Bell, '73, Rye Beach. William J. Lloyd, '73, Pottsville, Pa. John Bryant, '73, Boston. William L. Morse, '74, Boston. Wendell Goodwin,'74, Jamaica Plains. fRichard H. Dana, '74, Boston.

1873

Yale, id.^g. Herbert G. Fowler, '74, Stoneham,

Mass. Jeremiah Day, '73, Catskill, N. Y. Julian Kennedy, '75, S., Struthers,

O. Willis F. McCook, '73, Pittsburg, Pa. Henry Meyer, '73, Pittsburg, Penn. fRobert J. Cook, '76, Fayette City, Pa.

Harvard, time uncertain. Arthur L. Devens, '74, Cambridge. Tucker Daland, '73, Boston. Wendell Goodwin, '74, Jamaica Plains. William L. Morse, '74, Boston. Daniel C. Bacon, '76, Jamaica Plains. fRichard H. Dana, '74, Boston.

48

ROWING.

1874

Yale {broke an oar). George L. Brownell, '75, S., East

Haddam. Frederick Wood, '76, S., Norwalk, David H. Kellogg, '76, Spuyten Duy-

vil, N. Y. William C. Hall, '75, S., Buffalo,

N. Y. Julian Kennedy, '75, S., Struthers,

O. fRobert J. Cook, '76, Fayette City, Pa.

Harvard, 16.^4. Walter J. Otis, S. S., Chicago, 111. William R. Taylor, '77, N. Y. City. William L. Morse, '74, Boston. fWendell Goodwin, '74, Jamaica

Plains. Daniel C. Bacon, '76, Jamaica Plains. Richard H. Dana, '74, Boston.

1875

Yale, 17.14}^. George L. Brownell, '75, S., East

Haddam. William C. Hall, '75, S., Buffalo,

N. Y. David H. Kellogg, '76, Spuyten Duy-

vill, N. Y. Charles N. Fowler, '76, Lena, 111. Julian Kennedy, '75, S., Struthers,

O. f Robert J. Cook, '76, Fayette City, Pa.

Harvard, //.j*. Francis R. Appleton, '75, N. Y. City. Montgomery James, S. S., Cambridge. Wm. R. Taylor, '77, Jefferson, N. Y. f Daniel C. Bacon, '76, Jamaica Plains. Charles W. Wetmore, '75, Marquette,

Mich. Walter J. Otis, S. S., Chicago, 111.

Yale, 22,2.

John W. Wescott, L. S., New Haven.

Frederick Wood, '76, S., Norwalk.

Elbridge C. Cooke, '77, Worcester, Mass.

David H. Kellogg, '76, Spuyten Duy- vil, N. Y.

William W. Collin, '77, Penn Yan, N. Y.

Oliver D. Thompson, '79, Butler, Pa.

Julian Kennedy, '75, S., Struthers, O.

•{•Robert J. Cook, '76, Fayette City, Pa.

Charles F. Aldrich, (cox.), '79, Wor- cester, Mass.

1876

Harvard, 22.31. Albert W. Morgan, '78, N. Y. City. George Irving, '75, Taunton. Edward D. Thayer, S. S., Worcester. Martin R. Jacobs, '79, Brownsville,

Penn. Wm. M. Le Moyne, '78, Chicago, 111. Montgomery James, S. S., Cambridge. Joel C. Bolan, '76, Charlestown. fWilliam A. Bancroft, '78, Cambridge. George L. Cheney, (cox.), '78, Essex,

Conn.

ROWING.

49

1877

Vale, 24.43.

Gerald T. Hart, '78, S., New Britain.

Herman Livingston, '79, N. Y. Cit)\

Frank E. Hyde, '79, Hartford.

William K. James, '78, Hamburg, la.

Elbridge C. Cooke, '77, Worcester, Mass.

Oliver D. Thompson, '79, Butler, Pa.

fWilliam W. Collin, '77, Penn Yan, N. Y.

Frederick Wood, L. S., Norwalk.

Chas. F. Aldrich, (cox.), '79, Worces- ter, Mass.

Harvard, 24.36. Alvah Crocker, '79, Fitchburg. Nat. M. Brigham, '80, Natick. Burton J. Legate, '77, Leominster. Wm. M. Le Moyne, '78, Chicago, 111. Martin R.Jacobs, '79, Brownsville, Pa. William H. Schwartz, '79, Bangor, Me. Frederick W. Smith, '79, Worcester. fWilliam A. Bancroft, '78, Cambridge. Frederick H. Allen, (cox.), '80, Hono- lulu. S. I.

1878

Yale, 2i.2g.

Julian W. Curtiss, '79, Fairfield.

Frank E. Hyde, '79, Hartford.

Bruce S. Keator, '79, Roxbury, N. Y,

Herman Livingston, '79, N. Y, City.

Harry W. Taft, '80, Cincinnati, O.

Geo. B. Rogers, '80, S., Lexington, Mass.

David Trumbull, T. S., Valparaiso, Chili.

fOliver D. Thompson, '79, Butler. Pa.

Chas. F. Aldrich, (cox.), '79, Worces- ter, Mass.

Harvard, 20.4^.

Alvah Crocker, '79, Fitchburg.

Nat. M. Brigham, '80, Natick.

Burton J. Legate, '77, Leominster.

Martin R. Jacobs, '79, Brownsville, Pa.

Van Der Lynn Stow, '80, San Fran- cisco, Cal.

William H. Schwartz, '79, Bangor, Me.

Frederick W. Smith, '79, Worcester.

fWilliam A. Bancroft, '78, Cambridge.

Frederick H. Allen, (cox.), '80, Hono- lulu, S. L

1879

\

Yale, 23 m., j8 s. John B. Collins, '81, St. Joseph, Mo. T. H. Patterson, L. S., Georgetown,

Ky. Charles B. Storrs, '82, N. Y. City. fOliver D. Thompson, '79, Butler, Pa. John N. Keller, '80, Paris, Ky. Geo. B. Rogers, '80, S., Lexington,

Mass. Harry W. Taft, '80, Cincinnati, O. Philo C. Fuller, '81, Grand Rapids,

Mich. Augustine Fitzgerald, (cox.), '82,

Litchfield. 4

Ha? vard, 22 m., 75 s.

Richard Trimble, '80, New York City.

Nat. M. Brigham, '80, Natick.

Francis Peabody, Jr., L. S., Danvers.

Martin R. Jacobs, '79, Brownsville, Pa.

Van Der Lynn Stow, '80, San Fran- cisco, Cal.

Wm. H. Schwartz, '79, Bangor, Me.

Frederick W. Smith, '79, Worcester.

fWm. A. Bancroft, '78, Cambridge.

Frederick H. Allen, (cox.), '80, Hono- lulu, S. I.

50

ROWING.

Yaldy 24 m., 21 s. John B. Collins, '81, St. Joseph, Mo. Philo C. Fuller, '81, Grand Rapids

Mich. Frederick W. Rogers, '83, Lexington

Mass. Nathaniel T. Guernsey, '81, Dubuque,

Iowa. Louis K. Hull, '83, Lebanon. fGeo. B. Rogers, '80, S., Lexington

Mass. Chas. B. Storrs, '82, New York City. Harry T. Folsom, '83, Orange, N. J. Mun Yew Chung, (cox.), '83, Han

Shan, China.

1880

Harvard, 2^ m., g s.

Edward W. Atkinson, '81, Brookline.

Wm. Freeland, '81, Syracuse, N. Y.

Herbert B. Howard, '81, Bellows Falls, Vt.

Edward D. Brandegee, '81, Utica, N. Y.

James Otis, '81, Roxbury.

Nat. M. Brigham, '80, Natick.

Robert Bacon, '80, Jamaica Plains.

fRichard Trimble, '80, N. Y. City.

Sabin Pond Sanger, (cox.), '83, Ban- gor, Me.

Yale, 22 m., 13 s. f John B. Collins, '81, St. Joseph, Mo. Philo C. Fuller, '81, Grand Rapids,

Mich. Frederick W. Rogers, '83, Cambridge,

Mass. Nathaniel T. Guernsey, '81, Dubuque,

Iowa. Louis K. Hull, '83, Lebanon. Geo. B. Rogers, L. S., Cambridge,

Mass. Chas. B. Storrs, '82, New York City. Harry T. Folsom, '83, Orange, N. J. Mun Yew Chung, (cox.), '83, Han

Shan. China.

Yale, 20 m., so^i s-

Henry R. Flanders, '85, W. Tisbury, Mass.

Joseph R. Parrott, '83, Oxford, Me.

Frederick W. Rogers, '83, Cambridge, Mass.

Nathaniel T. Guernsey, L. S., Du- buque, Iowa.

fLouis K. Hull, '83, Lebanon.

Wm. H. Hyndman, '84, Newburgh, N. Y.

Chas. B. Storrs, '82, New York City.

Harry T. Folsom, '83, Orange, N. J.

David Plessner, (cox.), '85, Holden, Mo.

1881

Harvard, 22 m., ig s.

fEdward D. Brandegee, '8r, Utica, N. Y.

Fred. L. Sawyer, '83, Cumberland Centre, Me.

Edward T. Cabot, '83, Brookline.

Chas. M. Hammond, '83, New Lon- don, Conn.

Oscar J. Pfeiffer, M. S., Portsmouth, N. H.

Seymour I. Hudgens, '84, Sandwich Islands.

Wm. Chalfant, Jr., '82, Unionsville, Pa.

Chas. P. Curtis, '83, Swampscott.

Julius Buchman, (cox.), '83, Ft. Wash- ington, N. Y.

1882

Harvard, 20,4^% s.

Wm. W. Mumford, '84, Rochester, N. Y.

Fred. L. Sawyer, '83, Cumberland Centre, Me.

Robert P. Perkins, '84, N. Y. City.

fChas. N. Hammond, '83, New Lon- don, Conn.

Edmund A. S. Clark, '84, N. Y. City.

Seymour I. Hudgens, '84, Sandwich Islands.

Wm. Chalfant, Jr., '82, Unionsville, Pa.

Chas. P. Curtis, '83, Swampscott.

Sabin Pond Sanger, (cox.), '83, Ban- gor, Me.

ROWING.

51

1883

Yale, 26.jg.

Henry R. Flanders, '85, W. Tisbury, Mass.

Joseph R. Parrott, '83, Oxford, Me.

fLouis K. Hull, '83, Lebanon.

Nathaniel T. Guernsey, L. S., Du- buque, Iowa.

Frank G. Peters, '86, Syracuse, N. Y.

Wm. H. Hyndman, '84, Newburgh, N. Y.

Frederick W. Rogers, '83, Cambridge, Mass.

Harry T. Folsom, '83, Orange, N. J.

D. B. Tucker, (cox.), '83, New Haven.

Harvard, 2^.46%.

Wm. W. Mumford, '84, Rochester, N. Y.

Wm. G. Borland, '86, New London, Conn.

James J. Storrow, '85, Boston.

fChas. M. Hammond, '83, New Lon- don, Conn.

E. A. S. Clarke, '84, New York City.

Fred. L. Sawyer, '83, Cumberland Centre, Me.

Chas. M. Belshaw, '83, San Francisco, Cal.

Robert P. Perkins, '84, N. Y. City.

S. P. Sanger, (cox.), '83, Bangor, Me.

1884

Yale, 20 m., ji s. Richard S. Storrs, '85, Orange, N. J. Chas. B. Hobbs, '85, Brooklyn, N. Y. H. W. Patten, '86, S., North Haven. Alfred Cowles, Jr., '86, Chicago, 111. Frank G. Peters, '86, Syracuse, N. Y. J. R. Parrott, L. S., Oxford, Me. J. F. Scott, '84, W. Philadelphia, Pa. fH. R. Flanders, '85, W. Tisbury,

Mass. L. E. Cadwell, (cox.), '86, S., New

Haven.

Harvard, 20 m., 48 s. J. R. Yocum, '85, Staten Island, N. Y. A. Keith, '85, Quincy. J. J. Storrow, '85, Boston. F. L. Sawyer, L. S., Cumberland Cen- tre, Me. W. G. Borland, '86, New London, Ct. S. T. Hudgens, '84, Sandwich Islands. W. S. Bryant, '84, Boston. fR. P. Perkins, '84, New York City. Charles Davis, (cox,), '84, Lexington.

1885

Yale, 26 m., jo s. C. S. Dodge, '85, New York City. R. S. Storrs, '85, Orange, N. J. H. W. Patten, '86 S., North Haven. C. B. Hobbs, '85, Brooklyn, N. Y. Alfred Cowles, Jr., '86, Chicago, 111. J. R. Parrott, L. S., Oxford, Me. F. G. Peters, '86, Syracuse, N. Y. fH. R. Flanders, '85, W. Tisbury,

Mass. L. E. Cadwell, (cox.), '86 S., New

Haven.

Harvard, 2^ m., iS% s. H. W. Keyes, '87, Boston. J. J. Colony, '85, Keene, N. H. T. P. Burgess, '87, Dedham. G. S. Mumford, '87, Rochester, N. Y. J. R. Yocum, '85, Staten Island, N. Y. W. A. Brooks, '87, Haverhill, fj. J. Storrow, '85, Boston. R. A. F. Penrose, Jr., P. G. Phila- delphia, Pa. T. Q. Browne, Jr., (cox.), '88, Boston.

52

ROWING.

J 886

Yale, 20 m., 41)^ s. R. Appleton, '86, New York City. John Rogers, Jr., '87, Stamford. J. W. Middlebrook, '87, Wilton.

F. A. Stevenson, '88, Brooklyn, N. Y.

G. W. Woodruff, '89, Dimock, Penn. f A. Cowles, Jr., '86, Chicago, 111.

C. W. Hartridge, '87, Savannah, Ga.

E. L. Caldwell, '87, Windsor.

L. E. Cadwell, (cox.), '86 S., N. Haven.

Harvard, 21 m., i^y^ s.

fG. S. Mumford, '87, Rochester, N. Y.

J. J. Colony, '85, Keene, N. H.

J. R. Yocum, '85, Staten Island, N. Y.

Franklin Remington, '87, Cazenovia, N. Y.

T. P. Burgess, '87, Dedham.

W. A. Brooks, Jr., '87, Haverhill.

H. W. Keyes, '87, Boston.

R. A. F. Penrose, Jr., P. G., Phila- delphia, Pa.

T. Q. Browne, (cox.), '88, Boston.

Yale, 22 m., j6 s. R. M. Wilcox, '88 S., Portland. C. O. Gill, '89, Orange, N. J. f John Rogers, Jr., '87, Stamford. J. W. Middlebrook, '87, Wilton.

1887

] Harvard, 2j m., 10% s.

I A. P. Butler, '88, Jamaica Plain.

I J. W. Wood, Jr., '88. So. Orange, N.J.

I fH. W. Keyes, '87, Boston.

i C. E. Schroll, '89, Decatur, 111.

G. W. Woodruff, '89, Dimock, Penn. , J. T. Davis, Jr., '89, St. Louis, Mo. F. A. Stevenson, '88, Brooklyn, N. Y.' E. C. Pfeiffer, '89, Portsmouth, N.

H.

G. R. Carter, '88 S., Honolulu, S. I. E. L. Caldwell, '87, Windsor. R.Thompson, (cox.), '90, Schenectady.

W. A. Brooks, Jr., '87, Haverhill. E. C. Storrow, '89, Brookline. T. Q. Browne, (cox.), '88, Boston.

1852.

1855. 1859. i860. 1864. 1865. 1866. 1867. 1868. 1869. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876.

1877. 1878.

1879. 1880. 1881. 1882. 1883. 1884. 1885. 1886. r887.

NAMES OF REFEREES. Colonel N. Baker, of Concord, N. H. Colonel James M. Thompson, of Springfield, Mass. James McKay (boat builder), of New York. Nathaniel Paine (Atlanta Boat Club), of Worcester, Mass. Robert M. Clark, of Boston, Mass.

Joshua Ward (professional oarsman), of Cornwall, N. Y. W. H. Carpenter, of Providence, R. I. Robert M. Clark, of Boston, Mass. Arthur F. Dexter, of Providence, R. I. A. H. Chamberlain, of Worcester, Mass. Edwin Brown, of Worcester, Mass. A. G. Baxter (Union Boat Club), of Boston, Mass. John C. Babcock (Nassau Boat Club), of New York. John C. Babcock (Nassau Boat Club), of New York. William Wood (trainer of gymnastics), of New York. James Watson (journalist), New York. Prof. Arthur M. Wheeler (Yale, '57), of New Haven, Conn. Prof. Alex. Agassiz (Harvard, '55), of Cambridge, Mass. Prof. Arthur M. Wheeler (Yale, '57), of New Haven, Conn. Prof. Alex. Agassiz (Harvard, '55), of Cambridge, Mass. Prof. Arthur M. Wheeler (Yale, '57), of New Haven, Conn. Prof. Alex. Agassiz (Harvard, '55), of Cambridge, Mass. Prof. Arthur M. Wheeler (Yale, '57), of New Haven, Conn. George A. Richards (Cambridge, Eng.), of Mass. Wm. Bradford (Cambridge, Eng.), of New York. R. C. Cornell.

George L. Rives (Columbia), and Cambridge, Eng. George A. Richards (Cambridge, Eng.), of Cambridge, Mass.

Foot Ball— 1840-1888.

PRE-INTERCOLLEGIATE PERIOD— 1840-1872.

From time immemorial foot ball has been a favorite game at Yale. In the earliest prints of the college build- ings students have been depicted in front of them in tall steeple hats playing at foot ball. The sport was, of course, in its most primitive stage, being the mere kicking of a ball about the Green, with no other object. In course of time, however, it became the subject of rivalry between the two lower classes, and about 1840 an annual game sprang up between the Sophomores and Freshmen. This was really little more than a " rush," or a class scrim- mage, and was the forerunner of the ** rushes," which used to take place at Hamilton Park and at the Yale Field. It was the custom for the challenges to be posted upon the doors of Lyceum and Atheneum. The follow- ing are the last challenge and answer posted :

" Sophomores :

" The Class of '61 hereby challenge the Class of '60 to a game of foot ball, best two in three."

In behalf of the Class,

R. L. Chamberlain, \ James W. McLane, > Committee. A. Sheridan Burt, ) The answer:

"Come ! And like sacrifices in their trim, To the fire-eyed maid of smoky war, All hot and bleeding will we offer you."

" To our youthful friends of the Class of Sixty-one :

*' We hereby accept your challenge to play the noble and time-honored game of Foot Ball, and appoint 2^ o'clock p. m., on Saturday, October 10, 1857, and the Foot Ball grounds, as time and place." In behalf of the Class of Sixty,

L. J. Post, \

E. G. Massey, V Committee.

A. C. Palfrey, )

54 FOOT BALL.

The many spectators of these contests, including ladies, occupied the steps of the State House and other points of advantage, and displayed great interest. From a con- temporary account of the game between the classes of '56 and '57 we may derive some idea of the sport. This account describes the Sophomores as being most gro- tesque in their styles of dress and as having their faces painted in all imaginable colors. The game was started with the ball in the possession of the Freshmen, one of whom after making a feint, picked up the ball and rushed into the wedge-shaped phalanx of his classmates which opened to receive him. This phalanx then immediately closed and rushed forward in close column until it was checked by fourteen picked Sophomores. At this time, with the wedge held in check, others of the Sophomores broke through the flank guard, and seizing the men, hurled them aside and broke up the wedge into individ- uals, the contest becoming a question of mere physical strength. While the strife was going on the ball was extricated and, falling into the possession of a Sophomore, was carried off the field. This was pronounced a foul. The ball being brought back and the game started again, the ball was carried off by a Freshman. The umpires declared the game a draw.

As a rule there was less organization than in the game described, the members of both classes contending as in- dividuals and without concert. The ball used in this game of 1853 was described as *' a bladder ball, inclosed in a leathern case " and was a round one. The umpires were upper-class men.

In 1849 the class of '52 declined the challenge of the Freshmen, but so strong was college opinion in favor of the game that it was revived the following year. How- ever, in 1855 and '56, the game was omitted owing to the action of the class of '59. Advantage was now taken by the college authorities to permanently extinguish the game thus for two years voluntarily suppressed, and when the challenge of the class of '61 to '60 quoted above was posted, a decree of the Faculty prohibited the game, and so ended the annual Sophomore-Freshman game.

FOOT BALL. 55

The objection of the Faculty, however, was to the an- nual game, and not to foot ball itself, as is shown by their taking action a few days later *' to preserve the right of the students to play foot ball on the public green." Originally the students had played foot ball on both the college green and the City Green, but in 1840 the Fac- ulty had forbidden their playing on the college grounds. The part of the City Green which had been so long used by the students for their games as to have been regarded by them as their own, was the part bounded by the State House and Chapel street and by College and Temple streets. In 1841 the students, while playing, came in col- lision with the firemen on parade who, endeavoring to drive them off the ground, met with a determined resist- ance. One of the leaders, Mr. Thomas Hudson Moody, of the class of '43, w^as arrested and fined $20, which fine, added to the "costs" of $80, was paid by his classmates. Complaints now became more frequent from those who had to pass through the Green, and despite the endeav- ors of the Faculty to preserve " the rights of the stu- dents," a by-law was passed February i, 1858, forbidding the playing of foot ball, base ball, etc., on the streets and public squares of the city. From 1858 till 1870, foot ball at Yale was practically dead, although a foot ball was occasionally kicked on " the lot beyond the hospital."

To the class of '72 and '73 is due the revival of the game. The class of *y2 was notably fond of out-of-door exercise, and took many " Hare and Hound " runs and played occasional games of foot ball. At the beginning of their Sophomore year the '73 men, inspired by their example, were ready for out-of-door games, when D. S. Schaff, formerly of Rugby, and an enthusiastic admirer of foot ball, joined the class. His zeal for the game was such that he was at once able to make it popular. The difficulty now was for a suitable place to play. After an attempt to play on the City Green, which ended in some- thing very much like a riot, the students obtained a vacant lot on Elm street. Until 1876 this remained the regular practice ground, but being taken for other pur-

56 FOOT BALL.

poses in this year the students moved to a lot on Dixwell avenue.

The class of '73 formed a regular association in 1871, and sending challenges to the other classes, contended with them in four matches. These matches and all the matches since, which have been played in New Haven before the completion of the Yale Field in 1884, were played at Hamilton Park.

INTERCOLLEGIATE— 1872-1888.

1872

At a meeting of the University, held October 31, 1872, it was voted to form a *' Yale Foot Ball Association." Mr. D. S. SchafF was elected President. Up to this time the game had been played without any fixed rules, the players coming to an agreement among themselves as occasion required. During the fall of this year, however, a code of rules was adopted, of which the one most notice- ably different from those in present use was as follows :

" 5 — No player shall pick up, throw or carry the ball, on any part of the field. Any violation of the regulation shall constitute a foul, and the player so offending shall throw the ball perpendicularly into the air from the place where the foul occurred, and the ball shall not be in play until it touches the ground."

It will be seen that such features of the game as bounding, batting, bunting and babying were inevitable, and the rules for off and on side entirely ignored. Touch- downs and trying at the goal were not thought of.

In November of 1872, Yale sent out her first challenge for a game of foot ball to Columbia College, and on the i6th of November her first Intercollegiate game was played. It resulted in a victory of three straight goals for Yale, won in fifteen, fifty-eight and forty minutes respectively. The Columbia twenty was formed of men of uniformly good size, while the Yale twenty had some large men and some small men, of whom the latter, according to a newspaper

FOOT BALL. 57

account, proved themselves no mean players. The Yale team excelled in discipline and organization and did not lack energy and endurance, while the Columbia men played with much spirit but less care and skill. The costumes worn were not unlike those used in the rushes. The game must have been very much like the present English association game of foot ball, which consists of kicking the ball on the ground. In this game push- ing with the hands was forbidden, but doing so with the shoulder was considered perfectly legitimate and an excellent play. It is curious to note that, when one of the Yale players was disabled by a kick and retired, a man was retired from the Columbia side to even up matters.

The game was considered by all to have been a great success, and hopes were expressed for games in the future, although the difficulty of the Yale men in getting away from New Haven in term time was a great obstacle in the way of the game. This Columbia game was the only game of the season, a challenge being received from Princeton, but no game being arranged.

1873

On the i8th of October, a convention was held at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York to frame a code of rules to govern Intercollegiate games. Harvard refused to attend, but Princeton, Columbia and Rutgers accepted Yale's invitation. The rules adopted were substantially the same as those adopted by Yale the year before.

Rutgers challenged Yale to a game, which was played at Hamilton Park, New Haven, October 25th. Yale won by a score of three goals to one. Another game was played in New Haven with Princeton, which she won by three successive goals. Princeton exhibited great skill in batting the ball and fairly outplayed Yale. A third game was played against eleven Englishmen, captained by Mr. G. C. Allen, of Eton, by eleven Yale men, which resulted in a victory for Yale by two goals to one.

58 FOOT BALL.

1874

Yale played three games in this year, all at Hamilton Park, New Haven. In the first Yale defeated Rutgers, six goals to nothing, and in the others she defeated Columbia, five goals to one and six goals to one. The game this year was noticeably rougher than the year before, although there had been no change in the rules. Yale no longer picked light teams, but the heaviest she could select.

1875

The season this year opened with a series of class championships, the last class series played. On the i8th of September foot ball was put on a permanent basis by the adoption of a constitution. On October i6th dele- gates from Harvard and Yale met at Springfield to make arrangements for a game under '* modified Rugby rules." The only concession granted to Yale was in the matter of fouls, in which the foul ball was to be thrown in the air and not placed on the ground. Yale under- took to play Harvard by these rules, which were new to her, while she played the other colleges by the old rules. The result was most disastrous, Yale being defeated by Columbia as well as Harvard. The only good result of the game with Harvard was that it led to the adoption of the Rugby rules in the following year. Four matches were played during the season. In the first Yale de- feated Rutgers by a score of four goals to one. In the second Harvard defeated Yale by a score of four goals and two touchdowns to nothing. This was the most in- teresting game yet seen in America. The spectators en- joyed Harvard's fine play to the full, almost without chagrin at Yale's defeat, because they could not blame the Yale team for not playing well a game which they had never seen played and did not understand. In the third match of the season, Yale defeated Wesleyan by six straight goals. The last game of the season and the last game played under the old rules at Yale, was with

FOOT BALL. $g

Columbia, and resulted in a defeat for Yale by a score ot three goals to two. In this year the oval Rugby ball was first introduced.

1876 .

In the fall. a committee on rules was appointed and the Rugby rules adopted. Great interest in foot ball was shown throughout the college and the eleven was care- fully trained by Captain Baker. Harvard consented to play one game but declined to play a series. This game was played in New Haven on November i8th. The Yale plan was for the eleven to play on the defensive for the first half, and after the intermission to make a hard fight for a goal. During the first three-quarters of an hour the ball scarcely passed the center of the field, but at the beginning of the second half the Yale men carried it rapidly forward and a good kick by Thompson sent it over the string. The Yale team were then disposed so as to guard their goal line, and the game resulted in a victory for Yale by a score of one goal to none. Harvard made two touchdowns ; but, according to previous agree- ment, these counted nothing. Harvard now wished to play a series but Yale refused. On the 23d of November, Harvard, Columbia and Princeton formed themselves into a foot ball association, which Yale refused to join. This association adopted the Rugby rules, with a few slight changes, the most important of which being a rule that four touchdowns should count as one goal. Yale defeated Princeton on Thanksgiving day at Hoboken by two goals to none. On December 2d the Harvard Fresh- men defeated the Yale Freshmen by three goals to none in a game played on Boston Common with the thermome- ter fourteen degrees below zero. On the 9th of Decem- ber, at Hoboken, Yale defeated Columbia by two goals and five touchdowns to one touchdown. The day was bitterly cold and the ground more or less covered with ice. This gave Yale the championship, with a total score of five goals and five touchdowns to one touchdown made against her.

6o FOOT BALL.

1877

Mr. Baker, now in the Law School, again captained and trained the team. The first game was played with Tufts, November 3d, and was won by Yale with one goal and four touchdowns to nothing. In the next game Yale defeated Trinity by seven goals and eleven touch- downs to nothing. On November 24th Yale defeated Stevens' Institute by thirteen goals and seventeen touch- downs to nothing. The Harvard and Yale Freshmen played two games, both of which the Harvard Freshmen won ; the first by one goal to none and the second by one touchdown to nothing. No game was played with Har- vard this year, Yale claiming that, as champion, she had the right to prescribe the number eleven for the team, while the association, of which Yale was not a member, prescribed fifteen. For the sake of a game Yale at length consented to play Princeton at Hoboken with fifteen. Yale made two touchdowns, but by previous agreement these did not count and the game was declared a draw. The game was said to have been the best ever played in America up to that time.

1878

As both Harvard and Princeton insisted upon fifteen men to a side, Yale yielded. The first four games, two with Amherst and two with Trinity, were easy victories for Yale. On November 23d Yale defeated Harvard at Boston by a score of one goal to none. On their return, at 2 a. m., the victorious team was met by about three hundred students. This was the first time that the Faculty had ever permitted absence from any recitations for the sake of foot ball, and it virtually put foot ball on the same level with base ball.

On Thanksgiving day Princeton defeated Yale at Ho- boken by one goal to none, largely owing to the over-con- fidence of the Yale team. This team was the largest and roughest Yale had hitherto sent out.

FOOT BALL. 6l

1879

Yale's first game was played this year with the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, whom she easily defeated by three goals and five touchdowns to nothing. The game with Harvard was a very rough and hard-fought one. Although, according to the rules, it was a draw, Yale showed a slight superiority over Harvard by compelling her to make four safety touchdowns, while she made but two. The games against Rutgers and Columbia were easy victories. The great Yale-Princeton game was a repetition of Yale's game with Harvard, being technically a draw, with five safety touchdowns against Princeton and but two against Yale. Princeton played an entirely defensive game, by which to retain nominally the glory of the championship which she won in the previous year. For the season Yale's total score stood, ten goals and eleven touchdowns to nothing.

1880

Yale contended this year with five colleges, as in '79, the only change being a game with Brown University in place of Rutgers. The games with Columbia, Penns}^- vania and Brown were easy victories. The Harvard game, played in Cambridge, was most closely fought. No scoring was done in the first half, both sides making safety touchdowns. Rain fell throughout the entire game, rendering everything very slippery and uncertain. A long kick for the Yale goal missed it by only three or four feet, this being, however, the only time Yale was in danger. The ball was forced down to the Harvard end and the intermission came with the play close under Har- vard's goal. In the second half, after much good play, Camp kicked a goal from the field and Watson made a touchdown, time being called before a try at goal could be had. It was noticeable that the '' holding " of the Har- vard rushers was superior to that of the Yale men.

The Princeton game was likewise played in bad

62 FOOT BALL.

weather, the snow falling fast with a driving wind. So much snow had likewise fallen on the night preceding that a squad of men were set to work to shovel it off on the morning of the game. Princeton won the toss and Yale faced the wind. Yale made a safety. Despite the wind Yale kicked as well as rushed the ball, but losing posses- sion of it Princeton kicked and Yale made a second safety. Shortly after the ball was carried into Princeton's territory between her goal and twenty-five yard line, and she touched down for safety four times. The ball then passed into Yale's territory and she made her third safety. There was now little running, the progress of both sides being by kicking. In the second half, the ball was kept under Princeton's goal, and she touched down for safety five times in rapid succession. Having at length made eleven safeties (to Yale's five), she adopted a system of tactics by which to kill time, evidently consid- ering that the championship would hold over to her this year if Yale did not score upon her. The Princeton quarter-back time after time passed the ball to a rusher near at hand, around whom the rushers gathered and pushed until he called ''down," when the process would be repeated. The game ended, with no score being made. Princeton claimed the championship on the ground of its being held over from her defeat of Yale with fifteens in 1878, not remembering that Yale was champion with elevens, having defeated Princeton in 1876. Outside of these claims, however, the championship was claimed by Yale on the following grounds: The association con- sisted of four colleges. Harvard, Princeton, Columbia and Yale. In this association Yale had gained two victories and one draw. Princeton had not yet played Columbia, nor did she do so. She claimed a forfeit for the game not played with Columbia, which the four captains of the association teams did not allow. Thus Yale won more games than any other college in the association, and thereby won the championship, although the association did not award it.

FOOT BALL.

63

THE RUSH-LINE.

I88I

Yale's games with Amherst this year were easy vic- tories. The game with the University of Michigan was interesting as being the first one played by Yale with a Western college. The close game the Michigan men had played with Harvard led everyone to expect an exciting game and a possible defeat for Yale. It was an uneven contest, however, Yale keeping the ball in her enemy's territory and only being in danger once. Yale played a strong game with good passing work.

The Harvard game was played in New Haven during a pouring rain. Both teams displayed excellent training and knowledge of the game, as is attested by the close- ness of the score, four safety touchdowns for Harvard and none for Yale. By a vote of the association safety touchdowns were made to count this year.

The game with Columbia was not a very satisfactory one, as the Yale team played without spirit, probably underrating their opponents, and barely won by one goal to none.

The game with Princeton was played on the Polo Grounds, New York, on Thanksgiving day. Owing to a very strong wind, there was a great deal of rushing and

64 FOOT BALL.

but little kicking. Princeton evaded the rule of the association in regard to safety touchdowns counting, by making " touch in goals," which counted nothing, in place of safeties. This she had a right to do, but in not coming to the same agreement in regard to safeties as Harvard did with Yale, she laid herself open to the charge of preferring a draw game in preference to a defeat, which, however, natural in itself, was not con- sistent with the action of their delegates at the conven- tion. Both teams played well, yet Yale exhibited a superior game, by forcing Princeton to make four " touch- in-goal's " or practically safeties, in the first half, and iA not losing the ball once during the second half, and in keeping it in Princeton's territory despite the adverse wind.

Inasmuch as Princeton had played a drawn game with Harvard, while Yale had defeated Harvard, Yale won more association games during the season, and was formally awarded the championship. Her total score was nine goals and twelve touchdowns to four safeties.

1882

This season's play was noticeable for the larger number of games played by Yale and for the early beginning of the season, the first match being played October 7. In the Rutgers game, a touchdown was scored against Yale, this being the first point made against her since 1878. Yale played this year for the first time against Wesleyan, Rutgers and the Institute of Technology. The Harvard game was played at Cambridge, and resulted in a victory for Yale by a score of one goal and three touchdowns to nothing. Harvard having defeated Princeton, this game virtually decided the championship. A few minutes after the beginning of the game Yale made a touchdown. Harvard, in vain, attempted to break through what the papers called "the best rush line ever put on an Ameri- can field." When they found themselves unable to cope with the Yale men, to their credit be it said, they tried

FOOT BALL. 6$

no block game, but played the game for the sake of the game itself.

Before the Princeton game played on the Polo Grounds several inches of snow had to be shoveled off the field. The chief feature of the game was the long kicking of Moffat for Princeton and Richards for Yale, which was described as resembling a game of lawn-tennis. The ball was carried nearly to Princeton's goal, and she touched down for a safety. A little later Yale made a touch- down and goal. Princeton was now on her mettle and, forcing the ball to the sixty-five yard-line, Haxall made a superb kick, giving a goal to Princeton and lieing the score. In the second half the struggle was tremendous, but the Yale weight and muscle forced the ball into Princeton's territory, and over her line. From this touch- down another goal was kicked, and the championship for 1882 was won. The Yale's team was marked by an '' almost impregnable rush-line," and by remarkably fine tackling, while Princeton, in the person of Moffat, '85, excelled in long distance kicking.

1883

A new method of counting goals, touchdowns, etc., by points, was introduced this year. By this plan, a goal from a touchdown counted six points, a goal from the field five points, a touchdown two points, and a safety one point.

Yale commenced the season earlier than ever this year, playing the first game with Wesleyan on September 26. The Yale team was tremendously heavy, the team and two substitutes averaging i73}4 lbs., while the rush-line averaged 185 lbs.

As Princeton had defeated Harvard the chief interest in the Yale season centered in her game with Princeton, which took place on the Polo Grounds. Although the teams were evenly matched Yale forced the play, and a touchdown having been secured, a goal was kicked eight minutes after play began. No more scoring was done 5

66 * FOOT BALL.

during the game. Yale made many attempts to kick a goal from the field but was prevented by the fine play of the Princeton end-rushers who broke through and stop- ped the ball. The game was distinguished for fine indi- vidual plays, many brilliant runs and long kicks being made. In the kicking, Moffat, Princeton '85, excelled.

The game with Harvard, also played on the Polo Grounds, was attended by ten thousand people. At the start Yale slowly carried the play down into Harvard's territory. After four unsuccessful tries at goal-kicking from the field, during which time Harvard made a safety, Yale kicked a goal from the field. After Yale had made another goal from a touchdown, good play on the part of the Harvard half-backs, and some sharp running by the Harvard rushers, gave Harvard a touchdown, from which no goal was kicked. A long drop-kick from the side of the field gave Yale another goal from the field, and another touchdown and goal completed the score, which stood twenty-three points for Yale and two for Harvard.

The Harvard Committee on Athletics composed of members of the Faculty, had before the Yale-Harvard game come to the conclusion that foot ball had degener- ated into a brutal sport, and that until some changes in the rules were made, the Harvard eleven shouljd not be allowed to play any games. They took the curious posi- tion of objecting to certain rules whose purpose was the prevention of rough play, saying that they allowed of no other inference but that " a manly spirit of fair play was not expected to govern the conduct of all players, but that on the contrary the spirit of sharpers and of roughs had to be guarded against." Owing, however, to the unfortunate financial condition into which both the Harvard and Yale foot ball clubs would be thrown by their action, they allowed the Harvard team to play under the following conditions : First, that the referee be an alumnus and not an undergraduate ; and second, that the referee have full power to send any player from the field for unfair play, it being understood that unfair play did not, in this sense, include ofF-side play.

FOOT BALL. 6/

The annual convention after formally awarding the championship to Yale, and retiring Columbia from the association for not playing two scheduled championship games, revised the rules in order to meet the approval of the Harvard Faculty. The most important changes were asfollows: I. The referee shall be an alumnus. 2. A player can be off-side but twice during a game. 3. The referee shall disqualify a man for being three times warned for intentionally delaying the game.

A touchdown was made to count four points instead of two, and a safety two points.

1884

The rules were still further amended before the begin- ning of this season's play, two important changes made being, first, that " A side having touched the ball down in their opponents' goal, shall try at goal either by a place kick or punt out." This was to prevent the punter purposely making a poor kick in hopes of securing another touchdown. And, second, " A player shall be offside but once during a game," thereby more stringently enforcing the point that intentional offside play could not be allowed. The Harvard eleven of this year was undoubtedly the poorest she ever turned out, being beaten not only by Princeton and Yale, but also by Wesleyan, by a score of 16-0, and by Univ. of Pennsylvania, by a score of 4-0. Yale had an easy time against Harvard, winning the game by a score of 52 to nothing. The features of the game were long kicking on both sides, and good rushing and breaking through on the part of the Yale rushers. The Yale-Princeton game was played on the Polo Grounds on November 28th. Yale won the kick-off and soon after the Yale captain made a run of forty yards. Yale's center now forced the ball into Princeton's five- yard line, and a touchdown, from which a goal was kicked, was made just three minutes after the beginning of the game. The ball being put in play, Lamar of Princeton carried it nearly to Yale's twenty-five yard

68 FOOT BALL.

line, and Princeton, forcing it still nearer, tried for a goal but missed. A Princeton man got through and fell on the ball, making a touchdown, from which no goal was kicked. The game now proceeded by long kicks, on the part of Moffat of Princeton and Richards of Yale, and by short rushes on both sides. In the second half, Yale's goal was once in danger from a goal from the field by Moffat, but this was prevented by the Yale rushers break- ing through. A good run and a long punt by a Yale half-back put the ball in Princeton's territory, where it remained during the rest of the game. After a fine run, which placed the ball in Princeton's twenty -yard line, the Princeton eleven stopped the game to bring forward some claims to the referee, which took up so much time that it was quite dark when the game began again. For the few remaining moments it was impossible to dis- tinguish the players, but the ball remained in Princeton's territory all the time. The darkness became such that the game had to be called ten minutes before time, thereby, under the rules, making it ''no game," and de- priving Yale of the formal championship.

At Harvard Intercollegiate foot ball was prohibited for the ensuing season, and the sentiments of the college being found at a mass-meeting to be favorable to the game, a scheme of inter-class contests was proposed for the fall of 1885.

1885

By the action of her Faculty Harvard was prevented from playing any Intercollegiate games this year, and the association consisted of Princeton, Wesleyan, Pennsyl- vania and Yale. At Yale a new team was formed, only two old men playing. The only game of real interest was the Yale-Princeton game played in New Haven November 21st, when, for the first time since 1878, Prince- ton defeated Yale. The day was a fine one for foot-ball and the game was attended by over five thousand people.

FOOT BALL. 69

The game itself was remarkably close, the Yale team excelling in tackling, blocking and kicking, while the Princeton team excelled in passing, running and dodg- ing. Princeton won the toss, and attempting to rush the ball failed to advance five yards or to lose ten yards, by which the ball went to Yale. The game now goes back and forth, with sharp runs and long punts by Watkinson of Yale and Lamar of Princeton. Yale keeps the play in Princeton's territory and Watkinson three times punts over Princeton's line for a touch in goal, and once nar- rowly misses a goal from the field. Princeton desper- ately works the play toward the middle of the field, but Yale's rush-line works like machinery. Two good runs now bring the ball in front of Princeton's goal posts and Watkinson drops a goal from the field thirty-seven min- utes from the start. In the second half, Princeton's play improved in snap and vigor. After some play by which neither side gain, the ball is slowly but surely carried into Yale's territory, and a run brings it to Yale's fifteen yard line, where five more yards are given to Princeton for Yale's offside play. Lamar forces the ball to the five-yard line, but every effort to gain a touchdown is resisted, and three downs give the ball to Yale. Now comes one of the finest exhibitions of rush-line work ever seen on a foot ball field, by which Yale forces the ball inch by inch, never losing possession of it, to the middle of the field. Here Watkinson makes a long low punt to the side, which one of the Princeton half-backs, muffs and Lamar gets the ball. Yale's end-rushers are almost upon him, but by a clever interference Lamar dodges and has a clear field for a beautiful long run and a touchdown between the goal-posts. From this a goal is easily kicked, and Princeton wins the game by six points to five. But five minutes are left to play, during which Beecher makes a good run to Princeton's twenty-five yard line. The play is carried back and time is called with the ball in the center of the field.

Lamar's run was a marvellous feat worthy of great admiration, but it must be acknowledged that it was a

70 FOOT BALL.

remarkable chance, of which he took advantage. The duties of judging a game were performed this year by a referee alone, in place of the referee and two judges of former years.

1886

The Yale team played more games than ever before during this season. Harvard was admitted to the asso- ciation, and showed that she had not been idle during the preceding season by displaying better football than she had ever played before. As usual the chief interest centered in the games between Harvard, Princeton and Yale. The Harvard-Princeton game was played first, at Princeton, and resulted in a victory for Princeton by a score of two goals to nothing. The Yale-Harvard game, played in Cambridge November 20, resulted in a victory for Yale by a score of twenty-nine points to four. The game was opened by a series of rushes, which carried the ball under Harvard's goal, where Beecher slipped through and made the first touchdown four minutes after play began. The ball then worked into Yale's territory but was carried back and three or four good runs gave Yale a second touchdown. Time, twelve minutes. Score, Yale 12, Harvard o. Now comes some long punting, and shortly after Yale secures her third touchdown. Time, twenty-three minutes. The ball being put in play again, four good rushes by the Harvard men secure a touchdown against Yale, from which no goal is kicked. Five minutes after the second half begins Yale secures another touch- down. More long punting and hard rushing take place, during which Watkinson of Yale, after two narrow misses, finally succeeds in kicking a goal from the field. Poor passing, tackling and catching by the Yale team now allows the ball to get well into their territory and a long kick sends the ball over Yale's line where a touchdown is nar- rowly avoided. The game ends with the ball in Har- vard's territory.

In regard to the Yale-Princeton game there had been

FOOT BALL. 7 1

much discussion as to the place and referee, Princeton refusing to play except on Princeton grounds and with a Princeton referee. Though this was ostensibly fair enough, since the game in 1885 was played on the Yale grounds and with a Yale referee, yet this much was to be said that Princeton in 1885 had chosen the referee and had chosen to have the game out of New York, where Yale wanted to play. The matter being left to a committee of one Harvard, one Princeton and one Yale graduate, it was decided that the game be played at Princeton with Mr. Tracy Harris, Princeton, '85, as referee. When the Yale team appeared on the field, at 2 : 30 p. m., the time agreed upon, no referee was present owing to Mr. Harris' refusal to act. After an hour of waiting, during which the teams retired to the dressing-rooms to escape the fierce rain storm that soaked the five thousand people who waited expectantly upon the uncovered grand-stands, Mr. Har- ris was found, and being prevailed upon to act, started the game at 3 : 30 p. m. The condition of the field beg- gars description, being soaked with water and covered with puddles, one corner especially being a muddy lake, where the grass had been removed to make the base ball diamond. Princeton won the toss and chose the wind, while Yale opened with a couple of short rushes. The play coming near Princeton's goal, her back makes a long punt, which is only stopped at Yale's thirty-yard line. Poor play now loses Yale the ball and Princeton advances it to Yale's ten-yard line. Some fine tackling is done by the Yale rushers, and a series of fine runs ad- vances the ball to within one yard of Princeton's goal line, where poor play loses it. The Princeton center snaps back and the ball is passed to Savage (back), who muffs it and a Yale rusher falls on it. This touchdown is not allowed, the referee saying the ball w^as not properly put in play. The ball is kicked out and, alternating back and forth, is in Princeton's ten-yard line when time is called.

Owing to the thick clouds and the heavy rain, which fell without intermission, it was evident that darkness

72 FOOT BALL.

would come on early, and that, if there were any delays, the game would not be finished. After some short rushes by Princeton, a delay was made by a Princeton rusher, which lasted eight minutes, although five only are al- lowed by the rules. A long kick by a Yale half-back sends the ball over Princeton's goal line, and Savage, the Princeton captain, missing it, a Yale rusher falls on it, and a touchdown is secured. Now followed a perfect pandemonium, adherents of both sides rushing on the field by hundreds, and a long delay ensued. No goal was kicked, and play being resumed, the Princeton cap- tain made frequent calls to have the game stopped on ac- count of darkness, to which the referee finally consented some seventeen minutes before the required time had elapsed. The score stood : Yale 4, Princeton o, but being an unfinished game, it was technically a draw. This accounts for the resolutions adopted at the conven- tion of the association, which were as follows :

Resolved^ That this convention cannot, as a convention, award the championship for 1886.

Resolved, That Yale, according to the points scored, should have won the championship.

Thus Yale, although not technically champions, were virtually, and in the minds of all disinterested spectators, winners of that honor.

1887

The most noticeable innovation this year was the ap- pointment of an umpire, in addition to the referee, whose duty it was to prevent and punish violations of the rules of behavior. This scheme, together with what might be called stricter attention to business, did away with almost all of the " slugging," and placed foot ball higher in public estimation than it had ever been before.

The important games were begun by the defeat of Princeton by Harvard at Cambridge by two goals to nothing, reversing the score of the previous year. Prince- ton was unfortunate, however, in losing early in the game

FOOT BALL.

73

THE GOAL.

her strongest rusher, Cowan, who was disqualified for a foul tackle. The Yale-Princeton game was played on the Polo Grounds, New York, on a day which was hardly an improvement on the atrocious weather of the previous year. It was in many respects a very satisfactory game, being free from delays (by a change in the rules, no delays over one minute being allowed), slugging, foul tackling, etc. The rush-lines were about equally heavy, with the advantange of strength on the side of Yale, her five rush- ers in the centre being all rowing men. There was much slipping about and fumbling, which the wet and mud fully excused. At the start Princeton rushes the ball to Yale's twenty-five yard line, but it changes hands and is returned by a kick. After considerable play it is in Princeton's twenty-five yard line, and shortly after Yale has the ball inside the five-yard line but is unable to

74 FOOT BALL.

score. The ball is kicked by Princeton, but three good rushes give Yale a touchdown, from which a goal is kicked.

In the second half the Yale rushers force the ball to Princeton's five-yard line, and after a little play back and forth, the ball is passed back by Princeton, but being muffed is fallen on by the Yale center, making Yale's second touchdown and goal. The play now surges one way and another, and Yale has the ball within two yards of Prince- ton's goal line, but failing to advance, forfeits the ball to Princeton. Time is called with the ball in the middle of the field. Above all the fine playing of the various mem- bers of both teams, the rushing of Cowan, of Princeton, should be mentioned as phenomenally brilliant.

The Harvard-Yale game was played on the Polo Grounds on Thanksgiving day. As both Harvard and Yale had defeated Princeton by the same score, the game promised to be of unusual interest, and attracted an audi- ence of from twenty to twenty-four thousand people. The scene was more brilliant than ever before, some sixty or seventy coaches being lined up on two sides of the field, decked in red or blue.

The game began at two o'clock. A few rushes and a kick carry the ball to Harvard's twenty-five yard line. The ball works back into Yale territory and Porter, of Harvard, makes a fine run, passing all but the reliable Yale back. Play now drifts back to the middle of the field. Harvard being given five yards advance several times for the offside play of the Yale rushers in breaking through before the ball is snapped. Corbin, the Yale center-rush, being unguarded by the Harvard center, instead of snapping back, kicks the ball forward a few inches, and picking it up runs about twenty yards. A few more determined rushes carry the ball to Harvard's fifteen-yard line, where Bull, the Yale back, kicks a beauti- ful goal from the field. Score, Yale 5, Harvard o. Time, 30 minutes. After a few unimportant plays the Yale cen- ter again kicks and carries the ball from the lining-up, and secures a touchdown, from which a goal is kicked,

FOOT BALL. 75

three minutes after the goal from field. Score, Yale ii, Harvard o. The play being started again, a few Harvard rushes and a fine kick bring the ball to Yale's fifteen-yard line. Harvard gains a few yards by rushing and being al- lowed five yards for Yale's offside play, has the ball down within two yards of Yale's line. The Harvard quarter- back, however, fumbles and a Yale rusher secures the ball. The Yale back punting Harvard secures the ball and Sears runs. Time has been called before he passes the Yale rushers, and they do not attempt to stop him, as he runs over the line, securing a touchdown too late to be counted. In the second half Harvard works desper- ately and has the ball at Yale's fifteen-yard line. The backs exchange kicks, but the Yale backs' kick rebounds from a Harvard rusher, and is dropped on by a Yale half- back, preventing a touchdown but scoring a safety giving two points to Harvard. Harvard encouraged, now works the ball to within ten yards of Yale's line, where Porter carries it over, making a touchdown and goal. Score, Yale II, Harvard 8. Yale now redoubles her efforts and reaches Harvard's five-yard line but loses the ball. Shortly after Wurtenburg, the Yale half-back, makes a brilliant run of thirty-five yards, securing a touchdown and goal. Final score, Yale 17, Harvard 8. The game was un- doubtedly the finest ever played in America, and was won by Yale's superior team-play, added to her ability to play both a kicking and a rushing game, while Harvard played almost entirely a rushing game. All the papers spoke most highly of the elimination of all disagreeable features and of the high position which is now so well assured for foot ball in America.

YALE UNIVERSITY FOOT BALL RECORD.

Nov. 10, Yale vs. Columbia,

1872

Touch- Goals, downs.

(twenties) 3-0

Oct. 25, Yale vs. Rutgers, Yale vs. Princeton,

1873

(twenties) 3-1 0-3

Nov. 18, Yale vs. Rutgers, Nov. 21, Yale vs. Columbia, Dec. <?, Yale vs. Columbia,

1874

(twenties) 6-0

5-1 6-1

Nov. 6, Yale vs. Rutgers, Nov. 13, Yale vs. Harvard, Nov. 16, Yale vs. Wesle)'an, Dec. 4, Yale vs. Columbia,

1875

(twenties) 4-1

(fifteens) 0-4

(twenties) 6-0

2-3

Nov. 18, Yale vs. Harvard, , Nov. 30, Yale vs. Princeton, Dec. 9, Yale vs. Columbia,

1876

(elevens) i-o

" 2-0

" 2-0

5-1

1877

Nov. 3,	Yale vs. Tufts, . . . ,	(elevens)	I-O	4-0
Nov. 21,	Yale vs. Trinity,	"	7-0	II-O
Nov. 24,	Yale vs. Stevens Institute,	"	13-0	17-0
Dec. 8,	Yale vs. Princeton,	(fifteens)	Draw.	(2^)

Nov. 2, Yale vs. Amherst, Nov. 9, Yale vs. Trinity, Nov. 13, Yale vs. Trinity, Nov. 23, Yale vs. Harvard, . Nov. 28, Yale vs. Princeton,

1878

(fifteens)

2-0 2-0 3-0 i-o

O-I

Nov. I, Yale vs. Univ. of Penn.

Nov. 8, Yale vs. Harvard,

Nov. 15, Yale vs. Rutgers,

Nov. 22, Yale vs. Columbia,

Nov. 27, Yale vs. Princeton,

Nov. 10, Yale vs. Columbia, Nov. 13, Yale vs. Brown, Nov. 17, Yale vs. Univ. of Penn'. Nov. 20, Yale vs. Harvard, Nov. 25, Yale vs. Princeton

FOOT BALL.			77
1879 nn., (fifteens)	Goals. 3-0	Touchdowns. Safeties, 5-0 2-4
« It	5-0 2-0	3-0 3-0	2-5
1880
(elevens) ;nn'., " «	13-0 8-0 8-0 I-O	5-0 5-0 i-o I-O	i-ii 2-9 5-1 1

Oct. 29, Yale vs. Amherst,

Nov. 2, Yale vs. Univ. of Michigan

Nov. 5, Yale vs. Amherst,

Nov. 12, Yale vs. Harvard,

Nov. 16, Yale vs. Columbia,

Nov. 24, Yale vs. Princeton,

1881 (elevens)

2-0 2-0 4-0

i-o

4-0 8-0

0-4

	1882
Oct. 7,	Yale vs. Wesleyan,	(elevens)	9-0
Oct. 21,	Yale vs. Rutgers,	"	9-0	3-0	0-3
Oct. 28,	Yale vs. Rutgers,	<<	5-0	i-i
Nov. 4,	Yale vs. Inst. Technology,	i(	6-0	2-0
Nov. 8,	Yale vs. Amherst,	(1	9-0	I-O
Nov. 18,	Yale vs. Columbia,	(1	II-O	5-0
Nov. 25,	Yale vs. Harvard,	«'	I-O	3-0	0-2
Nov. 30,	Yale vs. Princeton,	«	2-1		I-I

1883

Sept. 26, Yale vs. Wesleyan, 3-0

Sept. 29, Yale vs. Wesleyan, 4-0

Oct. 7, Yale vs. Stevens Institute, i-o Nov. 6, Yale vs. Rutgers, 5-0

Nov. 17, Yale vs. Columbia, 4-0

Nov. 21, Yale vs. Univ. of Michigan, 2-0

Nov. 24, Yale vs. Princeton,

Nov. 29, Yale vs. Harvard, 2-0

uchd'ns.	downs.	Safeties.	Points.
6-0	3-0	0-3	60-0
[O-O	3-0	0-4	90-0
5-0	5-0	0-3	48H5
9-0	6-0	0-7	98-0
[I-O	2-0	0-3	93-0
8-0	2-0	0-2	64-0
I-O			6-0
2-0	O-I	O-I	23-2

;8

FOOT BALL.

1884

Oct. I, Oct. II, Oct. 18, Oct. 22, Oct. 25, Nov. 5, Nov. 22, Nov. 28,

Goals Goals from from field. Touchd'ns.

Yale vs. Wesleyan, 3-0 i-o

Yale vs. Stevens Institute, 2-0 12-0

Yale vs. Wesleyan, 5-0 3-0 .

Yale vs. Rutgers, ii-i

Yale vs. Dartmouth, i-o 14-0

Yale vs. Wesleyan, 5-0

Yale vs. Harvard, 6-0

Yale vs. Princeton, i-o

Touch- downs.

2-0

3-0

5-0

2-1

4-0

3-0

4-0

o-i

Safeties. O-I O-I

O-I

0-4

0-2

Points.

31-0

96-0

63-0

76-10

1 13-0

46-0

52-0

6-4

1885

		from field	. Touchd'ns.	downs.	Safeties.	Points.
Oct.	10,	Yale vs. Stevens Institute, 3-0	4-0	4-0		55-0
Oct.	14.	Yale vs. Wesleyan,	I-o	3-0		18-0
Oct.	28,	Yale vs. Wesleyan, 5-0	4-0	4-0	0-3	71-0
Oct.	31,	Yale vs. Inst. Technology, 3-0	4-0	2-0	0-2	51-0
Nov.	14,	Yale vs. Univ. of Penn., 3-1	I-o	7-0	0-2	53-5
Nov.	21,	Yale vs. Princeton, i-o	O-I			5-6
Nov.	25,	Yale vs. Wesleyan, 3-0 1886 Goals	7-0 Goals from	I-o Touch-		61-0
		from field.	, Touchd'ns.	downs.	Safeties.	Points.
Oct.	6,	Yale vs. Wesleyan, i-o	8-0	5-0	O-I	75-0
Oct.	9.	Yale vs. Wesleyan,	9-0	2-0		62-0
Oct.	16,	Yale vs. Inst. Technology,	13-0	3-0	0-3	96-0
Oct.	20,	Yale vs. Stevens Institute, 2-0	5-0	3-0	O-I	54-0
Oct.	23,	Yale vs. Williams,	8-0	6-0	0-2	76^
Oct.	30,	Yale vs. Wesleyan,	22-0	I-o		136-0
Nov.	13,	Yale vs. Univ. of Penn., i-o	7-0	7-0		75-0
Nov.	20,	Yale vs. Harvard, i-o	4-0	O-I		29-4
Nov.	25,	Yale vs. Princeton,		I-o		4-0

1887

Goals Goals from from field. Touchd'ns.

Touch- downs.

Safeties.

0-2

0-2

Oct. 6, Yale vs. Wesleyan, 3-0 4-0

Oct. 15, Yale vs. Wesleyan, 15-0 3-0

Oct. 22, Yale vs Williams, 9-0 5-0

Oct. 29, Yale vs. Univ. of Penn., 6-0 3-0 o-i

Nov. 5, Yale vs. Rutgers, 12-0 o-i

Nov. 12, Yale vs. Wesleyan, lo-o 3-1 o-i

Nov. 19, Yale vs. Princeton, 2-0

Nov. 24, Yale vs. Harvard, i-o 2-1 i-o

Summary — Out of 86 games played, Yale has won 81 including 9 from Harvard and 6 from Princeton, and has lost 5, of which Princeton has won 3, Harvard i, and Columbia i.

Points, 38-0

106-0 74-0 50-0 74-0

74-4 12-0

17-8

FOOT BALL CHAMPIONSHIPS, 1876-1888.

Year.	Contestants.	Winner.	Remarks.
1876	Yale. Princeton. Harvard. Columbia.	Yale.	Yale not in Association, but de- feated every member of it.
1877	Yale. Princeton.	Not awarded.	Yale not in Association. Yale made two touchdowns to Princeton's nothing. This by the rules a draw game.
1878	Yale. Princeton. Harvard.	Princeton.	Yale defeated Harvard this year by one goal to nothing.
1879	Yale. Princeton. Harvard. Columbia.	Not awarded.	Yale's games with Princeton, and Harvard by the rules draw games. Princeton, 5 safeties ; Yale, 2. 'Harvard, 4 safeties ; Yale, 2.
1880	Yale. Princeton. Harvard. Columbia.	Not awarded.	Yale defeated Harvard by one goal and one touchdown to nothing. Draw game with Princeton.
1881	Yale. Princeton. Harvard. Columbia.	Yale.	Yale defeated Harvard by no safe- ties to four, and tied Princeton, neither scoring, except Prince- ton made touch-in goals.
1882	Yale. Princeton. Harvard. Columbia.	Yale.	Yale defeated Harvard by a goal and three touchdowns to nothing, and Princeton by two goals to one. Harvard defeated Princeton.
1883	Yale. Princeton. Harvard. Columbia.	Yale.	Yale rush line averaged 185 lbs.
1884	Yale. Princeton. Harvard. Wesleyan.	Not awarded.	Harvard beaten by four colleges this year. Yale defeated Prince- ton 6-4 in an unfinished game.
1885	Yale. Princeton. Wesleyan. Univ. of Penn.	Princeton.	Harvard kept out of football by her Faculty. Princeton defeated Yale by 6 to 5.
1886	Yale. Princeton. Harvard. Wesleyan. Univ. of Penn.	Not awarded.	Yale defeated Princeton 4-0 in an unfinished game. Princeton, 12 ; Harvard, 0.
1887	Yale. Princeton. Harvard. Wesleyan. Univ. of Penn.	Yale.	Harvard defeated Princeton 12-0. Audience of about 20,000 at Yale- Harvard game.

Totals — Yale, 5 ; Princeton, 2 ; not awarded, 5.

COMPARATIVE SCORES OF YALE AND HER OPPONENTS.

		Yale.				Opponents.
	Goals		Touch-			Goals		Touch-
	from field.	Goals,	, downs.	Safeties.	Points.	from field.	Goals.	downs.	Safeties.	Pts.
1872 1873 1874	—	3 3 17	—	—	—	—	4 2	—	—	—
—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1875	—	12	—	—	—	—	8	2	—	—
1876	—	5	5	—	—	—	—	I	—	—
1877 1878 1879	—	21 g	34	—	—	—	I	—	—	—
—	10	II	4	—	—		—	9	—
1880	—	30	12	8	—	—	—	—	31	—
I88I	—	9	12	—	—	—	—	—	4	—
1882	—	52	15	I	—	—	I	I	6	—
1883	21	52	21	—	482	—	—	1	23	2
1884	II	53	23	—	483	—	I	2	9	14
1885	18	21	21	—	314	I	I	—	7	II
1886	5	76	28	—	607	—	—	I	7	4
1887	I	59	18	I	445	—	I	I	7	12
Totals, 56	431	200	14	2331	I	19	9	103	43

YALE UNIVERSITY FOOT BALL MEN. 1872

W. F. McCook, C. S. Hemingway, E. S. Miller, S. L. Boyce, L. W. Irwin, J. P. Peters, H. A. Strong, '73 ; W. S. Halstead, R. H. Piatt, P. A. Porter, R. W. Kelley, J. L. Scudder, J. A. R. Dunning, H. Scudder, H. D. Bristol, T. T. Sherman, '74 ; H. A. Oaks, C. H. Avery, W. H. Hotchkiss, '75 ; R. D. A. Parrott, '74 S. (f D. S. Schaflf, '73, acting captain.)

1873 C. Deming, '72 ; J. P. Peters, '73 ; fW. S. Halstead, H. D. Bristol, J. L. Scudder, T. T. Sherman, G. M. Gunn, C. D. Waterman, E. D. Robbins, W. E. D. Stokes, L. Melick, W. O. Henderson, C. E. Humphrey, G. V. Bush- nell, J. A. R. Dunning, P. A. Porter, '74 ; W. H. Hotchkiss, F. L. Grinnell, H. J. McBirney, '75 ; E. V. Baker, '77.

f Indicates the Captain.

FOOT BALL. 8l

1874

C. Deming, '72 ; J. P. Peters, '73 ; H. D. Bristol, '74 ; fH. J. McBirney, C. H. Avery, C. W. Cochran, W. S. Fulton, F. L. Grinnell, C. Maxwell, F. T. McClintock, '75 ; W. Arnold, A. H. Ely, M. H. Phelps, D. Trumbull, F. W. Vaille, W. J. Wakeman, F. N. Wright, '76 ; E. V. Baker, '77 ; W. L. R. Wurts, '78 ; W. C. Hall, '75 S.

1875

J. P. Peters, '73; fW. Arnold, W. J. Wakeman, D. Trumbull, C. Johnston, F. N. Wright, M. H. Phelps, F. W. Vaille, '76 ; E. V. Baker, G. T. Elliot, '77 ; W. L. R. Wurts, E. W. Smith, '78 ; O. D. Thompson, G. D. Munson, '79 ; D. R. Alden, '76 S.; [E. D. Robbins, G. V. Bushnell, '74 ; B. B. Seelye, '76; F. W. Davis, '77 ; T. E. Rochfort, '79, on the twenty, not on the fifteen^^

1876

Forwards—G. H. Clark, '80 ; W. H. Taylor, '78 ; C. C. Camp, '77 ; W. V. Downer, '78 ; N. U. Walker, '77. Halfbacks—SN. C. Camp, '80 ; W. D. Hatch, '79 ; O. D. Thompson, '79. Backs— Vf . L. R. Wurts, '78 ; W. T. Big- elow, '77 ; fE. V. Baker, '77.

1877

Rushers—^. V. Downer, '78 ; B. B. Lamb, '81 ; J. S. Harding, '80; W. L. R. Wurts, '78. Halfbacks— W. C. Camp, '80 ; G. H. Clark, '80 ; O. D. Thomp- son, '79 ; F. W. Brown, '78 S. Backs— W. J. Wakeman, M. S.; D. Trumbull, L. S.; fE. V. Baker, L. S.

1878

Forwards—]. V. Farwell, '79 ; L. K. Hull, '82 ; H. Ives, '81 ; J. S. Harding, '80; B. B. Lamb, '81 ; J. Moorhead, '79 S.; F. M. Eaton, '82. Halfbacks— F. W. Brown, P. G.; W. A. Peters, '80 ; O. D. Thompson, '79 ; R. W. Wat- son, '81 S.; fW. C. Camp, '80. Backs— SR. J. Wakeman, M. S.; W. K. Nixon, '81 ; W. L Badger, '82.

1879

Forwards— ¥. M. Eaton, '82 ; J. S. Harding, '80 ; L. K. Hull, '82 ; B. B. Lamb, '81 ; H. H. Knapp, '82 ; J. Moorhead, '79 S.; F. Remington, C. S. Beck, '83. Halfbacks—^. L Badger, '82 ; fW. C. Camp, '80, G. H. Clark, '80 ; W. A. Peters, '80 ; R. W. Watson, '81 S. Backs— W. K. Nixon, '81 ; C. W. Lyman, '82.

1880

Rushers— V. C. Fuller, '81 ; C. S. Beck, '83 ; L. K. Hull, '83 ; J. S. Harding, '80; B. B. Lamb, '81; C. B. Storrs, '82; F. M. Eaton, '82. Quarterback— W. L Badger, '82. Halfbacks— \'R. W. Watson, '81 S.; W. C. Camp, '80. Back—B. W. Bacon, '81. 6

82 FOOT BALL.

l88i

Rushers— Y{. H. Knapp, '82 ; R. Tompkins, '84 ; L. K. Hull, '83 ; B. B. Lamb, '8i ; C. B. Storrs, fF. M. Eaton, '82 ; C. S. Beck, '83. Quarterback— W. L Badger, '82. Halfbacks— ¥.. L. Richards, Jr., '85 ; W. C. Camp, M. S. Back—B. W. Bacon, T. S.

1882

Rushers— I.. K. Hull, '83 ; H. H. Knapp, L. S.; fR. Tompkins, '84; A. L. Farwell, '84 ; F. G. Peters, '86 ; W. H. Hyndman, '84 ; C. S. Beck, '83. Quarterback— B.. B. Twombly, '84. Halfbacks— B. L. Richards, Jr., '85 ; W. Terry, '85. Back—B. W. Bacon, T. S.

1883

Bushers^^R. Tompkins, '84; L. K. Hull, L. S.; W. H. Hyndman, '84; S. R. Bertron, '85 ; F. G. Peters, '86 ; H. H. Knapp, L. S.; A. L. Farwell, '84. Quarterback— B.. B. Twombly, '84. Halfbacks— Y.. L. Richards, Jr., '85 ; W. Terry, '85. Back—B. W. Bacon, T. S.

1884

Buskers— \^. N. Goodwin, '88 ; L. F. Robinson, '85 ; A. B. Coxe, '87 ; F. G. Peters, '86 ; H. R. Flanders, '85 ; S. R. Bertron, '85 ; F. W. Wallace, '88. Quarterback— T. L. Bayne, '87. Halfbacks— ^'E. L. Richards, Jr., '85 ; W. Terry, '85. Back—M. H. Marlin, '86 S.

1885

Rushers— Y. W. Wallace, '88 ; G. R. Carter, '88 S.; A. C. Lux, '88 ; fF. G. Peters, '86 ; G. W. Woodruff, '89 ; H. L. Hamlin, '87 S.; R. N. Corwin, '87 ; Quarterback— n. Beecher, '88. Halfbacks— G. A. Watkinson, '89; W. T. Bull, '88 S. Back—Y. L. Burke, '87.

1886

Rushers— ^^Si. N. Corwin, '87 ; G. R. Carter, '88 S.; G. W. Woodruff, '89 ; W. H. Corbin, '89 ; T. W. Buchanan, '89 ; C. O. Gill, '89 ; F. W. Wallace, '88. Quarterback— U. Beecher, '88. Halfbacks— G. A. Watkinson, '89 ; S. B. Morison, '90. Back—Vf. T. Bull, '88 S.

1887

Rushers— Y. W. Wallace, '89 ; C. O. Gill, '89 ; G. R. Carter, '88 S.; W. H. Corbin, '89 ; G. W. Woodruff, '89 ; S. M. Cross, '88 ; F. C. Pratt, '88 S. Quarterback— \li. Beecher, '88. Half backs— Vf . P. Graves, '91 ; W. C. Wur- tenburg, '89 S. Back—W. T. Bull, '88 S.

Note. — Of these players, 57 played one year, 30 two years, 11 three years, 12 four years, 2 five years and 2 six years. The two who played six years were Camp, '80, and Hull, '83, and the two who played five years were Baker, '77, Lamb, '81.

FOOT BALL.

83

FRESHMAN INTERCOLLEGIATE FOOT BALL RECORD.

Date.	Place.	Contestants.	Winner.	Score.
1876. Dec. 2.	Boston.	Yale, '80, Harvard, '80.	Harvard, '80.	3 goals to 0.
1877. Nov. 17.	New Haven.	Yale, '81. Harvard, '81.	Harvard, '81.	I goal to 0.
1877. Dec. II.	Boston.	Yale, '81. Harvard, '81.	Harvard, '81.	I touchdown to 0.
1879. Nov. 22.	New Haven.	Yale, '83. Harvard, '83.	Yale, '83.	2 touchdowns to 0.
1879. Nov. 29.	Cambridge.	Yale, '83. Harvard, '83.	Yale, '83.	I goal 3 touch, to 0.
1880. Nov. 17.	Springfield.	Yale, '84. Harvard, '84.	Yale, '84.	3 goals I touch, to 0.
1881. Nov. 12.	Springfield.	Yale, '85. Amherst, '85.	Yale, '85.	Amherst, 4 safeties.
1881. Nov. 26.	Boston.	Yale, '85. Harvard, '85.	Yale, '85.	2 goals I touch, too.
1882. Nov. II.	Middletown.	Yale, '86. Wesleyan, '85.	Wesleyan, '85.	I touchdown to 0.
1882. Dec. 2.	Cambridge.	Yale, '86. Harvard, '86.	Tie-game.	6-6
1883. Nov. 29.	Cambridge.	Yale, '87. Harvard, '87.	Tie-game.	5-5
1884. Oct. 22.	Hartford.	Yale, '88. Amherst, '88.	Yale, '88.	58-0
1884. Nov. 5.	New Haven.	Yale, '88. Wesleyan, '88.	Yale, '88.	8-2
i886. Nov. 27.	Cambridge.	Yale, '90. Harvard, '90.	Harvard, '90.	22-4
1887. Nov. 26.	New Haven.	Yale, '91. Harvard, '91.	Harvard, '91.	6-2

Totals — Harvard Freshmen, 5 ; Yale Freshmen, 4. Note. — In this Summary only Yale-Harvard Freshman games are counted.

Base Ball— 1 8^9-1 S88.

Base ball was first played at Yale in 1859, ^t which time it was in a very crude state of development. For six years after its introduction the interest in the game was fluctuating — the sport being relinquished entirely in i860— but in the fall of '65 the Y. U. B. B. C. was organized, with J. Coffin, '68, as President. A Univer- sity nine was picked from the class nines to meet a challenge from the Agallian Club of Wesleyan University.

According to contemporary accounts "the Yale nine never before having played together, improved vastly as the game progressed, and toward the close played very brilliantly. Their fielding was excellent, some very fine fly-catches being made, and home runs were secured by three men."

The score stood Yale 39 runs, Wesleyan 13, and the game lasted 3 hours, 20 minutes. Two more games were played by the Yale nine during the fall, both with the Waterbury Club, the scores of which were, respectively, Yale 35, Waterbury 30, and Yale 52, Waterbury 30.

1866

In the spring of this year three games were played, two with the Charter Oaks, of Hartford, and one with the Waterbury's, all being defeats for Yale. In the fall the nine was reorganized, and a committee of four, including J. Coffin, the captain, appointed to select players. In the first game Yale defeated Waterbury 52 to 41, and later won an easy victory over Bridgeport by 59 to 10. The third and last game in the fall Yale lost to Waterbury.

BASE BALL. 85

1867

But two games were played in the spring of this year, against the Liberty Club of Norwalk, and the Riversides of Norwich, both Yale victories. In the fall Yale had for the first time a really good nine, and one which, being free from class distinctions had the sympathy of the entire college.

In the first game of the season against the Waterburys, Hooker's pitching and quick throwing to bases were very effective, while the fielding and team play were excellent. Yale's game with Columbia was an easy victory, the latter not being in good trim. Individual fine plays were made on both sides, and Columbia's fielding throughout was fine, her batting being her weak point.

Another victory over the Waterburys completed the season's play.

1868

The opening game this spring was played with the Unions of Morrisania, the champions of the country. Over 1200 people witnessed the game, which was close and exciting. At the end of the fifth inning Yale stood 8 runs to Unions 4, and at the end of the ninth inning the game was a tie. Union won finally by 16 to 14. Of the Yale players, McCutchen, short stop. Hooker, pitcher, and Condict, catcher, received many compliments. In the game with the Lowell Club, of Boston, Selden won a prize bat valued at $15, offered for the best score made by a Yale man, by making twelve bases and but one out.

On June 25th, Yale played Princeton for the first time. The playing on both sides was poor, the Princeton nine especially, having played Harvard and Williams on the two preceding days, being worn out. The score was Yale 30, Princeton 13.

The first Yale-Harvard game was played July 25th, and resulted in a victory for Harvard by 25 runs to 17. The Yale nine disappointed its friends and played with no

68 BASE BALL.

Spirit. In the fall the nine played four games, winning them all, against the Libertys of Norwalk, the Eckfords of Brooklyn, and the Bridgeports. The individual play- ers were mentioned as follows : " Deming made five beau- tiful fly-catches. Richards shone well behind the bat, and Hooker pitched as effectively as ever."

1869

The opening game with the champion Mutuals of New York, was witnessed by 1500 people, and was an interest- ing contest. The score was 18 to 16 against Yale. On June 28th, the Williams nine announced on the posters as **at present the champion nine of American Colleges," visited New Haven, and were beaten 26 to 8.

The second annual Yale-Harvard game was played in Brooklyn, and resulted in a fine victory for Harvard. The Yale fielding was very poor and the pitching was not at all troublesome, so that Harvard ran up 41 runs to Yale's 24. Harvard excelled in base-running, every player that reached first, invariably making second on the first or second ball pitched. The play of Bush, the Har- vard captain, was highly commended, and his command of his nine was admirable. The game lasted 3 hrs. 20 min.

In the fall only one game was played (and lost) by a nine made up with six new players.

1870

The spring season was opened by a game with the Ath- letics, of Philadelphia, who by powerful batting made 29 runs to 12. After some practice games with professional clubs, the third Yale-Harvard game was played on the 4th of July. At the sixth inning the score was a tie, with nineteen runs for each. Harvard won however, 24 to 22. Two days later Yale suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of Princeton, losing the game by 49 to 12. In the fall five^games were played with neighboring clubs.

BASE BALL 8/

187I

In the first games of the season the Yale pitcher, Strong, showed signs of great promise, although in the game with the Haymakers, of Troy, he was batted for 46 bases. After eight practice games the nine met Harvard. By the same mismanagement as in the previous year, Yale ventured to risk a Harvard game when her players were demoralized by annual examinations. Yale excelled at the bat, but her poor fielding lost the game. The score stood Harvard 22, Yale 19.

In the fall four games were played, of which Yale lost one. In the game with the Osceolas, of Stratford, the Yale fielding was nearly perfect, but one error being made.

1872

In the spring four practice games were played before the nine met Harvard. Early in the spring Yale made an informal proposition to Harvard to substitute for the annual game a series of games, the best two in three. To this Harvard agreed and at the same time Yale consented to throw open the contest to members of all departments at each University.

The first game played in New Haven Harvard w^on easily by 32 to 13. The second game, in Boston, stood at the end of the sixth inning Yale 9, Harvard 6, but here Harvard by good batting assisted by Yale errors made seven runs. In the next inning Yale made eight runs, so that at the beginning of the ninth inning the score stood Yale 17, Harvard 15. In the ninth inning Harvard made four runs and blanked Yale, winning the game. It was claimed that the umpire in the last inning favored Har- vard by giving them bases on called balls (three being sufficient) and was unduly strict with the Yale batters.

During the fall no University games were played, class games absorbing the attention of the College.

88 BASE BALL.

1873

When the spring opened there was much enthusiasm over base ball and plenty of good material in College, the chief need of the Yale nine being, as it always had been, greater coolness at critical points, which faithful practice and more frequent games could alone give.

A series, best two in three, was played with Princeton this year as well as Harvard. Besides five games with these two Colleges, six games were played with pro- fessionals.

The first College game was played at Princeton May 10. The first six innings were marked by sharp fielding, the score being Yale 2, Princeton i. Princeton batted weakly throughout, making in all but two runs while Yale ran up her score to nine.

The second game with Princeton in New Haven was won by Princeton 10 to 9. The Yale catcher was hurt in the first inning and a change battery put in.

In the first Harvard game of the season Yale was defeated by one run. At the end of the sixth inning Harvard had a lead of six runs which was ineffectually reduced by hard work. Much nervousness was evinced by both nines, and errors in the field were numerous.

In the next Harvard game at Cambridge Yale was completely outplayed, making but three base hits off Hooper, while the Yale fielding was so poor that 29 runs were made on 18 base hits. The final score stood 29 to 5.

With this disastrous game ended the chain of eight defeats which Yale experienced from Harvard. Up to the end of '73 there can be no doubt that the Harvard nines were uniformly better than the Yale nines. Har- vard's advantage lay in the number of excellent clubs in and near Boston, from whom she learned a scientific knowledge of the game. This is shown by her uniform steadiness and team work, a feature noticeably absent from Yale nines.

In the fall one practice game was played and then Yale declined Princeton's challenge for the third game of the

BASE BALL. 89

series begun in the spring on the ground that her nine was not organized. Yale offered, however, to play a practice game at Princeton. The Yale pitcher was heavily batted and being poorly supported, the game went to Princeton 18 to 4. This game had a depressing effect on the base ball interests in the spring.

1874

The nine played eighteen games during the spring season, of which two games each were played with Har- vard and Princeton. After it had been decided to have the College regatta at Saratoga, Yale proposed that the Yale-Harvard games should be played at Saratoga dur- ing race-week instead of in Cambridge and New Haven. The advantages of this change being that both nines would be able to recover from the effects of the annual ex- aminations. From the end of the term till the middle of July, when the games with Harvard were to be played, the nine made a practice tour during which they played the Hartfords, Baltimores, Mutuals, etc., and defeated Princeton easily in two games. The scores in these were 16 to I and II to 3.

The games with Harvard were played July 14 and the morning of July 15. There was much enthusiasm dis- played, the audience being composed mostly of students. Both games were very creditable, the fielding being uniformly good. The brilliant pitching of Avery un- doubtedly won Yale the games. The scores were Yale 4, Harvard o and Yale 7, Harvard 4.

Yale won no games against professional clubs this year which was sufficiently accounted for by the rapid develop- ment of the game among professionals.

In the fall three games were played by a rather dis- organized nine against neighboring clubs.

90 BASE BALL.

1875

Yale played fourteen games this season. The first championship game was with Princeton, and was an easy victory for Yale, 14 to 4. The Yale nine batted heavily and their battery work was effective. So easily was this game won that a most deplorable feeling of over-confi- dence possessed both the nine and the students, and with the usual result. The Yale nine was somewhat crippled in the loss of a catcher. Errors gave Princeton a run, Yale batted weakly and Princeton fielded finely. The result was a defeat by 3 runs to o.

In the game with Amherst a change battery was put in, and after two innings the score stood Amherst 3, Yale o. At this point Avery came in to pitch, with such effect that no Amherst man reached first base, and of twenty- one outs, fourteen men were struck out. The final score stood Yale 5, Amherst 3.

The Yale nine, although somewhat crippled by the loss of the second baseman, and the lame shoulder of the pitcher, Avery, won a victory over Harvard by 9 to 4. In the second game Avery was unable to play, despite which Yale made 11 runs to Harvard's 4. Great praise was due to Mr. Avery, who had pitched for three years and captained in '75, for his individual work, and organ- izing ability, by which he broke the chain of Harvard's eight victories and defeated her in four games.

1876

Twenty one games were played during the spring. The first game against Princeton was remarkable for the changes of fortune during its progress. At the seventh inning the score stood Yale 5, Princeton o. During the eighth the score was five runs all, and then Yale seven to five. In the ninth Princeton made four runs so that Yale began her ninth inning with 9 to 7 against her. The first striker went out on an easy grounder. The next six strikers, however, made base hits, the final score being 12 to 9 in favor of Yale.

BASE BALL. 9I

The thirteenth Yale-Harvard game was played in Cam- bridge, and was lost by a few costly errors and weak batting. The score 4 to 3 indicates the closeness of the game. The impartial applause bestowed by the audience was much appreciated by the Yale nine.

The second game with Princeton was a walkover, 13 to 3.

The second game of the series with Harvard was played in New Haven, and was won by Yale, 7 to 6. Carter's pitching for Yale was very puzzling, eleven men being struck out.

The deciding game was played in Hartford, the day after the boat-race. In the third inning Harvard secured three runs which gave her a winning lead. Yale scored only in the seventh inning. The final score was Harvard 5, Yale I. The pitching for both nines was very effective.

1877

The nine played 23 games during the spring. In the series of games with Amherst Yale won two out of three, the scores being 9 to 4, 4 to 5 and 24 to 8. In the series with Princeton Yale won two straight games by 6 to 4 and 8 to o. Princeton this year gave up rowing and devoted herself to foot ball and base ball.

The first game with Harvard was remarkable in that the Harvard nine went to the bat only twenty-seven times, each player going out in the regular order of strik- ing. Not a single base hit was made off Carter, while seven were made off Ernst. Harvard was outfielded and outbatted. The final score was Yale 5, Harvard o. Struck out, Yale i, Harvard i ; strikes called, Yale 19, Harvard 16; struck at and missed, Yale 9, Harvard/; Bases called on Carter 21, on Ernst 14.

The first game with Trinity proved more interesting than was expected, the score being the same as in the game with Harvard. Only one base hit was made off Carter. The second game with Trinity was a walkover of 17 to I.

92 BASE BALL.

The second game played on poor grounds at Cam- bridge (Jarvis Field was undergoing repairs), was an easy victory for Harvard by lo to i. The Yale nine were outplayed and* thoroughly demoralized.

The deciding game with Harvard was played in Hart- ford. It was close and exciting, the score being at the beginning of the eighth inning 3 to 2 in favor of Harvard. In this inning, however, Harvard confirmed her lead by making two more runs, leaving the final score 5 to 2. The playing of both nines was good. Harvard was fortunate in bunching hits. In the fall two practice games were played with Hartford and Waterbury ama- teurs.

1878

The spring season was opened by the defeat of Trinity 6 to o, in a game in which Yale made no base hits. Yale won the series against Princeton, losing the first game 4 to 5 and winning the other two 10 to 2 and 10 to 3. In the first game the Yale fielding was wretched as the record of 24 errors against 8 will show. It is only fair to state that of these 24, 10 were charged to Carter, and were due to the great strictness of the umpire in calling balls. The series with Harvard this year was one of five games, instead of as formerly three. The first game, played at Hamilton Park, was won by Yale 4 to 3. The Yale nine were far from confident of victory, owing to the poor batting they had been doing, but were deter- mined to do their best. The two nines were quite even, at any rate much more so than five weeks later when Harvard was superior in every point of comparison.

The second game with Trinity resulted disastrously for her in the score of 25 to o.

The second game of the Harvard series was won by Yale II to 5, and was the first base ball game ever won by Yale on Harvard grounds. The game, as the Harvard Crimson said, was won by superior batting. The game against Amherst, won by 10 to o, was played without an

BASE BALL. 93

error by the Yale nine, and only one Amherst man reached first base. The defeat of Harvard on her own grounds caused such over-confidence that Yale lost three straight games to Harvard, played fn New Haven (3 to 11), in Boston (2 to 9), and in Hartford (3 to 16). As the " Yale Book " says, *' It is a notable fact that College nines do best when least is expected of them. It is confi- dence unfortified by hard work and careful training that most surely issues in defeat."

1879

The first College game of the year was an easy victory over Princeton. Warned by the experience of '78, the Yale News besought the nine not to indulge in over-confi- dence or laxity of training, even though Harvard had just been badly defeated by Brown.

In the first game with Harvard, Yale won easily by 11 to 5, which was largely due to the fact that Harvard was without her famous pitcher, Ernst. In the second game, played in Cambridge, Harvard turned the tables with the assistance of Ernst, by a score of 2 to o.

In her games with Amherst, Brown, and Princeton, Yale lost but one game, to Brown by a score of 2 to 3.

The third Harvard game, played in New Haven, Yale won, and the fourth, played in Cambridge, Harvard won. The deciding game, played in Providence, resulted in a victory for Harvard, by a score of 9 to 4.

1880

The first meeting of Harvard and Yale in this year resulted in the most crushing defeat to Harvard, that she had ever suffered at the hands of a Yale nine. The score was 21 to 4 runs, and Yale made 21 base hits with a total of 33. Harvard's battery was particularly poor. The second Harvard game, at Cambridge, Yale won by 2 to i.

94 BASE BALL.

The third game played in New Haven, was very close and exciting, with abundant good plays on both sides. Harvard won by bunching her hits and bringing in three earned runs. The final score stood Harvard 3, Yale i. The deciding game of the series was played in Cambridge and was a Yale victory by 3 runs to o.

The Intercollegiate Baseball Association was formed in December, 1879, with Yale, Harvard, Princeton, Amherst, Dartmouth, and Brown, as members. Yale withdrew however, because the Association voted not to allow the playing of college men who had played on professional nines. Series of games were arranged with Harvard, Princeton, and Amherst, in which games Yale won seven and lost one. Thus Yale virtually won the championship, although Princeton stood first in the Association.

In her games with professionals, Yale was singularly successful, winning 11 out of 13 games.

1881

With Princeton a close second to Yale in '80, the open- ing game with Princeton, was looked upon as being one that would in great measure determine the winner of the pennant for '81. Yale won by 6 to 5, the closeness of the score being partly due to a costly Yale error. Lamb's pitching for the first half of the game was good, and Watson's catching was fine, but his throwing was poor. In the game against Harvard, played in Cambridge, Yale was without the services of her pitcher. Lamb, and was defeated 9 to 19. The defeat of Yale by Dartmouth was unexpected, but was done by Dartmouth's good play and heavy batting. In the previous year Dartmouth had had a very strong team as was shown by her two victories over Harvard in that year. The second game with Har- vard, Yale won 8 to 5, but afterward lost a game to Princeton.

Yale won the championship of the Association by winning seven games out of ten played.

BASE BALL. 95

1882

In this season Yale lost one game each to Harvard, Princeton, and Brown. She however by winning 8 out of 1 1 games won the championship, with Princeton second.

The first game played in New Haven, Harvard won by 10 to 7, Yale retaliating in a closely fought game played in Cambridge. In the series with Princeton, Yale lost the second game but won the other two.

1883

The first College game of the season, with Amherst, was unexpectedly close, the score being 3 to i in favor of Yale. In the game with Harvard, Yale made three runs in the first inning, which being the only runs made by either side, won the game. The second game played in Cambridge Yale won 5 to i. The first game wuth Princeton resulted in a victory for Yale by a score of 5 to 4. By the victory over Amherst on June 13th, the championship was won for Yale by a record of seven straight victories. One game remained to be played after the championship was decided. This was against Princeton, and largely owing to the loss of Jones, the Yale pitcher, the game was lost by a score of 3 to 2. It was a close contest throughout, as is attested by the fact of its being a ten-inning game. On June 26, an exhibition game with Harvard was played which resulted in a Yale victory i to o. Thus for the fourth year in succession the supremacy in base ball rested with Yale.

1884

Yale suffered her first defeat from Harvard in New Haven. At the second half of the ninth inning the score stood Yale 7, Harvard 4, and the crowd began to move away, thinking the game decided. By some heavy bunched hits, however, Harvard brought in four runs and won the game. Yale defeated Princeton, Dartmouth,

96 BASE BALL.

Brown and Amherst in succession, but was again defeated by Harvard by 4 to i7 runs. The Yale nine were com- pletely outbatted and outplayed. Harvard made 18 base hits with a total of 26, while Yale made 9 with a total of 14. Yale's hits were scattered and ineffective while Har- vard made nine earned runs.

In an exhibition game played in New Haven Yale defeated Harvard 6 to 2, which encouraged Yale to hope for success in the deciding game. In the Association games Yale and Harvard were now tied for first place, Yale having lost two games to Harvard and Harvard having lost a game each to Amherst and Brown. The deciding game was played in Brooklyn, and, largely through the effective pitching of Odell, was won by Yale 4 to 2. Thus for five successive years Yale was champion in base ball. In the general averages (batting and fielding averages combined) Amherst stood first this year with .567, Yale second with .563, and Harvard third with .559.

1885

Harvard won the championship in base ball this year for the first time, by the remarkable record never before made, of winning all the Intercollegiate Championship games. Yale was clearly outplayed by her both at the bat and in the field, suffering two disastrous defeats with scores of 4 to 12, and 2 to 16.

Princeton's defeat of Yale at Princeton by 11 to 5, tied Yale and Princeton for second place, both having lost 3 games out of ten.

The Yale nine contained many individual players of merit but lacked team play, and had no reliable pitcher. The Harvard nine was strong in every particular and was particularly well handled by Captain Winslow.

1886

Fifteen College games were played by Yale in this year, of which Yale lost two championship games, one to

BASE BALL. 97

Amherst and one to Harvard, and three exhibition games one to Columbia and two to Harvard.

The first defeat was from the Columbia nine, who by bunching their hits won by a score of 3 to i. The Columbia nine had a singularly brilliant season defeat- ing Harvard (by 5 too), as well as Yale, and losing but one game, to the University of Pennsylvania. It was said that no undergraduate of Columbia was on the nine, it being composed almost entirely of Law School men, among them two graduates of Princeton, one of Yale, etc. Yale made 9 base hits to Columbia's 3, and but one error to Columbia's three, despite which Columbia's telling hits won the game. The defeat of Yale by Am- herst, which was the only championship game won by the latter during the season, was due to Yale's over-con- fidence and poor play.

The first championship game with Harvard occurred in New Haven, June 19th, and was won by Yale, 6 to 5, It was probably the most exciting contest played for many years, the score alternating in favor now of one, now of the other, in a most trying manner. The next game, at Cambridge, was won by Harvard with com- parative ease, 5 to i. The deciding game was played at Hartford, Saturday, July 3d, the day after Yale's victory over Harvard on the Thames. The day was a terribly hot one. Yale led off at the bat with a base hit on the first ball, and from the start played with great determi- nation.

About the third inning the victorious Yale crew arrived on the field, having come up from New London, and from that time on, the Harvard nine was completely demoral- ized. This victory of 7 to i, brought Yale the champion- ship, which was doubly welcome after Yale's wretched performances in 1885.

1887

Two new men and one of the '86 substitutes, with six old men formed the Yale nine of '87. By the withdrawal

7

98 BASE BALL.

of Yale, Harvard and Princeton from the Intercollegiate Association, a new base ball association called the College League was formed. These three Colleges voted to admit Columbia, influenced by her fine record of the pre- vious year. After a few games, in which she was very badly worsted, and owing to difficulties in the way of hurt players and lack of support, Columbia withdrew from the League. The arrangement of games was that each College should play the other four games, two each to be on the home grounds. The League season was opened by the defeat of Princeton on her own grounds 2 to i. The first game with Harvard played in New Haven was a crushing defeat for her, the score being 14 to 2. Up to the sixth inning the game was quite close the score being 4 to 2 in favor of Yale. In the eighth inning the Yale nine bunched their hits in a terrific manner, making eight hits with a total of twelve, and allowing every man to make the round of the bases. Harvard made but four base hits during the game, to Yale's 18 with a total of 23.

After such a victory ^over Harvard the fact of their turning the tables upon Yale in the next game, showed pluck as well as skill. The game was close, 7 to 5, but costly errors and scattered hits lost Yale the game. The game that decided the championship — for Yale won all her games with Princeton — was played in Cambridge and won by Yale 5 to 4. Thus, out of eight years of the existence of an Intercollegiate Association, Yale has been champion for seven years (including 1880, in which year Yale defeated Harvard, Princeton and Amherst, but was not in the Association), and Harvard has been once champion, in 1885. In games Yale and Harvard have each won 29 from the other, while Yale has won 30 from Princeton, to her 10 from Yale.

Out of 162 college games played by Yale, she has won 117 and lost 45. To other colleges than Harvard and Princeton, Yale has lost but six games, two to Amherst, two to Brown, one to Columbia, and one to Dartmouth. Including games with professionals, as well as college teams, Yale has made 537 more runs than her opponentsc

BASE BALL.

99

YALE UNIVERSITY BASE BALL GAMES.

* Exhibition Games.

1865

Date. Opponents. Place. Score. Sept. 30, Wesleyan, New Haven, 39-13

1867 Oct. 19, Columbia, New Haven, 46-12

1868 June 25, Princeton, New Haven, 30-23 July 25, Harvard, Worcester, 17-25

1869

June 28, Williams, New Haven, 26- 8 July 5, Harvard, Brooklyn, 24-41

1870

July 4, Harvard, New Haven, 22-24 July 6, Princeton, New Haven, 12-49

1871 July 5, Harvard, New Haven, 19-22

June June

1872 I, Harvard, New Haven, 13-32 17-19

8, Harvard, Boston,

1873

May 10, Princeton,

May 21, Princeton,

May 24, Harvard,

May 31, Harvard,

Oct. 15, Princeton,

Princeton, 9- 2 New Haven, 9-10 New Haven, 15-16 Cambridge, 5-29 Princeton, 4-18

1874 June 29, Princeton, Hartford, July 7, Princeton, New York, July 14, Harvard, Saratoga, July 15, Harvard, Saratoga,

16- I

II- 3 4- o

7- 4

1875 Date. Opponents. Place. Score. May 26, Princeton, Princeton, 14- 4 May 29, Princeton, New Haven, o- 3 June 25, Amherst, Amherst, 5- 3 June 26, Harvard, Boston, 9- 4 June 28, Harvard, New Haven, 11- 4 Princeton, (Forfeited.) 9- o

1876

May 17, Trinity, New Haven, 9- 4

May 20, Princeton, Princeton, 12- 9

May 27, Brown, Providence, 13- 5

June 3, Harvard, Cambridge, 3- 4

June 6, Princeton, New Haven, 13- 3

June 26, Harvard, New Haven, 7- 6

July I, Harvard, Hartford, i- 5

May May May June June June June June June June

1877

19, Amherst, Amherst, 23, Princeton, Princeton, 26, Harvard, New Haven,

2, Trinity, 9, Princeton, 15, Amherst, 22, Harvard, 25, Trinity, 27, Amherst, 30, Harvard,

Hartford, New Haven, New Haven, Cambridge, New Haven, Hartford, Hartford,

9- 4

6-4 5- o 5- o 8- o 4- 5

I-IO

17- I

24- 8

2- 5

1878

April 17, April 27, May 15, May May May June June

Trinity,

Wesleyan,

Princeton,

Harvard,

Trinity,

Harvard,

Amherst.

Hartford, 6- i

New Haven, 10- i Princeton, 4- New Haven, 4- New Haven, 25- Cambridge, 11- New Haven, 10-

Princeton, New Haven, 10-

100

BASE BALL.

Date. Opponents. Place. Score. June 21, Princeton, New York, lo- 3 June 24, Harvard, New Haven, 3-1 1 June 26, Harvard, Cambridge, 2- 9 June 29, Harvard, Hartford, 3-16

1879 May 3, Princeton, Princeton, 13- 8 May 10, Harvard, New Haven, 11- 5 May 17, Harvard, Cambridge, o- 2 May 24, Amherst, Amherst, 15- i May 30, Brown, New Haven, 2- o May 31,. Princeton, New Haven, 3- o June 9, Brown, Providence, 2- 3 June 21, Amherst, New Haven, 10- 4 June 23, Harvard, New Haven, 9- 5 June 25, Harvard, Cambridge, 3- 7

Brown, (Forfeited.) 9- o

June 28, Harvard, Providence, 4- 9

1880

12, Princeton, (Forfeited.) 9- o 15, Harvard, New Haven, 21- 4 Amherst, 8- o

Cambridge, 2- i New Haven, 14- 3 New Haven, 8- i New Haven, i- 3 Cambridge, 3- o

May May

May 22, Amherst, May 29, Harvard, June 5, Amherst, June 9, Princeton June '28, Harvard, June 30, Harvard,

1881

May May May May May May June June June June

Princeton,

Harvard,

Dartmouth

Brown,

Harvard,

Brown,

Princeton,

Dartmouth

Amherst,

Amherst,

New Haven, Cambridge, ,Springfield, New Haven, New Haven, New Haven, Princeton, ,New Haven, New Haven, New Haven,

6- 5 9-14 3-6 [9-

May 10, Brown, May 23, Brown, May 24, Amherst,

New Haven, 4- 2 Providence, 8- 9 New Haven, 13- i

Date. May 27 May June June *Jun June 22, June 24, June 27, June 28,

May 5, May 12, May 19, May 26, May 30, June 2, June 13, *Jun. 20, June 23, *Jun. 26, *July 3, *July 4,

Opponents.

Harvard,

Princeton,

Dartmouth,

Dartmouth,

Rutgers,

Harvard,

Princeton,

Princeton,

Amherst,

Place. New Haven, New York, New Haven, New York, New Haven, Cambridge, New York, New York, New Haven,

1883

Amherst, Harvard, Brown, Harvard,

New Haven, New Haven, Providence, Cambridge,

Princeton, New York,

Brown,

Amherst,

Harvard,

Princeton,

Harvard,

Harvard,

Harvard.

New Haven, Amherst, Cambridge, New York, New Haven, New York, Philadelphia,23- 9

Score. 7-10

15- 8 5- 4 8-3

12- 2

5- 4

7- 8

9- 5

21- 8

3- I

3- o 6-4 5- I 5- 4 8- o

4- 2 4- I 2- 3

1- o

2- I

1884

May 3, Brown, Providence, 8- 3 *May lo, Harvard, Cambridge, 8- i May 14, Dartmouth,New Haven, 6- 2 May 17, Harvard, New Haven, 7- 8 May 24, Amherst, Amherst, 17-4 May 30, Princeton, New York, 16- 3 June 2, Dartmouth, New Haven, 12-11 June 5, Amherst, New Haven, 4- 3 June 17, Brown, New Haven, 9- 6 June ig, Princeton, New York, 9- o June 21, Harvard, Cambridge, 4-17 *Jun. 24, Harvard, New Haven, 6-2 June 27, Harvard, Brooklyn, 4- 2

1885

May 9, Princeton, New Haven, 5- 3 May 13, Brown, New Haven, 11- 9 May 16, Harvard, New Haven, 4-12 *May 20, Trinity, New Haven, 20- 7 May 22, Dartmouth, New Haven, 15- 6

BASE BALL.

lOI

Date. May 27, *May 30, June 3, June 6, June 10, June 13, June 20, *Jun. 23,

Opponents.

Amherst,

Williams,

Brown,

Princeton,

Dartmouth

Amherst,

Harvard,

Princeton,

Place. Score. Amherst, 10- 9 New Haven, 13- 4

8- 4 5-1 1 5- 3

Providence, Princeton, New Haven New Haven, 14- 2 Cambridge, 2-16 New Haven, 13-15

1886

*Apr.

*May

May

*May

May

*May

*May

June

June

June

27, U. of Penn.

1, Williams, 12, Brown, 19, Columbia, 22, Amherst, 29, Harvard, 31, Williams,

2, Princeton, 5, Princeton, 9, Amherst,

Philadelphia, 13- 3 Williamst'n, ii- 3 New Haven, 6- i New Haven, i- 3 Amherst, 4- 5

Cambridge, 2-14 New Haven, 10- 3 Princeton, 9- 8 New Haven, 12- 2 New Haven, 9- 5

Date. Opponents. Place. Score.

June 12, Brown, Providence, 7- o

June 19, Harvard, New Haven, 6- 5

June 26, Harvard, Cambridge, i- 5

*Jun. 29, Harvard, New Haven, 9-10

July 3, Harvard, Hartford, 7- i

April 30, *May 10, May 14, *May 17, *May 21, June 4, June 8, June II, *Jun. 17, June 18, June 25, June 28,

1887

Princeton, Princeton, 2- i Trinity, New Haven, 9- i Harvard, New Haven, 14- 2 Cornell, New Haven, 9- i Columbia, Staten Isl'd, 20- i Princeton, New Haven, 15- o Harvard, Cambridge, 5- 7 Princeton, Princeton, 9- 3 Princeton, New Haven, 9-- 6 Princeton, New Haven, 10- 4 Harvard, Cambridge, 5- 4 Harvard, New Haven, 6- 3

SUMMARY.

Out of 162 college games played, Yale has won 117 and lost 45. Yale has won 29 games from Harvard and lost 29 games to her ; won 30 games from Princeton and lost 10 games to her. To other colleges, Yale has lost six games : 2 to Amherst, 2 to Brown, i to Columbia, and i to Dartmouth. The total number of runs made by Yale and her opponents, including games with professionals, is as follows : Yale, 3,808 ; Opponents, 3,271.

	BEST	FIELDING RECORDS, 1879 TO	1888.
Catcher,		Hunt,	Amherst,		.989
Pitcher,		Nettleton,	Dartmouth,		.981
1st Base,		Childs,	Yale,		1. 000
2d Base,		Harris,	Princeton,		.966
3d Base,		Beaman,	Harvard,		.944
Short Stop,		Noyes,	Yale,		.917
Left Fielder,		Foster,	Harvard,		1.000
Center Fielder,		j Wadleigh, ) \ Reynolds, )	Princeton,		I.OOO
Right Fielder,"		Kellogg,	Yale,		I.OOO
	BEST BATTING	RECORDS.
Highest single	average	Nichols,	Harvard,	.500
Highest total average,	Nichols	Harvard,	.905

102

BASE BALL.

INTERCOLLEGIATE BASE BALL ASSOCIATION, 1880-1888.

Year.	Contestants.	Winner.	No. of Games Won.	Second.
1880	Harvard, Brown, Princeton, Dartmouth, Amherst, [Yale.]	[Yale.]	7 out of 8.	Princeton.
1881	Yale, Amherst, Harvard, Brown, Princeton, Dartmouth.	Yale.	7 out of 10.	Harvard, Princeton.
1882	Yale, Amherst, Harvard, Brown, Princeton, Dartmouth.	Yale.	8 out of 11.	Princeton.
1883	Yale, Amherst, Harvard, Brown. Princeton,	Yale.	7 out of 8.	Princeton.
1884	Yale, Amherst, Harvard, Brown, Princeton, Dartmouth.	Yale.	9 out of II.	Harvard.
1885	Yale, Amherst, Harvard, Brown, Princeton, Dartmouth.	Harvard.	10 out of 10.	Yale, Princeton.
1886	Yale, Amherst, Harvard, Brown. Princeton,	Yale.	7 out of 9.	Harvard.
1887	Yale, Harvard, Princeton.	Yale.	7 out of 8.	Harvard.

Summary. — Championship won by Yale, 7 years ; Harvard, i year. Sec- ond place won by Princeton, 5 years ; Harvard, 4 years ; Yale, i year.

BASE BALL.

103

YALE-HARVARD FRESHMAN SERIES, 1 866-1 888.

Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale, Yale,

69, vs. 6g, vs.

70, vs.

71, vs.

72, vs.

73, vs.

74, vs.

75, vs.

76, vs.

77, vs. 77, vs.

77, vs.

78, vs. 78, vs.

78, vs.

79, vs. 79, vs.

79, vs.

80, vs.

80, vs.

81, vs.

81, vs.

82, vs.

82, vs.

83, vs.

83, vs.

84, vs.

84, vs.

85, vs.

85, vs.

86, vs. 86, vs.

86, vs.

87, vs.

87, vs.

88, vs.

88, vs.

89, vs.

89, vs.

90, vs. 90, vs.

Harvard,	'69,
Harvard,	'69.
Harvard,	'70,
Harvard,	'71.
Harvard,	'72,
Harvard,	'73,
Harvard,	'74,
Harvard,	'75,
Harvard,	'76,
Harvard,	'77,
Harvard,	'77,
Harvard,	'77,
Harvard,	'78,
Harvard,	'78,
Harvard,	'78,
Harvard,	'79,
Harvard,	'79,
Harvard,	'79,
Harvard,	'80,
Harvard,	'80,
Harvard,	'81,
Harvard,	'81,
Harvard,	'82,
Harvard,	'82,
Harvard,	'83,
Harvard,	'83,
Harvard,	'84,
Harvard,	'84,
Harvard,	'85,
Harvard,	'85,
Harvard,	'86,
Harvard,	'86,
Harvard,	'86,
Harvard,	'87,
Harvard,	'87,
Harvard,	'88,
Harvard,	'88,
Harvard,	'89,
Harvard,	'89.
Harvard,	'90,
Harvard,	'90,

Worcester, July 26, 1866, 36-33

Worcester, July 18, 1867, 23-22

Worcester, July 18, 1867, 38-18

Worcester, July 23, 1868, 19-39

Providence, July 6, 1869, 28-19

Springfield, June 25, 1870, 21-18

New Haven, June 26, 1871, 15-10

New Haven, June 25, 1872, 8- i

New Haven, May 31, 1873, 4-25

Boston, June 22, 1874, 4-10

Boston, June 23, 1874, 28-14

Boston, June 24, 1874, 7-16

Cambridge, June 5, 1875, 3- 6

New Haven, June 17, 1875, 18- 8

Springfield, June 25, 1875, 17- 4

New Haven, May 3, 1876, 14-13

Cambridge, June 17, 1876, 9-14

Hartford, June 24, 1876, 12-20

Cambridge, May 12, 1877, 7- 8

New Haven, June 2, 1877, 15- i

New Haven, May 11, 1878, 8- i

Cambridge, June i, 1878, 4-1 1

New Haven, April 26, 1879, 19-11

Cambridge, May 31, 1879, 6- 5

New Haven, May 22, 1880, i- o

Cambridge, June 5, 1880, 5- 5

New Haven, May 21, 1881, 15- 2

Cambridge, June 4, 1881, 21- 2

New Haven, May 10, 1882, 5- 4

Cambridge, June 10, 1882, 7- 6

New Haven, May 19, 1883, 8- i

Cambridge, June 9, 1883, 9-16

Springfield, June 23, 1883, 6- 4

New Haven, May 31, 1884, 17- 8

Cambridge, June 7, 1884, i- 5

Cambridge, May 16, 1885, ii-ii

New Haven, May 23, 1885, 14- 4

Cambridge, May 19, 1886, 4-1 1

New Haven, June 12, 1886, 7- 8

Cambridge, May 18, 1887, 19- 7

New Haven, June 8, 1887, 10- 2

Summary. — Yale Freshmen, 26 games ; Harvard Freshmen, 13. games, 2.

Tie

I04 BASE BALL.

YALE UNIVERSITY BASE BALL MEN.

1865

H. W. Reeve ; f J. Coffin, '68 ; C. A. Edwards, '66 ; Jewell ; J. U. Taintor, '66 ; E. Coffin, '66 ; L. E. Condict, '69 ; C. F. Brown, '66 ; A. H. Terry, '65.

1866 /

C. F. Brown, '66 ; G. P. Sheldon, '67 ; J. U. Taintor, '66 ; T. S. Van Volk- enburgh, '66 ; C. A. Edwards, '66 ; J. L. Varick, '68 ; f J. Coffin, '68 ; L. E. Condict, '69 ; H. W. Reeve.

1867

tJ. Coffin, '68 ; J. G. K. McClure, '70 ; L. E. Condict, '69; J. W. Shattuck, *70 ; T. Hooker, '69 ; B. A. Fowler, '68 ; E. G. Selden, '70 ; E. A. Lewis, '70 ; T. McClintock, '70.

1868

T. McClintock, '70 ; E. A. Lewis, '70 ; L. E. Condict, '69 ; H. A. Cleve- land, '70 ; fT. Hooker, '69 ; S. S. McCutchen, '70 ; W. Buck, '70 ; C. Dem- ing, '72 ; E. G. Selden, '70.

1869

T. McClintock, '70; C. Deming, '72 ; T. Hooker, '69; fS. S. McCutchen, *70 ; C. French, '72 ; L. E. Condict, '69 ; G. Richards, '72 ; W. B. Wheeler, '72 ; E. A. Lewis, '70.

1870

W. Buck, '70 ; W. B. Wheeler, '72 ; G. Richards, '72 ; G. F. Bentley, '73 ; H. S. Payson, '72 ; f S. S. McCutchen, '70 ; C, O. Day, '72 ; C. H. Thomas, '73 ; C. Deming, '72.

1871

A. B. Nevin, '74 ; G. Richards, '72 ; f C. Deming, '72 ; H. C. Deming, '72 ; P. Barnes, '74 ; C. Maxwell, '75 ; C. O. Day, '72 ; G. F. Bentley, '73 ; W. B. Wheeler, '72.

1872

H. C. Deming, '72 ; P. Barnes, '74 ; G. Richards, '72 ; f C. Deming, '72 ; C. Maxwell, '74 ; G. F. Bentley, '73 ; A. B. Nevin, '74 ; C. O. Day, '72 ; F. W. Foster, '74.

f Indicates Captain.

BASE BALL. 10$

1873 C. Maxwell, '74 ; C. H. Avery, '75 ; G. F. Bentley, '73 ; J. L. Scudder, '74 ; S. J. Elder, '73 ; fA. B. Nevin, '74 ; F. H. Wright, '73 ; F. W. Foster, '74 ; W. H. Hotchkiss, '75.

1874

W. H. Hotchkiss, '75 ; A. B. Nevin, '74 ; G. F. Bentley, '73 ; fC. H. Avery, '75 ; J. L. Scudder, '74; E. E. Osborn, '74 S.; C. Maxwell, '74; E. C. Smith, '75 ; F. W. Foster, '74.

1875

W. H. Hotchkiss, '75 : Morgan, '78 ; Knight ; fC. H. Avery, '75 ; C. Maxwell, '75 ; W. 1. Bigelow, '77 ; D. A. Jones, '75 ; E. C. Smith, '75 ; F. W. Wheaton,'77.

1876

Morgan, '78 ; fW. L Bigelow, '77 ; F. W. Wheaton, '77 ; C. M. Dawes, '76 ; C. F. Carter, '78 ; L. A. Piatt, '77 ; W. V. Downer, '78 ; Williams, '77 ; L. W. Maxson, '76.

1877

F. W. Wheaton, '77 ; Morgan, '78 ; fW. L Bigelow, '77 ; G. H. Clark, '80 ; Williams, '77 ; E. W. Smith, '78 ; W. V. Downer, '78 ; C. F. Carter, '78 ; O. W. Brown, '78.

1878

W. F. Hutchison, '80 ; W. Parker, '80 ; E. W. Smith, '78 ; A. L. Ripley, '78 ; fW. V. Downer, '78 ; H. T. Walden, '81 ; F. W. Brown, '78 S.; C. F. Carter, '78 ; G. H. Clark, '80.

1879

fW. F. Hutchison, '80 ; W. Parker, '80 ; B. B. Lamb, '81 ; H. T. Walden, '81 ; S. C. Hopkins, '82 ; W. C. Camp, '80 ; G. H. Clark, '80; R. W. Watson, '81 S.; A. L. Ripley, P. G.

1880

W. Parker, '80; fB. B. Lamb, '81 ; G. H. Clark, '80; W. F. Hutchison, '80 ; W. C. Camp, '80 ; H. T. Walden, '81 ; S. C. Hopkins, '82 ; R. W. Wat- son, '81 S.; W. L Badger, '82.

1881

fH. T. Walden, '8t ; H. B. Piatt, '82 ; B. B. Lamb, '81 ; W. F. Hutchison P. G.; W. C. Camp, M. S.; S. C. Hopkins, '82 ; R. W. Watson, '81 S.; H. Ives, '81 ; W. I. Badger, '82.

I06 BASE BALL.

A. Hubbard, '83 S.; W. C. Camp, M. S.; H. B. Piatt, '82 ; S. C. Hopkins, '82 ; fW. L Badger, '82 ; A. E. Smith, '83 ; D. A. Jones, '83 ; H. C. Hopkins, '84 ; D. H. Wilcox, Jr., '84.

1883

fA. Hubbard, '83 S.; C. M. Griggs, '83 ; H. C. Hopkins, '84 ; S. B. Childs, '83 ; D. A. Jones, '84 ; W. Terry, '85 ; J. L Souther, '84 ; O. McKee, '84 ; D. A. Carpenter, L. S.

1884

fH. C. Hopkins, '84 ; W. Terry, '85 ; J. L Souther, '84 ; O. McKee, '84 ; W. S. Brigham, '86 ; J. C. Oliver, '85 ; S. A. Booth, '84 ; P. B. Stewart, '86 ; S. K. Bremner, '86.

1885

S. K. Bremner, '86 ; fW. Terry, '85 ; F. A. Marsh, '86 S.; A. A. Stagg, '88 ! W. B. Sheppard, '87 ; J. A. Merrill, '85 ; P. B. Stewart, '86 ; W. B. Hickox, '86 S.; P. G. Willett, '88.

1886

J. C. Dann, '88 S.; A. A. Stagg, '88 ; J. F. Cross, T. S.; F. A. Marsh, '86 8.; f P. B. Stewart, '86 ; S. K. Bremner, '86 ; W. S. Brigham, '87 ; W. B. Shep- pard, '87 ; H. F. Noyes, '89.

1887

f J. C. Dann, '88 S.; A. A. Stagg, '88 ; A. K. Spencer, '89 S.; C. B. McConkey, '88 ; P. B. Stewart, P. G.; H. F. Noyes, '89 ; W. S. Brigham, '87 ; J. F. Hunt, L. S.; F. S. Kellogg, '87 S.

Summary. — In base ball, 96 men have filled 207 places. Of these, 4 played 5 years ; 8 played 4 years ; 25 played 3 years ; 21 played 2 years, and 38 played i year. The men who played 5 years were Condict, '69 ; C. Deming, '72 ; Bentley, '73 ; Maxwell, '75. The men who played four years were Richards, '72 ; Nevin, '74 ; Clark, '80 ; Hutchison, '80 ; Camp, '80 ; Walden, '81 ; Hopkins, '82 ; Stewart, '86.

Track Athletics — 1872-1888.

1872

The first field games of the '* Yale Athletic Association '* were held at Hamilton Park, New Haven, on Saturday, May 4th, 1872. The Athletic Association was under the control of the boating and ball clubs, and its first effort was pronounced a decided success. The contests included, besides the usual runs and jumps, a three-legged race, standing broad and high jumps, a four-hundred yards* walk, and a consolation race.

1874

Despite the success of this first attempt, the second field meeting was not held until October 31, 1874, al- though Yale sent two representatives to the intercollegi- ate contests held at Saratoga, July 20th, in connection with the annual regatta of American colleges. Yale's two representatives, A. B. Nevins, who was entered for the loo-yards dash, and C. Maxwell, who was entered for the i20-yards hurdle race, won their events. It is rather a reflection upon Mr. Nevins' competitors that, at the start, he slipped and fell ; still he is described as running ** in the most elegant style." His reported time of 10^ seconds appears rather doubtful, too, in view of the delay such an accident would cause him. Maxwell's time in the hurdle was 20^ seconds. Among the other winners were E. Copeland, of Cornell, who won. the mile run in 4.58^ seconds ; Downes, of Wesleyan, who won the three- mile run, and Eustis, of Wesleyan, who won the seven- mile walk.

I08 TRACK ATHLETICS.

1875

The third meeting of the Yale Athletic Association met. May 19th, and was of more than ordinary interest since upon the winners devolved the duty of representing Yale at the intercollegiate athletic contests to be held in Sara- toga on the day following the regatta. One excellent stipulation made was that, unless the events were up to a certain standard, no prize should be awarded.

The Yale representatives to the intercollegiate were Messrs. Trumbull and Maxwell. Both were in poor con- dition, Maxwell having been disabled in the Yale-Harvard ball game, and Trumbull having wrenched his hip in practice.

Trumbull won the half-mile and took second in the quarter-mile. Maxwell won the hurdle-race easily in 193^ seconds. The other winners were Taylor, of Harv- ard, in the seven and the thi'ee-mile walk ; Morell, of Amherst, in the three-mile run ; Eustis, of Wesleyan, in the graduates' seven-mile walk ; Potter, of Cornell, in the lOO-yards ; Culver, of Union, in the quarter-mile run; Barber, of Amherst, in the mile-run, and Piatt, of Wil- liams, in the mile walk; Yale, Harvard and Amherst won two first prizes each, and Williams, Cornell, and Union one first each.

Annual fall games were started at Yale this year, and were an unqualified success, the most interesting event being the running high jump of Gale, '78 S., who cleared five feet, three inches, which was pronounced "the finest amateur jumping ever done in America."

1876

The intercollegiate games were held for the third year at Saratoga immediately after the annual regatta. A challenge cup, valued at $500, now commonly known as the Mott Haven Cup, was presented to the intercollegi- ate association to be awarded every year to the college winning most first prizes at the annual meeting. In case

TRACK ATHLETICS. IO9

of a tie in the number of first prizes the number of second prizes was to decide the holder of the cup. In this year it was won by Princeton, who took four first prizes ; in the half-mile run, putting the shot, three-mile walk, and base ball throw. The two latter were won by T. A. Noble and J. M. Mann (with a throw of 368 feet, 6 inches) respectively, the names of the other winners being in the table of statistics. Williams and Dartmouth each won two first prizes and Yale, Columbia, Univ. of Penn., and C. C. N. Y., secured one each.

The chief feature of the meeting was the hurdling of Wakeman, of Yale, who made the fastest amateur time in America, iS}^ seconds. It is a curious commentary on the taste of the times, that the hurdle and loo-yards races were regarded as tame, while a three or seven-mile walk was considered most interesting and exciting.

From 'y6 to '79 inclusive the track athletes at Yale were trained by W. C. and L. C. Dole.

1877

No spring games were held at Yale this year, and for three years Yale sent no representatives to the intercol- legiate meetings, entering the association again in 1880.

The intercollegiate games were held at Mott Haven for the first time this year, an experiment that proved very acceptable to college men. Columbia, Princeton and the University of Pennsylvania were most prom- inent for the number of their representatives, and were rewarded by a correspondingly large number of prizes. Three records were broken, in the 220-yards and 440- yards runs, and in the running broad jump, in which H. H. Lee, University of Pennsylvania, made the best jump ever yet made in America, 19 feet, 7 inches. The events not mentioned in the tables were a two-mile walk, won by Mr. Eldredge of Columbia, in 16 minutes, 24 seconds, and the graduates* loo-yards' and mile walk, won, respectively, by Messrs. Duffield, of Princeton, and Beach, of Princeton. The prizes awarded were gold and

no TRACK ATHLETICS.

silver medals for firsts and seconds. The Mott Haven Cup was won by Columbia with six first prizes.

1878

Columbia again won the cup this year, taking seven first prizes. Mott Haven having proved so satisfactory, was again chosen this year by the intercollegiate associa- tion. The most noteworthy event was the high jump- ing of J. P. Conover, Columbia, who cleared 5 feet, 6j^ inches, breaking the amateur record. Of the events not in the tables, Larkin, of Princeton, won the standing jumps, broad and high ; Eldredge, of Columbia, the two- mile walk; Duffield, of Princeton, the graduates' 100- yards, and Parmly, of Columbia, the graduates* one-mile walk.

1879

For the third year in succession Columbia secured the Mott Haven Cup, winning six first places. The meeting of this year was an unusually successful one, eight inter- collegiate records being broken, and three amateur Ameri- can. The best work was done by J. P. Conover, of Colum- bia, who jumped 5 feet, Sj^ inches, in the running high jump, and 20 feet in the broad jump ; and by F. Larkin, of Princeton, who threw the hammer 87 feet, i inch, and put the shot 33 feet, 8^ inches. Larkin also won the standing high and broad jumps, doing 4 feet, 6^ inches, and 10 feet, 3^ inches, respectively. The other events not in the tables were the two-mile walk won by R. H. Sayre, Columbia, and the graduates' loo-yards and one- mile walk, won by W. Waller, Columbia, and E. J. Mc- Elvaine of Princeton, respectively. The latter started alone in his race.

1880

For the first time Harvard won the cup this year. The best performances were in the mile run, pole vault, broad

TRACK ATHLETICS. Ill

jump and putting the shot, in which the intercollegiate records were broken.

The standing high and broad jumps were taken by W. Soren, of Harvard, the former being a very creditable performance of 4 feet, 11% inches. Eighteen colleges were represented in the games.

The mile run of T. Dewitt Cuyler, of Yale, who estab- lished the record of 4 minutes 37f seconds, only broken in 1887, was a noticeable feature of the games.

1881

Harvard won the cup again in this year. Mr. Evert J. Wendell, of Harvard, who had been running at the inter- collegiate meetings for the two years previous, cut down his records, making the 100 yards in loj^ seconds, and the 220 yards in the then record time of 23^ seconds. The standing high jump was won by W. Soren, of Harvard.

The Tug-of-war, introduced the year before but not actually contested, was won this year by Princeton. The time allowed for a pull was ten minutes, and the amount of rope pulled away from a losing team something aston- ishing according to our present ideas. For instance, Princeton pulled Columbia by 6 leet, 6 inches, and Penn- sylvania by 4 feet, 7 inches.

1882

In this year the games (after having been held at Mott Haven for five years) were held at the Manhattan Polo Grounds.

The best work this year was done by H. S. Brooks of Yale, who ran a loo-yards in 10^ and beat the intercol- legiate and amateur record in the 220 yards by running it in 225^ seconds. The records in hammer-throwing and the broad-jump were beaten. In the tug-of-war Harvard was pulled by the C. C. N. Y., while Columbia and Pennsylvania pulled a dead heat for ten minutes. In a second trial between these two Columbia won by 13 inches. Harvard won the cup with six firsts.

112 TRACK ATHLETICS.

1883

The greatest surprise of this year was the wonderful tug-of-war team turned out by Lafayette, which defeated Harvard by 3 feet, 4 inches. The high jump record was improved by Atkinson, of Harvard, to 5 feet, 9^^ inches, and the hammer record by Kip, of Harvard, to 88 feet, 11 inches. The quarter and half mile runs won by W. H. Goodwin of Harvard in the record time of 51-J^ sec. and 2 min., 2 sec, were excellent features of the games.

The average of performances this year was good. Harvard won the cup, taking seven firsts.

1884

The place of meeting was transferred this year from the Polo Grounds to the Manhattan Athletic Club grounds, which have been used ever since.

The famous 220 yards dash between Baker, of Harv- ard, and Brooks, of Yale, occurred this year. Brooks had been urged to break the 150 yards' record and made a tremendous effort up to that point, establishing a record of iS}i seconds and leading Baker there by 15^ feet. Baker won in 22f, however, breaking the record with Brooks a very close second. The intercollegiate records were broken, also, in the hurdle race, high jump and broad jump. Harvard won the cup with five firsts.

1885

In only two contests this year were intercollegiate rec- ords broken, the high jump and putting the shot. Baker, of Harvard, who made the amateur American record- of 22f in the 220 yards in 1884, won without being pushed in 23f . W. B. Page, University of Pennsylvania, won the high jump for the first time this year by clearing 5 feet, 11^ inches. The fact that he stands only 5 feet, 6^ inches, in his stockings, and jumps nine inches over his own height, makes him the most wonderful jumper the world has ever seen. His best jump, up to this time, was

TRACK ATHLETICS.

"3

6 feet, % inch, which fails of being marvelous only in view of the fact that, in the fall of 1887, he jumped 6 feet, 4 inches. Harvard won the cup with four firsts.

u

1886

The intercollegiate meeting of this year was an inter- esting one and remarkable for the large number of entries made. They numbered 236, and of nineteen colleges in the association, all but four were represented.

The 100 yards race was the first event and upon it de- pended whether the cup was to go to Harvard or Yale. In the final heat Rogers, of Harvard, and Sherrill, of Yale, ran what was practically a dead-heat. At first Sherrill 8

114 TRACK ATHLETICS.

was thought by all to be the winner, but the judges de- clared for Rogers, with Sherrill an exceedingly close sec- ond. By this decision Yale lost the cup, winning four first prizes to Harvard's five.

In the i20-yards hurdle Ludington, of Yale, broke his own intercollegiate record, doing the distance in 17 sec- onds. In the hammer-throwing Coxe, of Yale, broke the intercollegiate record by a throw of 95 feet, 11 inches. The high jump was won by Page, of Pennsyl- vania, who did 5 feet, 11^ inches, establishing an inter- collegiate record.

1887

The winning of the Cup by Yale this year was the re- sult of much hard and earnest work, and also of the carry- ing out of a principle in track athletics, long recognized at Harvard, that of forming a *' team " to compete, and not a number of individuals. The excellence of the per- formances of the Yale men, in breaking four intercollegi- ate records, was a noticeable feature of the games.

The records broken were as follows: Coxe threw the hammer 98 feet, 6 inches, and put the shot 40 feet, g% inches. Shearman covered 21 feet, 7J^ inches in the broad jump, and Harmar ran a mile in 4 minutes, 36!^ sec- onds. After having won for three years in the tug-of- war, Harvard was pulled by Columbia.

In total number of first and second prizes won in inter- collegiate track athletic contests, it will be seen, from the tables, that Harvard stands first, followed by Columbia, Yale, Princeton and Pennsylvania in the order named, with the smaller colleges scattering. In best records, however, Yale and Harvard stand tied with five each, while Pennsylvania holds two and Lafayette one.

i 1	W.M.Wat8on,G.C.N.Y. 8 min. 7 sec. Noble, Princeton.	C. Eldredge, Col. 7 min. 30 sec. W.M.Watson.C.C.N.Y,	oj'oo fl 13 g ^ 6 ^'	R. H. Sayre, Colum. 7 min. 49 sec. L. 0. Emmerich, Leh.	R. H. Sayre, Colum. 7 min. 54f sec. W. H. Herrick, Har.	R. H. Sayre, Colum. 7 min. 36)^ sec. W. H. Herrick, Har.
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TRACK ATHLETICS.

FIRST PRIZES INTERCOLLEGIATE GAMES, 1876-1887.

1876

1877 1878

1879 1880 1881

1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887

Harvard.

43

Columbia. r 6

7 6

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3 r 2

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Yale. Pennsylvania. Princeton.

2

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25

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Note. — Lafa3'^ette has won 4 first prizes ; Dartmouth, 4 ; Lehigh, 3 ; Wil- liams, 3 ; Stevens, 3 ; Wesleyan, 2 ; Amherst, 2 ; C. C. N. Y., 2 ; Cornell, 2 Union i, and Michigan i.

SECOND PRIZES INTERCOLLEGIATE GAMES, 1876-1887.

	Harvard.	Coiumbia.	Yale.	Pennsylvania. I	^rince
1876 .	—	—	I	—	3
1877	I	2	—	2	4
1878 .	3	2	—	3	2
1879	I	3	—	3	3
1880 .	5	6	I	—	—
I88I	. 3	4	I	I	2
1882 .	6	3	—	—	2
1883	• 3	4	2	—	3
1884 .	5	4	3	—	I
1885	. 5	6	—	I	I
1886 .	8	—	4	—	—
1887	. 4	3	4	I	—

44

37

16

II

21

Note. — Lafayette has won 3 second prizes ; Lehigh, 3 ; Dartmouth, 3 ; Brown, 2 ; Rutgers, 2 ; C. C. N. Y., 2 ; Wesleyan, i ; Amherst, i ; Hobart, i.

TRACK ATHLETICS.

121

TABLE SHOWING IMPROVEMENT IN INTERCOLLEGIATE RECORDS FROM 1876-1887.

1876. 1887.

min. sec. min. sec.

100 yards dash, 11 10

220 yards dash, 23>^ (1877) 22

440 yards dash, 56 50^

Half-mile run, 2 i6}4 2 i

One mile run, 4 58^ 4 36^

One mile walk, 87 71

120 yards hurdle, i8>^ 17

Two mile bicycle, 7 57 (1880) 6 17

feet. in. feet. in.

Running high jump, .... 5 2}4 6 ^

Running broad jump, . . . .18 3^ 21 7}^

Pole vault, 7 9 (1877) 10 7^

Throwing hammer, . . . ^ . 75 10 (1877) 98 6

Putting shot 30 iii^ 40 g}4

Note, — Although in a few instances the performances of 1876 were not equal to those of previous years, they have been here given, because of the more reliable timing and measuring.

THE MOTT HAVEN CUP.

1876 — Princeton. 1877 — Columbia. 1878 — Columbia. 1879 — Columbia. 1880 — Harvard. 1881— Harvard.

1882 — Harvard. 1883— Harvard. 1884 — Harvard. 1885— Harvard. 1886— Harvard. 1887— Yale.

Intercollegiate Lawn-Tennis Association^

1883

On the 17th of April, 1883, a meeting was held at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn., at which delegates from Amherst and Brown were present, the object of the meeting being to form an Intercollegiate Lawn-Tennis Association. A committee was elected to draft a consti- tution, which, having been prepared during a recess, was read before the association, enlarged now by delegates from Yale. A constitution was adopted, officers elected, and an invitation extended to Harvard and Williams to join the association. A second meeting was held in the same place, on June 7th, 1883, attended by delegates from Harvard as well as from the four other colleges, at which it was resolved " that the championship tourna- ment be held on the 9th of October, 1883, at Hartford, Conn." An exhibition tournament was, however, held on June 7, 8, and 9, in which the five colleges mentioned above participated. The winners were, in singles, Mr. J. Clark, '83, Harvard ; second place, Mr. G. L. Sargent, L. S., Yale; in doubles, Messrs. Clark and Taylor, Harvard; second place, Messrs. Gardiner and Hill, Brown. The first annual championship tournament was held, as agreed, in Hartford on October 9, 10 and 11, 1883. Wesleyan was added to the five original members. The winners were : In singles, Mr. H. A. Taylor, '86, Harvard ; sec- ond place, Mr. L. Thorne, '85 S., Yale; and in doubles, Messrs. Taylor and Presbrey, Harvard ; second place, Messrs. Thorne and Knapp, Yale. The expenses for the year were eight dollars.

INTERCOLLEGIATE LAWN-TENNIS ASSOCIATION. 1 23

1884

The annual meeting of the association was held in Hartford, May 6. Lehigh and Williams were admitted. A motion that there should be no spring tournament was carried. It was also voted that each college be allowed to send three players to the tournament. At the second meeting, held October 8th, Princeton was admitted. It was voted that there should be but one business meeting a year, held on one of the days of the tournament. It was also voted that each college might send two double teams, as well as three single players. It was resolved that all those beaten by the winner of the tournament be allowed to play for second place. The winners were, in singles, Mr. W. P. Knapp, '86, Yale ; second place, Mr. G. M. Brinley, *88, Trinity; and in doubles, Messrs. Knapp and Thorne, Yale ; second place, Messrs. Brinley and Wright, Trinity. A feature of the tournament was the defeat of Mr. Richard D. Sears, champion of the United States, by Mr. Knapp. The Harvard team was unfortunately crippled by Mr. Taylor's spraining his wrist by a fall during his match with Mr. Brinley. Thus by an unexpected defeat and an accident the Harvard team, composed of the champion of the United States and the winner of the Newport tournament, were deprived of victory.

1885

At the annual meeting held in New Haven, October 15th, it was moved that hereafter clay courts be the official courts of the association. The tournament was held on the grounds of the New Haven Lawn Club on October 15th to 19th, and resulted as follows: winners, of singles, Mr. W. P. Knapp, Yale; second place, Mr. G. M. Brin- ley, Trinity ; of doubles, Messrs. Knapp and Shipman, Yale ; second place, Messrs. Chase and Pratt, Amherst.

124 INTERCOLLEGIATE LAWN-TENNIS ASSOCIATION.

1886

At the annual meeting held in New Haven, October 15th, Columbia was admitted. Lehigh sent no repre- sentatives to the meeting or the tournament. The tourna- ment was again held on the New Haven Lawn Club grounds. The winners were, in singles, Mr. G. M. Brin- ley, Trinity ; second place, Mr. W. L. Thacher, Yale ; and in doubles, Messrs. Knapp and Thacher, Yale ; sec- ond place, Messrs. Brinley and Paddock, Trinity.

1887

The University of Pennsylvania sent players to the tournament for the first time this year, and Lehigh was again represented, after a lapse of one year. Ten col- leges competed. The tournament was held again on the New Haven Lawn Club grounds, from the nth to the 14th of October. The winners were, in singles, Mr. P. S. Sears, Harvard ; second place, Mr. O. S. Campbell, Columbia; and in doubles, Messrs. P. Sears and Shaw, Harvard ; second place, Messrs. Hall and Campbell, Columbia. The prizes cost $285.

Thus it will be seen that in the five annual champion- ship tournaments Yale has won five first places and three seconds ; Harvard, four first places ; Trinity, one first place and four seconds ; Columbia, two seconds, and Am- herst one second.

From the eleven colleges which have taken part in these tournaments, seventy-seven men have played. Of these four men have played four years, eight men three years, seventeen men two years, and forty-eight men one year.

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QO N OO M

TENNIS REPRESENTATIVES.

[Numerals in brackets indicate number of years played by those who have played more than one year.]

Amherst — Comstock, '83 ; Weedin, '84 ; Wheeler, '84 ; Appleton, '84 ; Chase, '87 (4) ; F. W. Phelps, '85 ; F. J. Pratt, '86 ; C. B.Wilbur, '88 ; W. E. Davidson (2) ; S. C. Brooks.

Brown — Barker, '83 ; Gardiner, '84 (2) ; Hill, '85 (2) ; Richmond, J. deF. Danielson, '87 (2) ; W. W. Brownell, '88, F. H. Hovey, '90 (2) ; G. E. Warren, '89 (2) ; W. R. Weedin, Weedin, '91.

Columbia— W. G. Hall, '89 (2) ; Bacon, '87 ; Sands, '88 ; Smith, Strebeigh, O. S. Campbell, '91 ; R. C. Stevens, '90 ; Post.

Harvard—], Clark, '83 ; H. A. Taylor, '85 (3) ; Presbrey, '85 ; R. D. Sears, M. S.; P. S. Sears, '89 (3) ; H. M. Sears, '89 (2) ; Kuhn, '88 ; W. B. Lord, '88 ; D. K. Snow, '88 (3) ; T. S. Tailor, '89 ; Q. A. Shaw, '91.

Lehigh— Q,, Davis, '88 (2) ; M. A. Howe, '86 (2) ; R. H. E. Porter ; W. K. Gillett.

Princeton—]. Conover, '84 ; Moflfatt, '85 ; A. H. Larkin, '87 (2) ; R. T. H. Halsey, Hodge, '87.

7V?W/;/— Kurtz, '83 ; Purdy, '84 (2) ; G. H. Hills, '84 ; A. C. Hamlin, '87 (3) ; G. M. Brinley, '88 (4) ; A. E. Wright, '89 (3) ; L. H. Paddock, '88 (3.)

University of Pennsylvania — W. B. Henry, '89 ; A. Thomson.

Wesleyan—]. R. Hoyt, '84 ; S. V. Coffin, '89 (3) ; Kabayama, '89 (2).

Williams— K. Duryea, '88 (4) ; J. Garfield, '85 ; Banks, '85 ; Broughton, '88 ; M. W. Comstock.

Yale—Q. L. Sargent, L. S.; W. C. Camp, M. S.; H. W. Slocum, '83 ; L. Thome, '85 S. (2) ; W. P. Knapp, '86 (4) ; A. L. Shipman, '86 (2) ; W. L. Thacher, '87 (3) ; C. H. Ludington, '87 (2) ; G. A. Hurd, '90 (2) ; T. W. Porter, '87 ; R. A. Gardiner, '87 ; R. S. Thomas, '87.

TABLE OF CHAMPIONSHIPS, 1876-1888.

1876

1877 1878

1879 i88o 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885

1886 1887

Rowing.

Yale.

Harvard.

Harvard.

Harvard.

Yale.

Yale.

Harvard.

Harvard.

Yale.

Harvard.

Yale.

Yale.

Fodt Ball. [Yale.]

Princeton.

Yale.

Base Ball.

[Yale.]

Yale. Yale.

Yale. Yale.

Yale. Yale.

Yale.

Princeton. Harvard.

Yale. Yale.

Track Athletics. Princeton. Columbia. Columbia. Columbia. Harvard. Harvard. Harvard. Harvard. Harvard. Harvard.

Harvard.

Yale.

Tennis.

Harvard.

Yale.

Yale. { Yale. I Trinity.

Harvard.

Summary. — Yale 22, Harvard 16, Princeton 3, Columbia 3, Trinity i. In the three great branches of Athletics alone — Rowing, Foot Ball and Base Ball — it will be noticed that Yale has even a greater lead than in all the branches reckoned together, viz: Yale 18, Harvard 7, Princeton 2.

FINIS.

A HISTORY OF YALE ATHLETICS

GIVING EVERY CONTEST WITH

HARVARD, PRINCETON, PENNSYLVANIA, COLUMBIA, WESLEYAN, ETC.,

— IN —

ROWING, FOOT BALL, BASE BALL, TRACK ATHLETICS, AND TENNIS,

— BY —

Richard M. Hurd, Yale '88.

In one volume^ 8vo.^ Price^ $1.50.

Orders should be sent by mail to R. M. Hurd, 241 Lawrance Hall, New Haven, Conn.

On sale by E. P. Button & Co., 23d Street, New York. F. A. Stokes, 182 Fifth Avenue, New York. Cupples & Hurd, Boston, Mass. Hirst & Leech, Princeton, N. J. Brown & Gross, Hartford, Conn.

APPENDIX, 1888-'92,

By GEORGE A. KURD. Yale, '90.

1888

ROWING.

With the victories of *86 and '87 behind them and a majority of the '87 crew still in college, the Yale boating authorities had, this year, an excellent outlook. As most of the rowing men were playing foot ball in the Fall, very little practice could be done until after Christmas, and the Captain very wisely waited unusually late in the Spring before beginning the regular rowing on the water, in order to avoid the risk of illness from exposure. More latitude was allowed in matters of diet than was usual, and the result was that the crew kept in good weight and were unusually free from indisposition. The time devel- oped in the practice rows on New Haven harbor was faster than that made in practice by any crew since '82. Although Woodruff, '89, who was rowing in the boat for the third year, was disabled by an accident to his knee ten days before the race, and his place had to be filled by a substitute, Yale men went to New London confident of winning the race.

On June 22d Yale defeated the University of Pennsyl- vania in a four mile race by twelve lengths, rowing over the course easily in 21 min. 19 sec. Four days later the Yale Freshmen defeated the University of Pennsylvania Freshmen by three lengths over a two-mile course, in 1 1 min. 31 sec.

134 APPENDIX.

On the 29th of June the Yale-Harvard race was rowed. The start was made, on smooth water, at 5.30 P. M. Yale caught the water first and at once took the lead, rowing steadily and in good form. At the half-mile flag Yale led by three lengths, which was more than doubled by the time the mile flag was reached. The race became a pro- cession, Yale rowing the *' Bob Cook " stroke in superb form, scarcely varying from a 34 stroke throughout the race, while Harvard rowed 36 to 38 strokes per minute in uneven form. In 20 min. 10 sec. Yale crossed the line, having broken the record, made by the Yale crew of '84, by 21 seconds, and beaten Harvard by about twenty -two lengths. Harvard's time was 21 min. 24 sec.

The crews were made up as follows :

Yale— Bow, R. M. Wilcox, '88 S.; 2, C. O. Gill, '89 ; 3, G. S. Brewster, '91 ; 4, J. A. Hartwell, '89 S.; 5, W. H. Corbin, '89 ; 6, F. A. Stevenson (Capt.), '88 ; 7, G. R. Carter, '88 S.; Stroke, S. M. Cross, '88 ; Cox., R. Thompson, '90.

Harvard— Bow, E. C. Storrow (Capt.), '89 ; 2, J. B. Markoe, '89 ; 3, P. D. Trafford, '89 ; 4, B. T. Tilton, '90 ; 5, J. T. Davis, '89 ; 6, C. E. Schroll, L. S.; 7, J. R. Finlay, '91 ; Stroke, W. Alexander, L. S.; Cox., J. E. Whitney, '89.

Referee, Hermann Oelrichs, of New York.

Averages of the crews :

Yale — Age, 21^ years ; weight, 165 lbs.; height, 5 ft. 10 jl^ in. Harvard — Age, 20^ years ; weight, i68>^ lbs.; height, 5 ft. 11^ in.

FOOT BALL.

The Yale team this year went through the season with- out being scored against, making 690 points in thirteen games, and may justly be considered the strongest team that up to this time had been put on the foot ball field. This was not so much due to any marked advance in the science of team-play, as to the remarkable skill of the in- dividual players in their respective positions, combined with great pluck and endurance.

Harvard was defeated by Princeton, at Princeton, by a score of i8 to 6, and the Harvard Faculty soon after this refused to let the team play the Yale-Harvard game in

APPENDIX. 135

New York (on Thanksgiving Day) as the constitution of the Intercollegiate Association directed. On Yale's re- fusal to play the game in Cambridge as Harvard demanded (Yale having played there in 1886, the last game between these Colleges not played on neutral grounds), Harvard forfeited the game to Yale.

Yale's excellent record throughout the season, and Princeton's easy defeat of Harvard, gave an exceptional interest to the Yale-Princeton game, which was played on the Polo Grounds in New York, on Saturday, Nov. 24th. The day was a fairly good one, though the field was a little slippery, and a strong breeze was blowing. Yale won the toss and took the west goal with the wind in her favor. Princeton opened the game with a series of short rushes, using her heavy center as much as possible, and carried the ball to Yale's 25-yard line, where Ames made a poor try for a goal from the field. Yale then carried the ball to the center of the field where Bull and Ames, the two full backs, exchanged several punts, much to the advantage of the former, and the ball was in dangerous proximity to Princeton's goal. Finally, after three unsuccessful trials, the Yale full back kicked a goal from the field. During the rest of the half Princeton was on the defensive, and time was soon called with the ball only two yards from her goal line. Through- out the greater part of the second half Princeton kept advancing the ball by short rushes and heavy rush-line play, only to lose the ground thus gained by a long punt by Bull, and just before time was called two long runs by Yale men carried the ball to Princeton's lo-yard line, and Bull kicked another goal from the field, making the final score 10 to o. The championship was awarded to Yale by the Intercollegiate Association.

The Yale team was made up of :

W. H. Corbin (Capt.), '89 ; G. W.Woodruff, '89 ; W. W. Hefflefinger,'9i S.; C. O. Gill, '89 ; W. C. Rhodes, '91 ; A. A. Stagg, T. S.; F. W. Wallace. '89 ; W. C. Wurtemberg, '89 S.; T. L. McClung, '92 ; W. P. Graves, '91 ; W. T. Bull, P. G.

136 APPENDIX.

The record of games played is as follows

Yale vs.	Wesleyan,	76-0
Yale vs.	Rutgers,	65-0
Yale vs.	University of Pennsylvania,	34-0
Yale vs.	Wesleyan,	46-0
Yale vs.	Amherst,	39-0
Yale vs.	Williams,	30-0
Yale vs.	Mass. Inst. Tech.,	68-0
Yale vs.	Stevens,	69-0
Yale vs.	University of Pennsylvania,	50-0
Yale vs.	Crescent A. C,	28-0
Yale vs.	Amherst,	70-0
Yale vs.	Wesleyan,	105-0
Yale vs.	Princeton,	lO-O

690-0

The Yale Freshmen were defeated this year by the Harvard Freshmen, in Cambridge, by a score of 36 to 4.

BASE BALL.

Yale again won the championship in base ball by win- ning six out of eight championship games, three from Harvard and three from Princeton.

Stagg and Dann for the third time formed the Yale battery, and the team was an exceptionally heavy hitting one, four of the Yale men leading the Association with batting averages of over .350.

Early in the season the outlook for Yale was dark, the first game with Princeton having been lost by a close score, as well as the first game at Cambridge. As Harvard won all four of her games with Princeton, it was necessary for Yale to win the last two games with Harvard in order to save the championship. The third Yale-Harvard game was played in Cambridge on an intensely hot day, and Yale led from the start, steadily increasing her score until the game was won, 8 to o. Only three scattering hits were made off Stagg, while the Yale team hit Bates for thirteen base hits with a total of seventeen. The final game was played in New Haven and was won by Yale, 5 to 3, Harvard's runs being made late in the game. The

APPENDIX. 137

feature of the game was a home-run drive, clear over the left fielder's head, by McClintock, of Yale.

The championship games played were :

April 28th, Yale vs. Princeton, at Princeton, 5-6

May 5th, Yale vs. Princeton, at New Haven, 10-4

May 19th, Yale vs. Harvard, at New Haven, 7-1

June 5th, Yale vs. Princeton, at Princeton, 9-1

June 9th, Yale vs. Harvard, at Cambridge, 3-7

June i6th, Yale vs. Princeton, at New Haven, 15-5

June 23d, Yale vs. Harvard, at Cambridge, 8-0

June 26th, Yale vs. Harvard, at New Haven, 5-3

Other College games played were :

April 25th, Yale vs. Amherst, 7-4

May I2ih, Yale vs. Williams, 6-1

May 15th, Yale vs. Amherst, 5-4

May i6th, Yale vs. Holy Cross, 5-6

May 23d, Yale vs. Columbia, 5-1

May 26th, Yale vs. Princeton (Exhibition), 7-3

May 30th, Yale vs. Columbia, 6-0

June 2d, Yale vs. Williams, 9-4

June 7th, Yale vs. University of Penn., 16-6

The nine was made up of :

A. A. Stagg (Capt.), '88 ; J. C. Dann, '88 S.; H. McBride, '90 S.; G. Cal- houn, '91 ; C. B. McConkey, '88 ; H. F. Noyes, '89 ; S. J. Walker, '88 ; J. F. Hunt, L. S.; A. G. McClintock, '90.

The Freshmen series with Harvard resulted in a tie, Harvard winning the game in Cambridge, 9 to 6, and Yale turning the tables a week later by winning the game in New Haven by a score of 8 to 7.

TRACK ATHLETICS.

The Intercollegiate Games were held on the Manhattan Athletic Club grounds, on Saturday, May 26th. The day was rainy and the heavy track prevented the breaking of any records. The two hundred and twenty yards hurdle race, over 2 ft. 6 in. hurdles, was introduced this year for the first time.

138

APPENDIX.

Harvard won the cup by taking 7 first places and 6 second places ; Yale took 5 first places and 2 seconds ; University of Pennsylvania 2 firsts and 3 seconds ; Colum- bia I first and 3 seconds ; and Amherst i second place.

The results of the events were

100 yards, 220 yards, 440 yards, Half mile run. One mile run. One mile walk, Two mile bicycle, 120 yards hurdle, 220 yards hurdle, Running high jump, Running broad jump, Pole vault. Putting the shot, Throwing the hammer, Tug-of-War,

Winner. C. H. Sherrill, Y., C. H. Sherrill, Y., S. G. Wells, H., H. R. Miles, H., W. Harmar, Y., E. C. Wright, H., R. H. Davis, H., H. Mapes, Col., G. S. Mandell, H., T. D.Webster, U. of P. T. G. Shearman, Y., T. G. Shearman, Y., H. Pennypacker, H., A. J. Bowser, U. of P. Harvard,

lof sec;

22f sec;

52f sec;

2 min. 2^ sec 4min.37f sec

7 min. 29 sec

7 min. 3 sec;

175 sec;

26|- sec; ,5 ft. iii in.;

20 ft. 8 in.;

9 ft. 6 in.;

37 ft.; , 88 ft. 6i in,;

Second.

E. C. Moen, H.

F. B. Lund, H.

H. M. Banks, Jr., Col. ; G. P. Cogswell, H. ; C. A. Davenport, H. ; O.Chamberlain,U.of P. ; C. B. Keen, U. of P.

H. L. Williams, Y.

H. Mapes, Col.

W. B. Page, U. of P.

H. B. Gibson, H.

S. D. Warriner, Amh.

G. W. WoodrufT, Y. H. B. Gibson. H. Columbia.

TENNIS.

The Intercollegiate Tennis Tournament was again held on the grounds of the New Haven Lawn Club, from the 8th to the nth of October.

The singles were won by P. S. Sears, of Harvard, who defeated V. G. Hall, of Columbia, in the finals by a score of 7-5, 4-6, 6-2, 4-6, 6-2. Second place was won by O. S. Campbell, of Columbia, who had been beaten by Sears in a close match in the semi-final round.

The doubles were won by V. G. Hall and O. S. Camp- bell, of Columbia, who defeated P. S. Sears and Q. A. Shaw, Jr., of Harvard, in the finals, 7-5, 6-2, 6-3 — Sears and Shaw winning second place. The championship in Tennis was thus divided between Harvard and Columbia.

APPENDIX. 139

i88g

ROWING.

The Yale and Harvard crews this year averaged pre- cisely the same both in height and weight, and the race furnished an additional proof of the excellence of the " Bob Cook " stroke. Yale's shell moved ahead steadily, the easy recovery not stopping the boat between strokes ; while the Harvard crew, rowing a slightly higher stroke, fell steadily behind after the first half-mile, though the race was by no means such a procession as that of the year before.

A week before the Yale-Harvard race, Yale rowed the University of Pennsylvania a four mile race ; one of the regular crew (J. A. Hartwell, '89 S.) did not row on account of a slight illness, his place being filled by a sub- stitute (A. B. Newell, '90), and Yale won without much effort, by two lengths, in 23 minutes 50 seconds.

The Yale-Harvard race was rowed on June 28. Owing to the roughness of the water it was postponed from the morning until 7 o'clock in the evening when it was rowed up the river. The crews got off together, Yale rowing 34 to 35 strokes per minute, and Harvard after the first spurt settling down to 35 to 36, which rates were substan- tially maintained throughout the race. At the half-mile flag the crews were even, but from that point on Yale gained steadily, rowing a long, easy stroke, and crossed the line in 21 minutes 30 seconds, nearly eight lengths ahead of Harvard, whose time was 21 minutes 55 seconds.

The crews were made up as follows :

Yale— Bow, C. F. Rogers, '90 S.; 2, C. O. Gill, '89 ; 3, G. S. Brewster, '91 ; 4, J. A. Hartwell, '89 S.; 5, W. H. Corbin, '89 ; 6, G. W. Woodruff (Capt.), '89 ; 7, P. Allen, '90 S.; Stroke, E. L. Caldwell, T. S.; Cox., R. Thompson, '90.

Harvard— Bow, G. Perry, '89 ; 2, T. N. Perkins, '91 ; 3, E. C. Storrow (Capt.), '89 ; 4, J. S. Cranston, '92 ; 5, J. R. Finlay, '91 ; 6, B. T. Tilton, '90 ; 7, J. P. Hutchinson, '90 ; Stroke, R. F. Herrick, '90 ; Cox., J. E. Whitney, '89.

Referee, Robert Cornell, (Columbia).

140 APPENDIX.

Averages of the crews :

Yale : Age, 22 years ; weight, 168 lbs.; height, 5 feet, 10^ inches. Harvard: Age, 21 years ; weight, 168 lbs.; height, 5 feet, loX inches.

On June 25th the Yale Freshman crew was defeated by the University of Pennsylvania Freshmen in a two mile race, by one length, time 10 minutes Sj4 seconds. The University of Pennsylvania crew was protested before the race by the Yale boating authorities as being made up almost exclusively of men in the professional schools ; and their refusal to agree to any change in the future in this respect obliged Yale to terminate all racing with the University of Pennsylvania.

FOOT BALL.

Of the '89 men who had done so much during the last three years to bring the foot ball championship to Yale, only one returned to a professional school, and he, as cap- tain, had a difficult task before him in the development of new material to fill the old places.

The game changed little in its general character from the way it had been played in former years, though an important change which was made in the rules now allowed tackling as low as the knees, instead of requiring it to be above the waist. This change resulted in much sharper, cleaner tackling than had been seen before, and led to the first beginning of the scientific system of " inter- ference " to protect a runner, which has since been de- veloped into so prominent and interesting a part of the game.

The Harvard-Princeton game was played in Cambridge, and resulted in the crushing defeat of Harvard by a score of 41 to 15. Harvard scored fifteen points to ten in the first half, but in the second half became exhausted and were scored against by Princeton almost at will. The game was marked by unusual roughness, and several Princeton players were disqualified. Harvard protested several of the Princeton team on the ground of profes-

APPENDIX. 141

sionalism ; and the thorough airing given to their charges in the press has had a good effect in arousing public atten- tion to the imperative necessity of maintaining a pure amateur standard in college athletics. Harvard soon after this game withdrew from the Intercollegiate Foot Ball Association, and has not since (up to this time, 1892) played Princeton in foot ball.

The Yale-Harvard game was played at Springfield, and was won by Yale, score 6 to o. The only scoring done during the game was a touchdown (from which a goal was kicked) for Yale about a minute before the end of the first half.

The Yale-Princeton game was played at the Berkeley Oval, New York, on Thanksgiving Day, Nov. 28th. It had rained steadily for two days before the game, and the field was a sea of mud, over which saw-dust had been sprinkled to give a little footing. During the first half neither side scored, and Yale had the ball in Princeton's territory so much that the result seemed doubtful ; but in the second half Princeton forced the play and scored two touchdowns, from one of which a goal was kicked, while the nearest approach to scoring made by Yale was a try for a goal from the field which struck the cross-bar.

The championship was awarded to Princeton.

The Yale team was made up of :

C. O. Gill (Capt.), T. S.; B. Hanson, '90 ; W. W. Hefflefinger, '91 S.; A. B. Newell, '90; W. C. Rhodes, '91 ; A. A. Stagg, T. S.; J. A. Hartwell, P. G.; W. C. Wurtemberg, M. S.; T. L. McClung, '92 ; S. B. Morison, '91 ; H. McBride, '90 S.

The record of games played is as follows :

Yale vs. Wesleyan,	38- 0
Yale vs. Wesleyan,	63-5
Yale vs. Williams,	36- 0
Yale vs. Cornell,	60- 6
Yale vs. Amherst,	42- 0
Yale vs. Trinity,	64- 0
Yale vs. Columbia,	62- 0
Yale vs. University of Pennsylvania,	22-10
Yale vs. Stevens,	30- 0
Yale vs. Crescent A. C,	18- 0

142

APPENDIX.
Yale vs. Cornell,	70- 0
Yale vs. Amherst,	32- 0
Yale vs. Williams.	70- 0
Yale vs. Wesleyan,	52- 0
Yale vs. Harvard,	6- 0
Yale vs. Princeton,	O-IO

665-31

The Yale Freshmen were defeated by the Harvard Freshmen, in New Haven, by a score of 35 to 12.

BASE BALL.

The nine this year was a strong- one, particularly in batting, and after losing the first championship game to Princeton by a score of 14 to 11, went through the season without another defeat, taking four straight games from Harvard. The last game with Princeton was probably the most exciting that had ever been seen on the Yale Field. Princeton led by a narrow margin all through the game. Yale was a run behind in the ninth inning. With two men out, Calhoun came to the bat, and after two strikes drove the ball along the third base line for three bases, and came in on a short passed ball. Yale finally scored the winning run in the eleventh inning.

Yale won the championship, with Princeton second.

The nine was composed of :

H. F. Noyes (Capt.), '89; A. A. Stagg, T. S.; W. F. Poole, Jr., '91 ; H. McBride, '90 S.; G. Calhoun, '91 ; T. L. McClung, '92 ; W. S. Dalzell, '91 ; H. W. Cushing, '91 ; N. McClintock, '91.

The championship games were :

May 8th, Yale vs. Princeton, at Princeton, TI-14

May i8th, Yale vs. Princeton, at Princeton, 12- 9

May 22d, Yale vs. Princeton, at New Haven, 13- i

May 25th, Yale vs. Harvard, at New Haven, 15-3

June 15th, Yale vs. Princeton, at New Haven, 6- 5

June 20th, Yale vs. Harvard, at Cambridge, 5- 4

June 22d, Yale vs. Harvard, at Cambridge, 7- 5

June 25th, Yale vs. Harvard, at New Haven, 8- 4

APPENDIX. 143

Other college games were :

April gth, Yale vs. Tufts, 9-3

April nth, Yale vs. Trinity, 23-2

April i8th, Yale vs. University of Penn., 9-8

April 20th, Yale vs. University of Penn., 6-5

May nth, Yale vs. Amherst, 4-5

June 4th, Yale vs. University of Penn., 24-0

June 25th, Yale vs. Lafayette, 13-3

The Freshmen series resulted in a tie, the Harvard Freshmen winning in Cambridge, 13 to 9, and losing the return game in New Haven, by a score of 27 to o.

TRACK ATHLETICS.

Yale won the Mott Haven Cup this year, by winning four events and taking second place in five others ; but this had no effect on the ultimate disposition of the cup, as Harvard had already won it eight years, a majority of the fourteen years for which it was originally offered.

The Intercollegiate meeting was held at the Berkeley Oval, on Saturday, May 25th, and was unusually success- ful. The events contested were the same as those of the year before, and ten Intercollegiate records were tied or broken. C. H. Sherrill, Yale, tied the previous records of iq|- sec. and 22f sec. in the dashes ; VV. C. Dohm, Princeton, broke the quarter-mile record, running it in 50 sec; the mile run was lowered to 4 min. 29!^ sec. by C. O. Wells, Amherst.; T. Mcllvaine, Columbia, lowered the mile walk to 7 min. 6f sec; H. Mapes, Columbia, lowered the records in both hurdle races, doing the high hurdles in i6f sec and the low hurdles in 26f sec; T. G. Shearman, Yale, raised his own record in the broad jump to 22 ft. 6 in.; R. G. Leavitt, Harvard, cleared 10 ft. 5|- in. in the pole vault ; and R. H. Davis, Harvard, rode one of the heats of the bicycle race in 6 min. |^ sec.

After Yale, with 4 firsts and 5 seconds, came Columbia, with 4 firsts and 2 seconds ; Harvard, with 2 firsts and 7 seconds ; Princeton, 2 firsts and i second ; University of Pennsylvania, 2 firsts ; and Amherst, i first.

144 APPENDIX.

The results of the events were :

Winner. Second.

100 yds., C. H. Sherrill, Y., lo^ sec; E. C. Moen, H.

220 yds., C. H. Sherrill, Y., 22f sec; J. P. Lee, H.

440 yds., W. C. Dohm, P., 50 sec; W. C. Downs, H.

Half-mile run, W. C, Downs, H., 2 min. 2|- sec; A. S. Vosburgh, Col.

One mile run, C. O. Wells, Amh., 4 min. 29|^sec; W. Harmar, Y.

One mile walk, T. Mcllvaine, Col., 7 min. 6f sec; J. E. How, H.

Two mile bicycle, F. A. Clark, Y., 6 min. 48^ sec; W. B. Greenleaf, H.

120 yds. hurdle, H. Mapes, Col., i6|^ sec; H. L. Williams, Y.

220 yds. hurdle, H. Mapes, Col., 26f sec; H. L. Williams, Y.

Running high jump, T. D. Webster, U. of P., 5 ft. 6| in.; R. G. Leavitt, H.

Running broad jump, T. G. Shearman, Y., 22 ft. 6 in.; V. Mapes, Col.

Pole vault, R. G. Leavitt, H., 10 ft. 5^ in.; T. G. Shearman, Y.

Putting the shot, H. H. Janeway, P., 36 ft. i^ in.; H. A. Elcock, Y.

Throwing the hammer, A. J. Bowser, U. of P., 89 ft. ^ in.; H. F. Allen, H. Tug-of-War, Columbia, Princeton.

TENNIS.

The Intercollegiate Tournament was again held on the grounds of the New Haven Lawn Club, from Oct. 7th to loth. Nine of the twelve colleges in the Association sent representatives : Amherst, Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, Princeton, Trinity, Williams and Yale. At the annual* meeting of the Association it was voted to allow three single entries from each college in the future. An Intercollegiate Tennis Cup, the money for which had been raised by subscription among college tennis players, and members of the New Haven Lawn Club, was offered this year for the first time. It is to go ultimately to the college which first wins seven first places in singles or doubles.

The singles were won by R. P. Huntington, Jr., Yale, who defeated in the finals G. A. Hurd, Yale, by a score of 9-7, 7-5, 6-1. Second prize in singles was won by F. H. Hovey, Brown.

The doubles were won by O. S. Campbell and A. E. Wright, of Columbia, who defeated in the finals R. P. Huntington, Jr. and J. C. F. Huntington, of Yale, 6-4, 6-8, 7-5, 6-4. The Huntingtons took second place in doubles. Yale having won the singles and second place in the doubles was entitled to hold the Intercollegiate Tennis Cup for the year.

APPENDIX. 145

i8go

ROWING.

This year's crew first showed its mettle when, on May 24th, it met the eight of the Atalanta Boat Club (the amateur champions of America), and defeated it in a four mile race on New Haven Harbor by eight lengths in 20 min. 17 sec, rowing the last two miles with only seven men in the boat, the Yale stroke having broken his oar and jumped overboard. The excellent time made and the cool way in which the men kept together after the loss of their stroke oar gave promise of an exciting race at New Lon- don, as the Harvard crew was also known to be an excep- tionally fast one.

The Yale-Harvard race was rowed on June 27th, the water being fairly good, but the conditions not altogether favorable for fast time. The crews got off together, Yale settling down after the first few strokes to the long '* Bob Cook " swing at a rate which did not vary throughout the race from 34 to 35 per minute ; while Harvard started at a 40 stroke which was soon lowered to 36. For the first two miles the race was very close, but from that point on to the finish Yale drew steadily ahead, crossing the line about 3^^ lengths ahead of Harvard in 21 min. 29 sec. Harvard's time was 21 min. 40 sec.

The crews were made up as follows :

Yale— Bow, C. F. Rogers, '90 S,; 2, W. A. Simms, '90 S.; 3, G. S. Brewster, '91 ; 4, J. A. Hartwell, P. G.; 5, A. B. Newell, '90 ; 6, H. T. Ferris, '91 ; 7, S. B. Ives, '93 ; Stroke, P. Allen (Capt.), '90S.; Cox,, R. Thompson, '90.

Harvard— Bow, G. L. Nelson, Sp.; 2, F. B. Winthrop, '91 ; 3, J. H. God- dard, '92 ; 4, T. N. Perkins, '91 ; 5, R. D. Upham, '90 ; 6, B. T. Tilton, '90 ; 7, G. H. Kelton, '93 ; Stroke, J. P. Hutchinson (Capt.), '90 ; Cox., H. M. Battelle, '93.

Referee, Hermann Oelrichs, of New York.

Averages of the crews :

Yale — Age, 20^ )'ears ; weight, 173X ^^s.; height, 6 ft. Harvard — Age, 22^ years ; weight, 171^^ lbs.; height, 6 ft. ]/% in.

146 APPENDIX.

FOOT BALL.

The outlook at the beginning of this season was anything but encouraging for Yale. Few of the old players had returned to college and the new material did not give much promise. The first game of the season was won from Wesleyan by the narrow margin of 8 to o, and all through October the scores showed little improvement. But after Nov. ist the team began to work well together, and the untiring efforts of captain and coaches produced a more scientific system of team play than had yet been seen. The scores made by Yale rapidly grew larger, until she defeated the strong team from the University of Pennsylvania by a score of 60 to o, in a championship game.

Although Harvard had withdrawn from the Association, Yale had arranged to play a game with her at Springfield, on the Saturday before Thanksgiving Day, which was ooked forward to with great interest.

The Yale team came on the field crippled by the loss of the regular center-rush and two other players, through ill- ness or accident, while the strong eleven from Harvard, which had been admirably trained and coached by its captain, A. J. Cumnock, were in perfect condition. The day was cold and the wind high. Yale had the wind in her favor during the first half, and playing a strong rush- ing game kept the ball in Harvard's territory almost all the time, though never nearer than the 15-yard line. Neither side scored in the first half ; nor in the second, until after about thirty minutes' play, a long run by a Harvard half-back resulted in a touch down from which a goal was kicked. Almost immediately after the ball was put in play again, the Harvard quarter-back broke through and intercepting the ball on a pass, ran the length of a clear field and scored another touch-down, from which a goal was kicked. Only a few minutes of play remained, but with the score 12 to o against them, the Yale team carried the ball by short rushes over the Harvard line.

APPENDIX. 147

scoring a touch-down, from which a difficult goal was kicked ; and they were again advancing it steadily towards the Harvard goal when time was called.

The Yale-Princeton game on Thanksgiving Day was a walk-over for Yale, 16 points to o being scored in each half. E. A. Poe, the Princeton captain, who had worked hard to develop a team from new material, played his usual brilliant game, but the Princeton team as a whole offered little resistance to the Yale half-backs, protected by rush-line interference. The day was wet and muddy, but a large crowd witnessed the game. Princeton began by rushing the ball to Yale's lo-yard line, but did not again get it much beyond the middle of the field.

Harvard not being a member of the Intercollegiate Association, the championship was awarded to Yale, who had scored 168 to o in the three championship games.

The Yale team was made up of :

W. C. Rhodes (Capt.), '91 ; W. M. Lewis, L. S.; W. W. Hefflefinger, '91 S.; S. N. Morison, '92 ; A. H. Wallis, '93 ; J. A. Hartwell, M. S.; B. L. Crosby, '92; F. E. Barbour, '92 S.; T. L. McClung, '92; L. T. Bliss, '93 S.; S. B. Morison, '91.

The record of games played is as follows :

Yale vs. Wesleyan,	8- 0
Yale vs. Crescent A. C,	18- 6
Yale vs. Wesleyan,	34- 0
Yale vs. Lehigh,	26- 0
Yale vs. Trinity,	40- 0
Yale vs. Orange A. C,	16- 0
Yale vs. Williams,	36- 0
Yale vs. Amherst,	12- 0
Yale vs. Wesleyan,	76- 0
Yale vs. Crescent A. C,	52- 0
Yale vs. Rutgers,	70- 0
Yale vs. University of Pennsylvania,	60- 0
Yale vs. Harvard,	6-12
Yale vs. Princeton,	32- 0

486-18

The Yale Freshmen were defeated by the Harvard Freshmen, in Cambridge, by a score of 14 to 4.

148 APPENDIX.

BASE BALL.

Harvard this year withdrew from the triangular league with Yale and Princeton which had existed for three years. Yale played a separate series with each, and won each series by taking the odd game.

The games with Princeton were remarkably close and exciting. Yale won the opening game, in New Haven, 3 to 2, and Princeton the return game, i to o ; the third game, played in New York resulted in a tie, 8 to 8, (being stopped by rain) and Yale finally won the deciding game, played in Brooklyn, by a score of 6 to 5.

The two Yale-Harvard games played in New Haven, were easy victories for Yale by scores of 8 to o and 7 to i ; while the two games won by Harvard in Cambridge were each taken by a single run. In one of them the Yale box was filled by a substitute pitcher, the regular pitcher fearing a strain to his arm if he pitched again so soon after the two hard games with Princeton. Yale won the final game of the series at Springfield, by a score of 4 to 3.

The Yale nine consisted of :

G. Calhoun, (Capt.). '91 I A. A. Stagg, T. S.; W. F. Poole, Jr., '91 ; H. Mc- Bride, '90 S.; L. S. Owsley, '92 S.; W. S. Dalzell, '91 ; H. W. Gushing, '91 ; W. H. Murphy, '93 ; A. G. McClintock, '90.

The record of games played is as follows : Princeton series.

May 3d, Yale vs. Princeton, at New Haven, 3-2

May 24th, Yale vs. Princeton, at Princeton, o-i

June i6th, Yale vs. Princeton, at New York, 8-8

June i8th, Yale vs. Princeton, at Brooklyn, 6-5

Harvard series.

May 17th, Yale vs. Harvard, at New Haven, 8-0

May 31st, Yale vs. Harvard, at Cambridge, 8-9

June 2ist, Yale vs. Harvard, at Cambridge, 3-4

June 24th, Yale vs. Harvard, at New Haven, 7-1

June 28th, Yale vs. Harvard, at Springfield, 4-3

Other College games were :

April 9th, Yale vs. University of Penn., 6-5

April 15th, Yale vs. Holy Cross, 23-0

April 20th, Yale vs. Amherst, 6-8

April 30th, Yale vs. Williams, 5-2

May 7th, Yale vs. Columbia, 12-3

APPENDIX.

May 2 1 St, Yale vs. Brown, June 7th, Yale vs. Amherst, June nth, Yale vs. Brown,

149

13-1 14-6

8-9

The Yale Freshmen lost both games to the Harvard Freshmen, being beaten 1 1 to 7 in Cambridge, and 7 to o in New Haven.

TRACK ATHLETICS.

The old Mott Haven Cup having been won by Harvard, a new cup was presented to the Association this year by College graduates. An important change was made by the Association, in introducing a system of scoring by points, five points to go to the winner of each event, two to the second, and one to the third, the college getting the largest number of points to be held the winner.

The Intercollegiate Games were held at the Berkeley Oval, May 31st, and resulted in a victory for Harvard, with Yale a close second. Five records were broken. Sherrill, Yale, lowered the record in the 220 yards dash to 22^^ sec; Dohm, Princeton, ran the half-mile in i min. $7-^ sec; Williams, Yale, lowered the 120 yards hurdle, and Lee, Harvard, the 220 yards hurdle to 16^ sec. and 2^^^ sec respectively ; Ryder, Yale, and Welch, Columbia, tied in the pole vault at 10 ft. 7 in., an inch and a half better than the previous record.

The results of the events were :

	Winner.		Second.	Third.
100 yds..	Sherrill, Y.,	10-^ sec;	Cary, P.,	Robinson, Y.
220 yds.,	Sherrill, Y.,	22^ sec;	Gary, P.,	Robinson, Y.
440 yds..	Downs, H.,	5of sec;	Roddy, P.,	Stead, H.
Half-mile run,	Dohm, P.,	I min. 5 7^ sec.	; Downs, H.,	Wright, H.
One mile run.	Wells. Amh.,	4min.35f sec.	; Ellsworth, Y.,	White, H.
One mile walk.	Gregg, Amh.,	7 min. ID sec.	; Mcllvaine, Col	. Borcherling, P.
Two mile bicycle.	R. H. Davis, H.	, 6 min. 6| sec.	; Hallock, Amh.,	, P. W. Davis, H.
120 yds. hurdle,	Williams, Y.,	16^ sec;	H. Mapes, Col.	, Fearing, H.
220 yds. hurdle.	Lee, H.,	25i sec;	Williams, Y.,	Fearing, H.
Running high jump.	Green, H.,	5 ft. 81 in.	Lee, H.,	Seigel, C. C. N. Y.
Running broad jump,	Dohm, P., Welch, Col., Ryder, Y., f	22 ft. 3^ in.	V. Mapes, Col.,	, Williams, Y.
Pole vault,	10 ft. 7 in.		Crane, H.
Putting the shot.	Janeway, P.,	39 ft. li in.	Elcock, Y.,	Allen, H.
Throwing the hammer	, Hinman, Col.,	94 ft. 7 in.	Jefferson, P.,	Detwiller, Lehigh.
Tug-of-War,	Columbia,		Yale,	Swarthmore.

ISO APPENDIX.

Total scores :

Harvard 32 ; Yale 29^ ; Princeton 24 ; Columbia ig^^ ; Amherst 12 Lehigh i ; Swarthmore i ; College of the City of New York i.

TENNIS.

The Intercollegiate Tournament was held in New Haven on Oct. 6th and the following- days.

The singles were won by F. H. Hovey, Harvard, who defeated O. S. Campbell, of Columbia, in the finals, 6-2, 3-6» 7-5» 2-6, 6-4. Second place was won by J. Howland, Yale.

The doubles were also won by Harvard, S. T. Chase and Q. A. Shaw, Jr., defeating H. Tallant and F. H. Hovey, in the finals, 3-6, 6-3, 3-6, 6-2, 6-0. Second place was won by A. J. Parker and L. R. Parker, of Yale.

i8gi

ROWING.

Yale's succession of victories on the water was broken this year by the first defeat since 1885. The crew was composed of two old men and six new ones, and being in need of good coaching, spent the Easter vacation in Phil- adelphia under Mr. Cook's charge.

The five-year agreement entered into in 1886 between the Colleges and the town authorities of New London had expired, and there was some talk of changing the location of the race ; but it was decided to renew the old agree- ment on terms more advantageous to the Colleges.

The Yale-Harvard race was rowed in the morning of June 26th, on smooth water. The Yale crew was an un- usually powerful one, but had not thoroughly mastered the " Bob Cook" Stroke, which has brought so many vie-

APPENDIX. 151

tories on the water to Yale. Instead of a long, steady sweep at 34, which other Yale crews had used, they started at a 39 stroke and varied between 35 and 37 throughout the race. Harvard, as usual, at no time fell below 36.

Harvard gained a slight advantage at the start, which was increased to three lengths by the time the one-mile flag was reached, and from that point on had the race well in hand, crossing the line in 21 min. 23 sec, about ten lengths ahead of Yale, whose time was 21 min. 57 sec.

Harvard rowed in a cedar shell, while Yale used a paper boat made by Waters.

The crews were made up as follows :

Yale : Bow, W. A. Simms, M. S. ; 2, A. J. Balliet, '92 ; 3, C. R. Ely, '91 ; 4, R. D. Paine, '94 ; 5, W. W. Hefflefinger, '91 S. ; 6, G. S. Brewster (Capt.), '91 ; 7, P. Hagerman, L. S. ; Stroke, J. A. Gould, '92 S. ; Cox., H. S. Bowns,

'93.

Harvard : Bow, M. Newell, '94 ; 2, T. N. Perkins (Capt.), '91 ; 3, N. Ran- toul, '92 ; 4, F. Lynam, M. S. ; 5, C. K. Cummings, '93 ; 6, D. R. Vail, '93 ; 7, G. H. Kelton, '93 ; Stroke, J. C. Powers, '92 ; Cox., H. M. Battelle, '93.

Referee, William Meikleham, of Columbia.

Averages of the crews :

Yale : Age, 21 1^ years ; weight, 173^^ lbs. ; height, 5 feet, 11 }4 inches. Harvard : Age, 23 years ; weight, I72j^ lbs. ; height, 5 feet, nj4 inches.

On June 24th the Yale Freshmen rowed in a triangular race against the Harvard and Columbia Freshmen, which was won by the Columbia Freshmen in 9 min. 41 sec, with Yale second by four lengths, and Harvard third.

FOOT BALL.

This year was marked by a great advance in the science of foot ball. Under the excellent coaching of a number of recent graduates, and especially Mr. W. C. Camp, '80, the Yale team were able to carry out effectively what had only been partially attempted before, — the using of the entire team in carrying out each play. To this mastery of an elaborate system of '' interference," and the great vari- ety of plays used, is to be attributed Yale's remarkable record of thirteen games won without losing a point,

152 APPENDIX.

among them those against the strong and heavy teams of Harvard and Princeton by scores of lo to o and 19 to o.

The Yale-Harvard game was played in Springfield, on Nov. 2ist. The day was warm and clear, and at least 20,000 people witnessed the game. Yale started with the ball, and scored a touch-down within three minutes and without once losing the ball. Harvard's play throughout the game was on the defensive, and in the second half Yale again scored a touch-down, from which a goal was kicked, making the final score 10 to o.

The Yale-Princeton game was played in New York, on Thanksgiving Day, before a crowd of 40,000 people. The day was a wet one, and neither side scored during the first half ; but Yale opened the second half by carrying the ball over Princeton's line without once losing possession of it, and followed this by rolling up a score of nineteen points to nothing.

A pleasant feature of the play this year was the absence of unnecessary roughness, not a man being disqualified or injured in either of the important games.

The Yale team consisted of :

T. L. McClung (Capt.), '92 ; G. F. Sanford, '94 S. ; W. W. Hefflefinger, P. G. ; S. N. Morison, '92 ; A. H. Wallis, '93 ; W. C. Winter, '93 S. ; J. A. Hartwell, M. S. ; F. A. Hinkey, '95 ; F. E. Barbour, '92 S. ; L. T. Bliss, '93 S. ; V. C. McCormick, '93 S.

The record of games played is as follows :

Yale vs. Wesleyan,	28-0
Yale vs. Crescent A. C,	26-0
Yale vs. Trinity,	36-0
Yale vs. Williams,	46-0
Yale vs. Stagg's Team,	28-0
Yale vs. Orange A. C,	36-0
Yale vs. Lehigh,	38-0
Yale vs. Crescent A. C,	70-0
Yale vs. Wesleyan,	76-0
Yale vs. Amherst,	27-0
Yale vs. University of Penns)']vania,	48-0
Yale vs. Harvard,	lO-O
Yale vs. Princeton,	19-0

488-0

APPENDIX. 153

The Yale Freshmen defeated the Harvard Freshmen, in New Haven, by a score of 24 to o.

In looking back at Yale's foot ball record since the sys- tem of scoring by points was introduced in 1883, it will be found that in these nine years Yale has scored 4,660 points to her opponents' 92. Of the nine games played during these years with Princeton, Yale has won seven, scoring 94 points to Princeton's 20. Of the seven games played with Harvard, Yale has won six, scoring 143 points to Harvard's 26. Yale has not during this time lost a game to any other College.

BASE BALL.

Owing to the refusal of the Harvard Graduate Advisory Committee on Athletics to ratify the agreement with Yale and Princeton entered into by Harvard's representatives, Yale did not play Harvard this year.

The series with Princeton consisted of three games, of which Yale won the first, played in New Haven, by a score of 4 to I, losing the return game, 5 to 3, and the final game, in New York, by a score of 5 to 2.

The Yale nine consisted of :

G. Calhoun (Capt.), '91 ; H. O. Bowers, '92; W. F. Poole, Jr., '91 ; T. L* McClung, '92 ; L. T. Bliss, '93 S. ; W. H. Murphy, '93 ; H. W. Gushing, '91 ; M. H. Beall, '93 S. ; G. B. Case, '94.

The record of games played is as follows : With Prince- ton,

May 23d, Yale vs. Princeton, at New Haven, June 6th, Yale vs. Princeton, at Princeton, June 13th, Yale vs. Princeton, at New York,

Other College games were :

April 14th, Yale vs. Williams,

April 15th, Yale vs. Williams,

April 20th, Yale vs. Columbia,

April 25th, Yale vs. Lehigh,

May 2d, Yale vs. Williams,

May 9th, Yale vs. Brown,

May 13th, Yale vs. Brown,

May 1 8th, Yale vs. Trinity,

May 26th, Yale vs. Univ. of Michigan,

	4-	■I
	3-	•5
	2-	•5
2-	9
6-	4
16-	2
13-	3
13-	0
7-	6
^V	7
7-	14
2-	0

154 APPENDIX.

May 27th, Yale vs. Amherst, 6- 3

May 30th, Yale vs. Univ. of Penn., 6- 2

June 3d, Yale vs. Amherst, 7- i

June 9th, Yale vs. Univ. of Penn., 7-11

June i6th, Yale vs. Univ. of Vermont, 5- 3

June 17th, Yale vs. Brown, 4- 5

June 23d, Yale vs. Univ. of Penn., -S- 5

The Yale Freshmen defeated the Harvard Freshmen in Cambridge, 16 to 13, but were beaten in New Haven by a score of 15 to 5.

TRACK ATHLETICS.

Yale and Harvard formed this year an Inter-University Track Athletic Association to compete for a Cup offered by graduates of the two Colleges. The object of the As- sociation was not to take the place of the Intercollegiate Association, but to develop better teams at Yale and Har- vard for the Intercollegiate Games, and to stimulate a wider interest in this branch of athletics. The events contested were the same as at the Intercollegiate Games, except that the tug-of-war was dropped.

The Yale-Harvard Games took place in Cambridge, on May i6th, in a drenching rain storm, which prevented the breaking of any records except that for throwing the hammer, in which event Finlay, of Harvard, threw 108 ft. 5 in. The games resulted in an easy victory for Harvard, who scored 85 points to Yale's 27 points. Yale suffered severely from the loss of C. H. Sherrill, who was expected to take the dashes, having won both events for the last three years at the Intercollegiate Games, but who strained a tendon in the first event.

The Intercollegiate Games were held at the Berkeley Oval, in New York, on May 30th, and resulted in an easy victory for Harvard. The meeting was a remarkably successful one, ten Intercollegiate records being broken. Cary, Princeton, lowered the records in the dashes to 10 sec. and 2 if sec. ; Shattuck, Amherst, lowered the quarter- mile record to 49}^ sec. ; CoUis, Columbia, walked a mile in 7 min. 5f sec. ; Williams, Yale, lowered the records in the two hurdle races to 15^ sec. (a world's record) and

APPENDIX.

155

251^ sec. ; Fearing, Harvard, cleared 6 ft. in the high jump, and V. Mapes, Columbia, 22 ft. iij^ in. in the broad jump; Ryder, Yale, raised the record in the pole vault to 10 ft. 9^ in. ; and Finlay, Harvard, threw the hammer 107 ft.

7y2 in. The results of the events in the Yale-Harvard Games

were :

100 yds., 220 yds., 440 yds., Half-mile run. One mile run, One mile walk, Two mile bicycle, 120 yds. hurdle, 220 yds. hurdle.

Running high jump, \

Running broad jump,

Pole vault, \

Putting the shot, Throwing the hammer,

Winner. Hawes, H., lof sec. Cook, H., 22f sec. Wright, H., 52 sec. White, H., 2 min. if sec. Nichols, H., 4 min. 35I sec. Hale, H., 7 min. I4f sec. Taylor, H., 6 min. 14 sec. Williams, Y., 16 sec. Lee, H., 25^ sec.

^™|H.,5f..8iin.

Williams, Y., 21 ft. i in. Briggs and Cartwright, Y., and Sherwin and Wheelwright, H., Finlay, H., 40 ft. Finlay, H,, 108 ft. 5 in.

Second. Sherrill, Y. Hawes, H. Mullins, H. Wright, Y. Ellsworth, Y. Endicott, H. Davis, H. Fearing, H. Fearing, H.

Bloss, H.

K tied at 9 ft. 6 in

Elcock, Y. Evins, H.

Third. Lasell, Y. Thompson, H. Jones, Y. Batchelder, H. Carr, H. Brackett, H. Hawes, H. Van Ingen, Y. Williams, Y.

Cheney, H.

Hale, H.

Evins, H. Elcock, Y.

Harvard — ii^ firsts, 9^ seconds, %\ thirds = 85 points. Yale — 2\ firsts, 4i seconds, si thirds = 27 points.

The results in the Intercollegiate Games were as follows :

100 yds., 220 yds., 440 yds., Half-mile run, One mile run. One mile walk. Two mile bicycle, 120 yds. hurdle, 220 yds. hurdle. Running high jump, Running broad jump, Pole vault. Putting the shot. Throwing the hammer, Tug-of-War,

Winner. Cary, P., 10 sec. Cary, P., 2i| sec. Shattuck, Amh., 49^ sec. Wright, Y., I min. 59^ sec. Carr, H., 4 min. 34! sec. CoUis, Col., 7 min. sf sec. Taylor, H., 6 min. isf sec. Williams, Y., isf sec. Williams, Y., 25^ sec. Fearing, H., 6 ft. V. Mapes, Col., 22 ft. iij^ in. Ryder, Y., 10 ft. 9I in. Finlay, H., 39 ft. 6f in. Finlay, H., 107 ft. 7i in. Columbia,

Second. Vredenburgh, P. Lee, H. Stead, H. Turner, P. Woodbridge, P. Ottley, P. Pratt, H. H. Mapes, Col. Fearing, H. Sherwin, H. Hale, H. Sherwin, H. Elcock, Y. Evins, H. Yale,

Third. Swain, P. Vredenburgh, P. Langdon, Col. Vosburgh, Col. Lowell, H. Endicott, H. Davis, H. Lyman, Y. Horton, Cornell Green, H. Green, H. Temple, Swarthm. Alexander, Amh. Jefferson, P. Princeton.

Points scored : Harvard, 46 Swarthmore, i ; Cornell, i.

Yale, 25 ; Princeton, 22 ; Columbia, 19 ; Amherst, 6

156 APPENDIX.

TENNIS.

The Intercollegiate Tournament was held in New Haven, on Oct. 13th and the following days. Harvard won first place both in Singles and Doubles.

F. H. Hovey, Harvard, defeated C. T. Lee, of the Uni- versity of Pennsylvania, in the finals of the Singles by a score of 6-4, 6-2, 6-2. Lee took second place.

In Doubles, Hovey and Wrenn, of Harvard, defeated in the finals, Lee and Wilson, of the University of Penn- sylvania, 6-3, 6-2, 6-1. Second place was taken by L. R. Parker and J. Howland, of Yale.

i8g2

ROWING.

The year opened with discouraging prospects for Yale. Only two members of the '91 crew were in college, while Harvard's victorious eight all returned (though only six old men finally rowed in the '92 boat). But the untiring efforts of the Yale captain, combined with plenty of good coaching by Mr. R. J. Cook and other graduates, pro- duced a crew which rowed so perfectly together, and had so thoroughly mastered the " Bob Cook " stroke, that it crossed the line in exceptionally fast time a good sixteen lengths ahead of Harvard's veteran eight.

The race was rowed on the afternoon of July ist, with conditions favorable for fast time. Harvard caught the water first, but was soon passed by Yale, who led at the half-mile flag by two lengths, and at the mile by four lengths. From this point on, the race was a procession, Yale'rowing 34 to 35 strokes per minute, and Harvard 36 to 37. The Yale shell crossed the line in 20 min. 48 sec, the fastest time made since the record crew of '88. Har- vard's time was 21 min. 425^ sec.

APPENDIX. 157

The crews were made up as follows :

Yale— Bow, F. A. Johnson, '94 S.; 2, A. J. Balliet, '92 ; 3, A. L. Van Huyck, '93 S.; 4, R. D. Paine, '94 ; 5, A. B. Graves, '92 S.; 6, J. A. Hartwell (Capt.), M. S.; 7, S. B. Ives, '93 ; Stroke, E. F. Gallaudet, '93 ; Cox., F. E. Olmstead, '94 S.

Harvard — Bow, M. Newell, '94 ; 2, N. Rantoul, '92 ; 3, B. G. Waters, '94 ; 4, R. Acton, M. S.; 5, C. K. Cummings, '93 ; 6, F. B. Winthrop, L. S.; 7, G. H. Kelton (Capt.), '93 ; Stroke, F. Lynam, M, S.; Cox., V. Thomas, '95.

Referee — George L. Rives (Columbia) and Cambridge, Eng.

Averages of the crews :

Yale — Age, 22 j^ years ; weight, 169 lbs.; height, 5 ft. 10^ in. Harvard — Age, 23^^ years ; weight, 177)^ lbs.; height, 5 ft. 11^ in.

On the morning of July ist the Yale Freshman crew defeated the Harvard and Columbia Freshmen, rowing the two miles in a heavy rain in 12 min. 3 sec, and finishing five lengths ahead of Columbia, who led Harvard by two lengths.

In comparing the statistics of the crews of the last five years with those of the twelve preceding years, since the series of four-mile races between Yale and Harvard was started, it appears that the Yale crews have averaged five months less in age, 2]^ lbs. more in weight, and yi in. more in height ; while the Harvard crews have averaged eight months older, nearly 4 lbs. heavier, and ly^ i^^- taller. The times made in the last five races average over a minute and a half faster than in the preceding twelve. Yale has now won ten out of the seventeen races of the series.

BASE BALL.

Yale played separate series with Harvard and Prince- ton this year. The Princeton series consisted of three games, the first two of which Yale won by scores of i to o (in New Haven) and 3 to i (in Princeton) ; the third game was entirely lacking in interest, the series having been already won by Yale, and Princeton defeated Yale in a poorly played game, by a score of 12 to 2.

In the series with Harvard no result w^as reached, as Yale and Harvard each won one game, and the date for a third game could not be agreed upon.

158 APPENDIX.

The Yale nine consisted of :

W. H. Murphy (Capt.), '93 ; H. O. Bowers, '92 ; W. F. Carter, '95 ; H. T. Jackson, '92 S.; W. Norton, L. S.; A. F. Harvey, '93 ; L. T. Bliss, '93 S.; M. H. Beall. '93 S.; G. B. Case, '94.

The record of games played is as follows : with Har- vard,

June 23d, Yale vs. Harvard, at Cambridge, 0-5

June 28th, Yale vs. Harvard, at New Haven, 4-3

With Princeton,

May 23d, Yale vs. Princeton, at New Haven, i- o June nth, Yale vs. Princeton, at Princeton, 3- i

June i8th, Yale vs. Princeton, at New York, 2-12

Other College games were :

April I2th, Yale vs. Williams, 17- 3

April 14th, Yale vs. Fordham, 8- 5

April i6th, Yale vs. University of Penn., 2- 6

April i8th, Yale vs. University of Penn., 6- 4

April 30th, Yale vs. Williams, 9- 8

May 2d, Yale vs. Brown, 2- o

May 4th, Yale vs. Holy Cross, 6-1 1

May 5th, Yale vs. Cornell, 5- i

May 7th, Yale vs. Amherst, 8-12

May 9th, Yale vs. Holy Cross, 6- 7

May 14th, Yale vs. Amherst, 9- 4

May i6th, Yale vs. Brown, 2- 7 May 26th, Yale vs. University of Michigan, 2- 3

June 4th, Yale vs. Wesleyan, 9- o

June 6th, Yale vs. University of Penn., 5- i

The Yale Freshmen defeated the Harvard Freshmen in Cambridge, 13 to 2, but lost the return game, in New Haven, 9 to 10.

TRACK ATHLETICS.

The Yale-Harvard Games were held in New Haven, on May 20th. The day was cold and disagreeable, and the heavy track prevented any remarkable performances. Harvard won by a score of 61 points to 51.

The Intercollegiate Games were held on Manhattan Field, New York, on May 28th. Though the perform- ances were uniformly good, the long and tedious delays took away from the interest of the games. The tug-of- war was dropped from the list of events. Borcherling,

APPENDIX.

159

Princeton, lowered the record in the mile walk to 6 min. 52f sec; and Fearing, Harvard, cleared 6 ft. J^ in. in the high jump. Kitchell, of Yale, established a new Yale record in this event by clearing 5 ft. 10 in. Harvard won the cup with a total of 48^ points, Yale coming second with 38 points.

The results of the events in the Yale-Harvard Games

were :

100 yds., 220 yds., 440 yds., Half-mile run. One mile run,

One mile walk,

Winner. Swayne, Y., lo^ sec; Swayne, Y., 22f sec; Sanford, Y., 52! sec; Corbin, H., 2 min. i:^ sec; Lowell, H., 4 min. 37 sec; Bardeen, H., ) (dead heat) Endicott, H., ) 7 min. 4i|- sec; P. Davis, H., 6 min. 5^ sec; Lyman, Y., i6f sec; Fearing, H., 25! sec; Fearing, H., 5 ft. iif in.; Shead, H., 21 ft. 3! in.; Cartwright, Y., 10 ft.; Lyman, Y., 38 ft. 3f in.;

100 ft. 8i- in.;

Second. Allen, Y., Allen, Y., Pinkham, H., Wright, Y., Collamore, H.

Two mile bicycle, P. Davis, H., 6 min. 5^ sec; Wade, Y.,

120 yds. hurdle, Lyman, Y., i6f sec; Fearing, H.,

220 yds. hurdle, Fearing, H., 25! sec; Eaton, Y.,

Running high jump. Fearing, H., 5 ft. iif in.; Green, H.,

Running broad jump, Shead, H., 21 ft. 3f in.; Green, H.,

Pole vault, Cartwright, Y., 10 ft.; Hart, Y.,

Putting the shot, Lyman, Y., 38 ft. 3f in.; Evins, H.,

Throwing the hammer, Stillman, Y., 100 ft. 8|- in.; Evins, H.,

Harvard — 7 firsts, 8 seconds, 10 thirds = 61 points.

Yale — 7 firsts, 6 seconds, 4 thirds = 51 points.

Third. Brown, H. Thompson, H. Wright, H. Batchelder, H. Scoville, Y.

Norton. H.

R. H. Davis, H. Shead, H. Duane, H. Sherwin, H. Goss, Y. Wheelwright, H. Stillman, Y. Coxe, Y.

The results of the eventsin the Intercollegiate Games were

100 yds., 220 yds., 440 yds.. Half-mile run, One mile run, One mile walk. Two mile bicycle, 120 yds. hurdle, 220 yds. hurdle. Running high jump. Running broad jump,

Pole vault,

Winner. Second.

Swayne, Y., 10^ sec; Allen, Y.,

Swayne, Y., 22 sec; Allen, Y.,

Wright, H., 50I sec; Merrill, H.,

Turner, P., i min. 59! sec. Corbin, H.,

Lowell, H., 4 min. 33! sec; Carr, H,, Borcherling, P., 6 min. 52^ sec; Collis, Col.,

Fox, Y., 6 min. lof sec; Brewster, Y.,

Harding, Col., 16 sec; Lyman, Y.,

Fearing, H., 25I sec; Harding, Col.

Fearing, H., 6 ft. ^ in.; Green, H.,

Bloss, H., 22 ft. i^ in.; Ramsdell, P.,

Cartwright, Y., 10 ft. si in.; Hart, Y.,

N. Y.

Putting the shot, Evins, H., 39 ft. 9 in.; Lyman, Y.,

Throwing the hammer, Evins, H., 104 ft. f in.; Stillman, Y.,

Points scored : Harvard, 48! ; Yale, 38 ; Princeton, 14 ; Columbia, City of New York, i ; Williams, ^.

Third. Craft, C. C. Brown, H. Sanford, Y. Wright, Y. Collamore, H. Bardeen, H. Knapp, Col. Fearing, H. Eaton, Y. Kitchell, Y. Green, H. Towne, Williams. Wheelwright, H. Sherwin, H. Beveridge, P. Wheeler, P. 10 ; College of the

198031

i6o

APPENDIX.

TABLE OF CHAMPIONSHIPS, 1888-1892.

	Rowing.	Foot Ball.	Base Ball.	Track Athletics.	Tennis.
1888	Yale.	Yale.	Yale.	Harvard.	j Columbia, t Harvard.
1889	Yale.	Princeton.	Yale.	Yale.	Yale.
1890	Yale.	Yale.*	Yale.	Harvard.	Harvard.
I89I	Harvard.	Yale.	Princeton.	Harvard.	Harvard.
1892	Yale.			Harvard.

* Harvard, who was not a member of the Foot Ball Association, defeated Yale 12-6.

Summary, /<?7^/<?9^— Rowing: Yale, lO; Harvard, 7. Foot Ball : Yale, 7 ; Princeton, 3 ; Harvard (virtually, 1890), i. Base Ball : Yale, 10 ; Har- vard, I ; Princeton, i. Track Athletics : Yale, 2 ; Harvard, 11 ; Columbia, 3 ; Princeton, i. Tennis: Yale, 4 ; Harvard, 5 ; Columbia, i ; Trinity, i.