^&

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS

OR A

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION,

(ACCORDING TO THE LINNEAN SYSTEM)

AND AN

ACCOUNT OF THE VIRTUES, &c.

OF ITS

INDIGENOUS PLANTS HITHERTO KNOWN,

AS ALSO OF THE MOST USEFUL EXOTICS.

COMPILED FROM THE BEST AUTHORITIES, AND ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED,

IN TWO VOLUMES, , ^

Bj JOHN LUNAtf' /*'

YOi~ IL ,-'

• Y

JAMAICA :

PRINTED AT THE OFFICE OF THE ST. JAGO DE LA VEGA GAZETTE.

1814.

t t „„i - "v.

ORK

- ANICAL

IIOKTUS JAMAICENSIS.

ft

<c&

No English Name. NAMA

Cl. 5, OR. 1. — Pentandria digynia. Nat. or. — Succulents.

Gent- char. — Cal\x a one-leafed perianth, five-parted, permanent; segments
lanceolate, acute, straight, somewhat spreading ; corolla one-petaled, wheel-
salver-shaped, tube short, border five-parted, segments ovate, obtuse, the length
of the calyx ; the stamens are five filiform filaments, ovateat the'base, inserted into
the middle of the tube of die corolla, alternate with and shorter than the segments;
anthers oblong, bifid at the base, revolute, incumbent ; the pistil Ikis an ovate in-
ferior germ . styles -tw\i, capillar)-, erect, the length of the stamens ; stigmas ca-
pitate ; the pericarp is an ovate-oblong capsule, blunt, compressed, grooved on
each side, two-celled, two-valved, shortei than the calyx ; seeds numerous, very-
small, fastened to a Hat receptacle in the middle of the partition. There is only
one species.

JAMAICENSIS. JAMAICA.

Jlcc'hiata ri/losa, feliis ovatis, petin'is marglnatis recurrcntihus, Jlori-
bus sol ita nis. Browne, p. 1S5, t. 18, f. 2.
R >it simple, thready; stem herbaceous, from two inches to half a foot in length,
Sub-divided, procumbent, pubescent, tender, three-winged from the decurrent pe-
tioles; branclilets from the axils of the leaves procumbent; leaves opposite, wedge-
shaped at the base, ovate-roundish, entire, pubescent; petioles decurrentat the sides,
the wings converging to the side opposite to the petiole. Flowers axillary, two to four,
in clusters, small, white, on short peduncles ; calycine segments linear, erect, some-
what hirsute; tube of the corolla narrower at the base, a little longer than the calyx;
segments, of the border roundish, erect, convex, incumbent, not spreading ; filaments
from the base of the corolla, wider at bottom, awl-shaped; anthers roundish; germ
oblong, conical; sty les contiguous, stigmas blunt; capsule oblong, blunt, four-cor-
nered, acuminate, one-celled, two valved ; containing many minute, roundish, brown,
2 seeds. It is an annual plant in cultivated ground. — ^">. Browne says that the, whole
^ « of tnis little plant is samewlv.it hairy, with the stalk, and branches margined; he met
- 2 with it about the Angels, near Spanish Town.

< ^ Vol. II. A, NASEBERRY,

3? |

>- 5 .

8 ilORTUS JAMATCENSIS. ItePKRiTiC

NASEBERRY-TREE. ACHR \S.

Cl. 6, on. \.—Hexandria monogi/nia. Nat. on. — Dumosa.

&EX. char.— iVc Bully-Tree, /j. 12+.

SAPOTA.

Annona folds laurinis glabris, viridi fuscis, fruclu tnin&re rotunda
viridi Jlavo, scabro, seminibus Juscis, splenderUibtts, fistitra albay
notatis. Sloane, v. 2, p. 171, t. 230. Achras l \ 2. Broune,
p. 200, t. 19, f. 3.
Flowers solitary ; leaves lanceolate-ovate.
This tree rises to a considerable height, and is known also by the name olsapodilla ;
the trunk is straight, and covered with a dark brown bark. The branches shoot on all
sides towards the top, having twigs very thick beset with leaves, collected towards the
ends of the branches. in various circular clusters ; they are smooth, and of a dull green
colour. The flowers come out both from the axils and the ends of the 'twigs, mixed
among the leaves, singly, on peduncles the length of the petioles, inclining down-
wards, they are white, and almost closed. The fruit is a round berry, covered with a
rough brown coat, hard at first, but becoming soft wherr kept a few days to mellow,
about the size of a small apple, having from six to twelve cells, with several seeds in
each ; surrounded by the pulp, which, in colour, consistence, and taste, somewhat
resembles that of the English pear, but sweeter ; the seeds are smooth, shining black,
with a white streak on one edge, and within a hard shell, containing a white kernel,
which is bitter, and may be used in strengthening emulsions. All the tender parts of
this tree are full of a milky juice, as well as the fruit, while yewng. The bark is as-
tringent. Floane observes that the fruit, when tree-ripe, is so full of milk as to drop
out plentifully, when gathered, and, if cut, there appear little rills or veins of milk
quite through the pulp, which is so acerb as to draw the mouth together, and cannot
be eaten until kept some days till rotten as medlars. It is then an agreeable fruit —
Sloane-also observes that the seeds are best raised from earth brought from under bas-
tard cedar trees.

See Bully-Tree and Mammee Sapota.

Navelworth— See Pennyworth. .

NEPHRITIC-TREE. MIMOSA.

Cl. 23y or. 1. — Polygamia monoecia. Nat. or. — Lomentacac.
GEN. CIUR. — See Cacoons, p. 137.

ITCGUIS-CAT.I. •catclaw.

Acacia arbor ea major spinosa, pinnis quatuor, majcribus siiorotuvdijt
siliquis varie intortis. Sloane, v. 2, p. 56. Fru/icosa, J'oliis ovatif
binuto-binatis ; seviiiiibus comprcssis atra~nitentibust Jiocculis ru~
idlis adnatis. Browne, p. 252.

Tfcoro^

*£*HRmc HORTUS JAM AIC EN SIS. $

Thorny; leaves bigemminate, blunt.
This is a small tree, from seven to ten feet in height; the trunk is branched and un-
armed ; branches sub-divided, commonly unarmed, ash-coloured, wrinkled; stipvfles
none. Petiole bifid, each part terminated by two, sometimes, but rarely, by four
leaflets; leaflets wedge- shaped, ovate, blunt, entire, a little oblique, nerved, smooth ;
glands at the division of the petiole, and between the pinnas ; peduncles axillary and
"lateral, clustered, scattered, terminated by a head of flowers ; corolla whitish ; filaments
monadclphous, three times as long as the corolla, capillary, purplish; anthers minute,
simple; gernr oblong, compressed, biood-red; style awl-shaped ; stigma simple ; le-
gume compressed, twisted; seeds five or six, compressed a little, shining, black,
(astened by a scarlet membrane. — S'rr. Sloane observes that the peas are eaten by goats
in a scarcity of other food. The bark is very astringent, and used in lotions and fo-
mentations; it is bitterish, and in powder, or decoction, used as a fomentation, cures
old ulcers, and restores due tone to the parts when more than usually relaxed in the
other sex ; but such applications, Browne observes, should be used with great caution,
and only at particular tunes ; he calls it the Hack-bead shrub ; and it is also called Bar-
bun/ thorn ; the wood steeped in water yields a beautiful red tincture, which might be
useful in dying. It is easily propagated by seeds or cuttings.

This tree is so called in Jamaica for its being a sovereign remedy for the stone, gravel,
and difficulty of making urine; it is also good in obstructions of the liver and spleen.
The use of it was discovered to our traders to the main continent of America, where a
Spanish bishop did such wonders with it for the gravel and stone, that, being willing
it shou'd be known for a public benefit of mankind, he shewed the shrub cr tree to
some of our merchants, who soon found the same tree in Jamaica, but chiefly about St.
Jatjo de la Vega, lor which reason it is believed the Spaniards planted them ; for if you
go above four or five miles from that town, you will hardly meet with one of these trees
throughout the island.* It has a mossy flower, that smells as sweet as die English May
or hawthorn; is a large shrub, with little roundish leaves; the whole plant grows al-
most like an English maple, but is full of small prickles; its leaves glassy, small, and
round; its flowers are like the fingrigo ; its fruit is a small long red pod, which when
ripe opens of itself, turning inside out, curling, and twisting, shewing a black bean,
with a white poppy down substance at one end, in the shape of a kidney. Upon this
account, said the Spanish bishop, nature points out the use of this plant ; the bean it-
self is in shape of the kidnev, and that white poppy substance about it signifies the fat
of the kidnev. It is the bark which is chiefly used : When decocted, it smells like new
wort, but a little bitterish, of which they must drink plentifully-, it worketh by urine.
I have often given it with good success ; but I am of opinion the fruit would be found
to be prevalent if experienced, for the bark is so used, that it is now rare to meet with
a tree that hath not been barked. — Barhara, p. 111.

See Cacoons — Cashaw— Gum- Arabic— Inga-Tree — Sensitive Plant — Wild Ta-
marind.

A 2 NETTLES.

* This is still the case. In tfce vicinity of Spini-h Town they grow plentifully in most hedges, ami become
beautiful little trees; very seldom to be found with prickles; perhaps, being exotic, they may have changed
tacir habit in this respect, since the tinjf of Barhara. Swartz observes they were coinm»tily unarmed.

€ HORTUS JAMAICENSrS. |b*K4f

NETTLES. URTICA.

Cl. 21, en. 4. — Monoecia tetrandria. Nat. or. — Scabridcc.

Gen. char. — See Dwarf Elder, p. 275. Besides the dwarf elder, the following^
species are natives o! Jamaica.

'J he following species hare alternate leaves :

1. BACCIFERA. BERRIED.

Frutcscens; foliis amplioribus cvatis, siriu&fo-devtatis, rtervis petiolis
et cautious (Kiilealis. Browne, p. 337. Urtiea 9:

Leaves alternate, cordate-toothed, prickly; stem shrubby ; female calyxes
berried.

This is a small tree from, sixteen to eighteen feet high, simple, except*, at the top,
where it is. sub-divided, scabrous, prickly; prickles thick, shortish, standing out, oc-
cupying the stem longitudinally ; branches herbaceous, prickly, stinging very power-
fully ; leaves largfe> a span long, pctioled, cordate -ovate, serrate, nerved, smooth;,
the nerves underneath and the petioles prickly ; the upper sides.*!" the leaves has convex
points, terminated bj a prickle, scattered over them. Racemes cauline, many-parted,
prickly, fed; flowerset the ends .of the branchlets of the racemes, sessile, dioecious;
calyx of the males one-leafed, five-cleft, convex; border spreading, a little reflexed,
with lanceolate red segments; nectar} the bottom of the calyx, .cup-shaped, white. —
Filaments five, thicker at tte b; nuated at the top, twice as long as the segment*

of the cal) x, inserted lx low the divisions ol it ; audit rs three-celled, roundish, whitish ;
the rudiment of a pistil in the middle . calyx of the female flowers four-lobed, two of
the lobes a little bigger ; germ ovate, acute, compressed, green ; stigma villosc, pur-
ple ; calyx. berried, enlarging, at first embracing the germ to the middle, but after-
wards becoming like a berry, oblong, blunt at the end, four-lobed, inclosing the seed,,
while, pellucid ; seed small, black. Native of the West Indies, in lofty mountains
and in shady places, flowering in Spring. — ^)'a'. Browne calls this the large prickly;
liettle, which he could only find in Blue Mountain Valley.

2. LAFTULACEA.

Leaves alternate, ovate, somewhat scabrous ; flowers terminating, sub-sessile,
monoecious; seeds three, cornered; stems diffuse.

3. SF.SSIl.U'LORA. SESSILE-FLOWERED,

Leaves alternate, lanceolate-ovate, crenate; racemes very short, axillary;
flowers monoecious, distinct ; stem erect.

4. ELATA. ELATE.

Leaves alternate, ovate-acute, serrate ; stem arboreous ; branches almost nakedj
racemiferous ; flowers dioecious.

7 he following species are oppositc-lca-ced.

5. iMICROPHVLLA.

Humilior, disticha, difvsa, tompressa, oblique assurgens; foliolit
minimis, Browne, .p. 336. Urtica 4.

Leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, with smaller ones ovate, opposite, and in-
termixed; flowers dioecious; stems almost simple, ascending.

Browne

SKTTLK9 IIORTUS JAWAlCi :-?T:' 3

Browne calls this One //V/fr rcclh n nettle with very small leaves; and refers to a-

pLiut of Sioane, uhich is the paiietaria.

6. I'ARIETARI.A. WALL.

Parielaria joins ex adverso nascentiltus, uriic.e rceem>j'crJ %f!ore.-«-
Sloane, v. 1, p. 144, t. 93, f. 1.
Leaves opposite, lanceolate, quite entire, narrower on one side.

Roots numerous, long-, thready ; stem herbaceous, suffrutescent at bottom, from
two to eight feet in height, branching very much, erect, angular, four-sided, stiiated;
{tranches long, sub-divided, quadrangular, red ;. branchlets filiform, opposite to the
leaves, loose, smooth; leaves three- nerved , veined, eiliate at the edge ; leaflets of the
^ame shape, but twice or four-times smaller ; petioles ion;... spreading, red; racemes
axillary, terminating, opposite; peduncles longer than the petioles, filiform, coloured,
four-sided, erect, smooth. Flowers dioecious . females very small, on panieled ra-
cemelets ; seed very small, black, and shining. Native, of iiigli mountains, and flower-
ing throughout the year. — Sw.

1, reticulata; netted-leaved,
Leaves opposite, oblong, acute, petted underneath; stipules- ovate, entire;
racemes- panieled ; leaves shorter.

8. Din; iitT'SED.

Leaves opposite, ovate, acutei ' • hispid; stipules rolled back ; racemes

panieled, longer than the leaf"; items procumbent.

9. rufa k;-:d.

Entirely hirsute; leaves opposite-oblong, serrate; stipules roundish, perma-
nent; racemes terminating ; stem, suffrutescent, brancned.

10. NUDICAULIS. • N.vKF.n-SI'AlKED.

Leaves sub-terminating, opposite, oHbng-aeuviiina . entire, three-nerved-
stem angular, naked below, racemed; flowers dioecious.

11. CILIATA. CILlATE. .

Leaves opposite, ovate, eiliate, serrate; Mowers terminating, aggregate, sub-
peduncled, monoecious ; stem divaricate;

12. RADICANS. RAD1CANT.

Leaves opposite, cuneate-ovate, crenate, shining; flowers axillary, sub-sess;l3j
stem and branches radicant. ■.

13. NUMMULAKIFOLTA. MO' FY-I.EAVED.

Nummularia saxatilis minima repens,foliis crcnatis v'lhy's, Jtoribus
albis. Sloane, v. 1, p. 208, t. 131, f +.

( Leaves- opposite, orbicular, crenate, hirsute; flowers terminating, clustered,

monoecious; stem filiform, simple, creeping.
This small repent plant shoots forth hairy roots from its joints. The stalks are small, .
Covad, hairy, jointed at every half inch: leaves round, pale -green, rough, a quarter

0 HORTUS JAMA I CEN SI'S. settit.s

of an inch in diameter, si.ipt about the edges, on inch-long petioles. The flowers
•come out in tufts, small, and white. It grows on the sides of rocksj which it coicr*.
•among the mountains near Hope- River in Liguanea. — Sloane.

14. DEPRESS.}. DEFRESSKD.

Leaves opposite, roundish, erenate, smooth; flowers terminating, clustered}
stem creeping, sub-divided.

15. S£RIiULATU. -SERftUI.ATE.

.Leaves opposite, lanceolate, serrate, smooth ; peduncles axillary, shorter than
the leaves; flqwer»in little beads ; stem frutescent, angular.

16. LUCIDA. SHINING.

Leaves opposite, semi-pinnate, shining; peduncles apiary, longer than the
leaf; flowers.in little heiuls; stem frutescent, angular.

] 7. t USEIFOI.XA. GUNEATE-I.EAYID.

Leaves opposite, cuneate, ob-ovate, toothed at the top, the alternate ones
larger; racemelets peduncled ; llowers monoecious.

Besides the above native species the dioica, or great European .nettle, and the tt raw,
iOr small nettle, have been introduced.

Sci' Dwarf Elder.

NETTLE-TREE. EOEHMERIA.

Cl. 21, or. 4 — Monoecia tetrandria. Nat. on. — Urticte.
So named in honour of G. It. Boehmer, professor of anatomy and botany in the uni*
Versify of Wittenberg.

Gen. char. — Male flowers in the same plant with the females, either distinct or
mixed: calyx a one-leafed perianth, four-parted to the base; parts lanceolate,
acute, somewhat erect, coloured ; no corolla ; no nectary ; stamens four filaments,
longer than the calyx, subulate, upright; anthers roundish, ovate; pistil a rudi-
ment or none — The females have no calyx, but numerous crowded ovate-acumin-
ate scales; no corolla; the pistil has an ovate compressed germ between each
scale; a filiform, erect, permanent, style ; and a simple pubescent stigma; there
is no pericarp ; seed roundish, compressed, margined. This genus, Swartz ob-
serves, is intermediate between urtica and parieturia. There are only five species,
four of which are indigenous to Jamaica.

1. CAUDATA. TA1LFD.

Frutlcosa ; foliis amplissimis, oralis, serratis ; spicisloyigissimis, (e~
nuibus, cxalis propendentibus. Browne, p. 338. Urtica 11.

Leaves opposite, ovate-acute, serrate ; racemes very long, pendulous ; flowers
dioecious; stem suflfruticose.
This grows in the cooler woods of Jamaica, and is furnished with very broad leaves,
~-Urowne,

2. CYLINDRICAL

&8VA14 WORT US JAM.UCK\SI,\ 1

2. CYUNPRICA. CYLINDRICAL

Urlicet racemosa humilior iners. Sioane, v. 1, p. 124, t. 82, f. 2.

Leives opposite, ovate-acuminate, serrate; racemes spiked, axillary, erect,
simple.

Tloot strong, and deeply fastened in the earth ; stem herbaceous, dividing into
several opposite branches. The leaves are opposite, have three longitudinal veins,
and are placed on pretty long footstalks ; they do not sting. The flowers are axillary,
on inch-long racemes or catkins, winch are not divided.

3. BAMIJXORA. BRANCH-FLOWERED.'

Frutescens ; foliis rugosis ova/is, in acumen product is ; ramulis gra+
cilibus. Browne, p. 338. XJrtica 10.

Leaves alternate, broad- lanceolate, acuminate, serrate, wrinkled; flowers ag-
gregate, axillary and lateral, monoecious distinct; males three-stamened.
This is a shrub eight feet in height, with long branches ; leaves sickle-shaped, rug-
ged, on very short petioles, hanging forward, placed alternately towards theends of
the twigs, very different in size, being two inches and a foot in length on the same
twig. Male flowers small, yellowish, numerous, aggregate, on the leafless eld
branches; females whitish, on the younger twigs,- to the very ends. — Jucquin.

4. HIRTA. HAIRY.

Leaves alternate, ovate-acute, serrate," hirsute; flowers monoecious, heaped,
axillary, mixed.

Nhandiroba — SVe .Antidote- Cocoon.
Nicaragua, Bastard — See BRAZii.KTTOi

NICKARS. GUILANDINA.'

Cl. 10, OR. 1. — Decandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Lomcntacex.

Gen. char. — See Horse-Raddish Tree, p. 385. There are two species of nickaw
natives of Jamaica.

1. BONDUC. .

Lobus echinatus fructu flavofoliisrotundioribits. Sioane, v. 2, p 40.
Iiiermis, seminibusjiavescentibus. Browne, p. 228.

Prickly ; pinnas ovate, with solitary prickles on the leaflets. ■
This is a climbing plant. The stem grows at first erect, but afterwards twines about
*he neighbouring trees and shrubs. The leaves are about a foot and a half long, each
having many pairs of leaflets, which are ovate and entire; the principal mid-rib is
armed with short crooked single thorns, placed irregular! ; the staiks are also armed
with thorns, which are larger. The flowers are on long axillary spikes; petals equah-
Cpucave, yellow; legume "broad, thick, three inches long and two broad, closely arm •!

with i

* HORTUS JAMAICENSIS, >ickaM

with slender spines, opening with two valves, each ifictasing two hard seeds, about the
size and shape of children's marbles, of a shining yellow colour, containing a bitter
kernel. It grows more frequently in the inland parts of the island.

2. EONDUCEIXA.

Lobus cchinntiis /met u : casio folds fhftgioriius. SFoaroe, v. 1, p. 41,
Spinosa, Joins bipinnutis ovatis cum acuminc, sanlnibus ciiureis.-—
Browne, p. 223.

Prickly; pinnas oblong-ovate, with double prickles on the leaflets.

This differs from the other in havinganuch smaller leaves, set closer together ; and
below each pair of leaflets are two short stiff crooked spines, which are opposite; the
flowers are of a deeper yellow, and the seeds are ash-coloured. This weakly plant
grows in many parts of Jamaica, and spreads a groat way about the root, or rises among
the neighbouring bushes if it finds but due support. cThe stalk and branches are very
full of thorns that arch backwards; the seeds are grey, and, like the other, used by
way of marbles by boys. — Browne. Corolla almost regular, with no claws to the petals;
legume ovate, thomboidal, swelling in the middle, but flatted at the sides, with spines
all over it, stiff, but not pungent, ferruginous, bay-colour on the outside, pale within*;
the two valves very sm rib on the inside, without any vestige of a p rtition. Seeds
two or three, ovate-globular, very smooth and shining, seeming as if they had very
fine, parallel, angular, clefts, but quite entire; of a livid lead colour, with a brown
mark at the navel. — Gtertnev. These plants make a good fence Grainier says the
shell of both species contains a farinaceous nut of admirable use in seminal weaknesses;
and that they are also given -powdered to throw out the yaws. Browne al-o observes
that the seeds, bark, and root, of both species, are thought to be astringents, and
sometimes given in glaets ; and the seeds toasted and powdered given to provoke the
menses. Sioane notices that these seeds are often east ashore on the north-west coasts
of Ireland and Scotland. The; plant is raised from seeds, which should be some days
soaked in water before they are planted, to soften them.

Nickers — There are two sorts of these trees which, are called nickers, the boys play-
ing with the cone or truit as they do with marbles"-: The one hatha yellow cone, the
other an ash-coloured one. Its prickles are short and crooloed, as the cockspur-p-ee
K ; it hath along spike, full of yellow flowers; the pods or husks are full of rough
prickles, like the chesnut, but sharper, and so stiff an to prick the finger if you touch
them ; within this rough pod or ease are four or five hard cones, which are called nick-
ers, so hard that the teeth cannot crack them. Tiie Indians and negroes make use of
them itl venereal cases, and say they purge and carry off the cause, and afterwards bind
and strengthen the part They grow also in the Eastern parts of the world ; for the
Egyptians, in Alexandria, account them a sort of guard for their children against witch-
craft and sorcery, hanging them about their necks as amulets. The fruit, finely pul-
verized, and given, half a drachm, hclprth the meagrim, the torture of drawing the
Dioutli of one side, as also convulsions, an I falling sickness.— Barham, p. 114.

See Horse-IIaddishTkee.

NIGHTSHADE?,

♦iwsk HOTtTUS JAMAICENSIS. p

NIGHTSHADES. SOLANUM.

Cl. 5, or. l. — Pentandria monogynia. Nat. or.— Lurida.
■Gf.v. char. — See Calalu, branched, p. Ml. Besides those species described undet
their different English names, the following species ace indigenous to Jamaica.

1. DULCUMARA. SWEET.

Scandens, foliis ovatis utrinque acuminutis, fusckulis Jlorum sub-um-
beUulatis spatsis. Browne, p. 17 5.
Stem unarmed, frutescent, flexuose, upper leaves hastate ; racemes cymed.
Root perennial, woody; stem shrubby, roundish, branched, twisted, and climbing
to the height of several reet ; leaves alternate, petioled, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire,
smooth, soft, veiny; the lower cordate, the upper more or less hastate; flowers in
racemes or cyme-shaped panicles, hut not properly in cymes, opposite to a leal' or ter-
minating, nodding, purple; anthers large, yellow, or 'lemon -coloured and connate;
berries elliptic, scarlet, veryjuicy, bitter, and poisonous; seeds flat, somewhat kid-
ney-shaped, of a yellowish colour. This plant is also a native of Europe, where the
berries excite purging and vomiting ; where decoction of the whole plant is recom-
toeuded in various diseases, as scurvy, rheumatism, inflammations, fevers, &c.

2. VERBASClFOI.imr. MULLEIN-LEAVED.

Stem unarmed, shrubby-; leaves ovate-tomentose, quite entire; corymbs bifid,
terminating.

This is an unarmed tree, above the height of a man, with a trunk as thick as the
human arm ; the ends ol the branches, the leaves, peduncles, and calyxes, are covered
(with a thick nap ; peduncles terminating, erect, always bifid, with the branches again
Litid ; flowers white, inodorous. — Jacquin.

3. DIPIIYLI.L'M. TWO-LEAVED.

Stem unarmed, shrubby; leaves in pairs, one smaller than the other; flowers
in cymes.

This is an ever green stinking shrub, two or three feet high, with a trunk the size
of a finger, woody, round, and blackish, and brown brandies; the whole unarmed and
smooth ; branches and lea\es mostl}- stretched out horizontals. Most of the leaves tvvj
together, on short petioles, by the side of each other ; one lanceolate, bluntish, entire,
from two to four inches long, the other about an inch, ob-ovate, very blunt, some-
times emarginate. Common peduncles very short, lateral, many- flowered, forming a
sort of cyme ; the proper peduncles pendulous at the back of the leaves ; flowers small,
with a five-toothed calyx ; corolla white, deeply five-parted ; segments lanceolate-
acute; berry globular, smooth, succulent, orange-coloured, the size of a chick pea;
seeds whitish yellow. — Jacquin.

4. JAMAICENSE. JAMAICA.

Stem prickly, shrubby ; leaves wedged, wider in the middle, obtuse-angled,
tomeutose on both sides; racbises and calyxes piickly ; prickles bent back.

Stem a fathom in height, branched, prickly ; branches flexuose, round, foment ose,
Vol. II. B prickly.

30 HO'RTUS JAMAICENS1S. nutmeg

prickly. Leaves in pairs, alternate, on very short petioles, wcdged.at the hasp, widen-
ing towards the upper part, angular, (but the angles so blunt as to be sometimes obli-
terated) sharp at the top, entire at the edge, .scarcely rep ml, nerved, toraenfose, an-J
somewhat rugged on both sides, whiter beneath, and. the mid-rib or rachis thero
prickly; prickles stout, short, reflexcd, pale. Racemes lateral, much-shorter than
the-leaves, simple, many- flowered ; flowers pedicelled, sub-cymed; pedicels length
of the raceme, crowded in two. rows, filiform, one-flowered, loose, tomentose, prickly;
calyx, minute, prickly; corolla small, pale bLue or white, with .the segments reilexed,
and tomentose without. Berry roundish, fir.^t green, veined with black, but wholly
black when ripe, smooth, having a dot at the top, size of a red currant. Native of
Jamaica in waste places. — Sie.-

5. HAVANENSE. HAVANNA.

Solamim frulicosum bacciferum spinosum, flare ccernleo. . Sloane, .v*
1, p. 236, t. 145, f. 3.

Stem unarmed, frutescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, shining;
racemes axillary.

Stem shrubby, three or four feet high, with upright, round, smooth,, branches ;
leave:! alternate, pefioleu, oblong, wedged at the base, with a short blunt tip, entire,
nerved, smooth on both sides, pale beneath, thicker; racemes terminating, solitary,
containing from four to seven flowers ;. peduncles on ©-flowered, short; calyx parted
halfway; segments oblong, permanent, white at the edge ; corolla biggish, blue, the
border half five-cleft and spreading, the segments wide and plaited; filaments very
short; anthers converging, yellow, having two pores at the top. — Sw.

SiTRISTE. DULL.

Stem- unarmed, frutescent; leaves lanceolale-oblong, sub- repnnd, smooth ;
racemes sub-cymed.

This is an upright shrub; eight feet high, and not handsome ; leaves acute, dark
green, petioled, alternate, seven or eight inches long; racemes lateral, thick,.an inch
and half long, simple, or bifid, waited with the falling off of the pedicels that first
tome out ; flowers small, white, forming a sort of cyme; berries globular, of a dirty
yellow colour.

See Gai.ai.ij, Branched — Canker-Berry — Egg-Pi,ant — Potatoes — Tomatos-~

Turkey-Berries.

NUTMEG, AMERICAN. ANXONA.

€l. 13, or. 7, — Pohjandria polygyria. Nat. or. — Coadnunata:
Gen. char. — See Alligator-Apple, p. 11.

MYR1ST1CA. NUTMEG.

This singular tree is said to have been brought from South America, and firstplanted
at the Retreat estate, in Clarendon : it is noticed in Long's History, but does not ap-
pear to have been much cultivated since his time; there are two fine plant: in the

hotani*

jiutmisu KORTUS JAMAICEXSIS. u

botanic garden, Liguanea, raised by Mr. Wiles ; and in the Hortus Eastensis it lias
been classed as a species of annona, with the trivial name myristica, in allusion to the
resemblance in taste its seeds have to the nutmeg, Jt h also known by the name of
calabash nutmeg. The following are its characters, taken from a careful ■examination
of many of its flowers: Calyx a one-leafed perianth, deeply divided into three trian-
gular coloured segments, shorter than the corolla ; somewhat nervous and crispated ; it
is perforated by the style; corolla one-petaled, also perforated, and deeply divide!
into six unequal segments, three exterior and three interior; the fruit more than
double the length of the calyx, of the same shape, when Full grown of a yellow colour,
striped with purple, and longer than the interior ones, which are sub-cordate, coiuii-
vent, nervous, of the same colour as the others but less undulated ; the stamens have no
filaments ; anthers numerous, sessile, forming a ring round the base of the germ as in
annona, adhering, but easily separated : the pistil has a turbinated, sulfated, and tri-
gonal germ, seated on the apex of the columnar style, which is long, perforating the
calyx and corolla, to which it is so slightly attached as easily to slip through, leaving
the central hole perfect; stigma sub-globular, bifid, purple, crowning the germ-;
pericarp a large berry covered with a hard, thick, leathery, or woody, bark, one celled ;
seeds many, nestling.

This grows to a large branchy tree, in habit resembling the annonas. The leaves
come out alternately on thick short footstalks, they are oblong-oval, quite entire, from
six to nine inches long, and about two and a half to three broad, smooth, of a pale
green colour above, lighter below. The flowers come out from below the small twigs,
which have a leaf on the opposite side, they are pendent on four or five inches long
footstalks, which are bracted. Both leaves and twigs have a taste and smell somewhat
resembling •angelica. The seeds of this plant, which are a good substitute for nutmegs,
vegetate easily when fresh, but will not keep long out of the ground.

It bears a considerable number of large round pods resembling the calabash, hanging
from the branches by a long pedicle. Tlie pods are from four to five inches diameter,
and contain a multitude of nuts or kernels, of about one inch in length, and one-third
of an inch in thickness, a" packed close in a very singular regularity, so that, after
displacing them, it is impossible to restore them to the same order and compactness as
before. These kernels, when thoroughly dried, are of a light, reddish, brown, co-
lour, impregnated with an aromatic oil, resembling that of the Eastern nutmeg, from
which they differ so little in flavour and quality, that they may be used for similar pur-
poses in food or medicine; the only perceptible difference to the taste is, that they are
less pungent than the East Indian nutmeg. It was a long time before the tree at the
Retreat bore fruit ; at the time of its bearing it was about eighteen feet in height. It
has since been cultivated by many gentlemen in different parts of the island, and may
probably in a few years be adopted into general use, as well as furnish an article of ex-
port. I take it to be the same as that found in Guiana. When intended for exporta-
tion, it might be advisable to send them in the dry pods entire, or lay the kernels in
lime water for a little while, drying them afterwards again in the sun, or a shady
place. — Long.

See Alligator- Apple— -Cherimoya — Custard- Apple — Sour-Sop.

B 2 Oas.

12 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS, Ochra

Oak of Cappadocia— See Wild Tansey,

OCHRA. HIBISCUS.

Cl. 16, OR. 6. — Momtdelphiapolgandria, Nat, OR. — Colamnifcra,
CJen. char. — See, Changeable- Rose, p. 175.

ESCULENTUS. ESCULENT.

^Icea maxima, mdlvte rosea folio, fructu decirgsvo, recta, erassiore^
brtviore, csculento. Sloane, v. 1, p. 223, t. 133, f. 3. Ramosus,
hirsutus ; joliis lobatis, irregulariter crenatis, Jructu longicri.—
Browne, p. 2S5.

Leaves five-parted, pedate ; inner calyxes bursting at the side.

This rises, with a soft herbaceous sia'.k, six feet high, or more, dividing at top into
many alternate branches. Toe leaves are also alternate, standing singly on long round
panicles from six to eight inches long, having a spelling at bottom, purplish, and
hairy at both ends ; they are five-lobed, frequently six inches long and seven or eight
broad. The flowers are large, axillary, of a paie sulphur colour, with dark purple
bottoms. The capsules, which are an excellent emollient vegetable, are of different
siaes and forms in the varieties, and are generally eaten either cooked by themselves,
or as an ingredient in soups. It is the chief vegetable in West-India pepper-pots, and
renders them very palateable, rich, and nourishing. These capsules are freqcentlv siiced
across while green, dried, and sent to Europe, and retain for a great length <;f time,
in that state, their rich mucilaginous flavour and quality. As a medicine orhra mav be
employed in all cases where emollients and lubricants are indicated In Or. Dancer's
Medical Assistant a decoction of the leaves and pods is recommended in the place of
linseed tea.

They ar^ very cooling, emollient, and of great nourishment; very proper for dis-
eases of the breast, and provoke urine, stone, and gravel, having all the virtue of tne
Biarsh-mallows. I advised a person that was in a deep consumption, and of a depraved
appetite, of a cadav< rous countenance, and a mere skeleton, to have always the dried
seed of the wkras by him, that he might not be without them all tiie year round; tha
which I ordered him to have beat into a fine dour, separating the husks from it, and so
to thicken all his broths or soups with this flour; which afforded hiin so much nourish-
ment, taking away his hectic fever, that, in less tnan.tweive months, he was as strong
and lusty as ever ue was all his life-time, and gave me many thanks for my advice. — •-
Bar hum, p. 123.

See Changeable-Rose— Indian Sorrel — Mahoe— Musk-Ocjira,
Ochra, Bastard — \'ee Wn.n-OcuRA.

OciUU, MU&K— <&* MU3K.-Ov.liKA.

OIL

<*fc HORTUS JAMAICENSIS, %3

OIL-NUT-TREE. RICINTJS.

Cl. 21, or. 8. — Moaeecia morutdehphia. Nat. or. — Trieocea.

Gf.TJ. char. — Male calyx a one-leafed perianth, five-parted ; segments ovate, con»
cave; no corolla; stamens very numerous filaments, filiform, branchingly con-
nected below into various booties ; anthers twin, roundish. Female calyx a one-
leafed, three-parted, perianth; segments ovate, concave, deciduous; no corolla;
the pistil has an ovate germ, covered with subulate corpuscles ; styles three, two-
parted, from erect spreading, hispid; stigmas simple; the pericarp a roun lish,
capsule, three- grooved, prickly all over, three-celled, three-valved; seeds soli-
tary, sub-ovate.

1. COMMUNIS. COMMON.

Ricinus Amerlcanus fructu racemoso hispido. Sloan e, v. 7, p. 12P.
Jffuticosus atsurgens, foliis majoribas ptltato lobatis, lobis serrutis
ecu/is. Browne, p. 330.

Leaves deeply divided.

This tree, which is sometimes called palma ckristi, is of speedy growth, a3 in one-
year it arrives p.t its full size, seldom exceeuing from fifteen to twenty feet. Tho
rooc is biennial, long, thick, whitish, beset with small fit>res; the trunk is sub-ligneous,
with a large pith, round, thick, jointed, channelled, glaucous, of a purplish red co-
lour, in some varieties whitish. The leaves grow singly, on very long footstalks, hav-
ing a large pith and small hollow; the leaves are peltate, palmate, from eight to twelve -
parted; tne segments lanceolate-serrate, spread out in a ring, of different sizes, the
three smallest below the footstalk Flowers in terminating racemes, the males nelow,
with a five-parted calyx, and about one hundred oblong white anthers, in different
bundles, the whole having a globular figure ; the females at the top, the calyx com-
monly five- parted, with three red, filiform, bifid, stigmas: the capsule is sub-globu-
lar, corticate, educated all over with small spines, tncoccous ; rind herbaceous, thin;
the three component parts or cells ovate,- papery, on one side convex, with a dorsal
streak, on the other angular; and perforated with a cordate hole below the tip, two-
valved. Receptacle columnar, three-cornered, widening above, entering, by a tripie
blunt end, the ventral perforations of the cells. Seeds solitary, biggish, ovate, con-
vex on one side, very bluntly angular on the ather, smooth, somewhat shining, some-
times livid, wiili cloudy spots, sometimes variegated like the abdomen of the spider
frith white lines, dots and stains, on a testaceous or brown ground; on the topis a
fungou-, thick, white, umbilicus, or navel.

When tne bunches begin to turn black, they are gathered, dried in the sun, and the
Seeds picked out. Castor oil is obtained irom them either b»' expression or by decoc-
tion. This oil burns clear and bright in lamps, and is fit for all the purposes of the
painter, or for the apothecary in ointments or piasters. As a medicine it purges without
& stimulus, and is so mild as to be given to infants soon after birth, to purtre off the
meconium. By many physicians it has been deemed a sovereign remedy in bilious,
calculous, and nephritic, complaints; but its ta^te is extremeiv nauseous, and, when
frequently used, it is apt to relax the tone of the bowels. It is recommende I to be
given in clysters ; and Dr. Canvane of B.ith affirms, that when children cannot be made
to swallow any medicine, if tuc u*vel and hypochondria be rubbed with tins oil, it will

produce

1* HOKTUS JAMAICENSTS."

Oli

produce one or two physical stools. He adds, that given in small draughts, or by
clyster, or by embrocation, it is an excellent and wonderful vermifuge. All oils are
noxious to insects, but the castor oil kills and expels them. It is gerierally-given as a
purge alter using the cabbage bark some days. In constipation and belly-ache this oil
is used with remarkable success. It sits well on the stomach, allays the spasm, and
brings about a plentiful evacuation by stool, especially if atthe same time fomentations,
or the warm bath, ar.e used Belly-ache is at present less frequent in Jamaica than
formerly, owing to several causes : t fie inhabitants, in general, live better, and drink
better liquors ; but the excessive drinking of new rum slid makes it frequent amongst
: spkhers, sailors, and the lower order of white people. It has been known to happen
too lroui visceral obstructions after intermittents, or marsh fevers, in Jamaica

The oil will not make soap, and it contains such quantities of a residuum, like gum,
as to be unfit lor using on mahogany furniture, or on gun-locks, &c. Mixed with paint
it does not dry unless some spirits of turpentine are added to it. if it be spilled upon
paper, after a month or two the paper will bear ink nearly as well as if there was no oil
upon it.

Mr. Hughes, in Ids History of Barbadoes, says that the oil extracted from the berries
of the red negro oil bush, is less rank than that of the other varieties, and sometimes
Qiadeuseof by negroes in their soups. Geoffrey, speaking of these nuts, says that
they purue violently, but, if the skin wherewith they are covered becarefullv taken off,
they lose their purgative quality, and maybe eaten with safety. From not knowing
this secret, continues he, new .comers into America are often caught by the natives;
this ia oer.tai.nJy a mistake, as it is the taking out the small root leaves and not the skin,
that renders them inoffensive. The leaves of this plant, from their soft emollient na-
ture, are generally used for dressing blisters. The roots in decoction are looked upon
as stro g diuretics.

Dr. (Jullen ob><. rves that castor oil, when the stomach can be reconciled to it, is one
ol the most agreeable purgatives we can employ. It has these advantages, that it com*
monly operates in two or three hours, seldom gripes, and is generally moderate in its
operation ; it is particularly suited to cases of costiveness, and even of spasmodic colic ;
is one ot the. most certain remedies in the dry belly-ache, or colica piclonum ; has been
experienced to be useful in various febrile complaints, in bilious colics, nephritic cases,
worms and especially the tape-worm. It is not heating nor irritating to the rectum,
and is therefore suited to Invmorrhoidal persons. The only inconvenience attending
this medicine is, that it is nauseous to those who dislike oil, and that, when the dose
is large, it occasions sickness at the stomach. The most effectual means to obviate
this, is to take it in a little ardent spirit, rum or brandy, but compound tincture of
senna is much better : this, in the proportion of one to three-parts of the oil, inti-
mately mixed, bv being shaken together in a phial, makes the oil less nauseous, and
therefore sit better on the stomach, i he common dose is a table spoonful, or half an
ounce, but many persons require a double quantity. It is remarkable that if this medi-
cine be frequently repeated, the dose may be gradually diminished ; insomuch, that
persons of a costive habit, who at first required half an ounce, or more, for a dose, have
afterwards found two drachms enough, at least to keep the belly regular.

The oil-nut plant is much cultivated in Jamaica; it is raised from the nut or seed,
grows with a surprising rapidity to the height of fifteen or sixteen feet, and seems to
Sourish most in gullies, or near running water, in cool shady spots. The seeds bein?

freed

o;i, H'ORTUS JAMAICENSlSs ft

free] from the husks or pods (which are gathered upon their turning brown, and when
beginning to burst open), arc first bruised in a mortar, afterwards tied up in a linen
bag, and then thrown into a large pot, with a sufficient quantity of water ' ibout eight
gallons tt> one gallon of the seeds), ajid boiled tiil their on is risen to the surfeee; this
is carefully skimmeel, strained, and kept for use.* Thus prepared it is entirely free
from all acrimony, and will freely stay upon the stomach, when it rejects most other
medicines. This oil is consumed ©n many of the plantation in the boiling and stiH
houses, during crop, and much preferable to the filthy stinking lamp-oil imporl id
from North America and Britain ; for it affords a clear lively light, emits no disagreea-
ble smell, is obtained ..; less than one half the expence, and may be kept many years
without growing foetid. When intended for medicinal use, the oil is more frequently
cold-drawn, or extracted from tke braised- seeds, by means of a hand-press. But this
is thought more acrimonious than what is procured from coction.

The cold-drawn. oil at first is perfectly limpid; but, after being kept for some time,
acquires a pale tincture, resembling Lisbon wine, probably caused by the membrane
which covers tha kernels. It is administered with the greatest success in-the belly-ache,
and all obsi mate constipations of the bowels, given from one to even four or five ounces.
It is likewise taken, with perfect safety, by infants afflicted- with worms, which it both
destroysand sweeps away ; and therefore much superior to calomel or tin powder. Ft
is given to new-born children, within nine days, in a dose of one tea-spoonful every
morning, mixed with a little molasses, or any other syrup, to purge off the meconium;
which purpose it effectually answers, and has saved the lives of many thousand negro
children. The retention of this excrement has been fatal to multitudes, by bringing on
mortal convulsions, generally known here by the name of jaw-falling. +

The oil,, externally used, is excellent in removing cramps, and pains arising from
colds, and kills lice in the heads of children.

It is but of late that this article has made an article of the Jamaica exportation, and
that- only in. very small quantities; it now forms part of the British materia med'ica, but
is most usually obtained there from the seeds imported in barrels ; the oil drawn in the
West Indies not being encouraged, because it is a manufacture. What is intended fdr
exportation should be packed in jars, well stopped with corks or plugs, covered with
waxed cloth, and properly tied or wired, orin small tight casks. The oil is not subject
to contract rancidity, unless it is made from parched or roasted seeds, which are im-
pregnated with an enipyreuma. — Long, p. 712.

OiliNuts. — These are so called from the great quantity of oil got out of them ; and
also vulgarly, but very erroneously, called aguus castits, they having no relation to that

species ;

* One gallon of mils will yield about one quart of oil. Tiie oil seperates sooner if, towards the end of the
boiling, a handful of sea salt is thrown into the cauldron, 11 the nuts be kept a few weeks the)1 yield little
or no oil.

t Some of the ablest physicians have concurred in preferring the oil obtained from nuts to olive oil, in ver.
micular cases ; the reason of which is, that, as the worms have their bodies overspread with extremely minute
pipes, which ate necessary to their respiration; and which being plugged up or stopped, they immediately
die; so oils are found to answer this effect; and nut-oil much sooner, and with more certainty, than any
other ; as its parts are less porous, and therefore better qualified to exclude the air, the want of which de.
Stroys them.

It is mentioned by some writers, that, in certain parts of Italy, it is a common practice for mothers te give
their infants, once or twice a week fasting, pieces of toasted bread dipped in nut-oil ; and that what they
use for this purpose is extracted from the beech nut, andseltrom fail3 to clear their bowels of these dangerous
animalcules ; the ricinus oil is equally powerful, and might be administered after the same manner.

te HOIITUS JAMAICE'NSIS. oil

species; but every body in Jamaica call? it agnus castus, or oil -leaves, whiuh they put
tQ.their blisters instead of jneHlot, and use no other. >The root, decocted and drank,
cures the cholic and swelling of the belly and legs ; and so doth the leaves, boiled with
v. iid ginger and ground-ivy, and then fermented with a little sugar or melasses, which
wall p urge very strongly. Planters have not .only cured dropsies in negroes with this
drink, but also the > aws and venereal complaints;, taking away the gumipous nodes,
and pains in the joints. The leaves, applied to the head in fevers, remove pain; a,
cataplasm made of the green leas _s, cassada Hour, and a little oil of the nuts, applied
to women's breasts, softens and discusses the coagulated milk and hardness; and, if
-not to be discussed, it will ripen it, bring it to digestion, and break it.

Negroes are troubled with a distemper in their legs, which they call a guinea-worm :
The tir^t appearance is a bard swelling, with much pain and inflammation; and some
time after .will appear, through the flesh and skin, the head of the worm, as small as a
knitting-nee"dle, which they take hold off, and draw it a little, and get it round the
quilly part of a small leather; but if they draw it so haul as to break it, many ill acci-
dents will attend the pa.-r, and sometimes gangrenes ensue. Now, to ripen and for-
ward tin: work, make a poultice as before directed, and lay over it one of the leaves,
which "ill soften and bring the worm out, by turning the feather every day, drawing
a little at a time, and by degrees the worm uill entirely come out, which sometimes
will be several yards long, and not bigger than a thread; sometimes, barely anointing
the part with the oil, and laying a leaf upon it, will do. The oil of this nut pur<
strongly ; and I knew one, that would boldly give an ounce or an ounce and an half, in
vhat they tab the d.-v bedy-ache, which would go through the patient when nothing
else would ; outwardly, it is good for cold aches and pains, or cramps and contractions.
Its oil will keep without being fetid or stinking, and therefore may be converted to
several uses. — Bui ham, p. 120.

In Mr. Anthony Robin ion's manuscript the following recipes are recommended :
For di-:/ belly-ache. — " Take nut-oil, half a common spoonful, and a spoonful of
rum, mix them together, and set the rum on fire ; after burning for half a minute, ex-
tinguish the flame, ;<nd mix well with a spoon for one dose, to be taken every two hours
■until it operates. 1 have seen this, adds Mr. 11. tried with success on a patient with ail
the symptoms of appic aching belly-ache. The first dose gave him one stool, and the
second gave him thirteen, which were sufficiently liquid, and tools, away the pain of the
bowels entirely."

Far the yaws. — " Take eight ounces of the nuts with the green skin ; bruise them
small, and infuse. in twenty ounces of warm water all night, then add four ounces of
rum. The dose is four spoonfuls inrthe morning, in yaws, ulcers, dropsy, &c." Of
this medicine the late Dr M 'Vicar Affleck says he made two trials, in the yaws, and
©ne dose, in each case, made a cure, but t'.ie operation was so violent he did not ex-
pect his patients would have survived it, which prevented him from making further
trial. It has been observed, he says, by some gentlemen who used it with great suc-
cess, that two spoonfuls of beef brine was effectual in stopping the operation, when
too violent, and that laudanum or opiates of any kind have no effect ; it was likewise
found that one dose often effected a cure, but three times repeated always succeeded.
In the cases of Dr. Aflleck's'patients, the beef bri.ie was useti, the negroes both reco-
vered, and never had a return of the yaws. He thought an emulsion might succeed
better, ami to begin with small doses. He adds that in a dysentery, rfter the measles,

l*e

OLDENLA.NDI.Y II OUT US J A M A I C E N S I S. 17

he found two ounces of castor oil, given every third day, and an injection of Indian
arrow root decoction every niglit, and pap of the same for iiouiishmcnt, succeed in the
advanced stage of . the duca^e. Externally applied the castor oil is in some degree
acrid.

2. ENERMIS. UNARMED.

Leaves peltate, stib- palmate, serrate; petioles glandular; fruits unarmed.

This is a stouter tree than the other, and hears larger and more productive nuts.—
Stem the first year red and shining, afterwards ash-coloured with dusky spots. Leaves
u foot and a half in diameter, on long petioles ; glands the same in numbers and situa-
tion as in the common sort. Calyx reddish green; germ somewhat wrinkled, dark
Ijurple : fruit ovate, larger, shining, dark green, somewhat-wrinkled, hut without the
east appearance of prickles. This so much .resembles the other as scarcely to be re-
garded as a distinct species The oil has the same qualities as the other, and this plant
being more productive, is now most generally cultivated. It is a native of the Spanish
West Indies, from whence it most probably was first brought to Jamaica, where it is
now very common.

Oil Plant or Oily Pulse — See Vanglo.

No English Name. OLDENLANDIA.

Cl. 4, or. l. — Tetrm&fia monogynia, Nat. or. — Stdlat.e.

So named in memory of II. B. Oldenland, a Dane, who collected plants at the Cape
ef Good Hope, in 16i)5.

Gen. cuar. — Calyx a four-parted perianth, the part« awl-shaped, superior, perma-
nent; corolla one-petaled ; tube cylindrical, closed by a beard; border four-
parted, acute, spreading, a little longer than the calyx ; the stamens are four
simple filaments, within the tube, with small anthers ; the pistil has a roundish
inferior germ ; a simple style, the length of the stamens ; and a bifid obtuse
stigma; pericarp a twin capsule, roundish, two-celled, opening between the
teeth of the calyx ; seeds numerous, very small. Two species are natives of
Jamaica.

1.UN1FLORA. ONE- FLOWER ED.

Aquaticafoliis obovatis oppositis, Jioribus sivgularibus ad alas. Browne,
p. 146.

Peduncles quite simple, lateral ; fruits rough-haired ; leaves sub-ovate, acute.

Stems branched and creeping ; leaves opposite, lanceolate- ovate, sub-petioled,
quite entire; flowers axillary, few, each on its proper peduncle; germs hispid; the
petals are at the intestines of the leaves of the calyx ; the anthers are large, incumbent,
and elliptic; germ obversely pyramidal ; seeds roundish. Browne calls it the water
eldenlandia, and says it is very common about the Ferry ; it is found frequently in the
waters, and grows of a length proportioned to the depth of the place, and yields and
bends with the stream ; but both the leaves and stalks are of a reddish colour ; some-
Vol. II. C times

IS H OUT US JAMAICENSIS. ol3

times it is found upon the banks, and then it is of a green colour, and a creeper; and.
generally runs more or less according to the quantity of moisture it can obtain.

2. CORYMBOSA. CORYMBED.

Minor caule teretimo, Joliis tinearibus oppositis, ramulis minimis flo-
riferis et pedunculis ramvsis vet snnpticibus ad alas. Browne,,.
p. 146.

Peduncles many-flowered ; leaves linear-lanceolate.

The slender oldenlandia, with small narrow leaves, is found in the most lsuren sa»
vannas, and rises generally to the height of ten or fourteen inches.; the footstalks of
the flowers are sometimes simple, hut oftener branched, and rise immediately from the
alue of the leaves, or shoot from the top of the smaller ramifications ; all the parts of the
plant are very delicate. — Browne. The flowers are white and small, the stems almost
prostrate, four-cornered, with opposite branches; leaves long, narrow, opposite^
marked with a longitudinal line; stipules opposite, connecting the leaves, with three
awns at the tip,

3. UMBELI.ATA. U.HBELLED..

Umbels naked, lateral, alternate; leaves linear.

This species is a native of the East Indies, and is called" Indian madder or chP, and;
was introduced into this island, in the year 1791, by Hinton East, Esq. but, like many
other valuable exotics, has been much neglected. It is a small plant,- biennial, rarely
triennial ; root long, slender, with lateral fibres ; when fresh, the bark is orange-co-
loured : stem erect, round, branchy; branches and leaves opposite. Flowers termin-
ating, small, white, numerous; umbel composed of small three-cleft mnbellates;
bractes minute, awl-shaped. It thrives in sandy ground, and is much cultivated in the
East-Indies, and used in dying red, purple, a deep clear brown, orange, and to paint
the red figures on chintz. It is the burk of the root only which possesses this r'ying
principle; when fresh it tinges the spittle yellow, ami leaves a slight degree of acri-
mony. It impregnates cold water or spirits with a, straw colour: to boiling water it
gives a brownish porter colour. The watery7 infusions and .spirituous tinctures are
changed into a bright and deep red by alkaline substances; and are rendered paler, or
nearly destroyed, by acids. The colouring powers of this root are said to improve by,
keeping three or four years.

OLD MAN'S BEARD. TILLANDSIA.

Ci.. 6, OR. I. — Hexandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Coronarite.
So named in honour of Efias Tillandsius, author of Flora Aboensis, and professor of
physic at Aboa, 1673.

GEN. CHAR. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, triful, oblong, erect, permanent; seg-
ments oblong-lanceolate, acuminate ; corolla tubular, one-petaled ; tube long,
ventrtcose; border irili J, obtuse; erect, small; stamens six filaments, as long as
the tube of the corolla; anthers acute, in the neck of the corolla, incumbent ; the
pistil has an oblong germ, acuminate both ways ; style filiform, the length of the
stamens; stigma trificl, obtuse; pericarp a long capsule, obtusely three-cornered,

HOItTUS A.ICEI I

acuminate, one or two-cell cl, ree ■ Ived; I

capi appus. Fid n t of this genu i ■ to Jamaic

foii I th( ribe I undej? the article ,

1. USNEOIDES. SSY.

Viscicin caryopfiylloides tenuissimum, e ramidrs atboritm musei hi
tit >dum ,<i - n'Sffoliis pruina insldr candicani ' p< taiot

semiacjil.amentoso. Sloane, v. l, p. 191, t. 122, f. 2, 3. Reneal-
i ia l. — Parasitica cavle jiliformi ramoso, geniculate lorfghsimb -,
joliis subulatis. Browne, p. l.;J.
Filiform, branched, intoned, rugged.

Stem the bigness of a thread, the skin whitish, as if covered with hpar-frost, wiiLvi
tough and black like a horse-hair. Many of these together stick on tne branches of the
ebony or other tree superficially by the middle ; sending down on each side sonic of the
same steins, very often a yard long, hanging on both sides, curled or turning and
winding one within another, and resembling- an old man's beard, whence its common
name in Jamaica. The stems are branched, and the branches) which are two or three
inches long, are set with roundish white frosted leaves. The flowers come out at the
end of the branches. — .Sloane. This slender parasitical plant is found upon the trees in
many parts of Jamaica, but does not grow so common nor so luxuriantly as it does in
the more northern provinces of the main continent, where it is said to over-run whole
forests. It is frequently imported to Jamaica from North America for the use of sad-
dlers and coachmakers, who commonly stuff their pannejs, cushions, &c. with this weed.
In Louisiana, and other neighbouring settlements, this plant is very carefully gathered
and stripped of the bark, and the fibres, which are very like, and by no -means inferior
to, horse-hair, made into mattrasses, cushions, pannels, &c. It is manufactured by
'tying the stalks in bundles, anil sinking them in water, or burving them under ground
in a moist place, until the bark rots ; they are then taken up, boiled in water, and
washed until the fibres are quite cleared of the pulp. These are not only used instead
of horse-hair, but are so very like it as not to be distinguished, without strict examin-
ation. The banana birds nest is always made of the fibres of this plant, and generally
found hanging by a few threads ftom the tops of the most expanded branches of tiia
most lofty trees, especially those that spread over ponds or rivers. — Broumc,

2. RECURVATA. RECURVED.

Yiscum caryephyllqides minus, Joliis pruinte instar carrdicantibus, fiore
iripctalo purpureo semine filamentoso. Sloane, v. 1, p. 11)0, t. 121,
f. -1. Parasitica parva pruiiwsa, scapo tcnui bijloro. Browne,
p. 194.

Leaves awl-shaped, rugged, reclined; culms one-flowered; glume two-
flowered.

Hoots filiform, clustered, whitish; stems aggregate, simple; or leaves constituting
the stem, sheathing at the base, so that the plant is rather stemless. Sheaths of the
leaves alternate, half-embracing ; leaves filiform-subulate, compressed, plano-convex,
slightly channelled, recurved at the end, pubescent, and meallv, with ash-coloured
scales. Peduncles terminating from the middle of the leaves, filiform, round, two or
three inches long; spathe two-leaved, two-dowered; leaflets equal, lanceolate-acu-

C 2 minate,

£0 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS outs:

minate, concave, erect, meally; one flower sessile, the other peduncled within the
spathe. _ Spathe one-leafed to each flower, sheathing, lanceolate, smooth, ash-co-
loured, inclosing the flower. Calyx three- leaved, leaflets lanceolate, concave, smooth,
dusky red ; petals three, lanceolate, bine, blunt at the end, almost inclosed by the
calyx. Filaments inserted into the base of the corolla, awl-shaped; anthers oblong,
yellow; style short and thick; stigma obtuse, simple; capsule long, round, awl-
shaped, three-cornered, three-celled, three- valved; valves revolute ; seed-down ca-
pillary. Native of Jamaica, on old rotten trees. — Ac'. The fibres of this plant are in-
terwove* and matted into each other, and wrapped about the arms and branches of
trees ; from which, though sometimes it be on the under side of the bough, rise straight
tip several leaves, the under parts whereof inclose one another like bulbs, making, in
their inward concave sides, a cavity to hold rain. The leaves always look as if covered
with hoar-frost j the flower is purple.

Sec Wild Pine.

OLD WOMAN'S BITTER. CITHARFXYLON.

Cl. 14, or. 2. — Didynamia gymnospermia. Nat. or. — Personatx*
Gen. char. — See Fiddlewood, p. 291.

CINEREUM. ASH-COI.OURED.

Fruticosum, cortice einereo, fofiis obtongo ovatis oppositis, peliolls
marginatis pedatis, Jloribus spicalis,fructu majori. Browne, p. 2b*.
Branches round ; calyxes toothed.
This is a tree rising with a round upright trunk, not more than a foot in diameter, to
the height of fifteen or twenty feet, with a handsome branching head. Leaves oblong-
oval, acuminate at both ends, entire, shining, commonly opposite, but sometimes al-
ternate, and frequently three together, of different sizes, but mostly above half a foot
in length. The petioles have often a few glandular holes on each side above, exuding
honey drops in the younger ones : racemes terminating, dense, quite simple, pendu-
lous, nine or ten inches long; flowers small, numerous, odoriferous, on short pedi-
cels; corolla white; berries succulent, shining, soft, roundish, first green, next redr
and finally black. — Sw. Browne says that it rises eight or nine feet; and is common in
all the savannas of Jamaica ; that the veins of the leaves, and all the tender buds, art
of a brown colour ; die bark of the trunk and lower branches of a whitish ash-colour,
and is called old woman'1 s bitter. The French call it bois cotelet.

See Fiddlewood.
Oleander — See South Ska Rose..

OLIVE-BARK-TREE. BUCIDA.

Cl. 10, or. l. — Decandria monogynia, Nat. or. — Holoraceae.

Brown*

O-Ijvs HOttTUS JA5.IAICENSIS. 2t

Browne calls this buceras, from the termination of the spikes resembling a bull's
horn. Linneus changed it to bucida.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, bell-form, obscure! v five- toothed, supe-
rior, permanent; no corolla; stamens \z\\ capillary filaments, inserted into the
base of the calyx, and longer than it ; anthers cordate, erect; the pistil has i i
inferior ovate germ ; a filiform style, the length of the stamens; stigma obtus< ;
the pericarp is a dry berry, ovate, one-celled, crowned with tne calvxj see&one»
ovato. There u only one species,, a native of Jamaica.

BUCEUAS. BULL-HORNED.

Mangle julifera foliis subrotundis versus, summit ' i'es laliss'm's, con-
j'trtim vascentibus, cortice ad coria densanda u/ili. Sloane, v. ■_>,
p. 67, t. 189, f. 3. Ramulis fiexuosis tenuioribus, jeliis ebovatis
eonfertts, ipicis phirimis ttrnnmulibus. Browne, p. L!^l, t. ?3, f. 1.

This tree grows to a very considerable height, but not of a proportionate thickness,
some having been seen seventy feet high, anil rive in circumference lour feet from the
ground. The branches and twigs are divaricate or flexuose, roundish, smooth, an 1
even. The leaves are crowded at the forkings of the twigs ; they are tw > inrhes long
and one broad, near the further end, where broadest, on inch-long petioles, ob-ovate,
fpiite entire, nerved, veined, smooth, and. the younger ones are hoary underneath, —
Flowers in spikes, from the axils of the crowded leaves, simple, longer than the leaves,
^preading, many -flowered ; peduncles round, long, hoary ; flowers yellowish. Calyx
hoary, without tomentose within ; filaments twice as long as the calyx ; anthers round-
ish, yellow ; germ flatted, with ten streaks at the base ; style subulate, hirsute at the
base. .

This tree is called the black olive ig Jamaica ; but in Antigua, where it is equally
common, goes bv the name of French oak. It is a native of the lower swampy lands,
or adjoining banks, and grows to a very considerable size. It is frequent about the
Ferry, and remarkable for its slender crooked branches, and the tufted disposition of
its leaves. On the flo-ver spikes of this tree you may sometimes find one or more fruc-
tifications that shoot into a monstrous size, being seldom under three inches in length^
though never above a line and a half in diameter; and something in the form of a bull's
horn. It is reckoned an excellent timber tree ; and the bark is greatly esteemed among
the tanners. — Browne.

Barham mixed the bark of this tree with that of the mangrove, and savs he made an
excellent restringent styptic water of it. In the French islands it is called grigrwn.

OLIVE MANGROVE. AVICENNIA.

CL. 14, or. 2. — Did-yna.jn.in angiospermia. NaT. or. — Personata*
This was so named in honour of a famous oriental physician.

Gen. char. — Calyx a five-parted permanent perianth ; leaflets sub-ovate, obtuse,
concave, erect; increased by three scales; corolla moi petalous; tube bell-
6uaped, short ; border bilabiate ; upper lip square, emarginate, flat; to.ver trifid,

divisions.

22 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. OMflS

Sivisions ovate, equal, flat; stamens four subulate erect filaments, the two froijt
ones rather shorter, bent back to the upper lip ; anthers roundish, twin ; the pistil
has an ovate genu; a subulate erect style, the length of the stamens; stigma
bifid, acute, the lower division bent down ; pericarp a coriaceous capsule, rhom-
boidal, compressed, one-celled, two-valved : seed one, large, the. form of the
capsule, constructed of four fleshy folds, germinating. There is only one species,
a native of Jamaica. g

TOMEJCTOSJ. HAIRY.

Mangle laurocerasifoliis flore albo tstrapetalo. Sloane, v., 1, p. 06.
Fo! s Lntegris -oblojigis oppositis^ petiolis crassis brevissitttis sub
amplexaniibus, fioribus racemosis. Browne, p. 263.

Leaves cordate-ovate, tomentose underneath.

This tree agrees mostly with the mangrove, rising not above fifteen or sixteen feet
high ; i;s trunk is; not so large, having a smooth whitish green bark ; and from the steei
are twigs propagating the tree, like the mangrove. The branches at top. 'are jointed
towards the ends here and there, where the leaves come out opposite, eiiTery small
petioles, -two inches and a halflong,. one inch broad in the middle, smooth, soft, hav-
ing one large rib of a dark green colour; the flowers are many at the top of the
branches, white, and tetrapetalous. — Sloane. It varies with acuminate leaves, more
or less hoary underneath. — -Sio. This tree istfrequent near the sea, both in the north
and south-side of Jamaica; and remarkable on account of its cineritious colour, and
the narrow form of its leaves. It grows in a low moist ground, and rises commonly to
the height of til teen or eighteen feet Its capsules are compressed, and somewhat
roundish, but irregular and obliquely lengthened ; and contain each a compressed foli-
-aceous seed, that swells and germinates before it falls. — Brvztme.

Olive, Wild — See Wild Olivb.

ONION. ALLIUM.

Cl. C, on. 1. — Hexandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Spathaccce.
Oen. chak. — See Eschalot, p. 284.

ceVa.
Scape swelling out below, and longer than the columnar leaves.
The common onion, as well as a larger variety, the Portugal or Madeira, thrive very
well in Jamaica, when raised from imported seeds; and have a much milder and sweeter
taste than those brought from Europe or America. The seeds should be sown in a dry
time, when the ground is not moist, but should lie well dug and levelled.

Stallions, which are so generally cultivated in Jamaica, are a kind of onion, which
never form any bulbs at the roots, and are produced from decayed onions that begin to
sprout; but mo>t generally propagated by parting their own roots. The many domestic
purposes to which these useful vegetables are applied are too well known to require
notice here; their nature is to attenuate thick vis< id juices, consequently a plentiful
use of them m cold phlegmatic constitutions must prove beneficial. Many people shun

thee

\

©RANG* HORTUS JAMAICENSI9* £3

them on account of the strong disagreeable smell and taste they communicate to the
breath; which may be remedied, by eating a few raw parsley leaves immediately aftec^
which will effectually overcome the scent, and cause them to sit more easy on the
stomach.

See Eschalot and Oa^uc.

ONOBRYCHIS — See F'tEN'CII HONEYSUCKl.fr

OtuvfiA — Sec Indian Fig.

ORANGE. CITRUS:

Cl; 18, OR. 3. — Polyadelphiaicosandria. Nat. OR. — Bicorr.tSi
GEN. ciiar. — See Citron, p. 196.

AURANTIUW. ORANGE.-

Petioles winged ; leaves acuminate.

Of this there are two varieties, whieh grow plentifully in every pnrt of' Jamaica.

1. China Orange. — Mai us aurantia sinensis. Sloane, v. 2, p. 181.
Fvuctu sphcei rico, punctato, croceo, duici ; petiolis a/atis. Browne,
p. i09.

This is a middle sized tree, evergreen, with a greenish-brown bark, and prickVy
branches, which shoot out upwards into a roundish head ; leaves broad-lanceolate, al-
most quite entire, smooth, dark shining green, standing on. winged petioles; pedun-
cles many- flowered, terminating. Corolla white; stamens twenty, connected into
several parcels. Berry sub-globular, Matted, of a golden colour, shining, odoroofc,
three inches in diameter, divided within into about nine cells, filled with a bladdery
pulp, having a sweet-acid juice in it ; rind fleshy, of a middling thickness*- covered
with a pellicle, which is- somewhat biting and bitter to the taste. This description, from
Loureiro, is particularly applicable to the common China orange, of which there are
several varieties. The agreeable juice of the orange has been found efficacious in
scurvy. When Commodore Anson sailed round the world, his men were sarprisin ;iy
recovered from that disorder, by the oranges they found in the island of Tinian. Tins
fruit varies much in appearance and flavour in different situations, owing most probably
to the- soil; they thrive best in a brick mould soil, and in the Red Hills of St. John's,
which seem particularly congenial to all the orange kindt Mr. Long mentions he bas
seen fruit from a brick mould so exquisitely sweetj- that when it was ripe, the whole
rind was covered by a saccharine farina. There is no doubt that in Jamaica they mi da
be brought to the utmost perfection, were proper care taken to improve them by graft-
ing or transplanting.- .

2. Seville Orange. — Mains aurantia vulgaris major. Sloane, v. 2,
p. 179. h'ructu sphcerico, punctato, croceo, acido ; cortice interiors
spongioso; petiolis alat is. Browne, p. 303.

The Seville orange differs but little in appearance from that of the China, but is

nior;

24 HORTUS JAMAICENSI3. ©raxge

moii.' hardy, and the leaves 'are larger and handsomer ; the fruit is also of a more red-
dish colour and rougher rind. The taste is likewise very different, and not so agree-
able as the other ; but esteemed as far preferable for medical purposes, as a grateful
acid liquor, allayi'ngiieat, quenching thirst, and promoting various excretions, and of
considerable use in inflammatory disorders. It is also considered as a powerful anti-
septic, and of great efficacy in the scurvy. The acid of oranges, by uniting with tin:
bile, is said to take off its bitterness ; and hence l)r Culien thinks it "probable that
acid fruits taken in, are often useful in obviating the disorders that mightarise from the
redundancy of bile, and perhaps from the. acrid quality of it. On the other hand, how-
ever, ii the acids are in greater quantity sham can be properly corrected bv the bile
present, they seem, by some in ion with that fluid, to acquire a purgative quality- that
gives a dii ; rho a and the colic pains that, are ready to accompany the operation of every
purgat;\ .»."' Not only the juice, but the rind of the Seville orange is of considerable
medical efficacy, since, besides its use as a stomachic by itself, or infused with other
bitter ingredients, it has been much-celebrated, in intermitting, fevers; and, in testi-
mony of its efficacy in the most obstinate agues, we find several authorities cited by
professor Murray. It has also been experienced as a powerful remedy iir monorrhagia,
and in immoderate uterine evacuations; and, for its good effects in: these disorders, we
have not only. the. assertions of foreign physicians, but also those of Drs. Why tt-aud
1 iiton. It gives out its flavour and taste readily to water, and is useful in all flatu-
lencies in whatever form it be given; it also sits better on the stomach than most other
corroborants. Toe leaves of the orange are not without their virtues, as well as the
flowers, and, in particular, have been celebrated in convulsive disorders; and have
been succes-fuilv given in the dose of a dra< hm at a time in nervous hysterical cases. —
The young fruit of the .Seville orange dried, is.also used in medicine, under the name
of aunmtia cura-'avevtiu ; they are moderately warm bitter aromatic s, of a sufficiently
agreeable flavour. The flowers of the orange and. citron-kind have been in great es-
teem as a perfume; they are highly odoriferous, of a somewhat warm and bitter taste.
They yield their flavour, by infusion, to rectified spirit, and, in distillation, both to
spirit and water. The bitter matter is dissolved in water, and, on evaporating, the de-
cociion remains entire in the extract. The distilled water was formerly kept in the
shops, but, on account of the great scarcity of the flowers, is now laid aside ; it is called
a/ua iiaphte. An oil distilled from these flowers is brought from Italy, under the name
ol oleum w essentia neroli. Both the distilled water and oil might be manufactured in
greai abundance in this island, and afford a valuable article of export; as they no doubt
would be obtained from the flowers of every species of the citrus. The seeds of all the
species have a pleasant bitterish taste, and would make very good emulsions, which
might be successfully used, when the stomach is weak and languid, and cannot bear
stronger bitters. The juice ol the Seville or sweet orange, with common salt, Labat
n.entions to be usee as a purge in the French islands; and the guts roasted are amatu-
ruting cataplasm. The la.te I)r. M' Vicar Affleck recommended the outer rind of the
Seville orange, infused in a pint of water, and used for common drink, in an over-
flow ing of the menses, or their appearance in the time of pregnancy.
See Citron, Lime, and Shaddock, Trees.

Otaiieite Ai ple — See Rose Apple.

OX-EYE,

•#s- ey» too?. T U S J A ? I A : C E N 3IS. as

OX-EYE. EUPTWALMUM.

Cl. 1?, ' c~. 2. — fyngenesia polygamia mperfua. 'Nat. or. — Comp^slta,

'Gen. chah: — Common calyx imbricate; corolla compound, radiated; hermaphro-
dite stamens five, anthers tubular; fire pistil1 has an ovate «erni, filiform style; stigma
tuiekisli, undivided: female g-Tiu •aru/vpital, ■ sic f liforni, stigmas twa; there is
lib pericarp, the calyx unchaaged: seeds of- the hermaphrodite solitary, oblong,
'Crowned with a gashed manit'ol I edge ; of the females, solitary, compressed, with
each edge cutting, crowned ?l;ks the others; receptacle chaffy, coovex. Gut*
species is a native of Jamaica.

FRITTESCENS. BHRUBBy.

Chrysanthemum frutieosityninaritimum, foliis gJmcis bblnngis, /fore
lutfo. Sleane,< v. I, p. 260 Sub-frutkosuwi inaritimumimxiniait,
Joiiis (nHoTigis, Jloribus sohlurus ad divaricationes ramorum. —
Browne, p. 'i'10.

Leaves opposite, lanceolate; petioles two- toothed ; stem shrubby.
This plant grows near the sea-side, and seldom rises above four feet high, in a tufted
form. Stem whitish, the-size of the little finger; branches towards the top, opposite,
on which the leaves grow in opposite tufis; they are of unequal sizes, some narrow
and long, others broad, the longest about an inch long, they are soft and hoary, hav-
ing a whitish down, and ending in a scarcely discernible prickle. The flowers are pro-
duced at the ends of the branches in large heads, on the outside of which are many
whitish small leaves, inclosing the flowers, which are many, close set together, of a
yellow colour. — Shane. Browne calls it samp/tire, or the sea-side ox-eye. He notice*
three other species ot'.buptJiahuuin, one of which belongs to the genus silphium.

OX-EYE, CREEPING. SILPHIUM.

Cl. 19, OR. 4. — Syngenesia polygamia ncccssaria. Nat. or. — Compositt?.

Gen. CHAR. — Common calyx erect, patent, squarrose ; corolla compound, radiate;
corollets hermaphrodite in the disk, many ; females in the ray, fewer : there is no
pericarp, calyx unchanged ; seed down, margined, two-homed ; receptacle
chaffy j chaffs linear.

TRILOBATU.Nf. THREE-I.OBED.

Chrysanthemum palustrc, repens, minus, odoratum, folio scabro tri-
lobato. Sloane, v. 1, p. 262, t. 155, f. 1. Hirsutum, foliis tri-
lobis, ad basim angustioribus, oppositis; Jloribus solitaries alaribus.
Browne, p. 321.

Leaves opposite, sessile, wedge-form.

Stem jointed, creeping along the ground, at each joint many hairy fibres of a black-
ish- brown colour, with opposite leaves, rough, notched, and smelling aroruatically.—
YW..U, D fa The

*6 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS? fe«H

-Th<? peduncles are axillary, flowers yellow. It grows on the banks of rivers, and in
low marshy lands, creeping to a considerable distance. Browne notices another species
of this genus, hirsutum Join's ablongis subserratis obtusis, Jtonbus minoribus, pedum?- -
sulis geminatis alariius, and botii as species of the bupthcumum.

Ox-Eye Bean — See House-Eye Bean.
Qi»TER Green — See Seaweeds.

Pajomirioba— See Stftncms-WEED*
Palma Chbisti — See Oil-Nut.

PALM-OIL-TREE. ELAAIS.

Cl. 25. — Dioecia hexariiria. NaT. OR. — Palm<t.

This name is derived from the Greek word for an olive, on account of the oiliness o?
die nuts!

Gen. CHAR — Male calyx- a six-leaved perianth ; leaflets concave, upright; corolla.
one-petaled, six-cleft, upright; sharp, length of the calyx ; stamens six filaments,
subulate, length of tne corolla; anthers oblon<r, sharp. Female calyx as in the
male; corolla six-petaled ; pistil an ovate germ ; stigmas three, reflex; pericarp
a fibrous drupe, ovate, somewhat angulated, oily ; seed an ovate nut, obscurely
three-sided,, with three holes, three-valved, one-celled.

GUINEENSIS, GUINEA.

Palma, foliorum pediculis spinosis, fructu pruniforme, lufeo, olemol
Sloane, v. 2, p. 113, t. 214.

Trunk erect, irregular from the stipes of the fronds, which continue a long time,
and are longer the nearer they are to the frond ; fronds pinnate, with a rigid rib fifteen
feet in length, for four feet below the leaflets armed at the edge on both sides with
awl -shaped spines, the uppermost hooked and bowed back, the middle ones straight,
the lowest patulous, and twice as long as the rest : leaflets sword-shaped, a?ute, un-
armed, folded back at the base, a foot and a half long, and an inch broad. After these
have fallen the rigid rib remains sometime, anil resembles a spine. Soadix axillary, a.
foot long, much compressed, erect, divided into fifty branchlets, five inches long,
erect, the thickness of a finger, compactly spiked, imbricate, and irregularly disposed,
with triangular acuminate tips. The branchlets, except the tip, are whollv covered
with small flowers, each having a small roundish bracte at the base, the lowest on each
kranchlet being much larger than the others, with a kuiceoiate point. 1 he flowers-
hare

feOMfiM H0RTU3 ^AMAICF.NSIS, 27

fcave a singular and very strong smell, like anise-se ' ■ >: I vith. chen'il leaves ; fruit
larger than a pigeon's egg ; tue perica black, and reJ, and

so full of oil as to run out on being very slight'y press* I ', with longitudinal

interrupted whitish streaks. — Jacquin.

Sloane describes a head of this tree brought to him from Guinea, as follows : —
"Roundish, about a foot and a half long, and onein diameter. The mlikearqpe,
two inches m diameter, compose i of'Strong brown fibres. From eve v part of the s'te □
issued crooked prickly petioles, about six inches long. Between the pti :kles lay tho
fruit, much less, but in shape and celonr resembtiig a ches'nut; each nut was sur-
rounded by two or three brown scales, and covered with a pulp full )(' oil, of a i affi 1 1
colour, and -smelling like violets ; each nut had a fibrous hilus. Under the oilv pulp
lay a hard brown shell, covered over with fibres, and about the size of a filberd, i:i-
closing a white, hard, lignose, kernel. Of the leaves are made mats ; and wine is got
from a hole cut in -the top. The oil tinges water of a \cllow colour, and soap may be-
made of it."

The palm-tree, from which the oil and wine are got. It i-; from the fruit that thev
get oil ; when they are thorough ripe, there is, between the outward s\in and the
stone, a yellow pulpy sweet substance^ tins pulp turns to a thick oil, like butter, as it
grows old, and of a reddish-yellow colour ; i.lso, the inward kernel turns to oil in the
same manner. It is an excellent suppling oil ; the traders for slaves, when they expose
them for sale, shave them "Very close, and then anoint their bodies, limbs, and joints,
with it, which makes them look smooth, sleek, and young. From the body of the tree
by tapping, and the branches before they have fruit, they get a liquor which is called
palm-wine, and so strong as will inebriate or cause drunkenness.— liar hum, p. 130.

This tree is not so frequent in Jamaica as it deserves, being chiefly cultivated bv the
negroes only. The nu is are covered with an oily pulp; wdien they are roasted, they
taste very much like the outside fat of roasted mutton. The oil is obtained by boiling
the nuts in water, when- the oleaginous particles rise to the surface, and are skimmed
off. and strained for use.

The negroes are fond of this oil, which sometimes makes it an ingredient in their
food ; but they oftener apply it by way of embrocation, for strains, or to discuss rheu-
matic aches, for which purpose it is very efficacious. — Long, p. 740.

PALMETO-ROYAL, or THATCH, TREE. THRINAX.

Cl. 6, OR. 1. — llerandria monogynia. NaT. OR. — Palmte.
■Gen. CHAR. — -Calyx — Spathe universal, compound ; spadix simple, branched, imbri-
cate with proper spathes, in decussated spikes; perianth minute, six-toothed;
no corolla ; stamens six filaments, short, filiform, inserted into the base of the
germ; anthers large, erect, bifid at the base and lop ; the pistil has a half-infe-
rior ovate germ, surrounded by the calyx ; style thickish, short ; stigma widish,
■compressed, retuse, emarginate; the pericarp a one-celled naked berry ; seed a
single kernel, covered with a bony shell. There is only one species, which is a
native of Jamaica.

D 2 FARVlfLOIU.

*8 HORTUS J AM AT C EN SIS: p.u.mktO

PARVIFLORA. SMA1 L-FLOWF.RED.

PzhtiS Brasiliensis primifera folio plicatili sen flabetiiformi caudire-
Cijujmmato. Sloane, v. 2, p. 121. Palmacea, foliis Jlabellifovmi^
bus cum appcndu'iila ad i:num, petiolisie-nuior:bus jlailibus com-
pressis. Browne, p, 19Q.
Trunk from ten to twenty feet high, swelling at the base, unarmed, about six inches
in diameter, of a clay colour. Fronds-terminating, palmate, plaited, from one to two-
feet long, or more, with .here and there prickles ; divisions lanceolate, aerved, and
marked with lines, rigid, almost equal : stipes.tanger tuan the leaves, round- Hatted,
smooth, flexile, unarmed. Spadix terminating, almost upright, two or three feet
long; panicle branched; branches alternate, sub-divided, spreading : branchlets or
spikes decussated, opposite, or in threes ; flowers pedicelled, opposite, or in threes,
placed on the tachis, small, hermaphrodite; berry roundish, the size of a 'small pea,
almost 'priceless; kernel white within, red in the middle. It grows in most of the
honey-comb rocks in the island.

Pal 'mclo- Royal '.—This tree covers whole fields in many parts of the island : it grows
Loth in the rocky lulls, and low moist piains near the sea, but seems to thrive best in
the former. It shoots by a simple stalk, and rises generally from four or five, to ten or
fourteen,- feet in height. It is always furnished with leaves of the form of a fan, sus-
tained by slender compressed footstalks, and bears a great abundance of small berries,
which serve to feed both the birds and beasts of firewood, when tiny are in season.—
The. trunk seldom exceeds four or five inches in-diameters it is called the iEaUhpole,
?md i> much used for piles in wharfs, and other buildings made in the sea ; for it has
been observed to stand the water very well, and is never corroded or touched by the
worms. The footstalks of the leaves are very tjugh, and serve {when split and paved)
to make baskets, bowstrings, ropes, and a tliousand other conveniencies, whore-
strength and. toughness is required. The leaves are called thatch, and are dailv used
as such, and found to stand the weather for many years. — lirounc.

PALMETO, SMALLER. CHAM,£ROPS.

CL. 23, OR. 2. — Polygamia dioccia. Nat. or. — Palnitr.

This generic name is derived from two Greek ..orJs signifying low shrub.

€>fn. chak — Hermaphrodite calyx — universal snathe compressed, bifid; spadix
branching ; proper perianth tripartite, very small ; corolla tripartite ; petals ovate,
coriaceous, erect, acute, inflected at the tip; stamens six filaments, subulate-
compressed, scares cohering at the base ; anthers linear, twLn,-growing to the in-
terior side of the filaments ; the pistiUius three .roundish germs ; stvles as many...
distinct, permanent; stigmas acute; the. pericarp three drupes, globose, unilo-
cular; seeds solitary, globose Male on a distinct plant, flowering in the same ■
manner — cal) x anu corolla as in t(ie hermaphrodite; stamens, a gibbous recep-
tacle, ending. in six. -filaments, not m irked bj perforations j the rest as in the her-
maphrodite. . One specie* u a native of Jamaica,

BPMIMfr

Pamc HOBTTJS JAMAICENSI'S. £3

lil'MILIS. HUMBLE.

pulma ir>i spinosa humilisfrvctu racemoso pruniformi, minima phi
Sloane, v. 2, p. IIS. Acaulis, fotiis fiabelliformi-
bus maxim petiolii nitidis rotundisy spiv-is br&vioribuspartialibus.
Browne, p. 2jU.

Leaves fan-1-!! ped, very large ; stipes smooth.

This plant is very frequ i ■> lamaica, particularly about the Crescent, and is often
■nsed forth.au-.., though not s good as the other leaves commonly employed for that
purpose. I h . io talks are exa tly like.so many joints of well grown walking canes,
both in shape and si se ; but they soon v. ther an I shrivel up. The berries are sweet,
and much fed upon by birds; — Si o me fhis is known by slie name oifan-palm.

The spadix-is amentaceo ■ aotl in. ricated. The 'flowers are- sessile, ranged in a
special or Icr round the i le rising iroui each squama, which squama is semi-

circular, carnose, and pi i tin . f a small Aoscule or depression : In some of

the floscules I observed tw -s ; no pri per perianth is tripbyllous, made up of

three subtriquetrous concave col ired 1 ..\ s, shorter than the corolla, which consists
of three orate. petals, placed alu nate with feLe leaves oi the cup. The germ is com-
pressed and su Urigoua , rising ivith a narrow base, ;;iid widening to the top, on which
are placed six snort subulated filaments ; the anthers iarge, erect, sagittatcd; there is
CoMyie, the stigma is trigonal, the top oi the germ is- excavated. — A, Rubinsou.

PANIC GRASS. - PANICUM.

Cl: 3, or. 2. — Triandi ia digynia. Nat. or. — Gramin.r.

Genvchar. — Calyx a two-flowered, two-valved glume; valves sub-ovate, nerved;
the- outer valve a little lower, very small ; one floret hermaphrodite, the other
neuter or male : corolla of the hermaphrodite a two-valved glume ; the outer valve
(in the bosom of the smaller calycine valve) flatfish, nerved ; the inner membra-
naceous, flat, with the edges bent in ; often small, or very small ; nectary two-
leaved, very small, gibbous; in tbe neuter florets none ; stamens three capillary
filaments; anthers oblong; the neuter florets have no stamens ; the pistil, in the
hermaphrodites, has a roundish germ, two capillary styles ; stigmas feathered, in
the neuters none; there is no pericarp ; the corolla adheres to the seed wthout'
opening; seed one, covered, roundish, flattish on one side. Twenty-one species-
ot this numerous genus have been found in Jamaica.

The folio-wing species are spiked":

1. SETOSUM. BRISTLY.

Spikes compound ; spikelets panicle-fascicled ; bristles mixed with the florets
and very long ; peduncles almost smooth.

Height from two to four feet; culm simple, erect, round, smooth, leafy ; leaves
half a foot long, lanceolate, flat, e.itire, pubescent ; sheaths embracing the culm,
villose at the neck ; spike terminating, compound, a foot long, composedof panicle-
fascicled racemes, bajf an inch in length j rachis flexuose, bristly; spikelets two to

four^,

60 IIORTU3 JAMAICENSIS, fc*N*C

faiui\ clustered, pedicelled, tmequal, mixed with bristles, green ; bristles several
times as long as the florets, from one to three, inserted into the base, fle.Miose, ap-
pearing hispid when magnified, serrate. Pedicels very short and smooth; inner.v Ive
of the calyx larger, ovate, acute, keeled; coralline valves of the hermaphrodite equal,
whitish ; outer ovate, acute, ■somewhat keeled, concave, the other flat, included. —
Filaments very minute. Corolline valves of i..e male barren ; outer large, ovate, acute,
concave ; inner minute, flat. Seed ovate, inclosed in the corolline giuriies 61 the her-
maphrodites ; the smaller florets mixed with the others are commonly empty ; it ap-
proaches near to P. Italkum, but in that tiie spikelets are glomerate, on hirsute pe-
dicels.— ,5V.

2, COLONUSf.

Granicn pafiiceum minimum hum i stratum, spira dii'isa mittica, folii$
varicgatis. Sloane, v. J, p. 107, t. Gi, t. 3.

Spikes alternate, directed one way, awnless, ovate, rugged; rachis roundish.

Roots thready, annual; culms a span high, round, ascending, reddish, jointed,
with a leaf at every joint ; leaves even, broad, ferruginous spotted, which spots vanish
when they are dry. -Spike simple, directed one way, with a round weak rachis; spike-
lets alternate, very man v, suo-sessile, directed oneway, ovate, or somewhat oblong,
without any bundles of hairs. -Florets somewhat streaked ; anthers purple; pistils
white, turning purple. It grows in the-savannas about Spanish Town.

3. BRIZOIDF.S. BR1ZA-LIKE.

Spikes alternate, sessile, directed one way ; two of the calycine valves much
shorter than the corolla, and retuse, the third the same length with the
corolla.

Culm from one to three feet high, simple, round, wen; leaves broadish, not long,
acute, erect, rugged at the edge, striated, sheathing at the base ; the neck beardless ;
rachis terminating, almost a foot long, simple, linear. Spikes five or six, alternate,
sessile, pressed to the rachis, directed one way ; florets sub-sessile, approximating, in
two rows on the same side, ovate, whitish. Two valves of the calyx equal, ovate,
blunt, awnless; the third very small, roundish; valves of the corolla smaller, oblong;
etignias purple; seed fastened to the corolla, roundish — &8).

4. P1LOSUM. HAIRY.

Spikes panicled, alternate, directed one way ; spikelets rn pairs, one smaller,
acuminate, even ; rachis compressed, hairy ; culm divaricate, jointed.
Culm three or four feet high, branched, compressed, even; joints villose, large;
leaves lanceolate, acute, even, rugged at the edge. Sheaths approximating, com-
pressed, villose at the base ; peduncles from the sheathing internodes, compressed,
short. Spikes rigid ; rachis linear, compressed, hairy; hairs long, thin, spreading;
spikelets pedicelled, alternate, sharpish, somewhat cempressed, striated. Outer caly-
cine valve minute; inner ovate, nerved, concave; valves of the corolla ovate, very
tender; anthers purplish ; stigmas whitish ; seed oblong, compressed a little, small;
glume of the neuter corolla two-valved; outer valve larger, concave; inner very mi-
nute, flat; filaments none. Native of Jamaica in woody mountainous pastures. — Sw.

6. FASCICni^Tl'S,

Van]* IhTORTUS JAMAICENSIS: H

5. FASCICUI.ATUM. FASCICLED.

Spikes panicled, alternate, erect, sub-fastigiate ; spikelets directed one way,
roundish.
Height two or three feet; culm jointed, erect, round, leafy, smooth; leaves a foot
long, rounded at the base, broad-lanceolate, acute, streaked longitudinally, rough at
the edge ; sheath ; long, striated, smooth, sub-villo.se at the edge and neck. Spikes
terminating, half a foot-long, sub- verticillate ; racfiis sub-rlexuose, stiff, rough. — ■-
Florets roundish or ovate, small, brown; pedicels sub-binorous, the upper ones one-
flowered, capillary, somewhat hirsute. Outer vaive of the calyx one-third the size o£
the other; inner ovate, concave, marked with iongituciinal lines, appearing netted
when magnified, fen ugin -us brown. Valves ot tiie hermaphrodite corolla ovate, whit-
ish, one smaller inciuuk-d ; stigmas whitish ; male corolla empty ; outer valve like the
inner valve of the calyx-; inner smaller, whitish, ovate, Native of Jamaica- in low
grassy places. — Sw.

6. UNEARE, L1NF.AR,

Crainen dactylon, panicula longa, spin's plurimis gracilioribus et
Ivngis. Sloane, v. 1, p. 113, t. 70, f. 3.

Spikes digitate, in fours, or thereabouts, linear ; floret* solitary, directed one

way, awnless.

Culms a foot and a half long, even, branched ; spikes divided into many spikelets

•towards the top, which are linear, straight, narrow ; flowers alternate below ; outer

scale of the calyx shorter, spreading, adhering to the rachis. Native of Jamaica ia

most savannas.

The following species are panicled. •

7. NEMOROSUM. WOOD.

Panicle simple ; branches distant, erect ; florets remote, scattered, ovate, acu-
minate ; culm decumbent, jointed ; sheaths and neck hairy.

Height from one to two feet ; roots and radicles very long, filiform i culm creeping
at the base, ascending, somewhat branched, rooting at the joints, round, striated,
pubescent or smooth, loose. Branches, from the sheaths of the leaves, somewhat hir-
sute. Leaves distich, obliquely elliptic at the base, unequal on the sides, terminated
by a lanceolate point, quite entire, sontewhat waved, very thin, and very finely streaked,
smooth underneath, hairy above. Sheaths at the joints short, open in front, striated^
hirsute, hairy at the neck ; knots rather large,.- villose with white hairs. Panicles
small, erect, with terminating and axillary peduncles ; branches short, few-flo.vered ;
florets pedicelled, small, green. The two valves. of the -calyx are oblong, nearly equal,
a »iedatthe tip; the two valves of the corolla, in the hermaphrodite flower, are oblong,
b.unt, whitish, one of them smaller and included. Anthers pale; styles rather long;
stigmas feathered, whitish. In the male flower the outer vaive is ovate, acute, concave,
and includes the inner, which is smaller, ovate-acute, and more tender; anthers pur-
ple.— Sw.

8. ACUMINATUM. ACUMINATE.

Panicles simple, shorter than the leaves; branches capillary, diffused; spikelets
remote, ob-ovate ; culm decumbent, jointed, branched ; leaves lanceolate-
subulate, erect;, sheaths villose.

Height

S3 KOT.TUS JAM A I C EX SIS. -%««

Height^a span; culm creeping, but, in a fertile soil, erect, round, forrrcntose;
Israneliiets ascending, short, abput an inch in length, leafy, sheathe:!, joi.iteJ, to-
montbse-hirsute ; leaves half-embracing, short, broad-lanceolate, entire, acuminate,
fl '. <• tre qejy hirsute at the e3ge, soft ; deaths small, roughPhaired, with the hgule
hirsute. Panicles si all, very shut ; racemelet&'simple; florets sin;';, ovate, obtuse,
on short waived pedicels; Inner calycine valve ovate, •concave, striated, rough-haired-;
< ter miiuue. Valves of the hermaphrodite corolla ovate; filaments the length of the
glumes; anthers purple; stigmas nllo»o, dark purple, short; seed oblong, shining.
In the ma !e or neuter floret, the outer valve is like the inner calyeihe valve, ovate,
sir ated ; the inner is very small, flat, whitish. Native of. Jamaica in sandy fields in the
mountains. — 5'asc,

9. P.ICF.N'S. STIFF-PANICLED.

Panicle simple, rigid, spreading; culm branched, decumbent;* leaves hori-
zontal, ■rugged.

Culm a foot high and, more, decumbent, creeping a little, branched, jointed,
sheathed, round, striated, smoodi ; sheaths at the base ot.the branches elongated, em-
bracing, striated, smooth; branchiets ascending, filiform, strict,' sub-divided, she, the d,
leafy, round. Leaves half-embracing, lanceolate, broadish, an inch long, acuminate,
•rigid, striated, somewhat rugged to the touch ;- panicle small, oblong, composed of
racemelets, which are alternate, distant^ sub-divided, capillary) short, rugged; flo-
rets remote, ovate, minute; valves of the calyx almost erjual, ovate, obtuse, concave,
rigid, streaked with purple. Glumes of -the corolla,- hi the hermaphrodite florets, a
little less than those of the calyx, 'more .slender, whitish; filaments short; anthers
ovate, longisli, bifid, vertical, whitish yellow. ! Styles longer than the glumes ; stigmas
villose, long, recurved, whitish; seed roundish, shining, very minute. In the neuter
floret, die outer valve of the corolla is ovate and striated, the same size with the inner
glume of ■ the calyx; the inner valve is tender, lessy whitish. This grass is distin-
guished by its rigidity ; it.giows in high mountains, with cpludu zeugitcs — (see moun-
tain reed grass.) — &g>.

■ 1®. FUSCtJM. ■ BROWN.

Panicle simple; branches erect ; florets directed oneway in pairs, one on -a
shorter pedicel ; culm erect, sub- divided; leaves broad -lanceolate.

Height from one to two feet ; culm jointed, round, pubescent; leaves retuse, tmd
• obi, que at the base, entire, smooth, striated, three or four inches long ; sheaths long,
with a contracted Iigule, appearing somewhat hirsute when magnified. Panicles pe-
duncled, an inch and more in length ; peduncles long, filiform ; florets brownish
green, ovate ; pedicels now and then two-flowered ; outer valve of the calyx less, inner
ovate; valves of • the corolla ovate-obtuse, whitish; anthers whitish ; seed ovate, in-
closed in the glumes. Outer valve of the corolla in the male or neuter flower very like
the inner \ul\e of the calyx; inner small, ovate, flat, more tender, whitish. — Sw.

f 1 . LAXUM. LOOSE.

Panicle simple, nodding ; branches capillary ; spikelets approximating, alter*
nate, pressed close ; culms simple, filiform, flaccid ; leaves linear-lanceolate.
Height from two to four feet ; culm sub-divided, compressed a little, striated, even ;
Wives Wiated, even, spreading ; sheaths close, even. Branches oi" the panicle sub-
divided,

»AKfc TIORTDS JAMAICENSIS. S3

divided, spreading, almost upright, flexuose; florets very minute, pedicelled, pressed
■close, approximating, ovate, bright green. Outer valve of the calyx less by half;
inner a little larger ; all ovate-acute, concave, striated, bluntly keeled at the edge,
appearing ciliate when magnified. Valves of the corolla in the hermaphrodite floret
equal, less than the calycine glumes, ovate, concave. Filaments very short, anthers
yellowish; stigmas blood-red; seed roundish, shining, extremely small. In the
neuter" floret the outer valve resembles that of the calyx. Native of Jamaica in dry
woods, flowering at the end of the year. — Sw.

12. FfcAVESCENS. YELLOW.

Panicle simple, erect, stiff; branches snb-fasti^iate, the lowest opposite;
spikelets approximating, directed one way; pedicels two-flowered.
Height three or four feet ; culm simple, erect, round, at top compressed and pu-
bescent; leaves long, wide, flat, entire, striated, spreading, even; sheaths close,
somewhat rough-haired-; branches of the panicle simple, alternate, spreading, the
lowest somewhat compressed, even. Florets pressed to the racbis, ovate, blunt,
smooth, yeliow; pedicels equal ; outer valve of the calyx only one-third the size of
the inner one ; both ovate, obtuse, concave, striated, pellucid; valves of the herma-
phrodite corolla ovate, concave. Filaments short; anthers small, purple; stigmas
villose, blood-red, seed oblong, shining, yellow. Outer valve of the outer floret
concave, ovate, striated; inner flat, more tender, whitish. This species is singular
in the colour, being constantly yellow, which, is not the case in the rest: it occurs, but
rarely, in dry places in tiie southern parts of Jamaica. — Sw.

13. DIFFUSUM. DIFFUSED.

Cranttn miliacemn majus, pankula minus sparsa, locust is minimis.
Sioane, v. 1, p. 114, t. 72, f. I.

Parvcle somewhat simple, capillary, spreading; spikelets distant; culm decum-
bent, simple.; leaves linear, hairy at the neck.

Culm afoot, sometimes two, in height, ascending, filiform, round, leafv, smooth;
leaves long, sharp, erect; sheaths striated, villose at the neck and throat ; knots pur-
ple; branches of the panicle alternate, flexuose, somewhat rigid. Florets rather dis-
£a it, pedicelled, ovate, acute, smooth; outer less by half than the other. Glumes
of the hermaphrodite corolla equal, less than the calyx, pellucid, whitish; anthers
purple; stigmas villose, blood-red; seeds roundish, yellow, shining. In the male
•fl >ret outer valve ovate, acute, smooth; inner minute, flat, whitish; filaments one to
. Unec, minute, barren; common in dry paces.

14. OKYZOIDES. RICE-I.'KE.

Panicle almost simple ; branches erect ; florets somewhat remote, ovate-acute;

culm erect, undivided; leaves broad- lanceolate, rounded at the base;

sheaths even.

Culm three or four feet high, round, leafy, smooth ; leaves a span long, entire,

longitudinally striated, smooth; sheaths more contracted; panicle a foot long;

branches alternate, stiffer, angular, sub-flexuose, smooth; spikelets large, smooth,

pedicelled, commonly in pairs, one shorter than the other. Outer valve of the calyx

.larger but shorter, wide, acute, slightly keeled; inner a little longer, ovate, keeled,

UQU II. £ striated.

5V IIOILTUS JAMAICENSIS; PAKI*

striate;L Corolla pale, outer valve ovate, acute, including the inner, which is smaller
and flattisb ; anthers pale, seeming barren ; style bifid ; stigmas longer, pale purple;
valve of the male fcorolle.t -larger, acute, green; inner a little less, ovate, acute,
whitish ; anthers purple; seel in the hermaphrodite floret inclosed in the valves, which
are hardened, yellow, and shining. It is distinguished by the spikelets being much
larger tnan in any of the species.. Native of Jamaica, ia mountain woods, in the.
southern parts. — Ja'.

15. FALLEN*. TALE.

Panicle compound, ovate; branches clustered, erect; spikelets ovate, subu*
late; culm. sub-divided, jointed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate; sheaths cjdiate on
the neck and at the edge.

Culm from one to two feet high, round, leafy, sub-divided at the joints, grooved,
striate i ; knots larger, approximating, brown ; leaves oblique at the base, acuminate,!
slightly keeled, entire, longitudinally striated, smooth ; sheaths rather large, often
ventricose, striated. Peduncles from the upper sheaths, filiform, long, very loose;
branches of the panicle clustered in form of a thyrse ; spikelets pedicelled, approxi-
mating, erect, pale green,, smaller; inner valve of the calyx ovate- lanceolate, acu-
minate; outer three times smaller, ovate, acute. Valves of the corolla in the herma-
phrodite florets. minute, ovate, shining, whitish,., hardish, one a little less, the other
included ;. filaments very minute, anthers purple ; style bifid, stigmas purple; seetl
oblong, whitish, shining. In the male or neuter floret, the valves of the corolla almost
equal, lanceolate; outer greener ; inner more tender, involved in the outer. Native
of Jamaica among other grass in woods. — S'ztt.

16. LANATUM. WOOLLY.

Panicle compound, erect, smooth; spikelets ovate; culm branched; leaves
ovate-lanceolate, pubescent; sheaths- Ian uginose, hirsute.

Culm a fathom in height at most, round, pubescent ; branches divaricating, leafy,
hirsute; leaves acuminate, half a foot long, spreading, striated, lanuginose-hirsute,
soft ; six-aths open in front, very hirsute ; knots larger. Panicles half a foot-long, with
spreading, flexuose, smooth, branches; spikelets smooth, larger, remote, on capil-i
lary pedicels. Outer valve of the calyx less by half, ovate, obtuse, villose at top ;
inner larger, ovate, striated, concave, slightly keeled, villose at the top. Valves of
the corolla in the hermaphrodite floret ovate, paler ; anthers purple ; seed inclosed by
the yellow indurated valves of the corolla, ovate on one side, flat on the other. In the
corolla of the male, or neuter floret, the outer valve is larger, concave, ovate, acute^
smooth, keeled; inner flat, less, more tender. — ore.

17. ARUNDINACEUM. REEDY.

Panicle compound, spreading; branches and branchlets stiff, capillary; spike-
lets roundish ; culm sub-divided, jointed ; leaves broad-lanceolate, acuminate,
rigid.

Culm a fathom in height, erect, round, leafy, smooth. Leaves ovate at the base,
erect, longitudinally nerved, striated, smooth ; sheaths close, with the neck contractej
and villose, striated, long ; knots small, with a black ring. Panicle erect, dense ^
branched.-; I "mi lies and branchlets capillary, strict; spikelets small, numerous, pedi-
celled, pale green. Valves of the calyx almost equal, convex, ovate, striated, green ;

•kkw rortus jamaicens'isk s?

euter ciliate at top, even when ripe, villose; the other smooth. Valves of the corolla
v.i the hermaphrodite floret ovate, yellow, shining ; anthi rs whitish ; stigmas very mi-
kute, viiiose, whitish; seed white, shining; in the male, valves less, ovate, yellow;,
one less than the other ; filaments two or tiiree, with very minute anthers. Native of
Juuiuica in the high mountains near Coldspring, iii St. Andrew's parish. — i'w.

18. GLUTMNOSUM. GLUTINOUS.

Grainen miliaceum, sylvatkum, maximum, semine albo. Sloane, v.
I, p 114, t 71, f. 3. Silvestris ramosa tenuis panicula laxa. — ■
Browne, p. 138.
Panicle compound, spreading ; branches flexuosc ; spikelets pedicelled, distant,
glutinous; culm erect, simple; leaves broader.

Culm three or four feet high, hollow, smooth, ieafy; leaves broad-lanceolate, an
inch in breadth, more than a foot in length, acuminate, erect, rounded at the base,
hairy, ciliate at the edge, marked with lines, smooth, somewhat rugged underneath ;
i faths long, close, smooth, contr :d al the neck ■; ligule villose. Panicle almost a
{■ it long, erect; branches in a sort of -whorl, scattered, villose at the base, spreading,
sub-divided, son. what rigid; the last capillary; spikelets roundish, larger, shining,
on flexuose capillary pedicels. Valves of the calyx equal, ovate, blunt, smooth, glu-
tinous; valves of the-corolla in the bermaplrrodite floret smaller, whitish; filaments
capillary, whitish; anthers purple; stigmas hairy, purple; seed roundish, bardish,
w.i.te, shining. Outer valve of the corolla in the neuti r floret, ovate, obtuse, smooth ;
in ler smaller, and more tender. Native ol Jamaica in the southern part:-, in the woods
qf the highest ni iiintaitis. It is called ginger {trass, on account of the width of the
leaves. Thegr at clamminess of. the spikelets, whence its trivial name, is peculiar to
this species. — >:;'. 1J; iwne calls it the large millet reed. He says it is common in the
woods, rising b- its slender branching stalks six or seven feet, and generally supported
by neighbouring hushes : . it is a hearty and agreeable fodder for all kinds of cattle.

"19. TRICHOIDRS. HAIR-LIKE.

€Gramen miliaceum riiidefoHis lot is bi evibtts, panicula capp'Uacca,
semine a. bo. Sloane, v. 1, p. 113, t. 72, f. 3. Sylvaticus minor,
panicula sparsa, jvliis brevioribus lanccolato-o-jatis. Browne, p.

„, ooG.

Panicle very much branched, spreading; branches and branchlets sub-divided,
capillar',* ; culm declined, jointed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, very smooth.

Culm one or two fe^t high, sometimes rooting, sub-divided at the base, loose,
round, smooth, leafy; knots approximating, smooth; leaves acute, rounded, and
oblique at the base, entire, spreading, striated; sheaths close, longitudinally striated,
ciliate; ligule open, hairy. Panicles erect, often from the bosom of the upper leaf,
as from a spathe ; branches in alternate clusters, multifariously sub-divided, spreading
very much, so fine that toe extreme ones are scarcely visible; spikelets distinct, pedi-
celled, very minute, oolong, green. Outer valve of the calyx very small ; inner ovate,
scarcely sharp, striated a little. Valves of the corolla, in the hermaphrodite floret,
equal, ovate; anthers whitish; stigmas feathered, pale; seed oblong, shining, very
minute. Outer valve of the corolla, in the male or neuter floret, ovate-acute; inner
auiuute, white, flattioh. This is Linneus' species brevij'olium, triehoides .is more des-

£ 2 criptive

33 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. mAt*

criptive of the panicle in this species. Browne calls this smaller wood-grass, very com-
mon in the woods of Jamaica, agreeing with Guinea grass in Use arrangement and
formation of the flowers. The stalk and leaves are excellent fodder for all sorts of.
cattle, and the seeds feed the smaller sorts of birds.

20. DIVARICATUM. DIVARICATE.

Panicles short, awnless ; culm very much branched,,and extremely divaricating},
peaicels two-flowered, one shorter.

See Scotch Grass.

PAPAW TREE. CARICA.

Cl. 22, or. 9. — Dioecia decandria (polygamic!.-) , Nat. or. — Tricocae.

Gen. char. — Male calyx scarce manifest; it has, however, five very short sharp
teeth ; corolla monopetalous, funnel-form ; tube slender, very long, gradually
slenderer downwards; border five-parted, divisions lanceolate-linear, obtuse,
obliquely and spirally revolwte ; the stamens are ten filaments, in the top of the
tube of the corolla; the five alternate ones inferior; anthers oblong, fixed to the
filaments on the inner side. The female, or rather hermaphrodite — calyx a very
small five-toothed perianth, permanent; teeth ovate-acute, spreading; corolla
five-parted, parts lanceolate, sharp, erect, below the middle, but reflected and
twisted above ; stamens ten filaments, five alternate, shorter, subulate, all united
by a membrane at the base ; anthers ovate, erect, two-vatved, fertile ; germ ovate,
ito style ; stigmas three or five, broad, flat, expanding, multifid ; segments very
short, blunt ; the pericarp a very large berry, anguh.ted with three or five fur-
rows, unilocular, fleshy ; seeds numerous, ovate, green, very smooth, tunjeatedj
nestling in the middle of the berry. There are two species, both natives of
Jamaica.

1. PAPAYA. PAPAW.

Papaya major, flore et fructu majoriinis pediculis curtis insidentibus.
S-ioane, v. 2, p. 164. Fronde comosa, Joliis ycltato lobatis, lobis
varie sinuatis, Browne, p. 360.
Lobes of the leaves sinuated.

This tree rises with a thick soft herbaceous stem, to the height of eighteen or twenty
feet, naked till within two or three feet of the top, and having marks of the fallen
leaves most part of its length. The leaves come out on every side, upon very long;
footstalks. Those which are situated undermost are almost horizontal, but those on the
top are erect ; these leaves in full grown plants are very large, and divided into many
lobes deeply sinuated The stems of the plant, and also the footstalks of the leaves,,
are hollow. The flowers of the male plant are produced from between the leaves, on
the upper part of the plant. They have footstalks near two feet long ; at the end of
which the flowers stand in loose clusters, each having a seperate short footstalk : these
eie of a pure white, and have an agreeable odour : they are sometimes, but not often,

succeeded

papa* HOltTUS JAMAICEN^IS €7

succeeded by small fruit'* The flowers of the,icrna!e papaya also come out from be-
tween the leaves, towards the upper part of the plant, upon very short footstalks, sit-
ting, close to the stem : they are large and bell shaped, composed of six petals,
and are commonly yellow ; when these fall away, the germen swells to a large fleshy
fruit, of the size oi a small melon. These fruits arc of different for ns : some angular,
and compress 'I at both ends; others oval, or globular; and some pyramidal. The
fruit, as well as the whole plant, abounds with a milky acrid juice, which is esteemed
good for the ringworm ; the stem and footstalks arc- hollow in the middle; and of so
Boft a substance that the stroke of an axe would cm tnrough the body. The leaves are
used b) negroes for washing oznaburg clothes. The fruit, when ripe, has a pleasant
juicy flavour, and frequently eaten like musk melons, t A'hii h it is inferior in flavour,
w th pepper, sugar, and salt. In a green state they'mak* a ;ood pickle >)r preserve.
It is easily propagated by seeds aim laser-, and aln ws wild in Jamaica. The

se ds have a sharp biting taste, much like that of n ustard, and ate said to bring away
worms in children. 1 lie tree lives but a Few year-, and never shoots into branches un-
less broken. Water impregnated wtth the miiky juice makes ail sons of meat washed
in it tender, but eight or ten minute s steeping will make it so sot; that ii will drop to
pieces from the spil before it is roasted, or turn to rags in boilirrg. If the meat be
rubbed with the juice, it is said Lo have the i ne effect, and for these pi rposes the
juice of the wild papaw, the prosoposa, has been found much mor< powerful than the
other. Mr. Antho.n Robinson observes, that having one daj eat heartily at dinner, he
took as a desert, by way of curiosity, one oi the wild papaws, and, in the space of an
hour, the sensation of fuliness was entirely go ic which he imputed to the quick :iges-
tion caused by the dissolvent nature of this fruit, lie was Informed that the Spaniards
used the papaya as a cure for dry belly-ache, by eating the seeds and all the pulpy p 1 1,
and supposed die cure was effected by its power in dissolving- the tuick viscous juice,
which lines the inside of the bowels in that disorder.

The male and female trees may be propagated by layers. They grow wild in most
parts of tne island. Tne long mango papaw makes a pickle little interior to the F^st
India mango. The rounder fruit, when ripe, is boiled and eaten with a y ki'id of
fleali meat, and is looked upon as perfectly wholesome ; but eaten raw it contains an
acrid juice, very injurious to the intestines ; and so penetrating is this fluid in. the
green unriptWruit, that, boiled with the hardest salt meat, it will render it perfectly
soft and tender, t It is said to cause the like effect on hogs, wiio, if fed with it for any
considerable time, are subject to have their guts excoriated with its acrimony.

The green fruit, thoroughly boiled, squeezed, and dulcified, with a little sugar and
lemon juice, is frequent!) used as a substitute for apples in sauce and tarts, and re-
sembles them so exactly in tast« as scarcely to be distinguished.

The negroes are possessed with an opinion of the good or bad qualities of particular
trees, when planted near any habitation, as to the effects their neighbourhood may oc-
casion to the inhabitants. This opinion seems to be well founded ; for as trees, (espe-
cially in this climate) have a very extensive atmosphere, and diffuse a fragrant or disa-
greeable

• There have been instances of male anJ female flowers produced on one plant. Dr. Hill mentions having
Been this in Loi-f! Pctres stoTe in England. Dr. Mart} n notices that there is frequently small fn; t en the
male trees, and the ■.teas from the female fruit of lives, that had'no male trees in the stove with them, grew
a? weil as any other.

< To tkUact the corrosive juice they should tie soaned for some time in salt and water.

S3 KORTUS JAMAI CENSUS. t.nsVF.v

greeable odour to a great distance around them, so it is highly probable, that these
effi u via are impregnated with some of the more essential properties of the treefrom
\vhich they arc respired ; and thus may have a consequence to health, similar to the
breath of a diseased person, or the vapour of a perfumed substance. There may also
be salutary or noxious qualities in the atmosphere of some, when the particles are so
subtle as not to be distinguished by the olfactory sense. The smeil of-the-manchioTvefel
fruit has something in it which induces a -sensation <;!' faintness amtlanyour. The scent
emitted from the oppoponax wood, and roots fresh cut, is exquisitely cadaverous arid
loathsome. The secret agency of tii :se effluvia of trees and plants may ha^e a more
powerful influence upon human health than many are aware of

The negroes suppose that the papaw tree^ are very conducive to render the air
healthv, and therefore plant theim near their houses. The blossoms-are extremely
odoriferous, and the trunks so succulent, and growth-so qui; k, that they possibly assist
to drain the soil where they are plaited of superfhiou;; moisture. 'These properties,
exclusive of any other, may serve to correct tlie air in certain situalions. The full
grown papaws, as well as the plantain trees, seem to be good natural conductors of
lightning, from the redundancy of aqueous sap which thej oontatn — Long.

2. FROSOPOSA. DWARF.

Papaya minor, Jiort et fructu minoribtis ped'eulis curl's (et lengis)
insuicntibus. Sloane, v. 2, p. 16c. Sylveshtis minoK, lobis miuus
divisis, caule spinis inermikus opposite. Brovuie, p. 3l0.

Lobes of the leaves entire.
This differs from the other, in being mueh^snraller in every respect, seldom rising
above four or five-feet hjgh, and growing wild in many parts of Jamaica. !t likewise
differs in having a branching stem, the lobes or divisions of the leaves entire, and the
fruit being of a globose form, seldom more than three h ches in diameter, ami termin-
ating in a small short prominence. It is marked at both ends with divers shoii leep
furrows; its colour a pale ye'llow both within and without ; the taste sweet, with a
grateful bitterness intermixed. The seeds are rugged, and of a deep purple colour,
in form like those of the common papaw, enveloped in a viscous juice, and inclosed in
a thin transparent membrane, the pulpy part is very thin ; they are endued with a pep-
perine taste ; and the fruit has much the same qualities as the other.

Papaw Wei-d — See Beluy-Ache Weed.
Parrot Gum— See Gum Tree.
Parrot Weed — See Celandine.
Tarrot Wood — Sec Cloven Berries.

PARSLEY. APIUM.

Gl. 5, OR. 2. — Pentandria digj/n'a. NaT. O'i. — Umhellafa.
t)F,N. CHAR. — Calyx — universal umbel of fewer rays ; partial of more : corolla — uni.
versal ensiform ; Hoscules almost all fertile ; proper petals roundish-; stamens sim-
ple filaments, witli roundish anthers ; pistil, genu inferior, styles reflex, stigmas
obtuse; no pericarp; fruit ovate, striated, splitting in two; seeds two, ovate,

.striated

PASsrcM noHTUS .TAMAICENSIS. $9

striated on one side, plane on the other. There are two species, natives of Europe,
both of which have been introduced, and have thriven well in Jamaica.

1. PETROSELINUM. PARSLEY.

Stem-leaflets linear; invalucels minute.

The stems- of parsley or smallage are round, smooth, striated. Usually there is onr:
leaflet at the origin of the universal umbel, and an involucre of six t'o eight foliof s,
fine almost as hairs, at the partial umbel. Flowers pale yellow, regular; petals small*
long, narrow, acuminate, in flex ; seed- short, turgid. There are several varieties, hut
the curled is thought the best.

The roots and seeds of the petroselinum are used in medicine. The root of parsley
is thought to-be aperient, and, in this intention, is sometimes made an ingredient i:i
apozems and diet-drink : if liberally used, it is apt to-occasion flatulencies ; and thus,
by distending the viscera, producing a contrary effect to that i iten led by it : the ta^ce
of this root is so uewhat sweetish, with a light degree of warmth and aromatic It ivour.
The seeds are warmer and more aromatic, and are an ingredient in the electuary of
lMybcrnes. The roots of smallage are also in the number if apt ri nt roots, a I have
been sometimes prescribed as an ingredient in aperient a lozems and diet drinks, but
are at present disregarded. The seeds of the plant are m > ler ,itei\ aromati , . n were
formerly used as carminatives ; in whifch intention they are loubtless capable o ioing
service, though che other warm seeds, -which -the shops are furnished with, are pre-
ferred. Besides its medicinal virtues, parsley is reckoned an effectual cure for the tot
in sheep, provided they are fed with it for two or three hours each time, twice a week.
Hares and rabbits are very fond of this herb.

2. GRATBOtENS. STRONG-SCENTETV'

Celery has a smooth shining stem, deeply furrowed ; leaves alternate, radical, pin-
nated, ternate ; piunas tnfid, gash -serrate, shining, smooth; upper leaves ternate,
sub-sessile. Umbel sub-sessile or peduncled, with about fifteen unequal rays at each
axilla, supported by a trifid leaf: universal involucre often wanting. l corollas snniii,
white ; seeds very small. This plant has much the same virtues as the other.

PASSION FLOWERS. PASSIFLORA.

Cr.. 20, OR; 4. — Gynandria- pentandria.* Nat. or. — Cucurbitacctc-.

Sen. chah. — See Bud-Hoof, p. 123. The following species are indigenous to Ja-
maica, as well as tho->e referred to under English names. Swartz cla^sto this"genu<
monaudpkta ptutanaria.

With undivided leaves*

1. LAURIFOLIA. LAURfcL- LEAVED.

Foliis ovatis, petiolis biglandulis, bacca molli ovata. Browne, p. 327'.
Leaves ovate, quite entire; petioles bigiandular ; involucres toothed.
Stem suffrutescent, with very divaricating filiform branches; leaves a little emar-
einate at the base, nerved^, and Very smooth, on short petioles, -compressed a little,

having

-49 HORTUS JAMAICENSI3. Passio*

baring two glands under the base of the leaf; tendrils very long ; peduncles ihe length
of tiie petioles. The three leaflets of the involucre are roundish, concave, with blunt
glandular toothlets about the edge, and pale : the five leaflets of the calyx are broad-
lauceolate, slightly membranaceous at the edge, horned with a point or awn, smooth,
variegated on the inside with blood-red dots. Petals five, the length of the calyx,
narrower, acuminate, with blood-red dots scattered over them. Crown triple, the
outer rays half the length of the petals ; the middle longer than the petals, with toothed
points; the inner shorter near the column, all variegated with red and violet : column
cylindrical, straight; filaments variegated; germ jeilow; styles variegated; stigmas
bifid, black above ; fruit ovate, watery. — f>':e. Browne calk .ihisekoney-suekk,, sculti-
Vated in many parts of America, for the sake of its fruit ; it climbs and spreads like the
granadilla, and is made into arbours. The fruit is very delicate, and much esteemed j
it is about the size of a hen's egg, full of a very agreeable gelatinous pulp, in which
the seeds are lodged.

2. JNGl'STIFOLIA. NARROW-!.1? AVP.D.

Leaves sub-cordate, lanceolate, entire; petioles bi^landular; flowers solitary.

The following havertjVBrlohed leaves..

3 RLBRA. RED.

Leaves cordate ; lobes acuminate, sub-tomentose upderneath ; stem villose.
Stem herbaceous, twining, round, grooved, hirsute, red ; lobes of the leaves en. re,
nerved, somewhat hispid, soft; petioles round, re', villose without glands ; tendrils
sub-axillary. Flowers alternate,, nodding, on solitary one-flowered peduncles; calyx
ovate at the base ; leaflets membranaceous at the edge, white within, grv.vnv.iiln
villose; petals whitish, or pale flesh colour ; crown triple; outer rays the length of the
petals, multifid, pale red; middle one-leafed, very short, plaited; inner a fleshy
white rim ; germ small, villote, green; fruit spherical, marked with six lines, scarlet
when ripe, hirsute; pulp whitish; seeds black, tubeicled, shining, covered with a
puipy aril. — Sw.

4. PERFOLIATE. PK-RFOLIATE.

Flos pass 'onis perjoliulus she perie/j/meni perfoliate f< tin. Sloar.c, v.
J, p. 230, t 142, f. 3, 4. Foliis trilobis ; crwOus oblongisobtusis,
intermedia fere obsolete et setula terminate. Browne, P. 10, p. 328.

Leaves oblong, transverse, embracing, petioled, dotted underneath ; crown
simple, many- parted.
Stem herbaceous, climbing and twining, three-cornered, sub-divided, striated,
pubescent; leaves cordate-ovate, entire, besides the two lobes having a third between
them extremely obscure, a very small bristle ; they are nerved, smooth on both sides,
glaucous underneath and pubescent; the younger ones very thin; at the base the
leaves are lobate-cordate, embracing, with the lobes lying over each other, so that the
stem is as it were perfoliate ; lateral lobes emarginate, with a very short bristle ; pe-
tioles very short, curved inwards, round, without glands; stipules awl-shaped, bent
down, at the base of the petiole. Tendrils supra-axillary, very long ; peduncles ax-
illary, solitary, shorter than the leaves. Flowers middle-sized, scarlet; calyx bell-
shaped, growing to the corolla ; segments erect, liuear, of the same colour with the

corolla.

2.**sioi» HO TIT US JAMAICAN STB. 4!

•corolla. -Petals between the segments of the calyx, and double their length, lanoeo-
JaU', from erect spreading. Nectary single, many- parted ; segments erect, linear,
fleshy, green, with blunt scarlet tips ; column long; germ ovate; berry roundish.— <
Native of Jamaica in dry hedges near the coast, on the southern side of the island,
■flowering in the middle of summer. — SV. Sloane says the fool , talks are of a purplish
^colour; the leaves alternate; flowers purple. Browne calk-it the larger passion flower
fcith two-»harikcd leaves.

5. NORMALtS. NORMAN.

y&iS passi'onis, folii media facinia quasi abscissa, /fore minore, carmrp,
Sloane, v. l, p. 129. Foliis trildbis ,- cruribus angustis oblongis,
intermedia fere obsolete. Browne, p. 328.

Leaves emarginate at the base ; lobes linear, blunt, divaricate, the middle one
obsolete, mucronate.

This has slender angular stalks, rising twenty feet high, to which it fixes itself by its
clavicles. The flowers andtendtils come out from the same joints. The leaves are oi*
;a pale green colour. The flower is red, and the stamens grow all on one side. This
plant has been supposed to be the coanenepffli of 'Hernandez, but this seems doubtful aj
the figure.in that author wants the intermediate lobe altogether. The fruit is oval,-
iaving six red lines upon it, containing black seeds, inclosed in a mucilaginous pulp.

•6. LUNATA. CRESCENT.

Leaves dotted, at the base slightly cordate, and having two glands; outer rays
of the nectary club-shaped, compressed, obtuse.

Stems several, sometimes thirty feet high. Lobe* of the leaves remote, elongated,
entire, obtuse, terminated by a small bristle, sijpilar to one placed between them in
.the middle of the leaf, each marked by a series of nectariferous dots between the larger"
*eins. Petioles short, roundish, slightly downy, without glands. . Tendrils axillary/
simple, very long, smooth. Flowers axillary, two'together, drooping; on peduncles
twice as long as the petioles. Bractes three, -small, setaceous, below -the joint, at a
little distance from each other. Corolla flatfish at the base, deeply divided into te»
segments, whitish and smooth; segments oblong, ovate~J obtUs"e';'the five outermost
(calyx) thickest, externally green ; the innermost (corolla) narrower and shorter. — ■
External crown of the nectary consisting of about thirty yellow rays, a line shorter
than the corolla; middle, of greenish capillary rays, much shorter; innermost a single,
green, plaited, truncated, membrane, closely covering the cell where the honey
juice is lodged ; genitals as long as the corolla, smooth ; -column cylindrical, thickish,
white ^ germ oval, slightly triangular. — Smith.

7. CAPSULARIS. CAPSULAR-LIKE*

Leaves cordate, oblong, petioled.

Stalks slender, rising twenty feet when supported, and dividing into many weak
tranches. Leaves four inches long and three broad, ending in their points in two
horns, in some more acute than mothers, several of them appearing as if cut a little
hollow at the top ; they have threQ longitudinal veins, which join, at the base. of the
leaf to-the'for>tstalk ; but the two Outer-'diverge towards the borders of the leaf in the
middle, drawing in again at the top; they are of a deep green on the upper 'side, but
SfOL..n. I V $ale

At H-ORTUS JAMAICENSrS. passio^

psle underneath, and stand on short footstalks. Peduncles very slender, an inch ar.d-
a half long, purplish; flowers, when expanded, not more than an inch and a half in
diaiptter, of a soft red colour, with little scent ; fruit small, oval, when ripe purple.

The folio-sing have (hree-lobed leaves. .

8. ROTUNDIFOLIA. ROUND-LEAFED,

Leaves roundish, threelobed only at top, dotted underneath ; nectary simple.-

Stem suffrutescent at bottom, sub-divided, angu-lur, - grooved ; leaves semi-ovate,
three-nerved, veined, smooth on both sides, marked behind longitudinally with pel-
lucid dots ; lobes terminated by very small bristles,, the middle one a iittle larger than
the- others; pet4otes short, without glands. Tendrils filiform, very long. Stipules
two, opposite, awl-shaped, Peduncles axillary, filiform, an inch long ; flowers nod-
ding, pale-green, rather large. Galycine segments ovate, acute, erect, concave,
forming a goblet at the base ; petals semi-lanceolate, acute, erect, pale green ; crown
simple ; the segments awl-shaped', erect; converging, having tawny glands at the tip ;
column longer than the corolla, round ; filaments awl-shaped, dilated; germ roundish.
Berry egg-shaped. It is distinguished from tlie other species by its rounded leaves,
slightly tnree-lobed at top only. It grew in coppices in the southern parts of Jamaica,,
flowering at the beginning ol the year. — Szi\ Jacquin observes that the glandular dots
On tiie lower side of the leaf are six or seven in a longitudinal row along the inner side-
of the two lateral nerves ; that the stipules are acuminate, shining, embracing, and
resembling buii's horns ; that the peduncles are the same length with the leaves ; that
the flowers are middle-sized and void of scent ; that there is a three-leaved involucre ;
the leaflets ovate, concave, small, firm, shining, smooth, yellowish, with a tinge of
green ; that the petals are wiiite, and twice as long as the calyx ; the nectary muitifid •.
and yellow; that the berry is roundish, small, and juiceless ; and that in most of the»
leaves the middle lobe is scarcely to be observed. lie says it is very common in t!»d
vsoods about Carthagena, in New Spain.

9. OBLONGATA. OBLONG.

Leaves elliptic, sab-trilobate in front, dotted underneath ; lobes sharpish, trie
middle one shorter. — Sw .

10. LUTEA. YELLOW.

Flos passicnis minor, folio in tres lacinias von serratas prcfuv.dius di-
xiso, fore lutco. Sloane, v I, p. 230. Foliis trincixiis nitidis, ad.'
apices latioribus, subttilobis i lobis aquclibiis. Browne, p. 32<»
f. 7.
Leaves cordate, smooth ; lobes ovate ; petioles without glands.

Root creeping, stems many, round, green, and tough, growing three or four feet.
"" .eaves alternate, on short petioles, divided deeply into three sections, of a smooth
lark-green shining colour. Peduncles from the axils of the leaves, slender, an inch.
*eng ; flowers dirty yellow. It grows on rocky banks and sides of hill*,

11; FARVIFLORA. SMALL-FLOWERED.

Leaves smooth ; lobes ovate, entire, the middle one more prodacod \ petiole*
biglanduldx ; svem hcrtaceout^-nSV. .

l2<*tDruUtf

gmtVit KORTUS JAMAIS ENS IS, *%

12. MINIMA. DWARF.

Folds ?n'tidis trilobis, medio angustq longiori, qua-ndoqua

aurith, fructu baccato minor i nitido. Browuc, p. lii

Leaves smooth ; lobes lanceolate, quite entire, the muldle.one more produced;
petioles biglandular; stem even, suberous at bottom.

Stem twining, simple, becoming .corky at the base with age, round, smooth. — •
Leaves sub-peltate, sub-cordate ; lateral lobes almost horizontal ; all acute, nerved,
■smooth on both sides; petioles short, round, reflex, smooth; glands two, opposite,
small, sessile, concave, brown, in. the middle of the petioles. Stipules two, opposite,
awl-shaped, by the side of the petioles ; tendrils long, between the petioles. Pedun-
cles axillary, solitary, longer than the petioles,' loose, one-flowered; flowers small,
whitish ; calyx none, except the flattish base of the corolla; petals five, lanceolate,
reflex at the tips; nectary fourfold ; inmost a membranaceous rim, entire, brown at
the base of the column; inner one-leafed, plaited, crenate, dusky purple ; outer
ciliated, with capillary erect hairs, black, with yellow tips ; outmost with cilias twice
as long as the others, reflex, very dark purple, yellow from the middle to the tip;
column longer than the corolla ; germ roundish; berry small, blue, egg-shaped. It
is nearly allied to the following species, suberosa, but ditfers in the lobes of the leaves
being narrow and divaricated ; the stem herbaceous, becoming like cork when «ld, and
-the flowers smaller. — Sih

13. SUBEROSA. GNAWED.

Leaves sub-peltate ; lobes ovate-entire ; petioles biglandular ; stem suberose.

This rises to the height of twenty feet by a weak stalk, which, as it grows old, has a
iJiick fungous bark like that of the cork-tree, which cracks and splits. The -smaller
branches are covered with a smooth bark ; leaves smooth, on very short petioles ; the
middle lobe much longer than the lateral ones, so that the whole leaf is halbert-shaped.
The flowers are small, of a greenish yellow colour ; fruit egg-shaped, dark purple
when ripe.

14. INCARNATA. TLESH-COLOURED.

Toliis subhastatis, petiolis biglandulis, stylo longiori, fructu subkir-
suto rubdlo. Browne, p. 3^8. P. 9.

Leaves serrate, equal; petioles biglandular.

Root perennial ; stalks annual, slender, rising four or five feet high. At each joint
one leaf, on a short footstalk, having mostly three oblong lobes, but the two sides are
sometimes divided part of their length into two narrow segments, and thus becoming
five-lobed ; they are thin, of a light green, and slightly serrate. The flowers are pro-
duced from the joints of the stalk, at the footstalks of the leaves, on long slender pe-
duncles, in succession as the stalks advance in height. Calycine leaflets oblong, blunt,
pale-green ; petals white, with a double circle of purple rays, the rays of the lower
circle longest, the flowers have an agreeable scent, but are of short duration. Fruit as
large as a middling apple, changing to a pale orange colour when ripe, inclosing many
oblong, rough, seeds, lying in a sweetish pulp.

F3 - TH

HOUTUS JAMAIC2NSIS.. W&

The following has multijid leaves.

15. CCERULEA. BLUE.

Flos passionis major pentaphyllus. Sloane, v. 1, p. 239.. Foliis ■
quiii quf lob is profunda dwisis, lohis eblo?:gis.' Browne, p. 328.

Leaves palmate, quite entire.
This grows to a considerable height, rising, when properly supported, 'tc the height
of thirty or forty feet, having stems as thiek as a man's arm, covered with a purplish
bark, but not woody. The leaves are on half inch long petioles, at each joint, com.
posed of five smooth entire lobes, the middle one the longest, almost four inches long
and one broad in the middle, the others gradually shorter, and the two outer lobes are
frequently divided on their outer .side into two smaller ones. Their footstalks are near
ttyo inches long, and have two embracing stipules at their base ;. and from the same
point issues a long tendril. The flowers come out at .the same joint with the leaves, .
on peduncles almost three-inches long. The outer cover or involucre is composed of
three concave ovate leaves, of a paler green than the proper leaves of the plant, and
sire little more than half the length of the. calyx ; the leaflets of which are oblong,
blunt, pale green ; the petals are nearly of the same shape and size, and stand alter-
nately between them. Column about an inch long ; germ cval ; styles purplish, near
sin inch long; rays of the crown- in two circles ; the inner, which is the shortest, in*
dines towards the column ; the outer, which is !>ear. half the length of the petal*,
spreads open flat upon them, and is purple at bottom, but t.iue on the outsiJe. ITie
fjpwer.s have a faint scent, and continue but one day : fruit egg-shaped, the siee and
shape of the Mogul plum, and, when ripe, of the same yeflow colour, inclosing u
sweetish disagreeable pulp, in which are lodged oblong seeds,

Sec. Bcll-Hoof — Gr.anadu.la — Love in a Mist— Water Lemon*.

PEA, ENGLISH.'. PISUM.

Cl. 17, Or. 4. — Diaddphia decandria. Nat. or. — Papilionace<e,
(rzy. char. — Calyx a one-leafed five-cleft perianth, two upper segments shorter ;
c«rolla papilionaceous; stamens diadelphous. filaments ; one simple, superior, flat-
tish ; nine awl-shaped below the middle, united into a cylinder; ; nthers round-
ish ; the pistil has an oblong compressed germ ; style ascending, triangular, above*
keeled, pubescent; stigma growing to the upper angle; pericatp a large, long,
loundisb, legume, one-celled, two-valved; seeds several, globular.

SATIVUM. CULTIVATED.

Petioles round; stipules rounded at bottom and crenate; peduncles many-
flowered.

This well known and valuable plant has been long cultivated in Jamaica, in several !
of its varieties, where it thrives admirably well, even from seeds many times removed '
from those brought from a colder climate, if proper care lias been taken to cultivate
thenv which is but seldom the case. In England the pease have been greatly improved
by what is called roguing, a practice which would no doubt be of great service here r
It is done by looking carefully over sucjvas, are designed for seeds at the time wheq -

th*y

Sfcffl • ItORTUS JAMAICENSI'tf. ft

they begin to flower, and to draw out all bad plants, to prevent their farina from iu,
pregnsiting with the good ; to effect which this is always done before the flowers open;
By thus diligently drawing out the bad, reserving those which come earliest to flower,,
pease have greatly hetti unproved of late years.

These pease are usually sown in little trenches parallel to each other. When the
plants come up, the earth should he drawn up to their shanks, and the ground kopt-
vntircly free from weeds ; and, when the plants are grown eight or ten inches high,
you should stick some brushwood into the ground close to die pease for them to ramp
upon, which will support them from trailing upon the ground, which is very apt to rot
the growing sorts of pease, especially in wet seasons ; besides, by thus supporting
tbeni, the air can freely pass between them, which will preserve the blossoms from
falling off before their time, and occasion them to bear much better than if permitted—'
to lie upon the ground, and there will be room to pass between the rows to gjUhCr the
pease when they are ripe. With proper attention they are raised i^-iaiiiui^a of as •
sweet and high a flavour as any ii^-England.

The following method of keeping grteri -pease, and French beans, is given hr
Sonmni's Bibhothcyue r/iU^'C-econorutque. Into a middluig-sized stew-pan, filled •
With vour.o ^""Cii -pease, put two or three table spoonfuls of sugar, and place the pan
over a brisk charcoal lire. As soon as the pease begin to feel the heat, stir them twice
or three times, and when they yield water, pour them out on a dish to drain. When
drained, spread them out on paper in an airy room, out of the sun, and turn them
frequently that they may dry the sooner. It is necessary for their keeping, that they
sbwuld not retain any moisture, for if they do, they will soon grow mouldy. French-
beans may he managed in the same way, and will thus keep till the next season, as well •
5*voured as when fust gathered. .

o

Pea, Pigeon — See Pigeon Pea.
Pear-Tree — See Avocado Pear.

PEAR-WITHE, TAN,ECIUM

Ci. 14, OR. 2. — Didynamiaangiospermir:. Nat. or.—
"Sen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, tubular, truncate, quite entire ; (scm\e»-
iimes lightly bidented or tri-denled, purmanent) ; corolla one-petaled, long;
tube-jcylmdncal, widened above ; border from erect spreading, -five-cleft, almost
equal ; the two upper segments approximating, less divided, nearly tipright, the
three lower spreading, .a little reffexed ; stamens fouF aim >st equal fitaments,
fchorter than the corolla, bending in under the back of the tube, with the rudiment
of. a fifth; anthers.two-lobed ; the pistil has a germ placed on a fleshy ring,~
roui.dish ; style simple ; stigma two-lobed ; the pericarp is a large berry, sub-
pedicelled, globular, or oblong, two-celled ; seeds numerous, oblong, angular^,
pastling. There are two species, both nativerof Jamaica.

I. JAROBA. . .

Cucurbit i/cre arbor /ertc, rhamniftKie spinosa, ftliii tfongis confer~-

46 HORTUS JAMAICENSI-S. ^Hujcak

tim ncsccntibus. Sloane, v. 2, p. 175. Scandcns, faliis inferiors-
bus phinuto-tcrnatis, supcrioYibus geminatis claxiicula intcrjjositis.
Browne, p. 267.
Lower leaves temate, upper geminate ; tendrils interpVtiulary, terminating ;
stem scandent.
This climbing plant is frequent in many parts of the island, but seems most common
between St. Elizabeth's and Westmorland. It rises with great ease to the top of the
tallest trees in the woods, and then spreads a great way over the limbs of the neigh-
bouring trees, or bends again towards the ground. It is generally-more luxuriant to-
wards the top ; and, as this part requires a greater support, nature has supplied it, in
a peculiar manner, with tendrils ; for the leaves, which are always three oivevery com-
mon footstalk, towards the root, are never more than two at the top ;■ but the extremity
of the common stalk, which generally holds the third leaf in the lower-branches, shoots
here into a long winding tendril, by which it holds and sucks to every twig or branch
it meets. — Browne, it l-. ejdled pear-withe, as the fruit, when it-is- ripe, has a- sweetish
bitter taste, and has some stoney stasia in it, like a pear.

2. PARASITICUM. PARA&iTICAL.

Crcscentia ? 5. — Scandens, sarmcntis crassioribus, ■folii$-iiizjcid.hu$
ovatis nitidis oppositis. Browne, p. 266.

Leaves ovate, coriaceous ; stem scandent, shrubby, rooting.

This weakly plant sustains itself generally by the help of the neighbouring trees, or
is found spreading upon the ground, where it does not meet with support. Its stem is
.moderately thick, and stretches frequently about seven or eight feet from the root. — ■
The leaves are thick, oval, -and shining, and tire fruit round and smooth. It is found
about Port-Antonio, near the Cascade in St. Ann's, arid in many parts of the moun-
tains, especially between Sixteen-Mile-Walk and Luidas.— rBrawne. The flowers are
of a very deep purple colour, and arise in a binate order from the alee .of the leaves,
which fade where they grow ; these leaves are large and thick. It flourishes in February
and March. The stem is as thick as a man's arm, and emits roots in the manner of ivy •
it climbs rocks and trees to the height of fifty or sixty feet. The leaves are a little bit-
terish in taste.

PELICAN FLOWER, or POISON HOGWEED. ARISTOLOCIIIA.

Cl. 20, OR. 5, — Gynandria hcxandric. Nat. ©r. — Sarmcntace<c,
GEN. cuar. — Use Contrayerva, p. 231.

GRANDIFLORA. GREAT-IXOYVERED.

Scandent, Joiiis amplioribus cordatis; florum flabcllis maximi's varic-
gatis, in appendicem longam tenuemquc desincntibus. Browne,
p. 329.

Leaves broad-cordate ; stem twining, sub-:herbaceous ; peduncles solitary ; lip
of the corolla very large, with a very long tail.

The

ftucAtt flORTUS JAMAICENSIft «*

The large climbing birthwort, with variegated flowers, or the poisoned hogmeat, is
verytcommrm in St. Ann's, and 'bears very large fio-crs, the opening of which con-
tinues glued up longitudinally for a considerable time. — Browne.

This plant propagates itself by slender jointed stems, which are round, smooth, and
hardly thicker than a goose quill. From the joints are protruded many long slende*
fibres, penetrating the earth in a perpendicular direction ; from them likewise are pro-
duced many climbing stems of the same sizer on which the large cordated leaves are
placed alternately. The flowers are produced from the wings of the leaves singly',
depending hy short peduncles, which terminate in small concave or.tte involucres, from
the centre of which the germens arise, penetrating through the involucres, where it
joins the peduncles; the germ is subulated, slender, and hexagonal, indented with
six furrows. ■ The flower is of a very singular structure, and ought to constitute a new
genus, at least it has as much right to do so, and more, than the ipomva has to be
seperated from convolvulus. The flov\er is not less remarkable for its extraordinary
size. than its abominable scent, which ft diffuses all around. The tube is nearly nine
inches in length, recurved or bent back, so that the upper part leans upon the basf»,
which is three inches and three-quarters in length, and its greatest breadth one inch
and five-eighths. Its form is oblong, compressed on the sides, ventricose, gibbous be-
hind, concave before, pentagonal, narrowing toward the end*; with five- carinat 1
angles in ribs, from which arise many reticulated veins, which, with the angles, are
commonly purple. The middle part of the tube is two inches and a half in lengtb ; it
is much narrower than the b; se, concave, and flatted on its upper part, but gibbous
and convex on the outside, coloured and ribbed like the base, but less eminent. — These
two parts being seperated by cutting, there is seen opening into the base a short com-
pressed tube, whose margins are erecto- patent and fimbriated, it takes its rise from a
septum or partition, which seperates or divides the base from the mid lie part The
upper part of the tube, which forms die rictus or- awn, is ventricose, much wider than
the rest of the tube,- of a sub-ovate depressed form, its greatest length oeing equal to
the middle part, but on the opposite side much shorter ; it terminates in a broad mar-
gin or border, forming an ovate aperture.".-. The limb is patent, concave, cordated,
terminating in a very long appendix or tail ; it is supported and decorated by twenty
large nerves or rays, eminent on the outside, and terminating in as many denticles in
the margin ; the length of the limb, the tail included, is twenty inches, and its breadtfa
above six. The limb is elegantly variegated with white an.l purple on the inside ; the
space of the ribs is distinguished by white or yellow streaks, and the int nnediate
spaces somewhat like irregular asterisks of purple, in a white or yellow ground. These
flowers differ very much in- the deepness and paleness of their colouring, and also iri
the mode of variegation, so that no two flowers can be found alike. The inside of the
tube is hairy more or less in all its parts, but the base most so. There are six yellow
anthers adhering to the style. The pods are about three inches long and one broad,
and differ not in any respect from the rest of this genus. Ah the parts of this plant arc
absminably foetid, and detested and shunned by most animals. When hogs venture to
rat them, through necessity, they are said to be destroyed by them ; yet it is said, that
♦.be leaves and Sower*, bruised and applied to parts afflicted with great pain, afford^
<tettsk relief.
• Set CONTRAYERVA,

$8 I10RTUS JAMA ICE N SIS, *f.KG'JSW

PENGUIN. BROMF.LIA.

j*Ci... 6, or?. 1. — Hexanlr'a monogi/uia. Nat, or. — Chroharia.

Tifis was so named in memory of Glaus Bromel, a Swede, author of some botanieai
yrorks.

Gen. CHAR. — Calyx a three-cornered small perianth, superior, permanent ; divisions
three, ovate ; corolla three ^petals, narrow-lanceolate, erect, longer than the
calyx : nectary fastened to each petal above the base, converging; stamens six
Subulate filaments, shorter than the corolla, inserted into the receptacle; anther*
erect, sagittate; the pistil has an inferior germ; a simple filiform style, the
length of the stamens ; stigma obtuse, trifid ; pericarp a roundish berry, umbil*-
cate, one or threereelled ; seeds numerous, incumbent, somewhat -oblongs
obtuse.

1. PENGUIN.

'Caraguaia-ocrmga. Sloane, v. 1, p. 248. Caiile ntsurgentiyraeeTtte
terminali, frucfibus sejunctis. Browne, p. 193.

Leaves ciliate-spinv, mucronate ; raceme terminal.

This plant is very common in Jamaica, and grows wild in savannas and rocky mils.
The leaves are very thick about the root, and from the centre springs the stalk, which
generally rises to the height of twelve or sixteen inches, above the foliage, and divides
into a number of little lateral branches, bearing so many single .flowers, whioh are ex-
quisitely beautiful, being composed of red, blue, and purple, colours, variously in-
termingled, and surrounded with glossy leaves of -scarlet, orange, and green, with
some mixture of white ; which colours fade gradually away as the fruit ripens, which ii
described as follows by the accurate Gxrtner : tl It is an inferior berry, of an ovate
-pyramidal shape, obscurely three-cornered, covered with rind, which is rugged, thick,
suberose- fleshy, with raised confluent dots, producing three membranaceous partitions,
on the inside, which meet at the axils ; flesh pulpy, membranaceous, of a pale watery
colour, and divided into several partial cells ; no receptacle, but the seeds nestle iii
their proper cells, directing their navels towards the axis of the berry ; they are of art
Ovate. globular form, swelling, lenticular, narrower at the navel, having a small brown
tubercle^ at the top, smooth, shining, of a ferruginous chesnut colour." The fruit is
about the size of a walnut, and of a yellow colour when ripe. The pulp has an agree-
able sweetnesr, joined with so sharp an acid, that if it remains long in the mouth it will
make the palate and gums bleed. A small quantity of this juice in water makes an ad-
mirable cooling draught in fevers : a tea spoonful, cerrected with sugar or honey, de-
stroys worms in children, cleanses ami heals the thrush, and other ulcerations in ti>»
mtiQuth and throat, .and is extremely diuretic. In large doses it brings down the cata-i
-menia, and causes abortion. As a diuretic, it maybe mixed with Rhenish wine. It
also makes good vinegar and wine. This plant is commonly used for making fences^,
its leaves being very formidable to cattle, by the thick arched prickles on their
edges. These leaves, stripped of their pulp, soaked in water, and beaten with a
wnoden mallet, yield a strong silky thread, winch makes good ropes ; and, from iti
fineness* is generally used for making- lasaes to #Up s : It t.s also manufactured int»

IfMRtyoaTH TlOrtTUS JAMA IC EN SIS. 4Q

featfimocks, an 1 has also been made into good hnen cloth. Were due attention pai ] »•
such valuable objects in Jamaica, the fibres of penguin might be obtained in great

idmnaance from the most barren lands.

2. BRACTgATA. BRACTED.

Leaves serrate, spiny; brades ovate-lanceolate; scape elongated j vacerae-
compressed ; rae< ■males sub-divide .1 ; flowers peduncled.
This species was found in Jamaica by Swartz. The bractes are membranaceous^
very entire, scarlet.

See Pine Apple — Silk Grass:

Penny - Ro y ai. — Sec M int.

PENNYWORTH, WATER, HYDROCOTYLE,

Ci» 5, QR. 2. — P.entandria monogynia. Nat. or. — I7mbel!a/<e.

This generic name is derived from t.vo Greek words signifying water and a cop, be*
cause it grows in water, with hollow leaves containing water-

Gen. char. — Calyx — umbel simple, involucre Commonly four-leaved, small; peri-
anth scarcely any ; universal corolla uniform in figure not in situation ; florets all
fertile; proper corolla firo-petaled ; petals ovate, acute, spreading, entire; sta-
mens live filaments, awl -shaped', shorter than the corolla, with ■^ry small anthers ;
the pistil has an upright compressed germ, orbicular, inferior, and peltate; styles
two, awl-shaped^erj short; stigmas sin. pie ; there is no pericarp ; fruit orbicu-
late, compressed, transversely bipartite ; seeds two, semi-orbiculale, compressed.
Two species are indigenous to Jamaica.

1. UMBELLATA, I'MBEt.LTTX

CofylaioTi aquatica. Sloa«c, v. 1, p. 2 12. Foliis orbicularis pdtatis
crenatis, umbeltis multijlvris. Browne, p. 185.

Roots filiform, capillary, branched, whitish ; leaves radical, peltate, orbiculate,
crenate-gasheu, smooth, veined, on smooth robrefpetibles1, from two to five inches,
and often, in watery places, a foot long. Peduncles alio radical, the length of the
petioles, round; flowers in umbels, hermaphrodite; involucre scaly, with ovate minute
1. diets ; umbel simple, pedicels numerous, erect, one flowered; corolla acnt«,-reflex,
white; styles contiguous fit, the base, the length of the petals;; fruit roundish, com-
pressed, striated. — S'xo It grows in most marshes and standing waters in Jamaica ;
.the root is reckoned aperitive and deobstrueut, but, as Browne observes, the umbelli-
ferous plants are deservedly suspected, and seldom used. It is Called sheep'' s bane : d
■u'hite-rct, because it ki'Hs .sheep who eat it. Barbara' calls itvavef irort, and saVs ,: It.
hath a small round root, under the surface of the earth ; at thejornSs are a grtat many
small hairy blackish fibres, by wnich the plant is nourished ; and from the same [daces
are sent up the leaves and flowers, upon pretty long foot-stalks. The leaves are roi;:i 1,
thick, sinuatcd on the edges, smooth, above an inch diameter, and very green, the
foot-staik entering in their very centre. The flowers stand close together round their
VjQL.II. G~. faot-staUC*

56 HOItTUS JAMAICENSIft *eppe»

|pot-_staIk*s end ; they are many, joined together, and of a greenish colour. The
seeds are broad like parsnip-seed. The plant is sharp to the taste, and has been taken
by some planters for scurvyrgrass ; the whole plant is of hot and subtle parts, pleasant
an I aromatic to the taste : They open obstructions of the liver and reins, for which no
remedy is more proper; the juice of the green leaves i-- a famous antidote against
poison ■; and the native Brasilians procure vomiting with it. It is used to take away the
spots which the Portuguese call os jigados, which are liver-spots ; and it is said to kill
sheep, if they feed upon it.""

2. ASIATiCA. ASIATIC.

Ilumilior, foliis semi-elliptic is crenatis, scapo florfero partiali breei
7iuao. Browne, p. 185.

Leaves kidney-form, tooth-letted.

Browne says this is found in the mountains between Sixteen-Mile- Walk and St.
Mary's, and calls it mountain pennyworth. 1 he leaves have toothlets or notches equal
round them ; they are of a tLick suostance, and somewhat hoary, several together at
each joint of the stalk

PEPPER-ELDER. PIPER.

Cl. 2, or. 3 — Diandria trigynia. Nat. or. — Piperita.

'Gen. char. — See Colt's-Foot, p. 228. Of this twenty-five species have been disco-
vered in Jamaica ; besides those described under the name colt's-foot.

1. AMALAGO.

Piper lengum arborcum aitius, folio nervoso minore, spica graiiliori
et brevwri. Sloane, v. l, p. 1 3 !•, t. 37, f. l. Friitescens aifflisum
ramis fiexUihus geniculate, foliis ovatis quinque nerviis, ad peliolum
leniter revolutis. Browne, p. 121.
Leaves cordate, commonly seven-nerved, veined.

This is a shrub from three to ten feet in height ; stem even ; branches dichotomoujs,
"jointed, sub-divided, round, brownish-green ; leaves alternate, acuminate, not oblique,
jierved and veined, very thin, bright green, smooth, paler underneath ; petioles
round, smooth. Joints swelling ; spikes peduncled, opposite to the leaves, filiform,
loose, many- flowered. Flowers clustered; no calyx, corolla, or filament; anthers
from two to four, at the base of the germ, cordate-ovate, sessile, two-celled; germ
ovate; style none; stigmas three, oblong sessile; berry sessile, containing a single
seed, double the size of hemp-seed, black when ripe, of a taste slightly pungent. — Sw.
■It generally shoots out several stems, rising fifteen feet high, with crooked branches ;
both stem and stalks are hollow and pithy. The leaves are rough, about three inches
.long, and one and a half broad. The spikes are at the ends of the branches, slender,
three inches long.

This plant grows very common in most of the hilly parts of the island, and looks very
bushy and spreading, on account of its slender llesile branches. It begins to divide

very

tZTTT-K

11 OK T 0 S J A "i A I C E H S I $ M

vi-i v near th^ root, and rises in tufts, thriving in mo! shady places, and in a mixed
ciuye) sad. The seeds-and other parts of the fructification grow in the same manner
with those of the black pepper, in the E t Indies, fi am which they differ only in size ;
for the grains of this seldom exceed a large mustard seed in dimension, but the taste
?md flavour is in every respect tin' same. 1 have bad a large quantity of this plant
gathered for me, and have generally used it Co:' many months, but never could perceive
any sensible difference between it and that of the East, whether turd in cookery or
seasoning. To gather any quantity of tins aromatic, it must be picked when full growrj,
and before it ripens ; for, like pimenta, it grows soft and succulent by maturity, and
emits the pungent flavour that recommends it while in the full- grown state : it may he
then dried in. the sun, like pimenta, and left adhering to the natural spikes, which hos-
tile same flavour and pungency with the grain itself, and are as easily ground in t-M>
mill. The leaves and tender shoots of this plant are frequently used in discuiietit bath*
and fomentation.--, and sometimes pounded and applied with success to foid ulcers ;. the
root is warm, and may-be successfully administered as a resolutive, sudorific, or dia-
phoretic ; but it must answer best in a diluted state, such as in infusions or light de-
coctions ; which, however, may oe varied in degrees of strength, as occasion requires.
I do not know of any deobstruent of this nature that answers better in dropsies, or.
lighter obstructions from alenturor incrtion. — Browne.'

As a cure lor uicers, the following observations oiv this plant are by an ano-
lrymous writer in the Columbian Magazine, for the year 1798 : " Take the
leaves and boil them ; v hi n • boiled, beat them into a salve, which spread on
one of the leaves as you would a plaster on a bit of rag ; but remember first to clean
well the ulcer; the water that the leaves were boiled in will answer as a bath for that
purpose; then lay on your poultice; continuing the bathing and dressing daily, and
a perfect cure will he effected in a short time : He also states that be knew a negro in
Spanish Town, whose face, neck, breast, and shoulders, were much ulcerated, and
the large orifices of the ulcers were filled up with tli3 above described poultice ; and that
he saw her in about twelve months after with the ulcers perfectly healed, and a fine
child in her arms ; when she said the cure was entirely effected by this poultice. The
same writer observes that the stem and leaves are made use of by the negroes as a sub-
stitute for black pepper, and indeed, when dried and beaten tine, it has a delightful
flavour, resembling very much that of the black pepper; the bark of the tree is hotter
than the leaves. The root boiled into a decoction is excellent for rheumatic complaints ;
and will give ease in the gout."

The leaves and fruit are also said to be good for the belly-ache ; and the bath of them
excellent in all sorts of swellings : the decoction of the root, leaves, and fruit, is con-
sidered as a good stomachic. The wood is made use of to strike fire, by turning a hard -
piece of wood, pointed, rapidly in a hole made in it.

2. ADUNCUM. HOOKED.

Piper longum folio nervoso pallide viridi, humilius. Sloane, v..l,
p. 135, t. 87, f. 2. Fiutescens diffusum flexile, foliis ovalis venis
plurimis oblique arcuatis refertis. Browne, p. 122.

Leaves oblong-oval e, acuminate, unequal at the base, veined ; spikes solitary,
axillary, uncinate.

Stems several, shrubby, round, knobbed at the joints, smooth, an inch and more in
thickness, branched; ash-coloured, upright, eight feet high ; branchlets green, the

0 2 thickest

H0RTU3 JAM AI GENS IS. j-fppe*

i -\ ? ■. oi a quill, shredding very much. Leaves alternate, on short petiole*, in a
uble .row, a little shorter at the inner base, deep, green above; ragged backwards,
i " .,<' " I when examined! .. -li is; Underneath' pale green, villdsebntrfot' nigged,
(\u\h end) .. netted with numerous wins, many-nerved, if the principal veinsbecon-
red.as in rves ; rh ey are about half a foot in length, and have little taste or smeil.
Stipule lanceolate, acute, converging, smooth, striated, caducous. Peduncles alter-
nate, Opposite to a leaf, solitary, erect, round, somewhat \ iilu.se, half an inch lone;.
Spikes solitary, slender, yellowish, two or three inches in length, -towards the origin
at the branches bowed, so closel) covered, with minute fructifications, that it is scarcely
possible to detect their structure even with a mi roscope. — Jacgmii. tiloane observes
that the stems are hollow ; that the leaves have scarcely any footstalks ;■ that the spikes
have anaromatic biting taste, are about four inches Utng, ancj resemble a rat's tail,
1 eing generally crooked. He calls it Spanish < ''■ er. it is frequent in the lowlands of
Jamaica. Pisd says the root is aromatic, and in taste, colour, and. smell, resembles
,.er, «nd, when fresh, not inferior to it He recommends the decoction and fomes-
tatioiV of the leaves and roots for colics, and pains of the limbs.

3. R0T0NDIPOLIUM. ROUNB-LEArBD.

Piper longum minimum, herbqtieum, , rattaidijvlium.-*-

Kine, v.), p. 1J7. Saui'iiius o. — Minimus ripens Jvliis orbicu-
latis tutneniibucS, Browne, p. lIQI.
Herbaceous, leaves roundish, flat, fleshy ; .stem filiform,- creeping.
Stems herbaceous, very lone', s ib-.di ided, round, succulent, throwing out short
capillary fibres on all sides From the sterns, .'.eaves petioled ; the lower orhiculate,
entire; small, smooth, somewhat succaleat, pubescent at the edge, with red spots
I ■ low ; the upper or terminating ones somewhat oblong, .smooth on both sides ; spikes
terminating, shortly ped round, solitary, small. — Sn\ This plant grows tn

close pfoist woods, ci he mossy trunks of trees, and 'stones covered with moss;

into which penetrate the fibrils produce. I at its joints, at every one of which grows a.
leaf on inch long red pedicels. The spikes have brown spots on them, and the whole
plant is succulent.

4 DJSTAC J.YON. TftTN- SPIKED.

'Piper longum humilius frucfit e siunmitufe caulis protlewnte. Slonne,
v. l, p. I3<5. Bepens Joliis crassis subrotundis glabris, spicisler-

inir.tt/ibus. Browne, p. 204.

Leaves ovate-acuminate; spikes conjugate ; stem rooting.
Sunt from two to three feet high, climbing, sub-divided, compressed a little, smooth,
marked with rufous spots, succulent, Leaves entire, very smooth, notflesKy, three-
nerved, paler underneath ; petioles very long, inserted by little sheaths into the stem.
Peduncles terminating or axillary, two-parted; spikes upright, linear; stamens and
pistils inserted spirally into the spike. — S':e. It is a native of rocky grounds in the
mountains, and described as follows bv Barham : "This has a creeping jointed root ;
the stalks arc round ami green, jointed, Rising seldom above a foot high ; the leaves
ire thick, succulent, smooth, and of a dark green colour, having some visible veins
ou ihje -upper surface like those of the water-plantain, and sometimes notched at the
upper end of the leaf. At the top of the s'— Ik Cjwn#s out a slender four- inch spike

jtUllSj

* ifn* IIOHTUS J A M .\ I C E N S I S. ft

julus, oxb'gula, lifceihose ef, 'ossum, ac some of thf loi ; peppers, of a sweet

II. aad harp to the taste like them, and withal some\ ... pLini

l-i"! smells very gratefully: It i- 1/ it in the fourth degree, and dry i i third lc
strengthens the heart, heats till jives a sweet 1jt<

. and thick humours; resists poison, the iliac passion, and cholic ; i •; he! ■ the

• tmnenja or mouses in women, helps birth, expels the dead child, opens obstructions,
atfll cures pains from cold; it takes away the cold lit of an ague."

5. V!. !H.. II. LATUM. VEHTICILtATED.

Saunirus 8.— Erettus minor jfoliis orb ailatis vertkiHatis lumentibus,
cisterminalihis. Browne, p. 204.

'Leaves' in whorls, four together, elliptic, blunt, three-nerved.
Browne calls it the smaller erect saut'urus, with rtoun I vi rtii Hated leaves. l\
upright, about a finger's length, tender; leaves-threes four, or five, together*, suc-
culent, quite entire, petioled; spikes simple, several times longer than the lekves.

6. MAcuoravi.t.u.v!.

Fruteseens mwus,-/6liis ainpHombus nitidis ox/atis ad basem mi nva'.i-er
eti ilongiori equali. Browne, p. 122.

Leaves elliptic-ovate, acuminate,- smooth, unequal at the base, veined; pe-
tioles appendicied ; spikes axillary, solitary.

This is a large shrub, two fathoms in height ; stem round, striated; brandies almost
erect, smooth; leaves "alternate, large, bluntly acuminate, oblique at the base, bavin;;
ten or twelve nerves transversely oblique, quite entire. Petioles -short, broadish,
channelled, membranaceous with a leafy margin, appendicled at the base of tli'e leaf;
spikes pedicelied, long, erect, opposite to the leaves ; flowers very close, not distinct.
Filaments four to six, very short, or else the anthers sessile, twin, round the germ;
styles none ; stigmas three, sessile. The stem and branches are le^s brittle than in the
other species, it grows in shady places, on rocky or gravelly hills.

7. VERRUCOSUS. WARTED.

Piper longum arboreum folds Ifttissimis. Sloane, v. I,, p. 135, t,
88, f. i.

Arborescent, leaves oblong-acuminate, obliquely many-nerved, veined, smooth;
coriaceous ; stem and branches warted.

This is a tree, the trunk of which is from fifteen to twenty feet in heighth, upright,
with the bark much waited ; brandies simple, terminating, leafy, round, with white
warts; leaves ovate, acuminate, blunt, alternate, veined, the margin rolled in; the
' largest from one to two feet in length ; petioles short, channelled, with the margins at
the base of the leaf membranaceous, waited. Spikes pedicelied, half a foot long, op-
posite to the leaf, upright ; flowers in a spiral, the males and females in a manner dis-
tinct; germs between the upper and lower circuit of stamens; anthers two, Ovate,
placed obliquely ; stigmas three* sessile* It is known by its habit, its warted stem and
branches, and its large coriaceous leaves. Native of Jamaica, on calcareous rocks- ia
tke interior. — Sw.

i. QUADRIFOLIUM,

tk ft OR TITS JAMAICENSTS, •r.FPF.R

8. QUADRJFO; !L'M. LEAVES IN FOURS-.

Leaves In fom-s, we Ige-form, o'o-ovate, emarginate, sub-ssssile; stern erect.
Stem half a foot high, herbaceous, sub-divided, stiff, even, thick. Leaves on short
petioles, pb-cordate, a little concave, thiekish, very smooth. Spikes terminating,
peduneled, solitary, an inch. long-, round,, whitish, tbickish ; peduncles short ; flowers
crowded; no calyx or'coroila, oo-iv a scale ; filaments two., very short-; anthers globu»
Jar, thin; gerra ovate, no style, stigma oblique, villose. Native of lofty mountains.
— Sw,

9. DISCOLOR. DISCOLOURED-.

Leaves broad-ovate, five-nerved, very smooth,, discoloured on the hinder part;'
spikes more hi:--, florets more remote.

This is a shrub, a fa hom in height, with alternate, erect, sab-divided, jointed,
round, smooth, branches. Leav< i alternate, broadrcordate, or ovate, with a blunt
joiat,. entire, tbickish,. reined, whitish, or very pale green, underneath, j shining,
%\\o c>f the five nerws are marginal; joints swelling; petioles channelled^ short. —
Spikes pcdicelled, so. nary, opposite to the petiolej shorter than the leaves, slender.
Peduncles longer than tiie petioles, round, smooth. There is no calyx, but an oblong
scale, within which are two very short evan cent filaments, and two ob-ovate whitish
anthers; germ oblong, within the scale ; style short, tbickish ^ stigmas three, small,
petite; berry minute, oblongtsh. It is distinct from atnalago in its wide very smooth
leaves, Looser spikes, and more remote flowers. Native of high mountains, flowering
in autumn. It varies with leaves attenuated at the base, and blunt, ovate, oblique. -
> — Szi\

10. CT.NICCI.A.TUM. J01NTEB;

Leaves oblong-pcuniinate, oblique, many- nerved,! smooth; stem and branches
i tted.

A shrub two f thorn1, in height, or more ; stem sub-divided towards the top, round,,
smooth; branches and branchlets long, ro ! 'ike, round, smooth, very brittle.; joints
swelling ; leaves alternate, halfa foot long and more, attenuated but blunt at the top,
jrounded and unequal at the base, entire j petioles short, channelled, smooth. Spikes
solitary, opposite to the leaves, long, pedicelled ; flowers Spiral as in verrucosum. —
Stem, though often thick, \vt so weak as to require support from other shrubs. It is
distinguished from macrophyllttjn\ which it resembles very much, by its jointed habit,
brittleness, &c. from verrucosum by its joints, thinner leaves, ana even stern and
branches. Native oi Jamaica, .in stony woods. — Sw.

H.HtSPlDUM. HIsPID.

Leaves ovate-acuminate, el.lique, hirsute, wrinkled ; nerres alternate, veined;
spikes erect.
This is a shrub a fathom in height, upright, round, hirsute, hispid ; branches pa-
tulous, flexuose, jointed, round, hirsute ; joints hirsute and hispid. Leaves alternate,
many-nerved, hirsute, hispid; nerves alternate, raised on the back of the leaf; pe-
tioles short, round, not channelled. Spikes pedicelled, opposite to the leaves, soli-
tary, two inches long, cylindrical, thick, brown ; peduncles thick, round, hispid,
shorter than the petioles; flowers aggregate ; no calyx ; but small round ciliate scafes,
by the sides oi which are two very short fuMaents j anth«r» extremely minute, roundish,

t*lDf

Pepteb H'ORTUS JAMAICENSI9. $5

twi
rou

in; germ ovato ; styles none; stigmas three, reflex, very small; berry sessile,
unaisb, very small. It differs from scabrum bv its remarks)! i liir'sute am! hispid
habit. — Su>. To avoid confounding this plant widi the species hispidulum, Swartz
changed the name from hispidum, which he first gave it, to hirsutum. Ii grows in the
cooler mountains, and Bowers in autumn.

12. NITHDUM. SHINING.

Leaves lanceolate-ovate, oblique at the base, smooth, shining.
This grows about five or six feet high, very much bfancfied, with a smooth round
trunk ; branches and branchlels always joirfted at the insertion of the leaves, brittle. — -
Leaves alternate, oblique at the base on the outerside, veined, dark green, from two
to three inches long; petioles very shorty round. Spikes peduneled, shortish, round,
upright, very even, whitish. Peduncles opposite to the leaves, short ; 'lowers very
much crowded. Native of mountain woods, flowering in spring. — Sw.

13. ALPINUM. ALPINE.

Herbaceous, stem erect, nearly simple ; leaves ovate, roundish, acute, vein'c'
underneath ; spikes axillary.

This is an herbaceous plant, with filiform, descending, simple roots ; stem about a
foot high, round, succulent, smooth. Leaves rather large, entire, nerved, smooth
on both sides, paler underneath, tfaickish ; petioles longish, compressed, smooth,
widening at the base. Spikes solitary, the length of the leaves, round, tliick, with
the flowers close. No calyx, but lanceolate-acute scales; filaments two, very short,
at the base of the pistil ; anthers very small, whitish; germ oblong, acuminate; style
simple; stigma acute. It is distinct from obtusifoHumt which has a creeping stem: It
grows on the highest mountains, and flowers in February and March. — Su>.

14 IIISPIDULUM. SHAGGY.

Herbaceous, almost upright ; leaves roundish, petioled, very thin, rough-
haired above. •

Herbaceous, small, and bright green ; roots small, capillary, divided, whitish. — <
Stem two or three inches high, jointed, diffused, round, striated, smooth, pellucid,
succulent, brittle ; branchlets diffused, opposite to the leaves. Leaves alternate,
emarginate at the base, entire, veined, green above, arid somewhat hispid with pale
•pellucid bristles thinly scattered over them, dotted, beneath very smooth, paler, very
tender ; petioles short. Spikes minute, pedicelled, opposite to the leaves, solitary ;
flowers very minute, naked, distant; calyx none, but scales scarcely visible at the base
of the germ; filaments two, by the side of the germ, at its base, very 'minute, patu-
lous, horizontal, in a manner club-shaped ; anthers roundish, whitish.; germ oblong,
>tiispid ; style thick, short; stigma blunt, brown. Fruit pedicelled, the size of a small
pin's head, roundish, black, somewhat hirsute-hispid. Its taste is bitter, but not
aromatic. It grows in moist woods in the Blue Mountains, is an annual plant, and
flowers in the spring. — 5V.

1 5. TENELLUM. TENDER.

Herbaceous, simple, decumbent ; leaves distich, ovate, veinless, ciliate at the
edge ; spike ascending,

Hoot

jp fJORTUS JAMAlCEK.ffS.- K#n»

Rqftt small, anBUftl... simple, fdamentese ; stem tbrce or four inches brgi-i, very
seldom divided, jointed., round, scarcely striated', sonteSwdiat hirsute*: haying very
minute red dots on it, a id a scattered shagginess among .the petioles, grooved, brittle.
Leaves small] on very short petioles, alternate^ attenuated towards the t-;\ blunt,
entire, veiniess, nerveless, bristly-ciiiat* on the upper surlV.cc towards the ^"ge,
somewhat succulent, smooth, pale.underneath. Spike' terminating, filiform, simple;
fio' ers v rj minute; calyx none, but a ro mulish little scale covering the perm; by
the sides of which are two filaments, the length of the germ, uprigftt ; anthersround-
idi, twin, white; germ Oblong, attenuated at the base; st\!e none; stigma vilto e,
oblique; berry on $ pedicel three times as lang as the germ, containing one seed*;
■uhen ripe it is the size of a small pin's Lead, o! h colour and aromatic flavour.

I ■ ath e off Jamaica iri t!ic coo! mountains oti trunl s of trees) especially such as are r jtteri,
hanging dox-A among the moss, and flowering in summer — Szt).

16. AMPL1XIC.4T LE. STEM- EMBttACJNG.

Sub-herbaTeoUS, leaves lanceo'ate-ovate, embracing, nerved, fleshy; stem
erect, simple.

This-is a sub-herbaceons plant; stem unos simple, a foot high, hardish, slightly
fiexpose, angular, compressed, grooved, smooth, rigid; leaves alternate, narrower
1 ow, blunt at the tip, quite entire, tljickish, brightgreen. Peduncles, sub- terming
attng, axillary, solitary, erect; on very long, nearly upright round spikes, sometimes-.
Conjugate; flowers very mirjute. Itiseasi di ;uished by the leaves embracing the
stem. Native of Jamaica on rotten trees, and among the remains of those which have
fallen. — -fc'.

17. I " I'M. SMOOTH.

Herbaceous, leaves o.Vate-'acuminate; stem declined, rooting, very much
branched.

Stems vary long, crowded, procurolient or declining, rooting, leafy, roundish,
even; leaves alternate, quite entire, (he, ih;. '.kish, even; imrves five, distinct at the
back of the leaf; petioles shortish, channelled, red at the base. Spikes filiform,
nearly upright, sometimes hooked, terminating, or lateral, opposite to the petic4e&
peduiicled, solitary or conjugate. The colour of the whole plant is pale green; it is
nearly allied in acuminatum, but differs in having a weak stein, very much branched,
somewhat cr< id ro'omrg ; the leaves . les*, and not so thick ^

spikes smaller, shorter. The P. < of*Swartz is a variety of this.

IS. SI pPENi. SLCPhNT.

Herbaceous, leaves roundish-acute, flat, discoloured ; sicra creeping.

Stem puts forth capillary fibres on every side, is filiform, sub-divided, angular,
smooth, leafy; leaves alternate, roundish, but greater in width than length, retyseas
it were at the base, blunt, with a. very short point, half an inch in breadth, entire,
flat, somewhat succulent, veiniess, smo&th 6'n both sides, paler underneath ; peti .
shorter than the leaves, spreading, round, smooth. Spikes peduncled, round, half
an inch in length, upright; peduncles av.llnry, longer than the leaves, round, smooth,
solitary; flowers so minute as not to be distinguished by the naked eye, seperated by
ovate scales; filaments scarcely any; anthers two, by the side of the gei n; germ
ovate-acute; style none; stigmas three; fruit very minute, ovate-acute, #« ssile. It

b. e.

KEPPjni H O RT US J A M .' I C I : N I S. 57

may !•:• ''i anguished ffjm rolundifolium by the leaves not being orbiculate of'ovate,
the stem not divaricate, but more simple and thicker ; tbe leaves underneath paler and

-thicker, broad-ovate at the base, with a very short point. ' Native of rocky w\

-among moss. — Sw.

19. cordifouum. heart-leaved.

Herbaceous, leaves ob-cordate, peiio'Icd, pi tiro-convex, fleshy ; stem creeping.
Stem filiform, climbing,- rooting, divaricate, round, succulent; leaves alten
entire, smooth; petioles longish, reflex. Spikes on the lateral branches pedicelled,
opposite to t!te leaves, filiform, an inch long, solitary ; peduncles- shorter than it
..spikes; flowers very minute, whitish. The whole-plaivt has a sharp taste. It is very
distinct from the others. in the leaves, and grows in old woods on decaying trees.

20. KIOMMULABH OJ il'.M.

Herbaceous; leaves orbiculate, concavo-convex ;**tftem filiform, creeping,
rooting.

Fter.is two or three feet long, sub-divided, roundish, very smooth, soft; !
petioled, alternate, small, shining, somewhat sui :i ! nt, \ :r minli i v hairy on the
^entire margin. SpiU< > peduncled, terminating, short ; pedun ireely longer

th'.ii! the leaves, upright; flowerslvardly discernible, whitish. It resembles rotu; •
fpliu)n, but differs in liai in < a filiform divaricating stem, and orbicular concavo-coi.veK
leaves. i It grows on g;d trees — Sw.

2 1.- FILIFORM E. ' FILIFORM.

Herbaceous,. leaves linear, blunt, the uppermost in Whorls; stem filiform,
creeping.

Hoots capillary, stem creeping far and wide; four-cornered, smooth, striated, and
spotted; branch 3 short, ascending^ filiform, loose, nearly upright, four-sided, spot-
ted, smooth ; leaves .small, tbe lower-ones opposite, decussated, in fours at top, linear-
oblong, entire, underneath paler and Spotted with pale red, smooth on both sides;
petioles shortish -'Spikes terminating, pedur.cied ; peduncles upright, solitary, ter-

.minating, the length of the leaves, round, smooth; calyx none, but ;•„ roundish scale ;

."filaments tw >, very short, at the sides of the scale; anthers twin; germ oblong, co-
vered with the scale ; style none; stigma villose; berry oblong, minute. Native of

. Jamaica among moss at the roots of trees, on the high mountains. — Sw.

22. STELLATUM. STARRY.

Leaves in whorls three, four, or five, together, oblong, acuminate, three-
nerved.

This is an herbaceous plant, a foot high, or more ; root simple, filamentose, whitish ;
-stem round, leafy, pubescent, sometimes ferruginous. -Leaves four or five on a petiole,
entire, smooth, paler underneath, scarcely succulent ; the upper leaves are commonly
three, the lower four, seldom five, bpikes terminating, long, four or five, conjugate,
filifoun, loose ; flowers very minute, green ; no calyx, but an ovate smooth scale co-
vering the germ ; at the base of which are two very short filaments ; anthers roundish^
twin ; germ ovate ; no style ; stigma oblique, villose ; berry sessile, oblong. — Sw.

23. RETICOLATUM. NETTED.

Leaves cordate, seven-nerved, netted.
rfoL. II. H Ttas

3#, BORTUS JAMAICENSIS. rnmR

This is a shruba fathom in height ami more ; stem round, upright, smooth ; branches
somewhat jointed. Leaves alternate, large, cordate-rounded, acuminate, nine-nerved,
smooth; petioles smooth, striated, sheathing. Spikes lone, peduncle;!, opposite to
die leaves, round, upright; peduncles shorter than the petioles; stamens end pist- s
inserted spirally into the spike ; filaments scarcely aBA',; anthers two, sub-sessile, open-
ing transversely at the top ; germs tinder the anthers; styles three, thiekish j^ stigma
blunt.— Su:

24. IT! I UK! I. CM.. BEAUTIFUL.

Leaves in fours, sub-sessile, obi mg, nerveless, quite entire; stem round^.

spikes terminal!:'

This species is said to have been found in Jamaica by Thomas CJarkj.M.D.

25. SCABRUW; RUGGED.

Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, oblrque; wrinkled, rugged; spikes erect.

Tins is a shrub live or six feet high; stem upright, round, somewhat rugged;
branches spreading, rugged. Leaves alternate, many-nerved, veined; nerves rigid,
on the lower surface more raised ; petioles short, round. Peduncles opposite to the*
leaves, shorter th n the petioles, thick, roun I, rugged, solitary. Spikes two inches
long, cylindrical; flewer-s-crowded ; calyx none, but a minute roundish scale, at the
sides of which are two very short filaments; anthers very minute, roundish, twin;
germ ovate; styles none; stigmas three, recurved, permanent. It differs fron*
aduncum, which it resembles, verv much, in having wider leaves, brownish green not
paler, and upright not hooked spikes. Native of Jamaica in the mountains 01 the mi ■• I
tgmperate part, — Su\.

See Colt's- 1'eoT.

PEPPER-GRASS. LEPIDIUM.

Cl. 15, OR. 1. — Tetradynamia siliarfosa. Nat. or. — Slliquos/e.

This generic name is derived from a Greek word signifying a scale.

Gen. char.— Calyx a four-leaved perianth, leaflets ovate, concave, deciduous \
corolla four-petaled, cross-shaped ; petals ob-ovate, tuice the length of the calyx,
with narrow claws ; stamens six awl-shaped filaments, length of the calyx, tl.c two
Opposite ones shorter; anthers simple; the pistil has a heart-shaped germ, a
simple style, the length of the stamens, and an obtuse stigma; the pericarp a
heart-shaped silicic, emargmate, compressed, sharp oii the margin, two-celled ;
valves navicular, keeled, opposite the lanceolate dissepiment ; see Is some, ovate-
acumiriate, narrower at the base, nodding. One species is a native of Jamaica;
the sativuffl, or garden cress, has also been introduced.

1. VIRGINICUM, VIRGINIAN,

Jl'cris humilior annua Virginiaxia ramosior. Sloane, v. 1, p. 195,
t. 123, f. 3. Erectum ramosum, foliis inferioribus oblongis pinna-
iijidc lobatis, supcrioribus \angustii serrdtis. Browne, p. 272.

Flowers .

TCRP-cTuM HORTUS JAMAICEMS19. fe»

. . only two) stan. rjs an I fou - ; stem Ii

ianceolate-Kbear, serrati . ,

white, i I if tb, h:Y of them

being foot ! , with three ( • t the beginning oval, h

aiTinch broad, indented a out the ed , i

• and ahull . ,

! .ut it uiil. ; the branches also come dul mil

:id their ends flowers, small, white, four-petaied, on i part of

inch in length. , emargh . ■ ling one

. each ceil. — Sloane. It grows wild in , ,.:•;

in ' rupporters, ! I the plant has a hot pie

taste, h L t • ci is good ; .

plant.

2. SATIVUM. COM I

I ■ -•• ; leaves- oblong, multifid.

Tlrisisthi , sot ;. whi h thrives well in Ja-

nded to, ■ particular.) fond -i it, and it ! >

' -i that fatal disorder thi ms

it has been found vei > this valuable anii weH as mint and pennv-

i ell disceveced that a certain cause of the rot in she
whi< ii had \, • , ■.■..-

attention Of such :ss pens in low or s tionsin this i.slaiid. Perhaps

the sowing ^r' peppi md garden en ly through such pastures, mi,

counteract the bad quahties of the grass after on.; or by.;. •■ ... ..

in some spot, u> which the sheep may h \e ready access.

^Ko English frame. TERDICIU.M.

>.~L. 19, OR. 2. — Syngenesia polygamic, svperflua. Nat. or.. — Compositor-.
... char. — Common calyx oblong, imbricate: compound corolla imbricate, raved ;
corollets bilabiate ; there is no pericarp, the calyx unchanged ; seeds solitary, ob-
ovate; down capillary, sessile, very copious, the length of the calyx, fastigiate;
receptacle naked. One species is a native of Jamaica.

radiai.f. :j:atf..

Frutescensjfoliis nitidis aiatis daitatis'jue,Jloriius cojnosis. Browr.e^
p. 312, t. 33, f. I. Trix

Flowers sub-radiate, outer calyx four-leaved ; stem shrubby.
This plant agrees with this genus in its bilabiate capsules, but differs in its whole
habit. Br>wne calls it the shrubby Iritis, a little shrub very common in the savannas
about Kingston, seldom rising above four or five feet. The common receptacles are
disposed at the extremities of the branches, and the outer divisions of the flowers grow
gradually smaller, and curl more downwards as they approach the centre, which
the whole something the appearance of a radiated flower at the first appearance. .

II 2 PERIWINKLE,

oe- HORTUS JAM-AICENSI3. pnat.

PERIWINKLE. VINCA.

Cr.. 5, OR.l. — P^nlandriamonog-ynia. Nat. Oii.—Contort<e. -

This name is derived from iimo, to vanquish, as this plant., by creeping, subdue?
other plants.

Gi N. . ciiar. — Calyx a five-parted, erect, permanent, perianth ; corolla one-petaled,
salver-shaped ; tube longer than the calyx, cylindrtc-below, wider above, marked
with five lines, the mouth a pentagon ; border horizontal, five-parted; segments
fastened to the apex of the tube, wider outwards, and obliquely truncate; the
stamens five filaments, very -lion, n Se-xed and retro flexed; anthers membrara
ceo us, obtuse, erect, curved-ipj fariniferoos on both sides at the edge; the pistil
lias two roundish germs, with two roundish little bodies lying bv their si-les; style
one, common to both, length of the stamens ; stigma capitate, concave, placed
on. a fiat ring ; pericarp, two long, round, follicles, acuminate, erect, one-valvedj
openirjg longitudinally ; seeds numerous, oblong, cylindric, grooved, naked.

ROSEA. ROSE.

Stem siiffrutescent, erect; flowers in pairs, sessHe ; leaves ovate-oblong ; pe-
tioles two-toothed at the base*

Stem upright, branching, three o.r four feet high, when young succulent, jointed,
purple ; but as the plant advances, the lower parts become woody. The branches have
the joints very close, are covered with a smooth purple hark, and have oblong, ovate,
entire, leaves, smooth, and succulent, sitting pretty close to the branches. Flowers
axillary, solitary, on very shqtt. peduncles; tube long and slender; brim spreading
open, flat, divided into five broad obtuse segments, reflexed at their points. The.
upper surface of the petal is of a bright crimson colour, and the- under side pale flesh
colour There is also a white variety, both very ornamental plants. They were intro-
duced from the East Indies, and thrive well in Jamaica. The red kind, indeed, may
be found wild about the streets of Kingston and Spanish. Town, and in many other partis
of the island.

PETER'S WORT. ASCYRUM.

C-t.. 13, ok. t. — Polyadelpkia pvlj/aadria. Nat. or. — Rotacete.

This generic name is derived from a Greek word, signifying a soft plant.

Gen. char. — Calyx a four-leaved perianth, the cuter leaflets opposite, very minute,
linear; the inner heart-shaped, large, flat, erect; all permaJient ; corolla four
ovate pettds ; the outer opposite, very large, lac inner less; stamens numerous
lilanienis, bristle-shaped, slightly united at the base in fonr parts ; anthers rtund-
ish ; the pistil has an oblong germ ; style scarcely any ;. stigma simple ; the peri-
carp an oblong capsule, acuminate, one-celled, two-val\Ted, inclosed in the larger
leaves of the calyx ; seeds numerous, small, roundish, fixed to the edge of the
waiyes. One species is a native of Jamaica.

HVPERlCOn>£S,

2ycrfc!ANTH33 •■ ■ HO TIT US JAM AT CENSUS. £1-

IITPEniCOIDT9. HYPERICUM- LIKE.

Frvtfcosum minus, sttprMdecompositunf; ramutts gtatilibus mar'gim

Mat is ; Joins * linearibus, sessilibus, basi bigUnululis. Browne,-
p. 309.

ESates oblong ; branches ancipitnl.

This is an elegant little shrub, common- in the cooler mountains of Kew I igtianea,
rising about three feet, very full of leaves and branches. The filaments dd not seem
to be joined at the bottom. — Browne* The branches aTe dicbotomotis, the twigs Com-.'
pressed and ancipital. Leaves opposite, sub-sessile, lanceolate', obtuse, entire, very
finely perforated, smooth; at their base ace very small glands. Flowers terminating,..
peduncled, solitary, yellow ; two leaflets of the calyx are four times as big as the two
others, and inclose them ; they are-heart-shaped, brunt, and smooth; corolla cruei- •
form; petals the size of the larger leaves of the calyx spreading; filaments distinct,,
upright, surrounding the germ, the length of e petals ; germ oblong, sharp, com-
pressed; styles two, very short; stigmas blunt. Capsule compressed, covered -witlr
"*he shrivelled calyx.— Su\

Pet esia— See Rondeletku

JVb English Name. . PHYLLANTHUS.

Cl. 21, OR. 3. — Monoecia iriandriat Nat. or. — Tiicoccar.

This generic name is derived from two Greek words signifying leaf and a flower, flie
flower-growing out of the leaf

Gen. char.— Male calyx six-parted, bell-shaped; no corolla; filaments three,
anthers twin. Female calyx as in the male ; no corolla; nectary a rim of twelve
angles, surrounding . e germ ; the istil has khhI lish germ, three bifid styles,
and blunt stigmas ; the pericarp a . ui lish capsule, three u.-ooved, three-celled;
cells J>i valve; seeds solitary, roundish. One species is a native of Jamaica.

NUTANS. NODDtKG.

fficirli fructu glabro, arbor, julifera, lactescens folio myrtino.-—
Sioai. , v , t f 58, f. 2.

Shrnbbv, leaves lternate, oval, glaucous underneath; racemes terminating,
leaf), nodding.

TKis has gray coloured sn z\\ rents, which send up a trunk the bigness of a man's leg,
tttenty feet high, covered with a graj bark on the outside, on the inside red and milky.
T»ff twigs afterrain abound in flowers, after whica f'oilow leaves, two inches long and
onebioad, of a dark green sinning colour. The twigs have here and there a small
green' triangular fruit, on short nedicels, which afterwards enlarges, and contain* three "
jtattidish *eeds in three celisi — Shane.

Sec Sea-Side Laukei*

\m n out us jAmaicunsis. pm&fi

PHYSICSKUfc sTATROPILA.'

C'l. Si, or. 9. — Monoecia monaddphia. Nat. or. — Tricctae.
Ges. chjr.— iVe Cassada, /;. 16 1.

l.-cyiiCAS.
Ji.'ci)ius,.faisJ'rlio, f?oie pentapelalo viridi, Jrwctu'ievi pYndfilo-^
Sloane, v. , , p. 1k7. Assurg£fis, f.cus JvUq, dove fccrbactv.—~
Browne, p. 3±8.

• Leaves cordate, angular.

Stem from seven to cu;ht feet high, surTrutesceiit, round, smooth, and branched?;
leaves five-angled, the.angles at the base rounded, there a ute; flowers in termin-"
ating cymes ; peduncles alternate, upright, many-flowered ; flowers almost aggregate^
on very short pedicels. Mates copious ; females sessile, fewer, solitary in tiiejiiiddie
bf the cyme. In il>e males the calyx is five-leaved, with ovate convex leaflets ^ c**
rolla five- parted to the base, pale yellow; filaments ten to fourteen, connected from
the base. to. the, middle.; anthers .oblong, upright ; .glands five, at the base of the fila-
ments. Theifemalos have the calyx and corolla as in the- male; the latter green and
larger ; germ roundish, bluntly three-cornered ; style three- parted above the middle,
v;ia bifid tips..;, stigmas blunt. — SV. Capsule oblong, obtusely three cornered, large,
when ope wrinkled and rugged cu the outside; the rind thick -and coriaceous; the
three grains or cells papery, whitish, two-valved ; receptacle central, columnar,
slender, thickened at to] > into a flatted fungous head; seeds solitary, large, ovate-
oblong, convex on one side, on the other very obscurely angular, insomuch that they
are almost cylindric, produced at the tip into a hollow dagger point, on which there fS
a white fungous umbilicus ; they are black with minute chinks, and rough to the touch.
— Gartner. The physic-nut tree is very common in all the sugar colonies, but dies
-after a few years. The leaves are much used in resolutive baths and fomentations, and
the deeds sometimes as a purgative; hut they operate very violently, ami are there-
fore but little used. — Browne. The nuts contain an almond-like kernel, divided into
two parts, between which lie two milk-white thin membranaceous leaves, easily separ-
able from each other, and are perfect in every part, having the stalk middle riband
veins very visible. Grainger says the Spaniards name these nuts-aveilanos, or purga-
tives. By roasting they are supposed to lose part of their virulenry, and this is also
destroyed by taking out the little leaves between the lobes, but this Hughes says is an
error, in sweetness and agreeableness of flavour these nuts exceed an almond, but
three or four of them will operate briskly both up and down ; and the oil prepared from
them, in the same manner as from the oil nut, is recommended in dropsy ; the dose a
table-spoonful. A decoction of the leaves, Br. 'Wright informs us, is often used wisfc
advantage in spasmodic belly-ache, attended with vomiting, -its easier on the. stom&h
than any thing else, and seldom fails to bring on a discharge by stool. The leaves,
pounded and boiled in hoys-lard, applied warm on hard swellings, are a good resol-
vent. The following remarkable i ase, which shews the great virtues of the juice of
this plant, has been communicated to the compiler by a gentleman of great respecta-
bility (Oliver llcring, Esq.) of the parish of Westmorland :

. " i was attacked by the piles, I believe in consequence of taking aloes with calomel,
and suffered for several weeks incredible torments. The sphincter and rectum were

•violently

rarest H-ORTUS J^MAICENSIS5. 6*

violently swelled and indurated, the latter apparent for some inches upwards, and there
waa a considerable" discharge of pus. My- medical friends apprehended Umt I had -i
fistula, and were considering of the usual operation, hut gave me some time tq decide
on submitting to it. In this interval 1 used an ointment made of the milk of thephysic -
nut shrub, mixed with half its quantity of melted hogs-lard, and applied in ward I v. as
i \v as it could be pressed. In live days all the swelling and induration were reduced,
and in a wr ek I was perfectly free from pain. This remedy was told by an old Cbro-
mantee woman to her mistress, who is my neighbour- afl •'. bj hei* communicated to
me. It is very astringent, and gives an ugly stain to linen. I have since heard that
this juice, which is acquired by cutting or breaking the branch of the shrub, is com-
monly used by negroes in dispelling tumours. In mercy to suiFta'cro in the same wav
this ought to be published."

i. MULTinra. mcltifid: v

Asmrgens, Joliis digitalis, lacutiis angustis pinnatifidis. Browne*
p 3-tS.

Leaves many-patted, ever.; stipules bristle-shaped, multilid, •

This grows generally to the height of five, six, or seven feet, with a very smooth
sU'firutesccnt stem, and spreading brandies. Stipules bristle-shaped, multifi I, at the
baSe of the .branches and petioles. Leaves alternate, sub- peltate, multifid ; the divi-
sions pinnate, with the odd leaf longer, smooth, but whitish underneath. Peduncles
terminating, very long, round, thick, very smooth, sub-divided ; pedicels coloured,
in corymbs ; (lowers small, red. Malcs-v-ery numerous ; females solitary, sub-sessile;
in the former the calyx five-cleft, coloured ;, petals fivo, ovate-entire; nectary live-
parted, surrounding the stamens ; .filaments eight, red, united at the base; anthers"
ovate, yellow.: In the latter the calyx is five-parted, coloured; corolla five- petaled,
petals ovate, red ; germ three-cornered, green ; styles three, shorter, red, bifid at
top; stigmas blunt ; capsule large, oblong, growing yellow as it ripens; seeds soli-
tary, round. — \v>. This plant is now very common, and, having been first introduced
into the French islands from the continent, is known by the name of French physic-nut.
From its bunches of beautiful red flowers it is a very ornamental plant. The seeds are
purgative, but operate so violently that it is dangerous to make use of them ; though,
formerly the Spaniards administered scarcely any other medicine. The whole plant,
Swartz observes, distils a tenacious watery liquor.

Physic-Nuts. — Some call them iyle-berrns of India. They purge strongly upwards
and downwards, given from three to live ; -they may be candied over, and given un-
known to nice palates ; if the inward film he taken out, they will work more gently — ■
The best way of preparing them is, firstto torrify them ; then take off the outward skin
and inward film, that is, the sprout or punctum saiiens ; then bruise them in a mortar,
and steep them in Madeira wine ; and they will purge well all gross humours. They
afford great quantities of oil, which may be got by boiling or expression, and which
purges strongly ; this oil they use or burn in their lamps in Brasil. If you rub the
stomach with the oil, it will purge and kill worms; it cures the itch, and deterges
ulcers. There are three or four sorts of these trees ; but one, in particular, differs
very n^eh from the rest, whose leaves are more divided, and have a very beautiful

scarte't

«» HORTUS JA.MAICENSIS. i.'Giar:

scarlet flower '. These never grow so high as the other sorts: tfceyare called French
physic-nuts, and their purging quality is more strong than any of the other sorts. —
jiurham, p. 1*1.

3 DIVARICA.TA. DIVARICATE.

Leaves ovate-acuminate, entire, very smooth ; racemes divaricating. -Sic. Fr.
p. 98.

This species oijalropha wasr<bund in Jamaica l)j Svrartz.

.See Cassada.

Pickeiiing's-Herb — fee Christmas Pk;de.

PIGEON or ANGOLA PEA. CYTISUS.

Cl. 17, OR. 4. — Diadclphia tlecandria. ' NaT. OR. — Papilionaceai

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed, two- lipped, perianth ; tipper lip two-cleft, lower
three-toothed ; corolla papiljonact ou s ; stamens diad< Iphous filaments, with sim-
ple anthers ; the pistil. has an oblong germ, a simple .style, and obtuse stigma ;
the pericarp an oblong jegume, attenuated at the base, stiff; seeds few, iadney-
form, compressed. One species is a native of Jamaica.

CAJAX.

Laburnum kutnilius, siliqua inter grana et grana juncfa, semine
cstulcnlo. SJoane, v. 2, p. 31. Fru/icosus, erectus, raviosus,
triphyllus; foliis sub-cinereis oblangis.; vexillo variegato-, giliqua
eompressa, ad semina torosa. Browne, p. 296.

Racemes axillary, erect.; leaflets sub-lanceolate, tomentose, the middle one on
a larger petiole.

This rises with a weak shrubby stalk eight or ten feet high, sending out many side
branches, which grow nearly erect ; the leaves are alternate, always three together,
dark green above, paler below, very soft to the touch. The flowers come out from the
side of the branches, single o. in clusters, of a deep yellow colour ; calyx sub-pubes-
cent; standard erect ; wings horizontally flat ; keel blunt; stamens truly diadelphous ;
legumes hairy, clammy, about three inches long, sickle-shaped, ending in a long
sharp point, swelling where each seed is lodged ; seeds roundish, a little inclined to
kidney-shape. The pigeon pea is so called on account of pigeons being fond of them ;
it is a very hardy plant, and thrives in the poorest soil. When young, and properly
cooked, it is very little inferior, as a green, to English peas; and, when old, is an
excellent ingredient in soups. The leaves are very good fodder for cattle, hogs, and
horses. It is a perennial plant, bearing when about a year old, and lasts from five to
seven years in good soil, whence it has derived the name of seven-year-pea. They
have generally blossoms, green and dry fruit, upon them at the same time, and con-
tinue in bearing for several months of the year, about Christmas ; and therefore some-
times called in Jamaica the Christinas pea. Dried they keep for a considerable time,

and

mzof HOHTUS JAMAICENSIS, „•,

.. I ire a very wholesome pulse, Barham observes that the juice of the leaves, or dis«
tiii I water, fro in them, makes an ex< eyewater.

r t) of tibia species has been introduce 1 into the botanic garden, Ligua

h> «J s; as also two other erotic species of this genus, the (aburn'u a and

ID si us.

PIGEON-WOOD. GUETTARDA.

Cl. 21, oh. 6.— Monoecia be-xandria, Nat. or. — Trieocca.

So named by i irmeus in honour of J. E. Guetcard, member of the Academy of
Scie;uo:> at Pans, and author of a book on plants, 1717.

Gem. char. — Calyx a onc-leafel cylindric perianth; cacalla o>ie-petaled, funnef-
. '. four to six filament*; with linear anthers ; the pistil a fili-

form style. Female pistil has a roundish inferior germ, a filiform style, and sub-
■ :tigma; the pericarp a dry.drupe ; seed a lobel-nnt. Tvvaspecies are na-
tives of J (...aica.

1. SPECIOSA. BEAUTIFUL.

Arbor, forte prunifera, folio subratundo gTribro, venis purpur.eis. — ■
Sloane, v. _», p. 131, t. 221, f. 2. Arboreseens,fotiis smrotundis
siibtus a '..'i.v/;, s; cisjit nan bigemim's, substentaculislongis ala-
ribus insidentibuf. Browne, p. 205, t. 2X>, f. 1.

"Leaves sob-cordate, ovate, obtuse with a point, silky underneath ; flowers with

six or seven stamen <.

This tree has the habit of hernandia. The leaves are very large, naked, quite en-
tire, with alternate, veins : the petioles are much shorter than the leaves, and com-
pressed. The peduncle is opposite to the petiole, but on the upper branches there
are two opposite peduncles; they all terminate in a very short dichotomons cyme. — ■
The male flowers are sessile, alternate, from the upper side only of tho cyme ; calyxes
somewhat tomentose, scarcely apparently two-lobed ; tube of the corolla tomentose;
lobes of the border oval oblong, one-third only the length of the tube ; no germ ;
style shorter by half than the tube; stigma cylindric-headad, obtuse. The females
. flowers are like the males, but have a germ succeeded by a drupe, containing six large
woody seels, connected together.-;— Linneus. This small tree grows plentifully in
Sixteen-Mile- Walk, and may be always seen in the small wood behind the church;
the bark ;s smooth, and the leaves large an d roundish ; it seldom rises above eight or
ten feet in height, or exceeds three or four inches in diameter, and the disposition of
the flowers is very remarkable, as well ar, the texture and form of the leaves. I have
not seen any of the fruit in a perfect state. — Browne. Dr. Browne named this plant
Jutlesia, . after the Kev. Dr. Hales, author of the Vegetable Statics. The fruit of this
plant is a moist drupe, unilocular, and of an obscure purple colour, when ripe; it
encloses a ligneous quadrilocular nut, containing one seed in eacli cell, and is ripe in
October and November. The tree is known by the name of pigeon-wood, and is saui
jo be a very hard wood, beautifully grained. In the young plants, the leaves aro
Vol. II. I ptirp! ~U

66 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. FWft*T*»

purplish above and more so beneath, their veins finely tinged with the same- colour.— ^
J. Robinson. There is another pig ton-it ood, better known by that name, and notice^
ill the following article, whose genus is perhaps still undetermined.

# 2. ELLIPTICA. ELLIPT.C.

Leaves elliptic, pubescent ; fio.wers wijji four stamens. — 5a?,-

1'IGEON OR ZEBRA WOOD:- Genus UnJcnoun:

Gl. 5, OR. I. — PenUindria monogynia.

Gen. CHAIt. — Calyx a perianth, very small, monophyllous, campanulate, quinquefid,
pregnant with the germ, and permanent; corolla monqpetalous, and funnel-
shaped ; the tube slender, pentagonal, and four times the length of the cup ; the
limb is quinquefid, the lacinia linear, channelled or furrowed on their iuside, re-
volute, and one-third longer than the tube; there are five small glam's, one
placed at each divarication of the lacinia? ; the stamina consist of five cqual.decli-
nated filaments, arising from the base of the tube, equalling the laciniae in length;
anthers very long, slender, and vermiform ; trie style is filiform, undulated, and
equal in length to the corolla ; the fruit is an oblong ovate capsule, bivalved, and
splitting open from the top to the base, coronated with the lacinite of the cup ;
the seeds are many, small, round, compressed, and decorated with a ibliaceous
margin.

Fvliis ob-orato cbloigis, spiciffis alaribus ; ligno durisshno^ ex sub-
luteo etfusco variegato. Browne, p. 368.

Browne places this tree among those whose characters he had not been able to obtain.
It is a shrubby tree, generally found in the mountains, rising sixteen or eighteen feet
high, but seldom exceeds four inches in diameter. The wood is bard, of a close even.
grain, bears a good polish, and is beautifully striped and clouded. It is used by car-
penters for fineering.

PIIUENTA. MYRTUS.

Cr.. 12, or. l. — Icosandria monogynia. Nat. or.. — Ilcxperidtei -
GEN. CHAR. — See Baybcrrv, p. 75.

PIMENTA. ._
Myrtus arborca aromatica foliis lawunis. Sloane, v. 2, p.,76, t. If"T,
f. 1. Foliis oblongo emits, racemis tenninalibus el lateralibus. —
Browne, p. 247.

Flowers trichotomous-panicleu ; leaves oblong-lanceolate.

The pimenta, pimento, Jamaica pepper, or allspice-tree, grows about thirty feet
in height and two in circumference ; the branches near the top are much divided und
thi'-l ly beset with leaves, which, by their fontinual verdure, always gives the tree a

beautiful

rwexTA II OUT US JAMAICENSIS, &r

beautiful appearanoe ; the bark is very smooth externally, and of a gfc-v colour; the
reaves vary in shape and in size, but arc commonly about tour inches 1o:)g, veined-,
pointed, elliptical, and of a deep shining green colour ; the flowers are proJuced in
bunches or panicles, and stand upon subdividing or trichotomous stalks, which usually
terminate the branches ; the calyx is cut cito four roundish segments ; the petals are
also lour, white, small, reflex, oval, and placed opposite to each other between tho
segments of the calyx ; the filaments are numerous, longer than the petals, spreading,
of a greenish white colour, and rise from the calyx and upper part of the germen ; the
afltheroe are roundish, and of a pale yellow colour ; the style is smooth, simple, and
erect ; the stigma is obtuse ; the germen becomes a round succulent berry, containing
two kidney- shaped flattish seeds. This tree is a native of Spain and the West India
islands. It flowers in June, July, and August.

The pitnenta trees prow spontaneously, and in great abundance, in many parts of:
Jamaica, hut more- particularly op hilly situations near the sea, on tne northern sides
uf that islaod ; where they fcrm the most delicious groves that can possibly be ima-
gined; lilling the air with fragrance, an J giving reality, though in a very distant part
of the globe, to cur great poet's description of those balmy gales, which c'onvey to the
delighted voyager

" Saboean odours from the spicy shore

" OfAraby the blest. ■

" Cheat'd with the grateful smell, old Ocean smiles."
This tree is purely a child of nature, and seems to mock all the labours of man, ifi
his endeavours to extend or improve its growth ; not one attempt in fifty to propagate
ttie young plants, or to raise them from the seeds, in parts of the country where it is
not found growing spontaneously, having succeeded." The usual method of forming
a new pimenta plantation (in Jamaica it is called a walk) is nothing more than to ap-
propriate a piece of woodland, in the neighbourhood of a plantation already existing,
or in a country where the scattered trees are found in a native state, the woods of which
being fallen, the trees are suffered to remain on the ground, till they become rotten
and perish. In the course of twelve months after the first season, abundance of youn«-
pimenta plants will be found growing vigorously in all parts of the land, being-, with-
out doubt, produced from ripe berries scattered there by the birds, while the fallen
trees,, etc. afford them both shelter and shade. At the end of two years, it will be
proper to give4.be land a thorough cleansing, leaving such only of the pimenta trees
as have a good appearance, which will then soon form such groves as those I have
described, and, except perhaps for the first four or five years, require very little at-
tention afterwards t

Soon after the trees are in blossom, the berries become fit for gathering, the fruit
not being suffered to ripen 0{t the tree, as the pulp in that state, being moist and

I 2 glutinous,

* Birds eagerly devour tlie ripe seeds, and, muting them, propagate thesa trees in all parts of the wood:.
It is thought that the seeds passing through them undergo some fermentation, which fits them better for
vegetation tlian those gathered immediately from the tree. Long says he believes this to be tlie feet, for the
ripe berries will take with more'ceituinty after being laid together some days to sweat. Miller mentions a
circumstance of their being kept in a heap for two years, and, having fermented, grew in great abundance
with the first rains after they were sown.

t It seems particularly fond of a white marly or chalky soil, having a shallow sitrraca of mould, and of the
teeky lands, which can scarcely be put to any other use; but it requires refreshing showers in its ihfaut
state, antd therefore is-traiaed with difficulty in the most southern hills near the coast.

6$ IIORTUS JAMA ICF.N SIS. IfMENTA

glutinous, is difficult to cure3 and, when dry, becomes black an J tasteless. It is im-
possible, however, to prevent some of the ripe berries from mixing with ilie rest; but,
if the proportion of them be great, the price of the commodity is considerably injured.

It is gathered by the hand ;* — one labourer on the tree, employed in gathering the
small branches, will give employment to three below (who are generally women and
children) in picking the berries ; and an industrious picker-will fill a hag of seventy
pounds a day. It is then spread on a terrace, and exposed to the sun for about seven
days, in the course cf which it loses its green colour, and becoi cs of a reddish brown,
and when perfectly thy it is fit for market.

The returns from a piperita walk in a favourable season are prodigious. A single-
tree has been known to yield one hundred and fifty pounds of the raw fruit, or otic
1 1 tin Ired weight of the dried spice; there being commonly a loss in weight of one- third
in curing; but this, like many other of the minor productions, is exceedingly uncer-*
tain, and perhaps a very plenteous crop occurs but once in five years. Its annual ex-
port from Jamaica 'he only one of our colonies which produces pimenta] is about six
thousand bags of one hundred and twelve pounds each. — Edwards.

Some of these trees are observed to bear no fruit, which has led several persons ta-
conjecture that there are male and female trees; but Dr. Browne refutes this notion ;
asserts they are hermaphroditical, and supposes, that if those called males were lopped
ami broken like the rest, for one or two ) ears, they would produce equally well.f

As there is so great an af&nity between this and the true clave, it has been proposed
SS worthy of trial, if the fruit, When first formed, or the flowers picked off the tree,
and dried, might not answer the same purpose as the Asiatic ; at least it might answer
as a good succedaneam for that s;>icc, and deserves the experiment, as being the
growth of our own colony.

A walk once formed is attended with little or no labour, or ore, till the time of

gathering, and this is performed with vcrv few hands ; nor is tl : la id useless for other
purposes; for under the trees is genei I pasturage foi cattle, horses, or sheep.

The more odoriferous and smaller the berries arej the better * ounted at

market. The leaves and bark are fid 1 of aromatic inflamma I i cles, for which

reason the growers are extremely cautious not' to'suffer any fire to be made near the
walks.

Pimenta is deservedly esteemed the most temperate, mild, and nocent, of all the-
cotnmon spices, and fit to come into more general u>f, irfstead i I the eastern com-
modities of this kind, which it far surpasses, by promoting di ti in, attenuating
UMigh humours, moderatel} warming and fortifying the stOm: tr, i pelling wind, and
doing other friendly offices to the bowels'. A*de< i tion ol ,\ , used by way of

fomentation, has relieved in rheumatic aches and pains of the bom — Long.

Pimenta berries are chiefly imported into Britain from Jamaica j whence the name-

Jamaka

• Ity tw istincr rift' the small twi«r« containing bunch ■ I !' UH fniit. win b is U beaten off, when

flic leaves coil a little, t>_\ small sticks. The berries are t!.o:ight sufiicienti; i % '.,,i the seels in tlinn
rattle.

t Browne says he co:ild never observe a distinct male or female t iwef o» . j. Swartz assert1: it

i- polygainon ', having barren and fertile ll iwers, eitb) I together or ua ;. v! rm I ;. lat ihe calyx, which

i- called the fruit, or is inferior, i- present in most of the species, ■ .- to form a distinct
geritis, rather performing the office ol a bracte; and that the berry is cunn»o.jiy oue-seeded, though its&me-
^uues appears to be thri e-sceded.

r.i.KE • HGRTUS J AM A I C EN ST S. <*)

Jamaica pepper. Itis*also< l-spice, from its taste apd' flavour being supposed

to resemble those of many different ?i)ice-s mixed together. This spice, which was
first exported for dietetic uses, has been long" employed i:i the shops as a succedaneum
to the mure costly oriental arorhatics : it is rcroderStely warm, of an agreeable flavour,
somewhat resembling' that of a mixture of cloves, cinnamon, and nutmegs. Distilled
with water it yields an elegant essential oil, so ponderous as to smk in the water, in
taste moderately pungent, in smell and flavour approaching to the oil of cloves and
nutmegs. To rectified spirit ifimparts, by maceration or digestion, the whole of its
virtue; in distillation it give., ever very little tj this menstruum, nearly all its active
itftttter remaining concentrated in the inspissated extract. Pimenta can scarcely be
considered as a medicine ; it is, however, an agreeable aromatic, and, on this account,
is not unfrequently employed with different chugs, requiring such a grateful adjunct.
Both the Pharmacopoeias direct an aqueous and spirituous distillation to be made from
tiiese berries, and the Edinburgh College order also the oleum essentials p:pcii*
Jamaicenm, ,

See Bayberuy — Myrtle — Silver-Tree'.

PivrtRNCLL — Air Broomwelb and Dwarf Pimperneix.
I'i.XDARS — Act Ground-N UTS.

PINE-APPLE. DROMELIA.

CL. 6, ok. 1. — Hexdndria menogynia. Nat. or. — Corenaria,
GcSt CHAR. — See Penguin, vol. 1, p. is.

a Sana, •
Leaves ciliate-spiny, mucronate ; spike comose. *
Tbis is an herbaceous plant, with leaves somewhat resembling those of the aloe, but
-rot so thick or succulent, for the most part serrate on their edges, and armed with
prickles. The fruit resembles in shape the ccwie of some species of the pine-tree,
vhence the name has beei> derived. There are several varieties of this well knoun,
elegant, and delicious fruit ; all of which thrive well in Jamaica. Some of the3e have
been obtained irom seeds, which, it is thought, if sown more frequently, would pro-
duce still mere varieties. The principal known are — 1, queen pine; 2, sugar-loaf;
3, king ; 4, smooth ; 5, g«een ; 6, black Antigua or Ripley ; 7, Granada ; 8, bog-
walk ; 9, smooth long narrow-leafed ; 10, Mohtserrat; II, Surinam: but it is im-
possible to enumerate all, as- new varieties may arise everyday. They are all propa-
gated by planting the crowns or suckers, which latter come more quickly to maturity,
iind are therefore generally preferred. The suckers-or crown should be left to dry for
a few days ; the crowns especially, for if planted before the bottom is hard and healed
over, they are apt to rot : if the' suckers be drawn carefully, they will have a hard skin
over the lower part, and need not lie so long ; they should be divested of their lower
leaves so high as to allow depth for their planting, but should be thoroughly dried and
liealed before put in the ground, as they often perish by rotting when this is not
observed.

Tbe

fo H Out us jam-aice-n-sis. • tlan^sjj

The pine thrives best in a brick mould and warm situation. Some persons cultivate
them on the top of small ridges or banksj raised about eighteen inches, and disposed
in straight rows ; they grow most luxuriantly when they>are thus associated together,
like the penguiu, andthe sinkers from them are stronger and finer than when the planes
pre separated at a distance from each other, and their roots-are likewise kept cooler and
moister. '1 hey are subject, especially in a very dry season, to be attacked with a
small white insect, which, if not destroyed, will overspread the leaves quite to the
root, stop the growth of the plants, and consume their juice. This is suspected to be
the same which frequently does such mischief, in long droughts, to the cane-pieces,
and is called the blast. In order to kill.them, it has been recommended to steep the
fresh leaves and stems of tobacco, for twelve hours in water, and sprinkle all tire plants
every day with this water, by means of the common garden pot, till the insects disap-
pear; the water so impregnated is sail to kill these animalcules, without doing the
smallest injury to the plants. Some use a sponge ; but this is too laborious and dila-
tory a method, where the plants are numerous, and all or most of them affected. —
P< rhaps a strong decoction of the tobacco leaves, used when perfectly cool, might be
found stid more effectual ; the experiment might likewise be practised on cane-pieces,
by means of a water engine, with a rose head fixed on the discharging pipe.

I'he fermented juice -of the sweeter sorts of pine has been made into -a very pleasant
wine, and is sometimes mixed in the cisterns that contain the liquor for rum, in order
to communicate a more agreeable zest. They are a profitable commodity in this island,
either for sale in the towns, or to the shipping; and some of the fruit is exported l>y
way of present, preserved in syrup, as they form a very elegant appearance, with
their crowns, at a desert. —Long, p. 793.

Dr. Wright says pines have a detersive quality, and are better fitted to cleanse the
mouth and gums than any gargle whatever.

See Penguin and Sh.k Grass.
Pitcairnia — See Scarlet Pjtcairnu.

PLANTAIN, ENGLISH. PLANTAGO.

Cl. 4, or. 1. — Telrandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Plantagines.
Gen. char. — Calyx a four-cleft perianth, erect,- very short, permanent; corolla
one-petaled,, permanent, border four-cleft, reflex; stamens four long capillary
filaments, with oblong anthers ; the pistil has an ovate germ, a filiform style, and
simple stigmas ; the pericarp an ovate two-celled capsule, cut transversely ; seeds
several or solitary, oblong.

MAJOR. GREATER.

F.lantttgp. Sloane, v. 1, p. 199. Foliis lalioribus subrotundis quinauc
nerxiis ad margincm appendicuiatis. Browne, p. 145.

Leaves ovate, smoothish, shorter than the petiole ; scape round ; spike having
the florets imbricate ; seeds very many.

The root i* the thickness of the thumb, prxmorsc, or stumped, laying stronghold

of

yiiANTAIW

HORTUS JAMAICEXSIS. 71

of the earth by its fibres, which strike deeply, and are whitish : leaves petiolcd, seven to
wine ribbed, somewhat hairy when young, about a hand in length, often remotely
toothed about the edge. Petioles long, convex r.n the under side, concave above,
each forming a kind of sheath at its bake ; scapes upright, pubescent, longer than the
leaves. Spikes cylindrical, very long, linear, composed o'f many closely imbricate
ilowers, under cadi of which is a lanceolate concave bracte; Divisions of the calyx
ovate, concave, blunt, smooth, nearly equal ; anthers purple, two-celled, each cell
terminating at bottom in a point; style villose. Capsule superior, covered with the
shrivelled corolla, papery; seeds few. Browne observes that "this plant, whether
introduced here originally, or a native, is very common in most parts of the island,
especially in the cooler mountains*} it is indeed found in many places where we have
no reason to think it had ever been cultivated by the human species, but birds might
probably have done tire work. Every part of the plant is considered as a gentle su ■
astringent; the seeds are frequently used in vulnerary waters and mixtures; ami the
leaves often applied with success to sores and wounds." The seeds afford food
for birds, and cattle eat the leaves* For an [Hemorrhage of blood, lake as much
English plantain leaf as when squeezed will fill a table spoon with the juice, which is
to-be drank, and the dose repeated at intervals as wanted. This simple application
lias never been found to fail. The juice of this plant is a good eye-water.

Inwardly used, the leaves have been found beneficial in pthisical complaints, spitting
of blood, and fluxes-. The seeds, however, seem better adapted to relieve pulmonary
complaints, being more mucilaginous. The roots have also been recommended for
the cure of tertian internments. An "ounee or two of the expressed juice, or the like
quantity of strong infusion, may be given for a dose ; in agues the dose should be
double, and taken at the commencement of the fit. Plantain is said to be a cure for
the bite of the rattle-snake, but probably witlriittle foundation, although it is one of
the. principal ingredients in the remedy of the negro Cesar, who, for the discovery,,
received m considerable reward from the assembly of South Carolina. .

PEANTAIN-TREE. MUSA.

CK 23, OR. 1. — Polygamia monoecia. Nat. or. — Scitamine<e.
This received its generic name in memory cf Antonius Musa, the freedman of
Augustus.

Gen. char. — Hermaphrodite flowers more, towards the base of the simple spadix,
seperate .in alternate spathes : -Calyx- a partial ovate-oblong spathe, plano-con-
cave, large, many-flowered; corolla unequal, ringent ; the- petal-constituting the
ft tipper lip, but the nectary the under lip j -petal erect, ligulate, truncate, five-

toothed, converging in front at the. base; nectary one-leafed, cordate, boat-
shaped, compressed, acuminate, spreading outwards, shorter than the petal, in-
f. serted within the sinus of the petal; stamens six awl-shaped filaments, five of

which within the petal are erect, the sixth, within the nectary, reclining; anthers
linear, _from the middle to the top fastened to the filament, but most frequently
there is only one anther on the sixth filament, and very small ones oi none on she
rest; the pistil has a very large germ, obtusely three-sided, very long, inferior ;
stjde cyliudric, erect, (lie length of the petal ; stigma headed, roundish, ob-
scurely -. .

Z II CRT US JAMAICEX5IS. r - tl-xktaw

■: iy six-cleft ; the pericarp a fleshy berrv, revered with an lui>V, obscure' v
three or six-sided, gibbons qii one si e, ohe-celled, hollow in. the iniddle; seeds
very maiVy, nestling, sub-globular^ wrinkjed-tubercled, excavated at the base,,
or only rudiments. Males on the same s] a ii :, fcbove the hermaphrodite powers,
seperated by spathes : Calyx, corolla, and nectary, as in the hermaphrodites;
the stamens have filaments as in the hermaphrodites, equal, erect; anther; the
same, o:i the filament pipped within the nectary, most trequently very smajl or
none; the pistil has a get ti as in the hermaphrodite, but I. <~; style and stigma
ti:.' -ai t , but less, and id -re obscure ; pericatp abortive, Two species are cul-
tivated in Jamai, a.

1. PARATUSIACA. PAffABISE.

Mum, caudice viridi, frit 'u I \gioi:e, falcatn, anguloso. Sloarre-, x.
■2, p I l. .fpadicc nutanti, frjifttt triquet.ro obtongo wiajori. —
Bro • ;i •, p. 363.

Spadix nodding ; male flowers permanent.

Root a perennial, roundish, soli I, watery, bujb, d i ' y i the out-dde, white within.
Stem s;>lt, fifteen or twenty feet high, v ■•, si aight, quite pimple, round* smooth,
fungous, watery, lamellatcd ; the Ian ;n ilntaed, f?aph ending in lof." chart t

nel led embracing petioles, imbric; .-base. The lower part of -the stem is the

thickest, in 'j,-'">1 soil often a foot in di muter, diminishing gradually to the top, where
the leaves come out on every side; these are often eight feet long, and from two to
three feet broad, with a strong fleshy mid-i;ib, and a great number of transverse veps
running from the mid-rib to the borders, i The leaves are thin and tender, so thaj they
are generally torn by the wind ; for as they are large it has great power against them :
these Itfaves come out !nm the cc ntre of the stalk, and are, closely rolled up at their
first appearance, like a perpendicuh r spike, but gradually expand, and turn backward.
As these leave; come up thus rolled, their advance upward is so quick, that their
growth may almost be discerned by the naked eye ; and if a tine line is drawn across,
level with the top of the leaf, in an hour's time the leaf-will be an inch above it. When
the plant is grown to its .full height, the spikes of flowers .will appear in the centre,
which is often near tour feet jr. length, and nods on one side. The flowers come out
in bunches ; those in the lower part of the spike being the largest ; the others diminish
in their si;-..' upward. Each of these Lunches is .covered with a spathe or sheath of n
purple colour, which drops off. when the dowers open. The upper part of the spike
is made up of male or barren flowers, which are not succeeded by fiuit, but fall off
with their covers. The fruit or 'plantains are about a foot loner, and two to three inches
diameter; it is at .first green, but when ripe of a pale yellow colour. The skin is tough ;
and within is a soft pulp of a luscious sweet flavour. The spike; of fruit arc often so
large as to weigh upwards of fori y pounds. The fruit is generally cut before it is ripe.
Tl.e green skin is pulled 'ill', and the heart is roasted in a clear fire for a few minutes,
and frequently turned ; it is then scraped and served up as bread. This tree is culti-
vated on a very extensive scale in Jamaica, and forms a principal part of the food of
the negroes ; to whom it is, cither roasted or boiled, a palateable and strengthening
food. Plantains will also fatten horses, cattle, swine, dogs, fowls, and other domestic:
animals.

The.

PUvtain tfOHTUS JfAMATCEN-tT* 73

The young leaves, before they clisci< mselves, are most I) ihuu4

fe.'.t. and employed as dressings for blisters, than whi '! noni i be more mi iper.-
Tlie water from the soft trunk lS-aStringerit, anil employed by some tp check diarrlm-as.

This, as well as the banana tree, hath the name oimu-a, and they are so alike, that,
unless person;, are well acquainted with them they would hot know one from the otbcjj .
at sight; but the fruit differs; they being much longer and larger thai> the banana.— •
Tire fruit of this tree is the best of all the Indian food for negroes, -and makes them tha
most able to perform their labour, and therefore must he of great nourishment.—
Roasted before they are ripe, they eat like bread ; they are eaten boiled or roasted, and.
one roasted that is ripe, and battered, eats very delicious.

If you thrust a knife into the body of one of these trees, there will come o:it a great
quantity of clear water, \\ bich is very rough and restnogent, stopping all sorts of fluxes :
1 have advised persons subject to spit bioud to drink. Irequentiy of this water, wht< h
cured them.'— Jiarham, p. 147.

This is cultivated in every inland settlement, or wherever the soil and seasons are
propitious to k, with great care, as the fruit supplies a principal part of sustenance to
the inhabitants, black ami white. It thrives best in a cool, rich, and moist, soil, arid
is commonly planted in regular walks or avenues. It is propagated by the suckei ,
which spring up from the roots, set at the distance of six, eight, ten, or twelve feet.
apart, and the latter more commonly, as the root throws up every year a number of
young sprouts,, and consequently require a considerable space to be allowed for their
ex tension.

When the bunch, or cluster,, of fruit is gathered, the stem gradually decays ; to
prevent, therefore, the young stickers from being injured, the stem is always cut down
close to the ground when the fruit is wanted, in order to assist the growth of the new
plants.

The fruit is generally used when it is full grown ; but, before^t ripens, this is known
by the colour, which turns yellow, as soon as it begins to grow ripe. It is peeled, and
either roasted in embers, or boiled ; and thus served up at table, instead of other
bread. Many white persons, alter being accustomed to it- for some time, prefer it to
bread, especially when young and tender. The negroes commonly boil it in their
messes of salt-lish, beef, or pork, broth, and find it a very strengthening wholesome
food. When the fruit is ripe, it becomes lusciously sweet; it may then be made use
of for tarts, or sliced and fried in butter. The Spaniards dry and preserve it as a sweet
meat ; and, perhaps, it is wholesomer than many other sorts of confectionary that are
more in vogue. The ripe fruit and maize together are the best food for hogs put up
to fatten ; and give their flesh and fat a most exquisite flavour and firmness.

The leaves are dried, and made into mats, and stuffing for matrasses, pads, &c—
Browne 3( Long.

The juice which flows from the skin of the green plantain, when cut, forms a good
cement for broken china, or other earthen ware. Instance* have occurred of the plan-
tain-tree bearing two bunches at a time, which is, however, very rare and remarkable.
One is mentioned in the Columbian Magazine for 1799, communicated by Mr. Robert
Napier, as the production of a tree, in Southfield, his own plantation ; one bunch was
Vol. II K nearly

34' HO JIT US JAItfAICiENSIS; pfcANTSHB

nearly ripe, from lb c same stem, and closely joining the other, which' was shooting;
out. He mentions haying been forty-seven years in Jamaica, and never saw the like.
There is a variety known by the name of maiden plantain; the common kind being-
palled /torse plantain, which differs from it in being of a smaller and more delicate—
growth, and having red streaks on the stem ; as also in smaller but much more clus-
tered and numerous fruit ; the maiden plantain bunch growing more like that of the*
banana, containing often from eighty to an hundred plantains, and weighing often-
< ightj pounds, whereas the. bunch of the common plantain seldom contains more than
twenty. These t/ecs bear fruit fit for use in from nine to twelve months after the
suckers are planted, according to soil and seasons : the hor^e plantain takes three
months to fill from tlie time it first shoots, and the maiden plantain four; the latter is .
'he most delicate fu»d.

2. SAPIENTUM. WISE.

Iilitsa, caitdice macuJaij, 'fructu, recta, rohindo, hrcx-'cre, odorafo...
Sloane, v. 2, p. 147. Spadice nutanti, fructu breiiore oblongo. — ■
Browne, p. 363.

Spadix nodding ; male flowers deciduous.

The bana.na-tr.ee so much resembles the plantain, as bar iiy to be distinguished at •
first sight, but has its stem irregularly marked with black cr dark purple spots, which
the other has not. The bunches of fruit are more compact, and the fruit more numer-
ous, shorter, and. rounder; than that of the plantain. The-fruit has also a thinner
skin,. and the pulp is sober, and of a more luscious agreeable taste when ripe, which ■
may be eaten either raw, fried, or boile.i, and makes excellent fritters. It is a delicate
food vlicf ripe, and roasted with the skin on. A banana or plantain drink is made by
■mixing either of them, when ripe, with water, untij it is pretty well mixed with the
fruit; then let i- stand twelve hours and :•' rain.- The plants of tins genus, now so
generally cultivated iri tbe.West Indies rcre, it is thought, originally brought frcrflV
Guitiea, and. imported -into these-islan a he Oanaries.

When the natives of the West Indit (saj ' bat] undertake a voyage, they make4
provision of a paste of banana ; which, in cast of need, serves them for nourishment
and drink: for this purpose they take ripe bananas-; and, having squeezed them
through a hue sieve, from the solid fruit into si) all leases,, which are dried in the sun
or in hot ashes, after being previou \ wrapped up-in the leaves of Indian flowering
reed. When they would make use of this-] iste they dissolve it in- water, which is very
easilvdone; and t lie liquor, thereby rendered thick', has an agreeable acid taste im- .
parted to it, which makes it both refreshing and nourishing.

This is very common, and its frtrit so well known as to need no description. The -
Spaniards have a conceit, thaVif you cut tins or the plantain-»thwart-er crossways, there
appears a cross in the middle of the fruit, and therefore they will not cnt any, hut •
break them. The Franciscans dedicate litis fruit to the i uses, and therefore call it
r >,;. The Portuguese call them ficm derta, others /V,/- martabana; in Guinea
bananas Lodovicys llornanus, and.Brocard,.who wuote a description of the ;J.oly
I.and, called, them; Adum^^s apples, suppi •■'.. "' lo be/the fruit that-Eve,took and wave
1s Adam, which is err meous ; hut it -.> very probable, that their leaves might be- the
fur-leaves they sewed together, to lude ttheir nakedness ; nay, one leaf alone was or is-
iUtluicjit to uo that, being' very. brpacl a;. i Jong; 1 knpw bouc like it. Theyare a-

svhoiesonic

■ttOUTCJS JA'WAICENlflfl

The fruit of these two species may be regarded among the great.?..! blessing- I < towed
tipon the inhabitants of tliwdmniie. Three doz en plantains are ail i "icient rs

serve one man for ;■. week, in lien of other bread, an I will support hiai much Ik tt< r.

The greet* leaves of both species are an excellent .'; :. le 1 for horses or cattle, as wsll
as the -stems ;• and, as thei-r juice, is ;orut '. i restringent, preserve thea') from scowei-J
i 1 1 _r too much after grazing <mi sour or salt-marsh grass.

The banana-fruit, ripe, has been noted for its efficacy in corrVJstin'g those I li
humours which generate, or accompauy, the fluxes to which Europeans arc often :ub-
ject on their first coming into the West (tidies. It is somewhat surprising that captai
of ships in this trade do not lay in a quantity of the roasted fruit of tnese tr< is, or
.plants, for their sea-store, especially-as it might be kepi for a long-time packed in
the dried leaves, atxl s owed in tight ca ks,and requires only a-fresh roasting, or heae-
'iin.r, when wanted for use. 't is a cheap, hearty, food, and won Id furnish the inilors
with a wholesome and agreeable change, after a tedious repetition of salt-meai i '
not only keep them free from scorbutic foulnesses, but serve the purpose <•) other
Vegetable aliment not so easily to be had at sea, and certainly much better for theai
than mouldy-biscuit, full of weevils an. 1 dirt. — Long, p. 78:5.

The juice which drops-from a bunch of bana'rias, hung up h, the shade, makes a very
<good vinegar.

A great deal has been said and written lately as to the possibility of manufacturing 'a
>.good hemp from the fibres of the different plants bf this genus; and rewards of two

-hundred pounds have been paid, under an order of the assembly, for the best specimens

.produced of this hemp in each county of* Jamaica. This is, however, no newdisco-
very, for the Indians have been m the habit, since the first discovery of the New World,

•and no doubt long before, of making cloth from these fibres. The celebrated circum-
navigator, Dampier, notices the process, more than a century ago, as follows : " They
take the body of the tree, clear it of its outward bark and leaves, cuti't into four quarters,
which, put into the sun, the moisture exhales; they -then take hold of the threads at

-the ends, and draw them out ; they are as big as brown thread : of this they make cloth
in Mindanao, called saggr,;, which is stubborn when new, "wears out soon, and when
wet it is slimy." The natives of the Phillipine islands give the*na'nie of abaca to thc^.
vegetable fibres of: a species of the plantain, of which they make their cordage; and of
which they have considerable manufactories.

The following is an account of the means made use of for obtaining this hemp, as
laid before the committee of the house of assembly, by Dr Stewart West, who gained
the premium for the best specimen produced in the county of Surry :

MANUFACTURE OF HEMP FROM THE PLANTAIN-TREE.

" In order to fulfil the intentions of the honourable house of assembly, I proposed
to myself to fiudout the most simple and expeditious process possible for manufacftir-

K. 2 ing

frS HORTU.S JAMA1CENSIS. plantain

rig hemp from the plantain-tree, that the general adoption of it might not be pre-
vented by complex machinery, or tedious and difficult manipulations.

•' I have now to give the result of my inquiries, and have to describe such a simple
and easy process, as will enable any person to set on foot a manufacture of hemp, with-
out milch trouble or expence. The instrument I have employed is so simple, that a
carpenter may make it in half an hour, and the whole process is so expeditious, that
the hemp may be rendered fit for sale in a few hours after the trees are cut down : I
mean the undressed hemp ; for to dress it with a heckle, unless it were likewise spun
and wove in the country, would be quite foreign to the purpose. The process of heck-
ling is by no means so simple as it appears to be ; and I can truly affirm that if aperson,
not bred to the business, aitempt to heckle flax and hemp, he will convert the greater
part of it into tow ; besides, different modes of dressing are necessary, according to the
manufacture to which the hemp is to be applied. That part of the process, therefore,
can be executed better, and to much greater advantage, in Britain. But if the instru-
ment be in good order, and proper attention be paid to the manufacture, the hemp
v. ill be rendered so clean as, in a great measure, to supersede the use of the heckle,
especially for cordage.

" Though the filaments of the plantain-tree are naturally large, yet they are divisi-
ble, and may therefore, by dressing, be adapted to the manufacture of the finest fabrics,
perhaps, to which {lax and cotton can be applied. The division of the filaments, how-
ever, would be prejudicial in the manufacture of cordage; for, it appears, from an
experiment, of Count Ruin ford, that the agglutination, of the fibres greatly increases
their strength.

DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING THE CRAMP.

" Take a plank, six feet long, one foot wide, and two inches thick, set one end iwc*-
feet deep in the ground, and apply a brace before to keep it steady; cut a notch on
the top, six inches deep, and eight inches wide ; notch the two uprights, half an inch
wide, to admit the jaws, which must be made of hard-wood, the lower one twelve, the
tipper twenty, inches long ; the lower is fixed, the upper is moveable on a pin atone
end, and has a weight suspended at the other, which may be increased or diminished
at pleasure. The uptight, in which the upper jaw turns on the pin, may have a mor-
tice, five inches long, in place of a notch, and two inches may be cut off from the other
upright. The jaws are half an inch thick, and two inches wide, brought to an edge
where they meet, which must be slightly serrated. If the jaws are made of steel, a.
quarter of an inch in thickness will be sufficient.

TROCESS FOR PREPARING THE HEMP.

" I. Cut the plantain stems into lengths of four feet.

" 2. Separate the coats of which the stems are composed, and split the outer coatsi
into ribbons about an inch and a half wide.

" ?,. Separate the internal parts of the ribbons with a wooden knife, then

" l. Draw them through the cramp till the filaments are clean.

*' 5. Hang them to dry in the sun as soon as- possible.

" When the hemp is thoroughly dry, let it be plaited into pellets, of about half a
pound, and lied up into bundles of twenty pounds each."

from experiments tneioaJJie hemp made from the plantain-tree fibre, which wa

manufactured

PLUME'

IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 77

manufactured into rope at his majesty's dockyard, Port-Royal, the following results

were obtanied :

c-a't. qrs lbs.

King's nine thread inch rope, broke by the weight of. 6 1 14

Dr. West's specimen ~ 6 2 0

Specimen from the parish of St. Andrew 6 1 0

Ditto Portland 4 2 0

Ditto St. George 3 2 0

The above specimens were made of the same size as the king's rope.

It appears also from several experiments that the inside fibres are stronger than the

outside, but spun together have a good average strength. This hemp incorporates

freely with tar, and its goodness greatly depends in completely evaporating the sap ;

otherwise the least fermentation greatly impairs its strength : it cannot, therefore, be

too thoroughly dried.before it is packed for use or exportation.

Plum, Cocco — See Coccq Plum.
Plum, Damson — See Damson Plum.
Plum, Hog — See Spanish Plum.
Plum, Maiden — See Maiden Plum.
Plum, Spanish — See Spanish Plum.

PLUME-TREE. . Genus Doubtful.

Cl. S, OR. 1. — Octandriamonogynid.

Gen*, char.— The calyx is an entire bell-shaped perianthium, lightly cut into four
or five obtuse dents on its margins ; the corolla monopetalous, campanulate, twice
the lenoth of the perianthium ; the tube very short ; limb cut into four or five
lanceolate segments, nearly the length of the tube, and sometimes patent ; the
nectarium, or stamen, is cylindrical, supporting eight sagittated erect antherse
on its margins, with as many intermediate upright subulated segments; the nec-
tarium is somewhat shorter than the corolla; the germen is semi-globose and hairy,
having the style short, the stigma capitated and undivided; the pericarpium is a
globose capsule, splitting into three valves, and dividing into as many capsules,
containing one or two seeds in each.

Plumea foribus albes centibus, spicatis axillaribus, pinnatis lokis al-
ternatis.

The" plume-tree is very common in Clarendon mountains, and grows to the height
of fifty or sixty feet, with a straight stem, which is commonly hollow at the heart, and
about a foot and a half in diameter. It blossoms in November ; the flowers are very
small, and of a whitish green. The leaves grow alternately on the middle-rib ; they.
»re-©fa deep green, compact, substance. The wood is red.

Pockwood— See Lignum- Vit*,.

POISON '

«ffi HORTU-S JAMAIC'ENSr* wj;t>r^

POl ON BERRIES or BASTARD JASMINE. OESTRUM.

Cl. 5, or. 1. — Pentandrid manngynia. Nat. .OR.^-rl.urida.

■ Gen./CKar. — Calyx a one-leaTe'd perhmtb, tub'ular, columnar, obtuse, very short;
mouth five-cleft, erect, obscure; corolla motiopetalous, funnel-form; tube cy-
liudric, fen long, ■ nder; throat 'roundish'; border 'flat, plaited, five-cleft; cli-
xis in ovate, equal'; the. stamens ftve filaments, filiform, attached longitudinally
to the tube, emitting a toathlet inwards at the middle; anthers roundish, quadwrn-
• ilar, within the throat; thes-pi^til has a eyii'ndric, ovate, germ, the length pf the
calyx; style filiform, length. of the stamens; stigmas thickish, obtuse, scarcely
omarginate; the pericarp .an ovate berry' , unilocular, ohlopg ; seeds very many,
j • iii lish. y Two species,are natives of Jamaica.

" 1. VESPERT1TU.M. EVENrVtt.

Jasyninumlmrinisfoliis,jlorepaUi(lelutep,j[ruktu'ci ej • .

jujfiiio, venenata. Sloane, v. 2, p. 96, t. 204, f. 2. Ffutuosiim,
Juliis bbloyigo-ovutis, Jloribus fascictdatis -pedimcubiti* Bi ivibus. —
Browne, p. 173.
, Filaments toothless ; tube filiform,; peduncles- -t.

. This has an ash-coloured bark, and rises seven or eight feet hfgh ; branches alter-
nate, leafy, mariy-flowered, Leaves alternate) on short footstalks, spreading, elliptic,
oblong, a little pointed, entire, veined, of a dark green colour, paler underneath,
shining. Peduncles axillary, on the upper part of -the branches, in a sort of corymb,
erect, shorter than the footstalks, many-flowered, flowers pale yellow ; berry blackish
blue or deep purple, about the size or an English currant, containing in a blue pulp,
j> great; many flat seeds of the sanrfe dolour. .This plant is very common in all the low-
lands qf Jamaica ; the flowers emit a disagreeable odour, and the berries are reckoned
very poisonous ; nightingales, are said to feed upon them.

2. HIRTUM. HAtRY.

Flowers sub-spiked, axillary ; leaves sub-cordate, ovate-acute, underneath^
with the branchlets rough with hairs. — i'-j.\

Poison Hogmeat — See Pelican Flower.

POKEWEED or MOUNTAIN CALALUE. PHYTOLACCA.

Cl. 10, or. 5. — Deamdria decagynia. Nat. or. — Miscellanea.
This generic name is derived -frorn a Greek word signifying a plant, and lacea, a-sort
.of dye.

Gen. CHAK.-— There is no calyx unless the corolla may be called so ; corolla five

roundish petals, concave, spreading, bent in at top, permanent; stamens eight,

ten, or twenty, filaments, awl-shaped, the length of the corolla ; anthers roundish,

lateral; the pistil has an orbiculate germ, depressed, divided externally by swell -

I togs,

pe*BW*n* irORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

ings, ending in eight or ten very short, spreading, reflex, styles ; the pericarp
an orbiculate depressed berry, marked with ten longitudinal grooves, umbilicated
with the pistils, and having'as many cells ; seeds solitary, Kidney-form, smooth.
Two species arc natives of Jamaica.

1. DECANDRA. TEtf-STAMKNKD.

Solanum racemosum America?! urn. Sloane, v. !, pi 199. Assurgens
ramosa, spicis Hunan longis.simis, sustentaculis trigonis. Browne,
p. 232.
Flowers ten-stamened, ten-styled.-
This plant is also known by the na ne of Surinam ot'jufcclio calalue, red-~a'eed> and
$x-glove. It is very common in Jamaica, and has a thick fleshy, perennial, root, di-
vided into several parts, as large as middling parsnips. From this rise many purplish,
herbaceous, stalks, about an inch thick and six or seven feet long, which break into
many branches, irregularly set- with large oval, sharp-pointed leaves, supported on
short footstalks.- These at first are of a fresh green colour, but as they grow old they
turn reddish. At the joints and divisions of the branches come forth long bunches of
small blueisb -coloured flowers, consisting of five concave petals each, surrounding ten
stamina and ten styles. These are succeeded by round depressed berries, having ten
cells, each- of which contains a single smooth seed. The Portuguese had formerly a-
trick of mixing the juice of the berries with their red wines, in order to give them a
deeper colour ; but as it was. found to : base I ' flavour, and to make the wine delete-
rious, the matter was represented to his Portuguese Majesty, who or Jewed all the stems
to -be cut down- ;/earry before* they produced flowers, thereby to prevent any further
adulteration. ^-The same practice was common in France '.ill it was prohibited by an
edict or Louis XVI. and his predecessor, on pain of death.

It is indigenous ta this island, and found in all the cooler hills and mountains, where
jt grows very Luxuriantly. Jt rises generally to the height of four or five feet, divided »
towards the top.. ■ vlt is called either red or white, from the colour of the (lower-stalks,
f )r all the branches terminate in Long and slender spikes of those colours. The leaves
and tender shoots are frequently used for greens.

The inspissated juice has been thought a specific, or at least a very powerful remedy, ■
in open cancers, applied in form of a plaister. — Browne.

salt and lime-iiuce in warm water; and a dreiien ol Hour ot brimstone in gruel, sweet,
ened with meiasses, may be given at the same time to assist the discharge. The poul-
tice iias been found no less effectual in healing sores on the human body.* This plant
is the same as the -, red ^ weed or poke of Virginia and New England, from which the
Indians prepare, a red dye for staining their baskets, skins, and several other manu-
factures.

Some

•-In Mr. A. Robinson's MSS. a case is related of the cii'-e of afarcied mu!e ;bv the -pokewced. It ]&i
biTeri tor several years full of fistulas and running ulcers al. over liis bedy and legs. "The roots of both Hie redU
and green sort were taken, just before the blossom appeared, pounded very fine, which-was applied to the -

'.ilceis-, .after being washed. In a short time the mule was so-.tnd, and the hair grew on the: parts tUai UaJ

}>*<» 6«re, The same application kills izi destroys vermin iu-sorss in two dressings.

.-f? * K-OTITUS JAAIAICENSIS. polypod*

Seme elver-; there are said to gather the roots and make a fine red tint of them ; hit
. incline rather to think they make use of the flower, berries, and stalk, for this pur-
pose/, as they are all of a beautiful red ; whereas the roots are very white. When the
juice of the berries is put upon paper, or the like, it strikes it with a high purple
colour, which is as fine .as any in the world,, but requires something to fix it, and pre-
vent its fading.

A spoonful or two of the juice of the fresh root purges strongly, when it is dry it
Jo.- es this quality. The \ omit* tender leaves have very little of it ; but those which are
old, large, and thick, are said to operate violently ; nevertheless, I have known them
boiled and eaten", in order to open the body in th'e dry belly -;.che, and with great ad-
Vantage and safety. — Long, p. 771.

An ounce of the dried root, infused in a pint of wine, and ^iven to the quantity of
two spoonfuls, operates kindly as an emetic, and is preferable to met qthgrs,-as it
hardly altera the taste of the wine. The roots are applied to the nd reet in

ardent levers. Farriers give a decoction of them to drench cattle, and apply them in
form of poultice for discussing tumours. Poultry are fond of the berried, but, if eaten

in large quantities, they give the flesh a disagreeable flavour. Cutler, Mem.

Anur. v. l.

Negroes use the seeds for washing coarse linen; they are very bitter, and impart
that taste to birds which feed on them.

2. OCTANDRA. EJGIIT-STAMENED.

Erecta, simplex out vix divisa ; foliis integris, sustentaculis spicarufu
rotuhdatis. Browne, p. 232.

Flowers eight-stamened, eight-styled.

This is the stature of the foregoing species, but the leaves are whiter ; it is known
by the name of Spanish calalue. It seldom.continues longer than two years, and (lowers
and seeds plentifully the first year. . The stem is herbaceous, dividing at top into two
or three branches ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, six inches long, and almost three broad,
having a strong mid- rib and transverse veins; pedicels an inch and a half long. The
peduncles come out from the side of the branches, opposite to the leaves, are seven or
eight inches long, two inches naked, the remainder has sessile flowers, white, with a
blush of purple in the middle, cut into five segments almost to the bottom, and having
from eight to fourteen stamens, and ten styles; berries flat, with ten deep furrows;
cells the same number, with one or two smooth seeds in each. Browne says " It is a
native of Jamaica, and cultivated in most kitchen gardens. It is a palateable whole-
some green : the tender stalks are frequently served up for young sperages, and prove
an agreeable succedaneum. It shoots spontaneously in every fertile spot in the island.'*

POLYPODY, or. MALE FERN". POLYPODIUM.

Cl. 24, OR. 1—Cryptogamia filices. NaT. or. — Filices.
This generic name is derived from two Greek words signifying many-footed, the
roots having many tubercles.

Gen,

polypody BORTUS JAMAICEN.^IS. Si

Gen. Char. — Capsules distributed in roundish dots, on the back or lower :i 'ace of
the frond. Of this very numerous genus forty- two species have been 1 ! in
Jamaica.

With fronds undivided.

1. J.YCOPODIOIDES. LYCOPODIUM-I.IKE.

Phyllitis minor scandens foliis angust is. Sloane, v. 1, p. 73. S
dens, caule tereti hirsuto, foliis • m h ws lameolutis, capsu'iit
linear/bus. Browne, p. VI. Pol. 6.

Fronds lanceolate, quite entire, smooth; fructifications solitary ; sho ts naked.

Stems many, very long, slender and compressed,- fixing- themselves to trees like ivy,
and putting out many branches, some very long, others shdr . covered ail ovef with
little narrow acute ferruginous scales, interspersed with abundance of small filaments.
Fronds alternate, four inches long, and seven or eight lines wide towards the lowei
part; they are gradually narrowed towards thetip, which is blunt, and the edges are
waved ; they are membranous, and the upper surface is smooth and of a bright green ;
the fructifications are hoary, and in one row on each side of the mid-rib. — Plumier.
Sloane says the stalk is compressed, and not so big as a hen's quill ; and that it mounts
fort}- feet. Browne calls it the climbing polj/podiuni, with a slender hairy staik, very
common in the inland open parts of Jamaica, and frequent in Sixteen-Mile- Walk.

2. ANGUSTIFOLHJM. narrow- leaved.

Fronds linear-lanceolate, very long, acuminate, rigid, with a convex margin;
fructifications scattered ; shoot creeping. — S'w.

3. GRAMINEUM. GRASS-UKE.

Fronds acuminate, quite entire, smooth; fructifications solitary; shoot naked.
—Sw.

4. MARGINELLUM. MARGINED.

"Fronds wedge-shaped, linear, blunt, margined, smooth; fructifications solitary,
crowded ; shoot very short, naked. — S'w.

5. REPENS. CREEPING.

Fronds lanceolate, acuminate, smooth, entire ; fructifications scattered ; shoot
creeping. — &'w.

G. PILOSELLOIDF.S, PILOSELLA-L'KE.

Phyllitidi scandenti, affmis minor, folio cfdsso ohlongiori. Sloane,
v. 1, p. 7% t. 28, f. 3. Simpler repens, foliis minoribus ovatis,
capsulis sparsis. Browne, p. 97. Pol. 5. »

Fronds lanceolate, quite entire, rough-haired ; the barren ones ovate ; fructifi-
cations solitary.

The small creeping polypodium, with oval leaves, is very rare in Jamaica ; I found
it in the mountains of St. Faith's, near the side of the river. It creeps along the ground,
and casts its small pval leaves on both sides, in an alternate order ; these seldom exceed
an inch and a quarter in length, and lie commonly close upon the ground or rocks. — ■
Browne.

Vol. II. h 7. phylmtidis,

03 H,ORTUS JAMAI€rNSr&s wtnoja

7. PtlYtLITiT>I«.

Phyllitis arbor thus innasccns, folio nan sinuate femuori vcrinntis-. put-
veruleyitis waculis overset parte punctata Sloane, v. !, p. 72.—
Acaule foliis oblongis s implicit' us, capsulis sar&libus. Browne, p,
96. Pol. I.
Fronds lanceolate, smooth, quite entire; fructifications seaUered.
Hoot the thickness of a finder, five or six inches long, Mack on the outside, having
many fibres. Fronds sis or seven, from two to three feet in length, acute at the end,
narrower at the base, widening gradually, smooth, bright green on the upper surface; ._
waved at the edge. — Plumicr. The simple polypodium, without a trunk, is very
common in the woods of Jamaica^ tine leaves are thin and delicate. — Browne. It grows
on the trunks of old taees.

With pinnatifid fronds and coadunafe lobes.

8. SCOLOPENDROIDES. SCOLOPENDR A-LIKE. >

Minus acaule, fronde in/erne partita, superne lobata capsulis linea-
libus. Browne, p. 97; Pol. 4.
Segments rather obtuse, the lowermost remote..
The small simple lobe-leafed poly pod iurrps leaves, .rise together from a fibrous root,'
and seldom tow above five or six inches in height; the foliage is divided into small
distinct parts towards the bottom-, but as the plant rises these are confounded together,
.ml it becomes a lobed margin.on each side of the stalk or rib. It thrives best in dry
rocky places. — Brownie, This is the incisum of Swartz.

0. PENDULUM. PLNDULUS.

Fronds pinnatifid, sub-sessile, smooth, pendulous; lobes oblong, bluntisii.
— Sw*

10. TUICHOM AM'iBES. TRICHOMANES-IJEE.

Fronds pinnatifid, somewhat hairy ; lobes semi-ovate, obtuse.

11. MYOSUROIDES. MYOSURUS-UKE.

Fronds pinnatifid, smooth ; lobes united into a lanceolate top, fructiferous, the:
lower, ones remote. ,

12. PECTINATUM. COMB.

Frond- pinnate, lanceolate ; loots approximating, ensiform, parrallel, acute>
horizontal ; root naked .■ — $iv.

13. AUl fcUM.. GOLDEN^

Fronds pinnatifid, smooth, and. even ; pi nnas oblong, distant, the lowest patu-
lous, the terminating one very largt ; fructifications in rows.
Hoot as thick as the thumb, and St metiines a tool long, round, much branched,
knobby, and fleshy, green within, but witliodt covered witlj. very small golden scales,
with holes in the middle ot the knots, occasioned b) fallen leaves. Fronds about a foot
long, cut into seven or eight veiy deep eguients, an incn wide, ami .nree or tour
indies long, remote ana acuminate ; underneath is a double row of goit en dots along
the nerves oi the segments. It ^rovvs on trunks of large trees. — Plumier.

With

PCLVfCDY II OUT US JAMAICENSIS. 83

With trifoliate fronds ; peduncle with three leaflets.
14. TRIFOLiATtfJM. THREE-LEAVED.

Iftmionilidi affiuisfllix major trift pinnis Jul time*

atis. Sloane, v. I, p. 85, t. \'2, Tryphillum simp-! . . foliis mtt~
jwibus margine quasi laceratis, caj>sulis spewsis. Browne, p. 9.7.
Pol. 7.
Fronds ternate, sinuate-Iobed, the middle one larger.

Root four inches long, made up of round black scales, fibrous. Stem two feet high,
mossy at foot, smooth, and reddish brown at top; divided into three broacl leaves, two
opposite, and one at top, which is largest, being ten inches long, and four broad near
the base; variously sinuated on the edges, of a yellowish green colour, and thin. The
undermost pair of pinnae have ears. It grew on a shady hill on the banks of the Uia
Cobre.- — Sloane. The large simple polypodium, with three lacerated leaves, rises com-
monly, to the height of twenty- four or thirty inches; its leaves are very large in pro-
portion, and appear as if they had. been torn at the margin. It grows in the more sandy
inland mountains, ami is frequent in the woods of St. Mary's. — Browne.

'Villi pinnate fronds.

15. MUIMCATL'M. THORNY.

Trichomancs majus tot urn afbitm pinnis aeuleatis trapezii fgiira. —
Sloane, v. 1, p. 81, t. 36, f. I, 2.
Fronds pinnate ; pinnas fulcate- lanceolate, sub-serrate, eared upwards, at bot-
tom and in front spiny; stipe scaly.

This has many long filaments and fibres for its roots, of a dark brown colour, having
towards the top, where the root is Tound and solid, ferruginous hairs. Fronds from
six inches to a foot and a half in length; pinnas set alternately as thick as they can
stand from the very root, each of an irregular figure like a trapezium, having very
small prickles at the corners, and a scarcely discernible mid-rib, on each side of which
is a row of seeds in small ferruginous spots. It grew in crannies of racks on the road to
Sixteen-Mile-Walk.

16. SEMI-CORDATUM. -HALF-HEART-LEAVED.

Frond pinnate; pinnas parallel, lanceolate, very smooth, obliquely cordate at
the base ; the lower lobe more gibbous ; fructifications in four rows. — Sw.

17. SAGITTATUM. ARROW-LEAVED.

Frond pinnate; pinnas lanceolate, blunt, entire, having a to&thlet on each side
at the base, the lower one mutilated, triangular, minute. — Sw.

18. EXALTATUM. LOFTY.

Lonchitis altissima, pinnulis utrinque, sen ex vfroque latere auricu*
latis. Sloane, v. 1, p. 77, t. 31. Simplex foliis lanceolatis integris
basi inequalihus sub-auriti-s ; peticlis brevissimis, capsulis sparsis. —
Browne, p. 99. Pol. 14.

-Fronds pinnate; pinnas ensiform, entire, gibbous at the lower base inwards,
-at the upper base upwards.

L 2 This

S t fiORTUS J A M A I C E N S T3, polypody

This fern seldom rises above two fee; and a half or three feet in height ; the stipe is
very simple, and the pinnas pointed and em re ; they aie connected by very short toot-
stalks, atul'project backwards on each side of them. — Brou ne. The pinnas are about an
inch in length and half as broad; fructifications io-'tvvo rows of ferruginous dots, one or.
. b side of the mid rib — Shane..

19. RIIIZQPHYLLUM. BOOTINO- LEAVED.

Fronds pinnate, decumbent, tailed at the tip, the fruiting ones rooting; pin-
uas ovate-deltoid, — 9-w .

20. OBLITE&ATIM. OBL1TER ATF.D.

Frond pinnate; pinnas alternate, broad -lanceolate, attenuated, crcnatc;.
notches at the tip and base obliterated on both sid^s. — Sw.

21. CREN.VI'UM. NOTCHED.

Frond pinnate; pinnas oblong -lanceolate,, crenate, smooth; fructifications in
double rows.

22. SIMILE. SIMILAR.

Lonchitis altissirua, pinnulis raris non laciniatis. Sloane, v. 1, p.
77, t. 32,
Fronds pinnate ; pinnas lanceolate, quite entire, distant, the upper ones smaller,
dots in rows.
This was about five feet high ; stipe a foot and. a half long, roundish, dark broivn, or
blackish. Pmnas about two inches long, and three-quarters of an inch broad at the
base, roundish and blunt at the end, not at all laciniated; On each side of the mid-rib
many ferruginous round spots of fructification ; there was about half an inch space be-
tween the pinnas, which were alternate. I found it on Mount Diablo. — Sloane.

23. DISSIMILE. DISSIMILAR.

Simpler, foliis lanceolatis integris Uistinctis tota basi afiixis. supremo
sub-hitstato, capsulis sohtariis. Browne, p. 100. Pol. 23.
Fronds pinnate ; pinnas lanceolate, sub-pubescent, confluent, the lower ones
distinct, dots scattered.
Browne calls tins the simple poll/ podium,, with distinct leaves.

21. REPTANS. CLIMBING.

Loncliitis asplenii facie pinnulis variis. Sloane, v. 1, p. 76, t. 2i>,

and t 30, f. 1.

Divisions somewhat hearted,', ovate, obtuse, crenate, slightly auricled at the

base; frond creeping, rooting at top.

The face of this plant, and difference of the pinnules, make it difficult to assign it a

right place, for almost every stipe has different pinnules. It is sometimes a foot and a

half lone:, stem green an 1 somewhat hoary. Some of the pinnules are oblong and

somewhat ami. ulated on both upper and under side, and towards the point are rounder

leaves: on other twigs the leaves are joined close to one another, after the manner of

asj'Unium. Sometimes the leaves are oblong, and eared above and below, and disjoined

without .

:-v;.ow HOETUS JAMA JC ENS -

without nycol sioh'iip to the top ; at other times t! ulatcd li

towai - . >p grow weak, ti iling and touching the ground tak
bo i any plani u ti this, \n ler var

leave i ire serrated, and take root when they touch the ground. — Sloane.

2 •. SF.KRA. SAW-LEAVED.

Filiv nun ran . > cul ■ raris brevioribus pinnuhs crebris

Lin*. breaibus non oculeatis. Sioane, v. I, j>. 90, r. iS, f. 2.
Frond bi-pmnatind ; pinuas linear, very long, attenuated, serrate; serrature*
semi-ovate, acuie, striated.

26. TETRAGONlfM. SCMTARE-STALKEiy;

Fronds bi-pinnatifid.; pinnas lanceolate-acuminate, opposite, distant, hori-
zontal; segments ovate, bluntish; stipe'iour-corrtered.

27. DELTOIDEUM, DELTOID.

Frond bi-pinnatifid ; lower pinnas abbreviated, entire, oblong, deltoid, reflex,

28. CICUT.UUUM. CICUTA.

Minus triphyllum, foliis prcfunde dnisis, lobis oblongis, sublobata
crenatis. Browne, p. §7. Pol. 8.
Fronds ternute; leaflets bi-pinnate, laciniate at the base, bluntly gash-serrate,
acuminate, the lowest more gibbous,
These plants rise three or four together, from a tufted fibrous root, and seldom ex -
:eed eight or ten inches in height; their foliage is divided very deep, and each lobe
is again deeply crenated in the margin. — Browne.

29. INVISUM.

Filix non ramesd major, surculis crebris, pjmnulis lev gin, angustis,
Sloane, v. 1, p. 90, t. 50, f. 1, and t. 51.

Fronds pinnate, smooth; leaflets linear, very long, pointed, serrate-pinnate ;
pinnas lanceolate, falcate, acute, connate at the base.
This rises two feet high ; leaflets about an inch distant, sometimes opposite, some-
times alternate, about seven inches long, and an inch br )ad at the base ; the pinnule;
are about half an inch long, joined to each other at the mid-rib, having defective ends,
It grew in inland woods.

With bi-pinnate or sub-pinnate fronds.

30. COKIACEUM. LEATHERY.

Fronds coriaceous, below tri- pi nnatifid, above bi-pi:inated; pinnas and pinnules
acuminate. — Sw.

31. PATENS. SPREADING.

FUdx non ramosa minor, surculis crebris, pinmtlis brevissimis, angustis.
Sloane, v. 1, p. 91, t. 5'-', f. 1.

Frond bi-pinnatifid, somewhat villose underneath; pinnts linear-lanceolate,
elongated} pinnules oolong, acute? entire, the lowest longer.

&c> HORTUS 'J AM A IC EN 3)3.

POLYPODY

N ' mTvch more than afoot high.* the twigs" three inches long and half an inch broad;
the pinnii.es are a quarter of an inch long,- and joined together almost to the end, with
ferruginous dots on the hack, and of a yellowish green colour on the upper- side. It
grew ou the banks of the Rio Cobre. — Sloane.

32. -HIKTUM. ROUGH-HAIRY. "

Frond at bottom tri-pinnatiful, towards the top bi-pinnatifid ; segment; ovate,
blunt, almost entire ; stipe and branches rottgh-haired. — Sw.

33. PUBESCFNS. PUBESCENT.

Minus sub-hirsutum et simpliciter pinnatum, ffrliis distinctis sub-
ovatis crenatis, capsulk sparsis. Browne, p. 101.

.Frond, bi-pinnate, hairy; pinnas lanceolate-ovate, somewhat ga-shed, acute,
• the outer confluent.

This seldom rises above eight or ten inches, and is not common in Jamaica; it
spreads into a branched foliage above the middle ; these are simple, and furnished with
oval, alternate, and jagged, leaves; both the foliage and branches of the plant are
adorned with fine down. — Browne.

3 k DICIIOTOMt->r. DICIIOTOMOU3.

Filix fcmina, seuramosa major, dichotomy pitmulis lonchitidis, sci't
long is, angustis, non dent at is. Sloane, v. I, p. 102.

Dichotomous ; fronds pinnate, pinnas linear-lanceolate, quite entire, hori-
zontal, glaucous underneath.

This grows seven or eight feet high; stems as thick as a finger, smooth, shining,
roundish, of a reddish colour, always divided into two branches, standing opposite,
and they again into two others, which are for the most part three inches long, and
made up of many inch-long pinnas, joined at bottom to. one another, by a narrow mem-
brane running along the mid-rib, thence grow ing very narrow, and ending bluntly,
leaving an empty space between them ; they are of a grass green colour above, paler
below. At every one of the larger divisions of the stem stand twigs with pinna?, as in
the tops of the branches. — Sloane.

Priekhj, -u-ith scattered spines, or arborescent.

'35. ARBOREUM. TREE.

Arboreum maximum, fronde tenuiori, caudicc durissbno. Browne,
p. 104. Pol. 4.1.
Fronds bi-pinnate, serrate ; trunk arboreous, unarmed.

Fcm-tree. — This plant rises by a considerable simple, hard, and ligneous, trunk,
to the height of tweuty or twenty-five feet ; it is, like the other ferns and palms, fur-
nished only with ribs, which fall off gradually as it rises, while the new shoots spring
up from the top : it resembles the palm tribe both in the form and structure of its trunk
also, being very hard immediately under the bark, but loose, soft, and fibrous, in the
middle. It holds for many years, bears all the inclemency of the weather with ease,
and is frequently used for posts in hogsties and other inclosures, where the smaller
aims are not at hand. — Bro-wnS. The trunk is sometimes armed with spitiules ; the

fronds

Egg &OB9 irOU T U S J A M A I C E !- S i S:

Sands seven or eight feet long, on roundish unarmed tipe ; the leaflets lanceolate,
•errate, smooth, bright green ; and the .fructifications ii orbicular, rufous, scatte«ed,
<t»ts. — Loureiro.

36. VIM os'T.M. HAIRY.

Pilix ramosa major, hirsute, ramulis raris, pinnulis asplenii, scr'l
erebris, lads, brevibus, sub rotund is, non denfatis. SI iane,vv. \t
p. 100.

Fronds Li-pinnate, hirsute ; pinnaa oblong-obtuse, the terminating" ones acu-
minate.

Stalks many, about two feet high, each as big as a finger, very hairy, and about a.
f(Wt from»the ground divided" into branches, the lowermost whertof are about 1
inches long, almost opposite. Twigs more than an inch long, alternate, made up of
broad, short, mostly entire, hat sometimes notched, pinnules; roundish at the end,
often united for some space by their edges, pale green ; covered, as well as the stalks,
branches, and mid- ribs, with a whitishitrong short hair. It grew on the banks of th';
Rio P'Oro, in Sixteen-Mile- Walk. — -Sloane.

37. SP1NOSUM. SPIKED. '

Filixarborea ramosa, spinosa, caudice non diviso, pinnulis lath, 'densist»
brevibus, tenuibus, mimitim dental is. Sloane, v. 1, p. 95, t. 50.
Fronds bi-pinnate, serrate ; trunk arboreous,, prickly. '

Tnink twenty feet high, as big as the human leg, undivided, covered with the ends ■
of the fallen petioles, which are dark brown, as big as t tie finger, two or three inches
long, thick set with short and sharp prickles on its back. At about a foot from the
trunk, each frond divides into opposite branches, placed near the bottom, at about six
inches distance from each otiier. The branches are a foot long in the middle; the
twigs come out alternately, being an inch and a half long, and about two-thirds of an
inch broad in the middle ; they are made up of pinnules one-third of an inch long and
half as broad, blunt, indented, dark green- above, pale green below, very thin, and
so close set that there is no space between them. It grew in a gully between Guanaboa
and St. Faith's, as also on Mount Diablo, in great abundance. — Sloan*.

Jl'itJi fronds super -decompound.

38. DF.NTICULATUM. TOOTH-LETTID.

• Frond quadri-pinnate at bottom, at top tri-pinnate, smooth ; pinnules we fge-
ovate, gashed, tooth-letted ; fructifications solitary. — Sv.\

39. ARMATUM. . ARMED.

Fronds quadri-pinnate ; pinnules lanceolate, crenulate, smooth above, hirsute
at bottom ; fructifications crowded ; branches and branchlets rough ; trunk
arboreous, prickly.

40. GI.AUCl'M. GLAUCOUS.

Fronds quadri-piauate ; branches and branchlets lanceolate; pinnas lanceobtc,
pinnatifid; segments ovate-acute, glaucous underneath.

41. dissectum, -

«g H O TIT U S J A M A 1 C E N S I S. potsii?0HA-nats

41. DISSECTUM. CUT.

Adiantum nigrum, ramosum, maximum, foiiis sen pmnulis, obtusis.
varie'sed pulckerrime sinuatis el dentatis. Sioane, v. l, p. 96, t.
57, f. !, 2.

Front! quadri-pinnatifid, smoothish ; pinnules ovate, blunt, gash - serrate ; fruc-
tifications solitary ; branches and branchlets pubescent.

This rises four or five feet high, having a smooth reddish brown shining stalk, the

f a finger, divided into alternate branches. Pi nrrales thick, Want, variously si-

nu ted, or deeply cur, especially on 'heir upper sides, and indented about their round

nl a dark green colour, and shining on the upper side. Fructifications in fcrru-

is spots, esp :ci illy near the greater sinuations of the edges. It grows on Mount

Diablo very plentifully. — Sioane.

42. EFF0SUM. SPREADING.

Adianfhum nigrum ramosum maximum foiiis sen pinnidis temiibus

Sloa*, v. !, p. 97, t. .57, f. 4.

Frond quinque-pinnatifid, smoothish, membranaceous; pinnules acute, finely
serrate ; rachis of the branches margined.
This rises three feet high, having a reddish smooth stalk, divided at one foot and a
hair" from the ground into several branches, having their twigs, and they their pinnules
after the manner of adianthum nigrum, only they are longer, thinner, and sharper at
the point, having there a very little prickle, as well as others much smaller along their
margin, where are no incisures, or very. small ones. It is sometimes of a pale grean
colour, with almost pellucid thin leaves. — Mar(j/n.

See Ferns.

POMEGRANATE-TREE. PUNICA.

Ci.. 12, or. l. — Icosandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Pomacea-.
Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed, bell-shaped, five-cleft, acute, coloured, perma-
nent, perianth ; corolla five roundish petals, from upright spreading, inserted
into the calyx ; stamens numerous filaments, shorter than the calyx, and inserted
into it ; anthers somewhat oblong ; the pistil has an inferior germ, a simple style,
the length of the stamens, and beaded stigma ; the pericarp a sub-globular pome,
large, crowned with the calyx, divided into two chambers by a transverse parti-
tion, the upper having about nine, the lower about three, cells; partitions mem-
branaceous ; seeds very many, angular, succulent. Receptacle fleshy, dividing
each cell of the pericarp two ways. There are two species, both generally culti-
vated in Jamaica.

1. GRANATt GRAINED.

Mains punica saliva a/iis simplici fiorc. Sioane, v. 2, p. 163. Fru*
ticosa major, ramulis erassionluts erectis. Browne, p. 239.

Leaves lanceolate ; stem arboreous.
Is tree rises with a woody stem eighteen or twenty feet high, sending out branches

the

PoMttox H OUt US XAfclAICEN'STs!

the whole length, which likewise put out many slen ler t • : ', ring it very thick'

and tyushy : some of these ape armed « I ■■ i . : ' .

shaped, about three-inches long and ha to a point at

each end, ihej an of a light lucid-green, :rs cusie

at the ends of the branches, snigly or three 0) four I igether; freqm

largest terminates the branch, arid immediately under that are V smallc'i

buds, which continue asu'ecession of flowers for some mon lis The is-very thick

and fleshy, and oi a line red colour; the petals tfre«carfet. The fruit, accor !

l.inneus, iSa-pome, according to G<ertner* an inferior berry. There are several va-
rieties: the wild pomegranate, with single and double flowers ; the sweet pome
nate; the small flowering pomegranate, with single anddouble I ■ ;a •

granate with striped flowers. The rind I : flowers are the p li eti !

for medicinal use : the) are both powerful astri i ! >ng been successfully

employed as such both internally and externally in gargles, in diarrhoeas, fitc. The
dose in substance is from half a drachm te a drachm ; in infusion < tion to half

enounce. — Woodville. U an ; ingent, thorii I if the fruit, boiled in water, with
cinnamon; port- wine.and guava jelly to be added ; is recommended in Dancer's Me-
dical Assistant. A conserve may be made of the flowers or pulp with sugar. The rind
should be. dried after the heart is taken out; foi if dried without -scooping it always
tastes musty. Sloane says, that the leaves beaten with oil ofroses, applied to the head,
cores its aching ; that the powder of the fruit, dried in an oven, in a closed pot, cures
. fluxes ; and tliat'tbe rind, with galls, or instead of them, makes good ink. The pome-
.granate-tree thrives remarkably well m Jamaica; fruit have been found upon them
weighing a pound and a half.

2. NANA. BWARF.

F) ulicosa humilior, ramulis gracilibus pater.iibus. Browne, p. 239.
Leaves linear ; stem shrubby.
This seldom vises more than five or six feet high. The flowers are much smaller than
those of the common sort ; the leaves are shorter and narrower ; the fruit is not larger
than a nutmeg, and nas little flavour. It is an ornamental plant, as it continues flower-
ing great part of the year. Both these plants are propagated from layers.

POMPION, CUCURBITA.

Cl. 21, or. 10. — Monoecia syngenesia, Nat. or. — Cucurbit ace a.
-Gen. char. — See Gourd, vol. 1, p. 332.

PEPO.

Leaves lobed ; fruits glassy.

Stems thick, angular, extremely hispid, climbing by means of bifid tendrils, or
spreading to a great distance, so that a single plant, if properly encouraged, will over-
spread twenty roods of ground. Leaves cordate, large, roundish, angular, toothed,
wrinkled, hairy on both sides, on long, alternate, thick, flexuose, hirsute, petioles.
Flowers vellow, lateral, solitarv, on peduncles resembling the petioles, but shorter;
teeth of the calyx large, g«shed, waved, reflex. Fruit roundish, ovate-globular, pale
Vol. II. M greea

90. EORTUS JAM.AICENSfS, ponis

green on the outside, and commonly hispid, with bristly hairs, witbin4ijfringss$ongyflesh,
divided in the middle into three primary cells, each of which is double, and these arc
sub-divided into the proper c< lis of the seeds, which are very numerous, horizontal,
elliptic, of a coaipres., I lens shape, whitish, encircled' with a rounded tumid margin,
and within that with a raised line : it has four coats, the outmost very thin and trans-
parent; the next leathery, brittle, and white ; the third somewhat fleshy and green;
and the inmost membranaceous and cob-webbed: albwnen none; embtio elliptic,
>\ hite ; seed-k ares fleshy, slightly convex. oit-tbe outsjde, flat within, veiny wrinkled.
- — Gartner i Therfruit varies in form and size ; two hundred and sixty of them, on an
average the size of half a peck, have been produced from a single plant in New Eng-
land. The pompion, in several of its varieties, thrives well in Jamaica, and is culti-
vated in most negro provision grounds, as an article of food they are -very fond of. It
is uncertain whence it was introduced, -hut most probably from America. If gathered
when not much bigger than a hen or goose egg, and properly seasoned with butter,
vinegar, &c. they make a- tolerable good sauce for butcher's meat, and may also be used
in soups. In England, when they are grown to maturity, a hole is made on one side,
through which the pulp and seeds are scooped out, daaid the latter being picked out,
the pulp is mixed with sliced apples, milk, sugar, and grated nutmeg; the whole is
then returned into the shell, and baked in an oven, which goes by the name of: pumpkin
pj/e. They grow to a large size in Jamaica ; Mr. A. Robinson mentions that he saw
one which weighed forty-si.v pounds. Barham observes, that too much of them cause
surfeits and levers. An infusion or decoction of the seeds is a powerful diuretic.
-.SVe.GotRD — Squash — Water-Melon.

POND-WEED. POTAMEGETON.

Cl. 4, or. 3. — Tttrandria tetragynia. Nat. or. — Inundatie. i

This generic name is derived from Greek words signifying near a river; these plants
growing in or near water.

Gen. char. — No calyx ; corolla four roundish petals, obtuse, concave, erect, clawed,
deciduous; stamens four filaments; anthers twin, short ; the pistil has four ovate-
acuminate germs, no st\Je, obtuse stigma; there is no pericarp; seeds four, ona-
celled, roundish. One species has been found in Jamaica-

LUCENS. SHINING.

Potamogelon aquis immerswm folio pclhiriJo, lata, ollongo, acuto.—~
Sloane, v. 1, p. 141. Aquaticum foliis oblongis, Jloribus spicatis.
Browne, p. 150.

This aquatic plant is very common in those little rivulets about the Ferry ; the nar-
rowness of its leaves proceed* probably from its long, continuance under water.-—

See Duckweed.

Pope's-TIeads — See Melon Thistle.
Poponax — See Cashaw.
Poppy— See Yellow-Thistle*

Wo

portlanwa HOItTUS JAMAICT.NSIS. 91

No English Nqvie. TOttTI ANDIA.

Cl. 5, or. \:—~Paitandria mdnogynta. NaT. on. — Ilubacefc.
This was so named by Dr. -P. Browne after tiu Dutchess of Portland, who was a'grea*'
lover of botany, and well acquainted ■with English plants.

Gen. char. — Calyx a five-leaved perianth, superior; leaflets olAong, lanceolate,
permanent ; corolla one-petaled ; tube long, funnel forni-veiuricose; border
shorter than the tube, five-parted, acute'-; stamens five awl-shaped declined fila-
ments, almost the length of the corolla, from the bottom of the tube; anthers
linear, erect, very long ; the pistil has a five-cornered, roundish, inferior, germ ;
style simple, the length ojf "the stamens ; stigma oblong, obtuse; the pericarp a 1
ob-ovate capsule, five-streaked, live-cornered, retuse, two-celled, two-valved,
opening at the top ; partition contrary ; seeds very many, roundish, compressed,
imbricate. Two species are natives of Jamaica.

1. GRANDIFLORA. GREAT-TLO'vVERE'i).

Foliis majoribus nitidis ovalis-oppositis, Jiuribus amplissiihis. 'Browne,
p. 164, t. 11.

Flowers pentandrous ; leaves lanceolate-elliptic.

Stem shrubby, upright, branched, knotty, with a smooth bark, cracking longitudi-

'■nally; branches opposite, spreading, round, scarcely divided, leafy, covered with
smooth greeti bark; buds- gummy. Leaves opposite, spreading, somewhat lengthened!
at the point, equal at the base, entire, very smooth, paler beneath, marke I with al-
ternate veins, projecting on both sides; footstalks very short, thick, round below, but

• flat tish above ; stipules between the leaves connate, triangular, pointed, very smooth,
pale, closely pressed to the branch. Flowers axillary, mostly solitary, between the
stipules, ptduncled, a little nodding, very large, white, beautiful, most fragrant at
night, in the bud yellowish, tipped with red ■; peduncles shortish, round, smooth; no
bractes. Calycine leaflets ovate, pointed, a little curved backwards, keeled at the

■base, reddish towards the top. Tube of the corolla with live sharp downy angles, in-
flated at the top; limb in five nearly equal somewhat triangular segments, margins
spreading, at length revolute; filaments on the germ, scarcely so long as the tube,
downy p.t the base ; anthers very long, vertical, straight; germ smooth ; style a little
longer than the stamens, declined, spiral, angular; stigma at length trifid ; segments
revolute. — '■'Smith. Capsule sub-turbinate, crowned with the leaflets of the calyx,
spreading very much, coriaceous, unequally five-cornered, ribbed at the corners; par-
tition thin. Seeds elliptical thickish, fiat on both sides, having raised dots scattered

' over them, rufescent, horizontal, with an umbilicus before they are fully ripe, fleshy,
white, of a sharp pointed pyramidal form, fastened to the partition. — Gartner. — ■
Browne, who gives an excellent figure of this plant, observes that it grows chiefly at
the foot of the mountains, thriving luxuriantly among rocks, shooting generally to the
height of eight or nine feet, but seldom exceeding two or three inches in diameter,
•covered with a thick furrowed bark. This plant has frequently flowered in the English
gardens. Dr. Wright says the external bark has no taste. The inner is very thin and
of a dark brown colour, and bitter astringent taste, and possessing virtues similar to
the Jesuit's bark. Infused in spirits of wine, with a little orange peel, he recommends
it as an excellent stomachic tincture.

M 2 2. COCCINEA,

52 HORTUS JAMAJCENSIS. potatoes

2. COCCIXEA. SCARLET.

Flowers pentandrous ; leaves ovate coriaceous.

This is a shrub two or three feet in height, erect, branched; branches and oratichlets •
rpund, smooth. Leaves opposite, ovate, or sub-oval, scarcely. acuminate, quite en--
tire, nerved, smooth, shining, underneath veined, paler, somewhat wrinkled, with a
convex margin, three inches long and two inches wide; peiioles short, thick, from
round Batted a little, smooth; stipules interposed between the leaves, broad-ovate,
acuminate, pressed to the stem. Flowers axillary, solitary, scarlet, on peduncles a
little longer than the petioles, angular, smooth, coloured; calycine leaflets acute, co-
loured; corolla club-funnel-form, three inches long ; tube five-cornered, at top ven-
tricose ; border five-cleft, segments ovate-acute, erect. Filaments the length of the
tube, erect, equal; anthers longitudinal, 'very long, spiral, yellow; germ oblong,
five-cornered, smooth; capsule roundish, crowned with the calycine leatlets, sruooth,
coloured. It differs from the first species in having the loaves nearly roundish or oval,
coriaceous, veined underneath ; the corollas smaller by half, and of a full scarlet co-
lour; the capsules roundish. Native of Jamaica, in the western parts, on precipices
tpf the mountains, but not common. It flowers there in June and July. — Sw.

Port-Morant Tobacco — See Turkey Berries..

POTATOES. solanum:

Ci.. 5, or. l. — Pentandria monopynia. Xat. or. — Lurid*.
Gen*, ciiau. — See Calalue, branched, vol. 1, p. 141.

tuberosum. tuberous.

Stem unarmed, herbaceous; leaves pinnate, quite entire; peduncles sub-
divided.

The common potatoes, it is generally thought, came originally from North America,
where they were not reckoned good for food. Tin \ wen- first, we are told, introduced
into Ireland in the year 1565, and from thence into England, by a vessel wrecked on
the western coast, called North Mcols, in Lancashire, a place and soil even now fa-
mous for producing this vegetable in great perfection. It was forty years after their
introduction, however, before iheywere much cultivated about London; and then
they were considered as rarities, without anv conception of the utility that might arise
from bringing them into common use. At this time they were distinguished from the
Spanish by the name of Virginian potatoes, or battatas, which is the Indian name of
the Spanish sort. At a meeting of the Royal Society, March isth, 1G62-3, a letter
was read from Mr. Buckland, a Somerset gentleman, recommending the planting of
potatoes in all parts of the kingdom, to prevent famine. This was referred to a com-
mittee; and, in consequence of their report, Mr. Buckland had the thanks of the
society, such members as had land were entreated to plant them, and Mr. Evelyn was
desired to mention the proposals at the close of his SylVa.

In Jamaica the potatoe degenerates. It grows waxy, and acquires in time a more
saccharin* taste than thosejmported from Europe or America. It is not therefore much

cultivated,

jpothos- H OUT US JAMAICENSIS. 93-

cultivated, although, in favourable situations, very good potatoes have been produced

from foreign plants.

See Calalu — Cankerbeury — Egg- Plant — Night-Shades — Tomatos — Turkey-

BeIIIULS.

Potatoe, Sweet — See Sweet- Potatoe,

A'e English Name. POTIJOS.

Ci„ 4, or. 1. — Tetrandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Piperita.

Gen. char. — Calyx a globular spathe, one-leafed, gaping on one side; spadix quite-
simple, thickened, covered all over with little fructifications ; there is no perianth ; -
the corolla has four wedge-shaped, oblong, erect, petals ; stamens four widish
erect filaments, narrower than the petals, and of the same length; anthers very
small, twin; the pistil has a- parallelo-piped, truncate, germ; no style ; stigma
simple; the pericarp aggregate berries, roundish, two-celled; seed single,
roundish. One species is a native of Jamaica.

YI©LACEA, ■ VIOLET.

Parasiticum minus, foliis ovatis punctatrs glabris, spica brevi. —
Browne, p. 333. Arum 13.
Leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, nerved, dotted.
This is a sub-parasitical plant, with thick, long, filiform, simple, smooth, whitish,
roots ; stems several, heaped, two or three feet long, rooting, simple, thickish, roun I,
stiff, knobbed, sheathed, leafy, smooth. Sheaths at the knobs of the stem, or at the
insertion of the petioles, surrounding the stem, of a netted contexture, ferruginous.
Leaves scattered, alternate, acuminate, convex, dotted but not perforated, membra-
naceous; petioles thickish, middling, round, channelled above, smooth, sheathing at
the base. Scapes from the bosom of and scarce longer than the petioles, erect, round,
smooth, solitary, three-cornered. Spathe ovate, concave, entire, shorter by half
than the spadix, spreading; spadix half an inch long, cylindrical, green. What Lin-
neus calls the corolla consists of four triangular valves, retuse at the tip, not to be dis-
tinguished but in the berry- bearing spadix. Filaments four, like petals, membrana-
ceous, whitish, permanent, within the valves, closing up the germ, concealed so that
the anthers appear to sit on the stigma ; anthers twin, with one-valved lobes ; germ
roundish; stigma bifid; berry rolled up in the valves at the base, pellucid, violet-co-
loured, four-seeded-; seeds oblong, remotely disposed in a square, white. Native of
Jamaica, in the highest mountains, at the roots and on the trunks of trees. — Szoi
Browne observed it in the woods about St. Ann's Bay, the stem of which was slender
and shagged, and adorned with a few oval leaves ; it stuck pretty close to the trunk of
iiueh trees as it grew upon, but seldom ran above two or three feet.

Puigkly-Petar — See Indian -Fig.

PRICKLY

Pi ILORTUS JAMAICENS-I4 UMaSS^r/

PRICKLY- POLE. COCOS.

Cl. 25,—Palvue — Monoccia hexandria. Nat. or. — Palmar.
Gen. char.— See Cocoa-Nut,, vol. \,p. GGS.

CUINEENSIS. GUINEA.

J*ahna spmosa minor caddOcegTacili, frudtu pnnufcrnn, minima, rtibrc.
Sloane, v. 2, p. 121. J'itiius ivjcrnc vaginantibus, cakdice tcreki
aculeatissintOyfructuminori. Browne; p. 343.

The whole spiny.; spines bristle-shaped ; fronds distant ;-root creeping.

Root knotty, round, thicker irthan tlie .trunk,' short, horizontally bent in directly
below 1 he surface, creeping, and presently putting out another trunk, so as to make a
thicket, whilst it fixes, ksejt firmly in the soil by slender fibrous roots. Trunk erecr,
armed with very numerous prickles, and furnished with some semi-lacerate withering
stipes, The bark is brownish. Leaves sub-frondose, few, ■ clasping at the'base and
pinnate; rib prickly ; leaflets. en sj form,. acuminate, shining, flat, very slightly folded
Back at the base, .secrate-priekly, unarmed, or with a-fe-w prickles only on both sides,
commonly alternate, sometimes opposite, inconstant in number. Spathes axillary,
solitary, spreading, permanent a long time after the ripeniRg of the fruits, so that two
or three withered leaves are frequently seen below the frond, with a gpathe and spadix
in then axils. ["'lowers with a veiy slight tinge of yellow, and without scent. — Jacguin.
Calyx sometimes three- leaved; leaflets lanceolate-acuminate,- many times smaller than
the petals; corolla triquetrous, frequently .three-parted almost to the base, like a
three-petaled corolla. — Sw. Fruits dark purple, the size of a common cherry, con-
taining an acid juice, of which the Americans make a sort of wine; they are eatable
but not pleasant. — Jacguin.

Thirty or forty of these grow always together, having each a swelling at bottom,
rnade up of interwoven or matted thongs ; the stem is forty feet high and only four or
five inches in diameter, thick beset with long prickles : the leaves grow like those of
the cocoa-nut, but are longer in proportion, greener, and thick beset with prickles.
The fruit is bigger than the largest pea; having a red skin, covering a sweet .pulp,
which. incloses a hard white kernel. Negroes travelling very carefully avoid places
where they grow, because of tire many prickles that fall from them. — Shane. — ■
This .slender tree is very common in the inland woods of Jamaica, and supplies the wild
hogs with abundance of food, when its berries are in season. 'It is seldom above four
and a half inches in diameter, though it generally rises to the height of twelve or fifteen
feet ; but both the leaves and flowers are disposed like those of the cabbage-tree. The
outward part of the trunk is extremely hard and elastic, and looks much like whalebone ;
it is very fit for bows and rammers. — Broxvnc. The fruit of this tree is said to be ex-
cellent in broth, and pigeons feed upon it. Barbam says, " It is with this prickly
palm that the Indians arm their arrows, being as hard as iron : The arrow itself is the
llag of a sugar or wild cane, that grows out of the middle and top of the cane, being
light, straight, »nd smooth as a dragon-blood cane. Of this they take about four or
five feet, and, at the end, they put a small sharp spike, of about a foot long, of this
prickly palm, in which they make nicks to lay their poison in, and beard it to hinder
.' being d*awn out from the wounded part."

See Cocoa-Nut and Macaw.

FRICKLY

pbckly* ffORTUS JAMAICENSIS. W

PRICKLY-YELLOW WOOD. \ XANTHOXYLUM.

Cl. j, on. 5. — Penfandria penhigyma. Nat. or. —
This generic name is derived from two Greek words signifying yellow and wood.
Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, small, five-parted, scarcely obversable ;
corolla one-petaled, cut almost to the base- into five oblong-ovate, spreading,
snail-shaped, segments; stamens five erect spreading' filament:;, with roundish
anthers; the pistil has a depressed germ, style scarcely any, stigmas five, erect,
oblong, in a circular position ; the pericarp a gibbous five- lobed capsule, divided
beyond the middle ; lobes sub-ovate, with one distinct cell in each ; seeds ovate-
angular, solitary.; — Browne, ■

CI.AVA-HERCUU3. HERCULES-CLUB.

Eronijmo cffinis arbor spinosa, folio alato, fructu sicco pentagonn et
pentacocco, ligno Jtavo santali odore. Stoane, v. 2, p. 2S, t. 172.. '
Faliis oblongo ovutis el leviter crenatis, floribus racCmosis,- Caudicc
fptnosa, ligno sub-croceo. Browne, p. 189.

This tree is frequent in Jamaica, and grows to a very considerable size ; it branches
pretty much towards the top, and rises frequently to the height of twenty or thirty feet,
or better ; it is looked upon by many as a dye-wood, but is generally used in buildings,
being a good timber-tree. — Browne. It lias a grey whitish coloured bark, having many
short thick spines or prickles, on stem and branches, growing to' a 'large size as the
tree increases in bulk, so as to become protuberances terminating in spines. Leaves
in pairs or without order, composed of four, five, six, or more, pairs of lanceolate leaflets,
sometimes opposite, sometimes not ; they are about two'and a half inches long, and
about an inch broad near the base, of a dark grass green colour above, paler below, on
very short footstalks or none, without an odd one on the leaves that have alternate leaf-
lets ; but those with oppposite leaflets have an odd one : multitudes of both kinds are
to be found on the same tree. At the end of the branches come the peduncle, branch-
ing out and forming a loose panicle, fdoane observes that the greater spurs or prickles -
on the trunk, when beaten off, smell not unpleasantly, something like yellow Sanders.
The bark is somewhat aromatic. .

Two spoonfuls of the expressed juice of the young roots, give ease in dry-belly-ache,
relieve spasmodic symptom*, epilepsy, &c. Iniusionof the roots a collyriunr.— Dan-
cer's Med. Asst. p. 3yo. .

i7eVn<rV?.Wrhis sort of prickly wood is set thicker and fuller of protuberances and
prickles, which are also much longer, than the other sorts, so that they look like Her-
cules's club, and it is therefore called Hercules.- The wood is very yellow ; its blossom
is almost like the cassia fistula ; after which comes a short flat pod, in shape and bigness
of a man's thumb : It is first green,- then red* and, when full ripe, very black, con-
taining three or four flat seeds, like the Barbadoes flower- fence The root of this tree,
finely scraped, and applied likV a poultice to ttie foulest ulcer, will cleanse and heal it;
as hath been often experienced, and first discovered, by negroes. — Bal-'tam, p. 73.

The following observation:; and experiments, on the xanthoxylum or prickly yellow

vrooi

IT O 11 T U S J A M A I C E N SI 3. pk\ck&

I ■•■• ■■', were communicated, by Mr. "SamuelHTelsted, to theiltoyal Gazette,

j;i which paper 11 appeared 011 the 15th of March, 17 ' ' :

'• Several ithors have treatedof the xanthoxylum ; but by comparing the doscrip-
'. n given by Miller, hn^its, Brownie, Linnaus, the American Philosophic;.! Trans-
I , and Barnaul, it wi.il appear that very different trees, are comprehend&l
-. ■ I r this title. It is sufficient f< r the present purpose, that die prickly yellow wood
< f h maica i. mi generally known in this island, even at a distance, that no botanic; 1
! ■. e Ige is r \u\ i • to distinguish thistree from all others ; and which i he bare sight
of once v.i ! en ibl ever) ;■ rson to do ever after. Among the authors before men-
tioned, B'arham is the on!) original one, within the writer's knowledge, who gives any
account of an in the xantKo\ylum Hercutis, yellow Hercules, Her-

cules club (.van. en I ' . ', of common prickly yellow wood of ; and that

merely as an external tion of the root, Mr Hans Sloane frequently quotes

Barham's m; i : \ as Written about the beginning of this centm

'; 'i'n shew that the xanthoxylum here spoken of possesses other valuable qualities,
beside the one mentioned by Barham, is the principal motive of writing this tract.

;t In Jim.", 1790, the writer became acquainted with the valuable quality of a sub-
stance surrounding the roots of the xanthoxylum.

" '1 lie ri'.i,, ; re tin kly covered with .a light, soft, po.w icry, substance, of a yellow
colour, and an agreeable scent. After digging away the eartfcLthat covers and sur-
rounds them, tbeyareto be cut off, and the dirt scperatc 1 by soaking and washing
them in clean water. The farinaceous covering is then to be carefully scraped off, and
dried by exposure to the sun. This powder, thoroughly dried, "will keep for a consi-
derable time, if properly secured in bottles.

" Its antiseptic qualities have been proved by the following experiment: Two pieces
i f lean beef, of equal texture and weight, were provided. One piece was well rubbed
by the best Peruvian bark, and the other with the yellow powder from the vamhoxylum
roots. They were both tied up in peperate papers, and opened in fourteen days-. That
prepared with the pulv. xanthoxylum was perfectly sweet, and better preserve* than the
other prepared with the coil. Pel wo.

" Applied to ulcers it has been attended with remarkable success, nor is it less ser-
viceable for the cure of recent wounds. Not to multiply instances of its good effects in
such cases, the following will prove it as efficacious on the diseased flesh of a living
subject, as it whs powerful in preventing putrescence in the animal substance before
stated.

" An apothecary, in Kingston, had, for many months, on one of bis legs, such
deep and inveterate ulcers, extending from the ancle to the knee, that, after all at-
tempts to heal them had failed, he was advised to submit to amputation In this situ-
ation, an elderly female slave undertook to make trial of the p:i/iis.ian//i. and the cure
was perfei ted by the following treatment : Twice a day the limb was well sweated over
a bath, the steam of which was confined by a blanket, and the leg afterwards fomented
with the same. The bath v. a:, made by boiling the leaves ot the lime-tree, mallow,
wild spikenard, rosemary, &c. to which, were added some sliced limes. The ulcers
were then entirely covered with the pulv. .m :■<//:. over which was applied the mashed
leaves of the eye-bright, to confine the powder, and the whole rolled up in a suitable
bandage. The regimen directed was abstinence from spirituous liquors, and inflam-
matory food ; taking every morning and evening half a pint of the decoction of lignum-

vitsc

thickly HO It TVS JAMAICENSIS. W

vita; anil sarsaparilla, with a giil of the infusion of crocus metallorum, made by putting
four ounces ol the powdered crocus into a jug, with four gallons of spring water;
which was kept forty-eight hours before the clearest part was decanted. liis common
drink was a decoction ot lignum-vita- and sarsaparilla.*

" it has been discovered that the decoction of the xanth. roots may be substituted foe
lignum vita?.

" Thus far is considered the virtues of the excrescence of the bark as an outward ap-
plication, but the valuable qualities of the roots are stated in the following narration, by
a physician lately deceased, which is decisive on the subject, and affords rational groui.d
for pursuing other experiments :

" ' Mr. Crosdaile purchased two negro wenches, in the beginniog of 1792, the
youngest of whom, at different times since, has been afflicted with a dry belly-ache,
or colica pictonuni. About two months ago, she was seized with it in so dreadful it
form, that our every effort to remove the spastic constriction of the bowels, and pro-
cure some motions, proved ineffectual. To no purpose were emollient fomentations,
anodyne or cathartic clysters, mild and drastic purges, castor oil, and ultimately blis-
ters to the abdomen applied. — That horrid symptom of the volvulus, vomiting of the
ercrements, commenced and removed every ray of hope. In this situation she desired
to have her sister with her, who, on seeing her deplorable condition, signified a wish
of giving a nostrum communicated to her 1)3' their mother, and once employed to cure
herself in a similar complaint in Africa. The request 1 readily complied with. — In the
course of two hours she returned from the woods, with the root and flowers (as ap-
peared) of some plant, pounded together in a calabash. Two spoonfuls of the ex-
pressed juice of this she gave her sister twice, at an interval of two hours each. —
The first effect of this was a tranquil profound sleep of twelve hours duration ; during
which the pulse and breathing gradually returned to the natural state: after this all
sense of pain and every bad symptom disappeared, and no other inconvenience did she
experience save debility and light soreness from the passing of the purgative medicines,
which came away copiously during the course of the following day. The sister wa^
observed to boil the ingredients (after expressing the juice) in a large quantity of water,
and gave it on the following day as a common drink. No reward or menace could in-
duce her to discover the plants, until stratagem brought it to light. We induced
another negro to dissemble a similar complaint, and prevailed with the wench to seek
for and prepare the same cure- In complying with the request, we had her so nar-
rowly watched, as to discover the secret to be the fresh root of the xanthoxylum,
in its infant state, intermixed with the saffron coloured flower of the wild sage, which
last, 1 have since found to contribute nothing to its virtue. Having procured some of
the sappy and smallest roots of the young trees, I expressed the juice, and began the
experiment of its qualities upon myself, in tea-spoonful doses. From the first of these-
I found no other effects thau an unusual flow of spirits. By continuing the dose, drow-
siness, nausea, head-ache, &c. and at length sleep ensued, from which, however, I
next morning awoke perfectly refreshed, and had three copious easy motions. Fearful
of making any further experiments on myself, I determined my future should be on
those of a different colour, and preserved some of the juice in rum and with syrup. —
Vol. II. N These,

"• To those unacquainted with the danger of abruptly healing very old ulcers, it is recommended to create
•»n artificial drain, for a sufficient time, by issues ; for the purpose of discharging the superfluous humour,
»-hich tke habit has been accustomed to secrete; and which, for want of such rtvulsigo, is w»U known by
•Jtke faculty tt terminate life suddenly.

$fc HORTUS J AM AI GEN'S IS. primross

These, as wen as me fresh juice, I have frequently, since that period, administered
in complaints of the bowels, (so frequent among the African race and their progeny),
with every wished for success. On the estate of Mrs. O'Brien, an old man of eighty,
rears was lately seized with convulsive fits every hour, in every character similar to

litepsy : To him, on being sent for, I- immediately gave a wine-glass full of the juice:

preserved in rum. The fit which succeeded the first glass was unattended with strong

convulsions; and the second was little else than a comatose state ; after which a sound

sleep of tea hours removed every appearance of disorder, except lassitude. This la>c

iti >ned anti-spasmodic virtue the xanthoxvlum loses by being dried and powdered

a CQtic qualities being dissipated with the moisture of the plant.'

" The decoction of the roots has succeeded admirably in throwing out the small pox
(and has been long usi d by uie negroes in the yaws), when such determination. to thg-
sujrfac.e was thought requisite."

Prickxy-Withe — See Indian-Fic.

PRIMROSE-WILLOW. JUSSIEUA.

Cl.10, or. L — Decandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Calycanthema^
This was so named in honour of Antoine de Jussieu, demonstrator of plants in the
rojal garden at Paris.

Gen. CHAR. — Calyx a five-cleft perianth, superior, small; leaflets ovate, acute,
permanent.; corolla five-petals, roundish, spieading, sessile; stamens ten fili-
form filaments, very short, with roundish anthers ; the pistil has an oblong inf&r
rior germ"; a filiform style ; and a headed stigma, flat, marked with five streaks ; .
pericarp an oblong, crowned, fire-celled, capsule, gaping at the corners ; seeds
very many> disposed in rows. This differs from Oenothera in the sessile permanent,
calyx, having no tube: hence o,'n. octovalvis and hirta belong to this genus,
making five species natives of Jamaica.

1. RF.PENS. CREEPIX':.

Lysimachia lutea non papposa erecta, minor, fiore hdeo pentapctale,.
t'rudtu carypphyllbide. Sloane, v. l, p. 201, t. 128, f. ", 3. —
y/i rbacea , epens. Browne, p. 203.

Creeping; flowers live-petaled, ten-stamencd ; leaves ovate-oblong.

Roots simple, filiform, short; stem branching, creeping; branches long, sub-di-
'i.i I. divaricating, somewhat succulent, round, smooth. Leaves on short petiole-,
ten I, • i|l, blunt, spreading, entire, vvvy smooth, whin smaller ones in the
axils; peduncles short, one-flowered, round, tliickish, smooth; two very minute
scales at the base of the germ ; flowers yellow, small; calyx five- parted ; segments
lanceolate, the length of the petals; petals sub-sessile, ovate, blunt, veined; germ
attenuated at the base, style thick, stigma convex ; capsule thickisb, opening longi-
tudinally ; seeds disposed longitudinally in five rows, angular, compressed. Native of
Jamaica in moist watery places, flowering in spri.ig. — .SV. It rises ten inches; stem
*re.<anJ round, succulent, smooth, and brittle, pedicels red, flowers large, yellow,

unking-.

7--.u\-*r ;>si H ORTUS J A M A1CE N'3.1 & Sfl

jivking a fine shew ; it grows among mil 1. — Sloane. Browne says it i j freqn ml in.'th 3
lowlands about P Tan tain Garden River. Barham calls it clo\ . and the following

species loose strife ; and says the Indianshighly^Pesteem both-, and make poultices of
Ine leaves, whichniollify.and dissolv< I kin ol tumours. He also says -they are ex-
cellent wound-herbs, stop bleeding inward or outward, ;:'il cure sore-throats, sore»
eyes, and venereal ulcers. The juice or essence lifting of blood and bloody

♦luxes. A cataplasm or ointment is an excellent balsam ; the distilled water a cosmetic.
lirowne observes that all the species of this genus are mild sab-as»rihirents and vulne-
ruries, which may be very properly administered in infusions upon all occasions where
Such medicines are required.

2. OCTOVAI.VIS. . MGHT-STAMSNED.

jlssur-gens glabra, folii-s lanceolatis altemis, ztttegerrifnis, JforihtS
solitaries alaribus. Browne, p. 208.

Upright; flowers four-petaled, eight-stamened, peduncle.!; capsules many-
valved ; leaves lanceolate.

Branches i I upright, four-cornered, pubescent; leaves acuminate, entire,
dotted "underneath at .the edge, nerved, pubescent; on short petioles; leaflets h* the
. • .. inute. Flowers on short peduncles, large, yellow. Calyx sessile, four-

lea acumh ite, pubescent; petals tour, three'times as large as the

ts, distant, ovate, or ob-ovaie, blunt, spreading, deciduous; filaments
eighv, pi\ i close to the style up to the middle, the length of the pistil, awl-shaped ;
anthers ovate, incumbent, two-Valved. Germ roundish-quadrangular, attenuated at
the base, a little curved..; style thick; stigma spherical. Capsule pedicelled, long,
acuminate at the. base, retuse, four-celled, four or eight-valved ; seeds ve ry man) ,
Tpundish.j receptacle quadrangular. Native of marshy places. — Sw.

3* PUBF.SCE^'S. HAIRY.

Lysimachia lutea non papposa erecta major, foliis nirsutis, fritcf^L
caryophylloide. Sloane, v. 1, p. 201, t. 127, f. 3.
Upright, villose; flowers five-petaled, ten-stamened, sessile.

Stem usually brown, strong, four or five feet high, having several hairy, red, an-
gular, branches, thick set on every side with long, narrow, hairv, nerved, leaves,
several of which cotne out together, some larger, some smaller ; the larger three inches
long, and scarcely one broad, light green, downy, and soft like velvet. The flowers
are axillary, large, yellow, very open, on peduncles half an inch long. Capsule large,,
oblong, with four.or five. corners, containing much small yellowish seed. — Sloane.

4. ERECTA. ERECT.

Lysimachia lutea non papposa, erecta, foliis gtabris, fructu caryo*

phylloide. Sloane, v. 1, p. 37.

Upright, smooth; flowers four-petaled, eight- stamened, sessile.

Root annual; stem from two to four feet high, herbaceous, very much branched,

"four-cornered, smooth, reddish ; branches filiform, quadrangular, erect, sub-divided,

-pubescent. Leaves petioled, linear-lanceolate, entire, acuminate, nerved, smooth";

Jietioles very short, red. Flowers abundant, yellow, small ; calyx four-leaved, leaf-
ets ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading, striated underneath, smooth ; petals

N 3 fourj

100 II CRT US JAMAICENSIS. vsychotm4

four, distinct, ovate, entire, concave-, deciduous ; filaments eight,- shorter than tho
petals, upright, contiguous to the pistil ; authers very minute, whitish, commonly
glued to the stigma; germ quadrangular, reddish, smooth; style very short, round,
thick; stigma spherical ; capsule elongated, quadrangular, retuse, four-celled, four-
valved; seeds very minute, roundish, ferruginous. — Sw.

5. yiRTA. HIRSUTE.

Assitrgeris hirsuta, Jioribus solituriis. Browne, p. 208.
Upright, hirsute; flowers four-petaled, eight-atamened.; leaves ovate-acumi-
nate, rough-haired underneath.
This is a shrubby plant with. a hispid stem ; branches hispid, alternate; leaves ses-
sile, marked with parallel veins, i'low ers large, sessile, contained in a large, b*pi<$,
four-leaved, cal^x.

rmNCiWooD — See Spanish Elm.

No English Name. PSYC H OTRIA .

Cu5, on. 1. — Pentandria monogynia, Nat. or. — Stcllatee.

This was so named from the Greek name of an herb in Dioscorides, so Called froia
i>.$ delighting to grow in cold sitilations.

Gen char. — Calyx a very small perianth, five-toothed, superior, permanent; co-
rolla monopetalous, salver or funnel-shaped ; tube long, border short, five-deft;
segments sub-ovate, acute ; stamens five capillary filaments, anthers linear, not
exceeding the tube ; the pistil has an inferior germ, a filiform style, and bifid
stigma, with thukish blunt segments; the pericarp a roundish berry, crowned
with the calyx, bilocular; seeds two, hemispherical, on one side convex and fwe-
grooved, on the other flat. Twenty -two species of this genus are natives of
Jamaica.

1. herbacea. herbaceous.
Viol tr folio baccifcra repens fore albo pcntapctaloiie fructu rxibro iri-
cocco. Sloane, v. l, p. 243. Heroaceum repent • syhaticum foliii
subrotuni-o cordalis oppositis, foribus paucioribns alaribus, laciniis
corolla crecto-patentioics Browne, p. 161. P. 7.

Stem herbaceous, creeping ; leaves cordate-petioled.
Stem filiform, round, smooth ; leaves spreading, acute, bluntly serrate, smooth-
above and shuiing, below silvery and white; petioles long, roundish, erect, pubes-
cent; stipules opposite, ovate, emarginate, white. Peduncles shorter than the pe-
tioles, ere.;, fhickUh, round, commonly radical, but sometimes axillary, few. flowered;
flowers white ; berry roundish, scarlet, crowned ; seeds hemispherical, oblong, grooved.
Native of Jamaica in shady places. — Su\ Browne says its characters agree xretty well
with coffee ; it is entirely a creeper, shoots by a ver\- slender stalk, and roots almost at
any joint. Barham calls it violet, and says, " This herb has a small, round, creeping,
Stem, putting forth at its joints many small fibrous ryots, and having small branches at

about

wymotria nORTCS JAMAICENSIS. VSl

•^li'>ut an inch distance from one another, each of which is about an inch and a half
long, having roundish leaves standing opposite to one another, on an iuch-l g red-
dish foot-stalk, in every thing resembling those of violets, only smaller and rounder.
The flowers come out at the tops of the branches ; ihey ate white, and divided Tr> their
margins into live sections ; then come several round smooth berries, as big ds an Eng-
lish pea, containing, in an orange-coloured pulp, two long brown seeds. It loxes tw
grow in shady moist places, by the sides of woods. The berries, or whole plant,
boiled in whey, cure fluxes; and, boiled in oil, cure blood-shot eves." — b'd:.\am,
p. 2Q2,

2. MYRSTIPHYLI.UM. MYRTLE-LEAVED.

Myrte folio angusto acuminata, arbor raccmosa bacrifera, fructu sul-
cato seu cannulato diphrcno. Sloane, v. 2, p. 102, t. 209, f. 2".
Mi/rstipfiylhon minusfruticosum, foliis ovato acuminatis subrigid'>
oppositis. Browne, p. 152.

Stipules ovate-deciduous; leaves lanceolate-ovate, nervelc-s, shining, rigid;
branches directed one way ; racemes compound, terminating.
This tree has a. smooth light coloured bark, and a trunk fifteen fct high, having a
bard white wood ; branches several, leaves mostly opposite, at the ends of the branches,
having scarce any petioles, they are an inch long and half as broad, ovate-acuminate,
j-mooth, and equal on the edges. At the ends of the twigs come the peduncles in
bunches, having oblong flowers of a pale colour, succeeded by oblong berries, having
two flat, oblong, pretty large seeds. — Sloane. Browne says it is common about the
Ferry, and in the savanna near Hunt's Bay, seldom rising above four or five feet, and
easily distinguished by its tufted bushy form and smooth leaves. It differs in habit
from the fsychotrias, and Browne made a new genus of it.

3. PEDUNCULATA. PEDUNCLED.-

Foliis oralis venosis, floribiis quasi umbdlatis, sustcntaculis longiori-
bus. Browne, p. 160. P. 4.

Stipules two-toothed ; leaves ovate- lanceolate, somewhat wrinkled ; flowers io
a sort of cyme ; common peduncle elongated.
This plant differs from all the other species in its sub-eymose inflorescence, and in
having the common peduncles elongated. It grows in the interior mountain woods.

4. PUBESC£NS. PUBESCENT.

Hirsutum foliis ovatis. Browne, p. 161. P: 5.

Stipules two-toothed;, leaves lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, pubescent; pani-
cles cymed, spreading.
Thisisashrub, a fathom high, with the branches sub-divided, round, erect, pubescent.
Leaves entire, nerved, pubescent, especially underneath, sometimes sub-tomen-
tose, softish, from two to three inches long, on roundish petioles of a middling length ;
stipules interposed between the leaves, with awl-shaped short teeth. Panicles ter-
minating, erect, the length of the leaves, with spreading sub-fastigiate branchlets, -
almost forming a cyme, trichotomous, with a floret in the middle, commonly sessile;
common peduncles an inch long, round, pubescent ; bractes linear, opposite, at the
sub-divisions of the panicle ; flowers yellowish green ; berry roundish, twin, crowned, -

\- .-. 'seent^-,

%jQ2 II 0 n 1 I S J A M .\ I C E K S 13. m enema

pubescent, .black, with a blue juice ; seeds hemi-spherical, grooved and striated. It
fio.ivers the whole year, and is common in Jamaica and other West India islands. — Su\

5. MAHG1NATA. MABGINKB.

Fruticosum JJoliis / lumbeis ovalo a cum. nulls, floribus luxe racemosis.
Browne, p. 161. P. 6.

Stipules entire, acuminate, deciduous; leaves lanceolate- ovate, acute, carti-
laginous bristly at the end ; panicle loose.

This differs from the others in the leave-;, which are ob-ovate, ^acuminate, cartila-
ginous at the edge, and furnished with many minute bristles, nerved and veined, dark
green and sfcining above, ''beneath pale and ; iucous, on roundish petioles.

it giows in woods in the southern parts or Jamaica, flowering in sp;-ing. — Sic.

6. ASUTJCA. ASIAT.C.

Fruticuiosum, fuhis amplioribus oralis stipulis rigitlis interpositis,
ramulis crassioribus, racemis umbellulatis, suslentacuUs Jernalo~
■tcr nulls. Biowne, p 160. P. 2, t. 17, f. 2.

Stipules emarginate ; leaves lanceolaU-uvate.

This is a native of both East and West Indies, and Gartner asserts that the fruit <sf
the Jamaica plant is as like to that of Ceylon as one egg is to another. He thus de-
scribes it: berry small, ovate-globular, crowned with a snort five-toothed calvx,
marked with ten longitudinal deep grooves, two-celled ; coriaceous when ripe, dry,
bi-partite, of a light bay, inclining to straw- colour. In each cell one seed, fastened
to the bottom of it, flattish on one side, wrinkled transversely, and having a raised
line alongsthe middle ; convex on the other side, with three large dorsal grooves, and
two smaller marginal ones, dark-coloured. Gaertner makes Browne's second psj/cotro--
phum this species, Swartz attributes it to the cttrijoita.

7. CftOCEA. -S.iFntON.

Fruticosum foliis o-.alis venosis, stipulis biden talis, racemis tcrmim-
libus croceis Browne, p. 160, t. 13, f. 1, 2.

Stipules two-toothed ; leaves ovate-acute, nerved; panicles erect, and pedun-
cles saffron-coloured.

..This is distinguished by the leaves being very much veined, and the panicles saffroa-
Coloured. — Sw.

8. PAVETTA.

Ceraso forte ajfinis arbor racetnosa, foliis laurinis ex adverso nascenti-
Jtus subtus albicautibus, /tore pcntapetaloide. Sloane, v. 2, p. 96,
t. 1S9, f. 4, & t. 202, f. 2.

Stipules subulate, deciduous ; branches panicled, brachiate, trichotornous-;
tube of the corolla long ; segments patent.
The branches have a whitish striated, smooth bark, under which was a white solid
wood. Leaves opposite, ou short pedicels, ovate-acuminate, three inches long and
■half as broad, smooth, dark green above, whitish below. Peduncles at the top of die
Ranches; racemes many-flowered, umbel fashion. Berries always in clusters, tw»
fbfetiier, of a deep blue colour, containing one hard roand seed. — Sloane.

9. OUGLSOSA,

?»'CnoTBTA> ItORTUS JAMAIC~NSIS> 303

9. ULIGINOSA. MARSHY. *

Frul icosum foliis venosis ovatis oppnsitis, pztiotis sfipulatis, racemis
terminalibus, baca's compressis. Browne, p. 160.

Stipules connate, acute, coi»vex ; leaves lanceolate-oblong ; seeds compressed^
crested; stem herbaceous, simple, erect.

Roots long-, creeping ; stem two or three feet high, herbaceous, only a little shrubby
jfcwards the bottom, thick, round, at the top leafy and smooth, somewhat succulent:
Leaves a foot long, acuminate, entire, with arched nerves, shining, pale underneath :
petioles long, round, thick. Peduncles the length of the petioles, round, smooth,
three-parted at the top ; branchlets shorter than the peduncle, many-flowered at the
top; flowers sub-sessile, clustered, small, pale red ; bractes acute, opposite, convex,
iit the sub-divisions of the peduncles : berry spherical, scarlet, when dry compressed ;
aeeds plano-convex, compressed, crested on the other side. It flowers in spring.-—
Native of Jamaica, in lowest places on mountains. — S'zo.

10. CORY.MBOSA. COYMBED.

Stipules two-toothed; leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute, sub-rigid, shining 5
flowers in corymbs'; peduncles and pedicels coloured.

This is a shrub a fathom in height ; the branches and branchlets sub-divided, up-
right, round, shining ; the latter dark red ; leaves entire, nerved, and veined, very
finootn, shining, on short, round, smooth, petioles; stipules small, interposed be-
tween the leaves, with the teeth lanceolate. EHowers not in a true corymb, bnt in a
panicle approaching nearer to that form than in any of the re- 1, especially when nod-
din^' with a load of berries ; branchlets trichotomous, erect, fastigiate; common pe-
duncles shorter than the leaves, round, smooth, purple; braeres awl-shaped, co-
loured, at the sub-divisions of the panicle; flowers purple; bern roundish, twin,.
compressed a little, dark red ; seeds hemi-sphericaJ, striated. It Bowers in summet
in the high mountains. — Szv.

1 1. HIRSUTA. SHAGGY.

Stipules lanceolate, entire, deciduous; haves laneeo'ate-ovate, acute, rough-
haired; stem extremely hirsute ; panicle spreading.

This differs from the rest of the species in its very remarkable shagginess, and ex-
tremely spreading habit. Native of Jamaica, in the southern parts, in old woods. — Sw.

, 12.ALPINA. ERMINE.

Stipules two-toothed ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, membranaceous,. netted- veined ;_
panicles erect ; corollas elongated, diaphanous.

This is a shrub from five to ten feet high, with the branches thick, four-cornered,,
smooth, almost simple ; leaves acuminate at hoth ends,, sub-ciliate, membranaceous,.
somewhat rigid, many-nerved, smooth on both sides ; on round pubescent petioles;
stipules interposed between the leaves, connate, membranaceous, truncated in the
middle, having on each side a long linear erect, sub-ciliate toothlet. Panicle often
shorter than the leaves ; common peduncle an inch long, flatted or angular, smooth,
sometimes red; branches decussated, from upright spreading, simplv sub-divided;
«itb..the pedicels scattered, red, longer. Berry roundish, largish, two-grooved,

crowned ^,

V& H O TIT U S JAWAICENSI S, ftyTi^cm*.

crowned.; «ee8s'hem*-sphe.rical, grooved. It (lowers in spring and summer, at» 1 is a
native of tne Blue Mountains. — Sw>

1 5. FOETENS. TETIIX

Stipules acuminate, entire, deciduous; leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute, smooth ;

panicle spreading very much ; branches reflex, filiform.

This differs from the hirsuta in its smoothness, and in having the branches of the

panic ie reflex. A peculiar very ietid, sub-acid, odour, proceeds from the branches

When broken, and the leaves when bruised. Native of Jamaica, in the southern parte,

in mountain woods. — -Sw.

14. NERVOSA. NERVED.

Stipules oblong, emarginate, deciduous ; leaves ovate-acuminate at both ends,
nerved, somewhat waved ; panicles sessile, almost erect.

This'has a spreading habit ; leaves ovate and nerved, margins slighth waved, and
the stipules large ; it grows in coppices. — S:t\

15. GLABRATA. SMOOTH.

Stipules acute, undivided, deciduous ; leaves ovate, very smooth, shining ;
flowers paniclcd, erect.

This resembles the asiatica so much, that it may be only a variety ; the leaves, how-
ever, are perfectly ovate and shining; whereas in that they are lanceolate- ovate and
(dark green, not shining. It grows on rocks in the interior of the island. — Sw.

16. 1NVOLUCRATA. INVOLUCRED.

Stipules two-toothed ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, shining ; racemes terminating
corynibed ; pedicels three-flowered ; flowers involucred.
This is a shrub from two to three feet in height, with round, knobbed, smooth,
branches; leaves on short petioles, acuminate, entire, nerved and veined. Flowers
sub-sessile, with a three-leaved involucre, and linear spreading leaflets or bractes, the
length of the pedicels. Berry roundish, with a very minute calyx at top, black, ten-
grooved; seeds hemi-spherical, grooved. Native of Jamaica and Guiana. — in\

17. PATENS. SPREADING.

Stipules two-toothed ; leaves distich, lanceolate-ovate, membranaceous ; branches
spreading ; panicles directed one way.

This is a singular species, having the branches of the panicle directed all one way.—
It is a native of the Blue Mountains. — Sic:

18. CITRtrOLIA. CITRfS-LEAVED.

Stipules ovate, permanent ; leaves elliptic, acuminate, sub-coriaceous ; pani-
cles short ; berries oblong, ribbed.

The leaves are very like those of the lemon in colour and consistence. It is distinct
from the other species in leaves, stipules, and berries.—^. Gsertner remarks that
niie berries are soft, one-celled, and ted.

19. BBACUIATA.

mvchotma II OUT US JAMAICAN SIS. 105

19. BRACHIATA. BRACIUATG.

Stipules ovate, bifid; raceme terminating, compound; blanches brachiate ;
flowers aggregate, sessile.
This shrub is a fathom in height, with upright, four-cornered, even branches. — -
Leaves oblong, acuminate at both ends, entire, nerved, and veined, smooth, some-
what wrinkled, paler underneath, on round petioles, which, together with the nerves,
• are pubescent underneath ; stipules interposed between die leaves, wide, smooth. —
JUaceme almost upright; common peauniie round, flatted a little, elongated, pub
•cent. Branches spreading horizontally, three-parted at the top ; pedicels very short.
flowers sessile, three or tour, aggregate, pale ; bractes wide, concave, sharp ; at the
base of the branchlets of the raceme, and of the pedicels, and under the flowers, pu-
bescent. Berry oblong, crowned, two-grooved, very dark blue; seeds grooved. It
flowers in May and June. Native of Jamaica, in high mountains in the southern
parts. — Sw.

20. LAXA. LOOSE.

"Stipules ovate-acute, decjduous; leaves ovate-acuminate; racemes in three-,
terminating, trichotomous ; branches and pedicels sub-capillary, loose.

Leaves, on very short petioles, from one to two inches in length, entire, smooth,
pale, and very minutely dotted underneath, scarcely nerved, veined, on very short
petioles; stipules very small, interposed between the leaves, entire, sub-ciliate; ra-
cemes two inches long, loose, compound ; berry oblong, a little acuminate at both
ends, smooth. Native of Jamaica in coppices on the mountains.- — Sis).

£1. LAUmrOt.IA. LAUREL-LEAFED.

Stipule ~ oYs.te-acuminate, deciduous ; leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute, thickish,
smooth ; panicles erect ; berries roundish.
This differs from the glabrata in having longer thickish leaves, larger flowers, and
roundish berries, it grows in dry coppices. — Sw.

22. GRANDB. GREAT.

<-Stipules deltoid, revolutn at the edge, awl-shaped at the tip; leaves cunei-

torm-ob-ovate ; stem angular.

This is suffruticose, and from twelve to sixteen feet in height. Stem upright, sub-

lierbaceous, thick, stiff, grooved, smooth,.; with herbaceous, stiff, angular, smooth,

branches, and axillary grooved branchlets. Leaves a foot and more in length, and

three inches wide, with a short point, quite entire, nerved and veined, smooth, paler

underneath, on short, thick, roundish, -petioles; stipules interposed between the

leaves, wide, awl-shaped at die tip, smooth. Panicles large, at the ends of the

.^branchlets ; common peduncle sometimes longer than the leaves, roundish, upright,

•striated; branches in threes and fours, in a sort of whorl, stiff, somewhat compressed,

margined, thicker towards the base, striated, three or four-parted, again sub-divided

at the tip. Fiowers numerous, on short pedicels, somewhat clustered, pale. Berry

-ovate, crowned with a very minute. calyx ; seeds plano-convex. It Bowers in April,

in mountain coppices, in the interior western parts of Jamaica. — Sw.

Of this genus Browne enumerates seven species, but describes none of them partt-
Vol.1I O oularlyj

106 IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS. ftfrocarpus

cutgrly ; he remarks, in general, that they areall very common in Jamaica, growing
best in rich shady soil ; that they are for the most part shrubby, and rise generally
from six to seven feet : that the leaves are opposite in all, and the footstalks generally
supported by stipules ; the flowers are commonly in loose clusters, and terminate the
stalks and branches ; and that the seeds in all the species are pretty much like those of
coffee. Tnese plants were unknown to Linneus. The corolla differs in form in the
species, being tubular, salver, or funnel-shaped ; with the opening in some villose,
in others naked. The inflorescence in almost all is raceme-panicled. The berry one
or two-celled.

No English Name. PTERO CARPUS.

Cl. 17, or. 4. — Diadelphia, decandria. Nat. or. — Papilionace<e.
This name is derived from two Greek words for a wing and a fruit, as the fruit is
winged.

GiN. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, five-toothed; cwrolla papilionaceous j
stamens ten filaments, with roundish anthers; the pistil has a roundish germ,
awl-shaped style, and simple stigma; the pericarp a sickle-shaped legume; seeds
few, solitary. One species is a native of Jamaica.

ECASTAPHYLT.UM.

Frutescens, reclinatum ; foliis ovato-acuminatis, integris, alternis,
Browne, p. 299, t. 32, f. 1.

Leaves simple, ovate-acuminate, silky' underneath.

This is a shrub or a small tree, with a branched even stem, and spreading even
branches; brancblets flexuose, round, pubescent, villose; leaves petioled, alternate,
spreading in a double row, entire, nerved, pubescent ; petioles short, round, thick,
pubescent. Racemes scarcely longer than the petioles, axillary, almost simple, before
flowering time convoluted ; flowers numerous, directed one way, on very short pedun-
cles, white. Calyx ferruginous and silky on the outside; the two upper teeih ap-
proximating ; the three lower equal and acute ; standard of the corolla roundish, en-
tire, somewhat compressed, covering the wings, veined ; wings sickle-shaped, conti-
guous to the keel, which is ovate, concave, bifid at the base, emarginate at the tip ;
filaments in two bodies, five in each, distinct at top ; anthers minute, roundish ; germ
elongated, round ; style curved in, ascending, the length of the keel ; legume sub-
orbicular compressed like a leaf, opening; containing one compressed seed. — Sw. —
This shrubby plant is not uncommon in the lowlands about Kingston ; it grows chiefly
in swampy places, and runs generally to the length of seven or eight feet, in an oblique
direction from the root. When the plant is young, the more tender leaves are beset
with down, which falls off as they grow more hardy, and in time they appear quite
smooth ; they are always single. — Browne.

ruDDiNG-WiTHE— See Virgins Bower.
Pumkin — See Pompion.

PURGING

PurslanB HOUTUS JAMAICENSIS. 107

PURGING SEA BINDWEED. CONVOLVULUS.

Cl. 5, or. 1. — Pentandria monogynid. Nat. or. — Campanac&z.
Gen. char. — See Bindweeds, vol. 1, p. 88.

BRAS1LIENS1S. BRASILIA??.

Convolvulus marinus calhartlcus folio rot undo. Sloane, v. 1, p. I5T,
Maritimus, foliis nitidis sub-rot undis emarginatis, petiolis biglan-
dulis. Browne, p. 153.

Leaves emarginate, with two glands at the base ; peduncles three-flowered.
This, which is also known by the name of sea-side potatoe-sh'p, has a deep, white,
oblong, root, with a great many long round stems, as big a? the little finger, trailing
and spreading to a considerable distance. The leaves are placed on them without any
order, on two inches long pedicels ; they are heart-shaped, or roundish, about two
inches in diameter, hating several ribs and a middle nerve, smooth, of a yellowish
green colour. Flowers large, whitish purple, in threes, on long peduncles. Capsule
large, oval, three-celled, with one seed in each cell, which are cornered, almost like
those of the Spanish arbour vine. The whole plant is full of a milky juice, and smells
very strong. — Sloane. It grows on the Keys near Port- Royal, and on the sandy-seashore ;
creeping a considerable way, and throwing out some short foliated branches, from
space to space as it runs ; the leates arc beautifully veined, and have a small notch at
top ; the root is a strong purgative, and sometimes used with success in hydropic cases.
— Browne. Sloane says the leaves are used in baths for dropsies, and put on issues to
draw them. The stalks and leaves are temperately warm and emollient. Plunder says
he learned that the inspissated juice was very purgative, and a kind of scanmony, and
may be given as such, from twelve to fourteen grains ; and may be corrected by sul-
phur, or cream of tartar ; or with guavas or almonds.

PURSLANE. PORTULACA.

Cl. 11, or. 1. — Dodecandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Succulent ee.

Cen. CHAR. — Calyx a bifid perianth, small, compressed at the tip, permanent; the
corolla has five petals, flat, erect, hlunt, larger than the calyx ; stamens many
filaments, capillary, shorter by half than the corolla, with simple anthers ; the
pistil has a roundish germ, a simple short style, five oblong stigmas the length of
the style ; the pericarp a covered capsule, ovate, one-celled ; receptacle free ;
seeds numerous, small. Four species are indigenous to Jamaica.

I. OLERACEA. POT-HERB.

Portulaca latifolia sru sativa. Sloane, v. I, p. 204. Foliis cunei~
formibus, floribus sessilibus. Browne, p. 233.

Common purslane is an annual herbaceous plant, with a round, smooth, procumbent,
succulent, stem, frequently red, and'diffused branches, often throwing out fibres at
the joints ; leaves more or less wedge-shaped, oblong, blunt, fleshy, smooth, quite
entire, sessile, clustered, especially at the' ends of the branches. Flowers s cssile,

O 2 scattered ;

108 HORTUS J.AMAICENS1S;. wrslanb

scattered ; corollas yellow, spreading ; petals sub-truncate at the tip, and emarginate ;■
stamens ten;, capsule one-celled, opening horizontally ; seeds round, black, very
small. — Loureiro. The stamens vary in number from sevea to frfieen. Tins plant was
formerly much in request as a salad, but now seldom used, It grows very commonly
j a Jamaica, and becomes frequently a troublesome weed; from its sub-acid nitrous-
taste it is considered as a wholesome vegetable eaten with salt meat.

This plant, which is so much taken care of in .England to cultivate in their -gardens,
grows wild in most parts of South America.. It is a cooling and moistening herb, there-
fore good in burning fevers, I often prescribed, in America, the distilled water in
fevers, especially where a flux attended them. It U.kes away the strangury, as well as -
the heal and scalding of urine in ardent fevers. Eaten raw, it cures teeth that are set.
on edge, and fastens them. The juice of the herb is singularly good in inflammations -
and venereal ulcers.

The herb,, bruised and applied to the forehead and temples, allays the excessive
heat and pains that occasion want of rest and sleep, and, applied to the eyes, takes
away redness and inflammations. The juice, mixed with vinegar, takes away the St.
Anthony's fire, and pimples in the face. The juice, with the oil of roses, takes out
the fire of burnings by gun-powder, lightning, or scalding, but if it were mixed with
goose-grease it would dobetter ; the juice also, made up into pills, with gum traga-
canth and arabic, cures those that evacuate or spit blood. The seed is more effectual,
than the herb, and is of singular use for all the purposes above-mentioned. — Barham, ,
p. 154.

2. HALIMOIDES. HALIMUS-LIKE.

Portulaca erectasedi nrnoris facie, capitulo tomentoso. Sloane, v. J,
p. 205, t. 129, f. 3. Halimus. — Minimus, joliol is oblongis succu-
lenlis tumcntibus, sammis ramalis dcnsissimc sitis. Browne,
p. 206.

Leaves oblong, fleshy ; stem corymbose ; flowers sessile.

This little plant is frequent in the dry savannas about Spanish Town and Kingston ;
it grows in beds, and spreads a little upon the ground, but the stems seldom exceed
two or three inches in length ; the leaves are disposed pretty thick at the top of the •
branches, and the flowers blow in the centre of them. There is a sort of cotton shoots
about the flowers as the weed grows old, whichin time spreads over most parts of it.—
The calyx is bifid ; corolla monopetalous, bell-shaped, cut very deeply into five seg-
ments ; stamens eight to ten filaments, sometimes fewer, with roundish anthers ; stig-
mas three or five-parted; pericarp membranaceous, roundish, one-celled, openings
transversely ; seeds few, roundish. — Browne,

3. PILOSA. HAIRY.

Anacampseros 2. — Supina minor, foliis linearibus turgidis, ftoribus

summis ramulis co?ifcrtis, stylo quinquefido. Browne, p. 234.

Leaves awl-shaped, alternate; axils hairy ; flowers sessile, terminating.

This is an annual herbaceous plant, with very succulent stalks, of a purple colour,

?pd branching out greatly ; the lower branches lie near the ground, but those above

are more erect ; leaves narrow, of a lucid green ; at the joints are tufts of white hairs,

and

■addisii ITORTUS JASIAICENSTS. T05r

and between those come out the flowers, of a fine pink colour, but of short duration,
seldom continuing open longer than five or six hours; they are succeeded by short
roundish capsuies,. filled with small black seeds. Capsule opens transversely ; recep-
tacles five, free, distant, filiform, branched, erect, fastened to the bottom of the cap-
sule. Browne says the plant was cultivated in many gardens about Kingston, on ac-
count of its constant greenness, and the frequent shooting of its flowers. It is a native
of the smaller sanity islands beyond Port- Royal, and grows in spreading tufts or beds
about the root ; all its parts are very bitter, and frequently used as a stomachic and
provocative of the menses, as well as a diuretic. It roots from the lower joints, and ia
very easily propagated, but thrives best in a warm rich soil.

4. FRUTICOSA. FRUTICOSE.

Portulacie facie maritima fruticosa irecta amarican. Sloane, v. I,
p. 205. Anacampseros 1. — Foliis radical ibus, mollibus, ovatis3
glabris ; scapo assurgenli, paniculato. Browne, p. 234.

Leaves ob-ovate, flattish ; peduncles racemed ; calyxes five-leaved ; stem
shrubby, decumbent.

The leaves are round and succulent, and all disposed about the bottom of the stalk,
which rises generally to the height of sixteen or twenty inches above the root. It is a-
beautiful shrubby plant, and grows in a gravelly soil. Calyx is a five-leaved perianth ;
corolla five or six-petaled ; stamens from twelve to eighteen, with roundish anthers ;
the pistil has a roundish germ, an erect trifid style, and simple stigma; the pericarp
an ovate one-celled, three-valved, capsule, dividing vertically ; seeds many and.
roundish. — Browne.

Quamoclit — See Indian Creeper.

KADDISH. RAPTTA\TU<?.

Cl. 5, OR. 2. — Tetr adynamia siliquosU. Nat. ok. — Silitjuostt.

Gf.N. char. — Calyx four-leaved, erect; corolla four-petaied, cruciiorm ; stamens
six filaments, four longer, with simple anttiers; glands four, two between each
shorter stamen and the pistil, and two between the jonger stamens ana ^iio calyx j
pericarp an oblong siiique ; seeds roundish.

SATJVUP. COMMON. -

Siliques cylindrical, torose, two-celled.

The common raddish is frequently cultivated in Jamaica, where it thrives weU in all
of its varieties. They are milder than the English raddishes, but become t
spungy, and sticky, if not pulled in a fortnight from the time they are first fit for i ;

table*

no HOItTUS JAMAICENSIS. rattlewort

table. Tt is thought to be a native of China, ant! cultivated in England in 1597, as no-
ticed in Gerarde\s Herbal, but probably introduced there before that period. They
are usually mixed and sown in the same bed as carrot seed, as they come speedily to
perfection, and may be taken out of it before the carrot seed makes its appearance. —
Raddishes are thought to be opening, attenuating, and antiscorbutic, but afford little
nourishment, and are windy. They provoke urine, and are good for the stone and
gravel.

RAMOON-TREE. TROPHIC.

Cl. 22, or. 4 — Dioecia tetrandria. Nat. or. — Calyciflora.

This generic name is derived from a Greek word signifying nourishment, from the
leaves being good fodder for cattle.

Gen. char. — No male calyx ; corolla four obtuse spreading petals ; stamens four
capillary filaments, longer than the corolla. Female on a distinct plant : calyx
one-leafed, very small, closely investing the germ ; no corolla ; the pistil has an
ovate germ, a filiform two-parted style, and aduate stigma ; the pericarp a sub-
striated berry, wrinkled, one-celled; seeds single, sub-globular. There is only
one species, which is a native of Jamaica.

AMERiCANA. AMERICAN.

Foliis oblongo ovatis glabris alternis, fioribus masculinis spicatis ad
alas. Browne, p. 357, t. 37, f. 1.

This tree is twenty feet high at most, with nearly upright, round, even, branches ;
leaves oblong, acuminate, with the point blunt, entire, beneath netted- veined and
paler. Male Bowers in peduncled roundish aments, an inch long, erect, axillary, sub-
solitary ; dowers approximating, minute, whitish. Female flowers in axillary racemes,
' two together, longer than the petioles, composed of seven or eight sessile, alternate,
horizontal, flowers ; germ pubescent ; style parted at the base ; segments length of the
germ, spreading, and bent down, with ferruginous hairs on them ; the fruit is a stri-
ated one seeded drupe. A clammy very white milky juice flows from an incision in the
trunk of the tret-, or from the branches when broken. — Sw. The leaves and tops of
this tree maki' an agreeable wholesome fodder for ail sorts of cattle and horses, and are
often used as such in dry seasons, in the inland woody parts of Jamaica, where grass is
frequently very scarce. The berries are generally about the size of large grapes, and
of an agreeable pleasant flavour. — Browne.

Uaquette — See Torch Thistle.

RATTLEWORT. CROTALARIA.

Cl. 17, on. 4. — Diadelphia decandria. Nat. or. — PapUionaccte,
Ti— was ij named because the seeds in the ripe pods make a rattling noise.

Ger.

juttleworT 1IORTUS JAMAICENSIS. Ill

Gen. CFIAR. — Calyx a three- parte! perianth ; corolla papilionaceous ; stamens ten
connate filaments, with a fissure on the back, and simple anthers ; the pistil has an
cbiong germ, simple style, and obtuse stigma ; the pericarp a short legume,
turgid, inflated, pedicelled ; seeds one or two, globose, kidney-form. Three
species are natives of Jamaica.

1. LOTI FOLIA. LOTUS- LEAVED.

Crotalariu trifolia fruticosa, follis glahris, flore e viridi luleo minore,
Sloane, v. 2, p. 33, t. 17t", f. 1, 2.

Leaves ternate, ob-ovate ; flowers lateral, sub-racemed.
Stems sarmentose, slender, and weak, at bottom stiff and woodv, but higher up
herbaceous, round, from- a foot to eighteen inches in height, and more ; (Sloane says
three or four feet) ; about the middle dividing into branches, on which, at short inter-
vals, grow smooth ternate leaves. Flowers axillary, on peduncles, three or four to-
gether, yellow, resembling those of the common lotus; the banner longer than the
other petals an I reflex, bin the edges inflex ; legumes about aa inch long, containing
five or six seeds, rattling when ripe.

2. iNCANA. HOARY.

Crotalariu trifolia fruticosa, foliis rotundis incanis, fioribus spicatis e
•triridi-luttis, fructu pubescente, Sloane, v. 2, p. 34, t. l"9, f. 2.

Leaves ternate, oval, villose beneath ; racemes spike-form ; keel tomentose at
the edge ; legumes sessile, hirsute.

Root annual; stem from two to four feet high, almost simple, erect, pubescent;
leaves elliptic, entire, nerved; geireral petioles long, angular, horizontal, pubescent;
partial very short, round ; stipules solitary, deciduous. Flowers sub-racemose, green-
ish yellow, rather large ; peduncles three or four-flowered, shoVt, axillary; pedicels
longer than the peduncles ; bractes two, subulate, under each flower. Calyx five-
cleft, silky; standard of the corolla fulvous, streaked ; the rest yellow ; stigma acute ;
legume sub-sessile, turgid-inflated, villose-pubescent, beaked with the permanent
style; seeds oblong. It has the common smell of the leguminous tribe, but is fetid.
— Sw. The seeds are of a reddish brown colour, and have each a notch. It grew in
the Crescent and about Guanaboa. — Sloane.

3. SAGI1 TATIS. SAGITTATE.

Leaves lanceolate ; stipules decurrent, solitary, two-toothed.

Hoot annual ; stem herbaceous, half a foot high, or more, erect, sub-divided, strict,
round, pubescent ; leaves on very short petioles, alternate, entire, rounded at the
base, hoary underneath, and somewhat hirsute ; (but sometimes smooth). Stipules at
the sides of the petioles, decurrent, bifid at the top, acute, as it were sagittate. Pe-
duncles terminating, solitary, opposite to the petio.es, strict, round, two or three-
flowered ; flowers yellow, pedicelled; calyx five-parted, two segments posterior,
three anterior, ovate-lanceolate, hirsute ; at the base are two or three leaflets. Stand-
ard of the corolla roundish, erect, spreading, pnle ; wings ovate, embracing the keel,
which is bilid at the base and blunt at the end : five of the filaments shorter than the
other five ; anthers oblong, those of the shorter filaments smaller, roundish: legume
sub-sessile, almost cylindnc, veined, pellucid, when ripe blackish ; seeds pedicelled,
fixed to the suture in a quadruple row, kidney -form, shining. — Sw.

iVtf

1LS HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. -*ws

No English Name. RAUWGLFIA.

Cl. 5, or. 1. — Ptntandris vionogynia. Nat. or. — Contort*.

So named in honour of Leonhard Rauwolif, physician in Augsburg, who published
his travels in 1583.

G£]s. char. — Calyx a five-toothed, very small permanent perianth; corolla one-
petaled, funnel-forni ; tube cylindrical, globular at the base, border five-parted,
fiat; segments roundish, emarginate; stamens five filaments, shorter tiian the
tube, with erect, simple, acute, anthers ; the pistil has a roundish germ, very
short style, and capitate stigma; pericarp a sub-globular drupe, one-celled, with
a groove on one side : seed two nuts, convex at the base, attenuated at the top,
compressed, two-celled. One species is a native of.Jarnaica.

CAKF.SCEKS. HOARY.

Sohnnfructufrutkosa,foliis hiurinis oblongis integris subtus hirsutism
/tore minore purpurea. Sloane, v. 2, p. 107, t. 133, f. 1, & t.
211, f. 1. Fruticosafoliis verticillatis tenuissime villosis. Browne,
p. 189.
Leaves in fours, oblong-ovate, acuminate, pubescent; lowers terminating and
axillary.
This is an upright shrub, the whole of it milky, from afoot to eight feet in height,
with all the parts ol a coi -responding size, according to soil and situation ; the younger
tranches sub-tomentose. Leaves in fours, ob-ovate, attenuated at the base, acute,
wrinkled, tomrmo.se underneath, quite entire, the two nearest longer than the other
two ; petioles hirsute, round. Common peduncles branched, terminating in fours.
Flowers reddish, small, without scent ; calyx five-leaved, leaflets lanceolate ; segments
of the corolla squared, emarginate, scarcely oblique ; hairs in the throat n hout order;
drupe ohsoletely bifid, first red, then dark coloured; nuts wrinkled, flat on one side,
convex on tne other, two-celled; kernels solitary, seldom more in a nut, one of the
cells becoming abomve. — Jact/uin. The berries are somewhat bigger than a common
pea, of a c-( impressed globose form, and, when bruised, they emit a very deep blue
thick juice, yvhich tinges, the fingers like indigo. The tube of the flower swells at both
ends," and n;. i ioas in the middle. Browne says this shrub is very common in the sa-
vannas about the town of;Kingston, berries small, black, and succulent; the leaves
grow in a verticillaied oider, and are beautifully covered with a light down, which is
hardly perceptible to the naked eye. The whole shrub is full of milk, of a deleterious
nature.

RED-BEAD-TREE. SOPHORA.

Ct.. 10, or. 1. — Decandria. monogynia. Nat. or. — Papilionace*.
Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, five-ttoothed, gibbous above ; corona
papilionaceous, five-petaled ; standard oblong, wings oblong, the length of the

standard,,

U» H OUT US .TAM.\TCENS(§, 113

standard, ke-el two-pe'aled .; stamem ton distinct filament*, with Wiafl ambers 4
the pistil ha- an uhlans germ* style the sige nf the stamens, stigma- obtuse j perw
carp a long legume, slender, one-celled, knobbed at the seeds, which are many
and roundish. 'i\\u species are natives of Jamaica,

1. MON'OSPERMA. -ONE-SEEDED.

Glycine 3. — Jrboreumfoliis oblongis, seminibus majoribus. Browne,
p. 298.

Leaves unequally pinnate ; pinnas five- paired ; legumes one-seeded ; stem ar«
boreoua.

This is a small tiee, ten feet high, with a whitish bark, and a hard wood ; branches
ferruginous- tomentose; leaflets smooth on both sides, and rigid ; panicles terminating,
bianched; corol;a large, blue, smelling sweet; legume ovate, villose, woody, .in
which there is only one large spherieal scarlet seed, with a black spot. Native of Ja-
maica and other islands of the West Indies. — Sw, Browne says he saw this tree at
Montsorrat, where it rose by a moderate trunk, and spread much towards the top,
,that the seeds were pretty large, and well marked with a proportioned large spot.

2. OCC1BENTALIS -WESTERN.

jfrbori coral a flints non spinosa, fnitinifolh rctuvdhre, foil is et r*~
tnuliepubescentibus, Sloane, v. 2, p. 40, t. 173, f. 3. Galega l.
« — Fi -uticosa foiiis siihrolundis'pinnatis ; spais simplicibus (crmiua*
{/bus. Browne, p. 239, t. 31, f. 1.
Leaves pinnate ; leaflets numerous, roundish, hoary, sub-tomentose.
"This is a shrub with a round, hoary, .pubescent, stem, and round, spreading, sub*
«toruentose, branches; leaves on alternate, long, spreading, round, hoary, petioles,
thickened at the base ; leaflets opposite, mostly six-paired, with an odd one, entire,
flat, hoary, white. tomentose beneath, on short round petioles. Flowers in a sort of
spike; peduncle terminating, erect, a foot long, simple, round, many-flowered;
flowersclo.se, biggish, peduncled, yellow, calyx bluntly five-toothed, with the three
lower teeth longer, hoary, pale green ; germ hoary ; legume pedicelled, very long,
jiX first filiform, then swelling out and jointed ; seeds roundish.— Sw. Browne calls it
<the shrubby goat-rue, with round ash-coloured leaves, which grows chiefly in the low-
lauds near the sea, and rises generally to the height of six or seven feet. It is of a dark
ash-colour, and bears many long pods of a roundish cylindric form, but swelling about
the seeds. I doubt whether the leaves of this plant would not make good indigo.-—
Jirowne,

RED-BEAD VINE. GLYCINE.

Cl. 17, OR. 4. — Diadelphia decandria. Nat. or. — Papiliomcex.
This generic name is derived from a Greek word signifying sweet.
Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, tubular, two-lipped, permanent; upper
lip three-parted; the lateral segments linear, the middle one broader, bifid;
lower entirely simple, linear ; corolla papilionaceous ; banner ovate-lanceolate,
Vol. IL P straight,

IH HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. bed

straight, longer ; wings oblong, very like the keel, but a little larger ; keel two-
petaled, acute, with a claw the length of the calyx ; stamens diadelphous filaments,
straight ; anthers simple, roundish ; the pistil has a germ shorter than the calyx ;
style subulate, the length of the stamens ; stigma obtuse, ascending; the peri-
carp an ovate or oblong legume, compressed, acute, OBe-celled ; seeds very few,
kidney-form. Two species are natives of Jamaica.

1. PHASEOLOIDES. PHASEOLUS-LIK.F.

Sylvestre scandens, foliis pinnato ternatis, floribus ■ spicatis ; siliquis
bispermibus medio ccarctatis. Browne, p. 298.

Leaves ternate, villose underneath ; racemes terminating.
Stem twining to a considerable height, and bearing many flowers towards the top.
The legumes have two-seeds, and are contracted in the middle. — Browne.

2. RETICULATA. NETTED.

Leaves ternate, oblong-lanceolate, pubescent, the veins like network under;*
neath ; racemes axillary, sub-sessile ; legumes oblong, compressed.
Stem twining, angular, softly villose, sub-canescent ; leaves petioled, leaflets also
petioled, the middle one an inch and a half long, the side ones a little smaller, all
three acute, villose on both sides, soft,, somewhat wrinkled, netted, and paler under-
neath ; petioles tomentose ; stipules ovate. Racemes axillary, solitary, longer than
the leaves; pedicels solitary, distant; bractes ovate, attenuated, deciduous; calyxes
five-cleft, the clefts linear- lanceolate, attenuated; legume sharp at both ends, pubes-
cent, especially on the edges, brown ; seeds two. — Sw.

RED-WITHE. COMBRETUM.

Cl. P, or. 1. — Octandria morwgynia. Nat. OR. — Calycanthemte.
Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, superior, bell-shaped, four or five-
toothed, deciduous ; corolla four or five petals, ovate, acute, inserted into the
calyx, and scarce longer than it; stamens eight or ten filaments, bristle-form,
erect, very long; anthers a little oblong ; the pistil has an inferior linear germ;
style bristle-shaped, erect, very long ; stigma acute ; there is no pericarp, except
the crust of the seed ; seed single, four or five angled; angles membranaceous,
acuminate. One species is indigenous to Jamaica.

LAXILM. LAX.

Spikes lax ; leaves opposite.
Branches brachiate, the branches compressed a little at the tip, dusky ferruginous,
pubescent; leaves elliptic, large, entire, nerved. Flowers raceme spiked ; toramon
peduncle axillary on the terminating branches, erect, round, ferruginous, pubescent ;
racemules opposite, spreading, many -flowered ; pedicels one-flowered ; calyx goblet-
shaped, four-cornered, villose within, coloured ; petals four, with very short claws,
inserted into the angles of the calyx, ovate, spreading, yellowish white ; filaments
fight, twice as long as the calyx, springing from the bottom of it ; anthers ovate, mi-

• nutei

WDW'oob IIORTUS JAMAICEXSIS. MS

nutc ; g^rm roundish, style subulate-filiform ; capsule oblong, four-cornered, four-
wfnged, one-celled; seed four-cornered, the corners membranaceous and rod, one-
celled. It varies with narrower, ovate-lanceolate, leaves. — iV.

The following description of this plant is taken from Mr. A. Robinson's manuscript,
who also gives its characters, which correspond, in every respect, with those given
above from Dr. Martyn's Dictionary :

Scaridensfoliis ovatis, nervosis maxhnis nppns-itis ; floribus axiUaribus
spicatis, petalis longioribus unguibus linearibus bracteis triangulatis,
Capsulis guadralatis monoxptrmis ; racemis alaribus terminalibus.
A. Robinson.

This is a very large scandent shrubby plant, the stem is roundish, ligneous, brittle,
-about two inches in diameter, covered with a smooth ash -coloured bark towards the
root, sending forth many branches, growing to the height of thirty, forty, or fifty,
feet, diffusing themselves round the trees they happen to grow upon, and hiding them
from sight. The branches arc covered with a reddish brown bark, hence it derives its
name. The leaves are large and nervose, from five to ten inches in length and six in
breadth, of a pale green, with plain or indented margins, their middle ribs bending
back for the most part, the mid-ribs of a yellowish green, whence proceed alternate
veins, running obliquely forward to the margin, where these veins run ; the leaf is
deeply furrowed on Us upper part, and consequently very prominent on the opposite
side, supported by crooked swelling pedicels. The fruit grows on branched pedicels,
rising from the bosoms of the leaves and the ends of the branches ; they have quadra-
gonal capsules turbinated at each end, from each angle rises a foliaceous wing, between
each wing a deep furrow : these capsules are an inch and a half long and three- fourths
broad from the edge of one wing to another ; they consist of four valves, are monolo-
cular, and contain one quadragonal turbinated naked seed, marked with deep furrows,
dividing it into four equal parts; this seed is of a pale yellowish green, and nothing
else but the two seminal leaves folded together into this form, and further remarkable
in having no proper cover, which,, if I mistake not, is somewhat singular: however,
nature, always provident, has taken care not only to endue these seeds with an exces-
sive intolerable bitter taste, but also that the seed should germinate in the capsule,
whose valves are so weil glued together that nothing but the swelling of the seeds, or a
violence equal thereto, can force them asunder. The leaves are of an astringent taste,
and used by the negro doctors in astringent decoctions or baths for their dropsical
patients.

This plant is common in the woods and morasses near Paul Island, in Westmorland,
it has no tendrils, the ends of some of the branches twisting round the trees supply
their places, while others bear the fruit and blossoms.

Dr. Marty n remarks, that this genus of plants is but imperfectly known, and being a
very fine one deserves the attention of botanists. There are only four known species,
all natives of warm climates, and it is doubtful whether all may not be found in Jamaica.

REDWOOD or IRONWOOD. ERYTHROXYLON1

Cl. 10, or. 3. — Decandria trigynia. 'Nat. OR. — Malpighia.

p a Thij

116 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. |tEjy»'oo»

This generic name is derived from the Greek words for red aod wood.'
Gen. char. — Calyx, a one-leafed perianth, five-cleft, turbinate i division*, ovate,
sharp, very small, withering; corolla five ovate, concave, expanding, petals j-
nectary of five scales, emarginate, .upright, coloured, inserted into the base ot
the petals ; stamens ten filaments, length of the corolla, at the base connected by
a truncated membrane ; anthers heart-shaped ; the pistil has an ovate germ, three
filiform styles, distant, length of the stamens ; stigmas obtuse, thickish ; the pe —
ricarp an ovate drupe, one-celled; seed an oblong nut, obtusely quadrangular.—
Two species are natives of Jamaica.

I, AREOLATIM.

EolHs ellrptkis, Uneis binis longitudinal ibus sub t us not at u ; fasciculis
fto.uvi sparsis. Browne, p. 278, t. 3S, f. 2.

Leaves ob-ovate, mucronate ; branchlets short, rloriferons, scaly.

Stem shrubby, . even, with long, spreading and somewhat rugged brancb.es ;. leaves--
petioled, alternate, ob-ovate, narrower at the base, entire, veined, sub-glaucous un-
derneath, deciduous. Flowers in alternate bundles, on short peduncles, small and"
white; petals with claws, inserted into the edge of the segments of the calyx, oblong,
convex, entire. Nectareous scales in the throat of the corolla, surrounding the sta-
mens, waved about the edge ; filaments, during the time of flowering, connate above
the middle, afterwards cut more deeply, awl-shaped and white ; anthers ovate, minute,
yellow; germ roundish; styles awl-shaped, spreading very much; stigmas capitate,
peltate ; fruit an oblong drupe, resembling that of the berberry, acuminate, scarlet,
including an oblong attenuated hard nucleus or nut — R». This is a small but a beau-
tiful tree ;. the leaves are of an oval form, and marked with two slender longitudinal
lines upon the back, which were the utmost limits of that part of the leaf which are ex-
posed, while it lay in a folded state. The flowers grow in little clusters, and are very
thick upon the branches. The inward bark is of a flesh, colour, and the wood of a red--
dish brown. It is reckoned an excellent timber wood, for the size of the tree, which
seldom exceeds sixteen or eighteen feet iu height, and five or six inches in. diameter.
■ — Browne. It grows in dry coppices..

2. ROTUNDIFOLIUM. ROUND-LEAFED.

Foliis muioribus subrotundis confertis, sfj/lis brevissimis, ramulis ie~
nuissimis. Browne, p. 278.

Hound leafed ; styles short; branches slender.

This tree differs from the foregoing, both in shape and manner of its growth ; but it
auswers the essential characters thoroughly. It grows in .the lowlands, like the other,
and rises commonly to the height of eighteen or twenty feet. Its leaves are roundish
and small, and the branches very slender. — Browne. Both these plants blossom iii
July and perfect their fruit in August. They are common near Clarendon Cross. '

Reed-Mace,— See Cat's-Tail.

Rejjd-Milljet — See Panic-Grass.

Reeds— .SVc- Bam boo— Panic-Grass — Trumpet-Reed — Wild-Canf.

ilUEXIA — See Acisanthera,

RICEh

rich ■ IJORTUS 3AMAICENSIS. 117

RICE. ORYZA.

Cl. &, or. 2. — Hexandria digijnia. NaT. or. — Gramina.

Gf.x. £HAR.— -Calys a one-flowered, two-valvedr glume, ve»y small, acuminate,
almost equal ; corolla two-valved ; valves boat-shaped, concave, compressed, the
larger five-angled, awned ; nectary two-leaved, flat on one side of the germ, very
small, leaflets narrow at tlve base, truncate at the tip, caducous ; stamens six fila-
ments, capillary,, the length of the corolla ; anthers hi lid at the base; the pistil
has a turbinate germ, two capillary styles, reflex ; stigmas club-shaped, feathered ;
there is no pericarp, corolla growing to the seed, oval-oblong, compressed, mar-
gins thin, two streaks on each side ; seed single, large, oblong, blunt, cora-
pressed, with two streaks on each side.- There is only one species*

fATlVA. common.

On/za. Sloane, v. 1, p. 103. Culmo substr-iafo nodosa, parti
sparsa. Browne, p. 203.

Rice has the culm from one to six feet in length, annual, erect, simple, round,
jointed; leaves subulate-linear, reflex, embracing, not fleshy ; in a tern

ing panicle; calycine leaflets lanceolate ; valves of the corolla equal it I
inner valve even, awn less ; the outer twice as wide, foar-grooved, i
style single, two-parted. This valuable plant is cultivated largely boti . and

America; but, though it thrives well in man v parts of Jamaica, lias been almost alto-
gether neglected. The Chinese make a wine of it, which is of an amber colour, and
tastes-like Spanish wine ; a strong brandy or spirit is a>so drawn from it. Trie flour of
rice has lately been found a great corrector of damaged wheat flour, by mixing ten
pounds of the latter with one of the former, to be made into bread in
manner.

This plant thrives extremely well in moist bottoms between 'the mountains, Ft ought
only to be cultivated in places where the ground can be flooded with water. The
marshy grounds therefore in this island, such as those at the Ferry, in St Andrew's,
the east end ot St. Thomas in the East, the lands about Black-Rivi r in St, Elizabeth's,
Negril in Westmorland, and other similar parts, appear naturally adapted to this
grain, if it should be thought worth while to cultivate it, as an a< m supply of
food for the negroes. — Long, p. 768.

Rice grows as well in America as it doth in Africa and other part?, About twenty
years past, I sowed some in a moist parcel of ground in Jamaica; but, happening to
plant out of time, it grew very rank, and did not bear. 1 cut it down close to the
ground, and gave it to my horses, who eat it as well as Guinea-corn bla ;s. After-
wards it .grew up, and, at the usual or proper time, it bore an extraordinary. qnai . v
of grain, which was bearded like barley, which with its outward husk is taken off,
and then it is quite white. The Spaniards and Portuguese call it arras, of which they
make a spirit called arrack ; the Arabians call it arz, and arzi. It is cooling and re-
stringent ; an emulsion made of it is good against the strangury from cantharidesj the
fee meal or flour takes away the marks of the small-pox. — Jfarham, p. 159.

RINGWOR33

U8 HOllTUS JA.MA1CENS.IS. wstwoBM

RINGWORM SHRUB. CASSIA.

Cl. 10, qr. 1. — Decandria rrumegyme. Nat. on. — Lomentacea.
Gen. cha&. — See Cane Piece Sensitive, p. 151.

AL.ATA. WINGED.

l$i!i</uis quadrlalafis, spicis terminalibus ; foliis phirimis pinnatis,
majoi ibus obovatis. Browne, p. 224.

Leaflets eight pairs, oval-oblong', the lowest smaller} petioles without glands;
v. !iu.«;s spreading.

Stem sub-litrbaceous, six feet high and more, branched, upright, furrowed, smooth,
with simple striated branches ; leaves large, from one to two feet in length, with six
pairs of leaflets [six to ten) ; common petiole thickened at the base, three-sided, ex-
cavated at top, in a manner winged ; leaflets gradually larger from the base to the tip,
on very short petioles, oh-ovate, obtuse, entire, nerved, smooth on both sides, paler
underneath, pubescent; glands none ; stipules semi-cordate. Racemes terminating,
spiked, from one to two feet in length, solitary, round, upright, many-flow:ered-;
flowers large, yellow, pedicelled; bractes roundish, ovate, concave, entire, the colour
of the flowers, and covering them, loosely imbricate like scales; pedicels scattered,
short, round, smooth ; calycine leaflets oblong, concave, coloured, tender ; petals
unequal, with claws roundish, concave, entire; the superior fifth petal a little larger
lhari the others, waved with a fringed border. The three lower filaments very small,
with barren anthers ; the four middle ones smaller and fertile ; the two upper ones
longer, with very large recurved anthers, bifid at the base, refuse at the tip; germ
shortly pedicelled, long, declined, recurved, striated ; style short, recurved ; stigma
obtuse ; pods two-valved, quadrangular, the opposite angles winged, the margin cre-
pate; seeds seperated by alternate membranaceous partitions, rhomboidal, compressed.
— Sw. This plant is a native ot Jamaica, and common about the Ferry and in the
upper parts ot Sixteen-Mile- Walk. It lives but a few years, though it puts on the ap-
pearance of a shrub in its growth; and, when cultivated, rises sometimes to the height
of seven or eight leet, but seldom exceeds four in its native soil. Ants are very fond
of the flowers. The juice of the leaves or buds is said to cure ring-worms. — Brozpnc.
The most certain remedy which the West Indies afford for the cure of ring-worms, is
an epiihem made of the flour of brimstone and the juice of the ring-worm bush. But,
thougn these applications will remove this ailment, yet the remedies which Europe
affords are both more certain and more speedy. Among these, a strong solution of
bluestone in lime-water, or corrosive sublimate, in the same menstruum, deserve die
preference. Purgatives are scarce ever necessary in this disorder; but sweating, espe-
cially in a warm bath, is Highly expedient at the close of the distemper. There are
other remedies used as follow : by rubbing the parts with a coarse cloth, till they begin
to bleed, and then squeezing into them the zest of a Seville orange : by mixing two
drachms of gunpowder, with as much lime-juice as will bring it to the consistence of a
thin liniment ; tins rubbed in morning and evening, after hard friction, often proves
effectual. When me ring-worms are not numerous, an application of salt water and,

urine

iroDWooD FIORTUS J AM AI C ENS I S. 119

mine will cure then*. — Grainger. Dr. Wright says a poultice of the flowers of this
shrub are also useful.

See Cane-Piece Sensitive— Cassia Stick Tree — Horse Cassia— Senna— Stink-
ing-Weed.

A~o English Name. ROCHEFORTIA.

Cl. 5, or. 2. — Pentamln'a digynia. Nat. or. — Dumoste.

This was so named by Swartz in memory of de Rochefort, a traveller at the beginning
of the seventeenth century.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed, five-parted perianth; segments ovate, blunt; co-
rolla one-petaled, funnel-form ; tube short, aperture open, border five-parted,
segments ovate-oblong, spreading; the stamens live filaments, inserted in the
throat of the corolla at the openings, awl-shaped; anthers oblong ; the pistil has
a superior germ, roundish, compressed; styles two, awl-shaped; stigmas simple;
pericarp sub-globular, two-celled; seeds a few, angular. Two species are natives »
of Jamaica.

1. cuneata. wedged.

Leaves wedge-shaped, ob-ovate, entire.

This is a shrub three or four feet high, with a branching, upright, unarmed, stem ;
branches sub-divided, flexuose, round, thorny, almost even, covered with an ash-
coloured bark ; thorns near the base of the petioles, solitary, stretched out, three times
shorter than them ; leaves in bundles or threes, seldom more, alternately clustered, on
short petioles, sometimes emarginate, smooth on both sides, brownish green, paler
underneath, slightly nerved, somewhat rigid ; peduncles commonly terminating, ax-
illary, sub-dichotomous, clustered, cymed, shorter than the leaves. Flowers small,
greenish, or whitish; segments of the* calyx upright, pubescent; tube of the corolla
five-cornered; germ villose; styles shorter than the filaments, villose; stigmas villose,
sub-plumose. Native of Jamaica, in dry rocky mountains. — Sw.

2. ovata. ovatp.

Leaves ovate- emarginate.

This is a small tree with round smooth branches ; leaves alternate, petioled, entire^
somewhat villose, nerved, and veined, an inch long. Peduncles five times shorter
than the leaves, many-flowered, with the flowers in pairs ; calyx divided at the base ;
segments villose at the edge, upright, incumbent ; tube of the corolla bell-shaped, the
length of the calyx ; segments blunt, a little longer than the tube; anthers large, sub-
incumbent; germ smooth. Native of Jamaica. — 5'za.

Rocou — See Arnotto,

RODWOOD. L^TH.

€l. 13,. on, 1. — Polyandria monogj/nia. Nat; or. — TUiaceie.

This-

12p HORTUS JAMAICENSJS. iONDKLEVu

This was so nam^d from John de Laet of Antwerp.

Cjen. char— --Calyx a five.-leaved perianth ; leaflets oblong, concave, reflex, ro*.
loured, withering; corolla none, or else five-petals; stamens numerous filaments,
capillary, rather shorter than lhe calyx, with roundish anthers ; the pist'l has an
oblong germ, ending in a filiform style, longer than the .stamens ; stigma headed;;
depressed; the pericarp a globose berry., three-sided, furrowed with three lines,
tine-celled, .increased internally by a cartilaginous membrane; seeds very many,
nestling, cornered, coated with a purple aril. Two species axe natives of Jamaica.

1.. GUlnOMA.

Fvliis r.vatis uti'inqiie porrcctis, altemis, qnamloque crenatis ; racemii
la.iis ulanbus. Browne, p. 249, t. 29, f. 4.
Flowers apetalous; peduncles one-flowered, terminating; leaves oblong-acu-
minate, serrate, pubescent.
In the fruit of this tree, which seems nearly allied to samyda, the lines between the
valves are of a beautiful red colour, as well as the placentae ; and the riiaments of the
flower very numerous. The tree grows to a considerable size, and is esteemed u fine
timber-wood ; it is much used in all sorts of buildings.

2. THAMXIA.

Foliis avails levisslmc crenatis Lctc vlrent'bus nitidis alternis, petioli:
brevibus, -pedunculis gcniculatis. Browne, p. 245.

This shrub was found in the lied Hills above the Angels; it is not common in the
island. — Browne.

In describing the characters of these two plants, Dr. Browne made them of a different
genus, no doubt from having examined imperfect flowers, as the partsin these are very
evanescent. In one' flower examined, which was expanded, only two petals were found,
and in another, not yet opened, tiiree or four. The petals are equal iu number to the
leaves of the calyx, and equal in length to the filaments ; they are placed in the divari-
cation of the cup, of an ovate form, but shorter and narrower than the leaves of the
perianth. Dr. Browne also observed the petals in one plant, and meeting with another
after the petals had dropped, he named 'itthamnia : the corolla, indeed, is but seldom
to be found after the flower opens, so much does nature sport with the fructification of
plants, thereby causing many errors in botany, which add much to the difficulties of
the science, and which nothing but time and the most careful industry can correct.

No English Name. RONDELETIA.

Cl. 5, OR. 1. — Pentandria moncgynia. Nat or. — linbiacetr.
So named by Plumier in memory of Guillaume Rondelet, a famous physician and
natural historian of Montpelier.

Gen. chau. — Calx x a one-leafed superior perianth, five-parted, acute, permanent;
corolla one-petaled, funnel-shaped; tube cylindrical, longer than the calyx, bel-
lying a little at top; border five-parted, from reflex flat; segments roundish;

stamens

HORT-US JAMAICENS'IS. J21

awl-shaped filaments, almost thelengthof the corolla; - file;

1 is :. i tjn I'ior germ ; a filiform style, tin- length of the corolla;

igrria ; the pericarp is a roundish capsule, crow.ned, *wo-etelled.; steals
.: J, or sometimes solitary. Ten species are natives of .Jamaica.

Willi many seals.

1, TlUFOl.IA'IW. •nilil.K-I.I-AVED.

Leaves in threes, tomentose underneath; panicles .axillary.

This is an upright tree. twelve feet in height. The younger branches are obtusely
'triangular and hirsute; leaves lanceolate-acute, quite entire, smooth on the upper,
slightly tomentose on the lower, surface, three inches long, on hirsute petioles ; stipules
roundish, acuminate, in threes, alternating with the leaves. Racemes hirsute, une-
qual, branched, axillary, an in'ch and -Jt>han in length; Bowers small, reddish, sessile
..and peduncletl, void of scent ; fruit two-valved, with a partition opposite the valves. — ■
Jacquin, who observed it in Jamaica, (lowering in February.

2. WLPSA. HAIRY.

Leaves ovate, hairy on both sides ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves,
trilid ; flowers lour-stamened.

"This is a shrub with round or four-cornered branches, leafv towards the top, and hairy
below, even, ash-coloured, often waited with the old deciduous petioles.; leaves op-
posite, two or three inches long, the upper or terminating ones clustered, ovate-
lanceolate, entire, nerved, hairy, underneath rough-haired or tomentose-hoary ; pe-
tioles short, villose ; stipules between the petioles, sub-connate, acuminate, hairy. —
Peduncles opposite, filiform, hairy, at the top trifid or three-flowered ; the flowers
■pedicelled ; the lateral pedicels half an inch long, the middle one shorter. Bractes
two, awl-shaped at the base of I le Literal pedicels, and two others at the base
■of the germ, shorter by half than the calyx; calyx four-parted, segments lanceo-
late-linear, acute, villose; corolla salver-shaped ; tube sub-cylindrical, thelengthof
the calycine segments, wider at top, on the outside villose or somewhat silky ; border-
near the aperture crowned with a margined ring, four- parted, with the segments
•roundish, spreading, convex above, shorter than the tube. ; filaments four, very short,
•inserted in the tube above the middle ; anthers oblong, linear, included ; germ villose ;
style the length of the tube ; segments of the stigma linear, blunt; capsule small, sub-
globular, twin, -villose, two-valved, with the partition contrary; seeds numerous,
-brown. — Sii'.

With sub-solitary seeds.

3. THYRSOIDEA. TIIYUSED.

T,eavcs oblong, acute, membranaceous, pubescent underneath ; thyrses ax-
illary.

This is a small tree or shrub, six feet high, branched, upright, even, with an ash-
coloured bark; branches simple, almost upright, long, spreading, round, or bluntly
four-cornered, smooth ; leaves opposite, decussated, three inches long, entire, nerved
and veined, on petioles an inch long, striated, spreading ; stipules between and above
the netioies, pressed to the branchlet, wide, ovate, acute, smooth, rigid. Thyrses
■solitary, opposite, shorter than the leaves, oblong, spreading, on a common petiole,
yot-. il, Q -an

123 HORTUS JAMA IC ENS IS.-. roktckutia-

sri' uidi in kingtb, angular, striated, smooth; branchlefs opposite, decussated, sub-
divided; the: outmost commonly three- flowered; flowers small, dull, whitish yellow ©*■
ferruginous; bractes small, awl-shaped, or little leaflets under the ramifications of the
thyise; calyx-very, minute, five-toothed. Tube of the corolla elongated, cylindrical,
swelling below the border, silky-pubescent on the outside ; border five-parted; seg-
ments roundish, convex, distant, patulous, with a small ring contracting and crowning
the aperture; filaments five, inserted into the upper part of the tube; anthers very
small, ovate, pale, placed in the very aperture; germ roundish ; style awl-shaped,
bifid at the top , stigmas simple Capsule roundish, with a groove along the middle,
the size of a coriander seed, crowned with the '.cry small calyx, two-celled ;. having
two angular rounded striated seeds in each cell. Native of the driest hills of Jamaica,
in thewestern part of the island, flowering in May ; the flowers smell very sweet during
the night. — Sit},

4. RACE.MOSA. RACEMFD.

fflruticosa-, foliis ovatis verticillatim terriatis, stipulis rigidis interpv-
sitis, sustentaculisjioram long is ramosis alar ib us.- Browne, p. 143,',
t. 2, f. 3. Petesia.

Leaves lanceolate-ovate, acuminate, smooth on both sides ; stipules elliptic
with a .short point,; racemes axillary, trickotomous patulous.

This is a shrub with round spreading branches, covered with an irregular hoary bark ;
branchlets four-cornered, compressed a little at the tip, smooth ; leaves decussated,
quite entire, scarcely nerved, veined, somewhat membranaceous; petioles longish,
four-cornered, smooth ; stipules interpctiolary, opposite, patulous, convex, wide,
very minutely villose at the edge. Racemes solitary, opposite, from upright spreading,
shorter than the leaves; common peduncle the length of the petioles, compressed;
branches decussated, almost horizontal, with sessile, awl-shaped, spreading, bractes,
every where at the sub-divisions of the raceme ; flowers pedieelled, distiect, not clus-
tere". Calyx small, with five very short upright teeth; corolla small, silky hoary on •
the outside, pale within; tube short, oblong, equal; border five-parted, segments
mate, spreading, pubescent; aperture. naked, five-cornered; filaments from the mid-
dle of the tube ; anthers oblong, yellowish, in the apertures of the tube ; germ ovate,
smooth ; style simple, upright, the length of the-tube ; stigma thickish, with the apex
more acute and undivided ; capsule ovale, crowned with the calyx, smooth, two-celled r"
opening by two valves, two-seeded ; seeds convex on one side, flat on the other,
joined at the middle, distinct from the partition at the sides. Eesides the ripening
seeds there are other very minute embrios within the valves. Native of Jamaica on the
mountains. It is allied both to thyrsoidea and laurifvlia, but differs in the leaves,
spreading racemes, and flowers. Browne's figure agrees very well with this plant, but,
in his specific character, he makes the leaves verticillate-ternate, whereas in his figure
they arc opposite; he also speaks of 'the flowers as four-stamened, which they very,
jeliiom are — Sm. Browne found it near the water fall in Mammee River.

5. I.A'JRirOI.IA. LAUREL- LEAFED.

Fruticosa foliis ovatis oppositis, stipulis rigidis intcrpositis, racemfs
viinoribus alaribus, cal-ice quinquefidfr. Browne, p. 143, t. 2, f. 2.
Leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, smooth on both sides ; stipules deltoid ; ra-
cemes compound-axillary, erect; tube of the flowers very short.

This

dgxdiletia HO RT US J A M A I C E N S I S 121

This is a shrub- with rottftd, smooth, somewhat striated, branches, join ted as it were
With the decidiions petioles, compressed a little at the top ; leaves opposite, throe or
four inches long, decussated, afcuminate at both ends, entire-, nerved, and veined,
•paler underneath^ on petioles an inch long-, roundish, fiat above, smooth ; stipules
•between the petioles, wide, connate, acuminate, spreading, rigid, smooth, except at
the edge, where they are viilose. Racemes often the length of the leaves, opposite ;
branches decussated, compressed a little ; pedicels scattered, the last commoiily three-
fioworcu- bractes minute, awl-shaped, at the divisions of the raceme. Flowers small,
dusky yellow; calyx five-toothed, very small, pubescent; teeth acute, erect, very
small ; tube of the corolla very short, scarcely longer than the teeth of the calyx, wider
under the border, which is five-parted, with the segments the length of the tube, ob-
long, reflex, tomentose above; throat open, with the margin five-cornered, smooth,
shining; filaments from the middle of the tube, shorter than the tube; anthers in the
throat, oblong, yellow; style tbickish, the length of the tube; stigma above tire border
thickened, bifid; capsule globular, scarcely longer than a seed of hemp, smooth,
crowned with a very minute calyx, two-celled, two-valved; partition contrary; seeds
very many, membranaceous, bat two only ripening, and these hemispherical. It is
very like II thyrsoidea, but has the leaves a little narrower, and smooth on both sides,
the racemes are erect ; the tube is very short, not four times as long as the calyx, and
two seeds only ripen in the capsule. It seems to be "Browne's plant, though Linneus
refers that to his petcsia stipularis, which it can hardlj be, because, in that case, the
•leaves ought to be tomentose underneath, and the flowers thyrsoid. — Su:

6. TOMF.NTOSA. TOMENTOSE.

\Fruficosa foliis sub-villosis ovatis oppositis, stipiilts seta tcrminatis,
racemis alaribus. Browne, p. 144.

Teaves ovate-acuminate, tomentose; peduncles three-parted, axillary, short.

This shrub is three feet high, upright, branched above, even ; branches and branch-
lets opposite, round, upright, somewhat viilose at the top ; leaves on short pubescent
petioles, opposite, entire, nerved and veined, rough-haired, dusky green, villose-
tomentose underneath, becoming hoary ; stipules between the petioles, ovate, with a
short point, pubescent. Peduncles small; several times shorter than the leaves, three-
parted, with three-flowered branchlets ; flowers small, whitish or dusky yellow, viilose
on the outside ; calyx five-toothed, small; tube of the corolla longer than the calyx,
narrow; border five-parted, with ovate-concave segments; aperture crowned with a
small ring; anthers within the aperture ; style bifid at the top. Capsule roundish,
two-celled, small, the size of coriander seed ; seeds solitary, hemispherical. Native
of Jamaica on rocky hills. It differs from thyrsoidea in being smaller, in having the
leaves pubescent on both sides, and tomentose underneath, and the racemes, flowers,
and fruit, very small.

7. UMBELLULATA. Sl^B-UMBELLED,

Leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute, sub-hirsute; peduncles axillary, trichotomous
at top ; flowers sub-umbelled.

This shrub is two feet high and more, branched, and upright ; branches almost up-
right, sub-divided, and compressed a little, even ; branchlets hirsute at the top ; leaves
on hirsute petioles of a middling length ; stipules between the petioles, opposite, con-

Q. 2 nate,

12i IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS. ronfelltu.

Xiate; membranaceous, broad at the base, with a longer and somevrnat <~ !ly point-,
iirsute, shrivelling, Peduncles opposite,, solitary, in '.lie axili of the
leaves, shorter than the leaves, compressed, hirsute, at tip three- part, fraw-

cred; pedicel? forming an umbellet, with four small linear acute leafl I of ^

an involucre, at the base ; segments of the calyx linear, hirsute, perm ■ i L

larger than the others dusky yellow, pubescent on the outside ; tube eh : , I n-

ing towards the border, which has five roundish convex segments ;.api -.re ero ed
with a ring ;:. filaments as in tbyrsoidai.; style bifid at the top; capsule rou: !ssh,
crowned with the segments of the calyx, two-celled, two-valvi-.l ; valves bipartite,
partition contrary ; seeds very many, but two -ripening in each cell ; these are angul v. .
Convex.; the resv are small, Bat, and membranaceous. Native of Jau aica, on rocks
near streams, flowering in April. It is distinguished by its shagglness, the size of this
flowers, and the intlorescence.-r-6';c.

S. 1NCANA. ItOARY.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, underneath hoary-rugged ; peduncles axillary, simple^
three-flowered.

Shrub from two to three feet in. height, upright, branched, rugged; branches round,
rigid, rugged ; leaves mostly terminating, on round tomentose-hoary petioles, oppo-
site, entire, m -ved, netted veined, smooth, somewhat shining, underneath hirsute, .
rugged, rigid, somewhat leatherj ; stipule's within the base of the petioles, very shuit,
truncate, whitish ciliate at the edge. Flowers snb-umbelled, on very short pedicels,
with a two- leaved involucret; leaflets ovate-acute, concave, pubeseent-hoaiy. Calyx
five-parted; segments ovate, acute, thick, rigid, silky-hoary withiri aud without; five
other little, segments at the base of the germ, and two ovate-acute leaflets at the base of
the calyx.; corolla biggish ; tube the lei igth of the calyx and hoary ; border five-parted ; ;
segments ovate5, convex, rigid, juoary; aperture margiued ; filaments from the middle
of the tube; anthers below the. border; germ oblong, tunicate at the top, hirsute;
style bifid at the top ; stigma, thi< ker. Capsule Bbjorrg; clothed and crowned with the
calyx,, two-celled, truncate at the top, perforated in the centre, Uvo-valved, with the
valves bi-partilc ; partition contrary ; seeds very many, small, oblong, membranaceous,
two only ripening. This species is very distinct in its habit, flowers, and hoariness. —
Native of Jamaica in rocky calcareous mountains, but rare. — $iv.

Sh HIRSBTA. HIRSUTE. .

Leaves oblong -acute, hirsute; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, loose; flowers. .
hirsute.

This shrub is a fathom high, branched and even ; branches sub-divided, round-flatted,
loosish, rugged; twigs hirsute. Leaves on short hirsute, rufescent petioles, decus- .
sated, in the middle .widish, .acme, entire, nerved and veined, pale underneath ; sti-
pules opposite, wide, ovate-lanceolate, long, hirsute; peduncles opposite, solitary,
nearly the length of the leaves, filiform, three-parted at top, trifid, hirsute, flowers
jsedicelled, vcllowi>h, hirsute on the outside ; leaflets minute, opposite, linear, acute,
hirsute, at the sub-divisions of the peduncles. Calyx five-cleft, segments lanceolate,
acute, upright, hirsute: corolla salver-shaped ; tube the length of the calycine seg-
ments, round, narrower towards the border, hirsute on the outside ; border five-cleft,
spreading; segments oblong, blunt, short, incumbent; aperture contracted, scarcely
margined; filaments inserted into the middle of the tube ^ anthers oblong, within the

lube ;

S'.st H OUT US JAVAICF.NSIS. 125

tube; germ ovate, hirsute; style the leffgth of the tube, bifid at the top; sti nas
erect, acute. Native ui Jamaica, in mountains in the southern part, flowering in
-January. — Src.

10. H1RTA. HAIRY.

Leaves oblong-acuminate, rough-haired, rigid, nerved underneath ; peduncles
axillary, trichotomous, erect.
This differs fi >m th< hirsuta in the leaves being rigid' and nerved, the branches and
peduncles sttfl i d upright, not loo s: from umbellulata in the leases not being lance- ■
oiate-ovat. , acute j the flowers in umbels, not clustered. — Sxu.

ROSE. ROSA.

Cl. 12, oh. !>. — Jcosandria polygynixt. Nat. or. — Lenticosie,
■Jen. char.— Calyx a one-leafed perianth, pitcher-shaped, five-cleft, fleshy, con-
tract t . at in'; neck; corolla five ob-eordate petals ; stamens very many, capillary,
with three cornered anthers; the pistil has numerous germs, styles, and blunt
stigmas; there is no pericarp; berry fleshy; seeds numerous, oblong, hispid,
fastened to the inner side of the calyx.

ROSE.

The common rose, both red and white, has been long introduced into Jamaica,
where it thrives very well, especially in the cooler mountains-, and, with little care, may
be kept constantly in bloom. 'The (lowers are never so large, nor the smell so powerful
and fragrant, as its England ; owing to the heat of the climate disclosing them too
soon. There are so many species and varieties of this well known and beautiful genus,
that it is difficult to distinguish them. The following are enumerated in the Hortus
Eastensis : lutea, yellow Austrian; cinnamomca, cinnamon ; ccntifolia, hundred
leaved; damascena, damask; gallica, red; muscosa, moss; moschuta, musk; alba,
white ; spinojissimn, Scotch ; sempevflonns, China ; and rubigitiosa, sweet brier.

ROSE, WILD. BLAKEA.

C'f.. 11, OR. I. — Dodecandria monegyma. Nat. OR. —

This was so named by Dr. Patrick Browne from Mr. Martin Blake, of Antigua, a
eat promoter of useful knowledge, and a patron of the doctor's Natural History of

great promoter
Jamaica.

Gen. CHAR.'— Calyx — perianth of the fruit inferior, six-leaved; leaflets ovate, con-
cave, expanding, the size of the flower ; perianth of the flow\r snperior; margin
quite entire, hexangular, membranaceous-,; corolla six, ovate, expa"ding, ecjual
petals; stamens twelve filaments, subulate, erect; anthers triangui r, depressed,
concatenated into a ring ; the pistil has an inferior germ, ob-ovate crowned with
the margin of the calyx; style subulate, the iengh of the flower; stigma ite;
ihe pericarp an ob-ovate capsule, six-celled; Seeds very many. One specie is a
aative -of Jamaica.

XUKERV&KS

1-6 II OUT US JAMATCENSIS. .-rose

TKINERV1A. THREE-NERVED.

Fi-uiicosa ; foliis ellipticis, trin-erviis, nitidis ; ftoribus lateral ibits.—
Browne, p. 323, t. 33.
Two cah-cled ; leaves three- nerved.

Leaves oblong-ovate, petioJed, quite entire, coriaceous, opposite; the three nerves
underneath protuberant, blackish. Flowers opposite, solitary.

This vegetable is certainly one of. the most beautiful productions of America. It is
but a weakly plant at first, and supports itself for a time by the help of some neighbour-
ing shrub or tree ; but it grows.gradually more robust, and, at length, acquires a pretty
moderate stem, which divides into a thousand weakly declining branches, well supplied
with beautiful rosy blossoms on all sides, that give it a most pleasing appearance in the
season.

It is chiefly found in «oal,r moist, and shady, places, and grows generally to the
height of ten or fourteen feet ; but rises always higher when -it remains a climber, in
which state it continues sometime. It thrives best on the sides of ponds or rivulets,
an tiiose that would choose to have it flourish in their gardens, where it must naturally
make a very elegant appearance, ought to supply it with some support while it con-
.; young and weakly. It is called Blakea, after Air. Martin Blake, of Antigua, a
rgyt at promoter of every sort of useful knowledge, and a gentleman to whose friendship
the Natural History of Jamaica chiefly owes its early appearance. — Browne's Jamaica.

The petaia of the flower have an agreeable acid taste, hence some have called thie
]daiit the sorrel rose.

• " I have always taken the twelve triangulated bodies, supported by the stamens in
this flower, to be anthers ; but having discovered an uncommon appearance upon the
upper part of some of these supposed anthers with my naked eye, it induced me to
look at it with a hand microscope, when I perceived that the upper part or coat of some
.of these, being abraded by some accident, displayed two -small anthers, and that these
bodies ought rather to be denominated nectaxeous glands than anthers, on the summit
of the other glands that were uot abraded ; I could also plainly perceive the tumid an-
thers replete with yellow farina, and on these, as well as the abraded ones, I saw two
small holes or punctures on the interior side of each angle of the glands, facing the
style, immediately before the inner angle ; and, perceiving a furrow at the hinder part
of each gland, with a pir. 1 found I could easily divide each gland into two equal parts,
which were connected above, where each division had an hollow or excavated part for
Che reception of one anther, which was" recumbent and fixed; the lower part of each,
glandular division was hollow, monocapsular, .and empty." — A Robinson.

ROSE APPLE. EUGENIA.

Cl. 12, OR. l.—Icosandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Ilesperide/e.
This was so named after Prince Eugene of Savoy, who was a great promoter of
botany.

jGen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, superior, elevated in the middle into a
sub-villose little ball, four-parted ; divisions oblong, obtuse, concave, permanent ;

corolla

eottboei.ua IIORTUS JAM'AI CENSI 9. 127

corolla, four petal*, twice as large as the calyx, oblong, obtuse, concave ; stamens
very many filaments, inserted into the ball of the calyx, length of the corolla, with
small anthers ; the pistil has u turbinate inferior germ ; a simple style, the length
of the stamens ; and a simple siigma; the perici.rp a four-cornered drupe, crow tied,
one-celled;, seed a roundish smooth uut.

JAM30S.-

Leaves quite entire ;• peduncles brant heJ, terminating.

This tree rises twenty or thirty feet high, with handsome spreading branches. Leaves
lanceolate, acute, opposite. Flowers mostly terminating, but some come out from,
the sides. Fruit round, smooth, crowned with the calyx, of a fine yellow colour when
ripe, about two inches in diameter: the rind about a quarter of an inch thick, hollow,
containing a roundish nut, which rattles in the fruit when ripe. The rind has a sweetish
■watery taste, with a flavour like roses, from which the name has been derived ; but is_
not in much esteem as a fruit. This tree is a native of the East Indies, and was intro-
duced into Jamaica in the year 1762, by Zachary Bayley, Esq. and is so hardy as to
thrive well in almost any soil, multiplying itself so much by scattering its seeds, thai,
wherever there is a bearing tree, the surrounding land will be covered with young
plants, very troublesome in some situations, as the seeds take root aud grow very
speedily.

The malacensis, or Otaheite apple ; and the jarnholanu, or jainbolan, both species
of this genus, were also brought to Jamaica in his Majesty's ship Providence, in the
year 17y3.

ROSEMARY. ROSMARINUS.

Cl. 2, or. l. — Diandriamonogynia. Nat. or. — Verlicillata.
GEN. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth ; corolla unequal, with the upper lip two
parted; stamens two long filaments, curved, simple, with a tooth; anthers sim-
ple; the pistil has a four-cleft germ ; style like the stamens, stigma simple; no
pericarp ; calyx containing the seeds, which are four, ovate.

OFFICINALIS^ OFFICINAL.

Leaves sessile.

This well known plant has been long cultivated in Jamaica, but does not thrive so
well as some other European plants, though sufficiently to supply enough for common
»ses. It has a fragrant smell, and a warm puugent bitterish taste, and considered 3
<rood ingredient in discutient baths.

Rosemary, Wild — See Wild Rosemary.
Rosewood — See Candle-Wood.

I

No English Name. ROTTBOELLJA ,

Cu 3, OH; 1. — Polygamia monoecia. Nat. or. — Gramina.

G§m

HURT US JAMA I€ EN SIS. Rue

(• '■' ■ .1 -". -Racbis jointed, roundish, filiform; calyx ovate-lanceolate, flat, one
or two-valved ; florets alternate, on a flexuose.rachis. Swartg found one speoies
oJ this grass in Jamaica.

EXALTATA. EXALTED.

Spike round, filiform, fioscular everyway ; glumes ovate, blunt; sheaths dotted
and hirsute.

Culm from two to six feet high, upright, sub-divided, striated, semi-cylindrical,
; hed, branchlets upright ; leaves a foot long, broad-linear, spreading, eveu, car-
tilaginous- serrate at the edge ; sheaths two or three inches in length, striated, dotted,
hispid-hirsute, rough-haired at the mouth; hairiness thin, white, pungent. Spikes
solitaiy, t'.vo or three inches long, cylindrical, jointed, acuminate, even, green-;
florets sessile, alternate; rachis flexuose, with excavations for the florets, which form
a round spike. .The exterior fiowers are male, the interior hermaphrodite, within the
calycine gltue.es. Glume two-vaived, two-floweretf; outer valve ovate-acute,
pressed close to the spike ; inner arched, involving the hermaphrodite flower. Corolla
of the male flo.ver two-i'alved, valves .smaller, white,.; the nectary consists of two
truncate petals at the 'fease of the filaments. Anthers red, fertile, they- are often ba.r-
ren and then are ye'llow ; no pistil. Hermaphrodite withia the male, and not visible
I I that l;e removed : the corolla of the hermaphrodite is also two-vaked ; the

valves whitish and fugacious; anthers often barren; germ roundish; stigma villose.,
purple. Alter the male flower falls, the seed ripens within the rachis, and, when ripe5
forls off, the spike breaking. — 'Sw.

RU1 . RUTA.

Cl. 10, or. I. — Dccandria monogynia. Nat, ow.—Multisiliqutc.
il :. CHAR. — Calyx a live-parted perianth ; corolla five concave petals ; stamens ten
awl-shaped filaments; anthers erect ; pistil a gibbous germ crossed, surrounded
by honey dots ; style erect; stigma simple ; receptacle surrounded by ten honey
dots; the pericarp a gibbous fivc-lobed capsule; seeds very many, rugged.

GRAYEOI.F.NS.

Leaves super-decompound ; leaflets oblong, the end one ob-ovate ; petals quite
entire.

The common or garden rue has been cultivated in Jamaica, with success, for more
than a century past ; frequently rising to the height of live or six feet. The lobes' of
the leaves are wedge-shaped, of a grey colour, ajad strong odour. The flowers are
produced at the ends of the branches, in the form almost of umbels, they are composed
of four yellowish petaLs, cut cm their edges, and only eight stamens, the centre flower
of the umbel having generally live petals and ten stamen-.

Rue has a strong ungrateful smell, and a bitterish penetrating taste: the leaves,
when full of vigour, are extremely acid, insomuch as to inflame and blister the skin,
if much handled. With regard to their medicinal virtues, they are powerfully stimu-
lating, attenuating, and detergent ; audience, in cold phlegmatic habits, they quicken

the

running HORTUSJAMAICENSIS. 12!>

the circulation, dissolve tenacious juices, open obstructions of the excretory glands,
arid promote the fluid secretions. The writers on the Materia Medica in general have
entertained a very high opinion of the virtues of this plant. Boerhaave is full of its
praises; particularly of the essential oil, and the distilled water cohobated or re-dis-
tilled several times from fresh parcels of the herb'. After extravagantly commending
other waters prepared in this manner, he alls, with regard to that of rue, that the
greatest commendations he can bestow upon it fall short of its merit : " What medi-
cine (says he) can he more efficacious for promoting sweat and perspiration, for the
cure of the hysteric passion and of epilepsies, and for expelling poison ?" Whatever
service rue ma he of in the two last cases, it undoubtedly lias its use in the others '.
the cohobated wafer, however, is not the most efficacious preparation of it. An extract
made of rectified spirit contains in a small compass the whole virtues of the rue ; this
menstruum taking up by infusion all the pungency and flavour of the plant, and ele-
vating nothing in distillation. With water, its peculiar flavour and warmth arise; the
bitterness, and a considerable share of the pungency, remaining behind.

" Rue is of excellent use for all illnes-es of the stomach that proceed from cold or
moist humours ; a great digester and restorer of appetite ; dispels wind, helps perspi-
ration, drives out ill humours, useful in pestilent or contagious airs. The only ill lies
in too frequent use, which impairs the natural heat of the stomach, by the greater heat
of an herl) very hot and dry; and therefore the juice made up with sugar into small
pills, and swallowed only two or three at nights or mornings, and only where there is
occasion, is the most innocent way of using it." — Sir W. Temple on Health and Long
Lije.

RUNNING GRASS. PASPALUM.

Cl. 3, or. 2. — Triandria digynia. Nat. or. — Graminte.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-flowered two-valved glume, membranaceous; valves
equal, orbicular, plano-concave; inner flatter, placed outwardly; corolla two-
valved, the size of the calyx ; valves roundish, cartilaginous, outwardly convex,
inflex at the base ; stamens three capillary filaments, the length of the glume, with
ovate anthers ; the pistil has a roundish germ ; two capillary styles, the length of
the flower; stigmas pencil-form, hair)-, coloured; there is no pericarp; glumes
permanent, closed, growing to the seed, which is single, roundish, compressed,
convex on one side. Seven species of this genus have been found in Jamaica.

1. B1CORNE. TWO-HORNED.

Gramen dactylon bicorne repens, foliis lat is brevibus. Sloane, v. I,
p. 11 2. Bicorne repens spieis tenuioribus el longioribus. Browne,
p. 136.

Spikes two, almost erect, one of them sessile; florets oblong, smooth ; culm
ascending.

The mountain running grass is the most common sort of grass in the midland moun-
tains, and grows frequently in the lowlands. It is a little sourish, and not liked by any
sort of brutes when green, but, when cut and well cured, it makes excellent hay, and
Vol. II. R agrees

130 I1QRTUS JAMAICENSIS.- funning

agrees extremely well with all labouring and stabled cattle. This discovery is owing to
Mr. Waller), who had frequently tried the expeiiment before I left Jamaica, and has-
always found it answer beyond his expectations. He is a gentleman of a very happy
turn of thought, and a great promoter of every sort of curious-and useful industry. —
Browne.

2. DISTiCHUM. TWO-SPIKED;

Gramen dactylon bicorne spiels purpura scent ibus inajus. Sloane, v.
1, p. 112, t. 65, f. 3.

Spikes two, almost erect, one of them sessile ; florets oblong, smooth ; culm
ascending.

Culm simple, decumbent towards the root ; leaves lanceolate-acute, flat, short ;
sheaths striated, hairy at the base. Spikes almost four-cornered, one shortly pedicelled ;
rachis fiat, even; florets approximating, alternate, sub- sessile, ovate, acute. Glumes
both of the calyx and corolla equal, ovate, striated ; filaments longer ; anthers very
dark blue; stigmas penciled blue. — Su\ This has a crooked repent stem, the flower
stalk fourteen inches high, with purple blackish stamens. It grows in holes and places
where water has stood in the savannas. — S!oune.

3. VIRGATUM. ROD-LIKE.

Gramen dactylon majus, pannicula longa, spick phtrimis nudis crassis.
Sloane, v. 1, p. 112, t. 69, f. 2.

Spikelcts panicled alternate, villose at the base ; flowers in pairs.
The root is thickly fibrose and perennial, and throws up several annual erect stems,.
of about four feet high, and thicker than a quill at the base, round, glossy, and in part
covered by the sheaths of the leaves, which are seated at the joints of the stems, and
axe smooth on both sides, and hispid in a retroverted direction on the borders, they are
about two and a half feet long, with a sheath almost a foot long, and about an inch wide.
The spikes are alternate at the top of the stem, very spreading, shortlj- foot-stalked,
hairy at their origin, and about four inches long, in number uncertain, from four to
twelve. The shaft or mid-rib of the spike is flat, membranaceous, and smooth, green.
The flowers are obversely- ovate ; very compressed, and marked on each side by a lon-
gitudinal nerve. The glumes of the calyx are villose at their tips on the borders, the
anthers are oblong, hastated and incumbent, and of a dingy yellow; the stigmas purp-
lish ; the seeds glossy and brownish. — Sw. This grows in savannas plentifully.

4. PANICULATUM. PANTCLED.

Gramen miliaceum, pamcula viridi, vel purpurea-, Sloane, v. I, p,
115, t. 72, f. 2.

Spikes- panicled, vei ticillate aggregate.

This is an annual grass, with the panicle as it were in whorls, with very numerous,
linear, filiform, very" narrow spikelets, all directed one way ; the (lowers are digested
in a double row, a:id are sharpish. — Linneus. Culm a foot high, jointed; leaves nine
inches long, sheath rough ; panicle three incites long, purple or green. It grows, in
clayey moist grounds. Sloan-:.

5. VAGINATUM-

RtTWRE iior.TUS jamaicensis. m

5. VA6INATUM. SHEATHED.

Spikes two; spikeleis bifario.us, acuminate; culm branched; knee jointed;

joints sheathed.

This is a foot high ; roots numerous, filiform ; culm creeping, sheathed at the joint- ;
sheaths distich, compressed, wile, striated, smooth; leaves lanceolate-linear, acme,
spreading, hairy at the nee k of the sheath ; spikes spreading, an inch long, pedicelied ;
rachis linear, sub-fiexuose; spikelets ovate, plarto-corivex, on very short pedicels. —
Calycine glumes equal, ovate, acute, smooth : corolla scarcely smaller; anthers and
stigmas purple. It is known by its branching culm, by its sheaths and spikeleis. —
Native of Jamaica, in pastures where the soil is clay. — Ar&.

6. DECUM.BENS. PROSTRATE.

Spike single, directed one way, peduncle; very long; spikelets alternate, or-
biculate-acuminate, smooth; culm procumbent.

This is a proenmbent grass scarcely a foot in length : culm branched, divaricating,
round, smooth ; leaves widish, lanceolate, pubescent on both sides, with the edge sub-
ctliate; sheaths ;he length of the leaves, even, villose at the neck. Peduncles from
the sheaths, solitary, from four to six inches long, loose, one-spiked ; spikes nodding,
an inch long; spikelets directed one way, on short pedicels; rachis membranaceous,
linear, flat; calycine glumes ovate, smooth; corolline very like them; anthers pale,
stigmas long, pencilled. This (Infers from its congeners, in its divaricating diffused
culm, and solitary axillary spike, on a long pedicel. Native of Jamaica cm the western
side of the island, on the mountains, in a dry sandy soil. — Sw,

7. FH.iror.ME. FILIFORM.

Spike mostly solitary, linear-one -rowed ; spikelets alternate, ovate-compressed^
culm and leaves filiform.
Culm erect, simple, with blackish joints ; leaves half round. — Sw+

RUPTURE-WORT, HAIRY. ILLECEBRUM.

Cl. 5, or. 1. — Pentandria monogynia. Nat. or. — lloioracea.

Gen. char — Calyx a five-leaved perianth, cartilaginous, five-cornered; with co-
loured leaflets, which are sharp, with distant points, permanent; corolla none;
stamens five capillary filaments, within the calyx, with simple anthers ; the pistil
has an ovate germ, snarp, ending in a short bifid style; stigma simple, obtuse;
pericarp a roundish capsule, acuminate, both ways five-valved, one-celled, co-
vered by the calyx ; seed single, roundish, sharp on both sides, very large. Two
species are natives of Jamaica.

1. POLYGONOIDES. POLYGONUM-I.IKE.

Amaranthoides humile currassavicum foliis polygoni. Sloane, v. I,

p. 141, t. 86, f. 2. Hirsuta repens adnodos altemos florida, foliis

ovatis, petiolis marginatis semi-arnplexantibus, Jioribus confertis

sessilibus. Browne, p. 184.

>i R 2 Stems

132 HORTUS JAMAICENSTS. . rushes

Stems creeping, rough-haired; leaves broad-lanceoiate, petioled ; heads or-
biculate, naked.
Stem round, reddish, hairy all over, dichotomou^, creeping over the earth, in tufts,
for some feet ; almost every joint sending fortli roots. Leaves opposite, quite entire,
even, hairy underneath, smooth above, veined, acute, ending at the base in petioles
the length of the leaf, and somewhat hairy. Flowers axillary, white, and under them
a three-leaved braete shorter than the flower ; filaments simple, shorter than the co-
rolla ; germ compressed. Tins plant is found creeping in all the savannas about King-
ston and Spanish Town.

2. VERMICULATU.J. WORM.

jimaranthoides humile currassavicitm Jbliis crpece lucidis, capiiulis'
albis. Sloane, v. 1, p. 141. Nepens rufescens, foliis linearibus
crassiusculis, capitulis alaribus. Browne, p. 184.

Stems creeping, smooth ; leaves sub-cylindric, fleshy ; heads oblong, smooth,
terminating.
From the root is scattered on every hand a great many trailing branches, about a foot
long, round, red, jeinted, smooth, small, and having branches set opposite to one
another at every joint. Leaves almost round, green, one-third of an inch long, oppo-
site. At the ends of the branches come the flowers, being set in a head close together,
each of them being iong, tubulous, yellow within, and white above. It grew near the
sea side. Piso says it has somewhat the qualities of samphire, the short branches and
leaves, a little boiled, and covered with vinegar, being eaten as a pickle, he says, open
obstructions, and excites the appetite. — Sloane. Browne calls it the creeping gom-
pJirena, common about Rock River, and spreading a great way among the grass, root-
ing.at every joint; the whole having a reddish brown cast, and something like purs-
lane.* Swartz also places this plant among the gomphrenas, on account of its having
commonly two styles, a two or three-leaved calyx, with a nectary and lanugo between
the calyx and corolla.

RUSHES. SCIRPUS.

Cl. 3, or. 1. — Triandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Calamaria.
Gen. char. — Calyx — spike imbricate all round ; scales ovate, from fiat, bent in, dis-
tinguishing the fiawers ; no corolla; stamens three filaments, finally becoming
longer, widi oblong anthers ; the pistil has a very small germ ; a filiform long
style; three capillary stigmas; no pericarp; seed one, three-sided, acuminate,
surrounded with villose hairs, shorter than the calyx, or without any. Seven
species have been discovered in Jamaica.

With a single spike.

1. M UTAH'S. CIIAXGFD.

Cuhno triquetro nudo, spica stricta vblonga, terminali. Browne, p.
i-26. S. 4.

Culm three-sided, naked; spike cylindrical, terminating.

The

rushes IIORTUS JAM A K3 EN SIB. 139

The aphyllous scirpus, with a triangular stalk, is frequent in all the sending shallow
waters in Jamaica, especially to the east and west of" Kingston ; the stalks are almost
hollow, and partitioned by frequent transverse septse. — Browne. It resembles the
following species \ery much, but the culm is three-sided, softish, and not geniculated.

Linneus.

2. GF.NICULATUS. KXFF.-.TOINTFD.

Juncus aquaticus geniculates > capitulis equiseti, major. Sloanc, v.
1, p. 121, t. 81, f. 3, and t. 7 5, f. 2. Major rotundus, panicula
terminali, spicillis compressis pedv.ncidis tenuioribus et longioribus
incidentibus. Browne, p. 127. S. 5.

Culm round, naked; spike oblong, terminating.

Culms five or six, from two to three feet high, of a fine shining green colour, hollow,
with many transverse membranes; geniculated, with no pith. Head oblong, scalv,
white. It varies in size, and is found in holes of the lowlands where water has stood.
— Sloane. Browne calls it the flat panicled bull-rush, and says it is very like the c< >i ti-
mon bull- rush.

3. CAPITATTJS. HEADED.

Culmo rotundo nudo ; spica stricla oblonga terminali. Browne, p.
126. S. 3.

Culm round, naked, bristle-form ; spike sub-globular, terminating.

Browne calls this the ap/ijjllous round-shanked scirpus, which, with the first spe; tes,
ii ta be found in all shallow standing waters.

With round culms and several spikes,

4. LACUSTRIS. LAKE.

Juncus Iteiis. Sloane, v. 1, p. 122. Major rotundus, panicula ter-
minali, spicillis compressis pedunculis tenuioribus et longioribus in-
cidentibus. Browne, p. 127.

Culm round, naked; panicle cymed, decompounded, terminating; spikelets
ovate.

"Roots creeping under water horizontally, thick, and strong : stems straight, four or
five feet, or much more, in height, naked, round, smooth, dark green, verv spongy,
and full of watery juice within, with several alternate sheathing scales at the base. —
Panicle decompounded, in a cyme-like form; its branches are very unequal, com-
pressed, and fringed towards their extremities : bractes two exterior, lanceolate, acute,
sheathing, commonly shorter than the pa-.ide, and many interior ones, which are
smaller ; spikes clustered (generally two or three together), ovate, brown, with a shin-
ing rusty tinge; glumes concave, keeled, pointed, fringed, sometimes cloven, but
with a serrated point in the cleft; stamens not very long ; stigma three-cleft ; seed flat
on one side, convex on the other, with five or six short rough bristles at its base.— *
Smith. This grows commonly about the Ferry, and about the banks of rivers, as well
as in lagoons. It is used in England as well as in Jamaica for making bottoms to chairs,
2nd for thatching cottages, being of a soft pliant nature, and destitute of the roughness
or cutting edges of many grass-like plants. In hard seasons cattle will eat it.

5. AUTU.MSAI.IS;

134 II O 11 T U S 3 A M A T C E N S I S. . RTfeHls

5. AUTUMN A LIS.

Culm ancipital, naked ; umbel decompounded ; spikelets ovate.

Leaves radical, grassy, loose, somewhat ragged, often the length of the culms,
vrh are a hand high, compressed, keeled a little on one side. Involucre terminating,
tu >. k ivecl, like t e leaver, comjiionly longer than the umbel ; which is spreading and
un qua). The ; ve generally three spikes. Scales ovate, ferruginous^

with a green keel, scarcely nmcronate.— Linntxis.

■.Culm three-sidtd , panicle naked.

■■ 6. FERRUGINEUSJ IRON.

Gramen cyperoides majus, spicis ex oblango rotundis, compact is fer-
-rugineis. Sloane, -v. 1, p. lis, t. 77, f. 2.

Culm three-sided, almost naked ; involucres length of the panicle and cilia; e.

" This species varies remarkably from a span to two feet in height ; and is easily dis-
tinguished by its unequal ciliate involucre. It grows both in dry and wet situations.

7. SPABICEUS. SPADIX.

i Gramen cyperoides majus aquaticum, panicidis plurimis junceis
sparsis, spicis ex oblongo rotundis spadiceis. Sloane, v. 1, p. 118,
t. 70, f. 2.

Culm three-sided, naked ; umbel almost naked ; spikes oblong, sessile, and
terminating.

Culms two feet high, erect, slender, striated, smooth, convex on one side, flatfish
on the other, with the angles rugged backwards ; leaves narrow, smooth, shorter than
the culm; umbel terminating, compound: universal one with eight or nine unequal
rays, an inch longer or shorter. Universal involucre three or four-leaved, with a leaflet
equal to the longer rays, the rest an inch in length, or less, rugged as before, and
channelled ; the two opposite exterior ones larger, brown at the base ; partial involucre
two or three-leaved. Spikes three on each ray of the partial umbel, oblong, finally
cylindrical, sharpish, imbricate, brown, and shining; the middle one sessile; scales
oblong, blunt, convex, concave, keeled at the tip ; the keel running out into an ob-
scure point, — Vahl.

SABACA.

SAGE. flORTUS JAXWfelCENSIS. J$|

Sabaca.— See Avocado Pear.

Saffron, Bastard— See Bastard Saffron.

SAGE. SALVIA.

Cl. 2, OR. 1. — Diandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Verticillata.

This generic name is derived from the Latin word solvere, on account of its healing
qualities.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed tubular perianth, with a two-lipped mouth ; corolla
one-petaled, unequal; slamens two filaments, very short, fastened" transversely
to a pedicel; the pistil has a four- cleft germ, a filiform style, and bifid stigma; there
is no pericarp ; calyx slightly converging, having the seeds in its bottom, which
are four, and roundish. Two species are indigenousta Jamaica, and the officinalis,
or garden sage, has been introduced.

1. OFFICINALIS. officinal.

Leaves lanceolate-ovate, crenulate; whorls few-flowered ; calyxes mucronate.

The common garden sage is a branching shrub, about two feet in height, and, since
its introduction, has thriven well in Jamaica.

Sage has a strong fragrant smell, and a warm bitterish aromatic taste; formerly in
great repute, but at present considered of but little importance. Van Swieten found.
it efficacious in stopping night sweats infused in wine or spirit, and a strong infusion
in water has been found equally successful. Van Sivieten also found it projRjr for re-
straining the flow of milk in the breasts of women, after they had weaned their children.
/ -It proves of service in debility of stomach, and has a power of resisting putrefaction,
having considerable antiseptic virtues. It is used in sauce for strong meats.

2. OCCIDENTALS. WESTERN.

Spicata repens, melissa minor i folio, floribus fasciculatis alternis. —
Browne, p. 117.

Leaves ovate-serrate ; spikes loose; bractes cordate, sub-triflorous.

Root fibrous, annual ; stem ascending, branched, a foot high, diffused, knotty,
even ; leaves shortly acuminate, hispid above, smooth beneath ; petioles four-cor-
nered, red, pubescent; bractes opposite, alternate, awned ; within them two or three
small blue flowers. Calyx angular, striated, covered with glandular hairs; style the
length of the upper lip ; seeds two, one of which onl}' ripens, and that is ovate, com-
pressed, and black. It differs from the other species in loose spikes and remote flowers.
Sw. Browne calls it the creeping sweet-scented sage, which he says is found creeping
under every hedge and bush in the lowlands, running frequently the length of two or
three feet, always rooting at the lower joints; it has a faint smell of balm when first
pulled, and may be naturally substituted in the room of that plant, though it is not so
strong a cephalic.

3. TENELLA,

l*« HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. saltwort

3. TENEI.LA. TENDER.

Leaves cordate ; stem filiform, creeping.; spikes ascending.

This is vn herbaceous annual plant, with long, capillary, creeping, roots-; stem
decumbent, four or five inches long, the lower part creeping, sub-divided, ascending,
striated, pubescent; leaves small, petfoled, remote, tooth -serrate, nerved, pubescent.
Spiki s t . rtninating, riprij ht, > omposed of approximating three or four- flowered whorls ;
flowers pediceiied, s'iiali, bluie; I . ■ es ovate, very small, two, three, or four, under
the peduncjes. C'alysc gibbous underneath, three-toothed; upper segment shorter,
retuse, very minutelj three-toothed; the two anterior ones a little longer, blunt; all
hirsute; with glandular, hairs.; glands pellucid, azure. Lower lip of the corolla white
in the middle, oluc at uie edge ; the opening with blue lines; seeds two, naked, erect,
ovate, compressed, black. It is easily known by its habit and smallness, and flower*
all the year. Native of Jamaica, in gravelly and grassy parts of the highest moun-
tains.— Sw.

Sagr, Wild — See Wild Sage.
Sago — See Cabbage-Tree.
Salop — See Jamaica Salop.

SALT-WORT. SALICORNIA.

Cl. 1. — or. 1. — Monandriamonogi/nia. Nat. or. — lloloracea.

Gen. char. — Calyx four-cornered, truncate, ventricose, permanent ; no corolla ;
stamen one filament (or two), simple, longer than the calyx ; anther one, oblong,
twin, erect ; the pistil has an ovate-oblong germ ; style simple, under the stamen ;
stigma bifid ; there is no pericarp ; calyx ventricose, inflated ; seed single. Ons
species has been found in Jamaica.

herbacea. herbaceous.

jfphylla ramosa, ramis in spicas abenntibus longas annulatim areolatas.
Browne, p. 112.

Joints compressed, emarginate, internodes ob-ccnical ; spikes peduncled, at«
• tenuated towards the top.

"Root fibrous, small, annual, or biennial ; stem for the most part upright, sub-di-
vided at the base, branched at top ; branches opposite, simple, upright, very succu-
lent, leafless, jointed; joints flatted, widening at the end, emarginate: spikes oppo-
site, with one at the end larger than the rest, peduncled, round, gradually attenuated
towards the top, sharpish, jointed: flowers opposite, near together, mostly three on
each side in the clefts of the joint — Smith. These plants are also called tnarsh sam-
phire and glass-wort, as from their ashes a fossil alkali is obtained, in great request for
making soap and glass. Browne says this plant is found in great abundance in the
Burrough in St. James's. It grows in the low salina near the sea, and seldom is above
eight or eleven inches above the ground ; it has but one stamen to every style. The
whole plant abounds with a neutro-muriatic salt.

K0

UtttiftJMB HO a l-VJ - - ". ;: . . : ..; . &

&t English Nam. : ^MARA.

C.L. 4, or. \.—~Tetnuidrit; monogyma. Nat. Oil — Rhxmni.
Gew char. — Calyx a very small perianth, four-parted, acute, permanent; corolla
four^ovate sessile petals, with 'a longitudinal pit at the base; stamens four «i.wi-
shaped filaments, itemersed in the pit, long; anthers oblong; the pistil has art
ovate germ,, style longer, stigma funnel-form ; pericarp a roundish tine-seeded
drupe ; seed -solitary. One species was found in Jamaica by Swartz-.

CORIACF.A. CORIACEOUS.

v Flowers sessile, conglomerate; leaves lanceolate-ovate, acute, sub- coriaceous.
This is a tree with a trunk from twenty to thirty feet in heightb, and upright branches;
branchlets alternate, sometimes four-cornered, even; leaves alternate, scattered,
quite entire, somewhat rigid, nerved and veined, very smooth, membranaceous, dark
green, on short petioles. Flowers lateral and axillary, small, whitish, balls of flowers
scattered, approximating ; calyx four leaved, or four-parted at the base ; leaflets ovate,
acute, keeled, scarcely half a line in length, a little connate at bottom; petals four,
slightly connected at the base, oblorg, sharpish, spreading, three times as long as the
caivx ; filaments very short, inserted into the base of the petals ; anthers i.blong,
spreading, pressed close to the segments of the corolla, biggish; germ superior, glo-
bular, style very short, stigma large, ovate : Berry ? globular, the size of a pepper-
corn, one-celled. Some of the trees of this species have male flowers only. Native
of Jamaica, in the southern parts, in woods on the mountains. — Sw. '

SAMPHIRE OF JAMAICA. EATIS.

Cl. 22, or. 4. — Dioecia tetrandria. NaT. or. —
Gen. thar.— -Male calyx a pyramidal anient, scales one-flowered, fourfold, rnabri-
cate ; no corolla; stamens four filaments, erect, longer than the scales of the
ament ; anthers oblong, twin, incumbent. Female on a seperate plant — calyx a
common fleshy ament, containing some floscules, conglobated into an ovate qua-
drangular body ; involucre two-leaved ; no corolla ; the pistil has a quadrangular
germ, fastened to the ament; no style; stigma two-lobed, obtuse, villose ; the
pericarp, a berry conjoined with the rest, one celled ; seeds four, triangular,
acuminate. There is only one species, a native of Jamaica.

MAR1T1MA. MARITIME.

Kali fr ut i co sum, coniferum, fiore albo. Sloane, V.I, p. 144,
Maritima erecta, ramosa ; foliolis succulentis, sub-cj/lindri~
cis. Browne, p. 356.

This is a shrub, four feet high, or less, with brittle, ronnd, ash-coloured, stems,
much branched, diffused, procumbent ; young branches four-cornered, four-furrowed,
green, opposite, and upright. Leaves oblong, thicker above, acute, gradually draw-
ing to a point towards the base, fleshy, succulent, flat above, convex beneath, sessile,
opposite, scarcely an inch long, numerous. Stigmas white, flowers yellow, or green-
YoJ-. II. a S ish

v>§* Tortus jamaicensis." savdbcx

ish yellow. The whole plant is very salt to the taste, ami is buvneJ for barilla at Car-
thagenas ItisverycomnTononallthesaltmarsb.es on the south side of Jamaica. It
would be very useful in the manufacture of soap and glass, were such things attended
to id this island, as well as the salt-wort before described, the sea-side purslane, am:.
many other plants.

SA^TD-BOX TREE. HURA:

Cl. 21, or. 8. — Monoecia monodelphia. Nat. or. — Tricocca.

Gfv. char — Male calyx — Ament from the divarication of the branches, oblong-,
('looping, covered with sessile spreading florets, scales oblong; perianth within
each scale of the ament, cylindric, two-leaved, truncate^ very short ; coroife
none ; stamen a cylindric fiia'.ient, a little longer than the calyx, peltate at the
tip, rigid, below the tip twice or thrice verticilled with tubercles ; anthers two,
immersed in each tubercle, oval, bifid. Female flower in the same plant — Calyx
— perianth one-leafed, cylindric, furrowed, truncate, quite entire, closely sur-
rounding the germ • corolla none ; the pistil has a roundish germ within the calyx ;
a cylindric long style; stigma large, funnel-shaped, plano-convex, coloured,
twelve-cleft, blunt, equal; pericarp woody, orbiruiate or globular-flatted, torose,
with twelve furrows, twelve-celled J cells dissilieirt, crescent-shaped, with an
elastic dagger point at the end; seeds solitary, compressed, sub-orbjeulate, large.
There is only one species, which is a native of Jamaica;

CREPITANS. CRACKl.IXC

Baru.ce fructus c pluribus nucibus avian's. Sloane, v. 2, p. IU6. — .
Arboreu'm, rgmulis irregulariter tervatis, foliis cordato crenatis
rr,'[eris, petiolis bighmdiilis. Browne, g. 351.
This vise-, from a spreading root with a soft woody st^tUY. to the height of thirty or
forty feet, dividing into many branches,', which abound with a milky juice, and have
scars on their back where the leaves have fallen off. The leaves are sometimes eleven
inches long and nine inches broad, heart-shaped, of a beautiful green, indented on
their edges, having a prominent mid-rib, with several transverse veins, which are al-
ternate; they are upon long footstalks. The male flowers come out from, between the
leaves, upon foot-stalks three inches long, and are formed into a close spike or column,
1\ ing over each oihei; like the scales of fish.: the female flowers are situate at a distance
from them, and have a long funnel-shaped tube spreading at the top, where it is cut
into twelve or thirteen reflected parts. After the flower the germ swellsj and becomes
a round compressed ligneous .capsule, having twelve or thirteen deep furrows, each
being a distinct cell,, containing one large, round, compressed, seed. When these
pods are ripe, they burst with violence, and throw out their seeds to a considerable
;;:.• ince.

The formation and parts of this tree agree so well, in general, with those of the
manchioneal, that I was induced to look upon them as two distinct species of the same
genus. The branches are divided alike in both, and the leaves, which stand in the
win© manner, reflecting a little backwards,from the direction of the-footstalks, are Bjs-

posed

<fcl#ni KORTUS JAMAI-CEXSflS . i-/>

posed pretty thick -at the extremities of the branches, -and sustained by footstalks, that
' , l is, one gland each ; in that, two. This is full of transparent juice, that of
■ ilk, I; >th acrid ; an'tl the flowers, notwithstandingjthey differ in some degree ; agree
in ' ■ tion of the style and stigma, as well as in the. disposition of the -anthera?,

t lough the number of these be not the same in both. In this the fruit is regularly
divided into celis ; in that, whose nut or shell is harder, these are not so regular; yet
they are longitudinal, adjoining, in a number proportioned to the divisions of the
stigma, and generatry both regular and many in the lounger germens; hut some of
r/iem abort as the iruit increase

The seeds, roasted, purge upwards and downwards. I have tasted one of them, and
it appeared, at first, to he both mild and pleasant; but it soon began to warm and
scald both my palate and throat, which induces me to look upon it as an improper pur-
gative; unless it be given/to raise a warmth in-ibe bowels, where they have lost most
of-their vigour by a continued flux or diarrhoea} and, even-then, I think the seeds of
■the argemone a much more eii m' ie medicine. — Broitine.

This tree is cultivated chiefly for ornament, and the fine shade it yield*. It loves &
"deep rich soil, and thrives best near water. It rises to the height of thirty-live or forty
feet, and expands its branches to such a liistance as sometimes to cast a shade of , sixty
feet diameter. But, by reason of the quickness of its vegfctation, its parts are of so
loose a texture, that a loud clap of thunder, or a sudden' gust of wind, frequentiy
causes the largest Boughs to snap asunder. Nor is its trunk of any use, except for fire-
wood. The colour of the wood is whitish ; its bark smooth and brown.

The fruit is flat and round, disposed regularly into cells, each inclosing a flat seed.
When the seeds arc taken eut, the shell, which is very firm, is converted into a box
for holding letter sand, whence the name. The seeds, roasted, purge upwards and
downwards with great violence : they contain an acrid juice, which scalds the mouth
-and throat, and are therefore very properly rejected from the materia medica. The
ieaves are often applied with great success to the head in fevers, to mitigate or remove
the pain and tension in that part. — Long.

A single seed, or one and a half, is recommended in dry belly-ache ; Hernandez
tlirects the seeds to be roasted. The vomiting occasioned by eating these nuts may be
checked by giving a strong decoction of columba root. Mr. A. Robinson says he ate a

•kernel of a fresh seed, and, in trie space of five or six minutes, he grew very sick, and
was purged and vomited with great violence. He says he had several times eat these
kernels before, without being in the least affected, but imagines the difference to have
arisen from the seeds he had before eaten being old and dry ; from which it would seem

•*Iiat they only operated when in a green state.

■SantaMaria Leaf — Sec Colt'sFo^t.

SANTA MARIA TREE. CALOPHYLLUM,

Cl. 13, OR. 1. — Polyandria monogynia. Nat. or. —
This-generic name is derived from two Greek words for a fine leaf.

S2 'GET.

HI HORTUS- JAMAICENS1S. santa

Gfk. char. — Calyx a two-leaved perianth, leaflets ovate, concave, 'coloured, deci-
duous; corolla four (two) oblwng, concave, spreading, petals ; stamens many fiii-
- "form short filaments, with erect oblong anthers; the pistil has a roundish germ, a
filiform style, the length of the stamens ; stigma headed, obtuse ; pericarp a glo-
bular drupe; the seed globular, sub-acuminate, very large. Oue species is a
rv.'Uve of Jamaica.

CALABA.

Mdlipersica mameyte dicta-, folio lovgiore, arbor mszima, cortice^
sulcata, cinereo, awaro. Sloane, v. 2, p. 124. slltissimct, /oliis.
oblongis, riitidis$imis} he-rvosis. Browne, p. 372.

Leaves ovate, obtuse.

This is a lofty and beautiful tree, growing frequently to the height of ninety or one
"nihdied feet. The stem is then about two feet in diameter, very straight, and without
any foliage, until near the summit, where it throws forth a beautiful and regular pyra-
midal foliage. The branches are blunt,, emarginate, firm, on short petioles. The
leaves ovate-oblong. Flowers on axillary simple racemes, whitish, and smelling sweet.
Fruit greenish, pulpy, involving a hard smooth ash-coloured nut. Many of the corollas
have only two petals, and the calyxes two leaves, crossing each other, and having the
appearance of a four-leaved corolla. Some of the corollas have four and even five
"petals.

The wood of the santa maria makes good boards for inside work, but they shrink and
swell much with the variations of the weather; it has also been found to make good
shingles and staves for ruin puncheons, as it splits freely and works easily. From many
experiments lately made, the stives made from this tree, and formed into puncheons,,
have been found to contain rum for a length of time ; but it is recommended to char
the^puncheons well inside. Sloane notices that this wood was used for the purpose of
making staves, in his time, and Dampier relates that the trees were used for masts to
ships. It has been observed that near the sea-beech the wood is very apt to be des-
troyed by wood-ants or worms, which is not the case in the mountains in the interior.
There are thought to be two sorts of it, the one with a whiter bark than the other, but
this may be owing tc a difference in age or scil. In the Jamaica Gazette of August 23,
J 766, is inserted an account of the Musquito Shore, dated from Great Blue lliver-
June 2-3, 1766, from which the following is extracted

" The santa maria trees grow here, they are very high, straight, and large. The
wood is remarkably hard, and for a considerable time impenetrable to the worm, and. I
am told by a gentleman of veracity, who had planked a vessel's bottom with .this wood,
that the vessel had afterwards, off the west-end of Bonaco, some severe blows on a
rock, but was soon got off: that this timber was ot so good a quality as not to split or
crack, bfut the plank seemed much bruised, and to have deep impressions on it by the
blows received. It is said, when drv, to be rather lighter than the mahogany manu-
factured here. Another good quality ascribed to the santa maria is, that an iron nail
will never rust in the wood, of which there grows a sufficient quantity to supplv the
British navy with, mere durable plank than oak, or that of any other hitherto in use with
Europeans."

Bastard mamee or santa maria trees are very tall, and very straight, growing to fifty
cr sixty^ some to oigtitv, feet high j they are very tough, and therefore made use of

for

RMS^PARifcUr HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. i4i

for masts of ships, being preferable to any fir trees. I had once a green balsam pre-
sented to me, brought from the Spaniards, of a very fine green, clear, and pleasant
smell, which they said was the finest balsam in the world for green wounds, but could
not tell me from what tree it came. Some time after, a negro brought me of the same
sort of balsam, both ■in cobur and smell, which he got from one ol these tr»«s, and I
found it to be an excellent balsam ; for, melt it and pour it into a green or fresh incised
wound, and it would heal up in once or twice dressing. This balsam the Spaniards,
while it is new and fr-esjh, put into the hollow joints of trumpet-wood, calling it the
admirable preen balsam, but conceal its name, and the tree it comes from ; yet it is for
some extraordinary use that they call this tree Santa Maria, which makes me think it.
is for its baUam. — Bar ham, p. 18.

SaNTuI.WA SVfllAl.BERT-WF.ED-.

Sapota — See Mammee-Sapota.
Sappadilla — See Nasf,berry.

SARSAPARILLA. SMILAX.

Cl."22, or. 6. — Dioecia hexandria. NaT. OR. — Sarmeniaccf.-
&a». char. — See Ciuna^Root, p. ISO.

sarsaparilla. •
Stem prickly, angular; leaves unarmed, ovate, retuse-mucronate, three-
nerved.

This has the root perennial, branchy, externally brown, internally white; stems of
the thickness of a man's finger; they are jointed, triangular, and beset with crooked
spines The leaves are alternate, smooth, and shining on the upper side; on the
other side are three nerves or costs', with sundry small crooked spines. The flower 1;
yellow mixed with red. The fruit isa black berry, containing several brown seeds.
* Sarsaparilia delights in low moist grounds and near the banks of rivers. In such
places it thrives well in Jamaica. The roots run superficially under the surface of the
ground. 7'h- gatherers have only to loosen the soil a little, and to draw out the long
fibres with a veooden hook. In this manner they proceed till the whole root is got out,
It is then cleared of the mud, dried, and made into bundles.

The sensible qualities of sarsaparilia are mucilaginous and farinaceous, with a slight
degree of acrimony. The latter, however, is so slight as not to be perceived by many ;
and I-am apt to believe its medicinal powers may fairly be ascribed to its demulcent and
farinaceous qualities, u.

Since the publication of Sir William Fordvce's paper on sarsaparilia in the Medical
Observations and Enquiries, vol. I. sarsaparilia has been in more general use than for-
merly. The planters in Jamaica supply their estates with great quanties of it ; and its
exhibition has been attended with very happy consequences in the yaws and in venerea!
affections; as nodes, typhi, and exostosis, pains of the bones, and carious or cancer-
ous ulcers.

Sir William Fordyce seems to think sarsaparilia a, specific in all stages of lues ; but,
from an attentive and careful observation, of its effects in some thousands of cases, I

must.

1%; ii out us j .v'iaiceksis. ngKtamMk

^niist rfeclare I coiild place no dependence on sarsarfnrilla But if mercury bad

|ormerly been tried, or was used akmg wi v soon effected ---

Where the patients had been i din 1 -by pain, ia

o'ecpctiohof sarsaparilla, and a/table si i I ' adayj

with the greatest success', i:i the raost dep ■ i ' u< , ill-cured yaws, and
carious or ilirdisposfid sores or cancers. — Wrigh '.

This plant is- commonly known bytb'isn an l!a; but >me call it Smihi'x, it

^Jjeingjihougbt to be.of the species- of' the~Chvna rog*. The stalk is long, serpentine*
-{',. - I prickly, ctimbi .. a"vhre or com ■ tree or shrub it is

• near; the flowers are white, I produce a. berry, ound . • aH cherries,

^reen at first, an.l, as thej ripen, turn a little, i i, all ripeare black,

containing one or two stoney seeds, of .1 . , 1 - . rig a white kernel. Al-

though this plant grows in great plenty in B azi£ ; nd >i 1 :r p; 1 ts oi America, yet it is

. not much taken notice of by the native Indians, the«se of . ■ been found out

and improved by the expert physicians of Portugal and Spain. 1 here are two species
of it; the stalks are alike, but • 1 esyandsl te leaf. The best is

that ofH : duras, which hath a stalk, whose outside is very ] ri< . creeping on the
hanks in shady woooy places ; the leaves are cor-dated, and 1 . rent length and

breadth, of a fresh green on the upper side, the under si ptdc, growing single

on the staUks, alternativejy, at from one another, having large ribs in

shape and mariner of maldbttthrum, or Indian leaf, at the footstalk -of' each leaf g* n
two small long tendrils cr clavicles, by whi< h it ho Ids fast to the plan^ it joins to. Th«
flower's grow in buncheSj and. are whitish; from thence follow the berries in bunches,
first green, then red, and at last black, round, or wrinkled and sh tted like dry
cherries, c. one or two .hard. stones, of a whitish yellow colour, with a hard

white!; hel, 1 £ a small almond. The root of- this plant is what is made -use >of, andj
it is long and-smooth, when -first-gathered, like a withe, without anj , having

a thin skin or bark ; bctweentii.it, and a small wire withe in the middle, lies a white
ineally substance when dry, which i- all that is < and of this ptisans or diet drinks

are made, to sweeten the blood, andforcwing-vetiereal diseases. The powder of the
root is given, from a drachm to two, to cause sweat, h is reckoned a great alkali, u*
correct all saline pungent salts in the llnids of the body, an J. by that means cures
venereal diseases, helps rheumatism, catarrhs, gouts, and all diseases proceeding from
a superaboundmg saline acid in the blood and juices of the body. — BarAam, p. 166.

To be good, sarsaparilla must be very dry, its filaments Ion;;, easy to cleave; and in
cleaving they must not yield any dust : when boiled in water, it must givedt a re :disl<
tincture. The method of preparing it by the Spaniards and Indians of South America
is as follows : They macerate an ounce of the root in almost four pint.; oi water for
twenty-four hours, and boil it away to one half They give of the expressed decoction
half a pint twice a day, four hours before their meals, in bed, covered with clothes*
where they sweat two hours, mixing a sufficient quantity of the fine powder of the roet
j0ritb each dose of the decoction. They purge every tenth day.

*A»XEIQN.

a

^ATWtion HORTUS JAM A I C EN S IS! V*T

SATYRION SATYRJUM

Cl. 20, or. 2. — Gynqndria diandria. Nat. or. — Orchideu.

Gen. Char. — Calyx wandering spathes ; spadik simple ; no perianth: corolla fivo
ovate oblong- petals ; three exterior ; two into rior, converging upwards into a hel-
met ; nectary one-leafed, annexed to the receptacle by its loner side between the
division of the petals ; upper lip erect, very short; lower flat, pendulous, pro-
minent behind at the base in a s£rotiforffi b ig ,- stamens two filaments, very slen-.
tier and very short, placed on the pistil; anthers obovate, covered by the two-
celled fold of the upper lip of the rvectary-; the pistil has an oblong, twisted, in-
ferior, germ; style fastened to, the upper lip pf the nectary, very short-; stigma
compressed, obtuse; the pericarp isan oblong, one-celled capsale, three-keeled,
three-valved, opening in three parts under the keels, cohering at the top and
bottom; seeds numerous, very small, irregular like saw dust. Six species have
been found in Jamaica.

1. PLANTAfilNEtnri PLANTAIV.

OrchifeJatior latifolvi asphodcli radicc, spica strigosa, — Sloane, v. I. p. 2-0, t. 147",
i. 2.
Bulbs filiform, stem very smooth, leave*- ovate, petioled, sheathing; horn of
the nectary thickened; lip two-lobed, middle acuminate.
Roots filiform, lung, lomentose; stem a foot high, ascending, nearly erect, round,
leafy, verj smooth ; leaves sharp, entire, very smooth, nerved longitudinally, bright
green and shining ; sheaths surrounding the stem, cowled, nerved", netted, me* ;i-
aceous. Spike many-flowered, (fifty Jwjipright.j, flowers small, white; spathes ovate,
half-embracing, membranaceous, acute. It has the flower of an oriuis and the habit
of a satyrium. The horn is not testicurate, but elongated, qb-dvates; like abladii. r, and
free ; by Jacquin and others called the lower lip ; but the lip is certainly trifid, with tha
middle segment acuminate. .Native of moist woods in shady places. — Sw.

2. HIRTEIXUM.- ROUGH- HAIRED..

Bulbs filiform, stem hirsute, leaves ovate, three-nerved; petioled, sheathing .
nectary horned, lip three-lobed. — Spi.

3. ADNATUM. ADHERING.

Bulbs in bundles; root-leaves oblong, ou very long petioles, scape sheathed j,
nectary horned, adnate, lip bent down, two-lobed, emarginate. — Svr.

4. SPIRALS. SPIRAL,

Bfltbs in bundles, oblong ; leaves linear,- scape sheathed ; flowers spiraly dl-
rected one way ; lip three-lobed, middle iarger, crenulatev-

5. ORCHiOIDES. ORCHIS-LIKE.

Aphvllum scapo erecto, simplici subsquamosa spiedto — Browne- p
325. S. 7.

Bulbs in bundles, oblong; leaves broad laoceojate, sea
homed, lip lanceolate-acuminate.

i: . in. n '"" amaj-c v.:; -is. - ^av^,.^

Browne calls this the naked satyriu.m, which lie found at the Angel?, on the side of
the road i to tne Lieci-lfilli^ where it was in hfcssom arid about twelve or fourteen

inches Sigh, but without any leaves; the flowers ofa flesh colour, oblong, andsuccuient.

6. ELATU.M. ' LOFTY.

Erection, folds oblongis^' petwlis vagina/is ■■r,rpJrxanirjus, spies.
teivn'/iali, nectao qissimis. — Browne; p. V 21. S. 2.

TJJulbs in birh'dlesj thkrk, tomentose; ioL.i-lcavcs ovate petioied, stem -almost
nuked, nectary subtnlobute.

SAVANNA. FLOWER. TCHITES.

Ce. 5, OR. 1 — PcntanJria vionogynia. Nat. Oft. — Contorta:

'This tree is so named by Browne from the Greek word for viper, on account of its
^poisonous qualities.

Gen. Char. — Calyx a five-parted perianth, sharp, small ; corolla ene-petaled, fun-
nel form, border five-cleft, flat, spreading very much ; 'nectary of five glands
standing round the germ ; stamens Ave filaments, slender, erect, with stiff, ob-
long, acuminate, converging anthers ; the pistil has two genus ; style filiform, th •
length of the stamens ; stigma oblong-headed, two-lobed, attached by a gluten to
the anthers; pericarp two follicles, extremely long, one-celled, one-valved; seeds
very many, imbricate, crowned with long down. Six species are natives of Ja-
maica.

I. Sl'B-ERECTA. SOMEWHAT KRF.tT.

Jpocymim erectumfr\itic»sum,JloTe lutco maximo et speciossissimo. —
Sloane, v. !, p. 206, t. 1 50, f. 2. Neriutn 2. Sarrnentum foiiis
vi//'Jis ovatis venosis. pcdunculis longis ramosis, J/onbusfauce am-
pliutis. Browne, p. 180.

Peduncles racemed, leaves sub-ovate, obtuse, mucronate.
This is a shrubby plant, differing much from its congeners, abounding in milky juice,
land growing among the shrubs to ten feet in height, but in savannas only three or four,
and sometimes scarcely one; stems scarcely twining, climbing; leaves approaching
more or less to an ovate form, either smooth on both sides or scabrous at the back; the
peduncles support a few large handsome yellow flowers, hirsute on the outs'ide and
in the tube'; the Follicles are slender and brown. — Jacquin. The stalk is woody
and branched; leaves smooth, opposite, ©f a shining green on their upper sides,
but pale and veined underneath, standing on inch- long footstalks. The flowers
are produced at the axils of the leaves on the sides of the branches towards the
top, on long woody footstalks, at the ends of which are four or five buds, but
seldom more than one flower, the others withering ; they are large, of a bright
yellow, and make a tine appearance : the follicles, Sloane observes, are set like
bull's horns. It grows in most savannas in Jamaica, whence its name, and all parts
of it are of a very poisonous nature ; to which the antidote cocoon and Indian arrow-root
have been found to be antidotes. The juice is said to destroy maggots in sores at two
pressings.

This

•W. a -side TIGHT US J AM A I C EXSIS Ylfr

This tree is about fifteen feet high, lias a trunk as large as one's leg, asmoofh whitfe
bark, and leans towards the ground. Its leaves are two ini hes and a half long, and one
and three quarters over, from a broad round base, ending in a -nipt point, or serrated
about the edges, having several pretty high ribs on its under side, being soft, of a yel-
lowish green colour, and downy. At the tops of the branches cotne the flowers, stan !-
ing in a rough green calyx, they are white, out of the centre of which conies a long
st\ las or string, having a roundi >h hirsute button at the en I, which augments and be-
comes its fruit, and consists of tour or live round, small, brown siliquae, ropes, or ra-
ther round follicles, hairy, dark brown, coloured, very hard wreathed, or rolled spi-
ralis, one by -another, and containing a great quantity of round brown see I, which falls
out of the ends of the pods. It grows on the lied Hills every where, on the road to
Guanaboa. The leaves are used in decoctions for glysters, with oil and salt, as those
of inaliows. Tt has, in the juice of the root, great virtues in the empyema and sromach
diseases. The root applied outwardly in measles, whitlows, and other such diseases^
is very good. — Stome. Browne says it is frequent in gravelly hilis, and has much the
habit of the mallow tribe, from which it is distinguished by the spiral form and connec-
tion of its capsular seed-vessels, and the peculiarities of the parts of the flower. It
blossoms in March and April.

f ea-bean — Sec Cat-claw.

RF.A-niNPWEF.D — See Purging SEA-T.ixmvr.ED,

SEASiDE-BALSAM See WlI.D ROSEMARY.

Sea-side Beech — See Jamaica Bark.

SEA-SIDE or BASTARD GERMANDER. STEMODIA.

Cl. 14, or. 2. — Didijnamu aagiospermia. Nat. OR. — Personattv.
Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed, five-parted, erect, perianth, equal, permanent ;
corolla one-petalecl, irregular, tube the length of the calyx, border sub-bilabiate,
almost upright; upper lip ovate entire, lower three-parted, with the parts round-
ed and equal; stamens four almost equal filaments, length of the tube, all bifid ;
anthers eight, each placed on an arm of the filaments; the pistil has a bluntish
germ, a simple style ihe length of the stamens, stigma bluntish ; the pericarp is
an oblong capsule, ovate, two-celled, two-valved, partition contrary ; seeds nu-
merous, globular, receptacle sub-cyiindiical. One species is a native of Jamaica.

MARITIMA. MARITIME.

Scordium marilimuw; fruticosum, procumhens. /lore cerideo. Sloane,
v 1, p. 175, t 110, f. 2. Stemodiacra. — Maritima odorata ,- foliis
tuinoribus, sessilibus, denliculatis, hastalis ; floribus solitariis ala~
ribus. Browne, p. 261, t. 22, f. 2.

Leaves opposite, half embracing, flowers sessile, solitary.

Root long, round, with lateral horizontal fibres. Stem from one to three feet high,
erect, four-cornered, hirsute, sometimes in hedges near the sea-coast in a manner
scandent. Branches numerous, shorter, scattered, alternate, opposite, three or four
togetner, quadrangular, leafy, hirsute. Leavers small, sessile, ovate -lanceolate, ob-
Vol. II. U tuseB

154 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. sea-side

tuse, serrate, thickrsb, hirsute,' with smaller leaves in the axils of the larger. Flowers
few, axillary, among the terminating leaves, small, white, or blue ; border of the co-
rolla almost equal, four-cleft, upper segment a little wider, almost upright, spreading,
einarginate, the "two side ones and,the- lower segment equal, roundish, enure, con-
vex; capsule oblong acuminate, seeds roundish minute^ S&, This plant is very, com-
mon b> the sea side in. all the southern. parts of Jamaica, and has a pleasant aromatic
smell and bitterish. taste, and is probably an excellent stomachic and aperitive. This
leaves are pretty thick upon the branches, and slightly beset with down. — Browne.
Germander, or water germander, called scordium, hath a small fibrous root, and a
rough four-squa.re stalk, lying spreading on the ground, three or four feet long, send-
ing out leaves two and two of a side, opposite to one another, oolo:i«, and without any
foot -stalk, jagged about the edges, hoary, of a rank smell, an! somewhat clammy ;
the flowers are blue,; and foiir-leuved ; after which come black cornered s< eds. It is a
specific or counter-poiscvn against infectious, contagious, or epidemic distempers. It
is good against the strangury, and provokes the terms. Yon may take the juice, infu-
sion, decoction, or essence, which takes away the gnawing pains of the stomach, sid s,
or pit ura. Infused i.) restringent wine, it i> good against fluxes. The powder is given
from half a drachm to a drachm, in its distilled water or syrup, to facilitate labour j it
opens obstructions and kills worms — Barham p. 6't.

Sea~Side Grape — See Bay-Grape. _

SEA-SIDE LAUREL. XYLOPHYLLA.

Cl. 5, or. 3. — Triandria fri/ri/ira. Nat. on. — Tricocca,

Cl. £3, or. 1. — Polygamia iiwuaria.— Swartz.

This generic- name is derived from two Greek words, signifying wood and a leaf.

Gex. char — Calyx a five or six parted perianth ; no corolla; nectary six glands at
the base of the germ, or a rim surrounding the germ ; stamens five very short fila-
ments, (Gartner sa^s three to six) ; anthers shorter than the flower, biggish ; tne
pistil has a roundish germ ; three short styles-; stigmas jagged or bifid ; the peri-
carp is a roundish three-celled capsule ; seeds two in each cell. This genus, of
which four species are natives of Jamaica, differs from phyUaulhus only ln^ having
the flowers from the notches of the leaf.

1. LATIFOLIA. BROAD-LEAVED.

Lonchitidi affihis arbor anomala folio, alalo c pinnarum crniis frttcti-
Jero. Sloanc, v. I, p. CO. — Foliis latioribus, utrinque ocuminatit
apicim versus crenatis, ad.crenasjlvridis. Browne, p. 188

Leaves pinnate, broad- lanceolate, crepate, flowers peduncled, thrcc-stamenetl,
monoecious.

Stem shrubby, one or two feet high ; branches irregular, roun lish, compressed ;
leaves distich, alternate, scarcely petioled, erenate towards the end, smooth on hoih
tides, siifhsh. Flowers clustered, pcduncled, polygamous, hermaphrodite and i< -
male mixed ; females always terminating, longer, pedicel led ; calyx in hotli sorts si x-
puriud, coloured, pcrmaucuu Iruthe hermaphrodites six, very^ou fijameats, uith

couoduk

sea-side HO'TITU'S JAMAICENSPS 15S

roundish depressed anthers ; germ ovate ; style erect*; longer than the stamen-, three-
parted ; stigmas reflexed, entire, obtuse, yellow; capsule three-cel[ed, cells tv. >.
valved, two-seeded; seeds ovate, flat on one side. In the females, stigmas trifid and
rudiments of stamens fastened to the germ. Germ, style, and capsule, as in the
others. Native of maritime calcareous pocks. — fe'«)7s.

This is remarkable for producing two kinds of branches, the first are round, 1-.
in colour, like the trunk ; and flatted ones which are smooth and shining, with margins
slightly dente ! ; from which, when the plants are young, about four inches high, c ome
tut;) the leaves, one from each dent, sup:)')! ted by very short pedicels'; they arc about
tWO-tenth.s of an inch long, rounded form, of a pale green colour, and their sub-

nee furnished with a middle rib and alternate veins; as the plant advances, these
leaves drop off, and in time the flowers are produced from the crena of the same, of
n like foliated branches.

2. AKGUST"JOT-IA. NARROW-LEAVrn.

IWiis migustis longioribus levissime crenatis, quandoque confettis.
Browne, p. 188.

Leaves pinnate, linear-lanceolate, marked with lines, erenate; (lowers pedun-
cled, hermaphrodite.

This shrub grows much the same size as the other; its leaves come out without any
order; the flowers arc produced on the edges, towards the upper part especially,
where they are placed very closely, and, with the shining green colour of the leaves,
make a very beautiful appearance. It also grows on rocks near the sea. Swartz noti-
ces a variety, linearis, with linear leaves, marked with lines and white flowers.

3. ARBUSCULA. LITTLE-TREE.

Leaves pinnate, lanceolate-acuminate, sub-crenate, coriaceous; flowers pe-

duncled, three-stamened, monoecious,

This is a most elegant evergreen plant, with a woody stem, about three feet high',

1 verv simple and upright, and about a fingers thickness ; bark ash-coloured, marked

with tubercles from the fallen leaves ; leaTes alternately spreading on the top of the

plant, strong, smooth, foot-stalked, and pinnated with five or six leaflets, without art

«dd one, all lanceolate, serrulated, and coriaceous ; the younger ones often purplish.

From the notchihgs of the leaves proceed slender footstalks of half an inch in length,

each bearing a single flower, which is small and of a pale sulphur colour. — Tacquin.

4. MONTANA. MOUNTAIN.

Leaves distich, broad-lanceolate, gasli-crenate, branches ancipital at the top}
flowers sessile. Sw.

Sea-side Ox-eye. — See Ox-eye.

SEA-SIDE PLUM-TREE XIMENIA.

Cl.8, or. l. — Octandria monogynia Nat. or. — Aurantia.

So named after Ximenes, a Spaniard, author of a work on the Animals and Plants of
New Spain, 161 S.

U 2 Gr«.

SSSs HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. sea-sid's

Gen. CHAR. — Calvx a one-leafed four-cleft perianth, acuminate, very small, per-
manent ; corolla four oblong petals, hairy within, below erected into a tube, a-
bove rolled back ; the stamens are eight filaments, erect, short ; anthers linear,^
erect, obtuse, length of the corolla ; the pi&til has an oblong germ, a filiform
style the length of the stamens, and an ok use stigma ; the pericarp a sub-ovate
drupe ; seed a roundish nut. This genus, of which there are. two species natives-
of. Jamaica, is nearly allied to the nuliccccus or genip..

1. AMERICANA. AMERICAN.

I.ycium buvi foils rotund lore integro, flore purpurea fefrapetalo, spl-
nis va/ldlsslmls ct longls armatum. Sloane, v. 2, p. 103, t. 210,
f. 1. Fruticpsa et spinosa, Joins ovutls nitidis conjcrtis,Jlorlbus so-
Utariis, Browne, p. 370.

Leaves oblong, peduncles many-flowered.

This shrub has a smooth trunk and branches, the b'rahchlets spiny,- round, striated ;
leaves in alternate clusters, two or three together, ovate, seldom emarginate, entire,
nerved, smooth on both sides; petioles roundish, flat above, smooth; spines lateral,
erect, at the base of the petioles, longer than them, thickish, awl-shaped. Peduncles.
axillary, or from the tubercle of the petioles, shorter than them, bentdovyn, round,
from three" to five flowered ; pedicels one-flowered; calyx four-cornered, four-tooth-
ed, very small, spreading; petals four, lanceolate, converging at the base, reflexed,
hairy within, pale, smooth on the outside ; filaments eight, shorter than the petals ;
drupe the size of a small' apple, roundish, yellow when ripe, containing a spherical
nut with a white kernel in it. i>:v. This is thought to be Browne's brablhi, which he ••
found near the beech at Port- Antonio, growing to the height of eight or nine feet.
He only saw the fruit, which had all the flavour and appearance of the European plum ;
die shell was smooth, and the pulp and skin of a pale red colour.; the leaves and foot-
stalks of a pale green.

2. INF.RMIS. UNARMED.

Amvri.s 3. — drbore&cens Jolils ova t Is glabrls, vetustioribas conJertist.
petlolis submarginatis, fiorlbus solitarils. Browne, p. 2oy.

Leaves ovate, peduncles one-flowered.
This is a shrubby bushy tree, and divided very much towards the top, though not a-
bove eight or nine feet in height; the trunk about fourand a half inches diameter, very
simple towards the root; the leaves not above an inch in length, of an oval form, and
dispersed very thick upon the smaller branches. Tne perianth is five-cleft ; segments
of the corolla erecto- patent. It grew nea'r the Rio-Grande, in St. George's — Browne.
A. Robinson says he found this tree in blossom in February, at Manchioneal-Bav, in
the morass ; observing the germ oblong and tetragonal, he cut it transversely and foun 1
four cells. The lower part of the germ punctured. The style quadragonal and the
stigma quadrate, flat, and not broader than the apex of the style ; the stamens were
eight filaments, of a moderate length, not short, but appeared so by their repand and
crooked form. In the spring this tree casts its leaves, and the blossoms and new lea\e-'
appear together ; they grow in simple umbels from the bosoms of the leaves, several
impels together, each of which is sustained by a short peduncle. The fresh flowers
bave a delicate smell like Jasmine. S£A*-

^a- weeds- HORT.US JAMAICENSIS: 15?.

SEA-SIDE PURSLANE. SESUVIUM.

Cl. 12, OR. 3. — Icosandria trigynia. — Nat. or. — Succulents.

Gen. CHAR. — Calyx a one-leafed bell-shaped five-parted perianth ; segments ovate,
acute, coloured within, shrivelling; no corolla; stamens very many filaments,
awl-shaped, inserted into the caljx below the segments, and shorter than the
calyx, with roundish anthers ; the pistil has an oblong germ, in the bottom of the
calyx, three-cornered above ; styles often three capillar}-, erect, length of the
stamens ; stigmas simple ; the pericarp an ovate three-celled capsule, cut round;
seeds roundish, flattish, having a beak at the margin. There is only one species
a native -of Jamaica..

rORTUl-ACASTRU.Nf.

Portulacco aizoidesmaritima procitmbens, flore purpurea, filoane, v.
1, p. 20$.-~Repens, foliis oblong is turgidis, Jionbus scssihbus si;i-
gularibus ad alas. Browne, p. 241.

Root perennial ; stem herbaceous, four or five inches long, decumbent, subdivided,
round, succulent. Leaves wedge shapedv. on very short petioles, opposite, obtuse,
fleshy, thick, smooth, bright green ; petioles sheathing, embracing, witli.iuembran-
aceous-edges. Peduncles solitary, axillary, shorter than the leaves ; flowers green on
the outside, white and blood-red within; calyx corolline ; anthers small, blood-red ;
germ accuminate; styles three, sometimes, but seldom, four ; seeds black. Swurtz. — ■
This plant is very common in all the lowlands about the Ferry, (in marshy grounds near
Passage-Fort, Old-Harbour, and on the keys outside of Port-Royal), and frowns in
thick beds on every spot of ground that rises above the level of the water. It is very-
succulent, and full of a neutro-alkalescent salt, which maybe easily extracted, and-
would probably answer all the purposes for which the salts of kali are now used. Browne,
S-loane,says it is pickled and eat as English samphire ; and in Dancer's Medical Assistant
decoction is recommeuued as a gargle or mouth water.

SEA-WEEDS. ALGJE.

Cl. 24, OR. 4. — Crvptogamia algt?,

Of sea-weeds there are a great many to be found on the coasts of Jamaica, and their
general uses are for manuring lan<i, or for burning into kelp. Many of them are very
beautiful, and some of the species are eatable. Besides those already noticed under
the English name liverwort; the following are considered as indigenous to Jamaica.

1. FUCUS.

Gen. CHAR. — Male vesicles smooth, hollow, with villose hairs within, interwoven :
Female vesicles smooth, filled with jelly, sprinkled with immersed grains, promi-
nent at the tip ; seeds solitary. Of this the following five species have been found
in Jamaica.

1. TURBINATIS. TURBINATED.

Fucus marinus vesicidas habens membranis extaritibus alatas. Sloane,
7, 1,- p. 53, t. 20, f. «,

Filiform,

15S IIO-RTUS J ALTAIC EN SIS. . sea- weeds

i

Filiform, slightly branched ; vesicles racemed.
This lias a dark coloured, tough, roundish, crooked stem, about nine- inches high,
having many crooked twigs very thick set, with bladders full of air, which are triang
roundish, haying an extant foliaceous membrane at top encircling it, and three other
extant alie underneath, appearing funnel-shaped", of a blackish-brown colour, when
dried, like glue, smelling strong of the sea, and of a saltish taste. It has several round
protuberances over its surface and grows on all the coasts of the island, or rocks co-
vered with the sea. — Sloane.

<2. NATANS. SWIMMING.

Lenticula marina serratis foliis. Sloane, v. 1, p 59. — Caidc terefi
ramossissimo, foliis oblongis serrato dentatis, vesiculis* globosis.

Browne, p. 72.
Filiform, compressed, pinnate; leaves oblong lanceolate, serrate; vesicles
globular, peduncle?!, scattered, on flat dilated peduncles.
This is called the gulph weed, of which both Sloane and Browne make a larger and
smaller kind, which difference may probably be only occasioned by their being older and
younger plants They are very frequent in all the American seas, and often
thrown on the shores by high winds. 1 bey also grow on rocks. This is supposed to ho
the weed which was so plentiful in these seas as to retard the sailing ol Columbus's
ships; as well as *> there that have been obliged to cut their way through it. A.costasays;
it is eaten greedily By goats, and that it is good pickled. He also mentions a seaman
much troubled with sand and gross humours, who found relief front eating th.s weed
both raw and boiled.

3. ACINAKIUS. BERRIED.

. Caule tereti ramoso, foliis linearibus, iapsviis,foliolalis. Browjie, p.*72.
Filiform, branched; leaves linear, very entire ; vesicles globular peduncled.
This branched fucus, with capillary leaves, is frequently found in the British Channel,
and is distinguished from the foregoing, which it resembles very much in the general
form, by its simple capillary leaves. — Browne.

4. VESICULOSUS. BLADDERY.

Linear, forked, entire, with globular, innate and axillary vesicles, cloven at
the lips, barren ones flat, fertile one tumid.

The flat, divided, and marginated, fucus, with large spungy capsules, is commonly
called/;7/>, and frequent in most parts of Europe, but raretin Jamaica. When burnt,
it yields that concreted saline mass, ol" which our black or cosfrse glass is chiefly made.
— Browne.

, 5. TRIQUETER. THREE-SIDED.

Frond two edged, branched; leaves pelioled, deuticulat; vesiclese immersed,
oblong, three-sided.

II. ULVA.
Gen. cnAR. — Frond membranaceous or gelatinous; fructification solitary or clustered,

within.

SEA-wfeds HORTUS JAMAICEN'SIS. 153

within the substance, or Under the entitle of the whole frond. Three species have
been found in Jamaica.

]. PAVONIA. PEACOCK.

Membranaceous brevis, lobaiits, circuits, concent 'ricis votatus. Sloane, v.
J, p. G2. — Fuciis inaritimus gallb pavmis pennas rejerens, Browne,
. p. 71.
Flat, kidney-form, tapering to diabase^ with transverse arched lines.
The membranous ash-coloured dwarf fueus is a small plant which grows very near the*
shores in all the hays of Jamaica, it seldom rises above three or four inches, and sticks
by a strong ligamentous footstalk to every rock and smaller pebble. — Browne. It is
sometimes incrusted with a coralline white matter.

2. LACTUCA. LETTK'F.

Alga lat if olia prima she muscusmarinus lacfilca fulig-. Sloane, v. 1,
p. 62.
Fronds many frova the same base, distinct, oblong, ilaf, somewhat undulate,
tapering below, dilated a i . rds, lacmi

This iscommo Ay thrown up on-all tue shores of the island. There are two sorts of
this plant Thejirst sort hath a dark greenish wood) stalk, rising from fibrous root*
a!) nit three feet high,, having many small stalks coming out on each side ; and upon
each stalk come out eight or nine leaves, v. I houl an m nner of foot-stalk, opposite to
olie another, about two inches long, and half ah- inch broad where broadest, which is
towards the stalk, and then- goes off taperin r with a sharp point; at the< nd-of me branches
come out its flowers, which are pentapetalo ts, and of a yellow colour; after the flowers
come small rial slender pods, from lour to six inches long, which, when ripe, grow
brown, and open ; their seeds are a Utile biggeg than lentils. It flowers and bears seed
all the year. The second sort grpws much like the former in most-respects, only is a
little smaller, and the leaves round -instead of -being pointed at the ends. The root is
powerful against poison ; the seed, bruised and mixed with vinegar, prevails against
ring-worms. Tue whole plant is cooling and cleansing, and therefore good m ulcers; '
steeped as you do indigo, it will afford a blackish-blue muddy substance, which i.s ex-
cellent for the galled back of a horse, and other sores. It is called by some, wild indigo.
— Barham, p. L2& .

3. MONTANA. ' MOUNTAIN*.

Flat, coriaceous, terrestrial, sanguineous. Swartz discovered this species, which is-
a native of the Blue Mountains, the leaf is kidney-shaped, sessile, zones aggregate,.
ielow hoary.

III. BYSSUS.
Gen. char. — Filaments or fibres thin, membranous, woolly, sprinkled externally
with grains of fructification.

SANGUINE A. SCARLET.

Capillary, velvety, perennial, scarlet, attached to the bark of trees.

This genus is the last in the scale of vegetation in the class cryptogamia, it appears
i» the form of threads or meal on the bark of trees or on rotten wood, rocks, damp

banks-

UO 1I0RTUS JAMAICLNSIS. B€B«e

banks, and walls. One sort' is common on wine-casks, whirh at first is like flakes of
snow, but turns yellow, and at last like a mouses skin : in this state it has black groin*
a* the Lase, like gunpowder, rots the cask, and is excellent to staunch blood. — Ligltfyout.

No English Name. SEGURIDACA.

Cr,. 17, on. 3. — Diadcfphia decandria. Nat. on. — PapHtoTuteeae.

So named from the Latin word for a bill-hook, srcuri*, which the pod resembles in
shape.

Gen. char. — Calyx a three-leaved perianth, small, deciduous, leaflets ovate, co-
loured ; the uppermost respecting I i stan ! ird and two the keel ; corolla papili-
onaceous, with the standard two-leaved within the wings ; stamens eight filaments, '
with oblong anthers; the pistil h'as an ovate germ, ending in an awl-shaped style;
and a flat widening stigma, toothed at the tip ; the pericarp an ovate legun e, one-
celled, one-seeded, ending in a ligulate wing. Two species are natives of Jamaica.

1. SCANDENS. CLIMBING.

ScandenSffbliiS'oblongis, spicis lamosts. Browne, p. 2S8.

Stems climbing, leaves oblong-ovate.

This is a shrubby succulent plant; the younger leafy branchlets arc changed into
very strong tendrils; leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, quite entire, smooth, alternate, petioled;
racemes loose, lateral, opposite to the- leaves ; flowers without see: t, red, with the
standard acute, the wings oblong and. attenuated at the base, and a wide appendix t«
the keel. Jacquin. Browne says lie found this plant in the Bed Hills.

2. VIRGATA. TWIGGY

Frutirosa, fol'ris subrctundis, vamulis tcmiissimis, spuis laxis termi*
?ialibus. Browne, p. 287.

Stem climbing, branches rod-like, leaves roundi.-h.
Neither of these plants are common. Browne found this species in the parish of St.
James, growing upright, and divided into a number of very delicate spreading brandies.

SEDGE. TARF.X.

Cl. 21, OR. 3. — Montrcia triandria NaT. on. — Calamaria.

Gen. char. — Male anient imbricate, scales one-flewcred; calyx one-leafed; no co*
rolla; stamens three, bristle-shaped, with long anthers. Female nectary inflated,
three-toothed ; the pistil has a three-sided germ, a short style, and three stigmas;
seed single, three-sided. Of this numerous genus Swartz found only one species
in Jamaica.

fiAMATA,

-■:

no TITUS J AM ATC ENS rs. >tf

HAM ATA HOOKED.

Spikes simple, androgynous, linear ; male at top ; females awned, awns hooked
at ■•.the tip and equaT Sw.

Sec Boo-uusii, and, thg following article.

SEDGES. CYPERUS.

'Cl. -3, ou. X.-^-Triahdrialmmr/gynic. 1 vat. or Calamaruc.

•Cr.K. CilAU. — Sec Adrue, v. I, p. 8. Ten other species are' natives of Jamaica.
• The first species has a pound tnbn.
1. MINIMUS SMALL

Grcmcn ci/pcroides minimum, spin's plurihis cffmpa'cfis ex oblenge
Totundis. ' SI., -v. 1, p. 120, t. 79, f 3. Bratensis minor paniculis

■ conglobctis, spicittis comprcssh dislkke hnbricahs. Browne, p. 127,
C. 1.
{Mm capillarv, spike single ar.d double, involucre one-leafed.
Hoots composed of many capillary brown • fibres, whence arise mi.ny smalt narrow
leaves, ar. inch long and reddish underneath ; stalks many, simple, triangular, from
three to four inches high, with two Or three small short leaves towards the top : above
these usually three small rusty Scaly spites or heads, two whereof have'short peduncles,
. and the ether none ; they are sufficiently distinguished by their smaline-ss. Shane. The
smallest grassy cvperns, or sedge, is common in<he lower lands of Jamaica, and sel-
dom rises more than nine or ten inches above the ground. Its outward panicles stand
-upon- footstalks/ but the middle -one is largest, and fixed to theend of the Stem ; each.
"-however, is composed of a number-of small compressed spicillrc that standin a radiated
-form. Browne.

The foilwing have three-sided cubits.

2. MGNOSTACHVOS. SlNGLK-SPIKtD.

foramen cyperoid.es minimttm, spica simplici ccnnpccta, red ice tubero*
sa oderata. fcloane, v. 1, p. 120, t.-79, f. 2.
Culm miked ; spike simple, ovate, terminal, -with1 mucronstte scales.
Hoot leaves numerous, linear,' very narrow, even, leo^e, a span length. Culm fi-
liform, weak, -scarcely a foot high. Spike imbricate, compressed a tittle, even,' the
■sir.e cf a cucumber-seed, with keeled mueronate Scales. A simulate leaflet, sometimes
' two, "underthe spike, and of the samedergth with it. tiinneus. Ibis, according to
Swartr,, is rather the lowest .glume, not longer- than half the spike, which-hc describes
-,as being imbricate in a double row, with the two -lowest- scales longer than -the others,
'linear, awl-shaped, keeled, the ethers broader, the uppermost acuminate ; there are
■ little bristles between the scales near the keel. Germ three-cornered; style three-sided,
fetrifid-at the end, stigmas reflex, seed white, cal lose with dots. 'Sloane says this small
grass has brown fibres coming from a black tuberous body, covered with a brown mem-
brane, white within, and very odoriferous; that the seeds are black and shining. It
ryrew in sea-marshes at Delacree pen in Liguanea,
WOL.ll. -"X S.' FILIFORM*?.

-iG2 IIORTUS JASIAICENSIS. sedges

3. ril.lFORM.'S. FILIFORM.

Cuhn three-sided, naked, filiform; leaves setaceous, spikes terminal, sessile,
crowded, round-subulate. Sw.

4. CONFERTUS. CLOSE.

Culm raked; umbel simple, leafy; ppikelets ovate, conglomerate ; glumes-re-
curved, and pointed ;.t the tip. Sw.

5. VISCOSE'S. CLAMMY.

■ . subtcres maritimus, spicillis compreisisconglobatis
et radialis.- Browne, p. 129.

Culm three-sided, clammy ; leaver rough, triangular at the tip.

gr >ws in many savannas jn great plenty, as also near the sen, and has a strong
but agreeable smell. It grows to the height of two f et or better. The clamminess of
the leaves renders it verv remarkable, l> >th they and the stem appearing as if they had

be< ; in thin turpentine or I which does not harden or become dry in the

hottest weather.

C. ELECANS. ELEGANT.

Cyverus, panicida marime sparsa, ferruginea cempressa, eleganlfssi-
■/'•'. Sloane, v. 1, p. 117, t. 75, f. l. Major umbi cults

hixis, spicillis terctibus, culmo Iriquelro. Browne, p. 12 s. C. 4.
Cube naked, umbel leafy, peduncles i iliferous, spikes crowded, with

sp ading points.
Tloot-lenves from two to three feet ; ; stalk two feel and a half

1,', (•. with i ■ leaves i ofisafootlon . Panicles ry

spar lanv spiki I uncles three or four inches

long, some on none, an I otl itei nediate ! i ; !, broad,

one-third of an inch in length, made up of two rovi ginous imbricate scales. It

a-n ics on De'acree pen, Liguanea. oYi

7. OPORATUS. ( .

(' ■■• ■ itus, pan ' s viridi-

v. l. p 1 16, t. 7 k f. i. and t. 8, f. l. Maxima -
'ens, cuhno rolundtori, paniatta quandoque monstrosa;

pressis disticfie catis. Browne, p. US. C. .;.

Culm naked, u» impound, simply leafy, pedicels spiked in a double

i i- .

Rootlong, roundish, hs: ■ ,1, reddish on the outside, very odoriferous,

crei ig a large t ice rise many leaves with a prominent sharp

cutting keel. Stalkstwoon high, with several smaller leav< Isthetop

under the panicle, which is very sparse, having* besides some shorter spikes, mS
on peduncles, above some whereof are a foot high, earh of the spikes be-

■ long', v i. roundish, pale green : seed oblong, of a pale yellowish colour.

]t prows by river sides, Sloa?iB. The largest foliaceous cyperus grows in all the low-
Is. near the Cayman nas, rising five feet or more Ft seeds "but seldom; but, in the
. . j.n of these, it bears a large foliated top that is divided an.! subdivided into two or

three

senna IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS. K^

three series of umbels, each growing gradually smaller as ihey rise towards the summit,
where ever, little radius ends in a few leaves. Browne.

8. COMPRESSUS. COMPRESS! 0.

Cypems rotundus gramineus fere inodorous, panicula sparsa comprcs-
savtridi. Sloane, v. 1, p. 117, t. 7G, f. l.

Culm nake 1, universal umbel three-leaved, glumes inucronate, with t!ie sides
membranaceous.

Culm in a tuft, half a foot high or less, three-sided, naked; leaves from the base of
the culm, linear, straight, stiff, even; involucre terminating, thn lea' d; leaflets
spreading, linear, keeled. Umbel decojmpound ; spikel . •■ . , pale green, pe-
duncles very short, three or four, three-sided, sheathed at the base. Spikes iuibri-
: jn two rows ; glumes compressed, keeled, membranaceous at the edge, ovate, a-
cute, but not nmcronate; bristles two, whitish, between the sc; . anthers bilk!,
style trifid, stigmas reflex ; see.! roundish, three-cornered, ferruginous, and shining.
Swjrtz. Sloane says it grew in sandy places about the streets of Spanish-Town, and
the Savanna.

STRIGOSUS. RIGID.

Cy perus rotundas-, panicula sparsa, spicis strigosus ferrugineis,
'isloane, v. 1. p. LI 6, t. 74, f. 2, 3.

Culm naked, umbel simple, spikelets linear, very. much. Growded, horizontal.

Root round, tuberous, as big as a hazel nut, fibrous, within odoriferous and aroma-
tic to smell and taste, co> branes. Leaves soft, triangular,
grassy, aljout eighteen inches long; culm the same height, solid, triangular, Laving
at top three or tour leaves, and above several long ferruginous spikes, standing sparse
on every hand, each being long, round, slender, containing many long, whitish, cor-
ner;'.I, seeds, making in all a very elegant head. It grew in marshes by the Rio- Co--
bVe, above the Ferry, towards the fresh water lagoon, plentifully. The powder of it,
to the weight ot a crown, taken in white wine, occasions speedy delivery. Sloane.

, 10. TENUIS. SLENDER.

Culm naked, umbel simple ; spikelets subulate, crowded, horizontal-reflect-,
ed; leaves of the involucre linear setaceous. Szo.

See Adrue.

Self-hfal. — See Christmas-pride.

Sempervive.— See Aloe.

Senna, Bastard. — See Barbadoes-prhje and Bastard Senna.

SENNA TREES. CASSIA.

Cl. 10, or. 1. — Decandriamonegynia. Nat. or. — Lomentacce.

Gen. char: — See Cane-piece Sensitive, p. 151. Besides the species referred to
under their common names, the following are indigenous to Jamaica :

X 2 1. VIMINEA.

HO R T U S J A M A I C E N S r a Sbnm*

1. VJMINEA. TWIGGY.

Somz-rspuria tetrapkylla, siliqkia lata compressn. Sloane, v. 2, p. 49,
t. 130, f. 6, 7. Viminea toliis ovato-acwmnatis, h-ijugatis ; mt-
mis.laxis alarum's, suiquii brevioribus. compress:;. Browne, p. 223.
LCafleti-two pairs, ovate-oblong* acuminate, an oblong gland between the Jow-
• ;.st ; spines sub-petiole;!, obsolete, three- toothed.

Stem shrubby climbing to -the height of £0.1*3 or fifty fee^p striated, sti.T; branches
divaricate, ioo»e, stifflsh, round, striated, Smooth. Leaves b"ij ugous, leaflets pejtioled^.,
the lower pair spreading, bent down, the end one bent_down perpendicularly, and ap»
proximating, ail entire, nerved, veined, very smsath. General, petioles thickened ai ■
the base, round, usually directed One way. Between the petioles of the-lower pair u
a linear, oblong, erect, browsa, gland. On the adultand old branches there are spines* >
Racemes axillary,' siil}', spreading, many- flowered, striated; Sowers large, ci>- pedun-
cles longer than them. Leaflets of the calya ovate, reflex, spreading, small, pale
green. . Petals unequal) the four upper ones smaller, ovate, with ciaus, the tilth low-
er, largish, concave; the three bSftder filaments barren, six smaller shorter,, fertile ;
the tenth larger, and bent down below the pistil ; anthers oblong, beaked ; germ pe-
dicelled, linear,, longer than the corolla, bent dawn, aud curved back ; style subuiate; .
legume short compressed. Native of Jamaica, in the wood* or the higher mountains,
hi" the interior cfethe islands— S':rartz. .In plants sixteenfeet high, Sfoane says the stera. -
of the pla;,t«was as thick as one's arm, with a bxQWfl, shining, smooth, bark; he fouttd
iuui the red- hills, ciithe read to Guanaboa. .

2. EMARGINATA. ema-roixate. .

Cassia minor fruticosa hexaphyUa ienajoliis. ■ uloanc-, v. 2, p 44, t, -
lSj f ), 2, i, -J., Arboixucns d'Jfusa, siliquif longh covipressir. ■
Browne, p. 222.
Leaflets three cr lour pairt, ovate, almost. en-are, dower:.:.* t-ccme;', hrfgu!art
stem arboreous.
This lsa.::mn!l tree, with a trunk ten or lwelp& fee> high* and subdivided, round,
ash-coloured, pubescent, hranchej ; leaves pinnate, scattered, spreading.; coimniv
petioles round, . twoJncbes. long, pubescent ; leaflets petiotedyjblunt^ nerved, thiekisfa,
tomentose, hoary beneath Rffeemes axillary, solitary, patulous, shorter than the leaves, .
many- flowered; fleers terminating, peduncled, yellow; peduncles or.e-ilowered short*
Three leaflets of the calyx larger, ovate-oblong, patulous, concave-arched, pubescent
on the outside ; petals unequal, four with claws oblong, aluie.t of a sisej but the lower
cues ciiiKAvhat smaller; the -upper, petal with -8? claw, larger, irregular, m form of the
letter S plated ■ obliqneb-, concave, waved on the edge. Filaments very short, equal,
subulate, anthers-the length of the filaments, thick, curved in, fertile; germ pedi-
ceiled, subulate, declined ; style rising, sdgnia blunt ; legume flat, broad. It flowers
in, spring and the seed rip ns in August. Native of Jamaica hi. dry coppices in tne
southern part.-*- S&prJz,, This is known by the name of .senna tree, and is common i#
th lowlands ; the. leaves are. cf a p jrgative nature, and sometimes used im>te^d of those
«i the real senna.

3. OaTUMFGtlA. t)3Tl'SE-LEAVF.T>.

Setma minor herbacca p'truwj , liexaphylUi Jolitf ebtusa. -JSloanc, ic, .
2, p. 17, t. ISO, f. A ..

Seaftelsg

mws i ITORTUS JAIvTAICEN^rSr- |jK»

Leaflets three pairs- obovare hi tint.

Height-frond one to two feet ; stem solitary, straight, round, green; smooth, the <
size of the littie fifiger'bekjwj*- brancl*wig*from the very bottom ; lower leaflets large,,
smaller, resembling- Italian seima, enlarging toward the end, obtuse, but ending in u-
Tory abort point, covered with a fine down, perceptible to the touch rather than the
sight; at the base of the petiole a slender stipule on each jkle. Both leaves and stems
Lave a strong smell ; the upper part of the stem and branches downy. Flowers exillary,
few, small, nodding, pale y el-law.- — Uliienias. The leaves have -no oci J- leaflet', pe-
tioles uke, nate, spreading, roundish, thickened atuheba'se* channelled in the middle,
r-.ven. L> a:k ts sub-sessile, entire; between the lowest pair a m'itra-te yellow, linear
gland, on a short petiole. Peduncles solitary, shorter than. the petioles, two- flowered ;
pedicels quadrangular, three times as long as the peduncles. Leaflets ofthe calyx ovate, ;
two longer, convex, hairy at the edge ; petals cearly equal with claws ; the three up-
per ones spreading, the two loner contiguous, rather smaller. The lour upper fila-
ments minute, barren, wicbouV anther : ; {'our- middle larger, fertile, two lower bent
down; anthers perforate at the top. Germ oolong, acuminate; style subulate, re--
curvecl ; stigrna-sinsple, pubescent ; legume pedicelTed, linear, tour or live inches long,
cylindnc-angular, .curved, even, containing from twenty to twenty-four- seeds. — J':.-.
This plant •- common in all tiie savannas about- Kingston, as it is also about Spanish-
Town ; and a very troublesome w< ed in the pens in Salt Ponds It flowers in October,
sheds its seeds; and dies away. It often grows in thick clusters, and destroys all other '
■vegetation in-those spots where it has established itself, and ought to be eradicated-
girtih gxe&t care. It shuts up its leaves at night.-.

, 4. PILOSE. llymtY.

Stffj'ruliCJSi! c recta hirsute, Jioribus singtilawbtij, a'aribus. E;ownr*
p 2'2-t, C. 12;

Lrrflets four or fiw pairs, with very minute glands, stipules semi-cordate, acu- -
m mate, stem stiff,, hauy.

Stem from-one to two feet high, herDareous, subdivided, upright, roun;^ hirsute,
Teddish ; branches short almost upright. Leaflets opposite sub-sessile, oblong, rounded '
at the tip, sharp, with a very smaii bristle, lixed obliquely to the petiolule, vt ined, a
little hirsute on the edge. Common petioles thicker at -the base, round, hirsute;
glands extremely mi-cuto, pedicelled, concealed in the hairs under the lowest pumas.
btipules opposite,, sessile, sickle-shaped, acuminate, enure, hirsute. Flowers two or
three together, -axillary, small, yellow : peduncles filiform, long, one- flowered, smooth,
purplish; bractes twe, whitish, under the flowers; calycine leaflets lanceolate, spread- -
jng.; petals nearly equal, roundish, with claws, concave, wav«d about the edge ; -fila- -
jr.ents seven,- two of them minute, barren; anthers linear, white, bearing pollen at -
the tip ; gerin oblong-lanceolate, villose, white ; style c\ lindric, thick, redUrved ; stigma^
simple obtuse ; legume sub-cylimirie, linear, pedicelled, pubescent. Native- of -Ja--
T^naica, flowering towards the ead ofthejear. — SuaiH.

5. BJFtCRA. TWO-FLOWERFO.

Fnit:'cosa, Joliis minoribus obverte oiatis sexjugatis, jbsrifflsr gemina*
ttsvel bigemiiwtis, racemis aiaribus* Browne, p. 223, C 6.
• leaflets six pairs *atner oblong smooth, the lower ones smaller, a suoulate gland
V-trtvWii u*« lowest, peUiceis ivvu-flv-wercti*-

Tiu*.

IC6 HORTUS JAMAICKNSIS, bona

This is about two feet high. Leaflets oval-oblong, blunt, with a very small bristle-
shaped point. Flowers, yellow; pods linear compressed. Browne calls it the flowering
shrubby senna.

C. SERPENS. SERPENT.

Herbacea, tenuissima, procumbens ; floribus singularibus alar,
Browne, p. 225, C. 15.

Leaflets seven pairs, Mowers pentandrous, stems filiform, prostrate, herbaceous.

Stems three or four inches long, simple, somewhat upright, but depressed ut the
base, stii , i und, villose. Leaflets from seven to nine pan;, •, somewhat

sickle shapeJ, sessile, approximating, flat, oblique, terminated by a very short bristle,
an i - >u petioles filiform, short, thickened at the base, round,

hirsu . th the lowest pair of leaflets are two flat, sessile, roundish, perforated;

red glands. \.t the l pair of stipules, opposite, oblique,

olate, acuminate, a'mest bristle sh tip. Flowers not axillary, but crowded

above the petioles, small, yellow, on very short pedicels. Calyci ts lanceolate,

spreading; petals unequal, ovate, obtuse, concave, spreading; filaments very short,
anthers linear, fertile ; the three anterior ones bent down, and someuhat larger; germ
compressed oblong ; style thickish : i ent; legume flat, compressed,

of a broad linear shape, margined, blunt, villose, containing n -Sw. This

is an annual plant in dr. , ion i

bigger than a middle sized pin, stretching from fourteen to sixteen incl

7. GLAJ ■ '. GIANDULOUS

Leaflets many pairs, with many gl, »

Stem suffruticose, with almost naked bi te, with a pedicelled

gla id i each pair; peduncles , double, one-flowered,

rter than the leaf. The flowers have six filaments, and two of the anthers are very-
Jong; the pods are like those of orobus. Luineus.

8. 1 ! FLEXUOUS.
Senna occidentalis siliqaa singularifeliis ha ba ;. 31. v. 2. p. 5 1.

Leaflets many pairs, stipules half cordate.

Root woody ; stems spread on the ground, four or five inches long, with winded
leaves, the pinnze of which are pretty long. The flowers are axillary, pods flat and
about half an inch long. It grows in sandy places of th< a near St. Jago do la

Vi ga. Sloane.

9. PROCUMBENS. PROCUMBENT.

Leaflets many pairs, without glands, stem procumbent.

10. VIRGATA. TWIGGY.

Leaflets ten pairs, ovate-lanceolate, villose, a petiolar pedicelled gland, pe-
duncles one-flowered, longer than the leaves. Sw.

11. SERICEA. SILKY.

Leaflets about four pairs, ovate, hirsute; a subulate gland between the teaflets,
peduncles four-flowered, legumes four-cornered. Sw.

J 2. LINEATA,

SEN3ITIVS II OUT US JAMAICENS'rS. i

12. LINEATA. LINEAR.

Leaflets five | i,vhai long, pubescent beneath, equal-j an obsolete gland

beneath the lowest ; peduncles one-flowered.

13 SENNA.

Senna Ttalica seu foliis obtusis. Sloane, v. 2, p. 47.

Leaflets fjur to six pairs, sub-ovate, petioles without gland,.

This is the plant which produces the leaves con nonly known in medicine by the
name of senna. Swartz found it on the coast of this island, of which, however, it is
i i a native, although Ion itroduced, and it is \ ' ,>* is

■ ly a variety. Swartz cle f< v, branch I, i ven, with

sub-divided branches ; leaves composed of five, six, pairs of leaflets ; common

petioles alternate, round, thickened at the base ; leaflets opposite, oblong, rounded
atthetip, where there isavery short bristle, :ous, on very snort petio-

lules; stipules at the base of t nutate. !' ter-

minating, erect, many-l «vers on les, 1 down, p

yellow; calyciue leaflets lanceolate ; petals convex, patulous ; three f
four middle smaller, three * . of the

middle ones small, ofth •, styleincu i , gma

acute; legume shaped like the stomach, pa li

t ) : lower Tiate; ; eight, npres sect — Ail the ,.

are purgal • h : leaves, bruised ail' the skin, are • I . >r cutaneo is

complaiuts. Tiiis plant, which grew on ■ t le sea, was employed by Dr.

Wright as a cathai 'i .

See (Cane-piece Sensitive, Cassia tree, Horse-cassia, Ringworm-siiri

and S: inking Weed.

NSITIVE PLANTS. MIMOSA.

Cfc-. 23, or. 1. — Polj/gamia moneccia. NaT. or. — Lome ce<e.

Gev. char —See Cacoons, p. 137. Besides the species of this genus referred to un-
der E igli i, the following are also natives of Jamaica :

1. VIVA. I l\ ELY.

Mimosa herhacea, von spines.:, tni-nima, repens. Sloane, v. 2, p. 58,.
t. isc, f. 7. Minima herbaeea, vin tripoliearis; capsulismono&pevn
viifais hirsu'tis. Browne, p. 254-. M. 1 ;.

Unarmed, leaves conjugate pinnate, in most pLnnas smaller.

This has trailing; herbaceous stalks, putting out roots at every joint, and spreading
to a const lerable distance. The leaflets are narrow an:! the petioles short and smooth.
Flowers axillary on naked peduncles, about an inch in length ; "they are of a pale yel-
lowish colour, and collected into small globular heads.^ legumes short, flat, jointed,
cantaining three or f >ur compressed roundish seeds. Martyn. — The smallest creeping
s ivitive ii frequent in many of die pasturesin Jamaica, especially those situated at the
'jo.tsof the mountains in Sixteen-mile-walk and St Thomas in the East It grows in

fcedsj

i63 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. jtssmvE

•feeds, and creeps by very delicate stalks along the ground; but these seldom exceed
three or four inches long. It is very sensitive, and contracts its leaves on the slightest
touch, or ever, sudden puff of wind. Sioanerelates that a puffof breath makes an im-
pression on it, and that he wrote his name oa a bed of it with the point of a stick, aiwl
ft remained visible for seme time.

2. CWEEAdA. ASP-COI.OfRED

Frutiofsa spinis aduneis undique armaia ; eortice cinercj. foliis minu-
, its pi?niatis, spicis globosis. Browne, p. 252. M. 5.

"Prickly, leaves conjugate pinnate, pinnas equal, prickles curved inwards.
Thefmgrigo or-thorny mimosa is a prickly shrub, frequent in most of the sugar co-
lonies, especially in Antigua, where the leaves are -frequently used, mixed with corn,
for their riding horses, and it is thought to free them from hots and worms. It grows
in a tufted form, and seldom rises above five or six feet from the ground, though it
spreads a great deal more in its . growth. Browne.

.3. PDHCTftTA. SPOTTED.

Frutcscens media inermis, siliquis compressis, Jclcaii; tt wnhcllatis,
pediincula lenglssimo. Browne, p. 253, M. 8.
■ Unarmed, leaves lipinnate, spil.es erect, flowers ten-stamened,. lower ones
castrated.

This rises with .upright branching rtalks six or sever, feet higti; wood;.- towards the
•root, having callous dots irregularly disposed on it. The leaves are four .haired, with
a depressed gland between the first pair ; leaflets twenty-paired ; peduncles with two,
alternate,- kal i- cords te,bracte:: ; spikes oblong ; all the ilorots ten -statu en ed ;.the lower
ones male and castrated ; corolla five-petaled. Browne calls it the larger smooth sen-
sitive, and says that it has .been introduced into Jamaica

4. Pr.RNAM-BI.'i ANA. PEWKAWBTTCO.

■Sitrba mimosa non spinosa, *eu spuria de "PerwmibtiCC. "Sloane, v. 2.
p. iS.

Unarmed, leaves bipinnate, spikes drooping, five stamened, lower ones cas-
trated, stem decumbent.
From a straight woody root proceed several branches nine inches long. Leaves com-
posed of three or four pinnas. The flowers .are globose, made up of many long white
filaments, to; mi-ig altyrether a round head ; pods flat, an i:ich long, and a quarter of
an inch broad, with a round protuberance at each seed. It does not feel the touch as
-other mimosas, but on holding it for some time its leaver contract. It grows on gravelly
groundsill the. savanna, near St. Jago de la Vega, and many other. places. £loaae.

5. COMOSA. BRANCiTY.

Unarmed, arboreous, leaves bi-pinnat > trijtigous, pmnas {nine or ten-paircJ^
oval r.etu:e at the base, tiowers patiicled, monodtlphous. &i\

6. MAXGFNSIS. . MANGO.

SGpines solitary, short; leaves bi-pinnatc, generally nine-paired ; spikes glo-
<.bular ; axillary, solitary.

CChis

ierpent r: ort us ja:-,iaice:;sis. . i69

This is an oprij+ht tree, twenty foot in height, with horizontal branches. Spines

awi-.-i uminate, strong, sub-axillary, five-lined ; leaves , withthecom-

... les two inches long, and a small oblong, blunt, upright, gland, a little above

:e ; partial pinnas an inch long ; leaflets oblong, blunt, scarcely three lines in

length; spikes globular, . i ry, solitary, turned upw na peduncle an inch in

.. ; flowers white, void of scent. Native of Jamaica and other West-India islands ;

[ueht in the island of Mango. — Jacquin.

7. ASPERATA. ROUGH,

Frutesvens, spinvsa et acuclata ; siliquis h'irsuth, Browne, p. 257,
M. il.

Prickl)', rough-haired, leaves bi-pinnate, with opposite prickles, spine erect
bet\ q :'h of the partial ones.

This has a shrubby erect stalk about five feet !. ry, and armed with short,

broad, strong, thorns, which are white, standing on each side, almost opposite or al-
ternate. Leaves five or si-; paired, with a strong mi I Y md i ■••.•■ :en each pai
short strong spines, pointing out each u its extremely narrow and very close.

Towards the' upper part of the stalk the flowers are produced from the sides, on short
i h les; they are coll it6 globular heads, and are of a bright purple colour;

the stalks are also terminated by smaller heads of the like dowers. Pods flat, joi
about two inches long an I a. quarter of an inch broad, spreading like rays, there being
commonly five or six joined together at the base; they separate at each articulation,
ing the two side mei or borders standing. Theseeds, which are compressed

and square, drop out from the joints of the pods, which are hairy at first; but as they
ripen become smooth. The petioles do not fall on being touched, but the leaflets close
up. Linneus remarks that the whole plant is rough-haired, except the pinnas ; the
it -Lives often fourteen paired, with many paired leaflets ; an upright awl-shaped spine
between each pair of partial leaves ; and two stout recurved solitary opposite shorten
rickles between each pair ol partial ones. Legume compressed, with stifHsh pale red
lairs. Browne calls it the thorned sensitive from Panama, which he sa\s was intro-
duced from the main continent. He describes it -as follows-: " It is a shrubby plant,
and rises commonly to the height of seven or eight feet, but the smaller branches and.
ribs are full of short recufved-thorns ; and eSch rib again emits a number of long and
slender prickles, from the interspaces of its foliations, or smallest ribs. The branches
of this shrub are moderately thick, but the leaves are small, and very apt to move on
every occasion. The pods are compressed and hairy*, and when ripe divide into as many
parts as there are seeds, which fall off separately ; these parts are held, in the natural
state, between two ribs that run along- the margins of the pod, in the inner grooves of
which they move with great ease, when contracted and detached from each other".

£ee Cacoon, Cashaw, Gum-arabic, Ikga-tree, Nephritic-tree, and Wild

Tamarind.

-Sensitive, Bastard. — See Bastard Sensitive.

I

SERPENT-ROOT OPHIORHIZA.

Cl. 5, or. 1. — Pentandria monozynia. Nat. or. — Stellate.

Vol. II. Y Tfiis

110 H OUT US JAMATCENSIS. Serpent'*

This generic name i:- derived from the Greek words for the English name, an East-
India species being used against the bite of the ribband snake.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, erect, compressed, five toothed, equal.,
permanent:; corolla one-petaled, fennel-form, border five-cleft; stamens five fi-
lameftts, with oblong anthers; the pistil has a bifid germ, a fiiiform style, and two-
stigmas ; the pericarp is a two-lobed capsule, seeds numerous. One species has_
been found in Jamaica.

M1TREOLA. MiTRED.

Leaves ovate.

R oots from the lower joints of the stem in bundles, long, filiform, white; stem her-
baceous, a foot high, simple or branched, erect, four-cornered at bottom, towards the.
upper part roundish, smooth, loose. Leaves petiole*}, opposite, lanceolate-ovate, a-
ouminatc, entire, smooth on both sides ; leaflets in the axils of the larger ones. Pe-
duncles terminating, diciiotomous, loose; flowers minute, sessile, directed one way,
distinct, white, and a solitary flower in the lurks of the peduncles. Calyx minute, .
five-parted, with erect segments; corolla tubular, longer than the calyx ; segments of
the border ovale, acute, erect, often bent in ; throat viliose, white; filaments from
the middle or the tube ; anthers converging under 'the pile of hairs-above the stigmas ;
germ two-parted at the base, oblong ; styles two, stigmas roundish, white, pubescent;
capsule at the base bifid, one-.celled, two-vaived, the valves opening at the side within
longitudinally ; seeds numerous, inserted into two receptacles fastened to each valve.
Flowering in Spring, in wet meadows or the banks of rivers. Swariss. This plant has
the appearance of the narrow leaved brooklime. The leaves are of a pale green colour
like those of the Barbadoes olive.

SERPENT'S or ADDER'S TONGUE. OPHIOGLOShUM.

Cl. 24, or. 2. — Cryptogamia FHlices.
This generic name is formed afthe Greek words for the English one.

Gen, CHAR. — Capsules numerous, connected by a membrane into a distinct spike,
.sab-globular, when ripe opening transversely, without any elastic ring, iieedfr-
very many, extremely minute. Three. species are natives of Jamaica.

I. RF.TICULATUM. NF.TTFD.

Xphatum simplex, folio cordato, Browne, p. 108.
From! cordate.
The heart-leaved adder's tongue rises commonly to the height of fire or six incites
above the root.

2. FAT MATUM. PALMATfe

Fronde bheeta pahna-ta, spkatentrali fronde longiori. Browne, p. 108.

Piond palmate, with the spike at the base.

Br3v»ne calls this the smaller adder's tongue, with palmated foliage.

3t ■scAKOrr .

•atiADDoes TfORTUS JAMAICENS13 171

3. SCANDF.NS. CLIMBING.

Fhyllit'di multifield? affinis, filix scandens, inpinnas tantum dhisa\
oblongas, angustas von crenatas. Sloane, V. 1, p. 88, t. 46, f. 1.

tlaindrns, cattle t: reti glabra, foliis petiolutis angustis subscrrulatis,
quandoque'nurftis, quandoque digitalis. Browne,/) 100, Pol. 24.

Stem flexuose round, fronds conjugate pinnate, leaflets spike-bearing on both
sides.

This has a round root, its top covered with' blackish bair, having many strong fila-
ments. Stem round, smooth, small, shining, reddish brown, turning round trees, on
which it rises to a considerable height. At every three or four inches it puts forth
leaves, mostly opposite, on inch-long foot-stalks, of a nervous texture, and sometimes
[divided into two or more unequal parts. It grew plentifully on Mount-Biablo and
a#.ther inland mountain parts. Sloane.

Serpent-withe— See Contrayfrva.
Seven-ear Vine — See Indian Cheeper.

SHADDOCK. CITRUS.

Cl. 18, or 3. — iolijadclphiaicosandria. Nat. or. — JSicorn !

'"Gen. char. — See Citron, p. 136.

DECUMAN A.

Mains aurantia, Jructu rotundo maximo paiiesccnte hu.ma.num caput
excedente. Sloane, v. l, p. 41, t. 12, f. 2, 3. Fructu sphterico ob*.
ovato, maxima ; cortice aquali, vesiculate, pallida luieo. Br. p. 309.

Petioles winged, leaves obtuse, emarginate.
The shaddock was ori regarded by Linncus as only a vajiiety of the orange,

from which it principals a: size of the fruit. It grows much the same size

85 the orange tree, and-has much the same appearance in foliage and flowers, which
are very sweet scented. The fruit is large and spherical, and from eight to ten inches
-in diameter; some trees have fruit with a red, and others with awhile, pul;>, the for-»
rner'is* o-ene rally considered the best. The rind is -very thick, while, bitter, and fun-
gous. ^The pulp of the best kinds has a most delicious sweet-acid tasfe, by many pre-
ferred to the orange. There is a yariet \ known by the name of grape-fruit, on account
of its resemblance in fi ivour. to the grape; this fruit is not near so large as the shad-
dock, which received its name from a captain Shaddock, who first brought the plant
from the East-Indies. These i'.u its are generally in perfection, in Jamaica, hi the month
tf December.

I have seen them much larger than a man's head. The outside skin is of a lemon co-
iour, but very smooth, and of a fine scent, exceeding lemon or orange; its rind is
Ihick, and full of a volatile essential oil ; next the inside skin is a white substance, as
in citrons, and then a juicy pulp appears. Those of the best sort arc of a deep red of
5>urple colour, but those that are whi are very sour, and not good.* They say if

Y 2 you

This is not always the case, for thewhite are sometimes very juicy and well flavoured.

•*

173 EiORTUS JAMAICENSIS. sn,.Dnr c% ■ •■

you plant the seed, there is but one in a whole shaddock that will bring forth good aid
pleasant fruit; I have seen many of them planted and come to bear, but never saw a
1 one produced from the seed. The best way is to take a stem or a twig, and in-
ft or innoculate i,t on a 'good China orange stock, &c. The fruit is cooling and ro-
bing, abating drought and heat in fevers. — Durham, p. 173.

The shaddocks in general are but indifferent fruit, most of them inclining to a white
pulp or fresh, and a watery bitterish juice, greatly inferior to the East-India Fruit. Mr.
Miller accounts for this, by remarking, that by constantly raising these trees from the
.seeds, the fruit degenerates continually; whereas if the inhabitants would only bud or
innoculate from the good sort, they might have it in as great plenty as they pleased ;
but that they resign tiie whole to nature, seldom giving themselves any further trouble
than to put the seels in the ground, and leave them to grow as nature shall incline.
This observation of bis is perfectly true; and, perhaps, their practice is not so much
the effect of carelessness, as the want of knowing how to perform the innoculation ;
for which reason I shall give the method recommended by that ingenious writer, which
is very practicable in Jamaica, and where we may hope to see it adopted; since it is
surely some satisfaction to possess so favourite a fruit in its most perfect and delicious
state, whether for consumption within the island or for exportation. — The manner of y
performing the inn emulation is as follows : yon must be provided with a sharp penknife,.
having a flat haft, (the use of which is to raise the bark of the stock to admit the bud),
and some sound mat, which should be soaked in watel to increase its strength, for this
purpose various barks used for making ropes will answer equally well, Having taken
off the cuttings or young shoots from the trees to be propagate;!, take a smooth part c£
the stock, five or six inches above the ground, ifdesi -dwarfs, but if for stand-

ar Is, they should be budded six feet above the ground ; then, with your penknife, cut „

. horizontal mark across the rind, and, from the middle of that cut, make a slit down-
wards, about two inches in length, s i that it may be in form of a T; but you must be
careful not to eul he stock; then cut off the leaf from

the bud, leaving the footstalk, and make a cross cut about half an inch below the eye»
v.'aA slit off«the bu I, with part of-the wood to it, in form oi in et cutcheon. This done,
puli off with the, knife : of the wood which was taken with the bud, observing

whether the eye.bi the bud b • I sfi to it or not, (for all those buds that lose their eyes
in stripping should be thrown away, being useless) ; then, having gently raised the bark
of the stock, where the Tinci >u was made, with the flat haft of the knife, clear to the
wood, thrust the bu 1 therein, observing to place it smooth between the rind and the
wood of the stock, rutting off auv part of the rind belonging to the bud which may be
too long for the slit m tde in the stock, and, having c saetly fitted the bud to the stock,
tii them clos< id, beginning at the lower part of the slit, anjd proceeding to the

top. taking care not to hind round the eve of the bud, which should beleft.open — ■
When the bu Is have been innoculate I two or three we, ks, those whicti remain piuinp
and fresh are joined, and the bandage must be loosened, which, it not d me in time,
will pinch the stock, and greatly injure, if not destroy, the buvi. — Long, p. 10 .

FORBIDDEN FRl'lT.

Fructa sph.-erico ovqto minore, cortice <rqualivesicula'o pallide luted,
petit is a atis. Browne, p. 30y.
This is considered as only a variety of the shaddock, but the fruit is much smaller,
having a thin, tough, smooth, pale yellow, rind, and the tree isuo& near so graceful

havtiig-

SHK-GRASi HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 173

having; its branches generally very scattered and irregular. The fruit of this tree when
£ood, which it seldom is, has a much milder sweet taste than any other of the orange
kind. It grows plentifully in a wild state in many parts of Jamaica.

See Citron— I. ime— Orangp.
Silk Cotton-tree — See Cotton-tree,

SILK-GRASS" BROMELIA.

Cl. 6, or. 1. — Tlexawdria monogynict. Nat. dR. — Coronation

G£N. char. — See Penguin, v. 2, p. 48.

KARATAS
Aloe yucca foliis. Sloane, v. 1, p. 249.
Loaves erect, flowers siemfess, sessile, aggregate!
This plant generally grows at the root of some shady tree ; it is elegant, and produces
numerous radical leaves, all which are of a subulate linear shape, sharp pointed, and
edged with spines. The flowers are scentless, seated in the bosom or middle part of
the plant, ros ed, with the calvx and germ downy. . The length of the leaves

is six or seven feett Th i fruits are oval, two or three hundred in number, and grow
sessile in a heap or central gronpe, .surrounded by paleaceous expanded leaves or brac-
tcs ; they'contain. a succultnt whitish OEyeHbwish flesh, under a coriaceous and yel-
lowish bark; when ripe, they are far from unpleasant, hut, when unripe, they set the
teeth on edge and excoriate the month; Tne economy of this plant, in the preserva-
tion of its fruit to maturity, is wonderful; being so protected by the spines of the sur-
rounding leaves as to be secure from all injuries. It propagates itself by mucus pro-
duced amongst the leaves, which become procumbent, after the fruit is ripened. Mar-
tyn. Long mentions that some of these plants grew at Wreck- Bay, in Healthshire ;
Sloane noticed them at the^Cay mannas.

This plant is of the aloetic kind. The leaf is not so thick and juicy as sempervive, but
much longer ; some are five or six feet long-, but narrow, yet not so narrow as the pine
or penguin leaf, nor are they so broader thick as the currato. It is full of small
prickles on each side or edge »f the leaf, and is tapering from the ground t» the top,
ending with a small prickle, which makes it of the shape of a lance.

The chief use of this plant is to make si.k ; which, as the Indians and negroes make
it, is quite co irse, but very white, hard, and strong ; of this they make hammocks and
ropes, as also fishing- nets, which will endure the water longer than thread. The way
that the negroes dress ithere, is only to lav the blade, or leaf, upon a flat piece of wood,
and then, holding it fast at one end, scrape off. with a blunt lath or piece of woo, I, the
outward green substance, the inward white silk appearing, in-strah_ht lines or tinea !s„
from one end of the leaf to the other. After they have scraped both sidts, they throw it
into clear water, wash all the remaining green from it, dry it in the sun, and tin n twist-
it up into ropes, &c. Undoubtedly, this might be wonderfully improved' Nature Hav-
ing shewn the way, and brought it to such perfection ready to their liands, it might,

v ilk

m IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS. snace-gouito

with industry and the art of man, be perfected much more, to a considerable profit in.
making fine stuffs of it, and merchandizing in it. — Barkam, p. 174.

See Penguin and Pine-apple.

SILVER- WOOD-TREE. PETAT.OMA.

Cl. 10, OR.. 1 — Decandria monogynla. Nat. op.
Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, goblet shaped, five-toothed, superior,
permanent, teeth sharp, almost upright ; corolla five petals, oblong, spreading,
each inserted by the claw between the teeth of the calyx, deciduous; stamens ten
filaments, placed on the margin of the calyx, longer than the corolla ; anthers ob-
long, incumbent; the pistil lias an ovate genu in the bottom of the calyx, along
awl-shaped style, and a simple acute stigma ; the pericarp a globular-fleshy berry,
crowned with the calyx, -one-ceiled ; seeds solitary, or in fours, angular en one
•pide, convex on the other. One species is a native of Jamaica, which was trans-
ferred by Swartz from the genus myrtus, on account of the form of the calyx, and
■the insertion of the stamens.

MYRTILLOIDES. MYRTI.E-I.IEE.

3/i/rti foliio arbor cortice argehtea. foliis obi \ lalioribus n-

cuminatis, inndovis, ezfdverso'sitis, flore pentap pah de al-

bican te. Sloane, v 2, p. 73, t. 187, f. 3.

Peduncle? solitary, one-flowered; leaves sub-sessile, ovate, attenuated, oblique
at the base.
Trunk straight, twenty feet high, no thicker than the human leg ; the bark almost
smooth, grey, with some. very wl nee its name- ot silver- wood. Leaves

in pairs, smooth, very thin, yellowish e.reen, an inch long, and almost as broad at the
ba ', entire, on short petioles. Flowers axillary, e, on crooked pedicels ;

the wood is hard, tough, heavy, and good for looms, rs, or rods

for scouring guns. Sloane. Browne makes this plant th - same as h d iphus,

or silver-tree, which, he says, is commonly called I by the negro< . -,

notbe, as his plant has tetrapetalous .flowers, anil its characters do noi
.respects with the plant described by Sloane and bwartz, which is a'i liuje tree,

and sometimes only eight stamens are found in the Bower. The ripe fruit is ' nt

an 1 filled with a fragrant balsamic juice, containing frequently only one . ^q, or

.oblong nut, turbinated at one end. It blossoms in April and .May.

■SNAKE-GOURD. 3TUCHOSANTHES.

Cl.. 21, or. <?. — Monaecia syngenesis. N lt. or. — Cucurlitacetc.

This generic name is derived from two Greek words, signifying hair and a flower.
£Jrn. guar.— Male calyx aone leafed perianth, five-toothed ; corolla five-parted,
(ciliate, with'long branching hairs j stamens three filaments; anthers a cylin Iric

erect

5K07? TORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 375

l

erect body creeping up and down ; the pistil has three styles. Female calyx and.
corolja as in the male ;, the pistil bus an oblong germ, a trifid style, and oblong
stigmas ; the pericarp an oblong- three-celled pome ; seeds many, compressed}
obtuse, coated. One species has beei! found in Jamaica.

AMAUA.

Fbtiis denticulitis, guandogue tri'obis, hiiandoque conlitis, fruciu
sub -rot undo minori. Browne, p. 351.

Pomes turbinate-ovate.
Stems very slender, smooth, preen, angular, flexije; joints about two inches dis-
tant, with very slender long tendrils, a leaf and often a flower at each ; leaves not more
than an inch in length, cul, roughish, with small ash-coloured spots and numerous dots
scan i on the upper-surface, on petioles an inch in length. Flowers white,

fringed ; fruit in form of a pear, four or five inches long, about an inch and a half
thick, smooth, greenish, with longitudinal stiipes, of somewhat a brighter colour;
' ry white and bitter ; seed abundant, longish, narrow, of a dusky soot ash-colour.
/.'-.y. Browne says this plant is a native of Jamaica, and grows in the coolest parts of'
New Liguanea. It grows commonly in other parts of Jamaica, and is said to be poison-
ous, Mr, A. Robinson ,ays it was used to destroy rats.

SijAfiE-WooD — See Buck-Thorn and Trumpet -Trek
S»nap- Dragon — See Spirit- Leaf.

I

SNOW-BERRY, or DAVID's ROOT. CHIOCOCd.

Ct. 5, or. I. — Pentandria monogynia. . Nat. or. — Aggregate.

The generic name is composed of die Greek words for snow and berry.

Gen. char. — Calyx- a five toothed, superior, permanent, perianth: corolla morco-
petaiuus funnel-form, tube long -spreading, border five parted"; divisions equal,
acute, reflected; stamens five filaments, filiform* .length of the corolla-; with, ob-
long erect anthers : the pistil has an inferior, roundish; compressed, germ ; a
filiform style, the length of the stamens ; and a simple obtuse stigma : the peri-
carp is a roundish compressed berry, crowned with the calyx, two-celled; seeds
two, . rounuish, compressed, distant.

RACEMOSA. RACEMEDi

Jrfsminum forte, folio myrtino, alioru m aaminimlo re sttsfentan ! f!.crc~
albican'? racemosa. Sioane, v. 2. p. 97. t. 188, f 3 Sani.entaset
foliis myrtineis oppc-ritk, spick plurimis tvnuissimis et terminalibus
et ex alis suprewiis. Browne, p. 1(>4.

Scandent, leaves broad-lanceolate, flowers lateral, panicle raceme d, one stipu-
Jar tooth.

Stem a fathom in height and more, with smooth loose branches, spreading out hori-
zontally; leaves petioled, opposite, oblong, acuminate, nerved, glittering on the up-
j>er surface, and smooth; stipules minute, acuminate, within the petioles. Racemes

axillary;-'

175 II OUT US JAMAICENSIS IxsSW

axillary, opposite to the brainblets, loose, simple, or subdivide], scarcely longer than ,
the leaves, many-flowered ; flowers. pedui*eled, usually in pairs, directed one way, pale
yellow : calyx small ; tube of the corolla ventricose, slightly five-cornered, border five
cleft; segments ovate, acute, spreading: filaments short, f'rofti the bottom of tlie co-
rolla, villose ; anthers linear, the length of the verifcriose tube ; style thickening toward!
the top ; stigmas two, blunt; berry snow-white ; seeds two, oblong acuminate-. This
plant is very nearly allied to tbe genus psychojrra ; but it differs not Only in the manner
of flowering, which is always in a raceme, but also in the form of the corolla, the berry,
and tlie seeds. — Sw.

This plant grows very common in the lower hills of Jamaica, especiallj' those between
Spanish-Town and St. Faith's ; it begins to branch immediately above the root, rises
by many shoots and slender tuigs, from four to seven or eight feet, sometimes more;
but,, when so luxuriant, it requires 1 1 be supported by some of the neighbouring shrubs,
without which it would not be able to stand. The flower-spikes are very slender and
numerous towards the top of the branches, and shcot from them as uell as from the ahe
of the upper leaves, or lesser branches ; the berries-are of a snowy colour, and loose
texture, very numerous, and of a round but somewhat compresseS figure, each contain-
ing two compressed seeds.

The root of the plant has much the same bitter acrid taste with the seneka, snake root,
and has been a long time used as a strong resolutive and attenuant in those colonies. I
have known it administered with great success in obstinate rheumatisms, and oid vene-
real taints ; nor is it entirely useless even in Jthe*jr/H>/a ventosa monly called bone-
ache. I have frequently observed very stubborn complaints ea sometimes removed
by the continued use of this, and a '^w mercurial alterants ; but it is best used in ciecoc-
tious, which may be made either stronger or weaker, or impi ed with other ii
clients, as occasion, requires. The smaller the plant grows, the more sharp and biting
the root is, and consequently the better — B

Browne also mentions a variety of this sprues, which he calls the climbing snOwberr
ry, scandals tormatis temiissimis i t n$is. This grew to a considerable height

among trees, and threw down some of its slender twigs again to the ground ; the leaves
very like the foregoing. Swartz also observed this plant, and says Hie leaves are smal-
ler, sub-convex, somewhat rigid, and glittering ; the racemes short and simple ; the
corollas a little larger, pale-coloured, but purple at the corners.

SNOW-DROP-TREE. CIIIONAMTHUS.

Cl. 2. or. 1. — Diandria mono^ynia. Nat. or. — Sepiariee.
This generic name is derived from the Greek words for snow and a flower.
,-Cen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed four-parted perianth; corolla quadrifid, monope-
talous, funnel-form, with the divisions very long; stamens two short filaments
with co.idate anthers ; the pistil has an ovate germ, a simple style, and an obtuse
.stioma; the pericarp a round drupe, one-celled; seed a striated nut. Swartz
;found one species of this gee. us in Jamaica.

INCRASSATA 1NCRASSATED.

Panicles axilla^, trichotomous; all the flowers distinct ; anthers obtuse.

This

Soapberr? HORTUS JAMAICENSI9. 17?

Tliis grows from five to six feet high; leaves opposite, glabrous, pointed ; petafc>
white, concave, ending in a thread ; calyx glabrous.

SOAP-BERRY TREE. SAPINDUS.

Cl. 8, or. 1. — Octandriamonogynia. Nat. or. — Trihilata,

€en. cbau. — See Licca Tree, v. 1, page 443.

SAP0NAR1A. SOAPBERRY.

Prunifera racemosa, folio alata, costa media membranulis atrinquc.

eitantibus donatu, fractu saponario. Sloane, v. 2, p. 131. Folds

oblongis, xix pctiolatis, per cobtum ample alatam dispositis. Browne,
p. 206.

Unarmed, leaves pinnate, leaflets lanceolate, rachis winged.

Mr. Anthony Robinson, after examining, he says, two forenoons with a microscope,
describes the characters of this plant as follow, differing considerably from the general
characters of the genus : The calyx is a perianth, consisting of five subovate, concave,
and deciduous, green little leaves, placed scale-fashion, two of which are exterior and
less than the interior ones ; corolla five lanceolate petals, equal, with fimbriated mar-
gins, longer than the cup ; nectarium eight flat glands, of a triangular make, placed
vertically, and forming a salver ; the germ trilobous, extremely small, and placed in
the centre of^be nectarium ; the style short and simple ; stamens eight equal subula-
ted filaments, hairy, longer than the petals, and placed round the nectarium ; an-
thers five, didymous, and prolific, the other stamens bearing three barred triangnlar
glands. It blossoms in the latter end of the year.

This rises with a woody stem from twenty to thirty feet high, about the thickness of
■the human thigh, covered with an ash-coloured bark, sending out branches towards the
top, garnished with winged leaves, composed of three, four, or five, pairs of spear-
shaped leaflets, which are from three to four inches long, and an inch and a quarter
broad in the middle, drawing to a point at both ends. The midrib has a membrana-
ceous or leafy border running on each side from one pair of the leaflets to the other,
which is broadest in the middle between the leaflets; they are of a pale green colour,
and pretty stiff. The flowers are produced in loose spikes at the ends of the branches,
small and white, making no gieat appearance.; they are succeeded by oval berries, as
large as middling cherries, sometimes single, sometimes two, three, or four, are joined
together ; they have a saponaceous skin or cover, inclosing a very smooth roundish nut
of the same form, and shining black when ripe. This tree is common in all the south
side hills in Jamaica. Browne says " the seed-vessels of this plant are very detersive
and acrid ; they lather freely in water, and are frequently used instead of soap ; for a
few of them will cleanse more linen than sixtj times their weight of that composition;
but they are rather too sharp and observed to corrode or burn linen in time, and the
water in which the tops or leaves have been steeped or boiled is observed to have the
same quality in some degree. The seeds are round and hard, take a fine polish, and
are frequently made into buttons. The whole plant, especially the seed capsules, be-
7ng pounded, and steeped in ponds, rivulets, or creeks, are observed to intoxicate and
lill fish." The seeds pounded and infused for some time in proof spirit, the mixture is

Vol. II. Z used

1*8 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. sounder

is often used as an embrocation for the removal of rheumatic pains ; if thus bruised and
steeped in water, for poultry to drink, they are said to prevent them from having the yaws.
In Lewis's Materia Medica, it is said, " that this fruit is a medicine of singular and spe-
cific virtue in chlorosis, and that a tincture or extract is preferable to the berry in sub-
stance, whence it may be presumed, that the soapy matter is dissoluble in spirit. Its.
medicinal virtues were first published bv M'arloe, in a letter to Mr. Boyle."

They are so called because thecistus or skins that inclose these berries lather in water^
a. : scour like soap. When the hollow cistus or membrane is taken away, there ap-
pears a round, smooth, black berry, of which formerly they made buttons in England.
This tree very much resembles the common English ashen-tree in bigness, colour of
bark, and shape of the leaf ; but much differing in the fruit, which is a black round
berry, of the rigness of a marble, contained in a skin looking and feeling like a dried
bladder, very tough, and- which doth not stick close to the berry, but seems to have fc"
space or hollowness all round, which is so tough that you can hardly with your fingers
separate one from the ether. These skins, soaked in water, and rubbed with your-
hands, will lather and wash, or scour, as well as any soap, and have no smell. The
mood is no lasting timber. I have been told, that the ashes of this tree will spoil a-
great quantity of other ashes for scouring or making potash; which seems strange,..
tlu re being such a soapy or scouring quality in the fruit of it. — Barnam, p. \~i.

The sapindus edulis, or Litchi Plurri w;is introduced into Jamaica in,177-i.

HtX LlLVA TltEE.

No English Ndmej SOLAXDRA,

Cl. 5. or. 1. — Pentandria monojfynia. Nat. or.

This was so named in honour of D. C- Solander, a Swede, and disciple of Linnet^
who accompauyed Sir Joseph Banks round the world.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one- leafed perianth, large, angular, permanent, three or five-
cleft.; segments lanceolate, erect: corolla one-petalud, funiiel-Ioi.n, very large,
tube bell-shaped, ventneose, a Ut tie shorter than the calyx ; border rive-clertj
segments -roundish, waved, patulous: stamens five filiform ri. anient*, length of
the tube, ascending at the top ; anthers oblong, versatile: the pistil has a supe-
rior oval germ, a fiitforni style, longer than the stamens, bent in ; stigma obtuse,
bifid, segments ovate; the pericarp an oval berry, conical at top, smooth, f^ur-
ceiled ; seeds very numerous, oblong, nestling. Tin re is only one species.

CRANDIFLORA. GREAT-FLOW KKtD.

This is a small tree from twelve to twenty feet high, with a branching trunk, and a
cloven ash-coloured bark, green within; the wood is spongy; the branches are
loose, bent down, divaricating, very long; the leaves are in clusters towards the ends
of the branchlets, obovate-oblong, acute, quite entire, smooth, thickish, and some-
what succulent, from three to seven inches in length, on round smooth petioles, rive
times- shorter than the leaves. Flowers terminating, subsessile, subsolitary, very large;
peduncles very short, thick, round, smooth, one-flowered; calyx from two to three
inches long, snb-quinquefid, as the fruit ripens bursting to the base into three or the
segments; tube of the corolla greenish white ; border ten times shorter than the tube^.
patulous, pale ilesh-coluur, somewhat irregular, veined, the opening four inches in

character^.

soch HOttTUS JAMATCENSIS. 171

diameter; segments wide, very bluntly waved, crenulate at the edge, almost equa<f,
the upper ones being scarcely larger. Filaments inserted into the base of the tube, yel-
low ; anthers large, ferruginous ; germ smooth ; style ascending at the top and yellow ;
lobes of the stigma roundish, green; very often the size of a hen's egg, but thicker
fcelow, acuminate with the permanent base of the style, smooth, and even, white,
pulpy, and red within ; seeds black. The very handsome sweet flowers appear in the
months of January and February ; the fruit ripens in August, and is of a sweet sub-
acid flavour. Native of Jamaica, on very large trees, or in the fissures of rocks, scan-
dent, and sub-parasitical, and is known there by the name of peach-coloured trumpet-
flower. — Swartz. The following curious circumstance is related in Dr. Smith's Intro-
duction to Botany : " The solandra grandiflora, a Jamaica shrub, was for a number of
years cultivated in the English stoves, and propagated extensively by cuttings, each]
-plant growing many feet in length every season, from abundance of moisture and nou-
rishment, without shewing any sign of fructification At length a pot of the solandra
was accidentally left without water in the dry stove at Kevv ; and, in consequence of this,
unintentional neglect, the luxuriant growth of its branches was greatly checked, and a
flower came forth at the extremity of each. By a similar mode of treatment the same
effect has been frequently produced.

SoitrcEi., CLtMftfere — See Climbing Sorrel.
Sorrel, India - — See Indian Sorrel.
Sorrel Rose — See Rose, Wild.
Sorrel, Switch — See Switch Sorrel.
Sorrel Vine — See Vine-Sorrel,
Sorrel, Wood — See Wood-Sorrel.
Sour Grass — See Mountain Grass.

SOUR AND SWEET SOPS. ANNONA.

Cl. 13, or. 7. — Polyandr ia poli/gynia. Nat. or. — Ccadunatx.

<5en. Char. — See Alligator Apple, v. 1, page 11.

1 MURICATA. ROUGH.

Annona maxima, toliis latis splendentibus fructu maximo virit/i co*
nnide, tuberculin sen spiny/is innocentibusaspr.ro. Sloane, v. 2, p.
166, t. 225. Foliis oblongo ovatis nitidis, fructibus spinis mollibus
tumentibus obsitis. Browne, p. 255.

Leaves oval -lanceolate, smooth, acute ; fruits muricate ; petals ovate, the in-
terior ones obtuse, shorter.

The sour sop is a middle sized tree, rarely above twelve or fourteen feet high, ur at
most twenty. Trunk upright, with stiff, round, smooth, branches, and a brownish
ash- coloured bark. Leaves petioled, alternate, sparse, oblong, acuminate, entire,
shining, firm, stiffish ; petioles short. Peduncles axillary, solitary, thick, longer thaa
the petioles, one-flowered. Flowers coriaceous, yellow. Calyx one-leafed, triangular-
[ corolla tliree-petaled, petals acuminate, thick, concave, coriaceous, smooth, scabrous
on the outside, pale green. Nectary three-leaved, leaflets alternate with the petals,

Z 2 only

188 HO TITUS JAMATCENSTS. fW|

only half the size, subcordate, smooth, convex, yellow. Filaments scarcely any&
anthers rather peclicelled, sub-obovate, bivalve, whitish; styles very short, crowcetL
together into a conical form; stigmas oblique, hirsute alter flowering time. Beiry
difForm, cordate-oblong, muricate with prickles, bowed buck, fleshy; seeds qbiong,
black, with a lateral scar of a different colour, placed in a ring The_ smell and uste
of the fruit, flowers, and whole plant, resemble very much those of black currants.
There is a variety of it in Jamaica with inodorous leaves, larger Howers, of a hiivous
colour, and spherical mucronate fruits. — Swaitz, The pulp of tins fruit, which grows-
to the size of a bullock's heart, is soft, white, and of a sour-sweeush taste, intermixed
with oblong dark-coloured seeds. It grows very commonly even in the savannas in
Jamaica. The Indian name of this tree is suir sack. This fruit is conquered of a cool-
ing and agreeable nature, but is the less esteemed on account of its being so common.
Taken on an empty stomach it has been known to cure obs'iuate lntermittents. A de-
coction of the roots is given in Guadaloupe as a cure for the poison ot fish. Being re-.
duced to powder, the root snuffed up the nose, Grainger says, produces the same .. r-
fect as tobacco ; and, taken by the mouth, the Indians pretend it is a specific m tne
rpilepsy. The leaves are commonly thrown into fowl-houses for the purpose or destroy-
ing fowl-lice. Sloane says, " when they are unripe, and about the bigness ot turnips,
if so dressed they eat like" them. Of the unripe fruit pressed is made a wine, which is.
as clear as water, and is good for fluxes and cankers m childn ns mouths. The leaves,
infused, according to Piso, or burned and mixed with oil, being rubbed into an apos-
tfaeme, ripens, opens, and heals it."

2. SQUAM.MOSA. SCALY.'

jjnnonafoliis edoratis minor ibus, fructu ennnride squammesa parv*
<hrfci. Sloane, v. 2, p 168, t. 227. Foliis obltmgo-ovatis undula-
tis venosis, floribus tripetalis trmtibus mamilldtis. Browne, p. 256.

Leaves oblong, acute, smooth; fruits obtusely scaled, outer petals lanceolate,
inner ones minute.
The sweet sop, or s»igar-apple tree, grows only about eight feet in height, and is
frequently rather a shrub ; the trunk is smooth, and the branches spreading and round ; .
leaves alternate, acuminate, entire, nerved, smooth on both sides, glaucous on the
back; petioles short, round, smooth, thickened at the base. Flowt-rs peduncled,
usually in pairs, oblong, acuminate, green without, whitish within ; peduncles below
the petioles, longer, one-flowered. Calyx one-leafed, triangular; petals three, lan-
ceolate, triquetrous, plane-convex without, sharp at the top, excavated within at the
base, dark purple, smooth; no nectar)'; filaments scarcely any; anthers imbricate,
placed close to the gerln, obtuse, two-valved ; styles short, thick, imbricate ; stigmas
oblong, oblique; berry oval; scales adnate, roundish, blueish, resembling sub-im-
bricate teats ; seeds flatted a little, black, with' a white scar on the side, wrapped in a
succulent cottony substance. — Swartz. This tree is also common in the savannas and
lowlands of Jamaica. Tli ! fruit when ripe becomes purplish, and hath a sweet wnitish
pulp, which is much esteemed by those who are fond of fruit where the sweet prevails ;
and, when full ripe, is said to be cooling and laxative. The leaves have an agreeable
scent, when rubbed ; Barham says that one of them laid on pillows or beds will draw
all the bugs to it, so as you mav get rid of them. Sloane observes " that the leaves
beaten, putting salt to them, make a poultice, winch put on malignant tumours, power-
ful^

*Btf-TmsTTE IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 131

folly ripens them. The unripe fruit, boiled with a little ginger, in fair water, cures
the vertigo."

See Alligator- Apple, Cherimoya, Custard Apple, and Nutmeg, American,

SOUTH-SE\ ROSE, NERIUM.

Cl 5, or. 1. — Pentandria monopynia. Nat. or. — Contorts.
€x£N. char. — Calvx acutely five-parted, small, and permanent ; corolla monope-
talous and funnel shaped, a short <\ lindric tube having the upper part divided into
five broad obtuse oblique segments, and a coronated nectanum terminating the
tube : stamens very short awl-shaped filaments ; anthers arrow-pointed and con-
nivent, germen roundish and bifid ; style cvlindiic*; stigma truncated; pericar-
piuin long, acuminated, univalvular, pods furnished with numerous oblong
seeds, placed imbricated, and covered with down.

oleander.

Foliis lanceolatis verticilliter Urnatis,fiwe quandoque pleno. Browne,
p. 181.

Leaves linear-lanceolate, in threes, transversely nerved underneath, calycine
leaflets sqjuarrose, nectaries flat, three-cusped.
This rises by several stalks to the height of eight or ten feet. The branches come
out by threes round the principal stalks, and have a smooth bark, which in the variety
with red flowers is of a purplish colour, but in the unite of a ligtit green. The leaves
for the most part stand by threes round the stalks, upon very short pedicels and point
upwards ; they are three or four inches long and three quarters of an inch broad in the
middle, of a dark green colour, very stiff and end in acute points. The flowers come
out at the ends of the branches, in large loose bunches, of a bright purple, crimson,
or dirty white, colour, in the varieties. Jn warm situations this plant ripens its fruit
and makes a fine appearance ; in cold wet situations the flowers often decay without
opening. The leaves of the plant are acrid and poisonous. Oil, in which th<-\ are in-
fused, is recommended in the itch and other cutaneous disorders, in preference to
mercurial preparations, for children and delicate constitutions. — Mat tyii's Miller.
Antidotes against the poison of this plant are vinegar and all acids. The plant is some-
times iounU with double flowers.

Southern-Wood — See Wormwood.

SOW-THISTLE. 80NCHUS".

Cl. 19, or. 1. — Syngenesia polygamia '•qualis. Nat. on. — Commute,

Gen. char. — Common caivx imbricate, ventricose; corolla compound, imbricate,
uniform • corollets hermaphrodite, numerous, equal : stamens five, capillary, very
short; anthers cylindrical, tubular ; the pistil has a sulfate germ; a Siifornv

stj.!©,.

W2 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. apASisn

Style, the length of the stamens, and two reflexed stigmas ; there is no pericarp;
calyx converging into a depressed acuminate globe; seeds solitary, oblongisb ;
down capillary, sessile ; receptacle naked.

AGROSTIS. FIELD.

Sonchus lavis, Sloane, v. 1, p. 235. Foliis ciliatis obtusis, varie eC
piotunde sinuatis. Browne, p. 311.

Peduncles tomentose, many-flowered, calyxes smooth, stem striated, leaves
gash serrate, sessile.

"Root fusiform, fibrous, milky, whitish externally. Stem from one to three feet
#rigb, upright, branched, smooth, tender, brittle, hollow, leafy, sometimes purplish.
Leaves embraci rag, smooth, rucinate, or pinnatifid, with the lobes acute, and more or
•Jess toothed or spiny, of a green colour above, paler below. Peduncles axillary and
terminating, forming a sort of cyme, with a soft lanugo which quickly falls ofi". Calyx,
before flowering cylindrical and truncate, afterwards bellying out at bottom and forming
a cone, scales smooth and pointed. Corolla pale yellow ; seed oblong, flattened, an-
gular, grooved, somewhat rugged, notch-letted; seed down very fine and smooth;
receptacle rugged with little prominent points, and shining. — Cur-tis. A, though
Swartz has made a different species of this from the pleracea, or common sow-thistle
of 'Europe, yet the description agrees so exactly that both sloane and Browne consi-
dered it as the same. It is very common in all parts of Jamaica, where it i~ generally
made use of as food for hogs, of which they areverj fund, as well as are rabbits. Brogue
cays it is an excellent ingredient in all cooling, diuretic, and aperitive, apuzems.

Spanish Arbour Vine — See Indian CuEF.riia.

Cal.alue — See Pokeweed.

- — —— Elder — See Pepper EldcR.

SPANISH ELM, or PRIXCEWOOD. COIIDIA.

Cl. 5, or. 1. — Pentandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Asperifolia.
Gen. char. — See Clammy Cherry, v. I, p. 197.

GERASCANTIIUS.

Jferfo afitiis arbor, vesiculora malcrie, laurifolio lucid.-', fiorc pci;faw~
taloide sulphureo amplo. Sloane, v. 2, p. 63, t. 183, f. 2. foiiit
ovafo-jab/ongis, utruujiie productis, racemis tenmnalibus. Browne,
p. I'U, t. 29, f. 3.

Leavesrlanceolate ovate, scabrous, panicle terminating ; calyxes ten striated.
Stem and branches unarmed, patulous, round, smooth ; leaves petioled, scattered,
acuminate, entire, veined, especially behind, smooth. Panicles large, composed of
patulous, alternate, trichotomous, many-flowered, branch lets ; the la>.t pedicels.tb.ree-
flowered. Fiowers rather large, veined, permanent, shrivelling; calyx tubular, five-
toothed, ten -striated ; tube of the corolla spreading towards the opening, the bottom
jaectareous ; border live-cleft, segments blunt emirc ; filaments fastened to the corolla

from

SPaotsh HOUTUS JAMA IC EN SI Si 183'

i

from tiie base to the middle ; anthers incumbent, linear, yellow; j»errn oblong ; style'
shorter than the stamens, dichotomous ; stigmas, blunt, yellow. — Swarts.

This grows to be a very large and stately tree. Its wood is of the softness and grain*
of elm, whence its name, having many undulated light brown or grey lines in it, mak-
ing a pleasant shew, which induced the cabinet-makers to call it prince wood T,iese
lines are the interstices between the yearly circles of the tree. The bark js ash co-
loured, very smooth, having no asperities The leaves beset the ends of the branches,
smooth, and fresh green. The flowers stand several together, of a white then a sulphur
colour, and are very odoriferous, continuing on -the tree till the fruit falls oil". When
this tree is young it makes good hoops. — Stoane.

This tree grows in many parts of Jamaica, and is generally esteemed as one of the-
best timber woods of the island,; it rises to a considerate height, but seldom exceeds
twenty or thirty inches in diameter, especially in the lowlands, where it is most com-
mon : it is pretty much branched towards the top, and furnished with oblong nervous
leaves ; the flowers are very while and grow in great numbers at the ends of tho
branches ; but, as the germen grows larger, they fade, ami turn of a d.irk or dirty
brown colour, and continue upon the tree until the whole fruit, which seldom grous
to a. perfect state, falls off.' — Browne. Long says an oil is extracted Ironi this tree, not
inferior to Rhodium, having the same scent, use, and virtues.

YVe have a tree in Jamaica called Spanish elm, which hath a very sweet plea'.mt-
smell, almost like a rose. This tree is very common, and known to most inhabitants
in Jamaica. The coopers make hoops ol the young ones for sugar hogsheads. The
heart of it is a very fine veiny wood, and would be of great use to joiners for cabinet^
"The. oil is nut inferior to rhodium, having the same tue and virtues. — Barham, u. j7«.

SPANISH NETTLE. BIDEN*.

Cl. 19, orc. r. — Syngenesia polygamid a quails Nat. or —Composite.
This generic name was given on account of the sttvis terminating in two teeth, or*"

Gen cur. — Calyx imbricate, erect; corolla sometimes, but seldom, with a flos-
cole or two in the ray ; coroliules lunu. rodite ; stamens five; the pistil ha m
oblong germ, a simp! ■■ , ml two stigmas ; seeds solitary, crowned with t .»

br'more scabrous o.w ns ; i v. Four species, oith.is.jjcn us ar •,^.t,^g

of Jamaica.

BIPINNATa? D UffLY pinna tt.

Stem? and b ran hes ri ' -~

TV is plan; grows from on • . -T

feranc .ies, lea> es in thrt -s on
acuminate, withdong points, the id
peduncles' axillar, . rmin iwsred,

yellow; calyx.su i-inil teor doubl . 6ut< ■ • i ea .. .... „

(ten membranaceou 'o . ; the coroll 'r at .l\ >.u

two or, th rev b?.i • :. I ; re itaci< flat, , ■, h"

fcwncd, by which the£ stick to ahj^ miii^ that-fcttUae* Uuiui. i'lui t, j*a ^ »o.., ,-....v

a*

1M IIOBTUS JAMAICENSIS. st-avts*

in all its parts, and has a fibrous root, easily quitting its hold of the ground ; it is called
in Jamaica, Spanish nettle, and is very common, especially in the mountains, where
it becomes a must troublesome weed, from the multitude of its seijds, and the quick-
ness of its growth, as it vegetates and perfects its seed in six weeks time, when it soon
after withers and flies away. The fields on which it is allowed to seed a few lays after a
shower of rain appar covered with a green and beautiful verdure, like a bed of parsley.
Cuttle and hor.ses are verv fond of this plant. The decoction of the leaves, about a
handful in a common teapot, drank frequently is said to be good for a strangury or
stoppage ot urine. Boiled and eaten as a green, they are said to be good for the dux.
The expressed juice, about a tea spoonful, with two or three grains of salt, dropped
into the eyes, removes dimness and films.

2. SCANDENS. SCANDENT.

Stijpruciicosus, vimineus ; foiiis oldongo-oxatis, oppositis ; JJoribus co-
mosis. Browne, p. 317.

Leaves opposite, ovate-acuminate, serrate; stem climbing, shrubby; flowers
panicled, ovate.

Stem round and somewhat rugged ; branches long, round, divaricate ; leaves pe-
• tioled, somewhat angular at the base, nerved, wrinkled, dark green, smooth on both
.sides; nerves beneath subvillose. Peduncles terminating, opposite, decussated ; flowers
pedunded, white, ovate, or conical. Calyx conical, with ovate, acute, minute, scales;
border of the corollets recurved; anthers black ; pollen fulvous ; seeds wedg&shaped,
oblong, crowned with two awns ; chaffs of the receptacle arched at the tip, including
the-flojrets, keeled at the back Native of Jamaica in the cooler mountains. — Szcarti.
Browne calls it the weakly shrubby bidens, rising five or six feet, or more, but requir-
ing the support of the neighbouring bushes.

Vj. HIRSUTA. IlAlRY.

Conu:<7 frutkosa, Jolio hasla'o ,• Jlorc pallidc purpurea. Sloane, v. 1,
p. 25 7.

Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, entire, tomentose, hirsute, stem climbino-
shrubby; peduncles opposite, divcrgimg, many-flowered.

1 This by a large woody stem, rises seven feet hi',; h, bark whitish, branches quadran-
gular and opposite. Leaves at the ends of the twigs, an inch and a half long and an
inch broad at the base, hairy; and odoriferous. Peduncles axillary, leafv, supporting
the flowers, each on its own peduncle, of a pale purple colour, standing close together ,
seeds small, oblon'g, striated, of a light brown colour, with several awns- Sloane savs
this herb i-> accounted an admirable vulnerary, being beaten and applied to the wound.

4 NIVEA. SNOWY.

Leaves simple, cordate-ovate, acuminate; branches trichotomous, serrate;
hemispherical, peduncles i in ;ated.
Stem two feet high, branched very much, bluntly four-cornered, upright, some-
what rugged; branches oppos sated, patulous, four-cornered, rugged ; leaves
opposite, nerved, wrinkled, and rugged, on longish petioles. Terminating branches
irichotomous, elongated ; the final peduncles longer, with solitary, hemispherical,
white flowers ; florets numerous ; i-ca'es of the c.,l\ \ ovate, convex, pubescent, short< i
than the chaffs of the florets, which are very many ; anthers biueish ; seeds oblong,

acuminate

ePAtfisii HORTUS JAMAICENSIS 184

acuminate at the base> truncate at the top, four-cornered, crowned with three very-
short bristles ; chaffs on the receptacle oblong, flat, sharp, membranaceous-, longer
than the calyx, after flowering rigid, patulous. Native of Jamaica, in elevated pas-
tures, and on the sea coast of the southern parts. Swartz.

SPANISH PLUM. SPONDIAS,

Cl. 10, or. 4. — Deeandria Pentagynia. Nat. ok. — Terebintaccx*

Gen. CHAK. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, sub-cainpanulate, small, five-cleft, co-
loured, deciduous; corolla five oblong, flat, spreading, petals; stamens ten awl-
shaped filaments, erect, shorter than the corolla, alternately longer; anthers ob-
long; the pistil has an ovate germ, five short, distant, erect, styles, and obtuse
stigmas; the pericarp is an oblong drupe, large, marked with five dots, from the
fulling of the styles, ten-valved ; seed an ovate woody nut, fibrous, five-cornered,
five-celled, covered with a fleshy elastic aril. Two species are natives of- Jamaica.

1. MOMB1X.

■Mjjrobolanus minor, folio fraxini alato, fructit, purpurco, ossiculo
magno fibroso. Sloane, v. 2, p. 126, t. 219, f. i. 4. 5. Diffusa, fo-
liis plurimis minoribus pinnatis, penna comprcssa sulcata, fioribus
■pr.ecocibus. Browne, p. 228.

Leaves with the common petiole compressed.

This is an ugly tree, sometimes thirty feet high, but varying much in height ; the
bar': is thick, and the wood whitish and brittle; trunk upright; branches thick and ir-
regular. Leaves pinnate, alternate, at the ends of the branches, falling off, especial-
ly when the fruit is ripening; leaflets sub-ovate, entire, veined, on very short petioles,
varying in size, about ten on each side, with an odd one. Racemes short, placed with-
out order, often pretty closely, on the branches ; but instead of these there are some-
times peduncles with one, two, or more, flowers; these are small and red ; the seg-
ments of the calyx blunt, roundish, concave; the petals blunt, and concave at the
end ; stigmas simple. Rind of the fruit purple, yellow, or variegated with both ;
pulp sweet, slightly acidulated, yellow, thin, having a singular, but tut unpleasant,
taste, and a sweet smell. It varies in form, being oblong, sub-ovate, very blunt at the
end, or with adarge appendix there. The seed scarcely ever ripens, but it is so easily
increased by cuttings, that if a branch laden with,young fruit be set in the ground it
will grow, and the fruit will soon come to maturity. Hence, in St. Domingo, they
make hedges of the boughs, which flower and bear fruit in a few months. If the tree
beheaded, it pushes out very long upright branches, with numerous leaves scattered
the whole length, and puts on an appearance so different as hardly to be known for the
same tree. Jacqicin. The Spanish plum-tree is small and spreading, its foliage of a
dark gloomy green colour, and generally begins to shoot as the blossoms fall. There
is a variation of this plum, called the leather-coat, from the appearance of its skin ;
but this proceeds from the dry soil in which it is produced. Tins, as well as the hog-
plum, and Jamaica plum, the silk-cotton-tree, and some other American plants, ve-
getate so easilv, that a limb or branch stuck into the ground seldom fails tu shoot uo
anew, and generally appears in a few weeks supplied with roots and leaves like the p~-
Vol. II. A a rent

J*i HO-ll-TUS JAMAICENSIS. sp^mcJi

i 'ni stalk. It is remarkable that in this, and many other American baceiferous plants,
the cup Stands under the germen, the embrio is always surrounded by a fleshy
... . , which swells as that increases', and forms the. pulp gradually about it. Browne.
This is sometimes called purple hog-plum-tree.

1. MYKOUALAM/S.

,V ' '■'anus, folio fraxini alato fructu lutro, ossiculo ma gno fibrosa.
Sioane, v. 2, p. 125, t.219, f. l, _\ Foliis plurimis pnmatis ova-,
lis, racemis terminalibus, cortict interne rubenti. Browne, p. -_-.'.
Petioles round, I tuning acumjina,te.

This is a t Iti '. w '"li a wi I branching head; bar-kash-coloured and full of clefts;
cj whitish, smooth, not durable, fit only, for.Tud and making stoppers. Leaves
... mat , " - i ■ . -. with a round. rib, a fuot long; leaflets for. the most

part eight, with an odd one;, cyat;e-oblong, ending i'n a biuntppini, smooch, nuite
entire, pe ioli d, them oes aboul i :s long, the others shorter. ita-

ly panicle ■■ yeljow, length of the leaves, tern .. ing; flowers

very numcrou , small, whitish, and sessile. Calyx five-toothed, acuminate ; petals
sub-lanceolate, acute, spreading very much; anthers erect ; stigmas compressed and
bilamellate. V ery fen fi sneceed this abundance of flowers in each raceme. They
.,..• . How with sometimes a slight mixture of redness, sweet smelling, covered with a
thin skin, the size of a pig< on's egg, having within a little succulent acidulous pulp,
and a very large nut ; eaten by some, and making an excellent fo id for hogs. As the
branches or cuttings grow so readily, it is u; ime for he • . fid they are fre-

quently planted in pastures to afford shade. Jacquin. Browne observes, that the fila-
ments stand uprightj and grow in an even circular order round the germ ; the styles
always four, compressed and enlarged at the top. This is called the Jamaica or
l > plum-tr 'e, which blossoms in March and the fruit is ripe in August.

is called the he:. -plum-tree, and is a larger tree than any of the rest, having
a large yellow plum, • ith a rankish smell, but a pleasant tart taste. The hogs

i . upon them, they are called hog-plums ; shei eed upon. them .when fal-

len to the ground. In the year 1716, after a severe fever had left me, a violent in-
flammation, pain, and swelling, seized both my legs, with pitting like the dropsy. I
used sew ral things, to no effect. A negro going through the house when I was bath-
ing th on, said, " M tster, I can cure you," which I desired he would; and immedi-
y he brought me hark of tins tw wj.fcb some of the leaves, and bid me bathe with
that. I. then marie a bath of them, which made the water a? red as claret, and very
rough in taste : I kept my legs immersed in the hath as-long as I could, covering them
with a blanket, and then laid myself upon a couch, and had them rubbed very well
with warm napkins ; I thtfn covered them warm, and sweaU d very much ; I soon found
ease, and fell asleep. Jn five or siv times repeating this method, I was perfectly reco-
vered, and had the full strength and use of my legs. Barhaia, p. lis.

The bark of this tree ha- also been recommended as a cure for glandered horses and
jnules, in the following manner : — When the disorder is perceived, bleed plentifully
twice, giving the following mixture every third morning, and confining the beasts in
a close pasture: pound two heads of garlic, cleaned from the trash, add flour of brim-
stone, mustard, and antimony, of each as much as can be taken up on the point of a
full sized table knife, ami three large spoon fulls of sweet oil ; mix these ingredients
with se much decoction of hog-plum bark and ground ivy as will fijl two kirge drench-
ing

5t>i»ER IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS. is?

ing horns. Fumigate them for a few minutes every morning with the nests of wood
■ants and tar.

A reddish or dark brown mucilaginous gum exudes from this tree, when wounded.
The tops boiled in water is good to shave the beard, and for washing, having a good
?scent. The hark in decoction is astringent. ,E<"om a piece of the root cut issues water,
ill.' the water-withe. Sloane.

There is a variety of this tree, with smaller leaves, also very common in Jamaica,
Which both Sloane and Browne have noticed ; but it is difficult to distinguish the' on*;
from ihe other, being so similar in habit, in flower* and in fruit. Sloane says th«
•rood was used for cork.

SPIDER- WORT. TRADESCANTIA.

"Ci.-'fi, or. I. — Hexandriartionogynia. Nat. or. — Ensatee.

This was so named from John Tradescant, who first introduced it into Europe.

Sen. char — Calyx three-leaved, corolla thrce-petaled, stamens six equal filaments
with jointed hairs, anthers kidney-form, the pistil has an ovate germ, a filiform
style, and a three-cornered stigma; the pericarp is an ovate three-celled capsule,
seeds few and angular. Four species are indigenous to Jamaica, and the whole
genus nearly allied to comrndHea.

1. ZANONIA.

Pericli/meum rectum herbacemn, g'efitiame folio, foh ''< caukm

ambient e. sloane, v. 1, p. 243, t. 147, f. 1. Erecta major simplex,
floribus conglomerates pedunculo longiori incictentibus. Br. p. l_>5.

Erect, leaves broad-lanceolate, peduncles lateral solitary, jointed in the middle,
many- flowered, bractes in pairs.

Plant herbaceous, two feet high; stem simple, jointed, round, sheathed, .almost
Saked below, smooth, succulent ; leaves sub-sessile; attenuated at the base, sheathing,
alternate, acuminate, entire, nerved longitudinally, smooth above, pubescent or vil-
lose beneath, almost a foot long1; sheaths ovate, half an inch long, distant from the
stem, membranaceous, nerved, shrivelling, at the edge hirsute, ciliate. Peduneh
opposite to a leaf, round, elongate !, length of the leaves, surrounded at the base with
a sheath, which is cowled, membranaceous, retuse; they are jointedin the middle,
"and at the joint there is an acuminate sheath. Flowers terminating, from six to eight,
white, on very short p :< io Is, which -are clustered, thickened, and unequal ; they gra-
dually erect themselves as they flower, and are again turned back as the flowers go oil',
under each pedicel is a two-leaved involucre, or two bractes, which are opposite, ovate,
acuminate, entire, nerved, rerlexed, smooth. Calyx somewhat pitcher-shaped, tri-
fid at the base ; leaflets ovate, acute, concave, inclosing the corolla. Petals a little
bister than the calyx leaves, ovate-acute, erect, waved at the edge, white or
hyaline; filaments thedength of the petals, villese in the middle, equal; an.thersdbu-
, three-cornered, uniform ; germs oblong, placed on the middle of the calyx ; cap-
sule berried, oblong, three-cornered, when ripe very dark purple, placed obliquely
on the pedicel. Native of the southern parts of Jamaica, s<: mountain woods, flower-
ing in the spring months. Svartz.

A a 2 S MULTIFLORA,

m MORTUS JAMAICENSI9. mvz*

2. MULT1FLORA. MANY-FLOWERED.

Fiect, branched; leaves cordate, ciiiate on t,;e edge and sheaths; peduncles
clustered, axillary ; flowers three-stamened.

From one to two feet high; stem herbaceous, somewhat pointed, round, striated,
fmooth ; branches from the sheaths of the leaves shortish, erect, leaves alternate, ses-
sile, sheathing at the. base, cordate ovate acute, an inch long, somewhat striated with.
longitudinal nerves, smooth on both sides, somewhat filiate on the edge; sheaths short,
ffiib-c\ 'lmdri ■■ or ovate, somewhat ventiicose, membranaceous, striated, ciliate fit the
edge. Peduncles' from the sheaths of the terminating leaves, two or three together,
commonly shorter than the leaves, erect, many-flowered, rough-haired. Flowers ten
to twelve in little umbels, pedicelled, small: pedicels unequal, shorter than the pe-
duncles. There are a few little ciliate bractes at the base of the pedicel-.; calyx -leaves
acute, brownish-greeri, pubescent ; petals less than the calyx, or equal to it, ovate,
white, caducous, filaments three, shorter than the petals; anthers cordate; germ
roundish-three cornered ; style thick, very short; stigmas three, white-villose ; cap-
sule roundish, acuminate, place on the permanent calyx ; seeds solitary, roundkh,
flatted a little, umlilic-ate, hollowed, black. Native of Jamaica m. mountain woods.-
Shorn ts,

3. CORDIFOMA. TIEAKT-LEAVF.IV.

Creeping, filiform, leaves cordate; peduncles. terminating, solitary, many-.
flowered.

Tiiis is a small herbaceous annual plant; radicles numerous, whitish: stem tender,
sheathed, jointed at the base, round, succulent: the brancblets short, coming cut below
the sheaths of the leaves, depressed, ascending, rooting. Leaves subsessile, sheathing at
the base, alternate, small, cordate-ovate, with a very short point, entire^ nerveless,
netted-veineJ, bright green, sub-diaphanous ; sheaths short, surrounding the stem,
filiate at the jaws. Peduncles longer than the leaves, • rect, flowering at the top ;
flowers three to five minute, on short pedicels, clustered in umbellats, with two or
three very minute ovate bractes, ciliate at the edge, under their 1 :;se ; pedicels bent
down after flowering : calyx leaves pubescent, green except the base, which is brown :
petals bigger than the calyx leaves, cordate-ovate, acute, white, caducous ; nectaries
none; filaments very short, uniform, naked at the base, not hairy; anthers twin
pellucid, with roundish cells ; germ roundish-three-cornered, pellucid ; style thickish ;
stigma subcapitate, trifid, pubescent; capsule three-cornered, opening at the top ;
cells two-seeded ; seeds roundish. Native of Jamaica, in moist shady grassy parts of
high mountains; flowering in autumn. — Swartz.

4. DISCOLOR. TWO-COLOUBED.

Stemless, even, bractes equitant compressed, leaves lanceolate, coloured un-
derneath.

Root perennial, vertical, fleshy, knotty ; leaves radical, numerous, embracing each
other, spreading, a foot long, sharpish, entire, fleshy, slightly ribbed, smooth en both
sides, a little downy at the edge of the base, green above, bright purple on the mary
gins a-od under side, the younger ones somewhat channelled; stipules none; stalks
•axillary, four times shorter than the leaves, solitary, erect, simple, rarely divided, a
little compressed, smooth, whitish : external bractes she.athrhke, blightly ribbed, pur-
plish.;

SPIKENARD.. HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. ISSS

jilish, smooth, polished in the inside; of which the lowest are the smallest, thinnest,
embracing the stalk, and alternate ; the uppermost scarcely ever more than two, very
large, forme .1 like a boat, somewhat heart-shaped at the base, embracing each other,
ending in a point; internal bractes scaly, membranous, white, and pellucid, three
times shorter than the Outer ones. Flowers numerous, between the uppermost and ex-
ternal bractes, which they scarcely rise above, separated and enfolded in distinct
clusters by the internal ones, pedicelled, white, short-lived, and scentless. Pedicels
simple, single-flowered, roundish, a little swelled in the upper part, whitish, some-
times green at the top, smooth, polished, curved after flowering. Calyx corolla-like,
whitish, pellucid, smooth; leaflets equal obtuse ; petals a little longer than the calyx, .
and alternate with its leaflets, broad-oval, obtuse, waved at the margin, when faded '
rolled inward ; filaments as long as the corolla, nearly equal, almost erect, white, clothed ,
a little above the base with numerous very slender, white, pellucid, hairs, which are -
most beautifully jointed, like a conferva, and are somewhat shorter than the stamen,
standing nearly erect ; anthers wedge-shaped, vertical, yellow, smooth, entire at the
top, bearing pollen at their orange-coloured edges ; germ superior, roundish, triangu-
lar, smooth, white; style erect, cylindrical, white, and smooth; stigma small, ob-
tuse, rough; capsule scarcely so large as a pea, smooth, turning red ; seeds solitarv,
somewhat kidney-shaped. This plant is noticed in the Hortus Eastensis by Mr. Wiles,
who says he found it at the road side near -Stoney- Hill. It was also found in Jamaica ■
by Mr. Mathew Wallen, who sent the seeds to Europe. It is the species spathacea of
Swartz.

There is in America a plant; that grows very plentifully in watery places, like to the
English phalangium, or spider-wort. These spider, worts are all of the same virtues,
and receive their name from having a peculiar quality to expel the bite or venom of
spiders, which, it is said, they cure infallibly. Some of them grow like water-plan-
tain; some have a leaf like gentian ; some are branching and spreading, others not;
some have deep-purple or bluish flower*, some have white flowers, another a reddish,
or carnation colour ; but most of them soon fade away and spring again, and therefore
have the name of ephemeras. — Barham, p. 177.

SPIKENARD. BALLOTA.

Cl. 14, or. \.~—Dtdynamie gpnnospcrmia. Nat. or. — Verticiltata.
Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, salvershaped, five-toothed, ten sheathed;
corolla monopetalous, ringent, upper lip crenate, concave ; lower trifid ; stamens
four filaments, two shorter ; anthers oblong; the pistil has a quadrifid germ, a fili-
form style, and slender bifid stigma ; no pericarp, calyx unchanged, seeds ovate.
Que species is a native of Jamaica.

SUAVEOLENS. SWEET-SMELLING.

Mentastrum maximum, fore coeruleo, nardi odore. — Sloane, v. 1, p.
171, t, 102, f. 2. llirsutumfoliis eordatis serrato subsinualis, flo-
ribus verticilleter spicatis. — Browne, p. 257, t. 18, f. 3.

Leaves cordate, spikes leafy, calyxes truacate, awns .linear, .

Stein

'£$« EORTUS JAMAICAN SIS. sfriMSAaa

Stem upright, becoming shrubby at bottom, branched, hirsute ; branches somewhat
erect, villose; leaves opposite, roundish, sometimes elliptic, crenate, nerved, vil-
lose ; petioles long, slender, lax. Peduncles axillary towards tiie ends of the
branches, three or live flowered; flowers approximating, blue; calyx ten- sheathed,
villose, viscid, teeth awned, upright, villose ; tube of tiie corolla narrower at the base,
from tiie middle to the opening spreading out; upper lip composed of the two upper,
■erect, lateral segments and the helmet, which is smaller than the segments, ovate,
arched, bent down, keeled above ; lower lip composed of the two lower segments,
which are also bent down ; filaments from the bottom of the tube, standing up above
tiie opening of the corolla, pubescent; anthers blackish; germ ovate; style shorter
than the stamens-; stigma simple, blunt; seeds two, naked, ovate, black, slightly
compressed. There are seldom four seeds. It is an annual plant, and the whole of it
has a very strong smell. — Smarts. The Portuguese call it ei-vatidrier-a, from its smell-
ing somewhat like citron. It grows wild in many parts of Jamaica, especially in the lo-.y
gravelly land about Kingston and OKI- Harbour, where it commonly rises two or three
feet. It is one of the m )st grateful cephalics and alexipharmics of this class of plants,
and may he used with gr< at propriety in most disorders of the nerves and viscera, where
such warm medicines are required. — Browne.

In America grows, in gn at plenty, a most excellent spikenard. Its leaf is in shape
of the balm, but much bigger, and more like the wild horse-mint, with a large squarp
rough stalk, and globulous bead fu all blue flowers. It hath a very strong scent,

like spikenard ; and if j >u squeeze the tops i 1 your hand, a clam ny or oily subsu
will stick to it, and give it a strong scent like the best oil of spike. It is an annual plant,
and m its gr( atest perfi ction about Christmas ; in a little lime after, none of it is to be
seen. It is one of :he greatest provokers of urine and stone-breakers that ever 1 expe-
rienced : I was once sent for to a person that lay i:i a strange condition, like hysteria
fits, who, upon nice inquiry, I fdui much troubled with the stone anil grai ,

1 I, near upon the time of voiding them, used to be so until ■ '. la stone or gra-

vel, and then came out of these fits ; upon which, I I i strong beveraj i iher-

bet, with lem a . s i jar, and a little spirit of vitriol, ami then added an oily spirit made
from this plant, and gave it to her to drink of plentifully like punch, teliie em, that
if it fuddled her it was no matter, ii would d > her n > harm, for she had no l\:v<_-,:
followed my directions, drank plentifully of it, and fell into a sound sleep; and as so i i
as she awaked, made a great quantity of urine, with small stones and gravel ; in a few

, s, there were brought away as many sm ill i as could be held in the hollow part

of i hand-; ami she was free from those fits, n >r ever complained of any gravel or

.stone, as Ion > as she lived after, which was many years. I have often relieve A persons
that have had a total stoppage of urine, and have been in such agonies and pen that
gre; t -.vats and fainting fits have attended them, and death expected every minute,
by their only drinking of the aforesaid conrp siti . which made them evacuate with
great violence and in great quantities, bringing away gravel or slime along with their
Urine, which would smell very strong of. the oily spirit. It also expels . and

drives out all malignancies. Planters give it decocted to the negroes, to drive out the
gmajl-pox, and to con fort the heart, as they call it. The dried herb, given in powder,
expels wind, cures the cholic, and opens obstructions The whole plant makes an ex-
cenc.it bath, to take away aches or pains; an 1 heals ulcer.-.

We have another sort, that is very odoriferous, that grows with a long spike I heal ;
J have seen grow to sis Or seven feet high ; but it is not to oily as the other sort. —
<^$erham, p. 177

2V#

:■*, ■ i: OUT US JAMAICENSrS- rq*

Nb English Name bPILANTHUS

Cr.. i?3 OR. l.—Syngenesia poli/garnia teqmtis. Nat. or.— Composite.

G£N. CHAR. — Common mlyx sub-hemispherical, imbricate; scales lanceolate-linear»
compact, in a double row ; corolla compound, uniform, tubular, conico convex ;
hfliinaphrodite cdrollets numerous, equal ; proper one-petaled, funnel-shaped,
border four or five cleft, reflexed ; stamens four or five capillary I i, short;

anthers cyTmdric, tabular ; the pistil has an oblong compressed germ, a filiform
style the length of the stamens, stigmas two, recurved ; no pericarp, the calyx is
unchanged; seeds.solitary, oblong, compressed-flatj membranaceous margined,
two-awned at the tip, one awn often smaller than the other ; receptacle chaffy co-
ei< al ; chaffs compressed, deciduous. One species has been found in Jamaica.

ULIGINOSUS. BOGGY.

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, crenate ; stem erect, dicUotomous; peduncles termi-
nating, flowers radiate. Snariz.

SPIRIT-LEAF, on SNAP-DRAGOK RUELLIA.

Cl. 1 J., or. I.—Didijnamia angiospermia. Nat. or. — Pasonatas

Gen, char. — See Christmas Pride, vol. i. p. 1S9.

TUnF.ROSA. TUBEROUS.

Gentianella ftore caruleo, integro vasculo seminaK ex humidi confactw
impahenie. Sloane, v. 1, p. 149, t. 9.3, f. 1. Erecta, asphodcli
radices peduntulis tri-parlitis alaribus. Browne, p. 26S.
Leaves ovate cur, a'e, peduncles one-flowered.
Tubus of the root oblong, smooth; stem herbaceous, undivided, upright, from six
inches to a foot in height, four-cornered, smooth, but pubescent at top •, leaves wedge-
fibaped at the base, ovate, nerved, smooth. Peduncles axillary, opposite, spreading,
seldom simple,, commonly three-parted, the length of the leaves, sometimes trichoto-
mous ; flowers large, blue: oapsuje oblong, acuminate; seeds roundish, black — Sw.
Menou weed, spirit weed, or snap-dragon, is very common in most parts of Jamaica,
and is remarkable for its oblong fleshy roots, which are frequently used among the ne-
groes. These, when fresh, have a little pungency, which soon wastes upon the pa-
late; but, when dry, il.;v are quite insipid — Browne. This plant is well known in
Jamaica bv this name. It hath several brown and straight roots, of an inch and an half
or two inches long; from these roots arises a four-square stalk, about nine or twelve
inches hi,.>h, jointed, where come out the leaves, of a dark-bluish colour; at the top
comes out the flower, monopetalous and bell-fashioned, of a delicate blue colour ; after
which succeeds a four-square seed-vessel, about an inch long, containing a great many
small brown flat seeds; which seed-vessel, touched with the least moisture, springs
open with a little snap or noise : And therefore I have advised a person to puc one of
the seeds in his mouth, and immediately it would fly open, with a leap up to the roof
of his mouth, which would surprise those who were not acquainted with it. By-this
cgriuging motion, it scatters its seeds as if sown by act, and often infests or over-runs

great-

192 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. spleenworv

great quantities of ground, not to begot out without much pains an J difficult}'. The
whole plant much resembles the gentianella alpina verna major et minor of Parkinson.
It is an admirable vulnerary herb ; the planters make an excellent balsam of it to cleanse
and heal all ulcers. It is also called felteort. — Barham. It grows under the shrubs in
the savannas about the town, and is in perfection some time after a rainy season. The
admirable contrivance of nature in this plant, to propagate itself, is most plain; £or,
the seed-vessels being the best preserver of the seed, it is there kept from the injuries
of the air and earth, till it be rainy, when it is a proper time for it to grow, and then
it i , thrown round the earth as grain bv a skilful sower. This is a very good wound
herh, a very excellent salve being made with it and suet boiled together, and then
^trained. It is used likewise applied on issues to make them run. — Sloane.

See Christmas Pride.

SPLEENWORT. ASPLENIUM. v

Cl. 1\, or. l. — Cryptogamiafilices. Nat. or..— 'Ferns.

So named, as it was supposed to dry up the spleen.

Gi'N. CHAR — Fructifications dispersed in right lines along the under disk of the frond;
Seventeen species have been found in Jamaica.

1. RHIZOPLYLLUM. ROOT-LEAVED.

Fronds ere n ate- uniform undivided, top filiform rooting.

Root fibrous ; fronds triangular, acuminate, point long, linear; at the base hol-
lowed, eared ; on long petioles. Fructifications irregularly dispersed over the whole
disk of the leaves in oblong spots. The ends of the fronds hi nd down to the ground,
and there throw out roots, by which it propagates itself. — Martyn.

2. SERRATUM. SERRATE.

Phyllitis non sinuafa foliorum limbis leviter serratis. Sloane, v. l. p.
72. Acaulefoliis amplissimus, margine inequali et ! rata,

petiolisangulatis et rndrginatis. Browne, p. 92, A. 1.

Fronds simple, lanceolate serrate, subsessile.

The root consists of brown fibres, sending up eight or nine fronds, three inches long,
three fourths of an inch broad, where broadest, yellowish green, narrow at the begin-
ning; increasing to near the end, and then decreasing to a blunt point. Native of
woods in the inland parts of Jamaica. — Sloane. Browne calls it the large simple aspic- -
niutn or harts tongue, with a serrated margin, found in all parts of Jamaica, an I
Derail y observed to grow in tufts. The leaves rise from a thick fibrous root two or three
feet, growing sometimes on trees, sometimes on the ground.

3. PLAKTAGINEDM. PLANTAIN-LEAVED.

Acaule minus, foliis otilongis, petiolis glabris. Browne, p. 92, A. 2.

Fronds simple, ovate-lanceolate, subcrenate, stipe four-cornered.

The simple asplenium, or hart's tongue, with a smooth shining footstalk, seldom rises
above ten or twelve inches, but grows from a fibrous root, which generally runs into

the

/?leenwort- ftORTUS J A M A I C E N S I S. 19fc'

the ground, whereas the foregoing sometimes grows upon trees ; the margin of the
fronds is even and the stipe smooth. It is found on the road to May-Day Hill.

4. NODOSUM. KNOTTY.

Filiv major in pinna s tantum divisa, varus, latieres, ohlongas, slri-
atas, ex adverso sitas, ct non crenatas. Sloanc, v. 1, p. 85, t. 41,
f. l. Simplex aassurgens, foliis oblongis oppositis, caule geniculato,
lineisfructijicationisfere contiguis. Browne, p. 93, A. 7.

Fronds pinnate ; pinnas opposite lanceolate, quite entire.

Root black, knobbed, tuberous, height two or three feet, upright, smooth; pinnas
long, striated ; fructifications in long straight parrailel lines, from the edge of the frond
to the rachis. Browne says it was very common about the barrack road in the moun-
tains of Westmorland, and lias the seed lines so closely disposed that it may easily be
mistaken for an acrostichum, at first \tcw. Sloane found it on Mount Diablo.

5. SALICIFOLIUXI WILLOW-LEAVED.

Lonchitis major, pinnis latinribus, teoiter denticulate, superiore la~
tere auriculatis. Sloane, v. 1. p. 7S.

Fronds pinnate ; pinnas sickle-lanceolate, crenate from the base, upwards angular.

Height a foot and a half; stipe blackish, pinnas alternate, a third of an inch distant from
one another, on very short footstalks ; the mid lie pinnas are largest, being an inch
and a quarter long, and about half an inch broad at the base ; they end in a point, are
serrte at the edges, and are eared at the uppermost edge of each pinna. It grows in
inland woody paarts of the island. — Sloane.

6. DENTATUM ' TOOTH-LEAVED.

Minus assurgens simplex,- .foliis oblongis, maigme inequali crenate,
Browne, p. 93, A. 5. <

Fronds pinnate ; pinnas wedge-shaped obtuse, crenate emarginate.

The simple erect asplenium with crenate leaves grows in great abundance about the
mountains in Liguanea, from six to eighteen inches in height, Swartz observes that the
A.pygmaeum of Li minis is nothing but a young plant of this species.

7. RHIZOPHORUM. ROOTING:

Lonchitis asplenii facie pinnults variis. Sloane, v. 1. p. 76. Simpler
minus re/iefens, Joliis oblongis crenatis et subauritis, sumnuiate
aphyllo rudicanti. Browne, p. 92, A. 4.

Fronds pinnate, rooting at top ; pinnas ovate repand, somewhat eared ; very
small ones remote, quite entire.

This plant is frequent in the mountains of Liguanea, seldom rising above ten or
twelve inches, and always found with the top bending towards the gronnd. — Browne.
The young plant is simply pinnate ; but when fartheradvanced it isbipinnate. — Swartz.
The face of this plant, and difference of the leaves, make it difficult toassign it a right place ;
for almost every stipe has several different kinds of pinna;. The leaves are sometimes
oblong auriculated, and disjoined, at other times they are auriculated, disjoined, towards
tbe top weak, trailing, and touching the ground, take root. Another variety is the leaves,
which are serrated or as it were made up of pinnules, making it seem a different plant.
Vol. II. B b 8. MARGINATUM.

19* HO-RTUS JAMAICE-N-Sf S. spleens or

8. MARGINATUM. MARGINED.

Simpticiter ptnnatum, cattle compresso marginatotfrtiAde pinna fa, 'aci-
nus sub-lobato-dentatis inferioribu.s distinctis, superioribus adnalis.
Browne, p. 94, A. 15.
Fronds pinnate ; pinnas opposite, cordate, lanceolate, sub-margi uate quite entire.
The divided atplenium with margined ribs seldom rises above two feet It is beauti-
fully divided and margined, and seems to thrive best in a shady dry place. It is-fre-
.quent in the lower mountains of Liguanea.

P. EROSTJM. LACERATED.

Lonchitis major pinnis at) gust ion bus levi/cr derttictilafis- superior e la-
tere auriculatts. Sloane v. 1. p. 78, t 33, f. 2. Simplex, nigrum,
Joliis oblongo-acurninatiSf maigine quasi lacerutis. Browne p. 94,
'A. 11.
Fronds pinnate ; pinnas trapeze-oblong, striated, erose, eared at the base.

Foot with long capillary fibres, black, scaly,, and covered with ferruginous moss ;
stem black and simple, rising from fourteen to eighteen inches ; leaves pointed and ap-
pearing as if torn on their edges. It. grows in the low.er mountains of Liguanea, and
thrives best in a sandy soil. — Browne.

10. PROLIFERUM.

•Phyllitis non sinwta mimor qpicefolii radices agente. Sloane v. 1, p. 71,
t. 26, f. 1.

Fronds subsessile, broad-lanceolate, the first leaves ob-ovate, rootingat the end.

Root small, scaly, black, with many long dark brown fibres ; leaves many, of differ-
enf sizes, the largest two inches and a half long, and about half an inch broad near the
middle ; they end in. a point which bows down to the ground, takes root, and sends out
rounder leaves, in time growing longer, and with their ends taking root. The seed lies
in round spots on each side of the middle rib underneath It grew in a rich, thick, vex?
high, tjnd shady wooJ, at the bottom of Mount-Diabio. — Sloane.

1 1. PUMH.UW. DWARF.

Fronds ternate, leaflets three-parted, gashed.
Fronds several, upright, about four inches high, stipes round, slender, black and
shining at the bottom, but among the leaflets green, with small bristles scattered over
it. Leaflets elongate-triangular, acute, sub-petioled, divided into rounded blunt lobes ;
the lowest and end leaflets arc longer than the rest, and eared on each side at the base j
on the nerves are. very small bristles, scarcely -visible with the naked eye. Fructifica-
tions on the whole back ot the frond, oblong, ascending, rufuus, from two to four lines
.in length. — Jacquin,

12. DIMIDIATUM. HALVED.

Fronds pinnate, pinnas trapeze-obiong acuminate, angular upwards, entire and
Hat downwards. — Siairlz.

13. FRAGRANS. • FRAGRANT.

Fronds subtripinnate, leaflets alternate, pinnas lanceolate, broadisb, serrate at
the tip. — Szc\

11. CRANDIFOLlUJt

SPisE>w>nr TTORTUS JAM AIC EN SIS. 19J.

14. GRANDIFOLIUM. GRF.AT-LEAVFO.

Fronds pinnate ; pinnas alternate, lanceolate, sub-serrate at the base, rectangular
above, rounded below. — Sw.

15. DISSECTUM. DISSECTED.

Fffinds pinnate; pinnas lanceolate, gash -serrate, tailed at the tip. — Sw.

16. PR.4EMORSUM. B'TTEH.

if^onxl tripinnatifid, pinnas somewhat wedge-shaped, pinnules erbse-toothed at
the tip. — Sw.

17. CIC0TAR1TJM. HrMI.OCK-LlKE.

Rutte murai /,< aa edens- jjUcxda non ramosa minima, pinnulis subro-
tundts profunde. scissis. Sloane, v. 1, p 92, t. 52, t" 5.

Frond tripinnate, very smooth, the upper ones pinnatifid, leaflets lanceolate en-
tire.
This has a solid black root,, covered with a Black hairy moss towards its top, whence "
rise out nine or ten leai" 9 about three mcnes high'. Stipes dariJ green, at an inch from-
the ground dividin ral alternate twigs, those in the middle being largest, about

three-quarters of an in , made up of alternate, small, roundish, pinnules deep-

ly cut in at the edge, of a pale green colour above,-. and underneath having very many
ferruginous spots. If grew on rocks, on the banks of the Rio D'Oso in Sixteen -Mile
Wdlk — Sloane: These arc ol the fern' kind. They are accounted specifics for all dis-
t< impers of the spleen, wherefore they have the name of spleen-wort ; they open ob-
stru< 'ions, and therefore good against the yellow jaundice ; they take away hiccoughs -
and. strangury, cxoel gravel, and lieip a violent gonorrhoea.- Barhum, p. 180,.

See Ferns.

SPLEEN-WORT^ ROUGH. LONCFflTIS;

Cl. 24, or 2, — Cryptogamia filices Nat. or. — Filices.

This generic name is derived from the Greek word for a spear.

®bn. char. — Capsules disposed in lanceolated lines lying under the sinuses of the
frond* Two species are natives ofJamaica.

1. HIKSUTA. HAIR'/.

Hirsuttt- coata simplicitep pennata, lobis oblongis- obtuse crcnatL:.
Browne, p. 89, L. 3.

Fronds pinnatifid, blunt, quite entire, shoots branched hirsute.
This plant rises commonly to tiie height of four or five feet ; it is moderetely hirsute.,
*nd often found in the mountains- of St. Anns.

2. PEDATA. FOOTED*

Erecta tribrathiata, lateralibus tripavtitis- mediocrecto, simplici.
Browne, p. <3^, L. 2, t. l. f. 1, 2. .

bn'Z Fronds

WB" HORTVS JAMAICENSIS. sf-JROi*

Fronds pedale, pinnas pinnatifid serrulate.
This rises by a simple stalk to the height of two or three feet, and then divides into
three parts, whereof the middle is simple ; but each of the lateral divisions is again
parted into three simple branches of a proportionate length. It grows in the moun-
tains of New-Liguanea. Browne.

See Ferns.

SPURGES. EUPHORBIA.

Cl. 1 1. on. 3. — Dodecandria trigynia. NaT or. — Trieocc&.

Gen. char. — See Eyebright, v. 1, p. 286. The following species are also natiyes
cf Jamaica:

1. GI.ABUATA. SMOOTH.

PepHsfruticosa, maritima, genicula t Sloane, v 1, p. 198.

Unarmed, shrubby, brapched; leaves opposite, ovate, acute, smooth, quite
entire.

The whole of this plant is smooth ; stem erect, unarmed, jointed, purplish ; branch-
es dichotomous, covered with leaves at the bottom ; leaves sessile, the length of the
joints, sharpish, the lower ones erect, the upper ones spreading ; stipules
roundish, minute, pale, eiliate. Flowers at the ends of the branchlets, axilla-
ry, and at the divisions, solitary, small, peduncled; peduncles shorter than the leaf ;
calyx smooth, the throat whitish with close villose hairs; petals five roundish ; capsule
nearly the size of a coriander seed, smooth, and quite even, hloane calls it the small
leaved sea-spurge, with whitish yellow flowers, a milky plant, which grew on the Gun
Cayos at Port-Royal.

2. TITHYMAI.OIDKS. TITHYMALUS-I.IKE.

Shrubby, leaves in a double row, alternate, ovate.

This is a wand-like sub-erect plant, six feet high, the whole of it abounding in ft
■white, bitterish, milky, juice. Stems numerous, round, smooth, weak, very pliant,
branched, the thickness of the finger, the older ones ash-coloured, the younger ones
green ; leaves, some obtuse, others acute, coriaceous, quite entire, petioled, deep
green, two or three inches long, deciduous, except on the branches, the middle dor-
sal nerve and the petiole augmented by a longitudinal lamella more or less waved and
conspicuous, at first frequently tomentose on both sides, but with the upper surface
very even, and the edges extremely waved ; afterwards both sides always become flat
and smooth. Peduncles one-flowered, short, aggregate about the extremities of the
branchlets, coming out principally when the plant is without leaves ; flowers void of
scent, of a beautiful scarlet colour, and, on account of their singular structure, per-
haps claiming a right to be of a distinct genus, though this species has most characters
the same as other euphorbiums. Calyx two-leaved, two-valved, falling off as the flow-
er opens ; the leaflets ovate, concave, acuminate, of the same colour with the corolla,
which is one-petaled, irregular, four-parted, the tipper segment sub-triangular, e-
marginate, obtuse, incumbent ; the two lateral ones oblong, obtuse, produced for-

wajcb

TSPURGF.9 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 197

tvards, convcrgfng, double the length of the upper one; the fourth very small, ob-
long, obtuse, placed between the lateral parts below the upper one : nectareous glands
four roundish, seated in the hollow of the corolla, formed of the upper segment and
■the united part of the lateral ones, two of these are at the base of the upper segment,
«nd tiie two others close to the side of the former; filaments about sixteen, awl-shaped,
Xinequal ; germ ovate, hanging on the outside of the corolla by a very long pedicel ;
style awl-shaped, longer than the germ, permanent; stigmas three, reflex, half two-
cleft. In South America a strong decoction of this plant, especially of the stalks, is
given in venereal cases, and in suppressions of the menses. — Jacguin.

3. HYPERICIFOLIA. HYPER1CUM-LEAVED.

Tithymalis credits, acre's pttrietarce foliis gllibris, Jloribus ad caulium
nodos conglomet&tis. Sloane, v. 1, p. 197, t. 126. Minima re~
clinata, foliolis ovatis'denticulatis ab altero latere major ibus ; ftoribus
quasi lunhrflatis, terminalibus et lateralibus. Browne, p. 235, E. 2.

Leaves serrate, oval oblong, smooth ; corymbs terminating, branches divaricate.
This is an annual plant, which rises with a branching stalk about two feet high, her-
baceous, diffused, subdivided, round, coloured, smooth ; branches alternate, spread-
ing, pubescent : leaves petioled, opposite, oblique at the base, ovate, obtuse, veined,
glaucous underneath, sometimes purplish ; stipules simple, opposite, very short, blunt,
between the petioles. Peduncles axillary, alternate, erect, dichotomous, commonly
longer than the leaves, with the flowers crowded together. Calyx very minute ; petals
:four, convex, thick, green ; filaments two or three, longer than the corolla, with ru-
diments of others at the base ; anthers in pairs, like bifid filaments, yellow; germ
smooth ; capsule pedicelled. Native of most of the West-India islands, and a weed in
cultivated grounds. — Swartz. Sloane says every part of this plant is poisonous to hogs-;
and its milk rubbed on warts cures them; the flowers white or purple. Browne says it
is common about the FerTy, and a slender weakly creeper, running only three or four
inches.

4. HIUTA. HAIRY.

Tithumalius Sulci's parietaria foliis hirsutis, Jloribus ad caulium nodos
conglemaratis. Sloane, v. J, p. 197. Reclinata minor sub-/iirsutat
foliis scrratis oppositis, f.orum fasciculi's axillaribus. Browne, p.
234, E. 1.
Leaves serrulate, oVate-acuminate, peduncles in axillary heads, stems hairy.
Stem herbaceous, sub-divided, declined, from three inches to a foot in length, round;
leaves on very shert petioles, opposite, small, oblique at the base, nerved, rough with
hairs, paler underneath, spotted with red ; stipules in pairs, opposite, awl-shaped. Pe-
duncles opposite, very short, much shorter than the leaves ; flowers crowded together,
pedicelled, minute. Calyx b!ood-red ; petals four, truncate, thick, blood-red ; fila-
ments four, and not more, awl-shaped, from the bottom of the calyx, longer than the
>rolla; anthers roundish whitish, two-valved; germ rough with hairs. — Swarts. The
creeping hairy spurge is common in all the dry savannas in Jamaica. It probably is a power-
ful resolutive and deobstruent, for it provokes both sweat and urine very abundantly, and I
doubt not may be given with success in most diseases arisingfrom a lentoror spissitude of
the juices. — Cajacia, alias caacica. The Brasilians set a very great value upon this plant.
Piso saith, it is one of the best antidotes in the world to expel all sorts of poison ; even,

saith

1*8 HORTUS JAMA! C EN SIS. spurge. -.

saith be, when it hath reached the very heart, which it corroborates and sets a beating,
when just leaving off its office of pulsation, and causes the blood to circulate again, and
that by only giving a pugi! of the dried herb in a proper vehicle, or by giving the juice of
the green herb ; also, the herb decocted, or infused in wine, doth the same. The green
ljerb, bruised and applied as a poultice, to the part bit or stung by any serpent or ve-
nomous creature, it immediately takes away the pain, and draws out the venom, prer
venting it spreading ad over the body of fluids: From experience, saitii Piso, one
drop of the juice of tins plant, dropped upon a serpent,, immediately kilts it ; and for
that reason, there is >;.o prudent person, that goes in the woods'of Brasil, will go with-
out some of this herb. A bath made of the whole plant, with Cotton -tree bark, takes
away carbuncles and phlegmons It is also experienced to be excellent in ail venereal
cases, as also a spec Sq remedy in the belly-ache, as you may see by dr. Tra >ham's ac-
count of it, in his State of Health of,Jamaica ; where he says, " As x'or a specific for the
dry belly-ache, take an Indian one (for the Indians .have many such), whi li my worthy
friend and sagacious, dr. Lawford, of the island of Earbadoes, cornmuni ed to his ex-
cellency lord Vaughan, by whose favour, for the benefit of the affli I," saitii dr.
Trapham, "nt wa's cammunicated.to me : The-said dr. Lawford affirifn ■, that he had
had above one hundred trials of this plant, of which, saith. lie, I give a drachm of it
powdered, in any convenient liquor, and repeat-it, once in three or four hours, till the
usual symptoms of the disease abate: sometimes, I give it made into a syrup, of
which I give one ounce to three ; also, in decoctions and clysters. It is abo, said the
same doctor, an antidote against poison, and a great diaphoretic, expelling all malig-
nancies in fevers." Trapham saith, the E glisb in Barbadoes called it snake- need ;
"and," saith he, " after the symptoms i belly-ache are removed by this-specific
; it, I woull have them app ister of the hog-gum to the weak limbs, nsi:i^
w ii!) frictions, an 1 : i the plaister every twenty -four hours, which restores the
use of the limbs," &c. Barham, ;>. l; .

'IFOUA. irvs^op-i.r.AViD.

iHchotcma erecta tenuis, Jbliie linearibiis, Jloribus quasi umbellatis
ter - . Browne, p. 23 1, E. 4.

Leaves sub-crenate .linear, flowers. fascicled terminating, stein.upright.

6. CHAMESYCE. CRF.NATFD.

Minima sup inn rufescens, foliolis subrotundis nitidis oppositis, ramulis
Jioriferisfotiolatis ad alas alternas. Browne, p. 236, E. 8.

Leaves crenulate, roundis'h, smooth, iiowers-solitary axillary, stems procumbent.
Stems herbaceous, from two to four inches long, round, purplish ; branches dicho-
tomous, short, thos : whi ■ were procumbent ; leaves pctioled, opposite, smaii,

veuied, doited, pi pi jreen, glaucous underi .nh; dowers very minute, crowded,
subsessile; teeth of the calyx white ciliated ; petals between these ak> id red ; filaments
two or three (not more) very minute ; anthers bl u k, i rm bent down ; styles biood-
red ; seeds roundish, angular, black. — Swartz. This is very like the second species, and
common in all the unfrequented streets and gardens about Kingston ; but the leaves are
•.Yhole, and the flowers seem differently disposed. — Rfowttes

7. GRAMUJEA. CRASS.

T^ichrtomn.f'.iis ovatis xcrtkiiliter ternatis,fasciadisJlorum sparsist
Browne, p. 235, E. J.

L-oave" .

fptkHia ItORTUS JAMAICENSIS, i#9

Leaves lanccolate~e!liptic, petioled, quite entire, stem upright, peduncles di-
chotomous.

Stems herbaceous, upright but not weak, entirely green, dichotomous, tender, from
•two to three feet high, leaves acute, shining, an inch and a half Jong, few, on petioles
an inch in length ; peduncles terminating, upright, slender. Calyx bell-shaped, hir-
sute within ; petals two, roundish, quite entire, white ; cap ;ules shining, smooth, small.
— Jacquin. The trichotomous spurge, with verticillated leaves grows very common on
both sides of the road between Kingston and (Turn's Bay, it is furnished with moderate-
ly thick branches, but seldom rises above lour feet high. Br&iSnU.

S. MYRTIFOfclA. MVRTLE-LEAV: D.

Leaves quite entire, roundish, emarginate, hoary underneath, flowers solitary,
stem upright.

''Stem shrubby, from one to two feet high, very much branched, round, smooth;
branches almost filiform, long, sub-divided, thickened at. the petioles, smooth, red.
Leaves opposite, srnaU, the lower ones orbiculate, the upper ob-ovate, eblong, or
roundish, smooth, glaucous underneath, (kit, spreading, on very short red petioles.
Flowers minute, axillary, especially towards the ends of the brandies, on very short pe-
• duncles ; calyx four or live toothed, hirsute within ; petals-four, thick, roundish, de-
pressed, yellow ; filaments two, very minute ; anthers roundish, whitish, large ; germ
bent-down ; styles reflex ; stigma-; simple acute. Some of the flowers are barren, and
have a cyHndric germ, and a single style which is long and triad at top. Native of Ja-
maica on cooler mountains. 'Swarlz.

9. obliterata. obliterated.

Leaves oblong trapezoid, serrate, pubescent, obliterated on onesidcicf the Ba3€
Stems hirsute ; leaves attenuated at the top.

10. PUMCF.A. SCARLET.

Umbel quinquefid, trilid, involucels ovate, acuminate, coldured ; capsules
smoeth ; leaves ob-ovate lanceolate.

This most splendid plant, by far the most beautiful of the genu-;, is the height of a
man, the stem shrubby, rather fleshy, fall of milky juice, round, abruptly branched ;
the branches curved upwards three together; the smaller branches sometimes four or
five together ; bark smooth, whitish, marked with spots or scars where former leaves
have grown. Leaves on the summits of the smaller branches, crowded together, al-
most sessile, spreading in ever} direction, blemish, ending in a small point, smooth,
opaque, dark green, glaucous underneath ; the younger ones tutfned inwards, and those
nearest the umbels coloured ; principal nerve of all the leaves dull yellow, and in the
younger ones near the umbels, it is besides stained with red ; umbels terminating, erect,
having five, six, or seven rays. Peduncles club-shaped, smooth, dichotomous ; involu-
ceis two or three together under each flower, of a most vivid scarlet ; flowers solitary,
turbinate, yellowish, soon turning reddish. Calyx'five-toothed ; petals five, divaricated,
yellow, full of very sweet pellucid honey, stamens fifteen or twenty fertile, many abor-
tive ; germ reflex, styles reflex, red ; receptacle occupied by chaffy branched filaments;
-capsule smooth. — Discovered in Jamaica, but sparingly, by Mathew Waller), esq. who
*sent it to the late marquis of Rockingham, in 1778.— Smith. This beautiful plah^

grow/

203 IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS. spurge-

grows plentifully in many parts of Jamaica to the height of fifteen or twenty feet or
more, and is known by the name Wallenia.

Spurges are generally of one and the same kind, only some more violent in their
operation than others, except the sweet spurgecalled caiacia, mentioned before, which
bath a quite different nature ; for, as all other spurges work upwards and downwards,
this doth neither, but operates by sweat and urine. The reason of the others work-
ing so strong, is from their abounding with an essential fixed acrid salt and oil, and there-
fore dangerous to be administered without correcting ; but, when corrected, they may
be given with safety in dropsies, lethargies, phrensies, &c. You may make an extract
of them, which some use as a general purger. Raius saith, that spurge-laurel, pow-
dered and infused iti wine- vinegars, cures cancers. Barlmm, p. 182.

See Eye- bright.

SPURGE, BRANCHED. ERXODEA.

Cl. 4, or. 1. — Tetrandria vionogynia.

This generic name is derived from the Greek work for branched.

Gen. char. — Calyx a four-parted perianth, small, superior segments erect, acute, equal,,
permanent; corolla one-petaled, salver-shaped, tube four-cornered elongated;
border four-parted ; segments lanceolate revolute ; stamens four filaments, inserted
in the middle of the tube, awl-shaped, longer than the corolla ; anthers erect,
acuminate ; the pistil has a four-cornered inferior germ, a filiform style, longer than
the stamens ; and an obtuse emarginate stigma ; the pericarp a a roundish berrv,
crowned by the calyx, two-grooved, two-celled; seeds solitary, hemispherical striated.

LITTORAUS.

Tht/w^ca humilior foliis acutis atrovirentibus. Sloane, v. 2, p. 93,.
t*l89, f. 1,2. Kuoxia, '. Littoralis ?'< pens, 'o/tis rigidis « blongis
apposiiis, Jioribus singularibus. Browne, p. 140.
Root as thick as the little finger, of a reddish brown colour, and rugged bark,
with several roundish branches; stem angular, bark grey; branches four-cornered,
wand-like, jointed, ash-coloured, leafless ; branchlets alternate, two inches long ; leaves
on the branchlets opposite, sessile, an inch and a half long, lanceolate, attenuate at both
ends, veinless, obscurely three-nerved or five-nerve I, very smooth on both sides,
shining, quite entire, mucronate, cused, of an astringent taste ; stipules surrounding
the branch, truncate, ciliate. Flowers axillary opposite sessile ; calyx deeply four-parted,
with lanceolate cusped segments; tube of the corolla slender, longer than the calyx ; seg-
ments of the border linear obtuse ; stamens the length of the corolla ; stigma truncate.
Jt varies with broader and narrower leaves. The flowers are pale yellow or greenish co-
loured. It grows on the pallisades near Port-Royal, and on most sandy beaches.
Browne calls it the creeping sea-side Knoxia, frequent near the shore in the parish of
St. George, running commonly three or four feet, or more, along the ground, casting a
few spreading brancnes from space to space as it creeps along ; the leaves are oblong,
pointed, and stiff, and the flowers few and single, at the axils of the upper leaves.

SQUASH.

8TAPHVLEA

KORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

£01

SQUASH. CUCURBITA.

Cl. 21, or. 1. — Monoecia syjigenesia. Nat. OR, — Cucurbitaceec.

Gex. char — See Gourd, v. l, p. 332.

MELOPEPO,

Leaves lobed, stem erect, fruits flatted knobby. The erect gourd, or squash, rises
erect by a strong stalk, sending out procumbent branches on every side, which are hairy
andtendriied, creeping for several feet on the ground around the main stem. The leaves
are lobe.!, hairy, alternate, on long petioles. The flowers are yellow, on lateral one-
flowered peduncles ; segments of the calyx linear spatulate, spreading ; anthers linear,
distinct, erect; succeeded by depressed knobby fruit, of a whitish yellow colour, and
growing sometimes as large as a moderate fist. When young and properly boiled and
dressed with butter and black-pepper they are a delicious vegetable. Loureiro says the
fruit is of great use in long voyages, as it may be kept several months fresh and sweet.

See Gourd — Pumpkin — Water-Melon.

Xo English Name. STAPHYLEA.

Cl. 5, or. 3. — Pentandria trigynia. Nat. or. — Trihilata.

Gen. char. — Calyx a five-parted perianth ; corolla five oblong petals ; nectary con-
cave, pitcher-shaped ; stamens five oblong filaments with simple anthers ; the pistil
has a thickisb three-parted germ, three simple styles with obtuse stigmas; the
pericarp three-inflated capsules ; seeds two, globular with a wart.

occidentals, western.
Prnno forte affinis arbor Jolin alato, /lore herbacco pentapetalo raccynoso.
Sloane, v. 2, p. 128, t. 220, f. 1. Foliis oblongo ovatis, pinnatis, ?»-
tidis ; raccmis laiis, rarioribus. Browne, p. 279.

Leaves doubly pinnate, capsules three-cornered, seeds solitary, stem arboreous.
Thisisa tree from twenty to thirty feet high, with a smooth unarmed trunk, and round
smoothish shining branches. Leaves petioled, alternate, pinnas two or three pairs with
an odd one, petioled, ovate, acuminate, serrate, smooth, shining ; petioles both general
and partial roundish, smooth ; stipules in pairs between the pinnas, minute, curved iu
panicles terminating, erect, loosish, with opposite decussated branches, and three-flow-
ered pedicels. Flowers white, odorous, calyx five-leaved, the two inner leaflets the
size of the petals; capsule the size of a cherrv, smooth, not inflated, three-celled.
Native of Jamaica, flowering there in spring and autumn. — Swartz. Sloane says ix
grows plentifully between Passage Fort and St. Jago de la Vega. This is the Trichilia
hirta of Linneus but removed to this genus by Swartz.

See Musk-Wood,

Vol. LL

Cc

STAB

,0>

202 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. star

STAR APPLE. CHRYSOPHYLI.UM.

Cl. 5, or. 1. — Pentandria monogynia. Nat. OK. — Dumosa*
Ges. char. — See Damson Plum, v. 1, p. 259.

CAINITO.

Anona, foliis suBtiisJierrugineis, fructu rotundo major", Itsvi, purpu-
rea, seviinc nigra, partim rugoso, partim glabra, bloane, v. 2, p.
170, t. 229. Fructu mojori globosa, foliis subtus ferrugineis.
Browne, p. 171, t. 14, f. 2.

Leaves ovate, striated in parallel lines, tomentose, and shining underneath.
This tree is cultivated, and grows wild, in most parts of Jamaica, it rises from thirty
to forty feet high with a strong stem, covered with brown bark, and divides into many
flexible, slender, branches, which generally hang downward, garnished with ovate
acuminate, alternate, leaves, on inch long pedicels, about five inches long and two broad
in the middle, whose under sides are of a bright russet colour, aud silky appearance;
their upper surface is of a dark shining green colour. The flowers are axillary and la-
teral, in small clusters, of a purplish white colour ; many of them have six segments
in the calyx and corolla, and six stamens, most of them however have only five. It is
said the fruit never drops of itself but withers on the tree, if not plucked.

Some trees bear fruit with a purple, and some with a white, skin and pulp, which,
when soft, is like jelly, with milky veins, of a sweet and pleasant Liste. The seeds are
shining black, of a rhomboidal figure, having a slit on one of their edges.

This tree grows from the seeds, and thrives with little care. Like the achras', (to
whom both the fruit, seeds, and other particulars, seem to slunv it nearly allied) it is
lull of milk, and the fruit retains it even in the most perfect state; but, though this
juice be rough and astringent in the bark, and other parts of the tree, and even in the
fruit before it ripens, vet, when it grows to full perfection, it becomes sweet and gela-
tinous, with an agreeable clamminess, and is very much esteemed. The juice of this
fruit (a little before it is perfectly ripe) being mixed with a small quantity of orange
juice (or eating both fruit at a time) binds the body more than any thing I have ever
known, and doubtless would make a very powerful remedy on many occasions ; but I
doubt if the action of the fire would not take off a.great deal of the native roughness of
the juice, in case it had been inspissated by that means.

I doubt if this ought to be separated from the achras on any account, though the
characters of the flower dilfer in many respects; the germen has ten distinct lodges, but
most of the seeds abort, and, when the fruit is ripe, it seldom contains above four or
five. Broicne.

STAR OF BETHLEHEM. HYPOXIS.

Cl. 6, or. 1 — Ilexandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Coronarite.
This generic name is derived from a Greek word for sharpish.
Gen. char. — Calyx a two-valved glume ; corolla one-petaled, six-parted, perma-
nent, superior; stamens six filaments, with oblong anthers ; the pistil has an in-
ferior

stinking HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 203

ferior germ, a filiform style and bluntish stigma: the pericarp a somewhat oblong
capsule, narrower at the base ; seeds many, roundish.

D ECU MB ENS. TRAILING.

Ilerbaceum, foliis gramineis, floribus geminatis pedunculis tongissimis
alaribus incidentibus. Browne, p. 195.

Hairy, with club-shaped capsules.
Bulb roundish, fleshy, brown, putting out fibres from the side. -Leaves radical,
Sheathing at the base, forming as it were a short stem, grassy, keeled, a span long,
recurved, sharp, striated, somewhat hairy. Peduncles radical from the sheaths among
the leaves, about flowering time short, but afterwards lengthened out, filiform, tvvo-
ed"-ed, few-flowered; spathes two-leaved, leaves small, linear, pubescent. The three
outer parts of the corolla lanceolate, acute, hairy on the outside, permanent; the three
inner smooth, yellowish, greenish on the outside, withering; stamens alternate with
the segment of the corolla, three longer, three shorter ; anthers saggitate ; germ oblong ;
style awl shaped, stigma blunt ; capsule oblong, three-cornered, crooked, rough with
hairs, crowned with the permanent corolla ; seeds wrinkled, black. — Swarts. Browne
calls it the grassy leaved ornithagalum, frequent in Sixteen-Mile Walk, and many
ether places in Jamaica.

Stave-Wood — See Mountain Damson.
Stektian — See Indian Cress.

STINKING-WEED. CASSIA.

Cl. 10, OR. 1. — Decandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Lovicntacea?.
Gen. char. — See Cane-Piece Sensitive, v. 1, p. 151,

OCCIDENTALS. WESTERN.

Senna occidentalis, odore opiiziroso, orobi pannonici foliis mucronatis,
glabra. Sloane, v. 2, p 4S. llerbueca major erecta ramosa, foliis
ovato aeinninatis, siliquis angustioribus compressis, spicis laxioribus
terminulibus assurgentibus. Browne, p. 224.

Leaflets five pairs, ovate- lanceolate, scabrous about the edge, the outer ones
larger, a gland at the base of the petioles.
Stem from two to three feet high ; it is loose in its ramifications and well supplied
■with Bowers, disposed in loose spikes at the extremity of the branches. The ribs on
which the ieaves are set, are, in almost every species of this kind, furnished with a
gland, which in some is placed higher, in others lower upon the shank, and in many
between the leaves themselves ; but in this particular sort it is situated very low, and
near the insertion of the rib.

Piso say, that the juice of this plant applied outwardly, or injected, is a specific in
the inflammations of the anus ; and Markgraveadds, that the root is a powerful diuretic
and antidote: but the top is the only part that is used in Jamaica, where the plant is
commonly employed in ail resolutive baths, and is accounted a very powerful ingredi-
ent pn such occasions. — Browne.

C c 2 This

'204 HOItTUS JAMAICENSI9. sooah

This plant is commonly known by the name df.pfss a bed, and is very common in Ja-
maica. The root in decoction is used as a diuretic, as a so for venereal and. ol her a-
plaints. The decoction is also recommended for a scalding of urine ; and the foments
ation is good for the mange in dogs, mules, and noises ; and it is useful 10 give them
the plant inwardly, by chopping it up in their food. The leaves as well as the roots'
decocted are excellent in jaundice and dropsy, and when taken inwardly and applied
outwardly drive out and cure the scorbutic itch, ringworms, and other cutaneous com-
plaints. Like other bitter plants, when taken inwardly, it sometimes occasions griping,
which is cured by acids. For this reason Barbara directs a decoction of the solarium
mamosum, (see Turkey berries) for the itch to be given in sugar ana lime-juice. For
a venereal or weakness the following has been recommended : " Take the root of piss-
a-bed, boil a large handful in three quarts of water, letting it boil down to two quarts
and a pint; when cold drink the same for common drink, and it will make a perfect
cure ; observing that it be taken in an early stage and regularly continued "
•SVtCane-piece Sensitive — Cassia-stick Tree — Horse-cassia — Ringworm Shru&
—and Senna Trees.

Stockvishhout — See Nicaragua.

Strainer-Vine — See Cerasee.

Strawberry Pear — See Indian Fig.

Styptic Bumi — See Bastard Ipecacuanha and Vervain.

Sugar Bean — See Kidney Bean.

SUGAR- CANE. SACCHARUM.

Cl. 3, or. 2. — Triandria digynia. Nat. or. — Gram hire.
Gen. char, — Calyx a two-valved glume, one- flowered ; lalves oblong lanceolate,
acuminate, erect, concave, equal, awnless, surrounded with a long lanugo at the
base: corolla two-valved, shorter, sharpish, very tender: nectary two-leaved,
very small : stamens three filaments, capillary, the length of the corolla ; anthers
somewhat oblong : the pistil has an oblong germ, two feathered stvles, and pla-
mose stigmas; no pericarp ; the corolla invests the seed ; which is single and ob-
long.

officinarum. officinal.

Gemculatum et succulentum, paniculum spatiosa. Browne, p. 123;
Sloane, t 66.
Flowers pankled, leaves flat.

The root of the sugar cane is jointed, like that of other sorts of cane or reed. From
this arise four five or more shoots, proportionable to the age or strength of the root,
eight or ten feet high, according to the goodness of the ground ; iw some moist rich
soils canes have been measured near twenty feet long, but these are not so good ;ts
those of middling growth, abounding in juice, but having little of the essential salt.
The canes are jointed, and these joints are more or less distant, iu proportion to the
soil. A leaf is placed at each joint, and the base of it embraces the stalk to the next
joint above its insertion, before it expands ; from hence to the point it is three or four

feet

sugar • HORTUS JAMAICENSIS 205

feet in length, according to the vigour of the plant ; there is a deep whitish furrow or
hollowed mi Irib, which is broad and prominent on the under side ; the edges are thin
and armed with small sharp teeth, which are scarcely to be discerned bv the naked eye,
but will cut the skin of a tender hand, if it be drawn along it. The Mowers are pro-
duced in panicles at the top of the stalks ; they are from two to three feet long, and are
composed of many spikes nine or ten inches in length, which are again subdivided into
smaller spikes; these have long down inclosing the flowers, so as to hide them from th©
sight. The seed is oblong, pointed, and ripens in the valves of the flower.

It has been asserted that the sugar-cane is not indigenous to America, but that it
migrated through Europe, which may be doubted, as Father Hennepin, in 1680, found
it growing near the mouth of the Mississipi for thirty leagues; and Francis Ximenes,
Hernandes, and Piso, all affirm that the sugar-cane grows spontaneously near the Rio
de la Plata. Jean de Lery, who went to Rio Janeiro in 1556, also asserts that he found
every where near that river a great quantity of sugar canes. It is thought by some that
Columbus introduced the plant into Hispaniola in his first voyage; but the opinion,
that it may be a native of America and the West-Indies is much strengthened by the
sugar-cane having been found in such plenty in the South Sea islands: certain it is,
however, that none of them have ever been found in a wild ot indigenous state in Ja-
maica, where, without cultivation, it is probable, they would in time he totally lost.
Sugar is thought to have been first introduced into Europe during the crusades, from
the east. Its use (which was confined to medical purposes) in Sicily is mentioned in
the year 11G6. Thence it was conveyed to Spain, Madeira, the Canary and Cape de
Verde islands, soon after they were discoveied in the fifteenth century ; and from one
of these islands it is supposed to have found its way to the West-Indies.

The sugar-cane was first planted in Jamaica by the English, by Sir Thomas Modvford,
in 16oO, and sugar first made there in 1664 ; but some plantations were made while in
possession of the Spaniards, by Esquimel, a Spanish governor under Diego Columbus;
and there were, on the arrival of the English, three small plantations on the island, the
chief of which was at the Angels. In other islands the English made sugar as early as
1643!

There are several varieties of this valuable plant ; but the cultivation of all has ber.i
for some years past greatly neglected, to make room for the introduction of the Bour-
bon or Otaheite cane, which was brought here in the year 1796, and has since been ge-
nerally cultivated. This cane is of a much larger size than any other, the joints fre-
quently measuring eight or nine inches, and of a proportionate thickness, the common
cane seldom exceeded two or three inches; they have consequently been found very
productive, and their sugar also of a superior quality. An acre of them, in good land,
has been found to produce from four to five hogsheads, of which the same quantity in
common canes would only produce one. The juice of the Bourbon cane is of a pa!er
colour, and they are ripe enough to grind in ten months ; if allowed to remain a longer
time uncut, they lose part of their juices. From their size they resist dry weather much
better than any other cane, and are not near so subject to suffer from that destruc tiva
insect the borer. With all these seeming advantages, it is no wonder if they entirely
superceded the use of all other varieties of the sugar-cane in Jamaica! They,
however, more speedily exhaust the soil, and it may be questioned, whether, in the
course of time, they will not themselves dwindle, from repeated transplantation in a fo-
reign soil, which all exotics do ; and which, indeed, has already been found the case,
in a considerable degree, c-n many plantations. The old cane, it is acknowledged, pos-
sessed >

20« 1I0RTUS JAMAICENSIS, sugar

sessed richer juices than the new, and its tops afforded a much greater quantity of fodder
to. c ttle, which considerations, added to that of their not impoverishing the soil so
much as the other, renders it very doubtful whether the ultimate benefit will be so great
as was expected.

The manner of planting the sugar-cane, an 1 the manufacture of it, are so well known
as to require no lengthy description. The soil should be rich, deep, and free, the si-
tuation warm, and such as has, at levst, moderate seasons.

Previous to digging the caneholes the land is lined into small squares of three feet
and a half, marked by pegs, and a negro is placed opposite to each square to dig up
the mould, and fotm a tiench six or eight inches deep, throwing the mould into a bank,
forming ridges like the plough, which instrument of agriculture has been successfully
introduced on many plantations, where the nature of the Ian J will admit. These ridges
of earth are afterwards gradually drawn round the roots of the canes as they grow. The
cuttings or plants of the canes, containing each five or six gems or eyes, are placed ho-
rizontally at the bottom of the holes, and covered with mould from the banks about two
inches deep. .In twelve or fourteen days the sprouts appear, and, being moulded as
thc\ grow, the ridges of earth are entirely levelled in four or five months. It is scarcely
necessary to mention that the ground should always be kept clear of weeds, which will
ensure the plants arriving at perfection, unless attacked by uhat is called the blast,
which, often destroys whole fields of canes, anil is occasioned by myriads of an invisible
insect, appearing like white spots or blotches upon the cane, supposed to be the aphis
of] in ens, for which no effectual remedy has yet been found : Edwards mentions,
indeed, the Yaffle ant, which, he says, will also clear a plantation of these destructive

i ajsrats*, a ruinous enemy to the sugar-cane; he, however, has his doubts The
same author enumerates the most convenient and proper manures for cane fields, as
follow: l-r, Of the coal and vegetable ashes, drawn from the fires of the boiling and
still houses. 2d, Feculenciej Discharged from the still house, mixed up with rubbislf
of buildings, white lime, &c. 3d, Refuse or field trash, i. e. the decayed leaves and
stems of the canes, so called in contradiction to cane-trash, reserved for luel. 4th,
Dung obtained from the horse and mule stables, and from moveable pens, or small
enclosures made by posts and rails, occasionally shifted upon the lands intended to be
planted, and into which the cattle are turned at night. 5th, Good mould, collected
from gullies, and other waste places, and thrown into 'the cattle pens.

The canes being arrived at maturity are cut and carried to the mill in bundles, the
branches at the top being chopped off, and are an excellent food for the cattle. The
top shoot, which is full of eyes, is generally preserved for planting The mill con-
sists principally of three upright iron plated rollers or cylinders, from thirty to forty
inches in length, and from twenty to twenty-five inches diameter; and the middle one,
to which the moving power is applied, turns the other two, by means of cogs. Be-
tween these rollers, the canes being previously cut short and tied into bundles, are
twice compressed; for, having passed through the first and second rollers, the) are
turned round the nil Idle one, by ,i circular piece of frame work, or screen, called the
dumb returner, and forced hack through the second and third ; an operation winch
squeezes them completely dry. The juice is received in a leaden bed, and thence
conveyed into a vessel called the receiver. The refuse, or macerated rind of the cane,

which

* There is an East-India animal railed mungoet, which hears a natural antipathy to rats; if this animal
was introduced here, it might probably extirpate the wuol» race of Ujese ooxiou* veimin.

SUGAR HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 207

•which is called cane trash, in contradistinction to field trash, serves for fuel to boil the
liquor. The juice, as it flows from the mill, taken at a medium, contains eight parts
of pure water, one part of sug ir, and one part consisting of coarse oil and mucilagin-
ous gum. with a portion of essential oil.

As this juice has a strong disposition to fermentation, it must be boiled as soon as
possible. There are some water mills that will grind, with great ease, canes sufficient
for thirty hogsheads of sugar in a week. It is necessary to have boiling vessels, or cla-
rifiers, that will correspond in dimensions to the quantity of juice flowing from the re-
ceiver. These clarifiers are commonly three in number, and are sometimes capable of
containing one thousand gallons each ; but it is more usual to see them of three hundred
or four hundred gallons each. Besides the clarifiers, which are used for the first boil-
ing, there are generally four coppers or boilers. The clarifiers are placed in the middle
or at one end of the boding house. If at one end, the boiler called the teache is placed
at the other, and several boilers (generally three) are ranged between them. The
teache is ordinarily from seventy to one hundred gallons, and the boilers between the
clarifiers and teache diminish in size from the first to the last. Where the clarifiers are
in the middle, there is usually a set of three toilers on each side, which constitute, in
effect, a double boiling house. On very large estates this arrangement is found useful
nnd necessary. The objection to so g.-'eat a number is the cxpence of fuel ; to obviate
which, in some degree, the three boilers on each side of the clarifiers are commonly
hunir on one fire.

The juice runs from the receiver along a wooden gutter lined with lead, into the
boiling house ; where it is received into one of the clarifiers. When the clarifier is
filled, a fire is lighted, and a quantity of Bristol quick-lime in powder, which is called
temper, is poured into the vessel. The use of the lime is to unite with the superabund-
ant acid, which, for the success of the process, it is necessary to get rid of. The
ouantitv sufficient to separate the acid must vary, according to the strength of the
quick-lime, and the quality of the liquor. Some planters allow a pint ot lime to every
hundred gallons ol liquor ; but Mr. Edwards thinks that little more than half the quan-
tity is a better medium proportion, and even then, that it ought to be dissolved in boil-
ino- water*, that as little as possible may be precipitated. The boat is suffered gradually
to increase till it approaches within a few degrees of the heat of boiling water, that 'he
impurities may be thoroughly separated But if the liquor were suffered to boil with
uolence, the impurities would again incorporate with it.

It

* Mr. Char'rs Blackford, of St. Mary's, lias lately discovered a new method of clarifying raw cane juice, for
which he received a reward from the House of Assembly. It consists in clarifying the juice in its ra v state,
which he says not only improve- The quality of sugar but renders it nmcii purer, and sooner to lie b uled to
granulation. Far less fuel is consumes!, ami labour reduced, by this siaiple prices?, which is merely (o apply
as much temper lime to the raw cane-juice iu the receiver a., to cuse a curdle, which separates the mucila-
ginous substance from the saccharine juice, and is effected in about ten minutes A glas, -ay a pint or a
half-pint tumbler, dipped immediately after tempering in the receiver, is a Lmde ; for when the precipitation
takes place in the glass it will in the receiver. Gene a ly speaki ig, lie found one quart of :;ood temper lime
necessary for one hundred gallora of liquor, allowances to be made for canes of different qualities. Here*
commends two c.eks to the rece^er, one in the middle ami the other two inches fiom its botletn, the liquor
mav he frequently drawn ofFby die middle pi c, and the receiver as nti. , replenished. By this means the
linuoi was found to come up sooner in the boi ers, and had n t one-tenth ot the usual skimmings; and tne li-
quor in a few minutes was cleaner i'l Lhe grand copper, than it was bef< ic in the second, or even first, tache.
Whin !'e came to skip th< sugar it was as different from what was in;'k:v>n before as possible, and greatly su-
perior in quality. I" 01 1 instance Mr Blackford found one hundred and iwtnty ounces of tewpei lime ne»
cessary to effect his p iposc on four uuuiud gallons of cane-liquor.

208 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. sugar

It is known to he sufficiently heated when the scum hegins to rise in blisters, which
break into white froth, and appear generally in about forty minutes. The fire is theiv
suddenly extinguished by means of a damper, which excludes the external air, and the
liquor is allowed to remain about an hour undisturbed, during which period the impu-
rities are collected in scum on the surface. The juice is then drained off, either by a
syphon or a cock ; the scum, being of a tenacious or gummy nature, does not flow out
with the liquor, but remains behind in the clarifier. The liquid juice is conveyed from
the clarifier by a gutter into the evaporating boiler, commonly termed the grand cop-
per, and, if it has been obtained from good canes, it generally appears transparent.

In the evaporating boiler, which should be large enough to receive the contents of
the clarifier, the liquor is allowed to boil ; and, as the scum rises, it is taken off. The
scumming and evaporation are continued till the liquor becomes finer and thicker, and
so far diminishe I in bulk that it may be easily contained in the second copper. When
put into the second copper, it is nearly the colour of Madeira wine ; the boiling and
scumming are continued, and, if the impurities be considerable, a quantity of lime-
water is added. This process is carried on till the liquor be sufficiently diminished in
quantity to be contained in the third copper. After being purified a third time, it is
put into the fourth copper, which is called the t-ache, where it is boiled and evapor-
ated till it is judged sufficiently pure to be removed from the fire ; of which there are
various methods of judging.

The juice being thus purified is poured into coolers, usually six in number. The
removal from the teache to the cooler is called striking. The cooler is a shallow wooden
vessel, seven feet long, from five to six wide, about eleven inches deep, and capable
of containing a hogshead of sugar. As the liquor cools, the sugar grains, that is, col-
lects into an irregular mass of imperfect chrystals, separating itself from the melasses.
It is then removed from the cooler, and conveyed to the curing house, where the me-
lasses drain from it. For receiving them there is a large cist< rn, the sloping sides of
which arc lined with boards. Directly above the cistern a frame of joist woik without
boarding is placed, on which empty hogsheads without heads are ranged. The bot-
toms of these hogsheads arc pierced with eight or ten holes, in each of which the stalk
of a plantain leaf is fixed so as to project six or eight inches below the joists, and rise a
little above the top of the hogshead. The hogsheads being filled with the contents of
the cooler, consisting of sugar and melasses, the melasses being liquid drain through
the spungy stalk, and drop into the cistern. After the melasses are drained off, the
sugar becomes pretty dry and fair, and is then called muscovado or raw sugar.

From the melasses, scummings of the hot cane-juice, or sometimes raw cane-liquor,
lees, or as it is called in Jamaica, dunder, (which answers' the purpose of yeast in tne
fermentation ol flower), rum is made.

The process is as follows, when the ingredients are mixed in the following propor-
tions ; according to Mr. Edwards :

Dunder one half, or 50 gallons.

( Melasses c

Sweets, \2percetlt. < Scumming, being equal to six gallons more of

V. melasses 36

Water 8

100

Of

sum* II OUT US JAMAICENSIS. 2dfi

Of this mixture, (or wash as it is sometimes called) twelve hundred gallons ought to
produce three hundred of low wines. 'I'm- method of adding ail the melasses at once,
wi iii is 'i >ne alter the fermentation commences, renders the process safe and expedi-
tious ; whereas by charging the melasses at different limes, the fermentation is checked
an ! tin- process delayed.

These i i ;redieritg are well mixed and ft rmeoted in cisterns fo i n or eight days,
when it throws up clear head, or globules, ami is lit for distillation. The first distilla-
tion produces a spirit called low wines. To make it rum of Jamaica proof it undergoes
a second distillation. Thus two hundred and twenty gallon-; of proof rum are made
from five hundred and thirty of low wines ; or about one hundred and thirteen of nun
from one thousan 1 two hundred of wash.

Sugar is soluble iu water, and in a small degree in alcohol. When united with a
small portion of water, it becomes fusible ; from which quality the art of preserving
. is indebted for many of its preparations. It is phosphoric and combustible ; when ex-
p .-.<• I to tire emitting a blue flame if the combustion be slow, and a white flame if tno
< imbustion be rapid. By distillation it produces a quantity of phlegm, acid, oil, gas,
and charcoal Bergman, in treating sugar with the nitrous acid, obtained a new acid
now known by the name' ol the oxalic acid ; but he has omitted to mention the princi-
ples of which sugars are composed. Lavoisier, however, has supplied his omission;
and, after many experi i cuts has assigned three principles in sugar, hydrogene, oxy-
gt i.e. and carl me. If the juice-^expressed from the sugar-cam- he left to itself, it
passes into the • mentation ; and, during the decomposition of the juice, whi h

is continued lor three or four months, a great quantity of glutinous matter is separated.
This matter, when distilled, gives a portion of ammoniac. If the juice he exposed
to the spirituous fermentation, a wine is obtained analogous to cyder. If this wine,
after being kept in bottles a year, be distilled, we obtain a portion of euu dc vie.

The uses to which sugar is applied are indeed numerous and important: It can be
made so solid as. in : art of preserving to receive the most agreeable colours, and the
greatest variety i f firms. It can be made so fluid as to mix with any soluble substance.
It preserves the juice and ■ ibstance of fruits in all countries, and in all seasons It af-
fords a delicious seasoning to many kinds of foods Ir is useful in pharmacy, for it
unites with medicines an i removes their disagreeable ii ivour : it is the basi ; of all sy-
rups. M. Macguer has shewn, in a very satisfactory manner, how useful sugar would
be if employed in fermenting wines. Sugar has also been found a remedy for the
scurvy, and a valuable article of food in cases of necessity. M. Imbert de Lennes, first
snroeon to the late Duke of Orleans, published the following story in the Gazette de
Senelt; which confirms this assertion : '"A vessel laden with sugar, bound from the
West-Indies, was becalmed in its passage for several days, during which the stock of
provisions was exhausted. Home of thacrew were dying of the scurvy, and the rest
were threatened with a still more terrible death. In this emer rem y recourse was had
to the sugar. The consequence wa.s, the symptoms of the scurvy went oil", the crew
found it a wholesome and substantial aliment, and returned in good health to Fiance."

" Sugar," says Dr. Rush', " affords the greatest quantity of nourishment, in a given
quantin of matter, of any substance in nature ; of course it maybe preserved in less
room in our houses, and may be consumed in less time, than more bulky and less nou-
rishing aliment. It has this peculiar advantage over most kinds of aliment, that it is
not liable to have its nutritious qualities a, Fected by time or the weather; hence it is
preferred by the Indians in their excursion;, from home. They mix a certain quantity
Vol. II. J)d of .

.#73 iIORTUS JATvIAICENSlS. eueSs

of maple swvar wit's an equal quantify of Indian corn, dried am! powdered, in its rrfiiky
I . ■.■ This mixture is packed in little baskets, which are frequently wetted in t*&-
vel'ii ;, withoui injuri>ig-the,$agai'. A few spoonfuls of if-, mixed' with half a pint oF
■s;;n raterj affoi I them a- pleasant and strengthening meal. From the degrees of
stre urishment winch are conveyed into animal bodies, by a small bulk of

sugar, it, might probably be &iven to horses with great advantage, when they are used
in ■' ices ur under circumstances which make it difficult or expensive to supptfrt tnetu
with more buiky'or weighty aliment. A pound -of sugar, with grass or hay, has sup-
ported'tne ti h and spirits yf an horse during a whole days labour in one of the
West- India isian.i-,, A larger quantity given alone bus fattened horses and cattle, dur-
ing tlie war before last, in Hispaniola, for a period of several months, in which the
exportation of sugars and the importation f grain, were prevented lv, tiie want of ships.

': rhe plentiful use-'of sugar in diet is one of the best preventatives that has ever
been discovered of the disc uses which are produced by worms. Nature seems to have
imp! irted a. lov6 for this aliment in all children, as if it were on purpose I i I end
them from those. diseases. Dr. Rn li knew a gentleman in Philadelphia, who early
adopted this opinion, .and who, by indulging a- large family of children in the use ol
sir;:'/-, has preserved them all from the diseases usually occasioned by worms.

• iir Job n Riingle has remarked, that the plague has never been known in any
coantrv wl ere sugar composes a material part of the diet of th in sal - Dr. Rush

Ihinl sit probable that the frequency -of malignant fevers of all kin Is h ; I en e ened
by this diet, and that its-more general use would defend that t i s of people who are
most ubject to malignant fevers from being so often affected by th .1

" In th numerous and frequent disorders of the breast, which occur in all countries
where the body is exposed to a variable temperature of the weather, sugar affords the
basis of many agreeable remedies. L is useful in weaknesses, and acrid defhixiona
u!) mi other parts of the body. Many facts might be adduced in favour jf this assertion.
Dr Rush mentions unlj one, which, iron the \ e name of the person whose

case furnished it, cann it fail .of commanding att< nti >n an I credit Upon my enquiring
ofDr Franklin, at the request of a friend '(says oui resp author} about a year

before he died, whether he had fb@wcl any relief from 'the pain of the stone from the
blackberry jam, ofwbicl he took large quantitii , he told me had, but that he be-
lieved the medicinal partof the jam resid I holly in the sugar; and, as a reason for
thinking so, he added, that lie often foun I n same reli 1 b) ti ' in ; about half a pint
of a syrup, prepared b; boiling a little brown sugar in water, just before he went to
bed, that he did from" a dose of opium. K has been supposed by some of the early
physiciansof our. country, that the sugar obtained rom the maple tree is more medi-
cinal than that obtained from the VI st India sugar-cane ; b.ut this opinion I believe is
without foundation. It is prefi cable in i ls qualities to the West-India sugar only from
its superior cleanlines >.

It has been said that sugar injures the teeth ; but this opinion now has so few advo-
cates that it eoes not deserve a eri ms refut ition "

\ icjelus-Sal s thai "Sugar, used in a proper manner, nourishes the body, ge^
nerates good blatod, cherishes the spirits, makes peoph prolific, strengthens children
in t . Bvomb ; and this is not astonishing because it contains similar virtue to the very
sw.' 't wines.

" It is serviceable also in complaints of the throat and lungs; hoarseness and'difficulty
of breaming, arising from an acrid defluxion } for .ulcerations of Uie lungs, chest, kui-

neysj

3P6AR 1IORTUS JAMA IC EN SIS. 211

Beys, and -bladder, and to cleanse those parts from purulent matter. It eases pains of
■' ie intestin i , - iftenS the focces, and prepares ihem-for expulsion ; it cleanses wounds
an ( punctures in tlie body ; also lilms in the eyes. It removes pains in ulcers and tu-
nu irs. 1/ concocthi x, the tlux of Humours; or if they have no tendency to suppuration,
by disp rsing them."

Baptista Porta, another early writer, says " Sugar, extracted from canes, is not
odH" mcnrruplible ii> itself, but preserves all other things from corruption; sprinkled-
iipt>n wburjds it keeps them from mortifying. I have seen very large wounds cured
only with* sugar*. Therefore, sugar should he constantly used by those who wish to
prolong life; because.it will not sufferthe humours, nor the looa, in the body to pu~
trifw"

Pomet says ^"Rie white and red sugar-candy are better for rheum1?, coughs, colds,.
catarrhs, asthmas, wheezings, than common sugar ; because, being harder, they take,
longer time to melt in the mouth, and keep the throat and stomach moister than sugar
does-. Put into the eyes, in fine powder, it takes away their dimness, and heals them,
being blood-shot ; it cleanses old sores, being strewed gently on them."

Hermann says " It should not be used in large quantities by the melancholic, hypo—
cb - IriaCal, and hysterical,, nor by people in fevers, on accotuit of its proneness to
ascescenee:

': With fat broth and sal'gent, it is used in glystcrs for children ; and it is also given
to them, newly born, to relax the bowels, with oil of sweet almonds-

" Taken with oil of sweet almonds, it is a remedy for pains in the bowels "

Boerhaave observes of^sugar that it never generates phlegm, but, on the contrary,,
dissolves it. Neitherrdoes it increase the bile, or is converted into it ; but opens, at-
tenuates, and divides it. At the same time, by'dissolving the oleaginous (.articles in
the body, it may induce leanness; and by too much attenuation, produce debility, and
too gi it lexity.":

1)7. Frederick Slare, fir speaking of sugar, says, " I" will set .down an experiment I*
had from a friend : He was a little lean man, who used to drink much wine in company
of strong df inkers-; 1 asked him how he was able to bear it. He, told me that he re-
ceived much damage in his health, and was apt to be fuddled, before he uses! to dis-
solve sugar in his u in.- ; from that time he was never sick nor inllamed, nor fuddled,
with wine. He usually drank.red wine. I made use of sugar myself in red wine, and
found the like goo. I effect ; that it prevents heating my blood, or giving my head any
disturbance, it 1 drink a larger portion than ordinary. 1 allow about two ounces
of su^ar to a pint of wine ; and dare assert that this proportion will take off the.
heating quality of wine in a good measure ; and, after one has some time used himself
to add sugar to his wine, he will be pleased with the taste, and feel the comfortable and
eordial Virtue of this composition. Let those that are thin and apt to have hot hands,
and heated brains, upon drinking wine, and .can not abstain,. or be excused, from drink-
ing, take notice ol this counsel, and try it for some time; and they will be pleased with,
the delicious taste, and salubrious effects, of this saccharine addition."

" In the West-Indies," says Dr. Moseley, " the negro children, from crude v^ge»
table diet, are much afflicted with worms. In crop tune, when the canes are ripe,

Dd 2: these-

* The method of treating -fresh wounds among the Turks, is. first to wash them with wine, anil iln n sprinkle.
powdered sugar upon them. The celebrated M. BH;oste cured ob.-'J!:ate ulcers with sugar dissolved in a
strong dec- ctiori of walnut leaves. This I have found, says Dr. Moseley, to be an excellent application. Su»
gar, Jxed with the pulp of roasted oranges, ami applied to putrid or ili-tlisposcd ulcers, pious a powerful
pprrector, .

812" 1I0RTUS JAMAICENSTS. w«ar

these children nre always sucking them. Give a negro infant a niece of stigaf-dane to
suck, and the impoverished in ilk of his mother is tasteless to him. This salubrious
luxury soon changes his appearance. Worms are discharged ; his enlarged belly and
joints diminish ; his emaciated limbs increase ; and, if canes were always ripe, he vvoi . i
never be diseased, I have often seen old, scabby, waste 1 n.'groes, crawl from the h it-
houses, apparently half dead, in crop-time, and by sucking canes ail day long, they
wool soon become strong, fat, and sleaky.

" Th& restorative power of sugar., in wasted and deca}-ed habits, is recorded by se-
veral physicians, in different parts>ot\the world. I have known many people", far ad-
vanced in aniropniary consumption, recovered by the juice of the sugar-cane.

" A friend of mine, a clergvmah 'in Shropshire, has favoured me with a very inte-
resi ' , ■■ u, it of a cure performed by the list of sug r, io such a diseased state of the
Inns , ajjis generally denominated a complsj i consumption "

After relating that : various methods had failed, and all hopes of recovery lost. Dr.
M )3«l8y continues the reiatvpti in the gentleman's own words : " I did not take to the
use of sugari until I was re luc I to so weak a condition as to be unabie to take any
thing else.. Sugar was never prescribed for me byanyphysici n; but, being very
thirsty from the fever, I had a great inclination for spring water; wh?ch~ I uas not pe r-
niitt •.! ;o i ;e.e, by the affectionate relative wfeo' nursed me, without sotiie muscoyad
taiga:-, a little ginger, and a puce of toasted bread in it. Is. n be 'ame cxtiemely
fond of the'saccharine taste, and used to sweeten the water to excess. I did not take
it as n medicine, rior confine mysi if to any specific quantity : but always used it, when
m appetite or inclination s rued io require it. However, I at length used it in a con-
siderable quantity.; some d _\s to the amount, I believe, of e i.n-es; and that,
with the small portion of toasted bread put into my drink, was tlu principal pan of my
sustenance durins the greatest part of :. . Ive \ ears ; nor did it cease to be so uniil my
stomach became strong, and capable of bearing; animal fool" IV. Mosele\ adds,
" He continued in good health from the"preeeding period until the month of April,
1793, when, in consequence of a neglected; cold, he had a return of ail his former
dangerous symptoms ;,but, by recurring' to bis old regimen, he was again restored to
health, in about six months time, excepting in strength ; which he recovered Oy de-
grees. He is now in better health than he ever was before in Ids life. — 1800.?'

Li another place, the Doctor observes, '•' aged peop e, who hav no te< th, and whose
digestive faculties are impaired, and as incapable as those of infants, may, like infants,
live tin sugar I could produce many instances where aged people have been supported
nianv years by scarcely any thing but sugar.

" Taken in tea, milk, and beer, it has been found not only sufficient to sustain na-
ture, but has caused lean people to grow fat, and has increased the vigour of their bo-
dies. The late king of Sardinia ate a great quantity of sugar daily. He ate it by itself;
without dissolving it, or mixing it with any thing. It was his chief food. After his
death his body was opened, and all his viscera were perfectly sound.

" The great Di'.e of Beatif rt, as he was called, win died about an hundred years
ago, at the awe. of seventy, was opened ; his viscera was found in the same manner, as
perfect as in a person of twenty ; with his teeth white and firm. He had for fort) sears
before his death used a pound of sugar daily, in his wine, chocolate, and sweetmeats.

" Slare says, his grandfather, M Malory, was strong and chearful in his eighty se-
cond year ; at which rime bis hair changed somewhat dark; his old teeth came oHt,
pushed away by young ones ; which continued so to do until he had a new set of teeth

complete.

SUGAR

IIOTITUS JAMAICENSIS. £11

complete He lived eas}-, and free from pain, or sickness, until his hundredth year,
when he died. He used Sugar to a great degree in all his Ibu I, vegetable an 1 am nal ;
and d i hted in -allunanner of sweetmeats He says, he followed the practice of his
gi ndfather, a, id used sugar in every thing he aie and drank . and, in the sixty-seventh
ys'ar of his age ail l»s teeth were sound, and firm, and in their full numb', r.

f* I knovy, a person at this time, ibou't eighty years old, who has lived. for several
3 e n-3 aim >.st on sugar ; and is as healthy and strong, and as youthful in appearance as
most peopie at rift .

" The cause of this fon Iness for sugar, was a paralytic affection, with which she was
attaeked nearly twenty years ago, which prevented her, for a considerable time, swal-
lowing any tiling but fluids, i: which a portion of srigai "as dissolved.

" Her diet novi cons ists of sugar, and the simple vehicles in which it is taken ; these
are tea. milk, gruel, barley- watei^ roasted and boiled apples, and beer generally for
supper "

Mr. Edwards, in bis History of the West-Indies, has very justly observed that, " The
time of crop in the sugar islands is the season of gladness and festivi y to man and beast.
So palatable, salutary, and nourishing, is the juice of the cane, that e/very individual
of the animal creation, drinking freely of it, derives health and vigour fiom its use.
The meagre and sickly among the negroes exhibit a surprising alteration in a few weeks
alter the mill is set in action. The labouring horses, oxen, andmutes, though almost
constantly at work during this season, yet, being indulged with plenty of green tops of
tiiis noble plant, and some of the scummings from the boiling house, improve more
than at any other period of the year. Even the pigs and poultry fatten on the refuse."

?' He," says Slare, " tli rt undertakes to argue against sweets in general, takes upon
hirri»a Very difficu ft task ; for nature seenis to have recommended this taste to all sorts
of creatures ; the birds of the air, the beasts of the field, many reptiles and Mies, seem
•to be pleased and delighted with the specific relish of all sweets, and to distaste its con-
trary Now the sugar-cane, or sugar, I hold for the top and highest standard ot ve-
getable sweets."

From the sugar-cane a pleasant drink is made in Jamaica, as follows: Take six or
seven long sugar-canes, cm them in pieces, beat them in a mortar, put them into a
a kettle, with about tnree gallons of water, boil them for a preyy while, then put as
many fresh canes, and about a gallon of water more, boil them again. When it is cooi,
strain your drink, set it in a jar, and put to it the white of an egg, beat 10 iro h, to
which some of the liquor is added; let it work twelve hours, then bottle it. It looks
very clear.

The following is an account of the exports of sugar from Jamaica, agreeable to the
naval officer's returns, since the year 1790 :

Tear Hhds. Tierce.1;. Barrels.

17^1 8.5,447 8037 1718

1792 85,980 7151 1242

1793 87,412 6581 829

1794 90 056 11,417 1305

1795 93,013 10,275 1292

1796 There was no return.

1797 78,373 9963 753

Yectt

Mi, HORTUS .TAMAICENSIS, s«n-

Yc-ar Hluh Tierces. Bih.

U798 87,896 11,725 1163

17 .9 101, 457 13,538 1321

\m0> 96,3-17 13,519 1631

180! 123,251 18,704 2699;

JS02 12.9,544 15,405 2*403

fcS03- ' 107,387. 11,825 17-97

1804 103.615 12,594 2224*

1805 137,906 '. .....17,977 368ft

1806 133,996 18,237 '. 337?.

1807 123,175 17,344 3716

1808 121,444 15,836 262*

1809 104,457 14,586 6G8

1810 108,703 .... 45^0 3719

3811 127,751 15,235 3046

1812 105,283 11,3.57 255.8

SUN FLOWER. HELIANTHUS.

Cl. 19, OR. 3. — Syngenesia polygamic; fvustranca. Nat. oa. — Composite.

This generic name is derived from two Greek words signifying sun and flower.

Gen. char. — Common calyx imbricate, somewhat squarrose; compound corolla ra--
diate, down- two-leaved; receptacle chaffy, flat.

ANNUL-?. ANNUAL

All the leaves cordate, three-nerved, peduncles thickened, flowers drooping.

Hoot annual ; stem single or branched, from five to fourteen feet in height; leaves.
alternate, rough, serrate, acuminate, hanging down at the end, on long petioles.
Flower single, (sometimes several), nodding, a f >ot or more in diameter. Gerarde
mentions one that flowered in his garden sixteen inches in diameter, in weight three
pounds two ounces. The semi-florets are of a beautiful golden colour. The seeds are
numerous (Baukin mentions two thousand three hundred and sixty two in a -flower),
black, variegated, or white, and when they have quitted their cells, the receptacle
looks like a honey-comb. The whole plant, and particularly the flower, exudes a thin.
pellucid odorous resity resembling Venice turpentine. This is a very.Jbeautiful and
ornamental plant in a garden, and very generally cultivated in Jamaica, where it thrives
luxuriantly. Of this species there are several varieties ; and two others have been in-.
troduced, the indicus and tabcrosos. The seeds are eaten by poultry, and an useful
oil may be extracted from them. Their uses as a food for cattle and poultry have lately
been pointed out by Mr. Saunders, of Stroud, in an entertaining paper ; he mentions,,
among other- particulars, the following, whicb appear of the most importance: " rie
tried this seed as a food for swine, horses, poultry, and rabbits ; all which eat it eagerly,
and derive good nourishment from it. He computes that the produce from an acre
would be very great, not Jess than from fifty to sixty sacks; and gives the following
Calculation on the subject :

" Every sun flower plant, allowing it the liberal space of three square- foet of Jand to

grov,

for : • . IIO R T U S JAM A 1 C E N S 1 3. 2 1 9

jnfro v on, will yield, at .an average, a pinf of seeJ, or five thousand graniS. A grain
pfsurc-l .' id'is twice the size of'a gnuiiiOf wiieata A bushel of wheat, weighing
sixty-tn Is, will contain six hundred and sixteen thonsand grains, consequently

I ■..'. -..r.'-.i ■■. . ;■ :ed will contain but half that number, or three hundred and
ei ii : I Ifi singl • plant yields five thousand grains, sixty four will produce

t ir ■• hmi In d aii I twenty thousand, which is an excess-oftwel've thousand grains ab ire
what wo ild red to fillabusbel. A i English acre consist! of fortythree..tho'usand

1 • • and red and si ty square feet, and allowing three feet 'to /each plant, will therefore
coii' burteen thou >an I hve hundred and twenty 'plants ; which, at sixty four plants
to ■ . !, will : 2!2G bushels, or fifty six sacks- and a half, at four bushels to the
sack ; which a Mounts to twenty-eight quarters of seed over and above the twelve thou-
sa i I grains sufpdus of each i ashel ; wliich for the whole a'cre woulcl be nearly equal to
nine sacks more", that are all lived for depredation , of birds and f >r waste. This would
be a vast product of grain considering that wheat yields bat five quarters to the acre.
Mr. sauhders aeconiUs-iforthis extraordinary produce, by stating that the sun-flower
plant spreads its branches and heads in successive layers, one over another, somewhat
after the manner of apple trees.

*' lie states also tliat the stalks of the plants would make good fuel, of which an acre
wonl ; yield from three -to nine waggon loads; and that they might be formed ir.to
hurdles for enclosing sheep.

''The leaves of the sun-flower would afford an excellent green food for cattle ; rabbits
eat it greedily ; and there is no reason why it should not answer equally well for other
animals.

" The seeds are generally sown in February or March, but some suppose that it would
be betterto sow them i i November or December. They should be dibbled into holes
three feet asunder, in rows a .foot apartj When the siipernumerarj plants arise they
should be thinned nut with the hoe. It would be better to pull the plants up when
ripe, than tocut them, becayse of their woody nature, and to prevent scattering the
seed. They should be left in the field some time to dry after being pulled, and should
then be bouud with tarred twine, and stacked in small sheaves in the field, with the
heads inclining inwards ; they might afterwards, when perfectly dry, be stacked in the
same manner as corn. Mr. Saunders thinks the seeds might be used as food for man,
as thev have a pleasant taste, like a nut, and children often are fond of them. Bees
eagerly seek the flowers, and it is supposed much advantage might be obtained from
the honey they would produce."

The only objection that appears against the cultivation of the sun-flower plant, arises
Ifoui the great inequality with which the heads ripen, but perhaps means might be
found to diminish the inconvenience this would occasion ; and the cultivation of them
is at least worth a fair trial, from the many advantages of it pointed out.

Sun-Flower, Tickseided — See Ticksekded Sun-Flower.

SUPPLE-JACK. PAULLINIA.

Cl. 8, or. 3. — Octandrid trigynia. Nat. or. — Trihilata.
This was so named, from Simon Pauili, professor of botany at Copenhagen.

Gen*

•2IS HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. suriana.

Gen. char. — Calyx a five-leaved perianth ; leaflets ovate, concave, spreading, per-
manent; the two outer opposite, one of the inner larger : corolla four- petal edj
petals ovate, oblong, twice as large as the calyx, clawed ; two more distant : nec-
taries two; one fntr-petaled, inserted into the claws. or" the corolla; the other
four glands at the base of the petals : stamens eight simple filaments, short, united
at the base, with small anthers : the pistil has a turbinate germ, three-sided,
blunt ; styles three filiform, short, stigmas simple spreading : the pericarp a lartje
three-side I capsule, three-celled, three valved ; seeds solitary obovate. Foul'
species of this genus are natives of Jamaica.

1. CURRaSSAVICA. CURACOA.

Sarmenlosa, foliis ternato-lcrnafis, ad apices crenatts ; infimis mi-
noribus, quctndoqiie tantum auritis. Browne, p. 21-2.
Leaves biternate, all the petiolets margined, branches unarmed.

This. plant is very Common in the woods. It has a slender, ligneous, flexile, stalk,
and generally rises to a considerable height, with the helpof the neighbouring bushes.
For its-toughness and flexibility it is usually cut into junks, barked, and used for rid-
ing switches, and the larger pieces for walking sticks ; and many are annually remitted
to Great-Britain. After being kept some lime they become very brittle, and apt to
split, unless rubbed row and then with oil. The juice of the leaves is a great vulner-
ary ; and the fruit, or pea, intoxicates fish. — Browne and Long.

1. P1NNATA. PINNATED.

Pisum tordaCum non veslcarium. Sloai:e, v. I, , p. 239.

Leaves pinnate, petioles margined, leaves shining; stem round, smooth, brown,
rising, by the help of neighbouring trees, twenty le< t ; leafl :ts nine, place. I by threes
onthesatne common footstalk, the centre leaf of each three the largest; they are
smooth, of a y*llowish green colour. On the tops' of the branches come out the
flowers, on branched twigs, having small clavicles; the capsule is triangular, mem-
branaceous- at the edges ; haying three large, black, shining, almost round seeds, with
awhitehilus. ft grows between Passage-Fort and Spanish -Town, and on the red
hills, very plentifully. The fruit bruised and put into water intoxicates fish. The
green K ives bruised, or their juice, is good for wounds, being vulnerary and cleansing
i hem. — i'loane.

3. DIVARICATE. DIVARICATE.

Leaves biternate, leaflets ovate acute, mostly entire, petioles naked, panicles
divaricating, wings of the capsules ovate.

4. MEXICANA. MEXICAN.

Leaves biternate^ all the petioles margined, stem prickly. i

This species was observed in several parts of Clarendon, ly Mr. A. Robinson.

No English Name. SVRI \\".\.

Cl. 10, or. 4, — Decandria pevtagynia, Nat. ok. — Succulent*.
So named hi honour of Joseph Dom.i Suriau.

Gen.

swallow HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 2i<7

Gex. CHAR.— Calyx a five-leaved perianth, leaflets lanceolate, acuminate, perma-
nent : corolla five petaled, petals obovate, length of the calvx, spreading-; sta-
mens ten filaments, filiform, shorter than tie corolla, with simple anthers: the
pistil has five roundish germs; styles solitary, filiform, erect, length of the sta-
mens, inserted into' the middle and innerside of the germ ; stigmas obtuse; no
pericarp; seeds five, roundish. There is only one species, a native of Jamaica.

maritima. maritime

Stem shrubby, a fathom high, unarmed; branches erect, subdivided, round, rugged,
cicatrised with the fallen leaves, glaucous, pubescent; leaves Clustered in bundles to-
wards the ends of the branchless; erect, wedged, biunush, short, nerveless, veinless,
(hiekish, viltose-pubescent, pale green, on very short petioles. Peduncles terminat-
ing and axillary, shorter than the leaves from three to live flowered; flowers small,
yellow; number of stamens always five. Specimens from New Caledonia had ten
stamens. This is also made teornefsrtia suffruticosa. — Sec Basketwithe, vol. 1, p. 55,

SURINAM POISON. GALEGA.

Cl. 17, or. 4. — Dtadelphia Iccandria. Nat. or. — Papihonaccx,
Gen. char.. — See Goat Rue, v. 1, p. 326.

TOXICARIA. INTOXICATING.

Cytisus 2. Fructicosus erectus et villt'sus ; foliis plurimis pinnittisi
spicis fiorum tevmindlibus. Browne, p. 296.

Spikes terminating, peduncled, legumes cylindric, pcdicelled, spreading,
stem and leaflets hoary, tomentose.

This is a spreading shrubby plant, and rises generally to the height of five or six
feet. It was introduced from the South American continent, and is cultivated here for
the sake of its qualities The leaves and branches, being pounded and thrown into a
pond, or into a river (where the current is very gentle) are stirred about, and take al-
most immediate effect All the fish are presently intoxicated, and rise to the surface,
where thev float with their bellv upwards, as if they were dead, and are easily taken.
The larger ones soon recover from their trance ; but great part of the smaller fry pe-
rish on these occasions. It seems therefore to be a very pernicious mode of fishing ;
and, indeed, is not much practised, except in the holes of the mountain rivers, which
abound with excellent mullets, but are so deep, that the fish cannot well be caught by
any other means. — Browne and Long.

See Goat Rue and Red Bean Tree.

SWALLOW WORT. ASCLEPIAS.

Cl. .5, or. 2. — Pentandria digynia. Nat. OR. — Contort*.

Gen. char. — See Bastard Ipecacuanha, vol. 1. p. 65. The following species are als«
natives of Jamaica.

V©L. II. Ee 1. eitJANTEA.

218 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. swallow

1. G1GANTEA. GIGANTIC.

Fnttcscens inctma, foliis majoribits svbrotundis, petiolis brcvissimis,
floribus umbellatis. Browne, p. 182, A. 1.
Leaves ovate-oblong, petioles very short, segments of the corolla reflex, invo-
lute.
This rises six or seven feet in height, the leaves opposite, thick, downy, flowers of a dirty
white colour, pods large. The nectaries do no.fc put forth awl-shaped horns, hut'solid
converging plates. Browne calls it auricula, or French Jasmin, common in all the sa-
vannas about Kingston and Old-Harbour ; the trunk pretty much divided above the.
root, and the branches furnished, with large roundish leaves, which seem to. embrace
the. ii at their insertions, from the shortness of the pedicels, which are bearded at top.
The hark of this plant is whitish and spungy, and the leaves beset with a whitish down ;
the flowers 'are disposed in umbellated groupes at ihe extremities of the branches, and
succeeded by so many large oval follicles. This plant abounds with a milky juice, and.,
•is sometimes called French cotton. It is said to be destructive to sheep.

2. TOMENTOSA. DOWNY.

Scandcns villoma major, foliis et capsidis major ibus oralis. Brswiie, p,
183, A. 4.
Browne calls this the climbing asclepias, with large pods, which he found in St. Tho-
mas in the East, generally supported by the help of neighbouring bushes, or found
creeping among the rocks; the pods are smooth and oval, and seldom under two inches
in the transverse diameter. It has all the appearance of themechuacanna of Hernandez,
find do not doubt its being the same.— Browne.

3. YIMlN'Al.IS. TWIGGY.

Apocynum fruticosum scandens, genista Hispanic* facie, floribus
lacteis odoralis. Sloane, v. i. p. 207, t. 131, f. 1. Funkulucea
Ixte scandens, foliis rarioi ibus corduto-lanceolatis floribus umbelta-
tisri Browne, p. 183, A. 3.

Stem suffruticose, twining, filiform, leaves opposite, lanceolate, smooth; um-
bels lateral, many- flowered.
Hoot the size of the little finger, stem branching like the Spanish broom ; the
branches turn round trees and rise thirty feet high. Towards the top, at every two or
three inches distance, are small two inches long twigs, set opposite, each of which lias
two velvety leaves also opposite, from the same joint grows the peduncle supporting
six or eight flowers, umbel fashion, each of which has its particular peduncle, of a milk,
white colour. — Sloane. This plant rises by slender weakly stalks, anti frequently
spreads itself to the distance of some yards from the main root ; it is furnished with very
few leaves, but has a good many flowers disposed in large umbellated groupes. The
whole plant is of a dark green colour, very full of milk, and common in the larger in-
'and woods. — Browne.

See Bastard Ipecacuanha.

Sweet Broomwei'D — Ste Liquorice;
Sweet Cassada— - See Cassapa.

SWEET.-

sweet IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS 219

SWEET POTATOE. CONVOLVULUS.

Cl. 5, OR. 1. — Pentandriamonogynia. Nat. OR. — Campanacete.
&EN. char. — See Bindweeds, v. 1, p. 88.

BvTTATAS POTATOE.

Convolvulus radice tuberosa esculenta, spinachia folio, florc albo, fundo
purpurea, semint 'post singulosfiores singulo. Sloane, v. 1, p. 150.
Iicpensjloribus paucioribus, pedunculis longis alaribus, radice crusso
carnoso albo. Browne, p. 154.
Leaves cordate hastate, five-nerved, stem creeping, tuber-bearing, hispia.

The root is tuberous, of various sizes ; stein roundish, a little cornered, creeping to
a considerable distance on the ground, and puting forth tubers, leaves, and flowers;
the I laves are cordate-angular, on long petioles. The peduncles axillary, the flowers
[] purple. There are several varieties in the colour and shape of the root, some
bem; reddish, some white, some yellow, some long, and some round, others irregu-
1. shapi I. They form a considerable article of agreeable and nourishing food in the
VI t-Indies, and are generally cultivated in negro grounds.

The sweet potatoes rise From slips, and are cultivated by laying a few short junks of
*h» stem, or the larger"branches, in shallow trendies, with interspaces, and covering
them with mould from the banks. The roots come to maturity in three or four months,
and the propagr.'r in is continued by covering the stems, bits, and smaller protuberances
\\ tli mould, as they dig up tin.- more perfect roots for use. The leaVesare good fodder
for horses, sheep, goats, or rabbits Th : foots pounded are often made into a kind of
pudding, cailed here uponv, which is baked, and, with the addition of a few ring-tailed
pigeons, justly esteemed a nourishing and relishing dish. Boiled, mashed, and fer-
mented, they make a pleasant cool drink, called mob by ; and distilled afford an excels
lent spirit. The-, will also ma&e-an excellent bread mixed with flour ; for this purpose
thev are boiled til] they begin to crack, or that tiie skin peels off readily ; they are then
peeled and bruised (while they are hot) in a mortar, till not a lump remains in them.
This operation is performed in the evening before the bread is to be baked. The next.
operation is, to dilute them well with as much boiling water as is necessary to give
them the consistence of dough. Then, after mixing them well with the leaven and
tiour, the whole is well kne; h I together as quick as possible, and the dough covered
with a cloth, in a warm place till it rises. The water that is used ought to be boiling
hot 'or it will not answer suffi< iently, and is poured upon the potatoe-mass before the
flour is added. The heat of the oven is to be the same as for other bread, except that
it must !>;" ratlier slackened to prevent this bread from taking too much colour, and it is
in the highest perfection when thoroughly baked.

The proportion of flour varies according to fancy or necessity ; there must be at least

-one third part flour to make it eatable ; but that which is made with an equal quantity,

or a little more, is best. It will then be well tasted, wholesome, very nourishing, easy

of digestion, and will retain its moisture many days longer than other bread; acirctun-

gtaViee which recommends i< ilarly to common use in this climate.

It mi^ht be worth the trial, whether putting a small piece of chaw-stick, viz. about
one or two inches length, into the water, just before it begins to boil, might not so im-
pregnate it with air, as to cause the dough to rise better, and render the bread much
lighten or a spoonful of water in which the stick has been infused for several hours,
jni"-ht be added after the boiling water is poured on. — Lo>ig, p. 774.

* Ee2 See

220 H 0 R TV $ J \ M A I C E N S I S. «rWEET*ar»«»B

tft'e BiNDIVEEDS, ClIHI-TMAsG MB' L. I nDIAN CREEPER, Pl/UGING-SJ Av-BUSB ,y 'EtB*.

Swep.t-S.op — See bouR-Soi?.

Sweet- William — iVc Indian Creeper.

SWEETWOODU LAURirg.

Cl. 9, or. i. — E.nneandriamanogynia, NaT. ok. — holoracct*

#e . Char. — Sec Avocado Pear, vol. i. p. 37.

1. BORBONIA. BOURBON.

La urns folio hngior/e, flore hexapetah rvcemeso, fimetu kamittftirif?
Sloane, v. 2, p, 21, t. 165 Foliis oblmigo ovatis, alternis, vevos s ,
r.acemis ttrm'nalibus, calicibus simplicibus. Browne, p 213

Leaves oblong lanceolate, perennial, veined, fruits oblong, immersed in a;
berried receptacle.
This tree is called timber sweetwood, and rises to a considerable size ; the branches
are nuin thus. The leaves are pedicelled and grow without order, they are larger than
th ise of the common bay trees, being fr quently seven inches long and two broad, tiiey
are shining, hard, smooth, thin, with middle and transverse nerves; when broken
they have an agreeable smell. The flowers come out in long scattered bunches to-
war Is the en. Is ol the branches, of a white colour, with reddish peduncles : the berries
are blackish blue, having within the pulp one kernel. This tree grows in great abund-
ance in the lower hills in Jamaica, and is esteemed an excellent timberwood ; its leaves
vary between oval and -oblong, according to the soil and age. The wood, leaves, and
flowers have an agreeable smell Pigeons feed upon the berries, which is thought to
give their flesh a bitter flavour

2. l.EUCOXVLON. WHITE-WOOD.

" Foliis venom oval is, fruclu majori, calicibus (icnidis, laciniis refiexis.
Browne, p 214.
Leaves oblong lanceolate, flat, perennial, racemes shorter than the leaves,
calyxes incrassated, warted
This is called loblolly sweetwood or white wood, also common in Jamaica. The ber-
ries are as large as cherries, plump and black, and the cups pretty thick and swelling.
The leaves and tender shoots make excellent fodder for cattle. — Brown*. The woo^-
is soft and unfit for building.

See Avocado Pear, Bay Trees, Benjamin, Camphire, Cogwootk

SWITCH SORREL. DODONEA.

Cl. 8, or 1. — Octandria monogynia. Nat. or.— Dumosa ?

This was so named in honour of Rembert Dodonaeus, a famous botanist of the
sixteenth century.
Gen ch.\r. — Cal)x a four-leaved flat perianth ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, concave, de-
ciduous ; no coroiia ; stamens eight very short filaments ; anthers oblong, bowed,

converging^

SYMPtocos HORTUS JAMAICENSTfl. 221*

converging, length of the calyx ; the pistil has a three-sided germ, length, of the
calyx ; style c\ limine three-furrowed upright ; stigma slightly three-cleft, a little
acute; pericarp a three-furrowed capsule, inflated, three-celled, with large mem-
branaceous corners; seed in twos roundish. There are two species, both natives
oi Jamaica.

1. VISCOSA. VISCOUS.

Aceri vel paliufo ajjinis, angusto oblongo ligu <iri folio, flore letrapctule
herbaeeo. SLoane, v. 2, p. 27, t. 162. f. 3.

Leaves oblong.

This tree grows about twelve feet high, sending up from the root several stems,
ab .in the bigness >>( a man's leg, covered with a light brown loose bark, like linear. led
hemp ; the branches are upright, reddish, brown ; leaves of various sizes from three
to lour inches long, surf, spear-shaped, of a light green, growing with their points-
upright, on short footstalks ; the flowers are produced at the ends of the branches, in
short racemes, each on a slender footstalk about an inch long; they are'of a greenish
colour. Gasrtner describes toe capsule as membranaceous, thin, netted with veins,
two or three-celled, three-valved ; the valves boat-shaped, the keel widened out into a
membranaceous, broad,, rounded, edge ; partitions fastened to the axis of the fruit,
which continues after the valves-have fallettoff; it is three-sided, and the seeds are
fixed to the middle of it by two very small tubercles : seeds roundish, turgidly lenticu-
lar, but very sharp edged towards the back, hard, smooth, black. Sloane says this
grows at Old- liai hour by the sea side, and on the red-hills, plentifully ..

2. ANGUSTIFOUA. NARROW-LEAVED.

E recta fruticosa, fohis oblong is acuminatis ramulis gracilibus. Browne^
p. 191, t IS, I. 1. Tnoptens 1.

Leaves linear.

This resembles the foregoing, only the leaves are lanceolate linear. It is a constant
inhabitant 6t the mountains, particularly the red-hills; some of the perianths have
five leaves, and the stamens vary from six to nine. This seldom rises more than six
feet, and both the trunk and branches are flexile and tapering. The taste of the whole
ef these plants is acerb and bitterish.

No English Name. SYMPLOCOS.

Cl. 18, or. 4. — Potyttdtlphia polyandria. Nat. or. — Guaiacaii/e.

^EM. char. — Calyx a one leafed bell-shaped perianth, five-cleft; corolla five o£
eight petais, erect at the base, spreading a! ove ; stamens very many filaments, in
four rows, growing to i he tube of the corolla ; anthers roundish ; the pistil has a
superior roundish germ, a filiform style the length of the stamens, and a headed
sub-trifid stigma; the pericarp a five-celled drupe; seeds many. Swartz disco-
^ere J on ~ species in Jamaica.

OCTOPETALA. EIGHT PETALEP,

glowers eight petaled,

222 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS'. tabernjEMOntaka

No English Name. ' TABEKN^IONTANA.

Ci.. 5, or. 1. — Pentandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Contort*.

This is named in memory of James Theodore, sirnamed Taberncemontanus, wbe
published some botanical works, and died in 1590.

Gen. char. — Calyx a five-cleft acute perianth, converging, very small ; corolla one-
petaled, funnel form, tube cylindric, long ; border five-parted, segments obtuse ;
nectary five glands, bifid, standing round the germ : stamens five very small fila-
ments, from the middle of the tube, with converging anthers : the pistil has two
simple germs, an awl -shaped style, and oblong beaded stigma : the pericarp two
follicles, horizontally refiexed, ventricose, acuminate, one-celled, one-valved ;
seeds numerous ovate-oblong, obtuse, wrinkled, immersed in pulp, imbricate.
Three species are natives of Jamaica.

1. LAURlFOLiA. LAUREL-LEAVED.

Nerium arboreum folio laliore obtusr, /lore luteo minore. Sloane, v.
2, p. 62, t. 1S6, f. 2. Frutescens foliis subniudis ovatis venosis.
Browne, p. 182.

Leaves opposite, oval, bluntish.

Stem as thick as the human leg, fifteen feet high ; bark whitish, smooth ; branches
crooked, towards their ends grow the leaves, which are on inch long pedicels, four
inches long and two broad, of a lucid green, nerved and smooth. The flowers arc ax-
illary, in clusters, peduncled, yellow, and sweet scented The pods are forked like
horns. It grew on the banks of the liio-Cobrc, under the town of St. Jago de la Vega.
Sloane.

•2. DISCOLOR. TWO-COLOURED.

Leaves opposite ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles axillary, two-flowered.
This is a shrub a fathom in height, with a smooth ash-coloured bark ; branches iud-
dichotomous, spreading, round, with four-cornered smooth branchlets. Leaves en-
tire, very slightly nerved, smooth on both sides, deep green above, pale beneath ; pe-
tioles middling, angular, smooth; peduncles terminating, filiform, half an inch long ;
pedicels longer titan the peduncles, one flowered, Flowers whitish or yellowish, small;
calvcine segments erect, acute; tube of the corolla half an inch long, swelling at the
base and in th'e middle ; segments at the-border roundish, waved, twisted; filaments
inserted into the middle of the tube ; anthers ovate, within the lube; stigma headed.
S'wartz.

3. CITRIFOLIA. CITRON-LEAVED.

Leaves opposite, ovate ; flowers lateral, glotnerate-umbelied.

This rises with an upright woody stalk to the height ol fifteen or sixteen feet, covered
with smooth gray bark, abounding with milky juice, and sending out several branches
from the side, which grow erect and have many joints. Leaves thick, milky, from live
to six niches long, and two inches broad in the mid lie, drawing toa point at each end;
they are of a lucid green, have many transverse wins, and stand opposite on footstalks
an inch long The flowers' come on tin roundish axillary .branches, small, of a bright
yellow colour, and have a:i agreeable odour ; the tube of the corolla is half an in< h long,

the

TA'.rARtvD HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. S-'3

the brim cut into five acute points, which spread open like those of common jasmine*
Marfj/u's Milter.

TAMARIND TREE. TAMARINDUS".

Cl. 16, OR. I. — Monadelphia Iriandria. Nat. OR. — Lomentacr.r.

This name is derived from tamar, the Arabic name for the date.

Gen. chap,. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth ; tube turbinate, compressed, attenuated
below, permanent, mouth oblique ; border four-parted deciduous ; segments
ovate, acute, flattishj refiexed, coloured, the' upper and lower a little wider : co-
rolla, three petals, ovate, concave, acute, crenate, waved, reflexed, length of
the calyx, inserted into the mouth <>f the tube ; the two lateral ones a little longer :
stamens three filaments, inserted into the orifice of the calyx at the void sinus,
length of the corolla, awl-shaped, united below up t > the middle, bowed towards
the corolla : anthers ovate, incumbent, large. Threads five (rudiments of sta-
mens), alternate with the filaments, and united below but separate above, bristle-
shaped, beaded, very short, the two lateral enes lower than the otheis : bristles
two, springing from "the calyx below the filaments, aid incumbent on them, very
small. The pistil has a germ, oblong, compressed, curved in, placed on a pedi-
cel fastened to the bottom of the calyx, and growing longitudinally to its tube under
the back, beyond the tube with the upper margin villose-; rtyle awl-shaped, ascend-
in;;, pubescent on the lower margin, a little longer than tlie stamens; stigma
thickened obtuse : the pericarp is an oblong legume, compressed, blunt with a.
point, swelling at the seeds, covered with a double rind, the outer dry and brittle,
the inner membranaceous, a soft pulp between both ; one-celled, not operiing :
Seeds few, angular roundish, piano-compressed, shining, hard. There is only
one species.

I.NDICA. INDIAN.

Difj'usus foliolis pinnatis pinnis distichis alternis. Browne, p. 125.
Tamarindus. Sloane, v 2, p. 45.

This tree is a native of both Indies, where it grows to a very large sizej the stem co-
vered with a brown bark, and dividing into many branches, which spread wide in every
direction, with a very thick an I beautiful foliage. The leaves are pinnate, composed of
sixteen or eighteen pairs of leaflets, without a single one at the end (Houreiro says
they sometimes have one), they are ovate-oblong, quite entire, smooth, sessile, of a
bright green, spreadin > during the day, but closing, so as to lie over each other in the
night ; they have an acid taste. The flowers come out from the sides of the branches,
on a long upright common peduncle, six or more together, in loose bunches : corolla
yellow, with red veins ; the three petals ovate-lanceolate, unequal, spreading. Par-
tial peduncles half an inch long, with a joint, by which the flower turns inwards. The
pods are thick and compressed, from two to five inches in length, with two, three,
or four, seeds. Swartz describes the calyx as four-ieaved ; the three petals unequal,
spreading, deciduous, with a void cleft as it were for two others ; the two upper ones
the length of the calyx, ovate, acute, and channelled at the base, the middie one
smaller and cowled ; three fertile filaments and seven very short barren ones; anthers

oblong,

224 IfORTUS JAMAICE NSIS. tmiabdw

oblong, versatile : germ sabre-shaped, bowed, three-cornered ; legume one-celled,
containing from three to six seeds. Linneus placed this tree in the class triandria, but
later botanists have more properly assigned it that of monadelphia. The timber
of the tamarind, although it is a tree of quick growth, is heavy, firm, and hard,
and may be converted into many useful parts of building The fruit is used
bo in foo and medicine; the »ulp is connect 1 to the seeds by numerous
toi strings; as a medicine, Dr. Gqllen was of opinion that it is best pre-

ser i,i the pods, The use of this fruit was first learned from the Arabians,

i; contains a larger proportion of acid with saccharine matter, than is usually
' in the acid dulcet fruits, an 1 is therefore nut only employed as a laxa-

tive, but also for abating thirst and heat in various inflammatory complaints, and for
correcting putrid disorders, especially those if a bilious kind ; in which the cathartic,
ant: Frisjerant qualities of the fruit have been found equally useful. When

. ,a axative it may be of advantage to join it with manna, or purgatives
of a sweet ki id, b « liich its use is rendered safer and more effectual. Three drachm*
of .; . pulp are usn illy sufficient to open the body ; but, to prove moderately cathartic,
one or two ounces are require I. The leaves are sometimes used i:i sub-acid infusions j
and \ unassays, a decoction of them kills the worms in children The fruit is fre-
qu "■"'. made an ingredient in punch, and seldom fails to open the body; mixed with
a lecoction of borrage it is reputed excellent in allaying heat of urine, proceeding
fr >m a venereal cause. A good vinegar may be made from the fruit ; a very agreeable
cooling rink is made by simply mixing water with a few spoonfuls of it when preserved.

This tree is exceedingly common in Jamaica, grows to a vast bulk, and thrives well
in the savanna lands, but best in deep, rich, brick, mould.

The fruit, or pods, are gathered in June, July, and August, attaining sooner to ma-
tu tj in some parts than in others. The usual method of preparing the fruit for ex-
portation is as follows: .Tne pods are gathered when full ripe, which is known by their
fragility, or easy breaking on a small pressure, between the finger and thumb. The
fruit taken out ol the pod, an ! cleared from the shelly fragments i-, placed in lay* rs,
in a cask, and the boiling syrup from the teacke or first copper in the boiling house, just
before it begins to granulate, is poured in, till the cask is filled; the syrup pervades
every part quite to the bottom, and, when cool, the cask is headed for sale. The moie
elegant method is, with sugar well clarified with eggs, till a clear transparent syrup is
ned, which gives the fruit a much pleasanter fl ivour.

The East-India tamarind differs not from that of the West-Indies, but the pulp of
the fruit is preserved without sugar, and exported to Europe in tins form, which is
better adapte I for an ingredient in medicinal compositions.

The dut\ payable in Great- Britain upon the sugar preserved tamarind is so high,
that it cannot answer as a remittance ; but, if sent as a drug, that is, the pulp carefully
separated from the seeds, put in jars and we!; covered from the air by a covering of
oiled paper, and waxed cloth, it might be a profitable article of remittance. The pulp
winhl possibly be better secured from mouldiness, by giving it a gentle heatin an oven,
bv which the cinder parts may be evaporated, and die \ irtue of what remains not in the
least diminished — Long, p. 7J9.

A better mode than the usual of preparing preserved tamarinds is to put alternate
layers of tamarinds and pqwdered sugar in a stone jar; In this means the tamarinds
preserve their coloulc and taste trf,re agreeably. The seeds too, of tamarinds thus pre-
pared^

TERAMsra TORTUS JAMAICENST'S. £2*

pared, will \regetate easily ; and this method conveys ahint for sending succulent ber«
vies an 1 seeds in tamarinds from abroad. Dr. Zimmerman prescribes tamarinds in pu-
trid dysentery. I commonly add a portion of Epsom salts till stools are procured ; af-
terwards tamarinds alone till the disorder is cared. In obstinate dysenteries I have often
found five grains of calomel act like a charm, whether the disorder was kept up by bi-%
fious obstructions or worms. — Wright,

Tamarind, wild — See Wild Tamarind,

TANSET. TANACETUM.

Cl. 19, on. 2. — Syngenesia polygamic, super/hia. NaT. om.—Composit&r
Gen. char. — Common calyx imbricate, hemispherical ; rays of the corolla obsolete^
trifid, (sometimes none> and all the florets hermaphrodite). Down, submarginaie;
receptacle naked.

YULGARE. COMMON.

Leaves bipinnatifid, gash-serrate, naked.

This plant is a native of Europe, but thrives very well in most parts of Jamaica. It
lias a fibrous creeping root, and spreads- to a considerable distance. Leaves alternate,,
deep green ; pinnules lawceolate deeply and acutely serrate. The flowers are in ter-
minating corymbs and of a golden colour, and flattish. This herb has a bitter ta-teand
aromatic smcIL It is esteemed of use in warming and strengthening the stomach ; for
which reason- the young leaves have obtained a place among the culinary herbs, their
juice being an ingredient in. puddings, &c. It is rarely used in medicine though ex-
tolled as a good emmenagogue, anthelmintic, and resolvent. A drachm of the dried
flowers has been found very beneficial in hysteric disorders arising from suppression.
The seeds and leaves were in considerable esteem for destroying worms in children, and
are reckoned good in cholics and flatulencies. I'd some parts of Sweden and Lapland a
bath with a decoction of this plant is made use of to assist parturition Cows and sheep
eat it ; horses, goats, and swine-, refuse it. If dead animal substance be rubbed witU
this plant, the rU'su fly will not attack it. The common wav of using it as a medicine
is in decoction, drank as tea. An essential oil is extracted from this plant.

Tansey, Wh o — See Lave^Ia and Wild Tansey.
Tayo— See Cocoes.

No English Name. TERAMNUS.

Cl. 17, or.. 4. — Diadelphia decandria. NaT. or. — Papiliomee<e.

Cen.CIIar-- — Calyx a one-leaved perianth, two-lipped ; upper lip a little larger,,
bifid; lower three-toothed* teeth acute, erect, approximating; corolla papilio-
naceous; standard obcordate, spreading, erct, bent down a little ; wings length
of the standard,, erect, approximating, rounded at the top ;. keel very small, con-
%&~ H. *f ceaied

J22€ HORTUS J AM AI C E N SI S. tehnstkoemia

cealed at the base by the calyx between the,lower part of the wings, bipartite, co-
vering the stamens : stamens ten filaments, five very small and barren, alternate
will) the others, which a*e fertile, longer, and united at the base ; anthers round-
ish : the pistil has an elongated germ, pubescent ; no style; stigma round headed :
the pericarp a linear, compressed, margined, legume ; seeds man}1, roundish,
compressed, retuse at the end. There are two species, both natives of Jamaica.

1. YOLIB1L1S. TWINING.

Thascolus sylvestris minor, /lore minima, sitiqids longis, teret'bus,
alba lanugine hirsutis. Sloane, v. l, p. 182. TripAyllus subhir-
sutus, folds oblongo ovatis, siliquis gracilibus compressis, spicis lax-
iorihus aiaribus, Browne, p. 230. , ■

Leaves ovate-lanceolate pubescent.

This has several hairy small stems, by which it twines round everything it fcemes
near, running six or seven feet. The leaves are about a:i inch and a half distanr, al-
ways three together, oblong, and moderately covered with down, the middle one the
largest. The flowers are small and disposed in slender spikes at the axils of the leaves,
they are of a greenish colour and so small as to be scarce discernible. The seed vessels
are long, slender, woolly, and compressed, containing yellowish seeds, with a white
eye. This plant is frequent in the lower hills of Jamaica; and was removed from the
genus dolichos, because it wanted the calusses at the Lase of the standard, and differs
in other respects.

2. URCINATUS. CKJOICLD.

Li r.ves -oblong, obtuse, silky beneath. — Sw.

No English Name. TERNSTROEMTA.

Cl. 13, OR. 1. — l\'lijiindriamonogynia. Nat. or. — Columnifcreei

This was so named in memory of Ternstroem, known by his travels into China.

Gen Cihr. — Calyx a one-leaved five-parted perianth, upon which two smaller
scales are incumbent ; all the segments are orbicular, concave, and permanent :
corolla onc-petaled, bell-shaped J no t die ; border five-parted; segments orbi-
bular, concave, emargjnate, longer than the calvx : stamens numerous filiform
filaments, inserYeVl in a ffoiible rowing) the base of the corolla, and shorter than
it; anthers linear, erect, length of the filaments ; the pistir has *a superior round-
ish germ ; a cylindric style the length of the stamens, and a capitate stigma : the
pericarp a juiceless ovate berrv, even, iWo'-celled : seeds about eight, convex on
one side, flat on the other. One species I* a native of Jamaica.

MF.R1DIONAUS MERLOIAK.

Leaves ob- ovate, emarginate, quite entire, peduncles axillary.
This is a tree with determinate branches, and more simple suflish hranchlets, with an
ash-coloured bark ; leaves alternate, sub-petioled, coriaceous, perennial, oval, obtuse,

subemarginate, somewhat recurved at the edge, quite entire, veinless : no stipules.

« Pedunckis

•monv rTORTUS J AMAI CENSIS. 227

He ii.ncles thick, comprcssed-ancipital, shorter by lialf than the leaves, drooping ; calyx
ri^id, almost cartilaginous ; corolla mostly five-parted, seldom sis-parted, whitish be-
k.w, yellowish above, first "lobular then bell-shaped : berry dry, falling when ripe
without splitting; seeds scarlet, silky.

Tiutch Tree — See P^lmeto.

THORN APPLE. DATURA.

Cl. 5, or. I. — Pentandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Luridte.'

Gfn. char. — Calyx an oblong perianth, tubulated, of a pentangular figure, mono-
petalous,. divided into five segments at the extremity ; its upper part falls off
ritear the base ; but an orbicular segment of it remains on the plant The corolla
is funnel-shaped, monopetalous, the limb folded in five places and almost entire
at the edges, but rising into five points ; stamina the length of the cup, with ob- ■
I mg anthers; germen oval; style filiform ; stigma thick, obtuse, and bilamellaled.
Capsule four-valved two-celled, and affixed to the base of thecup : the receptacles
are convex, large, punctated, and alhxcd to a partition : the seeds are numerous
and kidney-shaped.

STRAMONIUM.

Stramonia altera major sive tatura qutbusdam, S!oane, v. I, p. 159..
Foliis profunda ci < nut is, fruetu erccto spinoso. Browne, p. 167.
Pericarps thorny, erect, ovate ; leaves ovate smooth.

This plant, in every respect the same as the European, grows very commonly in
every part of Jamaica, rising a yard high, with an erect, strong, round, hollow, green,
stalk, branching luxuriantly, having the branches widely extended on every side ; lar""e,
oval, irregularly angulated, smooth, dark green lea\es ; and, from the divisions of the
branches, large while flowers singly, succeeded by large oval prickly capsules, growing
erect, commonly called thorn-apples. At night the upper leaves rise up and inclose
the flowers. The blossoms have sometimes a tinge of purple or violet. The flowers
consbt of one large funnel-shaped petal, having a long tube, and spreading pentagonal
limb, succeeded by large roundish capsules, of the size of middling apples, closely
beset with sharp spines. An ointment prepared from the juice of the leaves and i: ■ ■;■;-
hard, gives ease in external inflammations, burns, and in the haemorrhoids, as in vi-
rulent ulcers. The seeds were lately recommended by Dr. Storck to be taken internally
in ca--es of madnt ss ; but they seem to be a very unsafe remedy. Taken even i,, ,<
small dose, they brnig on a delirium, and in a large one would certainly prove fatal.
Cows, horses, sheep, an I i;o;its, refuse to eat it.

The Edinburgh college direct an extract from the leaves, which has been given with
great a [vantage in c mvulsions and epilepsies ; the dose from two to sixteen grains a-
day. Th^se and the seeds given internally bring on delirium, tremors, swelling, itch-
ing, eruption and inflammation on the skin. Browne says all its parts are remarkably
narcotic, though seldom administered inwardly, on account of those dr ad fill perturba-
tions of, mind that gi ;. nail) .i nil the taking of it. Externally applied as an ointment,
tfcte j nice and seeds are useful in scalds an ! painful sores.

F t 2 In

223 HOBTUS JAMAICENSISi raotro

In the Jamaica Medial Assistant it is noticed, that Dr. Hufelano1, in his account of
small-pox, says he has Found the tincture of the seeds of the thorn-apple a narcotic re-
medy superior to laudanum, and that he has cured by it many obstinate coinpLiuts of
the mental and convulsive kind. An ointment prepared from the leaves gives ease \a
haemorrhoids or piles. Could the extract be substituted for that of hemlock, which is
not to be kept good long in this climate ? An extract is directed l>v the Edinburgh
college, which is given in convulsions and epilepsies. An extract maybe made by
boiling any quantity of the bruised seeds in water, then evaporating the strained liquor,
&c. Dose — £ gr. to 1 gr. Tliis extract given in small doses, is cooling, diuretic, and
anodyne; it renders the pulse slower ; in large doses it occasions a loss of vision and
speech, palsey, &c — See Dr. King, Med. and Phys Jour.

In the Monthly Magazine, for June, 1810, a case of severe spasmodic asthma is re-
lated, which was cured by smoking the root of this plant; after every other remedy
had been tried in vain. The writer, who signs Vera r, describes his case as follows:
4( His complaint was brought on by free living, the asthmatic paroxysm usually came
on about two o'clock in the morning, when I was suddenly surprised from sleep with violent
convulsive hcavings of the chest ; ami I was scarcely allowed time to place myself up-
Tight in a chair, where I sat resting myself upon my elbows, and with my feet upon
the ground (for I could not bear them in an horizontal posture) before I underwent a.
sense as it were of immediate suffocation. The fits generally continued, with short in-
termissions, from thirty-six hours to three days and nights successively ; during which
time, 1 have often, in the seeming agonies of death, given myself over, and even wished
for that termination of my miseries. I consulted the most eminent physicians in vain.
An amiable friend and most respectable surgeon at Hackney, first persuaded me to
smoke the divine stramonium, tc which I owe altogether my present freedom from
pain, and renewed capacity of enjoyment. It is the root only and lower part of the
stem of this plant, which seem to possess its anti-asthmatic virtue ; these should be cut
into small pieces, and put into a common tobacco pipe, and the smoke must be swal-
lowed, together with the saliva produced by the smoke ; after which the sufferer will
in a few minutes be relieved from all convulsive heavings, and probably drop into a com-
fortable sleep, from which he will awake refreshed, and in general perfectly recovered:
at least this is the invariable effect produced upon myself. He should by all means avoid
drinking with the pipe. A dish of coffee I always take after it, and find it highly re-
freshing. I have taken a dozen pipes at a time, without experiencing from them any
other inconvenience than a slight excoriation or soreness of the tongue. This has pre-
served me from the visitation of asthmatic horrors, after having been subject to perio-
dical attacks for several years ; and I have now enjo , ed a perfect state of freedom from
this species of misery for ma1 iy months." From another letter from the same writer,
which appears in the Monthly Magazine for January, 181 1, it is stated that the stramo-
nium was in such repute for asthmatic cases, as to be sold for 1 1. 4s. per lb. In this
letter he mentions that the hero should be dried gradually, the mould brushed off the
roots, which are afterwards cat into small pieces, and put into a common tobacco pipe;
the smoke to be forced into the stomach by swallowing. He adds that the stalk is equally
efficacious with the root.

There are three sorts of this plant. One hath a very white flower. Of this sort I
saw growing in a garden in Colchester, above forty years ago : the surgeon who had it
tnade both salves and ointments of it, the use of which gamed him much credit ; and

thera

three. HORTUS JAMAiCENSTS; &&

there is an account in Gerard, of a gentlewoman in Colchester, who was so burnt with
lightning as to be thought past ail relief, but was cured byan ointment made of the
leaves of tliis plant. I hate known it experimental! v cure contracted tendons or nerves,
by chaffing or rubbing in the ointment hot into the part affected. It hath a thin green
stinking leaf, smelling almost like opium, and much indented ; it branches and spreads
like a little tree ; the stalks.are of a pale-green ; it hath a long tubical white flower,
after which comes its fruit, which is oblong, and in shape and bigness of a walnut with
its green shell, set full of soft prickles while green, but when dry are able to penetrate
into the flesh ; these contain a vast quantity of small black seeds, like the papaver spi-
7io sum, and of a stupifying quality. I know a gentleman at this present time, that,
whenever he hath a fit of the gout, applies these leaves to the part, and it gives ease
in about three hours. The leaves, applied to the head, ease pain and cause rest. —
Jtarham, p. 19:2. .

Three Heart's Shrub — See Wood Sorrel.

THREE-HORNED SHRUB. TRICERA.

Cl. 21-, or. 4. — Menoecia tetrandria. Nat. or. — Trhecc<c.

This is so named from its three-horned capsule.

Gen. char. — Male calyx a one-leaved perianth, four-parted to the base ; segments
lanceolate, acute, erect, permanent, coloured : no corolla : stamens four erect
filaments, longer than the calyx, ovate, anthers sitting on the top of the filaments,
lanceolate, ucute, channelled in the middle, after flowering recurved. Female
calyx a five-leaved perianth ; leaflets ovate, acute, erect, coloured: no corolla:
the pistil has a sub-trigonal germ ; three short styles, roundish, conical, after
flowering bipartile; stigmas longer than the styles, recurved, patulous, channelled,
permanent ; the pericarp an oblong trigonal capsule, three horned, three-celled,
three-valved : seeds in pairs, oblong, obtuse. There is only one species, which
is a native of Jamaica ; the crantzia hxvigato of Swartz.

L.EVIGATO. SMOOTH.

This is a branching shrub, two or three feet high ; branches almost simple, Iontj,
(Spreading, four-cornered, leafy, even : leaves on short round petioles, opposite, di-
stich, ovate- lanceolate, acute, convex, quite entire, 'veined above, marked with lines
at the edge, veinless beneath, stiffish, very smooth. Flowers in simple, axillary, op-
posite, umbels ; the common peduncle four-coraered, three times shorter than the
ieaves. Of the males there are from four to eight opposite pedicels, approximating in
formof an umbel, aquarterof an inch long, one-flowered, deciduous. There are two very
-small whitish hi actes at the base and in the middle of the pedicels. Female flower
'larger, styles three, sometimes, but rarely, four; capsule of the size of a large pea,
the valves bursting with a spring; seeds black, shining, girt with a membranaceous
white aril. Native of Jamaica in mountain coppices in the western parts, flowering
in the spring months. This genus should be placed between cicca and buxus : It is
■very nearly allied to the fatter ; but differs in having no corolla, in the form of the fila.
■wents and stigmas, and in the aril of the seed j also in its peculiar inflorescence. — .fan,

THYME,

23® HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. tickseedeb

THYME. THYMUS.

Cl. 14, or. 1. — Didj/namia symnospeymia Nat. or — Verticillata.
This name is derived from a Greek word signifying courage, strength, being sup-
posed to revive the spirits.

Gfw char, — Calvx a one-leafed perianth, tubular, half five-cleft into two lips,.
, permanent, having the throat closed with villose hairs ; upper lip wi ler, three-
toothed, lower lip two-bristled : corolla one-petaled. ringent; stamens curved in,
anthers small ; (he pistil has a four-parted «erm, a filiform style, and a bifid acute
stigma : no pericarp : calvx narrowed at the neck, cherishing the seeds in its bo-
som ; seeds four, small, roundish.

]. VULGARIS. COMMON.

Flowers wheel spiked, stems erect, leaves ovate, rolled back.

This well known and crseful plant is a native of Europe, but thrives very well in Ja-
maica, and is cultivated in every garden. It has an agreeable aromatic smell, and a
warm pungent taste ; its qualities are said to be emmenagogue, diuretic, tonic, and
stomachic. It yields a species of camphor in distiliatiorLwilh .water. Its culinary uses
are many.

2. BROWN F.I. BROWNE'S.

]\Iinivnts herbaceous, foliis orbiculatis crenatis, floribus singalariltis
ail alas. Browne, p. 259.

Leaves orbicular crcnate, flowers peduncled axillary. This little herbaceous plant is
a native of Jamaica, and grows wild in many parts of the island. I met with it in plenty
at the Decoy, in St Man 's The flowers are solitary, acute, on a very short peduncle :
upper lip of the corolla slightly bifid, erect; middle segment of the lower larger,
cordate. — Broxcne.

TICKSEEDED SUN-FLOWER. COREOPSIS.

Cl. 19, or. 3.—St/ngenesia polygamiafrustranea. Nat. or — Composite.

This generic name is derived from two Greek words for tick-like, on account of the ,
appearance of the seeds.

Gin. char. — Calyx erect, composed of many leaves, surrounded at the base with

spreading rays : corolla compound raved ; there is no pericarp, the calyx scare* -

, altered: down two- horned : receptacle ch are natives of Jamaiea.

1. AI.BA. WHITE.

Scandens ; foliis scrratis, tcrnato-pinnatis, rcceptaculo nudo. Browne,
C. 3, p.'321.

Browne calls this the climbing coreopsis, a native of the lulls. The florets of the
margin art all neuter, and rise immediately from the bottom of the inwai.i scales : the
seeds are bidented.

2. RESTAKS.

tobacco HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 231

2. REPTANS CREEPING.

Chrysanthemum tnfoliafum scandens, fiore lulco, semine longo, ro~
strato bidente. Sloane, v. 1, p. 26!, t. 154, f. 2, 3.

Leaves serrate ovate, upper ones ternate ; stem creeping.

Root small fibrous; stem climbing, weak, five feet high, branching leafy ; leaves
pedicelled, always three together, serrated, smooth, green, thin, the middle one the
largest ; peduncles from the axils of the top leaves, terminating, erect, round, striated,
'hairy, single flowered ; there are sometimes two or three lanceolate entire bractes at
tiie base of the peduncles ; the flowers are yellow, crowded close together. It grows,
a ammonly in Jamaica.

Tiger's Foot — Sec Bindweeds and \xmxa Creeper,

TOBACCO. NICOTIANA.

Cl. 5, cr. l. — Tehtandriamondgyma. Nat. or. — Luridae.

The English name is derived from the island Tobago, the generic name, from Jenri
ISiicot, of France, who first sent its seeds there.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed ovate perianth, half live-cleft, permanent ; corolla
one-petaled, funnel form ; tube longer than the calyx ; bor ler somewhat spread-
ing, half five-cleft, in five folds ; stamens five awl shaped filaments, almost the
length of the corolla, ascending; anthers oblong : the pistil has an ovate germ, a
filiform stvle, the length of the corolla, and a capitate emargiriate stigma : peri-
carp a subovate capsule, marked with a line on each side, two-valved, opening at
top; receptacles half ovate, dotted, fastened to the partition ; seeds numerous,
kidney-form, wrinkled.

TAB XUM. TOBACCO.

'Nicotiana major latifolia, Sloane, v l-,'-p."146. Folils amplis, 6b-
t->n»o-ovutis, /lot ibus comosis. Browne, p. 167.

Leaves lanceolate ovate, sessile, decurrent, flowers acute'.

"Root large and long; stem rising from six to nine fet-t, upright, round, hairy,
clammy, frequently an inch in diameter, branching towards the too : the leaves nu-
merous, large, pointed, entire, alternate, veined, viscid, pale green, large, (some-
times twenty inches long), decreasing in size towards the ton where rhey are not half
the size of the lower ones ; thev are much corrugated on the surface when at maturity,
but smoother when young : the bractes are long and linear The stem and branches
-■are terminated by loose clusters of flowers in panicles, of a whitish red colour, the edges
when full blown inclining to purple : they are succeded by the capsule and numerous
small ovate, sub-renifonn seeds, m a large receptacle, they have raised lines and
nerves, which are beautifully netted, of a vellowi*h bay colour. These seeds are ex-
tremely small, and it has been calculated that each capsule contains one thousand, and
vthe whole produ< e of a single plant three hundred and fifty thousand.

Tobacco was first discovered in America by the Spaniards, about the year 1560, and

hy

£?2 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. tobacco

by them imported into Europe. It had been used by the inhabitants of America long
before ; and was called by those of the islands yoli, and petun by the inhabitants of the
continent. Sir Walter Raleigh is generally said to have been the first that introduced
it into England* about the year 1585, and who taught his countrymen bow to smoke
it: It was carried to France bv one Nicotius, who got it at Lisbon about the year 1560.
There ace two varieties of the tabacum, which are distinguished by the names of
of orcnokoe and sweet-scented tobacco. They differ from each other oalv in the figure
of their leaves ; those of the former being longer and narrower than the latter.

The following extract, which is copied from a marHiscript of Dr. Barham, for direct-
ing the raising, cultivating, and curing, tobacco in Jamaica, (which is not printed with
the rest of Barbara's MSS.). is perhaps worthy the attention of those who wish to be
further acquainted with this subject :

" Let the ground or woodland wherein you intend planting tobacco be well burned,,
as the greater the quantity of wood-ashes the better. The spot you intend raising your
plants on must l>e well strewed with ashes, and laid smooth and light ; then blow the
seed from the palm of your hand gently on the bed, and cover it ever with palm or
plantane leaves.

" When your plants are about four inches high, draw them, and plant them out
about three feet asunder; and, when they become as high as your knee, CHt or pluck
off the top; and if there are more than twelve leaves on the plant, take off the over-
plus, and leave the rest entire. The plant should now be daily attended to, in order
to destroy the caterpillars that are liable to infest it ; as also to take off every sprout or
sucker that puts out at the joints, in order to throw the whole vegetable nourishment.
into the larger leaves.

" Whea the edges and points of the leaves begin to turn a IrtUe yellow, cut down the
stalks about ten o'clock in the morning, taking the opportunity of a fine day, and be
careful the dew is fully off the plant, and do not continue this work after two in the af-
ternoon As fast as it is cut let it be carried into your tobacco bouse, which, must be
so close as to. shut out all air, (on this much depends) and hungup on lines, tied across,-
for the purpose of drying.

" When the stalks begia to turn brownish, take them off the lines, and put them in
a large bian, and lay on them heavy weights .for twelve days ; then take them.out, and
strip off the leaves, and put them -again into the binn, and let them,, be well pressed,
and so as no air gains admission for a month. Take them out ; tie them in bundles,..
about sixty leaves in each, which,are called monococs, and are ready for sale. But ob*
serve to let them always he keptxlose till you have occasion to dispose of-them.

" Let your curing house be well built, and very close and warm : if a boarded build-
ing, it will not be amiss, in a wet situation, to cover the whole outside with thatch and.-
plantain trash, to keep off the damps; for by this care you preserve the fine volatile
oil in the leaves. Observe, no smoke is to be made use of or admitted iuto your curings
house."

Since the introduction of tobacco into Europe (1560) various medical properties -
have been ascribed to it, but of late » ears it has been spoken of by the generality of me-
dical writers in such a manner as has almost occasioned its dismissal froni modern prac-
lice, atleastfrominternalu.se: but this circumstance has not. deterred Dr. Fowler, a
physician of eminence in Staffordshire, from commencing an enquiry into its medical
effects; and he has given the result otitis experiments^ which seem to be accurately
cad faithfully related*

That

touacco HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 23i

That tobacco, under proper regulations, may be aebr.ir.istered internally, not only
as a safe but an efficacious remedy, especially as a diuretic in cases oi dropsy and dv-t
sury, seems certain enough. This property, amongst the vast number that have been
attributed to it, however, seems scarcely ever to have been hinted at. The forms in
which Dr. Fowler ordered it were in infusion, tincture, or pills.

Infusion. Take of tobacco leaves dried an ounce, boiling water one pound ; infuse
4hem for an hour in a close vessel set in a warm place, and steam off about fourteen
ounces. Then add two ounces of rectified spirit of wine.

Tincture. Take of dried tobacco leaves an ounce, of rectified spirits, Spanish white
wine, or vinegar, one pint; to be infused for four days.

Pills: Take of dried tobacco leaves in powder, one drachm, of the conserve of roses
enough to make it in a mass ; which is to be divided into sixty pills.

Of the infusion or tincture, Dr. Fowler gives from six to one hundred drops twice-
a- day in water, or in a cordial julep, or other proper vehicle, sufficient to produce the
effect in adults ; but in irritable habits he seldom exceeded twenty-five drops. To a
patient of ten years old he gave fifty drops ; to a child of five years old twenty drops ;
but to patients under five years old he never ventured to prescribe it.

Th e first effects of the infusion is a transient heat in the stomach and throat, as if
the patient had taken a dram. The next general effect in a moderate dose is diuretic,
with or without a slight vertigo and giddiness, and frequently nausea. In painful cases,
it proves anodyne, and in some cases occasions drowsiness and sleep ; in others drow-
siness, with a sense of heat and restlessness.

Dr. Fowler gave this medicine in one hundred and fifteen cases: in ninety-three
of which it proved diuretic ; in forty of these cases, it occasioned purging; seventy-
nine of these patients complained of vertigo. In fifty-two of the number it excited
nausea; in the two last cases he directs the medicine to be suspended, and the doses
lessened. Dr. Fowler tried it in thirty cases of dropsy, viz. four of anascara, or general
dropsy; two of ascites ; and twelve df dropsical swellings of the legs, were all cured.
In ten other cases it afforded considerable relief; and in three cases only it was of no
use. In ten instances of dysury the infusion was anodyne and diuretic, thereby abating
pain, relaxing the urinary passages, and promoting urine. In dysuries from gravel,
it facilitates the expulsion of calcareous or gritty matter.

Dr. Fowler speaks of the use of tobacco in injections ; an ounce of the infusion in a
pint of water gruel at a time, and repeated incases of obstinate constipation, as the
case may require. In the dry belly-ache, in the West-Indies, injections of the smoke
of tobacco have long been employed with the happiest effects.

After all, the internal use of tobacco should be very limited, and can only be safe in
the hands of a skillful aryj attentive practitioner. Tobacco is often used externally in
unguents for destroying cutaneous insects, cleansing old ulcers, &c. ; and is generally
and successfully used for cleansing and destroying vermin in the sores of cattle and
■horses. T«-aten into a mash, with vinegar or brandy, it-has also sometimes proved ser-
viceable for removing hard tumours of the hypochandries : an account is given in the
Edinburgh essays of two cases of this kind cured bv it. The most common uses of this
plant, however, are either as a sternutatory when taken by way of snuff : as a mastica-
tory, by chewing it in the mouth ; or as effluvia, by smoking it; and, when taken in
moderation, it is not an unhealthful amusement. The ashes are said to be an excellent
dentrifice, and corrective of a putrid disposition in the gums. The leaves chopped
up in corn and given to horses, bring off botts.
Vol. II. G g -TOMATO

234 HORTUS JAMAICENS-I& toot*

TOMATO BERRIES, or LOVE APPLES. SOLANUM.

Cl. 5, or. 1. — Pentandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Luridts.
Gen. CHAR. — See Calalu, branched, vol 1, p. 141.

LYCOPERSICON.

Sublvrsutum, foliis varie incisis int>>rupfe el abrupte pennatis, cali-
cibus septem-partitis. Browne, p. 175.

Stem unarmed, herbaceous; leaves pinnate-gashed, racemes two- parted, leaf-
less, fruits smooth.

This has an herbaceous branching, hairy stem, creeping on the ground/for six or
eight feet. Leaves pinnate, of a rank smell, composed of four or five pairs of leaflets,
terminated by an odd one, cut on their edges, and ending in acute points. TJie flowers
are axillary on simple racemes of long peduncles, sustaining several yellow flowers-.
The &errv, smooth, shining, soft, of a yellowish or reddish colour, varying in size and
shape. It is much used boiled in soups and sauces, to which it imparts an agreeable
acid flavour ; or served up boiled or roasted ; they are also fried with e^gs. Barhanj
calls them love apples, and speaks of them as follows : "So called by the Spaniards,
who use them in their sauces and gravies ; because the juice, as they say, is as good as
any gravy, and so by its richness warms the blood. The fruit of the wild sort is no
bigger than a cherrv ; but those that grow in gardens are as big as a small apple, very
round and red, and therefore called pomum amoris ; some call tnem tomatoes. It hath
a small sharp-pointed jagged leaf, growing very thick upon its stalk. and bianches ; its
fruit is round aud red, or of an orange colour I have eat five or six raw at a time :
They are full of a pulpy juice, ano of small seeds, which you swallow with the pulp,
and have something of a gravy taste. Its juice is cooling, aud very proper for defluxions
of hot humours in the eyes, which may occasion a glaucoma, if not prevented; it is
also ^ood in the St. Anthony's fire, and all inflammations ; the fruit, boiled in oil, is
good for the itch ; and a cataplasm of them is very proper for burns."
See Calalue, Branched, Eglj-Pla.nt, Nightshades, Potatoes, Turkey- Berries.

TOOTH, or LEAD WORT. PLUMBAGO.

Cl. 5, or. 1. — Pentandria monogynia. Nat. OR. — Plumbagines.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, five-cornered ; corolla one-petalee,
funnel form ; nectary five-valves ; stamens inserted into the scales enclosing the
base of the corolla ; anthers small : the pistil has an ovate germ, a simple style,
and a fire-cleft stigma : pericarp an oblong capsule; seed single, oblong, tunir
cated. One species is a native of Jamaica.

SCANDF.NS. CLIMBING.

Dentellaria, lychnioides sylvatica scandens Jlore alio. Sloane, v. 1, p.
211, t. 133, f. 1. Spieis rainosis terminalibus, petiolis brevibus,
/lore o/bo. Browne, p. 153.

Leaves petit. led, ovu'p, smooth ; stem flexuosc-scandent.

Stem sulTrutescent, scandc.it, sometimes decumbent, loose, fiesuose, branched,

rouix',

torch HOltTUS JAMAICENS1S S3$

round, striated, smooth ; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, aenfninate, nerved, spreal-
ing, entire, smooth on both sides ; two smaller leaflets at the hase of the middle, and
two above it : petioles very short, compressed, channelled, half-embracing, membra-
naceous at the edge, with a red spot at ihe base underneath. Flowers terminating1,
sub-panicled, commonly in spikes, sessile, scattered, approximating; leaflets sessile
tinder the flowers ; calyx inferior, bellying in tiie m.ddle, and towards the base five-
grooved, with glanduliferous hairs ; border of the corolla five-parted ; parts roundish,
emarginate, with a very short point in the middle ; nectaries roundish, yellow, round
the germ, inserted into the bottom of the calyx : filaments thickened, approximating,
awl- shaped; anthers placed on the top of the filaments, blue; style the length of the
stamens; seed coated, as it were included in a capsule, and covered with the perma-
nent calyx. Native of Jamaica, in dry hedges. — Swartz. Sloane says it grew plenti-
fully on both sides the road to Passage-Fort. Barham calls it tooth-wort, and says it
is so called from the form and colour of the root, which is very white, and is composed,
as it were, of a great many teeth. We have a sort of it growing in America; some
will have it to be a sort of leal-wort. This plant hath a viscous green calyx, in which
is a white pentapetalous flower, like the lychnis sylvestrisjiore a/ho, with a rough viscid
capsula, which catches flies. This plant is not a true climber, and yet it cannot sup-
port itself, it generally growing amongst shrubs. It is counted a cooling, drying, and
restringent plant, therefore good in ruptures, and a good vulnerary herb for wounds :
Some make it to have the properties of wild campions, others of Jung wort. Browne
fiays it is of an acid corrosive nature.

TORCH THISTLE. CACTUS.

Cl. 12, or. 1. — Icosandria molio'gynia. Nat.' or — Succalenfx.

•Gen. char. — See Tndinn Fig, vol. 1, p. 408. Thereare two species of this genus called!
torch-thistleordildoes, the repandus and the peruvianas; the third Species described
under this article was not known to be in Jamaica when the accounts of the other
-species of Cactus referred to were published, and is therefore here introduced.

1. REHANDUS. REPANB1.

■Ceifus crgssissimus, fructu intus et e.z/tis rubro. Sloane, v. 2, p.
157. Erectus cylindraceus erecfus suka/us tenttior, summit ate at-
tenuattts ; aculeis cetffertis. Browne, p 238, C. 9.

Erect, long, eight-angled; angles compressed, waved ; spines longer than the wool,
Tiie roots of this tree, when young, are spread on the surface of the ground, for se-
veral feet distance, solid, of a chesnut colour The stem is upright, twenty feet high,
jointed at every twoor three feet, and about sixteen inch.es in circumference; channelled
on the sides with eight, nine, or ten, deep furrows, which are armed at their angles
with tufts of white prickles, ifn a star-like form : it is hollow, full of a fibrous green
thick pulp. The branches proceed from tiie joints, and again produce other branches,
or leaves The flowers grow from tiie angles towards the top, having a thick, fleshy,
scaly, round, channelled, hairy peduncle, supporting a swelling germ, upon the top
of which sits the scaly prickly calyx, closely surrounding the corolla, till a little time
before it expands ; the petals are long and white. The fruit is about the size of a ber-
gamot pear, having many soft spines on the skin, sticking close to tiie stem, the out-

G g 2 side,

C3S HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. TOrck

side pale yellow ; when ripe of a reddish colour ; the skin is thin, containing a red.
sweel pulp, and a great many small, black, shining, crackling, seeds. This fruit is
eaten and thought or' a cooling nature ; Sloane says that wood-ants are extremely fond
©fit, and that beaten and applied it is a good vulnerary.

2. PEKUVIANUS. PERUVIAN.

Cereus altissimus graciliorfructu eitus lafeo, infus niveo, seminibuz
nigris gleno. Sloane, v. 2, p. 158. Ci/lindraceus erectus ml cat us
major, summitate obtums ; aculeis canfertis. Browne, p. 23S, C. 8.

Erect, long, with about ten bluntish angles.

The stem a fathom or more in height, almost simple, two or three inches in- diame-
ter, blunt at the end, having ten deep angles, set with thorns, crowded eight or ten
together, about an inch in length, spreading, the inner ones shorter, tomentose at
the base. The angles at the top have the spines concealed among the wool, and they
come out gradually as the stem grows up ; the wool is white and brown. Flowers ses-
sile, in the very angles of the extremities, scattered,, ovate at the base, two inches,
long, elongated, red; berry unarmed ; blood-red within, eatable. Native of Jamaica,
in dry open situations. — Swartz. The fruit is ripe in October. Sloane says he several
times wounded both sorts, but could never find any gum transude from them. Barham
calls them clildocs, which he says is the name of a plant which grows in all the southern
parts of America, and in Jamaica Some merry person gave it the name of dildoe ; but
in other places it is called flambeau, torch-wood, or prickle-candle, it being in the
shape of four candles joined together in angles, growing one out of another, like the
raque, and are from eight to fifteen feet long, s.et with sharp prickles all round from
top to bottom, green, and full of juice. Some bear a yellow fruit, others blood-red,
without-side, but of the same colour as the rest within ; which is a white sweet pulp,
full of small black seeds ; and they have all a large white flower, smelling very sweet,
which always comes out of that side of the plant next a south sun. Its lruit is as big
as large apples.

When they grow old, and the green juice dries away, there is~ a yellow husk, or
shelly substance, appears full of holes like net-work, which is called torch-wood, for
it will burn like a candle and torch ; and I have known the Indians fill the hollowness
of these with a bituminous substance, making fine flambeaux.

3. PORTULACIFOLIUS. PURSLANE LEAVED.

Stem round, arboreous, thorny; leaves wedge-form, retuse*

Stem leafless, but armed with bundles of bristle-shaped spines; leaves, on the
'branches wedge-shaped, emarginate, thick, succulent, sometimes alternate, some-
times two, three, or four, together, having a ver-ticiilated appearance, with subsoli-
tary subulate spines, two, three, or four, together, frequently only one at their base.
Flowers at the ends of the twigs, solitary, sometimes two together; petals rosaceous,
ilat, cor late ; fruit roundish, somewhat angular, having no. tufts of leaves on it, which
distinguishes it from the pereskia, which it otherwise -much resembles There is a
very beautiful tree of this species at the residence of the honourable mr. Hinchliflfe,
near Spanish-Town, not far from his house, which has two stems, each nearly a foot
ill diameter, and about eight feet high to the branches, which are thick, numerous,
and armed with tufts of spines, spreading from twelve to fifteen feet on all sides : to

the

trefoil HORTUS JAMAICENS1S. «37

the top of the foliage the tree is full twenty-five feet high, and, when in bloom, has a
very fine appearance, the flowers being s > abun lant as almost to hide the leaves.
See Inm n Fig and Melon Thistle.

Traveller's Joy — Sec Virgin's Bower.

TREE ATROPA. ATROPA.

Cl. 5, or. 1, — P'entandria monogyma, Nat. or. — Luridoe.

©EN. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, five-parted, gibbous; divisions acute,
permanent; corolla one-petaled bell-shaped; five subulate .listant filaments;:
anthers thickish : the pistil has a semi-ovate germ ^ a filiform style, and headed
stigma ; the pericarp a globular two-celled berry. One species is a native of
Jamaica.

ARBORESGEKS. TREE.

Stem shrubby, peduncles crowded, corolla revolute, leaves oblong.

This is a small tree, orrather a shrub. Stem smooth, branched, branches subdivi-
ded, round, scarred, rugged ; leaves petioled, alternate, in tufts towards the ends of the
branches, lanceolate-ovate, acute, entire, nerved, wrinkled beneath, soft, and hoary,
of a dark colour. Flowers peduncled, heaped, scattered on the branches below the
leaves, white, sweet-scented, noddding ; peduncles numerous (thirty or forty) long,
filiform, one-flowered, whitish, smooth; calyx short, tubular, four or five cleft,
whitish ; corolla somewhat bell-shaped, tube narrower at the base, swelling at the top ;
border four or five cleft, with equal, ovate, blunt, reflex, segments ; filaments fuur
or five, equal, twice as long as the corolla; anthers ovate, upright,, two-valved. ;
germ roundish, superior; berry roundish, soft, black, containing many seeds. Na-
tive of Jamaica, on temperate mountains, flowering in Autumn ; the berries commonly
full of some worm. — Szuartz.

TREFOIL. STYLOSANTHES.

Cl. 17, or. 2. — Diadelphia decandria. Nat. or. — Papilionacece.

Gen char. — Calyx a- one-leafed perianth, tubular, lohg, half five-cleft, corolli-
ferous ; corolla papilionaceous; germ below the coroila; legume short, thin,
shaped like a scymitar. Two species are natives of Jamaica, separated from the
genus hedysarum (see French honeysuckle) by Swartz, on account of the coroiife-
fous calyx and inferior germ.

1. procumbens. procumbent.

Asnanis non spinosa minor, glabra, procumbens, flore luteo. Sloane,
v. l, p. 187, t. 119, f. 2. Procumbens, foliis ciliatis nervosis ; si-
liculis monospermibus, acuminatis quinquestriatis. Browne, p. 298.

Leaves ternate acuminate, linear, smooth, spikes many-flowered, stem pro-
cumbent.

Root

238 HOItTUS JAMAICENSIS. tmoptehw.

Root long, deep; stems manv, round, hairy, from seven to twelve inches long,
creeping, branched ; leaflets small, smooth, shining, ciliate, having many beautiful
white nerves on the under surface. The flowers come out towards the top, of an orange
colour, with a little purple in the middle; legume small, rough, seldom exceeding
two inches in length, never containing above one seed, which is reddish.

2. VISCOSA. CLAMMY.

Loto penfaphyllo siliqvosa villoso similis, ononis von spinosa, foliis
cisti instar-glutinosis et odoratis. Sioane, v. I, p. 186, t. 119, f. i.
Suberectum et subkirsutum ; siliculis minoribus, singidaribus.
Browne, p.- 299.

Leaves ternate, ovate, cdiate, hirsute ; spikes four-flowered, stem erect.

Slems from one to two feet in length, shrubby, grey, branched into many twigs,
which are green and hoary, ^^aflets purple on tne edge, having purple spots on the
backs, and a down of the snme colour ; petioies halt an inch long. Flowers on the tops
of the twigs, yellow, several opening successively Legume very short, thin, shaped
like a scymitar, having several 4ines or nerves on it, containing trie seed, which is
shining, brown, with a point on one side and defect on the other. The.whole plant is
clammy, and grows in gravelly parts of town savannas — Sioane,

See French Honeysuckle.

Trembling Grass — See Meadow Grass.

No English Name. TRTOPTER'S.

Cl. 10, or. 3. — flecandria trieynia. Nat. or. — Trikilaf/e,
This is derived from the Greek v\or.ls for three-winged, the fruit having three mem-
branes.

Gfn. CKAIt. — Calyx a five-parted perianth, very small, permanent, with two honey
pores at the base on the outside ; corolla, six petals, roundish, clawed: filaments
ten, cohering at the base, with simple anthers : the pistil has a trifid germ, three
erect styles, and obtuse stigmas : pericarp three erect capsules, one-seeded, three
or lour winged : seeds solitary, roundish. Two species are natives of Jamaica.

3 JAMAICBNSIS. JAMAICA.

Seminibm tnalatis, f His pvato acuminalis, raeemis terminal ibus.
.Browne, p. 231. Banisteria 3.

Leaves oblong, acuminate, veined, shining; racemes compound, terminating,
loose, fruits three- winged.

This is a climbing shrub with a twining stem, and spreading, diverging, loose,
rou id, smooth, branches. Leaves opposite, lanceolate -ovate, or ovate with a long
point, quite entire, beautifully veined, dark green, on shortish petioles. Racemes
terminating, seldom axillary, spreading like pannicles : branches opposite, subdi-
vided, loose; flowers on short peduncles, scattered, pale blue, small. — Swar/z. It
grows in the gravelly hills about Kingston, rising bj a slender stem seven to fourteen
feet among bushes. — Browne.

2 ciTRirom.,

TRiBSAcmi HORTUS JAMAICENSI9. 2C9

2. C1TRIFOI.IA. CITRON-LEAVED.

Leaves ovate, oblong, acute, smooth : umbells axillary, peduncled, fruits four-
winged, wings in pairs, the lower ones shorter.
Stem shrubbv, climbing very high ; branches very long, flexile, round, smooth ;
leaves opposite, entire, nerved, veined, membranaceous, large, on short petioles.
Branches of the umbels or panicles tricho.tomous, spreading, pedicels one-flowered:
leaflets ovate, acute, alternate, sessile, scattered over the branches of the panicle.
Flowers small, yellow. At the base of the segments of the calyx on the outside are two
browu gibbous nectareous glands. Petals five, roundish, waved, veined, with linear
claws ; filaments awl-shaped, contiguous to the base ; germs three united ; stv les three,
thickened at the top: stigmas acute; capsules three ovate, separable, each four-
ivinged ; tvvoropposite wings larger, veined, two smaller; and a filth intermediate like
a crest. Seed large, shining, red. — Slwartz.

bee Switch Sorrel.

Xo English Name. TRIPSACUM,

Cl. 21, or. 3 — Monecia triandria. Nat. or. — Grammar.
Cfv. CHAR. — Male calyx a four flowered glume; corolla a membranaceous glume :
female calyx a glume with perforated sinuses ; corolla a two-valved glume ; styles
twi>: seeds one. There are only two species, one of which is a native of Jamaica.

H6RMAPHROD1TUM7 HERMAPHRODITE.

Sp;ca oblongo glabra, ca'icibus rigidis quadri-partitis, incisuris apcr-
tis, laciniis acuminatis. Browne, Ceochrus 2, p. 367.

Spike hermaphrodite
Hoot annual, fibrous,; culm erect, two feet high, roundish, very smooth, jointed,
branched; branches of the same structure and height with the culm, alternate, erect,
quite simple, few. Leaves alternate, fleeced, very smooth, only rugged at the edge,
a span long or more y sheatns compressed, striated, very smooth. A single spike at
the ends of the stem and branches, sohtar), cylindrical, curved", peduncle long,
round striated, smooth ; receptacle compresse I, flex nose. Flowers alternate, re-
mote solitary, sessile on the -teeth of the receptacle, ovate, pressed close. The outer
calvx has two, three, or four flowers ; glume four or five patted, compressed, ovate,
gibbous at the base, contracted at tue top ; the valves incumbent, very stiff, lanceolate,
acuminate, very smooth, slightly sheathed. There is a single floret between each ca-
Iycine glume, less by half than the calyx. Calvx two-valved; one vaive smaller, very
ion"- and acuminate ; the other of the same size with the corolla, which is also two-
valved, smooth, and acuminate. Filaments smooth, anthers ovate, germ ovate, styles
two, pubescent. Seen1 one, very small, ovate, smooth, yellow, sub- diaphanous. Liniuus.
This is a common grass in the open pastures of Jamaica, and fed upon by all sorts of

cattle. — Browne.

See Grass.

CfO HORTUS JAMA1CENSIS. TRCMTrf-

No English Home. TRTXIS.

Cl. 19 OR .4. — Sj/ngenesia polijgamia necessaria. Nat. or. — Composite.
Gen. char. — Common calyx imbricate, ovate; scales eight to ten oblong, acum-
inate, convex, almost equal ; outer somewhat keeled, membranaceous at the tip ;
compound corolla, numerous hermaphrodite corollets, females fewer ; corollets
of the ray trifid ; there is no pericarp, the calyx unchanged, converging ; seeds
hairy at the top, without any uovvn ; receptacle chaffy. There is only one species
a native of Jamaica.

TEREBUSTHINACEA. TURPENTINE.

Leaves ovate, serrulate, hispid, hirsute beneath, flowers corymbed.

TRUMPET-FLOWER. BRUNFELSIA.

Cl. 14, or. 2. — Didynamia Angiospermia. Nat. or. — Personated

So named after Otto Brunfelsius, who published the first good figures of plants
in 1530.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, hell-shaped, five-toothed, obtuse, very
small, permanent : corolla one-petaled, funnel-form ; tube very long, slightly
curved inwards, (waved like an Italic J), border flat, five-cleft, blunt: stamens
four very short filaments ; anthers oblong, upright; two a little higher than the
others, prominent from the mouth of the tube: the pistil has a roundisb small
germ, a filiform style the length of the tube, and a thickish stigma : the pericarp
isacapsule, berried on the outside, globular, one-ceHed, two-valved: seeds very
manv, compressed, convex on one side, angular at the other, rugged with dots: re-
ceptacle fastened to the bottom of the capsule, chaffy ; chaffs coadunate, subulate
at the top, separating the seeds. There are two species, both natives of Jamaica,

1. AMERICANA. AMER'CAN.

Fruticosa, foliis suivillosis oblongo-ovatis, floribus singularibus.
Browne, p. 141. Cutcsbea.

Leaves elliptic-acuminate; tube of the corolla erect, border entire.

This is a tree from ten to fifteen feet in height, inhabiting the mountainous parts of
Jamaica. The trunk is smooth and even and the branches loose; leaves alternate.', en-
tire, smooth, somewhat shining, on cylindnc short petioles, somewhat reflex. Flowers
axillary,, terminating, peduncled ; corolla pale yellow, turning white, very sweet
scented, having a tube four or five inches in length, st; tiding in a cup, somewhat re-
sembling the Marvel of Peru : anthers globular bifid ; those of the upper filaments,
together with the stigma close up the aperture of the tube. The fruit is green with a
red conceptaclfe. — Stearts. This plant is figured in Citrus's Botanical Magazine,
No. 393.

Tiie receptacle of the flower is verv short, and has its base beset with vertical rows
bf purple, unequal, linear, hairy, stipules, the upper row is much the longest, reach-
ing half the length of the cup. The upper lip of the corolla is divided into two, and
the under lip into three, round segments, many equal : the ttuuiens are four fila-

trumpet HORTUS JAMAICENSI& til

monts, two of the length of tire tul>e, and the other two a little shorter, they are ad-
herent three-fourths of their length, and free one-fourth, as they rise from the tuhe
they are curbed, and also at their extremity : the stigma is double, and each part ob-
tuse, and the spaee between them is commonly filled with something like farina. The
fruit is a berry, about as" big. as a boy's marble, globose, soft, smooth, and of a lovely
oiange or saffron colour* within it is filled with a soft white pulp, very sweet in taste,
and divi led into two cells ; the seeds are kidney-shaped, and placed near the pericarp.
The leaves surround the young branches in an alternate or irregular order; they have
do pedicel, but are fixed to the stem by a swelling joint, they are narrower near the
stem, and inci ise gradually in breadth to two thirds of their length, where they are
broadest, thence they decrease in breadth to the extremity, where the}' end in a point,
in a word their form is like that ol calabash leaves, tiieir upper part is very claik.
green, smooth, and p ilished, with plain reflected margins, marked with a yellowish
middle rib, hard!, 1 ble, alternate oblique side reins ; t li • ir lower side is of a paler
green, and the mi Id e rib only conspicuous. The longest leaves are little more thai*
four inches long, nd broad, cf a sweetish bitter taste. The blossoms taste sweet like
liquorice, But much interior in degree ; I found it in blossom in the roa i that leach:
from Longville to the Chapel, in Clarendon. I transplanted it in blossom in the be-
ginning of the year, and it blossomed again in July of the same year. — A. il,

2. U.NBULAT.V. WAVED;

Leaves lanceolate-ovate, drawn to a point at both ends, petioles very shorr,
tube of the corolla curved, border waved.
This is a shrubby plant, consisting of divers erect, woody, unbranched stems ; about
eighteen inches in height, bearing dusters of leaves upon their summits, hard and firm
in substance, in form and size like those of morindo or vaw-weed . amidst which arise
the blossoms, of a pale. yellow colour ; in which the rudiments of a fifth stamen rises
from the base of the tr.be. The clusters of leaves sometimes resemble tnose of the ca-
labash tree. The fruit is bigger than a hazle nut and round.

See French Oak, Thorn Apple.

TRUMPET FLOWER, PEACH COLOURED. SOLANDRA.

Cl. 5, OR. 1. — Pcntandriamonogynia. NaT. OR.

This was so named after the celebrated Dr. Solander, a Swede, and disciple of Lin-
oeus.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, large, angular, permanent, three-cleft
or five-cleft ; segments lanceolate, erect: corolla one-petaled, funnel-form, very,
large; tube bell- shaped, ventricose, a little shorter than the calyx; border five-
cleft ; segments roundish, waved, patulent : stamens five filaments, filiform,
length of the tube, ascending at the top ; anthers obiong, versatile : the pistil has
a superior germ, oval; style filiform, longer than the stamens, bent in; stigma
obtuse, bifid ; segments ovate ; the pericarp an oval berry, conical at top, smooth,
four-celled: seeds very numerous, oblong, nestling. There is only one species,
a native of Jamaica,
Vol. If. Xl h. •rand^ioh*,

0*8 KORTUS JAMA I C EN SIS. tkvmfm

6RANBIFL0RA. GREAT-FLOWERED.

This is a small tree, from twelve to twenty feet high, with a branching trunk, and a
-cloven ash-coloured bark, green within. The wood is spongy. The branches are
loose, be it down, divaricating, verv long. The leaves are in clusters towards the
ends of the branchlets, ob-ovate, oblong, acute, quite entire, smooth, thickish, and
.'Somewhat succulent, from three to seven inches in length, on round smooth petioles,
five times shorter than the leaves. Flowers terminating, subsessile, subsoiitary, very
large; peduncles very short, thick, round, smooth, one flowered; calyx fiom iwo to
three inches long, sub-qumquefid, as the fruit ripens bursting to the base into tirree or
five ii . .;:;; tube of the corolla greenish white ; border ten times shorter than the
tubi patulous, pa;e Hesh colour, somewhat irregnlar veined ; the opening four inches
in di neter ; segments wide, very bluntly waved, crenulate at the edge, almost equal,
1 ■ i per ones being scarcely larger. Filaments inserted into the base of the tube,
low; anthers large, ferruginous ; germ smooth ; style ascending at the top and yel-
low lobes of the -stigma roundish, green; berry often the size of a hen's egg, but
icker below, acuminate with the permanent base of the stvle, smooth, and even,
white, pulpv, an 1 red within ; seeds black ; the very handsome sweet (lowers appear
in the r,. tntl i of January and February ; the fruit ripens in August, arid is i i i sweet
.. , ci I '■,.. ur, Native of Jamaica on very large trees, or in the fissures of rocks,
scandent, and sab-parasitical, — Swartz.

TRUMPET-REED. ZIZAN1A.

Cl. 21, on. 6. — \fonrccia Itexandria- NaT. OR. — Gramin<e.

Gen char. — No male calyx; corolla a two- valved glume, aunless, mixed with the
females: nectary two- leaved ; stamens six capillary, with linear bifid anthers.
Female flowers in the same panicle, bigger, no calj x ; corolla a two-valued glume,
cowled, awned ; stamens six minute filaments, with small barren anthers; the
pistil has an ovate germ, two vert small style-, and feathered eminent stigmas.;
there is no pericarp ; glumes closed, permanent ; seed single, oblong, equal,
shining; naked. Two species are natives of Jamaica.

1. AQUATIC >. WATER.

Arundo dlta gracilis, folih c viridi ceruleis, locustis minoribus-.
Sloane, v. 1, p 110, t. 67. Panicula effusa. Browne, p. 340.

Panicles racemed below, spiked above.
This iits forth roots from even joint, sending up round hollow culms, pointed a*
evc., » inches distant, of a clay colour, and about the bigness of ones little finger.

heath df the leaf covers'thi whole intenfode, and the leaf is near half an inch
br a.l at the base, tapers for more than a loot in length, and ends in a point of a bluish
green colour. The stalks rise fourteen . fifteen feet high ; thetopis a panicle of a
foot in length, brafiched ' into man; rough s;)ikes. It grows plentifully in th< la-
goon- ah tut the Fern, i ■ ' i ■ —Shane. If tins be the same plant as the
North ' nericaii one, i ornvan excellent article of food, and are a good sub-
stitute for nee, and for this reason it is called wild rice iu America.

2, PA1.USTRVS,

trumpet ' IJORTUS JAMAICEN9ISh JWf.

2. PALUSTRIS. MARSHY.

Sytoeslrh, assurgens, tenuis et ramosa ; paniculj laxa racemose.
Browne, p. 340;

It appears very Jouhtful whether this is not the same plant as the first species ; they
pre common in all the lagoons of J imaica, and it is certainly worthy of experiment
whether they produce seeds that will form so useful an article of food as the same plant
«loes in America ; they are so similar in all their parts to the American plant, that no
scientific distinction has been drawn between them, and it is therefore extremely pro-
bable that they possess the same qualities. Carver says that in America it is the most
valuable of all its spontaneous productions, as it affords in its grain not only a valuable
food for the human species, but attracts an infinite number of wild-fowl, which become;
fat by feeding on the seeds.

TRUMPET-TREE, or SNAKEWOOD: CECROPIA.

Cl. 22, or. 2. — Dioecia diundria. Nat. OR. — Scabridee.

Gfn. ci*r. — Male calyx an ovate spathe, bursting, caducous, containing very many
aments, fasciculate, columnar, imbricate with scales ; the scales (receptacles) co-
pious, turbinate; compressed-quadrangular, obtuse, with a double perforation:
no corolla, unless the scales be called nectaries ; stamens two capillary ver\ short-
filaments, from the perforations of the scales; anthers oblong, quadrangular. Fe-
male calyx a spathe ; aments four, columnar, imbricate with germs; no corolla:*
the pistil has many imbricate germs, compound-quadrangular, obtuse ; styles so-
litary, very •short; stigmas somewhat headed, lacerated: the pericarp is a berry, -
the form of the germ,, one-celled, one seeded: seed oblong, compressed. Tnere
is only one species, which is a native of Jamaica;

PELTATA. P-t.LTATE.

Tcnruma de Oviedo. Moane v 1, p. 137, t. 88, f. 2. and t. 89. lia-
mis excavatts, joliis amphs peitatis atque lebatis. Browne, p 111.
This tree rises to a considerable height, being seldom under thirty-five to forty feet
Ligh The trunk and branches are hollow everywhere, and stopped from space to
space with membranous, septas, answering, to so manj light annular marks in-the sur-
face. It shoots both its leaves and fruits in the same manner, and each, while young,
is covered with a men branous conic cap, which falls o;f from the base without splitting,
as they acquire a certain iegree of perfection. The leaves are few, alternate, large,
at the ends of.the branches, peltate, divided into many lobes hke those of the papaw,
downy white underneath, petioled ; lobes entire, sharp, rugged on the upper surface,
the nerves obliquely transverse,, and the veins very muclAo. There are stipules be-
tween tne leaves, as in the fig, opening on the side opposite tothe leaf, obvolute, or
imbricate on the edge, soon falling off. — Linn us The fruits rise, four, five, or-
snore, from the very top of a common peduncle, and shoot into so many oblong rv->
lindric berries, compose J of a row of little acini", something like the raspberry, h

they resembl in flavour when ripe, and are agreeab.e to m <st European pala'e-^ in lat
•apeount. This tree is very common in most par s of Jamaica. Tiie wood, -vhen i y,
i5 very apt to uke fire by attrition ; and has been, lor this reason, uiucii in iise aovng

Hi) 2 the.

Si'/' IIORTUS JAM.UCENSIS.

TRTJ .MP ti-

the native Indians, who always used to kindle their fires in the woods by these means.
Ta-: bark is strong and fibrous, and frequently used for all sorts of cordage: the fruit
is very delicate, and much fed upon iiy the pigeons and other birds, who by this means
spread andpropaga&e the tree hi all parts of the island : and the smaller branches, when
cleared of the septa, serve for wind instruments, and are frequently heard many miles
among those echoing mountains ; they yield an agreeable hollow sound : I have seen
ime cut and holed in the form of a German flute, and have not been displeased with*
their notes. The trunks are very light, and the most appropriated timber for bark logs,
where such conveniences are used ■ which is often the case among the poorer sort of
people. The trunk and branches of the tree \ield a great quantity of fixed salt, which-
is much used by tae French to iespumate and granulate their sugars : such a mixture
-is always necessary in the manufacture of that commodity ; and though the alkaline salts
of ii ne are generally sufficient, yet, when the juices are tiiin and clammy, a stronger
and move active salt i> requisite, and will always answer the trouble of obtaining it. —
Browne. The leaves bruised and applied, as well as the juicy pith of the tree, are
mentioned by Sloan£ as an excellent vulnerary.

This is the common name thfc tree is called by in Jamaica, I suppose from its hol-
lowness. It bears a long, crooked, spftjutus, representing or resembling worms, and
hath a very large indented leaf. It is of a very quick growth, growing very straight
and tall, without any branches, and ,at the top there is a soft papp} substance, which
some will eat; cattle will eat the leaves and its fruit, so will pigeons. The holly on
the top of the tree contains a white, fat, and juicy pith, which some eat ; hut the ne-
groes, with this, and with the young tender soft leaves, cure their n iu Is and old ul-
cers. I was once in the woods, and was caught iu a great shower oi rain, h iving only
an old Congo negro with me, who made me a hut; and I, having heard that some ne-
groes could make live, as they called it, I asked him if he could do it ; he said yes, and
v.ent ai I ■ >( a !."- t iece ol this tree, and split it, making a little hole or dent in it w;th
the poi t of his knife ; he then took a small piece of harder wood, and made tne end of
it to lit that dent ; then he sat down, and held the Bat piece between his feet, and with
tlit upright piece, which centered in the hollow of the oilier, twirled it round very swift
between the two palm of his hands ; it began to smoke in a very little time, and fire
appeared, which he so managed that we had soon a very good fire. The juice of the
tender tops is astringent, and good against fluxes, immoderate catamenia, and goh-
norhreas ; it isal o goad against the immoderate lochia, if a poultice of the leaves be
ap died to the navel. Its bark is very tough, and makes as good ropes as those of hemp.
1 knew a physician that cured many dropsical negroes with the a>hes of this tree, which
afterwards 1 made use of fir the same purpose; and 1 observed, that tney were the
heaviest ash tnat I ever saw (which I discovered by weighing them with other wood-*-
ashe>), and made a stronger lixivium than any others, having a greater quantity of
fixed salt in them ; they are therefore proper for drdpsical persons. — Barhaui, p. 195.

The ashes are strongly alkaline. A ley may be made with them and mixed with
bitter- wood infusion, four ounces to he taken three or four tim.s a day, in dropsy.
The ley of these or any w iod- ashes may be substituted for the salt of wormwood, when
that cannot be had. An elastic gum is obtained from this tree. — Dancer's Medical
Asii*t-i-it.

Tulip Tree — See Mahoe.

TURKEY

TJnKFV H OUT US JAMAICENSIS. 2*S<

TLT&KEY BERRIES. SOLANUM.

Cl.. 5, or. 1. — Pentandrid mimogt/ni'a. Nat. -OR. — Luridie.
Cek. CHAR.-r-See Calalue, branched, vol. l, p. Ml.

MAMOSUM.

Solanum baccif'erum, coule et ftflirs toiuerito-incanis, spinosis, (lore lit--
teo fructu croceo, viinore. Sloane, v. l, p. 236, t. 144. f. 3. S.
3 and 4 ,>f Browne.

Stem prickly, herbaceous, leaves angular, lobed, villose on both sides.

Stem about five or six foot high, tomentose, prickly branched; prickles bonding
downwards ; leaves alternate, on long prickly pedicels, large, roimdfch, angular
Lobed, soft, hairy on both sides, midrib prickly below. The flowers are produced in
bunches from the side oi the stalks, of a pale yellow or dirty white colour ; succeeded
by r#und yelfow berries. There are two varieties, both very common in Jamaica, the
berries aboutthe" size of small cherries, which are eaten by turkies, whence the name
turkey berries, they are also known by the names sonskumber, cot-nail, PoTt-Morant
tobacco, and macaw bush One of the varieties has a yellowish and the other a purplish
stalk, and it is not easy otherwise to distinguish them: and both have the same virtues.
The expressed juice or decoction of the leaves, rubbed on the parts, is good for the
itch, and also for the mange in mules, especially if used externally with lime; and a
drench of the juice may be also given now and then during the cure. The leaves boiled
with a small proportion of uil-nui leaves are recommended as a good fomentation for
sores. Horses eat the leaves.

This grows very common every where, even about Vie streets of towns and villages.
The stalks are very thick set with short crooked prickles, the points downwards, woolly,
round, and about three or four feet high ; the leaves are pretty large, and deeply sinu-
•ated on the edges, and its big rib is set underneath with small prickles, so that they
make a good fence ; the flowers are monopetalous, though the ora be divided into five
petals, reflected back, of a yellowish colour, with apices like the rest of the solanums ;
then come round orange-coloured berries, as big as English pease, having five green
capsula under them ; the berries are full of an orange-coloured pulp, containing small
white seeds. Their roots are very bitter, and of thin parts, and excellent virtue,
half an ounce, in powder, purges all humours downwards, opens obstructions
-of the liver and prostrates, provoking urine, being used instead of the open-
ing roots, which are so much esteemed. Tbe decoction of the roots is diuretic, and
good in burning fevers, and with honey in catarrhs, and in the Strang ury, with some
-cardamoms, it expels wind. The decoction of the leaves, with sugar and limes, is good
for the itch. The juice of the roots and leaves is good for .consumption, and with sugjm
ior the soreness of the breast. — Barham, p. 1 17.

■See CalaLoe, Branched — Ecg-Plant — Night-Shades — Potatoes — Tomato-
Berries.

TUKKEfc

246 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. tup.meris

TURKEY BLOSSOM; TRIBULUS.

Cl. 10, ok. ?.l.-^-Decandria niortogy?iia. NaT. OR. — Gruinale*.
Gen. char. — See Caltrops, v. 1, p. 114.

CISTIOIDES. CISTU3-1IKE.

Foliis sex jugatis subtegualibus, Jiore amplo odorato. Browne, p. 22ds .
T. l. . '
Leaves eight-paired, leaflets almost equal-
Tins has a perennial woody root, from which spring many hairy, jointed, trailing,
talks, near two feet long ; at each joint are two pinnate leaves, which differ greatly in
size, one being composed of eight, and the other of four, pairs of leaflets* Peduncles
xillary, hairy, near two inches long, sustaining one pale yellow flower, composed of
ve large petals, with narrow tails, but very broad and rounded at their points ; fruit
roundish, armed with very acute spines. Browne supposed this to be the species ter~
restris, but Swartz made it the cistiaides*

This plant, whether a native, or originally introduced into Jamaica, is now very
common about Kingston, and grows .very luxuriantly both in the eastern and western
limits of that town. It is planted in many of the gardens for the sake of its flowers,
\rhich yield a pleasant agreeable smell. It is a spreading creeper, and runs frequently
the length of three or four feet from the main root, throwing out many lateral branches
r?n all sides. The fowls are observed to feed much on the blossoms of this plant where
it .grows wild, and is thought to heighten the flavour, as well as to contribute to fatten
them. — Browne.

This plant grows very commonly all over Salt-Ponds, and is fed upon by all kinds of
stock. Its beautiful yellow flowers are highly ornamental to the pastures, and it is re-
narkable as the first plant which springs when rain falls after a scries of dry weather. .,

TjJRK's Heads — Sec Melon Thistle:

■

}

TURMERIC. CURCUMA

Cl. 1, ou. 1. — Monandria monogynia. NaT. OR. — Scifaminea'.

(a*EN\ en vR. — Calj x a superior obscure perianth ; corolla has the tube of the petal .
narrow; border three-parted; divisions lanceolate, spreading, gaping more on
one sirjus ; nectary one-leafed, ovate acuminate, larger than the divisions of the
petal, inserted into the more open sinus; stamens five filaments, o( which four
are erect, linear, barren; one within the nectary, linear, petal-form, with a two-
cleft top ; anthers adnate : the pistil has a roundish inferior germ, a style length,
of die stamens ; stigma simple, hooked : the pericarp is a roundish capsule, three-
celled, three-valved ; seeds very many. Ml the species are natives of the Ejist*<
Indies, the most useful has been introduced into Jamaica.

LONGA. IONS.

Leaves lanceolate, lateral nerves very numerous.
Root perennial, creeping, fleshy, palmate, with columnar branches, andparalle! rooting

ringi,

*Vur^' HORTUS J \M AI C EN <US. ' 21.7

•riivj; . il • ' . i pi le, thetresh, s iffronoploured, with a bitterish taste, andsmellof

' "saive.'Sten ... leai i broad- lanceolate, large, quite entire, smooth, annual, suppot-
ti g an i> ■ ■ii.ru mg- each other. Scape external, slender, nearly erect, almost naked, ap-
j oxim ting to the bundle of leaves ; spike thick, sub ovate, three inches long ; flowers
S ile, white, with a yellow nectar)-, solitary, and inclosed within the scales of the
s| k Border of the coyolla four-parted, two lateral segments blunt, the upper acute ;
-See sfew; no barren rilameikts. — Linneus.

Thi; plai ' thrives very well in Jamaica, but has not been much cultivated, though it
may ii<'< '■■■ found in almost a wild state -in --many places where it formerly has been
planted, since its introduction by Zachary Bay ley Edwards, esq. in the year 1783,
The mode of curing it for marked is simply by drying it in the sun, either whole, or, to
expedite the> process, cut in pieces. The roots should be -dug as soon as the flower
Stems fade.

Turmeric has a slight aromatic and not very agreeable smell, and a bitterish some-
what warm taste. It readily gives out its active matter both to aqueous and spirituous
menstrua : communicating to the former its own deep yellow, and to the latter a fine
yellowish red tincture. Distilled, with water it yields a small quantity of a gold coloured
essential oil, of a moderately strong smell and pungent taste: the remaining decoi turn
inspissated leaves a bitterish, considerably saline, mass. The inspissated extract from
rectified spirit i> moderately warm and bitter, ami not a little nauseous. In the eastern
countries, this root, besides its use in colouring and seasoning their food, is much re-
commended as a medicine; being accounted one of the most effectual remedies iu ob-
structions of the viscera and mesentery, which are there frequent ; in uteririe disorders,
difficulties of water, and affections of the kidnies. Among us it has only been employed
by way of decoction, infusion, and powder, as a deobstruent, in hypochondria, leuco
phlegmatic, and cachectical constitutions ; and esteemed by some as a specific in the
jaundice ; the dose in substance is from a scruple to a drachm ; in decoction or infusion
*wice a> much. It tinges the urine of a deep yellow colour. — Lewis' Mat. Med.

A plaster of turmeric, well bruised, top and roots, is thought to be good against the
JkJte of the rattle-snake. Phil. Tran. No. 479,. p. 144.

TURNIP. BRASSICA.

Vt. 15, or. 2. — Tetradynalnia siliquosa. Nat. or. — Crucifera^
"CJen. CHAR.— -See cabbage, vol. 1, p. 130.

RAPrf.

Root caulescent, orbicular, depressed, fleshy.
This useful culinary plant is generally cultivated in Jamaica from seeds imported
Trom Europe or America, which produce turnips of a very sweet flavour, but never of
that size they commonly arrive to in their natural soil. In new burnt oft" grounds,- how-
ever, when die seeds are scattered among th. ashes, they grow to a considerable size,
«nd are of a much milder consistence and taste than in their native soil. Unless the
ground * here they are sown be prett , hard, they are apt to run into long roots, from
not receiving sufficient resistance in their vegetation ; it is therefore better not to dig
the teas in which they are sowed.

Turnips

U* HORTUS JAMA I C EN SIS. , turnsoles

Turnips are accounted a salubrious food ; demulcent, detergent, somewhat laxative
and diuretic, but liable, in weak stomachs, to produce flatulencies, and prove difficult
of digestion ; the liquor, pressed out from them, after boiling, is sometimes used me-
dicinally in coughs and disorders of the breast. The seeds have been accounted alexi-
pbarmic or diaphoretic ; they have no smell, but discoveirto the taste a mild acrimony,
seemingly of the same nature with that of mustard seed, though far weaker. — Leimt*
Mat. Med.

TURNSOLES. HELIOTROPIUM.

Cl. 5, or. l. — Pinta.ndria movoeynia. Nat. or. — Asperifoliie.

- This generic name is derived from two Greek words, signifying the sun and to turn,
because the leaves were supposed to turn towards the sun. Hence also the English
name.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, tubular, five-toothed, permanent ; corolla,
monopetalous, salver-shaped ; tube the length of the calyx ; border flat, half
five-cleft, obtuse ; clefts smaller, alternate, more acute, between the larger on. :s ;
throat naked : stamens five very short filaments, in the throat, anthers small, co-
vered: the pistil has four germs, style filiform, length of the stamens; stigma
emargiuate : no pericarp ; calyx erect unchanged, cherishing the seeds in its bo-
som^ seeds four, ovate, acuminate. Five species are natives of Jamaica.

1. 1NDICUM. INDIAN.

Udiotrapiian Americemum terulium, foliis •/icrmfni Sloane, v. 1,
p. 213. Herbaceummajus hirsutum, faliis rugosis cordato-ovatis,
spicis crassis geminatus terminalibus, Browne, p. 150, II. i.
Leaves cordate-ovate, acute, somewhat scabrous, spikes solitary, fruits bifid.
Stem herbaceous, a foot and a half or two feet high, round, scabrous, hirsute, sub-,
divided; leaves cordate-spatulate, ovate, slightly serrate, wrinkled, nerved, hairy,
softish ; on pretty long petioles, two and a half inches long, and one and a half broad
in the middle. Spikes terminating, single or solitary, sometimes, but very seldom,
double ; sometimes also from the sides of the branches, reflex only at the end. Flowers
sessile, pointing oneway, approximating in a double ro.v, small, blue; tube very
long, cylindric, not globular, as in the others, border scarcely half five-cleft, seg-
ments equal, blunt; throat- five- rayed, orange-coloured, closed. Germs in connate
pairs; seeds one- celled ; two, three, or four, of unequal sizes, and if more than two
die rest are abortive; the fertile ones are ovate, acuminate, swelling a little on the
outside, covered *with a juicy bark, an I slightly connected at the base. A decoction
of this plant has been found beneficial as a diuretic, iu a suppression of urine."

Besides the garden clary, we have a very common plant, that grows every where ir*-
Jamaica, called wild clary. The sti Ik is large, green, ;mJ hairy, -ising about two feet
high; the leaf like garden clarv, having many five-leaved flowers, of a pale blue co-
lour, set in a double row uii the upper .-id', of the branches, an Itun like a scorpion's
tail. Like the heliotropes, if cleansed) "iiJ consolidates wounds and ulcers, and is,.
good against the inflammations mi the skin. Itis boiled oa-nut oil, to cure the

Sting of scorpion* *ud the bite of » aia-d dog. Barham, p. 4 3,

t. FRUTICuSL'M*

TURN30LK8. H O RT U S J AM A I C E N S I S. g&

2. FKUT1COSUM. SHRUBBY

ITeliotropium minus lithospennifoliis. Sloane, r. 1, p. 214, t. 132,
f. 4. Fruticulosum kirsutum, Joiiis lanceotatis uuuonbus, spicit
singularibus tenninalibus. Browne, p. 131, H. 4.
Leaves linear-lanceolate, hairy ; spikes solitary, sessiie.

The small shrubby turnsole grows commonly about Old Harbour, seldom rising more
than fire or six inches. The leaves are s-uall and hairy, and the stalks of a shrubby ap-
pearance. Spikes always single and not much bent, smail and slender. Browne. —
flower's terminating, on short pedicels, pointing one way, on short, axillary, hispid,
peduncles; segments of the calyx upright, stiir'; corolla white, border five-cornered7;
throat closed, pale, having five rays from the centre; to the angles of the border ; fila-
ments from the middle of tne tube ; ant Hers converging and cohering at the tip ; the
germ ovate, style short subulate, stigma capitate ; capsule roundish, containing two
hemispherical seeds.

3. CURRASSAVlCXWf. C'JUACOA.

Heliotroplum maritimum minus, folio glauco, fore albo. Sloane, v. 1,
p 213, t 132, f. 3. Sttpinum leucoplieum molle, foliis august is.
Browne, p. 151. H. 3.

Leaves lanceolate-linear, smooth, without veins, spikes conjugate.

Stem round, smooth, juicy, white, seldom more than fourteen or sixteen inches
high ; it grows in tufts, and always found spreading about the root, and is easily distin-
guished by its whitish, smooth, narrow, leaves, which are in tufts, somewhat blunt,
upright, on very short petioles, some alternate, others opposite. Spikes in pairs, on
a common peduncle, and recurved ; the corolla white with a yellow base and an open
throat; the fruit an ovate globular berry, containing four nuts, drying as it ripens,
an 1 divisible into four parts ; seeds solitary, ovate-oblong, having a very short beak,
convex on one side, slightly concave on the other. Sloane says it grows on salt mar-
•6hy grounds near the seaside.

4. GNAPHALODES. CNAPHALIUM-LIKE.

Heliotropium arborcum, maritimum, tomentosum, gnaphali Ameri~
ami folds. Sloane, p. 213.

Leaves linear, obtuse, tomehtose ; peduncles dichotomous ; flowers of the spikes
in fours ; stem frutescent.

This is an upright shrubby plant, commonly two feet high, sometimes rising six
feet, woody, and firm ; bark downy, smooth, and white ; branches towards the top,
round, little divided, the younger scarred at bottom where the leaves have grown, al-
together forming a convex, white, handsome, head, "visible far off at sea. Leaves
wedge-linear, veinless, thick, tomentose on both sides, glaucous, sessile, numerous,
crowded at the ends of the branches ; common peduncles round, tomentose, erect, a
little longer than the leaves, terminating, few on each branch, bifid or trifid at top j
■single pedicels spring from the divisions, and form a spike directed one way, frequent-
ly bifid itself, but sometimes simple ; flowers small, with the calyxes of all so connect-
ed that no one can be taken out without tearing the next ; corolla white. Ectzius.

VOL. II. I l 5. PARViFLORtH.

»** HOltTUS JAMAICENSIS. wstlb.

5. PiRVIrLORUVf. SMALL FLOWERED.

llirmtinn lutr virens, feliis rutiosis ovatis, spicis- graeitibribhs sill*
gulaiibus lateiulwus, yuandotjue tenninaiibus. Browne, p. 15 i.

T„paves ovate, vyrinkled, scabrous, opposite, and alternate.
This is nearl)- allied to the first specie*. Stem erect, pubescent, a foot high ; nvwt
of the leaves opposite, except those in the middle of the stem, which are alternate*
netioled, lucid, acute. Peduncles opposite %o the leave?, or from the divisions of tne
stem, longer than the leaves, erect, each having two recurved ii'nbricata spikes ; co«
rt'lla minute, pervious, white with a yellow base. Tue seeds are couumed in a ruund*
\*h capsule, with four cells and one seed in each.

TURTLE or MANATEE GRASS. ZOSTERA.

Cl. l.OR. 1. — Monandriamnnogyn;a. Nat. on Inundat.r.

Gfn. char. — Spadix linear, within the -heath of the leaves, flower bearing on one
side; no calyx nor corolla ; am her sessile, opposite to the genu ; stigmas two,
linear ; capsule one-seeded.

MARINA. MARINE,

Alga angust [folia vitrariorum. Sloane, v. I, p. 61. Foliisftre line*
aribus. Browne, p. 71.

Hoots fibrous from the joints of the long, round, smooth, branching, stent) which
at. the base is decumbent, but above floating, leafy, and compressed a little. Leaves
alternate, petioled, very long, linear, flaccid ami tender, blu uish, quite entire, ami
smooth, a little above the base opening into a longitudinal fissure, anJ putting forth a
flat linear spadix, bearing fljwers on one side. The A > v.?rs are completely protected
from the salt water, u.i ler which thev grow, bv this sheath in ; base of the leaf, which
closely enfolds them This plant is the same as the European one, and grows frequent-
ly in the shallow sandy bavs of Jamaica, and is the common food of the manatee, the
turtle, and trune fish, as well as other marine animals. Buildings have been thatched
with the green leaves, and the covering will endure upwirds of a century. Exposure
to the weather bleaches it white. It is nseo by the inhabitants of Gothland as manure,
end also for the purpose of. btuiling beds. Horses aud swiue eat this plant, and cowt
are ioud of it.

VANGLQ

*A*8i« EtORTUS JAMAICENSIS <6i

V.W'GLO, or. OIL PLANT. SESAMUM.

"f*L. 14, or 2. — Didijnimia, angiosptrm'a. NaT. or. I.vridjr.

•Ci'N. :hir. — <3Uys a one-leafed fne-narted perianth, erect, equal, very short,
permanent ; segments lanceolate, the nnpi r one shorter : corolla one-petaled,
bell-shaped; tube roundish, ainiosi the length of the calyx ; thront inflated,
spreading, bell-shaped, \er% lar^r, declined ; border five-cult; segments lour,
p. ituious, almost equal, and a fifth, which u the lowest, a little longer, ov^te,
etiuij^hr : sianun.s, tbnr filaments, sponging from the u 1 e, shorter than the co-
roils, a^cendinu, setaceous'-, the two inner shener ; wi'h the ru< inu nt of a f fth
f ment; anthers, oblong,- at ute, -erect ; the pistil lias an o\atc hirsute geini ; a
fi dorm st\ le, ascending, a it he longer than the si; nuns ; stigma Is in i olatt , two-
parted ; lamellae parallel; tin- pericarp is an (Jblorg capsule, olxureh four,
cornered, compressed, acuminate, four-celled ; suds very u.ain, t>ub-ovjttj
T*u aj't-iis's are cultivate-. J. Jamaica verj generally.

I. MRIEVTAI.R. RASTEHN.

f^n's omnibus ob.'cngis serrat s. Browne, p. C70, S. 2.
Ler.res ovate? oblong, entire.
Stem erect, rutin. 1, b irv, with few branches placed below ; leaves petioled, veined,
kavin.r small ti irs scattered over them F owers axil ary, solitary, on a \er\ short pe-
d i u.le, at toe base ot which are two short lint ar liracti s, ami within t ach a yellow per-
forated gland ; calyx gaping, siin.nst equal ; corolla cbsi ureiy five- loLed, blunt, the
lo ver lobe more produced and rounded: stsmensfoiir, two above the others, and be-
t.ve -n the latter the castrate I rudiment of a film filament ; capsule oblong, acuminate.
Toon ted-quadrang-tiLar, with a groove on each side, four-celled, two-valvcd ; p; rtition
double ; one thicker, soli I, from the dorsal groove of the valves ; the other thinner bi-
lt.*iellate,f ir ned from the margins of the »ai\es bent in ; seeds ovate-acuminate, com-
pressed-adit t+e, smooth, whitish, naiked on one side with a slender longitudinal -streak-
fasten'- I aion^; tiie < entrai angle of the cells — Lintteus an*. Crai titty This is a native
#f tbe'East ndies, and lately Brought to J iniaica, under tlie name of 2c3< pa y, thought
Ur.Hvne'ii.rtices t as common in the island in his time, and it m y be doubted i\heinex
it is not really in. iiyreious, he says it was cultivated in Carolina with great success,
Irhere it was comput -d that nine pounds of the seed yielded up war s if t >u poun Is of
■eat oil. wuic.h grew more mellow mid agreeable from age, and continued without any
ran id smell, or taste, for many years In two years it becomes so null, thai, when the
w ir n taste o! tne seed is worn off, it is used as a ^alad oi , and for all purposes ol sweet
oil It is frequently cintivated in the" Levant' and Africa asa.pulse,'>.anu the negroes
p ,r.'h the seeds >v r tin fire, mix tnem with w iter, a 1 1 stew other ingredients wiih
them. A puu ling is made with them, in ibe same manner as witu mith t or o e. In
Japan an.l ('nun r.iey use the oil for frving fisn a i I dressing other dishes ; as a varnish ;
an 1 medicinally as a rtesolveiit an 1 emolhedt T.ie --eeds ar frequently used in broths,
a i i nil ■ in > cakes. -Y I -co tion <>t the lea*es and '>ud\ i> lo »kcd upon as a good re-
•soltutve, an I freqm ntiy or It re J in inflammations .->. ihe eyes, w here warm fonu n tat ions
become requisite;. Tue leaves ire of a very uuciiaginous nature, as wed as the s # s,
a i I toe e n ilsi 1 1 of b ith have »een r conim -n led as excellent remedies in dysenu ry.
Lo.ij obocrv^'j tua.c tilts jjiuiit require* a rich varuj sot;, aa4 iuat i^w pla.jia deserve t»

I i'i be

%5k HORTUS JAMAICEN8I9. yxsQL*

\ e more generally caTtivate \ on account of ihz many domestic uses to v.hi.h lha oil-
with which it abounds may be applied.

This is called zesamum, or scwnium dfricanum. The first time I saw this
plant, it was growing io a negro's plantation, who told roe, they ground the \ etj|
between two stones, and eat it as they d> corn. J observed it hath a small Ion*
fibrous root from whence springs up a straight square stalk, like a netde, 1*0
or three feet high, set about widi long leav s o iposite to one anotner, anil 'agged.
much resembling thelantiurn^ or archangel ; and at the tops ol the stalks tome 'or* di.»
vers, white flowers, like digitalis; after which come their seed-vessels, full of small.
white seeds, which the negroes call sponga or ivolongo, which is much like the S£g*t
so! J in shops, bat very oils-. The o:l mat is drawn from it is called sergilint^L Tiis-'
see! is often mixed and ground with coco, to make chocolate In Ethiopia aiidEgvpt,.
th. y use the oil as we do oil-olive : It is made by grinding the si-e i, and expressing
the oil, as they do by other seeds. The seed and oil are hot, moist, emouiefct, and re-
solving ; breed gross n mrishment, an I therefore hurtful to weak stomal lis. Dropped-,
into the ear, it is good to soften the hard wax, and nelp deafness. A decoction oi the
plant is goo J fir coughs, pleurisies, inflammations of the lungs, hard sclftrrous tumour?,
and women use it for hardness of .the womb. The herb and seed, boiled in honeys.
make a good cataplasm or poultice for hard tumours, and dried ner»e&.r!r* shrunk si-
news ; so doth the oil A decoction of the whole herb, flowers, and sods, is good in
clysters, to soften the belly, and give a stool or two. The juice of the herb or distilled]
water is good for sore eyes. The decocted see 1 fattens, the oil more,, and -he ^regs
(which are eaten for food in Ethiopia) more than the oil ; women often drink the oil,
to be fat. The dre^s (when they make the oil by boiling) is given to four ounces m
pleurisies and pains, and in ail diseases of the skin, outwardly a^ well as inwardly. In
Greece, they use it for cakes, mixing it in maki i > their bread I.i Bengal it is plan u.- A
to in 'ke ill ; but it makes ground p >or. Toe oil takes off the roughness of tUe t! roat,
clears the voice, and mollifies hard imposthumes. This oil is better for making odori-
ferous oil than others, because of its durability The oil, u taken to four Ounces fof
many days, is good against the itch, hard -breathing, pleurisies, pains in the stomaoh,
womli, an. I guts, and is every way as effe t i il as linseed oil. Sir H Sloane s.iih, that
fnr. James Cunningham, V. ft. S and his very good friendf wrote to him from China,
Where he was physician to tne English factory, informing him, that the bean, or
mandarin broth, so frequently mentioned in the Dutch t rflbassy, and oiher authors. >•
Only an emulsion made of the seeds of sesamuui . n i hot water. — Bui ham, p. \2U

2. INDICl'M. INDIAN.

Sesatniim vetermn Sloane, v. I, p. 161. — Foliis inferfa'ibus trijidU
dentatis, superiortbus oulongis se rra! is. ~»-Biu\\iwt p. ^70, S. 1.
Lower leaves trifid.

This plant very much resembles the former, and possesses, in all respects, the samtf
virtues, and perhaps may only be a variety.

YA.NILLA.

timr.u* HOTvTUS J AM A IC E N SI 3. yja

- VANILLA, EPIDENBITJM

€f. CO, on. I — ' \i D'a-.dria. NaT. pa. Orch.dc.c.

Ci.. CHAR. — Sac G.-tauitbe, vol. I, p. 3^9.

5TAXIIXA.

LohiSLoblongn&arpmaticus: Sloane, v. i, p. iso — Scaniens. fnliis.tl- ■
liptico nitidissivi's, majgine inenibr avao cinctis, subsessili-

bus ; ii ferioribttSclavieuliajugifitis, suptrioribusoppoiitis. — Brovynej

p ■$>.<->'.

T.-aves ovate - >] g, nefve«1, sessile-, rauline, tendrils spiral.
Stems sub-parasitical, climbing very high, ro >ting by means of simple fibres like
Hendrils oppo .ite to the leaves, sub-flixuose, leafv, sub-divided at top, round, thick,
Ipcculenc, smooth ; lea^ ;s sessile, or half embracing, or somewhat sh athed, alternate,
ovate, acmbinate, half a foot Ion entire, longitudinally i.erved, very smooth, thiol? ;.
Bowers pedoncled, axillary, sooxny, large, purple; peduncle axillary; one or two
flowered, short ; with a sessile ovate-leaflet or bracte undt r each (low. r ; siliques pen-
dulous, naif afoot long and more, smooth, one-celled, three-valved ; seeds roundish,
black, shining — . S'unrz. The pods grow in purs, are generally the thickness oi' a,
child's finger, and about five or six inches in length ; they ire green at first, then yel-
lowish, and turn of -a brownish cast as they, ripen. The.staik is moderately slender,
and throws out a ion; winding tendril opposite to each of the lo.ver leaves, by which it
sticks to the branches of a, tree ; hut after it gains the top, then become useless,
end the place of each is supplied by a fellow leaf It is found wild in all part.-;
of til- mountains; particu'l irly in the parishes of St. Ann and St. Mary, and
grows most luxuriantly in cool and shady places. Ifthepods remain, too long upon
the stems thev transude a black fragrant balsam, which carries oiF both the smell and
deii acy of the s -eas, which are frequently mixed »ith chocolate^ to wnich they yield a
delicate smell and agreeable flavour ; and ire used to perfuuie snuff" and other sub-
Stances. As a medicine they are commonly looked upon as cordial, Stomachic, and good
in nervous complaints ; as provokers of urine and resisters of poison. — Broxciie \\"ht n
this plant is designed for propagation, cuttings may be taken ol about three or four
joints, and planted close to the stem of trees, in low, moist situations. The earth is
afcrwards to be kept clear from weeds, which, if permitted to grow about the cuttings
Before they are well-rooted, would overbear and destrov them; but, after they have fas-
tened their shoots to the stems of the trees, they are out of danger from injuries
of 'his sort 'hey do not produce flowers until thev are grown strong, so that some
affirm, that six or seven years pass from the plaining to the time of their bearing
fruit; but when thev begin to flower and fructify, they continue b aring for several
years without any further culture. It pro luces but one crop of fruit in a year, which,
is commonly ripe in May, or fit for gatheiing : for it is not suffered to remain until it is
p rfectlv mature, because- it is then not so fit for use. When it. is about halt changed
yellow, it is esteemed better for keeping than when it is changed to a brown colour, at
which time it splits an I discloses its seeds. While green, it affords no remarkable
scent, but, as it ri"ens, it emits a most grateful aromatic odour When the fruit be-
gins to. open, the birds attack it and devour all the seeds very greedily, but do not eat
any other part of the fruit. The method used to prepare it is to gather it when it tu ns-
ef a.yeliow colour, it is then piicd ia smstd Leaps w ferment two or three days, and

afterwards

t3t BORTUS JAMAICENST1. tr.yrwy-tr.Kt>

afterwards laH in tne sun t% drv : when a'wit half dry the po 1- ar? fl >ttened with th«
band, in i nibbed over tvith oil of palmn ckristi (or of the cocoa) ; men * x posed oive
ci >re to the sun, rubbed a second ti ne with oil, aid put in small bun lies, covered witn
Indian haves to preserve them In some parts they are gathered and bung up by lue
e 1 in some -hc'dv place to drv, an I, while they are drving, press them every now and
then h.Ptween tue finders trentiv to flatten them ; then the oil i- rtibhed on, to nreveni
t.i in from dr. ing too fast and bursting open ; which is repeated tiil they are fit to oa
rolled up in leaves or paper In rther parts, after gathering, they scald them in tne
iwllo.ving liquor ; a brine is made of salt and water strung enough to hear an egg ; to ilus i*
added ifburiii nart of chamber ive, ami a --n.all quantity of quick -I me ; the e are ho li J
togethei Tii i If a i i) >iir. Hie -vanillas are put into this liquor, until tliey a>e i borough,
lv scalde I then taken nut .and dried in the shade. When fit lor marki t, they are put
up from fiity to o ie iut) Ired an fifty in little bax*. Tae Spaniar Is are i. ry attentive
to tae maniiiiir an, I cultivating their vanilla groun Is, moulding tue plants up as thejl
on w, ii' .1 ti\ loJes Tor them to run on. The vanilla yields a ^rcal quantity ol oil and
Volatile oa-t. — Long, p. 715.

See Gpffn-W'TH0:.
VEL\tT-BlK — See Vlkvaim.

\TI.VFT LEAF. C1SSAMPF.LOS.

Cl. 5°, OR 12 — Di eeta mivdrtphia. Nat. or.— Surmentncrae.

Civ. Ciiw. — \o male calyx, unless tiie corolla be called so ; corolla fonr-orate
petals, Hat, expanded: nectary the membranaceous disk.of the flower, wheel-
shaped; stamens four vers small coalesceni filaments, anther-, broad, flat; the
femaie calyx none except, the bracte ; no corolla; nectarv the membranaceous
1. reral i dge id ihe germ oh. t d outwar Is ; tue pistil ha^ a roundish germ, three
styies, tli ie stigmas, erect acute ; the pericarp a glonular one-celled berry 5
se solitary, wrinkled, somewhat compressed. Two species uavc been found
it. Jamaica

1. PFRHRA.

CJeinathbacciiertt, glabra ttvllcsa, rotunda ctuinhit'cato f, f'n Sloane,
» I, p '.'00. — Scandms. fotiis peliatis, orhiculatorcordatis villosis j
Jlcr<bus nui cut, nis lucemosis, JentiRinis spuatis, spiw JoUoiutis.—*
Browne, p 3 7

L**av«i peltate, cordate, emarginate, and entire.

P'em climbing and twining from ten ro fifteen feet in height, lar, round, striate.!,

*m »oth or Uks ite. Leaves sub pe tate, coroate-roundisb, i imeni >se ; petioles- round,

r Hex, of a middling length; raceme-, compound, axillary lioecuus. Ma.es >u >-

divided, ma j flowered^ flowers numerous, heaped, duski y low, minute^ calyx

f nir-lei red, it fl -t- i: ucenlate., t«btuse, con< bvp, xprea ling, i oloured ; no corolla ; nee*

■ d sk of tn.e flower, smajier than the calvx, eiKi ... ittle coi cave, coloured ; fi-

''•. v( ry short, in tiie-midd.e of th>* nectar ; an her r mndish, capitate, the

Jur-paited tbut not four audit. O, UK itii.iaUtCapoiiiuitt.rou8, Female racemes

VON

W33*;ya nORTOS J A MAI 0 F.N <?I ffc «M

more simple, with five or six craw led p idan.cles, which are'one-flowered, flowers ex.
fernery minute, yellow-; bractes petioleJ, roundish, »r under each pedicel ; calyx
©ne-!eaved. the laci lia lateral, orate* alien u ited it the b<i .e, fastened t > in ; g< rm at b&tt
torn ; corolla a single petal, within the lacinia of die calyx, and only half the size of it,
!;.uT<ii, uvat % pbtuse, convex, attenuated at the base, deciduous. Germ obii piely fas-
tened to the pedis el, roun iiJi, hirsute, style subulate, erecl ; stigma trifi I, spreadi i 5 ; tha
fruit is a roundish, compressed; sc rlet, drupe? containing a single nut, orveryhar.l
Feed, compressed, triply echinafe-wrinkied at tiie edge, two-o lied ; cotyledons ovate.
In mountain coppices it is smooth, witn cordate-entire leaves, hoary underneath. la
champaign < a. ere ms situatious it is hirsute, with cordate- roundish em .reunite leaves,
which trp tomentose — Swart* The leaf of tne plant applied whole or hruiced t< ;\
H.imei cur s it effectually, and is also a remedy against poisoned b.tes. — Sloane. 1 he
deeoi:tion of the root is looked upou ts an excellent diuretic, infrequent use am >ug
the negroes for obstructions in the urinarv passages It thrives best ip a rich' shady
so;!, and is easily propagated. — Bxowne. Tne roots are black, stringy, an I a> thick aa
jarsaparilla, running superficially under the surface of the ground ; tiiey.aee-agr eal vT
aromatic and bitter, and have been recommended in nephritic disorders, in-ulcers f
the kidneys and bladder, in humoral asthmas, and in some species of jaundice A ae.
cocti m of them is u. e. I for pains and weakness of the stomach. — Wripht.

Tltis is a convoivulus'plain. I. grows in great plenty amongst eboniesr climbing
about chetn. Its l< aves are as soft as any velvet, which makes the planters c ill it ve v t-
Jeaf ; they are about the bigness of an English crown piece, rounding like the </y«c/.-j.
httca, &,.■ of a yellowish-green colour, h is a ino^t excellent a itid ite a^ insi poison,
inwardlv taken or outwardly applied ; I have seen it heal a wound to admiration, by
just laving one of the leaves upon the vvotin I : it cures ulcer, in the luu^s. 1 knew a
physician perform great cures on consumptive persons, who told me mat Ins re lie ly
was only a srrup made of tiie leaves and root of this plant, tar >>Uien uc iidd a pistole a
kottle. — Baihavi, p. 2«0.

2. CAAPEBA.

Leaves petioled at the base, entire.
This has round, heart-shaped, leaves, extremely woolly, and soft to the touch, their
footstaiks placsd at the base between the two ears ; the flowers in bunches from tiie
tide of the sulks. Every part is covered with a soit woolly down.

i

No English Name. VERBESINA.

Cl. 19, or. 2. — Syngenesia poly gnmia super ■/?'< a. Nat. or. Comnnslf/e,
Gf^. char — Common calyx concave, in a double row ; compound corolla radi*
ate; florets of the ray about five ; pericarp none, calyx unchanged; pappus*-
fcwtiCU ; receptacle cuany. Four species are natives of Jamaica.

t: put*»

256 HORTUS JAMA TCEN SIS. vEsefsinju

!. EUTA. WINGED.

Chrysanthemum caxmabinum Americanum datum, fo-c aphyl'a, glc- ■
boso, durantio, baccharidis 'oliis. Sloane, v. I, p 261, — t'o'iisob-
longo cvatis, subdcntutis, recurrentibus , jljftbus remotis termmali-
bus. — Browne, p. 319.
Leaves alternate, decurrent, waved, obtuse.

This is an herbaceous plant, with an upright stem, two feet high, sub-divided, round,
winged, rough-haired; branches alternate, erect, axillary ; leaves oblong, acuminate,
angular-toothed, nerved, somewhat rugged, rough- haired. The- stem has four wings,
formed bv the leaves running down it ; hence its trivial name. Peduncles elongated,
terminating, pubescent, with flowers in single heads, of a deep orange colour. Com-
mon calyx, sub-imbricate , the outer scales longer, obtuse, linear ; inner shorter, mem-
branaceous In the hermaphrodite florets the style is cloven at the lip, and die stigmas
thicker and compres>ed. Tne female florets in the ray are numerous, ovate, and emar-
ginate ; the genu ovate, margined ; the st> le cloven, and the stigmas reflexed. All the
seeds are ob-ovate, wedge-shaped, with white membranaceous wings; pappus tuo-
avvned ; one awn longer than the other, hooked ; chaffs of the receptacle linear acute,
membranaceous, compressed — 9wartz. Browne says this plant is common on the
north side of the island, and remarkable for the edgings of its stalk. Sloane found it
near the bridge over Black-River in bt. Dorotln's.

2. NODIFLORA. KNOT- FLO WE RING.

Chrysanthemum conijzoide's nodiflorum, semine restrato bidenie.
Sioane, v. I. p. 262, t. 15 3, f l. — Electa hirsuta, foliis subscssilibus
ovutisopposUis.Jioribusconierlit alaiibus. — Browne, p. 3 IS1, v. 3.

Leaves opposite, ovate, serrate ; calyxes oblong, sessile, cauline lateral.

Root annual ; stem herbaceous, branched, afoot high, round, even ; leaves sessile,
most).) terminating cuueate ovate, acuminate, nerved, hispid. Flowers sessile, in the
axils of the terminating leaves, two or tliree together ; calyx single, of four scales, two
of which arc longer, lanceolate hairy. Hermaphrodite florets five; female florets four
or five, short, blunt, emargiuate ; seeds of of the disk black, with two long awns ; of the
fay wider, tooih-ietted at the edge, and membranaceous, awnless at the top. — Sxcaffs,
The erect verbesina with simple opposite leaves is cornmon every where in the low-
lands. It seldom branches or divides in its growth, and risk's generally from eighteen to
twenty-four niches. — JJioxne.

3. MUTICA.

Chrysanthemum jpalustre minimum repens, a p>i folio. Sloane, v. 1,
p. L'fij, t. 155, f. 3. — Minima arvois'S ; foliohs supcrionbus triden-
taiis, in/t'ioribus taciniatis. — Aiuhemis. Browne, p. "_0.

Leaves trifid laciniate, serrate ; stem creeping.

Root annual. Stem herbaceous, procumbent, and creeping, branched, striated,
smooth ; brat eldets al ernate ; leaves alternate ; the upper ones three-parted ; leaflets
wedge-shaped, toothed, blunt; the lower ones entire or sub-trifid, toothed, ovate,
blunt, smooth, glaucous beneath ; petioles decurrent, embracing, the length of the
leaviij, rfmooth. Peduncles terminating, one-flowered ; flowers small, yellow : common

calyx

*gft#*» HORTUS .TAMAICENSIS. 257

calyx double or calycled, outer of five linear scales ; inner also of five, which are
Jar>er, membranaceous, whitish. The four or five middle florets of the disk are five*
tdetbed ; the rest, nearer to the ray, smaller and four-toothed; germ compressed,
style cloven, stigmas slender, reflexed. Female corollets of the ray two-toothed,
spreading ; stigma bifid ; fruiting calyx more spreading. Inner seeds of the disk ob-
long, compressed, with a membranaceous serrate margin ; outer round, striated, obtuse,
toothed, having a point in the middle. Seeds of the female florets compressed, mi-
nute, but commonly wanting. No seed-crown. Chaffs linear, but none in the mid-
dle. Natrve of the West- Indies, in moist pastures. The genus of this plant is diffi-
cult to determine ; for, having no seed-crown, it is not properly a species of verbesina
-or bidens, and should rather be referred to anthemis, but the habit is different. — Swartz.

4. PINNATIFIDA. PINNAT1FID-LEAVED.

•Leaves alternate pinnatifid.
Stem a fathom high, round, somewhat tomentose, putting forth opposite branches.
Leaves somewhat rugged, narrowed at the base, each border decurrent and forming a
curled wing, so that die stem is four-winged ; the segments of the leaves serrate. The
flowers are numerous, forming corymbs at the top of the stem and branches. Calyx
ob-ovate, imbricate ; scales ovate-acute, brown at the top, the inner ones longer ; co-
rolla yellow ; females in the ray about fourteen, linear, trifid, with the middle toothlet
shorter ; germ in all small, turbinate ; stigmas revolute, yellow ; receptacle flat, chafiSs
the length of the florets, keeled, oblong, with a sharp point. Seeds ovate, emargi-
ginate, and crowned with two line awns ; the central ones girt longitudinally with t.ve
wings, those of the ray with three. — Cavanilics.

s

VERVAIN. VERBENA.

Cl. 2, OR. 1. — Diandria monogi/nia. Nat. OR. — Personatte.

vGen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed, angular, tubular, linear, five-toothed, perianth j
the fifth toothlet truncate, permanent; corolla one-petaled, unequal, tube cylin-
drical, straight for the length of the calyx, then widening and curved in ; border
spreading, half five-cleft ; segments rounded, almost equal ; stamens two or four
filaments, bristle-shape J, very short, lying within the tube of the corolla; two of
them shorter, '(when there are four) ; anthers curved in, as many as there are fila-
ments ; the pistil has a four-cornered germ ; a simple filiform style the length of
the tube ; and an obtuse stigma ; the pericarp is very slender, and scarcely mani-
fest, or almost none ; calyx containing the seeds, which are two or four, oblong.
Seyen species are natives of Jamaica.

1. JAMAICENSIS. JAMAICA.

Verbena folio siib rotunda serratojiore creruleo. — Sloane, v. l,p. 171,
t. 107, f. 1. Erecta divis(g spicis e divaricationibus supremis as-
sitrgentibtts. — Browne, p. 115, v. 1.

Two stamened, spikes very long, fleshy, naked ; leaves spatulate-ovate, serrate,

stem rough haired.

'Stem from two to four feet high, very much branched and diffused, suffrutescent at

the base ; stem and branches rou^ii with hairs. Leaves at the joints opposite, on short

Vol. II. Kk footstalk*,'

258 HORTUS JAMA I CRN 81 & tssvari

footstalks, ovate, obtuse, or acute, serrate, gradually and for a considerable length at-.
tenuated at tlie l>as,e. From the axil between two opposite branches comes forth a
fleshy spike, a foot loiij, unequally cylindrical, stiff and green ; the flowers, ihick ssfc.
round it, blow in- succession, beginning at the bottom;, very few together, violet co-
loured, with the throat and long slender incurved tube white ; anther sulphur-coloured j
after the corolla is fallen the style stands out of the spike. After each flower follows in
a greenish brown calyx or husk, one seed or ratherhusk, something like wheat in shape
and colour, only smaller, and easily divisible into two, both being close covered with
the same membrane-; they are in a cavity on the side of the spike, and are covered
with three sharp, brownish, membranous leaves. This plant is much used in clysters
in the belly-ache, and in poultices with onions for the dropsy, as also the decoction. It
is used in ulcers beaten and laid on as a poultice. — Shane and Jacquin. The expressed
juice of the plant, dose one or two table spoonfuls, acooling purge forchildren infevers-
and worms. The vervain is likewisea remedy of particular note in sundry negro maladies.
•Sloan e says, that a decoction of it with spikenard (ballola suuzeolens ) cures dropsies.
Hughes says that vervain is a powerful deobstruent ; that a table-spoonful of the juice,
for four successive mornings, is more effectual in bringing on the caULinenia than any
other medicine. — Med. Ass. This plant is poisonous to sheep. Its virtues as a purifier
of the blood are well known, even when used as tea. The expressed juice given with sale
is an excellent purge; and infused in rum is said to drive out the yaw j, and other impu-
rities'of the blood* ; and, being of a purgative quality, prevents the bad effects on the
stomach, which the use of any bitter, too long continued, is apt to produce. Its erup-
tive quality is much quickened by adding a little flour of brimstone to it. Vervain and
ground ivy tea are often beneficial in hectic fever.

We have several sorts of these plants. One sort is exactly like that in England ; it
keepelh green all the year round. This sort is well known by most or all the inhabitants
of America : The Indian and negro doctors ■perform great cures with it in dropsies,
especially those in woman, occasioned by obstructions of the menstrual discharge, and
that by only giving tha juice of the plant. It is a powerful remedy against worms, as
■was evident by a gentlewoman in America, who was in a lingering consumptive condir
tion for some time, and the occasion of it could not be found out by the physicians' :
Her lungs were good, and so was her appetite, but she still wasted, and was always
complaining ; at last, a skilful Indian gave her the juice of this plant, mixed with some
sugar, by the use of which she voided, in a few days, a thick worm, above twelve
inches long, hairy, and forked at the tail, after which she soon recovered, and was per-
fectly well. The same person recommended this remedy to another gentlewoman in
Peru, who, by taking it in the same manner, voided many small long worms, and among
the rest, one very long and Hat, like unto a long white girdle ; after which she also be-
came well. It is almost certain, that the death of most children in America is occa-
sioned by worms, entirely owing to their fruit, which is very apt to breed them : This
might be often prevented, by taking the juice of this plant, with contrayerva infused in
wine; which would also prevent the fever that is occasioned by them. The ancients
attributed main virtues 10 vervain : It is a great cephalic, and vulnerary in the distem-
per of the eyes and breast, in obstructions of the liver and spleen ; it makes an excel-
lent

* If a sore lias the appearance of proceeding from tlie yaw?, tt is said tliat by dressing it with the leaves of
this plant, which eives considerable pain at lir.t, it may be diaCDVt i< d ; fin wk> " tlie pain has subsided, if it
proceed from the yaws the sore will be of a whitish ohitir, but if not, it will appear red.

ttrtaiv HORTUS JAMAICENSISfc e$9

lent garirarism for diseases of the throat, and is good against piles and falling-down of
the anus

To take away the hardness of the spleen, bruise vervain with the white of an egg" and
baric-, -meal or wheat-flour ; make it into a cataplasm, and apply it to the part.— Bar-
-ia.u, p. l'J9.

2. PRISMATICA. fRISMATIC:

V-erbena minima c ham adryos folio — ^loane, v. 1, p. i72, t. 107, f. 2,
Procumbens raniosa, Joins majoribus, sp;cis Ungisswiis laleralibus.
Brou ne, p. U6, v. 2.

T.'o stamened, spikes loose ; calyxes alternate prismatic, truncate, awned,
leaves ovaie-obtuse.

S ;m and branches round, smooth, and rrmed with straight, scattered, black, spines ;
the leaves are bi-pinnate, often of four pairs, sometimes five or three, with an uncer-
n umber of pinnules, twelve, more or less ; they are linear-oblong, sharpish,
e :' sub-sessile, and small ; the racemes are lax, terminal, and axillary ; about half
, with the proper footstalks about two inches long, spreading, and at the
tips • igthe flowers, which are of a pale yellow, T(Sloane says blue?) into a round-

isb - I ; they arc sessile and of a fragrant smell. — Jucquin.

3. LAPFJi.ACEA. BURRY.

iScoi'odonia Jloribus spiralis purpurascentibus ptntapclafoules, semine
u 17, ec, 'nato. — Sloane, v. i, p. 174, t 110, f. I. Foiiis

cordoto mat is, Jloribus spica£ist calicibus injiatis, semhiibus echinu-
tis. — Browne, p. 116, v. 5.

Four stamened, fructing calyxes roundish, inflated, seeds echinate.

Stem herbaceous, a foot high, erect, somewhat branched, brittle, quadrangular, hol-
low, more contracted at the oase of the petioles, striate 1, pubescent. Leaves opposite
and decussated, ovate, acute, serrate, nerved, hispid, on four-cornered pubescent pe-
tioles. Racemes long, loose, composed of scattered flowers, directed one wav, of a ve-
T\ pale blue colour, on short pedicels, having minute bractes under tliem ; calyx equal,
hispid; corolla almost equal ; tube twice as long as the calyx, segments of the border
acute, three superior a little distinct, two inferior ; germ ovate, style short, stigma glo-
bular ; capsule four-cornered, spiny at the corners, ovate at the base, bi- partite, four-
celle I, covered with the inflated calyx. Seeds four oblong. — Swartz. The obtuse
stigma is reflected ; each of the seeds is two celled, and contains two kernels. — Jacquin.
Tnis plant is cally Styptic or Velvet-Bur, and is a fine vulnerary and sub-astringent,"
commonly applied to bleeding wounds in either men or cattle. It is thought to be so
powerful a styptic or astringent as to stop the hemorhage even when some of the
mure considerable arteries are cut ; an i may be deservedly considered as an excellent
ajiphcation in all manner of sores where the iiabit is relaxed.

4. STOECHADIFOLTA. LAVENDER-LEAVED.

ISiibfruticosa reclinata, foiiis a>'?>!st;s ferrato-dentaffc, pedunculis lon-
gis solitartis, Jloribus coiiglobatis. — Browne, p. 116, V. 4, t. 3, f. I,
Two stamened, spikes ovate, leaves lanceolate-serrate, plaited, stem shrubby.
This rises with a shrubby branching stalk five or six feet high ; leaves opposite on

K k 2 short

260 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. vervain

short footstalks, lanceolate, two inches long, and half an inch broad, serrate, the teeth
of the jags coming from the point of the fold or plait ; flowers on long naked stalks
from the axils, blue, and collected in oval-heads. Browne says it grows about the Fer-
ry and lower lands of St. Catherine, that it is biennial or triennial, and stretches by a
slender woody stalk five or six feet, and is furnished with a great number of oblongs
serrated and veined leaves, adorned with a fine d^vvn below.

5. NODIFLORA. KNOT-FLOWERING.

Verbena nodiflora ineana currassavicalatifolia. — Sloane, v. 2, p. 187,
Nodifiora repens Joliis obovatis sup'erne crenatis, pedunculis longis
solilariis, fioribus conglobatis. — Browne, p. 11 6, V. 3.

Four stamened, spikes conical-headed, leaves wedge-shaped, toothed ; stem
creeping.

Roots simple, filiform. Stems herbaceous, creeping, ascending, from three inches-
to a foot in length, sub-divided, roundish, marked with lines, smooth ; leaves opposite
and decussated, on short petioles, cuneate-obovate, serrate-toothed, nerved, thickish,
smooth on both sides, having pores underneath. Peduncles solitaiy, terminating, erect,
angular; spike terminating, roundish, composed of small whitish or rose-coloured flow-
ers, separated by bractes, which are sessile, imbricate, square, aetiminative, concave, co-
loured ; calyx compressed a little, two-toothed, teeth erect, keeled, ciliate at the back ;
tube of the corolla longer than the calyx, but scarcely curved in ; border slightly five-
cleft ; the Upper segment emarginate, almost upright, shorter ; the anterior ones equal,
spreading ; the middle one three-notched ; anthers twin, yellow ; germ two-grooved ;
style short, thick ; stigma sub-capitate, green ; seeds two, roundish, flatter on one side,
covered by a membrane, forming a sort of thin Capsule. — Sirartz. Brown calls it the
round-leafed creeping vervain, common in the low moist lands of Jamaica, and easily
known by its obtuse crenated leaves and round-headed spikes.

G. URTIClFOLIA. NETTLE-LEAVED.

Hirsuta, Joliis ovato-acuminatis atque serratis, spicis tcnuissimis pluri~
mis, culiculis subadnatis. — Browne, p. 117, V. 6.

Four stamened, spikes filiform panicled ; leaves undivided, ovate -serrate, acute,
petioled.
Stems four-cornered, about three feet high ; leaves three inches long, and an inch
broad in the middle, ending in acute points, serrate, and placed by pairs ; panicles ter-
minating, long, slender, composed of small white flowers, ranged loosely. Browne
calls it the hairy vervain with slender spikes growing pretty common in St. Mary's,
but rare in other parts of the island, though he met with some specimens about the
Ferry. It thrives best in a cool and rich soil.

7. GLOBIFI.ORA. GLOBULAR-FI.OWEREB.

Ne.pcta maxima, /lore albo, spica habit iori. — Sloane, v. I, p. 173, t.

10S, f. l. J'roccrior ; foliis ovato-acuminatis, serratis ; spicis via-

joritnts, coynpositis, terminalibus ; spicillis geminatis, unoversujlori-

dis. — Browne, p. 259. Galleopsis, 2.

Four stamened, spikes in globular heads, leaves lanceolate, crenate, wrinkled,

rugged, stem shrubby.

Stem-,

Yibl'p.nuu HGRTUS JAMA-ICEN S*S. 2*1

Stem sufFrutescent or herbaceous, generally five or six feet high, but varying in
height; font-cornered, even, brachiate, scarcely fragrant ; leaves petioled, cordate,
veined, naked, serrate ; spikes simple or manifold, terminating, directed one way, in-
terrupted, scarcely leafy ; composed ofpeduncled fastigiate whorls, supported by -se-
veral bristle-shaped bractes, the length of the flowers, which grow very thick together,
curiously disposed on the smallest slips of the branched tops ; they are whitish, and all
the parts'are very small ; the neck of the calyx and the filaments are commonly covered
with down. The corolla is scarcely larger than the calyx, the border is five-cleft, four
of the clefts equal, sharp, spreading, the fifth or lip purplish and roundish ; stamens
the length of the corolla and distant, style purplish, stigmas simple; seeds roundish,
black, glossy. Spikes very odorous, like those of white Horehound. It is called U ltd
Spikenard, and common in all the low lands and dry savannas about Kingston and Spa-
nish-Town.— Swartz and Browne. This is the nepeta pectinata of Swartz and has also
been made a species of Byslropogon,

No English Name. VIBURNUM.

'b

Cl.*5, or. 3. — Penianctria irigynia, Nat. or. — Dumosa.

Ges. char. — Calyx a live-parted superior perianth ; corolla one-pelaled, five- cleft',,
bell-shaped; stamens awi-shaped filaments with roundish anther* ; the pistil has
an inferior roundish germ, no style but a turbinate gland, and three stigmas i the
pericarp is a roundish one-celled, one-seeded berry ; seed bony and roundish.
Swartz discovered one species in Jamaica.

VIl.LOSUM. HOARY-VILLOSE.

Leaves quite entire, ovate, hoary-villose beneath.

This shrub is a fathom, in height with an ash-coloured bark. Branches round, hoa-
ry ; leaves petioled, opposite, acute, smoothish above, but hoary-villose beneath*
Petioles of a middling length, four-sided, channelled, hoary; the hoariness consisting
of stellate villose hairs heaped together. Cymes terminating, compound,, six-rayed,
sub-divided by threes. Common peduncles length of the leaves, solitary, erect, hoary ;
rays or partial peduncles an inch long, angular, three-cornered ; pedicels one-llowered
on the third sub-division. Calyx feiruginous-villose ; corolla whitish, with roundish
spreading segments ; filament longer than the corolla ; germ villose ; berry ite, ob-
lique, crowned by the calyx at the side ; seed oblique — are there not two abortive ? Na-
tive of Jamaica on the tuountains in the southern part, flowering in autumn. — Swartz.

Vine— -.See Grape-Vine.

VINE-SORRELi

ȣ9 TORTUS JAMAICENSIS. viegin's

^IKE-SORREL. CISSUS.

Cl. 4, or 1. — Tetrandria inonogynia. Nat. or. — llederacca.
.CfiN. char. — See Bastard Bryony, v. 1, p. 55.

ACtDA. ACID.

Bryonia albaAriphylla, geniculata, /oliis crassis, aa'dis. — S'oane. v.
J, p. ^33, t. 1 -_', ft 5 6 — Triphyila, scandenset clav:cu'h;t-a.fclHs
■crassis sci i alls. — Browne, p. i-47. Irsioia.

Leaves ternate ob-ovate, smooth, fleshy, gashed.

Stem scandcnt, flexuose, round, tinged with, purple, succulent, jointed ; brancbo*.
short; leaves petioted alternate ; leaflets sessile, euneate-tJbovate, g -.! ied at the e '..
thick, nerveless, deep green. Tendrils at the joints of the stem, long, filiform, stn. L,
others terminating, very long. Umbels five-cleft ; umbellets fiv< -flowered ; the flow-
ers pedicelled, and under tne pedicels little bractes ; calyx surrounding the germ,
pitcher-shaped, obtusel}' four-toothed"; corollafour-parted,'Chi He? and eci-

tluous; germ truncate ; berry black, surrounded by thje calyx '•' . of Jam i in
woods near the coast. The wh lie plant is acid.— ~Swartz. Every joint of the stem
snakes an obtuse angle with that next to it It grows near river side.s, and flowers in
May, climbing on trees or ai tl ing i .. it — Shane.

Tins with its clavicles laj 3 hold of any thi g that it is near, climbing over palisadoes,
so thick thtit it cannot be seen through, ami upon walls, covering them so that the wall
canno* be seen, and keeps green all tne yen- round for many years without decaying.
The let f is thick and juicy, a^ orpnant, or house-leek, but much lacerated and divided,
so that one leaf looks like three or four, a in.e sfesrated on the sides, ... I hath a very
sour or sharp taste, like sorrel, which some make u-e of for sauce a- common sorrel, bur
jt is slimy, and leaves a little heat upon the palate. It bears a round- berry, like .c
brionies, first green, and tlien very black ; when ripe, it luth sometimes a go. at mail I
bunch amongst it like <lod ler, as thick and as big as a man's hea 1 ; and when it seems
to be withered or dried, which this dodder substaf ce is, at one lime of the year, if you
Landle or squeeze it, there will come out alight black substance like lam p-black, which
will stick so (lose to the skin as not easily to be washed off. 1 believe this might be of
jg^e for staining, colouring, or dying, if rightly understood. — Barkam, p. 17,5.

VioLETi — See Psychotr;a.

VIRGIN'S -BOWER. CLEMATIS.

Ci„ 13, or 7. — Po'tjandria polygynia. Nat. or. — MultisUiqutp.

Gi n. char.— Calyx, n me ; corolla lour oblong lax-petals ; stamens very m.-,nv su-
bulate filaments, shorter than the corolla : anthers growing to the side of the fila-
ments ; the pistil has very many germs, roundish, compressed, ending in subulate
styles, loneer than the stamens; stigmas simple; no pericarp ; receptacle headed
small ; seeds very tis<.ny, roundish, compressed, furnished with the st\ie, in vari-
ous forms. One species is a native of Jamaica.

DI05CA

pfciOLA HORfUS JAMAf-CENSI*.

J63-

DIOICA. TWO- HOUSE.

Clcmalitis prima sire sijhestris lat (folia. — Sloane, v. t, p. 197, t. 123"^_
f*. l — Scandensj./oliis quinquenerviis ov.ttis nitidis pinnato-tematis.
Browne, p. 255.

Eeaves pinnate, leaflets cordate, climbing.

This has slender, tough, climbing stalks, by which it rises to a considerable height ;
leaves trifoliate, cdrnhig out at each side of the stalk ; the leaflets are large, ovate, and
entire, having three or five longitudinal nerves. The peduncles are produced at the
same joints, close to the petioles, one on each side ; these are long, naked, and grow
horizontally, extending beyond the leaves before they divide and branch ; then there
come out three or four pairs of small foot-stalks from the large one, each of which di-
vides again into three smaller, each supporting a single flower •, the lower pair of these
is extended four or five inches, the others gradually diminish to the top, so that they
form a pyramidal thyrse of flowers ; these are white, and are composed of four narrow
t>etals, which are reflected^ but the stamens all stand erect. Loureiro says there are-
eighty seeds disposed in a head ; they are obtusely three-cornered and compressQclr
with a very long tail, fringed with many white hairs. This plant grows in many parts
ef Jamaica, and commonly called Pudding Willie, or Travellers Joy. The stalks are
generally used for withes in tying rails, cStc. Sloane says the root heated in water and
mixed with wine, diluted with sea-water, purges hydropic people; and that the juice
aud flowers beaten and rubbed on the skin takes out spots.

No English Name. UNIOLA.

Ct. 3, or. 2. — Diandria digynid. Mat. or. — Gramina?*

Tins derives its name from the union of the glumes.

<5f,N. char.- — Calyx a many flowered, many- valved,. glume ; corolla two-valved ; sta-
mens three-capillary filaments, with oblong anthers ; the pistil has a conical germ,
. two simple styles, and pubescent stigmas; no pericarp, the corolla incloses the seed,
which is one, ovate-oblong.

SPICATA. SPIKED.

Pdm'cula spicillis longioribus et tenuwrilms distiche Jtoriferis referla.-—
Browne, p. 136.

Sub-spiked, leaves rolled in, rigid.

Culm a span high with alternate-rigid leaves, it>iled in and mucronate. Panicle very
small, and squeezed so close that there is scarcely any sign of pedicels, all directed
one wa\ ; calyx and glumes keeled, with four florets. — I^inneus. This plant is com-
mon in the low-lands about the Angels, rising generally twelve or fourteen inches high ;
it is remarkable for the length ana slenderness of its delicate flower spikes ; the leaves
of the cup are very small, and stand in an alternate and distinct order upon the con -
nion supporters. — Browne. Browne also mentions another species, which he calls iuc
larger long penciled Uniola, sometimes met within the hills above Bull-Bay, rising
♦kccei'ectj^a.nd furnished with many flower-spjkeg for awd than half its length, these

36* H OUT US J AM A1C EN SIS-. roiatAiiEMA

are pretty thick, rise one above the other, and seldom exceed an inch and a -half -ie
length, having all the flowers on the outside of them.

No. English Name. VOLKAMERIA

Cl. 14, or. 2. — Didynamia angiospermia. Nat. or. — Per sonata.
This was so named in memory of John George Volkamer, physician at Nuremberg.

Gf.N. char. — Calyx a one-leafed fire-cleft perianth; corolla monopetalous, ringent,
five-parted, segments to one side ; stamens four filiform filaments, with simple
anthers; the pistil has a four-cornered germ, a filiform style, and bifid stigma;
the pericarp, a roundish two celled, four-grooved drupe (ben v) ; seed a solitary
nut, two-celled two grooved. One species is a native of Jan. tic-a.

ACULEATA. PRICKLY.

Paliuro offinis, ligustrifolia api'nosa, Jlore monopetalo drffoimi, frueti
sicco subrotioido. — Sloane, v. 2, p. 25, t. 166, f. 2, 3. Fruticosum,
spinosum ; foliis infer ioribus confertis, superioribus oppositis ,■ pe-
dunculis trtpartilis, trifloris, aluribus. — Browne, p. 2G2, t. 30, f. 2,
Clerodendrum.

Leaves oblong, acute, quite entire; spines from the rudiments of the petioles. ■

This shrub rises from six to twelve feet, freqiu ntly throwing up several stems, which,
from their pliability bend downwards ; it is common in Jamaica, growing in gravelly
soils. The bark is whitish grey. Towards the eads of the branches are many short
crooked prickles, opposite, at half an inch distance ; the leaves are a!sd opposite, two
inches and a half long, and half an inch broad in the middle, on half inch-long petioles.
The flowers come out from the sides of the stalk towards the ends of the tsvigs on inch-
long peduncles, several together, umbel fashion, not unlike the flower of the Jasmine,
white, with a curved tube, and purple stamens. The flower drops iff the style-, and is
succeeded by a berry, which Gasrtner describes as roundish, juice] , swelling into
four little bumps at top, four-grooved, shining, consisting of two parts, and opening
twowa)S. Stones (or nuts) two, cartilaginous, ob-cordate, convex oi on rked

with a groove along the middle, flat on ihe other, smoothish, two-c led ; one seed in
each, ovate-oblong, convex on one side, somewhat angular on the other, fasK a 2d to the
base of the ceils.

Bladder- Wort. UTRICULARIA.

Cl. 2, or. 1. — Diandria monogynia. Nat. Or. — Corydales.

So named from the Litin word for a little bottle, on account of the small appendages
to the root.

Gen. char. — Calyx a two-leaved perianth ; corolla one-petaled, ringent; nectary
horned ; stamens two very short curved in filaments, with small cohering anthei
the pistil has a globular germ, a filiform si vie, and conical stigma; the | ericarp u
globular capsule, one-celled ; seeds numerous. One species is a native of Jamaica.

ou i USA

wake-robins HORTUS JAMAICENSI3 365

OBTOSA. BLUNT.

Foliis capillaceis ramosis, scapo assurgenti nudo superne ramoso.—
Browne, p. 119.
Nectary bent in, obtuse, sub-emarginate.

Roots capillary, branched, whitish ; leaves floating, furnished with small ovate blad-
ders ; scape from two to three inches long, filiform, erect, simple, sometimes divided
at top, naked, smooth ; flowers terminating, alternate, three or four, small, yellow, on-
long one-flowered peduncles. Tube of the corolla very short, cylindrical ; upper lip
ovate, convex, entire ; lower a little smaller, ovate, the orifice closed ; nectary scarce-
longer than the lip, conical ; palate orange streaked with purple : filaments inserted in
the aperture of the tube, sabre-shaped ; anthers roundish, growing to the inner side of
the filaments, one-cellt"! ; ■ • n roundish ; style very short and thick ; stigma funnel-
form, oblique, one-! i iped ; capsule roundish ; seeds compressed, membranaceous at
the side. Native of Jamaica in marshy rivulets, flowering tin- whole summer. — Swartz.
Browne says this elegant little plant is very common in ail .1 waters about

the Ferry, ami in the parish of St. George, seldom rising above four inches, and bear-
ing a beautiful succession of small yellowish flowers.

WAKE- ROBINS ARUM.

Cl. 20, or. !). — Gynandria polyandii.t. Nat. or. — Piperita.
Gen. char. ^-&?e Cocoas, v. \,p. 211. Besides those species described under their
respective names, the following are natives of Jamaica.

1. BlACr.OUIHZON. I.ONG-ROOTI P.

slcaule ma jus sylvestre, rad'ee bb'longa fib rata, foliis amplioribus cor-
datis. — Browne, p. 3:33, A. 9.

Leaves peltate cordate, repaid, two- parted at the base.

The spathe of this species is patent, reflected, the spadix is much longer and entirely
covered witli flowers, divi led into squares, each square containing one flower; each Himi r
consisting of four stamens, which aretrigonal, and surrounding one quadrigonal germ.
Browne calls it the large wild wake- robin, very com no i among the rocks, in naiv parts
of Jamaica; the leaves large, and rising immediately from a thick lengthened root.

2. HF.DF.RACFUU. IVY-LFAVED.

Scandcns foliis cordatis, petiolis rotundis. — Browne p. 333, A. 1 1.
Radicant; leaves cordate, oblong, acuminate ; petioles round.

3. i.lNC;i'L.ATTM. TONGUK-LRAVF.D.

Phyllitidi scan-eiiti, ajjinis minor graminjifolia folio chlongo aannir.a-
to, foliorum pediculis dlis ettantibus auct'S — Sioane, v. 1. p 7.5, t.
27, f. .2 — Ttnuc scandens, Joins oblong is, petwlis alaiis amplexan-
tints. — Browne, p. 333, A. 12

Creeping; leaves cordate-lanceolate, petioles edged w"'th membranes.
This has a climbing stem, with alternate leaves and clavicles ; the leaves are an inch
and a half lo.ng and half an inch broad on half inch long pedicels, winged, embracing
Vol. II. L 1 'he

o65 KORTUS JAMAICENSIS. wailfnia

the stem. Browne calls it the climbing \ynke-robiti with oblong leaves and edged
footstaiks, only to be met with in the most lonely inland woods ; it climbs with great
case, and grows more succulent and luxuriant towards the top.

4. FUNtCULACFUM. CORDFD.

Arvm maximum altissims scandens arbore.i, fch'is tnjmpheee, lacini-
atis. — Sloane, v. \ p. 169. Scandens, foliis majoribus eremto-lace-
ris, petio/is simplicibus — Browne, p. 331, A, 3.
Climbing, leaves cordate sagittate, sinuate ; petioles long, round ; stem jointed.

This plant climbs to the top of high trees and sends forth long cords or filaments
which hang down to the earth. Browne calls it the large climbing wake-robin with
torn leaves.

See Cocoes— Dumb-Cake — Five-Finger — Indian-Kale

No English Name. WALLENIA.

Cl. 4, or. 1. — Tetrandrla monogynia. Nat. or.
This was so named by Swartz, in honour of Mathew W;dlen, Esq. of Jamaica, who
vvas a great lover of botany, and cultivated at his garden in Liguanea mountains, manv
exotic and indigenous plants. He assisted both dr. Browne and professor Swartz in
their several works.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one leafed four-cleft pericarp, permanent; segments erect,
obtuse ; corolla one-petaleu, tubular; tube cylindrical, erect, longer than the ca-
lyx ; border four-cleft, segments ovate, obtuse, erect, converging, small : stamens
four filaments, from the bottom of the corolla, wider at the base, erect, longer by
half than the corolla, (above the border) diverging ; anthers ovate, erect : the pis-
til has an oblong superior germ ; an awl-shaped stylo, shorter than the stamens
and corolla, permanent ; stigma simple, obtuse ; the pericarp a roundish one-celled
berry : seed one, roundish, covered with a brittle crust.

laurifolia. laurel-leaved.

Bryonia nigra fruticosa, foliis laurinis, jloribus, racemosis, speci-
osis. — Sloane, v. 1, p. 234, t. 145, f. 2.

This is a tree with a trunk from ten to twenty feet high, covered with an even un-
armed bark ; branches long ; branchlets round, waited by the fallen leaves. Leaves pe-
taled, oblong, acuminate, with ablaut point, entiie, slightly nerved, somewhat striated,
smooth, and shining ; paler underneath, membranaceous, and thickish ; petioles short,
round, smooth ; no stipules. Panicle terminating, spreading ; branches alternate, sub-
fastigiate, sub-divided ; branchlets alternate, sub-terminating; flowers pedicelled, yel-
low, inodorous ; calyx embracing the corolla, permanent, pale-coloured ; berry rcarlet.
The calyx, corolla, genitals, and fruit, have dots or glandular orange-coloured atom*
scattered over them. The fruit, when ripe, is sub-acid and aromatic, like the other
parts of the fructification ; the seed has the flavour of piperit.e. It flowers in spring and
autumn. There are sometimes male flowers, which are barren, having no pistil. —
Swartz. The Euphorbia pumicca is generally known in Jamaica by the name Walle-
nia. — See Spurges.

Wall-Flower — See Bastard-Mustard.

WALNUT,

waltheiwa HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. J6?

WALNUT, JAMAICA. JUGLANS.

Cl. 21, or. 7. — Moncecia Polyandria. Nat. or. — Amentacex.
Gen. char. — Male calyx a cylindrical anient, imbricate, scattered all round, with one-
flowered scales turned outwards ; no corolla, but a six-parted perianth ; filaments
eighteen to twenty-four, short, with oval anthers : Female calyx four-cleft supe-
rior ; corolla one petaled, four-cleft; the pistil has an oval germ, two styles, and
two large stigmas : pericarp a dry drupe with a grooved nucleus : seed a large nut,
variously grooved. One species of this genus is a native of Jamaica.

BACCATA. BERRIED.

Nux juglans trifolia, fructu magnitudine nucis moschata. — Sloane,
v. 2, p 1, t. 157, f. l. Foliis iblongis obtusis pinnuto-iernalis,
J nut. bus singularibus baccatis ad alas. — Browne, p. 346.
Leaflets in threes.

Height twenty feet, stem as thick as the human thigh, with a comely top and a prey
hark, having some furrows on it. Leaves terminating, always three together, three
inches long, and one inch broad, thin, smooth, brownish green ; common petiole red-
dish, two inches long ; petiolnlesa quarter of an inch in length. Aments axillary,
two together, an inch long. The fruit hangs from the branches on peduncles, an inch
in length ; it is yellowish, oval, as big as a nut-meg, having under a thin mucilaginous
pulp a large shell. It grew in the town savanna between Spanish-Town and Two
Mile Wood, and on the banks of the Rio-Cobre — Sloane. The Jamaica Walnut is fre-
quent about the Ferry ; it is a shrubby tree rising to a considerable height. The out-
ward part of the fruit is soft and pulpy, when ripe; but the hard ligneous shell, and
the partitions and lobes of the seetls, as weH as the parts of the flower, agree perfectly
with the general characters of the genus.

The regia, or common Walnut tree, has been long ago introduced, but does not
thrive well in Jamaica. Tiie alba, or hiccory-nut, and nigra, or black walnut, have al-
so been introduced.

No English Name. WALTHERIA.

Cl 16, or 2. — Monodclphia pentandria. Nat. os. — Calumnifera.
So named in honour of A, F. Walther, professor of medicine at Leipsic.

Gen. C\l\K. — Calyx a double perianth, ouu-r lateral, three-leaved, deciduous; corol-
la five-petaled, pet ils obcordafce, sprea ling, fastened at bottom to the tube of the
filaments; stamens five filaments, united into a tube, free above, spreading^ short ;
anthers ovate ; the pistil has an ovale germ, a filiform style, and penciled stigma ;
the pericarp is an ob-ovate capsule, one-celled, two-valved ; seed one, obtuse,
wider above. Three species are natives of Jamaica.

1. AMERICANA. AMERICAN.

Fruticosa subhirsuta, foliis obhngo-ovatis serratis, fhribus capitatis.
pedunculis commit nib in, longtusculis, singulis folio singula! i orna-
tis. — Browne, p. 2~6, W. 2.

Leaves oval plaited, bluntly toothed, tomentose, head sessile.

L 1 2 Stem

26* HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. walthepja*

Stem soft, woodv, about two feet high, sending out two or ihree side branches;
leaves alternate, of a pale yellowish-green colour, soft and hairy ; flowers collected in a
close thick spike at the top of" the stem, having soft hairy calyxes, petals connected at
tfeeir base, small, bright yellow, spreading.

Frnticesa purpurea foliis oblongo ovatis actiiis crenat is fioribus singularibus, mi-
reorjbus pedunculis fenu'oribw longiusculis This plant grew very common in the pas-
tures at LongvillePark : the stem was slender, purple-black in colour ; the leaves were
of the form of these of the four o'clock, flowers crenated about their margin in like
manner, and placed on verv short footstalks. From the bosom of every leaf grew a pe-
dice! not thicker than a horsehair, an inch long, supporting our pemapetalous flower
of a deep purple; the petals were expanded, their extremities serrated, from the
centre ot which arosean erect tube, whose extremity was divided into five filaments
towards the top. The cap was simple, eyathiform, semi-pentafid, and the stigma di-
vided into five parts. The taste was insipid, but there was a remarkable roughness
impressed upon the tongue, which was not caused by any astringent or binding quality
in the leaf, but by certain very short, stiff, bristly hairs wherewith it was covered, dis-
cernible only by the microscope ; they yielded some slime in chewing. As most plants
of this tribe are covered with like bristles in their leaves and flowers, it may induce
rome ina vertently to mistake that roughness above-mentioned for astringency, but I
know of none of the tribe endowed with any such property. — A. R._

2. ANGUSTirOLIA. NARROW-LEAFED*

Foliis angustis ovato-acuminatis rugosis tcrratis, fioribus confcrtis ad
alas. — Browne, p. 276, W, 1.

Leaves oblong-obtuse, plaited, toothed, hoary, heads subsessile.

Stalks woody, six or seven feet high, dividing into several branches, somewhat hairy ;
leaves about three and a hall' inches I one and a half broad, of a yellowish green

colour, having many veins running from the midrib, and standing on Jong footstalks.
Flowers very small, yellow, collected into round clusters, standing upon very short pe-
duncles, close to the axils.

3. IND1CA. INDIAN.

Foliis subrotundis undulatis serratis fioribus coiifertis alaribus. — ■
Browne, p. 276, W. 3.

Leaves oval, plaited, blunt!}' toothed, tomentose, head sessile.
This rises with a shrubby branching stalk to the height of eight or ten feet, and is
covered with soft hairs ; leaves alternate, petioled, four inches long, and two inches
broad in the middle, rounded at both en Is, of a yellowish green colour, very hairy and
soft, having several longitudinal veins ; heads axillary sessile, composed of clusters of
very small yellow flower*, which first peep out of their soft yellow calyxes Browne
says all these species are found in the lower hills of Jamaica, where they seldo j. rise
above four or five feet.

WART-HfiRB — See Cat-Claws.

WATER-

WATER- HORTUS JAMA I C EN SIS. 269

WATER-CRESS. SISYMBRIUM.

Cl. 15, or. 2. — Tetradynamia siliquosce. Nat. or. — SiligiiostP.

Gen. char. — Calyx a four-leaved perianth spi ling; corolla four-petaled cruci-
form, spreading -, stamens six-filaments, longer than the calyx, two shorter ; an-
thers simple ; the pistil has an ob.ong germ, scarcely any style, and an obtuse stig-
ma ; the pericarp a long silique, incurved, gibbous, r itind, opening with straightr
ish valves ; seeds very many, small.

NASTUIH CHESS.

Nasturtium aquaticum vulgai &■. — Sloanr, v. T, p. 193. Aquaticu
his subrotundis, abrupte pinnaiis, basi iriequalibus. — Browne, p.
272.

Siiiques declined, leaves pinnate, leaflets cordate roundish.
Roots perennial, consisting of long white fibres, the lowermost fixed in the soil, the
Best suspended in- water ; stems spreading, declining or floating, angular, branched,
leafy. Leaves alternate, pinnate, someunar serrate, the terminating and upper leaflets
being the largest ; all the leaflets roundish,, more or less heart-shaped, smooth, shining,
.lor toothed, frequently tinged with a purplish brown hue. Flowers white in a
corymb, soon lengthened out into a spike ; pods shortish on horizontal pedicels, but
the gods of themselves.recujvfid upwards ; stigmas nearly sessile. This plant, in all
respects the same as the European, is common in all running waters in Jamaica, where
it is frequently served up at tables, and is reputed an excellent antiscorbutic. It is sup -
posed to purify the blood, ana to open visceral obstructions.

WATER-HYSSOP, • GRATIOLA.

Cl. 2, on. l, -Diandria manogyniai. Nat. or.— Personals.
Gen. char. — Caly? seven leaved, the two outer leaves patulous ; corrolla mouopeta-
lous, reversed; stamens four awl-shaped filaments, two barren ; anthers round-
ish ; the pistil has a conic germ ; a straight awl- shaped style, and a two-lipped
stigma; the pericarp an ovate-acuminate capsule, two-celled, two-valved ; seeds
very many, small. Two species have been found in Jamaica.

1. MPNNIERIA.

Anagallis carulea, portiilaae aquatic* caule et foliis. — Sloane, v. 1,.
p. 203, t. 129, f. 1. Minima repens,Joliis subrotundis, fioribus sin~-
gularibus alaribus. — Browne, p. 26y, t. 28, f. 3.

Leaves oval, oblong, peduncles one-flowered, stalk creeping.
Root jointed, creeping, with small fibres ; stalk herbaceous, inclined to be simple,
round, leafy, smooth, somewhat erect, declining at bottom. Leaves sub- sessile op-
posite, oblong, or ob-ovate, entire, smooth, nerveless, somewhat succulent. Pedun-
cles longer than the leaves, filiform, solitary, axillary, one-flowered; calvx seven-
leaved, the three outer leaflets sub-cordate, acuminate, converging ; the two inner li-
near, acute, pale, when the corolla falls embracing the germ, the two outmost lower,
lanceolate spreading. Corolla blue, inclined to bell-shape, a little flatted, five- cleft,

the

270 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. water-

the divisions nearly equal ; the three upper ovate, spreading ; the two lower converg-
ing, somewhat bent down ; filaments two, shorter by half than the other two ; anthers
ovate, blue — Swartz. This little creeping plant is very common in every oozy spot
about the harbour of Kingston, it sticks very close to the earth, and casts a few fibrous
slender roots from every joint as it creeps. The whole seldom exceeds seven or eight
inches in length, growing generally in beds, and spread thick on the ground, throwing
out a Cew simple side branches from space to space, which give it a beautiful appearance,
when in flower, and makes it exceedingly remarkable. It has a bitterish taste, and thrives
best in a low nioi&t soil. — Browne. It was named monierria in honour of dr. Moiiicr.

2. KEPENS. CREEPING

Leaves ovate, stem creeping, calyx five-leaved, style bifid. — Swartz,

WATER-LEMON. PASSIFLORA.

Cl. 20, or. 4 — Gjjnandria pentandria. Nat. ok. — Cucurbitacta.
Gen. char. — See BulThoof, v. l, p. 123.

MALIFORMIS. APPLF-FO M.

Foliis cordatis productis, petiolis bighndulis, fructu sp/i&ri'co, peri-
carpio duro. — Browne, p 3-'8, P. 4.

Leaves cordate-oblong, quite entire, petioles biglandular, involucres quite entire.

Stem thick, triangular, by" slender tendrils thrown out at every joint rising to the
height of fifteen or<wenty feet. At each joint is one leaf, sis inches lorfg *nd four
broad in the middle, of a lively green, and thin texture, having a stivng midrib, whence
arise several small nerves, diverging to the si.les, and curving up towards the top. Pe-
tioles pretty long, having two small glands in the middle. Two large stipules encom-
pass the petioles, peduncles, and tendrils, at the base; peduncles prettj loi g, having
also two small glands in the middle. The cover of the flower is composed of three
soft velvety leaves, of a pale red, with some stripes of a lively red colour; the petals
are white and the rays are blue. The flowers being large make a fine appearance, but
are of short duration, there is however a succession of them for sometime. Fruit
roundish, the size of a large apple, yellow when ripe, having a thicker riii , than any of
the other species, inclosinga sweetish pulp, in which are lodged many obiong brownish-
black seeds, a little rough to the touch — MaHyifs Dictionary. Browne says it grows
frequent in the woods of Jamaica and supplies the wild hogs with a great part of their
food.

See Bull-Hoof — Granadilla — Love in a Mist — Passion-Flowers.

WATER-LILLY. NYMPHiEAj

Cl. IS, or. 1. — PAyandria monogijnia. Nat. or. — Succulent*?.

The generic name was given from its growing in water, which the potts feign to be
the residence of nymphs.

Gek.

water- HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 271

Gen. chah. — Calyx an inferior perianth, four, five, or six, leaved, large, coloured
above, permanent ; corolla numerous petals, placed on the side of the germ, in
more than one row ; stamens numerous filaments, flat, curved, blunt, short; an-
thers oblong, fastened to the margin of the filaments ; the pistil has a germ large,
ovate, no style ; stigma orbiculate, flat, peltate sessile, rayed, crenate at the edge,
permanent ; the pericarp a hard, ovate, flesh}-, rude, berry, narrowed at the neck,
crowned at the top, many-celled, full of pulp. Three species are natives of Ja-
maica.

1. LOTUS.
Nymphtea Indica ftore candido folio in ambitu scrrato. — Sloane, v. i,
p. 252. Fpliis amplioribus prqj'itnde crenatis, sublus areolatis — •
Browne, p. 243, N. 1.
Leaves cordate toorhed.

Root tuberous ; leaves alternate, on long petioles half sheathing below, floating ; pe-
duncles long, naked like scapes, one flowered ; flowers large, emerging. This plant
is very common in the ponds, lagoons, and rivers, about the Ferry, and is the same as
the East India plant, of the seeds of which Herodotus relates that the Egyptians made
bread ; by grinding and drying them in the sun. The flowers arc large and beautiful,
sustained each by a simple long cylindric footstalk. All parts of the plant may be
used for the same purposes for which the common water lilly is recommended ; for they
areexcellent coolers ; and useful in inflammations, burnings, orulcers, as outward appli-
cations ; internally, in diarrhoeas; gonorrhoeas, and dysenteries. The plants of this ge-
nus put on very different appearances,, the following characters are taken from a plant
of this species :

Perianth four ovate leaves , corolla twenty -four petals of a lanceolate form, placed
upon the sides of the germs in six rows or series, one above another, by fours at equi-
distant spaces, in a vetticillate order, gradually decreasing inside upwards, the upper
rows placed cross- wise or opposite to the inter-spaces of that immediately beneath it.
The germ large and sub-globose ; no style ; stigmata twenty- five, sessile, linear, and
forming a radiate slijeld, crenated on its edge or margin; from each crena arises a_
short compressed uncurvated filament with a clavated summit, the stamens were eighty-
two, of aflatted linear form, and unequal ; the exterior ones being the largest, equalling
the length of the uppermost row of petals ; they were placed in a furrow formed be-
tween the uppermost row of petals and the margins of the stigmas. The fruit was a
lar^e globose capsule, univalvular, divided into as many cells as it had stigmas, replete
with small ovate red seeds.

2. ALBA. WHITE.

Nymph<ea alba major. — Sloane, v. 1, p. 252.
Leaves cordate, quite entire, lobes imbricate, rounded ; calyx four-leaved.
This species grows very commonly in Jamaica in ditches and ponds ; the corolla has
six or eight petals ; the stamens are linear ; one which had thirteen stigmas had fifty
stamens ; and one that had seventeen stigmas had seventy-three stamens ; placed in
rows upon the germ, surrounding the stigmas ; the exterior ones, which are also the
longest, arise farther from the stigmas, the other rows decrease in length as they ascend,
so that the uppermost row, with respect to its origin, is by much the shortest ; the an-
thers are sagittated and line as it were the inside of the upper and narrowest part of

the

272 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. umter-

the stamens more than half way clown. The stamens of these plants arising from the
upper part of the germ seem to make them approach to the class -gynandna, and the
order polyandria, from the number of their stigmas : the following species especially :

3. NELUMBO.
Fcliis orbiculatii, peltatis, subtus radiatis ; fructu obverse ccnico, sc-
minibus majoribus nidulantibus. — Browne, p. 343, N. 2.

Leaves peltate, entire all round.

Root horizontal, long, creeping, consisting of joints linked together, orate-oblong,
white, fleshy, esculent, tubular within ; leaves exaccty peltate, with a cavity in the cen-
tre above, and dichotomous veins springing from the same centre, orbiciilate with a point
on each side, a little waved, thin, paler underneath, smooth, of different sizes, from
four to twelve inches long (or more). Petioles -erect, very straight, round, hispiJ, or
I. thickt r below, attenuated above. Peduncles the .thickness of a fiagi r below,
attenuated above, spongy, muricated, one flowered. Flower as large as the palm of the
hand (frequently much larger) purple : Calyx -four-leaved, leaflets concave, spreading,
deciduous, corolla.fifteen petals, or more, ovate sub-acute, concave, many nerved on the
outside, spreading : Stajnens sixty or more, - than the corolla ; anthers linear,

white, very long, plaeed on the receptacle ; germ erior ; styles as many as

there are seeds, thick and very short ; the'stigm :ker. Pericarp turbinate, trun-

cate, grooved corticose, opening at lop, cells one seeded, as far as thirty ; S i 1- ovate,
half an inch long, white . with a thin s n > >th, black, rind. — Thunberg

and I ourciro, What is con I the pericarp Gsertner calls the common re-

ceptacle. In germination it puts forth one leaf only from the nut and does
duce a second till the first is entirely unl 1; ve water

This plan ; i be improperly made a species of nymphaea, an I perhaps o

to make a genus itself ; lor the cup of nympl a' i is perm inent, that of tiel
ous ; Lhe stamens of the former jjroceed from ihe si les of the ge'rtif, those or the tatter
from the receptacle ; an I e\ . of the nelumbo has an <. longated >t\ le, whil

germ of the nymphasa has a stellated stigma, and isgynandrous, whereas the nelumbo is
1 polvandrous.

This plan! i> a native of both tiie F.asl and West-In lies. In the East it has i

in such venerali Indians, that they

paint theii Gods as sitting upon it, and adorn their altars and temples with it. Sir
William./' itions a n Nepal »: ms before' this plant, on

entering his study, where one of its bea for examinaii -

There are several sorts of ies, the roots, of which are sail to be an antidote

against the biting of the snake or hooded snake. Tiie le

s'alks, and flowers, of the other water liiies are good ; . ; >ns, hot pains,

burnings, or scaldings; the oil, anointed on the temp.es, causes rest, the seeds and
roots are us* ful ii( dysenteries, diarrhoeas, gonorrhoeas, and weakness in women. The
I _\ nans make tin i of it; (the lotus) the Turks make an infusion of the

flowers iii water, oxer nig!;i, to drink the next morning, to keep inem from tin- head-
ache. A syrup of the flowers or inst spitting of blood; and the

pu V .

* Of sntrar dissolved, from which the water is evaporated till it ca iliey put to it such a small

quantity of the depurated juice of this plant as not tu hinder it- conoii lion.

MTater- HORTUS JAMAICENSI9. 373

powder of the seed, piven in conserve of hips, does the same, and is good against in-
ward heats. Sloane says it makes people frigid, and extinguishes venery very much.
Barham, p. 206.

WATER-MELON. CUCURBITA.

Cl. 21, or. 1. — Monwcia syngenesia. Nat. or. — Cucurbitactct.
Gen. CHaR. — See Gourd, p. 332.

CITRUXLUS.
Angaria prima, eitrullus dicta. — Sloane, v. 1, p. 226.
Leaves many-parted.
Stem round, striated, long, branched, hairy, procumbent, diffused, with lateral bifid ten-
drils :* flowers yellow, on short, solitary, lateral, peduncles; fruitlarge, smooth, round
or oblong, a foot or more in length, pulp watery, sweet pale, or reddish ; seeds black
or rufous. The fruit varies much m form and colour, and is much cultivated in Jamai-
ca on account of its cooling and agreeable nature. The seeds, like those of the musk-
aielon, are used in cooling and nutritive emulsions.

See Gou-D — Pumkin — fcQiMSH.

WATER-PLANTAIN. PONTEDERIA.

Cl. 6, or. I. — Hetandria vwtingyn'a. Nat. or. — Ensatce.
So named in memory of Julius Pontedera, professor of botany at Padua.
Gen. char. — Calyx a spathe ; corolla one-peUiled, six-cleft, two lipped ; stamens

three inserted at the top, three into the tube ot the corolla ; anthers erect, oblong;

the pistil has an oblong germ, a simple style, and thickish stigma ; the pericarp a

fleshy capsule, three-celled ; seeds roundisn, very many. Two species are natives

of Jamaica.

1. AZUREA. bi ue.

Aquatica caulescens, foliis major '.bus orbiculatis nitidis, Jioribus spi~
talis ad alas — Brown, p. 1 5

Leaves roundish-elliptic, thickened at the base, and petioles, flowers in spikes.

This is a stemless aquatic plant. Root jointed, with long capillary whitish fibres at

the ioints. Leaves petioled, radical, half a foot long, roundish with the base dr; wn out

into a thickened petiole, and an acuminate tup, entire, ttie margin waved, striated,

reinless, nerveless, smooth: Petioles tui kened, suberous, longer than the leaves,

Vol ii. M in rouiu,

• In a paper lately read before the Royal Society, by rrr. S. A. Knight, it is stated that creeping plants,
and tendiils of \'meb, ii variably recede from the stronger light, ai»i attach themselves to objects in the
ahade ; or, if no other ohjeel present itself, 10 the dark >iiK ol their parent stems Heme the writer con-
cludes that the action ol light or. the tendrils contracts tiie vessels on the sides exposed i» it, anij occasions
not only the spiral convolutions, but also that tei.di icy 10 fi> 01. obscured or shaded objects. On * U i - _nu.
-rjiLe the curious instinct-like motions of young tendrils are all accounted for.

#7<* • H-ORTUS JAMAICENSIS. water.

round, smooth, sheathing at the base, producing the scape in the middle from a lateral
sheath. Scape short, terminating by a loose, spreading, many-flowered, spike. Flow-
ers alternate, approximating; under which one common ovate-cordate, blunt, open,
spathe. Corolla salver-shaped six-cieft, after flowering sexpartite, almost regular,
blue ; three of the segments exterior, dot-ted, somewhat rough-haired ; the middle one
superior, wider, ovate; fil merits six; anthers incumbent, hastate at the base ; germ
three-si led ; style long' r than t he stamens; stigma thickened. — Swartz. The round-
leaved water-plantain grows in most of the lagoons and rivers about the Ferry, the
leaves are roundish, thick and smooth ; the flowers moderately large; and the stalk
abotitan inch in diameter; it grows very luxuriantly, and throws up its flower-spike
good way beyond the surface of the water. — Browns.

2. I. iu OS 4. MUDDY.

Nymphaa affinis palustria, plantagims aquaffc/r folio, fa ve beta petal*
stellari cwruleo, — Sloane, v 1, p. 253. t. 149, f. l.
Leaves cordate-ovate, scapes lateral, one-flowered, flowers triandrous.

This is onl . a few inches in lit ight. Roots long, jointed, with whitish capillar}- ag-
gregate libres at the joints ; leaves radical, emarginate at the base, bui scarcely cordate,
entire, smooth, nerveless, an inch in. length. Petioles sheathing at the base, longer
than the leaves, fistular, round, smooth ; from which issues, in a cleft or lateral sheath,
a scape which is an inch long, round, naked, one-flowered. Spathe lanceolate, one-
valved, one-flowered; corolla blue; tube narrow, cylindrical, inclosed within the
spathe ; border equal, six-parted ; segments lanceolate ; the three upper ones all of the
same blue colour ; the three inner ones having a \ el low spot at the base near the throat :
filaments three, inserted into the throat *>f -the tube, short; anthers sagittate, erect,
blue, above the tube ; germ oblong, cylindrical ; style t re( t, die length oi the tube and
the stamens; stigmas si\-, n icar, vilfose ; capsule elongate I, round, acuminate, within
the spathe, three-celled, three-valved, three grooved ; seeds very many, small, round-
ish, brown. This species is very distinct by its one- flowered scape and sp the. Na-
tive of Jamaica and Hispaniola, on the muddy banks of rivers. — .buurlz. It grows also -,
in Savannas where the water has stood.

WATER-PLANTAIN, GREAT. ALISMA.

Cu 6, or 5. Hexandria polygyria. Nat. or — T>i[>etaloiilea:.

Gf.n. emit. — Ualvx a three- leaved perianth, leaflets ovate, concave, permanent; co-
rolla three-pi laled ; petals roundisn, large, flat, very spreading ; stamens awl-
shaped 6 laments shorter than, tne corolla, with roundish anthers ; the pistil lias
more than five germs, st\ les simple, stigmas obtuse; pericarp compressed capsule^ :
seeds solitary, small.

CO'DIFOI.'A HEART-I*AVED.

Foliis lunnulafo sagittatis venosis, fcapo assutgenti ramoso, angulate
su.cato , ramulis ternalis, verticiUuto-verticiUatis. — Browne, p. '2V4.
Leaves heart-shaped, obtuse, flowers twelve- stamened, capsule hook-pointed.
This plant grows vcr\ tomuion in all ihe stagnated waters. aU/ui the Ferry, and rises

generally

TViiN- HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 275

generally to the height of two or three feet above the root ; all the flowers are herma-
phro lite, and furnished each with twelve filaments, and a numerous family of gerais or
germens. The whole plant has so much the appearance of au arrow-head, that it
seems to have exchanged flowers with that plant. — Browne.

WATER- PURSLANE. PrPLlS.

Cl. 6, OR. 1. — Hexandria monogynia-. Nat. or. — Calycanlhema.

Gem. char. — Calyx bell-shaped, with a twelve-deft mouth ; corolla six-petals, in-
serted into the calyx ; stamens awl-shaped filaments with roundish anthers ; the
pistil has an oval germ, a very short style, and orbiculate stigma ; the pericarp a
two-celled capsule ; seeds very many. One species is a native of Jamaica.

TETRANDR1 \. FOUR-STAMENED.

Hirta, foliis parvis orbicularis, fiot ibus singuldrihm ad alas — Browne,
p. 145. Ammannia.

This plant is rare in Jamaica, Browne found it in the mountains between St. Thomas
in the Vale and St. Mary's, seldom rising above four inches. Swartz con •■ lets that the
corolla, fruit, number, an I habit, do not admit of its r nging i ith epVs. It seems ra-
ther to be a hedyotis fsce Eai-wort). He thus describes it " Tne roof consists of glo-
bular distinct tubers ; stem sub-divided, divaricated* round ; stipules small, sheathing,
acuminate. Leaves sub-sessile, the -upper ones in fours, ovate-cordate, subsoatulate,
entire, somewhat hispi I above, smooth beneath Flowers t< rminatin ', peduncled, the
size of a pin's head ; peduncles short, one- flowered : p rianth four or five :lt ft • uperior ;
segments bifid, so that it seems to be eight or ten-toothed, permanent-; corolla one-
petaled, ovate, scarcely longer than the calvx, four-parted; segments bhtfit, upright;
filaments four, awl-shaped, shorter than the corolla ; anthers ovate, small, concealed by
the divisions of the corolla; germ twin ; style cloven almost to the base ; stigmas awl-
shaped; capsule twin, globular, two-celled, surrounded and crowned by the calyx,
opening at top by four valves ; seeds two in each cell, orbicul; te, covered by the valves.
It is an annual plant, native of the West-Indies, in dry shady places at the foot of moun-
tains and trees. — i'w.irtz.

Water-Withe — See Jamaica Grape.

No English Name. WFINMANNIA.

Cl. 8, or. 2. — Octandria digynia. Nat. on. — Saxifragae.
So named in honour of J. W. Weinmann, apothecary at Katisbon.

Gen. char. — Calyx a four-leaved perianth, lea:lets ovate, patulous; corolla four
equal petals, bigger than the calyx ; stamens eight erect short filaments, with
roundish anthers ; the pistil has a roundish germ ; styles two; length of the sta-
mens, -with acute stigmas ; pericarp an ovate, two-celled, two-beaked, capsule ;
seeds about eight, roundish. Two species have been iound in Jamaica.

M Hi 2 1. GLABRA

27£ HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. WEST*

1. GLABRA. SMOOTH.

Leaves pinnate, leaflets ob-ovate, crenate, even.

This is a small tree with opposite branches, the last of which are stib-pubrsc»nt.
Leaves opposite, equally pinnhate ; the conmnn petiole winged with sub-ovate j «\i;s ';
leaflets eleven or thirteen, small, nak 'I, blunt, opposite, sessile, narrower on the inner
side towards the base, having three or four serratures on each si le. Stipules ovate, the
size of the leaves, deciduous, solitary uetween. the pairs of the petioles. Ricenes ter-
minating, solitary, pedun'cled, longer than the leaves, erect, simple; flowers numerous,
white; pedicels one-flowered, several from each point ot t ie pediKm le ; cal\x i- aves ob-
long, white; petals lanceolate, three times as Ion.: as the calyx ; germ ovate, two-
grooved ; styles white, fiiifor n ; stigmas headed. — Linneus. S v irtz found it in Jamai-
ca, and remarks that it varies from the stature of a shrub to tliat of a tree lorry feet iu
height.

2. Tlir.TA. HAIRY.

Fmticosa fol'is subrotundis serratis, per peungs cordiitc-alafa.<: disposi-
tis ; pacejnis teimitialibus ; pennis et ramos oppositis. — Jbrowut, p.
212.

Leaves pinnate, leaflets ovate, serrate-crenate, beneath and on the raccmos hir-
sute.

This differs from the preceding; in the pubescence of most of the parts ; in having
the joints of ths common petioles suh-rordate, nut ob-ovaie ; the capsules oblong and
short, not roundish, and longer beaked. — Swart z. I met with this elegant little shruh
on the top of the Blue Mountains near Coldspring, but in no other part of the island.
It rises bv a weakh slender stem, and shoots frequently to the height of six or seven feet.
The branches are lew. slender, and opposite, .as well as the ribs, which have always been
found beautifully alated or winged between the leaves, but the flowers rfese m loose
bundles at the extremities of Hie branches. — liroit'iie.

WFST-INDTVN LAUREL. PRUNUS.

Cl« 12, O't. 1. — Icotandria mnnogynia. Nat. OR. — Pomacea.

Gfn. char. — Cah x a one-leafed bell shaped perianth, five-cleft, deciduous; seg-
ments blunt, concave ; corolla five-petals, ronn lish, concave, large, spreading, in-
serted i to the calyx bv their claws; stamens twenty to thirty filaments, awl-shaped,
almost the leni'ih of the corolla, inserted into the calyx ; anthers twin, short ; the
pistil has a superior roundish I'prm, a filiform style the length of the stamens, and
a i orbicular stigma ; the pericarp a roun lish drupe ; seed a roundish compressed
nut, with sutures a little prominent. Two species are natives of Jamaica.

1. SPHEROSC\IPA. GLOBE-FRUITED.

Alyrti folio arbor, foliis latis subrotundis fiore albo racemose — Sloane,
v. 2, p. 79, t. 193, f. 1.

Flowers in axillary racemes, lci*\cs ever green without glands, entire, shining,
drupes roiuiuisiu

Wood

WmTfc- HOItTUS J AMATCENSIS, 377

W > > 1 very hara an I yhite, c trere I with a grey snaootS bark ; leaves alternate, two
t b-»s 1112;, and one uila half broad near the round buss; even, shining, with very
few up larent vein* on the surface, without an) in lentures in the edges, 011 a footstalk.
one-thirt of an inch in length. Flo vers white, iu r ce'mes opposite to a leaf.

2. oCCiDFN'TAI.H. WESTERN.

Flowers iii lateral racemes ; leaves perennial, without glands, obljng, acumi-
nate, entire, sm /oth on Ijotli aiaes.

Whis — See Fct.ze

White Cedar — See 'V-n^-V/nnp.

White-Mastic — See ua^tai d Lu^lv-T::ee.

WEST-INDIA TE \. CAPRARIA.

Cl. 14, cr. 2. — Didynamia angiospermia Nat. o.t — Personatte.
Gen. Char. See Goat- Weed, p. 3-7.

BIFLORA. TWO-FLOTWERFD.

The specific characters have already been -given under the mme Goat wee I, whTe
it was omitted to be noticed that this plant had receive I tii~ nam if Vest F 1 lia- I' 1 ;
as according to Long and Barham, the leaves; not only resemble those of Tea, but
make art equally agreeable decoction, which is also recommen led asan exe fllent fe >ri-
fuge. This plant is very common every where in the Savannas, and Kout the towns.
What Barham says of it mav- not be thought unentertaining. A Frenchman, >a.s he,
captain of a ship, affirmed to me, as we were walking about pin town ol St. J'ago ,le ia
Vega, and observing this plant growing so plentifully, tha' it was ir.e same as the tea-
plant of China ; that he had live 1 in that part of the world manv years, had sef'n large
fields of it, and the manner of culli\ iti i_; it, and all the dilference \as. that tn<j C i-
nese plant was larger, which he ascri ed to their care and culture of it ; and had no
doubt but the .Jamaica plant, if it was set in rich ground, and attended with equal care,
would improve in size. They are however very lirTerent plants. Barham mentions a
gentleman who n>'ver drank any other than the West-India Tea ; and tnat although ne
could not coil up the leaves so dext. rously as thev do in Cnina, yet he perfoniie 1 this
operation tolerably well ; and every person whom he regaled with it, extolled it as the
very best green tea they ever drank in the<r ives it is certainly unknown to what
perfection it might be brought, if reclaimed fro ru its wiid state, an. I cultivated in the
rich sjiI of gardens ; and it well deserves the experiments of the carious.

WHITE-THORN. TVnCROCNEMUM.

Cl. 5, or 1. — Pehtarutria movogyn'a. NaT. or. — Contort*.

Gen. char.— Calyx a one- leafed superior perianth, turbinate five-rtoothed, perma-
nent ; corolla one petaled, bell -shaped ; st; mens five awl-shaped filament uith ovate
anthers ■■, the pisih has an inftiior tonka, germ, a simple style, and thickish two-

lobed

278 H OUT US JAMAICENSIS. white -

lobed stigma ; the pericarp a two-celled capsule, two-valved, with the valves
gaping outwardly at the sides ; seeds imbricate. One species is a native of Jamaica.

JAMAICENSE. JAMAICA.

Arborescens fol is ovatisoppositis, ma mis sustentacula longis incidtn-
tibus. — Browne, p. 165.
Fins is a small tree, with a branching smooth trunk; branches long, loose, round,
waned; leaves approximating, towards the upper parts of the branches petioled, oppo-
site, large, oblong, with a short point, < nine, nerved, smooth on both sides. Petioles
short, thickish, round, smooth ; flowers in a son of panicle ; peduncles axillary, oppo-
site, longer than the leaves, round, compressed, smooth, three-parted above, with tri-
chotomous branchlets, the last one-flowered, corolla rather I. ,61 a yellowish
green, tube half an inch long, regular, narrower at the throat, bei ipetiing five-cor-
nered, then cylindric ; divisions of the border acute, almost upright ; filaments the
length of the tube, from the base above the middle very hairy, a little inclined ; anthers
vertical, oblong, tawny; germ ob-conical, smooth. — Sfttrlz. Brow io says this plant
was found abount Manchionea) rising ^jen< rally twelve or fourteen feet, Mr Anthony
Robinson says Ire found it plentifully on the road from Toby Abbott's to Clarendon
Cross, where it was known by the name of White-Thorn Some people, he says,
scrape the exterior hark from the root, and havin ed the iiil a from Uie

woody part, and bruised it, apply it k> iiie affected part in tooth-ache, which n i* said
effects a cure.

WHITE-WOOD OR CEDAR. EIC

Cl. 11, or. 2 — Didt/namia an Nat. or.. — Personat*.

Gen. Char.— See Irene!; Oak, p. 309.

LEUCOXYLON. WHITE.WOOD.

Nerio affinis arbor siltquosa folio pahnato sett digi ' ■ >. —

Sloane, v. 2, p. <;J. PenHiphylkt etrborca, jiere sub-rub«Uo. —
Browne, p. 263.

Leaves digitate j leaflets quite entire, w te-acum tate.
The trunk of this tree is of a mid.! ■ with upright stiff branches; leaves ter-

minating, having five and soi i or eight -. which are broad-lanceolate,

nerved, veined, and smooth Fl ting, large, rose-coloured ; ca-

!\ \ two-lipped] upp p i ■ in led, 1 iwer bifid, with ovate sharp teeth ; corolla irregu-
lar, tub Ion .i • ittle swelling at bottom ; border two-lipped, upj
bifid, I, waved, somewhat -villose ; anther;
I, b *. >i ... ■ very long pendulous, cylindric-li Swartz. This trei
i as lai is - ml, having a very great straight runk covered with -p.
in whitish bai'k, and a verv hard wh The petioles are three or four in-
ches long Ti , ■ s fall oft" tor si neweeks, and then the flowers com< out of the
ends ot tie twigs, several togei in6h-long peduncles; they are while, like those
of stramonium, II offverysqon. The pod is five or six inches long, brownish,
square, and marked with sev< ral eminent lines. It grows in the lowlan .;• bj river sides,

and

WO&- HOllTUS J A Id A I C E N SIS. 279

an 1 :> Pel •• ! and made i . ;ath ships, as the worms av >\ ! this wood. —

'. T !;i^ .,i.i. |, r-ts of Jamaica, growing best in a free soil and

low warm inland woods. It,

ze when n Tally lo - pan as a good

• i J, but when its growth is not luxuriant, it is only fit for cattle yokes, and
small conveniences as require a tough yielding wood. Tbejuiceandl
d -i- b 3ai I to be a'i antidote again t t ious juice of the

chioneel : the} titter, and rvetopr or blisters foi

•, and thereby protract v of that canst. . until a part of its viru-

i off, or other as>i >tance can be obtained ; but emulsions and oily medicines
will be) always found to answer much b it

See — Fh£k .a Oak.

:ktle Berry — ?ee Jamaica BilbebhY.

WILD-CANE OR REED. ARUNDO.

Cl. 3, or. 2 — Triandria digynia. NaT. or. — Gramin.ee.

Ge*. char. — fe« Bamboo, p. 43. Hie folio i nly considered as varieties

of the fiambt ?.

TABACAHIA.

ecta major, caudice bipolicaris diametri, spica spaliosa. — Browne,
p. 138, A. ..
The larger Wi -cane is very common in the cooler swampy bori

among the mountains and rises frequently to the height of twelve or fourteen feet It
is jointed like other reeds, about an inch and a half in diameter near the bottom, and to-
pers gradually to the top ; the outward coat i= hard and smooth, and the body firm an i
filled with a-sort of fibrous whole stalk is strong and elastic, and generally

>, for which they are well ad ,■ I nave seen them yet strong and per-
fect in boo t an hundred years. Moisture is observed to won.
They are also u sed for baskets, when split, and the inner rind taken away. — Browne.

ndomaximo folio dentgto. — Sloane, v. l, p. 109. E recta major

fiuziatilis, culmo excavate pol tarn darnel ri. Browne, p. 138,

. -'.

This is pretty much like the former and rises fifteen feet high, when its stem is as
thick as the human arm ; it is jointed, hollow, and hard ; having at the joints lanceolate
dark green leaves, which are prickly rough on the margin r rem someof the joi its spring
branches having similar leaves ; and from the top issue many leaves together, from
amony wn.fh comes out the panicle. It is used for the same purposes as the other,
and vac leuuer tops of both are cured as a pickle.

I'.rerta minor, panuula laxa spalte-a: spitiliis dislichis lanuginosis. —
biouiii, o. i3«, A. 2,

Browne

280 HORTUS JAMATCENSIS. Wirt

Brown? oa'U this fh° Seaside R?ed, which he found below Oxford, in the parish of
St. Thoi a> in the Fast, seldom rising above three and a half feet, growing in dry San-
dy piacea near the sea.

See Bamboo.

Wild-Carrot — See Celandine.
Wild-Cassada — See Cassada.
Wild-Cinnamon — See Cinnamon, Wild.
Wild-Clove — See Bayuekry.

WILD-CUCUMBER. 1VIELOTHRIA.

Cl. 3, or. 1. — Tria.idria monogynia. Nat. or. — Cucurbitc.ce<e.

Gen. ch\r. — Calyx a one-leafed, bell-shaped perianth, ventricose, five- toothed,
superior, deciduous; corolla one-petaled, wheel-shaped : tube the length of the ca-
lyx, and fastened ail round to it ; border five-parted, flat ; segments broaaeroutwards,
verv blunt ; stamens three conical filaments, inserted into the tube of the corolla,
and of the same length ; amhets twin, roundish, compressed : the pistil has an ovate-
oblong germ, acuminate, sub-inferior; style cylindric the length of the stamens;
stigmas three, thickish, oblong ; the pericarp an ovate-oblong berry, internally
without the partitions three-parted : seeds several, oblong) compressed. There
is only one species, which is a native of Jamaica.

pendula. pendulous.
Cucumis minima fructu oval: nigi e Itevi. — Sloane, v. 1, p. 227, t. 142,
f. 1. Scandens, joliis obtuse tr angularibus sub -c re nat is fructu gla-
bro — Browne, p. 121.
Stem slender, mounting by clavicles, or running along the ground for five or six
feet. Leaven, flowers, and clavicles come out together. The leaves a:e on inch long-
pedicels, roundish, triangular, a little auriculated, an inch and half long and as much
bropd : thev are rough and harsh to the touch, somewhat sinuated about the ed^es, and
of a dark green colour. The clavicles are very tender. Peduncle axillary solitary, bris-
tle shaped, one-flowen 1 ; flower yellow. Fruit the size and shape of a nutmeg, smooth,
blackish when ripe, and full of small white seeds, like other cucumbers, lodges within
an insipid cooling pulp, h grow s by hf dges and ditches, and the ftuit is eaten pickled
whet) green, and is good when fullj ripe — Sioeme. Browne says the plant is nearly
allied to cucumis, from which it is distinguished only by its hermaphrodite Bowers.
Swartz saj .. that <t . Uvays appeared to him to be monoecious, which would only make it
differ from thai, ^enus in having a berried i'uiit,

.!> e Cucumber.

WILD-G1NGFR. ALPINLA.

Cl. 1, OR. 1. — Afenandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Scitamineer.
So named after Prosper Aipinus, a famous physician and botanist.

GeK.

vtld- HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 2$i

Gev. Char. — Calyx a perianth three-toothed, equal, tubulpse ; corolla one-petaled,
three-parted, equal ; nectary t>\ i-li >pedj tiie 10 ver lip spreading ; the pistil has an
inferior germ, a filiform style, and obtuse stigma ; the pericarp is an oval three-
celled capsule ; seeds ovale angular. Tins genus of which there are two species,
both natives of Jamaica, differs only from amomum and costus in its habit, and
raceined inflorescence.

1. RACEMCKA. RACEMED.

Zinziber sylveslre mints, fructu e caulium summitafc ereunle. —
Sioane, v. ', p. 165, t. ]05, f. 1.

Racemes terminating, spiked, flowers alternate, lip of the nectary trifid, leaves
oblong acuminate.

Root fleshy, branched, having the smell and taste of ginger ; stem from two to five
Fee in height; herbaceous, round, .smooth, leafy; leaves sheathing at the base, alter-
nate, lanceolate-ovate, smooth and even, quite entire, with transverse nerves : Racc:i.e
< ct, co Dure I, shining ; bractes alternate, lanceolate-acuminate, almost the length of
the flowers, blood-red. Flower.-, on very short peduncles, one or two between the
bractes ; cal\x somewhat hell -shaped, red ; the teeth obsolete, truncate : corolla white,
tube loriger than the calyx, parts of the border ('reel ; nectary longer than the corolla,
wntricose at the base, tic lower lip broader, convex at the tip, three-parted, the smaller
pair emarginate ; filament, or upper lip of the nectary, short, involved in the lower lip,
t ibracing it with a tooth let at the sides, germ three-cornered ; the upper part of the
style-concealed within the channelled anther; stigma sub-capitate, emarginate; capsule
inferior, roundish, with three blunt corners ; seeds shining. — Swarts. Both the cup
and germen of this plant are of a fine scarlet colour, bin the germen changes when at
maturity, to a deep purple black, and the calyx becomes paler. The fruit separates at
the base into three equal valves, and the seeds are divided into three cells by the means
of a thin membranous receptacle, which, in form, is like the fruit of triopteris, having
three wings. Tiie seeds are enveloped with scarlet filaments, which fasten them to
the placenta, and are covered uitti a saffron-coloured aril.

C. OCCIDENTAllS. WESTERN.

Raceme radical, compound, erect ; nectary emarginate ; capsules three-celled ^
leaves lanceoiate-ovatt, very smojth. — Swartz.

WILD-GINGER. COSTUS.

Cr.. 1, oa. l. — MoiiavHrja monggynia. Nat. or. — Scitamhiece.

Gen. char. — Calyx a three-toothed, very small, superior, perianth ; corolla, three
petals, lanceolate, concave, equal ; nectary one-leafed, large, oblong, tubular, in-
flate I. two-lipped : stamen upon lip of the nectary having a two-parted anther;
the pistil has an ioferioir germ, a filiform stvle, and headed stigma ; pericarp a
roundish crowned, three-celleo, three- valved, capsule ; seeds many, three-cornered.

ARAEICUs. ARABIAN.

Minus scapo vestito, Jioribus spicatis. — Browne, p. 1!3. Amomum.
Vol. II. N n Leaves

«%'} HORTUS JAMAICENSIS, wiu>-

Leaves silky underneath.
Browne calfs this the lesser amomum with a foliated stalk, found every where in the
woods of Jamaica, and the same as the East Indian plant : It grows from a fleshy root,
and shoots by a simple foliated stalk to the height of three or four feet, and then termi-
nates in a handsome, sub-sessile, solitary, erect, flower, spike. The calyx is g:een wilh
a purple tip, in the flower, but in the fruit blood-red ; petal and nectary flesh-coloured,
or white. Seeds black, without smell, but having an unpleasant taste ; there is a white
fungous substance adhering to the base by which the seeds are connected together. Tha
roots of this plant are sometimes used as ginger, but are not so good.

WILD-HOPS. CLINOPODIUM.

Cl. 14, on. 1. — Didynamia gymnospermia. Nat. or. — Verticillat*.

Gen. char. — Calyx involucre many bristled, length of the perianth, placed beneath
the whorl ; perianth one-leafed, cylindric, very slightly incurved, with a two-lipped
mouth ; upper lip wider, rrifid, acute, reflected ; lower lip divided, slender, in-
flected ; corolla une-petaled, ringent, tube short, gradually widened into the
throat ; upper lip erect, concave, obtuse, emargiuate ; lower lip trifid, obtuse ; mid-
dle segment wider emarginate ; stamens four filaments, under the upper lip, of
which two are shorter than the others, anthers roundish ; the pistil has a four-parted
germ ; style filiform, the same situation and length with the stamens ; stigma sim-
ple, acute, compressed ; no pericarp ; calyx contracted round the neck, gibbous
round the body, containing the seeds, which are four ovate. One species is a na-
tive of Jamaica.

CAPITATUM. I1EA»ED.

Sideritis fpiaila scrophulariie folio, flare albo, spicis brevihus habiti~
oribiis rotundis, pediculis insidentibus. — Sloane, v. I. p. 174, t. 109, f.
2. Subhirxuium, foliis crenatis utrinque acuminatis, fioribus cofu
globatis .peduncuUs longis alaribus incidentibus. — Browne, p. 259.

Leaves flat, smooth, heads axillary, peduncled.

Jacquin makes this p. ant a distinct genus, under the name Hyptis, from the inverted
form of the corolla, and thus describes it : Stems 'sufFrutivOse two or three feet high ;
from which issue herbaceous steins, quadrangular, roughish, two feet high ; branched ;
leaves opposite, pelioled, ovate, but with the base acute, veined, unequally serrate,
both sides appearing hairy with a magnifier, deep green ; the lower ones wrinkled, the
the largest seven inches long. Peduncles solitary, quadrangular, slender, when full
grown two or three niches long, bearing at the top numerous dowers ; collected into a
close semi-globular head, supported at bottom by an involucre of many lanceolate lea-
flets. Calyx somewhat hispicf, corolla while with a tinge of flesh-colour, tube some-
what hairy on the outside, but the back of the helmet more so ; border spreading much,
often reflex, and inverted, upper lip trifid, lower (which is uppermost by the inversion
of the corolla) semibifid. The whole plant is inodorous. — Jacquin. The seeds are
small, black, and shining. Barnaul calls this plant Iron-wort, from the figure of its
leaves, and says it has a specific quality to heal all wounds and stop all fluxes of the
blood and other humours j and that a decoction of it with honey, (and a little alum)

uiakec

wiljv MORTUS JAMAICENSIS. S83

nukes an elegant mouth-water and for sore throats. The juice is also said to be good
fat sore eyes. It is common in most parts of Jamaica, seldom rising above three feet.
Dr. Wright notices it under the name Wild Batchelor's B itton, he says it is an annual
plant, herbaceous, rising three or four feet. The leaws large, rough, serrated ; the
flowers small an I the seed vessels connected in a globular orbutton-like form. Tiie
leaves of this, beaten and applied to old and obstinate ulcers, have a very good effect.
The buttons, when rubbed betwixt the lingers emit a most agreeable fragrance, some-
what like a mixture of the oils of rosemary, lavender, rhodium, and ambergris. As the
plant is common in all waste lauds, large quantities might easily be gathered, and this
valuable perfume, or oil, obtained bv distillation. The dried pods retain their flavour
a considerable time, and might be sent home in tin cannistcrs or lead cases to the mo-
ther country. — Wright.

Wild-Indigo — See Indigo.

WILD-JASMIN. IXORA.

Cl. 4, ou. 1. — Tetrandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Sldlala.

Gen. char. — Calyx a four-parted perianth, very small, upright, permanent ; corolla
one-petaled, funnel- form ; tube cylindric, very long, slender; border four-parted,
flat; divisions ovate ; stamens four filaments, above the mouth of the corolla, very
short; anthers oblong ; the pistil has a roundish inferior germ, a filiform style the
length of the tube, and a two-cleft stigma; the pericarp a roundish two-celled
berry ; seeds by fours, convex on one side, con.ered on the other. Three species
are natives of Jamaica.

1. AMFRICANA. AMERICAN.

Leaves in threes, lanceolate- ovate, flowers thyrsoid.
This rises with a shrubby stalk four or five feet high, sending out slender opposite
branches ; leaves opposite, six inches long, two inches and a half broad, on short foot-
stalks. Flowers at the ends of the branches in loose spikes, they are white and have a
scent like Jasmin. The coffea occidentalis is also called Wild Jasmin in Jamaica, de-
scribed under the articles of Coffee.

2. FASCICULATO. BUNDLED.

Leaves ovate-elliptic ; those of the hranchlets sub-faciated ; peduncles subtriflo-
rous. — Sw. Pro. 30.

3. MULTIFLORA. MANY-FLOWERED.

Leaves lanceolate-ovate, bundled, peduncles aggregate, one-flowered, verj
short, berries one-seeded. — Sw. Pro. 30.

Wild-Lemon. — See Savin- Trfe.
Wild- Liquorice. — Sec Liquorice.
Wied-Mammee. — bee Santa-Maru.

N n 2 WILD-

£84 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. wilb-

WILD-OATS. PHARUS.

Cl. 21, or. 6. — Mcnaeeia nexandria. Nat. or. — Gramma.
Gex char. — Male flowers pedtincled, calyx a two-valved, one-flowered, glume ; co=
roha two- rah i ' iger ; .stamens six filaments with linear anthers: Female
flowers longer^ sessile, in the sanie paniede ; calyx a two- flowered, one-vaired,
glume ; corolla a two-ralved glume, a little longer; the pistil has a linear germ, a
simple style, and three stigmas ; no peril arp ; the outer glume of the corolla in-
vests die seed, now larger, muricated all round with soft adhering little hooks ;
seed oblong, grooved oa one side, large. One species :s a native ot Jamaica.

I.ATIFOLllN. BROAD-LE VED.

Gramen avenaceum syhaticum, foliis latissitnislocustis longisnon arti-
tatis, gluims spudiceis. — Sloaue, v. l.p. 116, t 73, f. 2. Foliis ner-
vosis, oblong is, oblusr, peliolis i/.t contortis, ut adversa pagaia. jolio
simper caium resp'icia.'it. Browne, p. 344, t. c6, i'. 3.
Panicle branched, cah xe.> apetalous, naked, awnless.

This grass has many ihree or four inches long filaments, with lateral fibrils, uniting in
a roundish root. Root-leaves several, encompassing tne stalk and one another by tneir
footstalks, which arc striated, of alight brown colour, and ab nit nine inches long; leaves
obionij ovate, six inches Ions; and two broad, acuminate, striated, thin, hard, and rough,
with tlie mid -rib prominent at the back. Sialk a foot and a half high, having below
two very short joints, dividing at a foot from the groaud into several branches, on which
are naked Bowers half an inch in length, sessile; alternate, outer flumes blackish, and
within that a long rolled up membrane. It grows every where in the inland hig.li
sliadj woods, and thought to be a most nourishing grass for cattle. — Sloan?.

WILD-OCHRA. MALACHRA.

Cl. 16, or. 6. — Moncdelph'a polyandria. Nat. or. — Columnifera,
This generic name is derived from the Greek word for soft, on account of the soft-
ness of the leaves.

Gen. char. — Calyx a common perianth mostly five- flowered, three or five leaved^,
large ; leaflets cordate, acute, permanent ; chaffs bristle-shaped, set round the pro-
per perianths ; proper perianth one- leafed, bellshaped, small, five-cleft perma-
nent ; the proper corolla five obovate petals, entire, fastened at th i bottom to i e
tube of the stamens ; stamens many filaments, conjoined btelbw into a tube, above
loose, gaping along the whole surface of the cylinder ; anthers kidney-form ; the
pistil has an orbicular germ, a cvhndric ten-cleft style, and globular stigm;:> ; the
pericarp a roundish capsule, divisible into five cells, compressed on one side, gib-
bous on the other ; seeds solitary, roundish, angular. One species a a native of
Jamaica.

CAP1TATA. HEADED.

Malva aspera major aquatka, ex hortensium tea rosearum genere,
fare miiwre lutco, semine acuitato. — Sluane, v. 1, p. 217, t. 137, f. 1.

Hirta

wiDO. )ftTUS JAMAIC ENS-IS. 285

Ilirta as . foliis angulato- cor (talis, oblufe lobatis, afque

ms coiu ': : . capituhsJoliolatiSf pedunculis valtdii
ribus. — Brown, p. 2lrf. Sidy 10.

Heads pedti'acled, three-leaved, seven-flowere 1.
Stem thick, round, erect, from two tj four feet rfigh, rough with prickly hair, a* is
the whole plant ; I i h irt-shaped, or angular, hairing two or three

point-!, a')>). u ,'our inches Long and three an I t lull' broad, in lente I or si mate I about
the edges, hairj .■ icral peduncles two together, axillary ; fl >■■■• rs aggregate, pedun-
dled. rhe. co uuon calya - triangular, auricujated, leaflets, wnich. are stiff

and sharp ; pr oper calyx single, one- leafed, hall* five cleft, with, the divisions lanced,
bristly at tip with white bristles -, corolla yellow, sprea ling, petals rounding. It grows
commonly in Jamaicain ditches ana marshy places. The tender buds and leaves
of this plant are very mucilggini us.

WILD-OLIVE of BARBADOES. BONTIA.

Cl. 14, oh. 2. — Didynamia angiospermia. Nat. or. — Pcrsonata*
This was so named from Jacobus Bontius, a physician at Baeavia
Gen. char. — Calyx one-leafed, five parted, upright, permanent; corolla one-
petaled, ringent, tube lornr cvlindrie ; bor I ; ; upper li ) uprig t, erh irgi-

.iate ; lower Vevolute, semitrjii !, the size of the upp r ; »tamens four subulate fila-
ments, bending to, the upper lip, the length of trie corolla, tvyo shorter ■ ; anthers
simple; the pistil has an ovate germ, a simple style trie length of the stamens,;
stigma bifid blunt ; seed an oval nut, one-ceded, germina ing. There is only one
species, a native of Barbadoes, which thrives well in Jamaica.

DAPHNOIDES.

Leaves alternate, peduncles one- {lowered.
This has a woody brittle stem and brant lies, rising to the height often feet, and full
of narrow, lanceolate, thick, smooth leaves, from among which grow the peduncles
from the sides of the tivi^s and branches. Calyx leaflets triangular with a sharp point;
corolla dusky yellow, with a line of dusky purple hairs covering the in ideof the
middle divisions of the lower lip ; and t.vo fainter lines of purple hairs <>u the inside of
the upper lip ; the lower lip is the smallest and has three triangular recurved points,
two ovate, one inner. Bir .Is are said to fatten on the fruit, and it gives their flesh a
bitter flavour. In B .irbadoes it is firmed into beautiful hedges, for which it is well
adapted by its dense branches and foliage, as well as from its rapid growth ; for when
planted from slips in the rainy season, they will grow from four to five feet high in,
aighteen months.

Wild- Parsley.— See Heart-Peas.

WILD

2iS HDRTUS JAMAICENSIS. m\J>~

WILD-PINE. TILLANDSIA.

Cl. 6, or. l — Hevandria mnnogynia. Nat. -OB. — Coronaria.
Gpx. char — See O.J Man's Beard, vol. 2, p. 18. Besides those described UBcier that
name, the'foilow.ng species have been discovered in Jamaica :

1. UTRICULATA. BOTTLFD.

Viscum earyophijlloides -maximum /lore tripetalo pallidelutro semine H~
lamentoso. — Sloane, v. l. p. 188. Parasitica major \foliis attenuatis
bin ventricosis, racano laxo spatiosa assurgtnli. — Browne, p. 194,
T. 4.

Culm panicled,

Thi> curious plant prows every where in the woods of Jamaica, on decaying trees, of
which many brown fibrils encompass the arms, or take, firm hold of the bark, notasmis-
1 to, to suck nourishment, but only weaving and matting themselves among one ano-
tl 2r, and thereby spreading a firm and strong foundation to the plant ; whence arise
several leaves on eveiy side, like those of aloes or ananas, which has given occasion
to its name oFWild Pine ; they are folded or enclosed one within another, each three
feet arid a half long, and three inches broad at the base, but ending in a point, having o
very hollow or concave inward side, and a round or convex outward one, forming a ba-
st,i or cistern, containing about a quart of water, which in the rainy season talis upon
the upper parts of the spreading leaves, and being conveyed down themhy channels,
lodges in ti e bottom as in a bottle ; for the leaves being swelled out at the base, bend
in war s dose to the stalk, thus hindering the evaporation of the water by the' heat of
i i,- sun. From the rrildst of t le leaves rises a round, smooth, si: ;.;^ht green stalk,
three or four feet high, having many branches, and, wbe'n wounded, yielding a clear
white mucilaginous gum. The flowers come out here and there on the branches.
The corolla i~ of a yellowish unite or herbaceous colour, and the calyx is made up of
three green viscid leaves, with purple edges. Capsule greenish brown, having under
it three short capsult r leaves, and within several long pappose seeds, which are oblong
pyramidical, and \ \ small, having a very soft down, as long as the capsule itself.
Bj this In mi the seed is not only carried by the wind, but it is enabled by it to stick
fasi i'i the bark of trees Vs soon as it sprouts, although it be on ihe under part of a
bough, it rises pei pendicula ly . for it it ha I any other position, the cistern could not
hold the water which is necessarj for the life and nourishment of the plant. In the
mou us -is well .is dry low w lods, this reservatory is very useful to men, birds, and

i; ects, w > in-si an it> ol water frequent these plants in troops. Dampier says he has
man) ti nes; to iu> gr< at relief, stuck his knife into the leaves, just above the roots, and
let out the water into ins hut. — Sloane.

2. SERRATA. SERRATE.

Put a.- tied maxima, foliis amplioribus obtusis, ciliato sub-spinosis, ?-a~
. e assurgenti piiamidato.— Browne, p. 194, T. 7.

Leaves serrate-spiny above, spike como*e.

Brow in tana u.ia the largest wild-pine, with a variegated flower-spike.

3. LINGULATA. 1 U-\GUE-LEAV£D.

Viscum

wild- HORTUS JAMAICENSIS lit

Fiscum carwphylloiJes maximum, capitulis in summitate conglomcra-
tis. — Sloane, v. 1, p. 189, t. 120. Media, parasitica, foliis oblongis
obtusis Jioribus comosis teroiinalibus. — Browne, p. 194, T. 3.
Leaves lanceolate-tpngue-shaped, quite entire, ventricose at the base.
This grows on large trees, to which it fastens itself by many long dark brown threads,
making altogether an oblon'g root. The radical leaves are linear tongue-shaped, acu-
minate, shining, quite entire, a foot long, numerous, containing water. Culm Ieafyy
simple, erect, solitary, bearing conglomerate flowers at the top. Flowers yellow, in-
odorous, three inches" long, capsules brown. The leaves at the top of the culm are
many of them reddish, looking something like a rose.

4. TENU1FOLIA. FINE-LEAVED.

riscum caryophijiloid.es minus, foliorum imis viridibus, apicibus subru-
bicundis, flare tri-pelalo purpurco seinina filamtnloso. — Sloane,
v. 1, p. 190, t 122, t. 1. Parasitica parva foliis lenuissimis erectis,
spica breviori shrtplici disticha. — Browne, p. 194, T. 2.

Spikes alternate-imbricate, flowers distich, leaves linear, filiform, erect, bristle-
shaped at the tip.

Stem a foot high, simple, sheathed, leafy. Leaves often the length of the stem ;
the radical an I lo.ver ones sheathed at the base, above the base attenuated, keeled, con-
volute, rigid. Stem-leaves or sheathes closely surrounding the stem, terminated bya
verv long linear filiform apex. Spikes three or four, terminating, sessde, sub-distich, an
inch long, lanceolate. Spathes oblong, obtuse ; petals Mue. Sioane observes that the
leaves are very like those of pinks in shape, their under parts are green, and upper red-
dish.

5. MOXOSTACHYA. ONE-SPIKED.

Parasitica foliis majoribus oblusis ; spica assurgenti, divisa, squamosa.
— Browne, p. 194, T. 0.
Leaves linear, channelled, reclined ; culm simple, imbricate, spike simple.
Browne calls this the larger Tillandsia with obtuse leaves.

6. FASCICULATA. BUNDLED.

Spikes lateral, distich, imbricate, leaves lanceolate-subulate, erect, strict.
Roots filiform, rigid ; stem simple, from one to two feet high, leafy ; leaves next the
root sheathing at the base, broad, concave ; towards the end lanceolate, convolute subu-
late, upright and straight, or a little recurved at the tip, pubescent on the outside ;
stem-leaves shorter, sub-imbricate, ovate, ending in a long awl-shaped point. Spikes
terminating and lateral, erect, alternate, ancipital, an inch wide, imbricate in two row's
with bractes or spathes, which are called glumes by Linneus, equitant, ovate-acuminate
membranaceous at the edge, smooth ; rachis three-sided : Flowers solitary, sessile be-
tween the spathes ; calvx tubular, three-cornered, or two keeled at the back, three-
parted at the end ; after the flower increases, it surrounds the capsule with two leaves
the superiorbifid and two-keeled, the inferior lanceolate and convex. Capsule oblong
acuminate, an inch long, three-cornered, three-celled, three- valved ; valves rigid,
black within ; seed-down capillary silky. Native of Jamaica on trees near the coast. —
&wartz>

7. NUTANS.

28S H OUT US J A MAI C EN SIS. wild-

7. M'TAVS. NODDING.

Spikes sub-divide,1, nodding'; flowers 'distinct, ovate; leaves ovate-lanceolaU
membranaceous; stem almost n l.e.l.

From one to two feet high. All the leayes radical, rn'r\ ventricoseat the base,
Striated longitudinally, marked, with lines, s-.n idth, half a foot long. Scape sheathed,
jointed, round, loose, smooth; sheaths alternate, approximating, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, striated, s noo b, - rtbra ins Spikes . i lating, alternate, somewhat

remote ; rachis angular ; flo vi rs ov iXe, sc&tiere I, distin t, appn ximating bill not 1 n-
bricate ; bractes or spathes jvate, obtuse, concave, membranaceous, rigid, solitary, in-
closing the florets ; calvx three leaved, > ovate-lanceolate ; petals three, ovate-
lanceolate, "erects shrii bite; filaments awl-shaped, I base of the petals
and of the same length with them, i nthers ovate, bifid at th has , snb-sagitate;
germ tbree-cornereel, acuminate, smo >th ; style sliort. three- i r< I ; stigmas tnree,
simple; capsule roundish ovate, acuminate^ thre< i i !-keeled, three-celled,
three-valve. I : v : an I sh l-do'wii ry long, whit ', shining,
and silky. Native of Jamaica on the branches ui' trees in tbe mountains — Swai ti.

8 CANESCENS. HOARY.

Spit rs subtern, leaves line: r, erei t, equalling the stem, 1.
About a foot high ; radicles short, simple, filiform, curled, bro.vn ; fern sheathed,
leafy, undivided ; radical leave- sh -allied ; t th : base, im . rigid ; shea *

very wide, ovate, concave, veutricose, m: . iVan iceous ; st -n- !•■..' ■. - .. • tned loosely,
and linear, acute Spikes terminating, f n isj ^art in thr imuting, ses-

sile, ovate, acute, compressed a little, sub-disti h ; 1 .-. ' ti Si; i ovate lanceo-

late, imbricate, eqiiitanl : smooth : p i ils long, re I ; ■ icu uinate, three-

cornered, involved in a spathe. Native of Jamaica on trees near the coast.

P. ANCUSTIPOLIA. NARUt/W-LF.AVFD.

Spikes in bundles, leaves linear-lance. /late, sub-erect, smooth, surpassing the
stem.
Two feet high ; stem almost upright, simple, sheathed, leafy ; ra !ical and stem
leaves imbricate, wide, and sheathing at tbe base ; lanceolate above, and linear at' the
end, striated, longer than the whole plant, still', and straight ; radical sheaths ub-

ventricose. Spikes very many, alternate, separated by leafy sheaths, sub-imbricate,
compressed, lanceolate, an inch and a half Icing, many flowered. Flow. - h ;

spathes imbricate, equitant, ovate, acuminate, kteel'ed, striated, smooth; capsules
elongate I, acuminate, three-sided, smooth, longer th in the spathes. Native of Jamai-
ca, on trunks and branches of trees. ^—Swartz.

19. PRUINOsa. FBOfTY.

Spike simple, snathe imbricate, leaves lanceolate-linear, reclined ; these and
the spathes tomentose with little

From two to three inches high ; rootlets' filiform, simple, rigid, curled ; stem very
short, leafy; radical leaves sheathing at the base, she..: . ovatej ventricose, in^m-

branaceons, striated; the edges or the leaves are convolute, they are bent different
ways, and are tomentose with very numerous stales, which are sub-imbricate.(not
pressed close) torn, whitish) glittering like hoar-frost. Stem leaves sheathed, imbri-
cate,

wild- HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. ?89

cate, equal to »1ip radical leaves and like them, with embracing sheaths, not ventricose
at the base. Spike terminating, an inch long, ovate, acute, flowers sub-distich ; spathes
ovate-acuminate, scaly-tomentose all over ; petals longer than the spathes, blue ; cap-
sule oblong, acuminate, three-sided, smooth. This is not to he confounded with recur~
vata (Sec Old Man's Beard) which has linear subulate leaves, radical peduncles, and
two-flowered spathes. Native of Jamaica, on old boughs of trees. — Swartz.

11. PANICflLATA. PANICLED.

Parasitica major Join's attenualis basi ventricosis ; raceme laxo spatwso
assurgenti. — Browne, p. 194, T. 4
Leaves radical, very short; culm almost naked, branches sub-divided, ascending.
Browne calls this the loose-headed Wild Pine.

12. FLEXUOSA. FLEXUOSE.

Spikes loose, flexuose, flowers distich, somewhat remote, leaves lanceolate-linear,
reclined -y stem sub-divided at the top.
Roots filiform, long, rigid ; leaves mostly radical, wider at the base, sessile, ventricose,
embracing, entire, loose, striated, membranaceous, beneath whitish, sub-tomentose or
meally with very minute scales, which are peltate and hollowed in the middle, sur-
rounded by hyaline striated margin, not to be distinguished without a magnifying glass.
Stem or scape longer than the leaves, two or three feet high, loose, round, with alter-
nate, lanceolate, acute, red, sheaths ; the lower ending in linear leaves -, sub-divided at
the top, and terminated bv two or three spikes, which are solitary, long, loose, with a
flexuose three-sided rachis, and alternate, distich, remotish, florets ; bractes or spathes
one-leafed, concave, striated. Calyx three-parted, three-cornered at the base ; seg-
ments erect, coloured ; petals three, linear, longer than the calyx, turned back at the tip,
scr.rlet or blue ; filaments alternately a little shorter, inserted into the receptacle, fili-
form, almost the length of the petals ; anthers ovate, bifid at the base, whitish : germ
ovate, three-cornered, three-keeled, three-celled, three-valved, within shining and
black ; seeds crowned with a capillary yellowish down. Native of Jamaica, on the
branches of old trees near the coast. — Swartz.

13. SETACEA. BRISTLE-LEAVED.

Spike simple, spathes distich imbricate, leaves linear, filiform, reclined, smooth.
This resembles the fenuifolia, but is distinct in having the leaves reclined, and the
spike simple, whereas in that, the leaves are erect, the spikes many and alternate. The
stem a foot high and more, round, almost upright, covered from the root up to the spike
with alternate sub-imbricate sheaths, broad-ovate at the base, and at the end attenuated
into linear setaceous leaves. Radical leaves almost the length of the stem, sheathing,
imbricate, numerous, somewhat meally with very minute scales, ash-coloured, rigid.
Sheaths small, or only the base of the leaf widened. Spike terminating, undivided,
ovate-lanceolate, with alternate, distich flowers ; spathes wide-ovate, acuminate, mem-
branaceous, sub-coriaceous, equitant, capsule ovate-acuminate. Native of Jamaica on
Jrees. — Sw#rtx.

See Old Man's Beard.
Vo?- II. O o Wild-

290 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. *UJ>-

Wild-Plantain. — See Bastard-Plantain.
Wild-Potato k Slip. — See Bindweeds.
Wild-Rice. — See Trumpet-Reed.

wild rosemary: croton.

Cl. 21, or. 9. — Mvnaecia monodelphia. Nat. or. — Tricoccar.
Gen. char. — Male flowers smaller than the females ; calyx a cylindric perianth, five-
toothed ; corollain some five-petaled, scarce longer than the calyx, oblong, obtuse :
nectary five glands, affixed to the receptacle, small: stamens from ten to fifteen
subulate filaments, connected at the base, length of the flower ; anthers roundish,
twin. Female flowers remote from the males, on the same plant ; calyx a many
leafed perianth; leaflets ovate-oblong, erect: corolla petals as in tiie males (in
some scarce manifest) ; the pistil has a roundish germ, three styles, reflex spread-
ing, length of the flower, half two-cleft ; pericarp a roundish capsule three-lobed
at the sides, three-celled, each of the cells two valved, size of the calyx, frequently
much larger : seeds solitary, ovate, large. Fourteen species have been discovered
in Jamaica.

1. LINEARE. LINEAR.

Ricino affinis odorifera fruticosa major rosimarini folio, fruclu tricocco*
albido — Sloane, v. 1, p. 133, t. 86, f. 1. Fruticulosum ;Joliis longis,
angustis, subtus incanis, margine re/lexis. — Browne, p. 347, C. 5.
C. cascarUla of Linneus.

Leaves linear, very entire, obtuse, tomentose beneath, stem shrubby.

This rises with a shrubby stem about six or seven feet high, sending out many side
branches, which are covered with a smooth bark of a yellowish white colour, and garnished
very closely with narrow stiff leaves near three inches long, and about one eight of an
inch broad, of a light green on their upper side, but their under of the same colour with
the bark, the midrib is furrowed on their upper side, and very prominent on the lower ;
the upper part of the branches divides into four or five smaller, arising from the same
joint, and nearly equal in length ; between these arise long loose spikes of whitish green
flowers. The whole plant has an aromatic odour when rubbed. Swariz remarks that on
the coast it has narrower leaves than in the inland parts, and that the flowers are dioe-
cious.— Martyn. It resembles the European Rosemary pretty much, both in the man-
ner of its growth and the form and colour of its leaves, whence it has acquired the name
of Wild-Rosemary. It is frequent in most parts of Jamaica, and generally used in warm
resolutive baths and fomentations. Barnaul says the powder of the dried leaves is a
specific in the cholic, and in all cold watery undigested humours, having all the virtues
f»f rosemary.

2. CLABF.LLUM. SMOOTH.

Mali folio arbor, artemisue odore, flare pentapetalo spicato. — Sloane, \.
2, p. 30, t. 174, f. 1, 2. Fruticosum; Joliis subrotundo-ovatis, siib-
tus sub-incanis, alternis ; spicillis alaribus. — Browne, p, 348, C. 7.

Leaves ovate, bluntish, very entire, smooth, and even ; fruits peduncled.

This

wild- HORTUS J A M A I C E N SIS. 29 1

Tiiis grows from twenty to thirty feet high, having a white wool an 1 brown baHs ; the
branches grow straight up, having a great many leaves, almost like those of an a]
tree, standing without order on half-inch pedicels ; the flowers arc many, standing
reund the ends of the branches, in panicles ; they are whitish, and when rubbed sm II
very sweet, as do the leaves and all parts of the plant. Ii grew in Two Mile Wood. — ■
Sloan/!. It is common in all the lowlands about Spanish Town and Kingsl in ; where it
grows inashrubby form, and seldom exceeds seven or eight feet in height, hut dies after
a few years. Ail its parts are of uu active warm nature, and have a pretty agreeable
smell. — Browne.

3. LUCIDUM. LUCID.

Ejection glabrum, foliis ovati.soppositisveltern.itis, spicis terminalibus.
Browne* p. 347, C. 6.

Leaves ovate, smooth ; flowers in spikes ; styles many-cleft, depressed-pubescent,
becoming shrubby.
Calyx of the male ten-leave. 1, imbricate, hirsute within ; no corolla ; stamens twelve :
calyx of the females five-leaved ; germ hirsute ; styles three, six-parted. Tins seldom
rises above three feet, it is pretty simple towards the root, and divides into three or
four simple branches towards the top ; the leaves are oval and pointed both ways. It is
frequent in St. Elizabeth's.

4. HUMILE. HUMBLE.

Fruticulosum minus, foliis villosis cordato-aewninatis, raviulis gracili-
bus glabris. — Browne, p. 347, C. 2.

Leaves cordate, very entire, scabrous, sub-ciliate, tomentose beneath, stem
shrubby.

This is a shrub two feet high ; with a smooth branching stem ; the branches hoary at
the end. Leaves alternate, rufous, clammy, with warts, terminated by minute white
hairs, contiguous at the base ; petioles somewhat hairy. Spikes terminating,- erect,
male flowers above five to seven, smaller, whitish ; calyx five-leaved, leaflets hoary ; pe-
tals five white, equal to the calyx ; filaments from twenty to twenty-four, anthers com-
pressed, whitish ; females below, larger, greenish ; calyx five-leaved, leaflets tomentose
or hoary ; no corolla ; germ three grooved, hirsute ; styles three, contiguous to the base,
white, four-parted to the middle ; stigmas first white, then rufescent ; capsule tricocous,
somewhat hirsute ; seeds roundish. The smell of the whole herb is strong and balsa-
mic — Swartz. The small .tea-side balsam is common in the Savannas about Kingston ;
it is very hot and pungent upon the palate, and frequently used in baths and fomenta-
tions for nervous weaknesses. — Browne, p. 347, C. 2.

5. FLAVENS. YELLOW.

Fruticulosum et villosum, foliis cordato acuminatis, ramulis crassioribus
foment osis. — Browne, p. 347, C. 3.
Leaves cordate oblong, very entire, tomentose on both sides, bianchlets more
closely tomentose.

The Yellow Balsam is common in the Savannas about Kingston, and rises frequently
to the height of two or three feet, it is pretty much like the humile, both in size and ge-
neral form, but is easily distinguished by the thickness of its extreme branches, which,

Oo2 in

2$2 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. wild

in this species, are nretty soft and luxuriant. All parts of the plant are equally sharp,
and, like that, used in resolutive baths. — Browne.

6. ELUTF.RIA.

Frut'cosum erect urn et subvillosum, foliis cardcto-dcumir<atis, spicis
terminalibus. — Browne, p. 347, C. 4 Cluytia. — Linneus.

Leaves ovate-acuminate, entire, scattered, smooth, scaly, silver-coloured below;
stem arboreous ; racemes composite ; axillary. — Sxv.

Browne calls this plant the Sea-side Balsam, larger than the other species, growing fre-
quently to the height of four or five feet, and commonly found in low moist bottoms.
The leaves and tender tops are said to heal sores of all sorts very well, and frequently
used in baths and fomentations. On breaking the more tendi r branches ofany of these
species, a large drop of thick balsamic liquor oozes from the wound, from whence they
have obtained the appellation of balsams. — Browne. This is the cluytia eluteria of Lin-
neus, which Swartz made a species of croton, but has some c.oubi if Browne's be the
same plant.

This tree is common near the sea-shore, and rises to about twenty feet. The leaves
are from two to three inches long and of a proportional breadth. On the upper side they
are waved and of a rustv colour ; on the under ribbed, and of a fine glossy or silvery ap-
pearance. From the axillae they have numerous small spikes, with a great quantity of
white, small, and fragrant flowers. The capsule is tricocous like other crotons. The
bark is the same as the cascarilla and elutheria of the shops. — Wright.

7. PALLKNS. PALE.

Leaves ovate-acuminate, quite entire, smooth on both sides ; racemes solitary,
erect, terminating ; calyxes larger than the fruit.

This rises with a shrubby stem to the height of seven or eight feet, is covered with an
ash-coloured bark, and divides at top into many slender branches ; some of these are
terminated by five or six branchlets, all arising from the s une joint ; these are naked be-
low, but towards their upper part they have smooth lanceolate leaves, about two inches
and a half long, and three quarters of an inch broad, on pretty long footstalks; the
flowers are produced in short spikes at the ends of the branches, i;re of an herbaceous
colour, and are inclosed in large green calyxes.

?. BALSAMIFERUM. BALSAM,

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, scabrous, very entire, tomeutose beneath.
This is an upright, branched, diffused, shrub, three or four feet high, very sweet
smelling, covered all over with a close yellowish nap, and abounding with a balsamic,
thickish, odorous, brownish, sap, which exudes wherever a cut or rupture is made.
Leaves petioled, green above, ferruginous yellow underneath, thick, scatteringly alter-
nate, two or three inches long, numerous. Soikes sub-terminating from the divisions
of the younger branchlets ; flowers small with white petals. It much resembles the hu-
mile but the leaves are not cordate. — Jacquin.

9. GLOBOSUM. GLOBE.

Leaves ovate, obtuse, entire; peduncles in pairs; flowers dioecious, fruits globu-
lar, cchinate- hispid. — Sw.

10. PUPULIPOLIUM. POPLAR-LEAVED.

Leaves

wild. HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 293

Leaves broad-ovate, acuminate, serrate-toothed, somewhat rough with hairs,
with one gland at the base above ; petioles the length of the leaves ; racemes
terminating, erect, solitary ; stem shrubby.
Branches smooth, scarred ; loaves approximating towards the top, broad-ovate, un-
equally tooth -serrate, with stellate fulvous hairs on both sides ; petioles the length of
the leaves. Racemes terminating, erect, an inch and half long; peduncles rough with
hairs ; calyxes of the females with lanc< olate, hairy, tooth-gashed, leaflets, and glandu-
lar teeth ; of the males smooth, coloured; germ rough with hairs. — Vatel.

11. GLANDULOSUM. GLANDULAR.

Minus trichotomum sub-hirsutum, foil's oblongis dentatis, spiels ad di-
varicationes ramorum sitis. — Browne, p. 346, C. 1.
Leaves oblong-serrate, biglandular at the base, fruits sessile.

This plant grows in main- parts of the savannas, in Liguanea, but seldom rises above
sixteen or seventeen inches. The seeds are small and much used both by wild and
tame fowls, who pick them up every where in the fields. — Browne.

12. MACROPHYLLUM.

Leaves cordate roundish, acuminate, entire, thick, tomentose, nerved under-
neath.— Sw.

1". NITENS. SI1IX1MG.

Leaves cordate-elliptic, acuminate, almost entire, smooth, shining above, dotty
and silvery underneath, racemes axillary, leaves shorter, erect. — Sw.

14. LAUR1NUM.

Leaves oblong, acute, quite entire, of some consistence, smooth ; petioles
rugged, they and the leaves dotted underneath; racemes a.xiiiuiy, \cry long,
patulous, stem arborescent. — Sw.

WILD- SAGE. LANTAXA..

Ci 14, cr. 2. — Didynamtec angiospermia. Nat. or. — Personate.
Gen. H ii.-- Cai\ x a one-leafed perianth, very short, converging, obscurely four-
th ■ 1,1 i ilar : corolla one-petaled, nearly equal ; tube cylrno.ru-, slender, longer

thai .ivx, rather oblique ; border flat, unequally four-clett, obtuse : stamens

foi : . nts, very small, placed in the midst ot the tube of the corolla, very slen-

der, il v hieh iwo are a little higher ; anthers roundish : tlie pistil nas a roundish
germ ; a ti :torni short style ; stigma refracted, sharp downwards like a nook, and
as it were obliquely growing to the tip of the style; pericarp a roundish one-
celled drupe ; seed a round-pyramidal three-celled nut, the lowesc cell sterne ;
kernels solitary oblong. Six species are indigenous to Jamaica.

1. TRIFOLIA. THREE-LEAVED.

Peridymcnum rectum humilius, salvia folio rugoso majore fiore par-
pureo,/ructu oblongo escuknio purpuree, — SJoane, v. 2, p. 8_', t. 195,

f. 3..

SS4 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. iriu>.

f. 3. Erecta miner sub-assurgens, foliis verticillats ternatis, pedun-
cuiislongis, spicis oralis. — Browne, p. 26-S, L. 1.
Leaves tern or quatern, elliptic, serrate, wrinkled above, villose beneath, stem
unarmed, spikes oblong, imbricated.

Stem shrubby, branched, round, rugged ; branches upright, round, rugged.
Leaves petioled, three together, seldom four, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, nerved,
the upper surface almost smooth, beneath somewhat hirsute, hoary. Spikes peduncled
sub-imbricate, with lanceolate, entire, distinct, and somewhat hirsute, bractes ; when
young in a head, but afterwards an inch in length. Flowers pale blood-red, and not
changeable; peduncles axillary, opposite, solitary, the length of the leaves, striated,
angular, hirsute; calyx very minute, three-toothed, with the hindertooth a little longer ;
corolla salver-shaped, irregular; tube narrow, gibbous in the middle ; border almost
flat, oblique, four- cleft ; upper segment almost upright, roundish ; the lateral ones, only
half the size, spreading ; the lower broader, waving ; throat yellow ; ambers extremely
minute, brownish green ; style the length of the tube ; fruit a berried drupe, red,
roundish ; nucleus hard, two-celled. — Swartz. Sloane says the fruit of this species is
more juicy than that of the others, and not unpleasant to eat. Ii grows on the banks
of the Rio-Cobre, near Spanish Town, and in most other places in the lowlands.

2. ANNUA. ANNUAL.

Periclymcniim rectum u> tica- folio hirsuto majore,fiore liaro. — Sloane,
v. 2, p. 82, t. 195, f. 2.

Leaves opposite and tern, cordate, rugged, stem unarmed, spikes oblong.

This grows six or seven feet high with a shrubby stem ; the bark white and smooth ;
branches inclining downwards ; leaves opposite, rough, serrate, a little woolly on their
inner side. Peduncles, by pairs or three at a joint, sustaining thick spikes of flowers of
an orange or deep yellow colour. The berries turn black when ripe ami are eatable.
The leaves are generally used in baths and fomentations for hydropic patients. Barhani
says " for its great qualities it may well be called sage, having all its \ u tues. It makes
an excellent tea to strengthen the stomach; outwardly, the bruised herb applied like a
poultice, cleanses the worst ulcers, and heals wounds. The decoction is an excellent
bath to strengthen the limbs."

3. STRICTA. STIFF.

Penclymenum rectum salvia folio rugoso longo et anguslissimo. —
Sloane, v. 2, p. 84, t. 195, f. 4,

Leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, acute; stem unarmed, heads roundish,
bractes ovate-lanceolate, squarrose.

Stem square ; leaves very long and narrow, an inch and a half in length, and one-
third of an inch wide in the middle, toothed, of a dark colour above, whitish under-
neath, on their surface like those of sage, on very short petioles. Peduncles axillary,
two inches long. It grew on Mount-Diablo. — Sloane.

4. CAMAHA.

Periclymcniim rectum urtn<e folit, flore coccineo amplo. — Sloane, v.
2, p. 83. Fiutescens, foliis cordato ova/is, floralibus linearibus ; fio-
ribus croceis, pedunculis longis. — Browne, p. 268, L. 2.

Leaves

wild- HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 29?

Leaves opposite, stem unarmed, branched ; flowers headeJ-umbelled, leafless.
Stem shrubby, a fathom in height, angular, somewhat rugged ; branches sub-divided,
almost upright, rugged, quadrangular; branchlets quadrangular, grooved, strict, hirsute,
dark green ; leaves on long petioles, decussated, spreading, ovale, acuminate, serrate,
nerved, hirsute. Flowers terminating ; peduncles shorter than the leaves, solitary, an-
gular, grooved, hirsute ; bractes broad-lanceolate, concave, entire, pubescent. Calyx
three-toothed, minute, the hinder tooth larger ; corolla funnel-form ; the tube and bor-
der at first pale sulphur-coloujed, changing to saffron, light red, and pale crimson;
tube round at the base, gibbous, widening towards the throat ; border four-cleft ; nearly
equal ; hinder segment almost upright, sub-cordate ; lower border, emarginate in the
middle ; the lateral ones entire, spreading, waved at the edge ; throat contracte I ; an-
thers minute, whitish ; germ oblong ; st\ le shorter than the tube ; drupe the size of red
currants, black green, with a nauseous smell ; nucleus two-celled. — Swartz. This has
much the same virtues as sage but of a more active nature, containing as we'll as the fol-
lowing species a large share of resin.

5. INVOLUCRATA. INVOLUCRED.

Periclymemim rectum, salvia folio rugoso minore bullato, /lore albo. — .
Sloane, v. 2, p. 81, t. 194, f. 2. Frulescens, Joliis cordato ovatis,
floralibus orbiculatis ; fioribus sub-carneis, — Browne, p. 268, L. 3.

Leaves opposite, and tern, rhomb-ovate, blunt, wrinkled, tomentose ; stem un-
armed, heads squarrose, bractes ovate.

Stem round, woody, branched, scarcely hairy, (Sloane says smooth and seven feet
high). Branches opposite ; leaves petioled, scarcely crenate, membranaceous, rigid,
less wrinkled than in the others above, nerved beneath, tomentose ; leaves seldom or
never in threes ; peduncles short. Spikes rounded ; bractes large, sessile, cordate
ovate, with six or more nerves running in right lines from the centre, all a little exca-
vated their whole length, and tomentose ; calyx very small, whitish ; flowers of the
same colour as the trijoliu, but the yellow colour of the throat soon changes to white.

6. ACULEATA. PRICKLY.

Frutescens spnwaa, foliis ampl/oribus subrotundo ovatis, pedunculis
1, ngissimisjfloribus kermesinis, — Browne, p. 269, L. 4.

Leaves opposite, ovate, sub-cordate, softish underneath ; stem prickly ; bractes
of the heads hnear wedge-form.
Stem ten feet high, an inch and a half thick from top to bottom, armed with long,
stron", reflex, prickles, or rather thorns, for they cannot be torn off without injuring
the wood. Leaves ovate or cordate oblong, wrinkled rugged, crenate. Peduncles long
with fewer and shorter prickles. Colour of the tube of the corolla red ; bonier lemon-
coloured, changing into an orange and sometimes deeper colour. — Medicus. Drupe
berried, soft,, ovate, dark, very smooth, shining ; flesh pulpy, thin ; stone bony, like a
grape seed, thick and blunt above, with two lateral lobules verging downwards,
elongated below into a compressed conical beak ; three-celled, the two upper cells fer-
tile, the lower void ; seeds single ob-ovate, remarkably acuminate downwards, com-
pressed a little, white with a brown area at top.— Gartner.

WILD=

296 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. wild-

WILD-SAGE. VARRONIA.

Cl. 5, OR. I. — Pentandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Asperifolia.

So mimed from Marcus T. Varro, the most learned of the Romans.

Gen. CHAR — Calyx a one-leafed tubular perianth, five-toothed, teeth recurved,
permanent ; corolla one-petaled, tubular, cylindric ; border five-parted, spreading ;
stamens five-awi-shaped filaments, length of the corolla; stigmas four, bristle-
si. uped ; pericarp an ovate drupe, one-celled, inclosed by the calyx, free j seed a
four celled roundish nut. Three species have been discovered in Jamaica.

1. LIXEATA. LINEAR.

Periclymenum rectum salvi.e Jbliis majoribw; obhngis mucronaiis

subtus villosis altcrnatim sitis /lore et fructu minoribus. — Sloane, v.

2, p. 83, t. 194, f. 3. Fruticosa foliis rugosis ovatis sub-hirsutis ser*

ratis alternis, capitulis subrotundis. — Browne, p \~2, t. 13, f. 2.

Leaves lanceolate, marked with lines ; peduncles lateral, growing to the petiole,

spikes globular.

Browne says this plant seldom rises above three or four feet • Sloane describes it as a
tree, with a whitish wood and blackish bark. The leaves are lanceolate, attenuated at
both ends, on small pedicels, and indented about the edges, whitish underneath,
where they are somewhat woolly. The brandhesare slender, crooked, and intermixed ;
the peduncles are axillary, supporting many flowers in bunches,

2. CURRASSAVICA. CURACOA.

Peridymenum rectum, sahite folio rugoso majore oblongo bullato, fiirs
albo, fructu iongwre. — Sloane, v. 2, p. 81. Assurgens sarmentosa,
foliis et capitulis oblongis. — Browne, p. 172, V. 2.

Leaves lanceolate, spikes oblong.
Stem shrubby, a fathom in height, upright ; branches and branchlets rugged ferru-
ginous. Leaves petioled, ovate-lanceolate, rounded at the base, having a blunt point
at the end, sub-serrate, nerved, wrinkled, rugged above, tomentose beneath. Spikes
terminating, upright, an inch long. Peduncle short (on the branchlets) thick ; flowers
clustered, sessile, biggish, white ; calyx inferior, bell-shaped, somewhat ventricose,
slightly five cornered ; corolla longer than the calyx ; filaments from the middle of the
tube, hirsute at the base, anthers ovate ; style longer than the corolla, cloven to the mid-
dle, and the two segments cloven, thickish at the tip ; drupe roundish, placed on the
calyx and half covered by it, scarlet, one seeded. — Swartz. Sloane says the plant rises
frequently ten or twelve feet, having a very handsome head, known in many parts of
Jamaica by the name of Jack in the bush.

3. BULI.ATA. STUDDED.

Leaves ovate, veined, and wrinkled, spikes globose.
This is a shmb, a fathom in height, warted ; with round rough-haired branches;
leaves petioled, alternate, scattered, acuminate, doubly serrate, rugged ; flowers clus-
tered in little roundish balls ; peduncles terminating and axillary, shorter than the
leaves, rugged ; corollas small, white, larger than the calyx, the five parts obtuse, cre-
nate, erect ; calyx bell-shaped ; anthers whitish, bifid at the base ; germ superior ;

drupe

wit** HORTJJS JAMAICENSI9 a$7

drupe scarlet, one-seeded. Native of Jamaica in dry coppices near the sea, flowering
in spring. — Sitartz.

Wiu>-Si«NNA. — See BarTjadoes Flower-Fence.
Wild-Spikenard. — Sec Vervain.

WILD-TAMARIND. MIMOSA.

Cl. 23, or. 1. — Polygamia moneecia. Nat. or. — Lomentacete.
Gen. char. — .SVeCacoons, p. 137.

arborf.a. tree.

Acacia arborca maxima non sphiosa, pinnis major ibusjlore albo siliqutt
contortacnccineaventriosaclegantissima. — Sloane, v. 2, p. 54, t; 182,
f. 1, 2. Fruticosa erecta inermis, cortice cinere«, flonbus laxe con-
globatis, spicis plurhnis cpmosis (erminalibus, foliolis minimis bipiii-
natis. — Browne, p. 253, M. 9.

Unarmed, leaves bi-pinnate, pinnas halved, acute, stem athoieous.
There are two kinds of this tree, the red and the white, from the colour of their
woods, which grow abundantly in most parts of Jamaica, and are considered good
timber-trees. They arc lofty spreading trees, with upright trunks, making a very
graceful figure ; the red kind has a rough dark-coloured, scaling, bark, the white
>moutli and ash-coloured : Swartz describes the red kind as follows " Branches
diverging, bent down, smooth; partial leaves twelve- paired ; universal petiole round,
striated; ferruginous pubescent; partial petioles also ferruginous; glands roundish,
concave, between the petioles ; scalelets bifid, minute, at the base of the partial
petioles ; pinnas sixteen or eighteen paired, halted, subsessile, acute, entire, smooth.
Spikes pedunclcd, sub-globular, composed of aggregate, sessile, white flowers :
peduncles axillary, slender; corolla three times as long as the calyx, with a five-
toothed border of a whitish flesh colour ; filaments monadelphous, twice as long as
the corolla, legume sub-cvlindric, curved, twisted, red, four or five inches lon<r;
valve blood-red within ; seed spherical, shining black." Both these trees make
excellent boards, the red especially, which is beautifully grained, and takes so good a
palish as to appear like mahogany ; making a very handsome floor. The seeds are
oblong, smooth, of a shining black colour, and appear when the pods open and become
twisted, forming a beautiful contrast to its fine scarlet colour inside. Both these
trees grow to the same size, and havemuJi the same appearance, but the flowers of the
white kind are yellow ; the pods flat, jointed, twisted, and the seeds are hard, glossy,
half white and half blue, making very beautiful beads. The foliage of the white is
more dense than that of the red, and the timber is neither so hard nor so durable as
the other. The leaflets of the white kind are broader and larger than those of
the red and very differently shaped, being in the form of little, round-cornered parralel-
lograms with a diagonal nerve, by which they are attached at one corner to the
common pedicel ; the largest nearly half an inch long and a quarter of an inch wide
from twelve to fourteen pairs ; the pairs at the point and base are smaller, artd of an
ovate figure. The leaflets of the red are one third more in the number of pairs on the
Vol. II. P p same

->S HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

W1LL>-

tame space than those of the white, there being; frequently twenty-four pairs on each-
common pedicel, they are ovate-lanceolate, about one-third of an inch long and one
eighth broad at the base, tapering to a point. The leaves of both are alternate and con-
sisting of from ten to twelve pairs of pinnae, altogether about a foot long and nine
inches broad.
See Cacoo.ns, Cashaw, Gum-arabic, Inga-tuee, Nephritic-tree, Sensitive-plant.

WILD-TANSEY. 4MBROSIA.

Cl. 21, or. 5. — Monwcia pentandria. Nat. on. — Composite.
Gen. char. — Male flowers compound, common calyx one-leafed ; corolla one-
petaled, trifid, funnel-shaped; receptacle naked: Female calyx one-leafed,
entire, the belly five-toothed, one- flowered ; no corolla ; nut of the hardened ca-
lyx one- seeded.

HLATIOR. TALL.

Ambrosia elatior foliis 'arlemisix ^ atrovirtntibtts, aspen's, odoratis, vein
lanugincsis — Sioane, v, l, p. l _ 5. tirectaramcsa.jciiis ph.niuriam
divisis, laciniis crenato scnali>, racemis paniculutis ternunatibus. —
Browne, p. 339.

Leaves pinnaiifid ; racemes panicled, terminal, smooth.

This is ail annual herbaceous plant, from two to three feet in height," upright,
and branched ; leaves bipinhatifid, with a very long point, nerved, wrinkled, somewhat
hirsute. Racemes composed of opposite branches, from four to six inches'in length,
fax, rather erect. Male flowers more numerous, approximating, nodding'; common
perianth five-toothed, cup-shaped, with very mifrute florets' in it; proper extremely
small, five-cleft ; corofla five-parted, the size of the caij x ; with ovate acute segments ;
filaments five ; anthers oblong ; the rudiment of a pistil rive or six smaller flowers in the
ray, their calyx five-cleft, their corolla consisting of five linear petals, no pistil, germ,
nor pericarp, but an upright, thick, pellucid" style, with a pencil-shaped stigma. Fe-
male flowers fewer, sessile, from three to six, a :i jatle ; no calyx except the minute
lanceolate leaflets between the germs; germ oblong, angular, style, two.- parted, stigmas
recurved, simple. Native of Jamaica, in barren^ sandy, and1 rocky, situations^ by river
.sides, in the southern part of the island, flowering from February to June. It has the
appearance and taste of wormwood. — Swartz. A single plant has been observed to
overspread a little rising bank of sand, twenty feefin diameter, h is common on the
dry sandy banks of large river courses, where :h i mould is washed away l>v the floods :
Browne savs it is a powerful Vulnerary and resolutive in baths and fomentations. Bar-
ham gives this the strange name of Oak oj Cappadi eta, and speaks of it as follows. "It
hath a strong, striati ', woody, solid stem, as big as one's little finger, {trowing about
three or 'our feet btgJT. Its leaves are cut and divided just as mug.vort leaves, but are
a little larger, of a very dark-green colour above, bat Underneath more pale ; and upon
the top twig come out a great many small muscous flowers, of a yellow colour, set close
together as in others of this kind. The fruit is an echinated or rough husk, just like the
fruit oitribulus ; and the seed is like grape-setd. The whole plant has a very strong

smell,

VII.D-

II CRT US JAMAICENSIS. 29».

9

.jtiell, like the others of this kind. Thfere is a notion Qf this herb, that if it be put under
the stck's pillow, it foretells death if he sleep n it. Boiled in cer^ilim, that is, sesamum
an! burnt .vine, an 1 applied to tne pare affected, it cures empyemas and abscesses of the
stomach* b; lore they ripen, especially if the juice be drank with honey ; made into a
,.:. bister with horehound, it cures the cramp or spasm ; with honey, eaten fasting, it
cures the dropsy. The root, boiled in the above-said oil, takes out freckles or spots ;
boiled with eacpa-nitf milk, it cures ulcers, and so doth the bark powdered and sprinkled
upon thc:n ; it eases after pains."

WILD-WORMWOOD or BASTARD FEVERFEW. PARTHENIUM.

Cl. 21, o*. .5 — Moncccia pentandria. Nat. or. — Nucatnentaeea.
Gen. char. — Common calyx a five-leaved simple perianth, spreading ; Compound co-
rolla convex ; hermaphrodite corollets mam in the disk -females five in the ray, scarce-
ly surpassing ttifc others : Propel" corolla of the hermaphrodites one petaled, tubular,
evect/snlbotb, five-cleft ; felmaies one-petaled, tubula-, ligulate, oblique, blunt,
roundish : gtamensin til :h rmaphrodites live capillary filaments, anthers thickish ;
the pistil has a ger,rn scar ryable, a filiform style, and two filiform stigmas ;

there is no pericarp, cal.x unchanged : seeds in the herm iphrodites abortive ; in the
females solitary, turbinate-cordate, compressed naked ; receptacle scarcely any, flat
ctiaffs seperate the florets, so that each female has two hermaphrodites behind.

HYSTEROPKORCJS. CUT-LEAVED,

Siib-hirsuiuin ramosum, foliis multipUciler incisis, floribus tennina-
libus. — Browne, p. 340.
Leaves compound- 11111 llifid.

This well known plant grows wild in almost every open field in Jamaica. Barham calls
it Milkwort, and says " There is an herb in Jamaica called mug-wort, that grows in all
or most of the poor grounds in America ; nay, after a piece of ground is thrown up,
bein» worn out bv planting, commonly the first weed that appears is this. It is full of
branches, which "are covered with small white flowers ; its leaves are very much jagged
or ranged like rag-weed'. In Jamaica it is called wild wormwood ; the Spaniards call it
corbo sang& I saw, in the year 1723, a very great cure performed upon -a jew, who,
after a fever an i ague, hail a violent inflammation and breaking out with sores on both
his legs, which could not be cured by rttrysic', nor any ointment in the apothecaries
shops ; at last he was advised to corbo $anta, to make a bath of it, which he did, bathing
twee'a-day ', and in three or four days he was perfectly well, all his sores healed up,
and the inflammation gone, with the great pain that attended it. This I was an eye-
witness to." — 1-iarlutm, p. tQ6.

A case of the good effects of worm woo 1 is related in the Columbian Magazine, for
1798, page 52S. The trial of the bath was recommended to a mr. W- — — ms, who had
Ion"- lingered under 'excruciating torments of a virulent breaking out over the loins and
posteriors, which had baffled all the medicines of the shops. He was treated with the
mu<Twort bath agreeable to dr. Barnaul's directions, and, ort the third day's bathing, the
ciost flattering symptoms took place, and in the course of a week or ten days, a perfect
cure was effected. The scars however remained as a lasting proof of the virulence of
die disorder, and the efficacy of the remedy.

P p 2 Another

ioo IIOKTUS 3 A MA1C E K SI S. ' trn.i.Lowv

Another Writer in the same publication, after highly praising the virtues of this plant,;
states the following cases : '•' a negro1 man, much addicted to ardent spirits, worn down
with venerea! taints, and fraught with mercurial poison, had languished under the pains
and penalties ur' a large and virulent ulcer on one of His legs, for the space of two years and
upwards, with nit receiving any benefit whatever from the pills and plaisters of the doctor,
or the regulations of his owner, who spared no expence or trouble to effect a cure, as
lie was a valuable servant. Notwithstanding all his endeavours the negro's habits of
intemperance operated rather to extend and establish the case than otherwise ; he was-
1 'sides so neglectful of cleaning the ulcers that they became fly -blown, and their stench
ti'iii\ offensive. Thus circumstanced, recourse was had to the corbo santa ; and with'a
success unparal Idled '. The ulcers were edged with fungous flesh, to which blue-stone
water was applied; afterwards the cofbo santa bath was resorted to ; tlieii t.e component
leaves were bruised into a poultice and applied in the usual manner. His drink was
lignum vita? decoction ;. his food ground provisions ; and he was interdicted spirituous
liqjiors. Altera trial, of three clays' the most favourable symptoms appeared, and, in
four weeks from the hist application, the ulcers were perfectly healed and covered
over, lie continues sound and hearty without any return of eruption whatever. This
account cai be attested by many respectable persons. Another of my neighbours
having had his housekeeper laid up with a white swelling, accompanied with an erup-
tion of virulent pimples, in the knee, occasioned originally by a luxation or diffusion of
the cap downwards, which caused intense pains, and exhibited symptoms, according to
lie doctor, o( a highly dangerous nature, was prevailed upon to send her to town for a
time, that the medicines might be regularly and conveniently administered, but after
the stay of a month she was sent back as incurable, and in a much worse state than be-
jbre she went. She remained for some days after tier return in agony and despair,
when fortunately the sovereign efficacy of the wild wormwood was mentioned, which
was immediately procured, as it abounds every "here, and its virtues tried, when the
luost favourable alteration took place, and the swelling and inflammation subsided, ami
the girl recovered to perfect health and strength."

WILLOW-HERB. LYTHRU.M.

Cl. 11, or.. 1. — Dodecandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Calycanthaiia

This generic name is derived from the Greek word for purple, on account of the
colour of the flower.

Gf.n char. — Calyx a one-leaved, cylindric, striated, perianth, with twelve teeth
alternately smaller; corolla six oblong petals, bluntish, spreading, with the claws
inserted into the teeth of the calyx ; stamens twelve filaments, filiform, the length
of the calyx ; the upper ones shorter than the lower ; anthers simple, rising ; the
pistil has an oblong germ ; stvlc awl-shaped, the length of the stamens, declined ;
stigma orbiculate, rising; the pericarp an oblong capsule, acuminate, straight, two-
celled or one-celled ; seeds numerous, small. Four species are natives of Jamaica.

1. PAHsO'nsIA. pahsons.
Herbacea, Join's pi at is oppositis, fioribtts singular ihus foliis adalteru-
trum latus iiilcrpcsiti-s. — Browne, p. 199, U 81, f. 2.

Leaves

cili.ov- noirrus jamaicensis. s®i

' ''•• • - o'ppe :u\ ova! ; flowers alternate ; six-stamened, sessile ; stem diffused.
]!,->oU ii..; '.in ; stem prostrate hr creeping, branehedj round, slender, seldom ex-
cqeding,teii or,fpurtee;i niches in length; branches only towards the top, simple,
alternate, filiform, spreading, sub-flexu >se, round, pubescent, Leaves small, oblong,
i cute, quite entire, smooth on both si les, nerved, on very short petioles. No stipules'.
Flowers axillary, especially at the top of the stem, solitary, small, pale red ; calyx
i telling a little at the base, oblique, smooth, the mouth having from six to ten teeth ;
petals waved ; stigma slightly bifid, pubescent, white, ; capsule t>vo-celied, opening by
the calyx, being longitudinally cloven in front ; seeds from lour to six, fastened by a
pedicel to the middle of the receptacle, roundish, brown. Native of Jamaica, flowering
the whole year. — Swarte. This little plant grows pretty common in Ciarcndon-park
and is sometimes found in the Savannas about Spanish-Town. It rises from a small
fibrous root, and shoots in an oblique direction, but seldom exceeds ten or fourteen"
inches in length ; the stalk is slender, and throws out a few small branches towards the
t >p. The leaves are small and opposite, and the flowers rise single from the interme-
diate space between the leaves, <n the one side or the other, but seldom or never in
both. I have called it after dr. Parsons, who has published a treatise on the sseed of vegeta-
bles, and many other curious remarks on different parts of Natural History. — Bn wne*

£?. MELANIUM. •

Uerbaccum redinafum, foliolis ovatis oppcsiti>,fioribus singularibus ad
alas alter nets. — Browne, p. 215.

Leaves opposite, ovate, flowers alternate, mostly ten-stamened, stem prostrate.

Stem about a foot high, sub-divided, ascending, roundish, rugged ; leaves petioled,
large, acute, quite entire, nerved, somewhat rugged ; flowers peduncled, solitary, ax-
illary, larger than those of the preceding species, purple . The calyx has from six to
ten teeth ; petals ovate, deciduous; filaments eight to ten, short, inserted below the
Middle of the tube ; anthers cordate ; stigma acute ; seeds four to six, fastened to a pe-
dicel, emitted by the bursting of the calyx, ovate, compressed; distinguished by the
ulternate situation of the flowers. — Swatl.Z. But is not that circumstance common to
to this and the preceding sort ? Native of Jamaica in cane-pieces. Browne says he
found this vegetable among cane-pieces at Lindas, and says " it is a weakly plant, with
a slender stem, well supplied with branches towards the top, and having a disagreeable
sharp smell, which approaches much to that of guinea- hen weed, but more subtile, and
less perceptible when placed close to the nose. The leaves and flowers are much like
those of the pay son ■sin, as well as the disposition and make of the capsules, but that,
plant does not branch so much, nor has it any thing of tiiis smell."

3. CUPHCEA.

Erecta foliolis cblongo-ovatis, oppositis ; fioy ibus spicatis tcrminalibiis,
Browne, p 216.
Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate-oblong, somewhat rugged, flowers twelve-
stamen ed
Root fibrous, annual. It has a delicate, slender stalk, round, upright, ten or twelve
inches high, pubescent, purple ; branches few, alternate, simple ; the whole plant is
extremely viscid or clammy all over. Leaves quite entire ; flowers lateral, on very
«h.»rt peduncles, solitary, tfecuaibent ; calyx twelve-streaked, six-toothed, the upper

tooth.

30* HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. winter-

tooth wider ; petals unequal, the two upper ones larger ; nectary a reflex scale, within
the prominent part of ihe calyx ; stamens twelve, unequal by insertion, eight co-
ordinate a.nd of the same shape, four smaller in two rows, the two upper ones villose ;
anthers roundish ; capsule oblong, one-celled, covered by the calyx, cloven along with
it, and then boat-shaped ; the receptacle with the unripe seeds, coming forth and rising,
in order to ripen the seeds in the open air. — Linneus and Browne.

4. CIUATUM. CII.1ATE.

Leaves opposite, petioled, ovate, smooth, ciliated; racemes terminating, flower*
mostly pointing one way, ten-stamened ; stem shrubby. — Sw.

WINTER-BERRY. PRIXOS.

Cl. 6, or. 1. — Ilexandria moncgynia. Nat. 09.'.*— uuffto'snt.

Gt'N. nun. — Calvx six-cleft ; corolla one petaled, wheel -shaped ; stamens six fila-
ments, with oblong anthers ; the pistil has an, ovate; germ, ending in a style and
obtuse stigma; berry roundish, six-seeded ; seeds solitary. Swartz uncovered one
species in Jamaica.

MONTANA. MOUNTAIN.

Leaves ovate-serrate, shining on both sides.
Trunk from twenty to thirty fee} high, with an even brown bark ; branches sub-
divided,almost upright, round, smooth ; loaves alternate, acuminates! I oth end--, serrate
en the whole margin, serratures remote, acute, nerved, smooth, an inch and a half long,
stiffish, when dried of a dark livid colour. Petioles short, round, s;;iooth. Peduncles axil-
lary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, half an inch long, filiform, ewnrrp da little,
three-flowered or three-parted ; pedicels one-flowered ; Bowers small, white : calyx six-
cleft ; segments small, ovate, convex ; corolla divided almost to the base into six parts;
segments (State-lanceolate, spreading, bent back at the tip ; filaments- iiis< rted b< tkeen
the divisions of the corolla ; anthers roundish, bifid at the base ; ge'nd roundish; superior ;
style very short, thick, permanent; stigma suh-capi irate, depressed; roiled back at the
edge, snVscxrid. Berrry I Imrtly six-cornered, small, umbilicated with the stigma, black
when ripe ; seed oblong, compressed, shining black. Native of Jamaica in coppices on
the highest mountains. — Sward.

WINTER-CHERRIES. PHYSAL1S.

Cl.. 5, or. 1. — Pcntaiidria mcnogy.nia* Nat. or. — Luridtv.

This generic name is derived from the; Greek word for bladder, the calyx being
much inflated.

Gen. char. — Calyx aone-leafed perianth, ventricose, h • f five-deft, small, five-cor-
nered, with acuminate segments, permanent : corollaone pi taled wheel-shaped ; tube
' very short, border hajf live-cleft, urge, plaited ; si gniei.is wide, acute : stamen^ five
I awl-shaped lilamei is, vny small, ( on\ lergjng ; anther? erect, Converging ; the pistil
has a roundish germ, a filiform style generally longer than thestarneiu ; and blunt stiu^

■1 * 13, -l^

ma .

wolf's- 1IOKTUS JAMAICEtfSIS S0»

ma: the pericarp a sub-globular berry, two-celled, small, within a very large in*
dated, cloned, five-cornered, coloured calyx; receptacle kidney-form, doubled;
seeds very many, kkhiey-form, compressed. One species is a native of Jamaica.

ANGl'LATA. ANGUIAR.

Solatium vesicarium erectum, solani vulgaris Joliis, — Sloarie, v. T, p.
233. He9Me"ea major) foliis etfrucibus singularibus, ad divarica~
tiones superiores. — Browne, p. 176.
Very much branched, branches angular, smooth ; leaves ovate, toothed.

Stem straight, the thickness of the little finger, three-cornered below, fonr-corncre 1
above, as are also the branches, which come out obliquely f/oin top to bottom in alter-
nate order, and are thicker at the base. Lower leaves wider aad rouiktea than those
about the middle of the stein ; and these larger than . those of the branches, deeply
toothed or jagged, like those of common goose foot, smooth. Flowers five-cornered,.
of an extremely pale yellow colour, witli spots of a darker yellow at die base ; stamens
short, purple, with oblong anthers of a dusky blue colour. Calyx -of the fruit swelling,
pendulous, oblong at first, but rounder afterwards, green, frequently streaked with dark
purple at the angles, which are so little apparent in this species that the bladder seems
to be rcm'ncrish. ""The fruit, when ripe, rills the bladder and bursts it; tfie stem and
leaves smell disagreeably when handled. — Dillenius. The stem is hollow, rising three
feet hi.di ; the leaves have inch long footstalks ; peduncles half an inch long ; bladders
red. It grows by the Rio-Cobre, m wet place's about the town. The fruit is eaten,
and tastes like European. winter-cherries. — Sloan e. This plant is common in most of
the low and moist lands "of Jam kica. It has a shady foliage, ana always bears a simple
leaf and (lower, or either of them, at each of the upper divisions of the plant. The
berries have been generally i i ■'■ \l upon as diuretic ; and may be deservedly esteemed
so in over-heated or febrile habits,, for they have a gentle sub-acid taste, joined with a
light bitter, which render them very agreeable to the palate in most iurlainmatory cases.
The fumes of the plant while yet pretty succulent, burnt with wax, and received into
the mouth, has been observed to kill the worms in and abjut the teeth, and to ease tlie
tooth- ache. — Browne.

Winter's-Bark. — See Cinnamon, Wild.

WOLF'S-CLAW. LYCOPODIUM.

Cl. 24, or. l. — Cryptogamia miscellanea. Nat. or. — Musci.
Gen. char. — Fructifications in the axils of the scales, digested into oblong imbricate
spikes or of the leaves themselves, sessile. Capside kidney-shaped, two-valved,
elastic, many seeded. Veil none. Four species have been found in Jamaica.

1. DICHOTOMUM. DICHOTOMOUS.

Ramosum erection maximum, Joliis setaceis patentibus. — Browne, p.
84.

Leaves scattered, linear-acuminate, open, stem declined, assurgent, forked ;
branches spreading ; fructifications scattered.

Tfce

304- HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. wood

The large club-moss or wolf's-claw is a mossy plant frequent in all the mountainous
and shady parts of Jamaica ; it throws out a good many strong branches, rising common-
ly from one to four feet, but is apt to lodge when it grows so luxuriantly, and then
shoots many smaller roots from every part of the trunk and branches that lie contiguous
to the ground. — Browne.

'2. PJLUMQS.UM. FLUMED.

Selago, I. Ranlosum repens et radiculosa, spicillisquadrutis. — Browne,
p/s3.
Leaves two-rowed, imbricate, gibbous one side at the base ; superficial ones semi-
ovate, ciliate, with a small tip ; shoots nearly erect, forked ; spikes terminal,
sessile, square,

3. TAXlFOttUM. YEW-LEAVED.

Leaves scattered, eiuht rowed, linear-lanceolate, flat, quite entire, spreading;
stem erect, forked.- — Sia.

4. SQUARROSUM. squarrose.

Leaves sjub-vertacillate, every where reflected, inferior, squarroseV, rigid ; stem
forked, pointed ; capsules scattered. — Su\

WOOD-SORREL. OXALIS.

Cl.. 10, OR. 5. — Decandria pentasynia. Nat. or. — Gritinalcs.

Gen. char. — Calyx a five-parted perianth ; corolla five-parted : i reus ten canil-
lary filaments with roundish anthers ; the pistil has a fivc-cornere I gertii) arid fiy -
styles with blunt stigmas ; the pericarp a five-celled, five-cbrnered, capsule^ open-
ing at the corners ; seeds ariled. One species is a native of Jamaic i.

STRICTA. STIFF.

Trifolium acetosum corniculatum lutciim minus repens el ctiam pre-
cumbens. — Sloane, v. 1, p. 18. Cattle erec/o runwso, pedunculis
multijioris. — Browne, p. 2Z\.

Sem upright, leaflets ob-cordute, peduncles umbelliferous, petals quite entire.
Hoot perennial, creeping, round, putting out capillary fibres at the knots, branched.
Stemsfromthc root as it creeps'along several, roundish, slender, somewhat villose, pur-
plish, finally branched, half a Foot high and more1, upright, but beirfg weal, often jyin«
down) annual. Leaves alternate, a few sometimes bppoMfce, temate. Petiole) springing
from a joint, margined in front, rotin I, villose, spreading, from two to fbap inches long,
flaccid; leaflets' 'sub-petroled, somewhat hirsut'.: on both sul hs, with decumbent hai
and green, ciliate, scarcely half an inch long. Peduncles axillary, jointed at the base,
round, villose, upright, about the same length with the leaves, having from two to se-
ven flowers m an umbel, with a penicei often branched ; leaflets of the inv ilucre several,
ciliate, and somewhat hirsute. Calycine leaflets lanceolate, sharpish, somewhat hirsute,
ciliate, pale green, erect; corolla twice or thrice as long as the calyx, sub-cainpanulate,
yellow; claws upright, border ob-ovate, very obscurely eniargiiiatt: and very spreading ;

filaments

WOhjn HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 305

filaments connate in a cylinder ; interior toothless, equal, having a very few capitate
hairs at top, in other parts smooth ; outer smooth ; anthers oblong, incumbent, yellow;
g Tin oblong, hirsute, pale green ; styles almost equal, hirsute with simple hairs; capsule co-
lumnar, sharpish, hirsute, five-cornered. Swartz observes that it varies with a stiller and
v, eaker stem, upright or declining. It is very common in every partof Jamaica, and from the
form and manner of growth of its leaves is frequently called Three Hearts shrub. Tin
\ tole plant has an agreeable acid taste ; Sloane says the juice takes out spots in linen.
Bruised and mixed with a little fine salt, and the juice squeezed through a fine rag, it
will take oft' films, funguses, or proud flesh, from the eye, if two or three drops ait:
dropped in twice a-day, which assists in clearing the sight. Browne says it is a plea-
sant cooler and diuretic (in decoction or as a salad) formerly administered in inflamma-
tory cases ; and which may be ordered in cooling and other diluting infusions.

WORM -GRASS. SP1GELIA.

Cl. 5, OR. 1. — Pcntandria monogynia. Nat. on. — Stellate?.

This was so named in honour of Adrian Spigelius, professor of anatomy and surgery
at l'adua.

Gen. char. — Calyx a one-leafed perianth, five-parted, acuminate, small, permanent ;
corolla one-petaled, funnel-shaped ; tube much longer than tiie calyx, narrowed
below ; border spreading, five-cleft ; segments wide, acuminate; stamens five sim-
ple filaments, with simple anthers ; the pistil has a germ composed of two globes,
superior ; style awl-shaped, length of the tube ; stigma simple ; the pericarp a
twin capsule, two-celled, four-valved ; seeds numerous, very small There arc
only two species, one of which is cultivated in Jamaica, and is thought to have been
originally imported from tiie Spanish main.

ANTHELMIA.

Quadriphylla, spicis tevninalibus et c cetitro/rondis. — Browne, p. 156,
t. 37, f. 3.

Stem herbaceous, uppermost leaves in fours.

This is an annual plant with a fibrous root, from which arises a strong, erect, her-
baceous, hollow stalk, a foot and a half high, channelled, sending out two side branches
opposite near the bottom, and a little above the middle four acute-pointed leaves,
placed in form of a cross ; these and also the principal stalk, have four smaller leaves
near the top, placed round in the same manner as the others ; and from these arise short
spikes of herbaceous flowers, tanged on one side of the footstalks, which are succeeded
by roundish twin capsules, containing small seeds. — Martyifs Diclkniary.

This vegetable has been long in use among the negroes and Indians, who were the
first acquainted vvirh its virtues ; and takes its present denomination from its peculiar
efficacy ; which, I dare affirm, from a great number of successfal experiments, it does
in so extraordinary a manner, that no other simple can be of equal efficacy in any other
disease as this is in those that proceed from these insects, especially when attended
with a fever or convulsions. The method of preparing this medicine is as follows : viz.
you take the plant roots and all, either fresh gathered or dry, two moderate handfulls,
and boil them over a gentle fire in two quarts of water, until one half of the liquid i.s
Vol. II. Q q consumed.;

306 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. worm-

consumed ; then strain off the remainder av.d add a little sugar and lemon juice, to give
it a more agreeable taste, and keep it from growing viscid or clammy. It may be, how-
ever, observed, that the decoction is sometimes clarified, and sweetened, and is then
equally efficacious ; which gives a hint to have it made into syrup. The common me-
thod of administering this medicine is to a full grown person half a pint at the hour of
rest, and a proportionate quantity to all weaker and younger subjects, which is to he re-
peated once in twenty-four hours, for two or three flays after; but as the largeness of
this dose may render its operation too violent, and the use of it both unsafe and
precarious, I would recommend the followin • method as less hazardous and as effectual :
Give about four ounces to a full grown person for the first dose, ami about two or three
every six hours alter, if its anodyne quality will permit, but to persons of a weaker con-
stitution, it should be repeated only every ten or twelve hours ; this is to be continued
for the space of thirty-six or forty-eight hours, when the double dose may be again re-
peated ; and after this takes its full effect, it must be worked off with some gentle pur-,
gative, such as the infusion of senna or rhubarb, with manna, &c. This medicine pro-
cures sleep almost as certainly, and in an equal degree with opium, but the eyes seem
(listen Jed, and appear bright and sparkling, as they generally do before the emotion of
the small pox and measles, after the sleepy effects are over. In a short time after this
first dose is administered, the pulse grows regular and begins to rise ; the fever cools ;
the convulsions, if any, abate; all the symptoms appear more favourable; and the
worms are generally discharged in great quantities, by the use of the subsequent pur-
gatives, if not before; often above one hundred at a time ; but, when a few only, come
away, and those alive, which seldom is the case, the dose must be again repeated, and
this scarcely ever fails. I never knew the medicine ineffectual when there was the least
probability of success ; nay, I have often found it serviceable when there was not the
least reason to expect it ; I have been however e; utious m ordering it for children ; for,
though I never knew it at all hurtful, its effects upon the eyes are such as frequently
deterred me, especially as their fibres are weakly and more sensible of irritation- and
the fevers arising from this source, on such subjects, seldom so violent as to hinder the
administration of some other medicines that may prove equally as effectual when the
symptoms are not too urgent — Browne. Granger observes that this powerful vermi-
fuge, incautiously administered, has proved mortal. In Dancer's Medical Assistant,
the infusion of the herb is recommended, dose two table-spoonfuls to children four or
five years old : expressed juice, one table-spoonful to the same ; and it is observed that
too large doses are narcotic and dangerous, and should never be given to children under
two years old. The Cowitch therefore seems to be a much more innocent, 4and equally
powerful worm medicine, consequently in almost every case deserving of preference.

WORM-WOOD. ARTEMISIA.

Cl. 19, or. 2. — Syngcncsia pclygamia super/hi Nat. or. — Composite,

Gen. char. — Common calyx roundish, imbricate ; receptacle sub-villose, or almost
naked ; no down ; no corolla of the ray.

ABSINTHIUM.

Leaves compound, multifid ; flowers sub-globose, pendulous; receptcale villose.

This

wound- HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 307

This plant was first introduced to Jamaica from Europe, and has since been cultivated in
most parts of the island, but thrives best in the mountains,whereitisoften observed to grow
as luxuriantly as in most provinces of Europe. It yields an active lixivial salt, an oil,
and a conserve, which are commonly kept in the shops ; and is a principal ingredient in
a compound water, to which it gives its name. It is a wholesome buter, and much used
as a stomachic, in vinus and other infusioons. — Browne. Wormwood is a moderately
warm stomachic and corroborant. An infusion of the leaves, with the addition of fixed
alkaline salt, is a powerful diuretic in dropsical cases. It is used as a vermifuge ; for
which purpose it is both applied to the belly, and taken in pills made with crumb of
bread. This plant powerfully resists putrefaction, and is made a principal ingredient
in antiseptic fomentations The ashes of wormwood afforda more fine: alkaline salt
than most other vegetables excepting bean stalks, broom, and the larger trees; "Clothes
are preserved from moths by laying bundles of dried wormwood among them. The
wormwood, like all plants, is fullest of juice while in the shoot, but fullest of virtue
when they have ther seeds on them.

WOUND-WORTH. AMF.LLUS.

Cl. 19, or. 2. — fyngenesia pohigamia superflua. NaT. or. — Composite.

Gen. CHAR. — Calyx imbricate ; coroltets of the ray undivided ; down simple ; recep-
tacle chaffy. One species is a native of Jamaica.

UMBELLATUS. UM BELLED.

Solidago. — Villosa incana ; Joins ovatis oppositis, caule assurgentt',
sub-nudo, tripartita ,- poi ibus sub-umbellatis. — Browne, p. 320, t. 33,
f. 2.
Leaves opposite, three-nerved, downy underneath, flowers umbelled.
This hasan herbaceous upright, simple, round, hairy, stem, two feet high, or at most
two feet and a half; leaves at first radical (afterwards the stem is naked at bottom) peti-
oled, wedge-shaped at the base, somewhat decurrent and serrate, nerved, smooth,
dark'green, white and soft beneath ; upper stem leaves on short petioles, smaller. The
stem "towards the top is generally divided into three branches, each of which is snb-
divided into many small flower-branches, forming a sort of umbel. The umbelules
have from three to eight flowers, with linear leaflets, from two to four, under them.
Peduncles an inch long, each sustaining one large yellow flower ; scales of the calyx
'iisceolate, membranaceous, hoary ; hermaphrodite corollets fewer in the disk, funnel-
shaped, with a reflex border ; females in the ray numerous, linear, blunt, bifid; seeds
to all the flowers ob conical ; down sessile, simple, hairy ; receptacle hirsute not bristly.
It has the habit of tussilago, and would be of that genus if the down were stipitate, and
the receptacle naked. — i&wartz. This beautiful and uncommon plant is a native of the
cooler woods and mountains ; its taste is acerb, and it should be a fine vulnerary ; it
leaves a sweetening on the palate, not common in plants of this class. The leaves are
pretty large, growing chiefly at the bottom of thes talk. — Browne. It flowers in summer,

Ximenia. — See Seaside-Plum.

Qq2 YAMS,

SOS II OUT US JAMAICENSIS. yams

YAMS. DlOSCOREA.

Cl. 22, on. G — Ih'acia hcxa-vdria. !\ \t. OK.—S'armen!ace,?.
So tinmen in honour of Pedicious Dioscorides, supposed to have lived in the time of
Nero, and author of a Treatise on the Materia Medica.

Gf.V. chXr — M !e calys a one-leafed hell-formed perianth, six-parted; division!
1 inceolate, srireading at top : no corolla, unless the ralyx ; stamens six capillary fi-
laments, very sbort,Nvith simple anthers : Female calyx a perianth as in the male;
t»6 corolla 5 the pistil has a very small three-sided germ, three simple styles, and
Simple stigmas ; the pericarp.is a large triangular capsttle, three-celled, three-
Viilvcd : Seeds in pais.-., compressed, girt with a large membranous border.

I. SAT'.VA. cultivated.
FthibiUs nigra, radiee tuberosa compressa maxima digitata Jarinacea
csculrntajolio cor da to neivoso. — Sloane, v. 1, p 14o.

T.cr.res cordate ; alternate; ste^n even, round.

This is commonly called negro yam, which has a round, smooth, slender, climbing,
Btem, rising to the. height of fifteen or twentj feet, when supported, the lower part of
the .stem somevi hat prickly : the leaves cordate, having three, lour, or five-, longitudinal
Veins) they are alternate, dark green above, paler below, and rise from pretty long
round footstalks, from the baie of which come the branching spikes of flowers, which are
small ; the capsule is ob-ovate, leathery, three-sided, compressed into three wings, ac-
companied in the middle with a very narrow partition, to the inner edg< of which the
seeds are fixed ; these are irregularly triangular or roundish, and of a brownish red cu-
Vmr. The roots of tlii^ vine grow to a very large size, frequently weighing ten or eleven
pounds, and form a very valuable article of food either boiled or roastel. There are
two kinds of negro yam, known by the names of cassada-yani and man- yam, the latter is
considered tbe best, as being of a mealier better taste, and drier texture, but is not so pro-
ductive ; it is easily distinguished from the former by the stringy fibres which overspread
jts skin, which is smooth on the cassada-yam. The inside of both these yams is white,
of a viscous or clammy nature ; when roasted or boiled they are meally like apotatoebut
of a closer texture, tliey are a very pleasant and nourishing food, in much este« m among
the negroes. When this yam is dug, a small piece of the top is cut olFand left upon the
vine, which is carefully moulded up, and in three monthsit produces another yam, com-
monly called the head, from which the plant is propagated, by cutting it into pieces, taking
care to leave an eye on each cutting, by which they germinate. These are planted on
little hillocks of earth dug about two feet distant from each other, generally two plants in
each hillock, from January to April, and the yams are fit for digging in August, Septem-
ber, and October. In each hillock a pole is planted six or tight feet long, for the vine
to run upon, and a field of them has much the appearance of a hop-garuen. Unless
the vine be supported it is thought that the yam will be dwarfish. These yams will not
keep for any length of time out of the ground, and should therefore be only dug as they
may be wanted for use.

There is a variety of this species which grows wild in many parts of Jamaica, and com-
mon in Liguanea mountains ; the root of which is so bitter as to prevent its being eaten,
unless in cases of great necessity. It is yellow within, of a depressed form, having i.$
edges dented as it were,

2. ALK7L

YAMS. HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 309

1. AI.ATA. WINGED.

fWub.'/'s nigra, radice alba out purpurea marimat tubsrosa, esculenta,
farinacca, caule membranuiis extantibus <i!<i!o, folio cordato nt rvoso. — •

Sloane, v. 1, p. 139. Fuliis cordatis caule tereti aculcato buivifae — .
Browne, p. 359.

Leaves cordate; stein winged, bulb-bearing.

Ibis is called the white or bockra-yam, and has a square st^m,' climbing like the for-
mer, having at each corner a pale reddish membrane. Le ves it) shape rcsdmbiiug
those of the others, but opposite and much larger in every, respect, alternate, on long
square membranaceous petioles; three or four large nerves on each, side tue midrib,
with transverse veins between them. Peduncles axillary, an im ti or n ore in length,
with small flowers of a yellowish green colour. Tins is propagated by cutting the yam
into pieces, taking care to leave a piece of the skin on each niece ; and planted in the
same manner as the negro-yam, they may be planted from April to June, anil are (it to
<!i;_r in January and February. They are a much mure delicate and agreeable food than
the other, and, on account of their lightness an I easy digestion, are prcfered to bread by
many inhabitants of the West-Indies. There are several kin Js of them, distinguished
principally by the size and shape of the roou ; all of which, il well dried in the sun, and.
covered with ashes, will keep well in a dry situation fur many months. Care however
should be taken not to bruise or wound them in digging, il they are intended for keep-
ing any lime ; although these wounds soon heal up and harden, if covered with ashes
and exposed to t'ne sun, when they will keep as well as the others. In packing them,
ashes should be strewed between the layers. Thev are generally known by the name of.
white- vain, from the superior whiteness of their inside.

The red or purple yam appears to be only a variety of the white, the stems, leaves,
p.ud manner of growth, being exactly similar ; only that the whole of them have a red-
dish colour. The yam is also of a light purple colour inside, and the skin deep purple-
This also keeps equally well with the white kind, but is of a coarsi r texture, though of
an agreeable saccharine taste. It is very pro luctive, and bears weii on shanuw or marly
soils, whereas the other requires a rich, u^ep mould.

3. T:.IL03A. THREE-10BH>.

Leaves three-lohed, stem smooth.
This is known by the i>ame of Indian Y .m in Jamaica. Stem square, membranaceous •
leaves three-lib 'd, the middle lobe tin largest, tin are alternate Ori Jong win °ed pe-
dicels. This is the smallest ami most delicate of ail the ■ ams ; il seldom exceeds et«-ht
or tvine inches in length and two or three in diamet< r, but general \ mailer ; thev are
planted from cuttings, which are very pro luctive, each plant producing five or six jams,
or even, more, branching from the plant on all sides in a;eircular ord r, t. ey art of a por-
phsh colour outside, and have a j.lea»aiii sweetish tas.., very a^iccaUc to must palates.
They do not keep well.

4. ACUL^ATA. ACTLEATF.

Leaves cordate, stem prickly.

Stem prickly, twining, round, much branched ; leaves broad, rom-ftf hearr-sbiped,
acute-pointed, pale green ; leave** Uaw-cwvtu vix tiMM triue, «ili tb« B&res pcoleeding

ix

310 IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS. yellotT-

in a more arched direction than in the others from the footstalk to the point of the
Jeaf ; they are sometimes opposite, sometimes alternate, on long round pedicels. This
yam is called the Afou yam, which is planted and hears at the same time as the white,
also from cuttings ; it is of a smaller size air! its inside is of a yellow colour, and tine dry
meally texture; its skin has a hitter taste winch slightly pervades ttie whole yum ; this does
not keep well out of the ground.

5. OPPOilTIFOLIA. OPPOSITE-LEAVED.

Leaves opposite, ovate, acuminate.

Stem round, smooth, twining; leaves cordate, acuminate, opposite, petiole;! ; flowers
androgynous ; calyx one two or three simulated squamnise ;coroha -ix-subulated, patent,
erect, petals, arising from the margins of the germ, and three times the length of the
stamens, which are six short- subulated filaments, with ad hereutdidymous globose an-
thers ; the styles are three, patent, reflex, sulcated ; germ oblofig ano trigonal, with a rib
at each angle. This is called Guinea Yam, from th.e'p Ian ts havingbeen first brought
from Africa ; it bears a yarn much resembling the negro yam in taste and consistence.

C. BULBIFERA. BULB-BEARING.

Leaves cordate, stem even, bulb-hearing.

Stalks slender, somewhat woody, twining, smooth ; leaves""cordate, opposite, on long
petioles; flowers androgynous. The negroes call this kind Ac^m, and they cultivate
it on account of the fruit it bears on its stems; which is very irregularly shaped, of a brown
colour, rough skin, about the size of lri^ii potatoes, which it much resembles in taste,
either roasted or boiled.

It is thought that all these species of dioscorea have been originally imported into Ja-
maica, with the exception of the wild variety of the saliva, which i> the only one found
in the island not in a state of cultivation. They now form a principal article of tood lor all
classes. Barham says the juice of thedeaves is good against the stings of scorpions j
aud that they make a good fomentation for ulcers.

Yaw-weed — See Indian-Mulberry.
Yellow-Balsam. — See \\ ild- Rosemary.

YELLOW-SANDERS. HUDSONIA.

Ci. 11, or. 1. — Dodecandria monogynia. Nat. or. — Bicorncs.

This genus was so named in honour of William Hudson, author of Flora Angelica

Gen. char. — Calyx three or five-leaved, three parted, tubular ; no corolla ; stamens
fifteen, anthers roundish ; capsule one-seeded, three-valved, three-seeded; seeds
-rounded angular.

arborea. TREF.

Cucurhitifea arborjoi Ic, foliis sub-rofundis confertim vascen/ibus, ra-
vmlorum eit)tm,iutibas tumidis. — Sloane, v. 2, p. 17(3, t. 228, f. 3.

Leaves ob-ovate, thtck, fleshy, terminal, peduncles solitary ; flowers in globose
racemes.

This

rEf.r.ow- HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 3ll

This tree wag mode a species of Huclsonia bv mr. Anthony Robinson, although it ap-
pearsfrom the following description, in his manuscript, to belong to the class decartdria;
he calls it Yelloio-Saunders or Mountain IV Id Olive. " Calyx a rampanuiated perianth,
obscurely quinquedentated, inferior, deciduous; there is no corolla; the stamens are
ken filaments, subulated, alternately shorter, inserted'into the base of the calyx and
scarcely longer than it ; anthers didymous, obiohg, erect • the pistil has an inferior ob-
long germ, subulate style, as long as me stamens, and acute stigma ; the pericarp is a
sub'- ovate smooth drupe, six-angled, unilocular; the seed an ovate-oblong nut, furrowed
kexaniiiilar. The negroes of Liguaneacall this tree Negressee, and use the decoction of
its bark to cure venereal taints. It is a beautiful arborescent, an 1 grows to the height of
sixty or seventy feet, covered with an ash-coloured bark, somewhat rugged. The
branches spread horizontally and terminate in slender twigs, which are divided into a di-
chotomous or trichotomous manner. At their extremities are placed divers leaves, close
together, of an oblong ob-ovate form, upon short pedicels, of a shining yellowish green
above, little or nothing glossy beneath. In July, the buds in the centre of the leaves,
which are of an elegant russett, covered with a down of the s me, begin to germinate,
and, as these increase, the old leaves and fruit drop gradually off, and le tve a tuberculated

1>art in the twig, on which remains the vestige of the leaves. Immediately above this,
>elow the new leaves, are produced from two to four simple peduncles bending down-
ward, placed vertically from half an inch to three-quarters of an inch in length, covered
with the same kind of down. At the extremities of these grow main very small flowers,
which, before the tups are open, look not unlike a small green black berry. The cups
which form the cluster being round, smooth, um\ placed close together, yet each is set
on a very short peduncle, tit whose base is a tril'nl bractea or stipule, covered with down
externally, but concave and smooth in the inside, where it embraces the peduncle. The
fruit is a drupe, the pulp has a bitter astringent taste ; the bark is also bitter, astringent,
with something balsamic intermixed. The blossoms appear the latter end of August,
and the fruit continues all the year, till thrown off by the young buds, it is of a dull yellow
colour, marked with six angles, the shell very thick, hard to break, and marked with the
same numbers of ridges and furrows as the fruit. It appears by its make and taste to
approach nearly to the Fellow Myrobalanus-oi the shops. It nearly approaches the
Buceras of Browne, which Linneus calls Bucida. It agrees nearly with the characters of.
Bucida."

The wood of this tree is of a vellow colour, is durable, and has a close smooth grain,
which takes a go:; J polish ; it is frequently used to make bedsteads and other furniture,

See Ouve-Bakk.

YELLOW- THISTLE. ARGEMONE.

Cl. 13, OR. X.—Polyandria monogyma. NaT. or. — Rhceade<v.
Gen. char. — Calyx a three-leaved roundish perianth, leaflets roundish with a point,
concave, caducous; corolla six roundish petals from erect spreading, larger than
the calyx ; stamens numerous filiform filaments, the length of the calyx, with ob-
long, erect, anthers: the pistil has an ovate, five-angled germ ; no style; stigma
thickish, obtuse, reflex, quinquefid, permanent; the pericarp an ovate capsule, five-
angled, one-celled, half-valved ; seeds numerous, yery small j receptacles linear,

fasteaed

313 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. yeli.oW.

fastened to the angles of the pericarp, not gaping. One species is a native of Ja-
maica.

MEXICANA. MEXICAN.

Papaver spinosum — Sloane, v. 1, p. 196. Spinosum succo lutco tur-
gidinn — Browne, p. 244.
Capsules six-valve:!, leaves spiny.
This is an annual plant-, rising to the height of one or two feet, the root small and fu-
siform ; the stem is eyiindric, aculeated, priekled, and sends out alternate branches.
Leaves sinuate or jagged, soft, shining, stem-clasping, the points of the jags ending in
sharp yellow spines ; on the upper side are milky veins, on the under are small prickles
along the midrib and veins. F.owers solitary, at the en !s of the stem and branches ; co-
rolla of a beautiful yellow colour, with from four to sis petals ; the calyx consists of two
or three prickly leaves ; stigma capitate, small, with five noiches, or as it were reflected
back into five divisions ; capsule superior, pentagular, prickly, having five or six ribs,
open at top, with a hard thread-like substance proceeding from its angles, and ad united
at the summit; seels very numerous, small, round, black, rough, or like network,
with a compressed scar on one side. This plant grows wild in every part of Jamaica,
and is common in the streets of Kingston and Spanish-Town. All parts of the plant
abound with a milky glutinous juice, of a line bright yellow colour, turning black when
exposed to the aii-, and which reduced to a consistence is hardly distinguishable from
gamboge : for which reason Long supposes it may probably have equal efficacy in drop-
sies, jaundice, and cutaneous eruptions. Browne says the juice is esteemed very deter-
sive, and generally used in diseases of the eyes; and the infusion looked upon as a su-
dorific and resolutive, which may be used with success on many occasions The seeds
are said to be a stronger narcotic than laudanum. Browne observes that they are thought
to be an excellent remedy, and frequently a Immistered, in diarrhoeas and bloody fluxes.
They have a pungent taste, which does not manifest itself for so ne time upon the pa-
late, and work both by stool and vomit, and have been often administered in the dry
belly-ache; but we have much safer and better medicines for both these disorders,
though this may be given with success, when the parts are relaxed or weakly, or the dis-
order Droceeds from indigestion. — Browne. Long remarks -that the seeds might, on
some occasions, be used by smoaking, after the manner of tobacco, and produce the same
effects as opium, which some stomachs cannot bear in the smallest dose. A decoction
from the leaves of the flower has been recommended for throwing out and filling the
pustules of the small-pox ; it is likewise given in fever to promote perspiration A de-
coction ol the leaves is considered as a good application for abatit.g inflammations in the
eyes, and is used with success in bathing ulcers, which are cleaned and healed thereby.
Sweetened with sutiar, and drank warm, tin-- decoction affords immediate ease in stran-
guries arising from the effects of blisters. The leaves bruised an . a few drops (it lime-
juice sprinkled on them is a good cataplasm f>r uicers. Barbara speaks o( the qualities
of this plant, as follows : " The whole plant is milky, but of a yellow colour ; which,
mixed with woman's milk, and flroppe I into the eye, clears the sight, and takes off spots
or films: It may he for this reason it is called argtmonc. It also wastes fun trusses or
proud-flesh. The distilled water, with tlie tops of wild tamarinds, makes a good eye-
water The fruit or iiead is called figo del interim, or fie;is iafernaiis, and well it may,
for it contains seeds enough to send any that should take them wilfully to interna,
being much stronger than any opium, as was lately discovered in Jamaica in the follow-

ina

vild- HORTUS JAMAICENSIS 313

ing manner : A negro man who had ran away some time from his master, lived by steal-
ing of stock ; one night he came to a sheep-pen, where there was only a poor old negro
man to look after it, to whom he said, he must have a sheep to-night ; the old man not
being able to resist him, gave him good words, and asked him to smoak a pipe, which he
filled for him, putting in a quantity of the seeds of this plant, and, before he had smoked
out his pipe, he fell into a sound sleep, not easily to be awakened ; upon which, as the
old fellow knew very well the effect, he ran to a neighbouring pen, and getting ropes
and assistance, they secured him before he was thoroughly awake ; and when he was, he
cursed and swore, saying the old fellow was an obtah man and had bewitched him. I
saw a fat steer drop down dead of a sudden, fetching two or three staggers, foamed at the
mouth, and died immediately : I ordered them to cut his throat ;. and, after opening
him, in his stomach were found several handsfuit of the seeds of this plant, which I sup-
posed killed him." — Barham, p. 152.

The late dr. Affleck, who frequently administered this medicine, in the course of his
practice, with great success, says in a ietter to a friend " Dr. Barham's description of the
virtues of the poppy is different lo what I have experienced. About twenty years aco
a gentleman of the faculty had a severe attack of the dry belly-ache : after using several
medicines to little purpose, he desired an emulsion to be made with two drachms of the
poppy-seed, eight ounces of water, and a little sugar, of which he took a table spoonful
every half-hour, after the third dose the violent pain and retching abated, the fifth dose
brought on a composed sleep for two hours, succeeded by a plentiful evacuation, about
that time the dry belly-ache disappeared. Ever since I have used it in complaints of
the bowels, and found it a safe and mild purge, and kept it in the shop under the title
of Pupaver Errat. American."

Zezegary. — -SVcVa.nglo.

TEC

Vol. II. R r OMISSIONS

OMISSIONS AND ADDITIONS.

VOLUME FIRST.

PAGE 7 — After the article Adenanthera, insert, " This is known by the name of
Grand Anther or False Flower Fence : In Jamaica, where it lias been pretty generally
cultivated, and has thriven .well, it has been called Circassian pea-tree, from the beau-
ty of the pea, of which necklaces are made, which, on the trees first producing fruit in
Jamaica, scld for a very high price."

Page 9. — After the article Akee, insert, " The method of dressing the white
lobes of the Akee is to lay them a few minutes in salt and water, then scalding them in
boilin« water, and frying them with butter. They are also a pleasant and wholesome
ingredient in soup. 'The negroes in Guinea eat the fruit raw. The husk lathers and.
washes like soap."

The following plant, discovered in Jamaica by Swartz, should have followed the
Akee :

No English Name. - ALCHORNEA LATIFOLIA.

Cl. 22, OR. 13. — Diarcia monodelphia. '■

This was so named after mr. Stainsby Alchorne, apothecary of London.

G f.n. char. — Male calyx a three or five-leavec! perianth ; leaflets ovate, concave,
equal, coloured, deciduous: no corolla: Stamens eight equal filaments, scarce
longer than.the calyx, slightly connate at the base; anthers ovate, upright; pissil
a rudiment. The female calyx is a one-leafed perianth, four or five-toothed,,
teeth equal, small ; no corolla; the pistil has a superior twin germ, two very long
filiform styles, with simple acute stigmas ; the pericarp is a berried capsule, two~
seeded, two-celled, tvvo-valved ; the seeds are solitary, large, oblong.

Page 20. — After the article Anchovy-Pear, insert, " The wood of this tree has
been found to split easily and to make good light staves and heading for sugar hogs-
heads. They grow to a considerable size, and mr. A. Robinson mentions one that he
measured, near six feet in circumference, the leaf better than four feet in length
and one broad. Its mode of vegetation is this : as the nut lies upon moist ground, the
kernel protrudes a root from one end, and gradually elevates it, while the plume rises

Rr2 from

316 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

fiom its other end and displays the leaves. The tree is often seventy feet high. The
flowers are frequently five segments, and the stamens are connected towards the base,
the outer ones the largest, decreasing to the inner edye. The branches grow very up-
right and are few in number ; the leaves are also few, agreeable to an old observation
that the larger the leaves the fewer they are ; and no tree has larger or fewer leaves
than this."

PagelX. — After line three insert " The Andromeda Jamaicensis is a most elegant
shrub, when in (lower, it grows chiefly in barren gravelly soil, and sometimes rises to
the height of sixteen or twenty feet."

Page 24. — After the article Antidotf. Cocoon, insert <: The late mr. S. Felsted,
who paid much attention to the virtues of plants, recommended the fo lowing mode of
using these kernels for a pain in the stomach : Grate one or two kernels, after clear-
ing them from the shell and skin which immediately covers them : Infuse this in about
half a pint of boiling water, and, when nearly coot, strain off the oction, adding a
table spoonful of old rum or brandy. This quantity is to be taken warm at one or two
draughts The oil of the cocoon, extracted in the same way as from the common oil
nut, by boiling the pounded kernel, hardens like beel fat when cold. This has been
used with success in the gout, by embrocating the aii'ected part ; it is also good for other
aches and pains."

Page 26 — \fter Artmma TrNT-H.n, add "The corolla Ts rotated, thrice the length
of the perianth, bardlv anv tube, the limb divided almost down to r. : base into five
equal, ovate, patent, reflected, segments. The flower is beautifuK The berry is one-
celled moist and smooth ; it has the calvx fixed to its base, and the style on its apex,
containing a globose hard seed, in a reddish sweet pulp. It blooms early."

Page 32. — After the article Arrow-Root, insert "An eminent physician in St.
Domingo cured the dropsy, in obstinate cases. by nixing small doses of James's powders
in arrow-root gruel, and making the patient drink >! lily a decoction of chaw-stick. The
arrow-root, given in decoction or powder, except that it wants the purgative quality,
is nearly as efficacious in fevers as James's powders, and. in pleurisies, as snake-
root, and has been prescribed with success in fluxes. — \ gentleman who had a
number «>f rabbirs, lost the greater part of them by a mortality with which they were
attacked in a severe wet winter'; after trying different experiments, without effect, be
gave them daily, a parcel of the roots of the maraiHa, which they at:* greedily, and the
mortality ceased Hogs arc voraciously of this root."

Page :'.?. — After the article AvOCADO-Pear, insert, " A fine oil is obtained by
bruising Avocado Pears and boiling them, which has been found a good lamp oil.
This tree is said to grow well in Old-Spain."

Pace 51.- — Line six from bottom, after de peradix, insert. "The roots are said to
dye a scarlet-colour. There is a variety of the Barbadoes Pride, the flowers of which
are entirely yellow."

Page 57. — After the article Cl-'srs StCYOIDES, insert, '; This ;-, known by the name
of Wjld Yat\i, it lias a biting pungent taste, like that of arum, but dwells not so long
upon the tongue. The leaves .bruised in water will make it lather like soap. A P.o-
binson says he observed another species which he distinguishes thus, " Irsiola scan-

deris

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS. 517

dens foliis cordtitu tn'fidis vcl pentafdii rugosis baccis, m'gris majoribits 7'accmosis.''
This seems to he an annual plant,, the leaves divided like those of the common vine,
nnd the stems also furnished with tendrils. The berries are as big as a middling grape.
It crew at Longville in Clarendon mountains, depressed and umbilicated. The seeds
are four and like those of the grape."

After the article Bastard Bryony, in above page, insert, " The different species of
Cissus are all said to be great cleansers of foul niters, and seem to consist of penetrating
parts. The vivacious qualities of the Sicyoides are surprising. When they wind them-
selves round trees, and when the stems have been cut from the branches as high as a
man could reach, in order to destroy them, yet the branches thus cut oft' have protruded
a number of slender red tender si rings till they have reached the ground, though at
seven or eight feet distance, and have taken root."

P(tge 58. — After the specific character of Bumelia Montana, insert, "This is
called Red Bully Tree, very common in the woods of Jamaica, which grows to a very
iarge size and" is an excellent timber-tree. It is very branchy towards the top,
branches irregular. The leaves are of a shining green above and pale below,
scattered, irregular, sometimes opposite, sometimes alternate. The flowers arc clus-
tered, axillary, sometimes lateral, standing on long one-flowered footstalks, eight or ten
together, small, wbite, and, of an agreeable scent. The leaves are about three inches
long, and half as broad, elliptic, obtuse at the point, sharper towards the pedicel
T;hp twigs of the branches scattered, alternate. This timber makes excellent scantling
and boards, the latter of which, however, are apt to split in nailing, if not carefully
bored; it lasts well either in or out of the weather. The bark has a bitter astringent
taste, similar to the powder of Peruvian bark, for which it is thought a good substitute.
It contains a miiky substance when fresh."

Page 6.5. — After the article Bastard Ipecacuanha, insert, " The^foliowing mode of
preparing the juice of this plant is taken from the manuscript of mr. Anthony Robinson,
which, he says,mav be given with great safety as a worm medicine, tochildren, beginning
with a tea-spoonful : Take the leaves and bruise them in a mortar, then strain off the
juice, and clarify it over the fire, adding a little salt to it. In dry weather it is much
'stronger than in moist, and ought therefore to be given in less quantity. This medicine
ou'tIu however to be given with great caution, as there have been instances of its prov-
ing fatal. As a styptic the (lowers have been used after being preserved in rum."

Jyage~4. — After the article Bastard Sensitive, add the following species, which
was introduced into this island, from the East-Indies by David Brown, ?♦]. I), ol Port-
Royal, a gentleman who has devoted a great deal of his leisure time to the pleasing
-study of botany. This plant has been pretty generally cultivated, and has thriven well
in lowland situations, but does not succeed well in the mountains :

COCCINEA. SCARLET.

Stem arborescent, leaves pinnate; leaflets numerous, linear, obtuse, dusty ; le-
gumes compressed, equal.
This is a very beautiful tree, either with or" without flowers, and of quick growth,
rising from theseeds twenty feet high with a stem three inches and a halt in diamcte . .
in twelve months. The leaves are frequently more than a foot long, when they have
from twenty-two to twentj -lour pairs of beautiful long-oval leaflets, without an odd
one, the longest about two inches long and. nearly three-quarters of an isch broad,

dark

318 HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

dark green above, and pale green below, of a soft texture. Tlie leaves and branches
are alternate and set at pretty equal distances, and, at the ends of the branches, there
are generally eight or ten young leaves growing close to each other, and making a very
handsome appearance From the axils a single peduncle conies forth, divided into
two,, each of which bears a large awd beautiful flower of a pale red colour, variegated
with dark purple. The legume is flat and often eighteen inches long. It is a native of
the East Indies.

Page 86. — After the article Betel Nut, insert, " In Grose's Voyage to the East-
Indies (Edition 1772, v. 1, p. 237) after describing the nut of the Areca, he adds, " but
1 would not advise any one to taste it green, since it affects the animal spirits so power-
fully, that, instantaneously as it were, those who are not used to it fall down as in a
trance. It is true they recover presentlv, and without any ill consequences."

Page i<6. — After the article Bitterwood, insert, '• Dr. Lettsom recommends bitterr
wood in hysterical atony, to which the female sex is prone, as it affords vigour and re-
lief to the system, especially when united with the vito iolum album and still more with
the acid of some absorbent. In dyspepsia, arising from hard drinking, and also
in diarrhoeas, the quassia is recommended,"

Page 1-58. — -After the article Cashaw, insert, " The following is recommended as an
effectual receipt for curing a horse that has eaten Cashaws : Take one pint of rum,
one table, .spoonful and a half of salt, two wine-glassfuls of gum guaiacum and myrrh;
all to be well. mixed .in a pint of water, and given to the animal as a drench, which
.should be repeated until relief is obtained. Exercise should be used after the drench."

Page 227. — Add the following exports ot Coffee :

i, lbs. coffee.

From SOtli September, 1809-, to 30th September, 1810 25,885,235

1810, 181 I 17,460,068

181), 1S12 18,481,y86

Page 260. — After the article Date Plum, -insert, " The date plum is also known by file-
name of Wattle-Prcc. It flowers in October and November. Some have both male
and hermaphrodite flowers, and others contain them separate. The blossoms of all
grow from the axils of the leaves. The fruitis spherical, four-celled, and is eaten by
nggroes."

Page 279. — After the article Ebony, mountain, insert the following :

No English Xa m c. EC L I PTA .

Ci.. 19, or. 2. — Syngenesia polygamia superflua. Nat. or. — Corymbiferce.

This generic name is derived from the Greek word for imperfect or deficient.

Gen. cfiar. — Common calyx many leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, nearly equal, in a
double series : compound corolla rayed, one of the rays most plentiful, female \.
of the disk hermaphrodite; Proper of the hermaphrodite tubular, four-cleft, up-
right, outwardly nieally ; in the females very narrow, ligulate. Stamens, in the
hermaphrodites, four .very short filaments ; anther uylindric. Pistil, in the her <
maprodites, lias an oblong germ, a middling style, and a two-cleft, spreading stig-
ma; the pericap the unchanged ealyx. Seed in the hermaphrodites oblong, comr

nrei

HOTITUS JAMAICENS'IS Z19

- ^pressed, notched, obtuse, unarmed ; in the females three-sided, oblong., notched,
obtuse, unarmed ; receptacle Rattish chaffy ; chaffs very narrow.

SESSII.IS. SESSILE-LEAVED.

Stem erect, leaves slightly embracing, ovate, toothed; flowers axillary, sessile,
discoid.
This is an annual plant, discovered in Jamaica bv Swariz. This genus is distinct
from vobesinam having' (bur-cleft corollcts, and unarmed seeds; and from cotulain
having a chaffy receptacle.

Page 317.— Line six, after Hughes, p. 42, insert, " A dose of salts is previously re-
commended to be repeated in four days. The Gurnet worm will then generally appear
at tne extremities, shewing its head at first like a pimple, Which; Us H skoats forth should
be wound round a quill or som'-ihing of the same size, and gently drawn, until pam is
felt, taking great care not to break it ; which is to he occasionally repeated until the
whole is extracted. The body of this animal is generally about the size of an oznabnrgh
thread. A length of six err eight niches has been obtained sometimes at one winding :
A negro who had one break out near the ancle, had also a wie higher up on his leg,
and it was curious to observe, while the worm was drawing, ho,v its body passed alo.ig
the bottom of the sore."

The quantity of black-pepper is deemed rather small, double the quantity is better.
A table-spoonful of the mixture has been given morning and evening with great suc-
cess,, which increases the appetite, ancTifrip roves flie appearance of the patient very
much.

Page 318. — After line eighteen, insert, c{ On examining the flower of the Crateva
gynaiulra, the lacuna of the perianth were lanceolate, and at the base pi each was placed
a large nectareous gland, in length the breadth of the lacinia ; in the inter-spaces are
placed the petals, of a laneeolated form also, and bending till on one side ; the sta-
mens were all united at the base, forming a short tube encircdng the germ, in number
twelve to fourteen, all inclined on one side contrary to the petals. The base oi the cup
with the glands formed adeep hollow nectaritun ; the peduncles were slender, erect', an
inch and a half long, having each a large gland and an acuminated small stipule at us
base."

Pige 3S8. — At the end of the page, insert, " The Jaack Tree when at full growth has
;the inner wood of a beautiful yellow colour, a few chips of it put in a bason of water
gave it a fine yellow tinge, in which a piece of shirting, dipped all night, became of an
orange colour ; and perhaps the tree might make n valuable dyewood."

Page469. — After the article hibiscus elatus, insert, '•Thevariety with red flower, is
called the Blue Mahoe, it is an excellent limber-tree, 'equal to the best hard tinders,
for boards or scantling, which last longer than those of cedar, and they ffo not corrode
the nails which fasten them, though cedar always does. The oilier kind with veliokv
flowers isnot so good a timber wood, nor by any means so duraole. Itisdifficutt to
distinguish the different woods, when newly cut; but it. has been observed, .that the
wood of the blue kind, which is the best, appears purplish when cut with iron, vtincii
the other does not."

Page. 556. — After the article Musk- Wood, insert, "The following new species of
Trichilia is noticetl in A. Robinson's manuscript ; which he calls Bead Built :

Scandenst

320 HORTUS JAMAICEN3IS.

Sc-.mdois, fnliis *itiipl/c;bus ovatis allcrnis, marginibus revolutis fiori-
bus sp'cutis tetrugynous.

The calyx is a monophyllous perianih, coloured and permanent, deeply cut into five
equal, ovate., concave, and patent sections ; the corolla consists of five equal, ovate, con-
cave erectb-patent petals; Ibng'erj throaaer) and more obtuse pointed, than the sections
of the cup ; the stamens are texi, stimulated, erect, free above, and united at their base,
donning a ne ctarium ; they are somewhat longer than the petals and alternatelyshorter; the
pistil has a pyramidal tetragonal germ, the styles short, four in number, erect, subulated,
connivent; the stigmas are simple and obtuse, the fruit a quadiivalvular capsule, ob-
tusely tetragonal, utiilccular, containing four ovate seeds, gibbous on one side and fiat
on the other, black, shining, and decorated with parallel longitudinal striae. The seeds,
are each involved but not entirely in a purple carnous arilla. When the fruit is npe
it is of a reddish purple and shining ; the cups are also red, and, when the valves ex-
pand themselves ; the deep Id.. ck winning tops of the seeds, with the lively purple of
the arillas, exhibit no inelegant spectacle. There are very often but three vaives, in
which case the germ has but three styles. I have classed this plant with the Trichilia,
with which, however, it disagrees in divers substantial points, but chiefly in the number
of styles and nionolocuiar capsules, yet in the germen dissected I observedfour separate
cells, and even in the ripe fruit may be observed the vettiges of a seperating ridge or
septum."

VOLUME SECOND.

lydge 141, — After the article Santa Maria insert the following : An anonymous cor-
respondent) inthe Jamaica magazine for April, IS 1:3, states that " In the year 1 S09 there
was an uncommon scarcity of white oak staves, in toijse'q'ueiiee of the American embar-
go, on which account I directed ten puncheons to he male of Santa Maria, Spanish
Errn, and Gallimento. The Santa Maria being very difficult to split in the usual way,
that alone was sawed to the proper size of staves; those staves, as well as the staves
split from the Spanish Elm arid Galhmento, were dressed and put into a large vessel, ill
which they were boiled for six or eight hours, and permitted to remain in the water af-
terwards until quite cold, for the purpose of detaching the gum and other tenacious
matter which might adhere to them ; after which, when dry, they were jointed and set
up hi trusses, for the purpose, of hooping, &C. &C. When finished, they were with-
out delay filled with rum, and headed up, after which they were for two or three days,
rolled out of the store, to expose them to the sun lor some hours, and were, at tin;
same time, frequently turned over to discover whethert here was any leakage ; the joints,
however, being found perfectly' tight, and being entirely convinced of the sufficiency
of those casks, they were shipped for the London market, after being three or four
weeks filled, at the end of which time there was neither a discolouration of the rum,
nor did it appear to be impregnated with any taste or smell from the wood ; v I I have
the gratification of learning from my correspondent, that each puncheon readied him.
as full as any other puncheon made of white o;ik, nor was the rum in the least injured,
but brought as good a price as any."

CLASSICAL

CLASSICAL INDEX.

in WHICH THE PLANTS NOTICED IN THIS WORK ARE SCIENTIFICALLY ARRANGED, AGREE.
ABLE TO THE CLASSES A.ND ORDERS OF THE LINNEAN SYSTEM

Kete — E after the specific name stands for exotic ; all other plants are indigenous.
The figures with a star preceding refer to Vol. fl.

Genus.

CffRCUMA

Alpinia

COSTUS

Amomum

Maranta
Canna

boerbhaavia

Saucorua

ZOSTERA

LvrMTEM*

Vol. IK

CLASS 1— ORDER I.

MONANDRIJ MO NOG Y N I A.
1. With an inferior fruit, one or three-celled.

Species.

English name.

longa E

Turmeric

*24o

racemosa

Wild ginger

*280

ocadentalii:

Ditto

*281

arabicus

Ditto-

ib

zinziber

Ginger

32J

sylvestre

Great wild ginger

325

armidinacea

Arrow- root

30

indica

Indian-shot

417

2. One-seeded.

■

dijfusa-

Hogweed

376

hiisutm

377

scandens

ib

herbacea

Salt- wort

*136

marina

Turtle-grass

*250

ORDER 2.—

■BIGYNIA.

tnuruoides

None

43?

68

CLASS

522

HOETUS JAMAICENSIS,

CLASS II.— ORDER I.

DIANDR1A MONOGYNIA.

Genus.

CiHtWANTHUS

I'M

G i TIO A

,Tl 3TIC1A

Utriculai I \

Verbena

1! 5MAR1N0S

S \<\w

DlANTHEKA

Pil'l It

f/pecies.

English name.

1. Fdowers inferior,

one-

■petaled, regular.

incrassata

Snow-drop tree.

*lt*

'oieers inferior, monnpetalous,

irregular. Fruit capsular

officinale

Jasmine

396

sambac

Arahinii jasmine

ib.

monniei ia

Water hyssop

*269

repens

*270

assurgens

.lusticia balsam

1.-. 1

pec/oral is

Garcleti bah arri

is:

armata

ib.

a ci at la > is

ib.

Jiumifusa

ib.

nemo'rvsa

oblusti

Bladder wort

J :

^lowers inferior, •mcnopctalom

, irregular. Seeds naked.

naicensis

Vervain

*257

pi ismiitica

,

*259

lappiilaceu

Styptic or velvet bur

ib.

slcecjictdtjolia

ib.

nodi flora

260

Urficifotia

ib.

globifiora

Wild spikenard

ib.

inalti V.

Ttosemary

*127

officinalis E

Sage

*135

( , < >dt ntalis

ib.

tc ■

I I'-

americana

Balsam berb

ll

coma/a

ib.

ORDEH 3.-

■TRIGYNIA.

atum

Colt's foot

<J£g

pel hi i inn

Ditto

ib.

</»!<■■

Pepper elder

*50

aduncum

Spanish cid<

«31

rotund folium

distac.hyon

vei ticillatum

.'i ;

m- crophyllum

it,.

verrucosi

ib.

qitatirifolium

discolor

PlPF.W

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS,

323

Genus.

PlPFR

Mei.othru

MOR.EA

COMMELINA

HlPPOCRATEA
COMOCLADIA

Species. English name.

geniculatum

/lisp d uiii

nitidu'm

alpinium

his p id a I um

lenellum

amplexicaule

glabeilum

serpens

cord folium

Tniimvattar folium

filforme

stt llalum

i eticulatum

pulckellum

sea brum

CLASS III.— ORDER I.

TRIANDRIA M O N O (', Y N I A.
1. Flowers superior.

pendula Wil I cucuml er

] '. i am None

2. Flowers inferior, not glumocious. Fruit vascular.

communis Commeline

nudi flora.

vol u bilis None

integrifolia Maiden phim

dentata

3. Flowers inferior, glumaceous, like those of grass. Seed, one,

SCHOFVU3

Cyperus

stellatus
restioides
eladium
glomeiatus
effusus
cyperoides
gracilis
setaceis
pusillis
Surinam en sis
articulatus
minimus
monostachyos
fthj'ormis

Bog rush

Ad roe
Sedge

54>

lb.

*55

ib.

ib.

ib.

*56

■ib.

ib.
*57

2b.

ib.

ib.

ib.
*5S

ib.

Ss2

*2«0
511

230

ib

373

475
476

103-

ib.

10*

ib.

ib.

ib.
105

ib.

ib.

ib.

7

*161

&
*163

Genua
Cyperus

HORTUS JAMAICENS1S.

ISCiRPUS

Kyllinoia

Cenchrus

FUIRENA

. Panicum

Aristida

Species

English name

tonfertus

'162

viscosus

ib.

elegans

*%.

odoratas

ib.

t-onipressvs

*lfeS

strigosus

ib.

tenuis

ib.

mutatus

Rush

*132

geniculates

Bullrusli

*133

capitauts

Rush

ib.

lacustris

ib.

autumnalis

*134

Jerrugineous

ib.

spadiceus

ib.

menocephala

None

435

triceps

ib.

filiformis

ib.

cchinatus

Burgrass

126

tribulddes

ib.

granulans

127

setosus

ib.

paniculala

Lofty grass

464

ORDER 2.—DIGYNIA.

1. Calyxes one-jlowcred, uandcring.

se/osum

Panic grass

*J9

colon um

*30

tvizoules

ib.

pilosum

ib.

fasciculatum

*3l

lineare

ib.

nemorosum

ib.

acuminatum

ib.

rigens

*32

Juscum

ib.

laxum

ib.

flavescens

*3S

diffusuin

ib.

orozodcs

ib.

pallens

*U

lanalum

ib.

arundinaceum

ib.

glutiiwsum

*35

(richoides

ib.

divaricatum

*za

vwl/e

Scotch oiass

*154

adsccndens

Bearded grass

St
AlUSTIDA

Semit

Aristida
Paspalum

Milium

Agrostis

Saccharum
Lef.rsia

He lic a

Uniola

POA

AUUNDO

Cynosurus

HOLOSTEUM

MOLLUGO

Calucarpa

W4LLE> IA

HOKTUS JAMAICENSI9.

Species English name.

americana
bicorne
distichum
virgatum
paniculatum
vaginatum
decumbens
filiforme
punctatum
compression
digitatum
panicum
purpurdscens
virginica
officinarum
monandra
hexandra

2. Calyxes two-flowered, wandering.

papilionacea Melic grass

3. Calyxes many-flowered, wandering.

spicata None

Meadow grass

824

81

Running grass

*129

*UQ

ib.

ih,

*13l

ib.

ib.

Millet grass

505

ib.

ib.

ib.

Bent grass

82

83

Sugar cane

*204

None

441

ib.

glutinosa
prelifera.
ciliaris
bambos
tabacaria. var.

Bamboo
Wild cane

4. Spiked, with the common receptacle or rachis hollowed onti,
virgatus Dog's tail grass

indicus

ORDER Z.—TRIGYNIA.

Flowers inferior.

cordatum Chickweed

diandrum

verticil/ata African chickvveed

bellidfolio

CLASS IV.— ORDER I.

TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA*

1. Flowers monopc!aloust one-fruited, inferior,
ferruginea None

None

reticulata
laurifelia

500

*263

499

ib.

50O

42

*279

267
ib.

178

ib.

17i>

ib.

14*

lb.
*266
AEGIPIHL4

.6

Genus

I F PHILA

" — ' - *— —

•» P •. !. IA
Pl.A- TAGO
BUDDLE1A

I.XOP.A

catf'sb;ea
hoffmannia
Ernodea
cooosypsilum

H F.pYOTIS
OLDENLANtIA

Ma~NKETTIA

Spermacocce

11 OPTUS JAMAICENSIS.

Spec,

English na-mt,
Goat friend

Liquorice weed
English plantain
None

Diodia

Samara
Eagara

Ammannia.
Cissos

LtJUWIGlA
POTHOS

elata
J. -i iida
trifida
di i Ids
vwjor
americana
Flowers mo?iepetalous, one-fruited, superior.

americana Wild jasmin

J use culata
mult /flora

parviflora T.iW thorn

pcdunculata None

littoralis Branched spurge

repens None

rupestris Earwort

unifiora None

corymbosa

umbellata E. Ghe or Indian madder

lygistum None

. Flowers monopetalous, dicccccus, inferior.

tenuior Button weed

verticillaius
hirta
villosa
spinosa
simpler
prostrata
iarmentosa
4. Flowers fbur-petaled, inferior,
coriacea None

pterota Savin tree

einarginata
spinosa
acuminata ■

latifolia None

sanguinolcnta

',' 1'lcuirsjour-pdaled, superior.

snyoides Bastard bryony

irifoliata

quadrnvgulatis

a cid a Vine sorrel

repens None

6. Flowers incomplete, inferior.

iiolacca None

None

326
ib.
ih.
45&
*70
\Ji

*.'H5

ib.

ib.

450

ST4-

*.00

205

276

• 17

*18

ib.

435

127
128

ib.

129

ib.

265

ib.

ib.

*137
*146

* 1 17

ib.

d:
19
ib.

56
57
l*.

*262
46C

*9i
RlVlNi

110 TIT-US JAMAICENSIS.

.

Genus

Rivina

dorstenia

CUSCUTA

Myginda
potamogeton

Species

octandra
humitis

co rd (folia

ORDER 2.—DIGFNIA,

americana

English name

Hoop withe

DiCto

None

ORDER 4.

rhacoma
iatifolia

lllCLHS

Dodder

TETRAGYNIA.

None

Pondweed

MlRABlLIS

Plumbago

Heliotropium

CLASS V.— ORDER I.

P ENTAN D R I A MO NOG Y X I A
1. Flowers tnonopelalous, nit trior, one-: ceded,
j ilappa

scandens

Marvel of Peru
Toot!) or lead wort

Borrago

Anagallis

Menyantiies

Spigeoa

ophiorrhiza

Convolvulus

Flowers vionopetalous, inferior, four-seeded, Asperifolire.
indiciim Turnsole

// uticesitm
currassav'icum
gnapha lodes
parviflorum
ojjicinalis E. Borrage

Flowers m-onnpctalous, inferior, seeds inciosed in a vessel.

LtSIANTHJS

pumila

indica

anthelmia

mitreola

carol in as

vcrt4cillutus

umbellatus

quinquefoliuG

r< '/ens

I: leraceoKs

tmnentosiis

polyanthus

bxttatas

brasiliensis

longifolitis

cordifolius

exserlus

l&tifohus

umbellatus

Dwarf pimpernel
Marsh trefoil

Worm »rass
Serpent's root
Bindweed

Christmas p;am'>ol
Sweet potatoes

Pur .
None

ing sea bindweed

■5 SO
3SI
270

265

537
*90

4y7
^234-

*248

*_'49

lb.

ib.

»250

107

276

496

*305

*J70

ss

ib.

89

ib.

ib.

SO

ib.

189

*2 i 9

'107

457

458

ib.

ib.

ib.

Datura

32*

iNipOTlASA
IPOMOEA

Nkhium

F.CHITtS

Pi UM1ERIA

Cameraria

Tabfunjemontana

VlNCA

Cf.kbrba
Ardisia

BtlMELIA

JLairjeria
Varronica

CuRDIA

EllRKTlA

uonrus jAMAiCENsm-

Species

atratnonium
tabacum

qitanwrlit

0 ccnej.
tubt'tvsa
bona nnx
violaced
triloba

pes tignidis

farvxflor-a

oleander E

sub-erecta

b i flora

torulofa

umbel la l a

asperuginif.

f ■ribuiida

alba

rubra

latifolia

august if olia

lanrifi/ia-

disco/ >r

citrifolia

rosea

there tia

tin if olia

coriacea

n gra

re'usa

■pallida

mo a tana

rotunuifolia

salicifolia

lucda

tomentosa

1 in eat a
currassavica
bid lata
co/lococca
macrophylla
tehestena
micranthus
clliptica
gerascanthut
tin if olia
fiourrcria

English nami

Thorn apple

•22C

Toli.icco

•231

Indian creeper

349

ib.

§even ear vine

400

ib.

401

ib.

ib.

402

$outh sea rose

•jsi

Savanna flower

*u*

*14S

lb.

ib.

*146

l&

Jasmine tree

397

Ditto

3"8

Bastard manchioneal

66

67

None

•''22

ib.

ib.

Periwinkle

•so

None

174

None

29

b.

Bastard bully nee

58

ib,

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

None

439

it.

Wild sage

•2-6

Jack in the bush

ib.

ib.

Clammy cherry

197-

Broad leave,; cherry

198

Scarlet cordia

ib.

ib.

199

Spanish elm

•182

Bastard cherry

60

Currant tree

2 5

Jacqum*.

HORTl'S JAMAICENSIS.

52a

Cenus
Jacquinia

FaU WOLF/A

C est cum

ToUftNfrORTIA

Capsicum

PflYSALIS

Atropa
solandra

eHRYSOPHYLI.TTM

SOLANUM

"Macrocnemum
» rondeletia

Cinchona

Spcciet

■arm il tun's
cagfeseens
me-pertitunt
tiirtum
'/un/iihs
hirsutisrima
vo lit bill's
eyniosa
suft'ruticosa
iicolor
baccatwm
atigulata
ci borescens
grandifttira

monopi/renum

i ttgosum

cainito

nigrum

bahamense

melongena

dulcumara

verbacifoliutft

diphyllum

jamaicense

havancnse

triste

tuberosum

lycopersicon

mammosum

4. Fl< wers monopctalous, superior

jamaicense

tritoliata
pi Lisa

thyrsoida

tacemosa

liurifolia
tomentosa

vmbeliala

i'uana

hirsuti

hirta

brachycarpe,

can iobea

Tt

English name

None

S90

None

'112

Poison berries

*78

ib.

Skusketwithe

54

ib.

ib.

55

. ib.

ib.

Guinea pepper

355

Winter cherries

•602

Tree atropa

*237

Peach coloured I

rumpet

flower *1

78 and *242

Damson plum

259

ib.

Star apple

*202

Branched calalu

141

Canker-berry

"152

Egg plant

£79

Nightshade

*9

Ditto

ib.

Ditto

ib.

Ditto

ib.

Ditto

*10

Ditto

ib.

Potatoe

*82

Tomato berries

>-")4

Turkey berries

*245

or.
White-thorn

•2i:>

None

*121

ib.

ib.

*122

ib.

*123

ib.

"J 24

ib.

•125

Jamaica bark

391

Ditto

ib.

CINCHONA.

Genus

Cinchona
Tor plasdia

Lobelia

HOIITUS JAMAICENSIS..

SCiEVdLA
M< HIND A
P,?Yi UOTR1A

COFFEA
ClllOi COCJ

Garoenia

Si HWfi> KFELDIA.

Hamellia

Ekii uaus..

Species

triflora
grandi flora

longijlora
fiissurgens
accuminata
syphilitica

lobelia
royoc

yiyrstiphylluni

ulata
jjubesn ns

marcinula
asiatica
> ■ ■ ■ ea
patella
vliginosa
cori/mbosa
hirsuta
a I 'pin a
jpl :,

nervosa

glubi'ata

involucrata

pa/ens
citrifolia

brachial a.

1:1 ul

iuurifolia
grandts
arabica K.
occidi n talis
racemosa
aodeata
in it is
florida E.
Air/a
ventricpsa
chrysantha
a cilia r is
Jruticosa

English name

Ja'iiiaca bark

393

K"i)c

*91

*92

Cardinal llower

153

ib.

ib.

ib.

None

*148

Indian yialben-y

416

Nunc

"100

*J0l

.

10.

*102

ib.

ib.

ib.

•103

ib.

ib.

10.

lut

ik

i).

ib.

ib.

ib.

*105

lb.

iL

ib.

Caff

213

228

Snowberry

•175

Indigo berry

427

ib.

Cane jasmine

ib.

None

♦150

None

364

ib;

365

Nunu

*.

Flowers

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS

'331

Genus

HtRTFI LA
R.IAMMJS

Vims

Sp-

ecies

Mangifera
Ckdrela

Impat.ens

I TEA
SAL'VAGESIA

Hfdf.ra

C'oNOCARPUS

AciIYRANTHES

PaRKINSOMA

Gf.losla

Illf.cebrum

Heliconia

Cynanchtum
asclep1as

Nama
rochefortia

DlCHQNDRA

5. Flowers tetrapetalous.

americana
colubrinits
to eomphalus
spherospermus
t llip • Us

era E.
indica
indica
odorafa
balsa mina E.
cyriil.i
eta

English name

None
Buckthorn

Grape vine
Jan aica grape
Mango tree
C( d«r tree-
Garden balsam
None
lion shrub

C. 1 towers pentapetalous, superior.

pena Ivy

nutans

1 1 1 eta
racdihosa
asp,1 1 a
altissima
aculeata
;> I "-iculafa
cristata
polygonoides
: ei miculatim

7. Flowers incomplete, superioi
bi/uii
jnitiacorum

ORDER 1.—D1GYNIA.
1. Flowers monopelalous, inferior.

None

Bastard ipecacuanha

Swallow wort

crispiiiorum
ciii rassavica
giganlea
tomentosa
viminalis
jamqicensis
cuneata.
ovata
re pens

Tt2

None
None

None

374
119
120

ib.
ib.

334
393
485
169
315
430

ib.

inn

434

Alder or Button tree

10

ib.

' . me

4

•

id.

■Jerusalem thorn

398

< ock's-comb

206

Dnto

ib.

Rupture wort '

Bastard plantain

69

71

257

63

*217

*2 1 S

■ib.

*1

•119

it'.

264

2. Flowers

S3*

SORT US JAMATCENSIS,

ircnus.

Bfta
GoMPHRESA

Species.

2. Flowers huampldi.

tulj.aris La
glohosa

£n°lish name.

Beet

Bachelor's button

in erritpta
Bosea j/eii'WH. ro

4. Flowers pentapctahus, superior, two seede.&i vmbcllate, with both general

Golden rod tree

81

40

ib.

Ertncium
Hydrocotylr,

partial involucres.

foetidum
7u /■ be Hat 'a
asiatica
euro! a E.

and

Eryngo or fit- weed
Water penny worth
Mountain ilitto
Carrot

Anithitm

Apium

VlBURNtiA;

SP.ATHFtTA

St.^pheua

TtTRNERA

XvLOPHI.LA

Ev>i VUI.DS

ALALIA

Fennel
Dill

Parsley
Celery

None

JJaucts

Without any involucre and scarcely tiny general involucre, and never any par

involucre.

firnicufum E.
graver lens E.
petrattJinum E.
graveolens E.

■ORDER l.—TniGVXIA

1. flowers superior,
xCillofiim

2. Flowers inferior.

rnelopium.

s-niplex

occ;de)Jali$^

uhniiolia.

pumi/a

cistoides

lati folia

angustifolia

apbuscula

inontana

TETRAGYNIJ.

283
*49
*J0-
155

tial

Hog-gum tree
Mountain pride
T^one
Holly rose

fiea-siclc laurel

ORDER 4

Bindweeds

XA»>'iHi>xvwia-

tnummularius

linitolius

sericeous

gangetxus

OU DF.R 5.-~PEXTJGYXIJ.

<irborca Galapee tree

Cap it at a

se <<d phyll'tn*

cluxa kercuitU J? rickly yellow wood

287

ib.

*39

*261

37+

5.4

*J0t

378

3T9

ib.

*154

*155

ib.

ib.

91

ib.
ib.
S2.

313

314,.

ib,

*■■>$
CLASS

HOItTUS JAMATCEKSIS;

~*

CLASS VJ.— ORDER l.

IT E X A N I) Rl A M 0 .V O G Y X T 4.

1. F/orers calyded, furnished both vhh calyc and corolla, but without spathes,
Genus Species English name

B ROM!' LI A

PlTCAIRMA
Til LANBSU

Tunt CANT1A

•LaORANTat'S

Hll.l.IA

Pkinos

ACHRAS

P\VCRATTUM

AMaiTLLIS

Po^TKDERIA

2.

penguin

bmctedtd

ananas

karat as

hromilafofiiff'

ttsneoides

recurvata

W riculatQ

serrafit

iingulata

tenu [folia
~monastachtf€
fasciculate
. nutans

canescens

itvgustijolnt
pr/i iriosa
fanculuta
Jtc i tw*a

setacra
Sanonia
vutltifiora
Cordt/vlitf

discolor

ttmericanut

i/ccntenta/it

parviftcrut

pauciftorus

long i flora

tetrandrtf

tnnntaiia

vwmana

tnautmostt

sapota

Flowers spathaceouSy

cam/'bteuw
belluti na
egurea

&HI1QS&

Penguin

•<•

*49

Pine

*69

Silk grass

*i7S

Scarlet pitenirm'a

*149

Oul man's beard

'19.

Ditto

W.

Ww piae

*ii8&

ill.

%b.

«£87

ib.

ib.

*288

lb.

ib.

ib.

*j89

lb.

ib.

Spider wort

*187

♦ 1SS-

ib.

ib.

MUletee

503

509

510

ib.

None

372

37S

"Winter berry

*3u2

Bully tree

V2A,

Maiumee sapota

+80

Naseberry

*2-

'eous.
Ulj

44ft

Lilv

450

Water plantaia

ȣ7S

*274>4

£.luv&~

Genus.
Allium

Hypoxis

Agave

Aloe

Asphodel

Asparagus
Yucca

HQRTUS J-AMAICENSIS.

Peplis

Thrinas

Oryza

Petiveria

Alisma

Species.

Cscalnnicnm E.
porrum E.
scharnoprassum E.
sativum E.
cepa E.
decumbens

3. Flowers naked*
■ americana
perfoliata
\asphodelus E.
i c nalis E.
glorio'so E.
Jaloefolia E.
(bacons !•',.
JUamentosa E.
telrandra
pa rvi flora

ORDER 2.~DIGYXI.
sativa E.

ORDER l.—TETRAGY.
alliacea

English name.

Eschalot

Leek

Chive

Garlic

Onion

Star of Bethlehem

Coratoe
Aloes

King's-spear
Asparagus

Dagger plant

Water purslane
Palmetp roral

./.

Rice

XJ>/.

Guinea hen weed

284.
285
lb.
315
'22
*202

234
12
35

a.

258
ib.
ib.
ib.

*27S
*27

*117

354

CUPANIA

TtfOPKOl .I'M

C&MBRETUM
RhfxIa

GUMl'A

Amyris

All OPHYLLUS
XlMI'NIA
.< .

ORDER S.—POLYGYNIA.

lia Great- Water plantain *274

CLASS VJIT. — OTIDEIil.

OCT A X D R I A M <> X 0 G Y N I A.

]. Flowers con^pleie.

glabra
majus
vi inns
laxum
acisanthera
leu.ca.ntha
pin- pic
i • An oides
balsamift ra
marrtima
i i- 1
i mm nca
americana
inermis

Loblolly wood

46G

Indian cr< -

4u2

4o3

Red withe

'H4

'

5

6

ib.

Muskwood

-

i. aiulii i.ooJ

]46

i

149

None

i

Sea-side plum

V.

RltUCOCCA.

HOIITUS JAMAICENSIS.

r:j

('CllltS

MCCA

• «

Vai.Ci.\;ltM
Daphne

\

DODONEA

! IIIA

Wfinmanma

P\UI LIMA

(' tRDIOSPERMUM

Sapind s

C'.HCULOBO

E.OLYGONUM

I ' I

i r i'a

mcvia tonale

.'. Flowers incomplete,
h telto
be id ntalis
iinifolia

v '.< ( I

a I, st ■ lia
( R»ET6 2.—PJGFX/J.

glabra

hi i- Id

ORDER ?,.—TRIGrNIJ.

i assavica
jj nnata

dr. . i rfi ata
vie i iciina

n i;i
1 1 ia
ipinosu s

l<\ U i I

%

puncta/o
excortata
leauijolict
v vm

pecs cac'a
bai (nil urn
scandtns

Fngli Ji necnit.
Gsnip-tree

IS i!Hi

Jamaica bilberry
Lace bark tree

Switch sorrel
Aft c

None

318

310

ii>.

3*3

4 6

431

:b.

'■210

*22 l

y

•27 j

*.'7a

Supple jack

*215:
*2 1 6

Heart peas

Soapberry
Licca tree

il>.

368

tf.

*177

■ 4i:;

Bay -rape
Grape tree
( hecquereel ditto

76
77

lb.

Mountain gr
Arsmart

ape

T8

ib.

' ib.

32

Buck wheat

33
121

LAUP09

CLASS IX.— OKDER 1.
E N A" F. ANURIA MONO&Y X I A

f ccs ca

vwntana

e-iiilnita

triandra

r icea

m< i i'n anaccct

fiattlU

Avocado pear tree 37

B;ry tree 73

Ditto ib.

Ditto 79

Ditto ib.

Ditto z'£„

Ditto ib.
Laurus.

S39

SIORTUS JAMAICENSI9.

Genus

tAUIiWS

Species

JEnglish name

pendula

Ditto

•«.

Jioribunda

Ditto

%b.

benzoin E.

Benjamin tree

82

(amphora E.

Camphire tree

144

cinnamomum E.

Cinnamon

191

shlor-xylon

Cogwood

X

?2«

hoi ' bortiii

Sueetwood

*«'2€>

-ieucoxi/lon

s Loblolly sweetwood

ib.

class X.— ORDER 1.

DECANDB'A MONOGYNJA.
1. Flowers polopetalous, irregular.

SOTHOItt.

Bauhinia
Hymenea
Parkinsovia
C^salpima

Cassia

Gtm.ANDIVA

ABEKANTHS.R4

vionosperma

Red bead tree

••its

accidentaiis

ib.

porrecta

fountain Ebony

278

courbard

Locust tree

461

aculeata

.Jerusalem thorn

398

putcherrima

Bai badoes pride

51

brazil unsis

Braziletto

110

bijuga

Indian sa\in tree

111

chamcccrnta

Cane-pii-ce sensitive

151

fistula.

Cassia si nk tree

164

jaranica

liurse cassia

S83

a lata

.Ring worm shrub

*1IS

viminta

"Seima

*164

€inaiginata

ib.

cbtusijoUa

Senna

•16*

ji losa

*165

br flora

ih

.st i pens

*16«

glaudulosa

ib.

Jlexuosa

ib.

vtrgata

tb.

scvcra

ib.

lineata

«I67

sen. .a

ib.

cccidentalis

""Slinking weed

•205

bo n due

Nickars

*7

brmiuceUa

N ii kar>

*7

'it vinga

Horse radLlish tree

39*

2. Flowers polj/petalous,

equal.

fuvonim L.

1

H;EMATOXYlOfl[

HGRTUS JAMAICENSIS.

5S7

Genus

h.oiatoxylon
Trichilia

Melia

swietknia

guaiacum

llUTA

Tribulus
Quassia

Petaloma

Clethra

Melastoma

Species

campechianum E
moschata
spondioides
azederach E
mahogani
officinale
graveolens E
maximus
cistoides
polygama.
simaruba
excelsa
mi/rtilloides
tinifulia
holosericea
scandens
acinodendrum
sessilijoiia
qiiadrangularis
oriiii/a
trinervia.
ramifiqra
prasina
procera
rigidd
montana
pattns
laevigata.
tamonea
albicans
argent ca
hirta
elata
fragilcs
scabrosa
rubens
fascicularis
parpiirascens
hi rt el la
hirsula
glabrata
micrantha
virgata
tetrandra
pilosa
discolor

Uu

English name.

Logwood

464

Muskwood

535

536

Bead or Hoop tree

80

Mahogany

470

Lignum Vitse

44+

Hue

*123

Caltrops

144

Turkey blossom

*24G

Bitter wood

94

Mountain damson

521

522

Silver wood tree

*174

Bastard locus

65

403

40*

Indian currant

ib.

tb.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

405

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

406

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

407

ib.

ib.

>

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

404

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

JUSSIEUA

IBQKTVS JA\MAt€EKSS&

\ Genus*

Jus .1CUA

Species.

English name:

Andromeda

Samyda.

Bucida

TfilANTHEMA

Erythroxylok

Malpighia

Eanisteria

Tr.OPTEPvIS,

OxALIS

JSpO.NDIAS

AVERRIIOA
SfJRlANA

tepens

I'nmrose willow

ectovalvis

pubescens

erecta

hirta

3. Flowers moncpetalbus equal

\jamaicensis

None

fascicidata

octandra

i. Flowers apetalous

or incomplete.

nit Ida

Cloven berry

parvifiora.

pubescens

vil'osa

glabrata

-

iuceras

Olive bark tree

ORDER 2.-

-BIGYNIA.

monogynia

Horse purslane

ORDER 3.-

■TEIGl'NIA.

areblatum

Red wood

rotund Lj'cliuin
glabra

4

Barbadoes cherry

punicifclia.

rerbascijolia

nitida

ui ens
cfassifolia

Cowhage cherry

conaeea

laurifolia

None

longifolia
fulgens

earn It a

jtmtaicensis

citri folia

None

ORDER *.—PEJSrtAGYNl4.

strieta Wood sorrel

monibin Spanish plum

myrobalaria Jamaica plum

bi/imbiE Bilimbi fruit

w.aritima. Nunc

*"9*
*99

ib.

ib.
"100.

21

ih.

201
ib.

202
ib.

20?

*20~

584

*I1«-
ib.
AS-
49

ib.

ib.

ib.
50
ib.
AS

ib.

UK

46

•238

s239

-»304.
USa
"USfi

67.

OiiDEIL

G'entts

Phytolacca

Bocconia

RlZOPHORA

Crateva

Triumfetta
Hudson i a
Canelea
Portulacca

Lythrum

Blakea

EuniORiiiA

$: . English nam£

ORDP;R 5.—DECAGYXIA.

decandra

octandra.

Pokeweed

CLASS XL— ORDER I.

DO DEC AND HI A M ONOG Y N I A,
I. No corolla,
frutescens Celandine

2. Corolla in four divisions.
mangle Mangrove

tapia

Garlic pear tree

gynandra

_

3. Corolla '.jive

-petalcd.

scmitriloba

Bur hark

arborea

Yellow sanders

alba

Wild cinnamon

oleracea

Purslane

halhnoides

pilosa

fruticosa

4. Corolla

six

-petaled. '

parsonsia

Willow herb

melanium

,

cupkoea

cilia turn

trincrvia

Wild rose

ORDER 3 —

■TRYGYNIA,

inaculala

Eyebright

glabrata

Spurge

iithymaloides

hypcricijolia

hirta

/lyssopifolia.
mamas yce

graminea

mi/rtifolia

oblitcruta

punicea

33%

s79
»8Q

17®

487
317
318

125

*310

194

*107

*108

ib.

8 109

*300
*301

Tb.

*302
•125

2S6

*196

ib.
*1S7

ib.
9 198

■ib.

■ib.
*199

ib.

ib.

Uh2

CLASS

Genus

Cactus

HORT-US JAMAICENSIS.

CLASS XIL— ORDER 1.

ICOSANDRIA MONOGFNIA
1. Calyx superior.

Species

Eucknia

PSIDIUM

Myrtus

PUNICA

CAlyptranthes

Prunis

CHRYhOEALANUS

Sesuvium
1?YRUS

tpuntia

coc/iine/lifer

tuna

alalits

pendulus

triangularis

flagelltformes

pe, eskia

melocactus

repandus

periniamts

portulacifolius

jambos E.

pyriferum

vwntanum

acris

ccrasina

bijlora

tlpina

disticha

monticola

axillaris

virgullosa

fragrdns

pimenla

granatum

nana

chj/tracula

zuzygium

rigida

2. Calyx inferior,

sphocrocarpa

cccidentalis

icaco

English name

Prickly pear
Coclii neal
Prickly pear

Cereus

Ditto

Ditto

Barbadoes goose-berry

Melon thistle

Dikloe or torch thistle

Ditto

Rose apple
Guava
Mountain guava

Bay berry
Black cherry
Myrtles

Pimenta
Pomegranate

Bastard green heart

West India laurei
Cocoa plum

ORDER 3.— TRIG!'. VIA.

portulacrustum Seaside purslane

ORDER l.—PENTAGTNIA.

ma/us Apple

409
410
412

ib.

ib.
413

ib.

414

503

*235

236

tb.

*127
350
351

75

98
537

ib.
53S

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.
"66
*SS
*39

61

62

ib.

*276

*277

211

*157

24
ORDER

Gev.nt

P

RiTBUS

Marcgravia

TfiRiXSTROEMlA

Capparis

Calophvllum
Grias

fllF.NTZELIA

LfGNOTlS

COilCHORUS

MuKtingia

Eroteum

Argemone
Bixa

Nymphsa

IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

Species English name.

ORDER 5.—P0LYGYKIA.

jamaiceyisis
virginianum

Rose

Blackberry bramble

Avens M

CLASS XIII.— ORDER I.

FOLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

1. One petated.

841

*125
98
36

umbellata

None

490

meridionalis

None

9 22*

2. Four petaled.

ci/nophallophora

Bottle cod root

10X

baducea

Mustard shrub

ib.

Jerruginen

Ditto

ib.

to ulosa

109

long if (Hi a

ib.

siliquosa

ib.

juir.cucenslS

ib.

b'tynia

ib.

calaba

Santa Maria tree

*139

caulijiom

Anchovy pear

19

3. Five

' petaled.

aspera

None

504

ell plica

None

441

s hquosui

Broom weed

117

a stud ns

ib.

ol torius E.

Jews mallow

IIS

capsularis E.

ib.

ca la bur a

None

527

th.toides

None

283

undulatum

ib.

4. Six

petaled.

mencana

Yellow thistle

*3U

5. Ten

petaled.

orcllana

Arnotto

27

6. Many petaled.

lo'us

Water Iilly

*271

alba

ib.

nelttmt*

272
L.ETU

345:
Genus.

LjETIA

Homa^jm

Clematis.
Xylopia

UVAfilA

BOSTUS JAHAICEKSIS.

Annona

<$D

ccies.

guidon i$
ihamnia

English name*
Rodvvood

order s.—trigynia:

racemomm None

ORDER 1.—P0LYGYNIA.

clioica

muricata

glabra

alba

nigra

palustris

tripetala

reticulata.

viyristica

muricata

squamosa

CLASS XIV.— ORDER I.

I) I DYNA MIA G Y M N OS BJE R MIA.
1. Calyxes subquinquefid.

15®

330

Virgin's bower

*262

Bitter wood

97

ib.

Lnncewood

433

D.tco

439

Alligator apple

11

Cherimoya

178

Custard apple

256

American nutmeg

*10

Sour sop

*179

Sweet sop

*180

GLECHOMA

Mentha *

hedcracea Ground Ivy
viridis E. Mint
piperita E. Peppermint
pulegium E- Pennyroyal
spica E. Lavender
inflation Germander
caturia E. C at mint
minima Savory
suaveolens Spikenard
2. Calyxes txco-lipped.

vulgaris E. ' Thyme

Brownei

basilicum Basil

capita'tum Wild hops

officinalis Balm

■mujorana Marjoram

onitcs

ORDER 2.—ANGI0SPEEMI. 1.

1. Calyxes undivided,
jaroba Pear wilbe

247

*06

ib.

507

439

319

168

"147

•189

2SO
ib

Lavandula
Teucrium

Nepeta
Saturi i a
Ballota

Thymus

OCYMUM

Clinopodium

Melissa

Oryganum

. 53

•282

74

492

ib

Tanacium

*45
Tenacium

HORTUS JAM&ICE.NSIS..

343

Sena:?.
Tanacium

Crescentia

Lippia

LANTANA

AviCENNIA

Brunfelsia
columnea

Gesneria

Stemodia
Capraria

BUELLIA

Buchnfra

BlGVOMA

SiiSAMUM

Species:

English name:

parasiticum

•46

2. Call/:

res bifid'.,

cujete

Calabash tree

133

cucurbitina

141

3. Calyxes

quadrifid.

cymosa

None

4 £4

trifolia

Wild sage

*293

annua

*294

stricta

ib.

camara

ib.

imolucrata

*295

sen I eat a

ib.

4. Calyxes Jive cleft*

tomenlosa

Olive mangrove

•21

americana

Trumpet flower

♦240

undulata

*241

kirsuta

Achimenes

3

hispida

4

rut'ildns

ib.

pulchella

320

acaulis

321

tomenlosa

ib.

grandis

322

scab r a

ib.

corymbosa

ib.

exserta

ib.

calycina

ib.

ventvicosa

ib.

pumila

ib.

humilis

ib.

maritima

Sea side germander

*153

biflora

Goat weed

327

durant (folia

Ditto

ib.

bi flora

West India tea '

*277

paniculata

Christmas pride

189

blechum

Self heal

191

blec/uoides

ib.

tuberosa

Spirit leaf

*19l

elongata

118

longissima

French oak

309

stuns

ib.

unguis cati

310

leucoxy/on

' White wood

*27S

orientale E>

Vanglo

*25l

Sesamum

544

Genus

Sesamum
Besleria
Vitex
Cytharexylum

VOLKAMERIA

DURANTA

BONTIA

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

Species

indicum E

lute a

vmb/osa

caadatum

melanocardiurn

cinercum

aruleata

ellisia

dap h no ides

CLASS XV.— ORDER 1.

English name

*252

None

85

Chaste tree

176

Fiddle wood

292

ib.

Old woman's bitter

*20

None

*264

None

275

Wild olive of Barbados

*28S

Alysscm
cochlearia

L.EPID1UM

raphanus
Brassica

Cleome

Sisymbrium

I) FN A MI A

SILICULOSA.

in can urn E.

Allyssum

17

halim ij oliion

E.

ib.

armoraica E.

Horse raddish

384

virginicum

Pepper grass

*58

Sativum

Garden cress

•59

ORDER 2.-

-SILI2U0SA

sativus E.

Raddish

•109

oleracea E.
rapa E.
spinosa

Cabbage
Turnip
Bastard mustard

13!

*247
67

procumbens

ib.

pentuplnjlla
pohfgama

nasturtium

Water cress

38
ib.

*269

Tamarindus

OCHROMA

Wai.theria

Mei.ochia

CLASS XVI.— ORDER' I.

MONODELPHIA T R I A N D R I A.

indiea Tamarind
ORDER 2.—PENTANDRIA.

lagopus Down tree

americana None
angustijolia
int ica

pj/iamidata None

depressa Broomweed

veiuysa None
tomentosa
nodi flora
lupulina,

*22S

271

*267

»268

ib.

501

502

ib.

ib.

ib.

503

ORDER

Genus

PftTIA
SlDA

BpMBAX

Adansonia
gosypium

jMalachra
Malva

Urena

H hi isc us

ACIIANIA

GOKDOMA

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

Species English name

ORDER 4—OCrANDEIA.

V tv>

stratlotes

Duck weed

273

ORDER 9.—P0LYANDRIA.

altheciffolia

■Mai'shmallow

492

spinosa

493

ciliaris

a.

rh'ombifolia

ib.

viscosa

494

urens

ib.

jumaiccnsis

ib.

periplocifolia

49.5

umoellata

lb.

paniadata

ib.

ihtmosa

ib.

arguta

496

ceiba

Silk cotton tree

2 1 .j

pentandrum

Ditto

244

digituta

Baobab

4G

barbadense

Cotton shrub

238

hirsutum

Dit o

242

capital a

Wildothra

*28S

r. tundifolia E

Mallows

479

spicata

ib.

voromandeltuna

ib.

sinuata

Indian mallow

4!G

I;/; httlea

ib.

nut tali i/is E.

Changeable rose

175

com sinensis E

China ro;>e

1 K

sabdariffera

Indian sorrel

418

elatvs

Mountain mahoe

-!■• 8

t liaceous

Sea niiihee

469

tlypeatus

abclmoschus

Congo mahoe

i!>.

Musk ochra

B.:\

eseulentifs

Ochra

*12

malvaviscus

Shrubby mountain

mahoe 2

mollis

ft
.J

pilosa

ib.

littmato.xylon

Loblolly bay

461

CLASS XVII.— ORDER III.

POLVGALA

DIADKL P II I A

■diversifolia
paniculata

0 C T A N I) R I A.

Bastar 1 lignum vitas 447
Miiku art 4-tS

X X SECARiDACA

34S

Genus

Sfcuridaca

Ptep.ocahpus
Amesumnum

Amorpha
Erythryna
Abrus
Teramxus

HORTUS JAMA1CENSISV

PiSCIDIA

Ui.iix

Arachis

CrOTALARIA

P.ISL'M „

Phakecl.us

DolicHos

A' '..-( HYNOMF.NE

il, W- SARI M

Species

English name

. £

seandens

None

I-6&

virgata

ih

ORDER i.—DECANDRIA._

1, Ji 'ith all the stamens connected. .

ecastaphyllum

None

•105

Bro\

• Jamaica ebony

27S

eberius

Ditto

ih.

fmticom E.

Bastard inHigo

a

cdrrallodendron

Coral or red bean tree

233

precatorius

Wild liquorke

456

volubilis

None

;'22S

uncinatus

*226

erythryna

Dogwood

26S

carthaginensis.

Ditto mountain

270

tin opens E.

Furze

311

papensis E.

ib.

hypogoea

Ground nuts

843

iutifolia

Rattlewort

*1U

incana

ib.

sagiltatis

ib.

sativum E,

English pea

*44

2. Stigma pubescent, stamens diadc/p/wus.

i 1< tear is

Kidney bean

433

'sphei'ospermus

Black eyed pea

99

Lithyroides

10O

JUiformis

Gat claws

166

Toseus

Sea bean

ib.

lepras

Ditto

167-

minimus

Wart herb

iii.

luteus

ib-.

piuriens

Cowitch

244

eiuiform's

Horse bean

33-2

7/ yens

Horse eye bean

383

3

L egu m es s u :>articuta!cy

stamens diddelphous.

americana

Bastard sensitive

73

grand ipZora E.

Choiseul

74

sesban E.

il>~

aquatica E

Swamp pea

ib.

di/JiuI/uni

French honeysuckle

so;

ns

ib.

supinum

ib.

cannm

ib.

trigonum

306

Sforpiurus

Hare's foot honeysuckle

ib.

Hedysa'rumj

KQRTUS JAMMCENSIS *

Sil

Genus Species

JIedysarum canesc-ns

tor/uosum

— — — — — spHrale

■ ■ ax Mare

■ trifiorum

• barbahvm

gyrans

Stvlosanthes ' procumberts

1 — • viscosa

Ornithopus tetraphyllous

4. Legume one-celled, many seeded,

Glycine pJiaseo'iiodes

reticulata

brasiliana

vcrginiava

galactia

tinctoria ■

guatimala

anil

cajan *

cinerea

• ' — toxicana

Geoffroya inermis

Clitoria

Indigoff.ra

Cytisus
Gal eg a

English name

Cock's head

Moving plant
Trefoil

Bird's foot
diadelphous.
Red bead vine

Blue pea flower

Indigo
Ditto
Ditto
Pigeon pea

Goat rue

Sui inam poison .

Cabbage bark tree

306

a.

307

ib.

ib.

ib,

3oS

*237

*238

. 94

nm

ib.

103

ib,

■ibt

4l'J
120
i£

3 .'6

*2i7
130

CLASS XVIII— ORDER I.

POLY A D E L P II I A D E CAN D P I A.
THEOBROMA cacao Chocolate tree

ORDLR 1.—DODECANDPI1.

B-ERoma gc.azuma

Aeko.ma

Citrus

Symplocos
AscyRUM

angusia E.

ORDER 3.—JC 1SANDRIJ,

■mediae
lima

aurantium
de.cy.mana .

ORDER \.—POLYANDRIA.

octopetul.i None

hypericoides

Peter's Wort

■V v r>

m-

.Bastard cedar

59
IS

*

Citron

Lime and Lemon

Orange

Shaddock

IM
451

*171

*22t

CLASS

3iS HORTUS JAMAIC* \T$IS.

CLASS XIX.— ORDER I.

STX C E NJS SI A POL V G A M I A JE 'i UA L IS.
I. II till all the corollcts li&uhie.

Cfp.us.

J.ACTUCA
SOACHUS

2.

Cart.iiamus

CyNARA

Species*

English name.

sativa E. Lettuce

agrosiis. Sow tuistle

Flowers in a head, all the cerol'cts tulular, spreading at the tip.

iinclorius E Bastar I saffron

scolymus Iv Artichoke-

carduncului E Cardoon

3. All the corollcts tubular, erect parallel, fiallish at the tip, dense.

Calfa

tSlJJENS

S PI LA n THUS

Lavema

1 i patoiuum

EmuaA

A TrMI-TA
T - TUM
Co u,

lob at a
Jainaicensis

oppositi folia,.
scoparia
bipinnata
scaur! i ns
hirsa/a
nice a
ttliginosus
decumbens
da I a

P'iv< thru in
In list 'on i
hust.itiim
iii , vosum
vigidum
m«lle
<i IS sum
■cc ,/■/ Hum
v.oritdih.m
citoi att/ni
iveefolium
i ■ 'iiyzoides
sir uch i um

Halbert weed-

Mountain lircom weed
Spanish nettle

None
None

Hemp agrimony

■M-Z

r-2

34
154,

363

ih.

3G4.

520

*IS3

*1>54

7b.

ib.

*J91

440

?69

370

ib.

jb.

371

ib.
ib.
ib.

lb.

Archangel ib.

372
Bastard hemp agrimony 62

23*

None

ORDFR 2 —POLYGAMIA SVPERILVA.
1 Corolleti of the raj/.' obscure or none.

absinthium E. Wormwood

Volga re E Tansey

arborescens Fleabanes

virgata Golden cudweed

purpurusccnm

*306

*225

299

3CK»

UK.

CONYZA,

H0RTUS JAMAICENSIS.

343

Genus
Convza

GN.^H !R".T

Pf.rdic.um
Erigfrox

Species

E~ngh~sh name*

Cineraria

Tl'SilLAGO

Tag i tes

Pectis

I',€. PTA
Bl'PTHAI.MUM
A Ml- LI Us

Verbesina

Coreopsis
Heuakthus

Calendula

Mflampodium

Tpixis

Si! PH1UM

Elephawopus

rigida

an.ei nan inn Cudweed

aim u , .. >

2 S'emtfiosculous sab- b 7aSiatet
vadiale None

3. Gorollets </ the di-kjloscular ; of the ray I gidale
jamaiccnse
rival jj e
glabra

Indian groundsel
Flea wort

Dandelion

African niarvgokl

French man-gold

Ox -eve

Woundwortb

Nune

disco/or
nutans

albicans-
pmvila
pa :ula E.
ti eel a K.
tinijolia
scssilis
jru'cs ens
urnbcllatui
alata
nodiflnra
mutica
pinnat fidd

ORDER -i.—POLVGJMIJ FRVSTPANEA.

alba Tick seeded sunflower

repians

annuus Sunflower

ORDER A.—POLYGAMIA.milss.,RlA.

officinal. s E. Marygold

hu mile >one

terebinthenacea IS one

triloba! um Ox-eye, creeping-

^EGREQATJE

ord;:r s.-

sca ha-
sp catus-
angu tifolius

Elephant's foot

2 4

255

41-t
415
303
" 301
260
ib.

7b.

309
ib.

303

*3!3

*-.'5

*H&7

*25«

ib.

ib.

*257

"230
*231
•214

4<?3

£00

*_'40

*25

28 1

ib.
282

CLASS XX.— ORDER h

Otrcme

G r Ar A N D R I A

monorrhiza

hauenaria

D 1 A N D R I A.

Dog's stones

9S7
LlMoDOUL'JI

350

Genus

■LiMODOEUM

Satykium

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

Srrapias

Ma lax is

Cranichis

Epidendbum

Species

altum
tuberosum
vtriculatim
gentianoides
plant igineum
hirtellwm
adnatum
s pi rale
or eh io ides
datum
polystacha
(/lava
s pic at a
umbellifiora
■ apli yliu
oligantha
-diphyi'a
stachyodes
-muscosa
claviculatum
[secundum
lineqre
nocturnum
ramosum
vutans
umbellatum
anceps
rigidum
dijfusum
r/ion/tivum
serrv latum
tcrretifoliam
globasum
sertularioides
testrefolium
undutahan
utricularioides
triquetrum
sessile

>i ! I -forme
subukitum
tribuloides
corniculatum
t'Hicvla
ungustifoliiaii
palmifolium

. English naint
■ Jamaica salop

'Satyrion

Helleborinc
^None
None

^Greenwithe

S9S

396

-ib.

ib.

•143

ib.

■ ib.

ib.

ib.

* 'Ml -4

369

ib.

478

ib.

' 251

ib.

ib.
ib.
ib.

3*0

ib,

ib.

341

ib'.
ib.

ib.
34-2

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

Hb.

ib.

ib.
343

ib.

ib.

ib.

-ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.,

ib.

ifortus jamaicensis: sn

Genu* Species

Ep.'Df.ndrcm altissimuifr
■ frag i mis

sai ■.'.'. "i i urn

polyhulbon

proliferum

. yestitum

-^- vermiform e

- . ec/uitiMitrpoK

- trichocarpan

: glaucum

• gramineides i'>-

- viicranlkam lb.

English name.

S4*

34*

lb.

ib.

ib.

ib.

345

ib.

ib.

ib'.

trigontflorum
racemifloKiiirk
la. rum
ovale

pulchellum
tridentatum
coehlearifoliwnn
ftuiale
r i icifolimn

guttatum

cechlealam
vanilla

OHDER l.—PENTJXDRIJ,

Ayenia. pusilla

. iievig fa

Pasmfi.ora murifcuja,

qrtadrh?tgnfarie

foetidd

lawifolia

wig~ustifoli&

r {bra

perfoliata

normal's

lunal i

capsularis

roUinditdiv::

oblongata

la lea

pai v> flora-

7ii in ''it a

sjtberosa

incaniata

ib..

346

ib..

ib.

ib,

ib.

. ib.

ibr

ib.

347

ib.

Vanilla

*253.

None

39.

ii>-.-

Bull hoof.

123

Granadillii

333

Love in a mist

466

Passion flower..

*39

*40'

ib.'

ib.

Hi

7b.

ibr

*3fTf

ib.

ib..

ib'i
*43
fib.

ib,-

PiSSiFl-ORA \

Genus.

PASolFLORA

i

ar1sto. och1a

Hf.licteues

Ani'M

IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

Species.

English 7iame.

Water lemon
GYNANDRIA.

Contra}'erva

Pelican flower

Cynomorvum

AttTOCAkPUS

Ze.v

t'.ui'sacum
Oi.yua

cterulta
vuthformis

ORDER 5.

odpratissima
tritobata

gramlijlora

ORDER '.—DECANDRJA.
isora Screw tree

ORDER 9.—P0LrANDBlA.

colocasia Cocoes

feregrlnum Scratcfi cocoe

seguinum Dumb cane

auritum Ti\e finger

esculent um Indian Kale

sasitufolium Ditto

macrorhrzon
hederaceum
lingulalum
J'uu .Culaceum

CLASS XXL— OIIDER 1.

AT 0 y O E C I A MO X A A I) J? I A.

None
Bread fruit
Jaack tree

C,\Hl x
Sdl LRiA

tWHA
Tl GU

! I % , DI A
PHYiXANTHPS

jamaict'nse
incisa E.

nfolia E.

£>RDER Z.— TRIAXDRIA.

\nuys

/.'i i i.ui: h. odiium
pantculata
paucijiora
hama a
Hum

111 l' IS

fit I arm is
hiritlla
ltit.it ha
latijolia

%oltt/> lis

mereuriulis

sonoia
?mtajis

Great Corn

Job's tears

Sedge
Hard grass

Cats tail
Creeping cow itch

Jack in the box
Is one

*44
*270

232

ib.

'46

'152

212
213
273
298
415

il>.
•265

ib.

ib.
*2GS

2*7
112
383

S3 6

"239
429

ib.

*16l

3- 5

Or.

tb.

367'

■

250

it>.

539

ORDER

4I0RTUS JAMAICENSIS.

35S

Urtica

BOEHMERIA

TvlORUS

Tricfra
Akgytuamnia

Ambrosia
Amaranthus

PaRTHENIUJJ
ZlZANIA

PllARt/S

Cocos

Gcjettarda

Hedyosmi/m

Species. English name*
ORDER l.—TETIUNDRIJ.

grand idoia Dwarf elder

275

hdecifera Neulo

**

lappulacea

ib.

scssilifiora

id.

elata

ib.

micropln/lla

ib.

parie/aria * ..«• •

*5

reticulata

ik

diffusa ;

ib.

rufa 1

ib.

nudicaulh

ii

cilidta ' i " '

il>.

radicans

-ib.

wuinmularifoliM

il

depressa

*c,

scrrulata

ib\

luiida

75*

cunei folia

w..

aiudala Nettle tree

ib.

ci/lindractm

'7

rami [flora

i!>.

flirt a

0.

tinctori* Mulberry

311

■iavigata Three horned Shrub

* 2 2 9

candicans None

•2u

ORDER o.—PEXTJNLtilA.

clatior Wild lansey

+299

spinosus Calalue, prickly

145

viridis

tin

polygvnoides Goose-foot

3:1 t

hi/steroplwrus Wild wormwood

tggg

ORDER G.—JIEXANDRIA.

aquatica Trumpet reed

*~2*2

palustris

*2M

luti'olius Wild -oats

^28.4

nucijera Cocoa nut tree

2£>jj

aculeate Macaw tree

467

rguineensis Prickly pole

*ii,/,

speciosa Pigeon wood

« e .

elliptica

' 66

ORDER S.—POLYJXDriIJ.

nutans Head-ache weed

■ i ;

aiborescens

!If.

Yy T,

EGO.N'IA

{LkGiTOABU

C.KRATOPHYLLUil'

ACIDOTCW*

Jj/GLANS

Vunx
Thuja

A>F.C\\
ACALYTriA

KlClNUS

JI.PPOVVNE

. . — - — n

ChOTON

Jatropha

Ompiialea

HORTUS JAMAICEN8IJ.

Species. English nam*.

v-'/i<t<t

:cai'clens

;■• ;■>/: folia

lancifolia

dauersuni

wens

baceata

ORDER O.—MOXJB

crepitans

ceeidcn.'o/is E.
erienlalis E.
cleracea
reptans
virginica
vtrgata
tomentosa
xtnfiisi'ifalia-
scc.brosa
btluliefolin-
communis
inermis
biglandulosa
mancinclla
I in ear e
gla'oeHinn
hcidum
funnilt
fiavens
tin teria
pollens
balsa mifcritffc
globosum
pcpuli folium
glandulosum
macrophyllum
nitens
laurinum
manihet
gossyppifoli&
curcas
multifida
dharicata
nuajcra

Climbing sorrel

n»

209

so.i

'

&

Arrow head

29

i£

Morass weed

512

None

5

Jamaica walnut

267

I^LPHTA.

Sand box tree

*T38

Arbor vita?

24

25

Cabbage tree

tS3-

None

1

1

2

'ib~.

iE

ib.

ib.

Oil nut

*13

*I4

Cum tree

361

IManchioneal tree

482

Wild rosemary

*'290

ib.

*2'Jl

ib.

ib.

•292

ib;

ib.

ilr.

ib-.

•293

ib.

ik

ib:

Bitter and sweet cassada I6t

Wild cassada

163

Physic nut

*62

Ditto trench

*63

*t>4

Cob uut

203

Ompualea

Ucnus

OMPHALEA

T.RICHOSANTHES
MOMORDICA

Cucumis

ClK'URBITA

SeCUIUM

Bryonia

HORTU9

.JAM AIC ENS 1-3,

e;*

Species

English nants

■cor data

•20*

axillaris

205

caulijiora

ib.

ORDER 10.-

.SYNGENESIS.

amara

Snake gourcj

*175

balsamina

Cerasee

172-

charantia

-Ditto Lmiry

ib.

luff*

Strainer vine

17*

angurza

"Wild cucumber

25+

sutivus E

Cucumber

ib.

melo E

Musk melon

jsfsi

lagcnaria

'Gourd

332

pepo

Pompioa

*89

mclopepo

iSquash

*20i

citruHics

V» ater melon

*J73

.aluld

•Cho-clio

182

.racemosa

Mountain bryony

11-8

Brosmum

Cecropia

Tiiolenix

Scil-EFFEKIA

Trophis

VlSCUM

Bajis

MVRICA

Trrstne
Fejbixea

PlCRAMMA

CLASS XXII.— ORDER I.

iDIO E C I A, MONANDRIA.

aiicastrum .Bread nut

Spurium Millwood

cORDER 2— hIANDRIA.

pel talc. Trumpet tree

ORDER Z.—TRIANDRIA,

kactylifera E Date tree

'ORDER 4.—TETRANDRIA.

■ comple/a
americana
veriieillatiim,
topuntioM&s

.flavors

■rnaritima

cerifera

ORDER 5.—PENTANDR,

eelosiit

cord i hi ia
antidesma

Yy2

11+

504

*2K

261

None

*150

Ramoon tree

*110

Misleme

507

503

ib.

Jamaica samphire

*1S7

CanJleberry myitle

J.SO

tL

!None

429

Antidote cocoor

'21-

Maj oc bitter

476

ORDER

Smii x

eot rus J a:.: ■ ■'•.-: \ ■

DlQ^QOREA

^LA.-iLS

Car'.ca

»>
ClSSAMPELOS,

Alchornea.

A DELIA

J.U.\li'F.KU3

iS' \-cies.

Engl ' n<mi«i

©RDEU G.~

-IIEXANVmrfi

cli ina

China roe*

1'88

laurifolia

cricklv drttos

K2-

. : -.-.i^uniiu R. SarsaparUla

*Ul

§gtiva

K. gro vam

*30&

dial a

M bite v.iKi

*309

tn/oki

Iiiiliai] yam,

if.

l: '■ a .!

A*fou yarn

2£

iHtopusitifoliei.
fudbifei a

Go i nt a yam
Acq in

310.

l\> in-eensis

Palm-oil tree

*2<J

ORDER 9.-

-DECAXDRIJ. ]

papaya

Papaw tree

*36

prosopcsa

D'wari ditto

*35

ORDER W—MONJDELPIIIA.

p.n eira,

Velvet lea£

*25£

caapeba

lb.

lad fab a

*2l5-

bern.i did

None

6

ric India

ib.

ociUo/nn

ih

bermudiana

Bermudian cedar

83

Anacardium

]\lU.-A
H ULCUS

Chloris

AndkuP'OOv

CLASS XXIII,— ORDER I.

ZOLYGJ M I A M OX OE C I J.

occidentale '

purud-a'Ctt-

lapientum

sorghinn

saecharatut

polygamicm

4'/ ucata

cilia! a

petrtea

pptydactyla

rudia ta

virginicum

bicorne

insula>e

atopecuroidea-

SaecAaroidea

Jast/gla/us.

Cashew

158

Plantain tree

*72

Banana tree

*:•*

Guinea corn

351

Guinea wheat

352

Guinea grass

353

Cruuated grass

253

253

7b.

lb-.

ib.

Mountain grass

523

Fox tail grass-

ib.

Sour grass

ib.

ib.

62*

ib.

ib.

Aslvoa

HOTlTUS JAMAICESTSIS,'

3^7

{/SIMS

A "!.i:da

V.\!...\TIA

CF.LT13

GoUAMi
MiMOSA

Hypilate
Tekm.nalia-

Clu.?ia
Mammea

ROTTBOKLLt*

XY^OPiULLA.

PlSONIA

D.O--PYROS

Ch-iM.EROPS

J-UUSERA

Bko-imum
Ficus

- Species

English name.

zeugites

Mountain tee J grass

525

hypo car pa

Crosswort

252

micrantha

J:uiu>icu nettle Uee

394

americana

lb.

domhigtnsi*

Chaw stick

177

.standi iu

Cacoons

137

loi luosa E

Cashaw

155

Jul jit) ra E.

Hoponax

ib.

nilotica E.

Gum arabio tree

35!*

ing a

Incja tree

423

unguis cati

Nephritic tree

*2

viva

Sensitive plant

*167

cineraria

•iuS-

punctata

l'6i,

pernambucana

ib.

comosa

ib.

tnangensis

m

asp e rata

*16<>

arbor ea

Wild tamarind

*297

trifoliata

■ None

3S7

lahjolia

Broad leaf

116

arbuscula

ib.

jtava _

Balsam tree

41

americana

Mammee tree

4SI

txallata

*128

lulijolia

Sea side laurel

*154V

angustifolia

*155

arbuscula

ib.

montana

ib.

ORDER 2.—DI0ECIJ.

eculeata

Fingrigo

296

v gr cans

297

tetraspermm

Date plum

26a

humilis

Palmeto, smaller

"28

gummifera

Birch tree

92

alicastvum

Bread nut tree

I1-!,

spurium

Milkwood tree

504.

carica, E.

Fig

293

virens

Wild fig tree

2 '■£.

americana

295

ArROSTlCHUM

CLASS XXIV— ORDER T.

CRYPTOGAMIA F 1 1 1 C E S.

Jerruginntm Fork ier&

pclypodwides

301

ib,

AEKOSTlCBUy

•553
Genus.

ACROSTICHUM

PoLYPOBlUM

IJOKTUS JAMAICENSIS.

Species. ' English «<B«e8

Skureum

ritfum

■sorbitolium

sanctum
trifvlia'um
tbenum
calvmdanos
simplex
pe'tiolatum
fatijt hem
tyillosum
muscosum
serrulatum
graminoides
sulphureum

lycopodioide^ Polypody

angitstifolium
-i/, a mi ncum ' .
war zinc Hum
rep ■

I scltlloides
phyllitides
feolopendroide*
pendulum
trichi waiwides
myosui'oides
pectination
vttreum

Is :<e!ta'um j .

muricatum *

semi-cerdalinn
fagittatum
exaltation
fhixapkyllum
vbliteraiim
trenatuM
n He

das;

replant
sem

tetfogomaa

deetdideavt

cicujiirit I

sunt
coreqccupi

801
302

it.

tit.

ih.
30S

id.

ib.
il>. .

304:

ib..

7b.

ih.

ib.
ib.

a.

♦si

a>.
ij.

ib.

ib.

ih.

•82

ib.

■:b.

'ib.

ib.

.

*83

Hu

ib.

ib.

■ib.

*84

.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.
♦S3"

ib.

ib.

ib.

ibt

ib.
roLY?oD:'or

Genu*

FnivroriftTM

Asplenium

H'EMIOMTIS

Blfchnuu

Pter.s

S^leeawoits

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

Specie* English name

patens
hh tarn
. pubescent
dickatomunt
arbor cum
villosum
spinosion
denliculattng
armatum
glaucum
disscctum
effusion
rhizophjjUum
serration
plantagineum
nodosum
Gulzcifblium
dentation
rh/zip/wrion-

erosion
pi oliferum
pioniuim
dim idiatum
fvagrans
g>'andi folium
dissection
prcemorsmn
cicutarium
lanceolata
parasitica
palmata
li/ice/a
cccidentale
angustifolia
lincata
grandifnlia
longifolia
denticulata
.xittata

tricAomanoide*
pedata
cauduta
viutilata
biaurita
heterophylla
aculeata

Mule's fern

None
female ferp

353

•S5
S6

ik

ib.

ih
-*87

&

ih

ib-.
tt>.

«88

ib.

•192

tb.

ib.
•193
ib.
ib.
i&.

VJk

ib.
ib.
ib.

&

ih

•195

ib,

ib.

ib.

526

ib.

?b.
£27
100
289

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.
290

ib.
ib.
ib.
291
ib.
LONCHIT^

LrfNCHITIS

— i ■ i ■ ...»

Adiantcm

Triciiomanes

jMarattia

F.auisKi.u.M

Ol'Hirifil OSSUM

OSMUNBA

LyCOI'ODIOM

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

^ Species

hirsufa
pcdata
radiation
scrrulatum
puni Hum
mticrophyUum
deltoideum
villosum
mictophyltum
striatum
stricturn
dentkulatuvi
titculeatum
trapcziforme
tenerum
fragile

membranaceum
pusillum
reptans
asplemoides
crinitwm
lucens
sericeum
tunbrigense
Jucoides
cilfaium
lintarc
undulation
scandcns
figidum
polvanthos
clavatum
avitlcalum
alata.

jg iganteuna
sylvaticum
ret kuh turn
palmatum
scandtns
hirsute
edianthifolia
pi It at a
aurita
fiti eat a

podioides
dit liotomum

English name

Splecnwort, rough

.*}.?&

ik

. iaiden hair

472
473

lb.
ib.
ib.
db.
47 +
ib,

ib.

ib.
ib.

ib.

475
ib.

Coldy locks

32 S

329

ib.

7b.
ib.
ib.

ib.

ib.
ib.

a.

#.

3 SO

ib.

&

ib.

ib.
ib.

None

489

Horse tail

336
3S7

Serpent's tong

ae

•170

il>.

*171

Aloonwort

510
ik

ill
ib.

*'■.

tfplf'a claw

*303

LocoroDiuM

Genus.

LvcoPuDli'M

Mars ilia

polytrichia
Bryu.w

FoNTiNAUS

Mnium

Hypngm

HORTUS JAMAICEN

SIS.

set

Species.

English name.

plumosum

.

*304

taxifolium

squamosum

ib.

ib.

quadrijolia

496

ORDER 2.~MUSCI

convolution

Many haired moss

513

ug far him

field moss

ib.

acuminatum

ib.

lycopod hides

ib.
ib.

parasiticunt

calycinum

514

crispa

Fountain mos9

lb.

distichct

ib.

filicina

ib'

hypnoidea.

ib.

tomentosum

Spring moss

ib.

Sphaerocarpoil

ib.

strictum

ib.

spiniforme

Feather moss

ib.

palmatum

515

polypodioides

ib.

asplenioides

ib.

Julgens

ib.

diaphanum

ib.

albicans

ib.

glabellum

ib.

patulum

ib.

rep tans

ib.

fasciculaturrt

ib.

tamarisci

ib.

tiigrescens

ib.

densum

ib.

flexile

516

composition

ib.

poli/try clioides

ib.

cap ilia re

ib.

depression

ib.

trihophyllum

ib.

microphyllum

ib.

cespitosum

ib.

pun gens

ib.

congestum

ib.

tetragonum

ib.

torquatum

ib.

cirrhosum

ib.

Zz

ORDER

9v£

t?cmis

HORTUS JAMAICENS18.

Species English iwntt

JUNGFRMANNIA

OTtDER 3— HEPATIC.

adianthioides

crista . a

prostrata

pali ens

simplex

.perfoliate

xonnata

tencra

■serrulata

juniperoidea

capillar is

cupresina

transversals

fi.nn

diffusa

stolon if era

brachiata
intra ta
Jiliformis
Jilicina
'lotncntosa

bifaria

sinuata
Jucoidea

hi pinna t a

dicholoma

linearis

poluphylla

hirsuta

reticulata

crispus

ORDER 4.—JLGJ.

■ieucome/us
ffai'icans

luridus
Junsoides
pa nn os us

imprcssus

goss-ypinus
pectus

COCni s

damacornis

laciniafus

seratophylliN

Horn flovvet
'Liverwort

517
ib.

ib.

4b.

lb.

ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.

6 18
ib.
ib.
■ ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.

$\9

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.
381

45$
459
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
ib.
Lichen

IVIarcha>tia

RlCCIA

Antiucerof
Lichen

'

menus
Lichen

Fuous

Ulva

Byssus-

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.'

Species English name.

diaphanous

marginellus

vesiculosus

disscctus

tomentosus '

aggregatus

melanocarpu*

ramulosus

turbinalus Seaweeds

natans

acinar ius

vesiculosus

tritjueter

paxonia

lactuca

montana

sanguined

&S,

459
460

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.
*157
*158

ib.

ib.

ib.

159

ib.
ib.

ORDER 5.— FUNGI.

Agaricus
Boletus

Clathri/s
Clavaru
Helvella

Hydnum

Peziza

striatus
radiatus
microporus
sanguineous
membranaceus
villosus
Jasciatus
hydnoides
resupinatus
cancellatus
fusca
versecolor
trevielina.
at rat a
pallida
agaricoides
resupinatum
sericeum
nigrescens
Jiuva
lentifera
auricula

Mushroon»

52S
529

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

#3

ib.

ib.

ib.
530

ib.

ib.

ii.

ib.

ib.

ib.

ib.

531
ib.

ib.
ib.

Zz2

O0UBTFU&

3** HORTUS JAMAICENSTS.

DOUBTFUL GENERA.

BonaceBatjR polyavdria monosynia Class 13 or 1 *149

Pigeon, or Zebra Wood polyandna mona'cia « 23 — l 36

Plume Tree tetrandna menogynia • 4 — 1 105

Scarlet Seed pentandriu nionogyniti ~ 5 — 1 *66

Sxchy Tree octandria moiwgj/>ua £—— S — 7 *77

*$

AN EXPLANATION OF THE

TECHNICAL TERMS IN BOTANY*

ABORTIVE flower. Falling off without
producing fruit.

Abrupt leaf. A term used only in pinnate
leaves, which are said to be abruptly pin-
nate, when they have neither leaflet,
nor tendril, or clasper, at the end.

AcaULIS. Stemless ; without stem or stalk.

Ace ROSE leaf. Linear and permanent; as
in pine, fir.

Aci "ul.ar. Shaped like a small needle.

AcinaCIFORM leaf. Fleshy, compressed ;
one edge convex and sharp, the other
straighter and thicker, resembling a sa-
bre, falchion, or scymitar.

Acini. Granulations. — Linneus appropri-
ates this term to tiie distinct component
parts of the fruit in mulberry, blackber-
ry, and raspberry.

Acotyi.EBONOUS plants. Without cotyle-
dons or lobes to the seed : and conse-
quently not having any seminal leaves ;
as in the class cryptogamia.

Acui.f.atcs. Prickly.

Acui.eus. A prickle.

Acuminate or sharp pointed.

A'onatus. Adnate, adjoined, adhering,
fastened, fixed or growing to.

Adprfs-us. see oppressed.

Adscendens. See ascending.

AbVERSOM folium (an adverse leaf). The
upper side turned to the south

/Equalis Polygamia. (Equal pohgamy).
Tne name of the first order in the class
sy agenesia of Linneus' s system, contain-
ing those compound flowers, which have
all the florets hermaphrodite and alike.

Aggregate flower. To assemble or collect
together.

Aggregate. The name of 'he forty-eighth
order of plants, in Linneus's Fragments
of a Tvatural Arrangement, in Pliilos.
Bot. containing such vegetaoles as have
their flowers properly ag^reg.ite.

Ai,a. Wing. A membrane on the sides of
a petiole or footstalk of a leaf; or attach-
ed to a seed or seed-vessel.

Albumen. Used by Grew and Gsertner for
the substance of the lobes of the seed ;
which corresponds with the white in
an egg.

Ai burnum. The soft white substance in
trees, between the liber or inner bark
and the wood, gradually acquiring soli—
ditv, and becoming genuine wood

Aigt. (Flags) Tii> second of the seven
families, and the eighth of the nine
tribes or nations into which Linneus di-
vides all vegetables. Comprehending
ing such as have the root, leaves, and
stem all in one; as the lichens or liver*
worts, fuci or sea weeds, &c.

Alternate {AltemusJ branches, leaves,
peduncles, or flowers, coming out one
after or above another, in a regular suc-
cession or gradation. Contrasted with
opposite.

Alternately pmnate]ea.f. When the leaflets
or component leaves are arranged alter-
nately on each sideof the common petiole.

Alvi-'ulat11 receptacle. Divided into open
ceils, like an honey-comb, with a seed
lodged in each.

Ament.

?66

KORTUS JAMAICENSIS

Ament. In English',, eatkin, from the
French cfidton, on account of its resem-
blance to a cat's tail.

AmentaCEjE. The name of the sixteenth
order i.i Linneus's Fragments of a Na-
tural Method, in Philosophia Botanica,
end of the fiftieth at the end of Geneva,
PlantarwA; also, of a class in Tourue-
fort's, Boerhaave's, and Royen's systems.

Amentaceous flowers ; one species of the
Ao"reuate; borne or growing; in an a-
merit or catkin.

Amplexicaule folium ; a stem- clasping
leaf, embracing, clasping or surround-
ing the stem by its base. Some leaves
goon!', half round.;, these are callei-fe-
miampUxicaulia.

Anceps caulis (an ancipital stem). Two
edged or double-edged.

Androgynous plant. Bearing male and
fenule (lowers on the same root, without
any mixture of hermaphrodites.

Andr.ogenous flowers, having stamens or
pistils only.

Anciospermia. The name ef the second
order in the class Didynamia of the Lin-
nean system. It is so called, because
the seeds are enclosed in a vessel or cap-
sule; in opposition to tlte first order,
Gyirmospermia, vwiich has naked seeds.

Angular stem. Excavated or grooved lon-
gitudinally with more than two hollow
angles.

Annual plant or root; perishing within
the compass of a year : opposed to bi-
ennial or perennial

Anomalous, Irregular.

ANTHER. A part of the (lower, big with
pollen or farina which it emits or ex-
plodes when ripe ; or, big with granu-
lated pollen, and that with fovilia. It
forms a part of the stamen, and is placed
on the top of the filament.

Afktalous (lower. Without any corolla.

APEX ; the tip summit or end.

Aphyllous. Leafless, tkstitute-of leaves.

Apophysis. A process or excrescence
from the receptacle of mosses.

Arrr.NPiCULATE. This term is applied to

a petiole,' when it has a small leaf o*-
leaves at the base.

AppRtssFiB.-* Pressed or squeezed close.

Approximating*, leaves. Growing very
near each other.

Arachnoideus Cobwebbed. Covered with
a thick interwoven pubescence, resem-
bling a cobweb.

Arboreous stem. Single, woody and per-
manent ; as the trunk or bole of a tree.
Opposed to shrubby, undershrubby, and
herbaceous.

Arborescent stem. From herbaceous be-
coming woody.

Aruustiya. The name of the thirty-ninth
order, in Linneus's Fragments of a Na-
tural Arrangement, in Philosophia Bo-
taniea. The same with llesperidea, in
his Genera Plantarum.

Arcuatus, bowed. Bent like a bow.

Aril. The outer coat of a seed falling off
spontaneously ; or, inclosing the seed-,
partially.

Arista. See Awn.

AuticulaTUS, Jointed.

Ascending. From a horizontal direction .
gradually curved or bowed upwards.

Asper, Rough with hairs.

AsPERiroLi.E ( rough-leaved J. The name
of the 43d order in Linneus's Fragmen-
ta, and of the 41st in his Ordines Nalu-
rules. Ray and others have the same
natural order.

Assurgexs petiolus. Rising up in a curve,
declining at the base, but upright at the
tip. A rjsing petiole — rising leaves.

Attenuatus. Attenuated, tapered or ta-
pering.

Ave.mum folium. A veinless leaf, without
perceptible veins.

Auriculatus and Auritus. See Eared. .

Awn [Arista J. A slender sharp process
issuing from the glume or chaff, in corn
and grasses. It is commonly called in
English the Beard, but this term is
otherwise applied. See Beard.

Awned. (AristatusJ. Having an awn. As
the glume and anther.

AWNLESS

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

SP7

A"w~NLF^s fMulicus), Having no awn ;
opposed to owned,

-Axil ox Axilla. The angle formed by a
bianch with the stem, or by a leaf with
the branch. 80 named from its simila-
rity to the armpit, borne old writers call
it Ala, but this term is otherwise appro-
priated.

Axillary leaves. Growing at the angles
formed by the branches with the stem ;
of, inserted at the base of the branch.
■Axillary peduncle, scape, cirrus or ten-
tlril, and thorn ; proceeding from the
axils, or from the bosom of the leaves
or branches.

Bacc*, a berry.

Bacciferous. Berry-bearing.

Banner or Standard. The upper petal of
a papilionaceous corolla.

Barb. A straight process, armed with se-
veral teeth pointing backwards like the
sting of a bee.

Barbatus. See Bearded.

Beakfd Terminated by a process, shap-
ed like the beak of a bird.

Beard. In pubescence, parallel hairs ; or
atuft of stiff hairs terminating the leaves.

Bearded. Having parallel hairs, or tufts
of hairs.

Beardless. Void of parallel hairs or tufts.

Bell-shaped. Bell-form, or campanulate
corolla. Swelling or bellying out, with-
out any tube.

Bellying or bellied. Swelling out in the
middle

Berry. A succulent or pulpy pericarp or
fruit, without valves, containing naked
seeds.

Bicapsular. Having two capsules contain-
ing seeds, to each flower.

Bicornes (two-homed).

Biennial root. Enduring two years and
then perishing.

Bifarious leaves. Pointing two ways ; or,
coming out only on opposite sides of a
branch.

Biferous plants. Bearing twice in a year.

BifiD, two-cleft, or cloven.

Biflorous. Two- flowered, or bearing
two flowers.

Bigeminate leaf. Twin-fork. A decom-
pound leaf, having a dichotomous or
forked petiole, with several folioles or
leaflets at the end of each division.

Bijugous leaf. A pinnate leaf having two
pairs of leaflets.

Bilabiate or two lipped corolla.

BlLAMMF llate stigma. The form of a flat-
t d sphere, longitudinally bifid.

Bii.obate leaf Divided into two lobes.

Bilocular. Divided into two cells inter-
nally.

Bi.^a folia Two-fold leaves; or rather
coming out two and two together, from
the same place, or at the same joint of a
branch

Einate leaf Having a simple petiole con-
necting two leaflets at the top of it; a
species of digitate leaf, which see.

Bipartibile. Divisible into two.

Bipartite. Divided into two parts.

Bipi\nate, or doubly winged. When the
common petiole has pinnate leaves on
each side of it.

Bipinnatifid, or doubly pinnatifid. When
the common petiole has pinnatifid leaves
on each side of it.

Bitern'ate or doubly-ternate leaf. When
a petiole has three ternate leaflets.

Bivalve, or two-valved pericarp. In
which the covering, or seed case, splits
into two parts.

Bladder. A distended membranaceous
pericarp.

Blunt, or Obtuse, leaf, perianth, capsule.
Ending in a segment less than that of a
circle. Opposed to sharp or acute.

Boat-shaped, navicular or cymbiform; as
the valve of some pericarps, and the ca-
rina of papilionaceous flowers. — Hol-
lowed and resembling aboatin shape.

Bolf, the naked trunk of a tree.

Border or brim. The upper spreading
part of a monopetalous or one-pctaled
corolla

BraChiate. Having branches.

BltACTEAj

SG5

HOTITUS JAMAICENSIS..

Bractea, bracte, or floral leaf.

Biactbd. Furnished with bractes.

Branch H) or branching. Furnished with
lateral divisions.

B;!A.\c'.ii.i r. A subdivision of a branch,
a twig,

Branch peduncle. A peduncle spring-
ing- from a bi anch.

Bristle. A species of pubescence, in
form of a stiff roundish hair.

Bristi.e-shaped ; of the thickness and
length of a bnstle.

Bkis-1 lv. Set with" bristles."

Bulb fhulbusj.. A hybernacte, or win-
ter receptacle of a plant, composed of
the bases of past leaves, and placed
immediately upon the root. It is vul-
garly considered as a root ; and was
called so by botanists till Linneus cor-
rected the error, and shewed that it was
a sinyle bad, enveloping the whole plant.

Bulbous plants. Growing from bulbs.

Bi/llate Leaf. When the substance rises
high above the veins, so as to appear
like blist srs.

Bundle or fascicle. Several roots, leaves,
or Bowers, collected together, or pro-
ceeding from the same point.

Burr. A prickly pericarp.

Caducous. Falling off quickly.

CalamarI/E (from calamus, arced). The
thirteenth order in Linneus's Fragments
of a Natural Arrangement, in Philoso-
fliiu Botanica ,• and the third of the natu-
ral orders, at the end of Genera PI
rum. It contains the sedges, and other
plants, allied to the grasses.

CaLCARATUS call x. Furnished with a spur.
Calcaratum nectarium, a calcarate or
spur-shaped nectary. In shape resem-
bling a cock's spur.

CALYCANTHEMf. The fortieth order in
Linneus's Fragments of a Natural Ar-
rangement.

Calyune. Of or on the calyx ; as caly-
cine scales — caiycine thorns.

Cai.YCLE. A row of small leaflets placed
ced at the base of the calyx, on the out-
ride.— Calyclc of the seed is the outer

proper covering or crown of the seeeL>
adhering to it in order to facilitate its
dispersion;

CaL'i culate or ca'ycled. A calyx having'
;; calycle or little cup at the base, on the
outside.

Cai.YPTRA, calyptre, or veil. The calyx
of mosses, covering the anther like a
hood.

Calyx. The outer covering of the flower,
or the first of the seven parts of fructifi-
cation, formed, according to Linneus,
of the cortex or outer bark.

CaMPANACEI. The thirty-second order in
the Fragments of a Natural Method, by
Linneus; containing plants with bell-
shaped llowers

Ca.vpanulata. Bell-shaped.

Canai.k ulatum. A canal or channel.

Caxceli.atus. Latice work.

Candrlares (candelet, a candle). The
sixty-second order in Linneus's Frag-
ments of a Natural Method.

Capillary. Long and fine, like a hair.

Caimllus (a hair).

C'AriTAT.B (caput, a head). The second
division of die twenty-first order in Lin-
neus's Fragments of a Natural Method,
in Philosophic Botanica; and the first
division of the forty-ninth order in the
Ordines Nalurales, at the end of Gene-
ra 1'luilarum.

Capitatus. Capitate, growing in a head.

Capsule. A membranaceous hollow peri-
carp, opening in some determinate man-
ner ; or, differently in different plants.

Carina. The lower petal of a papiliona-
ceous corolla

CarinaTED. A keeled leaf, and nectar}'..
Having a longitudinal prominency upon
the back, like the keel of a vessel.

Carnosum folium. A fleshy leaf.

Cartilaginous leaf Having the edge
strengthened by a tough nm of a sub-
stance very different from the disk.

Caryophill/EUS. Having five regular pe-
tals, ending at the bottom in a long, nar-
row claw. Hence Linneus has constitu-
ted an order of plants, culled Carj/op/iyl-

laa,

ITORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

S69

!&re, in his Fragments of a Natural Me-
thod, an J his Natural Orders.

Castrata. Without anthers.

Catkin. See Ament.

Cauda. See Tail.

Caudex. The stem or trunk of a tree.

Caulescent plant. Having a stem differ-
ent from that which produces the flower.

Cauline leaf Growing immediately on
the stem, without the intervention of
branches.

Caulis. The stalk of herbs.

Cell. The hoi low part of a pericarp, and
particularly of a capsule in which the
set-ds are lodged — According to the
number of these, pericarps are called one-
cell ed, two celled. &c.

Cekm'U.s drooping, and must be distin-
guished from nutans, nodding.

Gespitosa. A cespitose or turfy plant,
has many stems from the same root,
usually forming a close thick carpet, or
matted together.

Chaff. The dry calyx of corn and grasses,
in common language.

Chaffy receptacle. In which the florets
are divided by interposed chaffs or scales.

Channelled. Hollowed above with a deep
longitudinal groove ; convex underneath.
Applied to the stem, leaf, and petiole.

Chinked. Applied to the outer bark of
trees, especially old ones.

Chive. Put by some English writers for
stamen.

GlCATR'S \ rus truncus. A scarred stem —
Marked with the remains of leaves that
have fallen off.

ClLlATUM. The edge guarded by parallel
bristles longitudinally.

Cinereous I'ne colour of wood ashes

GlRClNAi.lS vernatio. A term in foliation
or U; fing; importing that the leaves are
rolled in spirally downwards, the tip oc-
cupying the centre.

C'RCUMSCi s\ capsula. Opening, not lon-
gitudinally or vertically, as in most cap-
sules, but transversely or horizontally,
like a snuff-box -, usually about the
middle, so as to fall nearly in two equal
hemispheres.

ClRREFERUM. Tendril-bearing.
CiR&OSUM. Terminating in a cirrus or

tendril.
Cirkos. See T.adril.
Cl vatus. Club-shaped.
Claw. The lower narrow part of the petal
in a polypetalous coroiia, by which it is
fixed to the receptacle.
Cleft leaf: Divided by linear sinuses,

with straight margins.

Climbing plant. Ascending by means of

b ndrils, or sometimes by the stem or

branches, but without twining, which see.

Club-shaped. Growing thicker toward

the top.
CoabunaTA f.jlia (coadunate leaves). Se-
veral joined together, or united at the
base.
Co\nuNAT/E, the fifty-second of Linneus's.

Natural Orders
Coakctatus. Squeezed or pressed toge-
ther.
Coated or tunicated. Composed of con-
centric layers, as the bulb of the onion ;
or clothed with membranes, as some
stems.
Cobwebmed. Covered with a thick inter-
woven pubescence.
Coccum. Liuneus applies this term to
some fruits of a particular structure,
having several cells with a single seed in
each.
Cochlf.atum. Screw-sbaped or snaiU

shaped.
Coiled. Bent or twisted like a rope.
Coi.LUM, The neck or upper part of the

tube, in a oaonopetalous corolla.
Columella. The central pillar in a cap«

side
Columnar. Like the shaft of a column.
Cui.ummfers. The name of the thirty-
fourth order, in the Fragments of a Na-
tural Method, in Linneus's Philosophies
Botanica ; the thirty- seventh of his Na-
tural Orders, at the end of Genera Plana
tarum ; and the fourteenth order of
Itoyeii's System. It includes the maiva-
ceous, or mallow-like plants, which are
to be found in tiie class Monodelphla of
Linneus's Artificial System.
Aaa Coma.

s*«

HORTUS JA'MAICENSrS.

Coma. A species of bracte, terminating
^he-stem in a tuft or bush,. A spike of
flowers terminated by a coma is named
Comose ; and plants with such flowers
are ranged in the thirty-sixth of the Na-
tural Orders in Linneus's 1'hUosophia
■ Botanica,
Common bud. Containing both leaves and
-flowers. Common peduncle, bearing
several flowers. — Common perianth, in-
closing several distinct fructifications, as
in the class Syngenesia. Common re-
ceptacle, connecting several distill* t
fructifications, as in the same class.
'Complete II iwer. Furnished bath with

eal\ x and corolla.
COMPLICATE. Folded together, as the
valves of the glume or chaff in -some
grasses.
Composite, or Composite The name of
-.the twenty- first order in the Fragments
efaNaiural Method in Linneus's Philo.t.
Botan. — the forty-ninth of the Natural
Orders in his Gen. PL — in rloyen's Sv -
tem, and others. Comprising the plants
with compound flowers.
Compound (ampasitus) stem; dividing
into branches —Leaf: connecting se-
veral leaflets on one petiole, which in
ibis ease is called a common petiole —
Flower: a species of aggregate flower,
containing several fleets', enclosed in a
'Common perianth, and on a common re-
ceptacle ; with the anthers connected in
a cylinder, as in the class Syngenesia. —
Saceme : composed of several racemules,
or small -racemes. — Spike: composed of
several spicules or spikelets. — Corymb:
formed of several small corymbs. — Vm-
b ' : having all the rays or peduncles
bearing umbellules, or small umbels at
the top. — Fructification : consisting of
several confluent florets ; opposed to
simple.
Concave leaf. When the edge stands

above the disk.
CONCRPTACLE or Follicle. A pericarp of
one valve, opening longitudinally on one
d .-'. and having the seeds loose in it.

Condensed branches. Pressed or sq'.ieez-
ed together, so ciose as almost to oe in-
cumbent, or lie over each other at their
ends.

CoNDUPLlCATE, doubled together.

CONFfiftTUr. Crowded or clustered.

Confluent leaves. United at the base;
growing in tufts, sons to leave the inter-
mediate parts of the stem bare. Conflu-
ent hbes; running into one another : in
opposition to distinct.

Congestus, heaped together.

Conglomerate. When a branching pe-
duncle bears flowers on very short pedi-
cles, closely heaped and compacted to-
gether, without order.

Conifers. The fifteenth order in Lin-
neus's Fragments of a Natural Method;
and the fifty-first of the Natural Orders,
at the end of (rcn PI. Containing the
cone-bearing trees. As fir, pine, cy-
press, llnijii, &c.

(' >njugatf leaj (folium conjugatiim). A
pinnate leaf winch has only one pair of
leaflets Conjugate raceme : hat ing two
racemes only, united by a common pe-
duncle.

Connate leaf (folium connetum). When
two opposite leaves are so united at their
basesas to have the appearance of one
leaf: as in tlie Garden Honey suckle. —
This term is applied also to filaments
and anthers, united into one body ; as in
the tlass s Monodelphia .aid Syngenesia.

Contoiit.e. (to twist together). The
29ih order in the Fragments of a Natu-
ial Method, in Philos Bot and the 30th
of the Natural Orders in Gen PL Lin.

Co ^VERGING. Applied to the corolla, when
the tips of the petals meet so as to close
the flower; as in 7 tollius.: to anthers,
approaching or inclining towards each
other, as in the class Didynamia : to the
sleep of plants ; when two-opposite lea\ es:
.are so closely applied to each otherby
their upper surfa< ■ s as to seem one leaf.

Convex leaf Kisi ig towards the centre;
or, with i le e< . more < ml icted than
- the disk, so thai liu: disk is raised.

Convoluted,

HO JIT US JAMAICENSIS^

271

Con'VO! ut: r>. A term in vernation or fo-
liation, signifying tl*at the sides of the.
nascent [eaves are roiled together like a
'scroll.

CohcuLi'M.- The corcle, kaart, or essence
of the seed. The rudiment of the future
plant.

Cordate or heart-shaped leaf.

•Cordate - oblong-. A beast - shaped leaf
lengthened out.

C'ordtife-uviceo/cite-, Cordate-sagittate, &c.
Partaking of the form of both leaves.

Coriaceous. Stiff like leather or parch-
ment.

Cohoi.ua. Thesecond of the seven parts
of fructification; or, the inner covering
of the flower, formed, according to Lin-
neus, of the liber or inner, bark of .lie
plant.

The diminutive Corollet or Gorrollule (Co-
rollula) is used in speaking of the florets
in aggregate flowers.

CORO^AR!.£ The ninth order in Linneus's
Fragments of a Natural Method; and the
tenth of his Natural Orders ; containing
part of the Liliaceous plants, such as for
their beauty are adapted to the making
of garlands (corona).

Cokonula. A coronet or little crown to
the seed.

Cortex. The outer bark of a vegetable.

Cortical bud. Ha\ing its origin from the
scales of the bark.

C.ORYD4I.ES The twenty-eighth order in
Linneus's Fragments of a Natural Me-
thod, and the. twenty-fourth of his Na-
tural Orders

Corymb. Carymhus is a kind of spike,
the flowers of which have each its proper
pedicel 1 us, or partial foot-stalk raised to
a proportional height.

Corymbifeh/e. The nameofoneef Ray's
classes, and of the third subdivision in
the order of compound flowers, in Lin-
neus's Natural Arrangement.

CostaTUM folium. A ribbed leaf.

Cotyledon The lobe, or placenta of the
seed, destined to nourish the heart, and
•then to perish.

Cowled or Cucullate leaf (folium cuculla-
tuni). Wide at top, drawn to a point
below.

Creeping root. Extending itself horizon-
tally, and putting forth fibres

Cremate, Having the edge cut with an-
gular of circular incisures, not inclining,
towards, either extremity

When the edge of a leaf is cut into very
small notches, Linneus uses the dimmu-
live Casnulate,

CfiESCENT-SHApn>. Roundish, .hollowed
at the base, with posterior angles.

Crested. Having an appendage like a
crest or tuft.

Cr.mtus. Hairy, or having Jong hair, or
beards resembling hair,

CnisspUM. Curled.

Crown of the seed. An appendage to the
top of many seeds, enabling them to dis-
perse.

Crlxiforum or-cross- shaped corolla. Con-
sisting of four equal petals, spreading
out in form of a cross..

Cryptogamia. The name of the twenty-
fourth class in the Linnean Artificial
System, comprehending the vegetables
whose fructification is concealed, or at
least too minute to be- observed by tb*»
naked. eye. — It is divided into fo u r or-
ders.— l. Filices-oiEerhs. — 2. Musfiov
Mosses. — 3. Alg<e or Flags — 4. Fungi.
And lately, a 5fch order, Hepatica.

Cucurbit *ce.e (Cueifbita, a gourd). The*
forty-fifth order of Linneus's Fragments
of a Natural Method; and the thirty-
fbuEth of his Natural Orders.

Culm. The stalk or stem of corn and
grasses.

Culminls (Oilmen, the top). The twen-
ty-sixth order in Laineus's Fragments
of a Natural Method.

Cuneiform e. Wedge-shaped.

Curled leaf. When the periphery is.Iar-
ger thau the disk admits, and so becomes-
waved — or, is so luxuriant, that the disk
is longer than the rib. of the leaf; as in
Curled Parsley. — All curled leaves ar&:
monstefs, or gradjuatioos of art.

Aaa.2. Curve*?

S75

II0RTU3 JAMAICENSIS.

Curvfd, bowed, or "bent inwards.
Cuspidatum. Having the; end sharp, like
the point of a spear — or, term mating in
a bristly point.
CyaTHIFORMIS. Glass-shaped or cup-sha-
ped. Cylindric, only widening- a little at
the t ;•>.

Cylindrical. Applied to stems, and some
leaves, which are round, that is without
angles.

Cyme or CYMA, Signifies properly a
sprout or tender shoot particularly of the
crbbage. Flowers disposed in a cyme,
are called Qytnose flowers. — Hence

Cymose. The sixty-third of Linneus's
Natural Orders in Ph 'losophia Botanica.

D.edai.fum. A da?dal leaf. — At the same
time flexuose and lacerated ; or winding
and torn.

Dagger-pointed. Ending in a point like
that of a dagger.

Decagyma. Ten-styled.

Dkcandiua Ten-stamened.

Decaphyi [.us. Ten-leaved.

Decemfidus.. Cut into ten parts.

Deckmi.oculare. A ten-celled pericarp
or seed-vessel.

Df.cpuous. Falling off.

Declinatus. Declined.

Decompound leaf. When the primary pe-
tiole is so divided that each part forms a
compound leaf.

Decumbent flower. Having the stami
and pistils declined or bending down to
the lower side of it.

Df.CURRENT leaf. A sessile leaf having its
base extending downwards along the stem.

Dfcurs.vflv-pinnati leaf. Having the
leaflets decurrent, or running along the
petiole.

Decussated. Growing in pairs, which al-
ternately cross each other at right an-
gles; so that if the stem he viewed verti-
cal! , or the eye be directed right down
it, the leaves or branches will appear to
be in fours.

Dkfi.pxus Bowed or bending down arch-
wise.

Pi ri oratus. Having discharged the fari-
na or pollen.

Defomatio. Defoliation, or sheddinc the

i °

leaves.

Df.iiiscf.ntia. The gaping or opening of
capsules.

Deltoid leaf Shaped like a rhomb, hav-
ing four angles, of which the lateral ones
are less distant from the base than the
others.

Demer -I'M. Growing below the surface of
the water.

Dense panicle. Having abundance of
flowers very close.

Dfntata. Consisting of a concatenation of
joints, resembling a necklace.

Dkntatum folium. Having horizontal
points of the same consistence with the
leaf, with a space between each.

D nth ui.atijs. Toothlttted, having small
teeth or notches.

Denudate (denuder, to be stripped na-
ked). The seventh of the Natural Or-
ders, in Linneus's Philos Bet compre-
heiulinga t'cw genera which tiave flowers
that appear at a differ* nt time from the
leaves, and therefore have a naked ap-
pearance, as (' > chicum.

Depfnhens Hanging down.

D PRGskjM folium. A depressed leaf.—
Hollow in the middle; or, having the
disk more depressed than the sides.

DlADELPHlA Tiie name of the seventeenth.
. la s, in Linneus's Artificial System ;
comprehending those plant'swhich bear
hermaphrodite flowers, with two sets of
utii Is amens — This is a natural class,
with p pilionaceous or peaflowers, and
leguminous fruits.

DlADELPHOUS stamens. Stamens forming
two brotherhoods. The filaments united
in earn of the two sets at bottom, but
separate at top.

Dl oil a. fhe -second class of Linneus's
A; tificial System, comprehending all her-
, which have t»\o »ta-
mei

Dichotomous. Dividing by pairs from
top to ottom

Dichotomous corymbid. Composed of co-
rymbs, in which the pedicles divide'and
subdivide in pairs.

Dicoccous.

IIORTUS JAMAICEN.SrS.

"S5S

©rcorcous. Consisting of two cohering
grains or cell;-, with one seed in each.

Dito I'YILDONES. Those plants which have
seeds that split into two lobes in germi-
nating.

Didynamia. The name of the fourteenth
classin Linneus's Artificial System, com-
prehending those plants which have her-
maphrodite flowers, with four stamens in
two pairs of different lengths; the outer
pair longer, the middle pair shorter and
converging. These flowers have one pis-
til, and the corolla is irregular — either
rirtgent or personate.

Diffokmis flos. A difform, anomolous, or
irregular flower, or corolla — The parts
of which do not correspond eitherin size
or proportion.

Difformis lorsio. The twisting of astern one
way and then another.

Difformia folia. Difform leaves. Of differ-
ent shapes on the same plant.

Diffused stem. Having spreading branch-
es— Diffusa panicula, hanging loose.

Dicjtate leaf. When a simple or undivid-
ed petiole connects several distinct leaf-
lets at the end of it. The Digitate leaf,
to correspond with the name, should have
five leaflets sprr ading out like the open
fingers; but Linneus makes bvnate, ter-
wate, and quinate leaves to be species of
the digitate ; and the leaves of horse-
chesnut, though they have more leaflets
than five, are nevertheless calle i digitate.

Digynia. The name of an order in Lin-
neus's Artificial System, comprehend-
ing those plains which have two pistils to
a flower. This order is the second in the
first thirteen classes, except the ninth

D midiatus. Halved.

Dioica. A dia:cious plant. Having male and
female flowers on distinct individuals. —
Hence

DifECiA. The twenty-second class in Lin-
neus's Artificial System, comprehending
those plants which have no hermaphro-
dite flowers ; but male and female flow-
ers on distinct individuals.

BiPETALeus. Tvvo-petalled.

Diphyllous. Two-leaved.

Disk of a leaf. The whole surface — Disk
of a flower, is the central part in radiate
compound flowers, consisting generally
of regular corrollules or florets : it is ap-
plied to other aggregate flowers, when
the florets towards the middle differ from
those in the circumference, as in umbels.

Dispermus. Two-seeded.

DtssECTUM Gashed.

Dissipimentum. See Partit;on.

DlssiLiENSpericaipium. A dissilient, burst-
ing or elastic pericarp or fruit.

Distich us. Two- ranked.

Distinct leaves Quite separate from each
other.

Divaricate Standing out wide.

Diverging branches. Making a right angle
with the stem

Dodecandria. Twelve-stamened. The
name of the eleventh class in Linneus's
Artificial System ; comprehending all
those plants which have hermaphrodite
flowers with from twelve to nineteen
stamens inclusive.

DoLABRiFORSfE. Axe or hatchet- shaped
leaf. Compressed, roundish, obtuse, c,ib-
bous on the outside with a sharp edge,
roundish below.

Dorsal awn. Fi>ed to the back or outer
side of the glume, not springing from
the end

Dotted leaf. Besprinkled or pounced with
hollow dots or points.

Down is properly the English term for
some sorts of pubescence ; but it is used
also for the J'appus or little crown, fixed
on the top of some seeds, by which they
fly.

Drooping. The top or end pointing to the
ground.

Dkupa. A drupe is the pulpy pericarp or
fruit without valves, containing a nut or
stone with a kernel.

Drupace^. The thirt. -eighth order in
Linneus's Fragments of a Natural Me-
thod ; containing those trees which bear
a drupe or plum.

Dumoss fdumus, a bush). The nineteenth

order

*T*

HORTUS JA-MAICENSIS.

order in Linneus's Fragments, in Philos.
Pot. und the forty-third of the Natural
Orders in Gen. PL

Eared, Having an appendage like a little
ear.

Eiiuacteatus. A raceme or peduncle,
without any bracte or floral leaf.

Ecalcarata corolla. A corolla without any
spur, or spur-shaped nectary.

EcHinatuvi. Beset with prickles like a
iiecioe-host.

F.€HImus. A burr, or prickly pericarp.

Eulandulosus petiolus. A petiole without
glands.

EtiKET. From. Aigrette, the French term
for the pappus, down, or feathery crown
of sonre seeds.

Fh.AsTic pericarp. Throwing open or cast-
ing off its valves with a spring.

F.MARGINaTE. Notched at the end.

En-ervium. Nerveless

Enneandria. Nine-stamened. The name
of the ninth class in the Artificial System
of Linneus ; comprehending such plants
as bear hermaphrodite flowers with nine
stamens.

Exneapetala corolla. A nine-petaled co-
rolla.

Enodis. Knotless.

ENsats (ensis, a sword). The filth order
in Linneus's Fragments, and the sixth
in the Natural Orders at the end of Gen.
PI Containing some of the liliaceous
plants, which have sword-shaped leaves.

BNS1FORM-; Sword-shaped.

Eniire. Stem, quite single with scarce
any branches.

An entire leaf. Undivided, without any
sinus or opening in the edge.

Epidermis. The outer- dry and very thin
coat or covering of a plant, correspond-
ing with the scarf .skin.

Equal. A calyx or corolla is said lobe
equal, when the parts are of the same
size and figure.

Equitantia/o/'o.- Equitant leaves-; riding
as it were over each oilier.

Erect or Upright. When applied to a
Stem or branch, it is not takenstric.lv,
but is so called, when it approaches to a

perpendicular with the ground. WKeriaor
stem or branch is entirel perpendicular
without any bending, the word strictus-
is used.

Erosum. Erase or gnawed. When a sinu--
ate leaf has other very small obtuse si-
nuses on .its edge It has the appearance
of being gnawed or eaten by insects.

Exaspkratus. Roughened.

Expi.anatus. Unfolded, or spread out flat.

ExSERTAs Protruded stamens or anthers.

Exstipulvtus. Without stipules.

ExstfCCUS. Juiceless, without juice.

Extrafoliace/e stipulce. Exirafoliaceoua
stipules. Growing on the outside of the
leaves, or below them.

Farctus. Stuffed, crammed, or full, with-
out any vacuities.

Fascicle, a bundle. A species of inflores-
cence, or manner of flowering, in which
several upright, parallel, fastigiate, ap- •
proximating flowers are collected, toge-
ther.

Fdseicularis radix ; a fascicular or fasci-
cled root. A species of the tuberous,
with the knobs collected in bundles.

Fasciculala tolia- ; fascicled leaves. Grow-
ing in bundles or bunches from the same
point.

FasTIG-iaTUS. A fastigiate stem, having
branches of an equal height. Penduncles
are fastigiate, when they elevate the
.fructifications in a bunch, so that they
are all of an equal height, as if they had
been shorn off horizontally — or, when
they are so proportioned as to form an,,
even .surface at top, like a flat roof.

FavOSUM. Honey-combed.

Faix. The jaws, chaps, throat, or open*
ing of the tube of the corolla.

FfiR i> IHJ ttrous colour. The colour of rusty
iron.

Finn1'. A thread or longitudinal canal, im-
bibing moisture from the earth.

A branch or subdivision of a fibre is called
a fibril.

Filament- The thread-like part of the
stamen, supporting the anther, and eon-
ne< ling it with the tio« r

FlLICES. Ferns. The fourth fainilj , and".

that

ROUTES J4.MATCE\TSJS.

S7#

*1tr sixth groat tribe op nati n, in Lin»
jk us's General Distribution of Vegeta-.
•■ties. The first order of the class t'rt/i-
logamia in his Artificial System. The
*i-\tv-ruurth order in his Fragments of a
Natural Method ; and the fifty-fifth of
his Natural Orders, at the end of Gen.
Plantarum

Jjliform. Thread-shaped. Ofequal thick-
ness from top to bottom, .ike a thread.

Fimbriates, Fringed.

F-istulosus. A fistulous stem. Hohow like
a pipe or reed

Fi.accjdus. A flaccid stem or peduncle —
So feeble as not to support its own
weight.

FxAGti.LUM. A runner.

Flexuose. Changing its direction in a
curve — from joint to joint or from bud
to bud in the stem.

Floret. The partial or separate little flow-
er of an aggregate flower.

Foliacf.a. Leafy.

Foliaris cirrus. A tendril placed on the
leaf. — Foliaris gemma. A leaf bud

Folliculls. A follicle. A univalvular pe-
ricarp, opening on one side longitudi-
nally, and haying the seeds louse in it.

Fornicatus. Arched or vaulted.

FoviLLA. A fine substance, imperceptible
to the naked eye, exploded by the pol-
len in the anthers of flowers.

Fringed corolla. The e dge surrounded by
hairs or bristles not parallel or so regu-
larly disposed as in the ciliale corolla.

Frond, frons. Linueus applies this term
to the peculiar leafing of palms and ferns.

Frustranea (frustr.a, in vain) polt/gamia.
The name of the third order in the class
Syngenesia of Linneus's Artifical Sys-
tem ; comprehending such of the com-
pound-flowers as have perfect florets ill
the disk producing. seed ; but imperfect
florets in the ray, which for want of a
stigma are barren

Frutescens caulis. A frutescent stem,—
From herbaceous becoming shn.bby.

•Frutex. A shrub.

Fugax. Fugacious, fleeting, of short con-

tinuance, soon falling off, aa the corolla
of some flovvi rs.

Fuicrum. Fulcre, prop, or support.

Fungi. Funguses or Mushrooms, The fiist
of the great families, and the ninth of
the nations, tribes, or casts, into which
Linneus has distributed the whole vege-
table world. Also the sixty sev.enthorde*
in his Fragments of a Natural Method;
the fifty-eighth of his 'Natural Oiders,
and the fourth order of the class C'X/plo-
gamia., in his Artificial System.

Furrowed, fluted, or grooved.

Fusiformis, Fusiform or spindle-shaped
root.

Galea. The upper lip of a ringent corolla.

Gape. The opening between the two lips
in an irregular corolla.

Gashed leaf. Having the sections or divi-
sions usually determinate in their num-
ber, or at least more so than in the lacU
niate leaf.

Gen culatus. Kneed.

GeMCCLUM. Knee, knot, or joint.

Germ en. The rudiment of the fruit yet in
embryo.

Gibbous leaf. Having both surfaces con~
vex, by means of aver}' abundant pulp.
This term, when applied to a perianth,
nreans only swelling out at bottom.

Gi.aber. Smooth.

Gi aDiata. Gladiate or sword-shaped.

Gi andula. A gland or glandule. An ex-
cretory or secretory duct or vessel.

Globulus. Globose, globular, spherical.

G:.omer >ta. The' flowersgrow pretty close
together, in a globular or sub-globular
form.

Glomerulus. A Glomerule, or small
glome.

G: omu-, a Glome, or roundish head of
flowers.

Gi.uma. -Glume. The calyx or corolla of
corn and grasses, formed of valves em-
bracing the seed.

Glumosus flos. A glumose flower is a kind
of aggregate flower, having a filiform
receptacle, with a common glume at the
base.

Glutinositas,

i i

HORTUS JAMAICENSI3-.

GrLUtfcfoS-ITAS. Glutinosity or glueiness.

Grami»ja. Grasses. The fifth family, and
the second nation, tribe, or cast in Lin-
neus's General Division of the Vegeta-
ble-Kingdom. Tiie fourteenth order in
the Fragments of a Natural Method in
Jlulos. Botan. and the fourth of the Na-
tural Orders at the end of Gen. PI — In
the Artificial System, most of the grasses
are contained in the second order of the
fifth class.

GrRAKULA'fA radix. A granulate root, con-
sisting of several little tubers or fleshy
knobs, resembling grains of corn.

GvMNOSPtR.vA. A plant bearing naked
seeds, in opposition to that which has
the seeds inclosed in a capsule or other
vessel.

QYMNOSPERMIA. The name of the first or-
der in the class Didynumia, in Linneus's
Artificial Arrangement ; cotnpn hending
those plants which have four stamens, of
which the two middle ones are shorter
\\ym\ the two outer ones, within a ringent
flower, succeeded by four naked seeds.
These are the same with the Labia /of
Tournefort ; and the Vefticillata of Ray,
and Linneusin his Natural Orders. — See
Didy.r.aniia and Angiospermia.

Gynandkia. The name of the twentieth
class in the Linnean Artificial system,
containing all plants with hermaphrodite
flowers, which have the stamens growing
upon tin- style ; or else having an elon-
gate receptacle bearing both stamens
smd st\ les. This class has been consider-
ably reduced by some modern reformers,
and the plants referred to other classes.
Others have entirely dismissed it from
the sexual system-. The reduction ap-
pears reasonable ; but the singularity of
the order Diandria surely may demand
a separate class for itself.

HaM-US. A book

IJAMOSUS. Hooked. A bristle curved at
the end

HASTATE leaf. Resembling the head of a
halbert. Triangular, hollowed at the
base, and on the sides, with the angles
spreading.

Hatchet-form. See Dofabrifbrmt-.

Hf.dge-hoggf.d. Beset with prickles.

Hf.dge-hog-hooki d. A spike beset with
prickles which are hooked t the end.

Helmet. The upper lip of a ringent co*
roll a.

Hi-ptandria. The seventh class in the sys--
tem.of Linheus, comprehending those
plants which have seven stamens to the
flowers.

Hermaphrodite flower. Having both an-
ther and stigma. An Hermaphrodite
plant is that which has only hermaphro-
dite flowers.

Hesperidf.e. The name of the forty-first
order in Linneus's Fragments of a Natu-
ral Method; containing only three ge-
nera— Citrus, Styrax, Garcinia.

Hexagynia. One of the orders in the ninth
and thirteenth classes of the Linnean.
system ; containing those plants which
have six st3"Ies in the flowers

Hfxandkia. The name of the sixth class
in Linneus's system ; comprehending
those plants which have hermaphrodite
flowers with six equal stamens. — This is
a natural class, nearly the same with the
Lilia ov. Liliaceous plants of other wri-
ters; and contains a great part of the
sixth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh orders
in Linneus's Natural Arrangement, with
the admixture *f some othi

Hi x petaI.oides. Six potaled.

Hi-xaphyi.lus. Six leaves.

Hjlum. The eye — commonly so called in
the bean. The external mark or scar of
the umbilical chord on some seeds,
where they adhere to the pericarp.

HlRSUTUS. Hirsute, rough with hair,
shaggy.

HlRTUS. Rough haired.

Hispidus. Hispid. Beset with stiff bristles.

Hoi.ERACEjE. Holeracea , commonly writ-
ten Oleracea (from (litis, anciently Ho-
lies, a pi it -herb). The name of the twelfth
order in Linneus's Natural Orders; and
the fifty-third in his Fragments of a Na-
tural Aleiiiod, containing Spinach, Beet,

Horizontal.

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

377

Horizontal leaf. Making a right angle
with the stem.

Hyaline. The colour of glass, with its
transparency.

Hybernaculum. A compendium of the
whole her!) before it grows up. Or, in
which the embryo of the future plant is
inclosed by a scaly covering, u;id secur-ed
from external injury during the winter.

Hybrida. A monstrous vegetable produ-
ced from the mixture of two different
species.

IIypocratertormis. Salver-shaped.

JaG. A division or elefc in a leaf, calyx, or
corolla. This term relates g o 1110-

nophyllous calyxes and monopetalous
corollas. These are named bifid, trifid,
ix.c. according to the number of jags.

Jagged. Cleft or divided

JcoSandria. The name of the twelfth class
in theLinnean system; comprehending
those plants which have hermaphrodite
flowers with twenty or mure .stamens,
growing on the inside of the calyx, not
on the receptacle. — The situation and
not the number of the stamens ts here to
be attended to — The calyx also is m'ono-
phyllaus and concave in this class ; -and
the claws of the petals are fixed into the
inside of the calyx To confound this
class with Polyandria is abominable.

Imberbis corolla. A beardless corolla.

Imbricate. Lying over each other, like
tiles on a roof.

Immersed. Growing under water.

Lmpari-pin vATuM. An umquadv-pinnate
leaf, terminated by an odd or single
leaflet.

Inanis. Having a pith or spongy substance
within.

Incanus. Hoafy.

Incisum. Snipt or gashed.

Inch dens Shutting up.

Incrassatus pedunculus A peduncle in-
cassated, thickening or becoming thicker
towards the flower.

•Incumbent. Leaning upon, or resting
against.

•Zxcurvatus. Bowed or curved inwards.

Inerme. Unarmed ; without thorns or
prickles.

I.VFJERUM. Inferior.

Inflatus. Inflated. Hollow end puffed
or blown up like a bladder.

ItfFLEXUS. Inflex or inflected. Bent up-
ward.:, at the end, towards the stem.

In fundi bui.i form is. Funnel- shaded.

Lnterfoliace;. Interfoliaeeous flowers or
peduncles. Between opposite leaves, but
placed alternately with them.

Intorsio. The writhing, bending, turning,
twining or twisting of any part in a vege-
table towards one side or other — or, in
any direction from the vertical.

Intortus. Twisted.

iNTEKFOLlACF.y. stipulte. "Intrafoliaceous
stipules. Growing above or within the
leaves.

Inundat/e. The name of the forty-fifth
order in Linneus's Fragments of a Natu-
ral Method, and the fifteenth of the Na-
tural Orders in Gen. PL. — Containing
such pi;«.ts as grow naturally in the wa-
ter.

Involucruw. An involucre. A calyx re-
mote from the (lower, particularly in the
umbel, but applied also to the whorl and
other -kinds of inflorescence.

ineblucrvm universale A universal or ra-
ther general involucre, placed at the ori-
gin of the universal or general umbel. — ■
Pa-ftiaie. A partial involucre, at the ori-
gin of the partial umbel.-~Proprium, a
proper involucre, placed beneath a sin-
gle flower.

Involuta. Involuted foliation or verna-
tion. When leaves within the bud have
their edges rolled spirally inwards on
both sides towards the upper surface.

Jlgum. A yoke, couple, or pair of leaflets.

Jut Us A catkin or ament.

■Keel. The-lower petal of a papilionaceous
corolla, inclosing the stamens and pistil,
■usually shaped like a boat.

Keeled Having a longitudinal prominency
upon the back

KtDNHY-SHAPRD. Roundish, and hollowed
at the base without angles. Applied also

"B b b r

IIOitTU-3 J A Id AI GEN 51 3

to the anther and seed$ which being solid
I really the form of a kidney ;

whereas a leaf, being a plane surface,
i tion of a ki.dri j This

distinction is to be observed in several
other cases.

KNOTTED or knotty. Having knots cr
swellingjoim .

LABIATUS. A labiate or lipped 'owe.'.

La< era corolla A lacerated corolla. Hav-
ing the border very finely cut.

A lacerated leaf. Having the edge various-
ly cut into irregular segments — as if it
were rent or t<

La ima cffroi ,v part into which the

border of a monopetalous corolla is cut.

I,,\i I <l \ US. .!; g

Lucn-ihi A little jag, or subdivision of
the larger one.

LACTRSCENTfA Lactescence or milkiness.

Lacunosum tolim i lacunose or pitted
leaf. When the disk is depressed be-
tween the veins. Contrary to rugosum,
wrinkled, in which it rises.

L.t\iv Even, ery smooth, polished.

L.iMKLH. A thin plate. Applied o the '
plates of which the under part m some
fungi:- ■ - iposi d ; hence tin

•

Lami • ■ • bbr ler.

Lava. Wool. Crooked or curling, close,
thick hairs.

Zianatus. V.

Lancfol tuyi Lanceolate. O'. long, and
graduali> i I wards < ach < xtre

mitv, like the f a lance.— Some

call its ped, others I pje-sh ped

or lance I.

Lam'Go Down, iyoft hairs clothing the
p; i - its.

La kkifoi.ius By the side of the base of
the leaf

Laxis A lax, loose, flaccid, or flexible

SU 111.

Legume.v. A legume. A peri carp of two
valves, in which the seeds are fixed along
on ■ suturi o

Ltv minosjE Leguminous plants. Such
as tiuve a legume l^r the pericarp. The

»ame with the Papilionaenjo! Tourne-
fort It is one of Ray's classes.

Lenticucasis scabrities A sort of small
glandular roughness, resembling small
lentils, on the surface of so ^e plants.

LlGNOSOS caulis A wood}' stem Opposed
to h> rbaceo.us.

Lignum. The wood, or woody part of the
trunk.

L (.. l'latus. A ligulate or strap-snaped
flower.

Li: ia. The name of the third nation, tribe,
or cast of vegetables, in Linneus's Reg-

. vv.m .' i/e, containing the Patri-

cian rank, eminent for their splendid
fio« ei s.

Liliacea, The name of one of Tonrnefort's
classes Also of the tenth order in Lin-
neus's Fragments of a Natural Method.

Ljmbds. The border or upper dilated part
of a monopetalous corolla.

LlNEARE folium. A linear leaf. Of the
same breadth throughout, except some-
rimes at one or both

jbineari-cunetfarme. Linear-wedged-sha»
!$> twf en both, but inclining more
to the latter.

Link TV . A lineateleaf. Thesur-

htly marked longitudinally with
depressed parallel dues.

. Tongue-shaped. Linear
and fleshy, blunt at the end, convex un-
derneath, and having usually a cartilagi-
nous bo;

be. The part into which some
simple leaves are dn ided

i \; i A lobate cr lobed leaf.

Divided to the middle into parts distant
from each other, with convex margins.

: LAMENTUM The cell of a pericarp or
fruit.
Lovulus. The little cell of an anther con-
taining the pollen

Lumf.nt vcfe (Lomi'iiium, a sort of co-
lour in Pliny, a lotu, being ma le by
washing. But it also sionitie- luiiua

fricta, parched meal, or, according, to
others, farina ci<.t<ca, l> n meal). — ■ .
The name of the fifty-sixth o-d*?r

Lumeui c

fTOitflTS JAMATCENSIS.

3Y9

flfrnens's Fragments, and of the thirty-
third in his Ordinrs Natin
L'cidum. 3right, shining, as it were il-
luminated.
LuNOL atum. Siiaped like a small crescent.
LURID.E. (Luridus, a dusky or livid co-
lour. Linneus makes it synonymous with
fuscus.J The name of the thirty-third
order in Li'nneus's Fragments, and of
the twenty- eighth in his 0) dines Natu-
rules.

-Lyr.-vtum. A lyrate or lyre-shaped leaf. —
Divided transversely into several jags,
the lower ones smaller and more re. note
from each other than the upper ones.

"Makc!->ce.\s. Withering, shrivelling.
]\In)ULLA. Marrow or pith.

-MbmuraitaCEOCS. The substance cf parch-
ment.
MeteoricJje VigHite. When flowers open
and shut according-to the t-eimperature of
the air.

"i&Im-RiB. The-main ncn'e or middle rib of
the leaf, running from the base or peti-
ole to the apex, and from winch the
veins of the leaf usually arise and spread

"lVlG.NADLi.ru a. The name of the sixteenth
class in the Linnean System. Compre-
hending those plants which have herma-
phrodite flowers, with one set of united
stamens. They form a natural class enti-
tled Columnifera.

^MoKANDRIa The name of the first class in
the Linnean System. Comprehending
those plants which have only one stamen
in a hermaphrodite fldi

MONOCOTYLEDONES plantte. Plants which
have only oh< cotyledon or lobe in the
seed; as Grasses, Palms, arid Lifcactotts
plants, Linneus remarks that these are
more properly Acotyiedoi'ous, since the
cotyledon continues within the seed.

Moncecia. (House.) The name of the
twenty-first class in the Linnean System.
Comprehending the androgynous plants,
or such as produi e male and female flow-
-ers, on the same individual, without any
mixture of hermaphrodites.

MoiSOGYMA. The name of the first order,

in each of the thirteen first classes of the
Linnean system. Comprehending such
plants as have one pistil, or stigma only,
in a flower.

MoNOPETAtA corolla. A monopetalous or
one-petaled corolla. The "whole in one
petal. It may be cut deeply, bin is not
separated at the :

MONOPHYLLUM A monophyllous or one-
leafed perianth. AlPin one ; if cut, not
separated to the base.

MONOSPERMA. A plant that has one seed to
each flower.

Monqstachyous. A stem bearing a single
spike.

Mjjci o. A dagger-point.

MucronatUm jolium. A dagger-pointed
leaf.

MuLTANGULARts. A multangular stem.-^
Having several corners.

Multicapsoi.aRE. A fruit of many capsules.
TiDENTATA. Many-toothed.

Multifidum. Multifid or many-cleft.

MuLTlLbcULARB. Many-celled. Divided
internally into several cells.
: II UtTITA Mai V parted.

Mut-TIPUEX. Many-fold, or having petals
lying over each other in two or more
folds or rows.

Mui tisiuqute. The name of the twenty-
third order in the Fragments of a Natural
Ik. hod, in P/uttis Bui.; and of the
r tnty-sixth in the Ordines Naturales^
at tii i Linneus's Geneia Plcmta-

rum. Comprehending those plants which
have several siliques or pods succeeding
to each flower.

Muni-ens somnus. When the upper leaves
of a plant, which during the day had
spread out horizontally on long petioles,
drop them at wight, and hang down so
as to loim an 'arch a i round about the
ste.u.

Mukicatus. Muricated. Having subulate
poitits "scattered over it ; or armed with
sharp prickles, like the Mure.i shelLfish;

MumcaT.e lor t.;e name (.1 th&eleventh or-
der in Liuneus's Fragments ol a Natural
Method.

L b b 2 - Muscu

HO

HORTUS- JAMAI-CENSTS.

BItjsci W The third of the families,

and the sevi nth of the nations orci;3t^.
irfto which Linneus h d ail

\ fetables. — . y-fiftb order in-his

nes Naturales. — They form the se-
cond order oj the class Ctyptogamia, in
his Artificial System.

M uncus. — Awnless. Without any point at.
the end

NAr. Soft interwoven Lairs scarcely dis-
cernible.

Nappy orTomentose. Covered with a whi-
tish down, or with liairs interwoven and-
scarcely distinguishable.

Natans. Floating. Placed oil the surface-
of the water, in mai

NectArium.. The nectary, pr melliferous

part of a vegi . , ► 1 1

er. It commo kesa part of the co-

rolla, but is sometimes entirely distinct
from it, and is then called a Proper
tary. It is frequently in form of a horn or
spur : sometimes it tal.es the shape of a.
cup, whence this part is named in Eng-
i b '■ the Horn y cup.

Nervosum. Nerved. Having vessels per-
fectly simple and unbranch i n ling
from the base towards the. tip.

Nestling, Applied to seeds which lie-
loose in pulp or cotton, within a berry
or other pericarp.

Niiidum. Glittering, glossy*

NoDBiNG. W ien applied to a stem U
explained to mean, bent down our.
from the top : . when applied to a Bower
it signifies that the peduncle is consider-
ably curved.

Nucleus. A kernel. The seed of a nut and
of stone fruits, contained within a shell.

Nudiusculus. Almost, or rather naked.

Nut. Nwc. A seed co ■ ; th a shell. —
Extending not i 11I3 to nuts commonly so
called, but to- the Acorn, and all. stone-.
fruit-.

Nutans. Nodding.

QBCORDATUM. Obcordate or inversely
heart-shaped; having the apex down-
wards,;

Otii:,::--j An oblique leaf. Having the

the sky, and the
point towards the horizon.

Obliquuis caulis. An oblique stem. Nei-
perpendi^ular nor horizontal.

QflLONGUM folium. An oblong, leaf. Hav-
ing its longitudinal diameter several
times exceeding die transverse one; —
rounded at both ends, but the curvature
1 than, the segment. of a circle.

Oblongiusculus. Rather or somewhat ob-
long.

Qblo\ . .-.urn \ folium. . An oblong-ovate
leaf. Between both, but inclining most
lathe latter.

ObotjaTU .'. An obnvate or inverse-

ly ovate leaf. Having the narrow end
downwards, or next the petiole, branch,
or stem.

Obsoleivsv Worn out, scarcely distin-*.
guisbable, very obscure.

OBTUsUM. Ending bluntly, but within the
inent of a.circle.

Qbtu. .'. Rather or somewhat obtuse

or blunt- — bluntisU.

Obvi rsum folium. An obverse or vertical
leaf. Having the base narrower than thej
top, so that they seem to have changed
places. .

Orvoluta. When (as'the leaves lie in the
) the margins alternately embrace
the straight margin oflthe opposite leaf.

Oct A] ;•: I -•. The name of the eighth cla.-v*.
in the Linnean system. Comprebendipg
e plants which have hermaphrodite
flowers with eight stamens.

Operculum. A lid or cover to a capsule.

OEPOSITA. Opposite leaves. Growing in
pairs, each pair decussated, or en
that above and below it.

OrbICULATUMJW/«v&. An orbicular or cir-
cular leaf.

ORCHJDl . The name of the fourth ordeil
in Linneus's Fragments ; and of the se- -
■ enth in his Ordines Naturales ; con-
taining Orchis and other genera a .
to it.

Ovale folium. An oval leaf. Having the
longitudinal diameter longer than the

transverse

I.OKTU3 JAMAICENSvVS.

3S1

transverse one, and the curvature the
sati;o at bol i ■

OvaTim /().'./. ■■;. u ova fce of egg-shaped'
leaf The longitudinal diameter exceed-
ing the transverse one: tfae h se a se ■-
ment of a circle, l>nt narrower at top. —
i shape of tlii.s leaf is that of the Icn-
gitu - i !uii of an egrs

BaGINA. The upper and lower surface of. a
leaf.

BaLaTUM: The palate. A prominency in
the throat of a corolla, in Labiati B '-
ers— or, a process of the lower lip, ex-
tending towards the upper part, by
which the gape or opening is el ed

Balea. Achaff. A thin memhrane,. spring-
ing from the receptacle, and separating
the florets, in some aggregate flowers-

Balmjei 'i he sixth family, and the first of
the time great tribes, nations, or i I .
into which Linneus has divided all \
tables. Th< y arc pla&ed '.a bhe ap] i
to the Artificial System, and take the
lead in the Natural Orders, though Lin-
neus bad placed them only in the second
place in his Fragments oi a Natural Me^
thod.

Palmata radis. A palmate root. Consist-
ing of several oblong tubers or knobs,
spreading out like fingers.

Palwtilioii folium. A palmate or hand-sha-
ped leaf It resembles the hand with tl a
fingers spread : whereas the Digitate leal
resembles the fingers spread without the
hand.

PakduRjEFORMR Oblong, broader below,
contracted on th< sides

pANJCULA. A fructification, or species -of
inflorescence, in winch the Bowers oj
fruits are scattered on peduncles various-
ly subdivided.

Faim; toNACtA. A papilionaceousor butter-
fly-shaped coroila.

Pappi s A leathery or hairy flying crown
to the si ed

J*sAWLQ$uMj'olit<m, A pimply, bladdery,
I leaf.

Parasiticus A parasitical stem or plant.
Growing on some other plant, not on the
graiiii'-L

Partialis umbella. Apartial umbel, other-
wise called Umbellula, A smaller umbel,
p ling from the general or tuaivd

umbel.

ParT!TI©N. A wall separating a pericarp
V into cv

Patens/o/z'mwi. A spreading leaf. Forming
-,!i acute angle with th i or brand*

oq whioh it is placed ; between erect an I
horizontal.

PegtinaTUM ' .A pectinate leaf. A

sort of pinnate leaf, in which the leaflets
are toothed like a comb.

P.EDaTUMi/o^h/)». A pedate leaf. When a
bifi I petiole connects several leaflets on
the inside only. Thisisaspi ifcom-

pou; . ', and hears some resemblance :
to a bird's foot.

PEBATiKiDDMjfo/i'uw*. A pedal .'.'.—

This is to pedate, what pi is to

pinnate; the parts of tl

• cate, but connected us in the feel
water fowl.

Pedicellus. ^ pedicel 01

PEDUNCUl US. A peduncle. By old writers

, called the loot-stalk; by several mo-
derns the Fvuit^stalk.

Pelta. A flat fructification on some li-
chens, resembling a round shield.

PELTATUM^/b/iwwi. A peltate or t&rget-sha-
I leaf. Having the petiole inserted in-
to the disk of the leaf, instead of the
■ or base, :<s :•> must usual.

Penicilliformis appendix. An appendix
to the keel of the corolla in some sorts el*
Polj/gula, in shape of a painter'ipenciL

PeniciUiforrne. Pencil-shaped.

I'i.nna'i I'M. Feathered.

PrNTACOCCA capsulu. A nentacoccous cr
fve- grained capsule. Swelling out in
five protuberances, or having five united
cells, with one seed m each.

Pentagqnus. Pentagonal or five-cornered.

PENTAGYKIA. The name of one of the or-
ders in the fifth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth,
and thirteenth classes in the Linnean Sys-
tem-; containing ihoae plants which : ..' a
five pistus ia a hermaphrodite flower.

Pilntandhia. The name of the filth class,
in Liiuieua's System. Comprehending

those

88*

HORTUS JAMAICEMSIS.

those plants which have hern.ia.phrodite
flowers with five stamens.

! ITAPETALA. Five-petaled.
NTAPHYLLUS. Five- leaved.

PERFOLlATUM_/b/('M?n. A perfoliate or per-
forated leaf. Having the base of the leaf
entirely surrounding the stem.

Perforate. The name of the sixtieth or-
der in Linneus's Fragments of a Natural
thed. So called because the plants
contained in it have die leaves perforated
with small. holes.

Perforatum Perforated. Full of small
holes, very apparent when held up to
the light.

" tlANTHIUM. The perianth, or calyx of a
flower when contiguous to the other parts
of fructification.

Pekicahphjm. A pericarp, seed-vessel, or
seed- ca .

p£Ri"i!.-r.TitAT. A bri tly involucre, sur-
rounding the base, among the leaflets;
in mosses.

PERMANENT. Applied to leaves that re-
main on the plant till the fruit is ripe, or
after the summer is over— To stipules
continuing after the I. ives Irop off.

PersonaTa. A species of labiate corolla
which has the lips closed

Pertusum. Punched Applied to a leaf
which has hollow dots all over the sur-
face.

PetaM'M. A petal. The corollaceous in-
tegument of the flower.

PeTIOLUS. A petiole, leaf-stalk or foot-
stalk.

Petiolulus. A partial petiole Connecting
a eaflet with the. main petiole, in com-
pound leaves.
.Petiohris cirrus. A petiokr tendril. Pro-
from the petiole of a leaf.

Pileus. rhe cap of a fungus, expanding
horizontally, and covering the frui
cations.

Pii.osum Hairy. Having the surface co-
vered with long distinct tia

Put's. A hair. An exerctorj duct of a
plant, in shape of a bri tie

■BxsSHh, The large feather of a bird's wing,

or a fin in fish. Applied in botany to the
leaflet of some compound leaves.

Pinnatifidum. A species of simple leaf,
divided transversely b\ oblong horizontal
■segments or jags — not extending to the
midrib.

Pjnnatum. Pinnate. A species of com-
pound leaf, wherein a simple petiole has
several leaff ts fastened to each side of it.

PlPFRi vm ( Piper. Pepper). The name of
the first order in Linneus's Fragments ;
and of the second in his Natural Orders.

PiSTlU.UM Pistil or pointal. A viscus or
organ adhering to the fruit, for the re-
ception of the po icn. It is the fourth
pari of the fructification ; and is suppo-
sed by Linneus to be a continuation of
the medulla or pith. — Its appearance is
that, of a column or-set of columns in tue
- centre of the flower . and, win n pei ft ct,
it consists of tli rt e parts — l Gormen, the
rm or Ovary — 2. Stylus, theiSule.
3. A &

Pitcher-shapi d. Swelling i i I ellying oh*
like a pitcher.

PLACESTATlO. Placentalion The disposi-
tion of tit>.- c>u\ led ons or lobes in the ve-
etanon or gferminatin of the seed. — ~
Hence- veg into — -

1. Acoty otyledones,

3 j ■' • • ones.

i fan.

I'; i. . ! us PI

PlbmuJ) Pi or fei b< red.

■Plumosi feathered o:

Plumul ] ing scaly

bean of the seed,
i ! ilic powd* r, nke

' in the ..n-
Ffl< .i, according to

l.i, in ■ s, d with a liquor

pi culiar b upon the si ig-

ii ... I ler, aim explodes

elasticallj a substance inperceptible to
the nakt il ej e.
Po ' >ht-

een'i ... Li i S in. — i

Compreheuding those plan s wliicb i

hermaphrodite

IIOltTUS- JAMATCENSIS.

S8S

hermaphrodite flowers, with three or PrjEMORSUS. Bitten off.

more sets of united stamens

Poi.vam)::u The name or the thirteenth
*s in the Lmnean S ei i Compre-
hending those plants which bear herma-
phrodite flowers with many stamens
(from twenty to a thousand) growing sin-
gle on the receptacle The number of
the stamens distinguishes tlii; from the
first eleven elates ; their situation (on
the receptacle-) separates it from the
twelfth class, Icosandria ; and theirsijn-
plicity avoids all confusion with the six-
teenth and eighteenth classes — Moiw-
'na and Polyddelp

Poj/vgaMA. A polygamous plant is that
which has hermaphrodite, and either
male or female flowers, or both.

Polygal-ha. 1 lie name of the twenty-third
class in the Linnean System. Compre-
hending those plants which hear li

Precis Early ripe.

Pi o< ump.e.ns caulis. A procumbent stem.
Unable to support itself, and therefore
lying upon the ground, hut without put-,
ting forth roots.

PltOfcVFER .caulis. A proliferous stem. Put-
ting forth branches only from the centre
of the top.

Pi:i NUS discus. The lower side, or surface3
or back of a leaf.

Pu'.ns Pubescc ::• ". A I hairiness or shag-
giness in a plant ; or whatever clothes it
with any hairy or villous substance.

i he shell of a nut and other
fruits allied to it.

Put.-iMINe>3. The name of the thirty-firs':
order in Linneus's Fragments, and of
the twenty-fifth in his Natural Orders.

G&ifADiiANGirLARis. Having four prominent
angles.

phrodite flowers, accon , with male Quadricapsulaiie. Having four capsules

or female flowers, or both ; not inclosed
within the same common calyx, but scat-
tered either on the same plant, or on
two, or on three distinct individuals —
Whence the three orders of this class — •■
1 Moneecia — 2 Diana. — 3 Triacia.

Pr>: YGO> US caulis. A many- angled stem.

PonuvMA The name of one of the or-
ders in the fifth, sixth, - i, and
thirteenth classes in the Linnean System
Comprehending those plants which h ive
flowers with many pistils.

P(>i VPETALA c ro'la. A polypetalous co-
rolla; or, a corolla of many petals.

Poi.s PHYI.l.US. Many-leaved.

PotYSPERMA. Many -seeded.

Pui y.-t.'.chyus culmus. A culm bearing
si vera! spik< s.

Pomaces. The name of the thirty-seventh
order in Linneus's Fragments; and of
the thirty-sixth in his Natural Orders —
Comprehending such plants as bear a
pome, or fruit resembling the apple.

PuMt'M A pome. A pulpy pericarp with-
out valves, containing a capsule. — It in-
cludes ail the moist fruits which have the
seeds lodged in a core; as slpj]!?, I'eai'p^

SLtU'^C, £.C„

Q.BADRID' ntaTUS. Four-toothed.

Qu -.:> .li [DUS Four-cleft.

Quadr jug (I'M. Pinnate, with four pairs
of leafli ts.

QuaP'.ii: obum; Four-lobed.

QtJADRli OCULARE. Four-celled.

Quadrip lRTItum Fourrparted.

Quad R . v a lv e. Fou r-val \ ed.

Quaterna. Four-fold. Growing by four;,
Five-fold.
; w'/ol um. A sort of digitate leafy.
ii nas live leaflets on a petiole.

Qm VHWNGUI ARE. Five-cornered.

Qi i\QU! caPsueare. Five capsules.

Quinquff:dum. Five-cleft

Qdinqukjuoum folium. A. pinnate .leaf^
with five pairs of leaflets.

Quinquelobum. Five lobed.

Quinqufloculare Five-celled.

Quinqu partwum Fue-parted.

Our qlt valve. Five valves.

Racemus. V raceme. Anciently signifying
a bunch of grapes, (raisinsJs supposed
to he a corruption of the term) — In the
Linnean language it is a species "of inflo-
rescence, consisting of a peduncle with
short, lateral branches.

Ra-chis-

■:38*

H.ORTUS -JAMAICENSIS.

Hacths. The sp*ne. This 'term is also
sometimes used for the principal rib -of
a leaf.

Rauiata. Radiate or raved. A kind of
ripotmd flower, consisting of a<;isk,
hich the corollets or florets are tubu-
lar an;! regular; and of a ray, in which
the florets are irregular.
dicalis pedunculus. A root-pedurcle.
V./ lam. A root-leaf. -Proceed-

ing immediately from the root.
[CANS. Hooting.

Radius A'ray.

Ramentum. A small particle of any tl
gold dust, saw dust, or little cl
&.c. Applied by Linneus to the small
loose scales that are frequently found on
the stems of vegetables.

Rameum. Growing on, or proceeding
from a branch.

wosus. Branched. Ramosissiinus. Very
much branched.
MUS. A branch.

Hamulus. A branchlet, little branch, or
twig.

Receptaculum. A receptacle. The base
by which the other parts of theiructifica-
tion are connected.

Rf.CI.INATUM. Reclined. Bent downwards,
so that the point of the leaf is lower than
the base.

Rectos. Straight.

RecurVATDM. Recurved Bent, or rati
bowed or curved downwards, so that the
bow or convexity is upwards.

Rei i Reflex. Bent back.

Refractus. Refracted. As it were broken.

R'EMOTUS. Remote. Distant.

Reniforme. Reniform or kidney-shaped.

Rf.PANDUM. Rt-pand. The rim ot which
is terminated by angles, having sinuses
between them inscribed in the segment
of a circle.

•Repens. Creeping.

Resufinata corolla. When the upper lip
faces the ground, and the lower hp the
sky. Or, when that which is usually the
upper lip becomes the lower; and the
contrary ; so that the flower is, as itwere.

turned upside down; cr, in vulgar *icri-
guage, topsy turvy.

•Reticulata.1 Netted. Having distifict
veins crossing like net-work.

RETROFLexus. Retroflex. Bending this
and that, in different directions,
usually in a distorted manner.

-Retrofh actus. RetroTracted. Reduced
to hang down as it were by force. So
that it appears as if it had been broken.

■ Retusum. Retuss. Ending in ablunt sinus.

Revoi.UTDS. Rolled back or downwai

RHCEABES. RH03ADEjE. The name of the
thirteenth order in Linneus's Fragments,
and of the fcwentyJSeverith in his Natural
Orders; containing vegetables allied* to
th< poppy!

RhomBeum. Rhombed. Having four
->des, but the angles not right
angl 3.

RiS. The continuation of- the petiole along
the middle of t he leaf, and from which
the veins take their rise.

Rictus. The gape. The opening between
the two lips in a labiate flower.

.RkHDUS. Rigid, Stiff, inflexible, impatient
of bendii

Rimosus. Riraose'or. chinked. Abounding
in cracks, clefts, or thinks-; as the out-
er bark of some tl

RiNGKhS. An irreguiar-one-petaled corol-
la, the border of which is usually divided
into two parts, called the upper and
lower lip.

Hoot Radix, That organ of a vegetable
which draws In the nourisbmettt, and
products the herb with the fructification.

Rooting stem Bending to the earth and
Mnk'iig root, but not creeping along —
A rooting leaf. Shooting forth roots.

Root-leaf. Proceeding immediately from
the root, or growing next tiie ground.

B isacea. Rose-like

Rostellum. The rostel, or descending
plane part of the corcle or heart, in the
first vegetation of the seed

RostraT-us tructus. beakeo fruit

Rotace^ (Rota, a wheel) The name of
the fifty -second order in Linneus's

Fragments ;

1I0RTUS JAMAICENS1S.

38£

JYasftjents : and of the twentieth in his
Natural U...eis

T itaTA. Wheel -shaped.

Roxodum. Round.

Ji". ido trigonum. Obtusely three-cor-
( red.

Hugged or S< Lbrous Rough with tuber-
cles, or prominent stiff! sb points.

Rugoscm. Wrinkled. When the veins
are more contracted than the disk, so
that the intermediate substance rises
above them.

Rukcinatom. Runcinate. Asortofpin-
natifid leaf, with the lobes convex before
and straight behind, like the teeth of the
large double saw used in sawing timber.

Runner. A shoot producing roots and
leaves at the end only, and thus propa-
gating the plant.

SagittaTum. A sagittate leaf. Shaped
like the head of an arrow.

Salveu-Siiaped. Monopetalous, rising
from a tube, with a flat border.

Sarmentace/e (Sarmentum, the twig or
spray of a vine ; from sarpo to prune.
The name of the forty-ninth order in
Linneus's Fragments; and of the ele-
venth in his Natural Orders.

SarmentosOS. Sarmentose. Filiform, al-
most naked ; or having only leaves in
bunches at the joints or knots, where it
strikes root.

Scabkr. Scabrous or rugged ; something-
like shagreen.

Scamride. The name of the twentieth
order in Lmneu's's Fragments; and of
the fifty-third in his Natural Orders.

SCABRITIES. Euggedncss. A sort of pu-
bescence, composed of particles scarcely
visible to the naked eye, scattered over
the slirface of vegetables.

Scaly. A scaly root orbulb; composed of
scales lying over each other; as in the
Lilt/ — A scaly stem or peduncle; hav-
ing scales scattered over it.

'$ CanDens A scandent or climbing stem.

Scapus. A scape or shaft. A stem bear-
ing the fructification, without' leaves.

-StARtosuAi j ''olium, A scariose leaf. Of a

dry substance, sonorous to the touch.—-
Applied to a perianth, which is membra-
nous, tough, thin, and semi-transpj -^ut,
Scattered Spsrsvs. A pplied to branches,

leaves, &c. which come out without any
apparent regular order.

Scitamine.'e Scitamina. (Scittementam. — ■
Sc'tum edulium. An eatable of "a racy
flavour, pleasant spicy plants.) The name
of the third order in Linneus's Frag-
ments ; and of the eighth in his Natural
Orders. — In the Artificial System these
are in the first class.

Scohei) stem. Marked deeply with paral-
lel lines, or rather grooves.

Scutei.i.um. An orbicular concave fructi-
fication (in some lichens), with the edge
raised ail round.

SCYPHIFER. Cup- bearing.

Secundum. All turned towards one side.

Sefd-leaves The primary leaves; being
the cotyledons or lobes of a seed expand-
ed, and in a state of vegetation.

S 1. 1- o-vessel. See Per iiarpium

Segmenta. Segments- The parts int#
which a calyx is cut.

Segri.GaTa Polygamic!. Segregate poly-
gamy. When several florets compre-
hended within a common calyx are fur-
nished also with their proper perianths.
These constitute the fifth order of the
class Syngaitsia.

SFJUGUM/o/ium A sejugous leaf; or a
pinnate leaf having six pairs of leaflets.

Semi amplexktacle folium., A haif-stem-
clasping leaf. Embracing the stalk hall
way.

Skmisagittata. Shaped like half the head
of an arrow.

SemiTeres. Semicolumnar. Flat on one
side, and rounded on the other.

SenT'cos.e (Sf ntis, a briar or bramble). The
name of the thirty-fifth order in Lin-
neus's Fragments,"' and Natural Orders.

SepiarlE fSepes, a hedge). The name
of the twenty-nfth' order in Linneus's
Fragments; and of the forty- fourth ki
his Natural orders, containing the hedge
plants.

Ccc "Sericevm

SS9

H O-Ft T U-S J A M A'l GENS M.

SrfrlGEJJM.-. Silky, Covered with very soft
hairs pressed close lo the surface.

SfiRRATUS. Serrate, toothed like a saw. —
Having sharp imbricated notches about
the edge, pointing towards the extremi-
ty. The direction of the notches i- tiie
essential character of the Serrate leaf.

Serrolo-Cibatinn. Serrajte-ciliate. Having
fine hairs like the eye-lashes, on the ser-
ial u res.

Serrqto-dcntatyxri. A serrate-toothed leaf.
Having the serratures toothed.

iSerruldtum'. A serrulate leaf. Finely ser-
rate, with very small notches, or teeth.

Sesquialter. When a large fertile floret
is accojjijjanjed by a small abortive one.

Sessile* Connected immediately with the
stem or branch, withotu the intervention
ot a petiole; opposed to the petioled leaf.

Pita. A bristle. A strong, stiff, round-
ish hair.

Setaceous. Bristle-shaped.

Setosus. Bristly.

SflFATii. A membrane investing a stem or
branch.

Sicklr-sh-aped. Applied to the keel of a
papilionaceous flo.wer.

Shjcula (diuiin. from SjliqwX- A silicule,
silice, little pod or pouch. A two-vajved
pericarp, having the seeds fixed ajong
both sutures, and the transverse diameter
al, or nearly so, to the longitudinal.
This pericarp varies in sh_ape; being or^
hicyUite, ovate, or flatted ; entire at the
end, or epiargi nate. Hence

Si.ucui.osa. The name of the first order
in the class Tetr adynamia.

Sn.lQt/A. A silique or pod.

membranaceous, two - valved pericarp,
having the seeds fixed along both su-
tures.

SiLioi'OSA. The name of the second order
[in the class Teiradynamia ; containing
those plants which have a proper Siljaua
for a pericarp.

Sil iQUOSjE. The name of the fifty- seventh
order in Linneus's Fragments ; of the
thirty-ninth in his Natural Orders ; and
oX the twentieth class in Kay's method.

An oblong,

They are the same with the Ci iicfomiet
of Tonrnefort.

SlNUATUM. Sinuate. Having large curved
breaks in the margin, resembling bays..

Spadix. • Tire receptacle in palms, and
and some other plants, proceeding from
a spathe. — It is either branched as :a
Palms, or simple, as in Dra< ontwin, &c.
Ll some it is one- flowered; in others
many- flowered. — Hence

Sparsus. Scattered. Neither opposite nor
alternate, nor in any apparent regular
order.

Spathe. A spathe. The calyx of a spadix,
opening or bursting longitudinally, in
form of a sheath.

SjHitthacea:. The name,of tbe£ighth ordei
in Linneus's Fragments, and of the ninth
in his Natural Orders.

Spatulatum /i//K»7. A spatulate, or spa-
tula-shaped leaf. Roundish, with a
long, narrow, linear base; like a spatu*
la or a battledore.

SriCA. A spike. A species of inflorcc,
cence, in which sessile flowers are (scat-
teringly) alternate on a common simple
peduncle.

Spicula. A spicule or spikelet. A partial
spike, or a subdivision of it.

Fplva. A spine or thorn, .

Spiralis. Spiral. Twisted like a screw.

Sqcjarrosus. RasreecL Consisting of scales
very widely divaricating, or spreading
every way.

Stamen. An organ or viscus for the pre-
paration of the pollen ; and, formed, ac-
cording to Linneus, from the wood. It
It is the third part in the fructification j,
and consists of xhejilament and anther.

Standard or Banner. The upper petal of
a papilionaceous corolla; as in the Pea.

§TATUMINAT«. The name of the sixtj--
first order in Linneus's Fragments of a
Natural Method, in Philos. Botamca;
containing only Ulmus, Ccltis, Bosea.

Stellata. When more leaves than two
surround the stem in a whorl ; or radiate
from the stem like the spokes of a wheel,
or like a star, as it is vulgarly represent^

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

SSJ

ed. They are otherwise called Vertkil-
lata ; and come out regularly in sets one
above another A stellate bristle. When
a little star of smaller hairs is affixed to
the end.

Stelldtce. The name of the forty-fourth
order in Linneus's Fragments, in Philos.
Bot. — and the forty-seventh in his Natu-
ral Orders, at the end of Gen. Pi — The
name of a class also in Ray's and Her-
man's Methods.

Stem-clasping. Appliedto a leaf, when the
base surrounds the stem.

Stigma. The top of the pistil, pubescent
and moist, in order to detain and burst
the pollen or prolific powder.

Stipes. The base of a frond ; or, a species
of stem passing into leaves, or, not dis-
tinct from the leaf.

Stipula A stipula or stipule. — A scale
at the base of the nascent petioles, or
peduncles.

Striatus. Striated or streaked.

STRICTUS. Stiff and straight.

Sttictissimus. Very stiff and straight.

Strtga. Stiffish, flatfish bristles.

Strigosus. Set with stiff lanceolate bristles.

Strobilus A strobile A pericarp formed
from an ament — by the- hardening of the
scales.

Stylus. Tire style. The middle portion
of the pistil, connecting the stigma with
the germ.

Subacuuiis. Almost without stem.

Subaquuls. Nearly equal.

Subavipli xicaulis. Slightly embracing the
stem.

Snbcordtitus. Subccrdate. Somewhat
heart-shaped.

Subeiosits. As if a little eaten orgnawn,

Subexcedens A very little longer.

Sublanutus. Somewhat woolly.

Subnudus. Almos^ naked.

Su urbkuht/us Almost orbrculate.

Sttiovatus. £>ubovute. Almost or nearly
ovate

Stittoetiolatus. Scarcely petioled, or with
a very short petiole.

Sitlrairtosus. Having only a chance branch.
or two.

Subrepcindus. Somewhat tepand.

Siibsessil'S. Subsessile, or almost sessile.

Subtrifidus. Slightly tnfid.

Subiiniflrrus. Having one or two flowers
only, or most commonly one — one or
thereabouts.

SiJBEtfOSUS. Corky, like cork.

Subulatus. Subulate, or awl-shaped.

Succulents (sucais, juice). The name
of the forty-sixth order in Linneus's
Fragments, and of the thirteenth in his
' Natural Orders

Succulentum. Succulent.

Suffrutex. An undershrub.

St'FFRUTiCOS'JS. Suffruticose. Under-
shrubby.

Sulcata. Furrowed, grooved, or fluted.
Scored with deep broad channels longi-
tudinally.

Superfi.ua Polygamic Superfluous po-
lygamy. The name of the second order
in the class Syngenesia,' wherein the flo-
rets of the disk are hermaphrodite and
fertile ; and the florets of the ray, though
•female only, are also fertile.

Supra-decompositum. A superdecom-
poand leaf.

Supra-foliaceous. A peduncle or flower
inserted into the stem above the leaf, or
petiole, or axil.

Surcui.us. A little branch or twig.

Syngenesia. The name of the nineteenth
class in Linneus's Artificial System. —
'Comprehending those plants -which have
the anthers united into a cylinder.

Tail A process or thread, terminating a
seed, and facilitating its propagation.

Tenpril or Clasper. One ol the fulcres.
A fi iform spiral band, by which a plant
is fastened to another body^— orbv which
a weak plant supports iisel! on ethers.

Tenuis is put both -for Slender ai.d / kin.

Tere^. Without angles. It may often be
safely expressed in English by Bound.

Teretiusculus. Almost or inclining to co-
lumnar.

C cc 3

Tergeminum

r> - ',. ..

IIORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

T~f:: ■ •. '• ■ fyfium. A tergeminate or
thj ■ af.

Terminals Terminating-, or coming out
at the end of a dk .u h or stem.

Terna folia, Tfar i . 13d leaves, ir> threes,
ortl :■ ■ an ' three ; expressing the num-
ber of !c tv,es on ^ ach wb irl or set

Teiinatum tulhnii. A ternate leaf. Hav-
ing thwe leaflets on one petiole.

Tesselatum. Tt — iate or chequered. —
Painted on spotted like a chess- hoard.

ThTKiDYNAMiA. The name of the fif-
i nth class i:i tlie Linnean System. —
nprehending tliosc plants which bear
hermaphrodite flowers with six stamens,
four of them (more powerful) longer than
tiie other two. This is a truly natural
class, and the same with the Crucifo
of Tournefort — the Siliculosa and .57//-
aiwsa of Ray; which last are the names
of the ordt rs into which the class is divi-
ded by Linneus.

Tetraedra. Four-sided.

Tetragonqus. Four-cornered.

Tetragynia. One of the orders in several
classes of Linneus's System. Compre-
hending tliose plants which have four
pistils

Tetrandaia. The fourth class in the Lin-
nean System. Comprehending those
plants winch have hermaphrodite flowers
with tour stamens of equal lengths.

Tetrape i ai. a. Four-petaled.

TF.THAPiivi.t.rs-. Four-leaved.

Tf.TR.WKioiA. Four-seeded.

THYRSUS. A panicle contracted into an
ovate form.

TOMENTOSUS. Downy, nappy, cottony,
or fiocky.

Tongue-sHAPi D. Linear and fleshy, blunt
at the end, convex underneath, and hav-
ing; usually a cartiliginous border.

Tok>>sus. Torose, protuberant, swelling
out in knobs ; like the veins and muscles. .

Torulosis. Swelling a little.

'FORTIUS. Twisted,'" or twisting.

TRACHEA. Air-vessels.

Triandria. The name of the third class
in the Linnean System. Comprehend-

ing those plants which Lear hennaphft)*
dite Sowers with three stamens. — The
second order Digynia contains most oi
the grasses.

Trichotomus. Dividing by threes.

TfticcccA Swelling out in three protube-
rancies, internally divided into tinea
cells, with one seed in each.

Tiueocc/E. The name of the forty-seventh
order in Linneus's Fragments, and of the
thirty-eighth in his Natural Orders.

Tricuspid atum. Three- casped or three-
pointed.

TriGYNIA. The name of the third order in
the first thirteen classes of the Linnean*
System, except the first, fourth, and se-
venth ; including those plants which-
have three pistils to each flower.

TitiiiiLAT/E (three-scarred, see Hilumj.
The name of the fiftieth order in Lin-
neus's Fragments, and of the twenty-
third in his Natural Orders.

Trijugum folium. A trijugous leaf. A
pinnate leaf with three pairs of leaflets.

Tri<ECIA, The name of the third order in
the class Polygam a ; and signifying that
there are hermaphrodite male and female
flowers of the same species on three dis-
tinct individuals.

TV . . The name of the sixth or-

der in Linneus's Fragments; and of the
fifth in bis Natural Orders.

Triqueter. Three-sided.

Truncatum. Truncate. Ending in a trans-
verse line — so that it seems as if the tip
of the leaf had been cut off.

Tuber A knob, in roots

Tt BERCULuM A little knob, like a pimple.

'i UBEROSA. Tuberous or knobbed.

Torus. A tube or hollow pipe. Put ftn
the lower, narrow, hollow part of a mo-
nopetalous corolla, by which it is fixeo
into the receptacle.

Tunicatus Tunicated or coated".

Turb.natum. Turbinate, or top-shaped,

Turgidum. Turgid or swollen.

Twining stem. Ascending spirally round
a branch, stem, or prop. This is done
either from the right to left, contrary to

HORTUS JAMAICENSIft

S»>

Ore sun's apparent motion, as in Hops,
Honeysuckle, Black Bryony, &c. — Or
from left to right with the sun, as in Con-
volvulus, Baa/lii, Phaseolus, Cynanchc,.
Euphorbia, Eupatorium.

Vagima. A sheath, or membrane in\est-
ing a stem.

Vaginales. The name of the twenty-se^.
venth order in Linneus's Fragments- of a
Natural Method in his Phil's. Bot.

Valva. A valve, valvelet, or valvule.

Vaulted. Arched like the roof of the
mouth.

Venosum. Veined.

YjpTRlCOslTS. Bellied. Distended. Swell-
ing out in the middle.

Veprecul.c (from Fepres, ■■. b ier.) The
name of the fifty-fourth order in Lin-
neus's Fiagmen ts, and of the thirty-first
in his Natural Orders.

Verrucosa. Waned. Having little I nobs
or warts on the surface.

Verticillus. A sort ofinflorescence made
up of many s'ubsessile flowers surround-
ing the sum in a ring.

Yerticillata. Verticillate plants. These
are included m the fifty-eighth order of
Linneus's Fragments, and the forty- se-
cond of his Natural Ordi is. I.i the Ar-
tificial System, they form the order Oj/m-
7W?pe/ nii a of the Glass Didi/namia.

Vesicularis Vesicular or bladder} rug-
gedness Having little glands like blad-
ders on the suriace.

Vexih um, Standard or banner.

Villous. Villose. Pubescent or covered
with soft hairs.

Vi.Mii: A bending- twig or wythe ; slen-
der and flexible, fis for binding.

Virgvius A rod-like or wand-like stem
or branch.

Virgui.tum. Small twigs or brushwood.

Viscidum A visi id or clammy leaf

Viscositas Viscidity or clamminess.

Vivip.^rn. A viviparous plant orsiein —
Producing its offspring alive ; either by
bulbs instead of seeds; or by the seeds
then. -eves g< rmii ating on the plant, in-
stead ot failing as they usuall. do.

N. B. The tuiegoing explanations have been ex

Umbella. An umlxl. Withering trans-
lates it the rundle. A receptacle stretch-
ing out into filiform proportioned pe-
des from the same centre.

UmbellaTjE. The name of the twenty-
second order in Linneus's Fragments ;
an ! of the forty- fifth in his Natural Or-
ders. Included in the second order of
the fifth class, in the Artificial System.
This order is called by Ray and others
/ 'inlieL'i/o'ce ; by Caesalpinus Ftfulacea.

Umbellula. An umbellivle or umbellet.
The same with the partial umbel.

Umbilicus. The navel. Used for the" ca-
vity at the end of some fruits opposite to
the foot-staik.

Unarmed Without thorns or prickles.

Uncinatus. Uncinate. Hooked at the
end.

Undatus, Undulatua. Waved. The sur-
face rising and falling in waves, or ob-
tusely ; not in angles-.

Unguiculaibm petalum. A petal with a
claw.

Unguis. A claw. The base of the petal
in a polvpetalous corolla.

Ungul.ata. Hoof-shapedi

UmfloroS. A one-flowered peduncle.

U NlLA Bi ata. One- lipped.

Volva. The membranaceous calyx of r.-.
fungus.

Vc-Lt Bii.is Twining.

i i i oi.ATrs. Pitcher-shaped.

Urens. Stinging, or armed with sting".

Wedge-shaped leaf. Having the longitu-
dinal diameter exceeding the transverse
one, and narrowing gradually downwards,

Wheh.-shaped corolla. Rotata. Mono-
petalous, and expanded flat without any
tube.

Wings. Ala;. The two side petals in a
papilionaceous corolla. Also, meti--
branes affixed to the seed.

Winged petiole. Having a thin membrane
or border on each side ; or, dilated oc
the sides; as in Orange.

Woolly. Lanatus. Clothed with a pube«
scence resembling wool.

Writhed. Twisted very much

traded from Dr. Martyn's Language of Botany.

GENERAL.

GENERAL INDEX.

The figures with an Asterisk refer to the 2d volume.

ABACA, 75*

Abrus, 456
Abscesses, 147
Acacia, 156
Acajou, 1
Acalypha, 1
Achania, 2
Aches, 22, 32
Achimenes, 3
Achras, 124, 430, 2*
Achrosticum, 30.1
Achyranihes, 4
Acidoton, 5-
Acids, 88
Acisantht ra, 6
AcorB, 310*
Adam's apples, 74*

needle, 258

Adansonia, 45

Adder's tongue, 170*

Adelia, 6

Adenanthera, 7. 315*

Adiantum, 472

Adrue. 7

Aegiphila, 326

Aeschynomene, 9, 73, 317*

Agaricus, 528

Agave, 234

Ageratunv 62 •

Agnus castus, 1'5*

Agrimony, 9

Agrostis, 82

Ague, 95 71*

Aizoon, 9

Akee, 9, 315*

Alchornea, 315*

Alder tree, 10

Aletris, 56

Alexiphairaic, 284.

Algae, 157*-
Alisma, 274*
Allheal, 148'
Alligator apple, 1 2

wood. 534

Allium, 284, 315. 22?
All'>phyHum, 230
Allspice, 66*
Aloes, 12
Alopecia, 36
Alpinia, 2S0*
Alsines, see chick-vveed
Alysson, 17
Amaranthus, 142, 331
Amaryllis, 450
Ambroma. 298*
Amellus, 307*
Amenorrhofe, 95
American jasmine, 399

nutmeg, 10*

Amerimnon, 18j 277

Ammannia, 18

Amomum, 322

Amorpha, 63

Amyiis. 146

Anacanlium, 158

Anagallis, 276

Anchovy pear, 19 315*

Andromeda, 20, 31 6*

Andropogon, 522

Anethnm, 287

Angelica, 64, 313

Angola pea, 64.

Aniseed, 21

Annona, 1 1,178, 256, 10*,179*

Anlhemis, 22

Antboceros, .381

Anlholyza, 22

Antidesraa, 22

Antidote cocoon, 22, 3151*
Antidotes, Nte poivn
Antiseptics. 95. 96*
Aperients, 142, 250, 452, 39V

49*
Apium, 3S*
Apluda, 525
Appetite, 69. 96, 100
Apple, 24
Apple sauce, 37*
Appopli xy, 219
Apostume, 140
Apricot, 24
Arabian costus, 24>
Arachis, 348.
Aralia, 313
Arbor vitas, 24.
Archangel, 371
Ardisia, 25 31 6*
Areca, 85, 133
Argemone, 311
Argythamni;», 26
Aristea, 27

Aristolochia, 231, 45**
Arnolio, 27
Arrack, 208, 117*
Arrowhead, 29
Arrow-root. 30, 3l6*
Arsmart, 32
Artemisia, 306*
Artichoke, 34
Artocarpus, 111. 388
Arum, 211, 272 298,415,265*-'
Asclepias, 6'3, 217*
Ascyrum, 60*
Ash-balls, 288
Asparagus, 35
Asphodel, 35
Asplenium, 192*

Asthraa \

S35

As hma, 220. 2S4 507, 228*
A si. ingents, 255,264,465,472

480
Air. pa. 237*
Aurora, 28
Avellanos, 62*
Avens, 36
Avt-rrhoa, 87
Avictnnia, 21*
Avilla, 22

-A' ocado 1 car, 37, 31 6
Ayenia, 38
B chelors bu'ton, 40

I'... ,;:, 189*

Balsam a;., le, 173
Balsam capivi, 2.96
Balsam, green, 141'
Balsam I.erb, 40
Balsam tree, 41
Bamboo. 42
Banana, 7 1*
Banisteria, 44
Banjban, 278
Baobab, 45
Barbados cherry, 40
■■ gooseberry, 414

prid?, 51, 3lb*

sweet William, 399

Bailarv thorn, 3*
Baik jackets, 480
— — Jamaica, 3yi

- Jesuits, substitutes for,
59, 95 124 391, 91*

Barilla, 137"

Barlerin. 52
Basil 53
Basket-wtlbe 53
Bastard aloe. 50

■ bnoi.y 56 317*

bully tree 57, 317*

o.,ar. 59

cl erry, 60

fever few, 299*

. fustic,

• gin.ii. il. i,

—— — greenbeart, 6l

- — — tu .. |j agfinv ny, 62

- — — Jan

- — inuigo 63

ipic.ii uanba, (i.j, 317*

■- ligmimvilffi. 120

— — locus tree, 65

UORTUS JAMAICEN

66

Bas ard mane! ijoni al,
— — — musiard, 6'7

plantain 69

saffron, 71

— senna, 72
- M'usitive, 173, 317"

Balis. 137

B..u lima, 279

BiUin, 74

Bayberry, 75

Bay giape, 76

Bay tree, 78

Bead bush, 319

Beads, SO 429, 468

Bead tree, 79

Bean tree, 231

Be.-nded grass, 81

Bees, 81

Bed Stuffing, 250*

Beg nia, 199

Belly ach , 7 62 87. 96 143,
163 Kid 173 234 391 472
14* 51* 62* 198*, 258%
312* 317*

Belly- ace bush lG'3

Benjamin tree. 82

Beiu grass 82

Bi rmudas cedar, S3

Btrmudi.ma S4

Bernard ia 6

Bi -I ria, 85

Besoms, 117, 281

B t . SI

S in >•, 86

Bi ens, 1S3*

Bicnonia, 309, 278*

Bilberry, 393

Iv.l wHti r tree, 131

Bilimii. 87

Bindweeds, SS, 91 219*

Birch tree, 92

Bird lime, 60 36l, 507

Birds hoi, 91.

Bitchwood, 270

Bitter damstth, 5*14

Bitterwood, 95 97, 313*

Bixa, 27

HI ick bead sh'ub, 3*

Bl«ckb ny, 9S

Black chi^r), 08

Black eyed pea, 99

Blakea, 125*

SIS.

BlecVnum, 10O
Bleeding, t<i slop {J*
Blessed thistle 100
Blisters, 14*, 72*
Blood, coagulat. d, 3&.
Biood flower, 64
Blood spitting, 72*
Blue botiK 101
Blue pea H nver, 101
Bocconia, 170
Boehmeria, 6*
Boerrhaavia. 376
Bogbean, 496
B g rush, 103
Boletus, 529
Bombi si il 'ioe, 27*
Bomba.\, 242
Bonace bark, 106
Bonavist, 434
Bones, 234
BotiUa, 2S5
Bo. ks, 10 preserve, iff1
Bonage, 107
Borrago, 107
B b, 328
Bottle 1 od root. 107
Bots, 232. 233*
Bourbon can.-, 205*
Bowels, 417
Bra', clod calalu, 141
Brassica, 130, 247*
Braailletto, 110
Bread fruit, 1 11
Bread nut, 1 14
Breast, 316, 432
Breath, 8, 534
Broad bean, 454
Broad leaf, 115
Broatl-leaf cht.ry, 198
Bromelia, 48. 0.0, 173
Broomwetd, 110"
Brosunum, 114 50*
Brown jolly, 278
Brunfelsia, 240
Bryonia, 1 IS
Bryohy, US
Bryum, 513
Buboes, 234
Bubroma, 59
Buchnera, 1 I 3
Bucida, 20*
Buckthorn, 119

Buciv

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

3S5

Buckwheat, 121
Buddleia, 122
Bugs, 17 96, ISO*
Bull-hoof, 123
Bull-rush, 133*
Billy tret-, 124.
Bumtlia, 58. 317*
Btipthalmtim, 25*
Bur-bark, 123
Bur-grass, 120"
Burn-nose-bark, 107
Burns, 30, l6'S, 227*
Burnwuod, 475
Bursera, 92
Buttons, 177*
Button weed, 127
Caacica, 1.07 s
Cabbage, 130

baik tree, 131

tree, 133

Cacao, 1S3
Cacoons, 137
Cactus, 408, 503, 235*
Cxsalpinia, 51, 110
Cajacia, 197*
Calabash, 139

-----nutmeg, 11*

Calalu, branched, Ml

■, prickly, 142

Calavanccs, 434
Calea, 303, 520
Calendula, 4;)S
Callicarpa, 143
Calophyllum, 139*, 220*
Caltrops, 144
Calyptrantbe*, 6l
Cameraria; 6'5
Campeachy wood, 46 t
Camphire nee, 144
Cancers, 101, 142, 79*
Candles, 150
Candlebeiry myrtle, 150
Candle wood, 146
Canella, 194
Cane. piece sensitive, 151
Canker berry, 152
Canna, 417
Canoes, 170
Caoutchouc, 113
Cape jasmine, 4j7
Capparis, 107
Cwpraria, 327, 277*

Caprification, 294
Capsicum, 355

Caiagua, 2 V.i

Cardinal flower, 153

Cardoon, 151

Carex, 160*

Carica, 36*

Carrot, 155

Carthamus, 71

Cashaw, 155

Cashew, 158

Cassada, 29, lfjl

Cassia, 151, lO'l, 363, US1,
163*, 203*

Cassidony, 255

Castor oil, 13*

Catamenia, 14, 31, 36, 140,
210,236,260,359, 410, 8*,
24*, 4S*, 197s. 2 14% 25S*

Catarrhs, 19S, 200,' 2 29

Calclaws, I

Catesbxa, 450

Cathartics, 1 1, 1 10, 164, 1(5.5,
166, 173,204,305,400,401,
419,445,498, 13*, 62*, 03*,

so*, 107s, 139s, 164*

Cat mint, 167

Cat-nail, 2*5*

Cat-tail, 108

Cattle, food for, 00, 83, 126,
140, 14 1., 231, 429, HO*,
133*, 184*, 215*, 220',
239% 284*

Caustic, 32

'Cayenne pepper, 353

Cecropia, 2 13

Cedar, S3, 163

Cedrela, 10'S
dine, 170

( • losia, 172, 205

Celtis, 394

Ctmi nt3, 7- 72s

Cenchrus, 120"

Centaurea, 10O

Cephdlus, 8, 10"8, 195, 190*

Ceraste, 172

Ceratophyllurs, 512

Cerbera, 174

Cestrum, 78 '

Charr^ro|;?, 23

Changeal re rose, 175

Chaste ireVj 176

D dd

Chaw stick, 177
Che, 18

Chene noir, 309
Cherimoya, 17S
Chickweed, 178, 179
Chegoes, 4S2
Chili milkwort, 1 18
China roo% 180
Chiocecca, 17-5
Chionanthus, 176
Chlori?, 252
Chlorosis, 9.% 17S*
Cho-cho, 182
Chocolate, 183
Christmas gambol, 1S1

pea, 64

pride, 1S9

Chr^sobalan'us, 21 I
Chrysophyllum, 259, 202*
Cinchona, 391
Cinerarij), 300
Cinnamon', 191

wild, 194

Circassian pea, 315*

tCissampelos, 254*

Cissus, 56, 262% 316*

Citharexylon, 291, 20*

Citron, 1 96

Citrus, 196, 451, 23% 171*

Cladiuni, 104

Clammy cherry, 197

Clathrus, 529

Clavaria, 530

Clematis, 262

Cleome, 07

Cletbri

Climbing sorrel, 199

Clinopodium, 282

Clitoris, 101

, wild, J.">
Clove-strife, i)[)
' Clovrn berries, 201
Clusia, 11
Cob-nut:, 203
Coccolobo, 76
Coccosypsilum, 205
Cochineal, 41 (>
Cocblearia, 384
Cockioaches, 84, 96, 43 4
Cock's comb, 205
Cockspur, 296
Cookstonea, 133

Cocoa-

39*

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

Gocoa nut, 206
Cocoa plum, 211
Eoco-baj , ' j
Cocoes, 2.1 1
<"( icoon, 22
God , Si i \ru 9i*
Coffea, 213, 318*
13,318*
Cogf, 76
Cogwood, 228
Golics, S, 22, 96, 2SS, 325,

376, 40'3, 4-77,500', 14*, 52*

290*
Gpioquinlida, 333
Colts foot, 228
Eolu, S7
C'oiumi/.a, 3
Gombrelum, 114*
inia, 230

mmelina, 239
Commeline, 2 - )
Comocladia, 47 5
Congo mahoe, 'J;9
C'or,ocarr;us; 10
I 1 umptJon's, 28, 140, 220,.

12% 2-12
Gontrayerva,
Convolvulus, 88, 1S9, 10/.

ulsionp, 30', 8*, 227*
Cony.' ,

Cooper's withe, 380
Coral tiee, 232
Corato, 234
Corbo santa, 293*
Corchorus, llG
Cordage, see ropes
Cordia, 197, 183*
Coreopsis, 230*
Coik, 12, 27 J, 187?
Corkwood, 11
Corns, 1 59
Gostus, 281
Cotton, 233
Cottonier de s"ie, 242?
Cotton tree, 248
Coughs and colds, 25, 30', 43,

1 10,210,255,456,457,487

Cowitch, 2 1 i

— — — , creeping, 250

Coycrs, 68

Crab gra.s, 83

Crab-yaws, 29, 409

Cramps, 15*

Ccanichis, 251

Crateva, 317,-

Crescen.iiB, 139

Ei .. 59

Crickets, 155

Gross-wort, 252

Crotalaria, 110*

Croton, 290

Cru' iated grass, 252

Cm kolds increase^ 43 i

Cucumber, -

Cucumis, 253, 53 1

Cucurbita,:3§2, 89*T201*,273*

Cudweed, . ' ;

Cupania, 400

Curcuma, .

Currant tree, 255, 390

Cuscuta, .

Custard apple, 256

Cynanchium, 256

Cynara, 3 t, 15 i

Cynomoriura, 25?

Cynosurus, 266

Cyperus, 7, l6l*

Cyrilla, 320

Cytisus, 6 i

Dagger plant, 258

Damson plum, 259

Dandelion,

Daphne, 436

Date plum, 2<50, 318*

tree, 26l

Datura, 227
Daucus, 15>
David's root, 175*
Deafness, 69, 252*
Debility, 95
Deliria, ) 1 S
Dentrifice, 177, 233*

il struent, 2+7
Diantbera, 40

Diaphoretic, sec pcrspirat;- n
Diarr! X8, 21, tl6, 466, 4S7
Dichondra, 26 t
Digi stion, 222,
Dill, 287
Diodia, 265
Dioscorea, 303
Diospyros, 260, 318*
Dirt-eating, 95, 160
Diuretics, 8, 33, 34, 36, 43,

224, 236, 244, 250, 26*0,,
310', 3(3, 375, 415, I ,
494, 14", 48*, 1S2*, 1 .
1-97*, 203*, 233*, 245 „24S\.
255', 302*, 305*, 307*

Dodder, 20'5

Bodonea, 220*

Dog's tail gras*1, 266

Dog's stones, 20'7

Digwood, 2(i8

D .licbos, 166, 244, 387

Dorstenia, 270

Down-tree, 271

Drinking hard, 219

Dropsy, S, 23, 34, 95,. 108,
159, 177, 232, 244, 273,
276, 310, 340, oiij, 411,
419, 417, 448, 453, 485,
10', 51*, 62 , 90*, 107*,
110* ISO'5, 204', 241,
258*, 307*, 31 •

Dry belly-ache, lG'4, 178, !''",
37*, 95*, 97*, 139% 313*

Duck weed, 272

Dumb cane, 272

Duranta, 275

Dutch grass, 207

Dutchman's laudanum, 123

Dwarf elder. 27 >

Dwarf pimpernel), 276

Dyes, 110, 150, 157,312,464^
18*, 79

Dyspepsia, 95, 3 IS'

Ear, pains, 08, 418

pustule?, 279

Ear-wort, 277

Ebony, 277, 278

Echites, 1 11

Eclipta, 318'

Eddocs, 211

Egg-plant, 279"

Ehretia, 61, 255-

Elaais, 26*

Electuary, 166

Elephantiasis, 60

Elcphantopus, 280

Elephant's foot, 280

Ellisia, 275

Emetics, 65, 204, 535, 80*

Einmolients, 122, 126, 143,
449, 12* 14*

Epidendrum, 0^9, 253*

Epileptics,.

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

395

Epileptics, 284, 507, 180#

Equisetun , 386

Erigcron, 414

Eriphia, 85

Erilhalis, 282

Ernodes, 200*

Eroteurr, 283

Errhine, 82

Erva cidriera, 190*

Eryngium, 283

Eryngo, 283

Erysipelas, 142

Erylhrina, 234

Erytbroxylon, 115*

Eschalot, 284

Essence of lemon tree, 146*

Ethnlia, 285

Eltow, 198

Eugenia, 126

Eupatorium, 36.9

Euphorbia, 2S6, 196*

Evolvulus, 91

Expectorant, 3l6

Eyes, cures for, 33, 41, 53,
'l? 1,147, 171, 234, 246,286,
299, 452, 65*, 71*, 101*,
1S4*, 252% 283*, 312*

Eye bright, 286

Eye-waters, 234, 65*, 71"

Fagara, 146*

False flower fence, 315

Fan-palm, 29*

Farcy, 79s

Felwort, 192*

Fences, 157,409,8-*, 48s, 585*

Fennel, 287

Fern, 288, SO*

female, 289

Feuillea, 22

Fever, 28, 31, 43, 48, 75, 95,
142, 146, 305,442,453, 9%
4S*, SO*, 10S\ 139*

Ficus, 293

Ficus derta, 74*

Fidiile wood, 291

Jig fee, 293

Films, 171, 286":, 305*

Fing'igo, 296

Fish-iutoxicators, 142, 177*,
216*, 217*

Fish poisun. 269

Fit weed, 283

Five- linger, 298

Flatulencies, 21, 357, 24*

Flrabanes, 298

Fleawort, 300

Flowif fence. 51

Fluxes, S, 28, 48, 77, 234,
242, 255, 256, 26'4, 300,
305, 350, 36'S, 377, 411,
487, 622, 71 , 89*, 101*,
184*, 312*

Foniinrtli\ 514

Forbidden frnit. 172*

Fork fern, 30l

Four o'clock, 498

Fowl lice, 180*

Fox glove, 79*

French cotton, 218*

honeysuckle, 304

— — — marygold, 308

oak, 39, 21*

physic nut, 63*

Fuchsia, 310

Fuirena, 464

Fungi, 528

Furze, 311

Fustic, 311

Galactia, 103

Galapee, 313

Galega, 326, 217*

Gangrene, 32

Garden balsam, 315, 432

cress, 59*

Gardenia, 426

Garlic, 315, 319*

Garlic pear trie, 317

Gehip tree, 318

GeofTroya, 130 "

Germander 319

Gesneria, 320

Geum, 36

Ghar.diroba, 22

Gi'ead, baNam, 147

Ginger, 322

Gsn^er grass 35*

Glanders, 186*

Glass, 138*; 158*

G asswort, 136*

Glechoraa, 347

Glycine, 113

Gnaphalium, 254

Goat friend, 326

Goat rue# 326

Odd*

Goat rue, shrubby, 113*

Goat weed, 327

Golden rod, 363

Golden rod tret, 328

Goidy locks, 328

Gomphrena, 40, 132*

Gonorrhna?, 64, 297, 376, 8*

Gooma, 142

Goose-foot, 331

Goose grass. 252

Gordonia, 46l

Gorse, 311

Gossypium, 238

Gouania, 177

Gourd, 332

Gout, 33, 69, 220, 236, 273,

312, 316, 324, 376, 446,

51«, 229*, 3J6*
Grafting, 172'
Granadilla, 333
Grand anther, 315*
Grapes, 77, 7S
Grape fruit, 171*
Grape, Jamaica, 393
Grape vine, $34
Grass, 336
Grass, bearded, SI

, bent, 82

, bur, 126

, iron, 128

Graiiola, 269

Gravel, 33, 220, 35^ 535,

409, 3*
Grtai corn, 336
Green nil lie, 339
Giias, 19
Grignon, 21*
Gripes, 21, 33
Ground ivy, 347
Ground nuts, 34S
Groundsel, 41 1
Guaiacum, 444
Guarea, 53 I
Guava, 350
Gui^andina, 385, 7*
Guinea corn, 351
— — — — grass, 353
. hen weed, 354

• worms, 317, l6*, 319*

Gum animi, 462

arabic, 160, 170,359

Gum

59(5

HORTUS JA MAI C ENS-IS.

Gum tree, S6l
Gymnanthes, 36.2
Hajmatoxylon, 464
Haemorrhage, 71*
Halbert weed, 363 .
Hamellia, 364
Hard grass, 365
Head-ache, 69, 75, 82, 142,.

210. 229, 279, 302, 305,

3o'7, 442, S§*
Head-ache weed, 3G7
Heart, pains, 447
Heart peas, 3()'7
Hedera, 432
Hedyosmum, CC>7
liedy. ti», 277
iledybarum, 304
Helianthus, 21 •'
Heliconia, 6<)
Helic teres, 152*
Heliotropium, 248
Helleborine, 369
Helvella, 530
Hemionitis, 526
Hemlock, -
Hemp, 419, 4("9
Hemp agrimony, 36
Hemp, plantain
Hernandia, 389
Hibiscus, 175, 418, 463,

12*, 319*

Jlicccry nut, 207*
Hnfia, 372
Hippocratca, 373
Hippsmane, 36l, 4S2
Hjrtella, 37 1
Hoarser.es-, 385
HotTmanr.ia, 374
Hogs, food for. 70, 204, 27-,
29S, 339, 351 .182*

Hogshead heading, 243
Hpg-gtim tree, 37 1
Hog plum, 186"

Holcus, 35*1, 353

Hilly rose, 378
Holosteum, 17s
Homalium, 3SO
Honeysuckle, 304, 40'
Hoops, 5, 79, 297, 1S3*
Hoop-tree, 79
Hoop withe, 3 SO

Hoop withe, bastard, 5
Hops, substitute for, 96
Horn flower, 381
Horn wort, 512
Horse bean, 3S2

cassia, 383

purge, 339

purslane, 384

raddish, 384

raddish tree, 3S5

tail, 386

Hudsonia, 310*
Hura, 13S*
Hydnura, 530-
Hydroci tyh . 49*
Hydropic, 30
Hyraenea, 4fil
Hypelate, 387
Hypnum,
Hypochondria, 75
Hypoxis, 2

Hysterics, 75, 122, 284, 355y

506, 24*. 225*, 3 IS*
Jaack tree, SSS, 319*
Jack in the box, 3 1
Jack in the bush, 2yo*
Jacquinia, 390
Jamaica bark. 3<)1

bilberry. 393

grape,

" ~ PePPeri

■ plum, ISO*

nettle tree, 39 1

Salop,

walnut, 267

Jasmine, 396
Jasminum, 3(}6

Ja mine tree, 3< ,

Jatropha, l6l 62'

Jaundice, S6, 46"0, 510,2 17*

Ibira p'tmga, 1 1 1

Jerusalem thorn, 398

Jesuit's ba;k, substitutes fcr>

59,95, 124, 391, 91*
Jews mallow, 1 IS
Mecebrum, 131
Impatiens, 315
Indian cress, 402

currant, 1 -

fig, 40S

< groundsel, 414

Indian kale, 4.35.
madder, 18»

maiz, 336

mallow, 4l6

raul berry, 41 6

pink, 399

rubber, 113

savin tree, 111

shot, 417

soirel, 413

Indigo, 419

Indigo berry, 426
Indigofera, 419
Inflammations, 140, 142, 9
Itiga tree, 42*8
Ink; 101, 111, 157, 325,

89*
Job's tears, 42S
Ipomoea, 399
Iresine, 4.";)
Iron grass, 12S

moulds, 88

shrub, 430

wood, 115*

wort, 282"

Itch, 273, 181*, 204', 245-

I tea, 430

Juglans, 267

Jukato, 79

Jungermaniiia, 517

Juniperus, 83

Jussk'ua, 98

Justicia, 431

Ivy, 432

Ixora, 2S3*-

Kelp, 15S*

Kibed heels, 168

Kidney beans, 433

Kidnies, ulcerated, 15, 2jj, 2*

King's spear, 35

ngia, 434
Lace-bark tree, 436
I etia, 119*
Lacistema, IV
Lactuca, 4 12
Lancewood, 437
Laugeria,
Laurus, 37, 78, 82,191,

Lava 1 dula, 439
Lavxndi r, 439
Laver.ia, 440

Lead

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

29/

Lead wort, 234
Leersia, 441
Legnotis, 441
Lemon, 451
Lemon grass, 442
Lepidium, 58*
Leprosy, 60, 69
Letluce, 442
Libby, 135
Licca tree, 443
Lice, 15
Lichen, 45S
Lignum rorum, 147
Lignum vita;, 444

— — ' bastard, 447

Lilac Iree, 79
Lillo, 47
Lily, 448, 430
Lily-thorn, 430
Lima bean, 434
Lime, 451
Limodorum, 395
Linseed tea, 12*
Lion's tail, 259
Lippia, 454
Liquorice weed, 455

. — ■ wild, 456

Lisianthus, 457

Liver complaints, 177, 4Sq,

3-*, 50*
Liver* i' rt, 458

gruund, 519

Lobelia, 152
Loblolly, 46'0, 220*

ba), 401

Locust-tree, 46l
Lofty gr*ss, 464
Logwood, 464
L^ins pain.-- in 7
Lonchites, 195*
I.o senesses, 242
Lo«se-stii .-, Ci :;''
Loiamhus, 5D8
Love apples, 234*
Love-in a-n ist, 466
Ludwigia, 466
Lungs, 210
Lycopr»iiu>T), 303
Ljtfhrum, Si'O*
Macaca beetle 243
Macci^ bill r, 476
Macaw busli, 245

Macaw tree, 467
Macrocnenum, 277*
Mad apDle, 280
Madness, 17, 227*
Madre de cacao, 235
Mafooto, 137,
Maggots', 15.*4S2, 114*
Maguly, 236
Maboe, 468. 319*
Mahogany, 470
Maiden hair, 472

plantain. 74"

plum, 475, 525

Maiz, 336
Majoe-bitter, 476
Malabar nut, 432
Malachra, 284*.
Malaxis, 47S
Mallows, 479
Malphighia, 48
Malva, 479
Mammr-a, 4S1
Mammee tree, 481
Mamraee-sapota, 480
Manatee grass, 250*
Manchioneal, 4S2
Mandarin broth, 252*
Man-dram, 358
Mangel 204*. 2,45*
Mangel wiirzel, S2*5
Mangifera, 485
Mango, 4S5
Mangrove, 77. 4S7"
Mannettia, 485
Maranta, 30
Marattia, 489
Marcgravia, 49O
Marchantia, 519
Marjoram, 492
Marmalade, 480'
Mar-h mallows, 402

samphire, 13(5*

trefoil, 496

Marsilea, 496
Marvel of Peru, 497"
Marygold, 30S, 4yS
Mastic, 55
Mattrass. s, 1.0 ■ 72*
Mats, 16"S, 27*
Meadow-grass, 499
Meajirim, S*
Measles, 31, 16*

Mechuacana, 21S*

Mi-Iampodium, 500

Melastoma, 403

Melia, 79

Melic grass, 500

Melicocca, 31S

Melissa, 74

Melochia, 503

Melon thistle, 504

Melothria, 280"

Mentha, 506'

Menstrua, see Catamenia

Menlzelia, 504

Mcnyanthes, 4'jG

Mice, 16S

Milium, 505

Milk, to clear, 30

Milk wood, 504

Milk wort, 448

Millet, 351

Millet grass, 505

Millet, reed, SJ*

Mimosa, 137, 155, 359, 428,

2s, 167"
Mint, 50,6
Mirabilis', 4-97'
Misletoe, 507, 508
Mnium, 514
Mobby, 219*
Moceber, 15
Molluga, 179
Mombin batard, 536
Momordica, 172
Moonwort, 510-
Morxa, 511
Morass-weed, 512
Morinda, 416
Morirs, oil
Mountain broom, 520

calalu.?, 78*

damson, 521

grape, 78

grass, 522

pennyworth, 50-'

— pride, 524

reed-grass, 525

wild olive, 311*

Mouth water, 157*
Moving plant, 308
Mugwort, 299"
Mule's fern, 526
lluntingia, 52?

Muscat--

3*S

BORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

Muscus, 512

Mushrooms, 528

Musk-melon, 531

Musk oclira, 533

Musk wood, 534, 535, 31S*

Mustard, 108, 10<)

Myginda, £36"

Myrtles, 537

Myrtus, 75, 98, 537, 66*

2i'ama, 1*

Narcotics, 11,123,27+, 368,

£28*, 306*. 312*
Nascbeny,. 2*

■ bully tree, 124>

Navtl-wort, 4.9

Necklaces, 456, 315*

Nigressee, 311*

Nepeta, 16'7

Nephritic disorders, 8, 2*

Nephritic tree, 2*

Nerium, 181*

Nettle tree, 394, 6*

Nettles, 4*

Nhandiroba, 22

Nickars, 7*

Nicotiana, 231*

Night shades, 9*

Nipples, crarki-d, 14-2

Noisetier, 204

Nose, bleeding', 33

Nutmeg, American, 10*

Nympha»a, 270

Oak of Cappadocia, 298*

Obstiuclions, 36, 52, 21J>

Ochva, 12*

Ochroma, 271

Ocymura, 53

Oil, 242, 13«, 27*, 62*, 183*

Oil plant, 251*

Oil-nut-tree, 1.3*

Oldenlaiidia, 17s

Old min's board, IS*

Old woman's bitter, -177, 2Q«

Olive-bark tree, 20*

Olive mangrove, 2i*

Olyra, 428

Ompbalea, 203

Onion, 22*

Opbioglossuro, 1 70*

Ophiorrhiza, 169*

Opiates, see narcotic*

J»puntia. I

Orange, 23*

Orchis, 267

Origanum, 402

Orniihopus, 94

Orjza, 117*

Osmunda, 510

Otaheite apple, 126*

Otabeite cane, 205*

Oxalis,- 304*

Ox-eye, 25*

Ox-eye beans, 387

Palma t'hristi, 13*

Palm oil. 468. 2b*

Palmetto oil, 27*

Palmetto royal. 2S*

Palmetto, smaller, 23*

Palsy 440

Pancratum, 448

Panic grass 29*

Panicum, 2.9*, 151*

Papaw tree, 36*

Papaw wood, 475

Parkinsonia, 398

Parrot gum tree, 361

Parrot weed, 170

Parsley, 38*

Parthenium, 299*

Paspalum, 12.9

Passiflora, 123, 333, 466, 39*,

270*
Passion flower, 39*
Pattas, 33
Paulllniii, 215*
Pea. 44*
Pear-withe, 45*
Peas, to preserve, 45*
Pectin, 30S
Pectorab, 38, 229, 242, 243,

348, 456
Pelican flower, 45*
P.nguir , 48*
Pinny royal, 507
Pinny worth) ate', 4£
Peplis, 275
Pepptr elder, 50.
Pepper g as1', 58*
Peppermint, 506
P.pper pot, 12*, 3:.b'
Perd'cinm, 59*
T. ri-.vinkle, 60*
Pernambuc-, 111
fttaloroa, 174*

Fetun, 232*

Peziza, 531

Peter's wort, 60*

Pttiveria, 354

Pharus, 284*

Phaseolus, (>9, 433

Phlegm, 14. 21

Phcenix, 26l

Phyllanthus 6l*

Pbysalis, 302*

Physic-nut, 62*

Phytolacca, 78*

Pickles 43, 82: 88, 359, 3?«,
279*, 2 SO*

Picramnia, 476

Pigeon pea, 64*

Pigeon wood, 65*, GS*

Pig-nut, 204

Piles, 64, 62*

Pimer.ta, 66*

Pimpcrnell, 11"

Pimpinclla, 21

Pinang, 86

Pindars, 348

Pineapple, 69*

Piper, 223. 50*

Piscidia, 26'8

Piss abed, 204

Pistia, 272

Pisum, 44*

Pitcairnid, 149*

Pl«ntag», 70*

Plantain, English, 70*

Plantain tree, 71*

Plants, to prtM rve, 16

Pleurae*. 357, 503

Plou, 86

Plumbago, 234*

Plumeria, 397

PJume-liee, 77*

Poa, 499

Pockw.xd, 444

Poison, 80 14fj, 154, I.f7,
l6l, 212 457. 483, 531,
50*. 7S*, 144*, 175", 181*,
255*

Pois n, antidotes, S 23 28 29,
31 69. 152 163 209 38<fc
418. 159*, ISO*. 1S1%, 197%
19S*, 203', 2;2*, '2-7D*

Poison-bei i.es, 7S*

V— — — boo »^cj, 45''

Pokewced

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

3DS»

Pokewenl, 73*
polygonum, 32 121
Polygale, 447

1' •-.lypo.iiu.n, 80*

Polytrichum, 513

Pomegranate, 83*

Pompion, 89

Pondweed, 272, 20*

Pone, 219*

Pontedena, 275*

Popes heads, 503

Poponax, 156

Portulacca, 107

Portlandia, 91*

Potamogeton, 90*

Potatoes, 92*

Pothos, 93*

Pot-herbs, 107, US, 130. 142,

143,331,415, 12*, 64*
Pnserves, 211, 486
Prickly pear, 403
Prickly pole, 94*
Prickly yellow wood, 95"
Prickly withe, 413
Primrose willow, 93*
Prirtcc wood, 183*
Prinos, 302*
Psidium, 350
Psychotria, 100*
Pterocarpus, 106*
Pteris, 2S9
Pthisic, 71*
Purakin, 90*
Punica, S3*
Purges, see Cathartics
Purging sea bindweed, 10~*
Purslane, 107*
Pyrus, 2t

Quassia, 94, 520, 3L3*
Rabbits, 316*
Rabies canina, 519
Raddish, 1O.0*
Pamoon, 110*
Paphanus, 109*"
Paquette, 409
Rats, 175*
Red bead tree, 110*

vine, 1 1 1*

Red bean tree, 234
Red bully tree, 59, 317*
Red dye, 3*
Redhead, 64

Red wred, 143 79*
Red-witbe, 114

Red wood, 1 15

Peed liiace, l63

Rennet, 154

Resins, 93, 147

Rebtringents, 270, 350, 4SS,

509
Rhamnus, 110
Rheumatism 25,312,316, 0 IS,

4l6,9*,27s,5r,i70>, 17s*

Rhexia, 5

Rhodium, IS-^'

Rhus, 075

Piccia, 519

Rice, 1 1 7, 242*

Pic in us, 13*

Ringworms, 144, 171, 273,

37*. US", 159*. 204*
Ringworm shrub, lis*
Rocht Ionia, liy*
Ricou, 27
Rod wood, 119"
Rogue Hig, 44*
Rondeletia, 129?
Ropes, 126, 134,209,271,419,

46'9, 4s*, 75s, 244*
Rosa, 125*
Rose,>l25*
Rose-apple, 126*
Rosemary, 127*
Rosmarinus, 127*
Rosewood, 146
Rot in sheep, 39*
Rottboellia, 127*
Rue, 128*
Ruellia, 189, 191*
Running grass, 129*
Ruptures, 36
Rupturewort, 131*
Rushes, 132*
Ruta, 12S*
Saccharum, 204*
Sage, 135*
Sage rose, 373
Saggen, 75*
Saggittaria, 29
Sago, 135*, 136*
Salicornia, 136'*
Salivation, 360
Salop, 395
Salt, fixed, 244.

Sah-wor!, 136*
Samara, 1.37*
Sambo, 0/
Samphire, 137*', 157*

marsh, 136*

Samyua, 201

Sand-box, 13S

Santa .Maria, 139, 320*

leaf, 225

Sapindus, 413, 177*

Sapadilla, 2*

SarsaparUla, 1 11*

Satureia, 1 17'

Salyrion, 1 13*

Satyrium, 143*

Savanna flower, 144**

Savin-tree, 146*

Savory, 147*

Scailet pitcajrnia, 149s

Scarlet seed, 1 i '

Scarbet nufar, 27 2

Schoefferia, 150'

Schoenus, 103

Schwenkfeldia, 150*

Scirpus, 132*

Scleria, 365

Scoevola, 148*

Scoparia, 455

Scorpion, 218*

Scotch grass, 151*

Screw- tree, 152*

Scurvy, 155, 195, 348, 403,

452, 9", 23*, 24*, 209*
Sea mahoe, 469
Seaside balsam, 291*
■ germander, 153*

grape, 76

laurel, 154*

plum, 155*

purslane, 157

reed, 2^0"

Seaweeds, 157*
Sechium, 182
Securidaca, 160*
Sedge, 16'0*
Senna, 163*
Sensitive plants, l67**
Serapias, 369
Serpent root, 169*
Serpent wythe, 232
Serpent's tongue, 1?0*
Sesamnm, 251*

Sesuvlura,

4C0

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

Scsuvium, 157""

Seven year pea, 64*

Seven year vine, 400

Seville orange, 23'

Shaddock, 171s

Sheep- bane, 49*

Sheep-rot, 39*, 59*

Ships bottoms, 15, l6

Shrub, 453

Sida, 492

Silk cotlon tree, 243

Silk grass, 173*

Silk-worms, 60

Siver wood tree, 174*

Sisymbrium, 269

Sisyrynchium, SI

Small pox, 31, 312*

Smilax, 180, 141*

Snake gourd, 174*

Snake-root, 8

Snake-wood, ] 19. 243

Snap dragon, 191*

Sneezing, 104

Snowberry, 175*

Snow drop trer, 176*

Soap berry tree, 177*

Soaps 48, 150, 237, ~SS, 406,

445, 495 27% 13b", 177%

187*, 316*
Solandra, 178, 241
Solanum, 141, 152, 279, S',

92 \ 234% 245*
Sonchus, 1
Soonga, 2

>ra, 1 12*
Sorrel, climbing, 199

■ Indian, US

rose, ] 1

Sour grass, 523

Sour and sweet sops, 179'

Soushumber, 2

South s<a rose, 181*

Sow bane, 33 1

Sow thistle, isr
Spanish calalue, 80*

elder, 52 '

elm, IS.'

nettle, 183*

-' plum, 1S5*

Spathelia, 525
mint, 506
i:iaioce, 12*7
5

Spider-wort, 187*

Spigelia, 305*

Spikenard, 189*

Spilanthus, 191*

Spirit leaf, 191*

Spleen, 302, 259*

Spleenwori, 192*

Spleenwoit, rough, 195*

Spondias. 185*

Spurge, 196"

Spurge, branched, 200*

Squash, 201*

Stcechas, 255

Stains, 188, 305*

Staph) lea, 201*

Star-apple, 202*

Siarch, 31

Star of Bethlehem, 202s

Staves. 60, 19, 362, 485, l^r- ,

315*
Stavewood, 52"
Stemodia, 1 .">."!■
Stings, 75. 349
Sliiiking weed,
Stomachics, 21,2:', 2S 69,75*

86, 95, 101, 111. 1 17. 159,

177, 1£5, 219, 232 284,

305, 324 359, 363., 38 1,
153 0(5,-24 il*, 68*,

91*

230 , 253*, 25! . .

307% 31V
Stone, see gnu 1 I
Strainer vine, 174
tu berry pear, 413
• santhi s, 237
Styptic, O'l. 528
Styptic bur, 259
Sugar bean, ! '

■ cane, 204*

Sugar cane drink. 2 I
Suirsack,
Sui fi iwer, 214*
Supple jack, 2 '.
Suriana, 216
Surinam calalue, 79*
Surinam poison, 217*
Swsllow-wori, 217*
Swamp-pea, /&
Sweating; 28. 31
Sweet broomwM il, 155
Sweet potatoe, 219 '
Sweetwood, 2 .

Sweetwood, shrubby, 146, 1^7>

149
Swelling, 23, 33
Swelling, schirrous, 4-1
Si itch-sorrel, 220*
Symplcc is, 221*
Tabaxir, 43
Tabtrna?moiitana, 222 '
Tag, 1, s, 309
Tamarind t ee, 223*
Tamarindus, 223*
Tamarind, wild, 297*
Tanacetum, 225*
Tantecium, 45**
Tanning, 269, 488, 21*
Tansey, 225% 29*8*
Tapioca, 103*
T<tits, 49, 98, 419
Tea, 223
Teeth, S6
Teramnus, 225
isidlia, 115
Ternsirot mia, 226
Terra japini a, *: 6
Tetters, 2,
Teucrium, 310
Thatch, 301, 2S% 133*, 250*
Thatch tree, 2? '
Theobroma, 1S3
Tliorn apple, 2 .'7
Then: . 169*

Three-homed shrub, 229*
Thiinax, 27
1 t sore, 45, 152, 180,

3 1 2
Thrush, -IS
'! uja, 24

ne, 230*
ThymuJ, 230*
Tiekseeded sunflower* 230*
'1 12.-1% I. <t, SO

I dsin, 18
Timber, 1 1 16

Timber sweet w'ood
Tirob( ■ •■ - 78, 84, 97, 1 10,

114, llti, 1-20 L24, 131,

170, 22S, 268, 2'(2 309,

312, 41 I ' ■ ■

504, 21 ■ 65 , 6'6 . L16*,

120 . 1 , I*, 18

221 - 11 ,31

Tobacco, 231*
Tomato beiries, 234*

Tom.

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

ie\

Tom Bontein's bush, 477

Tooth ache, 33, 229, 278, 355,
358, 278*, 303*

Tooihwon, 234

Torch-tbisile, 23-5*

Touch-me-not, 315,

Tourneforlia, 53

Tradescantia, 187*

Tragia, 250

Tree Atr.pa, 237*

Trefoil, 237^

Trianthema. 384

Tribulus, 144. 246*

Tricira, 229*

Tiichilia, 535, 319*

Trichomanes, 32S

Trichosanthes, 174*

Triopteris, 238*

Tripsacura, 239*

Triumfetta,-125

Trixis, 240*

Trophis, 110*

Tropoeolum, 402

"Trumpet flower, 309, 240*

Trumpet flower, peach colour-
ed, 241*

Trumpet reed, 242*

Ttumpet-tree, 243*

Tulip-tree, 468

Tumours, 32, 63*, 180

Turkey-berries, 245*

■ ■ • berry tree, 197

blossom, 246*

Turks heads, 503

Turmeric, 246*

Turnera, 378

Turnip, 247*

Turnsoles, 248*

Turtle-grass, 250
. Tussilago, 250, 350

Tyle berries, 63*

Typha,--168

Ulcers, 15, 22, 33, 36. 53, 65,

• 96. 101, 125, 147, 155, 159,
163, 171, 182, Ipl, 210,
234, 236, 270, 279, 300,
363, 376, 406, 409, 452,
478, 523 3*, 51*. '79*, 95"*,
159*, 192*, 227*, 233*,'
245*, 24S*, 25S*. 259*,
283*, 294*, 299*, 312*

Ulex, 311

Uriola, 263*

Urena, 416

Urtica, 275, 4»

Utricularia, 264*

Uvaria, 437

Vaccinitim, 393

Valantia, 25-2

Vnnolo, 251*

Vanilla, 253*

Varnish, 93

Varronia, 296*

Velvet-bur, 259*

Velvet leaf, 254

Venereal disease, 3S, 93, 181,

234, 298, 381, 445, 456,

463, 477, 16*, I76*, 192s,

197*. 19S*, 204*
Verbena, 257*
Verbesina, 255*
Vermifuge, see worms
Vertigo, 440, 48*, 75", 224*
Vervain, 257*
Viburnum, 261* .
Vinca, 60*
Viue-sone), 261*
Vinegar, 419, 48*. 75*, 224*
Virgin's bower, 262*
Viscum, 507
Vitex, I76
Vitis, 334, 393
V. Ikameria, 66, 264*
Vomitings, to restrain, 8, 163,

453
Vulneraries, see wound herbs
Wainscotting, 84
Wake robins, 265*
Wallenia, 266*
Walnu!, Jamaica, 267*
Waltheria, 267*
Warts, 16'7, 2S6, 487, 197s
Water-cress, '26'9*

. geimanwer, 154

— i — hyssop, 269*

lemon, 270*

lilly, 270*

■ melon, 27-3*

pennyworth. 49*

plantain, 278*

plantain, great, 274*'

purslane, 275*

withe, 394

Wattle "tree. 3 IS*
E e e

Wax, 150

Weinmaunia, 275*

West Indian laurel, 276*

West Indian tea, 277*

Whalebone, 94

Whey, 200

Whin, 311

White-rot, 49

White-thorn, 277*

White wood, 220, 278*

Whortleberry, 393

Wild cane, 279*

cucumber, 2S0*

■ ginger, 280*, 281*

■ hops, 282

indigo, 159

jasmin, 283$

lemon, 146

oats, 284*

■ ochra, 284*

olive, 285*

pine, 286*

rosemary, 290*

sage, 293*, 296*

spikenard, 261*

tamarind, 297*

tansey, 298*

wormwood, 299*

yam, 308*, 316*

Willow herb, 300*

Wind expellers, 8, 49

Wines, 77, 27*, 43*, 70*, 9"
117*

Winter berry, 302*

Winter cherries, 302*

Wolf's claw, ?03s

Wolongo, 252*

Wood grass, 36*

Wood sorrel, 304*

Worms, cures for, 14, 15, SC,
65, SO, 96, 131, 155. 232,
244, 305, 339, 463, 14*,
57*, 48*, 210* 225*, 25S",
305*. 307*

Worm-grass, 305*

Wormwood, 306s

Wound-herb,, 29. 36,39,42,
69, .93 147, 173 1.90, 243,
2S1,348 3('<3 '7V I 1.6,456,
524. 71* 96r',99* 141*,i92*
2l'l*,2l6*,235*,244*,-2o5*,
259*, 2S2*, 294*, 311*

Wovnd"

4dS

Woundwort, 30?*
Xanthoxylum, 95*
Ximenia, 155*
Xylophilia, 155*
Xylopia, 97
Yams, 308*

Yaws, 273, 446, 478, Sa,
98*, 141*, 258*,

HORTUS JAMAICENSIS.

16*,

Yaws in poultry, 17s*
Yaw-weed, 417
Yellow balsam, 291*

dye, 292

' fever, 357

sanders, 148, 310*

thistle, 311*

Yoli, 232*
Yucca, 258
Zea, 336
Zebra wood, 66*
Zezegary, 251*
Zizania, 242*
Zostera, 250*

FINIS.

ERRA T Ai

3 from bottom, for " extract," read

VOLUME I.

?REFACE page iv. line 9, for " surgeon-general," read " physician-genera/ *»Meh office was held by Doctor

Wright, from 1785 to 1792.
Page 3 line 3, after "blackish," add " Browne ca'ls this plant Mouutaia/ahee.'
. 4 17, for "perianthium," read " pericarpuim." /

5 , after the geueral character of Acidoton, insert the speci/ rrame, " TJrens. Stinging.'

5 SI, dele " ACISANTHERA."

-■ i 6, - after line 13, insert " Acom, see Yams."

— — 6, after line 14, insert " Adder's Tongue, see SERPENT-fl'ONGUE.'

9, - after line 5, insert " African Maiiygold. see FrenqMarygold.*

9, 8, for'- Samphire," read " Seaside Plkmane"

9, 9, for " Genus Doubtful," read " Blighia Sapida."

■ 11, 8, after " Sei.f-Heal," add " and Savwry."

12, 6, add "and Nutmeg American."

— , atter line 8, insert " Allophyllus, see Cominia." ,

■ 16, 5, fiom bottom, for " aquatic," read " aqueous;

•' tincture."
— — 19, — - 30, dele " see Hedyotis."

21, after line 11, insert " Angei.yn-Tbee, see Cabbie-Bark Tree."

24, 18 deie '« see Quince."

36, 21, for " Mmwgyniu" read " Pnlygynia."

38, tin reference at the toot of the species of Lanrus^hould read,." see Benjamin, Bay Trees,

Camphire, Cinnamon, Cogwood, and Sw/twood. '

— — 43, 10, for " very deservedly and very generally," read; very generally and very deservedly."

50, 24, add " The baik of the small b.auches may fceised for Peruvian bark." (Dancer's M. A.

page 387 ) Same page, last line, for " PRicf-Y Pear,' read " Indian Fig."

> 57, 11, for" subdentulis," rjead « ' snbdent atis "

■ - — , 15, after " climbing," inseit, " to the tops of iheMlest trees, and common in Jamaica wood?.'

, 26, after " berry round i h," read, " smooth, redojh on one side ; one seeded; seed rugged, of a

biting taste, 1 IK. arum"

— — 59, 2', after " rays," insert, " in five parcels of two feh, so that there are thirty anthers."

■ , 23, after " three," read ' adhering."

• 61, 20, for " see Germander," read, " see Seasid/Germander.'

at foot of the page insert, " Bastard Jasm/e, see Poison Berries. "
after .second paragiaph, inseit, " see CvNAfHiuM." Same page, before " Bastard unevs
Tree," inseit •■ Bastard Lignum Vnjj^fe Buckthorn, and Lignum Vit.e Bastard."

61, add, " This plant is (ailed Wild Pear in siie places."

23, after " plantain," inseit, " whi h are bar/ rough, and stone-like."

— 20, aad •' il flowers in July and August."

after line 29, insert, '-"Bead Bush, see "Iichilia

alter the article " Benjamin Tree," insft, " see Avocado, Bay, Camphire, Cinnamox,

Cogwowd. and Sw eetwood, Trees."/
after the account of " Bermudas CedarJ insert, " In Lienanea Mountains, Juniper Cedars

havt-been cut down, three feet in dia^ter, and 70 in length.;'
la«t two lines, dele " Jalap aid Scamm»ny."
after line 22, inseit. " BiTCHWOOD, st/DoGWoOD."

afier tbe article " Black Cherry," insert, " see Bay Berry, Bastard Greeniieart,.
Myrtle, and Pimenta." /

100, after line 19, insert " Bladderw«r/, see Utbic-jlaria."

110, 20, for " t. 132" read " 231." I

4, from bottom, add " Browne calls tfs tree Bastard Nicaragua."
after line 3, from bottom, inse, t, "Broad leaved Cherry, see Clammy Cherry."
last line, dele " Honeysuckle," aid insert, " Love in a Mist."
at foot ol page add, '• Byssus, serf^EA Weeds "

in the reference, end of first paragraph, dele " East India Ebony and PopeNAi,"
17. dele " Sassafras," and insert " SVveiTWOod."
dele line 4.
7, due Wild Indigo.
after line .6, insert " Cape Jasmins, see Indigo Berry.-'
last line, dele " Wild Indigo,"
dele the article '• Celosh, tne sime having been re-inserted under tbe name Cockscoms.-"

18a, — 30, add, " hogs eat the leaves as wel as fruit of this yine heartily,"

P*SS»

TPaje 189, line is, dele " XitAPid Scamm*ony.''
190, 20, the paiagrapb ginning, " This is the Self-Heal," Arc. and the following quotation from Bar*

ham. should . placed after the 13th line of the following page, as the Self-Heal is the spe>

cies blechum cK lellin, and not the paniculata."
— — 194,- — -34, for " Sassafras" ad " Sweetwood."

1 98, 27, after ." stamer*B"nsert, '• the flowers Iiave sometimes 7 stamens and 7 segments in the corolla."

■ 21 i, 16, for " root" real'* roots."

. — -228, after the articl/" Cos; wood," insert, see " Avocado, Bay, Camphire, Cinnamon, and

SW EET WO013TR EES."

242,— 5, from bottom, rd " irregularly three or five cleft."

4, from ditto, aftei' incumbent" read, " with a yellow winding border."

— — — ■ .3, from ditto, after germ" read, " flat at bottom." — After " stamens" read, " There is a round-
ish knob at fo> where the stamens are uniud, with five indentures, between which and
the germ it is t-ead-like."

- 256, after article " Cltard Apple," insert, " see Alligator Apple, Cherimola, Sour and

Sweet Sops."
275, after the article '-)i>Md Cane," add, '^ see Cocoes, Fiye-Finger, Indian Kale, Wake

Robins."

280, -— 7, from bottom, for " :icM,f read " branched."

281, 16, read " white flowers

298, after line 8, insert, ' ee SensitiV#Plants."

■ , after the article " Fiv-Finger," insert " see Cocoes, Dumb-Cane, Indian Kale, Wake

HoBINS.

308, after the article " Freth Honeysuckle," insert, " see Trefoil;" also " French Jas.

mine," Swallow W»x."

■ 312, 13, from bottom, tor " incoijderably" read " inconsiderately."

317, 22, after " oblong" add, " g.oved."

318,- — - 15, instead of " the fluweis e of a purple colour," read, " The stamens are very long, nume-
rous, and pin pie. giving appearance of purple to the whole flower, though the petals are
whitish. They grow ini.jre clusters, and give the tree a very beautiful appearance."

324, ■- — 14, for " once at a time" read,' one at a time."

3„7, 3, add, " see Red Bead '1 re •■

.30, add, " sec West India Te."

At end of first paragraph, ;ld, " Jn the year 1811, it bore 2750 bunches of fine fruit.

flfoa. Mag. Sept 1811."
- 9, from bottom, after " Lemo " insert " Lofty ;" and in the second line after, place UN 10 J .a
after Turtle.

■ in, from bottom, read, " in pre v larjre doses."

■ it, for" Pentundria" lead " De^dria."
• 13, from bottom, redd. " iik. I. "

after line 16, read, " see Coconut and Prickly Pole."
after line 3, insert, sec " Bull Tree and Najeberry."

■ 12, from bottom, for" SRRiATus,"ead " Striatus."

"VO,UME II.

9, at corner of running title, read " Iigutsiiabes."

IS, - — - 2, lor" or. 8," riad " or. 9."

?6, 10, for " cl. 25," read " cl. 22."

52, 15 from bottom for " DicTACLYON,"ead " Distachyoh."

91, 2, for " cl. 25," read " cl. 21."

— — ■ 109 10, from bottom, tor " cl. 5," read " Cl 15."

127 last iis-e. for •• cl. 3," read " CL. 23."

ISO 7, for " or. 8," read " OR. 9."

15'J 16, for " OR. 5," read " ok. ?."

174 4, from bottom, foi •' or. 9," read " or. n."

178 & 179, the aaicle " Solamjra, " should have ben omitted, as it is again described under the Englisfi

name Trumpet Flower Peach-Colo red.

■ 193 88,'for " paarts" read "1 aits;" and line 37, br"gronnd' read " ground."

195 5, (ioni bottom, for " moderately" read" mulerately."

214 alter Exports of Sugar, a Id, " 18i3. '.V,.J1; bog -heads, 10.029 tierces, and 2304 barrels.

226 7, for " Vn1.1p11.1s," read " Vdupi LIS.*'

263 23, for " Diandna." read " Triandria."

267 s:, for " ok. 7," lead " or. 8."

273 5, for " on. I," read " or. lO."

196 19, for " biandhes" rend " branches."

— — 316 31, read " voraciously fond,."