Boge? cS 5 Copyright N° |e. O COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT: HOW TO GROW ROSES DEDICATED BY THEIR PRESIDENT TO THE MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY (INCLUDING PROSPECTIVE MEMBERS) THIRTEENTH EDITION, 1920 REVISED AND ENLARGED By ROBERT PYLE, President THE CONARD & JONES CO. WEST GROVE, PA. Copyright, 1920, by The Conard er Jones Co. Contents ae: THe AMATEUR’S ROSE-GARDEN . ESTABLISHING IDEALS f ; Tue Rose-Lover’s Cena OF Omsramnons WHERE TO PLantr Roses PREPARING TO Grow RoOSEs . Drainage . Soils Fertilizers . . When to Plant Treatment on Arrival PVANGING = 4 Staking the Roses . Labeling : Plotting Mulching . PROTECTING THE Rosas From Frost . From Enemies. . PRUNING . . . How to Use This Pruning Information . . . Own Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses . . SELECTING THE ROSES . . ‘ Family Groups and Abbreviations . . Terms Used to Describe Appropriate Uses One Hundred and Sixty-two Choice Roses Roses FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES AND USEs . SELECTIONS FOR SPECIAL SECTIONS OF THE (URtaEED Sons OF AMERICA . . So hey ee el seten ey ts nespecciNorhwest 9) ts Ie Ae Currey Minneapolis and Vicinity . . . . . Theodore Wirth New York and Lower New England . Mien ep. SViEsVialls Roslyn and Northwest Long Island . Admiral Aaron Ward Philadelphia and Vicinity . . 2 ee DieRobert Huey, Washington, D. C., and Points South . . Dr. W. Van Fleet Chicago and the Nomh sok” eee eee VV an Cou ioagD THE INCREASING REGARD FOR Roses The American Rose Society . Fragrant Roses : : Municipal Rose-Gardens A Famous RosE-GArRDEN Tue Rep RosE CHURCH AT IMlcrenare RosrE-BEADS ATTAR OF ROSEs. . HyYBRIDIZING. . BIBLIOGRAPHY . . : SYNONYMouS ROSES . ANALYSIS OF SPECIES. Roses ARRANGED IN CLASSES INDEX JUL 24 1920 ©2:.4570830 e WWII WS \\ \N PMPAHIS little book is designed to help the reader QQ as ¢ realize that by setting out the right plants of ae O\s \ the right sort of roses this spring, cut-flowers Lae rN & may be had from these selfsame plants dur- Ne ing the last days of May, with a continuity of bloom almost unbroken until the frosts ; of lateautumn herald the approaching winter. Amateurs are now able to have an all-summer “feast of roses,” as well as the skilled professional, and it is the amateur’s rose-garden, especially, that we have had in mind when writing the following pages. A large garden is not requisite. Two or three dozen good plants, of the modern and greatly improved sorts, properly selected, will give much enjoyment; while a garden of roses with somewhat greater variety and extent can readily be made a summer-long delight. In spring, one can have the pleasure of building air- castles about the plants. When the warm days of June arrive, these air-castles will have taken substantial form, and you may go from one plant to another, giving each a Irttle daily attention, contrasting one proud beauty with another equally queenly, and, best of all, gathering an abundance of lovely roses. Half an hour of such tonic-toil each day ts a great nerve-restorer, and, what many of those who have tried it realize, it is also food for the soul. Rose-growing among amateurs in this country Is yet in its infancy. In England, before the war, nearly everyone grew roses. Dazzling vistas of roses were to be seen in the Rai aa Vo fh Pt, ee \\ \ \ "dey 4 HOW TO GROW ROSES hedge-rows, along the country roads and lanes. Gardens were full of flowers, and each person seemed to be striving in friendly rivalry with his neighbor. Why was this extra- ordinary enthusiasm for the rose? Because It is without a peer among all the flowermg plants. It presents nearly every floral shade, In combinations far more attractive than exotic orchids, and, above all, its delicious fragrance gives us the enjoyment of another sense—the crowning feature, in which no other flower can compete with it. Since history was first written the rose has been asso- ciated with the most important events in the life of man. For centuries it has been fully recognized as the Queen of Flowers, honored alike by poet and king. Yet such vari- eties as Columbia, Duchess of Wellington, and Frau Karl Druschki, the ancients never knew! Why, then, should not you and yours share in the pleasures of the twentieth-cen- tury roses, to your own enjoyment and to the advantage of those around you? Just a little garden of these modern well- bred roses; just a little daily, loving care; just a little cost; and the result to you and your neighbors will be the glory of the Queen of Flowers. The Glory of the Queen of Flowers AND HOW TO ARRANGE THEM 5 Establishing Ideals First consider what kind of rose-garden you will plan. Roses seem to enjoy being arranged in countless ways. Will the first show of bloom to burst into view, as one approaches your home, be on your pergola, or arbor, or rose-covered summer-house? If none of these furnishes appropriate setting, probably your banks or fences will be clothed or beautified. A variety of types, shown on the following pages, is available, and choosing from these will become a delight. Perhaps your fancy may picture prosperous beds, abound- ing in a wealth of bloom, to be seen across a sweep of level lawn, or from your favorite room in the house, or even hidden beyond the curve in your garden-walk. The formal rose-garden, too, is important, especially on the larger place. There are excellent reasons why the rose-garden should have a domain all its own. These fastidious creatures that so well repay your thoughtful care may well be grouped and with greater resulting effectiveness. In no other case, perhaps, does careful planning pay so well as in the formal garden. In these brief suggestions of rose-garden possibilities let us recall vividly the value of the rose in the landscape. Here again a knowledge of varieties is important. Landscape architects are recognizing more and more the noteworthy species which are valuable in mass-plantings for showy effects, for retaining embankments, for bordering driveways, or even for certain types of hedges. Or you may wish most for a garden of roses from which to cut bouquets, so that “the Glory of the Garden” may be reflected in your home. ‘‘Good taste” will suggest the right roses—one for this vase, a bunch for that bowl, a spray for the guest-room, still others for the hallway or the dining- room table, then surely some for boutonnieres, and at times for “‘state occasions.’ Surely anyone who has experienced the exquisite thrill welling up in the soul from the presence of choice roses well arranged will be eager to develop the skill needed to make the best use of Nature’s garden-gifts. 6 HOW TO GROW ROSES The Rose-Lover’s Calendar of Operations These dates will be found relatively correct for the aver- age season in the latitude of Philadelphia. If you live north or south, make the usual allowance of about four days for every 100 miles of latitude. Comparative altitude must also be taken into consideration. The seasons vary; for example, the ground may be in good condition and ready for digging as much as three weeks earlier one year than it will be the followmg spring. March 15.—Such hardy roses as are already planted should now be pruned. : March 25 to 30.—As soon as the ground can be well worked, plant new hardy roses which are to be had dormant. Prune these even more closely than older established bushes. April 10.—Less hardy roses, including the Everbloomimg class, should be pruned. Begin to remove the winter protection as the Increas- ing heat of the sun permits. j April 15.—Roses are not immune from mildew and other fungoid contagious diseases; therefore it pays at this time to spray with bordeaux mixture all your rose plants as well as nearby fruit trees and grape-vines. April 25 to 30.—Finish uncovering and pruning your roses. Plant new ones (now or until the middle of May). A slight shading of these from the sun will prove an advantage. May 1 to 10.—As soon as plants are well set with foliage, a spraying with a solution of nicotine or sulpho-tobacco soap will act as a pre- ventive against aphides (green fly). May 20.—As soon as buds begin to swell, weak manure-water may be applied to the plants. Spray again to kill off the aphides, otherwise they will multiply with amazing speed. May 25.—Now starts the season’s procession of bloom, Ied by the sturdy Rugosas and the Yellow Briar roses. Start feeding the Hybrid Perpetual roses with liquid manure. 7 June 1.—With this month we see the true glory of the “Feast of oses. ‘ June 5.—Watch for the rose beetle and rose slug, and spray every ten days for three weeks with a half pound of arsenate of lead to ten gallons of water. June 1o.—Begin to nourish the Teas and Hybrid Teas with liquid manure. (Page 17.) You'll soon see the result. June 20 to 30.—Now the Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Climbers begin blooming in abundance. Cut your blossoms freely. Look out for mildew and apply the remedy. i _ July 1.—Keep the soil well stirred. A dust mulch at this season is Important. CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 7 July 4.—Gather all the flowers you can; it is not best for the plants to have them die on the bushes. You should now be reaping a full har- vest from the Teas, Hybrid Teas, etc. July 10.—From now till autumn keep a sharp Jookout for signs of fungoid troubles—such as (1) mildew, (2) black spot, or (3) yellow leaf, and apply bordeaux mixture or sulphur arsenate dust mixture. If any aphides appear, use black-leaf 40. July 15.—Thin out the old canes and trim back all multifloras and other climbers noted under chapter on pruning. July 20.—Now or earlier mulch your roses with grass-cuttings, old manure, leaves, sawdust, or peat-moss. August 30.—Teas and Hybrid Teas bring forth their “Fall Flower Show.” As soon as the buds form, remember that Bon Arbor or manure- water applied to the roots will help them to produce the blossoms you'll be proud of. September 10.—Some Hybrid Perpetuals bloom a second time. October 15.—Make ready your new beds for next year. November 15.—After the first frost, begin covering the stems of your roses, pages 26-27, and, soon after this, complete the protecting of the more tender kinds. Thanksgiving Day.—As soon as the ground has frozen, all should be safely nestled in their winter beds. WHEN YOUR ROSES ARE UNDER THE SNOW December.—Read Dean Hole’s “A Book About Roses.” (Also, see Bibliography, page 105.) January.—Send for the catalogs of a few reliable rose-growers. February.—Order your new ‘‘Made in America”’ roses. This shows how ‘‘York and Lancaster’” may be used (page 62) Rival Charmers—both radiate health and happiness CHOOSING THE LOCATION 9 Where to Plant Roses Several available spaces for the rose-bed are usually to be found on the average home-grounds. ‘The author has had the good fortune to visit a number of rose-gardens that are famous—and others that deserve to be—and this may be said of nearly all: that they lay on the genial, sunny side of a generous group of trees or copse, but were open to the gentler breezes, and were not shut in or shaded. When buymg a new property, the selection of the most suitable spot upon it for the house is scarcely more important than the selection of a site for your rose-garden. You will choose a sunny room, if possible, for the mdoor nursery, where “the little fairies’ m your home may romp and play on a wintry day; and so, too, will you wish to provide for the happiness and well-being of your rose-children, because only a few of them are prairie-born. Only a small section of this large family has been reared to bear the rigors of gusty, sweeping or whipping winds at any time of year, and from such, for the best results, they must be protected. It is not only the severe, cold winds of winter, or the raw, cutting swish of spring, but the hot, withering winds of summer, too, that may rum the opening buds and spoil the almost ripe fruits of your labor. Choose a place, therefore, or establish one, protected either by trees, a hedge, a wall, a building, or by some other windbreak. Even a hedge of roses, or climbers, upon a substantial trellis will avail, although a more dense screen is more effective. Choose, too, a place where the sun will shine for not less than one-half of the day, preferably the morning. By this you will see that a space opening away to the south or southeast 1s to be preferred. We have noted equally suc- cessful rose-gardens entirely surrounded by hedges. Avoid the too close shade of trees, or the proximity of tree-roots; they are ravenous robbers. If the roots can pos- sibly reach over to your rose-beds, they will do it and steal away the nourishment you have provided. Therefore, either keep entirely away from them or, if you must dig your bed 10 HOW TO GROW ROSES near them, put in a partition on the tree side to keep back the roots. Boards will do for a time; a concrete wall, about 4 inches thick, will last longer. Another point to remember ts that “roses do not like wet feet.” They seem to resent the ignominy of being sub- jected to standing m undrained ground. Avoid very low ground for this reason, and also because it 1s more subject to early or late frost, and has greater tendency to mildew. Try to combine in your choice as many of these condi- tions as possible, because, while no point ts absolute, all are important. Don’t stop or give up for the lack of some one of them. Be earnest about it, and you will soon provide the essentials. Mr. Chapman, the ornithologist, asked ex- President Roosevelt how he continually accomplished so much. Mr. Roosevelt answered that this had been his motto: “Do what you can, with what you have, where you are.” _ That motto will prove most useful for the rose-grower. {t lacks, however, one essential, which has been expressed by no other so fittingly, mm our estimation, as by Dean Hole: “He who would have beautiful roses m his garden must have beautiful roses in his heart. He must love them well and always. He must have not only the glowing admiration, ~ This is Gardenia, running in revelry over the garden-wall < MAKE A PICTURE OF YOUR LAWN 11 the enthusiasm and the passion, but the ten- derness, the thoughtfulness, the reverence, the watchfulness Ol elovesws abe rosarian of be- loved memory understood the secret. And |= eee o x would that we Let climbing roses frame your garden pictures Americans had more, like him, to spread the Jove for beautiful roses, as well as for the wholesome pastime of planting and caring for the Queen of Flowers. “Make a picture of your lawn.” This is the first principle of Iandscape-gardening. Leave open the center spaces and plant about and along the edges. Allow this rule to guide you, then select places for your roses where they will do best and give you the most pleasure. Some varieties, as for example the Rugosas and the“rose species,’ serve a very useful purpose when planted among the shrubbery. Many other uses, too, are described on pages 64 to 76. The bush roses, however, including the Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Hybrid Perpetuals, will prove most satisfying if segregated and not mixed too much with other plants. The location will help to decide the shape of your bed, and it is mainly a matter of taste as to whether it shall be straight, curved, oblong, round, or square. The essential pomt to remember is this: You will want to get within arm’s reach of every rose in your bed, many times in a year, without stepping on the bed. Not over 5 feet in width and preferably 41% feet, therefore, is a good rule to follow. Arrange the roses 18 inches apart each way, unless they are very vigorous growers, in which case allow 2 feet for spread. In warm countries, where the growth is most s1oMoy yurd Auryzes ‘yori ‘asivy SuiprAoid Ajsnonurj{uoo 1o0j UoIVeINdad sj saAtasep IJ ‘asoy vay pluqAP] [eAoI & sI TOOLSAL ANIIONVOD x Sf RRS is momo RRM ORY SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE BEDS 13 Juxuriant, and for the big bushy sorts, even more room will be required. Again, there is the other extreme as, for example, in making a border or edging of Polyantha roses, a fine continuous effect may be had : by spacing them im the row at only 12 inches apart. This diagram shows a bed 3 feet wide for two rows. A SECIS SNE bed this width, “staggered,” will require twelve roses to every g feet, twenty-four roses if 18 feet long, and larger beds in the same proportion. The young garden im the picture below is well done. Note the avenue effect produced by the double row of Standard or Tree roses on either side of the walk, set from 4 to 10 feet apart. They remind one of the beautiful rose- gardens in England. Up the wall on either side climbmg roses have been started. The front bed on the Ieft m the picture 1s 4% feet square, and contains nine roses. The front bed on the right, if 4% feet wide by 6 feet long, would contain twelve roses. The rear bed on the right of the walk is 4% feet wide by 13 feet long, and contains twenty-four roses; and the long bed im the rear on the left, if 41% feet wide by 20 feet long, would contain thirty-six roses. The formal garden is incomplete without roses 14 HOW TO GROW ROSES Preparing to Grow Roses Having chosen the location and decided upon the size and shapeof your beds, you are next ready to prepare the soil. Rev. F. Page Roberts, an ex-president of the National Rose Society of England, has said: “‘After years of rose-grow- ing In places far apart, I think it is not so much the soil and the climate, as the care and skill of the cultivator that wins success.” A very successful grower of roses in New York State once remarked to a meeting of his rose society: “I would rather plant a 15-cent rose in a 40-cent hole than plant a 50-cent rose in a 15-cent hole.”’ He was wise. The author recalls visiting a successful private rose-garden in New England one day when the roses in one bed were being moved. Those roses had well-developed roots 3 feet long, because the bed mm which they were growing had been prepared to that depth, and the top-growth and bloom had been Juxuriantly magnificent, testifying to the value of deep and thorough soil-preparation. Dramage One thing, however, must be provided, if you are to court success, that is ample drainage. “Wet feet’ for roses are no more conducive to health and happiness than for children. Examine your soil; if there seems a need, provide drainage, and remove the soil from your bed to the very bottom. Place there a layer from 4 to 6 inches deep of stones not larger than your fist, broken bricks, clinkers, or other suitable material | that will readily “take” v the water from above. The soil is seldom so retentive as to require tiling to take the water away and, indeed, nine « eC i) il a So ey is) a of roses harvested from that bush each time one or more is cut. Such a plan, faithfully followed, makes an invaluable record for any careful rose-grower. The best of wooden labels must be sometimes renewed. A more permanent type we call the Garden Club Label. It is a triangular piece of flat zme with rounded corners, hung on the gooseneck top of No. 9 galvanized Iron wire, 15 inches long, as above. ‘There is room on the reverse side for date of planting and other data. For indelible mk, dissolve a copper cent in a I-ounce solution of one part sulphuric acid and five parts water; or, if preferred, paint the Iabel and stake green and the letters in white. This Iabel keeps clean because it is above the mud-splash of the raindrops. The Mann Plant Label hereby illustrated is of zine. It is practically indestructible and stays put. The size 1s 9% inches long by 3% inches * Label across at the top. Shoplex 24 HOW TO GROW ROSES The Simplex Labels illustrated on page 23 are a single piece of metal frame and stake 16 inches long and securely hold in place a slightly roughened celluloid card which is protected from the weather by a clear, smooth cover of mica. Celluloid labels, with the rose name printed in and clearly showing from beneath a transparent glazed surface, are perhaps the most recent development and promise great satisfaction. The most elite rose labels we have ever seen were those used by M. Gravereaux, at L’Hay, near Paris, where, on top of small, sturdy, tron stakes, were bolted beautifully finished, flat top, oval name-plates of porcelain. Plottmg But the “‘best laid’? labels sometimes go wrong, and in some unexplainable fashion do get lost; therefore, to be entirely protected, you can take out label msurance. Some people think this is more important than labeling. Draw a diagram of your bed, and then with letters or numbers Indicate on it the location of each rose. With this make out and keep a key-list of roses lettered or numbered to corre- spond with those on the diagram. We venture to predict that such a list will prove its value before the end of the second year. CONSERVING THE MOISTURE Ds Mulching There is a treble object in this: First, to retain the mois- ture; second, better to preserve a suitable temperature in the soil; third, to stop weed-growth. What is called a ‘‘dust- mulch,” maintained by frequent hoeing, 1s, perhaps, the best method, although, where the summers are warm, a covering in early July of long “strawy” cow-, pig-, or horse-stable manure that will not heat, will accomplish the same object. The lighter and more chaff-ltke portion should be removed in the spring and the richer part dug in. Peat-moss we look upon as even better than a manure-mulch, because the latter may encourage root-growth nearer the surface than is desirable. We have also tried sawdust for covering the beds in summer. It certainly prevented need for weeding and otherwise seemed beneficial. Another plan is to plant some low-growing and shallow-rooting ground-cover plant, like violas (pansies) or portulacas. These grow quickly from seed and should be established by mid-July. bet De * ut Roses where everyone may enjoy them 26 HOW TO GROW ROSES Roses in the outdoor living-room Protecting the Roses From Frost W. C. Egan, the emiment horticulturist of northern Illinois, succeeds admirably in keeping his roses over win- ter, as does also the Superintendent of the McCormick estate; and yet, north of Chicago, where they Itve, the severe winters and the cold winds blowing over Lake Michigan, often kill the Wichuraianas and Rambler roses to within a foot of the ground, when not protected. An eminent judge, living north of Detroit, by the work of his own hands, protects his Hybrid Teas so that they trrumphantly weather zero winters. On the famous shore-front at Newport, Rhode Island, we found the tender Gloire de Dijon rose, which we had sup- posed could not be grown north of Washington, D. C., green and thrifty to the second story, after a most severe winter season. But the protection had been very thorough. WINTER- PROTECTION 27 Obviously, there is no danger where there Is no frost. Where the thermometer falls below freezing, the less hardy varieties should be partly covered, and all roses will be the better for some protection, at least about the roots. If you are visited with zero weather, let “preparedness” be your rule. To begin with, bank up the soil cone-shaped, with the apex 6 to 10 inches high around the stem of each bush. Ashes are sometimes used, but nothmg we know of is better than soil. In very cold countries, the roses may be lifted entirely and buried in trenches for the winter, and they will come out in fine shape for replanting in spring. After you have drawn the soil nicely around them (see calendar), leave them alone till the ground is frozen with a crust hard enough to bear the weight of a stone-laden wheel-barrow. By this time the moles or mice, or other creatures, will have secured their winter abode elsewhere, and not be tempted to make nests in the protecting material you will next apply. Now do not smother your roses, or they may die. Cover them thoroughly, as high up as you attempt to protect them, but always allow for the circulation of air. A 3- or 4-inch blanket of good, heavy stable-manure will keep out much cold. Over this fill up from the bottom of the bed to a depth of 10 or 12 inches with nice, dry leaves, and with some light material on top to keep them in place. A 12-inch fence of poultry-wire staked round the bed will help keep the leaves in place. The boughs of fir or pme trees, hay, straw, or cornfodder, or other material that will break the force of cold, biting winds, will serve in place of leaves, and where most careful protection is required, boards may be arranged roof-fashioned to turn off the rains. This will also protect your roses from exposure to direct sunshine when nights are freezing-cold, and avoid alternate thawing and freezing, which is dangerous, and in early spring prevent the premature excitation of plant-growth and tender buds. For this reason, too, remove protection in spring gradually, and not all at one time (see calendar, page 6). A method that has proved successful in one of the coldest sections of the United States is thus vividly described: 28 = HOW "TO GROW, ROSES Minneapolis Municipal Rose-garden **. . . Our principal problem would be to provide proper winter-protection. We took special pains to ripen the wood. We stopped watering and cultivation in September, and dis- couraged late growth. The last week in October we gave the beds a very thorough soaking, and a few days after we tied the shoots close together, and piled the soil around the plants as high as we could with material taken from between the plants, so covering from four to six of the lower eyes. The garden was then left in this condition until there were 3 or 4 inches of frost in the ground. We then filled m with dry leaves, gathered from the nearby woods. The leaves were thrown in loose and not packed down, and covered the beds to the height of the soil heaped around the plant. We then boarded in the long sides of the beds 2 feet high, and boarded over the top of the bed, but left the two ends open. Over this board cover we spread a layer of bedding, straw and hay. PROTECTING THE ROSES 29 “Tt will be seen by the method of winter-protection herein described that our aim was to prevent, if possible, thawing after frost had set in; to protect the plants from the drying effects of the strong winds, without preventing the free cir- culation of air. We have employed the same method of pro- tection ever since, and generally we have been successful in bringing the plants through winter in very good condition.” (Article, ‘The Minneapolis Municipal Rose-garden in Lyndale Park,” by Theodore Wirth, in “The American Rose Annual,” 1916, pages 79, 80.) Protecting Tree roses over winter is most important. Set up a box about 2 feet square, and high enough from the ground to encase the head, and fill this with soil to cover all but the topmost branches. No part needs protection more than the point where stock and branches join. Another method is to loosen the earth on two sides of the plants so they may easily be bent over without breaking anything and then, when staked to the ground, cover with 6, 8 or more inches of earth till danger of frost is past mn spring, when they may again be reinstated and restaked. In some loca- tions it may prove quite as convenient, and equally effec- tive, to take up the plants entire, and bury them in a trench in the vegetable garden. Protectmg Roses from Enemies Eternal vigilance is the price of perfect flowers, because “prevention is better than cure.” Vigorous, healthy plants are seldom troubled much. The two golden rules to remember, says Mr. Edward Mawley, one-time President of the National Rose Society of England, are these: ‘‘Keep sharp watch out for the first appearance of insect or fungoid pests and adopt measures for destruction at once. Then persevere with the remedy adopted until a cure has been effected.” Our Lady Rosa likes cleanliness above all things, and will respond generously to these attentions. Keep your roses clean and healthy and they are almost certain to be happy. 30 HOW TO GROW ROSES The beginner need not be dismayed at the array of troubles that may happen; if they do, these hints are offered as a “first aid.” As a matter of fact, not all the pests are likely to appear in the same garden. Rose-growing Is not so compli- cated or difficult as might appear. Insects Probably our worst enemy to roses is the Ros—E CHAFER (“Rose Bug’’), which is particularly severe on sandy soils. For this, handpicking into a vessel of kerosene ts effective, or, as a preventive, spray every two weeks through June and July with bordeaux mixture (1 ounce to 1% gallons of water) or a solution of % pound of arsenate of Jead in 12 gallons of water. This is also a good remedy for the RosE-Siue, which skeletonizes the leaves. It works from the under side of the foliage so when going after it, turn the foliage down side up and spray it thoroughly. APHIDES, or GREEN FLIES, attack the plants during May and June, and, if not dispatched, they multiply rapidly, and suck the life-blood from the leaves. A vigorous spraying of black-leaf 40 or whale-oil soap will settle them. ScaLe seldom bothers any except old, neglected shrub roses. Use scalecide or Itme-sulphur wash. Diseases Of the fungous diseases, PowpERY MILpew is by far the worst and most difficult to overcome. It will be recognized as a white mold appearing on the foliage, which, if not checked, will spread. This is most likely to occur m warm, damp weather, and certain varieties, such as Crimson Ramblers, are more sub- ject to its attacks. Bordeaux mixture, applied at fortnightly intervals, is a good preventive (see formula above). Even better, use sulphur arsenate dust mixture. Formula: Nine parts finely powdered sulphur to one part arsenate of lead. Apply with a dust gun. For BLack-Spot, Rust, and other fungous diseases, follow the same course. Also promptly remove and burn foliage thus affected. PRUNING INFORMATION 2m Pruning If you have bought two- or three-year-old plants, cut them back rather severely at the time of planting—to three or four buds on the Hybrid Perpetuals and about six on the Teas and Hybrid Teas. Always cut the stem just above a bud that points out, never above one that points toward the center of the plant. The term bud or eye ts used to define the places on the stem where leaves will be produced. They are easily distinguished, as they look like small, pomted warts on the stems. If the plants are m leaf when planted, the above does not apply. The crop of flowers on the rose plants is largely governed by the kind of pruning the plants receive. In fact, other conditions being ideal, the pruning determines the quantity and the size of the flowers. The Hybrid Perpetuals and most other hardy roses should be pruned in March; if weather permits, by the Method of pruning Hybrid Teas for garden display (As recommended by the N. R. S. of England) middle of the month. The tender roses, the Teas and Hybrids Teas, need not be pruned until along in April, when the sap begins to flow and the buds begin to swell; for, at this time, dead and weak wood may be much more easily dis- tinguished and cut out than earlier in the season. Besides, it is an advantage to leave the mulch undisturbed until settled weather has arrived. At the time of pruning, one must The PERLE DES JARDINS is a standard Tea Rose of rich golden yellow color and fine form; it blooms freely on strong stems. Other newer Roses of related color and great merit are Lady Hillingdon and Alexander Hill Gray. PRUNING INFORMATION 33 decide upon the kind of crop wanted. If the very biggest and best flowers are wanted, severe pruning is necessary (see 1, page 34); if a large crop of average flowers, only se dlsn ce pruning (see 2, page 34); but, where a quantity of bloom is preferred, only a little pruning Is necessary (see 3, page 34). When pruning Hybrid Perpetuals, first cut out the weak wood and any branches that cross; then cut back the strong canes to about six eyes, the top one poimt- : ing out, and the cut being made one-quarter of an inch above the bud. If you want only a few big flowers, cut back to only .» °; three or four buds. For the big outdoor “ss, ; display, leave four to seven canes two- { ;! thirds their growth. The Teas and Hybrid Teas will need the same attention, but there should be as much or more wood left. In case the winter may have killed the canes, cut back to live wood, even if down to the surface of the soil. These rules are modifted somewhat by the character of the plant. The weaker- growing varieties can be cut back farther than strong-growing sorts. The strong-growing kinds, if cut back too heavily, will run to aS wood, and, in the case of some, too heavy Showing where to : : prune pruning may kill the plant. Austrian Briar roses (also the Bourbons) need very Iittle pruning. The Wichuratanas and many of the Multifloras bloom on the branches produced the previous summer; hence these should be pruned very little during autumn or spring; but when they have fimished bloommg entirely remove the old flowermg shoots to eee the new growth plenty of light and air. Climbing and Pillar roses need be cut back but one- third to one-fifth, and on old, well-established plants, the old, enfeebled wood should also be taken out. The base of the branches may be prevented from becom- ing bare. In straight branches, the sap goes to the top, leaving 34 HOW TO GROW ROSES little for the buds at the base. Train the branches up crooked by putting sharp bends im the stems within 2 feet of the ground, and foliage will be produced the whole length of the stem. To get a second crop of flowers in autumn, cut 8 to 10 inches of wood with the flowers. Several Hybrid Perpetuals will also bloom in autumn with this treatment. (See below, and ae also the list of 162 roses on pages AB tOzO2.) In autumn extra-long canes will need to be cut back a Iittle, and perhaps tied to a stake or support, to prevent swaying and the con- sequent damage to the roots. How to Use This Pruning Information Refer to pages 43 to 62 for vas rieties on which information Is de- sired. Opposite each name will be The way to prune and thin found abbreviated directions for out climbing roses : 5 pruning. Illustrations herewith will further explain the instructions. The key to these di- rections Is fully explained on this and the succeeding page. 1. Harp. Thin out to the base all but from three to five shoots, and cut these back so as to leave two or three eyes on each shoot. 2. MopERATELY Harp. Thin out as No. 1, and cut each shoot back to about five to ten eyes. 3. Meprum. Thin out as No. 1; leave four to seven shoots; shorten these shoots to about half their Iength. 4. SPARINGLY. Thin out as No. 1; leave four to seven shoots, which should be merely tipped. 5. Turin. No pruning required; thin out annually. 6. None. No pruning required; thin out every two or three years, just to keep the plant within bounds. 7. Climbing, Pillar, and all other roses that are marked 7 can be improved by thinning, when one or more of the PRUNING INFORMATION 35 stems show plainly. that they are old and past doing good ser- vice. This should not be necessary oftener than every three years. Kinds marked + are more likely to need it than kmds marked —. The needs of such roses as Mrs. Peary, Marechal Niel, etc., are not covered by any of the notes, where the climate Is warm enough not to kill back the main stems. In this case, the branches should be trimmed so as to leave from two to ten eyes. Ex. Method to use to produce exhibition specimens or large flowers. Q. Method to use to produce showy bushes or a quantity of flowers. “Nore 1.—Pruning, therefore, is the art of improving the productive power, and the appearance of the plant. It con- sists of two distinct operations: (1) The removal of dead, weak, overcrowded, or otherwise useless shoots. Unripe wood which im the spring will usually be found to have dis- colored pith, caused by the winter frosts, should be cut clean away at the base of the shoot. (2) Pruning proper, the shortening of those shoots which are allowed to remain after the thinning-out process has been completed. “The most frequent errors made in pruning are (1) leav- ing too many shoots when thinning out; (2) pruning severely the shoots of varieties which require little, if any, shortening; (3) pruning lightly the varieties which require severe prun- ing; (4) leaving rose plants crowded with shoots and cutting these to a uniform length all over the plant m the same way that a hedge Is clipped. “In thining out a shoot, it should be either cut clean away to the base of the plant, or to its starting-point on the older shoot from which it springs, as the case may be. When the plant has been pruned, the shoots should be left as nearly as possible equidistant from each other, and regularly arranged around it so that it presents a well-balanced appear- ance on all sides.’”—National Rose Society’s Hand-Book on Pruning. Copies of this valuable book may be purchased on appli- cation to Editor ‘““How to Grow Roses,”’ West Grove, Pa. BG HOW TO GROW ROSES Own-Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses Every rose-grower should learn the difference. In a budded or grafted rose, the top of a good flowering variety has been jomed and made to grow upon the root of a ““wild’’ rose. An own-root rose stands on its own feet, so that, if the top be winter- killed, the new growth from the root will bloom true as at first. Not so with the budded or ; grafted rose. If the top be killed, the “wild” e root is worthless; throw it out. ; As a general rule, for application over a broad area, the experience of many people in yy; many different localities mdicates a preference + //i for own-root roses only in such varieties as will make vigorous growth. / if 4 VS NN Some types, however, especially some of ~ /\ {\\\i AS\) the Hybrid Teas, when on their own roots pro- A budded_ rose ° : be distin- duce but poorly. In order to obtain vigorous guished oo EU growth and luxuriant bloom, such kinds are gvn700t by knot- budded or grafted upon the stock of a strong- ferme. See arrow. growing rose. Multiflora, Canina, Manetti, and other stocks are used for this purpose. When plantmg own-root roses, set in the soil a trifle deeper than the stain of the soil on the stem Indicates it grew before. When planting budded or grafted roses, set with the joint or union of top and root an inch below the surface of the soil, and watch for suckers. If there appears any growth originating below the union, dig away the soil and cut it off close up to the stem; otherwise it may grow up and woe out the flower-bearing part of the plant. _ Suckers show 7 or 9 leaflets. The majority ae =| of roses grown SA and planted North are bud- ded; South the reverse is true. - = = = = a (CT (10 Zz tT a U(( (MT, The process of budding CHOOSING THE RIGHT KINDS 37 Selecting the Roses This is a vital matter. The most complete and authorita- tive list of roses in our possession shows 10,281 varieties. The most complete collection in any one plantation that has come under our observation we did not attempt to count. It Is said to contain about six thousand varieties, including every known species and every variety now obtainable m the civilized world. (This garden, the Roseraie de L’Hay, will be found more fully described on page 98.) The average number of roses actually in commerce in the different countries abroad prior to August I, 1914, Was approximately one thousand, while a half of that 1s the average number The luxuriant clusters of the white-flowered Dorothy Perkins. A good example of the Wichuraiana family 38 HOW TO GROW ROSES offered in America by the leading rose firms whose products can be relied upon as true to name. When we recall that the average amateur must confine his selection to a much smaller number even than this, often a choice two dozen kinds, the paramount importance of a proper selection Is quite apparent. Dr. Liberty H. Bailey, formerly of Cornell University, and editor of that standard authority, ‘Cyclopedia of American Horticulture,” says: ““The success of the rose in this country is very largely a question of the selection of adaptable varieties.” Pemberton, in his excellent work on “Roses,” says to be- ginners: “State your requirements to a friend who is an expert and leave the selection to him.” This book would be a “friend” to every rose-grower,—how “expert”? you must judge from its contents. America is a big country, and allowances must be made for differences in soil, climate, and other conditions. Rules are offered for use and application by the reader to the conditions that obtain in his or her locality. If there arise conditions not herein covered, the author will be glad from his own experience to assist readers in solving their individual problems. | Where do you live? The answer to this question is the first key to the selection of the right roses. Some varieties will withstand severely cold winters from which other varie- ties would die. Do you want dwarf, bedding, pillar, or vigor- ous climbing roses? Would you prefer a great show for a month or more in the early summer, or a more or less con- tinuous bloom throughout the autumn also? These various important characteristics will be mentioned in the descrip- tions of 162 roses on pages 43 to 62. The following expla- nations will enable you more fully to understand the terms used. We state after the name of each rose: (1) the class to which it belongs; (2) the color of the flower; (3) the char- acter of the leaves, when it is particularly worthy of men- tion; (4) the character of growth (vigorous, moderate, etc.); (5) the purposes for which best suited; (6) the way to prune SERECIING, fEIE ROSES 39 Rosa Wichuratana has shiny green foliage nearly all the year the variety; (7) other noteworthy remarks. We have endeay- ored to avoid all exaggeration. After the name of the variety, the class to which it belongs is indicated by the following abbreviations: SECTION I SEcTION III T.—Tea A.B.—Austrian Briar. Per.— Bou.—Bourbon Pernetiana, or Hybrid Austrian C.—China Briar H.T.—Hybrid Tea D.—Damask P.—Polyantha H.P.—Hybrid Perpetual T.P.—Tea Polyantha M.—Moss Pr.—Provence R.—Rugosa and Hybrid Rugosa SEcTION II athe SEcTION IV -—Notsettes Mult.—Miultiflora C.T.—Climbing Tea Bank.—Banksian C.H.T.—Climbing Hybrid Tea CI. M.—Climbing Moss C.P.—Climbing Polyantha S.B.—Sweetbriars C.T.P.—Climbing Tea Polyantha W.—Wichuratana and hybrids In addition to 162 leading roses listed on pages 43 to 62 inclusive, see also (pages 110 to 115) a list of the important roses in each class named above. "PAOGU UMOYS SE. “]PIN [UY ApIVH,, 10 ‘VWINACGUV uvyi sauy auou yng ‘stay.o ose aay [, “9soy Burquiry) ApievH{ MOTJPA B JO apwur aq ABUL asn sATQay—a sour s194M saourd AUvUL Jo 9u0 Ajuo si, JyeM uapses ayy TONG) « 66 SELECTING THE ROSES he It will be helpful to remember, when referring to the above four sections, that sections III and IV contain the hardiest roses. Roses in these classes will live out over winter in the latitude of Philadelphia without protection, although all roses in this and colder regions will be the better for protection. Theclasses in sections I and II require careful protection in a climate like this, especially the first ones named in each section, which are better suited for growing south of Washington, D. C., and in correspondingly mild climates. As to bloom, sections I and II will bloom more or less throughout the growing season. Sections III and IV are mostly known as summer bloomers, and are in their greatest glory for only a few weeks in early summer. Some of the Hybrid Perpetuals and Hybrid Austrian Briars will also make an autumn showing. The character of growth is indicated upon a scale arranged as follows: Weak, moderate, moderately vigorous, vigorous, very vigorous; “robust”? indicates sturdy and bushy, but short growth. Climbers are described either as vigorous climbers, suitable for Jow pillar or trellis, or very vigorous, suitable for archways, pergolas, or high trellis. Terms Used to Describe Appropriate Uses (Also key to descriptions on pages 43 to 62) GARDEN.—Recommended for general Jawn or garden cultivation. BEDDING, 1I.e., free-flowering and of rather compact growth—good for massing in beds, either several of a kind or with other bedding roses. Pittar.—Excellent for training up to a low pillar, stake, or post. ArcH.—For covering an archway. PERGOLA.—For growing over a pergola. Wa tt.—Suitable for training up the face of a wall or side of a building. CrEEPING.—Good for covering a bank, stumps, rocks, ete. ae 42 HOW TO GROW ROSES ‘TRELLIS.—Grows well on a trellis or suppoft. Busu.—Makes a good bush when planted alone and allowed to develop. Pot, or Cut-FLowrers.—Those that have particularly Jong stems and other qualities that make them peculiarly fitted for cutting. Good also under glass. BouTONNIERE.—Well-formed buds and not so large but that it Is appropriate for a buttonhole or corsage bouquet. Epcinc.—Makes an excellent edging to a rose-bed or border, bed, or pathway. Hepce.—Adapted for making a hedge, either all one kind or with others. TREE or STANDARD.—Kinds that do well in tree form, as illustrated on page 98. Note also at the close of this chapter a section dlesaeed- to the best roses for each particular purpose in your garden. We feel that entire dependence may be placed upon these recommendations beginning page 64, based upon the infor- mation gained after many years’ correspondence with patrons m all parts of the United States. In a broader way the reader will surely find great interest in cultivating a more Intimate acquaintance with this great rose family. Opportunity for further studyof this subject is offered in the Analysis of Species and outline of different classes beginning on pages 108 and 110. Following these sets for special purposes, and begmning on page 77, will be found recommendations of the varieties that emment amateurs, or professionals, have found best adapted to each of eight different typical sections of our country. But comparatively few people can actually plant more than a small proportion of any such extended list, and there- fore we list on the. pages immediately following a shorter list of the leading varieties from any of which it will be entirely safe to select. The reader may still have some failures, but they will serve as stepping stones of knowledge surely learned on which to build greater success. ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 43 A Baby Rambler ‘Anna de Diesbach See page 44 See page 44 See page 44 One Hundred and Sixty-two Choice Roses Loving roses as we do; living among them and watching them closely and constantly, under all sorts of conditions; having before us reports upon roses from every country on earth to which our roses go, and knowing, too, the prize- winners and kinds that have pleased amateurs here and almost everywhere; watching the new roses as they “come out,” testing all kmds and holding fast to those which are -good,—out of an experience like that has come our choice of these 162 roses. See abbreviations for class, growth, pur- pose, and pruning, explained on pages 39 to 42. AGNES EMILY CARMAN. H.R. Flowers brilliant crimson, velvety; very fragrant. Hedge, bush. Perfectly hardy. Prune 5, 7+. ALBERIC BARBIER. H.W. Flowers in clusters, double, creamy white with canary-yellow center; fragrant. Leaves bronzy red in spring and glossy; almost evergreen, and not liable to be troubled with insects. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, banks, ete. Prune 6, 7-. ALEXANDER HILL GRAY. T. Flowers deep Iemon-yellow, which intensifies as the blooms develop; large, of deep substance and perfect formation. Gold Medal, N. R. S. Garden, bedding, cut- flower. Prune 4. ALISTER STELLA GRAY (Golden Rambler). N. Flowers rich apri- cot-yellow, changing to white with yellow center; delightfully fra- grant and constant m bloom. Moderately vigorous. Pillar, arch, trellis. Needs winter-protection. Prune 5, 7+. Ad HOW TO GROW ROSES AMERICAN BEAUTY. H.P. Flowers deep pink to crimson; intensely fragrant. Cut-flowers. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. AMERICAN BEAUTY, CLIMBING. H.W. Flowers deep pink to crimson; fragrant. Produces hundreds of perfect blooms at one time. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune 6, 7—. AMERICAN PILLAR. Mult. Flowers chaste pink; single; large, 3 to 4 inches across; in large clusters. Leaves almost evergreen. Very vigorous. Has attractive, brilliant red hips in autumn. Pergolas, pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7. (See illustration in color, on title-page.) ANNA DE DIESBACH. H.P._ Flowers rose; fragrant; profuse. Garden. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 43.) ANTOINE RIVOIRE. H.T. Creamy white to deeper yellow and peachy pink center. Vigorous. Garden and bedding. Prune 3. ARTHUR R. GOODWIN. H.T. Buds and flowers rich coppery orange-red which shades to salmon-pink as the flower ages; very lasting; blooms large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. AUNT HARRIET. H.W. Flowers scarlet-crimson, very bright. Vigorous. Pergola, pillar. Prune 6, 7. . AVIATEUR BLERIOT. H.W. Flowers deep saffron-yellow and copper. Vigorous. Pergola, arch, pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7. BABY DOROTHY. P. Flowers bright pmk. Incessant bloomer. Dwarf, 20 in. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. BABY RAMBLER, RED (Mme. Norbert Levavasseur). P. Flowers dark red. Blooms all the time. Dwarf. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. (See cut page 43.) BEAUTY OF ROSEMAWR. Bou. Flowers rich carmine-rose, veined with creamy white. Very floriferous. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. BESS LOVETT. H.W. Flowers scarlet-crimson. Very vigorous. Pergola, pillar, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7. BETTY. H.T. Flowers coppery rose and golden yellow; very fragrant. A novelty. Garden, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. BIRDIE BLYE. Mult. Flowers bright satiny rose. Continual bloomer. Grows 4 to 6 feet. Pillar, bush. Prune 5. BLANC DOUBLE DE COUBERT. H.R. Flowers white, double, large and showy. Very hardy. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. Prune 5, 7—. BLANCHE MOREAU. M. Flowers pure white; large and full. Bedding. Prune 3. BRIDESMAID. T. Flowers rose-pink, crimson-shaded; full and fra- grant. Bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. (See illus- tration In color, page 103.) CARMINE PILLAR. C.H.T. Flowers single, rich carmine-red; very fine; looks like a clematis. Vigorous. Trellis, pillar, arch. Prune 5. With petals fashtoned like sea-shells, tinted and toned mm shades of rose and pink, superlatives fail in describing the satisfactory beauty of KILLARNEY, the renowned Hybrid Tea Rose. Fortunate it is for Rose-lovers that Mother Nature has been so generous In giving us so many members in the Killarney family, all of them rare beauties, such as Killarney Brilliant, Killarney Queen, and White Killarney. LA For open-ground planting under different conditions of climate, this Killarney Rose family may be depended upon to repay bountt- fully the attention and care which all Roses should receive. 46 HOW TO GROW ROSES CHAMPION OF THE WORLD (Mrs. De Graw). Bou. Flowers rich, rosy pink; large, full and deliciously sweet. Free bloomer. Garden bedding. Prune 5. CHATEAU DE CLOS VOUGEOT. H.T. Flowers velvety maroon, shaded fiery red, very dark. Garden. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 47.) CHRISTINE WRIGHT. H.W. Flowers clear wild-rose-pink; beautiful i bud. Foliage large, thick, Ieathery. Pillar, arch, arbor, trellis. Prune 6, 7. CLIO. H.P. Flowers flesh-color, shaded pink; large; fine form. Vigor- ous. A very choice variety. Garden. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. COLUMBIA. H.T. Flowers rose-pink, very large and double. Garnier: bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. CONRAD F. MEYER. H.R. Flowers clear silvery rose; large, per- fectly double, elegantly formed; very fragrant; flowers and buds of fine form. Very hardy. Garden, bush or hedge. Prune 6+. CORONATION. H.W. Flowers crimson-scarlet. Very vigorous. New. Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune 6, 7—. CRESTED MOSS. M. Flowers choice pink, and heavily mossed. A lovely old favorite. Bedding. Prune 3. DEVONIENSIS. T. Flowers creamy white with rosy center. Very full. An old-time favorite. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. Allicsumorner show of bloom. An example of what Baby Ramblers will do in a bed ROSES EO AMERICAN GARDENS 47 eot (see p. 46) Cha sin de Cl S Vous Sunburst (see page 61) DR. W. VAN FLEET. H.W. Flowers rich flesh-color. Stems 18 inches long. CHOICE. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7—. DOROTHY PERKINS. H.W. Flowers beautiful shell-pink; free- bloomer; large clusters. Most popular rose in its class and color, and blooms in time for use at June weddings. Very vigorous. Arches, porches, pergolas, etc. Prune 6, 7—. (See illustration in color, page 58.) DOROTHY PERKINS, WHITE. H.W. Flowers snow-white; free- bloomer; large clusters. Very vigorous. Habit like Pink Dorothy Perkins. Arches, porches, pergolas, etc. Prune 6, 7—. DUCHESSE DE BRABANT. T. Flowers deep rosy pink, edged with silver. Has been extensively planted about the White House, at Washington, D. C., a free bloomer. Bedding. Prune 4. DUCHESS OF WELLINGTON. H.T. Flowers imtense saffron- yellow. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. (See cut page 40.) ELLEN POULSEN. T.P. Flowers brilliant pmk; full; sweet-scented. Very floriferous. Garden, bedding, edging. Prune 3. ERNA TESCHENDORFF. P. Flowers rich crimson, freely produced. An improved Red Baby Rambler. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. ETOILE DE FRANCE. H.T. Flowers intense, brilliant crimson; extra-large, double; very free bloomer; fragrant; buds large, pointed. Vigorous. Bedding. A choice variety. Prune 2. EXCELSA (Red Dorothy Perkins). H.W. Iridescent rosy crimson. Very vigorous. Late-flowering. Fine in every way. Arch, porch, trellis, etc. Prune 6, 7—. 48 HOW TO GROW ROSES tie bile Frau Karl Druschkt Gen. Jacqueminot Gloire Lyonnaise See page 49 FLORENCE PEMBERTON. H.T. Flowers creamy white, suffused pink; large, full, perfect form; high-pomted center. Bush, garden. Prune 2. FRANCIS SCOTT KEY. H.T. Flowers crimson-red and very full. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI (White American Beauty). H.P. Flowers pure snow-white; immense (4 to 5 inches across), perfectly double. The finest pure white rose in this class; not fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, bush, garden. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration.) GARDENIA. H.W. Flowers yellow, changing to creamy white; fragrant; free bloomer. Very vigorous; creeping. Prune 6, 7—. (See illustra- tion in color, page 12.) GENERAL JACQUEMINOT. H.P. Flowers brilliant crimson, velvety; fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden, pot, and standard. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 70.) GENERAL MACARTHUR. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson-scarlet; fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 2. GENERAL-SUPERIOR ARNOLD JANSSEN. H.T. Flowers deep glowing carmine, large, and freely produced. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. GEORGE ARENDS (Pink Frau Karl Druschki). H.P. Flowers tender, rose-pink. Garden, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. GEORGE DICKSON. H.T. Flowers velvety dark crimson, back of petals heavily vemmed with deep, pure crimson-maroon. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. GEORGE ELGER. P. Flowers rich chrome-yellow; small but pro- duced continually. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. GLOIRE DE CHEDANE GUINOISSEAU. H.P. Flowers bright vermilion-red. Bedding, garden. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 49 Los Angeles Ophelia See page 47 See page 52 See page 59 GLOIRE LYONNAISE. H.P. Flowers pale lemon; large. Very vig- | orous. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 48.) GRUSS AN AACHEN. T.P. Flowers flesh-pmk and yellow; very double and free-flowering. Vigorous. Edging, bedding. Prune 4. GRUSS AN TEPLITZ. H.T. Flowers bright crimson; free bloomer. Vigorous. Garden, bedding, bush, and standard. Prune 5. GRUSS AN TEPLITZ, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers crimson, pass- ing to velvety, fiery red. Vigorous. Pillar, arch. Prune 7—. HADLEY. H.T. Flowers deep velvety crimson that does not fade; perfectly formed. Garden, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. HARISON’S YELLOW. A.B. Flowers clear golden yellow cover the bush; blooms early. Vigorous. Bush, hedge. Prune 5. HARRY KIRK. T. Flowers deep sulphur-yellow with edge of petals lighter; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. HENRI MARTIN. M. Flowers bright rosy red; fragrant; large. Free bloomer; vigorous. Fine im its class. Prune 3. HERMOSA. C. Flowers pink, in clusters; fragrant. Free bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding, and standard. Prune 3. HIAWATHA. H.W. Flowers brilliant scarlet; stngle; bright and effective. Vigorous. Arch, trellis, etc. Prune 6, 7—-~ HOOSIER BEAUTY. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson; one of the rich- est-colored roses in cultivation; lIarge, full, and deliciously sweet. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. HUGH DICKSON. H.P. New. Flowers brilliant crimson, shaded scarlet; very large and full; fine form. Free-flowering and vigorous. Highly perfumed. Garden. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. 50 HOW TO GROW ROSES HUGONIS. Species. New. Flowers clear yellow, single, but produced in such profusion that they almost hide the foliage. Foliage is small and dainty, more like an acacia than a rose leaf. Hardy everywhere in the United States. Bush, hedge. Prune 5. HUGO ROLLER. T. Flowers Iemon-yellow and crimson. A tea- scented “‘pictorial’”’ flower. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. IRISH FIREFLAME. H.T. Flowers orange and crimson; large and single, borne in lovely sprays. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. i516 CLARK. H.P. Flowers intense, deep scarlet, shaded blackish crimson. Vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. JONKHEER J. L. MOCK. H.T. Flowers carmine on the outside, lovely soft pink inside. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. JOSEPH HILL. H.T. Flowers pure salmon and gold, outside of petals pinkish copper. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. JULIET. Per. Flowers old-gold on the outside while the inside is rosy red, changing to deep rose as the flowers expand. Large, full, and delightfully fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. KAISERIN AUGUSTE VICTORIA. H.T. Flowers white, shading to lemon; deep; full; fragrant. Free bloomer. Garden. Prune 3. (See page 60.) ; KATHARINA ZEIMET (White Baby Rambler). P. Flowers pure white, blooms incessantly. Bedding, edging. Prune 3. (See illustra- tion, page 46.) KILLARNEY. H.T. Flowers brilliant pink; long, pomted buds. Free bloomer; moderately vigorous. A great favorite. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. (See illustration i color, page 45.) KILLARNEY BRILLIANT. H.T. Flowers larger, more double, and a deeper pink than the parent Killarney; fragrant. A free bloomer. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. KILLARNEY, WHITE. H.T. Flowers pure white, long-pomted buds. Vigorous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3. (See illustration, page 153.) LADY ALICE STANLEY. H.T. Flowers deep coral-rose and pale flesh; large; exceptionally full; very lasting when cut. Garden, bed- ding, cut-flower. Prune 3. LADY ASHTOWN. H.T. Flowers pale rose, shading to yellow at base of petals. Garden, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex>2) fom: LADY ASHTOWN, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers pale rose, shading to yellow at base of petals. Vigorous. Pillar, trellis, arch. Prune 6. LADY HILLINGDON. T. Flowers deep apricot-yellow, shading to orange. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. (See cut, page 42.) LADY MARY WARD. H.T. Flowers rich orange, shaded deeper orange with metallic veneering. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. LADY PIRRIE. H.T. Flowers coppery red, changing to salmon and ivory-white. Garden, bedding. Prune 2, Among the pink Hybrid Perpetual Roses, MRS. JOHN LAING stands well in the Jead,—not so large as Paul Neyron, but more free in bloom, with excellent form, clear color and rich fragrance. GEORGE ARENDS also is worth noting as in the same class with the above and with even finer form. ED HOW TO GROW ROSES Lady Hillingdon (see page 50) Wm. R. Smith (see page 62) LA FRANCE. H.T. Flowers silvery rose, changing to pink; fine form; sweet; large; lovely buds. Moderately vigorous. Garden, bush, standard, and cut-flower. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 53.) LA TOSCA. H.T. Flowers rose. Free bloomer; good; vigorous. Gar- den, bush, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. LAURENT CARLE. H.T. Flowers brilliant, velvety carmine; large and perfect; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See p. EG) LE POILU. H.W. Flowers satiny rose, passing to pinkish lavender. Vigorous. Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune 6. LOS ANGELES. H.T. Flowers luminous pale pink and coral shaded with gold; Iarge and very fragrant. Vigorous. Garden bedding. Prune. 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 49.) LOUISE CATHERINE BRESLAU. Per. Flowers shrimp-pink, shaded with reddish coppery orange and chrome-yellow on the reverse of petals. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. LOUISE WELTER (Baby Tausendschén). P. Flowers deep pink to white, identical in color with the popular climbing Tausendsch6n, or Thousand Beauties. Bedding, edging. Prune 5. MME. ALFRED CARRIERE. N. Flowers cream-white, tinged pale yellow; large, full, double, and sweet. Vigorous grower. Porch, arch, trellis. Prune 7. MME. CAMILLE. T. Flowers flesh, changing to salmon; large, full and sweet. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2. MME. CAROLINE TESTOUT. H.T. Flowers clear pink, edged sil- very rose. Magnificent variety. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration in color, page 12.) ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 53 Magna Charta White Killarney La France See page 56 See page 50 See page 52 MME. CAROLINE TESTOUT, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers clear, rich pink; large and full. Vigorous. Pillar, arch, trellis. Prune 7. MME. CHARLES LUTAUD. H.T. Flowers deep chrome-yellow, sometimes tinged rosy scarlet. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MME. EDMOND ROSTAND. H.T. Flowers pale flesh, shaded with salmon, center reddish orange—distinct and charming. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. MME. EDOUARD HERRIOT (The Daily Mail Rose). Per. The most unique variety, recently mtroduced. Flowers medium size, semi-double, superbly colored, coral-red shaded with yellow and bright rosy scarlet, passing to prawn-red. Garden, bedding. Prune 5. MME. EUGENE MARLITT. Bou. Flowers carmine-red; fragrant. Free bloomer. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 4, tip severely. MME. JULES GROLEZ. H.T. Flowers china-rose, passing to clear, rich satiny pink. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MME. LEON PAIN. H.T._ Flowers silvery salmon, center orange- yellow. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MME. MELANIE SOUPERT. H.T. Flowers salmcn-yellow, suffused carmine; fragrant. Free bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See p. 61.) MME. PLANTIER. Alba. Flowers pure white. Vigorous; very free bloomer. Bush, hedge. Prune 6. MME. RAVARY. H.T. Flowers rich orange-yellow. Free-blooming and deliciously fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MME. SEGOND WEBER. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh color, deep pink when opening. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MLLE. CECILE BRUNNER. P._ Flowers seashell-pink, borne in sprays continually. Garden, bedding, bouquets. Prune 5. ROSE-ARCH AND -GARDEN IN HARRISBURG 56 HOW TO GROW ROSES Miss Alice de Rothschild Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller See page 57 See page 57 MAGNA CHARTA. _ H.P. Flowers pink, suffused with carmine. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 53.) MAMAN COCHET. T. Flowers deep coral-pink; large, very double, full; fragrant. Vigorous. Garden, bush. Prune 2. MAMAN COCHET, PINK, CLIMBING. C.T. Flowers coral-pink, shaded rosy crimson. Porch, pergola, arch, etc. Prune 4. MAMAN COCHET, WHITE. T. Flowers pure white; large, full and fragrant; buds long, pomted. Garden, bush: Prune 2. MARECHAL NIEL. N. Flowers deep yellow; large, globular, full and sweet. Vigorous. A most beautiful climber. Hardy only in the South. Porch, pillar, pot, standard, etc. Prune 5. MARIE PAVIE. T.P. Flowers white with delicate rose center. Un- surpassed as a bush cemetery rose. Blooms unceasingly and is quite hardy. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. MARIE VAN HOUTTE. T. Flowers pale yellow, edged rose; large, full, and fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2. MARQUISE DE SINETY. H.T. Buds rich yellow-ocher, suffused with carmine; the expanded flower is yellow, shaded rosy red. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MARY, COUNTESS OF ILCHESTER. H.J. Flowers beautiful crimson-carmine; verv large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. MARY LOVETT. W. Flowers pure pearly white; same type as the beautiful Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7—. ROSESMEOR AVE RTEAN GARDENS | 47 Mrs. Aaron Ward | Laurent Carle (see page 52) MAY QUEEN: W._ Flowers clear bright pink and deliciously sweet. A great bloomer. Pergola, arch, pillar, bush, hedge. Prune 6. MISS ALICE DE ROTHSCHILD. T. Flowers rich yellow. We call it bush Marechal Niel, although it is hardier. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 57.) MRS. AARON WARD. H.T._ Flowers Indian yellow, sometimes tinged salmon-rose. Garden, bedding; boutonniere. Prune 2. (See up.) MRS. A. R. WADDELL. H.T. Flowers coppery red, suffused with salmon. Incessant bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See p. 61.) MRS. B. R. CANT. T. Flowers rose-red; Iarge, full, perfectly double; fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. MRS. EMILY GRAY. H.W. Flowers yellow; does not fade. Very vigorous. Porch, arch, pergola, wall, etc. Prune 7. MRS. JOHN LAING. H.P. Flowers soft pink; large, full, and fragrant. Free bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 51.) MRS. ROBERT PEARY. C.H.T. Flowers Iemon-white, perfectly formed. Moderately vigorous. Pillar, trellis. Prune 5. MRS. WAKEFIELD CHRISTIE-MILLER. H.T. Flowers soft pearly blush. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 56.) MY MARYLAND. H.T. Flowers lovely salmon-pink, very freely produced on long stems. Garden, bedding, cutting. Prune 2. Peretti oa ; =: a The list of Hardy Climbing Roses has been wonderfully enriched during the last fifteen years by the addition of such varieties as DOROTHY PERKINS (as pictured above); also White Dorothy and Excelsa, or Red Dorothy. Their long, willowy branches, easily trained over almost any object, will, with reasonable care and nourishment, often attain a length of 20 feet in one season. ROSES® FOR: AMERICAN GARDENS - So NEW CENTURY. H.R. Flowers clear flesh-pink with light red center; deliciously sweet fragrance, like the wild rose. Extremely hardy. Hedge, bush, or garden. Prune 6. OPHELIA. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh color, shaded with rose. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 40.) ORLEANS. P. Flowers vivid rosy crimson. Garden, bedding, edging. Prune 3. PAUL NEYRON. H.P. Flowers deep rose; fragrant; opens flat. Vig- orous. Bedding, garden. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. PAUL’S SCARLET CLIMBER. H.W. Flowers vivid scarlet. Vig- orous; very fine. Porch, arch, pergola, wall, etc. Prune 7. PERLE DES JARDINS. T. Flowers deep yellow; very large, full, and fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration in color, page 32.) PERSIAN YELLOW. A.B. Flowers deep, rich, golden yellow. Garden, bush, hedge. Prune 6. (See illustration in color, page 63.) PHARISAER. H.T. Flowers rosy white, shaded with salmon. Vig- orous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. PHILADELPHIA RAMBLER. Mult. Flowers mtense crimson; double; mm large clusters. Very vigorous. Arch, porch, etc. Hardy. Prune 6—, 7+. PRINCE CAMILLE DE. ROHAN. H.P. Flowers velvety crimson; large. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. QUEENS SCARLET. C. Flowers rich velvety scarlet; size medium. Constant in bloom. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. Mrs. John Laing (see page 57) 60 HOW TO GROW ROSES Rayon d’Or Kaiserin Auguste Victoria See page 50 RADIANCE. H.T. Flowers rosy carmine and pink. Fine for mass planting. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. RAYON D’OR. Per. Flowers rich yellow, turning to sunflower- yellow. Foliage very fme. Vigorous. Garden. Prune 3. (See cut.) RED RADIANCE. H.T. Flowers clear cerise-red. Vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. ROGER LAMBELIN. H.P. Flowers glowig crimson with pure white around the edge of each petal. Unique. Garden, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. RUBY QUEEN. H.W. Flowers ruby, with white center; large; double; in clusters.’ Vigorous. Pergola, pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7+. RUGOSA ALBA. R. Flowers snow-white; Iarge; single. Free bloomer. Very vigorous. Bush, hedge. Prune 6. RUGOSA RUBRA. R. Flowers rosy crimson; large; single. Free bloomer. Very vigorous. Bush, hedge. Prune 6. SAFRANO. T. Flowers apricot-yellow; fragrant; semi-double. Con- stant bloomer. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3. SHOWER OF GOLD. H.W. Flowers deep golden yellow, borne in fine trusses. Beautiful, vivid, glossy green foliage. Very vigorous. Arch, pergola, porch, etc. ° Prine 6, 7—. SILVER MOON. H.W. Flowers snow-white; very large; single. Very vigorous. Arch, pergola, porch, etc. Prune 7. ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 61 Mme. Melanie Soupert Mrs. A. R. Waddell See page 53 See page 57 SIR THOMAS LIPTON. H.R. Flowers pure white; fragrant. Con- stant bloomer. Leaves beautiful. Very hardy. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. Prune 5, 7+. SOLEIL D’OR (Sun of Gold). Per. Flowers reddish gold, orange-yel- low, nasturtium-red, and rosy pink; spicy orange fragrance. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. SOUV. DE GUSTAVE PRAT. H.T. Flowers clear light sulphur- yellow. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. SOUV. DE LA MALMAISON. Bou. Flowers lovely creamy flesh with rose center, elegantly shaded. Garden, bedding. Prune 3. SOUV. DE PIERRE NOTTING. T. Flowers apricot-yellow, shaded orange. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. SOUV. DU PRESIDENT CARNOT. H.T. Flowers shell-pmk, tinted with fawn; large and full. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. SUNBURST. H.T. Flowers mtense orange-copper and golden yellow. Extra fine. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. SWEETBRIAR (R. rubiginosa). S.B. Flowers pink; single. Foliage delightfully fragrant. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. Prune 6, 7+. TAUSENDSCHON. Mult. Flowers white to deep pink. Very vig- orous. Has few thorns. Fine. Porch, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7—. (See Ulustration in color, page 78.) TIP-TOP (Baby Doll). P. Flowers pink, yellow gold, and lavender combined. Dwarf grower, Bedding, edging. Prune 5. 62 HOW TO GROW ROSES A tasteful arrangement of Ulrich Brunner roses ULRICH BRUNNER. H.P. Flowers rich red; fragrant; petals broad, round, thick. A standard variety. Vigorous. Garden, bedding, and standard. Prune 1 for Exe 3 fonu@st. (ce illustration in color, page 94.) VIRIDIFLORA. C. Flowers with curious green petals, like a bunch of calyxes. Fine for St. Patrick’s Day. Blooms freely. Garden. Prune 2. WICHURAIANA. W._ Flowers pure white; single. Leaves glossy, free from insects. Will grow anywhere. Splendid for holdine banks from washing. Vigorous. Creeping. Prune 6, 7+. WILLIAM ALLEN RICHARDSON. N. Flowers coppery yellow, tinged with carmine; deliciously fragrant. Not hardy. Splendid for the South. Vigorous. Porch, pillar. Prune 5. WM. R. SMITH. T. Blush-pink; large; full. Vigorous grower. Gar- den, bedding. Prune 1 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 52.) WILLIAM SHEAN. H.T. Flowers pure pink with delicate ochery venation; very large. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3. WILLOWMERE. H.T. Flowers rich shrimp-pink, shaded yellow in the center. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. YORK AND LANCASTER. Damask. Flowers striped red and white. Very hardy. A very old and rather rare rose. Associated with the “Wars of the Roses.”’ Garden. Prune 4. (See illustration, page 7.) . x { n sf oe Seigis a treke ts s Baan Sao ion Ne | The beautiful PERSIAN YELLOW Rose is com- mended highly, especially to those living in the colder sections of our country. Its rich coloring and hardiness, combined with its early season of bloom and fragrant young foliage, give it a value among Roses comparable to the value of gold among metals. A cousin to this Rose is HARISON’S YELLOW; like it in color but Iess double in bloom and more able to care for itself wherever planted. Both bloom earlier than even the Rugosas though not so early as HUGONIS. sis 64 HOW TO GROW ROSES La France. Beautiful on the lawn; just as fine in vases Roses for Various Purposes and Uses Twelve Star Varieties In selecting the best roses, there are so many qualities to be considered that it requires a large collection and unusual opportunities to watch and study them under every possible condition they are likely to encounter. We have been fortunate in having unusual facilities for this experimental work. Furthermore, our observation extends over a long period of years, during which, each season, we have obtained — and tried out all new sorts of promise, and thus aim to have the best obtainable constantly on trial. We also travel extensively and visit rose-gardens in many states of the Union. Due regard has been given to the published expert- ences of other dependable rose-lovers, in reaching our own conclusions. To pass our severe test, arose must prove itself a vigorous grower and an abundant bloomer, and must also excel Its rivals either in size, color, form, fragrance, or habit. So many friends ask us to select their roses that we believe they must have read Pemberton’s advice. (See page 38.) ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 65 These pages answer your questions before you ask them; they save you the expense of experiments; and, if you do your part, you can count on a reward of good bloom. Columbia (H.T.). Pink. Los Angeles (H.T.). Pink. Duchess of Wellington (H.T.). | Prince Camille de Rohan (H.P.). Yellow. Red. Frau Karl Druschki (H.P.). White. | Radiance (H.T.). Pink. General MacArthur (H.T.). Red. | Red Radiance (H.T.). Red. Gruss an Teplitz (H.T.). Red. Sunburst (H.T.). Yellow. eo Auguste Victoria (H.T.). | White Maman Cochet (T.). White. White. Twelve Cold-Country Roses Here are roses selected from among those that live out- doors over winter and thrive im localities north of the lati- tude of New York and Chicago. These laugh at zero weather. Conrad F. Meyer (H.R.). Pink. May Queen (H.W.). Pink. Frau Karl Druschki (H.P.). White. | Mrs. John Laing (H.P.). Pink. George Arends (H.P.). Pink. Paul Neyron (H.P.). Pink. Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau | Sir Thomas Lipton (H.R.). White. (ERP). Red: Souv. de P. Leperdrieux (H.R.). Gloire Lyonnaise (H.P.). Cream. Red. Hugh Dickson (H.P.), Red. Ulrich Brunner (H.P.), Red. Hybrid Rugosas. "4 Invaluable for cold-country planting. Note the beautiful foliage 66 HOW TO GROW ROSES Nearly every home may have a dozen bushes like these Twelve Sunny South Roses If you live on the sunny side of the frost-lime and wish a set of superior sorts for a warm country, here are twelve that we know you will find supremely satisfying. These are our favorite twelve m a climate where there is little danger from frost. They will winter well as far north as Washington, D. C. Countess of Gosford (H.T.). Sal- |} Mme. Melanie Soupert (H.T.). mon. Yellow. putes: of Wellington (H.T.). | Mrs. B. R. Cant (T.). Red. ellow. Radi H.T.). Pink. Hadley. (Linon oigeds ae os ee. Hoosier Beauty (H.T.). Red. FAO kT Ges Scene Maman Cochet (T.). Pink. Sunburst (H.T.). Yellow. Marie Van Houtte (T.). Tinted. | White Killarney (H.T.). White. ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 67 Climbing Roses That Will Cover Quickly, Trellises, Porches, Buildings, Etc. Every home has room for a few climbers, because vines around a house decorate it as nothing else does,:and to have vines that will hand you forth roses—imagine the pleasure of that! . Where you live makes a difference; roses that will grow to cover your house with bloom in northern New England are not the kinds to do the same in the sunny South. So, think of these things when you order, or, better still, leave it all to your grower, who will select to suit your home and climate. For example, here are three sets, each one good for the section mdicated. Order accordingly, and you will get pleasing results. (See list of climbing roses recommended for this purpose on page 68.) —— — Dorothy Perkins roses in cold New England, growing over a cottage of Thos. W. Lawson, Dreamwold, Massachusetts. 68 HOW TO GROW ROSES We recommend the followimg roses for the uses described on the preceding page: For a Warm Climate—Everblooming Climbers— Climbing Gruss an Teplitz. Mrs. Robert Peary. White Marechal Niel. Yellow . . Climbing Pink Maman Cochet. Pink . For a Temperate Climate (latitude a coeds and New York) — Dorothy Perkins. Pink . . : Excelsa (Red Dorothy). Red White Dorothy Perkins. Mrs. Emily Gray. Yellow . For a Cold Climate (where winters are long and pee Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pink . Mary Lovett. White Ruby Queen. Red Tausendschén. Pink ad white. Archways, Arbors, Summer-Houses, Pergolas, and for Beautifymg Boundaries, Fences, Etc. Effective uses of Hybrid Wichuraianas Certain roses lend themselves admirably to being trained over objects on which they can have support. The best kinds for such a purpose, we think, are: Dorothy Perkins. Pinkeiee Ruby Queen. ‘Red 7s American Pillar, Single. Pink. . 44 Excelsa (Red Dorothy Perkins). 47 Tausendschon. Blush eens Or Aviateur Bleriot. Nellowrtn ie Peg 4 Quite as pretty an effect may be had with certain other kinds by ROSES OR VARIOUS] PURPOSES 69 A lovely spot in the famous Gravereaux Rose-garden near Paris allowing them to grow over a fence, as shown on page 71. Their willowy vine-like branches are very graceful, the foliage is shmy and almost evergreen, giving these the advantage over the Ramblers of being attractive even when not in bloom and almost the entire year. Page Page Allbenicsbanrbici sh aaa 4g Gandentaere skeet keke o> 4S CGoromavion® cars agen ees ee 4m alee Porlul eee. aren sey kets 5S iDorowdiny eedeins, Ime. 2 ai Silky@e Mile 4s BS es OO Dorothy Perkins. White . . 47 Universal Favorite. Pink . . 115 Excelsa . 47 Wichuraiana, Single. White. 62 The above-mentioned roses flower during one period of the year only, but are hardier for cold climates than the fol- lowing, which, if well cared for and properly nourished, will continué to produce some bloom during summer and autumn. Page ClimbimesGrussvanmleplitza eda, mss ye . AO CGhhmbingat Ophelia Gruss an Teplitz Richmond Hugh Dickson Ulrich Brunner Six best climbing or rambling roses American Pillar Mme. Alfred Carriere Aaa, Dorothy Perkins Mme. Caroline Testout, Climbing Gloire de Dijon Wm. Allen Richardson Six best red roses for general cultivation Avoca Jes Clank General MacArthur Richmond Hugh Dickson Ulrich Brunner *ssoyusOYy} JSOU]e SISOY BUIG UII]") Apiv yy] a[qeilsop puev SNOIOBIA “K[QAOT SIY} JO 9UIeU o}e11doidde oy SI ‘soryneag pues “noy], 10 ‘NOHOSANASNVL EXPERT OPINIONS Roses for the Pacific Northwest, continued Six best white roses for general cultivation British Queen Florence Pemberton Frau Karl Druschki Grange Colombe Mme. Jules Bouché Mrs. Foley-Hobbs Six best pink roses for general cultivation Columbia Lady Ashtown Mme. Caroline Testout Maman Cochet Miss Kate Moulton Ophelia Six best yellow roses for general cultivation Joseph Hill Lady Hillingdon Mme. Ravary Mrs. Aaron Ward Sunburst Mme. Melanie Soupert For Mmneapolis and Vicinity Mimneapolis has the largest public rose-garden in the Northwest, and Mr. Theodore Wirth, Superintendent of Parks, of Minneapolis, Minn., recommends for his section of the country the following list of roses: Hybrid Perpetuals Hugh Dickson Mme. Gabriel Luizet iB. Clark Mrs. John Laing Jules Margottin Paul Neyron Louis Van Houtte Prince Camille de Rohan Marie Finger Tom Wood Marshall P. Wilder Ulrich Brunner Hybrid Teas Anna de Diesbach Baroness Rothschild Captain Hayward Clio Frau Karl Druschki General Jacqueminot Heinrich Schultheis Aaron Ward Lady Ashtown Mme. Caroline Testout Alfred Colomb Lady Ursula Mme. Jules Grolez General MacArthur La France Radiance George Dickson Laurent Carle Red Radiance Gruss an Teplitz Mary, Countess of Souv. du President Jonkheer J. L. Mock IIchester Carnot Kaiserin Auguste Vic- toria Killarney, Pink and White Crimson Rambler Maman Cochet, White Totote Gelos and Pink Willowmere Miss Cynthia Forde Climber Ramblers Tausendschin. (See opposite page.) 80 HOW TO GROW ROSES Roses for Minneapolis and Vicinity, continued > Polyantbas Abundance Clotilde Soupert Gloire des Polyanthas Jessie Marie Pavie Mlle. Cecile Brunner Mme. Norbert Levavasseur Mme. Zelia Bourgeois Mrs. W. H. Cutbush Orleans Primula Triomphe Orleanais White Clotilde Soupert Climbing Wichuraianas Dorothy Perkins Minnehaha Hiawatha Paradise Lady Alice Stanley La Fiamma ‘The Farquhar Rose For Central New York State Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D., is president of the Syracuse (New York) Rose Society, and perhaps America’s nearest prototype of Dean Hole, England’s great rosarian of beloved memory. He recommends the following as the best collection of twenty-ftve Hybrid Teas and Teas for Syracuse and vicin- ity, considermg hardiness, variety of color, vigor of growth, and freedom of bloom. Hybrid Teas Antoine Rivoire Lady Ashtown Chateau de Clos Vougeot Laurent Carle Columbia Mme. Jules Bouché Duchess of Wellington Mme. Melanie Soupert Florence Pemberton Mme. Segond Weber General MacArthur Miss Cynthia Forde Gruss an Teplitz Mrs. Aaron Ward Killarney, Pmk Ophelia K6nigin Carola Radiance Lady Alice Stanley Sunburst Teas Harry Kirk Marie Van-Houtte Wm. R. Smith Lady Hillingdon White Maman Cochet EXPERT OPINIONS SI For Roslyn and Northwest Long Island Admiral Aaron Ward*, in 1916, recommended the selection given below. It was based upon the following requirements: autumn blooms indispensable; weak growers barred; also plants of huge growth, like La Tosca or Gruss an Teplitz, except for use m mass effects; flowers to be full, no thinner than Pharisder; climbers not included. Pernetianas Constance Mme. Edouard Herriot Lyon Rose Willowmere Teas Mme. Antoine Mari Paula Mme. Jean Dupuy Wm. R. Smith Marte Van Houtte Hybrid Perpetual Frau Karl Druschki Bourbon Souv. de Ila Malmaison 3 Hybrid Teas Augustine Guinoisseau Amateur Teyssier Chateau de Clos Vougeot Dean Hole Duchess of Wellington Earl of Warwick General-Superior Arnold Janssen General MacArthur George C. Waud Gruss an Teplitz Gustav Grunerwald Joseph Hill Konigin Carola Lady Alice Stanley Lady Ashtown Lady Greenall Laurent Carle Lieut. Chauré Mabel Drew Mme. Abel Chatenay Mme. Jules Bouché Mme. Jules Grolez Mme. Leon Pain Mme. Melanie Soupert Mme. Ravary Mme. Segond Weber Marquise de Sinety Mrs. Aaron Ward Mrs. Amy Hammond Mrs. A. R. Waddell Mrs. Charles Hunter Mrs. Edward Powell Mrs. George Shawyer Mrs. Harold Brocklebank Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt Pharisiier Prince de Bulgarie Radiance Souv. du Pres. Carnot St. Helena Viscountess Folkestone _ *Admiral Aaron Ward, a really great rosarian, died July 5, 1918. The notable introductions of the past four years would displace only a few from the list of roses he most prized. 8> HOW TO GROW ROSES Rose-beds of one variety make a fine effect For Philadelphia and Vicinity Dr. Robert Huey, the eminent amateur whose success has been an inspiration to many others, and who is broadly recognized as an authority on garden roses, recommends the followmg varieties: : Hybrid Teas Antoine Rivoire Betty Duchess of Wellington Ellen Willmott George C. Waud Joseph Hill Killarney Lady Alice Stanley Lady Ashtown Laurent Carle Los Angeles Lyon Mabel Drew Mme. Edouard Herriot Mme. Caroline Testout Mme. Hector Leuillot Mme. Jules Bouché Mme. Leon Pain Mme. Melanie Soupert Mme. Segond Weber Mrs. Aaron Ward Mrs. A. R. Waddell Mrs. Harold Brocklebank Mrs. MackKellar Ophelia Pharisiier Prince de Bulgarie Radiance Robert Huey Viscountess Folkestone Willowmere EXPERT OPINIONS 83 Roses for Philadelphia and Vicmity, continued _ Hybrid Perpetuals Baroness Rothschild Mrs. John Laing Captain Hayward Mrs. George Dickson Frau Karl Druschki Susanne-Marie Rodocanachi George Arends Ulrich Brunner Oskar Cordel Tea Roses (Hardy) Harry Kirk Safrano Hugo Roller White Maman Cochet Lady Hillmgdon Wm. R. Smith Maman Cochet Climbing and Pillar Roses Aviateur Bleriot Excelsa Christine Wright Gardenia Dorothy Perkins Hiawatha . Dr. W. Van Fleet Reine Marie Henriette Elisa Robichon Tausendsch6én For Washington, D. C., and Pomts South Dr. W. Van Fleet has for many, many years been a dis- tinguished student of the rose. American Pillar, May Queen, Ruby Queen, Mary Lovett, Bess Lovett, Alida Lovett, Silver Moon, and Dr. W. Van Fleet are a few of his hybridizing. Now associated with the Department of Agriculture, he is hybrid- izing them to fit the needs of the American people. From such an authority do we offer the followmg list for warm climates: Pink Red Killarney, H.T. Cardinal, H.T. Mme. Abel Chatenay, H.T. Etoile de France, H.T. Mme. Gabriel Luizet, H.P. General MacArthur, H.T Maman Cochet, T. Gruss an Teplitz, H.T. Mrs. John Laing, H.P. Nien Clarice: My Maryland, H.T. Red Radiance, H.T. Paul Neyron, H.P. Richmond, H.T. Radiance, H.T. Ulrich Brunner, H.P. Wm. R. Smith, T. White Yellow Frau Karl Druschki, H.P. Etoile de Lyon, T. Gloire Lyonnaise, H.P. Lady Hillingdon, T. Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, H.T. Sunburst, H.T. Killarney, White, H.T. White Maman Cochet, T. 84 HOW TO GROW ROSES For Chicago and the North By W. C. EGAN Eprror’s Nore.—People who live in the cold Northwest may think it useless to attempt growing roses, but, as Dr. Bailey says, “tthe success of the rose in this country is very largely a question of the selection of adaptable varieties.” ‘The Lake Fcrest section, on the west shore of Lake Michigan and north of Chicago, Is typical of a large area to the north and west. In this section there Is no one better able to speak from broad experience than W. C. Egan, the eminent horticulturist of Highland Park. In response to our request for a list of roses best suited to his cold country, he very generously sent us a contribution which, without further comment, we are most happy to present. to our readers. While the section bordering Lake Michigan from Chicago northward, called the North Shore district, is not a rosarian’s paradise, we can have roses from early June until frost. This we can accomplish with but little care, except in the case of the Hybrid Teas, which require proper attention. Given this, they flood us with a shower of bloom that makes them worthy of cultivation, even if we treat them as annuals, and plant fresh stock each year. “Expensive!” you say. Well, yes, to a certain extent; but so are bedding-plants, and babies, and automobiles; but the results in all cases are worth the money. Some spend money lavishly for winter decorations that fade in the night. The same amount, spent for Hybrid Teas planted out early in the spring, gives one pleasure all summer. They are easily cared for, if the instruc- tions given in this work are carried out. For those who pos- sess small grounds and have but little time to attend to them we have that poor man’s blessing, the Rosa rugosa, and its hybrids. This Japanese rose does not know how to “catch cold,” and will stay Jonger with you and give far more pleas- ure than any poor relation. It blooms profusely in June and scatteringly all through summer, ripening its bright red, cherry-like berries during the late summer months. Its foliage is unusually fine and insect-proof. This feature alone should be highly appreciated, for the beauty of foliage ts more than half the beauty of any plant. This rose was known to rosarians as early as 1845, but its beauty and hardiness EXPERT OPINIONS 85 and its value m hybridizing were not appreciated until some forty years afterward, when Mr. Robert C. S. Carman, of New Jersey, and M. Georges Bruant of Poitiers, France, gave us the hybrids, Agnes Emily Carman, and Mme. Georges Bruant. While the former was produced first, thus giving the honor of producing the first Rugosa hybrid to an Ameri- can, it was delayed in its propagation, and the French rose was the first on the market. In all of Mr. Carman’s experi- ments the Rugosa rose was the mother plant, and it is a singular fact that the Agnes Emily Carman rose, bearing flowers having the color and scent of the General Jacque- minot rose, should have Harison’s Yellow as the male parent. The success of these hybridizers caused others to enter the field, and we now have a host of good forms, all hardy and reliable. Where these hybrids possess some Tea blood, unusually cold winters may kill them back somewhat. The handsome Rugosa hybrid, Conrad F. Meyer, is some- times “cut back” in winter. This type and its hybrids are splendidly adapted for forming entire hedges or large groups, and may be depended upon for flower and foliage. The well-known dwarf rose, Hermosa, and the writer made their first appearance before the public at about the same time, and the former has graced our gardens for seventy-five years. It is reliable and hardy with but little protection, and is one of the best bedders today. The same may be said of the Clothilde Soupert, one of the largest-flowered forms of the Polyantha class, introduced in 1884. In 1880, Veuve Ducher introduced the charming dwarf Polyantha, Mlle. Cecile Brunner, the queen of the so-called Fairy rose class, hardy with slight protection, and admirable for corsage bou- quets. Its miniature buds, so delightfully tinted, are ad- mired by all, especially by the gentler sex. Who has not admired the Cherokee rose of the southern states, an escaped exotic, bemg the Chinese Rosa sinica, that has taken so kindly to the conditions offered as to thrive there on the waysides and fence corners? We of the North can have its counterpart, all except Its evergreen foliage, in the extremely hardy Rosa spinosissima var. Altatca, 86 HOW TO GROW ROSES from the Altai Mountains in Siberia. When in bloom, it is a charming sight in the purity of its single, pure white flowers. I cannot understand why this rose is scarce and hard to find, as in good soil it suckers rapidly and thus an increased stock is easily obtained. The old-fashioned Sweetbriar, with its heaven-born perfume, often winter-kills here, but I grow it m among some tall-growing barberries through whose branches the Briar thrusts its long canes. The barberry shades the Briar canes in winter and but little loss occurs. I tried Lord Penzance hybrids and, much to my regret, could not carry them over winter, so the charming Lady Penzance was banished from “‘Egandale.” The Persian Yellow and Harison’s Yellow, as well as all the Mosses, are hardy here. All of the Baby Ramblers do well here, slightly protected, and are well fitted for borders of large rose-beds. A£nnchen Miller is splendid; as a cut-flower, each well-grown truss Is a bouquet in itself; and, the flowers being loosely arranged, give an airy elegance to the decoration. The color is good in day- light or electric,—a desirable quality in any flower. Hybrid Perpetuals and those grown as such require winter- protection. Some stand this covered-up condition better than others. Here ts a list I gave in Bailey’s “Cyclopedia of American Horticulture” some years ago, and I would not change it now. Undoubtedly, there are many more that will do as well if tried, but there are enough listed to create a garden for anyone. The winter of 1898-1899 was the most severe in this sec- tion I ever experienced, and many trees and shrubs, con- sidered “tron-clad,”’ were killed. The following is a list of roses which wintered here under pyouee ion and which came out mn good condition: Captain Christy Louis Van Houtte Captain Hayward Magna Charta Garden Favorite Mrs. Pau General Jacqueminot Mrs. R. G. Sharman-Crawford John Hopper Paul Neyron La Rosiere Prince Camille de Rohan Deserving of more general use 1s the RUGOSA family of Roses, with foliage, flowers and fruit each an ornament to a most hardy and satisfactory shrubby plant of fine habit 88 HOW TO GROW ROSES The followimg eleven were in fair condition and recovered their form during the season: Alfred Colomb Mme. Gabriel Luizet Anna de Diesbach Mme. Victor Verdier Baronne Provost Pierre Notting Countess of Oxford Prince of Wales Eugene Furst Ulrich Brunner Lyonnaise This section, together with many in the northern states, suffered for the want of a suitable number of climbing roses that might be carried over the winter with an easily prepared protection, until the advent of the Crimson Rambler, which reached England from Japan in 1878. This was followed soon after by Rosa Wichuraiana and its hybrids. Up to this time we had to be content with Queen of the Prairie, Baltimore Belle, Russell’s Cottage, and Multiflora rose Greville, or Seven Sisters. The first two were produced by Feast of Baltimore in 1843 by hybridizing that most excellent hardy Prairie rose, R. setigera, with some of the garden forms of the day. I have often wondered why hybridizers had not used this hardy semi-climbing rose more frequently m their work. About all the climbing roses, bearing a large percentage of Rugosa or Wichuraiana blood, are hardy with a slight protection in winter. Which is the best is merely a matter of choice. The new, prostrate rose, Max Graf, may be used as a climber and is hardy without protection. Grown without support, it lies close to the surface, thus making a splendid ground-cover. In beds, well established, the new canes will rise up some 18 inches and then, arching over, rest their tips upon the ground. Planted at the top of a wail they hang over like a veil. The bright green foliage indicates a mixture of the Rugosa and Wichuraiana blood and is attractive all summer and fall. Free from mildew or insect pests. In Its blooming season, June and July, it is covered with a clear pink flower similar in color, size and substance to the pink Rugosa. EXPERT OPINIONS 89 Eprror’s Note.—Mr. Egan has also made eect test of the lead- ing HybridTeas, both for their blooming qualities and also. for hardiness and suitability for his climate. He planted three plants each, did not disbud, and the second summer out, which was a hot and trying one, he cut as shown in this report: Av. blooms Av. blooms Av. blooms NAME OF VARIETY prior to after per plant for ug. I Aug. 1 whole season Fe cana tener meet natu ys, hese tle eA V4 75 118% Drmiitlanne vies opp aaa, ota ee aye ee 25% 52% 2. a eosea. aE Re a ee Os. 18% 45 4. Grossherzog Friedrich . . 2... 19% 2G 44% peaicadiance 2): 20 16 42 6. Lady Ashtown. (two plants) oe RIGy 17% 34.14 go Oplelian x 2. ee ELOlA 18% 34.24 Se Najestic -- Sane Mn ela TO 15 33 go MirssA]-R: aWecitielie, Seen eG 1524 31% HOM NETS ATONE VWaTGes, (aco treh gtieah as oe EA, 17% 31% Eioobady Ursula). be Shere nT ets 12 301% - 12. Duchess of Wellington AP Sapa VERO ERS, 22% 301% <3. blorence Pemberton 20. ... ao 4. 10% 194% 30 ie enaTisacr = 5 - rd tn eG 13 281% 15. Viscountess Folkestone... . . . 13 134% 26% 16: Souvede.Gustave Prat. = 4.1 10% 15 2524 17. Mme. Carolme Testout. .. . - . 14% 10 24% 13e lbadveAlice Stanley?) seas. a. 1334 10% 23% fee Vine Weconsbam sca ees 5 2 OY 14 23% Bowibrumece de buleariey... 2). 2s.) TZ 11% 23% oie Gustav. Grunerwald-— «5. 265 2.5.9 14 23 22. General MacArthur. ...... 8% 13% 22 Pe sbrentenantGhauré« =) 0) 5°20. 10% II 21% Pima MblONyIMerels putcy even penn Sen TA 7 21% Beery LeIrtie re. Wayek ee eh ee LO 10% 20% 26. Duchess of Westminster . . . . . 10% 0% 19% 27 Be ATUTeNt CATE: 3 Anes Bere el OMe 10% 19% Dome inmesieay anyon teens ofc... aha O34 9% 18 2G) HarbenkOniein (2's shy ieeee hee, LO 7% 17% 30. Antome Rivoire. . SURG SI ae te 424 16% 31. Dean Hole (first year) . Ty A, ORG a pam 1224 1624 32. Mme. Jules Bouché . 5a 6% 9% 161% 33. Earl of Warwick : se ee 8% 15% 34. Mme. Melanie Soupert. SRhRO 5% 14% 35. Mrs. Wakefield Christie-Miller . 5 14 36. Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt. 5B 71% 13% 37. Jonkheer J. L. Mock (buds « come bull-headed) 4% 8% 13 38. Mme. Jenny Gillemot . 6% 6% 12% 39. Chateau de Clos Vougeot (weak grower) . Sa 6 5% 11% 40. Mme. Edmond Rostand 5% 5% 11 41. Mrs. George Shawyer . 4 6% 10% 42. Louise'G. Breslau... 7 % 9% In Elizabeth Park Rose-garden, Hartford, Connecticut ROSE {2ROGRESS QI The Increasing Regard for Roses In his book, ““The Cultivated Man,” Charles W. Eliot says: ‘‘A brook, a hedge-row, or a garden is an inexhaustible teacher of wonder, reverence, and love.”’ Another one of “America’s noblemen,” G. A. Parker’, with exquisite feeling, thus portrays the possible mnfluence of the rose on the lives of men, when, in telling of the rose- garden at Elizabeth Park, he says: “T have come to think of beauty as the love-letter of the Creator, through which He is wooing us unto Himself; for beauty is spiritual, and not physical. “A love-letter is a message into which the sender puts a part of his very self, and the one who receives it, In some mysterious way, weaves It into a part of his very life. It matters little what words are used or how the message Is sent, providing it becomes a part of the sender and of the. receiver. Surely the Creator uses a most beautiful form when He avails Himself of the roses to convey His message.” Among the real rose-lovers now scattered widely over our great country, It is difficult to conceive of a finer loyalty than already exists toward the flower of their choice. Such devo- tion as theirs is bearing fruit. Better roses in their gardens are arousing more abundant admiration on the part of neigh- bors. This results in more “recruits.” Rose societies spring up here and there. The members help each other, and more and more each one comes to know the j joy of growing one’s own roses. This is just what has been going on in many sec- tions of our great country. The delights of rose-growing have been revealed to vastly increasmg numbers of amateurs within the past few years. The “garden magazines” have helped. The ‘‘garden clubs” have been a promiment factor. There are, perhaps, half a dozen rose men lecturingf on this fascinating subject and forwarding the good work. All have helped, and the combined efforts of these various agencies are beginning to bloom into activities of great promise. * ‘“American Rose Annual,’’ 1916, pages 71, 72. + A list of these will be furnished on request. 92 HOW TO GROW ROSES The American Rose Society aims “To increase the general interest in the cultivation and improve the standard of excellence of the rose for all people.” Whether you grow one rose or acres of them (whether - you are an amateur or professional), you will find it delight- fully profitable to belong to the American Rose Society. Already nearly 2,000 folks seem to have found it so, and are - sending in the names of their friends from every part of our great country. The highest ambition of the American Rose Society is to serve its members. This it strives earnestly to do. It strmulates and fosters the holding of exhibitions in every available rose center, and heightens the interest by awarding—Gold, Silver, and Bronze Medals, or Certificates of Merit for prize exhibits. It holds annually one or more rose exhibitions, usually in connection with some large flower-show. Tickets for such shows are sent free to all members. Local societies are organized, in affiliation with the parent body, with consequent advantages to associate members. A complete file of available roses and registry of new ones of merit Is constantly maintained, preparatory to the pub- lication of an official catalogue in the near future. Important rose test-gardens are established at Hartford, Conn.; Washington, D.C.; Ithaca, N. Y.; Mmneapolis, Minn. and Borden: Ore. Results obtained in each ‘separate climatic zone are thus available for the enlightenment of members. The American Rose Society also publishes the American Rose Annual. It is ably edited by J. Horace McFarland, of Harrisburg, Pa., and is available to members only. It con- tains, each year, a comprehensive record of rose progress America, with original, helpful, up-to-date information. It is beautifully illustrated m color and sepia, and contains about 180 pages.- Membership is annual, at $2, and life, at $50. For further information or enrollment, address Editor, ‘How to Grow Roses,’ West Grove, Pa. AMERICAN ROSE SOCIETY 93 Fragrant Roses By Dr. W. VAN FLEET ‘‘Acreeable fragrance is one of the most valued attributes of the perfect rose, though many indispensable species and varieties do not possess it in marked degree, and not a few are either odorless or even distasteful to the sense of smell. . . “The wild roses of North Europe mostly have famt fragrance or are scentless and the same may be said of our Middle West and Pacific Coast species, though there are a few exceptions in the ex- treme Northwest. . . . “True rose-fragrance arises from the presence of rose-oil or attar, a volatile oil elaborated in the petals of the blooms just before opening. It appears most abundantly m the cells near the base of the petals, yet is present in such small quantities that it usually requires a ton and a half of fresh plucked rose petals to produce a pound of oil which resembles brownish butter. “Roses of the hardy, free-flowering Rugosa type from Japan, which grow well in America, typify rose-perfume in its most pleasing form. Some of the hybrid Rugosas are also very fragrant, while others, although fragrant, have not the mtense fragrance of the single-flowered Rosa rugosa rubra (red) and R. rugosa alba (white). “Attar of roses is secured from the fresh petals of fragrant roses by the ordinary process of distillation and condensation used to recover all essential or volatile oils produced in nature It exists in such small quantity, however, even in the best perfume varieties, that it remains in solution in the water of condensation that comes over from the still and must be washed out or redistilled several times before it may be skimmed off, as with more abundant oils. These first waters, however, are most deliciously scented, and, in this country at least, would be more valuable as true commercial rose-waters than the attar itself when extracted from them. “There is one remaining entrancing rose-odor—the despair of perfumery chemists—that of the Sweetbrier foliage after a rain. It cannot be recovered by any known process and lives and dies with the occasion during which it is perceived. . . . “Rose aromas are not congenial to all persons, and occasionally an individual is found to whom they are annoying, and even hurt- ful, in the way of causing catarrhal symptoms; but to the over- whelming majority of gardeners, fragrance is a prime requisite for the thorough enjoyment of a rose bloom.” Eviror’s Nore.—As a sample of the character of the 1919 ““American Rose Annual,” these extracts from pages 14-19 are published here by permission of the Editor, J. Horace McFarland, Harrisburg, Pa. WANNOAYWE HOM1IN ‘jenqodi9g pugsy dy} sey ‘yamMois Apinys pue “1OJOO YONI JO “SIOMO]] JUBIBEIY 9B] a ROSE PROGRESS £5 Municipal Rose-Gardens Hartford, Connecticut, was the pioneer for America; and she builded well. Starting in 1904, in Elizabeth Park, there were laid out one and one-quarter acres. This the author visited first upon his return from a tour among the more prominent rose-gardens in England, Ireland, Holland, Ger- many, and France. While delighted with the cultural suc- cess and magnificent show of varieties, there seemed im the ensemble much to be desired in the matter of treatment and arrangement. This will probably be true of most of the test- gardens referred to m the above section, because beauty of landscape effect is not the first thing sought for in a rose- garden made primarily for test purposes, although the more there is of grace and beauty, of charm and enchantment, by reason of the arrangement, of course, the better it is. But Hartford led the way, and nobly contmues to render this nation, at least the northeastern part of it, a great ser- vice. She showed that even a little public rose-garden, well done, begets enthusiastic public appreciation. Mr. G. A. Parker, Supermtendent of Parks, of Hartford, reports 116,000 people having visited this rose-garden in one year. There are in it three hundred different varieties of roses and about fifteen hundred separate plants, and the cost, both for construction and maintenance, in eleven years has been $0.0173 per visitor. But as for its influence upon, and value to, the people who have come to see it, no money estimates can be made. If any reader feels mclined to doubt this last statement, permit us to suggest that he submit his feelings to the test of a visit. There are many American cities which have roses in their parks, and these cities are extending their plantings; but as yet only a limited number have definitely set apart, and regularly arranged for, a real rose-garden. If any of our readers have the opportunity to visit Port- land, Oregon, certainly one of the sights of that city of won- derful promise is the municipal rose-garden. It is larger, per- haps, than that of Hartford,—a sunken garden with rose- 96 HOW TO GROW ROSES Municipal Rose-garden, Cleveland, Ohio. One year old covered terraces; a fountain-centered system of walks and a large amount of growth; and, as nearly every rose-lover knows, a gratifyingly long season of bloom. It is, we believe, true of Portland, as of no other city, that the commercial men have long realized the value of the rose and its exploita- tion as an indirect, though very definite means of spreading, world-wide, the fame of that rose-favored corner of the earth. This is a reason why there is enthusiasm in Portland back of the conception to establish in another part of the city another municipal rose-garden that shall outclass any other in America. And why should Portland not do so? The author would enjoy telling his readers much more about the mag- nificent hedges of roses in Portland; of the great annual rose- festivals, with electrical displays; of many different parades; of automobiles; of the Royal Rosarians and their Queen of the Roses with her attendants,—all domg homage to the rose. In 1915, at Cleveland, Ohio, for the first time there appeared on display a most creditable municipal rose-gar- den, its success being due in large measure, doubtless, to the able hand of their superintendent of parks. No climbing ROSE PROGRESS 97 roses surrounded it when the author enjoyed its rich June bloom, but the varieties had been well chosen for that locality, and arranged in good taste. AII were bush roses and were grouped in beds, with an arrangement of walks making the annually recurring display easily accessible to large numbers of people. Time and growth, with the good care it is sure to get, will furnish the softening and enriching effect that only age can supply. It is a splendid beginning, and such as one would expect of Cleveland. And so, in sequence, might be mentioned a few other cities whose activities along this line have come to the attention of the author. Syracuse, N. Y., has now the beginning of a most credit- able municipal rose-garden, the result of a demand made by the citizens, promoted by an energetic rose society and its indefatigable president, Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D. Long life to him! Now, too, we are happy to report the establishment of a real rose-garden in the Bronx Park system of New York City. The New York Horti- cultural Society and affili- ated organizations have carried out creditably a rose-planting that prom- ises to rejoice the hearts of countless thousands of people. Let us all hope that It may prove easily accessible to those who most need the inspiration and pleasure which such a garden is so well calcu- lated to furnish. And now forthe Brooklyn Rose-Garden, the plans are well under Ways. and excellent Pes Vaewmen the Bagatelle Municipal ress Is being made. Rose-Garden, Paris 98 HOW TO GROW ROSES Roses, roses everywhere A Famous Rose-Garden The most beautiful rose-garden I have yet found in either America or Europe was near Paris. Accompanied by Mrs. Pyle, I arrived at the Roseraie de L’Hay early one day, and we lingered there till sunset, enchanted. A permanent rose-garden with thousands of varieties, it includes roses said to have originated in the sixth century B.C. Roses from every continent are arranged and trained in all imaginable styles, from borders of Baby Ramblers to giant ‘Tree roses, 15 feet high--and 10 feet spread. Tunnels completely covered with climbing roses form outlooks through the gar- den, with here a bit of statuary, there a fountain flashing in the sunshine, _. with roses, roses every- Note this giant Tree rose S where, from the _ broad- ROSERAIE DE L’HAY 99 And here we [lingered till sunset petaled, deep red Lion climber to the splendid M. Graver- eaux, named in honor of the owner of this magnificent garden. We strolled down the long, box-bordered pathways, with familiar faces among the roses looking up at us from beds at our feet, and climbers looking straight at us, and_ half-beckoning from either -side, as we passed, until, spellbound, we stood and gazed down the long vista of color- covered beds, back-bordered with still other climbers in bloom. And this is only one picture out of hundreds of such! What a love for the rose must have helped to fashion the quiet arbors and festooned balustrades, the archway entrances, artistic screens, and dis- appearing pathways, so well planned that every turn brought a fresh sur- plise, cach ane more entrancing than the other! ee 100 HOW TO GROW ROSES’ Finally, so well hidden by an encircling temple of trees that we nearly missed it, was an open-air theater with turf seats, and along the front of the stage, for footlights, was a brilliant row of blooming roses. There, amid this paradise, in charming French fashion, our host entertained his guests with a musical recital. From this garden came the inspira- tion for starting the Municipal Rose-Garden of Paris in the Bagatelle. Now that Mons. Jules Gravereaux Is gone, we realize what a happy memorial it is that his native city should maintain for all time, we hope, this great rose-garden, which he started for the pleasure of his fellow citizens. [From notes and photographs taken by Robert Pyle, president of The Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., on the occasion when he represented the American Rose Society and acted as a judge at the In- ternational Contest of Garden Roses at Bagatelle, Paris, June, 1911.] The Red Rose Church at Manheim We know of no more unique ceremony in America than Manheim’s “Feast of Roses.”” In 1750, Baron Hemrich Wil- helm Stiegel, coming from Germany, settled in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and founded the little town of Man- her. He prospered in business and later deeded to the Lutheran congregation (which he organized in 1769) a plot of ground for the erection of a house of worship with the following stipulation: “yielding and paying therefor at the said town of Manbeim, in the month of June, vearly forever after, the rent of ONE RED ROSE, if the same shall be law- fully demanded.” And now each year, with appropriate exercises, the con- gregation of the Manhemm Lutheran Church pays to the heirs of Baron Stiegel the unique ground-rent of “one red rose,” and each year recalls the memory of a man who, though ““dying in poverty, had yet left the noblest of all memorials, the ove, reverence, and gratitude of a community whose industry he had stimulated, whose ideals he had fostered, for whose spiritual welfare he had made permanent provision.”” (Pub- lished with the permission of the pastor, Rev. A. E. Cooper.) ROSE “TRINKETS IOI Rose-Beads For the following formula the author is indebted to a good friend of his from New York State, whose experience in making rose-beads is far more extensive than his own. “Gather the petals of roses—even newly fallen ones will do—till you have, say, half a peck. Grmd these through a meat-chopper till they become pulp. In order to have the beads jet-black when finished, place this pulp in an iron pan, or, lacking that, mix m a teaspoonful of ground copperas (ferri sulphas), and stir thoroughly; the mixture will soon become brown. Set it now in the sun or a warm oven till it gets black. After this, put all through the meat-chopper again till it becomes like putty, and then form the beads. They can be made any shape you Iitke,—round, square, hexagonal, etc.,— but form them twice the size you wish to have them when finished. Rollmg them into little balls with the hand will make smooth beads. If you wish them figured, the butt- end of a steel writing-pen Is a convenient tool, to be used, of course, when the beads are still soft. When properly formed, transfix them to a board with a pin, then keep them hot and dry, and in two or three days they will become small and hard, and may be strung through the hole left when the pin is removed.” A European authority gives us a slightly different formula, and recommends using a mortar instead of the more prosaic and modern meat-chopper. “Freshly gathered rose-petals are beaten into a pulp and then dried, but before becoming completely dry, rose-water is added and they are again beaten and dried, the operation being repeated till the pulp has become very smooth. Then the desired shape is given and they are perforated in order to thread them, and so a kind of bead ts formed, which is dried. When they have become very hard, they are smoothed and polished, after which they are rubbed with oil-of-roses in order to give them more perfume and gloss. Ifa brass mortar be used, the pulp takes a deep black color, through the action on the metal of the gallic acid contained in the roses. On 102 HOW TO GROW ROSES the other hand, if a marble mortar be used, blue and red and other colored beads can be manufactured according to the coloring materials employed. The black beads are most highly prized. They have been manufactured principally at Adrianople, Smyrna, and Constantinople.” Attar of Roses The reader will notice on another page a short account of a visit made to that most beautiful rose-garden south of Paris, the Roseraie de L’Hay. Many chapters might be written of this little paradise about which clusters so much of inter- est to a rose-lover. But there is in that wonderful garden a quaint thatched “‘summer-house,”’ as we in America might call it,. rose-eembowered. On the occasion of the author’s visit, there was at work in the little cottage a white-aproned chemist with large-sized retort, test-tubes, spirit-lamps, and other appliances. The rose-petals which had been gathered in the garden were being reduced to essence or attar of roses. M. Gravereaux has improved the method of extracting the oils, and, furthermore, has proved by extenstve experiments that certain perpetual-flowering roses, like Mme. Caroline Testout, and others, are capable of producing a much larger amount of the essence than the Damask and Centifolia roses heretofore largely used. The method employed by M. Gravereaux is superior to that of the Bulgarians, Persians, and Algerians, whose ~ apparatus is most primitive, as the followmg will indicate: The rose-petals must be distilled as they are picked, other- wise much of their odor will be lost.’ They are brought right to the stills, which are made of copper, and there mixed with only water, the quality of which is said considerably to m- fluence the essence distilled. After having twice boiled down the mixture to one-eighth or one-tenth its origmal volume, it is allowed to cool, and is set In open bowls at a constant temperature. Gradually the essence rises and swims on the surface in yellowish patches, which are skimmed off with a mother-of-pearl spoon. This operation, usually falling upon BRIDESMAID is most appropriately named, suggestive of what is best among the prettiest pink Tea Roses 104 HOW TO GROW ROSES the eldest member of the family, is carried out with a solemnity befitting its Importance. What this must mean to the peasants is better understood when we realize how feather-light rose-petals are, and that 150 pounds (2,400 ounces) of them ordinarily yield less than one ounce of the ~ essence of the rose. It is not to be marveled at, therefore, that it is expensive, not alone for the above reason, but also because of its impor- tance in the fabrication of the finest perfumes. It has, fur- thermore, the valuable quality of increasing and fixing other perfumes, just as the rose itself has the quality of develop- ing in those who work with it qualities of fme moral character. Hybridizing This book attempts in no way to cover the subject of hybridizing, save to refer to some sources of information re- garding a work that calls for Jong-sustained attention, and almost limitless patience, with no assurance as to results. Amateurs, as well as professional rose-growers, have made valuable contributions to our lists of roses, and certainly the future must offer more adequate recompense to the success- ful breeder of roses than has been the case in the past. Rev. Joseph H. Pemberton*, for the beginner, gives directions that appear to be easily followed by one who has the time and facilities to undertake the work. Every hybridizer will be interested also mm the articles by Dr. White and Dr. Van Fleet m “The American Rose Annual” for 1916; also in the “Stammbuch der Edelrosen,” by Dr. G. Kruger. The edition of this work, published mn 1906, at Trier, Germany, contains a most complete listing of the hybridized roses in commerce, including parentage, hybri- dizer, and date of issue. For example, under Mme. Carolme Testout, are given fifty-eight immediate descendants, show- ing also the name of the other parent in all except nme cases. It would seem to be an mvaluable work for anyone who wishes to undertake hybridizmg. *““Roses,’’ page 229 (see Bibliography). FOR WINTER EVENINGS ___ 105 Bibliography Beginning with “The Rose Manual,” by Robert Buist, in 1884, there have been issued in America at least eighteen different works, the most noteworthy of which we list below: Tue Rose. By H. B. Ellwanger. 1882. 293 pp. Dodd, Mead & Co., New York. This was long the standard rose book. A Book asouTt Rosess. By S. Reynolds Hole. 1883. 326 pp. Wm. S. Gottsberger, New York. An American reprint of a standard English work. Highly entertatning work on roses, and most inspiring. Roses anD How To Grow THEM. Collected magazine articles. 1910. 199 pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. ComMERcIAL RosE-CutrurE. By Eber Holmes. 1911. 165 pp. A. T. de Ia Mare Printing and Publishing Company, New York. EvERBLOOMING ROsES FOR THE OuTpOOR GARDEN. By Georgia T. Drennan. 1912. 262 pp. Duffield & Co., New York. Tue PracricaL Book oF Outrpoor RosE-Growinc. By George C. Thomas, Jr. 1914. 156 pp. and 96 plates in color, etc. J. B. Lippin- cott Company. Tue AMERICAN RosE ANNUAL. 1916, 1917, 1918, 1919, 1920. Published by the J. Horace McFarland Company, Harrisburg, Pa., for The American Rose Society. Contributions upon roses, rose-growing and rose-gardens. Recounts the year’s activities. Free to members only. The following are all edited from the English standpoint: Roses: THrir History, DEVELOPMENT, AND CULTIVATION. By Rev. Joseph H. Pemberton, Vice-President of the National Rose Society. 1908. 336 pp. Longmans, Green & Co., London and New York. RosEs AND RoseE-Growinc. By Rose G. Kingsley. 1908. 163 pp., 28 full-page color-plates. The Macmillan Company, New York and London. With special attention to the best roses in each of the various classes, regarded from the English viewpoint. Roses FoR ENGLISH GARDENS. By Gertrude Jekyll and Edward Mawley. 1902. 164 pp. George Newnes, Ltd., London. Although relating to English gardens, it is, nevertheless, most entertaining, and by its thoroughness helps to clear up many questions left unan- swered by other authorities. Rose-Growinc Mape Easy. By E. T. Cook. 200 pp. Another English publication, suggestive and helpful, and written apparently by one with long years of first-hand experience. Tue Rose Book. A complete guide for amateur rose-growers by H. H. Thomas. 1913. 283 pp. Profusely illustrated. Treats well the various uses to which roses may be put. THE Book OFTHE Rose. By Rev. A. Foster-Melliar, M.A. 352 pages, 33 illustrations. Macmillan & Co. 1902. A comprehensive and inspiring authority covering well the entire subject, for the use of the amateur. For a list of rose-books in all languages the “Cyclopedia of American Horticulture” refers us to the “Bibliografia de Ia Rosa,” Vergara, Madrid, 1892. 100 = HOW TO GROW ROSES Synonymous Roses Some roses have acquired new names that seem to be an improvement; for example, Dutch Beauty im place of Veluwezoom. Another case is Mme. Norbert Levavasseur; when once planted and thoroughly domesticated, she answers to the name of Red Baby Rambler. But, if you wish to order Red Baby Rambler, remember there are nearly half a dozen roses so called; so, if you want to be certain, refer to the following list for guidance. Renaming a rose with intent to deceive has come to be regarded by rosarians as acrime. When a second name Is adopted for the sake of euphony, the original name should be carried in parentheses. Anna de Diesbach . Baby Dorothy, Pink Baby Rambler, Pink Baby Rambler, Red . Baby Rambler, White Baby Rambler, Yellow Baby Tausendschén Baby Tausendschén Ball of Snow . ; Dorothy Dennison. lela ee . Glotre de Paris aman Levavasseur . Maman Levavasseur *Mme. Norbert Levavasseur . Katharina Zeimet . Etoile de Maz . Louise Walter . Echo . Perle des Blanches . Lady Godiva Dorothy Perkins . . . Lady Gay Dorothy Perkins, Red . Excelsa Dutch Beauty . Sp . Veluwezoom Green Rose . . . Viridiflora Killarney, Striped . Spectacular Killarney, Orange La France, Red . . La France, Striped . La France, White La Reine des Neige Magnolia Rose Maman Cochet, Yellow Maman Wevavasseur Nitenon taf ioe ee Mrs. W. H. Cutbush Ze tt MO Se clen Saclacl gle ah tzincechn a Mee Gone . Duchess of Wellington . Duchess of Albany . Mme. Angel Vayssett . Mile. Aug. Guinoisseau . Frau Karl Druschki . . Devoniensis . Mme. Derepas-Matrat . Baby Dorothy . Mile. Cecile Brunner Mrs. Taft Mrs. W. J. Grant ali . Belle Siebrecht Prima Donna : elke . Mme. P. Euler Prince Camille de Rohan 1) Bs . La Roseire Queen, Thé : : : . Souv. de S. A. Prince Rambler, Golden : . Alister Stella Gray Rambler, Pink . Mult . Euphrosine Rambler, White . . Mult . Thalia Rambler, Yellow . . Mult . Aglaia Sweetheart 2 pais . Mile. Cecile Brunner Thousand Beauties . . Mult . Tausendschén Virginia R. Coxe . . : Ha cll ® . Gruss an Teplitz White American Pept, sale . Frau Karl Druschki Wm. oe Smith . : eel Be . Charles Dingee Wm. R. Smith . wel . Jeannette Heller N.B.—See also common names to rose species, foot of page 107. THE FAMILY ROSA 107 Analysis of Species It is doubtful if anyone will have come thus far in this little book, who is not, with the author, a real seeker after truth. Just as the story of man becomes doubly interesting as we trace back his development from the earlier types of man, so with the rose. A present-day Radiance or Rayon d’Or is a vastly more fascinating object of attention when one can go to another corner of the garden and point out to visitors the true progenitor of that race. Hybridizing deserves a complete chapter of its own. Right here let us study what has been done by the guidmg hand of man. Family charts are a useful aid in pointing out relationships. A diagram may be more illuminating than many pages of description. There- fore, as an Introduction to the various best-known classes, pause a moment to survey* this analysis of species on the two following pages. This the author conceives to be a most helpful outline of the many, many families that make up this interesting race of flowers. : In this book there has not been room to describe the rose species. We would, however, call special attention to cer- tain “types” which we have starred in the following list. Their place is not in a bed with the Teas or Hybrid Teas. Consider for example, Hugonis—that recent acquisition from China. In three seasons it will be 4 to 5 feet high and in bloom two weeks earlier than the early-blooming Harison’s Yellow. And so with others: they are unique, hardy, vigorous. They need only to be fittingly placed to give to the garden a charm and distinction quite above the ordinary. *The following two pages are published here with permission. and by courtesy of Longmans, Green & Co., New York., from their book, “‘Roses: Their History, Development, and Cultivation,” by Rev. J. H. Pemberton (see page 105). : The reader will note how far removed from the original species are both the Tea and Hybrid Tea families, whereas, from many species there has been almost no development at all. Equivalents of our common names to some of those on next pages: Champney .. . . Noisettiana Mass.) asco) ee) ~ = Muscosa Cherokee .... . Levigata Whiston se oe Voschata Oro" laterite oomina Prairies). . 4) « « . petigera Eglantine . . . . . Rubiginosa Scotch . . . . . . Spinosissima Memorial. . . . . Wichuraiana Sweetbriar .. . . Rubiginosa StprIuog | JIC] ysniq S,ueprey| SSOJ\J SUOSBIC Ino enyodia ergs HD { afieqar JoysBouey pue y1oX qoury poqusos-v9 [| Se Sd119SION suoginog Hybrid Tea HO) UO 0 10.0 Cea suLyI9g Ay1010q Aynesag Avsio¢ onjodi9g 39 IUOIIY suva]IO,p suIpjodoas T TeIIYIAD VI 2d Jo|quivy UOsurLIZ BIvlsVy dJajquiey sapunqd SCIadAH NY ct a en ae ae celts * BSOOSN]A] JIUBAOI IO GI[OFIZUI" BVUIISBULEC bYCIOPO BOIPUT eee ee ew oo 8 lpressiq eq[e Be eYyosoy| evilOpyIpuesy 1uoUunIg arrysi hy SHIOAdSANS SHIOUdS AO SISAXIVNV x CISYUCA 4 IED) sud1O jasduias voIpuy eso] 1S vuBIvINYOIM sudITAIsdWaG B19B119G (xoyduuis) BIOYH [NA vYEYOSOT\] SISUSAIY SATOddS ; wBIsyuegd ee | Mee) s#oIpuy wBsojAIs w]AqsuhS NOISIAIG BOTUIS Sriemalcs) 6).8) 6! erie) ©, MOTI XA UBISIIg TTUOSTIG FT quenig sad10sy ‘aw | GUBITIOWUIY Siemarie nenelie? elielre Goo oO OO Go DOS Bc oO O00 OLNO OFC CO Onc. Ded eyelets) elcome e 8.18 SCTYaAH ©) el feel \wl 8 nel eye 40 y MOTO A UPIAsNYy ,taddo7) uvii4sny ViLOmsT Lens bebte Manience Wi jebis! sels) (6) enisivelne OG 0.0 9) Oey Oe OO GOTULIGTLT POY epiony Getto alte BSOSNY Or te Dom OG Cu 0 0 OO oD Fou OD O90 0° Day OO O90 0 GO -0 OO ted By ULI | SHIOHdSdANsS sTUOSN]Y{ BI[OJIIIqI9g xe Aydosoryy 4g CYSIAB] } , (Souqsvov py) vyRoqVovig vrpoy MUTA) BITIIS Royn'T] voinydyns wo 4 CUIYIUB XS B{NjOAUT 4, PUISsIsOuIdG BVUITOIV™) BSOBNYY sle[NoIOy eAydorne yy euldyy eaULOWIPUUT) eSOTTIA BSOUIUIO J 4 BSOUISIQN YY : vUuIUv’) SHIOHdS penuluos *SqIoadS AO SISA TVNV Sees § es ee BI[OFOI[AuS wy[Aydorsry] VIVGIAR] #21 v970RIg aropaNUr yA] BIOTIIS voyn'y eejoyr]ourdunrg 10 #BUISSISOUIdG BUI[OIG) weoIuoulPeuUu ry SUIUB" ) NOISIAIG 110 HOW TO GROW ROSES Roses Arranged in Classes In order that the various classes may be studied better as to their characteristics, we hereunder group the more important varieties. French, German, and English authori- ties differ somewhat in placing a few kinds. Regarding the following lists, however, they are in substantial agreement. In case of differences we have relied upon the country of origin as our authority, e.g., Harison’s Yellow. Alba *Mme. Plantier Austrian Briar, or Lutea Austrian Copper *Harison’s Yellow Austrian Yellow : *Persian Yellow Hybrid Austrian Briar, or Pernetiana Beaute de Lyon Louise Catherine Muriel Dickson Constance Breslau *Rayon d’Or *Juliet *Mme. Edouard Herriot *Soleil d’Or Bengal Archduke Charles Lucullus Douglas Maddalena Scalarandis Bourbon Appoline *Championofthe World Santa Rosa *Beauty of Rosemawr *Mme. Eugene Marlitt *Souv. de la Malmaison Burbank China | Agrippina *Hermosa *Queens Scarlet *Birdie Blye (Heart Pink Daily Viridiflorat of France) Damask Mrs. O. G. Orpen *York and ‘Lancaster Hybrid Perpetual . Alfred Colomb Baron de Bonstetten Coquette des Alpes Alphonse Soupert Belle d’Orleans Coquette des Blanches *American Beauty Candeur Lyonnaise Eugene Furst *Anna de Diesbacht Captain Christy Francois Levet Antoine Wintzer Captain Hayward *Frau Karl Druschkif Ards Rover Charles Wagner *General Jacqueminot Ball of Snow Cheshunt Hybrid George Arends Barbarossa *Clio Giant of Battles Baroness Rothschild Commander Jules *Gloire de Chedane Gravereaux Guinoisseau REFERENCE MARKS EXPLAINED The asterisk (*) indicates leading varieties described on pages 43 to 62. The dagger (}) indicates roses with two names and refers to list of syn- onymous roses, ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES 1 oa Hybrid Perpetual Roses, continued Gloire de Margottin *Gloire Lyonnaise Glory of Paris Heinrich Munch *Hugh Dickson +J° B: Clark John Hopper John Keynes Jubilee Lady Helen Stewart La Reine Admiral Schley Admiral Ward *Antoine Rivoire *Arthur R. Goodwin Augustus Hartmann Autumn Tints Avoca Bessie Brown *Betty Brilliant British Queen Camoéns Cardinal Carine *Chateau de Clos Vougeot Cherry Page Cherry Ripe Chrissie MacKellar Cissie Easiea Cleveland Colleen Col. R. S. Williamson Columbia Comtesse Icy Hardegg Countess Clanwilliam Countess of Derby Countess of Gosford Countess of Shaftes- bury Dean Tine Defiance Dorothy Page-Roberts Dr. J. Campbell Hall Dr. O’Donel Browne Duchess of Albanyt+ Duchess of Sutherland *Duchess of Wel- lingtont Duchess of Westminster Earl of Warwick Ecarlate Edgar M. Burnett Edith Part Mme. Charles Wood Mme. Masson Mile. Louise Crette *Magna Charta Marchtioness of Lorne Margaret Dickson Marshall P. Wilder *Mrs. John Laing Mrs. R. G. Sharman- Crawford Hybrid Tea Edward Mawley Elizabeth Barnes Ethel Malcolm *Etoile de France Eugene Boullet Farbenkénigin Florence E. Coulth- waite Florence Forrester *Florence Pemberton *Francis Scott Key F. R. Patzer Frau Lilla Rautenstrauch Gainsborough . Amedee Hammond *General MacArthur *General-Superior Arnold Janssen George C. Waud *George Dickson Gorgeous Grace Molyneux Grange Colombe Grossherzog Friedrich *Gruss an Teplitzt Gustav Grunerwald *Hadley Hector MacKenzie Helen Gould H. E. Richardson *Hoosier Beauty H. V. Machin Ideal Iona Herdman Irish Beauty Irish Elegance *Irish Fireflame James Coey Janet *Jonkheer J. L. Mock *Joseph Hill Josephine *Kaiserin Auguste Victoria Oakmont Pauia Clegg *Paul Neyron *Prince Camille de Rohant Rembrandt *Roger Lambelin Tom Wood *Ulrich Brunner Vick’s Caprice Victor Verdier _ Killarney *Killarney Brilliant *Killarney, White Killarney Queen King George V. Snigin Carola *Lady Alice Stanley *Lady Ashtown Lady Greenall *Lady Mary Ward Lady Moyra Beauclere *Lady Pirie Lady Ursula *La Francef alta loses *Laurent Carle Leslie Holland Liberty Lieutenant Chaure *Los Angeles Louise Lilia yon Rose . Abel Chatenay Mme. Bernier d’Arnex *Mme. Caroline Testout *Mme. Charles Lutaud Mme. Colette Martinet (Mme. Derepas- Matrat) *Mme. Edmond Rostand . Eugenie Boullet . Felix Faure . Jenny Gillemot . Jules Bouché . Jules Grolez . J. W. Budde . Leon Pain . Maurice de Luze . Melanie Soupert . P. Euler . Philltpe Rivoire Ravary . Schwaller *Mme. Segond Weber ROSA HUGONIS comes from Northern China and is perfectly hardy. Mr. E. H. Wilson, of the Arnold Arboretum, says of it: “‘It Is an upright-growing Shrub with slender and spreading branches on which the fragrant flewers are borne in yard-long sprays of soft yellow. As I write in mid-November, the foliage ts still on the Shrub and has assumed a dark purple tint.”” It blooms here two weeks ahead of any other rose— not a climber but a Iarge bush rose which may be trained as here shown. ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES 113 Hybrid Tea Roses, continued Mlle. Aug. Guinoisseau Mlle. Helena Cambier Mlle. Marie Mascuraud Mabel Drew Magnafrano Majestic . Mama Looymans Marcella Margaret Dickson Hamill Mark Twain Marquise de Querhoent *Marquise de Sinety *Mary, Countess of II- chester Max Hesdorffer May Miller Meteor Mevrouw Dora Van Tets Milady Miss Cynthia Forde *Mrs. Aaron Ward Mrs. A. E. Coxhead Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo Mrs. Amy Hammond Mrs. Andrew Carnegie Mrs. Archie Gray *Mrs. A. R. Waddell Mrs. Bertram J. Walker Mrs. Chas. E. Pearson Mrs. Chas. Hunter Mrs. Chas. Russell Mrs. Conway Jones Mrs. Cornwallis West Mrs. David Jardine Mrs. David McKee Mrs. Edward Powell Mrs. Forde . W. Vander- Mrs. George Gordon Mrs. George Norwood Mrs. George Shawyer Mrs. Harold Brockle- bank Mrs. Harvey Thomas Mrs. Hugh Dickson Mrs. J. H. Welch Mrs. MacKellar Mrs. Maynard Sinton Mrs. Moorefield Storey . R. D. McClure - . Richard Draper . Robert Garrett . Sam Ross ve Ellas . Theo. Roosevelt . Wakefield Chris- tie-Miller Mrs. Wemyss Quin *My Maryland Natalie Bottner Neervelt Nerissa Old-Gold Olivia *Ophelia Panama Peerless Pernet’s Triumph *Pharisder Pilgrim President Vignet Premier Prima Donnat Prince Engelbert Charles d’Arenberg Prince de Bulgarie Princess Bonnie Queen Beatrice Queen Mary *Radiance Red Columbia Red-Letter Day *Red Radiance Reine Carola de Saxe Reine Marguerite. d’ Italie Rene Robbins Renee Wilmart Urban Rhea Reid Richmond . Seabird Souv. de E. Guillard *Souv. de Gustave Prat *Souv. du Pres. Carnot Souv. of Wootton Spectaculart *Sunburst Taft Rose Veluwezoomt Viscountess Enfield Viscountess Folkestone Virginia R. Coxet Walter Speed Waltham’s Scarlet W. E. Lippiatt Wellesley West Grove *White Killarney William Cooper *William Shean . *Willowmere Winnie Davis There are im this list other promising varieties not yet sufficiently tested to recommend. Blanche Moreau Blanche Roberts Caroline Marneis Comtesse de Murinais 7Ennchen Miiller *Baby Dorothyt+ *Baby Ramblerf Betsy Van Nes Clotilde Soupert Echo *Ellen Poulsen *Erna Teschendorff Moss *Crested Moss Crimson Globe Eugene de Savoi Glory of Mosses Polyantha Etoile de Mar F. J. Grootendorst *George Elger Goldfinch *Gruss an Aachen *Katharina Zeimet Leonie Lamesch *Louise Waltert *Henri Martin Mousseline Princess Adelaide Salet *Mme. Norbert Leva- vasseurt *Mlle. Cecile Brunner *Maman Levavasseurt} *Marie Pavie Mignont Micnonette Miniature 114 HOW TO GROW ROSES Polyantha Roses, continued Mosella, T.P. Mrs. W. H. Cutbusht Mme. Jules Gouchault Mrs. Taftt ~ Rugosa and Hybrids *Agnes Emily Carman Alice Aldrich Amelia Gravereaux Beaute Poitevine *Blanc Double de Coubert Chas. F. Worth *Conrad Ferdinand Meyer Ada Carmody *Alexander Hill Gray Alliance Franco-Russe Anna Oliver Aurora Beaute Inconstante Betty Berkeley Blumenschmidt Bon Silene Bride *Bridesmaid Canadian Belle Catherine Mermet Comtesse Riza duPare Comtesse Sophy Torby Coquette de Lyon Corallina Corinna Cornelia Cook David Pradel *Devoniensist Dr. Grill *Duchesse de Brabant Enchantress Etoile de Lyon Fr. von Marschall General R. E. Lee G. Nabonnand Golden Gate *Harry Kirk Helen Good Henry M. Stanley *Hugo Roller Isabella Sprunt Ivory *Orleans Perle d’Or Sweetheartf *Tip-Top Hansa Mme. Chas. Frederick Worth Max Graf *New Century Nova Zembla Regina Badet Repens alba Roseraie de Hay Tea J. B. Varonne Kénigin Wilhelmina *Lady Hillmgdon Lady Plymouth Lady Roberts Lena Letty Coles Mme. Antoine Mari .*Mme. Camille Mme. Caroline Kuster Mme. C. P. Strassheim Mme.Derepas-Matrat} Mme. de Vatrey Mme. de Watteville Mme. Elie Lambert Mme. F. Kruger Mme. Hoste Mme. Jean Dupuy Mme. Jos. Schwartz Mme. Lambard Mme. Margottin Mme. Olga Mme. Rene Gerard Mme. Vermorel Mme. Welche Mile. J. Phillips *Madison *Maman Cochett *Maman Cochet, White Marie Guillot Marie Lambert *Marie Van Houtte Marion Dingee Medea Bengal, Climber Empress of China ‘Triomphe Orleanais White Soupert Yellow Soupert Yvonne Rabier Roseraie Parfum de 3 ay Rosa Tetankaba *Rugosa alba Rugosa magnifica *Rugosa rubra *Sir Thomas Lipton (White Century) Souv. de Pierre Leperdrieux *Miss Alice de Rothschild Molly S. Crawford *Mrs. B. R. Cant Mrs. Campbell Hall Mrs. Foley-Hobbs Mrs. Herbert Hawks- worth Mrs. Herbert Stevens Mrs. Hubert Taylor Mrs. Myles Kennedy Mrs. S. T. Wright Muriel Grahame Nita Weldon Papa Gontier *Perle des Jardins Perle des Jaunes Princess Hohenzollern Princess de Sagan Queen Olga of Greece Queen, Theft Rainbow Rose d’Evian *Safrano Sombreuil Souv. de Catherine Guulot *Souv. de Pierre Notting Sulphurea Sunrise Sunset White Maman Cochet *Wm. R. Smitht Winter Gem ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES 115 *Gruss an Teplitz, Cl. *Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, Climbing Killarney, White, Cl. Killarney, Climbing Gumberlande Belle Aglaia Saree Pillar *Aunt Harriet Flower of Fairfield Geisha *Alister Stella Grayt Bridesmaid, Climbing Chromatellat Cloth of Goldt Mile. Cecile Brunner, Climbing Species Hugonis Moyesii Xanthina Devoniensis, Climbing Gloire de Dijon Isabella Gray James Sprunt Climbing Hybrid Tea *Carmine Pillar (Paul’s) *Lady Ashtown, CI. La France, Pink, CI. Climbing *Mme. Caroline Testout, Climbing Mme. Wagram Climbing Moss *Le Poilu Multiflora Miss Messman Mosella, Climbing *Philadelphia Rambler Psyche Rambler, Crimson Noisette Lamarque *Mme. Alfred Carriere *Marechal Niel Climbing Polyantha Clotilde Soupert, Climbing Meteor, Climbing *Mrs. Robert Peary My Maryland, Cl. Reine Marie Henriette, Climbing Souv. of Wootton, Cl. Wichmoss Ramblerst *Tausendschént Thalia ‘Trier Wartburg Reve d’Or Solfatare *Wm. Allen Richardson Frau Berta Guertler, Climbing Sweetbriar Amy Robsart Anne of Gelerstein Climbing Tea *Mme. Driout Mme.Jules Gravereaux *Maman Cochet, Pink, Climbing Lady Penzance *Sweetbriar, Common Maman Cochet, White, Climbing Perle des Jardins, Cl. Pillar of Gold. Wichuraiana and Hybrids Alba rubrifolita *Alberic Barbier *American Beauty, Cl. *Aviateur Blertot *Bess Lovett Casimir Moulle *Christine Wright *Coronation Daybreak Debutante Dorothy Dennisonf “Dorothy Perkinst *Dorothy Perkins, White *Dorothy Perkins, e *Dr. W. Van Fleet *Emily Gray Evangeline Evergreen Gem *Excelsa Farquhar *Gardenia *Hiawatha Jersey Beauty Juanita Lady Duncan Lady Gayt Longwood Manda’s Triumph *Mary Lovettt *May Queen Minnehaha Mrs. M. H. Walsh *Paul’s Scarlet Climber Pearl Queen Prof. C. S. Sargent Robert Craig *Ruby Queen *Shower of Gold *Silver Moon Sodenia South Orange Perfec- tion Sweetheart Universal Favorite W. C. Egan Wichmoss *Wichur: alana Wichuratana variegata 116 HOW TO GROW ROSES Abundance, 8o. Acicularis, 100. Ada Carmody, 114. Admiral Aaron Ward, 81. Admiral Ward Rose, 70, 111. Admiral Schley, 111. Ennchen Muller, 113. Aglaia, 108, 115. Agnes Emily Carman, 43. Agrippina, 110. Iba, 108. Alba rubrifolia, 115. Alberic Barbier, 43. Alexander Hill Gray, 43. Alfred Colomb, 79, 110. Alice Aldrich, 114. Alister Stella Gray (Golden Rambler), 43. Alliance Franco-Russe, 114. Alphonse Soupert, 110. Alpina, 109. Altaica, 109. eed, Consideration of, 6. Amateur Teyssier, 81. Americana, 109. Amelia Gravereaux, 114. American Beauty (Mme. Ferd. Jamin), 44. American Beauty, Climb- ing, 44. American Pillar, 44. American Rose Society, 92. Amy Robsart, 115. Analysis of Species, 107— 109. Anna de Diesbach, 44. Anna Oliver, 114.. Anne of Geierstein, 115. Antoine Rivoire, 44, 80. Antoine Wintzer, 110. Aphides or green-fly, How and when to des- troy, 6, 30. Appoline, 110. Archduke Charles, 110. Ards Rover, 110. Arsenate of lead, How to use, 6. Arthur R. Goodwin, 44. Arvensis, 108. Ashes, Use of Coal, 6. Attar of Roses, 102. Avenue effect with roses, 13. Augustine Guinoisseau, 81. Augustus’ Hartmann, 111. Aunt Harriet, 44. Aurora, 114. Austrian Copper, 109, 110. Austrian Yellow, 109, 110. Autumn Tints, I11. Aviateur Bleriot, 44. Avoca, 77. Ayrshire, 108. Baby Dorothy (Maman Levavasseur), 44, 106. Index Baby Rambler, Red (Mme. Norbert Levavasseur), 44, 106. Baby Ramblers, 44, 106. Baby Tausendschén (Louise Walter), 106. Bailey, Prof. Liberty H.,"38. Ball of Snow, 106, 110. Bankste, 108. Banksia, 108. Barbarossa, 110. Baronne Provost, 88. Baron de Bonstetten, 110. Baroness Rothschild, 709, 110. Beaute Inconstante, 114. Beaute Poitevine, 114. Beauty of Rosemawr, 44. Beds, Rose,shape and size, 11 Belle d’Orleans, 110. Berberifolia, 109. Bessie Brown, 111. Bess Lovett, 44. Betsy Van Nes, 113. Betty, 44. Betty Berkeley, 114. Bibliography, 105. Birdie Blye, 44. Black-Leaf 40, 7, 30. Black-spot, 30. Blanc Double de Cou- bert, 44. Blanche Moreau, 44. Blanche Roberts, 113. Blumenschmidt, 114. Bone-dust, When to use, 7A Bon Silene, 114. Books about roses, 105. Bordeaux Mixture, 7, 30. Bourbons, 108. Boutonniere, 42. Bracteata, 100. Bracteatz, 109. Bride, 114. Bridesmaid, 44. Bridesmaid, Climbing, 115. Brilliant, 111. British Queen, 111. Bruant, M. Georges, 86. Brunoni, 108. Budded roses, 36. Budding roses, 36. Bud-rot, 30. Burbank, 110. Burying,\for winter, 27. Cabbage, 108. : Galen ar of operations, » 7+ Camoéns, ITT. Canadian Belle, 114. Candeur Lyonnaise, 110. Canina, 109. . Canina roses for grafting, 36. Canine, 109. Captain Christy, 110. Captain Hayward, 110. Cardimal, 111. Carine, 111. Carman, Robert C. S., 86. Carmine Pillar, 44. Carolina, 109. Caroling, 1009. Caroline Marneis, 113. Catherine Mermet, 114. Casimir Moulle, 115. Cecile Brunner. See Mile. Cecile Brunner, 53. Centifolia, 108. Champion of the World, 46. Chapman, Mr., ornitholo- gist, 10. - Charles Dingee, 106. Charles F. Worth, 114. Charles Wagner, 110. Chatem de Clos Vougeot, 46, 80. Cherry Page, 111. Cherry Ripe, 111. Cheshunt Hybrid, t11. Chinas, 108. Chrissie MacKellar, 111. Christine Wright, 46, 83. Cinnamomea, 109. Cissie Easlea, 111. Classes, 39, 110-115. Cleveland, 111. Clio, 46. Clotilde Soupert, 113. Clotilde Soupert, Cl., 115. Colleen, 111. Color plates, 1, 12, 21, 32, 40, 45, 51, 58, 63, 70, 78, 87, 94, 103, 112, 117. Col. R. S. Williamson, 111. Columbia, 4, 46, 77, 79, 80. Commander Jules Graver- eaux, III. Comtesse de Murinats, 113. Comtesse Icy Hardegg, 111. Comtesse Riza du Parc, 114. Comtesse Sophy Torby, 114. Conrad F. Meyer, 46, 100. - Conserving moisture, 25. Constance, 81. Contents, table of, 2. Cooper, Rev. A. E., 100. Coquette des Alpes, 111. Coquette des Blanches, 111. Coquette de Lyon, 114. Corallina, 114. Corinna, 114. Cornelia Cook, 114. Coronation, 46. Countess Clanwilliam, 111. Countess of Derby, 111. Countess of Gosford, 66. Countess of Oxford, 88. Countess of Shaftesbury, 111. Crested Moss, 46. Crimson Globe, 113. Crimson Rambler, 108, rites PINK BABY RAMBLER, or BABY DOROTHY, sentative of the Baby Rambler family, now available in an almost endless variety of colors, including white and all shades of pink and red. This is the dwarf-g growing Polyantha Rose so popular now for edging is a good repre- and also for bedding. It is recommended for use in place of geraniums, because it ts so hardy that it does not need to be replanted yearly. 118 HOW TO GROW ROSES Cumberland Belle, 115. Currey, J. A., 77. Daily Mail (Mme. Edouard Herriot), 53. Damascena, 108. David Pradel, 114. Daybreak, 115. Dean Hole, 10, 89, 111. Debutante, 115. Defiance, 111. De la Grifferaie, 108. Devoniensis, 46. Dr. Grill, 114. Distance apart, IT. Dr. J. Campbell Hall, 111. Dr. O’Donel Browne, 111. Dr. W. Van Fleet, 47. Dr. W. Van Fleet, White, 115. Dorothy Dennison, i06, 115. Dorothy Page - Roberts, Ill. Dorothy Perkins, 47, 106, 108. : Dorothy Perkins, Red, 106. Dorothy Perkins, White, A7- Douglas, 110. Drainage, 10-14. Duchesse de Brabant, 47. Duchess of Albany, 111. Duchess of Sutherland, TI. Duchess of Wellington, 4, 47, 80. : Duchess of Westminster, 89, I11. Dundee Rambler, 108. Dutch Beauty, 106. Earl of Warwick, 809,.111. Ece, 109. Ecarlate, 80, 111. Echo, 113. Edgar M. Burnett, i11. Edith Part, 111. Edward Mawley, 111. Fgan, W. C., 26, 85. Ellen Poulsen, 47. Ellen Willmott, 82. Eliot, Charles W., or. Elisa Robichon, 83. Elizabeth Barnes, 111. Emily Gray, $7. Empress of China, 14. Enchantress, 114. Erna Teschendorff, 47. Ethel Malcolm, rrr. Etoile de France, 47. Etoile de Lyon, 114. Etoile de Mat, 113. Eugene Boullet, Ill. Eugene de Savoi, 113. Eugene Furst, 111. Euphrosine, 106. Evangeline, 115. Evergreen Gem, 115. Excelsa, 47. Expert opinions, 77-91. Farbenkénigin, 89. Farquhar, 115. F. E. Coulthwaite, 111. EJ. Grootendorst, 86, 113. Felicite et Perpetue, 108. Fertilizers of all kinds, 16. Florence Forrester, 111. Florence Pemberton, 48, 89. Flower of Fairfield, 115. Formal garden, illus., 13. Four seasons, 108. Fragrant roses, 93. Francois Levet, 111. Francis Scott Key, 48. Frau Berta Guertler, 115. Frau Karl Druschkti, 4, 4 Frau Lilla Rautenstrauch, Taree F. R. Patzer, 111. Fr. von Marschall, 114. Fungoid troubles, 7. Gainsborough, 111. Gallica, 108. Gallice, 108. G. Amedee Hammond, 111. Garden Favorite, 86. Gardenia, 48. Geisha, 115. General Jacqueminot, 48. General MacArthur, 48, 89. General R. E. Lee, 114. General - Superior Arnold Janssen, 48. George Arends, 48, 83. George C. Waud, 82. George Dickson, 48, 79. George Elger, 48. Giant of Battles, 111. Giant Tree Rose, illustra- tion of, 98. loire de Chedane Guinoisseau, 48. Gloire de Dijon, 26 ,77. Gloire de Margottin, 111. Gloire Lyonnaise, 49. Glory of Mosses, 113. Gloire de Paris, 106. Gloire des Polyanthas, 80. Glory of Paris, 111. G. Nabonnand, 114. Goldfinch, 113. Golden Gate, 114. Golden Rambler (see Alis- ter Stella Gray). Golden rules, 29. Gorgeous, III. Grace Molyneux, 111. Grafted roses, 36. Grandiflora, 108. Grange Colombe, 77, 79. Gravereaux, M. Jules, 24. Green-fly, Aphis or, How to destroy, 6, 30. Green Rose, 106. Grossherzog Friedrich, 89. Gruss an Aachen, 40. Gruss an Teplitz, 40. Gruss an Teplitz, Cl., 49. Gustav Grunerwald, 80, Ill. Hadley, 4o. Hansa, 114. Harisonii, 1009. Harison’s Yellow, 49. Harry Kirk, 49. Hector MacKenzie, 111. Hedges, rose, 74. Heeling-in roses, 19. Heinrich Munch, 111. Heinrich Schultheis, 79- Helen Good, 113. Helen Gould, III. Ble Eh, Richardson, III. Henri Martin, 49. Henry M. Stanley, 114. Hermosa, 49. Hiawatha, 40. Hibernica, 109. Hoosier Beauty, 40. Huey, Dr. Robert, 82. Hugh Dickson, 49. Hugonis, 50. Hugo Roller, 50. H. V. Machin, 111. Hybridizing, A few words about, 104. Ideal, 111. Ideals, 5. Indica, 108. Indice, 108. Indica odorata, 108. Indica sanguinea, 108. Insect enemies, 30. Involuta, 109. Iona Herdman, Tote Irish Beauty, 111. Irish Elegance, 111. Irish Fireflame, 50. Isabella Sprunt, 114. Ivory, 114. J.B. Varonne, 114. James Coey, III. Janet, III. J. B. Clark, 50, 79. Jeannette Heller, 106. Jersey Beauty, 109, 115. J. H. McFarland, 92, 93 Jessie, 80. John Hopper, 111. John Keynes, 111. Jonkheer J. L. Mock, 50, 79, 89. Joseph Hill, 50, 81. Josephine, 111. Juniata, 115. Jubileesar rie) 0 Jules Margottin, 70. Juliet, 50. Kaisermin Auguste Victoria, 50. Kaiserin Auguste Victoria, Climbing, 115. Katharina Zeimet, 50. INDEX 119 Killarneys, 50, 80, 106. Killarney Brilliant, 50. Killarney Queen, 111. Killarney, Striped, 106. Killarney, Climbing, 115. Killarney, White, 50. Killarney, White, Cl., 115. King George V., III. K@6nigin Carola, 111. K6nigin Wilhelmina, 114. Labeling, 22, 23. . ? Labels, copper, 22; zinc; celluloid, stake, garden- club, Mann, Simplex, 23. Lady Alice Stanley, 50, 80. Lady Ashtown, 50, 79, 89. Lady Ashtown, CI., 50. Lady Duncan, 114. Lady Gay, 114. Lady Godiva, 106. Lady Greenalli, 111. Lady Helen Stewart, 111. Lady Hillingdon, 50, 83. Lady Mary Ward, 50. Lady Moyra Beauclerc, Dire Lady Penzance, 115. Lady Pirrie, 50, 80. Lady Plymouth, 114. Lady Roberts, 114. Lady Ursula, 79, 89, 111. Fiamme, 80. La France, 52, 79, 106. La France, Climbing, 115. La France, Red (Duchess of Albany), 106. La France, Striped, 106. La France, White (Augus- tine Guinoisseau), 106. Lamarque, 115. La Reine, 111. La’Reine des Neiges, 106. La Roseire, 106. La Tosca, 52, 80. Laurent Carle, 52, 79, 80. Levigata, 109. Levigatz, 100. Lena, 114. Leonie Lambert, 111. Leonie Lamesch, 113. Leopoldine d’Orleans, 108. Le Poilu, 52. Leslie Holland, 111. Letty Coles, 114. Liberty, 111. Lieutenant Chaure, 89, 111. Longwood, 114. Los Angeles, 52, 82. Louise C. Breslau, 52, 80. Louise Lilia, 111. Louis Van Houtte, 79. Louise Walter, 52. Lucida, 109. Lucullus, r1ro. Lutea, 109. Lutez, 100. Lyon Rose, 111. Macartney, 109. Mme. McFarland, J. 92, 93, 105. Macrantha, 109. Macrophylla, 109. Mme. Abel Chatenay, 111. Mme. Alfred Carriere, 52. Mme. Angel Vayssett, 106. Mme. Antome Mari, 114. Mme. Bernier d’Arnex, iit ik Mme. Camille, 52. Mme. Caroline II4. Mme.C. P. Strassheim, 114. Horace, Kuster, Mme. Caroline ‘Testout, Bp, tse me. Caroline ‘Testout, Climbing, 53, 80. Mme. has. Frederick Worth,114. Mme. Charles Lutaud, 53. Mme. Charles Wood, 111- Mme. Colette Martinet, miieg Mme. Derepas - Matrat, 106, 114. Mme. de Vatrey, 114. Mme. de Watteville, 114. Mme. Driout, 115. Mme. Ed. Rostand, 53, 80. Mme. _ Edouard Herriot (Daily Mail Rose), 53. Mme. Elie Lambert, 114. Mme. Eugenie Boullet, Wiete Mme. Eugene Marlitt, 53. Mme. Felix Faure, 111. Mme. F. Kruger, 114. Mme. Gabriel Luizet, 79. Mme. Georges Bruant, 109. Mme. Hector Leuillot, 82. Mme. Hoste, 114. Mme. Jean Dupuy, 114. Mme. Jenny Gillemot, SOs ators Mme. Jos. Schwartz, 114. Mme. Jules Bouché, 79, 80, 89, III. Mme. Jules Gouchault, 4. Mme. Jules Gravereaux, iiss Mme. Jules Grolez, 53. Mme. J. W. Budde, 111. Mme. Lambard, 114. Mme. Leon Pain, 53, 89. Mme. Margottin, 114. Mme. Masson, 111. Maurice de Luze, mie Mme. Melanie Soupert, 53, 82, 80. me. Norbert Levavas- seur (Red Baby Ram- bler), 113. Mme. Olga, 114. Mme. Philippe Rivoire, 113. Mme. P. Euler, 113. Mme. Plantier, 53. Mme. Ravary, 53, 89. Mme. Rene Gerard, 114. Mme. Segond Weber, 53, 82. Mme. Vermorel, 114. Mme. Wagram, 115. Mme. Welche, 114. - Mme. Zelia Bourgeois, 80. Mlle. Augustine Guinois- seau, 113. Mile. Cecile Brunner, 53. Mile. Cecile Brunner, Climb- ing, 115. Mlle. Helena Cambier, 113. Mile. J. Phillips, 114. Mile. Louise Crette, 111. Mile. Marie Mascuraud, 113s Mabel Drew, 113. Madison, 114. Maddalena Scalarandis, 110. Magna Charta, 56. Magnafrano, 113. Magnifica, 114. Magnolia Rose, 106. Mairden’s Blush, 108. Majestic, 89. Mama Looymans, 113. Maman Cochet, Pink, 56. Maman Cochet, Pink, Climbing, 56. Maman Cochet, White, 56. Maman _ Cochet, White, Climbing, 115. Maman Cochet, Yellow, 106. Maman Levavasseur (Baby Dorothy), 106, 113. Manda’s Triumph, 114. Manetti, 108. Manetti, for grafting, 36. Manure, liquid, When to apply, 16. Map of U.S. A., 18. Marcella, 113. Marchioness of Lorne, 111. Marechal Niel, 56. Margaret Dickson, 111. Margaret Dickson Hamill, Lies arie Finger, 79. Marie Guillot, 114. Marie Lambert, 114. Marie Leonidas, 108. Marie Pavie, 56. Marie Van Houtte, 56. Marion Dingee, 114. Mark Twain, 113. Marquise de Querhoent, mse Marquise de Sinety, 56. Marshall P. Wilder, 111. Mary, Countess of IIches- ter, 56. Mary Lovett, 56. Mawley, Edward, 29. Max Graf, 88, 114. Max Hesdorffer, 113. May Miller, 113. May Queen, 57. 120 HOW TO GROW ROSES Medea, 114. Meteor, 113. Meteor, Climbing, 115. Mice, How to guard against, 27. Microphylla, 100. Microphylle, 109. Mignon, 106, 113. Mignonette, 114. Milady, 113. Mildew, How to remedy, 30. Mills, Rev. E. M., 80-07. Miniature, 114. Minnehaha, 115. Minutifolia, too. Miss Alice de Rothschild, 57- Miss Cynthia Forde, 70, 113. Miss Kate Moulton, 79. Miss Messman, 115. Moisture, How to con- serve, 25. Moles, How against, 27. Molly Sharman-Crawford, II4. Moschata, 108. Moschata alba, 108. Mosella, 114. Mosella, Climbing, 115. Moss, 108. Mousseline, 113. Moyesii, 75. Multiflora stmplex, 108. Multifolie, 109. Mrs. Aaron Ward, 57, 80. Mrs. A. E. Coxhead, 113. Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo, 113. Mrs. Amy Hammond, 113. Mrs. Andrew Carnegie, 113. Mrs. Archie Gray, 113. Mrs. A. R. Waddell, 57, 80. Mrs. B. R. Cant, 57. Mrs. Bertram J. Walker, 113. Mrs. Campbell Hall, 114. rs. Chas. E. Pearson, 113. - Chas. Hunter, 113. . Charles Russell, 113. . Conway Jones, 113. . Cornwallis West, 113. . David Jardine, 113. . David McKee, 113. . Edward Powell, 113. . Forde, 113. . Foley-Hobbs, 114. . F. W. Vanderbilt, 80, ney Mrs. George Gordon, 113. Mrs. George Norwood, 113. Mrs. George Shawyer, 80, Tie 3 Mrs. Harold Brocklebank, to guard Tse Mrs. Harvey Thomas, 113. Mrs. H. Hawksworth, 114. Mrs. Herbert Stevens, 114. - Mrs. M. H ' Mrs. Hubert Taylor, 114. Mrs. Hugh Dickson, 113. Mrs. John Laing, 47. . J. H. Welch, 113. rs. MacKellar, 82, 113. Mrs. Maynard Sinton, 113. . H. Walsh, 115. Mrs. Moorefield Storey, 3: Mrs. Myles Kennedy, 114. . O. G. Orpen, 110. Mrs. Paul, 86. Mrs. R. D. McClure, 113. Mrs. Richard Draper, 113. R. harman - Crawford, 111. Mrs. Robert Garrett, 113. Mrs. Robert Peary, 57. Mrs. Sam Ross, 113. Mrs. S. T. Wright, 114. Mrs: Raft, 114. Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt, 113. Mrs. T. Hillas, 113. Mrs. W. Christie Miller, 57, 80. Mrs. W. H. Cutbush, 80, 106, 114. Mrs. Wemyss Quin, 113. Mrs. W. J. Grant, 106. Mulch, dust 6; grass, leaves, sawdust, peat- moss, 7, 25. Mulching, 25. Multiflora roses for graft- ing, 36. Municipal rose-gardens, 95. Muriel Dickson, 110. Muriel Grahame, 114. Muscosa, 108. My Maryland, 57. My Maryland, Cl., 115. Natalie Bottner, 113. Neervelt, 113. Nerissa, 113. New Century, 50. Nicotine, 6. Nita Weldon, 114. Noisettes, 108. Nova Zembla, 114. Oakmont, 111. Old-Gold, 113. Olivia, 113. Ophelia, 50, 77, 82, 89. Orleans, 50. Orpet, Mr., 26. One Cordel, 83. Own-root roses, 36. Page-Roberts, Rev. F., 14. Panama, 113. Pansies, 25. Papa Gontier, 114. Paradise, 80. Parker, G. A., 91, 95. Paula Clegg, 81. Paul Neyron, 50. Paul’s Carmine Pillar, 115. Paul’s Scarlet Climber, 50. Pearl Queen, 115. Peat moss, 25. Peerless, 113. Pemberton, Rev. J. H., 105. Perle d’Or, 114. Perle des Jardins, 59. Perle des Jardins, Cl., 115. Perle des Jaunes, 114 Pernet’s Triumph, 113. Persian Yellow, 59, 109. Pharisaer, 50. Philadelphia Rambler, 59. Pilgrim, 76. Pillar of Gold, 115. Pimpinellifoliz, 109. Pink Daily, 110. Pink Memorial, Dbi. (Uni- versal Favorite), 115. Pissardi, 108. Plant-food, 7. Plant roses, When to, 17. Plant roses, Depth to, 20. Planting roses, 20 Plotting, 24. Pomifera, 109. Portulaca, 25. Powdery mildew, 30. Premier, 76. President Vignet, 113. Prima Donna (Mme. P. Euler), 106, 113. Primula, 80. Prince Camille de Rohan, 59, 79, 106. Prince Engelbert Charles - d’Arenberg, 113. Prince de Bulgarie, 113. Prince of Wales, 88. Princess Adelaide, 113. Princess Bonnie, 113. Princess de Sagan, 114. Princess Hohenzollern, 114. Prof. €. S. Sargent, 115. Protection for wimter, 26-20. Protecting tree roses, 20. Provence, 108. Prune, When to, 6, 7. Pruning, information, 31-35. Pruning-shears, 35. Psyche, 115. Pyle, Robert, 100. Queen Beatrice, 113. Queen Mary, 113. Queen Olga of Greece, 114. Queens Scarlet, 50. Queen, The, 106, 114. Radiance, 60, 79, 80, 82, 89. Rainbow, 114. Rambler, Crimson, 115. Ramblers, 115. Rayon d’Or, 60. Red Columbia, 76. Red-Letter Day, 113. Red Radiance, 60, 79, 83. Red Rose Church at Man- heim, 100. Regina Badet, 114. Reine Carola de Saxe, 113. INDEX I21I Reine Marguerite d’ Italie, teh Reine Marie Henriette, 115. Rembrandt, III. Rene Robbins, 113. Renee Wilmart Urban, 113. Repens alba, 114. Reve d’Or, 115. Rhea Reid, 113. Richmond, 113. Robert Craig, 115. Robert Huey, 82. Roger Lambelin, 60. Roosevelt, Ex - President Theodore; 10. Rose-beads, 101. ' Rose-beetle, Spray for, 6. Rose-bug, 30. Rose-chafer, 30. Rose-garden, The ama- teur’s, 3. Rose-gardens, Famous, 27, 97, 98-100. Rose-gardens, Municipal, 95-97. Rose hedges, 74. ; Rose nicotine for aphis, 6, 30. Rose perfume, 102. Rose progress, 93, 97- Rose-slug, Spray for, 6, 30. Rose test-gardens, 93. Roses, Appropriate uses for, 41, 42. Roses, Attar of, 101. Roses, Cemetery, 75. Roses, Dependable varie- ties of, 43-62. Roses, Establishing ideals, &e Roses, Forcing, 76. Roses, How to arrange, 5. Roses, Various uses of, 64-77. Roses, Where to plant, 9. Rose d’Evian, 114. Roseraie de I’Hay, 114. Roseraie de Hay Rose- garden, 98-100. Roseraie Parfum de I’Hay, 114. Rubiginosa, 109. Rubrifolia, 108. Ruby Queen, 60. Rugosa, 109. Rugosa alba, 60, 109. Rugosa rubra, 60, 109. Rust, 30. Safrano, 60. St. Helena, 81. Salet, 113. Santa Rosa, 110. Sawdust Mulch, 25. ere Sor ; cissors, Pruning, 35. Seabird, 113. Selecting the right roses, . 37-41. Semperflorens, 108. Sempervirens, 108. Sericea, 109. Sericexz, 109. Setigera, 108. Shears, Pruning, 35. Shower of Gold, 60. Silver Moon, 60. Simplicifoliz, 109. Sinica, 109. Sir Thomas Lipton, 61. Smothering roses, About,27. Soap, Whale-oil, 30. . Sodenia, 115. Soils, 14. Soleil d’Or, 61. Solfatare, 115. Sombreuil, 114. South Orange Perfection, iB. Souv. de Catherine Gui- NOtseLUAs Souv. de E. Guillard, 113. Souv. de Gustave Prat, 61, 89. Souv. de la Malmaison, 61. Souv. de Pierre Leper- drieux, 114. Souv. de P. Notting, 61. Souv. du President Carnot, Te Souv. de S. A. Prince, 106. Souv. of Wootton, 113. Souv. of Wootton, ClimE- Taye, Tet Species, 75. Spectacular, 113. Spimosissima, 109. Spimosissimz, 109. Spray, When to, 6, 7. Standard roses, 13, 73- Staking, 22. Stiegel, Baron H. W., 100. Stylosa, 108. Stylosz, 108. Suckers, 36. Sulphur arsenate dust mix- ture, 7, 30. Sulphurea, 109, 114. Sunburst, 61. Sunrise, 114. Sunset, 114. Susanne-Marie achi, 83. Synonymous roses, 106. Synstyle, 108. Sweetbriar, 61. Sweetheart, 106, 115. Rodocan- Taft Rose, 113. Tausendschén, 61, 83. Tea-scented, 108. Temperature in different latitudes, 18. Temple of Love, 99. Test-gardens, 93. Thalia, 115. Thomas, Capt. George C., Urey Qe Thousand Beauties, 106. Tip-Top, 61. Tomentosa, 109. Tom Wood, 79, 111. Totote Gelos, 79. Tree roots, Danger from, 9. Tree roses, 13; 73- inter, Dis. Triomphe 114. Ulrich Brunner, 62. - Universal Favorite, 115. Orleanais, 80, Van Fleet, Dr. W., 83. Varieties, Number of, 37. Veluwezoom, 113. Vick’s Caprice, 111. Victor Verdier, 111. Villosa, 109. Violas, 25. Virginia R. Coxe, 106, 113 Viridiflora, 62. Viscountess Enfield, 113. Viscountess Folkestone, 89. Walter Speed, 113. Waltham’s Scarlet, 113. Ward, Admiral Aaron, 81. War of the Roses, 63. Wartburg, 115. Wa GaBeany m5. Weeds, How to keep down, 25. W. E. Lippiatt, 113. Wellesley, 113. West Grove, 113. White American Beauty, (Frau Karl Druschki), 106. White Killarney, 62. White Killarney, Climb- Ing. ETS. Wikite Maman Cochet, 56, oO. White Maman Cochet, Climbing, 115. White Soupert, 80, 114. Wichmoss, 115. Wichuraiana, 62, 108. Wichuraiana variegata, muse Wm. Allen Richardson, 62. Wm. Cooper, 113. Wm. R. Smith, 62, 83. William Shean, 62. Willowmere, 62, 79, 80. Winnie Davis, 113. Winter Gem, 114. Winter-frotection, 27—29. Winter-protection, When to remove, 27. Wirth, Theodore, 29, 709. Xanthina, 109. Yellow Soupert, 114. York and Lancaster, 108. Yvonne Rabier, 114. 62, J. Horace McFarland Co., Printers, Harrisburg, Pa. 00009199044