HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED PLATES OF TERTIARY MAMMALIA AND PERMIAN VERTEBRATA Prepared under the Direction of EDWARD DRINKER COPE for the : U.S. Geological Survey of the Territories with Descriptions of Plates by WILLIAM DILLER MATTHEW ( PUBLISHED AND DISTRIBUTED WITH THE COOPERATION OF T UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY MONOGRAPH SERIES NUMBER 2 PrREFATORY NOTE. The accompanying plates were prepared and printed by the United States Govern- ment for the Report on Tertiary Vertebrata by E. D. Cope, forming Volumes III and IV of the final report of the Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, F. V. Hayden in charge. , The first part of this Report (Volume III), treating of the Eocene and a part of the Oligocene vertebrates was completed and published in 1885. The second part, treating of the remainder of the Oligocene and all the Miocene vertebrates, was never completed. A large number, but not all, of the plates for this part were pre- pared and printed, together with seven plates for a contemplated report on Permian Vertebrata. : A The specimens illustrated are contained in the Cope Collection, purchased by the American Museum of Natural History. The ownership of certain parts of the collec- tion having been satisfactorily adjusted it seemed proper that the plates should be distributed for the benefit of palzontologists, jointly by the United States Geological Survey and the American Museum of Natural History. The plate descriptions were prepared and the plates bound and distributed by the latter institution. Illustrations of many of the specimens here figured, copied from these plates, have been published by Professor Cope, chiefly in the American Naturalist of 1880-1888. The nomenclature and identification of the material has been materially changed since 1880-1883 when the illustrations were made, and it has been thought advisable to give in the plate descriptions both Cope’s identifications and the revision now current (1915). No text is known to have been prepared by the author, but the substance of his views and interpretations of the later Tertiary vertebrates of Western America may be found in his numerous publications dealing with fossil mammals, chiefly in the American Naturalist, and Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, between 1880 and 1892, also in Bulletins and Annual Reports of the U. S. Geol. Geog. Sur. Territories, 1872-1882 and the Texas Geological Survey Reports, 1891-1893. A number of plates illustrating the Brontotheriide of the Oligocene of Colorado are included in the Monograph of that family by Henry Fairfield Osborn, and are omitted from the present series. ‘ SCHEDULE OF PLATES. Permian Vertebrata. ‘Twelve plates; Nos. 1, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, 16a, 19, 22. Oligocene Ungulata. Fifteen plates; Nos. 102, 104, 105, 108, 109, 109a, 110, 110a, iil, WY, tes, Ws, I, ble, ING. Miocene Carnivora and Rodentia. Seven plates; Nos. 118, 118a, 118b, 119, 119a, 119b, 119c. Miocene Proboscidea. Five plates; Nos. 120, 121, 122, 123, 124. Miocene Rhinoceroses. Twenty plates; Nos. 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 186, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 144b. Miocene Equide. Seven plates; Nos. 145, 147, 148, 148a, 149, 150, 151. Miocene Camelide. Two plates; Nos. 153, 154, i ye ee oe eP ‘N ' , eee Nf FF ' jiey Oke RAI Rs Abs 25 uf Eas ern shee : os tein Pipe bs cooly kt bl : i lk shoe fe me CR caed : ie i aa iS ‘ i aden’ oe shame ath: at ai bios te ot 7 ene oe folios! Ry mbes ce eae ‘ : in, * gets i rey i ee ree er. oS gene | aus ae er ei seth pie PLATE 1. PERMIAN VERTEBRATA. MEGALICHTHYS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Ectosteorhachis nitidus Megalichthys (= Palzobatrachus) nitidus Fies. 1-3. Megalichthys nitidus (Cope 1880). Type specimen, two-thirds natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 7239, Cope Coll. Wichita basin, Texas. Fig. 1, ventral view of head and fore part of trunk; fig. 2, 2a, 2b, dorsal, lateral and anterior views of head. (Fig. 4 is not identified). ITORES. au US. GEOLOGIGAL SURVEY OF T il pe T Sinclair: & Son, Lith. P: ACHIS NITIDUS %. ECTOSTEOR PLATE. Ill. PERMIAN VERTEBRATA VERTEBRATE REMAINS FROM VERMILLION Co., ILLINOIS Nomenclature Cope, 1880-3 Revised, 1915 Orthacanthus quadriseriatus Pleuracanthus quadriseriatus Diplodus compressus Diacranodus texensis Ctenodus pusillus Gnathorhiza pusilla a gurleyanus Sagenodus fossatus - fossatus s fossatus Ceratodus paucicristatus ms paucicristatus “ vinslovii 4 vinslovii Peplorhina arctata Spherolepis arctata Janassa strigilina Janassa strigilina “ gurleiana “ gurleiana Archeobelus vellicatus Archeobelus vellicatus Cricotus heteroclitus - Cricotus heteroclitus Lysorophus tricarinatus Lysorophus tricarinatus Diplocaulus salamandroides Diplocaulus salamandroides Fies. 1-50. Vertebrate remains from the Permian bone bed of Vermillion County Illinois. This fauna described by Professor Cope in 1877 was the first Permian fauna found in North America, and contains the genotypes of many of the genera later described from better material in Texas and New Mexico. The collection is the property of the Walker Museum of the University of Chicago, and has been redescribed by Dr. E. C. Case (1900) in the Journal of Geology, Vol. VIII, pp. 698-729, with five plates of figures. The revised nomenclature is auct. Case and Hussakof 1911. Fies. 1, la. Pleuracanthus quadriseriatus (Cope, 1877). Fragment of head spine, X 2. Type specimen; No. 6502, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900} pl. i, fig. 3). Fras. 2-4. Diacranodus texensis (Cope, 1890). Teeth, No. 6504, Walker Mus., referred by Cope to Diplodus (Didymodus) compressus Newberry. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 5; I am unable to state the enlargement, as Dr. Case does not give it in his figure, nor have measurements been published). Fic. 5. Spherolepis arctata (Cope, 1877). Dentigerous plate, x 3. Type specimen No. 6511, Walker Museum. (Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxxi, fig. 2). Fia. 6, 6a, 6b, 6c. Gnathorhiza pusilla (Cope, 1877). Right palatal plate, x 2, type specimen, No. 6508, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 9; Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxvii, fig. 10). Fie. 7, 7a, 7b. Sagenodus fossatus (Cope, 1877). Upper dental plate, natural size, No. 6509, Walker Mus., type of Ctenodus gurleyanus Cope, 1877. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 8; Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxvi, fig. 9). Fia. 8, 8a, 8b, 8c. Sagenodus fossatus (Cope, 1877). Imperfect left mandibular plate, immature, about # natural size. Type specimen, No. 6506, Walker Museum. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 10; Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxvi, fig. 8). Fig. 9, 9a, 9b, 9c. Sagenodus pancicristatus Cope, 1877. Imperfect dental plate, natural size, Type specimen, No. 6505 Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 11; Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxvii, fig. 4). — id ~ p— = ), 10a, 10b, 10e. Sagenodus vinslovii (Cope, 1875). Incomplete left palatal plate, natural size, Type specimen, No. 6507 Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 6; Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxvii, fig. 7). Pig. 11, lla, 11b. Janassa strigilina Cope, 1881. Tooth probably of median series, twice natural size. Type specimen, No. 6500 Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. 1, fig. 1; Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxvi, fig. 1). Pig, 12, 12a, 12b. Janassa gurleiana Cope, 1878. Small tooth, lacking the root, twice natural size. Type specimen, No. 6501, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 2; Hussakof, 1911, pl. xxvi, fig. 2). Pic. 13, 18a, 18b, 18e. Archeobelus vellicatus Cope, 1877. Jaw fragment with tooth, about natural size. Type specimen, No. 6524, Walker Mus. liq. 14, 14a. Undetermined jaw fragment, ‘Species two” of Cope, 1877, auct. Case (agrees better with ‘“‘species one’’ of Cope’s description), natural size and enlarged to 4. No. 6567, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. v, fig. 12). Fig. 14b, tooth, undet. Fic. 15, 16. Cricotus heteroclitus Cope, 1875. Two intercentra, ? types of C. discophorus Cope, 1877, natural size, Walker Mus., ? No. 6518. (Case, 1900, pl.i, figs. 13-14). Fie. 17, 17a, 17b. Cricotus gibsoni Cope, 1877. Supposed caudal vertebra, natural size. Type specimen, No. 6521, Walker Mus. Case, 1900, pl. i, fig. 15. Fie. 18. ? Diplocaulus, fragment of sculptured plate. Fies. 19-20. Lysorophus tricarinatus Cope, 1877. Two vertebral centra, twice natural size. Typical specimens. No. 6526-8, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. ii, fig. 12). Fres. 21-28. Diplocaulus salamandroides Cope, 1877. Vertebre, about $ natural size. Typical specimens, Nos. 6513-6, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. v, fig. 17). Fic. 24. Unidentified jaw fragment “Species one” of Cope, 1877, auct. Case (agrees better with “species two”’ of Cope’s description). No. 6567, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. v, fig. 12). Probably enlarged, but as Cope gives no measurements and Case does specify the enlargement on his figure I can not determine how much. Fie. 25. Unidentified. Fig. 26, 26a, 26b. Clepsydrops ? pedunculatus Cope, 1877. Humerus, lacking distal end. Half natural size. No. 6542, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. iu, fig. 5; reference auct. Case). Fic. 27. Unidentified: Fig. 28. Unidentified vertebra. Fie. 29. intercentrum. Fries. 30-35. Pelycosaurian carpal and tarsal bones, unidentified, probably Clepsydrops. No. 6559, Walker Mus. (Case, 1900, pl. v, figs. 18-21.) Enlargement not determined. Fies. 37-47. Clepsydrops metapodials and phalanges. Enlargement not determined. Nos. 6563-5, Walker Mus. (Case 1900, pl. v, figs. 3-10). Fies. 48-49. ? Podial bones of Pelycosaurians. Fie. 50. Coprolite. No. 6574, Walker Mus. U S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. TAC), Jb T. Sinclair & Son Lith. Philada I=4 SHLACHII, CO DIINO aia JIANASSA 18 ARGHANOBELUS, 14-17 STHGOCEPHALI lQSA0 PnGoOROLEUS. V2i—23, DIPMOCAULUS A4—49) THE ROMORPHA URS, ee xi PLATE VIL. PERMIAN VERTEBRATES. 'TRIMERORHACHIS Fie. 1, la. Trimerorhachis insignis Cope, 1878. Skull, superior and inferior views, natural size. Metatype, Amer. Mus. No. 4557, Cope Coll., Permian, Wichita basin, Texas, Fics. 2, 2a, 3. ?Trimerorhachis, not identified. VIL PL ATE AL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. OLOGIG GE HS, € T Fhiaaa a 4 yy ORHACHIS R 1 a] TRIME oH \ 2 A m Ee PEATE Vil) _ Permian VERTEBRATA. TRIMERORHACHIS Fics. 1-11. Trimerorhachis insignis Cope, 1878. Occiput, jaws, vertebre and limb bones, Bn : natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus., No. 4565, Cope Coll. Lower Per- mian, Wichita Basin, Texas. Gen é GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORES. 1 L. EA Ortcd. ba ob a Pew Paras we ann T. Sinclair & Son Jjith Philada WRIMBRORHACHIS~AINSIGNIS. COPE 44. PLATE X. = Permian VERTEBRATA. ERyYops ee ee a Eryops megacephalus Cope, 1878. ‘Complete skull, superior view, four-sevenths natural size, ; ; Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 4189, Cope Coll. Lower Permian, Wichita basin, Texas. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. PLA, Oe T.S nclair 4 Gon With. Philada BRYORS MEGACHPRALUS., CGCRia, 77, PLATE (XL PERMIAN VERTEBRATA. SKULL OF ERYOPS Fies. 1-2. Hryops megacephalus Cope, 1878, side view of skull and lower jaw and under view of lower jaw, four sevenths natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus., No. 4189, Cope Coll. Lower Permian, Wichita basin, Texas. PLATE XI | TERRITORIES. US. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF T. Sinclair & Son Lith. Philada 4/4, COPE IED OIR S - Mls; GANG Ia PF 1aLAILiU) S, PLATE XI. PERMIAN VERTEBRATA. JAWS AND VERTEBRZ OF ERYOPS Fies. 1-9. Hryops megacephalus Cope, 1878. Lower jaw and vertebre, Amer. Mus. No. 4183, Cope Coll., from Lower Permian, Wichita Co., Texas. Specimens figured on Pl. xii. Fig. 1, 1a, lower jaw, 2 natural size; fig. 2, 2a, cervical 3, 3a, dorsal, 4, 4a, sacral, and 5, 5a, caudal vertebre all # natural size; fig. 6, anterior vertebra, natural size; fig. 7 posterior dorsal vertebra, natural size;\figs. 8-10 not identified. H40D SO IVHEAHOVSEAN SidOAUE TY YLT at SHIMOLRREEL GEL 40: ASAE We noes mye PLATE XIE. PERMIAN VERTEBRATA. LIMB BONES OF ERYOPS ; 4 Fies. 1-6. Eryops megacephalus Cope, 1878. Scapula pelvis and femur, all two fifths aes ee ok ae size. Amer. Mus. No. 4183, Cope Coll., figured on pl. xii. i Fig. 1, la. Scapula-coracoid, inner and outer views of lower portion; fig. | 2-5, pelvis, outer, anterior, posterior and inferior views; fig. 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, femur, external anterior, posterior, proximal and distal views. IRIE TERRI TC ry) ia (Ole” el LX a dlc, [RV (fei rep) ‘ ICAL GEOLOGIC U), 2/5. GAGHPHALUS. E> Es IGOIRS — IMA Te Riad jae 1% ae Baha. meijagel : cenit te nat Lhe 33 een A Sete PLATE XVI. PERMIAN VERTEBRATES. SKELETON OF CRICOTUS Figs. 1, 2 & 8, and probably 3-7 and 9. Cricotus crassidiscus, portions of skeleton, natural size. Am. Mus. No. 4550a, Cope Coll., Lower Permian, North Fork of Little Wichita River, Texas. Fig. 1, neck and anterior part of trunk; fig. 2, posterior part of trunk to anterior part of tail; fig. 3, middle portion of tail. The remaining figures are probably of this individual, but I am unable positively to identify them. ‘The specimen has been much more thoroughly pieced together since it was acquired by the American Museum, being in fact a nearly complete articu- lated skeleton, lacking only the distal parts of limbs and feet. With it was associated a second skeleton, lacking the skull and jaws, but otherwise almost as complete as the other. Professor Cope appears to have considered both as portions of a single skeleton. U.S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES T Sinclair é Son Tith Philada GRICOTUS x. PLATE XVIa. PERMIAN VERTEBRATES. SKULL AND VENTRAL ARMOR OF CriIcotTus Cricotus crassidiscus. Cope, 1884. Portion of ventral size. Co-type. Am. Mus. No. 4550, Cope Coll. Fie. 2. Cricotus crassidiscus Cope, 1884. Skull and lower Co-type (lectotype) No. 4550a, figured on IniKek, Ty armor, pelvic region, natural jaws, top and side views, natural size, pl. xvi. US. GEOLOGICAL SURV BY OF TER PRRITORIES. i. Smelair & Son, Lath. Philadal, CGRICOTUS. ek i ais) Ran hia ity ie PEATE xt PERMIAN VERTEBRATES. SKULL OF DIADECTES Nomenclature . Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Empedocles molaris Diadectes molaris Fias. 1-4. Diadectes molaris Cope, 1878. Skull, natural size, Amer. Mus. No. 4350, Cope Coll. Lower Permian, Little Wichita R., Texas. Fig. 1, palatal view restored; fig. 2, side view, missing parts in outline; fig. 3, occipital view, missing parts in outline; fig. 4, premaxille, anterior view; fig. 5, crown view of upper teeth. Figs. 5-6. Diadectes ? fissus (Cope, 1883). Upper and part of lower jaw, natural size, ? No. 4348, Cope Coll., Lower Permian, Wichita Basin, Texas. Se . PLATE XIX T. Sinclair & Son, Jjith Philada HVS DO Cit S MOnARES. C@L Er AA 7 oe SIUNF { wise SSS Sr PLATE XXIL. PERMIAN VERTEBRATES. SKELETON OF DIMETRODON Figs. 1-11. Dimetrodon incisivus Cope. Parts of skull and vertebra, two-fifths natural size (except figs. 8-9). Amer. Mus. No. 4008, Cope Coll. Lower Permian, North Fork of Little Wichita River, Texas. Fig. 1, la. Front of skull, with fragment of lower jaw attached, fig. 2, 2a, 2b, quadrate; figs. 3-5, vertebral column, axis to second caudal complete, spines mostly broken off; figs. 6, 7, anterior and posterior views of anterior dorsal vertebra (14th of this series); figs. 8, 9, posterior view of posterior dorsal and anterior view of sacral vertebra, both natural size; figs. 10, 10a, caudal vertebra; fig. 11, mass of vertebral spines with head of rib attached. U.S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES PLATE XXIL T Sinclair & Son, Lith Philada DIME TROD ON INCISIVUS % | | fe I | } aE 3 ean erete, FE. 2S So ES ee ale a 2 fae a: PLATE CII. OLIGOCENE RHINOCEROSES. HyRACODON Fies. 1-11. Hyracodon arcidens Cope, 1873. Typespecimen. Amer. Mus. No. 6309, Cope Coll., Cedar Creek beds (Oreodon zone) of Logan Co., Colorado. All figures two fifths nature. Fig. 1, palate and lower jaws, left side; fig. 2, palatal view of palate; fig. 3, occiput, posterior and right side views; fig. 4, superior view of lower jaws; fig. 5, fragment unidentified; fig. 6, atlas, inferior view; fig. 7, 7a, 7b, axis, lateral superior and inferior views; 8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, middle cervical vertebra, lateral, superior, inferior, anterior and posterior views; 9, 9b, 9c, 9d, correspond- ing views of first dorsal; 10, 11, anterior dorsals. Tb AI CII 15 THR TERRITORIES i US, GROMOGICAL AS nL: tiie T. Sinclair & Son Lith. Philada INC EMAC CIDIOIN, AIRC INBIEIN|S; (COI, 2/5), pS ues baa PLATE. -Cly. Lims BongEs oF OLIGOCENE RHINOCEROSES Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Aceratherium occidentale Cenopus (= Subhyracodon) mitis Aceratherium pacificum Diceratherium pacificum Fias. 1-2. Canopus mitis (Cope, 1874). Femur tibia and fibula, part of type specimen figured onpl.cv. Amer. Mus. No. 6325, Cope Coll., Horsetail Creek beds (Titanotherium zone), Logan Co., Colorado. 3 Fias. 3-4. Diceratherium pacificum (Leidy, 1871). Femur and tibia with foot bones figured on pl.cv. Amer. Mus. No. 7340, Cope Coll., John Day formation of Oregon. All figures are two-fifths natural size. Vv Ph aan Son, Lit melas iS) WE, Be 7 FREESE AES f TIO I. tte O O 2 TORI =) AC RI] Ip ERI fa) 1 T URVE 2, AGIAN S Ji 7 A IC G OLO zie) U.S. PLATE CV. Foot Bonres oF OLIGOCENE RHINOCEROSES Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Aceratherium mite Cenopus (= Subhyracodon) mitis Diceratherium pacificum Diceratherium pacificum Fias. 1-5. Canopus mitis (Cope, 1874). Limb and foot bones of type specimen, Am. Mus. No. 6325, Cope Coll., Lower Oligocene, Horsetail Creek beds, Logan Co., Colorado. See pl. civ. Figs. 6-18. Diceratherium ‘pacificum. Hind limb and foot bones. Am. Mus. No. 7340, Cope Coll., Upper Oligocene, John Day formation of Oregon. Y OF. THE TERRITORIES JP I AN, SG) mea T. Sinclaiv —18. DICERATHERIUM PACIFICUM %. 1-4, ACHRATHE RIUM MITE *%. a i " oe PLATE CVIIL OLIGOCENE Eaquipa. ‘‘ ANCHITHERIUM”’ Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Anchitherium prestans Kalobatippus prestans Fics. 1-8. Kalobatippus prestans (Cope, 1879). Skull, jaws, hind foot and part of hind leg, one-half natural size, except fig. 8. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7269, Cope Coll., Upper Bed of John Day formation, Oregon. Fig. 1, side view of skull and jaws, 1a, palatal view of skull; fig. 2, superior view of lower jaw; fig. 3, 3a, distal end of femur, distal and external views; fig. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, tibia, anterior, external, proximal and distal views; fig. 5a, proximal view of cuneiforms; fig. 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, metatarsus, internal, anterior, proximal and distal views; fig. 7, 7a, second phalanx of median digit, anterior and internal views; fig. 8, lateral ungual phalanx, natural size, all the preceding figures being one-half nature. Kalobatippus gen. nov. Osborn. Upper molars with metaloph united to ectoloph as in Anchi- theriwm, but m* and heel of m; unreduced and hke Miohippus in pattern. Limb bones and metapodials much elongated, lateral digits unreduced from Miohippus stage; phalanges short; inner cuneiform of pes abutting upon cannon-bone. US, GEOLOGICAL ‘SURVEY OF TEE T. Sinclar & Son Lith Philada a 4 » on Hy = 4 ae ies {ERIUM PRABSTANS ¥ PLATE CIX. OLIGOCENE ENTELODONTS. JAW OF PELONAX Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Elotherium ramosum Pelonax ramosus Fies. 1-2. Pelonax ramosus (Cope, 1874). Lower jaw, side and top views, one-third natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 6393, Cope Coll. Upper Oreodon or Leptauchenia zone, Cedar Creek beds, N.-E. Colorado. Fic. 3, unidentified. CIX: PLATE LS), aa) U.S. GEOLOGIGAL SURVEY OF THE TE i T. Sinclair & Son, ith. Philada ELOTHERIUM RAMOSUM %. PLATE ClXa. OLIGOCENE PECCARIES AND ENTELODONTS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Elotherium ramosum Pelonax ramosus Elotherium imperator Entelodon imperator Thinohyus pristinus Perchcerus pristinus Fie. 1. Pelonax ramosus (Cope, 1874). Lower jaw, anterior view, one third natural size. Type specimen figured on Pl. cix. Fig. 2, 2a, 2b. Entelodon imperator (Leidy, 1873). Anterior end of lower jaw, superior, in- ferior and anterior views, one-third natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 7881, Cope Coll. John Day formation; Camp Creek, John Day Valley, Oregon. Fies. 3-8. Bodcherus humerosus Cope, 1879. Parts of type skeleton, figured on pl. cx. Fig. 3, fore foot, external; fig. 4, proximal view of metacarpus; fig. 6, 6a, proximal phalanx, proximal and distal views; fig. 7, 7a, second phalanx, same views; fig. 8, proximal view of tibia. All one-third natural size. Fic. 9, 9a. Percherus pristinus Leidy, 1873. Skull, lateral and palatal views, three-fifths natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 7394, Cope Coll., from the John Day formation of Oregon. CiXa. PLATE = iS. a ARITOR S/ (Ole) Wales 1 oT al RV. OLOGICAL SU —, G Baar, Ul S, €l EI Bahia T Sinclair & Son Lith.Philada 5, S INU. Sau US FIR © IWEMINOENG Ya SJ le IMP la ecevOurt a Siw 7, RAINS) BLOTHERIUN al i q a Bn PLATE CX. Lims Bones or BoécHa@RuUS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Boéchcerus humerosus = ? Deodon humerosus Fies. 1-5. Bodcherus (= ? Deodon) humerosus Cope, 1879. Type specimen. No. 7380, Amer. Mus. Cope Coll. From Upper Oligocene, John Day formation, upper bed, John Day Valley, Oregon. One-third natural size. Fig. 1, la, 1b, 1c, humerus, posterior, anterior, proximal and distal views. Fig. 2, 2a, 2b, distal end of radius, anterior, distal and posterior views. Fig. 3, 3a, 3c, carpus, dorsal, proximal and internal views. Fig. 4, 4c, manus, dorsal and internal views. Fig. 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, femur, posterior, anterior, proximal and distal views. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES PLATE CX ‘T Binelair & Son Dith Philada BLOTHERIUM ¥%. PLATE CxXa. SKULLS OF JoHN Day DicoTyLip”& Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised, 1913 Paleochcerus subzequans Perchcerus subeequans Paleeochcerus trichenus Perchcerus trichenus Cheenohyus decedens Cheenohyus decedens Fig. 1. Percherus subequans (Cope) 1879. Skull and lower jaw. Type specimen, Condon Coll., University of Oregon. Three-fourths natural size. Fie. 2. Percherus trichenus (Cope) 1879. Upper jaw of type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7390, Cope Coll., John Day formation, Oregon. Three-fourths natural size. Fic. 3. Chenohyus decedens Cope 1879. Upper jaw of type specimen, Condon Coll., University of Oregon. Natural size. TERRITORES. 1 aly CLOGICAL SURVEY OF TH q ios G Wise T Sinclair & Son, Lith. Philada 7A 2 2 DTRICHAHNUS % 38°C DECE DENS 1 PALAROCHOERUS SUBAHQUANS % Baa aye rit an PEATE CXI. JoHN Day DIcOTYLINES AND OREODONTS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Cheenohyus decedens Cheenohyus“decedens Paleochcerus pristinus Percheerus pristinus Palzocheerus socialis Perchcerus socialis Coloreodon ryderanus Agriochcerus ryderanus Fig. 1, la. Chenohyus decedens Cope, 1879. Side and top views of anterior half of skull. Type specimen, Condon Coll., University of Oregon. See pl. CXa, fig. 8. Natural size. Fig. 2. Percherus pristinus (Leidy 1873). Lower jaw, Am. Mus. No. 7392, Cope Coll. Natural size. Fig. 3. Percherus socialis (Marsh, 1875). Lower jaw, Am. Mus. No. 7393, Cope Coll. Natural size. Fie. 4. Agriocherus ryderanus (Cope, 1881). Skull, type specimen, Am. Mus. No. 7407, Cope Coll. side view, natural size. Figs. 4a, 4b, superior and inferior views, three- fourths natural size. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE THRAITORIES CHABNOHYUS DECHDENS 2 S ©, SOCLALIS T. Sinclair & Son, Jjith, Philada. - PALAB OCHOHRRUS PRISTINUS “% ”% 4 QOLORHO! DOIN JRA DE RIANUIS! 4% a AND b 34 Sa bs PLATE CXIL OLIGOCENE OREODONTS. SKULL OF AGRIOCHGRUS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1913 Agriocheerus guiotianus Agriochcerus guyotianus Fics. 1-2. Agriocherus guyotianus (Cope, 1873). Skull and jaws, lateral, inferior and posterior views, natural size. Specimen figured on pl. cxiii. Amer. Mus. No. 7402, Cope Coll., John Day formation of Oregon. PLATE CXIL URVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. IAL, a s US. GEOLOGI 4 sane Son, Dith Philada inclair &§ T.S OPE % C GUIOTIANUS AGRIOCHOERUS crane na Fies. 1-2. Frias. 3-4. PLATE CXIIL. OLIGOCENE OREODONTS. SKULLS OF AGRIOCH@RUS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Agriocheerus guyotianus Agriochcerus guyotianus Coloreodon macrocephalus Agriochcerus macrocephalus Agriocherus guyotianus (Cope, 1878). Skull and jaws, superior and anterior views, natural size. Specimen figured on pl. exii. Amer. Mus. No. 7402, Cope Coll., John Day formation of Oregon. - Agriocherus macrocephalus (Cope, 1884). Skull, superior and palatal views, natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7412, Cope Coll., John Day formation of Oregon. ORES, PLATE CXIi T. Sinclair & Son Jjith.Philada ROCHPHALUS %. OBES CUIOVANUS ZA. S=-A COLOEIZODOIN IMVNC! PLATE CXllla. OLIGOCENE OREODONTS. SKULL OF AGRIOCHG@RUS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Coloreodon ferox Agriochoerus ferox Fies. 1-3. Agriocherus ferox (Cope, 1879). Skull, lateral, palatal and superior views, natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7413, Cope Coll., John Day formation, North Fork of John Day River, Oregon. Jaca Queenie amir = Sinclair & Son Lith Plu PEATE Gx Wuitr RivER CAMELIDZ. SKULL AND SKELETON OF PO#BROTHERIUM. Figs. 1-13. Poébrotherium labiatum Cope, 1881. Skull, lower jaw and cervical and dorsal vertebra of type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 6520, Cope Coll. From Cedar Creek beds (Oreodon zone) of White River formation, head of Cedar Creek, Logan Co., Colorado. Three-fifths natural size. EY OF THE TERRITORIES T Sinclair & Son Lith. Philada IP QUIS el MO ISO IanO ILYAIS) | NODULE, 2% fs Hh a ee i) | k 4 4 } t | real iM a es ing eatin ee PLATE CXVa. Waitt RIveR CAMELIDZ. SKELETON OF POKBROTHERIUM Fics. 1-12. Poébrotherium labiatum Cope, 1881. Limb bones, hind foot and vertebre of type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 6520, Cope Coll. Cedar Creek beds, White River formation, northeastern Colorado. ‘Three-fifths natural size. See Pl. CXV. Fies. 13-21. Poébrotherium wilsoni Leidy, 1847. Lower jaw, limb bones, fore-foot, and verte- bre of Amer. Mus. No. 6519, Cope Coll., Cedar Creek beds, White River forma- tion, northeastern Colorado. Ss, 1 4 TERRITORIE ” THE E (2) ee Shwe sl ei eenee a paren) a eae ilad ith. Ph Vili Ie== Zak IP TOMS TRO) WRG RO IME AIS) SUP IME, IZ. - ; is ba ean a PLATE GXVL OLIGOCENE CAMELID@. SKELETON OF PARATYLOPUS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Poébrotherium sternbergi Paratylopus sternbergi Fries. 1-7. Paratylopus sternbergi (Cope, 1879). Skull and parts of skeleton, three-fifths natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 7910, upper bed of John Day formation of Oregon. Figs. 1, la, 1b, skull, lateral, superior and palatal views; fig. 2, premaxilla, inferior view; fig. 3, 8a, humerus, external and proximal views; fig. 4, distal end of radius; fig. 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, tibia, posterior, external, proximal and distal views; 6, 6a, metatarsus with distal tarsals, posterior and internal vie ws; 6b, proximal view of distal tarsals, 6c, of metatarsus; 6d, distal ends of meta- tarsals; fig. 7, 7a, patella, anterior and superior views. ee: een Philada. 5 eattaa, son T. Sinclair & 3/5 IPOS INO WIsis ENUM -S Wis IRINISa RC PLATE CXVIIL Miocene CANIDH. SKULL OF AJLURODON Zilurodon sevus (Leidy, 1858). From the skeleton Am. Mus. No. 8305, Cope Coll. Upper Miocene, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. Three-fourths natural size. U.S. GEOLOGICAL ‘SURVEY OF THRE TERRITORIES. PLATE € T Sinclair & Son, Lith Philada. AHLURODON SABVUS LHIDY %. PEATE x wvilla: Miocene CANIDA. SKELETON OF AULURODON Fies. 1-16. Alurodon sevus (Leidy, 1858). Vertebre of skeleton figured on pll. CXVIII, CXVIIIb, CXIX. Fig. 1, posterior cervical; figs. 2 to 8, dorsal; figs. 9-15, lumbar vertebre; fig. 16, pelvis and anterior caudals; figs. 17-19, distal caudal vertebra. All three-fourths natural size. Republican River beds, Driftwood Creek, Nebraska. Amer. Mus. No. 8305, Cope Collection. CXVII1.a ILA, U.S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. a (eat T. Sinclair & Son, Lith. Phila Ya. ABLURODON SABVUS PLATE CXVIIIb. MiocENE CANID®. SKELETON OF AULURODON Fies. 1-7. Alurodon sevus (Leidy, 1858). Parts of skeleton figured on pll. CX VIII, CXVIIIa, CXIX. Figs. 1, la, 1b, scapula, external, posterior and proximal views; figs. 2, 2a, ulna, external and anterior views; figs. 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, radius, anterior, internal, proximal and distal views; figs. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, second metacarpal, anterior, external, internal and proximal views; fig. 5, 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, fifth metacarpal, anterior, external, internal, proximal and distal views; fig. 6, 6a, pelvis, right side, inferior and external views; fig. 7, 7a, 7b, astragalus and caleaneum, internal, external and distal views. All three-fourths natural size. From the Republican River beds, Driftwood Creek, Nebraska, American Museum No. 8305. Cope Collec- tion. pea US. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. PLATE CXViILb. ener SAEED T. Sinclair & Son, Lith. Philada, ABLURODON SABVUS %. + i Sele Oe ed PLATE CXIX. MIocENE CANIDH. SKELETON.OF AUJLURODON Fias. 1-8. lurodon sevus (Leidy, 1858). Parts of skeleton figured on pll. CX VIII, CX VIIa, CXVIIIb. Fig. 1, la, 1b, femur, anterior, posterior and internal views; fig. 2, 2c, tibia and fibula, anterior view and distal view of tibia; fig. 3, astragalus and caleaneum, anterior view; figs. 4, 5, 6, metatarsal bones, third, fourth and fifth, dorsal internal and external views; fig. 7, proximal phalanx, and fig. 8, middle phalanx, dorsal and proximal views. Fia. 9. Alurodon sevus. Lower jaw, Amer. Mus. No. 8312, Cope Coll., superior view. Fic. 10. ? #lurodon, milk carnassial, Amer. Mus. No. 8306, Cope Coll., internal, posterior and superior views. All specimens from the Republican River beds of Driftwood Creek, Nebraska, and figured three- fourths the natural size. CXIX L! a} PLAT TORIES. RI ss h abate URVEY OF TE (i rw) GEOLOGICAL K S U, Sinclair & Son, Lith. Philada aE 2 3Yf Lae LURODON SAEVUS 1 deh) A PLATE CXI]Xa. JAWS AND SKELETAL PARTS OF M1ocENE CARNIVORA Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Elurodon wheelerianus AKlurodon wheelerianus Elurodon hyznoides ?Brachypsalis hyznoides Canis brachypus Cynodesmus brachypus Fies. 1-3. lurodon wheelerianus Cope, 1874. Upper and lower jaws, Amer. Mus. No. 8307, from Republican River bed of Red Willow Co., Nebraska. About three-fifths natural size. Fig. 1, external view of upper and lower jaw; fig. 2, inferior, fig. 2a, anterior view of maxilla; fig. 3, superior view of lower jaw. The second upper molar, not figured here, was subsequently found among the fragments and fitted to place. The first molar is incorrectly drawn. The speci- men was refigured in 1904, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. XX, pp. 250-251, figs. 3 and 4. Fie. 5. ?Brachypsalis hyenoides (Cope, 1881). Upper jaw, type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8338. Republican River bed, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. Natural size. This species appears to be of Mustelid affinities as shown in the form and con- struction of the teeth, especially of p* and m!, although it retains a functional m2, as in the Canide. It may be the upper dentition of Brachypsalis, which accords in the proportions of molar and premolar dentition. d lias. 4&7. Cynodesmus brachypus. Parts of the type skeleton figured on Pl. CXIXb. Figs. 4, 4a, superior and inferior views of axis; fig. 7, astragalus, superior, inferior and external views. Fic. 6, unidentified. U, = OO. GEOLOGICAL ‘SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. l-4 AHLURODON WHEE LE RIAN Tre US. 0, ALBA NO! PLATE CxiX a 6-4 CANIS 8 T. Sinclair & Son, Lith. Fhilada, US PLATE CXIXb. MIocENE CANID&. SKELETON OF CYNODESMUS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Canis brachypus Cynodesmus brachypus Figs. 1-9. Cynodesmus brachypus (Cope, 1881). Type specimen Amer. Mus. No. 8140, Cope Coll., from Miocene beds east of Laramie Peak, Wyoming. Natural size. Fig. 1, skull and lower jaw side view; fig. 2, cervical vertebrz second to sixth; fig. 8, seventh cervical, lateral and posterior views; figs. 4, 5, 6, lumbar verte- bre; fig. 7, distal caudals; fig. 8, fifth metatarsal dorsal and plantar views; fig. 9, unidentified. See also pl. CXIXc and CXIXa. - US. GEOLOGICAL SUI RVEY OF THE TERRITORI CANIS BRACHY PWS . PLATE : ‘ ‘ k bi ie ee T Sinclair & Son, Lith, Philada can River beds) of Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Neb. It was associated with Mylagaulus monodon No. 8328, M. sesquipedalis No. 8330 and Eucastor tortus No. 8333. These specimens were evidently picked up loose, and although all are weathered in much the same way, it cannot be positively stated that all are of the same geologic age. The associated specimens are characteristic species of the late Miocene and early Pliocene fauna; it is probable that the human tooth has come from some overlying Pleistocene or recent deposit and been dropped down into the older bed. PIA TE xen MiocENE CARNIVORA AND RopENTIA. HUMAN TOOTH FOUND WITH MiocEnrE Fossits Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Canis brachypus Cynodesmus brachypus Tomarctus brevirostris Tomarctus brevirostris Lutra lycopotamica ?Sthenictis lycopotamicus Castor Dipoides ?tortus Mylagaulus monodon Mylagaulus monodon Mylagaulus sesquipedalis Mylagaulus sesquipedalis Paleolagus Lepus sp. Homo Homo ?sapiens Fies. 1-3. Cynodesmus brachypus (Cope, 1881). Parts of type skeleton figured on pl. CXIXb. Miocene, East of Laramie Peak, Wyo. Fig. 1, pelvis sacrum and adjoining vertebre, side view, about three-fifths natural size; la ventral view of pelvis. Fig. 2, 2a, 2b, metacarpal, dorsal, external and internal views. Fig. 3, proximal phalanx, dorsal, lateral and proximal views. Fic. 4. Tomarctus brevirostris Cope, 1873. Lower jaw, type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8302, Cope Coll., internal and superior views, natural size. Middle Miocene, Pawnee Creek beds near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. The systematic position of this genus is doubtful. The type is an immature jaw, the carnassial about half emerged, and the anterior part of the jaw so broken that it is not at all certain that the premolars were, as Cope considered them, reduced in number. Fic. 5. ?Sthenictis lycopotamica (Cope, 1879). Lower jaw, type specimen, internal and superior views. From Pawnee Creek beds (Middle Miocene) of northeastern Colorado. The original has been lost. Professor Cope’s descriptions have not sufficed to determine the affinities of this species, which he referred to Potamogale (Lutric- tis=). It appears to be related to “Stenogale”’ robusta, Cope, which Peterson has (1910) made the type of Sthenictis. Fies. 6-9. Dipoides sp. Figs. 6, 6a, lower jaw, Amer. Mus. No. 8332, Cope Coll., external and superior views; Fig. 7, lower incisor, external view; Fig. 8, humerus, anterior view, Fig. 9, caudal vertebra, superior view; all natural size. Republican River beds, northwestern Kansas. Fic. 10. Mylagaulus monodon Cope, 1881. Lower premolar, p. 4, Am. Mus. No. 8328, Cope Coll. Natural size. Republican River bed, Kansas. Fie. 11. Mylagaulus monodon Cope, 1881. Lower jaw, type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8327, Cope Coll. External, internal and superior views, natural size. Republican River beds, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Neb. Fie. 12. Mylagaulus sesquipedalis Cope, 1878. Upper premolar, p. 4. Fic. 18. Lepus sp. Lower jaw, Amer. Mus. No. 8335, Cope Coll. External and superior views, natural size. Republican River beds, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Neb. Fic. 14. Homo ? sapiens. Human tooth found in association with upper Miocene mammals. Amer. Mus. No. 8304, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, northwestern Kansas. This tooth was collected by Professor Cope’s party on the “Loup Fork” (Republi- U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURM T. Sinclair & Son, Lith. Philada. I-$ CANIS BRACHYPUS , & TOMNRCWU'S! ia WiSOS MRIS! 5 IOI IbNdC OPO UWANNILO ANS) (VAS INONEY 10-11. MYLAGAULUS MONODON 12.M.SHSQUIPEDALIS 13 PALAFOLAGUS 14 HOMO. v—<_—_ e ty ‘ Hi us vy re ; aes nent pe ; r eae lies i. PLATE CXX. MiocENE PROBOSCIDEA. SKULL OF TETRALOPHODON Nomenelature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester Tetralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Palatal view of skull of type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8527, Cope Coll. From Republican River Bed of Sappa Creek, Rawlins Co., Kansas. One-half natural size. See also pll. CX XI, CX XII, CXXIII. Note on the Nomenclature of Tertiary Mastodons Gomphotherium Burmeister, 1837, appears to be the earliest available generic name for the four- tusked mastodons with three transverse crests on the intermediate teeth of which the type and best known species is G. angustidens (Cuv.) of the European Miocene. Trilophodon Falconer and Tetrabelodon Cope are based upon the same species but are of later date. Trilophodon is the name adopted at present for the publications of the American Museum. Tetralophodon Warren, 1852, applies to the genera with four crests on the intermediate molars, Mastodon longirostris and arvernensis of Europe being the types. U.S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES 5S PLATE CXX: clair San lith Phila. PLA Tee @xxi Miocent PrRoposcipEA. BoNnEs or TETRALOPHODON Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester Fies. 1-2. Tetralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8527, Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, Sappa Creek, Kansas. Fig. 1, 1a, pelvis, inferior and external views; fig. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, fifth metacarpal, plantar, dorsal, internal, proximal and distal views. All one-fourth natural size. Specimen figured in pll. CXX, CX XII, CX XIII. U.S. GEOLOGICAL T. Sinclair &Son, ith Phiada MASTODON CAMPESTER A S -enisbacribogt, mous PEATE eek MiocENE PROBOSCIDEA Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester Mastodon “ligoniferus”’ (unpub.) ? Tetralophodon sp. Fias. 1-2. Tetralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Part of skull and lower jaw. Type speci- men, Amer. Mus. No. 8527, Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, Sappa Creek, Kansas. Fig. 1, side view of skull and jaw restored in outline; 1a, 1b, cross-sections of upper tusk; fig. 2, lower jaw, superior view. Specimen figured in pll. CXX, CX XI, CXXIII. Fies. 3-5. ?Tetralophodon sp. Lower jaw and femur, Amer. Mus. No. 8529, Republican River beds, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. Fig. 3, 3a, inferior and anterior views of lower jaw; fig. 5, 5a, external and distal views of femur. Speci- men figured on pl. CX XIV. All figures one-fourth natural size. US GEO t s as J i TERRITOL ea ut dea = eas eee = ate = PLATE CXXII a . ] | | | | | | | i | if | | | | i | ! | 1 i ! : 1 ' | ' | { ! : | | \ \ | \ ‘ if | sf | Nf | Sinclair & Son ith Philada & MASTODON CAMPESTER 8&8 M LIGONIFERUS PLATE CXXIII. MiIocENE PROBOSCIDEA Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Mastodon campester Tetralophodon campester Mastodon sp. ? Trilophodon (= Gomphotherium) sp. Fic. 1. Tetralophodon campester (Cope, 1878). Inferior view of lower jaw of type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8527, figured on pll. CX X-CX XII. Kia. 2. ?T'rilophodon sp. Basicranial region, from below. Amer. Mus. No. 8520, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Kansas. ; Fie. 3, 3a. ?Trilophodon sp. Scapula, external and proximal views. Amer. Mus. No. 8540, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. All figures one-fourth natural size. XII] ror WAL PIL ANE RRITORIES. 1 Cy nl, We OLOGICAL SURVEY OF T ==) By ala} U.S.G T. Sinclair & Son, Lith. Phils. Ya . DON MAST'O PLATE CXXIV. MiIocENE PROBOSCIDEA Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Mastodon ligoniferus ? Tetralophodon sp. Fies. 1-2. ?Tetralophodon sp. Allied to Tetralophodon campester. Amer. Mus. No. 8531, Cope Coll. Black Hills, S. Dakota, horizon uncertain. Fig. 1. Lower jaw external view; fig. 2, superior view; fig. 3, ? upper molar; fig. 4, distal end of femur. Fig. 3. ?Tetralophodon sp.; upper molar, ? Amer. Mus. No. 8529, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Driftwood Creek, Nebraska. Specimen figured on pl. CX XII. Fig. 4. ? Tetralophodon sp., distal end of femur of No. 8529. See pl. CX XII. All one-fourth natural size. The name ligoniferus appears to be unpublished. - AL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. Cc GEOLOGI US ) J ONIFIERL >) IEAM eT PLATE CXXV. MiocENE RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MEGALODUS Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Side view of skull and jaws, half natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8292, Cope Coll. Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld Co., Colorado. See also Pll. CXXVI-CXXX and CXXXV. PPeMd Wit OS ¥ TeTOUTg L a | == ii Nee A ZAGHNEI SS ; Bo RPA GAE 2 mae: Bind PLATE CXXVI. MiocENE RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MEGALODUS Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Superior view of skull one-half natural size. Type specimen, figured on pl. CXXV, CXXVII-CXXX and CXXXV. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURV! BY) OF nk PLATE CXXVI _T. Sinclair & Son Lith. Philada. APHELOPS MI! DUS 2 a PLATE CXXVII. MitocENE RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MEGALODUS Aphelops megalodus (Cope, 1873). Inferior view of skull, one-half natural size. Type specimen, figured on pll. CX XV-—CXXVI, CX XIX-CXXKX and CXXXV. 3 wl JF THE TERE A 1 Y VE U ’ iw) Al. G HOLOGI | 1S! U's: T. Sinclair & Son Lith.Philada ME. GALODUS 4 APHELOPS PLATE CXXIX. Miocenrt RHINOCEROSES. VERTEBRA OF APHELOPS Fies. 1-4. Aphelops megalodus (Cope, 1873). Cervical vertebre, two-fifths natural size. Type specimen, No. 8292, from Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld Co., Colorado. Fig. 1, la. Atlas, lateral and inferior views; fig. 2, 2a, 2c, axis, lateral, in- ferior and posterior views; fig. 3, 3a, 3b, third, cervical vertebra, lateral, inferior and anterior views; fig. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c, fourth cervical vertebra, lateral, inferior, anterior and posterior views. Fig. 5, 5a. Aphelops megalodus (Cope, 1873). Distal end of ulna, paratype, No. 8293, figured on pl. CXXX. Fias. 6-7. Aphelops megalodus (Cope, 1873). No. 8293a, specimen figured on pl. CXXX, proximal views of metacarpals. All figures two-fifths natural size. U.S. GEOLOGICAL ‘SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES ; PLATE CxXxXxDC {= _T. Sinclair & Son, ith: Philada APHELOPS MEGALODUS: # PLATE CXXx. MiocENE RurtNoceRoses. Limp AND Foot BongEs or APHELOPS Fias. 1-15. Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld Co., Colorado. Figs. 1-3. Amer. Mus. No. 8293a, Cope Coll. Fig. 1, 1a, 1b, second meta- carpal, anterior, external and internal views; fig. 2, 2a, fourth metacarpal, anterior and external views; fig. 3, 3a, 3b, 3c, radius, anterior, external, proximal and dis- tal views. Figs. 4-15. Amer. Mus. No. 8298, Cope Coll., paratype. Back of skull fig- ured on pl. CX XXIV. Fig.4. Proximal end of second metacarpal; fig. 5, 5a, head of tibia, posterior and proximal views; fig. 6, 6a, 6b, distal end of tibia, anterior, distal and internal views; fig. 7, 7a, hind foot, dorsal and external views; fig. 8, caleaneum, dorsal view; figs. 9, 9a, astragalus, plantar and distal views; fig. 10, cuboid, internal view; fig. 11, navicular, distal view; fig. 12, metatarsals, proximal view; fig. 13, second metatarsal internal view; fig. 14a, 14b, third metatarsal, internal and ex- ternal views; fig. 15, fourth metatarsal, internal view. All figures two-fifths natural size. XXX. C PLATE RRITORIES. Ast i) CAL SURVEY OF T OLOGI GI G ve S.G U ada T. Sinclair & Son Lith. Phil YB: HOw S Mi CAILODUS Th alliy Ale tal ee -1 Sinclair & Son With Phinda — — Se ee 3 y PLATE CXXXIL. Miocene RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF TELEOCERAS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Aphelops fossiger Teleoceras fossiger Teleoceras (= Husyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Top view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 8383, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. Specimen figured on pll. CXXXI and CX XXIV, TORIES APHI FLOPS FOSSIGHR € ie Sinclair & Son, ith Philada PLATE CXXXIIL Miocene R#HINOCEROSES. SKULL OF TELEOCERAS Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger Cope, 1878. Palatal view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8390, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. Specimen figured on pl. CXXXYV. i 3 KA be} e § ‘ Si Ma Au O = rail ea} 5 E 2 os <4 al ic A a oy iS 3 | dp) a ¢ hE iad = OR ARR ny Mealy aL Z (0) URVEY a he) PLATE CXXXIV. MiIocENE RHINOCEROSES. SKULLS OF APHELOPS AND TELEOCERAS Fig. 1. Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Occipital view of skull. Amer. Mus. No. 8383, figured on pll. CX XXI-CX XXII. Fic. 2. Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Top view of skull. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. Fic. 3. Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Occipital view of incomplete skull. Amer. Mus. No. 8383, Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. Specimen figured on pl. CXXIX and CXXX. All figures two-fifths natural size. # = SOGOUWSaN- Sagl BPEL WIT WOS ¥ MeSUIS TWoODOMkD Vb tf Rabe i PLATE CXXX\. MiocENE RHINOCEROSES. SKULLS OF APHELOPS AND TELEOCERAS Fic. 1. Aphelops megalodus Cope, 1873. Skull and lower jaws, occipital view, one-third natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8292, Cope Coll., figured on pll. CX XV- CXXX. Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. Fia. 2. Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Skull, occipital view, one-third natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8390, Cope Coll., figured on pll. CX XXIII. US. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE 1 TORIES PLATE C XXX T. Sinclair & Son, Lith Philada 1. APHEL O] PS MEIGALOI DUS a. 3 &. APHELOPS FOS SIGER Byun wii } PLATE CXXXVI. MiocENE RHINOCEROSES. VERTEBRA OF TELEOCERAS Nomenclature Fics. 1-6. Teleoceras (= Eusyodon) fossiger (Cope, 1878). Cervical and dorsal vertebre, two-fifths natural size. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll. Republican River beds, De- catur Co., Kansas. \s U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITOR “TT Sinclair & Son Tith Philada APHELOPS FOSSIGHR # Sine = rye my eree ise PLATE CXXXVIL Miocene RuINOocEROSES. Limp AND Foot Bones or TELEOCERAS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Aphelops (in part) Teleoceras Fies. 1-7. Pelvis and foot bones chiefly of Teleoceras fossiger. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll. Re- publican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. PLATE CXXXVII iSe OR 1 ind OF * 2 _SURVE" OGICAL. fu 4a at a 6 & clair T. Sinc : Pe ats its cs Baye ae Ce ie aie rae PLATE CXXXVIIL MiocENE RHINOCEROSES. LimB AND Foot BoNnES oF TELEOCERAS Figs. 1-9. Limb and foot-bones chiefly of Teleoceras fossiger. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll. Re- publican River beds, Decatur Co., Kansas. Al SURVEY OF PLATE CXXXVIII T. Sinclair & Son, Lith Philada PN elo) ONES) aha c yt Perch eae os se PLATE CXXXIX. Miocrenrt RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MALACORHINUS Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1879. Side view of skull one-half natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8381, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. Specimen figured on pll. CXL-CXLI. THE TER Jind SURVEY ©! sg CAL, U S GEOLOGK PLATE OXXKIX TSiriclair & Son PLATE CXL. Miocene RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MALACORHINUS Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1878. Superior view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Type speci- men, Amer. Mus. No. 8381, Cope Coll. Republican River beds, Nebraska. Specimen figured on pl. CXLI. U SiG r Ey OLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE ies PLATE APHELOPS MALACORHINUS &. T. Sinclair & Son Lith. Philada PLATE CXLI. MiocENE RHINOCEROSES. SKULL OF APHELOPS MALACORHINUS Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1878. Palatal view of skull, two-fifths natural size. Type speci- men, Amer. Mus. No. 8381, Cope Coll., from Republican River beds of Nebraska. Specimen figured on pl. CXL. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. peceemseree APHE LOPS ese T. Sinclair & Son, bith Philada MALACORHINUS §. ray Sa ee Bah Het ngs: FUN Fon ey PLATE CXLILL MiocENE RHINOCEROSES. BONES OF APHELOPS MALACORHINUS Fras. 1-6. Aphelops malacorhinus Cope, 1878. Skeleton bones referred to this species by Professor Cope. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, Nebraska. Fig. 1, 1a, 1b, pelvis, anterior, posterior and external views, one-fourth natural size; fig. 2, 2a, tibia, anterior and distal views, two-fifths nature; figs. 3-6, dorsal and a cervical vertebra, two-fifths nature. These specimens were presumably referred to this species on account of their being found associated with the type or some referred skull material of A. mala- corhinus; but the record of such association has been lost, and a search through the published references, field records and other possible sources of information has failed to recover any conclusive evidence upon it. The association of skull and skeletal parts in the related species A. ceratorhinus Douglass indicates how- ever that these bones are correctly referred to A. malacorhinus. (W.D.M.). PPelyd WITT woOg ¥ ATepOUTS Vy, SONIRHOOW IVI SalOMElstahys PLATE “CXEM MioceENE RHINOCEROSES SKULL AND SKELETAL PARTS oF APHELOPS ? MALACORHINUS Fias. 1-7. Remains of Rhinoceroses, part or all referable to Aphelops malacorhinus. Amer. Mus. Cope Coll. Republican River Bed, Kansas or Nebraska. Fig. 1. Huneerus, anterior view. Fig. 2. Part of maxilla. Fig. 3. Aphelops malacorhinus, occipital view of skull. Paratype, Amer. Mus. No. 8489, Cope Coll. Fig. 4, 4a. Cervical vertebra, lateral and inferior views. Fig. 5, 5a, 5b. Ulna, probably A. malacorhinus, external, anterior and distal views. No. 8382. Fig. 6, 6a. Proximal and distal ends of femur. Fig. 7, 7a, 7b. Astragalus, dorsal, plantar and distal views. a PLATE CXLIL U.S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. Im
  • Ie) WA est Dehi Nise EN) INAE SEVER T. Sinclair & Son, ljith. Philada ten ‘ Tee hen aio ats yee, oat a 4 Ww A PLATE CXLVII. MiocEnEeE Equip®. SKELETON oF MERYCHIPPUS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Hippotherium seversum (in part) Merychippus isonesus Hippotherium sphenodus Merychippus sphenodus Fies. 1-8. Merychippus isonesus Cope, 1889. Parts of skeleton with skull figured on pl. CXLVII. One-half natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8175, Cope Coll. Mas- call formation, Cottonwood Creek, John Day Valley, Oregon. - Fig.1. Pelvis, external view; fig. 2, 2a, femur, anterior and posterior views; fig. 3, 3a, tibia, anterior and posterior views; fig. 4, hind foot, dorsal view; fig. 5, 5a, internal and external views; figs. 6, 6a, navicular, proximal and distal views; fig. 7, 7a, ectocuneiform, proximal and distal views; fig. 8, metatarsals and phalanges, internal view; 8a, 8b, proximal and distal views of metatarsus. Fies. 9-10. Merychippus sphenodus Cope, 1889. Upper premolars, crown view, natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8281, Cope Coll., Pawnee Creek beds, Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. UE CXLYV. Dp G aa PLAT = Y. RRITORIE ul TR 1 1 VEY OF THE S U.S. GEOLOGICAL T. Sinclair & Son Lith, Philada 9-10 A. SPBaNODUS.. HV HRS UM. I= BIPPOVETRIUM eee! bie iti AON ae i oy 8 Ay batet PEATE CxXEy Ila: Miocenr Equip#. TEETH AND Brain Cast oF MERYCHIPPUS, ETC. Fig. Fic. Fig. Fia. Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Hippotherium sphenodus Merychippus sphenodus Protohippus (in part) Protohippus sp., aff. perditus Protohippus perditus (in part) Merychippus sejunctus Protohippus insignis (Cope, non Leidy) Merychippus labrosus ete. Protohippus sejunctus (in part) Merychippus isonesus Hippidium spectans Plichippus spectans Merychippus ? sphenodus (Cope, 1889). Upper premolars; paratype, natural size, Amer. Mus. No. 8281a, Cope Coll., Pawnee Creek beds, Colorado. ? Merychippus, unidentified specimen, upper molars. Merychippus sejunctus. Upper teeth, natural size, crown view. Amer. Mus. No. 8254, Cope Coll., recorded as “‘ East of Laramie Peak, Wyoming.” Protohippus sp., aff. perditus. Upper teeth, crown view, natural size. Am. Mus. No. 8340, Cope Coll., Republican River Bed, Nebraska. Hind foot of this individual figured on pl. CXLIX. Fias. 5-7. Type specimens of Protohippus labrosus Cope, Amer. Mus. No. 8266, Pawnee Creek Bed, Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. Fig. 5, upper teeth, crown view, natural size; fig. 6, 6a, lower jaw external and superior views, half natural size; fig. 7, upper jaw, half natural size, external view. Part of this specimen is now missing, only the lower jaw (fig. 6) being identifiable. This lower jaw is a composite of two individuals, the symphysis belonging certainly to a different individual and probably to a distinct species from the remainder of the jaw, which along with the upper teeth figured here (fig. 5) but now lost, agrees very nearly with Merychippus sejunctus. The symphysis, however, which in conformity with the author’s description and evident intent must be regarded as the primary basis of the species and selected as lectotype, is clearly distinct from M. sejunctus and cannot be correlated with any of the better known species. W.D.M., 1913. Fic. 8, 8a. Merychippus isonesus, natural braincast, lateral and superior views. From the specimen figured on pl. CXLIX. Amer. Mus. No. 8105, Cope Coll., Deep River beds, Deep River (Smith Creek), Montana. Fies. 9-11. Pliohippus spectans (Cope, 1880). Upper teeth, natural size, type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8183, Cope Coll., Mascall formation, Cottonwood Creek, John Day Basin, Oregon. Fig. 9, 9a, first.or second, upper molar, crown and anterior views; fig. 10, second upper premolar crown view; fig. 11, upper incisor, crown view. YY SNVLOMaES WHIGIddIn 11-G &% SiMubiIGravakal eal © cS SWaWWy Oo) INQUNES! STUNESIUSING ale b=S) ‘SNddIHOLOUd 7S" epelmyg Wty wos ¥ ILEPOUTE i], a © = Sh 2 SMGONGE TAUGUUSTETS INO eteliet 1 eMATXO Flv ld ‘SHDMIOLIIAL HAL 40 AMAMNS: TVOOTORO eS 10 PLATE CXLIX. Limp AND Foot Bones or Miocene EQuip™ Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Protohippus sejunctus (in part) Merychippus isonesus Protohippus perditus Protohippus sp. aff. perditus Hippidium ? pernix ? Hipparion sp. Figs. 1-4. Merychippus ? isonesus (Cope, 1889). Limb and foot bones with skull. Amer. Mus. No. 8105, Cope Coll., Deep River beds, Deep River (Smith Creek), Montana. Fig. 1, 1a, ulno-radius, anterior and external views, one-half natural size; fig. 2, 2a, 2b, 2c, fore foot, anterior and external views, with proximal and distal views of metatarsus half natural size; fig. 3, proximal view of magnum and unciform with part of metacarpal III, two-thirds natural size; fig. 4, proximal view of tibia, one-half nature. See also pl. CXLVIIIa. Fig. 5-6. Protohippus sp. aff. perditus. Parts of skeleton associated with upper jaw figured on pl. CXLVIIIa, Am. Mus. No. 8340, Cope Coll., from Republican River beds, of Nebraska. Fig. 5, pelvis, inferior view; fig. 6, 6a, 6b, anterior, internal, proximal views of median metatarsal; both one-half natural size. Fic. 7. Atlas, unidentified (not Equid). Fia. 8. ? Hipparion sp. Metatarsal III and proximal phalanx, anterior and external views and proximal view of metatarsal, one-half natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 8357, Cope Coll. Republican R. beds, Nebraska. (The specimen includes remains of more than one individual and no teeth are associated, so that the reference is wholly doubtful. It has the proportions of the American species of Hipparion but is exceptional among them in the tarso-metatarsal articulation). Law) ny 2) vl IPF ore S=t PLATE CL. Miocene Equip®. SKULL oF MERYCHIPPUS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Protohippus sejunctus — Merychippus sejunctus Fies. 1-8. Merychippus sejunctus (Cope, 1874). Skull of type specimen, lateral, palatal and superior views, one-half natural size. Amer. Mus. No. 8291, Cope Coll., Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld Co., Colorado. Skeleton parts figured on pl. CLI. S, GEOLOGICAL ‘SURVEY OF THE TERRITORIES PAE Gis ae canp Ta || T. Sinclair & Son, Lith. Philada PIROWORMMPP US SHIUNGTUS COPE 7 PLATE CLI. Miocene Equip@. SKELETON Parts or MERYCHIPPUS Fics. 1-14. Merychippus sejunctus Cope, 1874. Skeletal parts of type specimen, skull figured on pl. CL. All one-half natural size, Amer. Mus. No. 8291, Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. Fig. 1, lower jaw, superior view; fig. 2, 2a, atlas, superior and inferior views; fig. odontoid 2b, process of axis; fig. 3, 3a, third cervical vertebra, inferior and posterior views; fig. 4, 4a, seventh cervical, anterior and inferior views; fig. 5, 5a, first dorsal, anterior and lateral views; 6, 6a, 6b, 6c, humerus, anterior, external, proximal and distal views; 7, 7a, 7b, tibia, anterior, external and distal views; figs. 8-14, hind foot, anterior and external views, 8b, inferior view of astragalus, 8c, 9b, of caleaneum and astragalus, 10b, proximal view of navicular and cuboid, 11b, 11c, proximal and distal views of metatarsus, 12b, proximal view of proximal phalanx: 1b, of second phalanx, 14b, 14c, proximal and inferior views of ungual phalanx. The humerus and tibia here figured were found in the Cope Collection with No. 8251, a specimen which Cope referred to Protohippus perditus, and which is now (1918) referred to Merychippus ? sphenodus. It appears probable that parts of the type skeleton of No. 8291 had become mixed with No. 8251, but the two individuals are so closely allied specifically that I am unable to clear up the confusion, PEALE Grail T. Sinclair & Son Lith. Philada PROVTORIPPUS SHOUNCTUS 7 PLATE CLI. MiocenrE CAMELIDA Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Protolabis transmontanus - Miolabis transmontanus Protolabis heterodontus Protolabis heterodontus Fies. 1, 2. Miolabis transmontanus (Cope, 1879). Skull, lateral and palatal views, two-thirds natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8196, Cope Coll., from Mascall formation of Cottonwood Creek, John Day Valley, Oregon. Fias. 3, 4. Protolabis heterodontus (Cope, 1874). Upper and lower jaws, side view, and palatal view of upper jaw, two-thirds natural size. Type specimen, Amer. Mus. No. 8296, Cope Coll., from Pawnee Creek beds, near Pawnee Buttes, Weld Co., Colorado. SURVEY OF THE TERALTORIES PL MANOS MQQXy SY NN WSs ; \ RAS SSS \ VA ANN AAA SRA AX _T. Sinclair & Son [ith Philada IZ PROTALABIS TU ELZANIN SIMOINSUAINIS, @=4 12 Ii IviaiVODON TUS, 34 PEATE @iiv. SKULL AND JAws oF MioceNnE CAMELS Nomenclature Cope 1880-3 Revised 1915 Procamelus angustidens Cope 1872 = Protolabis angustidens Cope “Procamelus angustidens”” Cope 1881 = Procamelus inzquidens sp. nov. Fie. 1. Procamelus inequidens sp.nov. Side view of skull and jaws, No. 8446, type, from Upper Miocene, Republican R. beds, Driftwood Creek, Hitchcock Co., Nebraska. This skull was referred by Cope to P. angustidens, but differs from topotypes of that species in the absence of the upper incisors and other characters of less moment. Q Figs. 2, 3. Inferior and superior views of same skull. Fig. 4. Protolabis angustidens Cope, 1872. Lower jaws, type specimen, superior view. From Middle Miocene (Pawnee Creek beds) near Pawnee Buttes, Colorado. Cope Coll., Am. Mus. No. 8294. PLATE OLIV. — U, S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE TERRITOR SSE T. Sinclair & Son, Jjith. Philada PROCAMELUS .ANGUSTIDENS. COPE. Ya.