Entered, According to an Act of Congress, in the year 1880, by Dr. Edward Neddo, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. A VALUABLE COLLECTION OF RECEIPTS AND MUCH OTHER VALUABLE INFORMATION, J BY DR. EDWARD NEDDO, SOUTH I ND INDIANA. an hee, Ore iS COPYRIGA 7 “aN SOUTH BEND, ep 14 3 4 TRIBUNE PRINTING ComPANyY, PRIS = Oy ti a 1880. My "YER RA oF WAS oF *'4 : ? he Sheer a rie Herat inte 6 CMe teh PREFACE, The horse is the noblest of all domesticated animals. He seems to have been expressly made for the service of man, and his beauty, knowledge, strength, and intrepid spirit, combined with his extreme docility, naturally renders him his faithful _ ally in all his pursuits, both for industry and pleasure. Thirty years constant study of this noble animal induces the author to say that the book which he now presents to the public is worthy of all horsemen’s attention, and should be in the pos- session of every one engaged in the management of the horse. This book contains sixty-four recipes for the horseman or horse owner. It gives all the knowledge necessary to the cure of all the diseases, or nearly so, that are peculiar to the horse. One recipe alone in this book is worth twenty times the price of the copy. It is the one for making my Condition Powders. Conscious of the merits of the recipes herein, I offer them to the public. EDWARD NEDDO, Veterinary Surgeon. The Horse and His Diseases. Botts. . ‘In the early springtime, as in the summer, horses are much troubled by a grub or caterpillar which crawls out of the annas and fastens itself under the horse’s tail, causing the horse a great deal of itching. Men are sometimes very much alarmed by these insects. They cannot be injurious to the horse in the least, for he will enjoy, the best of health when the cuticular part of the stomach is filled with them. Therefore the wise man will leave them to themselves, and content himself by picking them off when they collect under the horse’s tail and annoy the animal. Bunches and Callous. The Bone Spavin Ointment will remove bunches and callous without fail. Rub the part affected with the Bone Spavin Ointment and rub it in well with the naked hand. Grease be-— low the bnnch with lard. Apply once in two days on callous. Wash it off with soap and water, and grease it well with lard. Let the lard remain on for one day, and wash it off and apply the ointment. THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. a) Button Farcy. Cause, overheat, high feeding, and want of exercise. Symp- toms, the limbs swell and break out in running sores. To cure this disease you must be very careful not to get the matter on a sore or cut, as it is poison and will kill you. In the first stage, bleed and physic. Then take of gentian, 2 oz., ginger, 24 oz.; make in a thick paste with a little flour. Divide into 10 parts and add to each separately 5 grains of arsenic.. Make into pills. Give one in the morning and one at night. At noon give him one of my Condition Powders. Then wash the sores clean and _ apply the Black Salve twice a day, and oftener if necessary. If not much better in two to three weeks, bleed and repeat the pill. Apply the Orange liniment to the legs if they swell. Curb. These are oftener injuries of particular parts of the hock. I have had occasion to frequently describe the ring-like liga- ments which in the neighborhood of the joint so usefully tie down the tendons. From sudden or over-exertion these liga- ments may be extended, and inflammatton, swelling, and lame- ness ensue, or the sheath of tendons in the neighborhood of “ oints, from their extended nature in these situations, and may be susceptible to injury. Curb is an affection of this kind. It is an enlargement of the back of the hock, about three or four inches below the point of the hock. For treatment, wash the part affected with hot water and soft soap, and let it get perfectly dry. Rub it well with the naked hand. Apply the Bone Spavin ointment; rub it it in well. Let it remain on for two 6 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. days, and wash it off with hot water and soft soap. Grease the leg with lard and let it remain one day, and then wash it off clean and apply the ointment again as before; and so continue until cured. Grease the leg below the curb with lard. Corns—How to Cure Them. Take the shoe off, cut the corn entirely out. Fill the hole with butyr of antimony; then cork the hole. Repeat once in two or three days, as the case may require. Then shoe the horse with a smooth shoe. Use the Hoof Liquid on the foot. Colds. A treatment for colds: Take 1 pound of honey, make it warm, add 3 pound of New Orleans sugar, 2 ounces of glycer- ine; melt it all together; add shorts and stir until it becomes thick. Then make it into a pill; make the pill about the size of a hen’s egg. Give the horse three pills a day until relief is given. Capped Hock. The point of the hock is sometimes swelled. A soft, fluctu- ating tumor appears on it. This is an enlargement of one of those mucous bags of which I have spoken, and which sur- ee eS ee ee ee THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES, 7 round the insertion of the tendons into the point of the hock. It is seldom accompanied by lameness, but yet it is a serious business. It is usually produced by blows, and in a majority of instances by the injury which the horse inflicts upon himself by kicking. Therefore a horse with a capped hock is properly regarded with a very suspicious eye. The whole of the hock should be most carefully examined to discover whether there are other marks of violence, and the previous history of the animal should if possible be obtained. Generally the kicking is done in harness, but sometimes have the habit of kicking in the stable. It is possible, however, that lying on too thin bed or no bed may bruise the hock, aud produce the swelling, or it : may even result from sprains of the hock, but I repeat that it is far oftener the consequence of external violence. Here again it is difficult to apply a bandage, and puncturing the tumor or passing a seton through it would be a most injudicious and dangerous practice. A cure for capped hock: Lance the swelling, cut straight up with the knife. Rub the fluid all out well. Then use this lini- ment— 2 oz. of alcohol, 2 oz. of turpentine, and the white of 2 eggs. Let it stand siz hours. Shake well in a bottle; add 2 oz. of raw linseed oil, and 1 oz. of ammonia. Shake well before using. Apply twice or three times a day. Rub it in well with — the hand. First Stage of Spasmodic Colic. The horse will generally lie down; then raise his right fore leg as if to paw, then make a motion with both legs as if to paw, then throw himself down. 8 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. CURE FOR SPASMODIC COLIC IN THE FIRST STAGE. Take 1 oz. laudanum, 1 oz. peppermint, 2 oz. niter, 30 drops of the oil of sassafras; drop in the niter. If not all right in two hours, repeat the dose once in two hours. Be sure the horse is not foul; if so, clean him, as this very essential. Second Stage of Spasmodic Colic. i m The horse will gener- Hh te / il \ ally paw first one foot and then the other, and looks | slightly around to his sides. Then he will paw violently, as if in great pain. Will lie down and get up. Then he will break out in sweat about his flanks. CURE IN THE SECOND STAGE. Take 14 oz. of laudanum, 14 oz. of peppermint, 3 oz. of nitre, and 40 drops of the oil of sassafras. Drop in with the nitre, shake in a bottle; put in one pint of water. Repeat once in two hours until relief is given. Do not work the horse for two or three days, for he is not fit for work. Exercise him moder- ately. Third Stage of Spasmodic nr __ The horse will paw and i i i | ih Ai i kick with one foot, get up | | | | Nl ' i 14 | i and down, but not so often ___ iii) il = if | as in the second stage, but | e i es - | will lie longer, roll over, aT XS ea ! frequently crack his heels together as he rolls over; then as he changes, he will: | become wet with a cold sweat, showing that death is near at THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 9 hand. He will lie on his back, head and tail straight out. This is the change to the fourth stage of colic. THIRD STAGE OF SPASMODIC CoLic CuRE. Give 2 oz. of laudanum, 2 oz. of peppermint, 3 oz. of nitre, 50 drops of the oil of sassafras in the nitre; give it in one pint of water. If not showing signs of relief in three-quarters of an hour, give Chamberlain’s Relief, 3 oz. in two hours after giving the first dose. Repeat the first dose again until a cure is effect- ed. This will never fail. A sure cure if the directions are carefully followed. Flatulent Colic. The horse lies down and gets up often. He looks at his flanks. His ears and legs are very cold. The cause of this disease is, cold water s or change of food, or it THE FIRST STAGES OF FLATULENT 38 Caused by giving the COLIC. horse a long, hard drive, then bringing him to the stable and giving him cold water to drink when he is very warm. This will generally produce what is called flatulent colic, or cramp in the stomach. CURE-FOR FLATULENT COLIC. Give 1 pint of rye whisky and 13 oz. of No. 6 in 1 pint of water. Ifthe whisky is not at hand use 1} oz. of No. 6 in nearly a pint of warm water, or 3 oz. or Chamberlain’s Relief. 10 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. } Diabetes. : Too free discharge of urine. Cannot hold his water. The cause sometimes of this affliction is by the horse eating dusty or musty hay, and dosing with turpentine and saltpetre, which is very injurions, that is, if too much is given to the horse; and then by giving the horse ashes in his feed, which will relax him. This should not be done. The horse troubled with this com- plaint should be bled. Take one pail-full of blood from the vein in the neck. Be sure to give clean food. Then give him + oz. the tincture of canthardies three times a day until a cure is obtained. Feed my Condition Powders twice a day for a week. Feed him soft feed; do not let him be turned out. , Distemper. This is a swelling under the jaw. The horse cannot swallow. Sometimes a discharge will be seen coming from the nose. Sometimes there will be found a tumor under the jaw. Open the tumor by passing through a seton; wet this seton with tur- pentine. Put the Black Salve on from the ears down; heat the Black Salve in with a hot iron ; use the salve twicea day. In the first stage use chamber-lye, 1 pint at a dose; drench him with it twice a day, 1 pint each time. Give 2 doses the first day and 1 the next. I haye cured a great many cases with just the chamber-lye. Use my Condition Powders twice a day. Also, feed the horse bran mashes twice a week. THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 11 Elbow of the Horse. The elbow is sometimes punctured by the horse lying on his foot, raising a bunch, or through the .brutality of the groom. ‘The swelling is often rapid and extensive, and fatal inflammation may ensue. Rest and the closure of the wounds are the most important considerations. For such a swelling, use the Eng- lish Liniment, and‘cut it from the bottom of the swelling half way up. When it has the appearance of fluid in it, keep him from work a week or 10 days. Exercise him morning and night. Rub the liniment on two or three times a day until cured. The Cause of Fouuder. In the acute form there is great consti- tutional disturbance ; the breathing rapid, the pulse quick and jerking, the eyes glassy, the hind feet are thrust | NN under the body, the \ ER \ fore feet are thrust \ gat in order that the HORSE WITH FOUNDER. weight of the body may be taken off of the inflamed fore feet. All the symptons go to show that the horse is suffering extreme agony. The causes are fast driving, over hard dry roads, stand- ing upon the feet for a long time, or extraordinary labor of any kind. 12 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. CURE FOR FOUNDER. Bleed the horse one pail full of blood from the neck veins, — then give him 2 quarts of lard, melted; give it lukewarm. Wait 7 hours, then repeat the dose by giving three pints. Be sure and give him a good physic. Take 8 oz. of nitre, 4 oz. of the oil of sassafras; put these together. Shake well, then add 2 oz. of laudanum, take } oz. of tincture of fetty, 3 oz. of water. Shake well. Take 2 0z. for a dose, in a pint of water. Give 3 doses a day. Commence as soon as you bleed the horse, and keep it up until the horse is cured. Wash his legs and feet in as hot water as you can bear your hands in, then bandage his legs with hot cloths. Keep him well blanketed. This will cure the horse in three days or a week at-the longest, if you follow all of the directions I have given. Remember much depends on your good care as well as the medicine. Use my Condition Powders. Feed soft feed. Ifyou have pasture turn him out and place hoof liquid on all his feet. | Still Founder. ~ This is caused by fast driving, then when the horse is warm to let him stand in the cold, with the wind blowing on him, un- til he is chilled through. This will cause contraction of the muscles. Then the horse cannot move, which is quite a sur- prise to the driver to see that his horse cannot go. This is what is called still founder; Bleed this horse, from the neck vein — 2 quarts. Give him 2 quarts of lard; then in 6 or 8 hours give him another quart of lard; so continue until he has a free and easy passage. Then give him 4 oz. of nitre, 2 oz. of alcohol, 3 ———————— eee” ve ee ee ee THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 13 oz. of the oil of sassafras; put all together, and shake well. Add 2 oz. of laudanum ; put into this 2 oz. of water, and shake well. Then give 3 times a day in 1 pint of water, 2 oz. of this medicine for a dose. This will not fail to cure, if you follow the directions here given, within 3 to 6 days. Inflammation of the Liver Is a disease of rare occurrence in the horse. He is not ex- posed to the causes which produce that complaint in other ani- mals. Although his food is sometimes highly nutritive, the work which is exacted from him prevents it from unduly stim- ulating this important organ, and when inflammation of the liver does occur it is with so much difficulty distinguished from that of the bowels that if yellowness of the eyes and skin are not presented, even the professional man is liable to be de- ceived. A treatment: Give the horse 7 grains of arsenic, di- vided into 20 doses, and 2 oz. of ginger, 1 oz. of sulphur, 2 oz. of oil-cake, 1 oz. of fenegreak ; mix that well with } tb. of my Cleansing Powder. Give the horse one large spoon-full 3 times a day, after that twice a day until relief is given. Give one arsenic powder every time you do the other. Inflammation, or Hooks in the Eye. The horse’s eyelids generally swell, and water, more or less, runs from the eye. The upper part of the eyelid looks red and inflamed. The eye-washers refuse to wash the eye. You will 14 THE HORSE AFD HIS DISEASES. see a little hook on the front end of the eye-washers. Trim this off, but just a little. The object of this is to subdue the inflam- mation, and this is the quickest way. The horse should be bled below the eye, and roweled below the eye, sometimes, when they are very bad. Bleed in the neck, }-pailful of blood. Keep the horse in the dark as much as possible, and exercise him every evening. Move the rowels twice a day, morning and night. Let the rowels remain from 12 to 15 days. Keep the horse on low diet, and do not overheat or work him very hard. Bran mash is the best grain to feed him; do not feed corn. Make a wash of 4 grains of chloride of zinc in 1 pint of rain- water. Wash the eye well, and be sure to get the wash into the eye. Feed my Condition Powders twice.a day. Inflammation of the Stomach, Of inflammation of the stomach in the horse, except from poisonous herbs or drugs, I know little. It very seldom occurs, and then can with difficulty be distinguished from inflamma-_ tion of the bowels, and in both diseases the assistance of a skill- ful veterinary surgeon is required. A cure for it: Bleed the horse in the right vein of the neck, from 6 to 8 quarts of blood. If not better the next day, bleed 6 to 8 quarts of blood from the left vein. Give the horse 8 oz. of nitre, 14 oz. of laudanum, 3 oz. of peppermint or 10 drops of the oil of sassafras, in the nitre. Shake well in a large bottle together. Divide into two two doses, Give it two ‘hours apart, each dose in one pint of water. If not showing relief in the course of 8 to 4 hours, re- peat the dose. Also give the horse 3 pound of Cleansing Pow- ae, a Sp eee ee — Ss a ue, THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 15 der, 4 oz. of pulverized cubebs, and 8 oz, of pulverized nitre root mixed well together. Give him three large spoon-fulls a day. Inflammation of the Bowels, The first is inflammation of the external coats of the stom- ach, accompanied by considerable fever and costiveness. The second is that of the internal or mucous coat, usually the conse- quence of an overdose of physic, and accompanied by violent purging. I will here speak of the first of these affections. It has been divided into inflammation of the peritonial coat and that of the muscular, but the causes, symptoms, and treatment of both are so much alike that it would be raising unnecessary difficulties to distinguish between them. Inflammation of the external coats of the stomach, whether the peritonial or muscular, or both, is a very frequent and fatal disease. It speed- ily runs its course, and it is of great importance that its early symptoms should be known. It the horse has been carefully observed, restlessness and fever have been seen to precede the attack in many cases; a direct shivering will be observed; the mouth will be hot and the nose red ; the horse will soon express the most dreadful pain by pawing, striking at his belly, looking wildly at his flanks, groaning and rolling. The pulse will be -quickened and small, the ears and legs cold, the belly tender and sometimes hot, the breathing quickened, the bowels costive, and the horse becoming rapidly and fearfully weak. A cure for it: Bleed 1 gallon from the neck, and give the following,— 4 oz. of nitre, 2 oz. of laudanum, 1 oz. of peppermint. Shake well in 3 oz. of water. Give 2 0z. of this 2 hours apart. If the 16 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. horse continues to scour, repeat the dose, at 3 oz. 13 hours apart, adding 4 oz. of Perry Davis’ Pain Killer, or Chamber-_ lain’s Ready Relief. Keep the horse warm, and rub his legs well with the hand, and bandage them with cloths. Take a blanket and dip it in hot water, and place it on his belly; and so continue until cured. Jaundice. It is the introduction of bile into the general circulation, and which is usually caused by some obstruction in the ducts or tubes which convey the bile from the liver to the intestines. The horse, however, has but one duct through which the bile flows, as quickly as it is formed, and there is no gall bladder in which it can become thickened, and even hardened into masses so hard as to be very appropriately call gall stones. Jaundice does, however, occasionally appear either from an increased flow or altered quality of the bile, or obstruction even in this simple tube. The yellowness of the eyes and mouth, and of the skin, where it is not covered with hair, mark it sufficiently plainly. The dung is small and hard, the urine highly colored, the horse languid, and the appetite impaired. Take the grain away from him. Do not work the horse, but exercise him a little, and keep him warm; also keep his bowels loose; feed him two or three bran mashes a week. Feed him this powder: Take 1 tbh. of my Cleansing Powder, 14 oz. of red root, 4 oz. of saltpetre; have it all pulverized. Give one large spoon-ful 3 times a day. if you find the horse has a heavy fever, give to him, in addition to this powder, 2 0z. of pulverized cubebs and 5 grains of arsenic divided into 18 doses. . : i THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 17 Inflammation of the Lungs. The causes of in- flammation of the lungs are changes from cold to heat or heat to cold ; exposure to cold while the horse is hot, washing with cold wa- ter immediately after a hard drive, sudden jipep graGe OF INFLMMATION OF THE exposure to cold af- LUNGS. - ter coming from a very hot stable, traveling in the face of a cold _ wind, the transferrence of general fever to the lungs, previously disposed to inflammation from the usual stable. Any change from heat to cold will produce it almost with equal certainty. The removal from a warm stable to a cold one, from grass to the stable, and from the stable to grass, will give rise to disease of the lungs. It may be distinguished from inflammation of the bowels by the pulse, which in the latter is small and wiry ; by the membrane of the nose, which is not then so much reddened ; by the indications of pain, such as kicking at the belly, stamp- ing and rolling; by his eager scraping of the litter, and by the belly being painful to the touch, and also hot when the bowels are inflamed. HOW TO CURE INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. In the first stages, drop on the tongue 30 drops of the tinc- ture of didgatalis once in twenty minutes, until the horse sweats ; then wash legs with red pepper and hot vinegar, and 18 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. bandage his legs up to the knees; keep his body warm ; do not allow him to have any cold water for twelve hours. and then take the chill off; feed him soft food. Give the horse 2 oz. of nitre, } oz. of laudanum, 3 oz. of peppermint, and 10 drops of oil of sassafras in 1 pint of water. Shake well before using. Lung Fever. The horse is taken with a hard chill: then breaks out in a sweat; hangs down his head; never offers to lie down, but groans whenever he is made to move; his ears are deadly cold. and his legs the same. The causes of this disease are many. For instance, by giving the horse a large quantity of cold water when he has been overheated by a hard drive, or a change from a warm stable to a cold one, will almost always cause the horse to have lung fever. : A treatment: In the second stages drop: on the tongue 30 drops of gy the tincture of didgata- lis ; repeat this every 15 minutes until the horse sweats. Then rub the legs with hot water and and 3 oz. of rep pepper; POSITION ASSUMED IN THE LAST STAGE OF LUNG FEVER. bandage the legs with flannel; do not feed the horse any grain, nor give him any cold water ; give him milk-warm water, and feed him on gruel made - a cv i. oo ef SS ee a i THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 19 of 1} ths. of flour, and 1 pail of water—also putin a littlesalt ; give in 12 hours 1} oz. of spirits of nitre, } oz. of landanum, } oz. of peppermint essence, in } pint of water, and do not work the horse for 10 days. Lampers. All young horses are subject to this trouble. It is nothing but inflammation of the gums. Cut the gums in several places until they bleed freely. Never burn the gums, because it makes a young horse look old. Feed him the Cleansing Powder. Nasal Gleet. The most frequent disease of the nasal cavity is an increased and thickened discharge of fluid’ from the nose. It is properly called nasal gleet. There is a constant secretion of fluid to lubricate the membrane that lines the cavity of the nose, which under catarrh or colds is increased in quantity and altered in appearance and consistence. But that to which I immcdiately refer is a continued and oftentimes profuse discharge, when every symptom of catarrh and fever has passed away —an al- most incredible quantity of thickened mucous of different col- ors. If the horse is at grass, almost as green as the food on which he lives, or if in the stable, white, straw-colored, or even 20 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. bloody, and sometimes evidently mingled with pus or matter, and either running or snorted out in masses many times a day, teasing the horse and a perfect nuisance in the stable. I have known this to continue several months, and eventually destroy the horse. Stop working him; take } tb. of alum, 3 tb. of rosin, $ tb. of blue vitriol, $ tb. of ginger; add this compound to 1 tb. of my Cleansing Powder; mix well together and have it all well pulverized. Give one large spoonful every meal. Give him 5 grains of arsenic divided into 18 doses. Give the arsenic the same as the powder. Keep the horse out of the wet. Poll Evil. , This is caused by the horse rubbing or sometimes striking his poll (head) against the edge of the manger, or by bruising the part with the halter, or from a very hard blow on the poll. This will cause inflammation to come on, and a swelling will appear, hot and tender, and very painful. A CURE FOR POLL EVIL. Before it breaks rub the part affected well, with Black Oint- ment. Apply twice or three times a day; heat it in well with a hot iron until it draws a blister; after two or three days open the blister. Repeat if necessary. THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 21 Quinsy. The horse runs at the nose a little, and often when he drinks the water runs out of his nose. The cause is, his throat is sore and swollen. The horse cannot eat well, and grows poor. The glands are swollen. The cause of this is catching cold and set- tling upon the glands, when the horse’s blood is out of order. Treatment: Rub thethroat well with the Black Salve once or twice a day, and feed the Cleansing Powder three times a day. If the horse should be short of of breath give him 10 drops of degatlis every 15 or 20 minutes. Feed him bran mashes three times a week. Ring Bone, Ringbone commences in one of the posterns, and nsually about the postern joint, but it rapidly spreads and involves not only the postern bones, but also the cartilages of the foot. When first the deposits are on the lower postern and on both sides of it, and produced by violent inflammation of the liga- ments of the joints, is recognized by a slight enlargement, or bone tumor, on each side of the foot and just above the cornet. This is more frequent in the hind foot than in the fore, because, from the violent action of the hind leg in propelling the horse forward, the posterns are more subject to ligamentary injury be- hind than before ; yet the lameness is not so great, because the disease is confined principally to the ligaments, and the bones have not been injured by concussion, while from the position of 99 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. the fore limbs and their exposure to concussion, there will gen- | | erally be found in them injury of the bone, to be added to that of the ligaments. In its early stage, when recognized only by a bony enlargement on both sides of the postern joint, or in some cases on one side only, the disease may be cured by this treatment: Wash the leg off with hot water and soft saop; let the leg get dry, and then apply the Bone Spavin Medicine; let it remain on 25 days, then wash it off; be careful not to rub the hair off; then grease with lard; let the lard remain on 1 day; then wash again, and apply the Bone Spavin Medicine as be- fore. If the hair comes off it will soon grow out again, so do not be alarmed in regard to that, but follow well my directions, and the ringbone will soon disappear. ' Bone Spavin. % A very serious affliction; ranks under the name of spavin, and is an affection of the hock joint bone. I have observed that the bones of the leg, the shank bone and the two little splint bones behind, support the lower layers of the bones of the hock. The cube bones rest principally on the shank bone, and in a slight degree on the outer spint bone. The middle wedge bone rests entirely upon the shank bone, and the smaller wedge rests in a very slight degree on the shank bone, but principally, or almost entirely, on the inner splint bone. Then the splint bones sustain a very unequal degree of conenssion and weight. Not only is the inner one placed more under the body and nearer the centre:of gravity, but it has almost the THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES, 23 whole of the weight and concussion communicated to the little wedge! bone carried on to it. It is not therefore to be wondered : at, that in the violent action of this joint in galloping, leaping, especially in young horses, and before the limbs have become properly knit, the inner splint bone, or its ligament (the sub- stance which connects it with the shank bone), should suffer in- jury. The blacksmith increases the tendency to this by his. in- judicious management of the feet. It is a common notion that cutting and wounds in the feei, from one foot treading on the other, are prevented by putting on a shoe with a corking on the outer heel—that is, the extremity of the heel of the shoe being ‘bent, and thus the outer heel considerably raised from the ground. It is not unusual to see whole teams of horses, and that all the year round, with the outer heel of the hind foot considerably raised above the other. This unequal bearing or distribution of the weight cannot fail of being injurious. It will place an unequal strain on the ligaments of the joints, and par- ticularly of the hock joint, and increase the tendency to spavin. When the spavin is forming there is always lameness, and that io a very great degree. When the membrane of the bone has accommodated itself to the tumor which extends it, the lame- ness subsides or disappears, as depends upon the degree in which the bony deposits interfere with the motion of the joint. We often see horses with exceedingly large spavins that are only slightly lame, or that merely have stiffness in their gait at first starting, and that gradually goes off after a little mo- tion. There is always the peculiarity in the lameness of spavin that it abates and sometimes disappears on exercise, and there- fore a horse, with regard to which there is a suspicion of spavin, should be examined when first it is taken from the stable in the morning. Spavined horses are generally capable of slow work. 24 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. They are equal to the greater part of the work of the farm, and therefore are not to be rejected by the small farmer, and may generally be procured at little price. These horses are not only capable of agricultural work, but they generally improve under - it. They become less lame, and even the bony tumor to a cer- tain degree diminishes. * HOW TO CURE A BONE SPAVIN. Take 1 tb. of lard, 1 oz. of powdered Spanish flies, 1 oz. of powdered gum euphorbium ; melt the lard—not too hot, put in the powdered Spanish flies first, then the euphorbium ; stir well until it becomes cold and mix it well in a clean dish. Fol- low the directions here given: Rub the hump well with the naked hand until it becomes warm, and then apply the oint- ment, and rub well; at the end of two days. apply more of the ointment, rubbing well, as before, and let it stand four days; then wash it off with soap and water, very clean; have the water warm; as soon as the leg becomes dry, grease the part affected with lard ; grease below the spavin, so that the ointment will not take the hair off. The horse may be worked every day; if not worked he must be exercised. Repeat the treatment every four days until cured. Bog Spavin. The hock is plentifully furnished with mucous bags. Some of these are found on the inside of the joint. From overexer- THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 25 tion of the joint they become inflamed and considerably en- _larged. They are wind-galls of the hock. The sub-cutaneous vein passes over the inside of the hock, and over some of these enlarged bags, and is compressed between the skin and the en- larged bag, and consequently the passage of the blood through it is partially stopped. The blood, however, continues to be returned from the leg and foot; and being thus arrested in its course, a portion of the vein below the impediment and on the side of the hock is called bog or blood spavin. This is a very serious disease, attended with no great pain, but often perma- nent lameness, and a disease too apt to return when the en- largement has subsided under medical treatment. It must be considered as decided unsoundness. Ina horse for slow work it is scarcely worth while to even attack it: Ina horse destined for rapid traveling the probability of a relapse should not be forgotten when the chances of success and the expense of treat- ment are calculated. The old and absurd practice of passing a ligature above and below the enlarged portion of the vein, and then dissecting out the tumors, is not in the advanced stage of veterinary science, and is not practiced by any surgeon who has a regard for his reputation. "The only method of relief is this process: Wash the part affected with hot water and soft soap, and leave plenty of suds on the leg. Let it stand six hours be- fore applying the ointment; apply the Bone Spavin Ointment to the part affected; rub the part well before applying the oint- ment; also afterward, rubbing the ointment in well with the naked hand; let it remain for three days with the ointment on ; grease it below the bunch with lard, so that the ointment will 26 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. not take off the hair; at the end of the third day wash it off q with hot water and soft soap, and grease it again with lard; and — s0 repeat every three days until cured. Blood Spavin Does not always cause lameness, except when the horse is very _ | hard worked, and then it is doubtful whether the lameness should not be caused by the enlarged mucous bag, rather than, — by the distended vein. Both of these diseases, bone or blood q spavin, renders a horse unsound, and lessens his value. , TREATMENT. se Rub the blood spavin with the Black Ointment twice a day, and heat it in with a hot iron, for three or four days. Then wash it off clean and use the English Liniment. Splint. The splint is invariably found on the cutrical of the small bone, and generally on the inside of the leg. Why it should appear on the side of the small bone it is difficult to explain, ee tn except that the space between these bones is occupied by an THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 27 important mechanism (which will be presently described), and. as in the case of abscess, a natural tendency was given them to determine outward, that vital parts may not be injured. The causes of their almost exclusive appearance ou the inside of the leg admits of easier explanation. The inner splint bone is placed nearer the center of the weight of the body than the other, and from the nature of its connection with the bones of the knee receives more of the weight than does the outer bone, and therefere is more liable to injury and inflammation, and this conseqnent deposit of bone. The inner bone receives the whole of the weight transmitted to one of the small bones of the knee. It is the only support of that bone. A portion only of one of the bones rests on the outer splint bone, and the weight is shared between it and the shank. In addition to this it is the absurd practice of many smiths to raise the outer heel ‘of the shoe to an extravagant degree, which throws still more of the weight of the horse on the inner splint bone. These tumors occasionally appear on other parts of the shank bone, being the consequence of violent blows, or other external inju- ries. When the splint is forming, the horse is generally lame. The periostum, or membrane covering the bone, is painfully stretched, but when this membrane has accommodated itself to the tumors that extend it, the lameness subsides and altogether disappears, unless the splint be in a situation in which it inter- feres with the action of some tendon or ligament, or in the im- mediate neighborhood of a joint. Pressing upon a ligament or tendon it may cause inflammation of these substances, or being close to a joint it may interfere with its action. Splints, then, do not necessarily cause unsoundness, and may not lessen the value of the horse in the slightest degree. All depends on their situation. When I have described the situations and causes of 28 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. the suspensary ligaments, we shall be enabled to enter more — fully into this. As for the old remedies, many brutal enough, | bruising the splint with a hammer, boring it with a gimlet, chipping it off with a mallet, sawing it off, stifling down the skin periosteum over it, sweating it down with hot oil and pass- . ing a seton over it, the voice of humanity and the progress of science will consign them to a speedy oblivion. The inside of the leg, immediately under the knee and extending to the inner splint bone, is subject to injury from what is termed the speedy cut, A horse with light action, and in the fast trot violent, strikes the part either with his hoof or the edge of the shoe. Sometimes bony enlargements are the result, at others great heat — and tenderness, and the pain from the blow seems occasionally so great that the horse drops as though he were shot. The only remedy is to take care that no part of the shoe projects beyond the foot, and let the inner side of the shoe be beveled. This part of the hoof, being unfettered with nail, will expand when it comes in contact with the ground, and contract when in the air and relieved from the pressure of the weight of the body; and although this contraction is of no great extent, it will be sufficient to carry the foot handsomely by the leg. Care should be taken that the shoe be of equal thickness at the heel and toe, and that the bearing be equal on both sides. Immediately under the knee we find one of those ligament rings by which the tendons are so usefully bound down and secured, but if the hinder bone of the knee, the trapezium, be not sufficiently prominent, this ring will confine the flexos tendons of the part too tightly ; the leg will be very deficient in depth under the knee. This is called being tied in below the knee. Every horse man recognizes it as a most serious defect. It is scarcely com- patible with speed, and most assuredly not with continuance. THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 29 Such horses cannot be ridden far or fast without serious sprains of the back sinews. The reason is plain. The pressure of the ring will produce a degree of friction inconsistent with the free action of the tendons; more force must therefore be exerted in every act of progression, and although the muscles are power- ful, sufficiently so for every ordinary purpose, the repetition of this extra exertion will tire and strain them. A more serious evil, however, remains to be stated. When the back sinews or tendons are thus tied down, they are placed in a more oblique direction, and in which the power of the muscles is exerted at a greater disadvantage, and therefore both for extraordinary and even ordinary action a greater degree of exertion is required, and fatigue and sprain will frequently result. There are few more serious defects than the tying-in of the tendons immedi- ately below the knee. The fore-leg may be narrow in front, but it must be deep at the side, in order to render the horse valuable, for then only will the tendons have free action, and muscle-force be exerted in the advantageous directions. The recollections of the reader will convince him that there are few good race-horses whose legs are not deep below the knee. If there are exceptions it is because their exertions, although vioe- lent, are but of short duration. The race is decided in a few minutes, and during that period the spirit and energy of the horse may successfully struggle with the disadvantages of form. As they descend the back part of the leg the tendons of the perforated and perforating flexor muscle should be far and dis- tinetly apart from the shank bone. There should be space free from thickenings for the fingers and thumb on either side to be introduced between them and the bone, and that extending from the knee to the fetlock. In a perfect leg, towards the lower — part there should be three distinct and perfect projections visi- 30 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. ble to the eye as well as recognizable by the fingers, at the sides of the shank bone, the most forward of the three the suspen- sory ligament, and hindermost of all the flexor tendons. Where these are not distinctly seen or felt, or there is considerable — thickening about them or between them, and the leg is round instead of flat, there has been what is commonly but improperly — called the sprain of the back sinews. A treatment: Wash the part affected well with hot water and soft soap; Let it remain until perfectly dry; apply the Bone Spavin Ointment to the part aeffcted ; rub it in well with the naked hand; let it remain two days, and then wash it off with hot water and soft soap, and grease it with lard; let the lard remain on 1 day, and if necessary repeat. Grease the leg below the splint with lard. Mad Staggers. The horse suddenly begins to heave at the flanks, his nostrils expand, his eyes unclose, he has a wild and vacant stare, and delirium comes rapidly on. He will dash himself furiously about. There is no disposition to do mischief, but his motions are sudden, violent, and accompanied by perfect unconscious- ness ; and he becomes a terrifying and dangerous animal. This continues until his former stupor returns, or he has literally worn himself out. There are only two diseases with which it can be confounded, and from both of them it is very readily distinguished—colic and madness. In colic the horse rises and falls, but not with so much violence. He sometimes plunges, THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 31 but he more often rolls himself about. He looks frequently at his flanks with an expression of pain, and he is conscious. In madness there may be more or less violence. There is a deter- mination to do mischief, and there is always consciousness. Over-exertion when the horse is too fat or too full of blood, or during very hot weather, is a frequent cause of inflammation of the brain, but what will produce general fever may be the cause of mad staggers. A treatment: Bleed one pailful of blood from the right vein’ in the horse’s neck ; give him 2 oz. of nitre, 4 oz. of laudanum, 20 drops of sassafras in the nitre; put it all together and shake well; add 1 pint of water; drench the horse with this; repeat if the horse is not all right in two or three hours; the next day bleed 1 pailful of blood from the left vein in the neck. Give him my Cleansing Powder twice a day for a week; after that once a day. Sweeny, or Stiff Shoulder. Introduce a seton from the top of the shoulder blade, run- ning it down as far as it is affected, which is known by the flinching. First cut through the skin, then two striffins. In- troduce the needle through or under the striffin. Use a blunt instrument; move it backward and forward! as far as it is tight to the muscle. Let the seton stay in16 days. Apply the Bone Spavin medicine to the string, and in the upper part of the sore put in some of the Black Salve. Use the Common Hoof Liquid on his feet, for in many cases the disease commences in 32 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. the feet. Take the seton out the 17th day, then rub well theg shoulder with my, Black Salve; heat in well with a hot iron, — This will not fail to cure. Don’t fail to move the seton every | morning, by drawing it up and down, and keep the part clean. — Scratches, or Grease Heels. Is caused by high feeding and not giving the horse good care, when the horse is taken to the barn for the night, and by not keeping the barn clean. As a horse that is taken into the : barn with his feet covered with mud, and let to stand in that condition, will take fever, and will in time produce scratches, and if this disease is not cured, it will terminate in grease heel. Grease heel is still a greater disease. This is known by cracks ‘ that break below the fetlock, and sometimes above; cause the legs to swell; sometimes matter will ooze from them. This dis- ease is called almost incurable, although I have cured hundreds of cases with the recipe here given: Give the horse 2 ibs. of Cleansing Powder, add 1% oz. of saltpetre, 1 oz. of pulverized red root, } tb. of sulphur; pulverize; give him a large spoonful morning and night ; wash the leg with hot water and soft soap ; apply the Black Ointment twice a day, morning and night, and do not wash off for 4 days. Wash as before; apply the Black Ointment as before, if necessary, and so continue until cured. See Cleansing Powder. See Black Ointment. THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 33 Swelled Legs. _ The fore legs are often subject to considerable enlargement, but much oftener the hind ones, when the horse does not seem to labor under any other disease, and sometimes from ap- parent shifting of inflammation from other parts. Inflamma- tion of the lungs or eyes not infrequently changes its seat. The hind legs suddenly swell to an enormous degree from the hock and almost from the stifle to the fetlock, attended by heat and extreme tenderness of the skin; excessive and very peculiar lameness. It is acute inflammation of the cellular substance of the legs, and that most sudden in its attacks, and most violent “in its degree, and therefore attended by the pouring out of a great deal of fluid in this cellular substance. It occurs in young horses which are overfed and little exercised, without previous inflammation in any other part. Horses seemingly in perfect health and on full allowance of food, if they remain several days without exercise, will have swelled legs. The arterial cap- illary vessels have conveyed a great deal of fluid to the extrem- ities; from over-feeding, want of muscular exertion, and the perspiration connected with it. The fluid has accumulated, and is lodging in the extremities because the vessels have not the power to return it. A cure for it: Wash the part affected well with hot water and soft soap; leave plenty of suds on the leg; exercise the horse every day ; bandage the leg with cloth very tight every time you wash it; apply the English Liniment; let it remain until dry before using the liniment; rub it in well with the hand, and give him 3 oz. of nitre, 1 0z. of laudanum, 1 oz. of peppermint, in 1 pint of water; shake well, and divide into 2 34 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. doses; give it one hour and a half apart; feed the horse 1 tb. of Cleansing Powder ; give him a large spoonful night and morn- ing; give him 13 doses of arsenic, I dose a day. This never fails. String Halt. There is a peculiar twitching of the hind leg, or convulsive action of the muscles by which it is bent. Is termed string halt. This is an affection of some of the nerves which communicate action to these muscles. It is principally observed when the horse is first taken from the stable, and gradually ceases after he has been exercised a while. It is unpleasant to the rider, but it cannot be called a determined unsoundness. On the con- trary, common opinion has given to the horse with string halt a ‘ cites itn al = more than usual share of strength and endurance, and if it be — an excess of nervous energy, although irregularly exerted, we ~ find no difficulty in associating it with general powerful muscu- lar action. A cure for it: If you find three little lumps along the line of the back, place a seton in each one; put the Blister — Salve on the seton; move the seton once or twice a day ; let the setons remain in until relief is given ; after removing the setons apply the Black ointment, and heat it in well with a hot iron. Slovenish Horse. The horse will mope along lazily; don’t act right or drive as i - he did; acts as though he could not move, even if he ‘is per- — THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 35 suaded by the use of the whip. The food does not seem to do him any good in the way of producing strength or flesh; some will carry flesh, while others will continue to grow poor, and will eat all that is given them. Such a horse should be bled : take 1 pailful of blood from the neck. Then give him this powder: Take my Condition Powder, make 13 powders; put 1 tablespoonful in each powder; then add 4 grains of arsenic, divide into 13 parts; mix with the powders; then take 3 grains of black antimony, divided into 13 parts, and mix with the powders ; give twice a day for two or three days; then give my Condition Powders, 1 tablespoonful at noon each day ; then give the little powders once a day after the first two days until they are all gone; continue the Condition Powders until he is re- stored to perfect health. Feed him bran mashes two or three times a week. The Stifle. The upper bone of the thigh is united to the lower by a somewhat complicated joint. It terminates by two round prom- inences behind, which are received in two slight depressions on the upper surface of the lower bone, and in front is a curious groove, over which plays a small, irregular bone. The whole is called the stifle bone. When the horse is stifled use this lin- iment: 4 oz. of turpentine, 4 oz. of alcohol, and the whites of 4 eggs; put into a bottlé and shake well; let it stand 4 hours; then add 1 oz. of ether, and it is ready for use. Rub this lini- ment on three times a day. 36 ‘THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES, 4 Sore Mouth or Tongue. The mouth runs water; the horse throws the hay out of his mouth. The cause of this sometimes is by placing a frosty bit in his mouth, or by a sharp tooth. Take 4 oz. of pulverized alum, 4 0z. of honey; dissolve the alum in 3 oz. of strong sage tea; add the honey; wash his mouth with this twice or three times a day. This will never fail. Thrush Is a discharge of offensive matter from the cleft of the frog. It is inflammation of the lower surface of the sensible frog, and during which pus is secreted together with, or instead of, horn. When the frog is in its natural state, the cleft sinks but a little way into it. But when it becomes contracted or otherwise dis- eased, the cleft extends in length, and penetrates even to the sensible horn within, and through this unnaturally deepened fissure the thrushy structure and action of the frog takes place. It is found in the hind feet oftener and worse than in the fore, for in most of the stables the hind feet are exposed to the dung and urine moistening and at the same time irritating them. The distance of the hind feet from the center of circulation, would cause in the case of grease more exposure to the acccumulation of fluid and discharge of this kind. In the fore feet thrushes — a ee THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 37 are usually connected with contraction. I have stated that they are both the cause and effect of contraction. The pressure of _ the frog from the wiring in of the heels will produce pain and inflammation, and the inflammation, by the increased heat and suspended functions of the part, will dispuse to contraction. Horses of all ages, in all situations, are subject to thrush. Thrush is not always accompanied by lameness; in many cates the appearance of the feet is scarcely altered, and the disease can only be detected by the peculiar smell of the discharge. In all cases have the horse ‘shod with a smooth shoe. Spread the heel so that the foot has no chance to contract, and pour _butyr of antimony on the frog until it fills the creases; apply the butyr of antimony twice every day for four days; after that once a day. In very bad cases in loss of frog I have found it necessary to poultice the foot with human dung for a couple of days ; then apply the butyr of antimony for six weeks. This produces a new frog. Be sure to have the frog perfectly dry; af- ter applying the medicine drop a little water on the frog, and be sure not to drop any butyr of antimony on the hair. These are tumors of variable size, arising from the cuticle, and afterwards connected with the true skin by means of the vessels which supply the growth of the tumor. They are found sometimes on the eyelids and on various parts of the skin, and on the prepuce. They must be removed by an operation. If the roots be very small, it may be snipped asunder with a pair 9 38 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. of scissors close to the skin, and the roots touched with muri- atic acid, two or three times. Then use the Orange Liniment to heal it up with. This is the only sure way of curing them permanently. This will kill them every time, but be sure that you dissect them well before you apply the muriatic acid. Then there is no danger of their ever growing out again. Whites. This is a discharge caused by weakness, also very injurious to the mare. She will lose flesh, look dull, will not travel as she should, but stray along lazily, with head down as though she is tired and worn out. Give the mare the following, which will effect a cure: Take 1 th. of my Condition Powders 4 tb. of sulphur, | oz. of red root, pulverized ; mix all well together, then give 3 or three tablespoonsful a day. It will be well to give my Condition Powders for a few days before giving this medicine. The mare should be washed out clean with 1 quart of soft water; chloride of zine until it looks like suds or scales ; give her an injection with this medicine every morning and night for 2 or 3 day. This will cure every time if you follow these directions. Worms. The horse eats, but will not thrive; his belly is large, his hair stares. Give him a dose of physic; take 3 pints of lard; next — - SS eee ee THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES, 59 morning 2 pints; make the lard milk-warm; wash the mouth after you give him the lard; feed him the Cleansing Powder and 5 grains of arsenic divided into 13 doses; give it to him twice a day for three days, after that once a day. Water Farcy Is confunded by some with common farcy, by which much con- fusion has been caused—and a great deal of mischief. It is a dropsical affection of the shin, either of the chest or limbs, gen- erally. | A treatment: Feed the horse my Cleansing Powder twice a day in soft bran mashes; exercise the horse twice aday ; take 1 th. of my Cleansing Powder, 3 th. of salts, 4 oz. of ginger, 2 oz. of pulverized red root, 4 oz. of sulphur; mix well; feed the horse this powder three times a day. Rub the swelling with the Orange Liniment two or three times a day; if the swelling does not disappear within two or three days, put a seton in it. Wind Sucking. This bears a close analogy to crib-biting; it arises from the same cause, the same purpose is accomplished, and the same re- sults follow. The horse stands with his neck bent, his head drawn inward, his lips alternately a little opened and then closed, and then a noise is heard as if he were sucking. If I may judge from the same comparative want of condition, and 40 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES, the flatulence which I have described, either some portion of wind enters the stomach, or there is an injurious loss of saliva. This diminishes the value of the horse almost as much as crib- biting ; it is contagious, and it is inveterate. The only reme- dies, and they will seldom avail, are tying the head up except when the horse is feeding, or putting on a muzzle with sharp — spikes towards the neck, which shall prick him whenever he at- tempts to rein in his head for the purpose of wind sucking. Wind Galls. Use the Black Ointment; apply it to the part affected and rub it well with the hand, heat it in with a hot iron; apply twice a day until cured. THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 4] RECIPES A Recipe for Black Ointment, One pint of turpentine, 10 oz. of organum, 10 oz. of vitriol (get it all by weight), and 44 ths. of lard. Melt the lard in an iron kettle, pour in the turpentine first, organum second, and vitriol last ; stir until cold. I am indebted to Mr. Crofoot for the recipe of this salve, which I now give to the public. Condition Powders. This powder is a compound of minerals and vegetables, act- ing as a tonic, removing all obstructions of the liver and kid- neys. As a tonic, it restores lost appetite. It should be given to all horses that are moulting, or shedding their coats, as it is generally termed. It is given in jaundice or yellow water, it 42 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. acts as a diuretic, and should be given to remove all obstruc- tions of the urine. It is perfectly safe, and should be given to the mare when in foal. For worms of all kinds annoying the horse, this powder should be given by adding 5 grains of arsenic to one large spoonful of this powder. Give it each evening for 15 or 20 days. This will never fail. In all cases give 1 large spoonful each day until you have restored the animal to health. Every horseman should be in possession of the recipe for compounding this powder. ; Take 3 tb. of hickory or tamarac ashes, and 1 tb. of corn meal ; sift them both together, and mix them well with the hand; let them stand 24 hours; then add 2 ths. of oil cake, 1 th. of sul- phur, 3 tb. of black antimony, and 3 th. of annis seed, and mix it all together well with the hand. A Cure for Cracked Heels. Take the Black Ointment and melt it in aniron spoon. Pour it into the cracks twice a day, morning and night. , This will cure the worst case of cracked heels. - Egg Liniment. Take 4 oz. ot turpentine, 4 oz. of alcohol; take the whites of 3 eggs; let it stand 12 hours before using (the older this lini- ment the better it is). ——=<— > 3 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES, 48 This liniment is good for man or beast, on wound or sore ; in applying on fresh sores there is no danger of taking cold. Applying this liniment on swellings and rubbing well will reduce them. English Liniment. Take 4 oz. of turpentine, 4 oz. of alcohol, the white of 3 eggs ; shake well; let it stand S$ hours; add 3 pint of linseed oil and -20z.ofammonia. This for horse only. Directions: Rub the part affected well with this liniment morning and night. Eye Wash. Take 5 grains of Chloride of zine, a pint of rain water or dis- tilled water; shake well before using. This wash is proper for man or horse ; get it into the eye. Hoof Liquid. Take 1 pint of fish-oil, 1 pint of oil of tar, 2 oz. of organum, 2 oz. of glycerine; put it all into a bottle and shake well. 44 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. COMMON HOOF LIQUID, Which should be kept in all barns: Take 1 pint of fish-oil, 4 oz. of oil of tar, 1 oz. of barbadoes of tar. Shake well; apply 3 times a week, up to the hair. The Best Heave Powder Out. Two pounds of brimstone; take a bar of cast steel, heat to a welding heat, then quickly place it over the anvil, pass the brimstone over it while it is at a welding heat; touch the brim- stone over it lively; as soon as the heat is off, stop putting the brimstone on. Be very careful with your hands, so as not to burn them; it would be better to wear gloves. Let the contents of this drop into a pail of water ; it will look like sucker, or, in other words, like rubber; take this and dry it in an oven, then pulverize into powders. Feed the horse 3 spoonsful a day for 4 days; feed in the bran, and feed marsh hay wet. I have cured very hard and difficult cases with this recipe; keep the barn neat and clean, especially the horse’s manger ; don’t feed much hay. Common Heave Powder. Give the horse troubled with this complaint 1% tb. of ginger, 1} tb. flax seed, 1 oz. of black antimony, 3 oz. of annis seed and THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 45 5 cents worth of lampblack; mix all together, stir it all up nicely, so that it will be well mixed. Give the horse three tablespoonsful three times a day, 1 in the morning, at noon and night; do not allow the horse to drink any water except that you will prepare by putting in plueing, such as is used for washing. : A Cure for a Pain in the Stomach or in the bowels--- Good for Man or Beast. Take } oz. of laudanum, | oz. of the best of nitre, oz. of pep- permint essence, 50 drops of oil of sassafras; put in with the nitre 1} oz. of water; then add the other medicines; put in a bottle and shake well; take 1 teaspoonful of this in half a cup of water once in 20 minutes; will feel relief in 5 minutes. This medicine I always keep in my house, and use it myself, and have used it for years, for it will never fail to cure any pain in the stomach. For a dose for a horse give from 1 to 2 0z., according to the horse’s complaint. Orange Liniment. Take 1 pint of raw linseed oil, 2 oz. of spirits of ammonia, and shake well before using. in case of rheumatism add 1 oz. of tincture of capsicnm. 46 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. This is one of the best liniments now before the public. It_ is not only good for horses, but equally good for the human sub- ject. For chillblains, frozen feet, chapped hands, chapped lips, — neuralgia, burns, stiff neck, contracted tendons, and swelled — glands. Apply it night and morning, rubbing well with the hand. | For frosted feet bathe the part well before going to bed, and — draw on a woolen sock. For the horse it is used for sore shoulders and back fistula, poll evil, sprains of the limbs or stifle, scratches or grease heel. — It is perfectly safe to use it upon fresh cuts or wounds, upon — man or beast. In using this liniment for scratches or any old sore, first wash | the part with soft water and soap of any kind; then, when dry, apply the liniment with the hand night and morning. Never tie up a wound on your horse if you use the Orange Liniment. For sweeney in the first stage use this liniment every evening, rubbing well the part affected. If of long standing, you will have to use the seton. Physic Balls, The 3 oz. of aloes, 3 drachms of gamboge, 3 drops of the oil of juniper, and make into a pill with a few drops of honey. ‘ Tartarmatic for Heaves. This medicine is given:to horses that have the heaves. Yon will find that it will soon relieve a horse, especially after he has had a hard drive, or been worked hard. They will heave very | much as a general thing. Then give 1 teaspoonful of tartar- matic for a dose, three times a day. This will relieve the ani- mal in a short time. 3 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 47 Exercise, My observations on this important branch of stable manage- , ment must have only slight reference to the agricultural horse. His work is usually regular and not exhausting; he is neither predisposed to disease by idleness nor worn out by exertion ; he, like his master, has enough to do to keep him in health, and not enough to distress or injure him ; on the contrary, the regularity of his work prolongs life to an extent rarely witnessed in the . stable of a gentleman. My remarks on exercise, then, must have a general bearing or reference to those persons who are in middle stations in life; who manage to keep a horse for busi- ness or pleasure, but cannot afford to maintain a servant for the express purpose of looking after the horse. The first rule I _ would lay down is, that every horse should have daily exercise. The horse with the usual stable feeding, if he stands idle for three or four days, as is the case in many establishments, must suffer. He is disposed to fever or grease heels, or to most all of the diseases of the foot. And if after these three or four days of inactivity he is ridden fast or far, he is almost sure to have inflammation of the lungs or inflammation of the feet. A gen- tleman’s or tradesman’s horse suffers a great deal more from idleness than he does from work. A stable-fed horse should have two hours exercise every day, if he is to be kept from diseases. Nothing of extraordinary or even of ordinary labor can be effected on the road or in the field, without sufficient daily exercise. It is this alone which can give energy to the system or develop the powers of any animal. How, then, is 48 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. this exercise to be given? As much as possible under the su- perintendence of the owner. The exercise given by the groom is rarely to be depended upon. It is as inefficient as it is ex- treme. It is in many cases botli irregular and injurious. It is dependent upon the caprice of him who is performing a task, and who will render that task subservient 'o his own pleasure or purpose. In training the race-horse regular exercise is the most important of all considerations, however it may be forgot- ten in the usual management of the stable horse. The exer- cised horse will perform his task, and sometimes a severe one, with ease and pleasure, while the idle and neglected one will be fatigued ere one-half of his labor be accomplished, and if he be pushed a little too far dangerous inflammation will ensue. How often; nevertheless, does it happen that the horse that has stood inactive in the stable three or four days, is ridden or driven thirty or forty miles in the course of a single day? The rest is often given to prepare the animal for the extra exertion, to lay in a stock of strength for the performance of the task required of him ; and then the owner is surprised and dissatisfied if the animal is fairly used up, or perhaps becomes seriously ill. Nothing is so common and preposterous as for a person to buy a horse from a dealer’s stable, where the animal has been idly fattening for many a day, and immediately to give him a long drive, and then complain and think he has been imposed upon — if the horse is exhausted before the end of the drive and is compelled to be led home, suffering from violent inflammation. Regular and gradually inereasing exercise should be given. A young horse requires more than an old horse. Nature has given the young horse every kind of a disposition to activity, but the exercise should not be violent. The rapid trot or even the gallop may be resorted to in the middle of the exercise, but THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. 49 the horse should be brought in cool. If the owner would sel- dom intrust his horse to boys and would insist on the exercise taking place in the neighborhood of his residence, many an accident and irreparable injury would be avoided. It should be the owner’s pleasure and is his interest, personally to attend to all these things. He manages every other part of his business, and he may depend on it that his horse suffers when he neglects. or is in a manner excluded from the stable. 50 THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES. \ \ Crib Biting. This is a very unpleasant habit and a considerable defect, al- though not so serious a one as some have respresented it to be. The horse lays hold of the manger with his teeth, violently ex- tends his neck, and then, after some convulsive action of the throat, a slight grunting is heard, accompanied by an apparent sucking or drawing in of air. Whether, however, air is drawn in and thus the horse becomes more subject to the colic, ora portion of air is expelled, showing the previous existence of — flatulence and a disposition to colic, are questions that have not been settled among Veterinarians. The horse is evidently making the edge of the manger a fixed point by means of which he may overcome that obstacle which formation of the soft pal_ ate and the back part of the mouth would present to either the expulsion or drawing in of the air, it accomplished through the medium of the mouth. When we consider, however, that any air expelled from the stomach might easily find a passage through the nostrils, without the action of crib-biting, while it would be difficult or impossible without some material altera- tions in the natural form and action of the parts at the back of’ the mouth, and particularly the covering of the wind-pipe, to - convey air to the stomach. I am inclined to the belief that this fixed point is used to enable the animal to accomplish this ‘ THE HORSE AND HIS DISEASES! 51 alteration and suck up and convey a certain portion of air into the stomach. The effect of crib-biting is plain enough. The teeth are injured and worn away, and that in an old horse to a very serious degree. A -considerable quantity of corn is often lost, for a horse will frequently crib with his mouth full of corn; the greater part will fall over the manger, and much sal- iva flows out while the manger is thus forcibly held, the loss of which must be of serious detriment, as impairing his digestion. The crib-biting horse is notoriously more subject to colic than other horses usually are, and to a species difficult of treatment and even dangerous. Although many crib-biting ‘horses are stout and strong, and capable of all ordinary work, these horses do not generally carry much flesh, and have not the endurance of others. On this account crib-biting has very properly been decided to be unsoundness. It is one of those tricks that are very contagious. Every companion in the stable with the crib- biter is likely to acquire the habit, and it is the most inveterate of all habits. The edge of the manger will in vain be lined with iron or with sheepskin, or with sheepskin covered with tar or aloes, or with any other unpleasant substance. 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CET EE) ae Ee Se Carriage & Wagon Builders IX THE WORLD| South Bend, - Indiana. RIE P Oop bee 151 &153 Wabash Avenue, CHICAGO; EEN Ofte: The South Bend Chilled Plow CENTRE DRAFT. e1quisn{py ATLOGIAdId THE STEADIEST RUNNING, LIGHTEST DRAFT AND EASIEST HANDLED PLOW ON EARTH? Adapted to all Soils and Kinds of Plowing. Our Sales Show the Largest Increase of any Plow Ever Put Upon the Market. Get the Giaiuine SOUTH BEND CHILLED PLOW. Send for Descriptive Circular of our frees ee tS Oe Y Ow: SOUTH BEND CHILLED PLOW COMPANY, MANUFACTURERS, SOUTH BEND, ~ INDIANA. Branches at INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. COLUMBUS, Ohio. NASHVILLE, Tenn. MILWAUKEE, Wis. HARRISBURG, Penn. A. COOUILLARD, - Manufacturer of Farm, Spring, Freight | and other WAGONS, | CARRIAGES, Light Buggies and Sleighs. SOU Thr BEND» IND: UP. Gls & SON, Proprietors of LIVERY AUYHATTI BOARD, SALE, AND FEED STABLE Located at Nos. 128 & 130 Michigan St., SOU'FH BEND, IND. O 4@ Hack & "Bus Line to and from all trains. 63 Washington Street South Bend, - Indiana, Has, by close attention to business, established the reputation of having the leading GROCHRY, BAKERY and ‘RESTAURANT IN ieee | Coes IF YOU WANT to BUY CHHRAPEHST! If You Want to Sell Best ! IF YOU WANT A SQUARE MEAL! TE YOU WANT teshin besine eee GIVE HIM A CALL. AND SALE STABLES, Corner Michigan and Jefferson Sts,, SOUTH BEND, INDIANA Good Horses and Charges Always Low. Horses Fed by the Day or Week. ANDREW RUSSWUKM, ' Dealer in HARNESS, SADDLES, COLLARS, BRIDLES, ETC, ETC, 31 Washington St., South Bend, Ind. THIS CUT REPRESENTS THE “NEW” Birdsell Clover Separator MONITOR JUNIOR. Moaanutactured SPECIALLY for STEAM POWER. Address, Birdsell Manufacturing Co. SOLE MANUFACTURERS, SOUTH BEND, IND Threshing and Halling Cylinders Run Undershot. Send for Price List and Descriptive Circular. ITS SIDES ENTIRELY ENCLOSED. a =a 4? “2 fe opagersin