* UMASS/AMHERST * 312066 0333 2994 2 LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE sou RCE _Co_lAe^e...i:4AT\d*_. er %/.i% This book may be kept out TWO WEEKS only, and is subject to a fine of 1 WO CENTS a day thereafter, h will be due ' ' ' on the day indicated below. It'' ((Ml'' I M M V APR 1 1 I ( t « I ' ' , I / I 1 DESIGN FOR A RURAL STONE CHURCH. Engraved and Printed expressly for the Horticulturist. niJf'-^^Sift j.f ^^A-i-^* U S N A L lui it ii ,y ^% \x X iv uu. DEVOTED TO HORTICULTURE, LATiTDSCAPE GARDENING, RURAL ARCHITECTURE BOTANY, POMOLOGY, ENTOMOLOGY, RURAL ECONOMY, ETC. ILLUSTRATED WITH MUMEROUS EMGRAViNQ! PETER B. MEAD. £ D i T O S . G-EORGE S. Yv'OOB'VYARD. ASSOC! ATI; EDlTOi-i. Volume XVIII. — January to Deokiiber, 1863. '^' NEW YOlMv: PUBLISHED BY ]^IEAD & WOODWARD, No. 3 7 PARK ROW. 1863. , ^v.o ^)- JKx,, '^■\. f r t n t J- r, per T9 V, ?. INDEX. A. PAGE. Action of Frost on Plants 123 of Light on Roots 217 of Light — Plowing Orch- ards .". 841 Address of President Wilder. . 8ST Adirondac Grape 104 Alyssum Maritimum 126 Amateur Lover of Horticulture, What he Accomplished 2S0 American Arbor Vita? 259 Shade Trees, The Elm. . . . 283 A New Heliotrope 188 A Nut for Fo.x Meadow 21 Annuals, A half dozen of Easy Culture 125, 154 Balsams, or Lady Slippers, 12T Calliopsis 155 Candytuft 155 Oarkia 155 Drummond's Phlox 127 Dwarf French Marigold.... 127' German Asters 127 Portulaca 155 Sweet Alyssum 126 Ten Week Stock 127 Tropaiolum 1,55 Zinnia 154 Apples, Americ'n Summ'r Pear- main 262 Ben Davis 262 Danver's Winter Sweet. . . 262 Early Harvest 262 Fameuse 262 Granite Beauty 83 Gravenstein 262 . Grimes' Golden Pippin... . 206 Large Yellow Bough 262 Peck's Pleasant 262 Eambo 262 Eawles' Janet 262 Eea Astrachan 262 Svvaar 262 Archit'ture, Wayside Thoughts on 376 "Articles of Faith" in Orchard Culture 96 Asparagus Beetle, The 138 Beetle 162 Azaleas, Mr. Van Vorst's 221 B. Balsamina Hortensis 127 Bedding Plants, Alyssum, var- iegated 257 Centaurea candidissima. . . 257 Coleiis Verschaflfeltii 2.57 Fuchsia Meteor 257 Ornamental leaved 257 Scarlet Geranium 257 Sedum variegatum 257 Variegated Alyssum 257 Beetle, The Asparagus 1-33 The Asparagus". 162 Beehive, The Butterfly 207 Blackberry, A New Seedling. . 271 Cut-leaved 55 The. Lawton, in Ohio 100 PAGE Black Walnut 259 Borer, The Peach Tree 220 "Bright" Nut, The, Interior View of 45 " Bright Nut " Borders, Inter- ior View of 85 "Bright Nut," Interior View of the. Extended 180, 151 Bright's Method of Cultivating the Grape in Vineyards 298 Brinckl6, Death of Dr 66 Brooklyn Horticultural Soci- ety 34 Buckthorn 259 Buildings, Horticultural 314 Building Sites in the Country, 254 Butterfly Beehive, The 207 c. Cabinet for Fruit 344 California, Fruit in 224 Camellia, Twin 112 Carpenter's Seedling Grapes... 222 Castor Oil Pomace for Moles. . 356 Catalogues, etc., received, 85, 102 184, 165, 224, 258, 289, 325, 858 Cedarmere Pear 279 Chapter on Gates 143 Chaumontel Pear ^ . 843 Cheap Grape Trellis 275 Cheap Paint 163 Cheat? Is it profitable to 189 Cherries, Belle de Choisy 262 Belle Magnifique 262 Black Eagle 262 Black Tartarian 262 Coe's Transparent 262 Kentish 262 Late Duke 262 May Duke 262 Reine Hortense 262 Chieftain Heliotrope 133 Chinese Layering the Grape. .. 294 Circulation of the Sap 25 Circulation of the Sap 63 Circulation of the Sap, Review of Mr. Fryer's Article 187 Clarke Raspberry 379 Cleaning House 185 Cocoanut Fibre-Refuse gener- ally useful as a Manure 320 Cocoa Fibre Waste 247 Waste 225 Cold Grapery, The 212 Cold Grapery 306 Coleus grown in Manure 380 Concord Grape, The 219 Reply to D 250 Reply to Mr. Hussman 284 Reply to Mr. Deliot 817 Coleman's White Grape 70 Correspondence. 35, 66, 103. 134 166, 194, 225, 258, 290, 325, 358, 380 Cottage Architecture 300 Cottages, a Couple of 369 Country Church, a Stone 20 Country Homes 79 Country Homes, Design No. 8, 109 •i 'a Q 4^ «":>. . •) PAGE Country Homes, 173, 203, 267, 300 333 Country Seats, Holly's 164 Cultivating Fruit Trees 241 Cultivating Orchards 158 Cultivation of Mushrooms 114 Culture of Annuals 125, 154 Curved Lines, Tracing, for Roads or Walks 10 Cut-leaved Blackberry 55 D. Dahlia. Andrew Dodds 50 Beauty of Hilperton 50 Carrie Emmons 50 Madge Wildfire 50 Marie Rougier 50 Marquis of Boromont 50 Mrs. Boshell 50 Mrs. Dodds 50 Neville Keynes 61 Priiieess of Prussia 51 Umpire 50 The 50,161 Dahlia, Fancy Varieties, Dan- dy 51 Leopard 51 Norah Creina 51 Starlight 51 Summerside 51 Talisman 51 Dahlia, Old Varieties, Baron Alderson 51 Chairman 51 Charles Perry 51 Dr. Bois Duval 51 Gloire de Kain 51 Grand Duke 51 Lady Popham 51 Lollipop 51 Loveliness 51 Madame Zahler 51 Magnificent 51 Pouliditto 51 Pre-eminent 51 Triomphe de Eoubaix 51 Vesta 51 Death of Dr. Brinckle 66 Dr. Jno. A. Kennicott 257 Dr. Massie 855 Grant Thorburn 102 Nicholas Longworth 101 Delaware Grape 101 Propagation of The 160 Delaware Grape, The 119 Designs in Rural Architecture. 20 Design of Country Mansion ... 43 Detached Borders, &c 166 De uvis, et quibnsdam Aliis. .. 27 Disease of the Verbena 81 Downton Nectarine, The 876 Dwarf Pears 61, 147 E. Earle Pear, The 148 Early Peach, Hale's 242 Editor's Table, 82, 65, 101, 133, 161 192, 222. 256, 2S7, 821, 865, 878 IV General Index. I'AGB Elizabeth Grape, The 38 Kim, The 2S8 F. Fair of the American Institute, 256, 323, 356 Fence, Ventilating and Pro- tecting 141 Fences 374 Ferns, Anaiieltis Vacciuilfolia. 217 Anapeltis Venosa 211 Campyloneuran rigidum.. 216 Hymeiv.jlf pis spicata 216 Lepicystis Sepultum 216 Nerrodi'.un lanceolatum... 217 Phlehodium dictj'ocallis . . 217 ' Phymatodi. s lanceolata. . . . 217 Phymatiides saccata 217 Pleopollis percussa 217 Polypodia hi attenuata 216 Flax and Hemp 825 Flemish Beautj- Pears 33, 64 Forcing and Pi-!,pagat'g Houses 271 Fox Meadow (xarden, The Grapes of 287 Free Peach, Variegated 276 Frost on Plants, Action of 128 Fruit Cabin(it 344 Fruit in California 224 Illinois 290 Minnesota 261, 291 Fruit, on Markeiiug 176 Fruit Trees, Cultivating 241 Fruit Trees on Trellis 290 Fuchsia Meteor 136 *&. Gardener's Monthly and Or- chard Culture 165 Gardening, on Market 1S2 Gardening, "Woman's 24 Garden, The Kitchen 12 Gates, a Chapter on 148 Gladiolus, Achilie 14 Anatole Leveuneur 14 Azlaie: 14 Berthe Kahourdin 14 Breuchleyensis 14 Canary 14 Ceres 14 Comte de Moruy 14 Diane 15 D uc do Malakotf 14 El Dorado 15 Florian 15 Hebe 15 Leonard de Vinci 15 Le Poussin 15 MacAIahon 15 , Madame de- Vatry 15 Madame Leseble 15 Madame Vilmorin 15 Maria du Mortiere 15 Mazeppa 15 Napoleon III 15 Ncptnne...., 15 Ninon de L'EncIos 15 Olympe Lescuyer 15 Ophir 15 Penelope 15 Pluton 15 Princess Mathilde 15 Purity 15 Raphael 15 Eeine Victorie 15 Remarks on The ... 14 Solfaterre 15 Veleda 15 Gleaniuss US, 172 Glue, a good 34 Golden Pippin Apple, Grimes'. 206 Good Building Sites in the Country 254 Gossip, Horticultural 75 PAGE Grafting Wax Again, Liquid.. 123 Granite Beauty Apple 88 Grape, Adirondac 104 Gi'ape and Wine Exhibition at Cleveland, 0 823 Grape, Concord 219 Grape Crop at the West 822 Grape Culture, Hints on, No. 22. 9 No. 23, 78 No. 24. 105 No. 25, 137 No. 26. 169 No. 27. 201 No. 28. 283 No. 29. 2f)0 No. 30. 297 No. 31. 829 No. 82. 861 Grape, Delaware 119 Elizabeth 33 Grape Exhibition 84 Grape Exhibition at New York 288 Grape Grafting 27 Grape, Isabella 163 Grape, Propagation of the Dela- ware 160 Grape Report from Waterloo . . 348 Grape Rot and Mildew 2S7 Grape, The Concord ; Reply to D 250 Grape, The Teddo 269 Grape Trellis, A Cheap 275 Grapes at Fox Meadow. Garden 287 Grapes, Carpenter's Seedlings.. 222 Grapes, Concord 262 Creveling 202 Delaware 202 lona 811 Israella 811 in Berkshire, Mass 372 Grapes, on the time of ripening of several kinds of 15 Grapes, Preserving 84 Grapes, Report on, at Calmdale 81 Grapes, Report on 52 Grapes, Report on, from lud. 56 Grapes, Rogers's Hybrid 98 Grapes, Second Report on, for ■ 1802 815 Grapes, White, for Market. . . . 828 Grape Statistics 87 Grape Vine, Roots of 185 Note on Mildew on 803 Grape Wine 229 Gray Willow 259 Great Britain Pear 247 Green-house 306, 887 Green-house and Hot-house, design for 245 Grimes' Golden Pippin Apjde. 206 Growing Interest in Horticul- ture 196 H. Haddington Pear 373 Hale's Early Peach 63, 243 Hardy Ornamental Leaved Trees 257 Acer tri-color 258 Apple 258 Cornus macula 258 English Oak 2,58 Fraxinns aucubafolia, 258 Fraxinus Pontue 2.58 Fraxinns salicifolia 258 Horse Chestnut 258 Mountain Ash 258 New Silver Striped Maple, 258 Prunus domestica alba .... 258 Prunus domestica aurea. . . 258 Prunus padus maculata. . . 258 Purple-leaved Beech 258 Salex cajn'ea tricolor 258 Salisburia 258 Symphoricarnus 258 PAGE Turlcey Oak 258 Weeping Thorn S.'jS Magnolia acuminata 258 Hardy Perennial Plants, Cam- panula Carpatica 128 Centaurea Montana 129 CynoglossnmOmphaloides 128 Daphne Cneorum 129 Dodecatheon Media 129 Kpilobium angustissimum 129 Helleborus Niger 120 Hepaticus 129 Ilermerocallis Flava 128 IrisPumila 129 Lathvrus Tuberosus 121) Ononis Natryx 139 Rubrus Arcticus 129 Rudbeckia Purpurea 128 Tradesoantia Virginica 123 Tussilago Alpina." 129 Hartford Co. (Conn.) Horticul- tural Society 223 Ileatins Green Houses 203 Hedge Plants 232 Heliotrope, A New 133 Hemp and Flax 325 Hints on Grape Culture — No. XXII.,. . 9 No. XXHI... 78 No. XXIV.... 105 No. XXV .... 1S7 No. XXVI.... 169 No. XXVII,. 201 No. XXVIIL. 283 No. XXIX.... 205 No. XXX .... 297 No. XXXI... .329 No. XXXII.. 361 Hints on Pear Culture, No. II . 41 No. III. 92 Holly's Country Seats 164 Honiewood Pear 176 Honey Locust '. 259 Horticulture, Amateur Lover of, What he accomplished. . . 280 Horticultural Buildings 314 Conservatism 179 Gossip 75 Society, Illinois State 58 Horticulture on the Hudson River 851 Horticulturist, The 91 Hot Grapery 337 Hyacinths, in Pots 851 in Moss 8.50 in Rooms 850 in Water 850 Hybrid Grapes, Rogers' 93 I. Illinois State Horticultural So- ciety 53 India-rubber Coated Paper — 356 Interior View of the " Bright" Nut 45 Extended 130,151 Borders 85 lona and Israella Grapes 311 Isabella Grapes 108 Is it profitable to Cheat ? 189 J. Japan, Letter of Mr. Hogg from 67 Second Letter from 110 Third Letter from 233 Judas Tree, The 181 K. Kelly's Island, Wine from 193 Kennicott, Death of Dr. John A 257 General Index. PAGE Kentucky Uorticultural Soci- ety... 2-23 Kitchen Garden, The V2 L. Labels for Plants 2S7 Landscape Adornment, No. 28, Tracing Curved Lines 10 Landscape Adornment, No. 29, Ornamental Eoads 20S Landscape Gardening 117 Last Number for 1863 878 Late Dr. John A. Kennicott. . . 2T8 Late Grafting 193 Law Relating to Seeds, Cut- tings, &c 267 Laivton Blackberry in Ohio.. . 100 Leaf-Mould, Muck, and Char- coal in Vine Borders 94 Leon le Clerc Pear 210 de Laval Pear 258 Letter from Japan from Mr. Hogg 67 Letter from Japan, No. II 110 Letter from Japan, No. Ill . . . 238 Library, The, No. Ill . 189 No. IV 214 Light on Eoots. Action of 217 Lilies, Six Hardy 60 Lilium atrosangninium 60 Caudidum 61 Colchicum 61 Eximium 60 Lancifoiium , . 69 Martagon 61 Lima Beans 822 Liquid Grafting Wax Again... 123 Longworth, Nicholas, Death of 101 Manure, Cocoanut JFiber use- ful as 820 Market Gardening 182 Marketing Fruit 176 Massie, Dr., Death of 355 Mathiola annua 127 Meteor Fuchsia 188 Microscope, The Craig 161 Mignonnette (Eesedaodorata). 18 Mildew and Grape Eot 2S7 Mildew on Grape Vines 803 Minnesota, Fruit in 261, 291 Model Order 289 Moles, Pomace for 856 Mushrooms, Cultivation of 114 N. Nansemond Sweet Potato 54 Nectarine, The Downton 376 The Stanwick 302 New and Eare Ferns, Eemarks on 216 Newburgh Bay Horticultural Society 344 New Jersey State Agricultural Society 289 New Easpberry 198 New Eochelle Blackberry in Ohio 100 New Seedling Blackberry 271 Strawberry 263 New Squash from Japan 879 New Strawberry Beds, Planting 264 New York Grape Show 857 Note on Mildew in Grape Vines 363 Notes on Grapes 369 Novel Contest — Old vs. New Grapes 811 Nut from Fox Meadow 21 O. PAGE Old VS. New Grapes — A Novel Contest 311 On Marketing- Fruit 176 Orchard Culture, 69, 88, 96, 145, 156 Orchard Culture and The Gar- dener's Monthly 165 Origin of Hale's liarly Poach . . 197 Ornamental Leaved Bedding Plants " 257 Trees, Hardy 257 Ornamental Roads 208 Overbearing of Fruit Trees. . 295 Paint, a Cheap 163 Park, Charles F., Esq., Eesi- dence of 238 Peach, Hale's Early 63,242 Origin of 197 Peach, Variegated Free 276 Peaches, Cooledge's Favorite. . 263 Crawford's Early 262 Crawford's Late 262 Early York 262 Hale's Early 262 Peach Tree Borer, The 220 Pear Culture, Hints on. No. 2 . . 41 No. 3.. 92 Pear, Chaumontel 348 Flemish Beauty 64 Great Britain 247 Haddington 378 Homewood 176 Leon le Clerc 210 Leon le Clerc de Laval 258 Prince's St. Germain 311 The Cedarmere 279 TheEarle 148 The Penn 58,855 Pears, Bartlett 262 Belle Lucrative 263 Beurre Diel 263 Buffam 262 Dearborn's Seedling 262 Dwarf 61, 147 Flemish Beauty 33, 263 Easter Beurre. ... 262 Lawrence 263 Louise Bonne de Jersey.. 262 Preservation of Winter... 835 On Quince Stocks 292 Seckel 262 Sheldon 262 Urbaniste 262 Winter 161 Pear Trees, Transplanting Old 266 Penn Pear, The 58, 355 Pennsylvania Horticultural So- ciety 288 Perennial Plants, hardy, Ee- marks on 123 Petunias, Buchanan's 100 Phlox Driimmondii 127 Pinching "out" Laterals 821 Plant-Houses, No. 2, The Cold Grapery 213 Plant-Houses, No. 8, Green- house and Hot-house 245 Plant-Houses, No. 4 271 No. 5 806 No. 6 337 No. 7 864 Plant Labels 287 Planting New Strawberry Beds 264 Plant Show at Mr. Bridgeman's 355 Plowing Orchards 264 Action of Light 841 Plums, Coe's Golden Drop 263 Green Gage 263 Hilling's Superb 262 Imperial Gage 263 McLaughhn 262 Plum, Pond's Seedling 185 Plum, Washington 262 PAGE Pond's Seedling Plum, as a Dwarf... 185 Seedling Plum 327 Poughkeepsie Hort'l Club 30 Preserving Grapes 84 Preservation of Winter Pears . 335 President Wilder's Address, conclusion 71 Prince's St. Germain Pear 311 Propagating Houses 271 Propagation of the Delaware Grape 160 Protecting and Ventilating Fence 141 Pruning Grape Vines, Pinch- ing " out " Laterals 321 Pruning the Grape Vine 295 Q. Quality of Native Grapes 368 R, Raspberry, a New 193 BrinckliS's Orange 228 Clark ". 228 Improved Black Cap 228 Purple Cane 228 Eemarkable Trial in the Pomo- logical Court 194 Eeniarks on Hardy Perennial Plants 126 Eemarks on New and Eare Ferns 216 Eemarks on the Gladiolus 14 Eeply to Mr. Deliot — Concord Grape 317 Eeply to Mr. Hussmann — Con- cord Grape 284 Eeport on Grapes 52 Eeport on Grapes at Calmdale 31 Eeport on Grapes from Indiana 56 Eeport on Grapes from Water- loo 348 Eeseda Odorata. (Mignonnette) 18 Eesidence of Charles F. Park. Esq 238 Eesidence of Lindley M. Fer- ris, Esq 43 Eeview of M. Fryer's Article on Circulation of Sap 187 Ehododendron on Limestone Soil 294 Ehododendron, The 104 Eipening of Grapes, Time of. . 15 Rogers' Hybrid Grapes 98 Boot Cutter, a good 133 Root Grafting the Grape 186 Eoots, Action of Light on 217 Roots of Grape Vine 185 Rotary Spader, Comstock's 133 Eural Architecture 109 Eural Architecture — Country Homes 79, 173. 208 Eural Ai-chitecture — Designs in 20 Bust on Verbenas 66, 128 Eussell's Strawberry 244 S. Sap, Circulation of the.... 25, 63 Sap, Circulation of, Eeview of M. Fryer's article 1 87 St. Germain Pear, Prince's. . . . 311 School House at Irvington 331 Second Report on Grapes for 1863 315 Seedling Plum, Pond's 185 Seeds, Cuttings, &c. — Law re- lating to..r 257 Shade Trees— The Elm 283 Six Hardy Lilies 60 Squash, A new 379 Stanwick Nectarine 302 Strawberries, a short talk about 120 VI Oeneral Index. PAGE Strawberries, Downer 262 Hoyey 262 Longworth's Prolific 262 Wilson 202 Strawberry Beds, Planting new 204 Strawberry, New Seedling.... 2C3 Strawberry, Old John Brown. . 263 Strawberry Plants 821 Strawberry, Russell's 244 Strawberry Show 222 Statistics of Grape Culture... 37 Suburban and Country Homes. 26T Suburban Gardens 12 Sweet Potato, Nansemond. ... 34 T. Tagetes patula nana 12T Talk about Strawberries 120 The Cedarmere Pear 2T9 The Concord Grape — Reply to D 250 The Elizabeth Grape 33 PAGK The Florticiiltnrist 91 The Judas Tree ISl The Penn Pear 355 Thermometers 65 The Stanwick Nectarine 802 The Teddo Grape 269 Thorburn, Grant, Death of . . . . 102 Tbrip on the Grape Vine 296 Tobacco Culture 223 Tracing Curved Lines, for roads or walks 10 Transplanting Old Pear Trees. 266 Trees by the Wayside 116 Trellis, a cheap Grape 275 Twin Camellia 112 V. Van Vorst's Azaleas 221 Variegated Free Peach 276 Ventilating and Protecting Fence 141 Verbena Disease. The 81 PAGE Verbenas, Rust on 66, 128 Vine Borders, Leaf-Mould, Muck, and Charcoal in 94 Vineyards in Illinois 8'74 w. Waste of Cocoa Fibre 24T Wayside Thoughts on Archi- tecture 876 Wayside Trees 116 What an Amateur Lover of Horticulture accomplished.. 281 White Grapes for Market 82S Willow 53 Wine from Kelly's Island 192 Winter Pears 161 Preservation of 885 Woman's Gardening 24 Y. Yeddo Grape 269 liBiX f8 €81IiSFeSiiifl A. PAGE. A City Cartmau 176 Adams, D. W 292 A Jersey Market Gardener 182 Amateur 104 An Old Contributor 75 Anxious 38 Artificer 876 A Subscriber 50, 327 B. B. A 63 Bacon, William, 61, 91, 116, 372 Bailey, John W 384 Baltimore 103, 134 Baltimore County 326 Barker, Daniel 14, 128, 216 Barry, P 253 BasoVe, L. K 360 Baumann, E. A 327 Beaverwyck 23 Bement,"C. N 283 Benton, Myron B 254 Berkshire 168 Bertolet, P. G 88, 156, 217 Brehm, F. C 52, 348 Bright, William 21, 94 BrinkerhofiF, R 227 Brooklyn 12, 231 Brown, H. Morgan 120 C. C ...266, 275 Carpenter, Chas 191 Chorlton, William 167 Clement, Mrs. Isaac 128 Coe, J. C 191 Conant, Rufus, Jr 262 Craine, J 232, 258 Cutter, Mr 290 D 219 Deliot, J. F 284 Downing, Chas 58 E. Eaton, E. 0 860 E. H. C 148, 172 Elliott, F. R 176 El Medico 27 Enses 181 Enthusiast 104 F. Fare, William 282, 259 Forest Lawn 314 PAGE Foster, J. H., Junior 37 Fox Meadow. . .45, 85, 130, 1.51 Fryer, M 25, 369 Furnas, A 263 G. Garber, J. B 229, 326 G. H. B 294 Gorsuch, Jesse 294 Green Hand 194 H. H 56, 179, 264 H., Mrs. Alice 24 Hanford, A. G..63, 64, 100, 206 Harney, Geo. E 20 Harris, John S 227 Henderson, Peter 81, 123 Hodge, B 278 Hogg, Thomas 67,110, 233 Hogg, James 67 Horticola 123, 160 Hussman, Geo 250, 317 H. W. F 264, 380 I. Inquirer 69, 382 J. J 117 J 359 Jersey Amateur 291 J. W. B 207 L. Livingston, Clermont 293 Ludlow, John 36 M. Manning, E 294 Miller, G. H 295 Miller, S 31 Hi. Nathurst, J. T 298 Novice 158, 341 O. Observer. P. PAGE Pardee, R. G 368 Parker, S. J 168 Phoenix, F. K 328 Pratiquer 194, 241, 315 Proctor, Wm., Junior 198 Q. Qusero 199 R. Richmond 114 Ridgely, N. H 296 Royce 220 R. R. S 185, 335 S. B. P 269 Schroder, Dr. H 374 Seneca 141 Silliman, Prof. B., Jr.... 303 S. L. B 139, m), 214 Smith, D m, 200 Sweet, Joshua 261 T. Taylor, Edward 70, 198 Taylor, Oliver 145 Taylor, Yardley 187 Thomas, G. B 381 Todd, S . Edwards 244 Townsend, B. C 226, 247 T. T. S 147 V. Vinitor 98 Vitis 136 Vitis Librusca 381 W. W. A... 280, 351 W. C. F 53 West Washington Market, 189 W. H. S 263 Williams, A 332 W. L. G 230 Woodward, Geo. E., 10, 43, 79 109, 148, 173, 203, 208, 238 267, 300, 381, 338 Woodward, W. A 361 Y. Young, H. L 15 Design for a Kural Church, Residence of Lindley M. Ferris, Esq., Poughkeepsie, N. Y., The Delaware Grape, (colored,) Frontispiece to. .January number, do. ..February do. do . . . April do . Butterfly Bee-hive Carriage-house and Stable Cedarnaere Pear Chaumontel Pear Cold Grapery Country Homes, 78, 79, 80, 108, 109, 174, 175, 205, 268, 269, SOO, SOI, 334, 370, 371. Country Residence — first and second floor. . . Delaware Grape Down ton Nectarine Earle Pear Fences Forcing and Propagating House Fruit Cabinet Gates 1 42, 143, 144, Granite Beauty Apple Grape Vine, Rlustrations of Pruning, etc., 74, 187, 138, 139, 170, 171, 202, 233, 234, 265, 298, 362, 363. Grape Vine Trellis Great Britain Pear Green-house 245 Grimes' Golden Pippin PAGE PAGE 207 I Haddington's Pear 373 241 Hale's Early Peacb 243 280 Homewood Pear 177 ;4S Hot-house 245,246 213 Inside Divided, Detached Borders 86,87 204, Judas Tree 180 Leon le Clerc Pear 211 New Blackberry 271 Ornamental Roads 208, 209, 210 Peun Pear 59 Plant-Houses, 213, 245, 246, 272, 274, 307, 309, 338, 340, 365, 366, 367. Pond's Seedling Plum 184 Preserving Grapes ; 84, 85 Prince's St. Germain Pear 311 Residence of Charles F. Park, Esq 238, 239 School-house at Irvington 332 Stan wick Nectarine 303 Stone Country Church — ground plan 20 Tracing Curved Lines 11 Twin Camellia 113 Variegated Free Peach 277 Ventilatins and Protecting Fence. 141 44 120 376 149 375 845 145 83 107, 330. 276 247 246 206 THE HOE.TICULTUEIST VOL. XVIII. .JANUARY, 1863,, NO. CXCIX, lints 011 6rap €«ltttr^ — XXI I. Thk operation that next requires our atten- tion is the pruning of the vine at the close of the third season. At the end of the portion of the arms already formed we have two long canes for the continuation of the arms ; then we have on each side three shorter upright canes that were pinched in during August ; next, in the middle, two canes that were allowed to grow without stopping. This is the present condition of the vine, and we pur- pose pruning it. Let us first provide for the completion of the arms. The end canes have grown very stout, and there is no difficulty in the way now of making the arms of their full length. Having bent down the canes to ascertain the length, cut the ends ofi" accord- ingly. The ends of the arms, however, must not reach quite to the trunk of the next vine, since the end shoots would then interfere with each other. A space of from six to twelve inches must be left between the ends of the arms ; in other words, the end of each arm must be kept from three to six inches from the trunk of the next vine. The space will vary according to circumstances, such as the interval between buds, etc. The last bud, in short-jointed vines, must be on the upper side of the arm. If the piece of wood at the end of that portion of the arm first formed was not trimmed off in June, as directed, it January, 1863. should be now, though it can not be as well and neatly done as then. The stump should be cut off close to the new wood. Next let us take the three upright canes on each side. There are several modes in which these may be pruned ; but we propose to car- ry out one system at a time. Cut these up- right canes, therefore, one inch above the third bud, counting the base bud as one. The cut must slope on the side opposite the bud. Next cut the two middle canes to a single bud each, and the pruning is complete. The vines may now be laid down and covered, where winter protection is deemed necessary or ad- visable. We have already stated that the nat- ural soil is the best covering the vine can have ; and i couple of inches will be quite sufficient. Cedar brush and leuves from the woods also make a good covering ; very much better, indeed, than straw, which mice love to harbor in. It will be necessary to peg the vines down, to retain them in their recumbent position. The bearing canes above have been pruned to a long spur of three buds. The reason for this is, brief!}'', that either the second, third, or fourth bud will produce larger and better fruit than the first. The second bud will produce much better fruit than the first ; but as the result of almost numberless experi 1 10 The Horticulturist, ments, we prefer the third. Besides, a long spur leaves us a reserve in case of accident. If one, or even two buds should in any man- ner be destroyed during the winter, we have something to fall back on. This is a matter of no little importance where the vine is ex- posed to as many vicissitudes as it is in the vineyard. At all events, cutting to a single bud is a practice that we abandoned years ago, and we never expect to resume it ; if for no other reason, because in time it weakens the vine almost incurably. Nothing sooner tends to wear out a vine than persistent close pruning. Some may object that the spur Trill increase too rapidly ; but this objection is without point ; for it vidll hereafter be seen that the spur increases no faster than when we cut to a single bud. We may here add a few words on the pro- priety of fall plowing the vineyard. In a stiff soil, it may be done with benefit, provided the plowing is shallow, so as not to effect any unnecessary disturbance of the roots ; the less they are disturbed, the better for the young vine. We have never seen any good result from cutting up the roots of plants in a young vinej'ard ; we have, however, seen many evils follow the practice. The effects produced by root pruning old and established vines will be considered elsewhere. For the present we desire the reader to disturb the roots of his vines just as little as he can, or he may defeat our purpose as well as his own, the establish- ment of a thrifty and productive young vine- yard. If the soil is light and sandy, fall plow- ing should be omitted. Such a soil, however, may with advantage be covered with leaves. All soils, indeed, except such as arc already rich in vegetable matter, may receive such a covering with marked benefit. LANDSCAPE ADORNMENT, No. XXVIII.— TRACING CURVED LINES. BY GEOKGE E. WOODWARD, Civil nnd Landscape Engineer, 3T Parl^ How, New Torlt, The practical field operations necessary in tracing curved lines for roads, walks, or other purposes, require a knowledge of the princi- ples of curvature, that one may mould the easy flowing line to suit any formation of surface, and do it in a rapid and skillful man- ner, that carries with it its own proof of ac- curacy and beauty. The old practice of lay- ing out curved lines by the eye is being gen- erally discarded in first-class work, as a sub- terfuge of the pretentious practitioner, who is blissfully ignorant of both the principles and the practice of Landscape Art, and wlio apologizes for his system by this well-worn excuse, "that which is to please the eye must be laid out by the eye," forgetting the fact, that one of highly cultivated tastes naturally rejects such work as is not governed by rules of art, and will not accept the work of an in- ferior mind. Aside from the meaningless results of this eye work or guess work, there are other rea- sons why it should be discarded. It requires a vast deal of labor and time, and one or tv^o revisions with a fresh eye before it gives ap- parent satisfaction ; the undulations of sur- face deceive the eye ; and it can not be used among obstructions, as a thick undergrowth of shrubbery, close fences, &c., with any de- gree of accuracy. Among our best profes- sional landscape artists, the system of laying out curves by deflection distances meets with the most success and favor, and is equally satisfactory to the one who executes and the one who is to appreciate. This method is rapid, reliable, and strictly beautiful in its re- sults 5 it demonstrates the fact that the eye can not be trusted, as what is known to be accurate appears in some cases not to be so, owing to undulations, shadows, &c.,thus show- ing that some principle is necessary to trace a true line on irregular ground, that shall be the same true line on a finished grade. There is also atlbrded the opportunit}'^ of running continuous lines through all ordinary obstruc- tions, and any fair mathematician can easily Landscape Adornment. 11 supply the auxiliarj- lines necessary to locate a line of motion through or over obstructions of an extraordinarj' character. It is not necessary, in a series of papers like these, to give an analytical mathematical demonstra- tion of the problems, but merely a general ex- planation of the principles involved. a, 5, c, being a tangent or straight line, from ihe point J) we proceed to lay out a curved line ; 5 feet from h, at ^, lay otf the distance G inches, and set the stake at 1, 5 feet from &, and G inches from d. Then from & through 1 produce the straight line to e ; 5 feet from station 1 lay off the deflection distance 12 inches, and set the stake 2 5 feet from 1, and 12 inches from e. Then repeat the same op- eration, setting stakes 3 and 4, all of which will be found to be in the arc of a circle. If the wish is to pass into a tangent or straight line, the next distance will be but G inches, or the first and last distances in running from and on to a tangent are always half the others, and are usually called tangential dis- tances. To sharpen the curve, lay off in the same direction from the tangent already found on the first curve, any tangential dis- tance greater than 6 inches, which in this case we make 9 inches, and set stake No. 5. Then produce the straight line from stake 4 through stake 5 to/, and lay off the deflection distance 18 inches to stake G. Set stake 7 in the same manner ; then run on to a tangent by setting off \ the deflection distance at sta- tion 8, and producing 'a straight line fi'om stake No. 7. At station 7 we reverse the curve. From, the tangent of the curve just run, lay off, on the opposite side, the tangential distance 6 inches, and set station 8 ; then pro- duce the line from '7 through 8 to j/, and lay off the deflection distance 12 inches from g, and set station 9 ; then produce the line from 8 through 9 to 7;, and lay off 12 inches to station 10 ; then produce the line from 9 through 10 to i, and lay off the tangential distance G inches, and set stake 11. The line from 10 through 11, and con- tinued, is the tangent from which, at any point on either side, curves can be laid out. All the stations are equi- distant. Each curve begins and ends on a tangent. Yfhere a curve com- pounds or reverses, the tangent is com- mon to both. A tangent or straight line may be introduced between curves running in an opposite or simi- lar direction, but curves running one way should join each other. It is bad taste to put a tangent between them, if there is any way to avoid it. A tangent between reverse curves improves their appearance. This principle of tracing curves is very simple and rapid, and requires no revision to ascertain if they flow gracefully- and correct- ly. There is no necessity for clearing the ground, removing fences or other obstruc- tions, as the line can be continued whenever two stakes can be seen. Mathematically speaking, there is a very slight difference to be detected in demonstrating this problem. In practice, however, this trivial difference can hardly be said to cause any departure from absolute accuracy. We merely mention this lest some hypercritical theorist might think he had discovered something. 12 Tlie HorticuUurisi. An expert-, familiar with this process, has a wonderful facility in executing work, while those who worli by the eye only will remain in the background. He does at once what thej^ spend hours or days to attain, as the same harmony and grace of line is the object of both. A measuring tape and rule, and a plumb line, or a couple of light thin rods, are all the instruments necessary to do the work. It requires considerable practice to select the proper curve at first, but one or two trials will give the righ^ deflection distances. Trial lines of this kind, we find, enable us to ascer- tain in the easiest and quickest manner the proper radius of a curve, without the neces- sity of making an instrumental survey. As a matter of economy and beauty, this system recommends itself strongly ; and in a very extensive professional practice we have found its merits above all others. [The manner of laying off cuiwed lines by deflection distances is so well illustrated by the engraving, that the reader can hardly fail to comprehend it. It is a sure and rapid method of laying out drives and walks, and leaves no doubt on the mind as to the result. AVe have before now used a marked pole, but a cord or tape line accomplishes the work with more ease and rapidity. There are some circumstances, under which this method of laying off a curved line will be found to possess peculiar advantages ; jSIr. Woodward rates it none too highly. Like most other things, it requires practice. — Ed.] THE KITCHEi^ GARDEN. BY BROOKLYN. Mr. Editou, — What size do you think the above should be "for a private famil}^?" I know properly made and kept ones are rarer .than good graperies, but thought I had some jdea of what it ought to be, and the extent ^necessary. Judging by the catalogue of one of our best seedsmen, I must be very much .■mistaken. Taking amount of seed in one of their small No, 1 assortments, according to Bridge- man, I find it will plant three and a half acres; adding for walks and allowing for double cropping, it would certainly be ample 'for a highly cultivated garden of two acres, .Pumpkins 4ind Potatoes excluded, and no al- lowance for permanent beds, Asparagus, &c. This small arrangement embraces six thou- .sand Cabbage, one thousand Cauliflower, five hundred Egg, seven hundred Leek, twenty- :five hundred Celery, eight thousand Lettuce, and two thousand Tomato plants, one hun- dred and fifty hills Cucumber, one hundred and twenty Melon, one hundred Squash, a quarter of an acre Corn, and various amounts •of from one to twenty-six rods of other things. A large (Shaker ?) family, according to No, '1 assortment, is expected to require one thousand feet row of bush and two hundred hills pole Kidney Beans, tv.'o hundred hills Limas, twenty-six thousand Cabbage, &c., ten thousand Celery, three thousand Egg, five thousand Endive, three thousand Leek, twenty-live thousand Lettuce, two thousand Pepper, and eight thousand Tomato plants, four hundred hills each Cucumber, Melon and Squash. Two thousand feet row of Peas, and one and a half rods of Parsley. This assortment will plant twelve acres, re- quiring say a nice square .Kitchen Garden of Eight Acres. (Farm of four acres, hide your diminished head !) Would you not like to see such a one, ]\[r. Editor ? We can not, of course, expect seedsmen to advocate thin sowing, but there is "reason in roasting of eggs." Think a "revised and abridged" edition of seed list is needed ; i^ paper were substitu- ted for ounces, ounces for quarter-pounds, and half-pints for quarts, it would be nearer the requirements of " private families," and the capacity of their gardens. The Kitchen Garden. 13 In connection I beg to offer some remarks upon STJBITRBAN GAEDE:S'S, and what to raise in them. Many, in fact the majority of these, are not cropped in a manner that produces the amount of pleasure and profit they are capa- ble of doing. It is ridiculous to fill up a small, valuable garden with coarse stuff, Beets, Carrots, &c., which can be got about as good from your butcher or grocer. Un- less of unusual size, the aim should be, to raise o;i% what it is impossible to buy in per- fection. First, Berries and soft Fruits. Second, Salads. Third, Summer Vegetables. The following is the order in which I think articles stand in desirability ; each one can go as far down the list as his ground will carry him, begging him, however, to allow enough for an ample supply of fruit, before he goes into the vegetable business at all : Blackberry, Strawberr)'', Raspberry, Cur- rant, Gooseberry, Grape, Dwarf Cherry, Peach, Apricot, Nectarine, and Plum, if will- ing to pay them extra attention ; if not, do not plant ; Melon, Tomato, Cucumber, Let- tuce, ifcc., Pea, Bean, Sweet Corn, Sea Kale, Okra, Asparagus, Rhubarb, Egg Plant, Cel- ery, Spinach, Cauliflower, Summer Cabbage, Summer Squash. If any ground is left, after providing for the above, should recommend early Dwarf Pears. One word upon the use of these good tilings. Ripe fruit is of course always ac- ceptable and wholesome, but the time of all others to eat it is in the morning, before or at breakfast. How is it that so few in our country use it thus ? Salads, also, are very acceptable at the morning meal, and but little used. If this food took the place of greasy pan dishes and chemical cakes, we should hear less about dyspepsia, &c. [A " private family " is an institution of very uncertain dimensions. Some private families consist of three or four individuals ; others of twenty or more, including servants. We have not one of Mr. Bridgeman's Cata- logues at hand ; but we presume he gives the number of seed in each paper of given dimen- sions. If all the seed were planted, and each one grew, of course there would be a surplus of plants ; but all the seed will not grow, be- cause, even when grown and gathered with the utmost care, there will be many imperfect ones. Then, too, one gardener will make a package of seed go twice as far as another. The price of this No. 1 package is $5 ; and if it will plant three and a half acres, no fault can be found with the price. Many seeds require to be planted thick, and afterwards thinned out; of such as are transplanted, some die. For these and other contingencies the seedsman allows a pretty good margin ; for he reasons that the planter should have too many rather than too few seeds. Then, again, it is a custom among seedsmen not to sell less than a five cent paper of seed. To put up papers half the size of these would treble the cost to the consumer. Such kinds as are left over will usually be good the next season. These and simiLir arguments can be legitimately used by the seedsman ; but, not- withstanding, there can be no doubt that, used economically, a No. 1 package of seed can be made to meet the wants of a pretty large family. Of some kinds, the quantity may be in ex- cess ; but of others the quantity is by no means too large. There are few families that will not need a pint of Lima Beans, a pint of Corn, as many Snap Beans, &c. In looking over the list, we find we should lessen the quantity of some seeds, and increase that of others ; but we have not the time, at this moment, to go into details. The figures of "Brookljm," however, are interesting, and will probably bring out somebody else. Suburban gardens, happily, are on the in- crease. We agree with "Brooklyn," that such gardens should not be filled up with coarse stuff, unless there is plenty of room for it. A fruit garden is more desirable than a vegetable garden ; but the two can and should be combined. We think " Brooklyn's " fruit has got just a little mixed. We should not put Blackberries and Raspberries before 14 The Horticidturisi. Grapes; neither should we put Cherries, &c., before Pears ; but if they are all got in, we do not care much about the order of their going. Ripe fruit is undoubtedly best eaten in the morning. We eat it in the morning, but then we eat it pretty much all the time. not stopping till we get fairly in bed, till the supply runs out. There is an old adage, probably not much known, and seldom heed- ed, to the effect, that apples are gold in the morning, silver at noon, and lead at night. Dysjieptics should "learn it by heart." — Ed.] REMARKS ON THE GLADIOLUS. BY DAJflEL BARKEE, Among the rapid strides which floriculture has made within the last few years, there is nothing more apparent than the increase of the refined taste for the delightful art of Hybridization, and the improvement of the many kinds of flowers which so richly de- serve the designation of "popular," either from the ease with which they may be culti- vated, or their submissiveness under the fer- tilizing and fostering hand of man. Various are the genera in this our day which are brought to bear with these re- marks ; and infinite as are the varieties of some, and exquisitely beautiful as are many of them, there is no genus which is more eminently beautiful and richly deserving the patronage of all lovers of a garden, than the "Gladiolus." No plant is better adapted, under good treatment, to feast the eyes and delight the senses of Flora's votaries. We need not refer to the splendid specimens which have been exhibited at the various public exhibitions during the present year, or those to be met with in many public and private collections. The universality and extent to which they are grown throughout the country affords abundant evidence that they arc held in high estimation by all classes. A knowledge of their natural and tract- able habits leads us to assert that very much may yet be done by skillful hands in producing varieties which will not only vie with those admirable kinds named below but which may be infinitely superior to any yet imported from Europe or raised in this country. It may be truly said, that the Gladiolus is well worthy of all the patronage it is receiving. It is likewise true, that of shaded. IIARTFOKO, CONX. the [many numerous varieties annually im- ported and offered for sale in this country, some of them possess great merit ; others hut little. We have watched with peculiar interest, during the present season, a large bed of new varieties ; and while many of them are truly beautiful, we must at the same time admit that many of them are not worthy of being grown in the same bed with those grown some six years since. In matters of this kind, it is always best for those who intend to become purchasers, to inspect for themselves during the blooming season the collections to which access may be had, in order to make choice of such kinds only as are really improvements upon the kinds already in cultivation by them. The accompanying list is compiled for the purpose of rendering some assistance to such amateurs as may think fit to avail themselves of it. There are doubtless many varieties equally desirable with those named ; but these seemed to us to possess the greatest share of good qualities, either in profusion of bloom, form, or color of flower, compactness of growth, &c. : Azlaie, salmon rose, shaded. Anatole Levenneur, violet, spotted with red. Achille, bright red, striped with white. Berthe Rabourdin, white, spotted with carmine. Brenchleyensis, vermilion scarlet. Canary, light yellow, striped with rose. Ceres, pure white and purple. Comte de Morny, cherry red. Due de Malakoffj orange red, beautifully Mipening of Grapes. 15 Diane, carnation, shaded with rose. El Dorado, pure yellow, tkie. Florian, cerese and white. Hebe, carnation, striped v>'ith carmine. Le Poussin, light red, beautifully shaded. Leonard de Vinci, violet, striped with rose. Mac Mahon, cherry orange, a very bright and beautiful variety. Madame Leseble, pure white, blotched with rose. Madame Vilmorin, rose, white center, -striped with carmine, (extra.) Madame de Vatry, sulphur, shaded with carmine. Mazeppa, orange rose, striped and spotted. Maria du Mortiere, white, striped with rose. Neptune, fine red, spotted with carmine. Napoleon III., bright scarlet, striped. Ninon de L'Enelos, carnation, beautifully marked with rose. Ophir, fine yellow, spotted with purple. Olympe Lescuyer, orange and rose. Princess Mathilde, light rose and carmine. Purity, purest white, the lower petals marked with rosy violet, (extra.) Pluton, deep scarlet, spotted with white. '■ Penelope, white, shaded with yellow and carmine. Reine Victorie, very large pure white. Raphael, deep vermilion. Solfaterre, pure yellow, (fine.) Veleda, rose and lilac. [Of summer bulbs, there is none that more nearly fulfils the requirements for popular taste than the Gladiolus. It is in all respects a desirable plant, being easily grown in any ordinary garden soil. It blooms freely, pos- sesses a great diversity of color, and is decid- edly beautiful, especially some of those of re- cent introduction. If any of our readers should be so unfortunate as not to possess any of the new hybrid varieties, they should not let another season pass without adding some of them to their collection. — Ed.] ON THE TIME OF RIPENING OF SEVERAL KINDS OF GRAPES. BY H. L. YOUNG, PODGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. I GIVE you, Messrs. Editors, the following notes of my experience with regard to the above subject. In the consideration of this question in agricultural journals, M'here state- ments of this sort are made public, it is im- portant that we should undcrsland the nature of the soil and the exposure of the vines, as well as the simple date of the maturity of the fruit. This fact is often forgotten. A vine producing sour and immature grapes on a low, wet situation might be made to produce early and sweet fruit under other and more favorable circumstances. It is true that the treatment and the kind of manure employed are also important items ; but the soil and the exposure are the principal considerations, af- ter the choice of the variety. My soil is a light loam, not sandy or grav- elly, but rather argillaceous than otherwise, and is underlaid by rock at depths varying from one foot to four or five feet, as the case may be. Some of the rock is a species of slate, in laminae or leaves, easily picked and broken, and some of the holes for my vines were thus picked out of slaty rock ; and this broken, disintegrated mass, mixed up with fine soil and rotted manure, constituted the bed for the young vine. Other vines were set in a deep soil ; and others, again, with only twelve or eighteen inches of soil on the top of a hard blue rock. The exposure is a hillside, sloping for about 200 feet somewhat steeply to the south and east. It is thus protected by its natural position, and also by a dwelling house with its surrounding trees, from cold north winds. Under such circum- stances, with severe fall, and light summer pruning, and with the vines laid down and covered through the winter, I have found the different varieties cultivated to ripen accord- ing to the dates specified below. I would premise, however, that by the word ripen, I 16 Tlie Horticulturist, do not mean simply colored and barely eat- able, (many, for instance, judging the Isabella ripe when it has merely assumed a dark color, and while it yet has the foxy red lurking in the bunch, denoting to the experienced eye its immaturity,) but I mean actually ripe, and so that from a vine of sufficient age, a number of mature bunches could be picked. The following is the table : 1858. N. Muscadine ) Grr.pe ripe . j Concord — Eebecca — Diana Isabella Sep. 20 Catawba Anna — • Montgomery . — Bl'k HamVgli ) _ (out of doors) f Delaware. ... — 1S60. 1861. 1S62. 1359. Sep. 6 Sep. 6 Sep. 14 Sep. 12 Sep. 10 Sep. 15 Sep. 16 Sep. 21 — Oct. 1 Sep. 27 Oct. 6 Sep. 26 Oct. 1 Sep. 2T Oct. 6 Sep. 26 Sep. 23 Oct. 2 Oct. 13 — — Oct. 10 Oct. IS — — Oct. 15 Oct. 20 — — — ab't Oct. 6 — — unripe vinripe ~ Sep. 23 Sep. 16 Oct. C This list does not indicate the quality of the grape, or the desirableness of any partic- ular variety for cultivation. I will, however, append an abstract from my Journal with re- gard to the product and condition of the vines under date of October 6th, this year, (18G2.) It will be remembered that the season just past has been generally very unfavorable to the grape. During the summer we had (at least in this region) very wet weather ; show- ers were frequent and very copious, and the nights often cold and damp ; there was very little of that dry, hot weather, which favors the maturity of the grape. The extract is as follows : 18G2, Oct. 6th. The Northern Muscadine, sweet and fine, but the berries apt to drop somewhat from the bunch when it is plucked. The Concords are in perfection, and very fine ; a few berries here and there mildewed, hut not so as to cause any appreciable loss. The foliage is perfect. Kebeccas, ripe and good ; growth of vine feeble ; foliage a little mildewed. (A mode- rate bearer.) Delawares coloring, but those that are ap- parently ripe are not sweet and .sugary, as last year; foliage very much impaired on portions of the vines. Dianas are ripe, but with many green grapes on the bunch ; some bunches and parts of bunches lost from mildew. Montgomery (a green grape resembling the Chasselas, and bearing showy bunches of huge proportions,) ripe, but the berries not uniformly matured; occasionally sour ones are tasted ; the juice of the best ones watery and not high flavored ; foliage injured. Isabellas, not yet mature ; only occasional- ly a sweet, well-flavored berry to be found. Two young vines are the most forward ; the foliage on these fair ; on most of the other Isabella vines the leaves have mildewed, and on the tops of the trellises the branches are bare. Catawba, an almost entire failure. I have a few grapes on some young vines, hardly fully ripe, however. Anna, still hard and unripe. I would remark, that the Concord varied very much in this vicinity. My own crop, and also that of the Messrs. Carpenter, who have a vineyard in the southern part of this town, and who marketed over a thousand pounds of this variety, were both good, frecv from mildew, with many bunches of unusual size and beauty, and of a delicious flavor. With several others, one a large grower, Mi. WooUey, on the opposite side of the Hudson from us, the crop was a failure, from the rot or mildew of the berries, which took place during the month of July. I might observe here, that Mr. Woolley's soil is a deep, coarse gravel, very favorable for drainage. Looking at the situation and appearance of the vines, in several places wdiere the mildew or rot prevailed most extensively, and comparing the condition of things there with what I ob- served elsewhere where the crop had not blighted, I should judge that one, if not the chief and only cause of the disease, was the crowding of the vines, placing them and the trellises too close together, thus preventing the circulation of the air, and the entrance of the sunshine to dry the soil, saturated with moisture from the frequent rains. In a very dry season this close arrangement of the vines might not result in ill, but in a wet season the case is different ; the rain thcr. causes a vigorous and redundant growth, Bipening of Grapes. 17 which of itself is apt to make too dense a shade. The Concord, the foliage of which does not drop from mildew, seems above all other grapes to demand a free circulation of air and an open growth of the branches. "While the grape needs a sheltered situation, that is, one shielded from cold winds, it is not to be implied that it requires a confined one ; on the contrary, it must have an airy as well as a sunny site. The fruit itself does not need the direct rays of the sun ; in fact, it is better when shaded by leaves ; but that does not mean that it should be secluded from the air by a dense overhanging foliage ; this undoubtedly creates mildew. You will observe, by my tabular state- ment, the lateness of the ripening of the Isa- bella. Of my crop of over 400 pounds, hard- ly a hundred attained a good degree of matu- rity. As to the crop in this town and neigh- borhood, it was a decided failure ; and many thousand pounds not ripe enough for market, (and to my notion this implies a pretty green condition of the fruit,) were manufactured into a wine which may be supposed to be palatable. This variety, promising abun- dantly early in the season, was delayed in its ripening by the cold, damp summer ; and to- wards the close of it, mildew affected the leaves to such an extent that nearly all of them dropped off, leaving the fruit, in many cases, naked on the branches ; those who had trimmed during the summer most scientifi- cally, according to the books, allowing only two or three leaves to grow on a bearing branch beyond the last or outside bunch, were worse off" than som.e of their neighbors less theoretically skillful. AYhere the vines had thus been cut short, the few remaining leaves, having mildewed and fallen off, there were none left to keep up the proper elabora- tion of the sap, and no fruit ripened ; where, from negligence or a different system of sum- mer management, there had been left a great- er abundance of leaves, especially of newer ones on the extremity of the bearing shoots, there some little fruit matured. I believe in pinching in the bearing shoots four or five or more leaves from the last bunch, and continu- ing to do so at intervals ; and the laterals al- so should be pinched in to one or two leaves ; but I doubt the propriety, one year with an- other, of the severe cutting in of bearing branches after the manner of the vines train- ed under glass. At the fall or winter prun- ing is the time to shape the vine so as to al- low room for the growth of wood the next summer, so that it will not make too dense a shade. The Delaware suffered much this season from mildewed foliage, and on some vines nearly all of the leaves fell off. Of course the fruit thus left bare was inferior. Last year our Delaware grapes were much injured, as to the appearance of the bunches, by the bursting of the berries ; as a consequence, the wasps and flies were at once on hand to avail themselves of this opportunity of gath- ering sweets, and the general appearance of the vine was far from'flattering. This varie- ty, however on the whole desirable, is thus by no means free from defects ; nor, indeed, do I know of a single variety of grape which has not its peculiar liabilities to failure and loss ; and where there is ground enough, (I speak of this latitude,) several varieties should be cultivated, and dependence for grapes Bhould not be placed upon one single kind. I have now had out-door gi-apes on my table almost daily for over two months ; and as those packed for late use are keeping well, I have the prospect of eating them for nearly a month longer. One variety alone, the Con- cord, I have enjoyed for two months. This kind, however, on account of its thin skin, will not bear packing for the winter as well as the Isabella. The Rebecca is a sweet, pleasant, delicate flavored sort, reminding one of a hot-house grape. The Diana is a sweet, juic}^ fruit; it has some of the bad characteristics of the Catawba, in that it rots or mildews readily, and is sometimes late in maturing. The bunch is so compact that the berries in ripening are pressed tightly, and often burst ; this disfigures it. The Catawba, in its highest condition, rarely attained here, I consider unexcelled in sprightliness of flavor. Its cultivation with us, is almost abandoned, on account of the frequent rotting of the berries ; a good crop 181 The Horticulturist. can not be looked for oftener than once in three or four years. This vine particularly needs a dry and warm position ; and, in fact, a dry, well- drained subsoil as an ahsolute prerequisite to the raising of fine, well-flavored grapes ; no manuring or after culture in train- ing will atone for this fundamental error at the outset. Put your grapes in the highest, warmest, and driest location you have. Al- though the soil may be stony, and even unfit for ordinary garden beds, you have but to loosen and manure it, and, if possible, deepen it at the spot where you set your vines, and for three or four feet around it, and the roots will soon find their support. It is true, your vine may not attain the great luxuriance found in soils naturally deeper and more moist, but you are more sure of early, well- ripened fruit ; and if you mulch your vine thus planted, it will be the better for it, and obviate, in some degree, the disadvantage of its dry position. [In giving the results of individual ex- perience in growing grapes, the soil, expos- ure, and general treatment are matters of importance. It is not to be denied, that of two persons growing grapes side by side, Avith the same soil and exposure, the one will succeed and the other fail. The differ- ence in results is owing to the difference in general treatment. Tlie reader, however, on comparing the various reports on grapes published in the Hokticultukist, will not fail to observe a pretty general concurrence of opinion on some points. We purpose collating them by and by. — Ed.] MIGNONNETTE, (RESEDA ODORATA.) BY THE EDITOR. One of our little girl friends writes, " Do please, Mr. Mead, tell me all about Mignon- nette in your next number." Well, Lizzie, we will tell you as much about ilignonnette as we think you can understand. We hope a good many other little girls (and big ones too) will see it and be interested in it. Mignonnette belongs to the genus Reseda^ which is so named from the medical virtues which it is supposed to possess of allaying in- flammation, the primary meaning of the word being, " to appease." In this genus the per- fect flower is apetalous, (without petals or carollas,) surrounded by several fringed petal- like, barren flowers, the involucre spreading and many leaved, and the stamens numerous. In the species R. odorata, the leaves are en- tire, three lobed, the calyx equaling the corol- la. If you do not quite understand all this, Lizzie, you must get some good work on Botany, and study it out. You will find it deeply interesting. This genus contains several species, but the R. odorata, or Mig- nonnette, said to be a native of Barbary, is the only one which possesses much interest, except to the botanist. Mignonnette is a universal favorite, espe- cially among the ladies, and is very exten- sively grown by the florist on account of its fragrance. This fragrance is exceedingly grateful, but very peculiar, and can be liken- ed to nothing but itself You can compare the odor of most flowers to something with which you are familiar, but this sets all attempts of the kind at defiance ; and thus it may be said to possess a fragrance peculiarly its own. The fragrance of the flower of the grape vine bears the nearest resemblance to it. The florist uses Mignonnette extensively in bouquets to add to their sweetness, and most ladies would consider a bouquet imper- fect without it. Though highly esteemed by the ladies, they are not the only ones who have spoken its praises. The poet and novel- ist have made very free use of its name ; and if with the one it has served to give grace to a smooth running line, so with the other it has lent its fragrance to many a well-rounded MignonneUe. 19 period. The flower is by no means remark- able for its beauty, and its popularity must be ascribed alone to its grateful fragrance. Thus we see, Lizzie, that though this plant is very humble and unpretending in its dress, the bountiful Giver of all good things has endow- ed it with a sweetness which makes it loved by all. This teaches a lesson in life which we hope you and others will not fail to heed and apply. Mignonnette is an annual, but it may be made perennial by growing it in a green-house or in a room, and adopting a proper system of pruning and potting. " It may be propa- gated by cuttings, which root readil}'." Those are the words we made use of fifteen years ago in an article published in the Miscellany; yet the fact, taken from a late number of the English Gardener''s Chronicle, has been going the rounds of the papers as something novel and interesting. Interesting it certain- ly is, but it was not new to us, even fifteen years ago. In our love of experimenting, we had struck cuttings from most annuals before we were fairly in our teens ; and that, Lizzie, to the best of our recollection, is more than twenty years ago. "VYe have several times stated in the Horticulturist that annuals may be increased by cuttings ; but facts, you see, are not worth much to some people until they have made the fashionable passage of the Atlantic. "We will tell you more about the cut- tings some other time, Lizzie. At present we will tell you how to grow Mignonnette from seed, which may be bought of the seedsman at any season of the year. Take a common flower pot or a shallow box, and fill it with light, sandy loam. Make drills about an eighth of an inch deep, and an inch apart, in which sow the seed evenly, but pretty thick, and cover it; then with a board, or the bottom of a flower pot, press the earth pretty firmly against the seed. When this is done, the earth must be watered gently, so as not to wash the seed out. Set the box in the sun. and be careful not to let it dry up ; at the same time, it must not be soddened with water. The rule is, to water as often as the soil becomes dry on the top- When the plants are about an inch high, they must be separated, and put into pots. A good soil may be composed of sod mould, garden loam, and charcoal dust or sand, about equal parts of each. As w^e shall have to write you another ar- ticle on this subject, we will simply say at present that you can make use of either three or five inch pots, or, better, of both. In the three inch pot put only one plant ; in the five inch pot put three plants at equal distances apart in every direction. The plants must be taken up and separated without bruising the roots. The pots must have a good watering, and be placed in the shade for a fevv^ days ; after which they should have as much sun and light as possible. A good place for them is on the front of the table, near the glass. The soil should be stirred occasionally with a blunt stick, and the outside of the pots kept clean. The plants in the three inch pots are to be i-epotted as soon as the pots become filled wdth roots. They may be put in five inch pots. The plants thus treated will flower sooner and more profusely than those put in the five inch pots. The flowers may be cut freely ; the effect will be to make the plant more stocky. The plants in the five inch pots are not to be repotted. The seed of Mignonnette may be sown at any time. It is well to make several sowings during the course of the year, to furnish a supply of young plants. It is easily grown in rooms when kept near the light, and may be had in bloom during the whole winter. As we have got to write more for you on this subject, Lizzie, we will stop for the present ; but you must bear in mind that when we come up to see you we shall ex- pect one of your sweetest kisses and a sprig of Mignonnette. 20 The Tlorticulturist. DESIGNS IN RURAL ARCHITECTURE, No. XII.-- CHURCH. [See Frontwpiece.'] -A STONE COUNTRY BY GEO. E. IIAl; We present this month what seems to us very appropriate for the commencement of the New Year, a design for a Rm'al Church. It is a simple structure in the Gothic style, designed to be constructed of rough stone talveii from the quarry, and laid in the walls in its natural bed, with a darker stone ,-f'^-.-: J"L ;ney, ltnn", mass. of about the same quality for the angles, copings, and window trimmings. Tlie thrust of the walls is counteracted by heavy buttresses, (wliich, however, to- gether with the porch and finials, are shown in the engraving rather too heavy.) The tower is surmounted by a stone spire, and J ^LM./ =1 1 the roofs are covered with slates in two colors, green and purple, laid in the chevron or zigzag pattern. The entrance porch should be built in a substantial manner of pine, and painted some dark tint, to harmonize with the rest of the building. This, with the windows in the spire, and the eaves, are the only por- tions not constructed of stone. Within, it consists of Vestibule, Nave, Chancel, Choir, and Vestry. The floor of the Vestibule may be paved with brick in two colors, and the timbers of the floor above are planed and chamfered, and left to show from below, being stained and varnished, or simply oiled. The main room contains sittings for about three hundred people ; the benches to be A Nut for Fox Meadow. 21 constructed of black walnut or oak. At the farther end, on a raised platform, are the altar and reading desk, with the chancel in the rear, separated by a high pointed arch ; and at the back is a four light Gothic win- dow, which might be made a memorial window. • The choir at the right is in an addition, separated by an oak or black walnut, or wrought iron screen, set in an arch. The vestry forms the right wing of the structure, . and is entered directly from the vestibule. It may be fitted up with seats and a desk corresponding in style with the rest of the churcli. The roofs of this and the nave are open roofs, with the timbers planed, and stained, or oiled, and left to show from below. The truss is formed of the principal rafters connected by a collar beam, and a pointed arch in timber springing from stone corbels at the walls and terminating in the center of the collar beam. The ceiling is to be tinted a light blue, and the walls a warm fawn color, and the windows are to be stained glass in Mosaic patterns, set in a lead quarry. The inside finish may be either oak or black walnut, and in either case the benches, furniture, wainscoting, and roof should all correspond. The cost would be from 8,000 to 10,000 dollars. [Mr. Harney's idea of beginning the New Year with so good a subject as a Church, is a very happy one. We think it good enough for a Frontis'piccc, and so give it the place of honor. Rural church architecture has re- ceived but very little attention. Perhaps we should be nearer the truth in saying, that, as a general thing, any kind of a build- ing is thought to be good enough for a village church. How really few good structures of the kind are to be found in the country. We are not among the advocates for extrav- agance in village churches ; in truth, there would seem to be precious few advocates of that kind, to judge from the almost innu- merable ugly looking facts that stare us in the face in nearly every village ; we believe, however, that a very much higher order of taste might be indulged at a very inconsid- erable increase of expense. We are all of us eager to build costly, if not tasteful, dwellings for our own convenience and com- fort ; and this is all proper enough when it can be atforded ; but how few of us are will- ing to build a decent tabernacle for tlie Lord to dwell in. A very difterent condition of things is found in our large and wealthy cities, where costly edifices are numerous enough, not because of the deeper piety found there, but because, to a considerable extent, costly churches are fashionable. There are many villages with wealtli enough to build a substantial and well-designed church, where we find only a wretched barn-like structure, weather-worn, with a mere skim of paint on it, and the surround- ings in fit keeping. When the yjeople go to worship in such a structure, we wonder that their consciences do not smite them at the doorway. We think that neatness and tidi- ness ought to find an abiding place where true piety dwells. There are, it is true, places Avhere the people are too poor to build any but a very humble structure ; but it may at least be neat, however humble. We can not doubt that He who is no re- specter of persons will fill such an humble place with His presence more fully than a palatial churcli built as a resort for l\ashion. We have, during the past season, noted somewhat critically the condition of our rural church architecture, and purpose, at a future time, making it the subject of a series of articles. — Ed.] A NUT FOR FOX MEADOW. BY WILLIAM BEIGUT, PHILADELPHIA. I AM a friend and admirer of " Fox Mea- skill as a grape-grower ; but I think there dow," and have the highest respect for his is a defect in his composition for grape bor- 22 The Horticulturist. ders, lately presented to us in the Horticul- turist, which renders his method of making- borders open to serious objection, and I am desirous of seeing what our Oracle can say for himself on this point. Fox Meadow makes his grape borders of loam, sand, and leaf mould. Bones, lime- rubbish, charcoal, and manure are highly es- teemed by others, but of these substances he makes little account. It is, however. chiefly to the large quantity of leaf mould that I make objection. In the first place, an excess of organic matter (such as muck and leaf mould) ren- ders the soil sour and unfavorable to the growth of many of the higher orders of plants, and v/ith tlie presence of water, con- verts a piece of ground, otherwise good, in- to a marsh or morass. Mr. Klippart, of Ohio, in his work on the Wheat Plant, p. 355, makes the following striking observations on this subject : " The enrichment of the soil in organic matter appears to be a cause of disease and death to many plants. Clover, and many of the turnip tribe, will no longer grow on such a soil, and several species of grass quickly disappear from it." It is a grave question to what extent we may with safety add ricli organic uiatter to grape borders. But leaf mould, as commonly gathered from the woods, and used by gardeners, has power to inflict otlier and more serious evils upon plants, especially when ijlaced, iu large quantity, near their roots. It is beyond all question a prolific and certain cause ol fun- gous spawn, which is surely fatal to plant life. The editor of the London Gardener^ s Chronicle, in a leading article on the sub- ject, Oct. 4, 1862, declares that more tlian half the spotting, slianking, leaf-fading, yel- lowing, &c., of grape vines, are attributable to fungous growth at the roots ; and he cites some remarkable instances of the death of vines and trees from this cause, in proof of his position. I quote a few passages from the article in question. " Let the cultivator be very careful never to dig any thing into the grape border which is sufficiently woody to produce fungous spawn. Let him avoid leaf mould, which has not entered into a thorough state of de- composition, so that the component parts can not be recognized; and, above all, let him abhor tlie bottoms of old faggot ricks, which are a very frequent cause of mischief in the conservatory." " The limgous evil is of far wider extent tlian cultivators often imagine. In our gar- dens it not only proves destructive to trees and shrubs, but to Strawberry plants where the old stock lias been dug in. In this case we are convinced it is a frequent cause of blight, and other maladies which consist in a depressed state of vitality, which does not allov/ the plant to arrive at perfection." William Thomson, (gardener to the Duke ofBuccleuch, Dalkeith Park, Scotland,) who has recently written very intelligently upon the subject of grape culture, cautions his readers against the free use of wood-earth, or leaf mould, in the grape border, and on this point he says : " In every morsel of decaying wood there are spores of fungi, that are certain one day to destroy the vigor of the vines, and in many cases to kill them altogether." Again, in another place, he repeats this warning: "Leaf mould, when reduced to a black earth, may Avith advantage be added to any compost for vines, but never in a half decay- ed state, when it is certain to contain small pieces of decaying sap-wood impregnated with the spores of fungi, that frequently en- ter into the roots of vines, where they develop themselves, and destroy the plants suddenly during the season of rest." The above suggestions would appear to be sufficient to induce us to reject leaf mould as an important component part of a perma- nent grape border. Fox Meadow may reply that he meant • leaf mould thoroughly decomposed. But how long a period of time would it require to decompose it, so that the microscope would fail to reveal the seeds of fungous growth, or, in fact, to destroy the spores of Grapes Under Glass. 23 fungi altogether ? What process of decom- position should Ave adopt, and when would it be complete ? It is possible that our wise and cunning "Fox" may make some adequate defense of his much-lauded leaf mould ; but, to my mind, the case looks as if it must be decided against him. If "Fox ■' owns up that there is danger in leaf mould, when placed in grape borders, it will not be the first time that an eminent grape grower has fallen into an error in border making. He has certainly simplified the art very much, and has exhibited the highest degree of success in his practice ; perhaps he will feel disposed to simplify still further, and discard the leaf mould. I may now, perhaps, without undue pre- sumption, take issue with my friend of the Reynard Meadow, on this subject, and claim that, after he has let us into the " secret " of his success, he has not given us a rule for border making better than that which I published in April, 18G1. In the second edition of my work on Grape Culture, p, 89, will be found the following passage : '' For nearly two years past we have formed all our large grape borders, es- pecially those partially outside the house, of half good loam^ from an old but fertile past- ure, and nearly half road sand., or fine, soft, rotten rode., with the addition of a little pul- verized lime rubbish from old walls and ceilings, and a little fine bone dust." Again, page 88; "We question whether any sort of carbonaceous matter, such as rotted straw, or leaf mould., should be intro- duced into composts for the grape border in any considerable quantity." "As to carbonaceous matter, we find that Dr. Lindlej'' is of opinion that it exercises an influence very similar to that of rotted dung; or, in other words, that rotted dung, straw, and leaf mould., even when well de- composed, and converted into humus, cause the destruction of delicate fibrous roots., es- pecially in the presence of moisture." Fox Meadow must assuredly take another " Interior View" of the dynamic powers of nature, before he will discover the elements of immaculate truth, Avhich Ave apprehend are " hid in the center." [Our own vieAvs in regard to the use of muck, as Avell as the avoidance of decaying Avood, haA'e been so often expressed, that we are disposed for tlie present to leave the subject in the hands of Fox Meadow and Mr. Bright. They Avill no doubt give the muck a good stirring up, to the great benefit of the m.uck, as avcU as our readers. We shall be greatly pleased to have tlie subject thoroughly turned over. — Ed.] — frp ■^■»-^" ■■«^— GRAPES UNDER GLASS. BY BEAVERWTOK. I FEEL, after reading the last article of tlie series on Exotic Graperies, by " Fox Mead- ow," in the HoExicrLTURisT, (which, by- the-way, is admirable,) as if it was my duty to report the experience of the past two years Avith a cold house, and thus, if possi- ble, aid in bringing before the public more prominently his system of constructing vine borders, Avhich, I am convinced, time will show to be correct; and also to tell you how delighted I am with my house, which is built after your plans and specifications. It is 20 by 50 feet, double pitch, curvilin- ear roof, fifteen feet high, and contains seventy vines. After visiting, the past sea- son, a number of costly houses about me, (in Albany County,) in Western New York, Philadelphia, and Long Island, I am con- vinced that, for all practical purposes, my house is not excelled. It is plain and cheap, but at the same time beautiful, substantial, and convenient. Now for the border, about which I more particularly Avish to speak, because it seems to assimilate closely (though accidental) to the theory of "Fox Meadow." It is located 24 The Horticulturist. on a sandy slope, so that, in making, a trans- fer of ground from the upper to the lower side was required to produce a level, thus compelling me to fill in with new soil, which was done to the depth of three feet, with about such materials as compose " our compost." I took what was most conven- ient about the place, and what common sense taught me was good soil for any thing. 1 am isolated from old horse, dead hogs, but- chers' offal, &c. ; so it did not go in. After putting aside the top soil, a light, sandy loam, filled in with a sort of sandy muck from the upper edge of our bottom lands rotten shale rock from the foot of our hills, some old decayed chip manure, well mixed with sand, lots of old sods from lawn, a very little stable manure, lime, ashes, and bone-dust, mixing in as we went along the top soil before removed. Sand, it will be perceived, is prominent ; in fact, three quar- ters of the border is of that material. I made no drainage, leaving that to the natu- ral formation of the bottom, a sharp, clean sand. Now as to results : the vines were planted in the spring of 1861 ; made a very moderate growth, but ripened their wood well ; cut down in the fall to from 2 to 3 feet. The past spring (1862) they broke well and set fruit finely ; were allow- ed to bear freely, about 150 lbs., -svhich ripened perfectly, and were delicious. The old Black Hamburii-h was black as ink. The vines made a splendid growth of from 15 to 25 feet. When I say splendid, I don't mean wood like a big walking stick, with joints a foot long, covered with stains of mildew, which worm through the house like great snakes, producing for a year or two large bunches of half-ripened fruit, the vines look- ing as if tied together with a green cotton string, scraggily, no particular form of bunch, and then failing entirely ; but short- jointed, hard wood, of a rich golden color, ripened perfectly, without spot or blemish, to the very tip of its growth ; in fact, the very fruit stems ripened before cutting the fruit. The roots, I find, do not ramble, but are confined just about the base of the vine, the border being now, this fall, porous and lively, thus showing they get all they want at home. I am pleased with my house, border, and vines, and hope, Messrs. Edi- tors, to show you next year that we can raise grapes without a mass of putrefaction at the base of our vines ; and also will tell you some time how my house is made to pay 20 per cent, yearly on cost of construc- tion, for purposes other than grapes. [There, Fox Meadow, you have something on the other side. Between Beaverwyck and Mr. Bright we hope you will see your way clear. Thank you for your compli- mentary allusions. By all means tell us how you make the 20 per cent. — Ed.] -*i — «-•-♦—*«- WOMAN'S GxVRDENING. BY MRS. ALICE J\. Why may not a Lady write for the Hou- TicuLTUiJiST ? Ladies write for other maga- zines, and recei^'e applause either for the matter or manner, or because they are la- dies. I claim no applause for either. Men think that the ladies like compliments, and so they do when deserved, but fulsome flat- tery is an insult to the sensible woman. I like to be commended for my housewifery, cleverness, and especially for my horticultu- ral efforts, but shall be content if you will allow me to sound my own praise. Perhaps, too, I may succeed in imparting to others of my sex a tithe of the pleasure it affords me to cultivate flowers, and fruit, and vegeta- bles, inducing them to spend more time in the open air, and while inhaling nature's richest pei'fumes, breathe her health invig- orating atmosphere. My garden is not large, (about 100 feet square,) but it yields abundantly with mod- erate care and labor. In the spring I hire Woman''s Gardening. 25 a laborer for three or four daj's to dig and manure it ; the planting and after care I do myself, with a boy twelve years of age, who also helps me churn the butter from two cows, and does the chores. We raise all the vegetables we need for a family of six persons, and the consumption is never stinted. We have all the approved varieties of fruit, and some to spare, and we have flowers in profusion during the whole sea- son. I need not name the vegetables ; you can imagine that we omit no good ones ; "and as for the flowers, we grow every thing that is pretty and attainable with a small ncome, and by exchanges with complaisant and admiring neighbors ; but I can not for- bear to name the fruits, among which are ten varieties of Dwarf Pears, six varieties of Dwarf Apples, seven Grape vines. Straw- berries, Raspberries, Blackberries, Goose- berries, Currants, &c. I ought to say something of the beauty of my garden. AVe keep it clean ; weeds are tabooed ; it is a great offense for one to go to seed. We can not boast of its paths, "streaking the ground with sinuous trace;" they are, unfortunately, all straight. We claim no originality for laying it out, but Ave are proud of its productions : they are perfect gems of beauty. Now, Mr. Editor, don't figure in your own mind a dried up lady, who cares no longer for her complexion. I am still young, enough to have color in my cheeks, and this is how I keep it there. Nor do I neg- lect my domestic duties. I keep one ser- vant, who does the cooking, &c., and I find time to sweep, dust, mend, darn, work the butter, read the current literature, and en- tertain a few friends, besides going to town once a week to do the shopping for the family. To the oft-repeated question, IIow do you manage to do all this ? I answer, Ijy system. One thing at a time, and doing that well. I must not forget to say that I have found time to get you three new subscribers, and inclose the names and the money, which I presume will interest you quite as much as the description of my garden. [Certainly ladies may write for the Hor- TicuLTiTRiST. Ladies do write for it, though they do not always appear as such. We agree with all you say in regard to "fulsome flattery ;" it is doubly weak ; weak in the man who uses it, and Aveak in the woman who shows herself susceptible to its in- fluence. We never bestow praise except when it is deserved, and then we do it heartily. It is a weakness of some w^omen, however, (and men too,) to mistake mere playfulness for fulsome praise. You, of course, do not belong to that class. We can not, however, after reading the account of your garden operations, allow you the exclusive privilege of sounding your own praise. There, you see, you are trenching a little on our domain. We must help you a little. Some have done well, but you have excelled. We hope your example may in- fluence scores of your sisters to go and do likewise. It Avould not only benefit them in- dividually, but the human family at large, and we should hear less talk about the de- generacy of the present race. Would that Ave might do something, however little, to teach woman a practical love of fruits and flowers. No, we do not imagine you to be a " dried-up lady ;" we know better. No wo- man Avho passes a reasonable portion Of time in the garden ever can dry up. — Ed.] CIRCULATION OF THE SAP. BY M. FKTEE, BKANDYAYINE VILLAGE, DEL. I find that the flowing position on this knotty subject. Mr. Editor : of the sap is likely to become a Avordy waf, inasmuch as doctors can not agree in sup- January, 1863. I remem- ber, in 1846-47, two of the ablest men in the British Isles discussed the matter up 2 26 The Horticulturist. wards of twelve months, namely, John C. Humphrys of Dublin, and Professor Lindley of London ; yet their argument failed to satisfy the public mind ; consequently, they left the subject shrouded in mystery, and an open question for future generations. I admit this to be the age of science ; man can arrest the lightning and make it do his bid- ding ; yet I fear that our no\v-a-day philos- ophers can no more fathom the mystery of Nature, than the great St. Augustine oould fathom the Divinity. However, it is refreshing and amusing to your readers to con over the various ideas of individuals who may imagine they will have the glory of solving this problem. I am not an aspirant for fame ; yet, with your permission, I will ofter a few remarks on the circulation of the sap. If it does no good, it can do no real harm ; and in so doing, I will endeavor to be guided by rea- son, in the hope of giving a proof of the flowing of the sap in plants, as well as in fruit and forest trees. First, the word circulation, with regard to its signification, is taken from the Latin verb eirculo^ whicli signifies to go cibout^ or search about. When we speak of the circu- lation of the blood in animal bodies, we mean the going about of the blood through all the parts of those bodies from its foun- tain, and returning thither again; and in these bodies, whenever that motion of the blood stops, death ensues. Just so with the .leaves of trees, especially in the leaf of the JFig, we may discover the curious distribution fof the sap vessels for the nourishment of every part of the leaf; and that the fine net- work which we observe in the leaf, is com- posed of vessels through which the sap cir- culates or ,pa,sses, is very evident, if we cut any one, or all of them, the milky juice im- mediately showing itself, and flowing from the vessels that have been cut. A plant which shows us the flowing of the sap in the leaves, and other parts, somewhat plainer than the Fig, though the vessels lie more concealed in the leaf^ is the Garden SpiLrge., which, if cut and wounded in several parts, at some distance fi-om one another, and thereby prevent the communication of the sap "with some of the intermediate parts, these incisions in the intermediate parts, in a minute or two after cutting the principal vessels which led to them, no milk would be seen to flow from them. Another instance : cut a branch, say one or two inches in diam- eter, from a Crab Apple tree. Koast the bark a little on the stove or flre-place for the purpose of its coming clean ofl" the woody part; you then could perceive the arteries and veins in red streaks on the wood as clear- ly as you could see the veins and arteries in a man's arm by tying a ligature thereon ; from vv'hich it would appear that the roots are the depositary of the sap in a congealed state of torpor during the winter months, liquified at the return of spring for the pur- pose of again performing its natural func- tions. It may be well to remark, that it is the earth which affords sustenance to the roots and spongelets of trees as they yearly ex- pand. O.vygen, or any other atmospheric influence, will not be sufficient to keep a tree, shriil)^ or p?an.i5 alive, independent of the earth. As a further proof If the 2^ustules of the small-pox he inoculated into a liealthy person, it will soon show itself in several parts of the person so inoculated. And again: insert a bud of a variegated Jesa-'. mine into a plain Jesamine twelve feet above ground ; the poison Avill reach the branches next the roots in course of time, as well as those at as great a distance above it. Inar- ching would have the same effect, which clearly demonstrates the sa])'s circulation from the roots to tlie further extrennty of the tree, and from thence back to the roots. Light, air, and lieat are nuiterial auxiliaries. [The above, Ave presume, is a response to Mr. Taylor's article on the downward flow of the sap. The subject is one of much profundity, and has occupied the best minds of the age, not, however, Avith the most satisfactory results. On a subject like this, there is no use in expressing an [opinion, without at the same time affording the De Uvis, et Quibusdara Aliis. 27 proof to support it. The rise and fall of the sap is susceptihlc of easy demonstration ; the modus operandi is not so clear. We sliall Le glad to have our readers discuss this very interesting point. Our opinion will be seen by and by in our " Hints.''' — Ed.] DE UVIS, ET QUIBUSDxVM ALUS. BY EL MEDICO. I HAD just finished the pleasant operation of trimming and training a strong one-year o"ld Delaware, using for my model friend Mead's drawing in the November Ko. of the HoETicuLTUEisT, whcn, on entering the, house, I was pleased to find the December iSTo. lying on the table. It was well the Editor's thoughtful kindness had supplied an extra number for Master Frank ; for he is so fond of pictures, especially those that appeal to the taste, he would soon literally "use up "mine, unless unpleasant parental authority were interposed to save it for the binder. Frank is full of wonder and delight that a gentleman who lives far away from our town, in the great city of New York, should condescend to put his name in print, write him a letter, and so thrust fame upon Iiim. In years to come, the story will fur- nish a pleasant memory to father and son, should a kind Providence graciously prolong their lives and happiness. The little fellow is not only charmed with the picture of Mr. Knapp's noble quince, but he is afllicted — like his brother Tommy and his little sisters Gertrude and Eugenia — (how their hearts will flutter to see their names in print!) — with a " powerful weakness " for the sub- stance thereof. In September, grandmamma sent mamma a bushel basket of splendid quinces ; and the latter, who is cunning in the manipulation of fruits, made ever so much jelly and preserves. Alas ! it is all now among the things that were. Mamma did not know how to say No to the sorrow- ful petition for "just a little more;" and papa tried, in vain, " to teach the young idea how to shoot" to the conclusion that a little mutton ought to accompany the jelly. But if these youngsters have a failing for any one thing more than another, it is for the Delaware grape. Their complaint is a stomach that digests this rare fruit as fast as eaten. I tried to diet them on all they could eat, but the malady remained uncured, and has manifestly assumed a chronic type. I have just finished planting some 50 or 60 strong Delaware layers, (besides some other kinds,) hoping to have in future a4arge crop of remedies wherewithal to combat the complaint, by filling the " aching void." Now, something about grape-grafting, without too much minuteness, which might prove tedious. But, in the first place, I beg leave to report that ray successful Delaware grafts of 1861 bore this year, (1862,) a crop, not very large it is true, but quite satisfac- tory. Some 12 vines, in one row, matured above one bushel of very large and luscious fruit, besides giving me about 50 unusually fine layers. These vines are now in their prime, and will yield, ill-luck aside, a maxi- mum crop next season. Here is proof posi- tive of the value of the art of grape-grafting ; a saving of two or three years of time, no little expense in border-making, besides the cost of the vine, which is not a trifle to most people, when the best are ordered. Let no one Avho can graft consider his old vines of inferior kinds as of no worth ; for a little pains, a short period of time, and a cost trivial, if any, will convert them into the best. My grafting last spring was done in the last days of February and the first days of March. I will give some " cases " from my note-book : 1. An old Isabella, grafted with Anna, succeeded well, making a growth of some 15 feet. 2. A similar stock with Concord, with like success. 28 The Horiiculturist. 3, 4. Do. witli Delaware : both grew re- markably well, making each 30 to 40 feet growth. 5. A young wild stock with Lenoir, a success. 6, 7, 8. "Wild stocks, with a new Arkansas grape, similar to the Isabella, but believed superior ; all succeeded, making an average growth of 25 to 30 feet. Of others, some succeeded ; but, as usual with me, about one-third failed. I will now mention what, to me, was a very singular circumstance connected with these experiments. Nearly all of the grafts pnt forth leaves simultaneously with the other vines of my garden ; but nearly all remained stationary, with only three or four small lea-^es, a period of from 4 to 41 months! Then, all of a sudden, those that did not die outright, sprang into the most vigorous and luxuriant growth ! This fact seems to me, at least, so strange and in- credible, that I hesitate somewhat to men- tion it. Several friends, however, witnessed it ; and apparently with as much surprise as I did. Some of the grafts I had totally des- paired of, and ceased to visit them, when, on casually returning, I found they had grown several feet. This curious fact set me to thinking, and the result of my reflec- tions was, that I determined to do my next spring's grafting this fall ; and I have, therefore, already gone through with sucli part of the work as my leisure has permitted. The remainder I intend to do, in open wea- ther, during the winter; and with what ■ success I hope, in proper time, to actjuaint the Hoimcur.TUEisT. " Now, was ever such folly heard of ? " some of your readers may say. I justify it in this wise : As the grape seems to require a long period of time to form a callus, and lies thus in a partially dormant state, it is better that it should, if it will, spend the .winter months in undergoing that process, 80 that when spring returns it may be pre- pared to begin its growth at once, and have the whole summer wherein to grow and ,mature its wood. We know that many .kinds of grapes will throw out callus when stored in cellars, or covered up with earth, in winter : will they not do so with equal, or greater certainty, when, as grafts, they are inserted into a healthy stock, and covered with earth to keep them from freezing, or being thrown out by the effects of frosts ? The faith that is in me says the experiment is, at least, worth a trial. In this connection I will mention a fact, which, if known, should be more extensively known, as it may be of no little value to all those who make an ordinary hot-bed, in the spring, to forward plants of any kind. A grape graft, inserted without any especial care, into a piece of thrifty root, and placed within the hot-bed, is almost sure to live, to grow promptly and vigorously, and to be- come a very strong plant by fall. When the weather gets warm and the sash is re- moved, they may be left in the bed, and need no further aid than a few sticks, or brush, to grow upon. Some Delawares, so treated by me, during the past season, bore and matured a few fine fruit. This is worthy of remembrance by handy farmers and others whose purses the times may threaten to ct>llap3e. The notion is not patented, and thought not to be taxed. I have some 40 varieties of grapes, most of them, of course, on probation, like other youngsters sometimes are, whom it is not safe to trust till tried ; and I will now tell you how some of them have behaved, and what I think of them for it. It may be proper to state first, that with us, in Southern Ohio, for some unknown, cause, mildew and rot have seldom, if ever, been seen more widespread and destructive than during the past season. 1. Catawha. Leaves mildewed to some extent, and three-fourths of the fruit rotted badly. Nevertheless an old and tried friend must not be slighted for one bad act. 2. Isalella. Not a particle of mildew or rot : the crop abundant, and the fruit un- usually good with me. Not so generally, for this grape overbore and failed to ripen well. Like the Catawba, it is, as yet, an in- dispensable grape. 3. Delaware. Two vinfes, out of 80 or De Uvis^ et Quihusdam, Aim. 29 40, showed a little mildew on some of their leaves. The fruit, I think, was unusually large : certainly beautiful, perfect, and deli- cious. Take it, all and all, it seems to have no superior. I nominate Delaware for Pres- ident of American grapes. 4. Jleriemont. Equally as little mildew as the above on its leaves: bunches very large, and fully as good for the table as the Delaware. But 'for its being somewhat tender, it might well contest the palm with any other American grape both for the table and for wine. I have drunk its wine, at Schneike's, in Longworth's Garden of Eden ; and, for the life of me, I could only decide between them, and cast my ballot, in the act of' tasting. 5. Diana. The second crop from the vine: neither mildew nor rot, berries very ditFerent in size, some nearly as large as Catawba, some quite small — some ripe and some green on the same bunch . A leaden bullet for its pulp, and the hide of a rhino- ceros for its skin : between the two a sweet and pleasant juice. I say this only of the fruit -of my vine. Some neighbors had fruit who praised it, and objected neither to pulp nor skin. It is worthy of much indul- gence and a fair trial. 6. Anna. No mildew, some rot : first crop, fruit very poor, a sad disappointment. I do not, however, quite despair of reforma- tion as it grows older, and reaches years of discretion. If it continues to disappoint me 1 will behead it, and stick on something better. 7. Concord. 12 vines gave a first crop : neither mildew nor rot. It is a better grape for quantity than for quality : will suit a hungry man, whose taste is not refined enough to be easily offended. Doubtless a good market grape for the million. 8. Coleman'' s White. A good deal of mildew upon the leaves ; yet, the fruit was perfect. x\ppears to be a shy bearer. To my taste the best American white grape I have yet -seen. 9. Segar Box, or Ohio. Both leaves and fruit mildewed badly. Such fruit as ripened was very good for foxes, crows, and other varmint. A man might be excused for eat- ing it if he could present an affidavit to a Horticultural Society, that he was starving when he committed the crime. As it can't do worse, it may do better, so I will even spare it another year, to repent and reform. 10. Mead''s Seedling. A very strong layer planted in the spring, bore two bunches. The only difference, perceptible to me, be- tween it and the Catawba, is the smaller size of the fruit. More time is needed, how- ever, to judge it correctly. 11. Union Village. No mildew nor rot. Worthy of praise for its size : quality medi- ocre, decidedly inferior to the Isabella. 12. Roger's Eylrid No. 17. Some mil- dew on the leaves : fruit large, black, and perfect. Vine very vigorous ; bore for the first time. Fruit ripens a little earlier than the Union Village, is nearly aslarge, and, I think, superior to it. The mildew that afl'ected my vines dis- appeared when fiour of sulphur was sprink- led upon the leaves. I can not say whether or not it is a veritable and reliable remedy. My single experiment with sulphur serves only to suggest the words, "Post hoc, sed non propter hoc." The opinions on grapes, above expressed, are applicable only to those fruits as grown in my soil, climate, and- locality, and tested only by my individual taste. I speak only for myself, and make no pretense to superior acumen. Some kinds that I have praised, I may find reasons hereafter to con- demn ; and some that I have condemned I may have to think better of with the light of the future. That I, and others, should condemn some grapes reputedly good, is sufiiciently explained by differences result- ing from soil, climate, locality, etc., to say nothing of differences of taste. On my own premises is presented a strik- ing example of this. An Isabella that stands in a large excavation, several feet deep, and from which the better surface soil has been removed, at the edge of a pavement on one side, and a blue-glass peat on the other, without manure, tillage, or any other atten- tion ^han trimming, bears unfailingly, year so The Horticulturist. by year, large crops, and the very best of its kind. Some twenty -five paces off, in the garden, was a row of the same kind, in good surface soil, (a sandy loam,) well tilled, and otherwise properly cared for : these latter, so far as I know, never produced any fruit of even medium quality. The former vine stands a few feet southward of the house; the others were exposed. It may be that this single matter of exposure counter- balances all its other disadvantages, and ac- counts for its far superior fruit. And so it is with the Strawberry. Mr. Hovey, at Boston, declares the Trioraphe de Gand to be no better than a turnip. Mr. Prince, at New York, describes it in such debilitated terms of praise, that no one would care to buy and plant it ; while Mr. Knox, at Pitts- burgh, declares it to be a bowshot ahead of any Strawberry known among men. Hence I would argue that every man should ex- periment with fruits to tlie extent of his opportunities ; and, when he has found one that suits his soil, his climate, his palate and digestion, let him stick faithfully by it, all attacks of all its foes to the contrary not- withstanding. I have unconsciously pro- longed this article to such an extent that the " Quibusdam aliis" must await another occasion. [The thought that we have favorably im- pressed a young mind like Frank's, (for good, we trust,) is a source of the deepest gratifica- tion. To impress a young mind thus is a great and solemn privilege. We shall always love you, Frank, and hope that you, and pa, and ma, and Tommy, and Gertrude, and Eugenia may long be spared to be a joy and comfort to each other. — It is a singular fact, that children love the Delaware above aU. other grapes. — You are evidently meeting with increased success in grape grafting. That is as it should be. — It was rather sin- gular that your grafts should have remained so long stationary. We have known them to remain so at times, particularly in a dry sea- son, but not quite so long as in your case. We think you can account for it by atmos- pheric influences by going back a little. Your idea of grafting the vine in the fall is novel and interesting. We are inclined to believe that you will meet with some success if the graft is well covered and protected during the winter. We predict that those put in the earliest vi^ill meet with the most success. Please mark the earliest ones, and let us know how it turns out. — Thank you for the notes on grapes. — Let the " Quibusdam aliis" come "ad infinitum." — En.l POUGHKEEPSIE HORTICULTURxiL CLUB. BT THE EDITOR. TriE fall exhibition of the Poughkeepsie Club was held on the 24:th and 25th of Sep- tember. The members of the Club deserve much credit for the spirit that animated them in getting up this public exhibition. To the exhibiters, also, Messrs. Marshall, AYilliams, Vincent, Dubois, Giffbrd, Young, Merritt, and their associates, much credit is due, for they did their part well. To the public of Poughkeepsie little or nothing is due, for they manifested an indifference in strong contrast with the interest shown by the good people of Newburgh in tlicir Society. It is a re- proach to the people of Poughkeepsie that they do not countenance and support by their presence a Society which might be made in- strumental in giving a very high tone to the taste and character of the place, to say no- thing of the good that might be done by a more general diffusion of a knowledge of horticulture. We hope Poughkeepsie will not lag behind her sister cities in this respect. In regard to the exhibition itself, the dis- play of fruit was large and good, especiallj- the pears, the specimens of which were nu- merous, and many of them very fine. Pear culture evidentl)^ receives much attention. Vegetables were verj^ fairly represented, many of the specimens being well grown. There were also some good green-house plants, but our associate is of opinion that there was a great deficiency of flowers for Poughkeepsie Horticultural Club. 31 such a place as Poughkeepsie, and in this he is quite right. We hope deficiencies of this kind will not occur in the future. The fruit, however, was of itself sufficient to redeem some shortcomings. We hope the Club will persevere in the good work it has begun. REPORT ON" GRxiPES AT OALMDALE, NEAR LEBANOJT, PENF. Soil of a slaty gravel, with limestone foundation on the level, but most of the vineyard is on a hill-side, rising at an angle of about 30°, facing south, where there is slaty gravel with clay subsoil. J^ames. Mildew on foliage. Mildmc on fruit. lioi. Bemarka and Mildew on young Yines. Alvey, none. none. no. Slightly. Anna, slightly. no. no. Concord, do^ some. more than ever before. Considerable. Delaware, do no. no. Worse than any other. Diana, some. no. no. do. do. Oarrigues, badly. no. badly. ■^ Hartford Prolific, very little. no. no. Hangs well with me. Isabeiia, badly. no. very little. But did not ripen. Mary Ann, no. no. no. Very early. Ontario, no. no. QO. A splendid grape. Perkins, na. no. no. Too foxy for me. Pauline, no. no. no. Too late for this latitude. Rogers' Hybrids, very little. none. no. No. 1 and No. 15 are superb grapes. • Taylor, no. very little. do Dai-e not be pruned close. Hnion Village, slightly. no. do A grape of great beauty. Mead's Seedhng, do' slightly. fruited. On young vine. Creveling, no.' no. no. Considerable mildew. Cuyahoga, badly. bore no fruit Clinton, no. no. no. Decidedly the cleanest foliage. Louisa, no. no. no. Superior to Isabella. Le N'oir, badly. ruined Avith badly. No use here. Herbemont, do" do do Kingsessing, some. no. slightly. Cassady, very little. no. no. Excellent grape here. ■' Clara, badly. some. badly. Foreign and tender. N. Muscadine, no. no. no. Logan, some. no. no. North America, no. no. no. One of the very early and very hardy. Blood's Black, no. no. no. Very early and of tolerably good quality. Bespee tfully submitted. 'S. MILLER. [Still another model report, for which we thank Mr. Miller. We shall make an impor- tant use of these reports by and by. In the mean time, we would suggest to the reader to peruse and compare them carefully. There is matter of much value in them. The Mead's Seedling named above is not ours. We hope, however, it will do credit to the name. Model reports are still in order. We want all we can get. — Ed.] 32 The Horticulturist. ED I TOE'S TABLE. To Contributors and Others. — Communications, Letters, Catalogues, Periodi- cals, Remittances, Packages by Express, Advertisements, &c., should be directed to Mead & "Woodward, Editors and Proprietors, 37 Park Row, New York. Ex- changes should be addressed to " The Horticulturist." ' To OUR Readers. — Two years ago it was proposed, as a matter of good taste, to change the form of our page into double columns. This we now do, not only as a matter of taste, hut for other reasons. In view of .the extraordinary rise in the value of printing paper, materials, labor, &c., we have deem- ed it expedient to make such changes as shall partially relieve us from the heavy additional cost of publication ; and after due consideration, we have thought it best not to increase the price of the magazine, but to use smaller type, and put the same amount of reading matter on a less amount of paper. This, we doubt not, will meet the approval of all of our subscribers, since we are thus enabled to give them as much matter as heretofore for the same money. In regard to the new arrangement of the page, while it is in good taste, it is a great relief to the eye in reading. The new type selected is very neat, round and full faced, and not so small as to fatigue the eye. We think it will he found to make very pleasant reading. These changes will reduce the postage on the Horticulturist to 12 cents per annum, or three cents per quarter, being an actual gain to the subscriber. We intend that the volume for 1863 shall be better than any that has preceded it, and that all subscribers shall get much more than the value of their subscription. Our colored engravings of the Delaware grape and one of the new Strawberries or Pears, to be furnished to all subscribers, together with an original architectural design in each number, will form attractive features not to he found in any other publication, and ought to secure for us a greatly enlarged subscrip- tion list. Morton's Gold PeNs.-r-We have lately been using one of Morton's Gold Pens, and 'with much satisfaction. No pen that we have ever used glides over the paper so much " like a thing of life." Delivering the ink with great evenness and freedom, the lah