Ontario Department of Agricu!ture SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Horticultural Societies FOR THE YEAR 1921 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO TORONTO Printed by CLARKSON W. JAMES, Printer to the King’s Most Excellent Majesty 1922 aS " ve td Ay APS rx & has : Ontario Department of Agriculture SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Horticultural Societies FOR THE: YEAR 1921 PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF ONTARIO TORONTO Printed by CLARKSON W. JAMES, Printer to the King’s Most Excellent Majesty : . * 1922 Printed by THE RYERSON PRESS RSiTY of TORS: §15095 | Op To His Honour HENRY CocksHutTt, Esq. Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of Ontario. May 1T PiEAsE Your Honovr: I have the honour to present herewith for your consideration the Report of the Horticultural Societies of Ontario for the year 1921. Respectfully yours, Mannine W. DoHERTyY, | Minister of Agriculture. ToroNnTO, 1922. [3] CONTENTS. PAGES Qeypens WOE 1922. ........00scsccees SE res ener A 6 FINANCIAL STATEMENT ........-.cccecccecsscscescseee po AES guest ste e ee eseecens 6 ONTARIO HoRTICULTURAL ANNUAL CONVENTION .......-.-- Siac eke Ra me 7 President’s Address: MISS MARY YATES ...-...-eseeee cece cer eserves scrceces 7 Soils and Fertilizers for the Amateur Gardener: E. S. ARCHIBALD ............ 11 A Provincial Horticultural Show: J. E. CARTER ............. Pn 2 RP 13 Floral Adornment of a City and Railway Right-of-Way by a Horticultural Society: Dr. F. E. BENNETT...........-.+++6- ee rire As ey 16 Railways and Horticulture: B. M. Wivecak..:...-..4-0.152-- =: 18 Report of Superintendent: J. LOCKIE WILSON .........-.sseeeesseecceeeeceees 22 Report of Delegate to American Civic Association’s Convention: C. A. HESSON. 25 Report of Representatives to the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair Associations 27 The Iris and its Cultivation: W. T. MACOUN .............-.- Pee ee 28 The Iris: Rev. G. W. "TEBBS «6.22000 0-sc coms «cise eee nines ole one aisle ip ae 31 Kingsville Gardens Illustrated: J. E. Brown: en cuea éwlwen es sel ee 37 The Continuity of Garden Bloom: Gro. BALDWIN .7. 2.055.004 6. c0seeeeenin 40 Some Hardy Flowering Trees of the North Temperate Zone: JNO. DUNBAR .... 46 Bird Friends and Enemies of the Garden: W. EB. SAUNDERS .................. 49 Report of Committee on Names and Varieties ....5.°:.. .2..-. sss00seeeee 53 Improved Home Surroundings: A. TOMLINSON . 4...5......s0+s-s ose 63 Report of Exhibition Committee 2.5... ii .60c00vs ssc us «np ee see 67 Report of Committee on Gladioli Disease ....... Xo we X vis ois secon aie ee 69 Beautifying the Highways of Ontario: H= J. MOORE «sss an os ues een ee 74 A Provincial Library of Lantern Slides: Dr. J. M. BALDWIN ...........0..00: Pee sj Reports of District Directors’ ../.0.6ses0ss50sssee seen ee fee A 80 Co-operation: F. C. NUNNICK .......05525. 6 us5 eee ee ain ite a AS What Relationship Should Exist. Between the: Amateur and Professional Gardener?: W. E. GROVES ......c0c000s00sa55 05s supine ate en 87 STATEMENT OF MEMBERSHIP AND LEGISLATIVE GRANTS ......ccecsccccsccccscvccceses 91 RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES OF SOCIETIES .......cccscescscccvctes Se . 94. [4] ———— ——— = ANNUAL REPORT OF - The Horticultural Societies of Ontario 1921 To the Honourable Mannine W. Douerty, Mumister of Agriculture. Sir,—The sixteenth Annual Report of the Horticultural Societies of Ontario is herewith transmitted, together with the proceedings at the Annual Convention of the Ontario Horticultural Association, and the Financial Statements of the Societies showing their Legislative Grants. Twenty-five Societies were organized in 1921 and the total membership is now about 32,000, and will be largely increased this year, as we already have many applications for organization, particularly from rural municipalities, that are be- ing imbued with the spirit of improvement of farm and home surroundings. Our last Convention was the largest yet held by this Association. Faithfully yours, J. LOCKIE WILSON, Superintendent. [5] OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS, 10922. PHBBUBENE © oi vo vinn as wasce ss en sts uses ts 6 sc Rev. W. M. MacKay, Weston. First Vice-President, ......ccccsccccccscvcs ov evisswene sls J. P. JAFFRAY, Galt. Second Vice-President, «oo 00s ocesec es sie ss 0 antes J. E. CARTER, Guelph. Becretary and Editor, .....cccccccccccesves cusssesseees J. LocKIgE WILson, Toronto. TYCASUTET, 6 ov oivc cece cue cledtee see os shi o5,0:n 5 00 0 gene C. A. Hesson, St. Catharines. Dtrectors:—District No. 1, Geo. M. Stmpson, Ottawa; District No. 2, H. A. MIppLETon, Lindsay; District No. 3, W. P. BarLey, Fort William; District No. 4, T. D, Dockray, To- ronto; District No. 5, Rev. G. W. Texsrs, Burlington; District (No. 6, WM. Harrry, Sea- forth; District No. 7, J. A. Hattman, Kitchener; District No. 8, Dr. F. E. BENNETT, St. Thomas; District No. 9, J. E. Brown, Kingsville. Auditors: W. J. Evans, and L. Gopson, Toronto. Representative to Canadian National Erhibition: WM. FounraIn, Representatives to Royal Agricultural Winter Fair: W. J. Evans, J. M. PEAREN, and T. D. DockrRay. Representative to American Civic Association: J. LOCKIE WILSON. | TREASURER’S REPORT FINANCIAL STATEMENT, FEBRUARY 9TH, 1921, TO FEBRUARY 7TH, 1922 RECEIPTS. Balance on hand as per statement of February 9th, 1921.................. $ 488 87 Affiliation feeS,ATTOATS ..- bse 6.c.0e:s 6 isjae ole Sova cece white eiete) orcas ee ee 5 00 Affiliation fees, account year, 1920-21. 2.020... 65> sete t ue oben sae tele ee 73 00 Affiliation fees account year, 1921-22... 2... 6505. ccc. cb ss caleba se cles ei eee 169 57 Bank interest to November 30th, 2921... .. 66. 62s siieee ss dente se see 8 90 Total. recdipia 2... cutee lee se ee $745 34 EXPENDITURES. Stationery, $2.29; Treasurer’s account, postage, $2.78............eceeeee. $5 07 Honorarium to Secretary, $100; Honorarium to Treasurer, $25........... 125 00 Assistants at Convention, $35; Complimentary tickets to banquet, $10.... 45 00 Affiliation fees, account. year, 1920-21 2.00. .Sens oo ecis ie oes 73 00 H. G.. Dillemuth, plants at Conventiom | ..6. 6. duc cewicls oe smiles es cee 10 00 Miss Halter, stenographer, re President’s letter ..........ccccccccccsccces 3 57 J. G. Jack, Jamaica Plain. Mass., lecture expenses and exchange.......... 28 75 W. BR. Phillips account for printing: . v3.6 ccs seus snr nieie icles 28 56 T. Eaton Co., account, trophy for American Gladiolus Show................ 27 65_— Delegates expenses to American Civic Association, Convention............ 50 00 Expenses account display at Canadian National Exhibition............... 60 15 Legislature restaurant, meals at meeting of Board...............ceeeceess 4 00 Bank charges on affiliation fee cheques...........cccccccerececscessceeeees 4 50 Total expenditure ... .... 0 oes se 00 slsie ule cose cletels weil cane peOTonel iatenetainie nan $ 403 35 Balance on hand |« ..i.:.s0ssssnulitb Genco eee Prey rc 341 99 $ 746 34 St. Catharines, February Tth, 1922. ; . Cc. A. HEsson, Treasurer. [6] ONTARIO HORTICULTURAL ASSOCIATION ANNUAL CONVENTION. The Sixteenth Annual Convention of the Ontario Horticultural Association was held in the King Edward Hotel, Toronto, on Thursday and Friday, February 9th and 10th, 1922. All the delegates were imbued with the idea of a “More beautiful Ontario.” Representatives were present from points as far west as Fort William. PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. Miss Mary Yarss, Port CREDIT. Our affairs for the past year, and those confronting your Board of Directors at the present time, will form the major part of my address to the delegates this morning. Deep and enthusiastic interest, in what Wordsworth called, “Patches of household land,” gives me confidence to ask the Societies to consider at this time some principles of co-operation by means of which the affairs of amateur gardeners may be further developed. Growth should imply proper functioning of the parts of any organization. Connection of these parts with a strong central executive is essential, an executive that is both able and willing to put into effect the policies desired by the majority of the units, for the benefit of the whole. These policies should be defined by the resolutions moved and carried in Convention by the delegates themselves, and they should be most carefully framed for the guidance of the committees appointed to make them effective. The field of our affairs will be considered in two parts, viz: The transactions arising from the resolutions passed by the 1920 Convention and the transactions awaiting action by your incoming board of directors. ‘These will be governed by the resolutions carried by this Convention. TRANSACTIONS ARISING FROM 1920 RESOLUTIONS: 1. Application for increased grant from the Ontario:Department of Agricul- ture was made in March, 1921. I wrote to the Societies asking them to interest their members of the Provin- cial Legislature, by means of the strongest possible local committees, bringing the importance of securing this grant directly to his notice. I asked to be advised immediately the societies had taken local action, as the executive would thereby be strengthened, in laying the matter before the Pre- mier and the Minister of Agriculture. Eighteen M.P.P’s. expressed themselves favourably, and of these, four were Cabinet Ministers. Our application was refused. It would have been better for our cause if the Societies had all taken the matter up actively as they were requested to do. The Minister of Agriculture expressed great pleasure in the progress made by Horti- cultural Societies, and considered that local authorities and individuals are well justified in supplementing the efforts of the Government on our behalf. [7] REPORT OF THE No. 42 eee 2. A display was made by the Association at the Canadian National Exhibi- tion, and a detailed report of this work is laid upon the table. I wrote to. all the Societies, twenty-two of them responded by taking an active part, and these merit the greatest admiration for the manner in which the fine quality of bloom was packed and shipped. A large quantity of flowers were delivered at the Exhibition. Of outstanding merit were—(a) The fifteen large bowls of sweet peas sent from Fort William, stems from fifteen to eighteen inches long, four and five florets to a spike. (0) Fine collections of gladioli from the trial grounds of the St. Thomas Horticultural Society and from Old Oaks, the farm of J. It. Wilson, Clarkson. (c) A basket of. remarkable crimson, seedling currants grown and shown by Mr. J. R. Berney, member of the Owen Sound Society. These at- tracted a great deal of attention by reason of their size, color and long bearing season. (d) The two motor truck loads of bloom from the Markham Society, which were delivered at the grounds and staged by one of their prominent members, Mr. Harry Rolph. . The displays at the C.N.E. have been in the nature of an experiment only. Continuance of them should be carefully considered. Opinion is divided, and the question of a Provincial Show of hardy flowers by the Ontario Horticultural Asso- ciation will be laid before you. Our work at the C.N.E. should be regarded as paving the way for other efforts of a more important character. 3. As one of your representatives to the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair, I~ attended the Meetings of the Horticultural Section of this Board. The show was eventually postponed, as you are aware, but amateur gardeners had prepared to do their part in connection with it. | I may remind you that the Show was scheduled to take place in the winter at a time when the majority of amateurs have no flowers, but in order to show cordial interest in the work of our friends, the Commercial and Professional Gardeners, I succeeded in obtaining two valuable trophies for them. These were promised by the Toronto Horticultural Society and by the Ontario Rose Society and were to be offered in the class for Chrysanthemums occupying 300 sq. ft., and for the best vase of fifty roses, respectively. I have reason to believe the effort made to get these trophies given by amateurs was appreciated. 4. The Nursery Control Act. Based upon your resolution, some action was taken to draft the clauses of a bill, about which I received certain correspondence and which seems to be in abeyance at present. | 5. Co-operation with kindred organizations for educational work was felt to be highly desirable. In order to provide some opportunity for the discussion of policies interesting to all gardeners, your Board has invited delegates from kin- dred organizations named in the resolution, all of whom welcomed this effort at co-operation. It is hoped that the viewpoint of these organizations will be pre- sented during Convention and that a resolution may be forthcoming that will result — in the appointment of a strong committee able to confer upon progressive policies, . especially in regard to Horticultural Annual Shows, that may be held in the dif- ferent provinces of Canada, and also in regard to the Federal Registration of Plants. If a Canadian Council of Horticulture can emerge eventually, amateur gardeners will be glad to co-operate with the other groups. 6. The trophy for amateur competition at the Gladiolus show held in St. Thomas, a silver candelabra, was won by Mr. R. F. Cameron, St. Catharines, with his entry of ten varieties of five spikes each. | 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 9 7. The Extension Service of the Provincial University reports a gzeat wil- lingness to be of service to us. Correspondence may be addressed to Mr. Dunlop, Extension Service, University of Toronto, for particulars regarding the help his Department is prepared to furnish. TRANSACTIONS AWAITING ACTION BY THE INCoMING BoaRD oF D1rEcToRs: In addition to the subjects dealing with technical matters, and civic responsibilities, there are four outstanding affairs requiring ccnsideration: (a) The desirability of a Provincial Show. (6) The Finances of the Association. (c) Education in Gardening, involving the proposed Council of Horticulture. (d) The Relationship of the Amateur with Commercial Organizations. _ rene affairs involved our policies for the future and should be carefully de- ated. Rey. W. M. Mackay, WESTON. PRESIDENT, 1922. . It is hoped that far-reaching resolutions may be carried, and strong committees appointed for conference action. You will observe by the programme that your retiring board appointed five standing committees and the opinion has been expressed that there should also be Parliamentary, Legal and Educational Committees. Organizations should, of course, function by means of their standing com- mittees, and progressive Horticultural Societies will appoint local representatives, with whom the Provincial Committees may correspond, when affairs of importance are being considered. 10 REPORT OF THE No. 42 — The forty-third meeting of the Ontario’ Agricultural Experimental Union was held at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, recently. This year’s president, Mr. J. B. Spencer of Ottawa, is well known to this Association, being a past presi- dent of the Ottawa Horticultural Society, and a frequent speaker at Conventions. The subject dealt with in his address to the Union was the Beautification of Home Surroundings in different parts of the country. The members of the Union were urged to place their knowledge of Horticulture at the disposal of the Organization, and to support the good work being done by Horticultural Societies in the Province. The subject was exceedingly well received. It will be to our interest to find mem- bers of the Experimental Union, living near by, and to invite them to address the Horticultural Societies. The Secretary is Dr. C. A. Zavitz, 0.A.C., Guelph, and he will assist our secretaries in locating members of the Union. Your directors deeply regret having to record the death during the year of the Director of District No. 5, Mr. W. B. Burgoyne.of St. Catharines, whose out- standing love of flowers was expressed in his adornment of St. Catharines with roses. ‘An offering of his favorite flowers was made to Mrs. Burgoyne on behalf of the Association. : The tide of immigration which is expected to come into Ontario in the near future, will only remain contented with Canadian rural life, if happy home sur- roundings can be developed. Loneliness has no terrors for the gardener. Can there be loneliness when the rose is coming into bloom, when the bulbs are bursting through, when the full daisies are beloved? “Dear Earth, I do salute thee with my hand.” It is our part as mem- bers of the Horticultural Association to help the newcomers to make their “house- hold patches” for the sake of both their bodies and their souls. H. J. Moorz: Plant registration has been in effect during the last two years in the Province of Ontario. The matter was taken up nine years ago in a con- vention in London, and subsequently in Toronto, then again in London, and finally | two years ago, Plant Registration was effected. The Plant Registration Depart- ment has been trying to get funds to carry on the work, and we believe now it is in a position to do so. Any information relative to the Plant Registration De- partment may be obtained from me. Literature is in course of preparation. We have been depending upon the fees for registrations to have this matter printed. In a short time we hope to have a supply of literature printed and distributed. Along the lines of suggestion of the president, it would be well if this Associa- tion would appoint a committee to act in conjunction with the Florists, Gardeners, Fruit, Vegetable Growers and Nursery Institutions of Canada, so that we can make this Plant Registration a truly national one. COMMITTEES. The following Committees were appointed: Resotutions: Rev. W. M. MacKay, Messrs. Norman, McQueston, Perrin, Nunnick. ; Nominations: Messrs. J. P. Jaffray, James, Dr. Smith, R. R. Graham, Dr. Scott, George Henry. 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 11 SOILS AND FERTILIZERS FOR THE AMATEUR GARDENER EK. S. ARcHIBALD, Director, C. E. F., Orrawa. Even amateur gardeners must have constantly | in mind the three important factors of production, that is, increasing production, improving the quality of the product, and decreasing the cost of the product. The essential requirement for all these is to have the soil in proper physical condition and containing the necessary fertilizing ingredients in an available form. The study of the above problems, then, is of just as great importance to the amateur gardener as to his professional fellow. SOILS FOR GARDENING: The ideal garden soil is a rich friable loam. Un- fortunately, however, this ideal soil is not available to the majority of those wish- ing to grow garden crops. Hence, it is imperative that the soil available, whatever it may be, either sand, clay, muck or any combination of these, must be so treated and so modified that good results may be obtained. The day is past when it was considered that only a special type of soil was suitable for garden crops. Modern methods of handling soils will permit of profitable crops being harvested from any type of soil which may be available. Time does not permit us to go into any lengthy discussion upon the importance of thorough cultivation of soil, rotation of crops, proper drainage, ete. but every good gardener should thoroughly understand the importance of these. What may be emphasized here in this regard is that proper cultivation includes fall ploughing or digging, working the manure thoroughly into the soil at that time and leaving the land in good shape for spring work. It also includes thorough and constant cultivation of the soil for moisture conservation, destruction of weeds and liberation of plant food from the early spring until the crop has eovered the ground. FERTILIzERS: ‘The fertilizers are of the utmost importance and warrant the most careful study, since such a large percentage of those engaged in amateur gar- dening are doing so at a loss, because they are using fertilizers which are unsuited to their soils or crop conditions. The most important requirement of any fertilizer is that it contain the main fertilizing ingredients, namely, nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash. Analyses show that the first nine inches of our medium to poor soils contain .2% nitrogen, .1% phosphoric acid and .3% potash, or a total amount per acre of 5,000 pounds nitrogen, 2,500 pounds phosphoric acid and 7,500 pounds potash. Considering that a crop of 200 bushels of potatoes per acre contains only 42 pounds nitrogen, 18 pounds phosphoric acid and 60 pounds potash, it is seen that such a crop takes, even from our poorer soils, a relatively small percentage of their actual fertilizer content. The reason why a proper application of manure or fertilizer, or both, to such soils, stimulates production from 15 to, in an extreme ease, 200%, is owing to the availability of the fertilizing ingredients thus applied. Unfortunately we cannot here give this subject the detailed study it deserves, but I would emphasize the need of everyone intending to garden to study carefully the values of manures and fertilizers, the time to apply them and the amounts to apply, not only to suit his or her particular soil but also the type of crop to be grown, since each type of crop requires a special time of application and a res amount of fertilizer applied. 12 REPORT OF THE No. 42 VALUE OF BARNYARD MAnvRE. The value of this cannot be overestimated. Barnyard manure is the most important source of soil fertility which we have. It | not only contains per ton 12 pounds of nitrogen, 4 pounds of phosphoric acid and 10 pounds of potash (these amounts varying more or less according to the source of supply and the care with which the manure has been handled and applied) but above all it is the source of humus or decaying vegetable matter which is of even greater importance to the soil than are the fertilizing elements themselves supplied by the manure. Humus, in its turn, is a source of nitrogen, and, in fact, is the regulating factor as to the preservation of nitrogen and its liberation as nitrates in the soil. In gardening the physical effects of humus are most important to plant growth, and, finally, its biological effects are controlling factors as to whether the soil is to be a “dead” one or “live” one, that is, a soil in which bacterial organisms are breaking down the fertilizing ingredients. CoMMERCIAL FrERTILIzERS: Neither will time permit us here to enter upon a detailed discussion of commercial] fertilizers. We can only again emphasize that this subject demands the most careful study. It may, however, be said here that as yet our knowledge of commercial fertilizers is only fragmentary, hence each gar- dener must study his or her own gardening conditions in the endeavor to ascertain what commercial fertilizer will best suit requirements. Again, the function or place of a commercial fertilizer is to act as a supplement to, rather than as a sub- stitute for, barnyard manure. It should be applied in the minimum amount to obtain the maximum. profit from the resulting crop. This does not necessarily mean the maximum crop, as not infrequently a small increase in yield obtained by a heavier application of fertilizer is unprofitable. Again, the source of the three fertilizing elements contained in commercial fertilizers is very important, as indicating their availability and suitability. Many commercial fertilizers sold contain reasonable amounts of the three main fertilizer ingredients, but these ingredients become available to crops so slowly that they are of little value in stimulating growth at the time they are most needed. A The importance of using a high grade fertilizer rather than a low grade one must also be borne in mind. Although the former may be more expensive per ton the gardener will find that almost always, in securing the high grade product, he is buying his fertilizer units more cheaply. If, after careful study, the gardener is sure that a ready mixed fertilizer is satisfactory for his soil conditions and crops, the purchase of such is to be recom- mended, otherwise it will pay him to buy the various ingredients and mix them according to his soil and crop requirements. In fact, unless one has had experience in applying the individual ingredients rather than compounded fertilizers, it is almost impossible for him to ascertain and understand the requirements of his soil. NITROGENOUS FERTILIzERS: Nitrogen is the most important—in fact the con- trolling factor, in soil production. An adequate supply of nitrogen in the form of nitrates is imperative to the plant if it is to use to the best advantage the other fer- tilizing elements of phosphoric acid and potash. Moreover, growth in the early part of the season for all garden crops and especially for early crops depends upon the supply of immediately available nitrates in the soil. Nitrogen is best supplied ~ by application of barnyard manure, or commercial fertilizer in the form of nitrate of soda. The factors regulating nitrification in the soil are bacteriological activities, warmth and moisture in proper proportions. | On this subject there is a very large amount of information available to readers in the results in published form of years of work on the Dominion Experimental 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 13 en ee Farms. We have indicated the importance of a supply of nitrates in the soil and would, in this connection, emphasize equally the danger of losses through leaching and loss of nitrates, unless the soil is properly worked and cropped. Time will not permit our even mentioning the various commercial fertilizers on the market supplying nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash, but to emphasize the need of studying these we would quote one result obtained with a crop of po- tatoes. Acid phosphate, a high grade and fairly expensive source of phosphoric acid, produced a potato crop of 169 bushels per acre. Basic slag, a distinctly cheaper source but not containing the fertilizing ingredients in such a readily available form, gave a crop of 188 bushels per acre. The source of phosphoric acid, therefore, is just as important as it is in the case of nitrogen or potash and deserves just as care- ful study. | It can only be said, therefore, in summarizing the subject that it is necessary for every amateur gardener, desiring to score the greatest success, to study the character and deficiencies of his soil and to plan to meet these requirements and supplement these deficiencies by the application, at the proper times and in the proper proportions, of manures and fertilizers. He must also understand the re- quirements of each garden crop he proposes to grow and arrange that such crop have at its disposal, when needed, a sufficient supply of the fertilizing ingredients it requires for maximum profitable production, : Miss Biackiock: How would you treat a soil that has a gravelly subsoil and the water very close to the surface, and in the spring the soil is very cold, and in the summer it dries out terribly? Is there anything that would have lasting proper- ties in the way of humus for such a soil besides barnyard manure? Would forest leaves be beneficial before they are decayed, to hold that moisture, or do you have to get them to a certain stage of decay first before they are in the best condition. KE. S. AncHIBALD: I would judge that that soil being cold and late certainly needs drainage as a basis. Under-drainage warms the soil, makes it earlier, simply because there is that much less evaporation necessary. Drainage I believe to be a very necessary consideration there. Then as a source of humus, forest leaves or other material are usually available in such small quantities, and are so difficult and costly to get that it would probably be more profitable to consider leaving say half of that area idle and putting in a good crop of some legume. If the biennial clovers, such as red clover, alsike, are too slow for that purpose, I would say use an annual sweet clover or some of the vetches, and plow it under. When you get a good crop there is no question but the legumes are the second best source of humus. This contributes nitrogen at the rate of 50 to 150 Ibs. to the acre, and when you begin to pay for nitrogen in the form of nitrate of soda, even at present prices, that is a valuable contribution. I would say try to re-arrange your rotation so as.to use a legume for a manure crop. A PROVINCIAL HORTICULTURAL SHOW J. EK. Carter, GuELPH. For some years the question as to registration and getting together in the in- terest in common of Horticulture has been taken up from time to time. Mr. Moore mentioned this morning that the question of registration had already been taken 14 kEPORT OF THE No. 42 up by the Province or a Provincial organization. I am of the opinion, and I think you are, that at as early a date as possible this should be made Dominion-wide. Ontario registration is all right, but in this country I am quite satisfied that what we want is a national registration, whether your plants are in Quebec, Nova Scotia, British Columbia or Ontario. It means there is a registration and standard fixed for that particular specimen, and it means it is undertaken by the Dominion of Canada, not by a province or by an organized body such as the Peony or Rose Society. Some may disagree with me, but if we can advance that idea or carry it out we will be the first country to have a national registration. Would the establishing of a Provincial Horticultural Show advance our work in the Province of Ontario? Bloom on a 71 Year Old Apple Tree in the Moffat Garden, Perth. After careful consideration I am of the opinion that it would be of great as- sistance to this Association and would greatly stimulate the work we are engaged in. A Provincial Show would, however, only meet part of our requirements, as its scope would be Provincial only. This being true, what is necessary to meet our requirements? My answer ig “A Dominion Horticultural Exhibition” embracing flowers, fruit and vegetables. It would be possible through an organization of that kind to secure a Dominion Registration Act that would apply to the entire country. Also a Standard Act or regulation could be developed. These two if properly framed and carried out would greatly encourage the introduction of new, and im- prove the quality of the present, varieties. 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 15 More interest would be created by holding a Dominion Exhibition rather than a Provincial, because to be a winner would mean having the best in Canada. If a Dominion Government grant was given to a Province for the purpose of assisting a Provincial Exhibition, grants would have to be given to all Provinces, the grant being divided would naturally be only about one ninth to each Province. If a Dominion Exhibition is held the total grant would go to one show, this would make it possible to hold a show such as our work warrants. The organization necessary to operate a Dominion Exhibition would largely follow the plan of the Royal Horticultural Society in England. Prizewinners at the Dominion Exhibition would occupy much the same position here that those at the Royal Horticultural Society do in England. The fact that these honors could be secured would make our exhibition the Mecca for all those interested in the advancement of Horticulture. It would advertize Canada and bring exhibits and exhibitors from all over the Continent of America, would demonstrate what can be done by Horticulturists and would greatly develop our work both as professionals and amateurs. It would encourage a broader knowledge of Horticulture in all its branches and would encourage more of our boys and girls to take up the work as a profession. - Live stock and grain judging is now taught at our Agricultural colleges and has become an art. Is it not possible through an organization such as a Dominion Ex- hibition to educate men and women who would be available and competent to judge at our local shows? I say without fear of being seriously criticized that few judges at our local shows have a real knowledge of standards. Let us have judges trained in the art who can, as our live stock and seed judges do, take part if necessary in an International Judging contest. ) Registration and standards would bring from the United States and other countries those desiring to register new varieties. This would make the Dominion Exhibition the best known and as powerful in its scope as any exhibition held in any country. The organizations such as the Horticultural, Vegetable, Fruit Growers, The Rose, Peony, Iris and Gladioli Societies together with the experts in our Federal and Provincial Government’s service make it possible to carry out a Dominion Exhibition and Registration Act. On the 31st of January, Dr. A. H. Scott of Perth, Messrs. J. B. Spencer, George Simpson and the speaker, interviewed Dr. Grisdale, Deputy Minister of Agriculture at Ottawa and placed before him the sub- ject of a Dominion Horticultural Exhibition and Registration Act. Dr. Grisdale was interested and informed us that, provided those’interested in flowers, fruit and vegetables were prepared to co-operate, he would seriously consider a grant and assist in anything that would advance the work of our organizations. ‘In conclusion, I am of the opinion that we can develop the Horticultural inter- ests of the Dominion to a marked degree by organizing a Dominion Horticultural a of flowers, fruit and vegetables and securing a Registration and Standard ct. The Fruit Growers’ Association was in convention in Toronto yesterday. We waited on them, and had a committee appointed as recommended in this paper, and they are also interested with us in the passing of a Registration Act, 16 REPORT OF THE No. 42 FLORAL ADORNMENT OF A CITY AND RAILWAY RIGHT-OF-WAY BY A HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Dr. F. E. BENNETT, ST. THOMAS, We have with us to-day discussing this question Mr. Winegar of the C.P.R., Montreal, and Mr. S. G. Skinner of the Grand Trunk, Toronto, and one of the prominent Gladioli cultivators, from Guelph, Mr. Marr. The trip that I am going to take you on to-day will be “Cook’s Tour of the Flower City,” showing work done by the Horticultural Society of St. Thomas, which embraces about sixty pictures. A number of the slides are here specified. This is one of the bulbs propagated in a worn-out garden spot, due to intense cultivation. Part of the ground had been put in vetches and rye the year before, then it was fed with bone meal. The Doctor here showed another bulb from Hol- land with results which he said they got from intense cultivation and watered with the Skinner irrigation system. Here is the right of way of the Port Stanley Electric road station surround- ings, and here you see a splendidly grassed area, fine maples and a fine rose garden with a border of Erna Teschendorf. Next picture: The station of the Radial railway, a very fine bed in the fore- ground, our Main Street is along here, and this is planted in tulips this year, last year with hyacinths, with a bed of crocuses. That was just like every other railroad yard a year or two ago. The Hydro Station, quite a tasty little station, and splendidly beautified with flower beds, etc. Hydro men are sometimes accused of being tree butchers. These men are tree lovers. Their tree trimming is under the supervision of our landscape gardener. = The Michigan Central Railroad give us $500 a year as a donation towards the keeping up of the work. In another year we hope that every railway area in St. Thomas that is not used as an industrial siding will be used in park areas. You will realize what a benefit that is to any city when the railway areas are beautified. This is the municipal bird house and is the home of the purple martin. We have three of these. A splendid thing for the preservation of bird life, which does so much for us towards the eradication of pests. Going into the working man’s district, I can honestly say there are not five real shacks in our town. This man became interested in Horticultural work, and put up this pretty little home, and has very neat boxes around. Passing on from this we are going down to see the 12th annual show of Ameri- — ean Gladioli, the most successful that Society ever held. Next view will show you one of the class rooms. This is one of Mr. Dyner’s exhibits. He gave to our trial grounds nearly 4,000 bulbs for trial. This is the St. Thomas exhibit in this hall and we are credited with having one of the finest exhibits in all the shows. These flowers are from our trial grounds, except the Purple Glories, which were taken from my garden. 3 We are now in the trial grounds of the St. Thomas Society. The American Gladioli Society have named this as the official trial grounds for Canada. Notice the Skinner Irrigation System. We had, roughly estimating, 35,000 Gladioli planted in rows. The Skinner system throws a stream operated by engines, that keeps our garden in perfect order. We are going to propagate a great many bien- nials there and we have tested annuals that are sent to us. We are growing biennials ——- — 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 17 rm for our own use for auction to our members, so that we will be able to supply our members with them. We expect to hold a large show again on August 23rd and 24th. Mr. Archibald spoke about fertilizers. This year, at the bottom of this trial ground we had the Streets Department deposit the leaves in all that district. Be- tween 700 and 800 loads of leaves are there rotting. Think of throwing the finest fertilizer imaginable away. We have them put in there for next year, when they become an asset, and we have a supply for our members who want to fix up a bed. The grounds themselves are all plowed under and put into rye. Street Improvement Society—the Council’s support was enlisted. This is London & Port Stanley property all along here. This was an unsightly area, fairly good homes, lumber piles, unkept, but now in keeping with the spirit of beautifica- tion, even the lumber yards keep their grounds in beautiful condition. The value of the property on this side has increased enormously, whereas this used to be called just “Railway Street.” The property has increased in value, and of course the as- sessor raised the taxation and that helps the City. Our residential property here has become valuable because they look on this beautiful boulevard. Here was the first bed we put in some thirteen years ago. We put posts here to keep the kiddies back. Now, that was a slander on the children. Children will not touch flowers if you put them on their honor, and ‘tell them they are their beds and teach them Horticulture in the schools. Our membership then was 125 and the people said: “Now, if that is what you are going to do, we will join the Society,” and the membership increased gradually until it was over 2,000 just because we are doing this work and trying to make good. A member of our Council, when we asked for a grant, apologized for not giving us $1,500 last year. A bed of cannas, etc., with a border of geraniums. Last year we got away from the sterotyped bed of geraniums and put in annuals furnished by the Muni- cipal greenhouses. We have about 125 to 150 of these beds—in the spring time they contain tulips, each species being labelled, as an educational feature. A perpetual exhibit in a jeweller’s window, just one or two blooms are set up with the proper name and where grown. This is one of the biggest educational features. | A decorated business corner on Main Street, with little rest seat. The busi- ness houses furnish the plants and do the planting along here and put the vines up though they are guided by the suggestions of the Society, which works out the decoration plan. A fine fountain with little children playing among the spring flowers. Massed shrubbery around the borders of the house—typically fine planting. Another of the waste places reclaimed. The crude fence is to be removed this year. Driveway on one side, and a bed of roses at end, also peony bed with bird house in centre. Peony beds of which Dr. Bennett said “they were very proud,” with Festiva, Maxima and 180 other varieties. A collection of Lilacs. Mr. Dunbar gave us 13 of his own hybrids to add to that wonderful collection of about sixty varieties. A picture of a brakeman’s home, showing lovely pond full of fish, little dock for kiddies’ canoe. Little, fine rustic bridge. The owner left everything 18 REPORT OF THE No. 42 ee EEL EEE EEG Lala. =o as nature had planted it. He did not cut down the sumachs, but planted bulbs, daffodils, etc., all along the hillsides. Mr. Dunbar has given us the suggestion of using hawthorne. A bird house—Mrs. Flicker looking out, Mr. Flicker looking in. Lovers’ Lane. In this picnic ground we are planting all these hillsides with native shrubs, and roses, etc., that is railroad work on the London and Port Stanley. Another view of grounds which have all been beautified by the London and Port Stanley Railway. ADDRESS OF WELCOME. A hearty address of welcome was extended the Convention by Mayor Maguire. Mr. Middleton, of Lindsay, here moved a vote of thanks to the Mayor, which was seconded by Rev. Mr. Scott, and carried unanimously. The President then read the following message from Lady Byng:— “Please convey my cordial greetings to delegates in convention. Much regret I am unable to attend personally.” Upon motion a suitable acknowledgment was sent to Lady Byng. RAILWAYS AND HORTICULTURE. B. M. Winzcar, C.P.R., MonTREAL. I am complimented on being invited to your meeting to-day and to dis- cuss your work with you. I do not consider this a personal invitation but rather one to the Canadian Pacific Railway to send a representative who might tell you something of the work we are mutually interested in. Your societies are doing a wonderful work. You are creating and foster- ing the love of the beautiful. You are getting results which are artistic and you are doing your work effectively and economically. Your cities are becoming more attractive yearly and the fame of many of your local organizations is being widely extended. When Dr. Bennett told me of the extent of the plans of the St. Thomas Horticultural Society, and I had seen the results of the past efforts, I was amazed. Few other communities on the American Continent carry on so comprehen- sive a scheme. Your work is especially gratifying in that you are rewarded in a year or two after your planting. Consider the, poor forester whose efforts are only appreciated by his grandchildren. I wonder if you realize to what extent your ideas are perhaps uncon- sciously taking root with young Canada. The school boy and girl have before them practical illustrations of what city beautifying really means. Later on this work of yours will bear fruit and we shall have in far off towns enthusias- tic gardeners, horticulturists and town planners who come from your homes and your schools, and who have inherited their love of these things from you. To me this is the outstanding feature of your work, perhaps not the most 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 19 pleasing now but one of the big factors in making for clean homes, clean sur- roundings, attractive cities and towns and good clean government. After all, a lively interest in one’s own environment makes for all that is best in life. Why does the Canadian Pacific Railway beautify its hotel grounds, its stations, its bunk houses and its section houses? For the traveller who spends many weary hours on a transcontinental train the sight of a garden is a joy. He appreciates our efforts and his ideas of the town he goes through many times are influenced by the appearance of the station and its grounds. Later on he will say, “I remember that town, there must be a fine spirit there, the station was neat and the little garden was well kept, and the surroundings attractive.” All citizens like a garden at their station because they are proud of their home town and want the stranger’s first impression to be favorable. After all the station is the first introduction to the town, and it should be pleasing to the eye. Lilac Time at the C. E. F., Ottawa. The finest exhibits we have in Eastern Canada have been made and are being made voluntarily, and without cost of horticultural advice or extra time, by the Company’s employees. Here the baggagemaster develops a gar- den, there a locomotive engineer makes the display, here the section foreman, there the agent, or the foreman of the shops does the work. The station agent and the operator, who are the men that you usually meet in transacting business with a railway, like and appreciate a garden, for they get as much pleasure out of this as anything they can do. Many of these men live in the company’s dwellings, many in stations, so the company’s pro- 20 REPORT OF THE | No. 42 ee ee perty is their homes. The agent and the operator make many friends over his garden. When a station boasts of a good garden, the agent is compli- mented by stranger and friends. Most of the company’s section foremen live in a company’s house along the. right of way, and they are especially keen for improvement. I sometimes think that some of the best landscape gardeners we have on the Canadian Pacific are the wives and daughters of employees. A number of our section foremen are members of your societies, and they have been complimented from time to time by your local papers on the showing they have made. The grounds around bunk houses are improved with gardens and lawns, as it makes for comfort for the engine men when away from home. After being on an engine a number of hours a cool, clean, shady spot is appreciated. There is a wonderful amount of horticultural talent among the officers and employees of a big organization like ours. Two of the best gardeners I know are baggagemasters. These men are practical horticulturists. They would deny this if they were asked, but they get results year after year. | Interest and enthusiasm are kept up in gardening by the use of circulars relating to the making and maintaining of gardens, by bulletins which show what others are doing, by personal letters and best by personal contact. We try to see all our people who are interested in gardening. The long waits one must put in at times around railway etaddoas are soft- ened when the garden is interesting. Gardens make for neatness both around the stations and along the road. Neatness means cleaning up all debris and litter which accumulates along a right of way. It sometimes means a habit which includes the salvaging of small parts of equipment which might otherwise be overlooked. I know of no work on a railway which brings such happy results. All officers and employees are interested in the work and our plans are always assisted. As I pointed out before, there is a fine lot of ability along these lines in a big organization like ours. | You can readily appreciate the difficulty encountered in preparing plans and making the proper selection of seeds and plants, shrubs and trees. The distribytion of stock is also a problem. Plants which might do in Windsor or St. Thomas or London or Peterboro or Lindsay will not stand the climate of Northern New Brunswick or Maine. Further, the plant that will do well here is useless along the Company’s lines along the north shore of Lake Superior, especially near White River, which is about the coldest part of our line. Late spring and early fall limit decidedly the species to be used. The Company’s officer in charge of that part of the line north of Lake Superior has discovered after years of experimenting that pansies not only give the most satisfactory display during the spring, summer and fall, but that they still bloom after light snow falls and the early fall. On this part of the line the floral display consists of lawn and pansy beds only. On the prairies we have extremes in climate and little rainfall. Here again the list of plants supplied is necessarily very limited. We supply what we call standard packets of seeds which can be planted directly into the ground and do not require transplanting. Nasturtiums, Marigolds, Zinnas, Alyssum and Poppies. These varieties have been found succesefal for all of our gardens except those north of Lake Superior. 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 21 Bedding plants, Cannas, Geraniums, Asters, Alyssum, Lobelia, Phlox, Mari- gold, Zinnia and Verbena are distributed. Our annual purchases of this class of stock are about 100,000 plants. Besides this we distribute about 90,000 pansies. Ground bone meal in 5 lb. packages are sent to a great number of stations for fertilizer. Trees such as the Lombardy and Carolina poplars, maples, ash and elm are dis- tributed. The most satisfactory shrubs are Caragana, Willow, Honeysuckle, Lilac, Spirea, Japanese Tamarix, Deutzia, Weigelia, Elders and the Mock Orange. The perennials we find most successful are the Delphinium, Gaillardia, Iris, Hollyhock, Columbine, Lychnis, Peony, Phlox, Sweet William and the Pinks. We are making permanent displays at all our stations as far as is possible, as these give the most satisfactory results with the least care. These displays improve from year to year. We supply the Artus, Chrysolora and the Lord Kitchener tulip bulbs for spring display. . ~The purchase of all plants is made by a floral committee with office in Mon- treal. Landscape work has brought me many acqaintances and I hope some friends among you. I admire the man who has for his hobby gardening and I envy the man who owns his own little place and raises the flowers he loves best. S. G. SKINNER, Grand Trunk Railway, Toronto, followed in a brief address, saying: Mr. Winegar has taken up with you very fully the esthetic side of the land- scape work in connection with the railroads. I would like to tell you a lit- tle more in connection with particulars where the Horticultural Societies and the railroads can work together. I think that the Horticultural Societies lost an opportunity a few years ago in not getting after the railroads to put on a Horti- cultural Department to get the stations beautified. It was left entirely to the in- itiative of the railroads. That was one place where the Horticultural Association slipped up. However, both the C.P.R. and the Grand Trunk now have a full work- ing Landscape Department. It is their policy, wherever possible, to beautify each and every station. They are starting, of course, with the larger stations and with competitive points, but their intention is to gradually work in the smaller and less important stations. Now as to the ways in which the horticultural societies can co-operate with the railroad. We have already had a few examples of that. I can mention particularly where the St. Catharines Horticultural Association co- operated with the Grand Trunk. Many of you who have passed through St. Cathar- ines over the Grand Trunk within the past three years will have seen a great change there. A large part of the work was at the expense and under the direction of the railway but the local Horticultural Society must be given credit. They allowed us, I think, approximately $800 worth of material. They also gave us suggestions as to the methods in which we should go about (fixing up our property. At that place we spent something in the neighborhood of $2,500, including the station. Now that is exceptional. We don’t as a rule, spend as much money as that but the policy of the G.T.R. and the C.P.R. is to do their best and beautify the station as much as possible. ~The Horticultural Society of St. Thomas, with which Dr. Bennett is connected, has done’a great deal in connection with the London and Port Stanley Railway, and they have also assisted us, and the St. Thomas Horticultural Society has given 22 REPORT OF THE No, 42. eee every other town something to live up to in connection with station surroundings. It has been an education both to Mr. Winegar and myself, although we have been on this work for a number of years and we have learned a great deal from St. Thomas. . On behalf of the Grand Trunk, I would like to invite members of any Associa- tion through whose town our lines pass, to offer me suggestions, and to get in touch with us at any time. We will be only too pleased to co-operate with the Horticul- tural Societies in the towns at any time. REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT J. Lock1E WILSON, TORONTO. No organization in this Province has made such rapid and substantial growth as the Horticultural Societies of Ontario. Last year the membership was 32,000, and the expenditure of the Societies was correspondingly great. ‘The number of branches was increased by twenty-five, the largest in any one year yet recorded and the gospel of the beautification of cities, towns, villages, and rural municipalities and particularly home surroundings is reaching into the farthest corners of our banner Province. Nineteen twenty-two will, we are confident, eclipse the splendid success you have attained in the year just closed. Applications from every section of the Province have been made to me for speakers to spread the desire for a more beautiful Ontario, but the grant at my disposal is limited and I have been unable to comply with many of the requests. The year just closed has been the best in the history of our organization and the officers and directors elected by you have been energetic and enthusiastic workers and the good accomplished reflects credit on all concerned. The exhibit of our Association at the Canadian National Exhibition was a creditable one, and entailed great labor and a good deal of expense to the societies which assisted in supplying flowers. I am doubtful, however, if the labor and ex- pense entailed brought very much advantage to our Societies, as professional florists and such exhibitors as Sir Henry Pellatt, Sir Jno. Eaton and others were able to make such a varied exhibit in the Horticultural Building, which somewhat detracted from the display of our amateur Horticulturists. The continued renewing of our exhibits during the two weeks of the Exhibition entailed a good deal of labor, and it will be for this convention to decide whether the exhibit will again be put up, especially since the Canadian National directors refused to lend any assistance, financial o1 otherwise, in the putting up of the display, such as they did the first year, although our exhibit by amateur horticulturists ‘chiefly benefited them by brightening up and making more attractive the general display in the Government Building. _ For the first time we have with us representatives from professional organiza- tions in Horticulture, representatives of those who make a business of producing our requirements in a commercial way. Ours, it is clearly understood, is an or- ganization of amateurs and it is of interest to us that those engaged in the pro- duction of high class seed, bulbs and shrubs and the introduction of newer and more beautiful plants and flowers should receive every encouragement from us in the 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. BB work they are doing, and we expect them, where our Societies buy in a wholesale way, as they do, to give us substantial reductions from the regular retail price list. If the commercial florist is more successful, financially, to-day than ever before in his history, he owes it to the 32,000 members of our Societies and their families that have had inculcated into them a greater love for flowers and a con- sequent consuming desire to increase the bloom in their gardens. In MEMORIAM. Recently there crossed the Great Divide two of our noble workers for the cause we have at heart. In the passing of the late W. B. Burgoyne, Canada has lost one of her most enthusiastic and enterprising citizens, one who was known far and wide for his energy and unfailing devotion to the cause he had at heart, the making of his country a more beautiful and more livable place for all. He began this work in his home city of St. Catharines nearly twenty years ago, and his heart was set on making it the Garden City of Canada. His wonderful work will live throughout the years that are to come, and men will rise up and bless him. When the flowers in the beautiful rose garden that he donated to St. Catharines bloom in the incoming springs, the generous donor will continue to be remembered. Time will not permit, nor is it necessary to recount the numerous benefactions of this patriotic citizen. His last act was to leave in his will $10,000 to be utilized for an additional park area for the city he loved so well. W. B. Burgoyne was the first president of our Association, and was a member of our Board continuously since the inception of the Ontario Horticultural Association. It is not too much to say that never again will we be honored by a greater worker in the cause of civic improvement. He leaves a place in our ranks that can never be filled. The late John Glassford, Chatham, though not so widely known as Mr. Bur- goyne, was an honored member of our Board and an earnest worker in our cause. He, too, will long be remembered by his associates as an untiring official and a worthy citizen. We all deeply deplore his passing. RuRAL CEMETERIES, A line of work which has been undertaken by some Societies is the care of ceme- teries adjoining towns and villages, and a great deal of improvement has been ac- complished. Societies which derive a portion of their membership from rural homes. and those which are organized as township Societies could extend this work to em- brace cemeteries in the country, now often sadly neglected and also the private burying plots where those “forefathers of the hamlet” sleep, whose energy and per-. severance carved out for themselves and us homes from the primeval forests that at that early date covered this land. Many of their descendants have died out or have migrated to other countries, their farms have passed into the possession of strangers, who have no concern for the sacred dust that lies beneath the sod, and the headstones with the names of those stalwart pioneers inscribed thereon, have fallen and are over- pTown with bushes, weeds and grass. Here is a splendid opportunity for good work by our members. We have built monuments and memorials to our gallant war heroes, why should we forget the last sleeping places of those who blazed the trail and hewed down the forest on the country side? Much time and discussion are being indulged in, bewailing the fact that boys- and girls are leaving their farm homes and crowding into urban centres. Day in 24 REPORT OF THE No. 42 and day out in the press and from the platform this is being announced without propounding satisfactory remedies therefor. I am of the opinion that if twenty years ago Horticulture and the beautifying of homes and their surroundings had been given their proper place in particularly our rural schools, and if trustees had been encouraged and shown how to improve school surroundings by the planting of trees, shrubs and flowers it would have created a pride and have inculcated the love of the beautiful in the minds and hearts of country boys and girls for the things that really count in life, and there would have been a greater desire to remain in Mock Orange. : the healthful country home. We can do something through our rural Horticultural Societies to retrieve omissions of the past by sending expert lecturers to rural sections and giving every encouragement to the brightening of rural homes and rural schools and advising as to the laying out of their grounds and the proper varieties of trees, plants, shrubs and flowers best suited to the different localities. Do treeless, shrubless, flowerless home surroundings tend to make contented and happy the boys and girls who are now said to be leaving the farm houses of On- tarlo in an endless trail? I trow not: but I know, as you know, that in number- 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 25 less farm homes in our Province the things that count are not neglected and on these farms the boys and girls remain contented and happy and the lurid glare of the city streets with their dust and noise and madding crowds have no lure for them. Where these better conditions do not prevail there is work for this Association to do. We are pleased to know that Mr. H. J. Moore has been appointed to arrange for the planting of trees and flowering shrubs along the new highways that are being constructed, and which will add so much to the financial, as well as, the «esthetic side of Ontario’s citizens. In the improvement of their station grounds the Canadian National and Can- adian Pacific Railways are progressing. They have done something in this regard. Much yet remains to be done. In closing, I wish to thank you all for the harmony that has always existed be- _ tween my branch of the Department and the officers and members of this Association. May we never grow weary in well-doing and your splendid record never fade, for, after all, a life of service is the only one worth living. The reward for work well done will be sure and certain. I thank you. Mr. J. P. JaFrray, of Galt, in a few complimentary words, moved a vote of thanks to the Secretary for his comprehensive report. Rey. Dr. Smith, St. Catharines, seconded the motion, referring particularly to the death of Mr. W. B. Burgoyne, and expressed appreciation on behalf of the Society to the city of St Catharines for the kind words spoken of Mr. Burgoyne. Carried. REPORT OF DELEGATE TO AMERICAN CIVIC ASSOCIATION’S CONVENTION. C. A. Hesson, St. CATHARINES. The American Civic Association was organized in 1904 for the promotion of city, town and neighborhood improvement and for the protection of natural beauty. It has assisted hundreds of communities to improve living con- ditions, has issued many bulletins on housing, zoning, city planning, parks and playgrounds, billboard control, smoke prevention and related subjects; it is pre pared to render service to individual as well as civic groups of civic-minded men and women. Your delegates appointed to the Convention of 1921 consisted of Mr. J. Lockie Wilson, Mr. G. H. M. Baker and myself. Mr. Baker found it impossible to attend. The Convention was held in Chicago, somewhat later in the year than usual, Nov- ember 13th to 17th, and upon the invitation of the Chicago Association of Com- merce, with the active support of the City Club of Chicago and the Woman’s City Club of Chicago. . The delegates were welcomed by the Chicago Convention Committee. of which Mr. Clifford W. Barnes is chairman—he being also the promoter and president of the well known and much talked of services of The Sunday Evening Club in Orches- tra Hall, and a meeting which your delegates were fortunate enough to be able _to attend. They were given seats on the platform facing some three thousand (thousands having been turned away for lack of room) of the non-church goers of ~ >) REPORT OF THE No. 42 the city, taken from all classes and all nationalities, and whose manifest interest and pleasure in the services held were most remarkable, affording indubitable evi- dence of what can be done in the way of social service and uplift if only proper mediums are used to reach the people. After the Song Service and informa] Bible Talk with prayer by the Rt. Rev. Samuel Fallows, D.D., LL.D., Bishop of the Re- formed Episcopal Church and Vice-chairman of Chicago Chapter, American Red Cross, the meeting was addressed on the then subject of subjects, The Washington Conference (the first meeting of which had just taken place), the speakers being Miss Jane Addams, of the Woman’s International League of Peace and Freedom, and Hon. John Barton Payne, former Secretary of the Interior in President Wilson’s Cabinet and President of South Park Commissioners. The week of the Convention was known as “Civic Revival Week” in Chicago, there being also an annual convention. The City Managers’ Association, The National Association of Civic Secretaries and The National Municipal League. One regrets to report that the agenda of the ‘Convention carried but little matter of vital or special interest to this Association, though the subjects discussed were all relevant to our work; for instance, under the heading “Who is doing the civic work in our towns,” we had papers read on “The Chamber of Commerce,” “The Forum City Club,” “The Militant City Club,” “The Men’s and Women’s Civic Clubs,” “The Real Estate Board,’ “The Technical Societies,” “The Municipal Voters League,” “The League of Women Voters,” “The Bureau of Municipal Re- search,” “The Council of Social Agencies,” and a debate on “Can a Modern Chamber of Commerce Satisfactorily do the Work of Civic Associations?” Amongst other heads of discussion were “Popular Support for Civic Programmes,” “Gains against the Nuisances,” “Real Reductions in ‘Cost of Small Houses,” “Our National Parks and Playgrounds,” “What Zoning can do for Chicago,” “High Cost of Housing,” these all again divided under various sub-heads. Judging from these papers, especially from those first referred to, all the agencies mentioned are essential to the welfare and betterment of civic work, but it is to be noted that work, such as carried on by this Association and its affiliated Societies, has not as yet been found to be essential or worthy of being brought up for discussion. From the discussion on the subject “Popular Support for Civic Programmes,” I bring you this. Concentrate on the one thing you want, then get two or three others to become equally interested and enthusiastic, then organize, educate, start a publicity campaign, collate all the laws bearing on the matter, then finance and follow up with a fortifying of your position gained, by providing for continuity of action. On the subject of “Park Needs” there is this point: First get recreation or playgounds, this influences (through their enjoyment, especially by the children, and as evidence of things accomplished) any subsequent: effort in behalf of the larger plans for park areas in any community. Under the head of “Nuisances” there was an outstanding paper, “What do We Know about Smoke?” this was read and illustrated by a Mr. Monette, a recognized authority, and one whom this Association would do well to invite to a future convention. Under “Billboards,” we had an address from Mr. J. Horace MacFarland, which was quite interesting and disclosed a fact, (which seemed to be considered an advance made) that the Supreme Court of the United States has found that a city 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 27 or municipality may pass an ordinance prohibiting billboards in certain sections ofacity. Thisis apparently a recent finding ; we in this country appear to have had this authority for some considerable time, though not exercised as fully and generally as it should be. On the subject of “Shade Trees,” it has been held by three Courts of the United States that a man acquires a right in trees on adjoining private or public property, and if the trees are destroyed he suffers claimable damages. This seems to go rather farther than any rights of similar nature acquired, much less exercised, by our citizens. One could almost expect to be fully satisfied were our people only fully seized of the rights they have under The Ontario Tree Planting Act and cer- tain clauses of The Consolidated Municipal Act, whereby they have ownership in the trees on the adjacent highways, and were they more insistent in standing up for those rights. | Your delegates were much impressed by the comparatively small attendances at the sessions of the Association, this in view of the nation wide territory and the di- versity of ideas and aims covered by the Civic Association as well as of the fact that joint sessions were held with so many kindred Societies, and of the apparent interest and assistance, evidenced on the programme, on the part of prominent Chi- cago citizens and public bodies. Our Association does not require to apologize much less feel ashamed over lack of attendance or of interest or of educative and helpful material to be found at any of its Conventions. To see how the other fellow does it is always useful, and your delegate, whilst 1egretting the paucity and meagreness of “meat” he is able to bring back, yet is most thankful for the privilege afforded him of meeting many noted. and clever people with high ideals, and he trusts the future may not adjudge him as being amongst those who possibly are to be found in our Societies for what they can get out of it, rather than for what they can give. The pathways we tread in the gar- den of our efforts:in local Societies, as well as in this Association, are unsurpassed for applying to ourselves this question, and for application of the Christian injunction, “Tt is more blessed to give than to receive.” REPORT OF REPRESENTATIVES TO THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL WINTER FAIR ASSOCIATION Your representatives attended the annual meeting of the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair Association, held on March 2nd, 1921. At that meeting representation was given to the Gardeners and Florists As- sociation of Ontario and the Toronto Retail Florists Club. The delegates of these two organizations with those from the Ontario Horti- cultural Association constituted the Horticultural section. Three directors were selected from this section, namely one from each of the organizations represented. The committee of Floriculture prepared a very extensive prize list of thirty- five sections, grouped in nine classes. The prizes in each section numbered five (with the exception of one in which there were six prizes). These prizes totalled over two thousand dollars and were supplemented by donations of two gold and two silver medals and a trophy by the Toronto Horticultural Society and a trophy each by the Toronto Agricultural Society and the Rose Society of Toronto. SS) CO REPORT OF THE | No. 42 The prizes in each instance were of the same value, i.e., the winner of the second, third, fourth and fifth prizes received the same cash premium as the first prize winner. This system of awarding prizes, while somewhat unusual, was ex- pected to create a greater interest than the system that prevailed in other shows. It is a matter of regret that the Winter Fair was not held in 1921. The reason of this was due to the unfinished condition of the Arena. The dispute between the directors of the Winter Fair and the City of Toronto is a long story, and nothing would be gained by detailing it here. However, this has now been happily settled, and the officers and directors of the Association are engaged in preparing for the Winter Fair to be held in November next. The success of the Winter Fair will be greater by reason of the enthusiastic support it hopes to receive from the Ontario Horticultural Association and the in- dividual Horticultural Societies. Respectfully submitted, | JW. J. Evans. J. M. PEAREN. Mary YATES. THE IRIS AND ITS CULTIVATION. W. T. Macoun, Dominion HorvTicuLturist, OTTAWA. It does not seem so long ago, to those of us who are getting past middle life, when all the irises we had in our garden were a very few, such as Jris pumila, the delightful fragrance of which is, to at least some of us, a glad reminder of the first spring days in the gardens of our childhood. There was also the old reliable, but beautiful Iris florentina, and the large purple-flowered Germanica. These, with Iris flavescens completed the list, as far as my memory serves. Outside of these few what other iris had we in Canadian gardens? Now all is changed and hundreds of lovely varieties are available to make our gardens more delightful and interesting. So popular has this charming flower tecome that it has its own American Iris Society, with a great test garden at the New York Botanical Gardens, and several supplementary ones. Blooks have been written about it, the two most noted being “The Book of the Iris” (Lynch), end “The Genus Iris” (Dyke). We who are iris enthusiasts think that there is no group of plants which affords more delight than the iris. There are more shades of colour than in most other kinds of flowers, and the light, delicate texture of the flowers, com- bined with their graceful form and delicate fragrance, are points much in their favor. The Greeks gave the iris a very appropriate name when they called it the “Rainbow Flower,” for there must be all the colours of the rainbow in this beautiful plant. As cut flowers they are most useful, the buds opening readily indoors. They have a long blooming season, beginning almost as soon as the snow is away and continuing until the end of July. And, finally, many excellent varieties can be obtained at a low cost and will multiply very rapidly. But it is upon the more prosaic side of the iris that I am to speak, namely that of culture, and one can say briefly that they are of very easy culture, succeeding in a great variety of soils. : For the bearded flag or German iris, a rather dry soil. is desired, but they have succeeded well in both very light and very heavy soils at Ottawa. A sandy 922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 29 am soil, well drained, and well enriched, ensures perhaps the most satisfactory sults. The roots of these iris are near the surface, hence a soil which will not ten heave with frost is desirable, as they will become too shallow, and the umps have to be renewed oftener than they otherwise would. The Siberian and Cup Presented by the Palmerston Merchants to the Horticultural Society for Competition. Japanese irises need a moist soil to be at their best, and look well by ponds or treams, but in a good garden soil one can have these succeeding well with the earded flag iris. The bulbous irises, such as the English and Spanish, also lo very well in the average garden. | 30 REPORT OF THE No. 42 In our experience irises may be planted successfully at any time from early in the spring until the ground is frozen in late autumn, but perhaps the most satisfactory time to plant the bearded flag iris is between the time they have done blooming and early autumn. If planted then, they will become well rooted be- fore winter sets in, and there will be a good bloom in the spring. Spring is a good time to plant the Japanese iris, or they may be planted with good results in autumn also. The bulbous iris are planted in the autumn as soon as bulbs ean be obtained. The bearded flag iris should be planted quite shallow, the fleshy roots being barely covered or with not more than an inch of soil. Gréat losses have occurred from planting these iris with several inches of soil over the top of them, especi- ally in damp soils, as the roots rot under these conditions. It is natural for them to have the fleshy roots close to or even on the surface of the soil where they are subjected to the summer sun and heat. Pieces of roots may lie around for weeks in the summer on the surface of the soil, which, if replanted, will soon grow. There is more danger of the iris being killed by apparent kindness than by apparent neglect. It can be readily seen that when the roots of the iris need to be exposed to the sun, which they become by this shallow planting, it is im- portant to plant the bearded flag iris where they will be in bright sunlight most of the day. Where shaded they will not bloom well. The bearded flag iris multiplies very rapidly and after a few seasons the centre of the clump becomes weak, and if the most and best bloom is to be obtained from the area of ground it occupies, it is necessary to divide the clump and re-plant it. The old clumps may be left for a season or two, after pieces have been taken off them, until these new clumps are large enough to ensure a good display of bloom. It is even more important to divide the clumps of Japa- nese iris than it is the bearded flag iris, especially when they are grown in the average garden and have none too much moisture, as the tufts or clumps soon become thick and there is apparently not that free flow of sap which is essential if there is to be free blooming, hence the clumps should be divided at least every three years. When growing along a stream or in springy places they may be left longer without dividing. The iris has few enemies and the most serious seems to be a rot disease which, however, in over thirty years’ experience at Ottawa, has given us little trouble, but which has destroyed many plants in some places. The following method of treating iris affected with this rot is employed by one of our Ottawa iris enthusi- asts. The affected plant is dug up and the diseased part cut away until healthy tissue is reached. When this is done, another clean knife is used to cut off an _ additional thin slice, after which the roots are soaked in a two per cent. solution of formalin for a time, which should not exceed ten minutes. This two per cent., which should not be confounded with other and perhaps better known two per cent. solutions, is made up by using about two teaspoonsful of formalin to a pint of water. No doubt soaking the soil with this formalin would also be beneficial if it is necessary to re-plant in the same place. Where only a small ‘part of the plant is affected, the disease could be cut away and then the injured \part sprayed with formalin. The leaves of iris often are spotted with disease which is most noticeable after the blooming season, but at Ottawa this has not been found to affect the blooming for the following year to any appreciable extent, and the plants are not treated for it.. 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 31 The following is a list of best sixty late May and June flowering Bearded Flag Iris, Horticultural Division, Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ont., 1921, arranged in thirteen color groups. 1. White predominating on standards and falls. Florentina, Mrs. H. Darwin, White Knight, Bridesmaid, Innocenza. . White feathered or suffused with bluishlavender and bluish-purple. Ma-Mie, Madame Chereau, Mrs. G. Reuthe (Lord Seymour and Maid Marion are very similar), Fairy. . White, or white and purple standards and purple falls, Clio, Rhein Nixe, Victorine, Duc de Nemours. . Yellow predominating on standards and falls. Mrs. Sherwin Wright, Mrs. Neubronner, Flavescens. . Pale yellow standards and wiolet-purple falls, Princess Victoria Louise, Loreley, Darius, Gracchus. Yellow standards and brownish or maroon falls. Iris King, Maori King, Mithras, Honourable. . Lavender blue and bluish-purple predominating on standards and falls. All pallida varieties. Albert Victor, Celeste, Juniata, Mary Gray, Tineew, Imogen, Dalmatica has a very fine flower but is a shy bloomer. 8 Bluish-purple standards and bluish-purple or deep purple falls. Oriflamme, Amas ((Macrantha), Chester Hunt, Blue Jay, Alcazar. 9. Pale purple standards and purple falls. Perfection, Malneri, Salvatori. 10. Purple standards and purple or dark purple falls. Kharput, Black Prince, Sappho (Othello is very similar), Pare de Neuilly, Archeveque, Monsignor. 11. Lilac and rose predominating on standards and falls. Queen of May, Coquette, Her Majesty. 12. Violet and reddish-purple predominating on standards and falls. Caprice, Edouard Michel, Lohengrin, Mandralisce, Madam Pacquitte. 13. Dusky or dull coppery standards and rich maroon falls. Jacquesiana (Jacquiniana), Prosper Laugier. Arnols, Red Cloud, Nibelungen. Best Twelve Varieties, Fiorentina, Mrs. H. Darwin, MaiMie, Perfection, Princess Victoria Louise, Iris King, Albert Victor, Alcazar, Chester Hunt, Kharput, Caprice, Jacquesiana. Best Twenty-four Varieties. Florentina, Mrs. H. Darwin, White Knight, Ma-Mie, Madame Chereau, Mrs. G. Reuthe, Rhein Nixe, Mrs. Sherwin Wright, Princess Victoria Louise, Iris King, Albert Victor, Celeste, Pallida Dalmitica, Juniata, Alcazar, Amas (Macrantha), Chester Hunt Perfection, Kharput, Parc de Neuilly, Black Prince, Caprice, Edouard Michel, Jacquesiana. This list is divided up into thirteen different color groups, a grouping which was devised at Ottawa, which may not be thought suitable, but which we would like the convention to pass upon. In this list, are not included the very new sorts of Iris, because our idea is to raise the standard of the Iris in as large a number of gardens as possible in the shortest time, and that can be done by advocating the planting of the best sorts which can be obtained. To-morrow we will supply with the reports of Committee on Names and Varieties, a list of the newer Irises. a pt » @ THE IRIS Rey. G. W. Tessas, BURLINGTON. The beauty of the Iris is proverbial. Its name sends us back to the rain- bow and the eye, two of nature’s most beautiful objects. To appreciate its rare beauty, its soft iridescence, you must gaze down into its heart. Mysterious as the opal with its ever-changing fire, its marvellous structure more wonderful — 32 REPORT OF THE No. 42 than the Orchid, so fragile as to be crushed by the slightest pressure, its beauty seems wholly ethereal, making you dream of far-away things—like the smoky clouds at dusk, or the rainbow in the glistening sun. How is it possible accurately to describe a flower of such changing hues? A little girl of ten, trying to de- scribe the Iris, said, “I really can’t tell you what color it is, but it’s every kind of fairy color.” If you yield to the magic spell of the Iris it will lead you across the border into a wonderland of delight, for an Iris garden is a floral world in itself, so vast that to mention all the interesting forms would be impossible, as there are about 170 distinct species, and varieties innumerable. The passage of the Iris through the spring and summer months is like that of a grand proces- sion, the first glimpses of which may be had when the dainty Alpines and Pumilas first appear in April, closely followed by the various dwarf forms in April and May, in ever-increasing boldness of form and color, till June ushers in the great Ger- mania family—those Bearded Irises with their broad masses of color. In quick succession come the tall Sibiricas and the still taller varieties of Aurea, Mon- nieri and Gigantea, until with a great burst of splendor, come the Japanese Irises, the crowning glory of all with their great blooms a foot in diameter, rising on tall stems to a height of 5 feet—the royal family, arrayed in richest blue and purple and gold—and the pageant reaches its climax. And yet, before the memory of the glory that has passed has faded away, we are reminded of that to come, when in November the Crimean Irises, yielding to the allurements of the warm Indian summer days, break into bloom here and there, as if too eager and too impatient to await the coming spring. . The Iris is the flower for the million and the millionaire—it cests little, it yields much. The following eight points are distinctly in its favor as a flower for the amateur’s garden: its fragrance, its beauty, its durability, both as a flower and for its foliage, its hardiness, its profusion, the duration of its blooms, its adaptability, and its freedom from disease. As I write this, in the month of January, the foliage of my Iris standing in the snow is as fresh and green as in June. Unlike many other perennials it will continue to grow, yielding best results without replanting for many years. It is so hardy that it asks for no protection, and it is immune from disease. And then one of its strongest points is that there is nothing easier to grow. Often in neglected gardens one sees large clumps of bloom flourishing as in the years of care; and yet, it will amply repay any attention that is given to it. It will thrive in any soil, but succeeds best in deep, rich, moist clay loam. Care must be taken in supplying it with its requirements as a gross feeder, lest the application of its food be too strong, and its growth made thereby rank and coarse. Do not use fresh manure. In arranging the Iris garden much depends upon the taste of the owner. Along walks and drives, the borders of the shrubbery and near the waterside ideal locations may ke found. The dwarf varieties make a very pretty edging to larger © beds, and look most effective when planted in front of the taller kinds. Wonderful landscape effects may be obtained by planting Irises in broad — masses, around the margin of a pond, or along the banks of a stream. I was in- vited last summer for a day’s fishing on a Trout Club’s pond near my home. The pond was used for water power for a grist mill and the Club house was on a small. island in the middle of the pond. The members had planted clumps of Iris all 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 33 en ee eee round the island and the beauty of the Irises on the day I visited the pond was indescribable. The Japanese varieties love the water, and the Psuedo Aeoris varieties will never do as well anywhere else. A little higher the rest of the Apogons may be planted and still higher on the drier ground, the taller bearded Irises, bordering these with the Intermediate varieties, and finally the dwarf kinds, forming a carpet of color bending away into the sod. Here and there in sheltered nooks, among rocks, may be found places for the more delicate and tender varieties. As cut flowers the Irises are invaluable. If they are taken, like the Gladioli, just as the buds are about to open and allowed to expand indoors, the colors will be much richer, and will last a long time, for as one flower fades the next bud will take its place, until all have opened. In planting an Iris-bed or border, set the roots a foot apart. They will soon grow together. See that the soil is well drained, for in the case especially of the Tall Bearded Germanica varieties, a wet place is liable to lead to the decay of the roots. ‘They may be planted in early spring, but the most favorable time is dur- ing August and September, the earlier the better, as that is their dormant season, after which they make a root growth, becoming established before winter. Nearly all irises may be divided and replanted successfully immediately after flowering, if the roots are not allowed to become dry. Plant deep enough to cover the roots with soil and, if planting is done in late fall, give them a slight covering of an inch of loose straw or litter merely to prevent their being heaved out of the ground by thawing. Various attempts have been made to arrive at the natural divisions among irises, but no entirely satisfactory system has yet been thought out. It may, however, be as well to give some rough outline on the main classes into which the Irises seem to fall. The first and main division is into bulbous and non-bulbous species. Each of these two main divisions falls in its turn into several sub-divisions which are again sub-divided into groups. To take the first, the bulbous Irises, the bulb may in its resting state be a simple bulb; much like a Narcissus but without the neck of the latter, or it may possess several thick tapering fleshy roots, attached to the base of the bulb, which send out branching rootlets when growth begins again in the autumn. To the former class belong the Xiphium or Spanish Iris group, and the reticulata section. To the latter class belong the Juno Irises, most of which are of comparatively re- cent introduction from Central Asia. But when we come to the other main divi- sion, namely the species with rhizomatous root stocks, our difficulties immediately become greater. The differences are less clearly and easily defined. They con- sist.in the first place of the Pogoniris group or Bearded Iris, the name being de- rived from the Greek word for a beard, and the Apogon species, which as the name implies should be beardless. Without going into further detail for the practi- eal purposes of the amateur we may divide the Irises for our garden into three main divisions——The Japanese, the Spanish, and the Germanica. 1. THE GermManica Iris (Pogoniris) They belong to the bearded class and a quantity of them in bloom is a most gorgeous sight. They are sun-lovers and delight in a warm, well drained situa- tion where the surface-creeping rhizoines can get a good baking in summer. This is the group best known and most commonly cultivated. The flowers are the true fleur-de-lis and are called “the orchids of the garden,” for they fairly out- rival the orchids in delicacy of structure, and wide range of coloring, including rich yellows, soft blues, intense purples, and claret-reds, beautiful bronzes and 34 REPORT OF THE No. 44 pure whites. They flower in May. The other species classed under this head ar Amoena, Neglecta, Pallida, Plicata, Squalens, Variegata and others with theii many hybrid forms and all their wonderful combinations of iridescent color Many of them are delicately fragrant and all have prominent yellow or orang beards. The following are a few good ones of this type: Kharput. Standard violet—Falls violet purple. Purple King. Full purple—very satisfactory. Kochi—Claret-purple. Pallida Section, All tall, strong growers, very wide foliage, have the largest flowers of al and very sweet scented, with the fragrance of orange blossoms, Pallida Dalmatica. Standard, fine lavender, Falls clear deep lavender. A Iris. superb variety for planting in masses and for cut flowers. The true variet} is somewhat scarce. -- Astarte. Standard rosy lilac—Falls claret red. Glory of Hillegon. Standard, Falls clear light blue. Her Majesty. New, Standard, lovely rose pink, Falls bright crimson tinge¢ a darker shade. Gueen of May. Lovely soft rose, lilac, almost’ pink. Variegata Section. The standards in this section are of various shades of yellow. Ada. Standard—bright canary-yellow—Falls white, reticulated madder- brown. ; Darius. Standard—rich canary-yellow. Falls lilac, margined white rich orange beard. One of the most distinct and beautiful. . Maori King. The most brilliant Iris in this section. Standard—rich golden yellow. Falls velvety crimson margined gold. 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 35 la ee er Eo As ae Honorabilis, Standard—golden, Falls rich mahogany brown,—very effective. Amoena Section. In this section Standards are white. Amabilis. Standard Pale lilac flushed rose-Falls velvety crimson-purple. Frederick. Standard Pale lavender, Falls lavender barred with brown. Very free and most effective for massing. Othello. Standard—Rich blue. Falls deep dark velvety purple, very tall and very handsome. Ardenta. Standard—Pale lavender, Falls dark violet blue—reticulated white at claw, a combination of colour that at once draws attention. Plicata Section. The flowers all have a beautifully colored, frill-like margin, on a white ground, Delicatissima. White heavily frilled with blue. Agnes. Standard—wWhite frilled and shaded lilac, Falls white, traced lilac at the base or claw; a beautiful variety. Hebe. White delicately suffused soft blue. Sappho. Standard—White frilled lilac—Falls pure white, reticulated lilae at base—large flowering—a fine variety. , Squalens Section. . The Standards are of clouded shades of copper, bronze and fawn. Dr, Bernice. Standards coppery, bronze; Falls velvety Crimson, very large and beautiful. Jacquesiana, Standard bright coppery crimson. Falls rich maroon; dis- tinct and beautiful, but scarce. Madame Blanche Pion. New, Standard—Soft bronzy yellow. Falls stand- ing at right angles, lavender blue, with silver shaded margin. Tall bearded Irises, Various species. Flavescens. A delicate shade of soft yellow; large, sweet-scented flowers; fine for massing and valued for cutting in early May and June. Albicans, Princess of Wales. A very lovely variety; absolutely pure white. Florentina or Silver King. Creamy White, faintly flushed lavender, the blooms are quite fragrant and early in season, fine for cutting. In the Beardless Iris Section we must note the Siberian Iris. It is the most delicate and elegant of all the small flowered Irises. Narrow, grassy foliage with tall stems and flowers of various shades of blue with white markings. They all are very free-flowering and one of the best cutting. In the Orientalts of this species you have an Iris of intensely brilliant blue flowers, the bud being en- closed in conspicuous crimson spathe valves. Orientalis Snow Queen found in Japan by Mr. Barr has large ivory-white flowers. Irises in this section, specially suited for planting by the water side and in very damp or wet places are Pseudo-Acorus—the common yellow water-flag and Versicolor—a native species common to our streams and marshes, bearing a very showy violet-blue flower. JAPANESE Iris (Iris Kempfert) The tulips and daffodils, the great Oriental poppies, the pxonies, and the roses have all come and gone, but the Iris procession is still passing, until at length the royal blue and purple of Uji-no-hotaru, the last to go, fades from our sight under the hot August sun. REPORT OF THE No. 42 Ld) oO Many years ago a collection of Japanese Irises, said to be a duplicate of those in the garden of the Mikado, was brought to this country. After many years of acl cultivation and study many newer varieties have come to us The secret of success with the Japanese Iris is to keep the ground well stirred, never allowing it to bake or become hard. Any good mellow olay loam will grow Japanese Irises to perfection, if well enriched. They like lots of moisture, but flooding with water is not an absolute necessity as many claim. The Irises of this class have almost entirely Japanese names, and are fully described in the florists’ catalogues. Amongst them, Yomo-no-Umi (Boundless Sea) Osho-Kun, Perfection and Lester Lovett are representatives of the class. 3. SPANISH [RIs. These belong to the bulbous group and are sometimes known as the Xiphion group. If planted on mixed groups they afford highly-colored masses of flower about the middle of June. They delight in warm, rich soil, and the bulbs should be lifted occasionally when the foliage withers and separated before over- crowding occurs to diminish the size of the flowers. In recent years a number of very fine large flowered hybrids have been in- troduced into cultivation from Holland. To ensure success the bulbs must be very liberally treated with old manure, placed some inches below them, and given the warmest and most sheltered cor- ner of the garden. Some of the better varieties are Thunderbolt, a very vigorous plant with flowers of a peculiar mixture of brown, yellow and purple; Leander, a sweet scented, yellow Lusttanica,—perhaps a wild species, with yellow and white flowers. I have not mentioned the English types, but they are an enlarged edition of the Xiphions. A last word :— Because the Iris will stand any kind of treatment, and because its hold on life is tenacious and it will live on in dark, shady corners, and in herbaceous borders where according to some of its devotees no gleam of sun must be allowed to appear, don’t neglect this very beautiful flower. Given good soil, fair weather and some attention and you will be abundantly rewarded; “Tris Flower, what can you tell Of the mysteries that dwell, In the opal depths of your fragile shell? Is it some Fairy whose wand has spun Those gossamer threads with dewdrops hung, Reflecting the glow of the morning sun? Or is it a Spirit that dwells within, With a message from Heaven to mortal men, Of hope and promise at the rainbow’s end? Iris Flower, you speak to me, Of fair and wondrous worlds that be, In the azure depths of Infinity. Fair messenger from out of the great Unktiown. I yield to the touch of your magic wand, And dream and dream with you alone. There’s a gleam of the gold of Ophir, Through the purple robes of Night, There’s a glint of the Frost King’s Palace Aglow with Aurora’s light. Iris Flower, to me you tell All the mysteries that dwell, . In the opal depths of your fragile shell.” 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 37 W. E. Saunpers:—I was thinking when Mr. Macoun was reading his list of varieties how widely opinions differ about varieties. A friend of mine who is particularly fond of Iris, was asked for his favorite and he said he preferred the Isoline to all, and this type Mr. Macoun did not think it worth while to mention. [ also thought Mr. Tebbs ‘should have mentioned Histrioides and Reticulata, which bloom with the crocuses and before, and are among the most beautiful Irises we have. 4s KINGSVILLE GARDENS ILLUSTRATED J. E. Brown, KINGSVILLE. Kingsville-on-the-Lake with its 2,000 population is the most southern town in the Dominion. It is made attractive by moist and cooling breezes, and its streets lined on either side with large maples from forty to seventy-five years old, which form a complete arch overhead. This leafy arcade, together with boulevarded streets, well kept lawns, flower beds on street corners, becomes a source of pride to the citizens themselves and-creates a most favorable impression on the thousands of visitors who spend their week ends at the hotel and at their summer homes a the lake. While the council and citizens of the town for many years planted maple trees on all new streets, and felt justly proud of these delightfully cool and shaded avenues, yet it remained for the Horticultural Society to clean up and put many unsightly places in shape before starting the cultivation of flowers. Before this elvic transformation the streets looked like a diamond ring on a dirty hand. I recognize in coming before the society that I am but an amateur in the presence of many professionals. I recognize the fact that I am addressing. pro- fessors of Agricultural Colleges, representatives of Government Departments and professional florists, as well as advanced horticulturists, on a subject upon which so many splendid papers have been given at our conventions year after year, My only object in giving this paper is to give a condensed summary of the work of our society in order that it may help our amateur florists and members of new societies who are here, perhaps for the first time and upon whose efforts in their yw societies responsibility for success or failure depends. I judge from the many excellent papers and addresses I have heard at our conventions that all of our new societies and many of our older ones are but in the A.B.C. class, all however, doing a wonderful work wherever organized. I intend simply to present some of the plans which I worked out since we organized some eleven years ago, the result of which you can judge for yourselves later on, when I show the pictures. Time will only permit me to touch the high spots. 4 Some thirteen or fourteen years ago,I got a catalogue from London, which showed a prize bed of tulips consisting of 360 bulbs. The bed was twelve feet in diameter, divided into four sections, with pink, white, yellow and red, with a red border on the outside of the bed. T ordered the bulbs and followed the instructions in planting. The following spring I had a most charming bed of tulips. These were the first tulips ever raised in Kingsville. The following fall I got more in- terested in the tulip family and ordered some other varieties. In looking over the 38 REPORT OF THE No. 42 list I endeavored to see how many I could get for the dollar. Friends and neigh- hours were treated to some bouquets, and our church was supplied with them on Sunday morning. This commenced to create an interest in flower culture. Then a few of us got together and suggested that we form a Horticultural Society. In order to induce members to join we told them we would give them back their dollar in bulbs, shrubs, rose bushes or other flowers. We soon got our desired num- ber of members, but did not have one member who knew anything about horti- cultural work. The work was very largely done by the Secretary and President. Some eight or nine years ago I attended a Tulip Show at St. Thomas, and saw, for the first time, hundreds of different types, and I secured the names of about one hundred which I fancied. Having inhaled some of the enthusiasm that was oozing out of the tips of Dr. Bennett’s fingers, I passed it on- to our society and the fol- lowing fall, when we got out our fall options, we inserted the selections I had made and allowed our members the privilege of selecting ten of as many types as they wished. I selected ten from my whole list and put each type in a row by itself, and when they were in full bloom in the spring, I staked each row with the name, and invited every one to come into my yard and make selections. This enabled us to get our first order direct from Holland. We also made about thirty beds on street corners, and Town Hall lawn, and at the several churches. People got so interested that orders for tulips increased by leaps and bounds. Having in a few years such an array of shades and colors, we then put on a tulip show and ran it during the war, in connection with the Ladies’ Patriotic Association. We are still running it every May, and it has become the event of the season. ‘Tulips, Hyacinths, and other flowers are labelled, and the visitors take the name of the flower that suits their fancy and place their orders accordingly. ‘The interest created by our spring flowers, and show, during the last seven years is such that we will have some forty or fifty thousand blooms this spring of every color that can be grown in Holland. One of our members will have ninety-three varieties, ten of each, most of which are new. At one time the price had much to do with the order; now it is color and beauty that determines the choice. In connection with our Tulip Show we have a department for all school chil- dren for best collection of wild flowers named, and most artistically arranged, for which we give about eighty prizes. This display was the feature of our show. It was the most beautiful display of wild flowers ever seen here. The competition among 500 children was very keen. If you want to create interest in your society and town, interest the children and you will have accomplished something worth while. . I would advise members of all new societies especially, if at all possible, to visit every flower show of whatever kind, where more information and ideas can be got by seeing the bloom than in any other way. In proof of this state- ment permit me to say that I visited the American Gladioli Show at St. Thomas last year. I revelled in those blooms for two days and selected about one hundred of the most beautiful blooms I had ever seen. My back-yard garden was too smal for my enlarged visions, so I at once secured a lot, got it in shape and am instal. ling the Skinner system of irrigation. I have put in some six or seven thousand tulips, largely Darwins, hyacinths, narcissi, lilies and other bulbs, ‘and am arranging my list for some four thousand Gladioli. I will also cultivate sweet peas, petunias 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 39 ee ee ee ee dahlias, asters, ponies and roses. My trial garden is on one of our best residential streets, and every one will be welcome to come in and enjoy the sight and make selections of anything they see. You will have observed that I have devoted my allotted time to the fall plant- ing, but our activities do not end there. The same interest and enthusiasm is manifested in our spring work. As soon as our tulips are through blooming they are taken up, the beds are dug up and prepared for Geraniums, French Cannas, Salvias and other annuals. Our spring options consist of different varieties of roses, shrubs, Cannas, Dahlias, Gladioli, Asters and many other flowering plants, so that flowers bloom from early spring to late fall. Dutchman’s Pipe 58 Feet Long and 10 Feet High. The ladies of our society give prizes for the best kept lawns, making three classes, large, medium and small. The judging is done two or three times during the summer. As to the cultivation of the fall planting it is the easiest. You put in your fall bulbs after you prepare the ground. Plant four or five inches deep and four or five inches apart. Press the earth well down, cover them with some three or four inches of well rotted mulch and as soon as you can see the rows in the spring, take a narrow tooth hoe and stir up the earth between the rows so as to permit the air to penetrate the roots and your work is done. You have no insects to fight and everything is satisfactory. Beis For the grower of Gladioli and Roses I would refer you to the two papers given last year by Mrs. Austin on Gladioli and Mr. Moore on Roses, which are inserted in our last year’s Report. Aithough the love of flowers came to me late in life, ip REPORT OF THE No. 42 ——. nevertheless it is a joy to me that it came to me and it has helped to make this the most delightful period of my life. | The speaker here showed various slides illustrating how the people of Kings- ville had beautified their homes during the last years. THE CONTINUITY OF GARDEN BLOOM Gro. BALDWIN, ToRONTO. I would first of all draw your attention to the necessity of improving the front of your prenuses, by putting in a small flower bed, in centre of front lawn, erect. trellises for vines and creepers on the verandah, and place a shrub or two on each side of entrance. Then turn your attention to the back garden, and improve the appearance of it by putting up one or two bowers’ or archways for climbing roses, similar to the slides just shown. Now as to continuity of bloom, you have often gone into a garden and ex- claimed “What a beautiful garden;” and perhaps if you had gone into that same garden again, in a month’s time, you will find that there is very little bloom to be ween, simply because the matter of continuity or rotation has not been considered. In the short space of time allotted to me I will endeavor to give you the best vari- eties of flowers from which I get my continuity of bloom. Start off in the fall, Gctober for preference, and plant Tulips, Cottage, Darwins and Doubles, the same with Hyacinths in color, also Narcissi and Daffodils, with a sprinkling of Crocus, Snowdrops etc., to be followed by the Flag Iris in colors, and Ponies. And now the Lily family helps us in this continuity, and in this direction, are, to my mind, in a class by themselves, because if you have enough of them, you can get the con- tinuity from them alone, by having the following: Tenuifolium or Scarlet Turk’s Cap; Candidum or Madonna Lily; Croceum, the real Belfast Orange Lily ; Wallacei similar to Croceum only smaller; single and double Tigrinum, then that splendid lemon yellow Henryi, the hardiest of them all; then the beautiful white Testacium, and the early Speciosum, Rubrum, Roseum, and Album planted in the fall, and which are followed by the Auratums, Platyphylum and Vitatum, and wind up with late Speciosum, Rubrum, Roseum, Album, which are planted in the spring, this will bring you up to the third or fourth week of September. Now for flowers that will give us bloom from the Peony period, till frost comes, the following will fill the bill. Rudbeckia, Fulgens or Black-eyed Susan, Newmanii, an improvement on the former, and Echinacea or purple cone flower. Study the catalogues for early, midseason ‘and late blooming Perennial Phlox starting off with that pure white Miss Lingard, which blooms in June, to be followed by others in variety, and here the roses begin to hold sway, and I prefer to mix them in the perennial border. Dephiniums will give us a second crop of bloom, if cut off early. And now the. Helianthus, Miss Melhuish, Daniel Dewar, Rigidus and Orgyalis, Helenium River- ton Gem and Riverton Beauty, Chrysanthea Uliginosum, and wind up with Botonias: and Perennial Asters. The Annuals must not be forgotten, and have a good supply of Asters, Zinnias, Phlox Drummondi, Verbena, etc., and let me here say a few words for one of the Queen of Flowers, the Gladiolus, recommending the following as having given me excellent results, from cutting point of view. America, pink; Catharina light blue; 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 41 Empress of India reddish brown; Goliath violet; Glory of Holland white; Halley salmon ; Liebesieuer scarlet; Marechal Foch rose; Master Wietse violet; Mrs. Frank Pendleton rose; Prince of Wales salmon; Red Emperor early red; War Scarlet; Peace white; White Giant; and last but not least, Lady Borden, one that we all ought to feel proud of, on account of its being raised by one of our esteemed mem- bers, Alexander Gilchrist. Time will not permit me to go more fully into details, and for cultural directions, but let me say cultivate freely and often, water copi- ously in dry weather but with the nozzle off, and keep a garden diary for dates of blooming, and for best varieties. W. A. McLean: Some few years ago, sitting on the veranda, a little girl was playing among the flowers nearby, I said: “Do you like flowers?” And she said: “Yes, I do, they make me feel so happy.” It seems to me that is a very truthful, frank, childish description of flowers—they make us all happy. And it is the function of your organization, in its influence upon the tree planting situa- tion of this Province, in landscape gardening, and in the growing of shrubs and flowers, to make yourselves and others happy. The speaker then told of the work being done in the building of better roads, and said: “We are sometimes accused of slaughtering the trees on our highways. Em- phatically that is untrue, and is not the case. There are instances where we have eut trees on our highways, but the instructions which our engineers closely adhere to are that no trees are to be cut which do not stand in the way of essential con- struction. We deviate the lines of our construction in order to escape the necessity of cutting down our old trees. No one knows more than I do that the axe can destroy in a few minutes what has taken a hundred years to grow. That is im- pressed upon our men in all parts of our construction. Not only so, but we are adding to the tree growth of our highways. During the past two years we have planted on our highways 20,000 trees. These will be a pride to us, I believe, for many years to come. And we expect to go on with that work under the direction of our Highway Forester, an expert who is attached to our Highway Department and who will speak to you this evening, and show you more fully what we are doing. W. W. GamMacE: It affords me a great deal of pleasure to be present with you here this evening, to bring you greetings from the gardeners and florists of Canada. We have no statistics as to how many gardeners and florists we have in Canada, but, taking a comparison from the United States, it costs the florists of the United States, when coal is at a normal price, $25,600,000 for heating their grecnhouses. It costs $78,000,000 to pay their employees, and they have more invested in land and glass and plants than the steel industtry of the United States. Taking a comparison, therefore, between that country and this we may say that the florists and gardeners of Canada have a very large investment, and as a finan- cial and commercial enterprise it is of no small account in our fair Dominion. For some years we have been trying to educate the people of Canada to the © fact that Canada lacks educational facilities at its Universities and its colleges whereby young men and young women wishing to engage in Horticulture can ob- tain the education they require. Recognizing this, a number of the States in the Union have founded departments at their Universities where they are teaching that. and it is taught to a very large extent and has become one of the leading features at-such Universities as Cornell, Illinois, Ohio, Wisconsin and one or two of the other States. 42 REPORT OF THE No. 42 I was very glad to notice in your Annual Report that you have also taken this educational need into consideration, that the resolution which we passed some three years ago has been adopted by this organization, and we hope for your co-operation, that when this Council of Horticulture is formed, which is now being promoted by the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa, this Association will fall in and lend its assistance, so that our young men and young women may have an oppor- tunity to get their education in Canada. | Such meetings as you have here must be a great help to you. It must be a great help to your communities and to the country at large, for where we have pleasant and beautiful home surroundings, it gives a better tone, it gives to the people a satisfaction that they cannot obtain in other ways. You will notice that it is in the bigger cities, where there is a large foreign population, where labor troubles start, but in the smaller cities where the laboring people own their own homes and have pleasant home surroundings they have other and worth while occupations which take their minds away from their so-called troubles, and there- fore we have a happier and a brighter and more congenial community in which to live. Pror. THOMPSON made a plea for sympathetic support in forwarding the work of the proposed Botanical Garden. Pror. THompson: The project was practically a standing thing at the pre- - sent time, perhaps one reason being that money is not moving very freely at the present time, and it was considered advisable to just hold their own for the time being and wait until times would improve. Pror. WADE congratulated the Association on the good work done by its con- vention and its officials. Harry Ryrie brought greetings from the Alumni Association of the Bice Agricultural College. W. J. Connoity, President of the Fall Fairs Association, ai he could not help but be pleased when he came and spent a few hours with the Convention this afternoon, and saw the splendid work they were doing. “As I came here this afternoon, and as I saw the beautiful pictures on the screen and the work you were doing, and as I looked over the crowd you had here and the members equally divided as to sex, I felt that the ladies were coming to the place that God intended them to have from the beginning of the world, although it has taken a apods' deal of courage for a woman to come to her place and mingle with men.” - J. Locktr Witson: We have here a gathering of some four hundred ladies and gentlemen from Fort William to Glengarry, not for the purpose of financial gain, not for the purpose of selfish good, but for the good that they can do to others without hope of financial reward. You are here to promote: the interests of the home, in making Ontario the brightest gem in the Crown. I am glad that our organization is going forward. We are seventeen years old, and the institution that Mr. Connelly represents is much older. It is 157 years since the first fair was held in Canada. Seventeen years ago you organized this great institution with a few hundred members. To-day that army is growing, and every year your conventions are becoming larger and the enthusiasm is spreading East and West and North and South, until to-day you have a great army of flower growers and lovers, that is trying to have our homes: decorated 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 43 0 eee Coe eS ke with plants and shrubs and vines and trees of all kinds, trying to make Ontario more beautiful, and as has been well stated here, you cannot do very much talking about beautifying if you don’t see that your own homes are made beautiful. It was stated here this afternoon that our Ontario Agricultural College is not doing what it should do along the lines on which we are working. Even in the University of Toronto, the largest under the Flag, the surroundings are not very beautiful horticulturally. Go over there any time in summer and you will come away feeling there is something wrong, so far as horticulture is concerned. We want those grounds beautified, and students going home to their professions in the towns, cities and country sides of the land will be inspired by the surroundings of their College, by the trees and shrubs which will meet their eyes daily. True, it is necessary to have the campus clear, but the rest of the grounds should contain a high order of beauty from the horticultural point of view. I am here to commend you on the great work you are doing, and I congratulate the institution on having such a live organization as the Toronto Horticultural Societies, the members of which are always ready to assist in every possible way. The floral decorations that are in evidence here have been supplied by the Toronto Horticultural Society. And*not only Toronto, take the little village of Thornhill, it has done its work. Miss Simpson, the secretary of that Society, has done splen- did work, not only for her own Society but for the City of Toronto as well. “Though boasting no baronial piles, Nor ivy-crested towers, What past can match thy glorious youth Fair Canada of ours?” Pror. Mavor, Toronto University, said that the best example of renewed mu- nicipal interest in France was the city of Montpelier. It was a great school of bot- any, for a great many years even before botany became a scientific subject; then it took almost the first place in the schools. Montpelier had its agricultural society, and it was an integral part of the revival of the municipal spirit and interest and enthusiasm for the community. About forty years ago I was in the north of France and the depression of the municipalities was quite marked. Things were in ruin, the ancient gates of the fortified cities were tumbling down, and nobody had any interest in restoration. Many of the cities were sombre and dismal. About fifteen years later I went to the same cities, and I was perfectly astounded at the tre- mendous alteration which had taken place. The old cities had assumed or taken on a different aspect. It was particularly noticeable in Noyon. I asked for the reason of this, and they said it was the Horticultural Society. It was the very definite and positive association of the growth of interest in flowers and the altruistic, which wrought this change in France. I took the example of France, because there the centralizing principle had been carried to an extreme degree, and even where this centralizing spirit was so strong, the cultivation of love of flowers and the conse- quent inculcation of the municipal spirit wrought the desired change. In the Scotch towns and villages and in many of the English ones you have the same experience. The Flower Show is the great event of the year. and every- body attends it. At the Flower Show the peer and the farm laborer rub shoulders. It is always of the utmost interest. Not long ago I was in South Wales where a 44 REPORT OF THE No. 42 flower show was attended by everybody in the whole country. A very fine display it was, and very interesting to see all the countryside collected together and taking an interest in the same thing, taking part in the competitions with one another. Perennial Border in Foreground, C.E.F. W. B. RoapHouss, Deputy Minister of Agriculture: It is perhaps only fit- ting that this gathering should be graced to-night by the attendance of so many ladies, because, after all, their interest in their work has much to do with the position which horticulture has attained in this province and the success which it will attain in the future. It is also fitting that this year the presidency of this Association should be graced by a lady. Many of you possibly witnessed, as I did, last September at the Toronto National Exhibition, the splendid exhibit of flowers of various kinds, changed from day to day, and kept ever fresh. It was a common everyday scene to see your president among the flowers with her sleeves rolled up and doing the regular manual work which it was necessary for someone to do to keep that display fresh and creditable to this Association and to the Hor- ticultural interests of that province. Then when we compare with that scene, which demonstrated manual labor and expert knowledge, the grace and dignity which is brought to the presiding table of this function, you will realize, I am sure, the all-round qualifications which your. president possesses for the position which she has filled. It was indeed a happy idea which resulted in this gathering being graced by the presence of representatives of other allied interests and as- sociations. We welcome them all. | It is not my intention to take up any great length of time to-night but there was one matter which I thought I might mention which holds a certain amount of interest at this time. Various speakers have made suggestions as to your work, and there was a matter which came to my notice a few days ago which it seemed to me would be at least a matter of interest, if not a matter of action, and 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIBS. 45 ce ee ee that is the question of the adoption of a floral emblem for the province of Ontario. This is not a new matter, it has received attention in years gone by, and I can realize the difficulty in coming to any definite conclusion on a matter on which there is such a variety of interest, but it seemed to me that you might be interested to know of the steps which have been taken by other countries, and particularly by the States across the line. It is unnecessary to remind you of the national floral emblems if we may so call the thistle of Scotland, the leek of Wales, the roge of Eng- land, and the lily of France, which more closely correspond with the maple leaf of Canada, but when we look over the record as it applies to the States, across the line, we find that in each State, with the exception of Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Missouri and Tennessee, a definite official floral emblem has been adopted, and this is the distribution which has been made, according to the record which eame to me: NATIONAL AND STATE FLORAL EMBLEMs. 0 A Scotland Magnolia, .. Louisiana and Mississippi SS an Ireland sagebrush, 32:45% Seca eee Nevada CS Wales Cactus. 22.231 cata ae New Mexico iy A England Mistletoe... <3. hres cae Oklahoma a France Red; Clovers? Jos. oa Sa Vermont | OF Joe. Loan Indian ‘Paintbrush: 2... cae Wyoming GS Kansas Violet, Illinois, New Jersey, Rhode Is- a ae Maine land, Wisconsin i ee re Virginia Fiose, ? aeciosd. Aton New York Black-Eyed Susan, ......... Maryland Cherokee Rose; «47 sss. ene Georgia Rhododendron, .... West Virginia and Wild. Rose, ...32. Soc eeae eee Iowa Washington Wild Prairie Rose, .... North Dakota 0 oS 9s North Carolina Columibine,..2.s:42250n<. ii. eeee oe ohne Ohio METINPR TOUR or SS, sea oi Ss 5 nievs arwieine Indiana All the States have chosen State flowers excepting Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Missouri and Tennessee. You will see the wide range of choice covering the broad area to the south yf the boundary line, and I submit that information to you for what interest it nay have. | In conclusion I believe that the success of the individual Horticultural So- ieties and this Provincial Horticultural Association, is based upon the fact that he Horticultural idea is a constructive one. It seeks to make things better than ve found them. It seeks to bring brightness and beauty where before there has een only waste and decay, and so long as we keep to that idea, and the ideal yefore us, we will not only find great scope for useful work but I think we will ind support and encouragement for all quarters and all interests in this province thank you. 46 REPORT OF THE No. 42 SOME HARDY FLOWERING TREES OF THE NORTH TEMPERATE ZONE. JNO. DUNBAR, ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT OF Parks, RocHESTER, N.Y, In the embellishment of woodlands in parks, cemeteries and private estates, what are known in gardening language as “Ornamental Flowering Trees” should receive a large degree of attention. Of course, as a matter of fact, all trees have their flowers. Oaks, hickories, beeches, hornbeams, elms and birches all have in- teresting blossoms, but they are more or less inconspicuous, and never attract at- tention from the ordinary observer. There are numerous hardy trees, however, whose flowers are very showy and when they are used extensively in plantations and woodlands, or placed individually on the borders of lawns and meadows, they produce a particularly pleasing and noticeable effect, and attract the attention of the most indifferent. | ; It is very important to use such trees largely in park plantations, private estates and cemetery areas. The inspiration derived from the branches of many flowering trees, wreathed in showy blossoms, has consciously and unconsciously an elevating effect upon the minds of the spectators. Attention is first called to our native Shade-trees or Juneberries (Amelan- chiers). They are native in our woods, but in some areas they are much more abundant than in others. I have seen them in Northern Ontario. They are usually in bloom with us about the first week in May. The slender branches, thickly covered with myriads of white blossoms, are very showy, and when they are abundant as they are on the banks of the gorge of the Genesee River north of Rochester, it is a sight worth going a long distance to see. We have raised seedlings and planted them in thousands in our parks at Rochester, N.Y. American hawthorns have come into prominence, at least botanically, during the past 20 years. Many of them are handsome round-headed trees, but the great majority are arborescent shrubs or shrubby in habit. Many of them are very at- tractive with their white blossoms at the end of May or first of June, and the crimson, scarlet, orange red and orange yellow fruits in late summer, autumm and late autumn are particularly attractive. In fact I do not know of any other ornamental fruits that can surpass our native American hawthorns at these sea- sons. I studied and collected the native hawthorns a number of years since around Chippawa, London, Toronto, Belleville, Kingston, Gananoque, Prescott, and Ot- tawa, and in that area there were perhaps 100 species of those beautiful ornamental hawthorns, and the great majority of them are suitable for planting in orna- mental grounds. They prefer to grow in heavy lime-stone soil. Perhaps some of the most distinct in Ontario are Crategus audita, C. Ellwangeriana, C. Macounil, C. flabellata, C. Champlainensis, ©. pedicillata, C. delectabilis, C. fulgida, C. ferentaria, C. virilis, C. rotundifolia, and C. venulosa. The different species of ornamental crab-apples are charming when in bloom. It takes a good many years, perhaps fifteen to twenty years, to obtain a good round-headed Crab-apple, but such a tree with the branches wreathed in carmine, rose-tinted, blush or white blossoms is indeed remarkably beautiful. China, Japan and Siberia have given us a large number of remarkable hardihood. Malus (922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 47 loribunda, M. atrosanguinea,. M. spectabilis, M. prunifolia var. rinki, M. ieboldii, M. Zumi, M. Sargentii; with hybrids and varieties amongst these species re all lovely flowering objects from eastern and north eastern Asia. The native American crab-apples, commonly known as “Garland Trees,” are andsome and fragrant when in bloom. Two of these (Malus coronarius and M. laucescens) grow in Western New York and in southern Ontario, how far north n Ontario they are native, I am not sure. I saw them growing in the Arboretum t Ottawa, and doing well. The Western Crab-apple Malus ioensi’, and the double owerlng form of this, known as the Bechel Crab, are excellent hardy flowering rees. Botanists during recent years have discovered other new species of Ameri- an crab-apples namely—Malus lancifolia, M. glabrata, M. platycarpa, and M. racteata. The Asiatic Crab-apples do not come true to seed and should be either udded or grafted. The American species come true to seed. The Red-Bud; Cercis Canadensis, sometimes known as Judas Tree, produces beautiful effect about the middle of May. The branches covered with myriads f pea-like blossoms in pale-red or rose-color, produce an indescribably beautiful ffect when contrasted against coniferous evergreens. There is a pure white form f this, which is quite rare, and which we are propagating for our own use in ur parks. In a wild state the Red-Bud does not grow north of southern Pennsyl- ania, but it is quite hardy at Rochester, and I suppose it would be all might rom southern to central Ontario. The Red-Bud should be rigorously confined ) one stem by pruning when young. If left unpruned it will divide into a num- er of stems, and is very liable to be smashed in windstorms. The Silver Bell or Snowdrop Tree, Halesia monticola, is perhaps the most ignified and beautiful flowering tree of North America, and although found in wild state from North Carolina to Georgia is perfectly hardy at Rochester, and as not suffered during the past twenty-eight years. The large pure white bell- haped blossoms, occasionally pink, are very attractive. Halesia Carolina is a ywer growing form which very rarely grows into one main stem, and has smaller owers than the former, and has about the same degree of hardihood. We have number of Halesias growing on a slope in Durand-Hastman Park, Rochester, .¥. exposed to the cold north west winds blowing off Lake Ontario, and they re quite happy. I therefore think they ought to be satisfactory from Southern > Central Ontario. The White Flowering Dogwood. Cornus florida, as a choice North American owering tree, stands in the front rank. In very severe winters the flower buds o get injured, and their beauty is correspondingly marred. In seasons, however, hen flowering abundantly there is no more beautiful sight when copses, planta- ions and woodlands are adorned with hundreds of it in full bloom. The White- owering Dogwood is native in southern Ontario, but how far north it extends in Intario in a wild state I do not know. The variety of the White-flowering Dog- rood known as rubra with pink red involucres is a remarkably. beautiful object hen a well grown plant is in full bloom. The Kousan Dogwood, Cornus Kousa, rom Japan bears a resemblance to our White-flowering Dogwood, in its large hite involucres. It flowers one month later and does splendidly at Rochester. Very little attention has been paid to our native American plums. The Black Jum, Prunus nigra, which is a common arborescent bush or small tree in north- mn Ontario, is-a beautiful object in bloom and it is usually in flower about the nd of May or first of June. The American Plum, P. Americana; Allegheny os REPORT OF THE 7 No, 42 Plum, P. Allegheniensis; the Wild Goose Plum, P. hortulana; Munson Plum, P. Munsoniana; Beach Plum, P. maritima, are all highly decorative in bloom and are worthy of a place in any ornamental grounds. The White Fringe, Chionanthus Virginica, is a beautiful American small tree native from Pennsylvania to Texas. The long drooping white flower clusters are very attractive. It is quite hardy at Rochester. It is slow growing. There are many beautiful flowering Cherries. The small fruited Cherry from Northern China, Prunus tomentosa, is a very handsome object in bloom. It usually flowers about May Ist. and every branch is covered with myriads of white blossoms, tinged pink. It usually forms a broad-headed arborescent bush much broader than high. Mr. Ormiston Roy tells me it is quite hardy at Montreal. Sargent’s Cherry, Prunus serrulata variety Sachalinensis, is perhaps one of the most important flowering trees introduced from Japan. ‘The large rose-tinted Asters. flowers are usually one and one-half inches across and are very conspicuous. Prunus subhirtella and the variety pendula are beautiful Japanese Cherries with conspicuous pink-red blossoms and quite hardy. There is a showy bird Cherry that has been lately called “The Russian May Day Cherry”; Prunus padus variety commutata; from North Eastern Asia. It is the earliést of all trees to come into leaf in spring. It produces long pendulous racemes of snowy white flowers, and is a beautiful object in bloom. It seems to be of iron-clad hardiness. We are much pleased with a small tree lately introduced from Korea and Northern China known botanically as Evodia Daniellii. It produces large clusters of white flowers about the first of August and it is quite hardy. Styrax Japonica is a small Japanese tree that grows to a height of 20 to 25 feet, and has white bell shaped flowers in June. It is quite hardy at Rochester. 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 49 a a ee eee . Pterostyrax hispida from Japan is another closely related flowering tree to the former, and has long drooping clusters and white blossoms in June. It is not quite as hardy as the former. The Golden Chain, Laburnum vulgare from South Europe, with its long clus- ters of yellow blossoms always attracts attention when in bloom. It is quite hardy at Rochester and is probably hardy in southern Ontario. We must not omit the red flowering horse-chestnuts. Aesculus carnea; A. carnea Briotii; and A. carnea Plantierénsis with variously red colored flowers are highly ornamental. A low growing species lately introduced from southern Missouri, A. discolor variety mollis, has beautiful red flowers and has proven to be quite hardy. I suppose in ornamental flowering trees China and Japan have contributed nothing more beautiful than Magnolias. The hybrids which were developed many years since from two Chinese species and known as Chinese hybrid Magnolias, are gems of the first water. In all parts of North America wherever they prove to be hardy, it is indeed a fortunate circumstance to be able to enjoy such beautiful floral objects. If these Magnolias had never been introduced from Asia what a serious floral blank it would have caused in our parks and gardens to-day. All of the Chinese hybrid Magnolias do splendidly in Rochester and a number of American and Asiatic species also do well. In Oxford St., Rochester, a space 2200 feet in length is entirely devoted to Magnolias. On the particular Sunday when they are in bloom crowds of people go especially to see them. The following hybrids do well with us; Alexandrina, alba superba, Andre Leroy, Brozzoni, Lennei, Norbertiana, Rustica flore rubra, Soulangeana, Soulangeana nigra, speciosa, and Verbanica. The Japanese species stellata, hypoleuca, parviflora, salicifolia, Kobus and the Chinese Denudata are all hardy with us. There are also four American species; acuminata (native in Western New York), Frageri, Glauca, macrophylla, and tripetala that are very satisfactory with us. I do not know what success has been made in growing Magnolias in southern Ontario but it seems that the Chinese hybrid Magnolias should succeed in sheltered situations in southern Ontario. BIRD FRIENDS AND ENEMIES OF THE GARDEN. W. E. Saunpers, LONDON. There has been so much talk here to-day about the part that women are taking in the world to-day, that I thought that although I had definitely intended to leave out all mention of the birds who took time by the forelock years ago, yet under the circumstances I felt perhaps I ought to refer to them, just to give you ladies an idea that perhaps, after all, you are not so very far in the forefront ix social matters as you thought you were. I had intended to omit all mention of those birds of which I have no speci- mens with me, but certain little birds live in the West in Alberta and Saskatchewan, and they nest every summer. There are two species of them, the Crimson Phala- rope—they. are birds about the size of that black Cuckoo, long legs, long bills, and a good many years in advance of the human race’s progress in the feminine world 50 REPORT OF THE No. 42 which only came about 100 years ago. As a general rule the male birds wear the bright plumage and the female is protectively colored so that she may not be captured by a predatory bird or animal but may live to rear the brood. The female phalarope wears the bright colors, the male is a dull colored bird. Knowing that usually the female is dull colored, we might infer the whole life history of the phalarope, with just a little imagination. You know the agitation of the women among the human species started about 100 years ago. About ten, fifty or one hundred thousand years ago the phalarope had that subject up for discus- sion and they.compromised in the way that we have compromised, that is to say by giving her everything that she asked for, and she asked for everything. She did not stop where you stopped. You know the first thing that happens in spring when the birds atrive on their nesting ground is the courtship, and while she was taking over the other duties of the male she took that over too, and so the first thing you see in the spring is to see three or four very handsome females charging around for the dullest looking little male you ever saw, to accompany them for the summer. And as soon as she gets him she puts him to work. When the eggs are laid her duties are through, and if you meet a little company of phalaropes on the prairies of Saskatchewan and Alberta you may know they belong to the Suffragettes—they are the Women’s Canadian Club or Women’s Horticultural Society—and I think it is a fair guess that they are discussing the shortcomings of their neighbors as well as the prevailing fashions in feathers, etc. . I would like to ask the ladies how much in advance of the times they thought they were, when they are thousands of years behind the phalarope, and they have not yet adopted the first phase of up-to-dateness, they have not yet started to do their courting! I do not need to argue with you that birds are good friends to have in the garden. Some people who value their cherries do at times think that they have too many robins, and perhaps they include a lot of other species that do not do harm to you. J do not deny that robins are fond of cherries, but outside of a little damage to the cherries and small fruits, it may be taken for granted that every one in the room is interested in birds and believe that they are useful to Horticulture, and, having taken that for granted, I would like to speak about a few species that are strictly injurious. I do not like to use that word “injurious.” The Creator has put here in Ontario birds that we in a general way ought to leave alone, but I think there are limitations. Some birds have increased very much owing to the protection that we have given them. They have taken full advantage of that protection, and it has suited them, and they have gone ahead and multiplied, and they are a menace to some other species, and that being the case it is up to us to make an end to these in so far as we can. For instance, this big blackbird, the bronze crackle. I put him in the same category as the blue jay. Both of those birds eat at every opportunity the fledgelinys in the nest, and every egg they can get. If they were particular like us and demanded that their eggs be fresh they would not eat so many, but they are not. Birds have no prejudices. So long as an egg has not something inside that will blow up when he breaks it, hd is willing to eat it, and these two birds are a menace to the small birds and ~ bird lovers, and a horticulturist cannot afford to have very many of these around his place. You may imagine sometimes, if you have some blackbirds, for instance, that you could not get rid of them. You have to kill them. ‘ 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 51 The English sparrow is a very common bird. They come in my own back- yard sometimes, and I have devised a trap for them—just a box with a wire net- ting, and it is stuck up on a stick, and from that stick a string leads to a living room window. The English sparrow feeds on the millet seed I keep under that box continually. There is always food and safety there for the native bird. The English sparrow however does not find quite that experience. They find food but not safety, because sometimes I pull the string and down comes the box. I take them out and throw them up against the fence, and they have a short and painless end. Now the point that I want to make is this: I catch in my garden each year in the spring perhaps 20 or 30 English sparrows. There are English . sparrows all through the rest of our block, but our garden is remarkably free from them. But birds, like human beings, have habits, and some English sparrows will get the habit of coming to my backyard, and when they come and they find the native birds feeding freely under this trap, then the English sparrows take up the cry: “Here is lots of food, let’s get it.” The result is that every sparrow that comes to my place gets this habit and is soon dead. You would be amazed that in a city full of them you could free your yard of these pests. Apply that idea to the blue jays and the crackle. When you get rid of these birds your small birds are pretty safe, particularly if you get rid of the red squirrel which you prob- ably do not have, and tackling a far bigger job, the elimination of the cat. 1 was surprised when I raised the question of the cat and found that the cat had many defenders in Horticultural Societies. If you know anything at all about the habits of the cat, you will know that she does not play fair. The laws say to me: lf you go and shoot a robin, you may be taken to the police court and fined, but you may keep six cats, and every one of these cats can kill six robins a day. Why should it be legal to allow a cat to do things, which I am fined if I do! People say you must have them to destroy mice and rats. Jack Miner does not have them, and he does not have mice and rats, but he keeps traps. If you are a cat owner you do not know what your cat does. If you are a cat owner, let me ask you to get converted from the error of your ways. There is another bird that is a serious menace to Horticulture and to our welfare in general to-day, and that is the male and female cowbird, on account of laying eggs in other birds’ nests. You know that bird chooses the nests of little bits of birds, such as the yellow warbler. When the young cowbird comes out of the egg, it is a bigger bird than the others, and it yells the loudest for grub and it gets nearly all the food, and it grows the fastest, and the faster it grows the bigger its mouth becomes, and’ the more demands it makes for food; and, as a result, the young warblers die of starvation, so that you see these cowbirds cost us a price. Every cowbird we have has cost us a price in the way of de- priving us of small insectivorous birds of about two or three small birds per cowbird. Now these two or three small birds are worth more to us than one cow- bird: In the old days the cowbird was not so numerous in the forests, as it is a plain bird. Consequently in the spring time, if I have a gun with me—which I don’t very often carry—and I have an opportunity to shoot a female cowbird, I feel I have done a very virtuous act. The birds that come to our gardens are all of them I think interesting to the horticulturist, and most horticulturists are fairly interested in bird life, but complain of not being able to identify the birds. There are the Bird Guides, and if you realize that the most enjoyable hours that you can put in are 52 REPORT OF THE No, 42 those that you spend in learning the birds. So I propose to try and help you identify some of these insect eaters, and very brietly, these aie some vif their characteristics: When I was in Europe the cuckoo was the only bird that anyone offered me any assistance in identifying. As it flew up in the air it said “Cuckoo,” “Cuckoo,” and a farmer said- to me: “That is a Cuckoo.” Now our cuckoo does not say that, but he has a voice something like the European cuckoo. They are almost the most omnivorous birds, as far as insects are concerned, that we have. Most birds object to hairy caterpillars. The cuckoo is not one of them. The mocking bird. This family is represented in Canada by the mocking bird which occurs only sporadically in the south-west. I have only seen one in Belle River. Two or three have been taken at Point Pelee. The man who brought them down got a good lecture, and now I can assure you they do not shoot that bird any more. Besides the mocking bird, in the mocking bird family, are the brown thrasher and the catbird. If you can have either one of those birds in the garden, they are most delightful singers and most persistent insect eaters. The catbirds sing to you in the night. Some people do not like their rest disturbed. I do not think many people would raise objections to listening: to the catbird singing at night, he has such a lovely, whispering song. The catbird sings as though he had words to all his song. Somebody to-day spoke of the purple eee This is the tree swallow. It nests in artificial houses that you may put up for him and which he may accept. and nest in. It is a very sweet bird, and is a glorious swallow with a musical note in his tone. All of these birds of the air, of course, eat nothing but insects and are absolutely beneficial from every standpoint. Then we have in the gardens the warblers. Here we have three of them. The central one is the black throated, blue warbler, and the yellow warbler, and the last is the common one of the gardens. We have about 30 species of warblers, and twenty of them are available to you for companionship and joy. If you have a garden with a few trees therein, you will have probably twenty species of warblers coming to you. Every one of those little birds feeds on nothing but insects, and so they are all beneficial in the highest degree. When I was speaking about swallows I meant to have referred to the eave swallow which nests under the eaves of the farmers’ barns and which has been banished by the English sparrow. The vireos. I have here two specimens of vireo, the red-eyed fellow and the warbling vireo. Their songs will identify them, and their motions will identify them as vireos. You can tell the warblers by their slowness in, action, while the vireo is quick in movement. The Scarlet Tanager has much the action of the vireo, and T have been de- ceived by it. TREASURER’S REPORT The Treasurer then presented his statement which appears on page six. Mr. HEsson stated that what applied in the way of finance in the beginning of this Association, with about 6,000 membership, necessarily does not apply to 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 53 a membership of 32,000. The number of societies included in the last yearly report of the department as having received grants numbers 116. 114 are listed as having been alive and two as not making returns, leaving 114 societies from which we might necessarily expect to derive atfiliation fees. Of this 114 there are twelve that had not affiliated at the time I went through the books recently. If all these societies affiliated and paid the consequent fee, all the revenue we would derive would be $335. We have an addition this year of some 25 societies, and I am glad to say that these new societies coming in are imbued with the idea that it is compulsory for them to affiliate. Working along the basis that we are and have been for some time we cannot expect that $335 a year would be very ma- terlally increased within a reasonable period. It seems to me we have come to a time when we must give very serious consideration to this question. Our Conven- tion expenses are necessarily increasing. The importance of our work is neces- sarily increasing; therefore, we must have the sinews of war with which to carry on, and as far as I can see it, those sinews are not to be obtained under our pre- sent system. You will, however, before the session is over, have submitted to you a proposition bearing on this matter, and I want to bespeak for that resolu- tion your very serious consideration and, I hope, approval. That means, we ex- pect, will put us in a very much favorable position financially and eliminate some of the difficulties which our local societies are to-day under, arising from the fact that secretaries and officers of the local societies are at sea as to this matter of affiliation and the amount of fees payable to this Association. Mr. Hesson then moved that the Treasurer’s report be adopted. Dr. SMITH, of St. Catharines, seconded the matter and it was carried. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON NAMES AND VARIETIES. Last year this committee in its report summarized the work of the committee since its organization, and gave a list of the subjects dealt with in all previous an- nual reports. Several changes were made in the personnel of the committee last year, and it now consists of Mr. W. T. Macoun, chairman, Miss Mary Yates, Miss M. E. Blacklock, Prof. H. L. Hutt, Mr. W. E. Saunders, Prof. Thomson, and Miss I. Preston, secretary. Nearly all the members of the committee have made some contribution to the present report. The growing need of having a committee or committees with some Cana- dian organization at the back of them to pass on new varieties of horticultural plants of Canadian origin has been felt this year more than ever before, and it is hoped that something can be done at this meeting of the Ontario Horticultural Association to strengthen the action of the Canadian Florists’ and Gardener’s As- sociation, which has already made arrangements for the registration of Canadian novelties, and has appointed committees to pass judgment upon them. The Cana- dian Florists’ and Gardeners’ Association, however, is a body of commercial men and women who naturally see things from a dollars and cents standpoint first, but it is felt by the Names and Varieties Committee of the Ontario Horticultural Association that amateurs as well as professionals should be on the committees so as to insure a variety being judged on its artistic, as well as on its commercial 54 REPORT OF THE No. 42 ,_-_- merits. It would seem to be desirable to have someone on each of the committees on ornamental plants who is recognized as an artist, as well as a aorticulturist. Owing to the great distances in Canada, too much care cannot be taken in the ap- pointment of committees, and a large committee for each section of plants seems desirable in order that there may be a sufficient number of experts fairly near to- ~ gether to pass judgment on novelties. It should: be arranged that no part of the large committee could make awards unless professionals and amateurs were equally represented when judgment was passed on a new variety. It might be desirable to have novelties shown at certain exhibitions at which the committees could be pre- sent. | The following information in regard to the registration of novelties which has been adopted by the Canadian Gardeners’ and Florists’ Association may be given here. This is from the report presented by the Plant Registration Bureau at the 1921 Convention of the Canadian Gardeners’ and Florists’ Association. “During the year 1920-21 considerably more progress has been made in plant re- gistration in Canada than in any previous year. The necessary application forms were printed and are now ready for distribution to all users or introducers of new or novel plants, either in Canada or elsewhere, the rules of the Plant Registration Bureau being printed on the reverse side of the form. A certificate or award of merit was designed, and other certificates such as the first and second classes and botanical are in course of preparation. “A system has been worked out for recording all introductions. This, in its initial stage, consists of a loose leaf book, to which additions, modifications or alterations may at any time be made. As all applications are numbered and filed, it will only be necessary at any time to refer to the. file number to locate the application. Later all applications with the necessary data will be printed, permanently bound, and kept pro- perly as a matter of record. “The following is the personnel of the Canadian Plant Registration Committee: Floral Committee—John Dunlop, Toronto; W. W. Gammage, London, Ont.; W. E. Groves, Hamilton; A. Gilchrist, Toronto; BE. J. Hayward, Montreal; S. F. Wood. Lon- don, Ont, Tree and Shrub Committee—S. Davidson, Fonthill, Ont.; A. V. Hall, Toronto; F. Carr, Oakville, Ont. d Fruit Committee—Professor Macoun, Ottawa; Professor Bunting, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que.; Father Leopold, La Trappe, Que.; Peter Reid, Chateauguay, Que. Vegetable Committee—Professor Crow, Guelph; Frank Reeves, Humber Bay, Ont.; . A. Smith, Lachine Que.; Robert Burrows, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que. Scientific Committee—Professor Thompson, Toronto University; H. B. Sifton, M.A., Ottawa; Professor Buck, Victoria, B.C. General Advisory Committee—H. J. Moore, Islington, Ont.; Professor Macoun, Ot- tawa; Professor Crow, Guelph; W. W. Gammage, London; E. J. Hayward, Montreal; C. A. Smith, Lachine, Que.; H. B. Siftton, M.A., Ottawa.” Before leaving this subject your committee desires to impress upon the mem- bers of the Ontario Horticultural Association the great importance of keeping the standard of awards very high, in order to gain and maintain the confidence of the public in the value of the awards. The popularity of the Iris has increased greatly during the past few years, and there are now a large number of iris enthusiasts who will have nothing but the best. It is important, therefore, that each year novelties and other varieties of special merit be brought to the attention of this association. Miss M. E. Black- lock, Meadowvale, Ont., a member of this committee, has furnished the following in regard to newer irises and ponies :— THE NEWER VARIETIES OF IRIS. Afterglow (Sturtevant). This and Nothung are very much alike, but After- glow, with me, at least, is taller and has a little more brilliance. It is a very beautiful and striking Iris, mauve-grey throughout, with soft, but brilliant, yel- 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 55 low in the style, arms and crests; fairly tall, and the flowers well set on the stem, and of good size; very well worth having. Alcazar (Vil.). A tall, vigorous, very fine Iris. S. a pinkish mauve with F.’s a reddish purple; while the colors are not brilliant they are very soft and beautiful, and the whole plant, with its stately growth and immense flowers, is very striking. Ambassadeur (Vil.). This might be described as a larger, deeper colored Alcazar, very imposing in height, size of bloom and coloring. It is said to be tather shy flowering, but this remains to ke proved. It appears to be of vigorous constitution. Ann Page (Horts). This is a truly delightful Iris. The colour is nearly as beautiful and pure as that of Pallida Dalmatica, but the shape is quite different, though almost equally attractive: It is a large spreading flower of wonderful ef- fect in the garden with its tall branching stems and stately mien. Anne Leslie (Sturtevant). S. delicate pink. F. carmine. The colouring of this variety is very pretty, but it is not free enough flowering, or tall enough to be very effective. Archeveque. A wonderfully rich, pure purple throughout, but too short in growth to be imposing, and the flowers are on the small side. Its deep color and velvety texture are its greatest assets. Ballerine (Vil.), This Iris is very promising. Fine large mauve-blue. Growth, tall and stately. Black Prince. The colouring of this Iris is still the most beautiful, to my mind, in the richness of the deep violet purple of its velvety Falls, and it is de- cidedly the latest to flower with me; but its gaping standards leave a good deal to be desired as to form, and its poor constitution and low growth are decidedly against it. Dawn (Yeld). This is described as sulphur yellow, but is really barely off white; it is a good Iris, but not specially wonderful in any way. Dominion (Bliss). The high price of this variety should not be taken as a positive proof of its desirability. Having only flowered it once. it is too early to say much about it, but compared with the performances of Magnifica, Ambassa- deur, and a number of other new ones planted at the same time, it is a little dis- appointing. The coloring of the bloom is not as beautiful as that of Black Prince, the S. being a pinkish lavender, and the F.’s more of a plum purple (not indigo, as stated in description), but the flower appears to be of much better form. It may be that when well established, it will prove the marvel of beauty we have been led to expect. It is not always possible to judge of a flower’s capabilities for a year or two—unfortunately it appears to be a weak grower. , Dimity (Bliss). This reminds one of Mrs. H. Darwin, being white with mauve pencilings near the throat. Probably it will prove an improvement on that good old variety in size of bloom and in the looser setting of the flowers on the stem. Time will tell. Ed. Michel (Verdier). This is supposed to be a taller and richer coloured Caprice, but, with me, it has proved a poor grower and though the colour is: darker the blooms are smaller. It is a little taller, but not as effective, as it does not appear to be free flowering. Perhaps my soil does sot suit it or else it has been greatly overpraised. Eldorado (Vil.). A wonderful combination of yellow, bronze, heliotrope and violet purple, with orange gold beard. Seeing it at close range one is filled with 56 REPORT OF THE No. 42 admiration for the exquisite contrast of its colours, but the bloom is of weak structure, though large, and the stalks are short, therefore, from a short distance it is scarcely visible, as the prevailing colours are too brown to be noticeable, at least on any sandy soil. Isoline (Vil.). A tall, large flowered, most beautiful variety. S. liac-pink, F. purplish old rose, with gold at the throat, and speckled with molten gold along Cenotaph Erected by the Guelph Horticultural Society on the Soldiers’ Plot. The Society Looks After the Plot and Holds a. Decoratton Day Each Year. the haft; so wonderfully metallic is this gold that you feel you could pick out the grains with a needle. With me it is not a very strong grower. Magnifica (Vil.). Huge flowers. S. light and F.’s darker violet blue, on tall strong stems. The leaves are broad and glaucous and suggest great vigor of con- stitution. This is a most promising variety, and in no way belies the description given of it. Sah ~~ 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 57 a EU I NS Ma Mie. A pretty little Iris 4 la Mme. Chereau, without as decided a lavender edge. The flowers are a little larger, and do not hug the stem so closely, but it is not tall enough to be very effective. Marsh Marigold (Bliss). A most brilliant variety. Though the yellow stan- dards are not so deep a color as those of ‘Maori King, and the Falls are very much the same, the flowers are so well placed and the stems so much longer, that the whole effect is very much better. Mile. Schwartz (Denis). If this magnificent Iris only proves to be hardy and fairly vigorous in our climate (a matter of great doubt, as it is from a Ricardii cross), it will be a great acquisition, as it has every other virtue. The large shapelv flowers are of the most delicate and delightful shade of lavender-blue, paler than Celeste, on tall stately spikes. Medrano (Vil.). Fair-sized flowers of a most peculiar and striking brown- crimson colour, Medium height. Decidedly attractive. Monsignor (Vil.). This variety, in my opinion, is much overrated, or else there is something in my soil that prevents it doing itself justice. It is in two shades of purple, the Falls especially being splashed with a deeper purple. It is short, very floriferous, and has medium sized flowers. | Nothung G. & K.). So like Afterglow that it is needless to describe it, pos- sibly another year it may be taller, but the spikes in 1921 (from August set plants of 1920) were not long enough to be very effective. Large blooms; A very attrac- tive variety. Parisiana (Vil.). Large flowers, well placed on tall stems of the Mme. Cher- eau type, but of pinkish lilac instead of lavender, and the colour carried over the flower by minute dots and veinings; quite effective. Rodney (Bliss). A lovely pure blue with large well formed flowers. Good constitution. Sweet Lavender (Bliss). S. pale lavender; F.’s deeper with a rosy glow, The coloring is charming, far more beautiful than it sounds. Remarkably free flower- ing with tall branching spikes. A very beautiful variety. Tristram (Bliss): S. pure white, F.’s deep black-purple. This is supposed to be an improvement on. Thorbeck. It is very free flowering, but the flowers hug the stem too closely to be effective or graceful. Strong grower. SoME OF THE NEWER PONIES. The numbers following the name of the originator denote the ranking of the variety in the American Peony Society's Symposium, based on the votes of the members. The voting is upon a scale of ten, in which a grade of ten represents the highest excellence. Auguste Dessert (Dessert). This has not been planted long enough to give typical flowers, but the colour is very brilliant and pleasing, and one feels it has great possibilities. Ginette (Dessert) 8. 8. Another very choice early blooming variety of deli- eate coloring. It is difficult to predict accurately which will prove the finest of these three, Ginette, Jeannot, and Rosette, as they have not been planted long enough to give typical blooms, but the odds are in favour of Jeannot. : Jeannot (Dessert, 1918) 8.9. A charming bloom, large and of very delicate coloring, probably it will prove to be one of the very choicest of the newer Peonies. or CO REPORT OF THE No. 42 Mme. Jules Dessert (Dessert, 1909) 9.4. This is an older Peony than any of the above, but it has not been much grown in Canada. It is a very beautiful thing. It opens a delicate pink and fades to almost pure white. Philippe Rivoire (Riviere 1911) 9.2. This ranks the highest of any crimson Peony, so in the mass it must be beautiful. The color is a peculiar shade of deep purple-crimson, American Beauty boiled down to a deep color would per- haps convey a fair idea of it. The only blooms I have seen have not been very large. It does not convey the impression of being a showy landscape variety, as the color is soft rather than brilliant. Raoul Dessert (Dessert) 9.0. Enormous, full flower of fresh rosy-pink with a little extra warmth in the heart. It would be a callous person that would pass by this Peony without an exclamation of delight as it is the type that appeals to all. A tall vigorous grower and free bloomer, in clusters. Rosette (Dessert) 8.9. Scarcely as beautiful as Jeannot, but a very desirable early variety. | Solange (Lemoine, 1907) 9.7. The coloring of this variety is quite unique, a creamy pink deepening at the heart to an almost butter-yellow and flesh. Large beautifully formed, flowers freely produced. Fairly vigorous grower. Generally conceded to be one of the most beautiful paeonies at present in existence, as its rank indicates. Tourangelle (Dessert, 1910) 9.4. This charming variety is a delicate pure, almost flesh pink with no hint of the objectionable magenta in it. Its flowers are of fair size and pretty shape, and to see it is to love it. NEWER PONIES OF AMERICAN ORIGIN. Elizabeth B. Browning (Brand) 9.2. This is a very fine variety that promises very well, and its high rating in the Symposium shows that it is likely to prove’ worth having. It is not as good a grower with me aq Frances Willard. Frances Willard (Brand, 1907) 9.1. A large free flowering white, that promises to become very popular. It is a free grower and bloomer. Karl Rosenfield (Rosenfield). A very brilliant and attractive red variety with fairly large flowers in clusters. A vigorous grower. Mary Brand (Brand, 190%) 8.%. This is a little richer and more brilliant in color than Karl Rosenfield, and both are better, in my estimation, than Longfellow, which ranks 9.0 in the Peony Symposium, while Mary Brand only ranks 8.7 and Karl Rosenfield 8.8. Mary Brand is a fairly large flower, and in shape, growth and fragrance leaves little to be desired in a crimson peony. Longfellow (Brand, 1907) 9.0. This variety was procured from the Peterson Nursery, Chicago, and as they guarantee their stock true to name, I have every reason to believe it is the true variety, but, after the plaudits it has received from all sources, I must confess that it has not come up to my expectations. It is a good Peony, but not so good as Karl R. or Mary B., which both rank several . points lower in the Symposium. It may be that my soil does not bring out its full beauty. __ Walter Paxon (Richardson) 9.8. A wonderfully pure and lovely shade of pink of medium size and inclined to be bomb-shaped, the texture delightfully soft, as in Jia Tendresse. Fairly free bloomer, but not especially robust in growth. The following contribution is from Mr. W. E. Saunders, London, Ont., an- -other member of the committee, who endorses Miss Blacklock’s statements in regard 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 59 to some of the new varieties of Iris, and gives further information in regard to others. THE Newer Iriszs. At the time of our last remarks on Irises, the list of quality was headed by such varieties as Alcazar and Isoline, introduced by Vilmorin, Andrieux et Cie, Paris. Since that time there has been a wonderful improvement in the species, and a whole new gamut of wonderful varieties has been introduced. The French- men are still in the forefront, but some of their varieties are put on the market by English firms, and there are also notable contributions by Americans as well, though their flowers are usually held at prices that none but dyed-in-the-wool fans are willing to pay, and the result is, that most of their varieties are unrepresented in Canadian gardens. There is also the impression that the American varieties do not possess the same superfine quality that is found in France; indeed, some recent American introductions have been adversely criticized by officers of the American Iris Society. The following remarks are therefore necessarily confined to varieties of Kuro- pean origin, and as some of them have been available for only a year or two, opinions now expressed are subject to revision in the near future. All your com- mittee can say is that the following statements express the opinions of several Iris growers up to the present. The firm of Vilmorin stands perhaps at the head of the Iris world, and shall therefore receive first consideration. Their new varieties have been fairly tested in the London district, and Ambassadeur, Ballerine, Cluny, Grevin, Magnifica and Moliere have been found worthy of the highest praise. Ambassadeur is a noble Squalens of fine habit, with large and substantial flowers of the richest tints. Ballerine, Cluny and Magnifica are bicolors that arouse enthusiastic comment from every beholder. Moliere so far appears to be rather dwarf, but with enormous flowers in which the blue is modified by red. Grevin is of the deep rich garnet color found in Opera, previously introduced by the same firm, an exceedingly rich color and a flower of great beauty. . Perhaps the outstanding Iris of the world to-day is the product of the skill of Bliss, the celebrated English hybridizer, and is named Dominion, and it is unfor- ~ tunate, though perhaps unavoidable, that Messrs. Wallace and others, who offer it for sale, have not yet been able to recede more than a trifle from the introduction price of 5 guineas. The flower is a marvellous blue of a richness previously unequa)l- led, and an American visitor reported that the stock at Wallace’s was “much de- pleted, owing to the enormous demand.” From the garden of Millet and Son, in France, comes the great Iris, Souvenir de Mme. Gaudichau, said by some export growers to be the finest Iris they have ever seen: Ochracea Cerulea, by the same men, is an Iris of great promise. Mlle. Schwartz, by M. Denis, is the choice of another enthusiast as the very best, so it will be seen that while opinions differ, all nnite in thinking that one of the new ones is the very finest. Lent A. Williamson is the fourth of the new rich blues that are acclaimed at the top. It is an American variety, and the plants so far reported have not yet bloomed. ; Wallace and Co. are the distributors of a large group of new Irises by Denis, Bliss, Van Hort and Yeld, and from this group we may look for many fine things. They are all, or nearly all in Canada, but some-of the young plants have not yet 60 REPORT OF THE No. 42 bloomed, and no opinions can be very definite as yet. Crusader and Lord of June are certainly very fine bicolors of great stature, and fine substance and color, bear- ing many magnificent flowers on a spike, and in that respect lies one great point of superiority of the new Irises over the old ones. Lady Foster is a lovely pale mauve, practically self-colored. Clematis opens after the style of a Kaempferi with very beautiful markings on the lavender petals. Deuil de Valery Mayet is a splendid wine red, and seems to be one of the coming kinds. Dumity is one of the new frilled ones, probably better than Mme. Chereau, and it takes no mean flower to eclipse this very old variety. Sunshine, Viola, Tomtit and Sweet Lavender may easily be worth while, but Yeld’s Dawn seems to lack sufficient character to make it sure of a place in the garden of the critical Iris grower. Tristam and Richard are striking flowers of the Thorbeck type, white above and deep violet below, the former having the advantage in height and perhaps in quantity of bloom. The following list of gladioli is contributed by Mr. H. L. Hurt, another mem- ber of the committee,— A Frew oF THE BEST GLADIOLI OF RECENT INTRODUCTION. 1. Anna Eberius (Diener, 1917). Dark velvety purple, throat of deeper shade. Large flowers on tall spikes. 2. Anthony B. Kunderd, (Kunderd, 1918). Large ruffled flowers of deep cream color, overspread with a pink blush; lower petals primrose cream, flushed pink at edges. 3. Byron L. Smith (Kunderd, 1917). Lavender pink on white ground, colored like a Cattleya orchid. 4. Bertrex (Mrs. Austin, 1914). A beautiful glistening whites tall and vig- orous. 5. Catharina (Velthuys, 1916). An excellent light grey-blue, lower petals a little darker with brownish red spot. Tall spikes. 6. Crimson Glow (Betscher, 1916). A deep brilliant crimson. Flowers large on tall graceful spikes | is David Starr Jordan (Diener, 1917). Very large bright red or flame colored flowers. 8. Evelyn Kirtland (Mrs. Austin, 1916). A beautiful ahade of pink deepening towards the edges. Large wide open as on tall graceful spikes. 9. Flora (Velthuys, 1917). A large, light golden yellow. Ranks next to the famous Golden Measure as the best yellow. 19, Gretchen Zang (Mrs. Austin, 1915). A glistening rosy pink. Stems grew crooked during the hot weather last summer, but in the cooler season, later, the blooms were exceptionally fine. tH, Herada (Mrs. Austin, 1916). Another of Mire Austin’ s “Big Four.” Pure mauve, large flowers; a vigorous grower. 12, L’'Immaculée, An early pure white, which dishes not tint’in the sun. - Many flowers open at once. 12. Jack London (Diener, 191%). Bright salmon with flame-colored stripes and yellow throat. A good grower and great multiplier. 14. Lady Borden (Gilchrist). A~ Canadian variety. Tatge creamy white flowers with large crimson blotch in the throat. Blooms late. 15. Liebes Feuer (Velthuys, 1912). A brilliant scarlet. Tall spikes and many flowers out at once. 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 61 ~ 16. Le Marechal Foch (Van Deursen, 1919). A Holland variety said to be a seedling of America. Flowers much larger than America, of about the same shade of lilac pink. As early as Halley, and as good a multiplier. 17. Loveliness (Van Konynenburg, 1912). Large creamy white flowers tinted pink. ... 2.0 5....:.. 227+92 106 153 44 50 52 eS ae 358 94 179 172 87 84 72 0 ae Le Sta oO 886 782 594 444 296 Bridgeburg(organized in 1921) 484 70 1G? he 75 86 Brooklin (organized in 1921) . 73 67 RIAA ad, 47 17 eee 159 67 100 66 59 48 31 a re 301 84 136 123 75 58 57 Cardinal (organized in 1921).. 170 04 BO tes 2 Sescc 75 34 Carleton Place............. 586 44 142 186 135 90 103 ES a 4,601 28 fom | Tsta2 800 800 759 8 267 99 116 90 75 52 47 ve 259 35 94 146 65 46 55 oS SN 699 68 136 148 212 139 111 a ta ia 419 98 274 197 233 155 84 Creemore (organized in 1921), 154 44 ae ae es 75 34 Eh es wae 196 10 64 80 64 37 37 LS SS a 347 66 56 111 §5 23 61 a A 2S BE eee 1,125 81 78 pag! 84 117 183 ea eae 138 72 64 51 49 44 25 Dutton and Dunwich....... 537 19 134 186 112 131 97 SR ee ae 345 36 102 134 57 69 64 Elora and Salem............ 938 13 245 231 111 170 155 ee PT ae Rie aera 296 69 rs 73 91 69 49 Fenelon Falls.............. 212 43 76 56 46 55 36 | 349 71 136 186 54 79 73 Fort ¢ William Peete RY SS cd 1,986 46 1,116 | 1,204 145 552 441 MR es oo ee 1,737 38 416 574 190 325 309 SES rs as 485 84 127 377 75 85 120 2 TT a aes 414 36 167 134 5 102 72 Glencoe (organized in 1921).. 165 19 Siti ees. +5 75 35 SS Sa eee 211 35 140 145 88 67 49 PS aa ee 473 03 93 147 46 74 83 Bt 9 SS sy aes 3,057 85 1,026 | 1,080 692 633 555 Ppemrentiry oo SESS.) 416 51 67 77 81 67 64 OS re 2,286 28 921 | 1,002 515 501 445 OS eee eee 779 94 302 336 216 190 15k Harrow (organized in 1921).. 169 14 2) See 75 35 OSS 2 ee ee ade a2 92 140 ti [ris 69 0 See 421 84 166 211 106 112 86 Highgate 2 a i in 1921). 159 98 yo eae ogee 75 35 A eer ee 925 19 464 549 230 240 203 Hallsbeoe. eee 308 47 67 62 75 62 49 OS) Base 1,309 13 161 139 364 292 185 SL SER Ra eae 390 31 152 200 72 92 80 iia er (organized in eS eine Pe “| V7. 90 Oe . wader 75 112 Kemptville aE Oy are : 555 23 143 319 75 76 120 SS 413 62 251 io, Ol eee 119 79 sg i 1,380 67 | ~° 315 249 189 300 212 92 REPORT OF THE No. 42 STATEMENT OF MEMBERSHIP AND LEGISLATIVE GRANTS FOR 1920-22.—Cont. | Expenditure Membership. Legislative grants. in 1921, on Societies. which grant for 1922 is based. | 1929 | 1921 1920 1921 1922 Kstchener? S620 ee 1-22 27 501 538 326 318 247 Leminitton 6 oo OEY Ere oe: 903 28 184 328 es 78 165 Landaay., sisal ee 1,990 15 272 213 353 372 282 Tatiowel . osch ee aoe eee 576 95 65 80 76 ra’ 85 Lordon 2 Sa SX eeaee ee 2,378 82 975 1,683 800 726 566 Markham (5225.% ig ee 317 44 67 135 4° > ee 35 60 Matilda Tp. (organized 1921) 129861: hc oles 103 his ae 75.1. 32 Madland . 7 ora > Peek 197 10 162 136 75 54 46 Milton? 35) 33. jose 229 68 128 132 72 67 49 Mimico (organized in 1921).. (ae v4 lio S6b 4. ieee 75 150 Mitehell 2) es. = seen oe 215 20 103 110 49 56 45 Mount Dennis (organized he 4 @ Oise. a oie er eee 40 90 86) bce 2) eee 19 Morrisburg 35, Pra a3 960 53 178 313 245 119 170 Napanee? fa... °F = = 205 47 GSe1.,, 63 45 43 ta Newenstle 2) ay 450 85 119 103 82 102 72 Smithville (organized in 1921) 103 88 ATS 3 eels 75 29 outhampton.............. 422 87 127 128 to 52 72 South Norwich............. 292 25 106 117 56 65 53 rete. cs... eee 189 13 98. 100 60 54 39 pumeerd.... |. kee. ee 1,990 71 903 884 551 428 389 oS ee oe ao 459 80 319 370 160 - 142 116 Un eee? ee 278 35 50 50 66 50 42 Tillsonburg.......... a 727 23 89 181. 31 68 121 Zetonto, je... . , ie ae 1,444 28 408 534 700 300 265 1922 HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. — 93 STATEMENT OF MEMBERSHIP AND LEGISLATIVE GRANTS FOR 1920-22—Cont. Expenditure in Membership. Legislative Grants. - 4s Ac) ee eee ES [ee ee eee ee le paaee Grant for 1922 is aaah 1920 | 1921 1920 1921 | 1922 Wales (organized in 1921)... 125 19 eee Sore 75 29 Walkerton os So Re eee 431 47 174 py 78 98 91 (TE es 608 59 156 210 168 108 210 (ES ee ae 1,049 63 303 336 352 287 185 0 298 81 112 147 46 77 61 7 Oe a, Se ee 303 55 85 109 87 71 55 Watford (organized in 1921). Sa 40} «Cees OY Pie ee ys 75 56 TL ee 572 28 211 320 133 123 122 ES 195 28 77 55 75 58 33 RR ed el 2,702 79 851 1,846 768 576 632 0 eee 788 66 68 84 88 62 PEE ES ee 219 96 101 104 40 52 44 0 SS See eee 94 07 80 ro 8 gh ON 2 oy ee 49 25 Memmerrester. 3. ..........-.-. 398 O01 285 160 148 153 75 0 1,035 58 PA lel | 424 496 176 197 0 1,191 96 wre 350 187 194 205 SS Sere 112,131 32 28.029 | 37,357 | 17,644 19,587 117.881 94 REPORT OF THE No. 42 ACTUAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES IN 1921 =) os ea. : Societies. 2 3 2 bp ») $ jo ee 81 Agincourt..... 45 Bimontes 0.06 2% 75 Alyinston. .... <6... 28 Ambherstburg...... 91 PUIPOTAl 6 ona Ses 139 Aylmer). Seas ae 210 BN: oe he as ae 58 ge ae 177 Beamsville........ 75 Blenheim and Har- Wiek..- Gack sswates 183 Bethwells =< i<%. 49 Bowmanville...... 50 Bramptom... 60-24% 84 Braitiord 555 fo 444 Bridgeburg....... 75 Brookline. <.c24% 47 Brussels! 3.505272 48 Burlington....... 58 Cardinal .« 3.53 200s 75 Carleton Place. . 90 Chatham 2... 800 Chesley? 42 5G. 52 Chesterville...... 46 Clifford os 3 Soe 139 OMITEOR: eat o'S5-2 Sone 155 Creemore is 32 4: 75 PAS xls SOR ai, Dresden oe oe. ao Dundas. ak. ry Durham sos bass 44 Dutton and PuUnwiek. {iss a 131 Basta: yo. see 69 Elora & Salem.... 170 BN io sac anal 69 Fenelon Falls..... 55 TD ee 79 Fort William..... 552 OS 325 Gananoque....... 85 Georgetown....... 102 enese co0ve.... . ty: Goderich «. .s%... 67 Grimsby..... 74 SO eee 2 633 PISMCY DUTY +5 <0 ~.)ns- , Hamilton........ 501 eee 190 a 75 Biastings......... 43 ON a P= ae ations. Municipal grants and don és | Members’ fees. ©, @ 2 Feleue 250.10 eee e. oe) 10) ‘a. ie o 6.8. e. ote 6! 0) (ee. (e. eeceeee Dears @ 6 6 | | Gate Receipts at n | exhibitions. Total actual receipts. wee mre ©. Fe. wa rece “ee =) an. phe te ete ee ie wh Oe ee = ote» 04s shots fotale eet e we oe ee ee Sig SNe <2 © cee eee o 8) we. 88 sis a ere. o eee eee ee eee So « #400. ‘e 0) 81 @).6) (vl 6 6, 8" UG One Ke 46 573| 2,402] 51) 1,905 ae ee ek oeneeve For exhibitions. a 7a te 6 “@ Se oe eo see eee eeceeee cee eee e2ece eee se eeee see eee ee eee ayn fe oe, ial Ge , bulbs and plants and Civic Improvement. For seeds SB =§ Ee) g |: fe ee $8. 28 —] a) $ $ 71 316 22 256 5 179 Pe eee [es 103 eae 1,235 22 716 5 1,054 19 413 25 654 44 168 19 625 Ree 128 sited Mees ot 12 358. enon 1,356 20). 484 = Grkiieeed sacceneela to 8 159 1 301 nae ee eee 170 Bee oye: 585, 6 4,601 5 267 ae Sa 259 ct aaae 699: Pee) foe oe 419 i: poe ewe 154 15 196. RS te ee 347 92 1,125. 1 138. nee as 537 14 345. ee 938. 37 296. Pepe he ee 212° 5 Bis Sea 349: 3 1,986. od 9 | a 6 ie 123 485. ee Fre ar 414. See fae 165. tee 211 54 473° 179 3,057° 416. 51| 150] 2,286. 6 779° pe 169° 11 377° 1922 Societies. Peeseler os... Highgate :........ fieh Park... 2... :. Hillsburg......... a ae J Iroquois Falls. .... Kemptville....... oT rw Bee" .e » e 8: €.¢. 2 6, 20 Markham Matilda Twp..... CS) New Hamburg.... New Toronto..... ». 6. se @ a ae a RS. a BL ete.e o)0 ‘© Ottawa Palmerston Paris PRE Oo Peterborough Petrolia. .-....... MOO SS MS, 25 ne, & Ow Legislative grant. * For lawns and gardens. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES. a ACTUAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES IN 1921.—Continued. ations. Municipal grants and don Cp Bis 6» 9x.07'0 ol.a *e_ 610) eee ee “eee ee o = 6 2 @ e Dy Le Se exhibitions. | Members’ fees. Gate Receipts at Pe 6 ee erie Se 6 ae tom ae @ 216 « © «© CN ae el fer ete 6. -o aie ¢ |e €.e ae ow, ie ee ee ee ie a ae “.* 95 EG RET TR (ER 6c oe wna aeae necemmter eens R oO = 8.2 i) 2O q L , 2] 8 | Bog |oa| BILE 5 = a ~ S = 8 § 5 s ohn ened fe a Be ieee 3 a8 |835/ 8 | se r) 6 oo om] & 6° ~ cs cs 4 Oo es 369 29 93 4 248 ad EE SWE Oe SSMS ewe 159 991; 109 57 952 Pi acta (| pace ©) | Mee 308 Ly Soe Bee ed ed So 300] 1,309 395 = ones te. 1 a ie coe 390 *180 843 313 63 50 771 537 ol ee ieee ee 555 SIR Stee are 34 50| 413 1,565 3) CIR: < | Ca ee 100} 1,380 1,320) 285 7. 100): 1; 287 Syoprin.. = | | Rear 903 IGA. - Lp7S88).c eee, 30} 1,990 583 16 25] 576 Py os ey eck 637| 273! 2,378 342 34 68): 317 DEG Cd Frees ee AO eh aes 129 DOG) os cee = a Re Pe Se 197 PY ees 4 15} 299 753| 155 39 50| 738 7) | ee ae Seca aN 1° | Olek eae 25} 215 LSUes ea De 1S ae 40 887, 102 32 20! 960 216 25 22 25| 205 et er eae DMMP: 5 ¢ bere een Neer 388 135 BB o. CSh.c 2 s e 129 *245 691 <“252h) >>. - “R66 «3 | ee 739 OOGIMS Siete |e te 10} 195 A5Gt2 oes. EG) Ppetkioe 12} 429 *297 3,300} 320 ¥4GG6). Sx: 250| 3,149 1,554) 233 1,142 ¢ Misa 1,633 Ot ae ee GAG eee 77 401255: 239 ro) pe 444 913) 244 CGR fo. ees, 1,036 Seen. et... ee 67 Ghittos. 452 Oh sia. 601 599 23 340 35} 100) 652 Sho ae 421 16) 2, 421 400| 173 7: SARS 5 407 nHPORT OF THE No. 42 96 ACTUAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURE OF HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES IN 1921.—Continued. B as a= a 2) aS) eee a : bes | xo a 3 za) ES = Societies. Saoee | fi “n v.28 5 a q 2 a § Ee S | 8c] & | 85 g S22 | ss Ss Ly Say Q Par es oad 9, =) So = ae = Lx = Sg BS a & 50 3a vo Bo 6 5 oO 2 8, 30 - = = O cm! ics Pa = Part Dover:.: 22:4 47 123t ate Zio 88 69 223 Port Hope... 2.2 (Retur/ns inco|/mplete Prescoths:: oes ROS) 2 140) fs 351}. 208) oa eee 316 Preston... 52. 55 °(g. 25 224 42 637 302 91 592 20 Richmond Hill.... 47 19) IWESVIPS 2 3.88 161 166 Ridgetown....... 55 SO bv alee | 647}. 517 15 564 Riverdale... 28 71 32 129 27 630 27 16 582 Rockwood.......- 59). - <2 eee SEs 208). Gaz) eee 301 Bodnewcke cee NNO he toe ie 665 643 13 727 Toronts. 20.56 chee 300; 214) 534 126) - 1,354 e I 78 1,444 5 ‘Trenton ss). pose 271; 450) 394 484, 2,240 629). EI 1,911 Wikes: 3.55265 75 tz RO hs 1ST. & 23. LOS). teens 125 Walkerton........ 98 27|. 232 Ly 496]..... 284 Lv Mie ie 431 Walkerville....... MOB). S26 PLOT toe AQ" <5". ADO. te 72 608 Wallaceburg...... 287| . 375) Vareao ale cn 1; Cae. e: 1 30). 3c emagerene 1,049 Walton; +. shen id 10 1s icge ss. SGA ace: ee | Pe 298 Waterloo. i904. 71 100 109 30 321 81 5 40) . 303 Watiord;-/2. 2724. 75 47 OG ake eg. 368 et DON hove 320 Westboro. ..>.4 053 123 68); S20}. nk: 578 2a? Aa 40 572 West Lorne....... 58 24 5D) tik wee sy Saale "IDA. cc eh oe 195 Weston >. ous 576 25| 1,846 101} 2,664 lpia) .:. ieee 2702 Wheatley......... 62 35 BAIN eae 44 . TOOT nah ect 10 788 WMILDY'. 2 63.3. pers 52 10 104 23 231) 110). > ete 219 Wiarton? +). i245 ..% SE SL hiis Hee WaAisa. Bi: Ol, -:Qeeee wae 94. Winchester....... 153 io 160 sie. S99 a. 222)... 40% 35 398 Wamdsor, . 2. 0+ 54% 76) .-500| 420Roe. 5 ORD S| Serge For eee OSES 1,035 Woodstock....... 194, .551 SEO ests ee RA BT tea 797 oo]. . 25h 2 61,656! 4,166] 6,607| 112,074 co $19 ,587|17 , 365/37 , 3611 4,168! 115,509|9 , 299 * For lawns and gardens. Pore ar ake Ontario. Devt. of Africulture SB 29 Horticultural societies of C34A16 Ontario. Report 192] Biological & i ledical Serials PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY