UC-NRLF

B M 31E

OSES

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:
LIBRARY
JNIVERSITY OF /
CALIFORNIA )

The Gift of Beatrix Farrand

to the General Library
University of California Berkeley

REEF

POINT

GARDENS

LIBRARY

HOW TO GROW ROSES

DEDICATED TO THE

FLOWER-LOVING PEOPLE

OF AMERICA

TWELFTH EDITION
REVISED AND ENLARGED

THE YCONARD & JONES CO.

WEST GROVE, PA.

Copyright iQi6, by The Canard &* Jones Co.

Contents

THE AMATEUR'S ROSE-GARDEN 3

ESTABLISHING IDEALS 5

THE ROSE-LOVER'S CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS 6

WHERE TO PLANT ROSES 9

PREPARING TO GROW ROSES 14

Drainage 14

Soils 15

Fertilizers 16

When to Plant . _ 17

Treatment on Arrival 18

PLANTING 20

Staking the Roses 22

Labeling 22

Platting 24

Mulching 25

PROTECTING THE ROSES 26

From Frost 26

From Enemies 29

PRUNING 31

How to Use This Pruning Information 34

Own Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses 36

SELECTING THE ROSES 37

Terms Used to Describe Appropriate Uses 41

One Hundred and Fifty-Eight Choice Roses 43

ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES AND USES 64

SELECTIONS FOR SPECIAL SECTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES OF

AMERICA 77

The Pacific Northwest J. A. Currey 77

Minneapolis and Vicinity Theodore Wirth 79

New York and Lower New England. . . . Rev. E. M. Mills 80

Roslyn and Northwest Long Island . . Admiral Aaron Ward 81

Philadelphia and Vicinity Dr. Robert Huey 82

Washington, D. C, and Points South . . Dr. W. Van Fleet 83

The South Atlantic and Gulf States C. Wintzer 84

Chicago and the North W. C. Egan 85

THE INCREASING REGARD FOR ROSES 91

The American Rose Society 92

Rose Test-Gardens 93

Municipal Rose-Gardens 95

A FAMOUS ROSE-GARDEN 98

THE RED ROSE CHURCH AT MANHEIM 100

ROSE-BEADS 101

ATTAR OF ROSES 102

HYBRIDIZING 104

BIBLIOGRAPHY 105

SYNONYMOUS ROSES 106

ANALYSIS OF SPECIES 107

ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES no

INDEX . 1 1 6

ARCHITECTURE

little book is designed to help the reader
realize that by setting out the right plants of
the right sort of roses this spring, cut-flowers
may be had from these selfsame plants dur-
ing the last days of May, with a continuity
of bloom almost unbroken until the frosts
of late autumn herald the approaching winter.
Amateurs are now able to have an all-summer "feast of
roses," as well as the skilled professional, and it is the
amateur's rose-garden, especially, that we have had in
mind when writing the following pages.

A large garden is not requisite. Two or three dozen good
plants, of the modern and greatly improved sorts, properly
selected, will give much enjoyment; while a garden of roses
with somewhat greater variety and extent can readily be
made a summer-long delight.

In spring, one can have the pleasure of building air-
castles about the plants. When the warm days of June
arrive, these air-castles will have taken substantial form, and
you may go from one plant to another, giving each a little
daily attention, contrasting one proud beauty with another
equally queenly, and, best of all, gathering an abundance
of lovely roses. Half an hour of such tonic-toil each day is
a great nerve-restorer, and, what many of those who have
tried it realize, it is also food for the soul.

Rose-growing among amateurs in this country is yet in
its infancy. In England, before the war, nearly everyone
grew roses. Dazzling vistas of roses were to be seen in the

911

HOW TO GROW ROSES

hedge-rows, along the country roads and lanes. Gardens
were full of flowers, and each person seemed to be striving
in friendly rivalry with his neighbor. Why was this extra-
ordinary enthusiasm for the rose? Because it is without a
peer among all the flowering plants. It presents nearly every
floral shade, in combinations far more attractive than
exotic orchids, and, above all, its delicious fragrance gives
us the enjoyment of another sense — the crowning feature,
in which no other flower can compete with it.

Since history was first written the rose has been asso-
ciated with the most important events in the life of man.
For centuries it has been fully recognized as the Queen
of Flowers, honored alike by poet and king. Yet such vari-
eties as Ophelia, Sunburst, and Frau Karl Druschki, the
ancients never knew! Why, then, should not you and
yours share in the pleasures of the twentieth-century roses,
to your own enjoyment and to the advantage of those around
you? Just a little garden of these modern well-bred roses;
just a little daily, loving care; just a little cost; and the
result to you and your neighbors will be the glory of the
Queen of Flowers.

The Glory of the Queen of Flowers

AND HOW TO ARRANGE THEM 5

Establishing Ideals

First consider what kind of rose-garden you will plan.
Roses seem to enjoy being arranged in countless ways. Will
the first show of bloom to burst into view, as one approaches
your home, be on your pergola, or arbor, or rose-covered
summer-house? If none of these furnishes appropriate
setting, probably your banks or fences will be clothed or
beautified. A variety of types, shown on the following pages,
is available, and choosing from these will become a delight.

Perhaps your fancy may picture prosperous beds, abound-
ing in a wealth of bloom, to be seen across a sweep of level
lawn, or from your favorite room in the house, or even hidden
beyond the curve in your garden-walk.

The formal rose-garden, too, is important, especially
on the larger place. There are excellent reasons why the
rose-garden should have a domain all its own. These
fastidious creatures that so well repay your thoughtful care
may well be grouped and with greater resulting effectiveness.
In no other case, perhaps, does careful planning pay so well as
in the formal garden.

In these brief suggestions of rose-garden possibilities let
us recall vividly the value of the rose in the landscape. Here
again a knowledge of varieties is important. Landscape
architects are recognizing more and more the noteworthy
species which are valuable in mass-plantings for showy effects,
for retaining embankments, for bordering driveways, or
even for certain types of hedges.

Or you may wish most for a garden of roses from which
to cut bouquets, so that "the Glory of the Garden" may be
reflected in your home. "Good taste" will suggest the right
roses — one for this vase, a bunch for that bowl, a spray for
the guest-room, still others for the hallway or the dining-
room table, then surely some for boutonnieres, and at times
for "state occasions." Surely anyone who has experienced the
exquisite thrill welling up in the soul from the presence of
choice roses well arranged will be eager to develop the skill
needed to make the best use of Nature's garden-gifts.

HOW TO GROW ROSES

The Rose-Lover's Calendar
of Operations

These dates will be found relatively correct for the aver-
age season in the latitude of Philadelphia. If you live north
or south, make the usual allowance of about four days for
every 100 miles of latitude. Comparative altitude must also
be taken into consideration. The seasons vary; for example,
the ground may be in good condition and ready for digging
as much as three weeks earlier one year than it will be the
following spring.

March 15. — Such hardy roses as are already planted should
now be pruned.

March 25 to 30. — As soon as the ground can be well worked, plant
new hardy roses which are to be had dormant. Prune these even more
closely than older established bushes.

April 10. — Less hardy roses, including the Everblooming class,
should be pruned. Begin to remove the winter protection as the increas-
ing heat of the sun permits.

April 15. — Roses are not immune from mildew and other fungoid
contagious diseases; therefore it pays at this time to spray with bordeaux
mixture all your rose plants as well as nearby fruit trees and grape-vines.

April 25 to 50. — Finish uncovering and pruning your roses. Plant
new ones (now or until the middle of May). A slight shading of these
from the sun will prove an advantage.

May i to 10. — As soon as plants are well set with foliage, a spraying
with rose nicotine or sulpho- tobacco soap will act as a preventive
against aphides (green fly).

May 20. — As soon as buds begin to swell, weak manure-water may
be applied to the plants. Spray again to kill off the aphides, otherwise
they will multiply with amazing speed.

May 25. — Now starts the season's procession of bloom, led by the
sturdy Rugosas and the Yellow Briar roses. Start feeding the Hybrid
Perpetual roses with liquid manure.

June i. — With this month we see the true glory of the "Feast of
Roses."

June 5. — Watch for the rose beetle and rose slug, and spray every
ten days for three weeks with a half pound of arsenate of lead to ten
gallons of water.

June w. — Begin to nourish the Teas and Hybrid Teas with liquid
manure. (Page 17.) You'll soon see the result.

June 20 to 30. — Now the Teas, Hybrid Teas, and Climbers begin
blooming in abundance. Cut your blossoms freely. Look out for mildew
and apply the remedy.

July i. — Keep the soil well stirred, A dust mulch at this season is
important.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS

7

July 4. — Gather all the flowers you can; it is not best for the plants
to have them die on the bushes. You should now be reaping a full har-
vest from the Teas, Hybrid Teas, etc.

July 10. — From now till autumn keep a sharp lookout for signs of
fungoid troubles — such as (i) mildew, (2) black spot, or (3) yellow
leaf, and apply bordeaux mixture. If any aphides appear, use rose
nicotine.

July 15. — Thin out the old canes and trim back all multifloras and
other climbers noted under chapter on pruning.

July 20. — Now or earlier mulch your roses with grass-cuttings,
old manure, leaves, sawdust, or peat-moss.

August 30. — Teas and Hybrid Teas bring forth their "Fall Flower
Show." As soon as the buds form, remember that Bon Arbor or manure-
water applied to the roots will help them to produce the blossoms you'll
be proud of.

September 10. — Some Hybrid Perpetuals bloom a second time.

October 15. — Make ready your new beds for next year.

November 15. — After the first frost, begin covering the stems of your
roses, pages 2-6, and, soon after this, complete the protecting of the
more tender kinds.

Thanksgiving Day. — As soon as the ground has frozen, all should
be safely nestled in their winter beds.

WHEN YOUR ROSES ARE UNDER THE SNOW

December.— Read Dean Hole's "The Book of Roses." (See Bib-
liography, page 105.)

January. — Send for the catalogs of a few reliable rose-growers.
February. — Order your new "Made in America" roses.

This shows how "York and Lancaster" may be used (page 62)

"Just a little garden of these modern well-bred roses; just a little
daily, loving care; just a little cost; and the result to you and your
neighbors is the glory of the Queen of Flowers,"

CHOOSING THE LOCATION

Where to Plant Roses

Several available spaces for the rose-bed are usually to be
found on the average home-grounds. The author has had
the good fortune to visit a number of rose-gardens that are
famous — and others that deserve to be — and this may be
said of nearly all : that they lay on the genial, sunny side of a
generous group of trees or copse, but were open to the gentler
breezes, and were not shut in or shaded.

When buying a new property, the selection of the
most suitable spot upon it for the house is scarcely more
important than the selection of a site for your rose-garden.
You will choose a sunny room, if possible, for the indoor
nursery, where "the little fairies" in your home may romp
and play on a wintry day; and so, too, will you wish to provide
for the happiness and well-being of your rose-children, because
only a few of them are prairie-born. Only a small section of
this large family has been reared to bear the rigors of gusty,
sweeping or whipping winds at any time of year, and from
such, for the best results, they must be protected. It is not
only the severe, cold winds of winter, or the raw, cutting
swish of spring, but the hot, withering winds of summer, too,
that may ruin the opening buds and spoil the almost ripe
fruits of your labor.

Choose a place, therefore, or establish one, protected
either by trees, a hedge, a wall, a building, or by some other
windbreak. Even a hedge of roses, or climbers, upon a
substantial trellis will avail, although a more dense screen is
more effective. Choose, too, a place where the sun will shine
for not less than one-half of the day, preferably the morning.
By this you will see that a space opening away to the south
or southeast is to be preferred. We have noted equally suc-
cessful rose-gardens entirely surrounded by hedges.

Avoid the too close shade of trees, or the proximity of
tree-roots; they are ravenous robbers. If the roots can pos-
sibly reach over to your rose-beds, they will do it and steal
away the nourishment you have provided. Therefore, either
keep entirely away from them or, if you must dig your bed

10 HOW TO GROW ROSES

near them, put in a partition on the tree side to keep back
the roots. Boards will do for a time; a concrete wall, about
4 inches thick, will last longer.

Another point to remember is that "roses do not like
wet feet." They seem to resent the ignominy of being sub-
jected to standing in undrained ground. Avoid very low
ground for this reason, and also because it is more subject
to early or late frost, and has greater tendency to mildew.

Try to combine in your choice as many of these condi-
tions as possible, because, while no point is absolute, all are
important. Don't stop or give up for the lack of some one
of them. Be earnest about it, and you will soon provide the
essentials. Mr. Chapman, the ornithologist, asked ex-
President Roosevelt how he continually accomplished so
much. Mr. Roosevelt answered that this had been his motto:

"Do what you can, with what you have,
where you are."

That motto will prove most useful for the rose-grower.
It lacks, however, one essential, which has been expressed
by no other so fittingly, in our estimation, as by Dean Hole:
"He who would have beautiful roses in his garden must
have beautiful roses in his heart. He must love them well
and always. He must have not only the glowing admiration,

This is Gardenia, running in revelry over the garden-wall

MAKE A PICTURE OF YOUR LAWN n

Let climbing roses frame your garden pictures

the enthusiasm
and the passion,
but the ten-
derness, the
thoughtfulness,
the reverence,
the watchfulness
of love." The
rosarian of be-
loved memory
understood the
secret. And
would that we
Americans had

more, like him, to spread the love for beautiful roses, as
well as for the wholesome pastime of planting and caring for
the Queen of Flowers.

"Make a picture of your lawn." This is the first principle
of landscape-gardening. Leave open the center spaces and
plant about and along the edges. Allow this rule to guide
you, then select places for your roses where they will do
best and give you the most pleasure.

Some varieties, as for example the Rugosas and the"rose
species," serve a very useful purpose when planted among the
shrubbery. Many other uses, too, are described on pages 64
to 76. The bush roses, however, including the Teas, Hybrid
Teas, and Hybrid Perpetuals, will prove most satisfying if
segregated and not mixed too much with other plants.

The location will help to decide the shape of your bed,
and it is mainly a matter of taste as to whether it shall be
straight, curved, oblong, round, or square. The essential
point to remember is this: You will want to get within arm's
reach of every rose in your bed, many times in a year, without
stepping on the bed. Not over 5 feet in width and preferably
tf/2 feet, therefore, is a good rule to follow.

Arrange the roses 18 inches apart each way, unless they
are very vigorous growers, in which case allow 2 feet
for spread. In warm countries, where the growth is most

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SIZE AND SHAPE OF THE BEDS

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luxuriant, and for the big bushy sorts, even more room will
be required. Again, there is the other extreme as, for example,
in making a border or edging of Polyantha roses, a fine
continuous effect may be had
by spacing them in the row
at only 12 inches apart.
This diagram shows a bed

3 feet wide for two rows. A
bed this width, "staggered,"

will require twelve roses to every 9 feet, twenty-four roses
if 1 8 feet long, and larger beds in the same proportion.

The young garden in the picture below is well done.
Note the avenue effect produced by the double row of
Standard or Tree roses on either side of the walk, set from

4 to 10 feet apart. They remind one of the beautiful rose-
gardens in England. Up the wall on either side climbing
roses have been started. The front bed on the left in the
picture is 4^ feet square, and contains nine roses. The
front bed on the right, if 4^2 feet wide by 6 feet long, would
contain twelve roses. The rear bed on the right of the walk
is 4^2 feet wide by 13 feet long, and contains twenty-four
roses; and the long bed in the rear on the left, if 4^ feet wide
by 20 feet long, would contain thirty-six roses.

The formal garden is incomplete without roses

14 HOW TO GROW ROSES

Preparing to Grow Roses

Having chosen the location and decided upon the size
and shape of your beds, you are next ready to prepare the soil.
Rev. F. Page Roberts, an ex-president of the National
Rose Society of England, has said: "After years of rose-grow-
ing in places far apart, I think it is not so much the soil and
the climate, as the care and skill of the cultivator that wins
success."

A very successful grower of roses in New York State once
remarked to a meeting of his rose society: "I would rather
plant a 15-cent rose in a 5O-cent hole than plant a 5O-cent
rose in a 15-cent hole." He was wise. The author recalls
visiting a successful private rose-garden in New England one
day when the roses in one bed were being moved. Those
roses had well-developed roots 3 feet long, because the
bed in which they were growing had been prepared to that
depth, and the top-growth and bloom had been luxuriantly
magnificent, testifying to the value of deep and thorough
soil-preparation.

Drainage

One thing, however, must be provided, if you are to court
success, that is ample drainage. "Wet feet" for roses are no
more conducive to health and happiness than for children.
Examine your soil; if there seems a need, provide drainage,
and remove the soil from your bed to the very bottom. Place
there a layer from 4 to 6 inches deep of stones not larger than
your fist, broken bricks, clinkers, or other suitable material

that will readily "take"
the water from above.
The soil is seldom so

tiling to6 t^ke \V ""water
away and, indeed, nine
times out of ten no arti-
. ficial drainage at all will

Layers or stones like this are not essential T A A

if the ground is naturally well drained ke needed.

PREPARING THE BEDS 15

Soils

The good loam so often found directly beneath the sod is
excellent, but is greatly improved by being broken, even
pulverized, to a depth of at least two spades and thoroughly
mixed with about one-third its bulk of rotted manure.
Fresh manure must never be allowed to touch the rose- roots.
Indeed, the more thorough-going way is to make sure of the
nether layer of soil by removing the upper one. First of all,
peel off the sod (it will produce excellent compost, see
section on "Fertilizers"); next take out the top layer of soil
to the depth of i foot and pile it nearby. If the soil below
that is good, rich loam, or a fair mixture of clay and loam, it
may remain. Loosen this with a garden fork to a depth of
another foot, preferably not upturning it, and mix with it
well-decomposed manure, and then put back the top layer of
loam in which to plant your roses.

If, on the other hand, you find the subsoil poor, barren, and
unproductive, you may have to remove it altogether. Haul
it away, and put your chopped-up sods in the bottom, grass-
side down, to rot and make future plant-food. If you have
ready from the previous year a compost made by mixing one-
half or two-thirds of sod, with the balance of manure from
the cow-stables, use it in the bottom of your bed, and make
a future storehouse of rich nourishment for your roses.

Another hint: A few broken bones may be mixed with
the soil in the bottom of the trench, say a peck for a bed
holding a dozen roses. These will decay slowly, and furnish
plant-food for three or four years to come.

Not all roses like the same soils. The Hybrid Perpetuals,
for example, love a heavy clay or loam. So do the heavier-
growing climbers; whereas the Teas, Hybrid Teas, Bourbons
and the like, revel in a lighter soil and a warmer one, with less
than 50 per cent clay or loam, and more sand or leaf-mold.
Rugosas thrive even in quite sandy soil.

"It is difficult to give the roses too rich soil." If your soil
is light and sandy, and you cannot well replace it entirely, it
may be greatly improved by mixing a little clay or rich loam

16 HOW TO GROW ROSES

with it when trenching. If your soil seems too heavy, it can
be made lighter and more open by adding sand, or even coal-
ashes. To be good for roses, the soil must be such as will not
quickly transmit to the roots sudden surface changes of
temperature. The roots should be kept cool. If it be pos-
sible after the soil in your bed has been prepared, give it
time, say two or three months, to settle before planting your
roses. If this be out of the question, press with your feet
each layer of soil in your bed, as you proceed to fill it in.

Fertilizers

While manure from the cow-stable is best, you can draw
upon the horse-stable, sheep-pens, or pig-sty with expectation
of good results, and "night soil," mixed with dry soil, or
sand, and well composted is excellent. Well-rotted leaves are
fair, but too light except for heavy soils. Commercial fer-
tilizers, such as ground bone or guano, may be used with
advantage if handled with discretion. A rule to remember is
never to let any "green" or "raw" manure come close to the
roots of your roses, but see that it is buried well beneath the
root reach, or applied as a top-dressing. After your roses
have been planted, the best time to apply manures is just
as the ground begins to freeze in the autumn. Let it serve as
a protection over winter, and dig it in next spring, being care-
ful, however, not to disturb the roots.

Far better than surface-coating is the ample supply of
fertilizer placed well under the roots in the bottom of your
beds, before you plant your roses, because roots travel
toward their food-supply. By thus enticing them downward,
you develop a strong, deep root-growth down into the
reservoir of stored-up food and moisture, so that, when dry
weather comes, they will not hunger and thirst, as they would
with only surface roots. Surface application of manure-water
is quite a different matter, as that will percolate down to the
deepest roots.

It is said that roses draw most upon the soil when bloom-
ing, and we find you can almost see the results from applica-
tion (when the flower-buds begin swelling) of liquid manure,

THE PROPER FOOD FOR ROSES

Nearly every child is fond of flowers

concocted by catching the drain from the manure-pile, or
one-third of a bushel of manure in a bag and soaked in a
barrel of water. Apply this as a weak tea, not too strong, but
frequently, say twice a week. When it is more convenient,
a sprinkling of bone-dust on the surface before a rain will
answer the same purpose. Even with the best care, it may
prove necessary in some locations, say after six or eight years,
to renew the roses or move the bed, adopting the farmer's
principle of rotation of crops.

When to Plant

Tell us where you would grow roses, and we will tell you
when to plant them. The most carefully laid down dates for
New York State are "null and void" in New Orleans. Proper
planting-time in the same state may vary according to differ-

i8

HOW TO GROW ROSES

ences in altitude and latitude. Where the winters are not too
severe, as in our Gulf and Pacific Coast States, and the

next tier of states north,
autumn-planting is to
be preferred.

North of the line of
the Ohio River, only
our hardier varieties,
such, for example, as the
Hardy Climbers and
Hybrid Perpetuals, Ru-
gosas, Moss and Pernet-
ianas, will withstand the first winter out, if autumn-planted.
As a matter of general practice, there are, doubtless,
ten times as many roses planted in spring as in autumn.
For the latitude of Philadelphia, dormant roses should be
planted as soon in spring as the soil is dry enough to
crumble in the hand, and plantings may continue till mid-
April. Growing roses from pots should not be set out until
danger from frost is past, usually the last week in April. If
you live north of 40 degrees latitude, defer planting from this
date by one week for every hundred miles. Do not attempt
any planting operations with the ground frozen, or the ther-
mometer below 45 degrees Fahr. Roses from pots, when
shipped with soil on the roots, may be planted at any time
through the growing season, even through the summer.

Treatment on Arrival

Think of your roses as living creatures, even though they
be asleep (dormant) when you first get them. Unwrap them
with the greatest care; never expose the roots to the drying
action of the spring winds for a moment. A plant with bare
roots exposed to the dry air is like a fish out of water. Untie
the bundles so as not to break, bark or bruise either root or
branch. Should the plants, through delay in transit, come
dried out, as occasionally happens, soak the balls of earth
and roots in water; if the stems also have dried out, bury
the whole plant in damp earth for three or four days till the

TREATMENT ON ARRIVAL

When this little girl grows up and has a garden of her own, she too
will know how to grow fine roses.

shriveled branches regain their natural plumpness. If you
cannot plant the roses when they arrive, "heel them in" in
the garden until you are ready to plant them. This is done
by digging a trench deep enough thoroughly to cover all
roots and even lower branches of each bundle of roses. It
will be better to untie the bundles so that the roots can be
more thoroughly covered. Press down this soil-cover firmly.

20

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Planting

When ready to plant, remember again that roots must be
kept from the wind. Spring winds are so drying that fatal
damage may occur from a few minutes of exposure. The
best plan, when planting, is to keep the roots covered with a
damp piece of burlap, or of other packing- material.

Next make the holes in the bed, which should have been
prepared as shown on page 15, and make them large enough
to accommodate the roots in a natural and uncramped posi-
tion, neither too deep nor too shallow (see illustration). Do
not spread the roots out flat, but point them down, slanting
outward. Use care to keep the roots from direct contact
with the manure, lest the roses get indigestion. It is a good
plan to dip the roots, before planting, in a thin mud made
by mixing loam or clay with water. Settle well-pulverized
soil in around the roots, so as to fill up every air-space, and
so that every single root shall be entirely encased in soil.
When the hole is half-filled, and roots covered, press the
soil down firmly with the hands ; then fill the hole with water,
and let it drain away; fill in level with soil, and tamp it care-
fully but securely; then give a final covering of soil, which
should be about level with the surrounding turf, but not
high enough to let the water run away when it rains. Also
protect from the bright sunshine for a few days.

Too deep

Too shallow, and Just right Right, and banked
set wrong for winter

For splendor, beauty and impressiveness the red Rose stands
preeminent, and among the Hybrid Perpetuals the J. B. CLARK,
shown above, is a variety with real merit.

Among the more recent introductions in this class should also
be mentioned Hugh Dickson, Barbarossa, George Dickson and
Gloire de Chedane Guinoisseau.

Can you imagine any flower more exquisitely appropriate, either
worn singly or in display for the most important occasions, than a
freshly opened bloom like the above?

Important celebrations and state occasions are coming more and
more to depend upon the Rose for its decorative value, satisfying
the mind and heart, as well as the eyes, of all observers.

22 HOW TO GROW ROSES

Staking the Roses

Standard or Tree roses, unless extraordinarily sturdy and
planted where they are protected from the winds, will be the
better for staking. The stake should come well up to the
head of the roses. Place it while planting, for if it is driven
later it may injure an important root. Bush roses seldom
need staking when planted, although this is a matter for atten-
tion according to the needs of individual varieties. Plants
should never be permitted to sway about or become loose at
the collar. If the sun be warm within the next day or two
after you plant, the bush will be the better for being shaded,
-as well as for mulch about the roots.

Labeling

Rose-growing with labels is by far the most delightful
kind. You lose half the pleasure if you lose the names, to
say nothing about the satisfaction of accumulating infor-
mation. The importance of labeling is really great. Do it
when you plant as a part of the operation; otherwise, it is
likely to be overlooked. The growers' labels are not likely to
last more than one season, and then it becomes dreadfully
embarrassing not to know what to call your plant-children,
whether you want to scold or caress them. Choose the label
with fewest faults.

Copper Labels

These are made of light sheet copper, eyeleted and .,
wired ready to use as soon as the name of the plant
is inscribed. The copper labels are very light, and
are therefore most suitable for hanging on the
branches of your roses in a conspicuous place, not
to be disturbed until you begin your pruning.
Then, if necessary, remove them to some other part
of the plant not in danger from your shears. But
any type of label that must be wired on the bush
may constrict and check the life of the stem or
branch on which it hangs. Therefore, a better way IJLJ

LABELING 23

to use these copper labels is to suspend them on
a stout wire stake alongside the plant, so that no
removing will be necessary unless the rose is being
transplanted to some other part of your garden,
when, of course, the label should go along with it. This
shape of label is now available in celluloid faced with
perfectly transparent mica. See right-hand cut at bot-
tom of page 22.

Stake Labels

Many of the stake labels are good, but if low are
apt to become spattered with mud.

The garden clubs are often good guides in such
matters. The Lake Forest Club members prefer this one
It cannot damage the plant or be in the way when
pruning. It is high enough above ground to escape the mud-
splash and likewise may be read without stooping. Another
commendable quality, is its unobtrusiveness. We call it the
"garden-club label." It is a sheet-metal tag suspended from
the goose-neck top of a No. 9 galvanized iron wire 15
inches long, to be placed upright in the ground. The plant-
name may be written on it with an ordinary steel pen, using
indelible ink made by dissolving a copper cent in sulphuric
acid diluted with five parts of water. Or, if preferred, paint
the label and stake green and the letters in white.

The Mann Plant-Label

Another zinc label that has proved most satisfac-
tory for labeling hardy climbing roses and shrubs is
the Mann plant-label. The accompanying illustration
shows how this label is made, and the head for the
writing is bent at the proper angle so the legend can be
read easily. The stem is shaped so it takes firm hold
of the soil, will not heave by action of frost, or rot as
wooden labels will, nor is it easily dislodged by rakes
or animals. If accidentally stepped on, it will bend
W but not break. Writing is permanent (see formula

24 HOW TO GROW ROSES

for ink, page 23) so that names and dates are not lost by
rust or peeling, as on iron labels; and, if by chance the name
has to be erased, this can be done with emery cloth. Only
one size is made, viz., p>£ inches in length, by 3^ inches in
width at the top.

The Simplex Label

The Simplex labels have recently been greatly improved.
You should know them. Placed securely on the top of a
suitable metal stake, 1 6 inches long, is a i y£- by 23/^-inch metal
frame, with solid back, tilted at an angle of about 45
degrees, whose legend is easily read and weather-
proof. In this frame is a slightly roughened celluloid
card on which to write the name, date, etc., with a pencil,
and over this, for protection, is slipped in a clear smooth
piece of mica. They are too new to have been tried
thoroughly, but we predict wide use for them. They are
painted neutral green, and in every respect seem, to the
writer, calculated to meet the tastes and requirements
of the most exacting. The objection which some people
have for labels is that they are so unsightly and spoil
the appearance of the rose-beds, but the wire-staked
green ones are most unobtrusive. The most elite rose-
labels we have ever found were those used by M. Graver-
eaux, where, on top of metal stakes were screwed flat, oval
name-plates of porcelain, with the names burned in.

Platting

But the "best laid" labels sometimes go wrong, and in
some unexplainable fashion do get lost; therefore, to be
entirely protected, you can take out label insurance. Some
people think this is more important than labeling. Draw a
diagram of your bed, and then with letters or numbers
indicate on it the location of each rose. With this make out
and keep a key-list of roses lettered or numbered to corre-
spond with those on the diagram. We venture to predict
that such a list will prove its value before the end of the
second year.

CONSERVING THE MOISTURE

25

Mulching

There is a double object in this: First, to retain the mois-
ture; and, second, better to preserve a suitable temperature
in the soil. What is called a "dust-mulch," maintained by
frequent hoeing, is, perhaps, the best method, although,
where the summers are warm, a covering in early July of
long "strawy" cow- or horse-stable manure that will not
heat, will accomplish the same object. The illustrious ama-
teur rose-grower, George C. Thomas, Jr., of Chestnut Hill,
Philadelphia, Pa., keeps the surface of the soil in his beds
about 2 or 4 inches below the boundary turf, and then he
fills the beds level full with peat-moss, which acts not only
as a mulch, but effectually stops weed-growth. This we look
upon as even better than a manure-mulch, because the
latter may encourage root-growth nearer the surface than
is desirable. We have also tried sawdust for covering the
beds in summer. It certainly prevented need for weeding
and otherwise seemed beneficial.

>s where everyone may enjoy them

26

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Roses in the outdoor living-room

Protecting the Roses

From Frost

W. C. Egan, the eminent horticulturist of northern
Illinois, succeeds admirably in keeping his roses over winter,
as also does Mr. Orpet, Superintendent for Mr. McCormick;
and yet, north of Chicago, where they live, the severe
winters and the cold winds blowing over Lake Michigan,
often kill the Wichuraianas and Rambler roses to within a foot
of the ground, when not protected. An eminent judge, living
north of Detroit, by the work of his own hands, protects his
Hybrid Teas so that they triumphantly weather zero winters.
On the famous shore-front at Newport, Rhode Island, we
found the tender Gloire de Dijon rose, which we had sup-
posed could not be grown north of Washington, D. C., green
and thrifty to the second story, after a most severe winter
season. But the protection had been very thorough.

WINTER -PROTECTION 27

Obviously, there is no danger where there is no frost.
Where the thermometer falls below freezing, the less hardy
varieties should be partly covered, and all roses will be the
better for some protection, at least about the roots. If you
are visited with zero weather, let "preparedness" be your
rule. To begin with, bank up the soil cone-shaped, with the
apex 6 to 10 inches high around the stem of each bush.
Ashes are sometimes used, but nothing we know of is better
than soil. In very cold countries, the roses may be lifted
entirely and buried in trenches for the winter, and they will
come out in fine shape for replanting in spring. After you
have drawn the soil nicely around them (see calendar), leave
them alone till the ground is frozen with a crust hard enough
to bear the weight of a stone-laden wheel-barrow. By this
time the moles or mice, or other creatures, will have secured
their winter abode elsewhere, and not be tempted to make
nests in the protecting material you will next apply. Now
do not smother your roses, or they may die. Cover them
thoroughly, as high up as you attempt to protect them, but
always allow for the circulation of air. A 3- or 4-inch
blanket of good, heavy stable-manure will keep out much
cold. Over this fill up from the bottom of the bed to a depth
of i o or 12 inches with nice, dry leaves, and with some light
material on top to keep them in place. A 1 2-inch fence
of poultry-wire staked round the bed will help keep the
leaves in place. The boughs of fir or pine trees, hay, straw, or
cornfodder, or other material that will break the force of
cold, biting winds, will serve in place of leaves, and where
most careful protection is required, boards may be arranged
roof-fashioned to turn off the rains. This will also protect
your roses from exposure to direct sunshine when nights are
freezing-cold, and avoid alternate thawing and freezing,
which is dangerous, and in early spring prevent the premature
excitation of plant-growth and tender buds. For this reason,
too, remove protection in spring gradually, and not all at
one time (see calendar).

A method that has proved successful in one of the coldest
sections of the United States is thus vividly described:

28

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Minneapolis Municipal Rose-garden

". . . Our principal problem would be to provide proper
winter-protection. We took special pains to ripen the wood.
We stopped watering and cultivation in September, and dis-
couraged late growth. The last week in October we gave the
beds a very thorough soaking, and a few days after we tied
the shoots close together, and piled the soil around the plants
as high as we could with material taken from between the
plants, so covering from four to six of the lower eyes. The
garden was then left in this condition until there were 3
or 4 inches of frost in the ground. We then filled in with
dry leaves, gathered from the nearby woods. The leaves were
thrown in loose and not packed down, and covered the beds to
the height of the soil heaped around the plant. We then
boarded in the long sides of the beds 2 feet high, and boarded
over the top of the bed, but left the two ends open. Over
this board cover we spread a layer of bedding, straw and hay.

PROTECTING THE ROSES 29

"It will be seen by the method of winter-protection herein
described that our aim was to prevent, if possible, thawing
after frost had set in; to protect the plants from the drying
effects of the strong winds, without preventing the free cir-
culation of air. We have employed the same method of pro-
tection ever since, and generally we have been successful in
bringing the plants through winter in very good condition."
(Article, "The Minneapolis Municipal Rose-garden in
Lyndale Park," by Theodore Wirth, in "The American Rose
Annual," 1916, pages 79, 80.)

Protecting Tree roses over winter is most important.
Set up a box about 2 feet square, and high enough from
the ground to encase the head, and fill this with soil to cover
all but the topmost branches. No part needs protection
more than the point where stock and branches join. Another
method is to loosen the earth on two sides of the plants
so they may easily be bent over without breaking anything
and then, when staked to the ground, cover with 6, 8 or more
inches of earth till danger of frost is past in spring, when
they may again be reinstated and restaked. In some loca-
tions it may prove quite as convenient, and equally effec-
tive, to take up the plants entire, and bury them in a trench
in the vegetable garden.

Protecting Roses from Enemies

Eternal vigilance is the price of perfect flowers, because
"prevention is better than cure." Vigorous, healthy plants
are seldom troubled much.

The two golden rules to remember, says Mr. Edward
Mawley, Secretary of the National Rose Society of England,
are these: "Keep sharp watch out for the first appearance of
insect or fungoid pests and adopt measures for destruction
at once. Then persevere with the remedy adopted until a
cure has been effected."

Our Lady Rosa likes cleanliness above all things, and will
respond generously to these attentions. Keep your roses
clean and healthy and they are almost certain to be happy.

30 HOW TO GROW ROSES

Insects

Probably our worst enemy to roses is the ROSE CHAFER
("Rose Bug"), which is particularly severe on sandy soils.
For this, handpicking into a vessel of kerosene is effective, or
a half pound of arsenate of lead in twelve gallons of water,
or bordeaux mixture (one ounce to one and a half gallons
of water). Spray on every two weeks through June and
July as a preventive. This is also a good remedy for the
ROSE-SLUG, which skeletonizes the leaves. It works from
the under side of the foliage so when going after it, turn the
foliage down side up and spray it thoroughly.

APHIDES, or GREEN FLIES, attack the plants during May
and June, and, if not dispatched, they multiply rapidly, and
suck the life-blood from the leaves. A vigorous spraying of
Thompson's rose nicotine or whale-oil soap will settle them.
SCALE seldom bothers any except old, neglected shrub roses.
Use scalecide or lime-sulphur wash.

Diseases

Of the fungous diseases, POWDERY MILDEW is by far the
worst and most difficult to overcome. It will be recognized
as a white mold appearing on the foliage, which, if not
checked, will spread.

This is most likely to occur in warm, damp weather, and
certain varieties, such as Crimson Ramblers, are more sub-
ject to its attacks. Bordeaux mixture, applied at fortnightly
intervals, is a good preventive (see formula above). As a
cure, flowers of sulphur dusted on the foliage is recom-
mended, also "grape dust." For BLACK-SPOT, RUST, and
other fungous diseases, follow the same course. Also
promptly remove and burn foliage thus affected.

BUD-ROT. Outer petals turn brown and buds fail to
open. No satisfactory remedy is known.

The beginner need not be dismayed at the above array of
troubles that may happen; if they do, these hints are offered
as a "first aid to the injured." As a matter of fact, not all the
above pests are likely to appear in the same garden. It is
not so complicated or difficult as might appear.

PRUNING INFORMATION

Pruning

If you have bought two- or three-year-old plants, cut
them back rather severely at the time of planting — to three
or four buds on the Hybrid Perpetuals and about six on
the Teas and Hybrid Teas. Always cut the stem just above a
bud that points out, never above one that points toward the
center of the plants. The term bud or eye is used to define
the places on the stem where leaves will be produced. They
are easily distinguished, as they look like small, pointed
warts on the stems. If the plants are in leaf when planted,
the above does not apply. The crop of flowers on the rose
plants is largely governed by the kind of pruning the plants
receive. In fact, other conditions being ideal, the pruning
determines the quantity and the size of the flowers.

The Hybrid Perpetuals and most other hardy roses
should be pruned in March; if weather permits, by the

Method of pruning Hybrid Teas for garden display
(As recommended by the N. R. S. of England)

middle of the month. The tender roses, the Teas and
Hybrids Teas, need not be pruned until along in April, when
the sap begins to flow and the buds begin to swell; for, at this
time, dead and weak wood may be much more easily dis-
tinguished and cut out than earlier in the season. Besides, it
is an advantage to leave the mulch undisturbed until settled
weather has arrived. At the time of pruning, one must

.

V

The PERLE DES JARDINS is a standard Tea Rose of rich
golden yellow color and fine form; it blooms freely on strong stems.
Other newer Roses of related color and great merit are Lady
Hillingdon, Sunburst and Miss Alice de Rothschild.

PRUNING INFORMATION

33

decide upon the kind of crop wanted. If the very biggest and
best flowers are wanted, then severe pruning is necessary
(see i , page 34) ; if a large crop of average flowers, then only
moderate pruning (see 2, page 34) ; but, where a quantity of
bloom is preferred, only a little pruning is necessary (see 3,
page 34).

When pruning Hybrid Perpetuals, first cut out the weak
wood and any branches that cross; then cut back the strong
canes to about six eyes, the top one point-
ing out, and the cut being made one-quarter
of an inch above the bud. If you want
only a few big flowers, cut back to only
three or four buds. For the big outdoor
display, leave four to seven canes two-
thirds their growth. The Teas and Hybrid
Teas will need the same attention, but
there should be as much or more wood left.
In case the winter may have killed the canes,
cut back to live wood, even if down to the
surface of the soil.

These rules are modified somewhat by
the character of the plant. The weaker-
growing varieties can be cut back farther
than strong-growing sorts. The strong-
growing kinds, if cut back too heavily, will
run to wood, and in the case of some —
Gloire Lyonnaise, for instance — too heavy
pruning may kill the plant.

The Bourbon roses need but little pruning. Cut back the
stems a few inches. This is also true of the Austrian Briar
roses, of the Wichuraianas and the Ramblers, which should not
be pruned much in autumn or spring, but just after the
flowering season, to produce wood for next season's bloom.

Climbing and Pillar roses need be cut back but one-
third to one-fifth, and on old well-established plants, the old,
enfeebled wood should also be taken out.

The base of the branches may be prevented from becom-
ing bare. In straight branches, the sap goes to the top, leaving

Showing where to
prune

34

HOW TO GROW ROSES

little for the buds at the base. Train the branches up crooked
by putting sharp bends in the stems within 2 feet of the ground,
and foliage will be produced the whole length of the stem.
To get a second crop of flowers in autumn, cut 8 to 10 inches
of wood with the flowers. Several Hybrid Perpetuals will
also bloom in autumn with this treatment. (See below, and

also the list of 158 roses on pages
43 to 62.)

In autumn extra-long canes will
need to be cut back a little, and
perhaps tied to a stake or support,
to prevent swaying and the con-
sequent damage to the roots.

How to Use This Pruning
Information

Refer to pages 43 to 62 for va-
,JM. rieties on which information is de-
sired. Opposite each name will be
The way to prune and thin found abbreviated directions for

out climbing roses • TTT . T . T

pruning. Illustrations herewith

will further explain the instructions. The key to these di-
rections is fully explained on this and the succeeding page.

1. HARD. Thin out to the base all but from three to five
shoots, and cut these back so as to leave two or three eyes
on each shoot.

2. MODERATELY HARD. Thin out as No. i, and cut each
shoot back to about five to ten eyes.

3. MEDIUM. Thin out as No. i; leave four to seven shoots;
shorten these shoots to about half their length.

4. SPARINGLY. Thin out as No. i; leave four to seven
shoots, which should be merely tipped.

5. THIN. No pruning required; thin out annually.

6. NONE. No pruning required; thin out every two or
three years, just to keep the plant within bounds.

7. Climbing, Pillar, and all other roses that are marked 7
can be improved by thinning, when one or more of the

PRUNING INFORMATION

35

stems show plainly that they are old and past doing good ser-
vice. This should not be necessary oftener than every three
years. Kinds marked + are more likely to need it than
kinds marked — . The needs of such roses as Mrs. Peary,
Marechal Niel, etc., are not covered by any of the notes,
where the climate is warm enough not to kill back the main
stems. In this case, the branches should be trimmed so as
to leave from two to ten eyes.

Ex. Method to use to produce exhibition specimens or
large flowers.

Q. Method to use to produce showy bushes or a quantity
of flowers.

"NOTE i. — Pruning, therefore, is the art of improving the produc-
tive power, and the appearance of the plant. It consists of two distinct
operations: (i) The removal of dead, weak, overcrowded, or otherwise
useless shoots. Unripe wood which in the spring will usually be found
to have discolored pith, caused by the winter frosts, should be cut
clean away at the base of the shoot. (2) Pruning proper, the shorten-
ing of those shoots which are allowed to remain after
the thinning-out process has been completed.

'The most frequent errors made in pruning are
(i) leaving too many shoots when thinning out; (2)
pruning severely the shoots of varieties which require
little, if any, shortening ; (3) pruning lightly
the varieties which require severe pruning ;
(4) leaving rose plants crowded with shoots
and cutting these to a uniform length all
way
>ped.

?In thinning out a
shoot, it should be
either cut clean away
to the base of the plant,
or to its starting-point
on the older shoot from
which it springs, as the
case may be. When the
plant has been pruned,
the shoots should be
left as nearly as pos-

over the plant in the same way that a hedge
is clipj

* *Ti

Pruning-shears for heavy work
2. Flower-scissors that cut and hold the stem.

sible equidistant from
each other, and regu-
larly arranged around
it so that it presents a
well-balanced appear-
ance on all sides." —
National Rose Society's

3. Flower-scissors strong and convenient for light work. Hand-Book on Pruning.

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Own-Root, and Budded or Grafted Roses

Every rose-grower should learn the difference. In a
budded or grafted rose, the top of a good flowering variety
has been joined and made to grow onto the
root of a "wild" rose. An own-root rose never
borrowed roots. It stands on its own feet, so
that, if the top be winter-killed, the new
growth from the root will bloom true as at
first. Not so with the budded or grafted rose.
If the top be killed, the "wild" root is worth-
less; throw it out.

As a general rule, for application over a
broad area, the experience of many people in
many different localities indicates a preference
for own-root roses in as many varieties as will
make satisfactory and vigorous growth.

Some varieties, however, when grown on
their own roots, are not thrifty and vigorous.
Such kinds should be obtained in plants that
have been budded or grafted onto roots of a
stronger-growing rose in order to obtain the desired growth
and abundant bloom. Multiflora, Canina, Manetti, and
other stocks are used for this purpose. When planting own-
root roses, set in the soil a trifle deeper than the stain of the
soil on the stem indicates it grew before. When planting
budded or grafted roses, set with the joint or union of top
and root an inch below the surface of the soil, and watch for
suckers. If there appears any growth originating below the
union, dig away the soil and cut it off close up to the stem;

otherwise it may
grow up and
crowd out the
flower-bearing
part of the plant.
These suckers
usually show 7
The process of |~ t or 9 leaflets.

budding

A budded rose
may be distin-
guished from the
own-root by knot-
formation of the
former. See arrow.

CHOOSING THE RIGHT KINDS

37

Selecting the Roses

This is a vital matter. The most complete and authorita-
tive list of roses in our possession shows 10,281 varieties. The
most complete collection in any one plantation that has come
under our observation we did not attempt to count. It is
said to contain about six thousand varieties, including every
known species and every variety now obtainable in the
civilized world. (This garden, the Roseraie de L'Hay, will be
found more fully described on page 98.)

The average number of roses actually in commerce in the
different countries abroad prior to August
i, 1914, was approximately one thousand,
while a half of that is the average number

The luxuriant clusters of the white-flowered Dorothy Perkins,
example of the Wichuraiana family

good

38 HOW TO GROW ROSES

offered in America by the leading rose firms whose products
can be relied upon as true to name.

When we recall that the average amateur must confine his
selection to a much smaller number even than this, often a
choice two dozen kinds, the paramount importance of a
proper selection is quite apparent.

Dr. Liberty H. Bailey, formerly of Cornell University,
and editor of that standard authority, "Cyclopedia of
American Horticulture," says: "The success of the rose in
this country is very largely a question of the selection of
adaptable varieties."

Pemberton, in his excellent work on roses, says to be-
ginners: "State your requirements to a friend who is an
expert and leave the selection to him." This book would be a
"friend" to every rose-grower, — how "expert" you must
judge from its contents.

America is a big country, and allowances must be made
for differences in soil, climate, and other conditions. Rules
are offered for use and application by the reader to the
conditions that obtain in his or her locality. If there arise
conditions not herein covered, the author will be glad from
his own experience to assist readers in solving their individual
problems.

Where do you live? The answer to this question is the
first key to the selection of the right roses. Some varieties
will withstand severely cold winters from which other varie-
ties would die. Do you want dwarf, bedding, pillar, or vigor-
ous climbing roses? Would you prefer a great show for a
month or more in the early summer, or a more or less con-
tinuous bloom throughout the autumn also? These various
important characteristics will be mentioned in the descrip-
tions of 158 roses on pages 43 to 62. The following expla-
nations will enable you more fully to understand the terms
used. We state after the name of each rose: (i) the class to
which it belongs; (2) the color of the flower; (3) the char-
acter of the leaves, when it is particularly worthy of men-
tion; (4) the character of growth (vigorous, moderate, etc.);
(5) the purposes for which best suited; (6) the way to prune

SELECTING THE ROSES

39

Rosa Wichuraiana has shiny
green foliage nearly all the year

the variety; (7) other noteworthy remarks. We have endeav-
ored to avoid all exaggeration.

After the name of the variety, the class to which it belongs
is indicated by the following abbreviations:

SECTION I
T.— Tea
B. — Bourbon
C. — China
H.T.— Hybrid Tea
P. — Polyantha
T.P.— Tea Polyantha

SECTION II

N. — Noisettes

C.T. — Climbing Tea

C.H.T. — Climbing Hybrid Tea

C.P. — Climbing Polyantha

C.T.P. — Climbing Tea Polyantha

In addition to 158 leading roses listed on pages 43 to 62
inclusive, see also (pages no to 115) a list of the important
roses in each class named above.

SECTION III
A.B. — Austrian Briar. Per. —

Pernetiana, or Hybrid Austrian

Briar

D.— Damask
H. P.— Hybrid Perpetual
M. — Moss
Pr. — Provence
R. — Rugosa and Hybrid Rugosa

SECTION IV
Mult. — Multiflora
Bank. — Banksian
CI. M. — Climbing Moss
S.B. — Sweetbriars
W. — Wichuraiana and hybrids

SELECTING THE ROSES 41

It will be helpful to remember, when referring to the
above four sections, that sections III and IV contain the
hardiest roses. Roses in these classes will live out over
winter in the latitude of Philadelphia without protection,
although all roses in this and colder regions will be the better
for protection. The classes in sections I and II require careful
protection in a climate like this, especially the first ones
named in each section, which are better suited for growing
south of Washington, D. C., and in correspondingly mild
climates.

As to bloom, sections I and II will bloom more or less
throughout the growing season. Sections III and IV are
mostly known as summer bloomers, and are iir their greatest
glory for only a few weeks in early summer. Some of the
Hybrid Perpetuals and Hybrid Austrian Briars will also
make an autumn showing.

The character of growth is indicated upon a scale arranged
as follows: Weak, moderate, moderately vigorous, vigorous,
very vigorous; "robust" indicates sturdy and bushy, but
short growth. Climbers are described either as vigorous
climbers, suitable for low pillar or trellis, or very vigorous,
suitable for archways, pergolas, or high trellis.

Terms Used to Describe Appropriate Uses

(Also key to descriptions on pages 43 to 62)

GARDEN. — Recommended for general lawn or garden
cultivation.

BEDDING, i. e., free-flowering and of rather compact
growth — good for massing in beds, either several of a kind
or with other bedding roses.

PILLAR. — Excellent for training up to a low pillar, stake,
or post.

ARCH. — For covering an archway.

PERGOLA. — For growing over a pergola.

WALL. — Suitable for training up the face of a wall or
side of a building.

CREEPING. — Good for covering a bank, stumps, rocks, etc.

42 HOW TO GROW ROSES

TRELLIS. — Grows well on a trellis.

BUSH. — Makes a good bush when planted alone and
allowed to develop.

POT, or CUT-FLOWERS. — Those that have particularly
long stems and other qualities that make them peculiarly
fitted for cutting. Good also under glass.

BOUTONNIERE. — Well formed buds and not so large but
that it is appropriate for a buttonhole or corsage bouquet.

EDGING. — Makes an excellent edging to a rose-bed or
other border.

HEDGE. — Adapted for making a hedge, either all one kind
or with others.

TREE or STANDARD. — Kinds that do well in tree form, as
illustrated on page — .

Note also at the close of this chapter a section devoted to
the best roses for each particular purpose in your garden.
We feel that entire dependence may be placed upon these
recommendations beginning page 64, based upon the infor-
mation gained after many years' correspondence with patrons
in all parts of the United States.

In a broader way the reader will surely find great interest
in cultivating a more intimate acquaintance with this great
rose family. Opportunity for further study of this subject
is offered in the Analysis of Species and outline of different
classes beginning on pages 108 and no.

Following these sets for special purposes, and beginning
on page 77, will be found recommendations of the varieties
that eminent amateurs, or professionals, have found best
adapted to each of eight different typical sections of our
country.

But comparatively few people can actually plant more
than a small proportion of any such extended list, and there-
fore we list on the pages immediately following a shorter
list of the leading varieties from any of which it will be
entirely safe to select. The reader may still have some
failures, but they will serve as stepping stones of knowledge
surely learned on which to build greater success.

DEPENDABLE VARIETIES

43

American Pillar
See page 44

A Baby Rambler
See page 44

Anna de Diesbach
See page 44

One Hundred Fifty-eight Choice Roses

Loving roses as we do; living among them and watching
them closely and constantly, under all sorts of conditions;
having before us reports upon roses from every country on
earth to which our roses go, and knowing, too, the prize-
winners and kinds that have pleased amateurs here and
almost everywhere; watching the new roses as they "come
out," testing all kinds and holding fast to those which are
good, — out of an experience like that has come our choice of
these 158 roses. See abbreviations, for class, growth, pur-
pose, and pruning, explained on pages 39 to 42.

ALBERIC BARRIER. W. Flowers in clusters, double, creamy white
with canary-yellow center; fragrant. Leaves bronzy red in spring and
glossy; almost evergreen, and not liable to be troubled with insects.
Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, banks, etc. Prune 6, 7—.

ALEXANDER HILL GRAY. T. Flowers deep lemon-yellow, which
intensifies as the blooms develop; large, of deep substance and
perfect formation. Gold Medal, N. R. S. Garden, bedding, cut-
flower. Prune 4.

ALISTER STELLA GRAY (Golden Rambler). C.T. Flowers rich
apricot-yellow, changing to white with yellow center; delightfully
fragrant and constant in bloom. Moderately vigorous. Pillar,
pergola, arch, trellis. Needs winter-protection. Prune, 5, 7+.

AMERICAN BEAUTY, CLIMBING. W. Flowers deep pink to
crimson; fragrant. Produces hundreds of perfect blooms at one
time. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, porch, etc. Prune, 6, 7 — .

44 HOW TO GROW ROSES

AMERICAN PILLAR. Mult. Flowers chaste pink; single; large, 3 to
4 inches across; in large clusters. Leaves almost evergreen. Very
vigorous. Has attractive, brilliant red hips in autumn. Pergolas,
pillar, etc. Prune 6, 7. (See illustration in color, on title-page.)

AMY ROBSART. S.B. Flowers deep rose-pink, beautifully^ tinted.
Leaves deliciously scented. Hedge, pillar, arch, pergola. Vigorous.
Prune, 6, 7.

ANNA DE DIESBACH. H.P. Flowers rose; fragrant; profuse.
Garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration, page 43.)

ANNE OF GEIERSTEIN. S.B. Flowers crimson. Foliage fragrant.
. Hedge, pillar, arch, pergola. Vigorous. Prune, 6, 7.

ANTOINE RIVOIRE (H.T). Creamy white to deeper yellow and
peachy pink center. Vigorous. Garden and bedding. Prune 3.

ARTHUR R. GOODWIN. H.T. Buds and flowers rich coppery
orange-red which shades to salmon-pink as the flower ages; very
lasting; blooms large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune' 3.

BABY DOROTHY (Maman Levavasseur, or Pink Baby Rambler).
P. Flowers bright pink; incessant bloomer, often having 100 to 200
blossoms. Dwarf, 20 in. Bedding, edging. Prune .4. (See illustration
in color, page 117.)

BABY RAMBLER, RED (Mme. Norbert Levavasseur). P. Bright red;
dwarf. Bedding, edging. Prune 4.

BEAUTE DE LYON. Per. Flowers coral-red, slightly shaded with
yellow; large and full. Garden, bedding. Prune 4.

BEAUTY OF ROSEMAWR. B. Flowers rich carrnine-rose, veined
with creamy white. Very floriferous. Garden, bedding. Prune 4. .

BIRDIE BLYE. Mult. Flowers bright satiny rose. Continual bloomer.
Grows 4 to 6 feet. Pillar, bush. Prune 5.

BLANC DOUBLE DE COUBERT. R. Flowers white, double, large

and showy. Very hardy. Vigorous. Hedge, bush. Prune, 5, 7 — .

BLANCHE MQREAU, M. Flowers pure white; large and full.
Bedding. Prune 3.

BRILLIANT. H.T. Flowers brilliant scarlet. Free bloomer. Garden,
bedding. Prune 2.

BRIDESMAID. T. Flowers rose-pink, crimson-shaded; full and fra-
grant. Bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q. (See illus-
tration in color, page 103.)

CANDEUR LYONNAISE. H.P. Flowers pure white, sometimes
tinted with very pale sulphur-yellow. A seedling from Frau Karl
Druschki. Vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q.

CECILE BRUNNER (Sweetheart). P. Flowers small and dainty,
rosy pink on rich creamy white ground. Very floriferous and deli-
ciously fragrant. Garden, bedding, edging. Prune 5.

With petals fashioned like sea-shells, tinted and toned in shades
of rose and pink, superlatives fail in describing the satisfactory beauty
of KILLARNEY, the renowned Hybrid Tea Rose.

Fortunate it is for Rose-lovers that Mother Nature has been so
generous in giving us so many members in the Killarney family,
all of them rare beauties, such as Killarney Brilliant, Killarney
Queen and White Killarney.

For open-ground planting under different conditions of climate,
this Killarney Rose family may be depended upon to repay bounti-
fully the attention and care which all Roses should receive.

46

HOW TO GROW ROSES

CHAMPION OF THE WORLD (Mrs. De Graw). B. Flowers rich,

rosy pink; large, full and deliciously sweet. Free bloomer. Garden,

bedding. Prune 5.
CHATEAU DE CLOS VOUGEOT. H.T. Flowers velvety maroon,

shaded fiery red, very dark. Garden. Prune 2. (See illustration,
page 47.)
CHRISTINE WRIGHT. W. Flowers clear wild-rose-pink; beautiful

in bud. Foliage large, thick, leathery. Pillar, arch, arbor, trellis.

Prune, 6, 7*
CLIO. H.P. Flowers flesh-color, shaded pink; large; fine form. Very

vigorous. Garden. A very choice variety. Prune I for Ex., 3 for Q.

CONRAD F. MEYER. R. Flowers clear silvery rose; large, per-
fectly double, elegantly formed; very fragrant. Garden, bush, or
hedge. Very hardy. Prune 6+.

CONSTANCE. Per. Flowers beautiful cadmium-yellow passing to
golden yellow. Bud long, orange-yellow streaked with crimson.
Foliage glossy. Garden, bedding. Prune 5.

CORONATION. H.P. Flowers shading from flesh to bright shrimp-
pink; immense size. Garden. Prune I for Ex., 3 for Q.

COUNTESS CLANWILLIAM. H.T. Flowers delicate peach-pink
at the base of the petals, which are flamed and heavily edged with
deep cherry-red. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

t '. ."! mimji" "' _auuiu" " . -...I '"' • •••• " •-• " -oTi~ -

An all-summer show of bloom. An example of what Baby Ramblers will

do in a bed

ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 47

Chateau de CIos Vougeot (see p. 46)

Duchess of Wellington

CRESTED MOSS. M. Flowers choice pink, and heavily mossed. A
lovely old favorite. Bedding. Prune 3.

DEVON I ENS IS. T. Flowers creamy white with rosy center. Very
full. An old-time favorite. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

DR. W. VAN FLEET. W. Flowers rich flesh-color. Stems 18 inches
long. Choice. Very vigorous. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7—.

DOROTHY PERKINS. W. Flowers beautiful shell-pink; free-
bloomer; large clusters. Most popular rose in its class and color,
and blooms in time for use at June weddings. Very vigorous. Arches,
porches, pergolas, etc. Prune 6, 7 — . (See illustration in color, page 1 2.)

DOROTHY PERKINS, WHITE. W. Flowers snow-white; free-
bloomer; large clusters. Very vigorous. Habit like Pink Dorothy
Perkins. Arches, porches, pergolas, etc. Prune 6, 7—.

DUCHESSE DE BRABANT. T. Flowers deep rosy pink, edged with
silver. Has been extensively planted about the White House, at
Washington, D. C., a free bloomer. Bedding. Prune 4.

DUCHESS OF WELLINGTON. H.T. Flowers intense saffron-
yellow. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3.

ECARLATE. H.T. Flowers intense dazzling scarlet, semi-double,
showing beautiful long golden anthers in center. An incessant
bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 3.

ELLEN POULSEN. T.P. Flowers brilliant pink; full, sweet-scented.
Very floriferous. Garden, bedding, edging. Prune 3.

ERNA TESCHENDORFF. P. Flowers rich crimson, freely produced.
An improved Crimson Baby Rambler. Bedding, edging. Prune 3.

48

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Frau Karl Druschki Gen. Jacqueminot

Gloire Lyonnaise
See page 49

ETOILE DE FRANCE. H.T. Flowers intense, brilliant crimson;
extra-large, double; very free bloomer; fragrant; buds large, pointed.
Vigorous. Bedding. A choice variety. Prune 2.

ETOILE DE LYON. T. Flowers bright sulphur-yellow; very double;
fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 4.

EXCELSA. (Red Dorothy Perkins). W. Iridescent rosy crimson. Very
vigorous. Late-flowering. Fine in every way. Arch, porch, trellis,
etc. Prune 6, 7 — .

FLORENCE PEMBERTON. H.T. Flowers creamy white, suffused
pink; large, full, perfect form; high-pointed center. Bush, garden.
Prune 2.

FRAU KARL DRUSCHKI (White American Beauty). H.P. Flowers
pure snow-white; immense (4 to 5 inches across), perfectly double.
The finest pure white rose in this class; not fragrant. Vigorous.
Bedding, bush, garden. Prune I for Ex., 3 for Q.

GARDENIA. W. Flowers yellow, changing to creamy white; fragrant;
free bloomer. Very vigorous; creeping. Prune 6, 7—. (See illustra-
tion in color, page 40.)

GENERAL JACQUEMINOT. H.P. Flowers brilliant crimson,
velvety; fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden, pot, and standard.
Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 70.)

GENERAL MACARTHUR. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson-scarlet;
fragrant. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 2.

GENERAL- SUPERIOR ARNOLD-JANSSEN. H.T. Flowers
deep glowing carmine, large, and freely produced. Garden, bedding.
Prune 2.

GEORGE DICKSON. H.T. Flowers velvety dark crimson, back of
petals heavily veined with deep, pure crimson-maroon. Garden,
bedding. Prune 2.

ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 49

Lyon Rose
See page 52

Gruss an Teplitz

Kaiserin Aug. Victoria
See page 50

GLOIRE DE CHEDANE GUINOISSEAU. H.P. Flowers bright yer-
milion-red with velvety shadings. Choice new variety. Bedding,
garden. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q.

GLOIRE LYONNAISE. H.P. Flowers pale lemon; large. Very vigor-
ous. Garden, bedding. A grand rose; the nearest to yellow of any
of the Hybrid Perpetuals. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 forQ. (See illustration,
page 48.)

GLORY OF MOSSES. M. Flowers blush-color. Very hardy. Bedding.
Prune 3.

GRUSS AN AACHEN. P. Flowers flesh-pink and yellow; very double
and free-flowering; vigorous. Edging, bedding. Prune 4.

GRUSS AN TEPLITZ. H.T. Flowers bright crimson; free bloomer.
Fragrant, hardy, vigorous. Garden, bedding, and bush. Prune 5.

GRUSS AN TEPLITZ, CLIMBING. C.H.T. Flowers bright crimson.
Free bloomer; vigorous. Porch, pillar, arch, trellis. Prune 4.

HARISON'S YELLOW. A.B. Flowers intense clear golden yellow.
Early bloomer. Very hardy. Bush, hedge. Prune 6.

HARRY KIRK. T. Flowers deep sulphur-yellow with edge of petals
lighter; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

HELEN GOOD. T. Flowers delicate pink, shaded deeper pink at the
edges; fragrant. Somewhat like Maman Cochet. Garden, bedding.
Prune 2.

HENRI MARTIN. M. Flowers bright rosy red; fragrant; large. Free
bloomer; vigorous. Fine in its class. Prune 3.

HERMOSA. C. Flowers pink, in clusters; fragrant. Free bloomer;
vigorous. Garden, bedding, and standard. Prune 3.

HIAWATHA. W. Flowers brilliant scarlet; single; bright and
effective. Vigorous. Arch, trellis, etc. Prune 6, 7 — .

50 HOW TO GROW ROSES

HOOS I ER BEAUTY. H.T. Flowers glowing crimson; one of the rich-
est-colored roses in cultivation; large, full, and deliciously sweet.
Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3.

HUGH DICKSON. H.P. New. Flowers brilliant crimson, shaded
scarlet; very large and full; fine form. Free-flowering and vigorous.
Highly perfumed. Garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q.

HUGO ROLLER. T. Flowers lemon-yellow and crimson. A tea-
scented "pictorial" flower. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q.

IRISH ELEGANCE. H.T. Flowers bronzy orange-scarlet in the
bud stage, which assumes apricot hues as the flower opens; large,
single variety. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration page 75.)

J. B. CLARK. H.P. Flowers intense, scarlet, shaded crimson. Vigor-
ous. Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in
color, page 21.)

JONKHEER J. L. MOCK. H.T. Flowers- carmine on the outside,

lovely soft pink inside; large; full, fine form and fragrant. Garden,

bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2.
JOSEPH HILL. H.T. Flowers pure salmon and gold, outside of petals

pinkish copper. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. '
JULIET. Per. Flowers old-gold on the outside while the inside is rosy

red, changing to deep rose as the flowers expand. Large, full, and

delightfully fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 4.

KAISERIN AUGUSTA VICTORIA. H.T. Flowers white, shading to
lemon; deep; full; fragrant. Free bloomer; vigorous. Garden; also
cut-flower. Cannot be too highly recommended. Prune 3.

KILLARNEY. H.T. Flowers brilliant pink; long, pointed buds. Free
bloomer; moderately vigorous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. A
great favorite. Prune 3. (See illustration in color, page 45:)

KILLARNEY BRILLIANT. H.T. Flowers larger, more double, and
a deeper pink than the parent Killarney; fragrant. A free bloomer.
Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3.

LADY ALICE STANLEY. H.T. Flowers deep coral-rose and pale
flesh, large, exceptionally full, very lasting when cut. Garden, bed-
.ding, cut-flower. Prune 3.

LADY HILLINGDON. T. Flowers deep apricot-yellow, shading to
orange. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2. (See illustration,
page 52.)

LADY MARY WARD. H.T. Flowers rich orange, shaded deeper
orange with metallic veneering. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

LADY PENZANCE. S.B. Flowers soft coppery color. Lord Pen-
zance Hybrid. Leaves deliciously scented. Hedge, pillar, arch,
porch. Prune 6, 7 — .

LA FRANCE. H.T. Flowers silvery rose, changing to pink; fine form;
sweet; large; lovely buds. Moderately vigorous. Garden, bush,
standard, and cut-flower. Prune 2. (See illustration, page 53.)

LA TOSCA. H.T. Flowers rose. Free bloomer; good vigorous. Gar-
den, bush, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q.

Among the pink Hybrid Perpetual Roses, MRS. JOHN LAING
stands well in the lead,— not so large as Paul Neyron, but more free in
bloom, with excellent form, clear color and rich fragrance.

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Lady Hillingdon (see page 50)

Mme. Camille

LAURENT CARLE. H.T. Flowers brilliant, velvety carmine; large
and perfect; intensely fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

LEON IE LAMESCH. P. Flowers vary from cochineal-red in the bud
to glowing coppery red, marked with orange when the bloom opens.
Very floriferous. Garden, bedding. Prune 3.

LOUISE CATHERINE BRESLAU. Per. Flowers shrimp-pink,
shaded with reddish coppery orange and chrome-yellow on the
reverse of petals. Garden, bedding. Prune 5.

LOUISE WELTER (Baby Tausendschon). P. Flowers deep pink to
white. Identical in color with the popular climbing Tausendschon, or
Thousand Beauties. Bedding, edging. Prune 5.

LYON ROSE. H.T. Flowers salmon-pink shaded chrome-yellow; full;
globular; fragrant. Vigorous. Hardy. Bedding. Constant bloomer.
Said to be beyond competition. Prune 3. (See illustration, page 49.)

MME. ALFRED CARRIERE. N. Flowers cream-white, tinged pale
yellow. Large, full, double, and sweet. Vigorous grower. Porch, arch,
trellis. Prune 7.

MME. CAMILLE. T. Flowers flesh, changing to salmon; large, full;
sweet. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2.

MME. CAROLINE TESTOUT. H.T. Flowers clear pink, edged sil-
very rose. Magnificent variety. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See
illustration in color, page 12.)

MME. CHARLES LUTAUD. H.T. Flowers deep chrome-yellow,
sometimes tinged rosy scarlet. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MME. EDMOND ROSTAND. H.T. Flowers pale flesh, shaded with
salmon, center reddish orange — distinct and charming. Garden,
bedding. Prune 5.

ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 53

Magna Charta

Killarney
See page 50

La France
See page 50

MME. EDOUARD HERRIOT (The Daily Mail Rose). Per. The
most unique variety, recently introduced. Flowers medium size,
semi-double, superbly colored, coral-red shaded with yellow and
bright rosy scarlet, passing to prawn-red. Garden, bedding. Prune 5.

MME. EUGENE MARLITT. B. Flowers carmine-red; fragrant;
free bloomer. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 4, tip severely.

MME. JULES GROLEZ. H.T. Flowers china rose, passing to clear,
rich satiny pink. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration,
page 59.)

MME. LEON PAIN. H.T. Flowers silvery salmon, center orange-
yellow. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MME. MELANIE SOUPERT. H.T. Flowers salmon-yellow, suffused
carmine; fragrant. Free bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MME. RAVARY. H.T. Flowers rich orange-yellow. Free-blooming
and deliciously fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MME. SECOND WEBER. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh-color; deep
pink when opening. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MADISON. T. Flowers creamy white, sometimes tinged pink;
similar to "Bride" in form but superior to it; deliciously fragrant.
Garden, bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 4 for Q.

MAGNA CHARTA. H.P. Flowers pink, suffused with carmine; extra
large; full; fragrant. Free bloomer. Leaves light green. Vigorous.
Bedding. A choice variety. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q. (See cut.)

MAMAN COCHET. T. Flowers flesh-pink suffused light rose; large,
double, fragrant. Fine. Vigorous. Garden, bush. Prune 2.

MAMAN COCHET, PINK, CLIMBING. C.T. New. Flowers like
those of Maman Cochet. Porch, pergola, arch, etc. Prune 4.

WHAT FULLNESS OF JOY

FROM A GARDEN LIKE THIS!

56

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Miss Alice de Rothschild
See page 57

Mrs. Wakefield Christie Miller
See page 57

MAM AN COCHET, WHITE. T. Flowers snow-white, with outside
petals tipped pink in the autumn. Large and fragrant. Garden,
bedding, boutonniere. Prune 2.

MARECHAL NIEL. N. Flowers deep yellow; large; globular; full;
sweet. A most beautiful climber. Hardy only in the South. Vigor-
ous. Porch, pillar, pot, standard, etc. Prune 5.

MARGARET DICKSON HAMILL. H.T. Flowers delicate straw-
color, edge flushed with carmine. Fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MARIE GUILLOT. T. Flowers pure snowy white, large and full.
Very fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MARIE PAVIE. P. Flowers white with delicate rose center. Un-
surpassed as a bush cemetery rose. Blooms unceasingly and is quite
hardy. Garden, bedding. Prune 3.

MARIE VAN HOUTTE. T. Flowers pale yellow, edged with rose;
large; full; fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2.

MARQUISE DE SINETY. H.T. Buds rich yellow-ocher suffused with
carmine. The expanded flower is yellow, shaded rosy red. Garden,
bedding. Prune 2.

MARY, COUNTESS OF ILCHESTER. H.T. Flowers beautiful
crimson-carmine; very large and double. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MARY LOVETT. W. Flowers pure pearly white; same type as the
beautiful Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pergola, arch, etc. Prune 6, 7 — .

MAY QUEEN. W. Flowers clear bright pink and deliciously sweet.
A great bloomer. Pergola, arch, pillar, bush, hedge. Prune 6.

ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 57

Mrs. Aaron Ward

Miss Cynthia Forde

MISS ALICE DE ROTHSCHILD. T. Flowers rich yellow. We call
it bush Marechal Niel, although it is hardier. Garden, bedding.
Prune 2. (See illustration, page 56.)

MISS CYNTHIA FORDE. H.T. Flowers deep brilliant rose-pink.
Sweetly perfumed. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MOLLY SHARMAN-CRAWFORD. T. Flowers delicate white,
passing to pure white. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MRS. AARON WARD. H.T. Flowers Indian yellow, sometimes
tinged salmon-rose. Garden, bedding; boutonniere. Prune 2.

MRS. A. R. WADDELL. H.T. Flowers coppery red suffused with
salmon. Incessant bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MRS. B. R. CANT. T. Flowers rose-red; large, full, perfectly double;
fragrant. Constant bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune 3.

MRS. HERBERT STEVENS. T. Flowers white with center shaded
fawn and peach. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

MRS. JOHN LAING. H.P. Flowers soft pink; large, full; fragrant.
Free bloomer; vigorous. Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q.
(See illustration in color, page 51.)

MRS. WAKEFIELD CHRISTIE MILLER. H.T. Flowers soft
pearly blush. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See cut, page 56.)

MURIEL DICKSON. Per. Flowers deep reddish copper in the bud
state paling with age to cherry-red with coppery shadings. Garden,
bedding, cut-flower. Prune 4.

•nmno

mmu

nrrrrrr

been wonderfully

Hardy Climbing Roses
ring the last fifteen years by the addition of such
DOROTHY PERKINS (as pictured above); also

The list of
enriched during
varieties as
White Dorothy and Excelsa, or Red Dorothy.

Their long, willowy branches, easily trained over almost any
object, will, with reasonable care and nourishment, often attain
a length of 20 feet in one season.

ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 59

MY MARYLAND. H.T. Flowers lovely salmon-pink, very freely
produced on long stems. Garden, bedding, cutting. Prune 2.

NEW CENTURY. R. Flowers clear flesh-pink with light red center;
deliciously sweet; fragrance like the wild rose. Extremely hardy.
Hedge, bush, or garden. Prune 6.

OPHELIA. H.T. Flowers salmon-flesh-color, shaded with rose.
Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 2.

ORLEANS. P. Flowers vivid rosy crimson. Garden, bedding, edging.
Prune 3.

PAUL NEYRON. H.P. Flowers deep rose; fragrant; opens flat. Vig-
orous. Bedding, garden. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q.

PERLE DES JARDINS. T. Flowers deep yellow; very large, full, and
fragrant. Garden, bedding. Prune 2. (See illustration in color,
page 32.)

PERSIAN YELLOW. A.B. Flowers deep, rich, golden yellow.
Garden, bush, hedge. Prune 6. (See illustration in color, page 63.)

PHILADELPHIA RAMBLER. Mult. Flowers intense crimson;
double; in large clusters. Very vigorous. Arch, porch, etc. Hardy.
Prune 6 — , 7+.

PRINCE CAMILLE DE ROHAN. H.P. Flowers velvety crimson;
large. Vigorous. Bedding. Prune 2 for Ex., 3 for Q.

PRINCESS ADELAIDE. M. Flowers bright rosy pink, beautifully
mossed: double and sweet. Garden, bedding. Prune 3.

QUEEN'S / SCARLET. C. Flowers rich velvety scarlet, size
medium. j| Constant in bloom. Garden, bedding. Prune 3.

6o

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Rayon d'Or

Wichmoss (see page 62)

RADIANCE. H.T. Flowers rosy carmine and pink; fine for mass
planting. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

RAYON D'OR. Per. Flowers cadmium-yellow as they begin to open,
toning to sunflower-yellow when fully expanded. Garden, bedding.
Prune 2.

RHEA REID. H.T. Flowers rich red; very double; fragrant. Garden,
bedding. The "Grand Prize Rose" of Paris for 1908. Prune 3. (See
illustration, page 61.)

ROGER LAMBELIN. H.P. Flowers glowing crimson with pure white
around the edge of each petal. Unique. Garden, bedding. Prune I
for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 112.)

ROSERAIE DE L'HAY. R. Flowers bright red and intensely
fragrant; free bloomer. Hedge, bush, or garden. Prune 5, 7+.

RUGOSA ALBA. R. Flowers single, pure white, five petals; highly
scented. Makes pretty red berries which last well into winter. Hedge,
bush. Prune 6. (See illustration in color, page 87.)

RUGOSA RUBRA. R. Flowers single, bright rosy crimson; highly
scented. Large red berries. Hedge, bush. Prune 6.

SAFRANO. T. Flowers apricot-yellow; fragrant; semi-double. Con-
stant bloomer; vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3.

SILVER MOON. W. Flowers very large, single, brilliant silvery
white with a mass of golden yellow stamens in center. Vigorous.
Creeping. Prune 6, 7 — .

ROSES FOR AMERICAN GARDENS 61

•

Rhea Reid (see page 60)

Taft Rose

SIR THOMAS LIPTON. R. Flowers pure white; fragrant; con-
stant bloomer. Leaves beautiful. Vigorous. Hedge, bush, or garden.
Very hardy. Prune 5, 7+.

SOLEIL D'OR. (Sun of Gold.) Per. Flowers reddish gold, orange-yel-
low, nasturtium-red, and rosy pink. Spicy orange fragrance. Gar-
den, bedding. Prune 4.

SOUV. DE GUSTAV PRAT. H.T. Flowers clear light sulphur-yel-
low. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

SOUV. DE LA MALMAISON. B. Flowers lovely creamy flesh with
rose center, elegantly shaded. Garden, bedding. Prune 3.

SOUV. DE PIERRE NOTTING. T. Flowers apricot-yellow, shaded
orange. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

SUNBURST. H.T. Flowers intense orange-copper and golden yellow.
Extra fine. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

SUNRISE. T. Flowers peachy red, beautifully shaded with orange
and crimson; especially good in the South. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

SWEETBRIAR (R. rubiginosa). S.B. Flowers pink; single. Vig-
orous. Hedge, bush. Foliage delightfully fragrant. Prune 6, 7+.

TAFT ROSE. H.T. Flowers rich salmon-pink shaded at the base
with chrome-yellow. Profuse bloomer. Garden, bedding. Prune 2.

TAUSENDSCHON. Mult. Flowers white to deep pink. Very vig-
orous. Porch, arch, etc. Has few thorns. Fine. Prune 6, 7 — . (See
illustration in color, page 78.)

62 HOW TO GROW ROSES

A tasteful arrangement of Ulrich Brunner roses

ULRICH BRUNNER. H.P. Flowers rich red; fragrant; petals broad,
round, thick. Vigorous. Garden, bedding, and standard. A standard
variety. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q. (See illustration in color, page 94.)

WHITE KILLARNEY. H.T. Flowers pure white; long, pointed
buds. Vigorous. Garden, bedding, cut-flower. Prune 3.

WICHMOSS. (The Climbing Moss Rose.) W. Flowers light pink,
reverse of petals darker. Very hardy. Pillar, arch, pergola, trellis.
Prune 7. (See illustration, page 60.)

WICHURAIANA. W. Flowers pure white; single. Leaves glossy,
free from insects. Will grow anywhere. Splendid for holding banks
from washing. Vigorous. Creeping. Prune 6, 7+.

WILLIAM ALLEN RICHARDSON. N. Flowers coppery yellow,
tinged with carmine; deliciously fragrant. Not hardy. Splendid for
the South. Vigorous. Porch, pillar. Prune 5.

WM. R. SMITH. T. Blush -pink; large; full. Vigorous grower.
Garden, bedding. Prune i for Ex., 3 for Q.

WILLIAM SHEAN. H.T. Flowers pure pink with delicate ochery vena-
tion; very large. Vigorous. Bedding, garden. Prune 3.

WILLOWMERE. H.T. Flowers rich shrimp-pink, shaded yellow
in the center. Garden, bedding. Prune 4.

YORK AND LANCASTER. Damask. Flowers striped red and white.
Very hardy. A very old and rather rare rose. Associated with the
"Wars of the Roses." Garden. Prune 4. (See illustration, page 7.)

The beautiful PERSIAN YELLOW Rose Is com-
mended highly, especially to those living in the colder
sections of our country.

Its rich coloring and hardiness, combined with its early
season of bloom and fragrant young foliage, give it a
value among Roses comparable to the value of gold
among metals.

It blooms brilliantly and abundantly, though not con-
tinually; and, above all, it is so hardy as to stand severe
winters, without protection, almost anywhere.

64

HOW TO GROW ROSES

La France. Beautiful on the lawn; just as fine in vases

Roses for Various Purposes and Uses
Twelve Star Varieties

In selecting the best roses, there are so many qualities to
be considered that it requires a large collection and unusual
opportunities to watch and study them under every possible
condition they are likely to encounter. We have been
fortunate in having unusual facilities for this experimental
work. Furthermore, our observation extends over a long
period of years, during which, each season, we have obtained
and tried out all new sorts of promise, and thus aim to have
the best obtainable constantly on trial. We also travel
extensively and visit rose-gardens in many states of the
Union. Due regard has been given to the published experi-
ences of other dependable rose-lovers, in reaching our own
conclusions.

To pass our severe test, a rose must prove itself a vigorous
grower and an abundant bloomer, and must also excel its
rivals either in size, color, form, fragrance, or habit.

So many friends ask us to select their roses that we believe
they must have read Pemberton's advice; "State your

ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 65

requirements to a friend who is an expert, and leave the
selection to him." These pages answer your questions before
you ask them; they save you the expense of experiments;
and, if you do your part, you can count on a reward of
good bloom.

Frau Karl Druschki. (H.P.) Jonkheer J. L. Mock. (H.T.)

Kaiserin Augusta Victoria. (H.T.) Sunburst. (H.T.) Yellow.

White Maman Cochet. (T.) Hugh Dickson. (H.P.) Red.

Coronation. (H.P.) Pink. Prince Camille de Rohan. (H.P.)

PauINeyron. (H.P.) Pink.
Wm. R. Smith. (T.) Pink.

GrussanTepIitz. (H.T.) Red.
Mme. Eugene Marlitt. (B.C)
Red.

Twelve Cold Country Roses

Here are roses selected from among those that live out-
doors over winter and thrive in localities north of the lati-
tude of New York and Chicago. These laugh at zero weather.

White and Light — Page Pink, continued — Page

May Queen. (H.C.) .... 56
Willowmere. (H.T.). . . 62
Red-
Hugh Dickson. (H.P.).. . . -50
Roseraie de I'Hay. (H.R.)..

g

Frau Karl Druschki. (H.P.) . 48
Sir Thomas Lipton. (H.R.) . 61
Conrad F. Meyer. (H.R.) . . 46
Gloire Lyonnaise. (H.P.).. .49
Pink-
Paul Neyron. (H.P.).
Coronation. (H.P.). .

Ulrich Brunner. "(H.P.). . . 62
Gloire de Chedane Guinois-

seau (H.P.) . . . .49

W^^^

Hybrid Rugosas. iH| Invaluable for cold country planting. Note
the beautiful foliage

66

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Nearly every home may have a dozen bushes like these

Twelve Sunny South Roses

If you live on the sunny side of the frost-line and wish a set
of superior sorts for a warm country, here are twelve that we
know you will find supremely satisfying.

These are our favorite twelve in a climate where there is
little danger from frost. They will winter well as far north as
Washington, D. C.

Pink — Page

Maman Cochet. (T.) . . 53
Mme. Camilla. (T.) . . . 52
Radiance. (H.T.) ... 60

Red-
Mrs. B. R. Cant. (T.) . . 57
Magnafrano. (H.T.) . .113
Rhea Reid. (H.T.) . . . 60

Yellow — Page

Etoile de Lyon. (T.) 48

Duchess of Wellington. (H.T.) . 47

Safrano. (T.) 60

Sunburst. (H.T.) 61

White, Tinted—

Marie Van Houtte. (T). ... 56
Madison. (T.) 53

ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES

67

Climbing Roses That Will Cover Quickly,
Trellises, Porches, Buildings, Etc.

Every home has room for a few climbers, because vines
around a house decorate it as nothing else does, and to have
vines that will hand you forth roses — imagine the pleasure
of that!

Where you live makes a difference; roses that will grow
to cover your house with bloom in northern New England
are not the kinds to do the same in the sunny South. So,
think of these things when you order, or, better still, leave it
all to your grower, who will select to suit your home and
climate. For example, here are three sets, each one good for
the section indicated. Order accordingly, and you will get
pleasing results.
(See list of climbing roses recommended for this purpose on page 68.)

Dorothy Perkins roses in cold New England, growing over a cottage of
Thos. W. Lawson, Dreamwold, Massachusetts.

68

HOW TO GROW ROSES

We recommend the following roses for the uses described
on the preceding page:

For a Warm Climate — "Everblooming Climbers" — Page

Reine Marie Henrietta. Red 115

Mrs. Robert Peary. White 115

Marechal Niel. Yellow 56

Climbing Pink Maman Cochet. Pink 53

For a Temperate Climate (latitude of Philadelphia and New York} —

Dorothy Perkins. Pink 47

Excelsa (Red Dorothy). Red 48

White Dorothy Perkins. White 47

Gardenia. Yellow 48

For a Cold Climate (where winters are long and severe) —

Dr. W. Van Fleet. Pink 47

MaryLovett. White 56

Ruby Queen. Red 115

Tausendschon. Pink and white 61

Archways, Arbors, Summer-Houses, Pergolas, and
for Beautifying Boundaries, Fences, Etc.

Certain roses
lend themselves
admirably to being
trained over objects
on which they can
have support. The
best kinds for such
a purpose, we think,
are:

Dorothy Perkins. Page

Pink 47

Ruby Queen. Red 115
American Pillar,

Single. Pink . . 44
Excelsa (Red

Dorothy Perkins). 48
Tausendschon.

Blush 61

Gardenia. Yellow . 48

Quite as pretty
an effect may be
had with certain
other kinds by

Effective uses of the Wichuraiana

ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 69

A lovely spot in the famous Graveraux Rose-garden near Paris

allowing them to grow over a fence, as shown on page 71.
Their willowy vine-like branches are very graceful, the
foliage is shiny and almost evergreen, giving these the
advantage over the Ramblers of being attractive even when
not in bloom and almost the entire year.

Alberic Barbier

Alba rubrifolia. White . .
Dorothy Perkins. Pink .
Dorothy Perkins. White.
Excelsa .

Page

43
114

47
47
48

Page

Gardenia 48

Silver Moon 60

Universal Favorite. Pink. . .115

Wichmoss 62

Wichuraiana, Single. White. . 62

The above-mentioned roses flower during one period of
the year only, but are hardier for cold climates than the fol-
lowing, which, if well cared for and properly nourished, will
continue to produce some bloom during summer and autumn:

Page

Climbing Gruss an Teplitz. Red 49

Climbing Pink Maman Cochet 53

Climbing White Killarney . • 115

Shower of Gold. Yellow; shiny foliage 115

Climbing Clothilde Soupert. Blush 115

Climbing Killarney. Pink 115

Reine Marie Henriette 115

Mme. Caroline Testout Climbing 115

THE STANDARD HYBRID PERPETUAL, GEN. JACQUEMINOT

Do you know the quaint custom that still holds in one of the country
towns of Pennsylvania, whereby, in accordance with the will of Baron
Stiegel, there is paid for the church property, with an appropriate anniver-
sary celebration, an annual rental of one red Rose?

No other Rose can be counted upon for this service so surely as the dear
old favorite "Jack."

ROSES FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES 71

For Beautifying Banks, Stumps, or Other

Unsightly Objects

The Wichuraianas are ideal cover-roses. They are remark-
ably free from both insects and disease, with foliage clean,
bright, and shiny the entire year.

The single-flowered sorts bear bright berries, which the
birds like. Enterprising railroad companies use these to hold
embankments in place; they also add to the roadside beauty.
One plant will easily cover 6 square feet of ground.

Page

Alberic Barbier. Shiny foliage; creamy white 43

Gardenia (Hardy Marechal Niel). Yellow 48

Universal Favorite (Double Pink Memorial) 115

Wichuraiana. Single. White 62

Most of the Wichuraianas are also well suited for cover-
ing purposes.

Here is a beautiful hint, easily and cheaply adopted by anyone whose
fences are bare. See varieties mentioned above

HOW TO GROW ROSES

For Screen Planting and Borders, or Beautifying
the Unsightly

Almost every lawn might be improved, if some uncomely
object or portion in the rear were screened from view. The
right kind of roses will do it, and give you something beauti-
ful instead. There are two ways to do it: (i) put up a trellis
and train over it the roses named in the above section; or
(2) if it be a low screen, you need only to plant the tall,
erect-growing Rugosa roses. And if you want a luxuriant
growth, dig the ground deeply and give these roses plenty
of rich nourishment.

Page

Hugonis 109

May Queen 56

Ruby Queen. Ruby-red . . .115
Sir Thomas Lipton. White.. . 61

Page

Birdie BIye. Pink 44

Conrad F. Meyer. Silvery pink 46
Christine Wright. Pink . ... 46
Harison's Yellow 49

These eight varieties, if set in one group, should be placed
at least 2 to 3 feet apart.

Wonderfully pleasing effects may be obtained for screen-
ing out undesirable objects or views by the erection of trellis
formations. These may be made of various designs and
materials; but, for roses, wood seems to be preferred. Over
these train the roses recommended on pages 68 and 69.

A fence made beautiful with Wichuraiana roses

ROSES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES

73

The Tree roses in the Bagatelle Gardens in Paris are much larger than
are customarily seen in American gardens. Some of these are 12 feet high,
having been budded with Wichuraianas that weep to the ground.

Standard or Tree Roses

Tree roses occupy very little ground space and are quite
imposing when planted among shrubbery or perennials. If
you arrange them along the sides of a walk they produce an
avenue effect (see page 13). A fine effect is produced by
planting them among or back of a collection of bush roses,
thus making a two-storied rose-bed, as it were.

It pays to have these come to you while dormant.

Frau Karl Druschki. (H.P.)
Snow-white.

Etoile de France. (H.T.) Good
red.

Paul Neyron. (H.P.) Immense;
rich pink.

Ulrich Brunner. (H.P.) Crimson-
scarlet.

Jonkheer J. L. Mock. (H.T.)
Imperial pink.

Gruss an Teplitz. (H.T.) Often
called the "reddest of red
roses;" fragrant and free-
blooming.

Mme. Caroline Testout. (H.T.)
Clear cherry-red.

Mrs. Aaron Ward. (H.T.) Rich
yellow.

Pharisaer. (H.T.) Rosy white.

74

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Rose Hedges

These boundary markers are certainly coming to be more
and more popular as people learn about the splendid quali-
ties of the Rugosa roses, Sweetbriars, or Altaica for this pur-
pose. They are not neat, compact, and uniform in growth
as is a hedge of California Privet, but the thick, bushy mass
of glossy, crinkled foliage, especially of the Rugosa, gives
a particularly fine appearance. They are perfectly hardy in
the coldest winters and are more valuable because the foli-
age is not troubled with either insects or disease.

In warmer countries, or even in our own latitude, a single
row of a free-flowering, erect, bushy rose is sure to be pretty
and very satisfactory where one wishes simply to mark a
boundary, as, for example, between the vegetable- and flower-
garden. For this purpose, Gruss an Aachen, (see page 49) is
excellent. The small-flowered Polyanthas are also popular,
especially Baby Rambler, Marie Pavie, and Baby Dorothy.
The list could readily be extended, and each one would be well
worth planting. (See list of Polyanthas.)

Hybrid Wichuraianas, if given some support, make an excellent hedge

ROSES FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES

75

Roses for the Cemetery

For some cemeteries we recommend roses that almost care
for themselves — the Wichuraiana type. They creep like ivy
and make a mat of shiny foliage which is green for eleven
months.

Next to these, we like the dwarf, compact-growing, free-
flowering Polyanthas, especially the White Baby Rambler,
Gruss an Aachen, Marie Pavie, and Echo. If you can care
for bush roses, select from the "Best Yet" sets, according to
locality. If you want some of the sturdiest growers obtain-
able, choose from this list:

Page

Sir Thomas Lipton. (H. Rug.) White 6

Frau Karl Druschki. (H.P.) White 48

Mme. Plantier. White 75

Single Roses

These are an interesting
group in themselves and rep-
resented in various classes.
The single Irish roses are
best among the Hybrid
Teas.

Irish Elegance (see cut)
Irish Brightness
Irish Fireflame

The species are most
interesting specimens,
among which is Xan- £.
thina. One of the Jfefl
largest flowered
of the subspecies
is Altaica (see page
109).

ge^M

For Edging Beds

Polyanthas now offer an
assortment in nearly every
color-class (pages 113-114).

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Mme. Abel Chatenay

My Maryland

For "Forcing" under Glass or for Indoor

Winter Bloom

These varieties are grown by professional florists in glass-
houses where they can with nicety regulate the supply of
heat and moisture, to produce the long-stemmed "beauties"
seen in florists' windows. While a greenhouse or conserva-
tory is a wonderful help, indeed essential for best results,
some people have these same roses during the winter, bloom-
ing beautifully in their homes by growing them where they
have plenty of sunlight and air. A thing to remember is
that coal gas is very injurious to plant life, therefore must
be carefully guarded against. They are: American Beauty,
Hadley, Irish Fireflame, Jonkheer J. L. Mock, Killarney,
Killarney Brilliant, Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Lady Alice
Stanley, Lady Hillingdon, Madison, Mme. Abel Chatenay,
Mrs. Aaron Ward, Mrs. B. R. Cant, Mrs. Charles Russell,
Mrs. George Shawyer, My Maryland, Ophelia, Radiance,
Rhea Reid, Richmond, Sunburst, Wellesley, White Killarney.

EXPERT OPINIONS 77

Selections for Special Sections of the
United States of America

Those of our readers who live in the more thickly settled
sections of our country will recognize, in the following, our
dependence upon the modern scientific method of learning
the "best roses" for certain localities, i.e. the method of
actually testing them. We have had the good fortune to
visit personally and to know the rose experts in many sec-
tions, and they severally have been so kind as to give us the
benefit of their valuable experience, each in the form of a
list of roses they have found to thrive. We stand back of
these recommendations. Other lists which we offer of roses
best adapted for various purposes are bound to prove help-
ful as well as suggestive. (See pages 64 to 76.)

For the Pacific Northwest

Mr. J. A. Currey, of Portland, Oregon, sent us the follow-
ing list as the result of a vote of representative amateur and
professional growers in his part of the country, showing the
best roses for various purposes:

Twelve best roses Jor general cultivation

Frau Karl Druschki Mme. Melanie Soupert

Edward Mawley Maman Cochet

General MacArthur Miss Kate Moulton

Gruss an Teplftz Mrs. John Laing

Hugh Dickspn Richmond

Mme. Caroline Testout Ulrich Brunner

Six best climbing or rambling roses

American Pillar Mme. Caroline Testout, Climbing

Dorothy Perkins. Tausendschon

Mme. Alfred Carriere Wm. Allen Richardson

Six best red roses Jor general cultivation

Avoca J. B. Clark

General MacArthur Richmond

Hugh Dickson Ulrich Brunner

EXPERT OPINIONS 79

Roses for the Pacific Northwest, continued
Six best white roses for general cultivation

British Queen Kaiserin Augusta Victoria

Florence Pemberton Maman Cochet

Frau Karl Druschki Mrs. Foley Hobbs

Six best pink roses Jor general cultivation

Belle Siebrecht Maman Cochet

Lady Ashtown Miss Kate Moulton

Mme. Caroline Testout Mrs. John Laing

Six best yellow roses Jor general cultivation

Joseph Hill Mme. Ravary

Lady Hillingdon Mrs. Aaron Ward

Mme. Melanie Soupert Sunburst

For Minneapolis and Vicinity

Mr. Theodore Wirth, now superintendent of the parks of
Minneapolis, and formerly builder of the famous rose-garden
of Elizabeth Park, Hartford, Connecticut, recommends for
his section of the country the following list of roses:

Hybrid Perpetuals

Anna de Diesbach Frau Karl Druschki

Heinrich Schultheis Mme. Gabriel Luizet

Mrs. John Laing Ulrich Brunner

Paul Neyron Clio

Captain Hay ward Marshall P. Wilder

Hugh Dickson General Jacqueminot

Hybrid Teas

Gruss an Teplitz Kaiserin Augusta Victoria

Killarney, Pink and White Mme. Jules Grolez

La France General MacArthur

Caroline Testout Souvenir du President Carnot

Mary, Countess of Ilchester Maman Cochet, White and Pink

Climber Ramblers

Crimson Rambler Tausendschon. See illustration in

Goldfinch color on opposite page.

Wm. C. Egan Rosa setigera

8o

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Lady Alice Stanley

Roses for Minneapolis and
Vicinity, continued

Polyantbas

Mme. N. Levavasseur (Baby

Rambler)
Marie Pavfe
Mile. Cecile Brunner
Clothilde Soupert
Orleans

Mme. Zelia Bourgeois
Jessie

Gloire de Polyantha
Primula

Climbing Wichuraianas

Dorothy Perkins

Hiawatha

La Fiamma

The Farquhar Rose

Paradise

Minnehaha

For Central New York State

Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D., President of the Syracuse
(New York) Rose Society, recommends the following as the
best collection of twenty-five Hybrid Teas and Teas for
Syracuse and vicinity, considering hardiness, variety of color,
vigor of growth, and freedom of bloom :

Antoine Rivoire
British Queen
Chateau de CIos Vougeot
Duchess of Wellington
Florence Pemberton
General MacArthur
Gruss an Teplitz
Killarney, Pink
Killarney, White
Konigin Carola

Harry Kirk
Lady Hillingdon
Marie Van Houtte

Hybrid Teas

Lady Alice Stanley

Lady Ashtown

Laurent Carle

Lyon Rose

Mme. Melanie Soupert

Mme. Segond Weber

Miss Cynthia Forde

Mrs. Aaron Ward

Ophelia

Sunburst

Teas

Mrs. B. R. Cant
Wm. R. Smith

EXPERT OPINIONS 8i_

For Roslyn and Northwest Long Island

Admiral Aaron Ward recommends the selection given
below. It was based upon the following requirements: au-
tumn blooms indispensable; weak growers barred; also
plants of huge growth, like La Tosca or Gruss an Teplitz,
except for use in mass effects; flowers to be full, no thinner
than Pharisaer; climbers not included.

Pcrnetiana

Constance Mme. Edouard Harriot

Lyon Rose Willowmere

Tea

Mme. Antoine Pvlari Paula

Mme. Jean Dupuy. Wm. R. Smith

Marie Van Houtte

Hybrid Perpetual Bourbon

Frau Karl Druschki Souv. de la Malmaison

Hybrid Tea

Augustine Guinoisseau Mme. Leon Pain

Amateur Teyssier Mme. Melanie Soupert

Chateau de CIos Vougeot Mme. Ravary

Dean Hole Mme. Segond Weber

Duchess of Wellington Marquise de Sinety

Earl of Warwick Mons. Joseph Hill
General-Superior Arnold Janssen Mrs. Aaron Ward

General MacArthur Mrs. Amy Hammond

Geo. C. Waud Mrs. A. R. Waddell

Gruss an Teplitz Mrs. C. Hunter

Gustay Grunerwald Mrs. E. Powel

Konigin Carola Mrs. George Shawyer

Lady Alice Stanley Mrs. Harold Brocklebank

Lady Ashtown Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt

Lady Greenall Pharisaer

Laurent Carle Prince de Bulgarie

Lieut. Chaure Radiance

Mabel Drew Souv. du Pres. Carnot

Mme. Abel Chatenay St. Helena

Mme. Jules Bouche Viscountess Folkestone
Mme. Jules Grolez

NOTE. — Frau Karl Druschki, Gruss an Teplitz, and Mrs. A. R.
Waddell are too vigorous to be grown with the rest. Mrs. A. R. Wad-
dell, Mme. Edouard Herriot and Mme. Melanie Soupert, are semi-
double.

82

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Rose beds of one variety make a line effect

For Philadelphia and Vicinity

Dr. Robert Huey, the eminent amateur whose success
has been an inspiration to many others, and who is broadly
recognized as an authority on garden roses, recommends
the following varieties :

Antoine Rivoire

Betty

Caroline Testout

Mrs. MacKellar

Duchess of Wellington

Ellen Wilmott

George C. Waud

Jonkheer J. L. Mock

Joseph Hill

Killarney

Lady Alice Stanley

Lady Ashtown

Laurent Carle

Lyon

Hybrid Teas

Mabel Drew

Mme. Edouard Herriot

Mme. Hector Leuillot

Mme. Jules Bouche

Mme. Leon Pain

Mrs. Aaron Ward

Mrs. A. R. Waddell

Mrs. Harold Brocklebank

Pharisaer

Prince de Bulgarie

Robert Huey

Viscountess Folkestone

Willowmere

EXPERT OPINIONS

Roses for Philadelphia and Vicinity, continued

Frau Karl Druschki
Ulrich Brunner
Captain Hay ward
Oscar Cordel

Hybrid Perpetuals

Baroness Rothschild
Mrs. John Laing
Mrs. George Dickson
Susanne Marie Rodocanachi

Tea Roses (Hardy)

Hugo Roller
Safrano

Maman Cochet
White Maman Cochet
Harry Kirk

Climbing and Pillar Roses

Reine Marie Henriette Dorothy Perkins

Excelsa Hiawatha

Dr. W. Van Fleet Elisa Robichon
Gardenia

For Washington, D. C., and Points South

Dr. W. Van Fleet was the hybridizer of many excellent
roses, including especially the hardy climbers like American
Pillar, Dr. W. Van Fleet, Mary Lovett, and many others. He is
now associated with the Department of Agriculture at Wash-
ington, D. C., and gives us his opinion in the following lists:

Pink

Killarney, H.T.
Mme. Abel Chatenay, H.T.
Mme. Gabriel Luizet, H.P.
Maman Cochet, T.
Mrs. John Laing, H.P.

Cardinal, H.T.
Etoile de France, H.T.
General MacArthur, H.T.
Gruss an Teplitz, H.T.

My Maryland, H.T.
Paul Neyron, H.P.
Radiance, H.T.
Wm. R. Smith, T.

Red

J. B. Clark, H.P.
Richmond, H.T.
Ulrich Brunner, H.P.

White

Frau Karl Druschki, H.P.
Gloire Lyonnaise, H.P.
Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, H.T.

Killarney, White, H.T.
White Maman Cochet, T.

Etoile de Lyon, T.
Lady Hillingdon, T.

Yellow

Sunburst, H. T.

84

HOW TO GROW ROSES

For the South Atlantic and Gulf States

Some people are said to have been born with silver spoons
in their mouths, and correspondingly the young man who
recommends the following list, as proven among the choice
"doers" for North Carolina and the South, might be said to
have been "born with a rose in his buttonhole." He was able
as a schoolboy, to identify almost any rose by its foliage alone.
After several years in the South, with his excellent powers of
observation, we feel that he is well qualified to judge of the
roses that can be definitely depended upon for localities
corresponding to the west-central part of North Carolina.

Climbers

Gruss an Teplitz, Climbing
Kaiserin Augusta Victoria, Climb-
ing

Killarney, Climbing
Mme. Eugene Marlitt

Bush

Maman Cochet, Climbing
Marechal Niel
Reine Marie Henriette
Souv. of Wootton, Climbing

Alexander Hill Gray
Duchesse de Brabant
General MacArthur
Gruss an Aachen
Jonkheer J. L. Mock
La Tosca
Mme. Melanie Soupert

NOTE. — Practically all the vigorous-growing Bengals, Noisettes,
Teas, and Hybrid Teas are good for the South. — Editor.

Maman Cochet

Maman Cochet, White

Mrs. B. R. Cant

Radiance

Wellesley

Wm. R. Smith

EXPERT OPINIONS 85

For Chicago and the North

By W. C. EGAN

EDITOR'S NOTE. — People who live in the cold Northwest may
think it useless to attempt growing roses, but, as Dr. Bailey says,
"the success of the rose in this country is very largely a question of
the selection of adaptable varieties." The Lake Forest section, on the
west shore of Lake Michigan and north of Chicago, is typical of a
large area to the north and west. In this section there is no one
better able to speak from broad experience than W. C. Egan, the
eminent horticulturist of Highland Park. In response to our request
for a list of roses best suited to his cold country, he very generously
sent us a contribution which, without further comment, we are
most happy to present to our readers.

While the section bordering Lake Michigan from Chicago
northward, called the North Shore district, is not a rosarian's
paradise, we can have roses from early June until frost.
This we can accomplish with but little care, except in the
case of the Hybrid Teas, which require proper attention.
Given this, they flood us with a shower of bloom that makes
them worthy of cultivation, even if we treat them as annuals,
and plant fresh stock each year. "Expensive!" you say.
Well, yes, to a certain extent; but so are bedding-plants, and
babies, and automobiles; but the results in all cases are
worth the money. Some spend money lavishly for winter
decorations that fade in the night. The same amount, spent
for Hybrid Teas planted out early in the spring, gives one
pleasure all summer. They are easily cared for, if the instruc-
tions given in this work are carried out. For those who pos-
sess small grounds and have but little time to attend to them
we have that poor man's blessing, the Rosa rugosa, and its
hybrids. This Japanese rose does not know how to "catch
cold," and will stay longer with you and give far more pleas-
ure than any poor relation. It blooms profusely in June and
scatteringly all through summer, ripening its bright red,
cherry-like berries during the late summer months. Its
foliage is unusually fine and insect-proof. This feature alone
should be highly appreciated, for the beauty of foliage is
more than half the beauty of any plant. This rose was known
to rosarians as early as 1845, but its beauty and hardiness

86 HOW TO GROW ROSES

and its value in hybridizing were not appreciated until some
forty years afterward, when Mr. Robert C. S. Carmen, of
New Jersey, and M. Georges Bruant of Poitiers, France, gave
us the hybrids, Agnes Emily Carmen, and Mme. Georges
Bruant. While the former was produced first, thus giving
the honor of producing the first Rugosa hybrid to an Ameri-
can, it was delayed in its propagation, and the French rose
was the first on the market. In all of Mr. Carmen's experi-
ments the Rugosa rose was the mother plant, and it is a
singular fact that the Agnes Emily Carmen rose, bearing
flowers having the color and scent of the General Jacque-
minot rose, should have Harison's Yellow as the male
parent. The success of these hybridizers caused others to
enter the field, and we now have a host of good forms, all
hardy and reliable. Where these hybrids possess some Tea
blood, unusually cold winters may kill them back somewhat.
The handsome Rugosa hybrid, Conrad F. Meyer, is some-
times "cut back" in winter. This type and its hybrids are
splendidly adapted for forming entire hedges or large groups,
and may be depended upon for flower and foliage.

The well-known dwarf rose, Hermosa, and the writer made
their first appearance before the public at about the same
time, and the former has graced our gardens for seventy-five
years. It is reliable and hardy with but little protection, and
is one of the best bedders today. The same may be said of
the Clothilde Soupert, one of the largest-flowered forms of
the Polyantha class, introduced in 1884. In 1880, Veuve
Ducher introduced the charming dwarf Polyantha, Mile.
Cecile Brunner, the queen of the so-called Fairy rose class,
hardy with slight protection, and admirable for corsage bou-
quets. Its miniature buds, so delightfully tinted, are ad-
mired by all, especially by the gentler sex.

Who has not admired the Cherokee rose of the southern
states, an escaped exotic, being the Chinese Rosa sinica,
that has taken so kindly to the conditions offered as to
thrive there on the waysides and fence corners? We of the
North can have its counterpart, all except its evergreen
foliage, in the extremely hardy Rosa spinosissima var. Altaica,

88 HOW TO GROW ROSES

from the Altai Mountains in Siberia. When in bloom, it is a
charming sight in the purity of its single, pure white flowers.
I cannot understand why this rose is scarce and hard to find,
as in good soil it suckers rapidly and thus an increased stock
is easily obtained.

The old-fashioned Sweetbriar, with its heaven-born
perfume, often winter-kills here, but I grow it in among some
tall-growing barberries through whose branches the Briar
thrusts its long canes. The barberry shades the Briar canes
in winter and but little loss occurs.

I tri^d Lord Penzance hybrids and, much to my regret,
could not carry them over winter, so the charming Lady
Penzance was banished from "Egandale."

The Persian Yellow and Harison's Yellow, as well as all
the Mosses, are hardy here.

All of the Baby Ramblers do well here, slightly protected,
and are well fitted for borders of large rose-beds. ,/Ennchen
Miiller is splendid; as a cut-flower, each well-grown truss is a
bouquet in itself; and, the flowers being loosely arranged, give
an airy elegance to the decoration. The color is good in day-
light or electric, — a desirable quality in any flower.

Hybrid Perpetuals and those grown as such require winter-
protection. Some stand this covered-up condition better
than others. Here is a list I gave in Bailey's "Cyclopedia
of American Horticulture" some years ago, and I would not
change it now. Undoubtedly, there are many more that will
do as well if tried, but there are enough listed to create a
garden for anyone.

The winter of 1898-1899 was the most severe in this sec-
tion I ever experienced, and many trees and shrubs, con-
sidered "iron-clad," were killed. The following is a list of
roses which wintered here under protection and which came
out in good condition:

Captain Christy Louis Van Houtte

Captain Hayward Magna Charta

Garden Favorite Mrs. Paul

General Jacqueminot Mrs. R. G. Sharman-Crawford

John Hopper Paul Neyron

La Rosiere Prince Camille de Rchan

EXPERT OPINIONS

89

The following eleven were in fair condition and recovered
their form during the season:

Mme. Gabriel Luizet
Mme. Victor Verdier
Pierre Netting
Prince of Wales
Ulrich Brunner

Alfred Colomb
Anna de Diesbach
Baronne Provost
Countess of Oxford
Eugene Furst
Lyonnaise

This section, together with many in the northern states,
suffered for the want of a suitable number of climbing roses
that might be carried over the winter with an easily prepared
protection, until the advent of the Crimson Rambler, which
reached England from Japan in 1 878. This was followed soon
after by Rosa Wichuraiana and its hybrids. Up to this time
we had to be content with Queen of the Prairie, Baltimore
Belle, Russell's Cottage, and Multiflora rose Greville, or
Seven Sisters. The first two were produced by Feast of
Baltimore in 1843 by hybridizing that most excellent hardy
Prairie rose, R. setigera, with some of the garden forms of the
day. I have often wondered why hybridizers had not used
this hardy semi-climbing rose more frequently in their work.
About all the climbing roses, bearing a large percentage
of Rugosa or Wichurai- / ana blood, are hardy with a
slight protection in «|^H winter. Which is the best
is merely a matter of^^^^F choice.

In Elizabeth Park Rose-garden, Hartford, Connecticut

ROSE PROGRESS

The Increasing Regard for Roses

In his book, "The Cultivated Man," Charles W. Eliot
says: "A brook, a hedge-row, or a garden is an inexhaustible
teacher of wonder, reverence, and love."

Another one of "America's noblemen," G. A. Parker*,
with exquisite feeling, thus portrays the possible influence of
the rose on the lives of men, when, in telling of the rose-
garden at Elizabeth Park, he says:

"I have come to think of beauty as the love-letter of the
Creator, through which He is wooing us unto Himself; for
beauty is spiritual, and not physical.

"A love-letter is a message into which the sender puts a
part of his very self, and the one who receives it, in some
mysterious way, weaves it into a part of his very life. It
matters little what words are used or how the message is
sent, providing it becomes a part of the sender and of the
receiver. Surely the Creator uses a most beautiful form when
He avails Himself of the roses to convey His message."

Among the real rose-lovers now scattered widely over our
great country, it is difficult to conceive of a finer loyalty than
already exists toward the flower of their choice. Such devo-
tion as theirs is bearing fruit. Better roses in their gardens
are arousing more abundant admiration on the part of neigh-
bors. This results in more "recruits." Rose societies spring
up here and there. The members help each other, and more
and more each one comes to know the joy of growing one's
own roses. This is just what has been going on in many sec-
tions of our great country. The delights of rose-growing have
been revealed to vastly increasing numbers of amateurs
within the past few years. The "garden magazines" have
helped. The "garden clubs" have been a prominent factor.

There are, perhaps, half a dozen rose men lecturingf on this
fascinating subject and forwarding the good work. All have
helped, and the combined efforts of these various agencies
are beginning to bloom into activities of great promise.

*" American Rose Annual," iQi6, pages 71, 72.
t A list of these will be furnished on request.

92 HOW TO GROW ROSES

The American Rose Society

Ten years ago, what we might call the hub of these vari-
ous movements — the "American Rose Society" — was in no
very prosperous state. Amateurs had almost no part in it.
Little attention was given to outdoor roses or to rose-gardens.
All that is changing. Happily local rose societies to the
number of six have already become affiliated with the
parent society. The American Rose Society has this year
issued, under the able editorship of J. Horace McFarland, a
"Rose Annual," worthy to be compared with that of any
other national Rose Society. We recommend it to the perusal
of our readers. It is not a book of cultural information, but
rather treats of the present status of the rose in America, and
of the current activities and accomplishments of amateurs
and others within and without the American Rose Society
(see Bibliography, page 105).

The purpose of the American Rose Society is stated in
the Constitution, as follows:

1. To increase the general interest in the cultivation and improve
the standard of excellence of the rose for all the people.

2. To foster, stimulate, and increase the production, in every pos-
sible way of improved varieties of the rose, suitable to our American
climate and requirements.

3. To organize a system of exhibitions at such times and places as
this Society may, from time to time, decide on; to offer prizes of money,
of gold, silver, and bronze medals, and certificates of merit, for meri-
torious new varieties of roses; also to offer prizes of money, cups, etc.,
for excellence of exhibits made at shows held by the Society.

It is also proposed that the Society disseminate to its members the
latest information pertaining to the rose, recommending new varieties
of undoubted merit; describing the best methods of culture, how to
fight insect and fungoid pests, the proper use of manures; and giving
other information from the pens of leading experts that will be worth
many times the cost of membership, especially to amateurs.

The Editor of this book for several years has been asso-
ciated with the work of The American Rose Society and is
warmly interested in its progress. He would feel very much
pleased, therefore, if this little work might bring more rose-
lovers into membership with it. Full information regarding
fees and privileges will be cheerfully furnished upon appli-
cation to Editor "How to Grow Roses," West Grove, Pa.

_ ROSE PROGRESS _ 93

Rose Test-Gardens

But perhaps the most important step of all in the last
few years for the American rose world is the establishment,
in various geographical locations, of rose test-gardens:

At Arlington Gardens, Washington, D. C., known as the
National Rose Test-garden; under the care of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture.

At Ithaca, New York; under the care of the College of
Agriculture of Cornell University.

At Hartford, Connecticut; under the care of the authori-
ties of Elizabeth Park.

At Minneapolis, Minnesota; under the care of the authori-
ties of Lyndale Park.

To each of these gardens already have been sent, on an
average, nearly four hundred varieties, and from one to two
thousand roses, which this year will be ready for test and
determination of kinds that may be recommended in each
locality. Established thus under the care of permanently
organized institutions and under the thoroughgoing care and
attention of able specialists, there is promise of collecting
most valuable information for amateur rose-growers living
in climates corresponding to these spots. The guidance
available from such tests is bound, we think, to prove a great
boon in saving beginners, especially, from loss entailed by
trying out unworthy sorts.

The official scale of points heretofore used by the Amer-
ican Rose Society for judging outdoor roses is as follows:

Floriferousness . . . . . 20

Vigor . . 20

Color . •„"" . 15

Size 15

Form , . ' . '.-.'.. . . . i o

Substance ....... 10

Fragrance ....... 10

100

These tests should serve to center attention upon the
need in America for more roses adapted to our varied climatic
conditions, and thus encourage hybridizers to the work of
developing our native species.

Another of the noteworthy steps forward in the past few
years is the awakening of city authorities to the possibilities
and value of municipal rose-gardens.

ROSE PROGRESS 95

Municipal Rose-Gardens

Hartford, Connecticut, was the pioneer for America; and
she builded well. Starting in 1904, in Elizabeth Park, there
were laid out one and one-quarter acres. This the author
visited first upon his return from a tour among the more
prominent rose-gardens in England, Ireland, Holland, Ger-
many, and France. While delighted with the cultural suc-
cess and magnificent show of varieties, there seemed in the
ensemble much to be desired in the matter of treatment and
arrangement. This will probably be true of most of the test-
gardens referred to in the above section, because beauty of
landscape effect is not the first thing sought for in a rose-
garden made primarily for test purposes, although the more
there is of grace and beauty, of charm and enchantment, by
reason of the arrangement, of course, the better it is.

But Hartford led the way, and nobly continues to render
this nation, at least the northeastern part of it, a great ser-
vice. She showed that even a little public rose-garden, well
done, begets enthusiastic public appreciation. Mr. G. A.
Parker, Superintendent of Parks, of Hartford, reports
116,000 people having visited this rose-garden in one year.
There are in it three hundred different varieties of roses and
about fifteen hundred separate plants, and the cost, both for
construction and maintenance, in eleven years has been
$0.0173 per visitor. But as for its influence upon, and value
to, the people who have come to see it, no money estimates
can be made. If any reader feels inclined to doubt this last
statement, permit us to suggest that he submit his feelings
to the test of a visit.

There are many American cities which have roses in their
parks, and these cities are extending their plantings; but as
yet only a limited number have definitely set apart, and
regularly arranged for, a real rose-garden.

If any of our readers have the opportunity to visit Port-
land, Oregon, certainly one of the sights of that city of won-
derful promise is the municipal rose-garden. It is larger, per-
haps, than that of Hartford, — a sunken garden with rose-

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Municipal Rose-garden, Cleveland, Ohio. One year old

covered terraces; a fountain-centered system of walks and a
large amount of growth; and, as nearly every rose-lover
knows, a gratifyingly long season of bloom. It is, we believe,
true of Portland, as of no other city, that the commercial
men have long realized the value of the rose and its exploita-
tion as an indirect, though very definite means of spreading,
world-wide, the fame of that rose-favored corner of the
earth. This is a reason why there is enthusiasm in Portland
back of the conception to establish in another part of the city
another municipal rose-garden that shall outclass any other
in America. And why should Portland not do so? The author
would enjoy telling his readers much more about the mag-
nificent hedges of roses in Portland; of the great annual rose-
festivals, with electrical displays; of many different parades;
of automobiles; of the Royal Rosarians and their Queen of the
Roses with her attendants, — all doing homage to the rose.

Last spring at Cleveland, Ohio, for the first time there
appeared, on display, a most creditable municipal rose-gar-
den, its success being due in large measure, doubtless, to the
able hand of their superintendent of parks. No climbing

ROSE PROGRESS

97

roses surrounded it when the author enjoyed its rich June
bloom in 1915, but the varieties had been well chosen for
that locality, and arranged in good taste. All were bush
roses and were grouped in beds, with an arrangement of
walks making the annually recurring display easily accessible
to large numbers of people. Time and growth, with the good
care it is sure to get, will furnish the softening and enriching
effect that only age can supply. It is a splendid beginning,
and such as one would expect of Cleveland.

And so, in sequence, might be mentioned a few other
cities whose activities along this line have come to the
attention of the author.

Syracuse, New York, has now the beginning of a most
creditable municipal rose-garden, the result of a demand
made by the citizens, promoted by an energetic rose society
and its indefatigable president, Rev. E. M. Mills, D.D.
Long life to him !

And this spring (1916) will doubtless see the beginning of a
real rose-garden in the Bronx Park system of New York City.
The New York Horti-
cultural Society and affili-
ated organizations have
planned the establish-
ment of a rose-planting
that promises to rejoice
the hearts of countless
thousands of people. Let
us all hope that it may
be made easily accessible
to those who most need
the inspiration and pleas-
ure which such a garden
will be so well calculated
to furnish. Compare with
this of Paris the Muni-
cipal Rose -Garden of
Minneapolis, illustrated

0 View in the Bagetelle Municipal

page 28, Rose-garden, Paris

o8

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Roses, roses everywhere

A Famous Rose-Garden

The most beautiful rose-garden I have yet found in either
America or Europe was near Paris. Accompanied by Mrs.
Pyle, I arrived at the Roseraie de L'Hay early one day, and
we lingered there till sunset, enchanted. A
permanent rose-garden with thousands
of varieties, it includes roses said to
have originated in the sixth
century B.C. Roses from
every continent are arranged
and trained in all imaginable
styles, from borders of Baby
Ramblers to giant Tree
roses, 15 feet high and
10 feet spread. Tunnels
completely covered with
climbing roses form
outlooks through the gar-
den, with here a bit of
statuary, there a fountain
flashing in the sunshine,
with roses, roses every-

Note this giant Tree rose

where, from the broad-

ROSERAIE DE L'HAY

99

And here we lingered till sunset

petaled, deep red Lion climber to the splendid M. Graver-
eaux, named in honor of the owner of this magnificent
garden. We strolled down the long, box-bordered pathways,
with familiar faces among the roses looking up at us from beds
at our feet, and climbers looking straight at us,
and half-beckoning from either side, as we
passed, until, spellbound, we stood and
gazed down the long vista of color-
covered beds, back-bordered with
still other climbers in bloom.
And this is only one picture
out of hundreds of such!
What a love for the rose
must have helped to
fashion the quiet arbors
and festooned balustrades,
the archway entrances,
artistic screens, and dis-
appearing pathways, so
well planned that every
turn brought a fresh sur-
prise, each one more
entrancing than the

Other ! The Temple of Love

ioo HOW TO GROW ROSES

Finally, so well hidden by an encircling temple of trees
that we nearly missed it, was an open-air theater with turf
seats, and along the front of the stage, for footlights, was a
brilliant row of blooming roses. There, amid this paradise, in
charming French fashion, our host entertained his guests
with a musical recital. Can you wonder, therefore, that invi-
tations to this garden are cherished? — for one can enter by
invitation only. Write us, reader, when you are nearing Paris,
and let us give you our card to this patron of roses, Mons.
Jules Gravereaux, honored by Emperors.

[From notes and photographs taken by Robert Pyle,
President of The Conard & Jones Co., West Grove, Pa., on
the occasion when he represented the American Rose Society
and acted as judge at the International Contest of Garden
Roses at Bagatelle, Paris, June, 1911.]

The Red Rose Church at Manheim

We know of no more unique ceremony in America than
Manheim's "Feast of Roses." In 1750, Baron Heinrich Wil-
helm Stiegel, coming from Germany, settled in Lancaster
County, Pennsylvania, and founded the little town of Man-
heim. He prospered in business and later deeded to the
Lutheran congregation (which he organized in 1769) a plot
of ground for the erection of a house of worship with the
following stipulation: "yielding and paying therefor at the
said town of Manheim, in the month of June, yearly forever
after, the rent of ONE RED ROSE, if the same shall be law-
fully demanded."

And now each year, with appropriate exercises, the con-
gregation of the Manheim Lutheran Church pays to the heirs
of Baron Stiegel the unique ground-rent of "one red rose,"
and each year recalls the memory of a man who, though
"dying in poverty, had yet left the noblest of all memorials, the
love, reverence, and gratitude of a community whose industry
he had stimulated, whose ideals he had fostered, for whose
spiritual welfare he had made permanent provision." (Pub-
lished with the permission of the pastor, Rev. A. E. Cooper.)

ROSE TRINKETS 101

Rose-Beads

For the following formula the author is indebted to a
good friend of his from New York State, whose experience in
making rose-beads is far more extensive than his own.

"Gather the petals of roses — even newly fallen ones will
do — till you have, say, half a peck. Grind these through
a meat-chopper till they become pulp. In order to have the
beads jet-black when finished, place this pulp in an iron pan,
or, lacking that, mix in a teaspoonful of ground copperas (ferri
sulphas), and stir thoroughly; the mixture will soon become
brown. Set it now in the sun or a warm oven till it gets black.
After this, put all through the meat-chopper again till it
becomes like putty, and then form the beads. They can be
made any shape you like, — round, square, hexagonal, etc., —
but form them twice the size you wish to have them when
finished. Rolling them into little balls with the hand will
make smooth beads. If you wish them figured, the butt-
end of a steel writing-pen is a convenient tool, to be used, of
course, when the beads are still soft. When properly formed,
transfix them to a board with a pin, then keep them hot and
dry, and in two or three days they will become small and
hard, and may be strung through the hole left when the pin
is removed."

A European authority gives us a slightly different formula,
and recommends using a mortar instead of the more prosaic
and modern meat-chopper.

"Freshly gathered rose-petals are beaten into a pulp and
then dried, but before becoming completely dry, rose-water is
added and they are again beaten and dried, the operation
being repeated till the pulp has become very smooth. Then
the desired shape is given and they are perforated in order to
thread them, and so a kind of bead is formed, which is dried.
When they have become very hard, they are smoothed and
polished, after which they are rubbed with oil-of-roses in
order to give them more perfume and gloss. If a brass mortar
be used, the pulp takes a deep black color, through the action
on the metal of the gallic acid contained in the roses. On

102 HOW TO GROW ROSES

the other hand, if a marble mortar be used, blue and red and
other colored beads can be manufactured according to the
coloring materials employed. The black beads are most
highly prized. They have been manufactured principally at
Adrianople, Smyrna, and Constantinople."

Attar of Roses

The reader will notice on another page a short account of
a visit made to that most beautiful rose-garden south of Paris,
the Roseraie de L'Hay. Many chapters might be written
of this little paradise about which clusters so much of inter-
est to a rose-lover. But there is in that wonderful garden a
quaint thatched "summer-house," as we in America might
call it, rose-embowered. On the occasion of the author's
visit, there was at work in the little cottage a white-aproned
chemist with large-sized retort, test-tubes, spirit-lamps, and
other appliances. The rose-petals which had been gathered
in the garden were being reduced to essence or attar of roses.
M. Gravereaux has improved the method of extracting the
oils, and, furthermore, has proved by extensive experiments
that certain perpetual-flowering roses, like Caroline Testout,
and others, are capable of producing a much larger amount
of the essence than the Damask and Centifolia roses here-
tofore largely used.

The method employed by M. Gravereaux is superior to
that of the Bulgarians, Persians, and Algerians, whose
apparatus is most primitive, as the following will indicate:
The rose-petals must be distilled as they are picked, other-
wise much of their odor will be lost. They are brought right
to the stills, which are made of copper, and there mixed with
only water, the quality of which is said considerably to in-
fluence the essence distilled. After having twice boiled down
the mixture to one-eighth or one-tenth its original volume, it
is allowed to cool, and is set in open bowls at a constant
temperature. Gradually the essence rises and swims on the
surface in yellowish patches, which are skimmed off with a
mother-of-pearl spoon. This operation, usually falling upon

BRIDESMAID is most appropriately named, suggestive of
what is best among the prettiest pink Tea Roses

104 HOW TO GROW ROSES

the eldest member of the family, is carried out with a
solemnity befitting its importance. What this must mean to
the peasants is better understood when we realize how
feather-light rose-petals are, and that 150 pounds (2,400
ounces) of them ordinarily yield less than one ounce of the
essence of the rose.

It is not to be marveled at, therefore, that it is expensive,
not alone for the above reason, but also because of its impor-
tance in the fabrication of the finest perfumes. It has, fur-
thermore, the valuable quality of increasing and fixing other
perfumes, just as the rose itself has the quality of develop-
ing in those who work with it qualities of fine moral
character.

Hybridizing

This book attempts in no way to cover the subject of
hybridizing, save to refer to some sources of information re-
garding a work that calls for long-sustained attention, and
almost limitless patience, with no assurance as to results.
Amateurs, as well as professional rose-growers, have made
valuable contributions to our lists of roses, and certainly the
future must offer more adequate recompense to the success-
ful breeder of roses than has been the case in the past.

Rev. Joseph H. Pemberton*, for the beginner, gives
directions that appear to be easily followed by one who has
the time and facilities to undertake the work.

Every hybridizer will be interested also in the articles by
Dr. White and Dr. Van Fleet in "The American Rose Annual'*
for 1916; also in the "Stammbuch der Edelrosen," by Dr.
G. Kruger. The edition of this work, published in 1906, at
Trier, Germany, contains a most complete listing of the
hybridized roses in commerce, including parentage, hybri-
dizer, and date of issue. For example, under Caroline Tes-
tout, are given fifty-eight immediate descendants, showing
also the name of the other parent in all except nine cases. It
would seem to be an invaluable work for anyone who wishes
to undertake hybridizing.

* "Roses," page 229 (see Bibliography).

FOR WINTER EVENINGS 105

Bibliography

Beginning with "The Rose Manual," by Robert Buist, in
1884, there have been issued in America at least eighteen
different works, the most noteworthy of which we list below:

THE ROSE. By H. B. Ellwanger. 1882. 293 pp. Dodd, Mead & Co.,

New York. This was long the standard rose book.
A BOOK ABOUT ROSES. By S. Reynolds Hole. 1883. 326 pp. Wm. S.

Gottsberger, New York. An American reprint of a standard English

work. Highly entertaining work on roses, and most inspiring.
ROSES AND How TO GROW THEM. Collected magazine articles. 1910.

199 pp. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y.
COMMERCIAL ROSE-CULTURE. By Eber Holmes. 1911. 165 pp. A. T.

De la Mare Printing and Publishing Company, New York.
MAKING A ROSE-GARDEN. By H. H. Saylor. 1912. 53 pp. McBride,

Nast & Co., New York.

EVERBLOOMING ROSES FOR THE OUTDOOR GARDEN. By Georgia T.

Drennan. 1912. 262 pp. Duffield & Co., New York.
THE PRACTICAL BOOK OF OUTDOOR ROSE-GROWING. By George C.

Thomas, Jr. 1914. 156 pp. and 96 plates in color, etc. J. B. Lippin-

cott Company.
THE AMERICAN ROSE ANNUAL. 1916. Published by the J. Horace

McFarland Company, Harrisburg, Pa., for The American Rose

Society. Contributions upon roses, rose-growing and rose-gardens.

Recounts the year's activities. Free to members, or may be had in

paper binding from the publisher at 50 cents each, while they last.

The following are all edited from the English standpoint:
ROSES: THEIR HISTORY, DEVELOPMENT, AND CULTIVATION. By Rev.
Joseph H. Pemberton, Vice-President of the National Rose Society.
1908. 336 pp. Longmans, Green & Co., London and New York.
ROSES AND ROSE-GROWING. By Rose G. Kingsley. 1908. 163 pp., 28

Macmillan Companv, New York

[908. 336 pp. Longmans, Green & Co., London and New York.
>SES AND ROSE-GROWING. By Rose G. Kingsley. 1908. 163 pp..
full-page color-plates. The Macmillan Company, New York and
London. With special attention to the best roses in each of the various

classes, regarded from the English viewpoint.

ROSES FOR ENGLISH GARDENS. By Gertrude Jekyll and Edward
Mawley. 1902. 164 pp. George Newnes, Ltd., London. Although
relating to English gardens, it is, nevertheless, most entertaining, and
by its thoroughness helps to clear up many questions left unan-
swered by other authorities.

ROSE-GROWING MADE EASY. By E. T. Cook. 200 pp. Another English
publication, suggestive and helpful, and written apparently by one
with long years of first-hand experience.

THE ROSE BOOK. A complete guide for amateur rose-growers by H. H.
Thomas. 1913. 283 pp. Profusely illustrated. Treats well the various
uses to which roses may be put.

For a list of rose books in all languages the "Cyclopedia
of American Horticulture" refers us to the "Bibliografia de
la Rosa," Vergara, Madrid, 1892.

io6 HOW TO GROW ROSES

Synonymous Roses

Some roses have acquired new names that seem to be an
improvement; for example, Dutch Beauty in place of
Veluwezoom. Another case is Mme. Norbert Levavasseur;
when once planted and thoroughly domesticated, she
answers to the name of Red Baby Rambler. But, if you
wish to order Red Baby Rambler, remember there are nearly
half a dozen roses so called; so, if you want to be certain,
refer to the following list for guidance. Renaming a rose
with intent to deceive has come to be regarded by rosarians
as a crime. When a second name is adopted for the sake of
euphony, the original name should be carried in parentheses.

Anna de Diesbach H.P. . . . Gloire de Paris

Baby Dorothy, Pink P. ... Maman Levavasseur

Baby Rambler, Pink P Maman Levavasseur

Baby Rambler, Red P Mme. Norbert Levavasseur

Baby Rambler, White . . . . P Katherine Zeimet

Baby Rambler, Yellow . . . . P Etoile de Mai

Baby Tausendschon P Louise Walter

Baby Tausendschon .... P Echo

Ball of Snow .
Dorothy Dennison. .
Dorothy Perkins . .
Dorothy Perkins, Red
Dutch Beauty . . .
Green Rose ....
Killarney, Striped
Killarney, Orange
La France, Red . .
La France, Striped .
La France, White
La Reine des Neige
Magnolia Rose

H.P. . . . Perle des Blanches

W Lady Godiva

H.W. . . Lady Gay
H.W. . . Excelsa
H.T. . . . Veluwezoom
C Viridiflora

H.T. . . . Spectacular

H.T. . . Duchess of Wellington

H.T. . . Duchess of Albany

H.T. . . Mme. Angel Vayssett

H.T. . . Mile. Aug. Guinoisseau

H.P. Frau Karl Druschki

T. . . . Devoniensis
Maman Cochet, Yellow .... H.T. . . . Mme. Derepas-Matrat

Maman Levavasseur P Baby Dorothy

Mignon . . P. . Cecile Brunner

Mrs. W. H. Cutbush P Mrs. Taft

Mrs. W. J. Grant H.T. . . . Belle Siebrecht

Prima Donna H.T. . . . Mme. P. Euler

Prince Camille de Rohan . . . H.P. ... La Roseire

Queen, The T Souv. de S. A. Prince

Rambler, Golden N Alister Stella Gray

Rambler, Pink Mult. . . Euphrosine

Rambler, White Mult. . . . Thalia

Rambler, Yellow Mult. . . . Aglaia

Sweetheart P Cecile Brunner

Thousand Beauties Mult. . . . Tausendschon

Virginia R. Coxe H.T. . . . Gruss an Teplitz

White American Beauty ... H.P. ... Frau Karl Druschki

Wm. R. Smith T. ... Charles Dingee

Wm. R. Smith T. ... Jeannette Heller

N.B. — See also common names to rose species, foot of page 107.

THE FAMILY ROSA 107

Analysis of Species

It is doubtful if anyone will have come thus far in this
little book, who is not, with the author, a real seeker ajter
truth. Just as the story of man becomes doubly interesting
as we trace back his development from the earlier types of
man, so with the rose. A present-day Radiance or Rayon
d'Or is a vastly more fascinating object of attention when
one can go to another corner of the garden and point out to
visitors the true progenitor of that race. Hybridizing deserves
a complete chapter of its own. Right here let us study what
has been done by the guiding hand of man. Family charts are
a useful aid in pointing out relationships. A diagram may be
more illuminating than many pages of description. There-
fore, as an introduction to the various best-known classes,
pause a moment to survey* this analysis of species on the
two following pages. This the author conceives to be a most
helpful outline of the many, many families that make up
this interesting race of flowers.

In this book there has not been room to describe the rose
species. We would, however, call special attention to cer-
tain "types" which we have starred in the following list.
Their place is not in a bed with the Teas or Hybrid Teas.
Consider for example, Hugonis — that recent acquisition from
China. In three seasons it will be 4 to 5 feet high and
in bloom two weeks earlier than the early-blooming Harison's
Yellow. And so with others: they are unique, hardy,
vigorous. They need only to be fittingly placed to give to
the garden a charm and distinction quite above the ordinary.

*The following two pages are published here with permission and by
courtesy of Longmans, Green & Co., New York., from their book, "Roses:
Their History, Development, and Cultivation," by Rev. J. H. Pemberton
(see page 105).

The reader will note how far removed from the original species are both
the Tea and Hybrid Tea families, whereas, from many species there has
been almost no development at all.

Equivalents of our common names to some of those on next pages:
Champney . . . Noisettiana Moss Muscosa

Cherokee

Eglantine
Memorial

. Laevigata Musk Moschata

. Canina Prairie Setigera

. Rubiginosa Scotch Spinpsissima

. Wichuraiana Sweetbriar .... Rubiginosa

Hybrid Tea

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HOW TO GROW ROSES

Roses Arranged in Classes

In order that the various classes may be studied better
as to their characteristics, we hereunder group the more
important varieties. French, German, and English authori-
ties differ somewhat in placing a few kinds. Regarding the
following lists, however, they are in substantial agreement.
In case of differences we have relied upon the country of
origin as our authority, e.g., Harison's Yellow.

Austrian Briar, or Lutea

Austrian Copper
Austrian Yellow

*Harison's Yellow
*Persian Yellow

Hybrid Austrian Briar, or Pernetiana

*Beaute de Lyon
*Constance
Juliet

*Louise Catherine

Breslau
*Mme. Edouard Herriot

*MurieI Dickson
*Rayon d'Or
*SoIeiI d'Or

Bengal

Archduke Charles
Douglas

LucuIIus

Maddalena Scalarandis

Appoline

''Beauty of Rosemawr
Burbank

Agrippina
*Hermosa

Bourbon

*Champion of the World
*Mme. Eugene Marlitt

China

Pink Daily
*Queen's Scarlet

Santa Rosa
*Souv. de la Malmaison

Viridifloraf

Damask

Mrs. O. C Orpen

*York and Lancaster

Alfred Colomb
Alphonse Soupert
American Beauty
*Anna de Diesbachf
Antoine Wintzer

Hybrid Perpetual

Ards Rover Belle d'Orleans

Ball of Snow *Candeur Lyonnaise

Captain Christy
Captain Hay ward
Charles Wagner

Barbarossa
Baroness Rothschild
Baron de Bonstetten

REFERENCE MARKS EXPLAINED

The asterisk ( *) indicates leading varieties described on pages 43 to 62.
The dagger (f) indicates roses with two names and refers to list of syn-
onymous roses.

ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES

1 1

Hybrid Perpetual Roses, continued

Cheshunt Hybrid

*GIoire Lyonnaise

Marshall P. Wilder

*CIio

Glory of Paris

*Mrs. John Laing

Commander Jules

Heinrich Munch

Mrs. R. G. Sharman-

Gravereaux

*Hugh Dickson

Crawford

Coquette des Alpes

*J. B. Clark

Oakmont

Coquette des Blanches

John Hopper

Paula Clegg

*Coronation

John Keynes

*PauI Neyron

Eugene Furst

Jubilee

*Prince Camille de

Francois Levet

Lady Helen Stewart

Rohanf

*Frau Karl Druschkif

La Reine

Rembrandt

*GeneraI Jacqueminot

Mme. Charles Wood

*Roger Lambelin

George Arends

Mme. Masson

Tom Wood

Giant of Battles

Mile. Louise Crette

*UIrich Brunner

*GIoire de Chedane

*Magna Charta

Vick's Ca'price

Guinoisseau

Marchioness of Lome

Victor Verdier

Gloire de Margottin

Margaret Dickson

Hybrid Tea

Admiral Schley

Earl of Warwick

*Jonkheer J. L. Mock

Admiral Ward

*EcarIate

"Joseph Hill

*Antoine Rivoire

Edgar M. Burnett

Josephine

*Arthur R. Goodwin

Edith Part

*Kaiserin Augusta

Augustus Hartman

Edward Mawley

Victoria

Autumn Tints

Elizabeth Barnes

*KiIIarney

Belle Siebrecht

Ethel Malcolm

*KiIIarney Brilliant

Bessie Brown

*EtoiIe de France

Killarney, White

Betty

Eugene BouIIet

Killarney Queen

*BriIIiant

Florence E. Coulthwait

King George V.

British Queen

Florence Forrester

Konigin Carola

Camoens

*FIorence Pemberton

*Lady Alice Stanley

Cardinal

Francis Scott Key

Lady Greenall

Carine

F. R. Patzer

*Lady Mary Ward

*Chateau de CIos

Frau Lila

Lady Moyra Beauclerc

Vougeot

Rautenstraugh

Lady Pirrie

Cherry Page
Cherry Ripe

Gainsborough
G. Amedee Hammond

Lady Ursula
*La France!

Chrissie MacKellar

*GeneraI MacArthur

*La Tosca

Cissie Easlea

*GeneraI-Superior

*Laurent Carle

Cleveland

Arnold Janssen

Leslie Holland

Colleen

George C. Waud

Liberty

Col. R. S. Williamson

*George Dickson

Lieutenant Chaure

Comtesse Icy Hardegg

Gorgeous

Louise Lilia

*Countess Clanwilliam
Countess of Derby

Grace Molyneux
*Gruss an Teplitzf

*Lyon Rose
Mme. Abel Chatenay

Countess of Gosford

Gustav Grunerwald

Mme. Bernier d'Arnex

Countess of

Hadley

*Mme. Caroline Testout

Shaftesbury

Hector MacKenzie

*Mme. Chas. Lutaud

Dean Hole

Helen Gould

Mme. Colette Martinet

Defiance

H. E. Richardson

(Mme. Derepas-

Dorothy Page-Roberts

*Hoosier Beauty

Matrat)

Dr. J. Campbell Hall

H. V. Machin

*Mme. Edmond

Dr. O'Donel Brown

Ideal

Rostand

Duchess of Albanyf

lona Herdman

Mme. Eugenie BouIIet

Duchess of Sutherland

Irish Beauty

Mme. Felix Faure

*Duchess of

* Irish Elegance

Mme. Jenny Guillemot

Wellingtonf

Irish Fireflame

Mme. Jules Bouche

Duchess of

James Coey

*Mme. Jules Grolez

Westminster

Janet

Mme. J. W. Budde

It is curious that this charming though extremely odd-looking variety
should be so little known and less grown. It has scalloped petals of deep
crimson, narrowly edged with white, reminding one of the Cross of the
Legion of Honor. This Rose, ROGER LAMBELIN, is a rare and unique
member of the Hardy Hybrid Perpetual family.

ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES

*Mme. Leon Pain

Mme. Maurice de Luze
*Mme. Melanie Soupert

Mme. P. Euler

Mme. Phillip Rivoire
*Mme. Ravary

Mme. Schwaller
*Mme. Segond Weber

Mile. Aug. Guinoisseau

Mile. Helena Gambier

Mile. Marie Mascurand

Mabel Drew

Magnafrano

Mama Looymans

Marcella

*Margaret Dickson
Hamill

Mark Twain

Marquise de Querhoent
*Marquise de Sinety
*Mary, Countess of II-
chester

Max Hesdorffer

May Miller

Meteor

Mevrouw Dora Van
Tets

Milady

*Miss Cynthia Forde
*Mrs. Aaron Ward

Mrs. A. E. Coxhead

Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo

Mrs. Amy Hammond

Mrs. Andrew Carnegie

Mrs. Archie Gray
*Mrs. A. R. Waddell

Mrs. Bertram T.
Walker

Mrs. Chas. E. Pearson

Mrs. Chas. Hunter

Hybrid Tea Roses, continued

Mrs. Chas. Russell President Vignet

Mrs. Conway Jones
Mrs. Cornwallis West

Mrs. David Jardine
Mrs. David McKee
Mrs. Edward Powell
Mrs. Forde
Mrs. F. W.

Vanderbilt
Mrs. George Gordon
Mrs. George Norwood
Mrs. George Shawyer
Mrs. Harold

Brocklebank
Mrs. Harvey Thomas
Mrs. Hugh Dickson
Mrs. J. H. Welsh
Mrs. MacKellar
Mrs. Maynard Sinton
Mrs. Moorefield Storey
Mrs. R. D. McCIure
Mrs. Richard Draper
Mrs. Robert Garrett
Mrs. Sam Ross
Mrs. T. Hillas
Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt

*Mrs. Wakefield Chris-
tie-Miller
Mrs. Wemyss Quin

*My Maryland
Natalie Bottner
Neervelt
Nerissa
Old-Gold
Oliva

*OpheIia
Panama
Peerless

Pernet's Triumph
Pharisaer

Prima Donnaf

Prince Charles
d'Arenburg

Prince of Bulgaria

Princess Bonnie

Queen Beatrice

Queen Mary
*Radiance
*Rayon d'Or

Red-Letter Day

Reine Carola de Saxe

Reine Marguerite
d' Italic

Rene Robbins

Renee Wilmart Urban
*Rhea Reid

Richmond

Sea-Bird

Souv. de E. Guillard
*Souv. de Gustav Prat

Souv. du Pres. Carnot

Souv. of Wootton

Spectacularf
*Sunburst
*Taft Rose

Veluwezoomf

Viscountess Enfield

Virginia R. Coxef

Walter Speed

Waltham's Scarlet

W. E. Lippiatt

Wellesley

West Grove
*White Killarney

William Cooper
'William Shean
*WiIIowmere

Winnie Davis

There are in this list other promising varieties not yet sufficiently
tested to recommend.

Moss

*Crested Moss *Henry Martin
Crimson Globe Mpusseline

Eugene de Savoi *Princess Adelaide

*GIory of Mosses Salet

*BIanche Moreau
Blanche Roberts
Caroline Marneis
Comtesse de Murinais

^nnchen Miiller
*Baby Dorothyf

Baby Ramblerf

Betsy Van Nes
*MIIe. Cecile Brunner

Clothilde Soupert

Echo

Polyantha

*EIIen Poulsen
*Erna Teschendorff

Etoile de Mai

George Elger

Goldfinch
*Gruss an Aachen

Katherine Zeimet

*Leonie Lamesch
*Louise Walterf
*Mme. Norbert Leva-

vasseurf

*Maman Levavasseurf
*Marie Pavie
Mignonf

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Mignonette

Miniature

Mosella, T.P.

Mrs. W. H. Cutbushf

Mme. Jules Gouchault

Polyantha Roses, continued

Mrs. Taftf Triomphe d'Orleans

*OrIeans White Soupert

Perle d'Or Yellow Soupert

Sweetheart f Yvonne Rabier

*Tip-Top

Kugosa

Agnes Emily Carmen

Hansa

Alice Aldrich

Mme. Chas. Frederick

Amelia Gravereaux

Worth

Beaute Poitevine

Magnifica

"Blanche Double de

*New Century

Coubert

Nova Zembla

Chas. F. Worth

Regina Badet

*Conrad Ferdinand

Repens alba

Meyer

*Roseraie de L'Hay

Tea

Ada Carmody

J. B. Varonne

*AIexander Hill Gray

Konigin Wilhelmina

Alliance Franco-Russe

*Lady Hillingdon

Anna Oliver

Lady Plymouth

Aurora

Lady Roberts

Beaute Inconstante

Lena

Betty Berkeley

Letty Coles

Blumenschmidt

Mme. Antoine Mari

Bon Silene

*Mme. Camille

Bride

Mme. Caroline Kuster

*Bridesmaid

Mme. C. P. Strassheim.

Canadian Belle
Catherine Mermet

Mme.Derepas-Matratf
Mme. de Vatrey

Comtesse Riza du Pare

Mme. de Watteville

Comtesse Sophy Torby
Coquette de Lyon

Mme. Elie Lambert
Mmco F. Kruger

Corallina

Mme. Hoste

Corinna

Mme. Jean Dupuy

Cornelia Cook

Mme. Jos. Schwartz

David Pradel

Mme. Lambard

*Devoniensis f

Mme. Margottin

Dr. Grill

Mme. Olga

*Duchesse de Brabant

Mme. Rene Gerard

Enchantress

Mme. Vermorel

*EtoiIe de Lyon

Mme. Welche

Fr. von Marschall

Mile. J. Phillips

General R. E. Lee

*Madison

G. Nabonnand

*Maman Cochetf

Golden Gate

*Maman Cochet, White

*Harry Kirk

*Marie Guillot

"Helen Good

Marie Lambert

Henry M. Stanley

*Marie Van Houtte

*Hugo Roller

Marion Dingee

Isabella Sprunt

Medea

Ivory

Bengal, Climber

Empress of China

Roseraie Parfum de L'

Hay

Rosa Tetankaba
*Rugosa alba
*Rugosa rubra
*SJr Thomas Lipton
(White Century)
Souv. de Pierre
Leperdrieux

*Miss Alice de
Rothschild
*MoIIy S. Crawford
*Mrs. B. R. Cant

Mrs. Campbell Hall

Mrs. Foley Hobbs

Mrs. Herbert

Hawksworth
*Mrs. Herbert Stevens

Mrs. Hubert Taylor

Mrs. Myles Kennedy

Mrs..S.T. Wright

Muriel Grahame

Nita Weldon

Papa Gontier
*PerIe des Jardins

Perle des Jaunes

Princess HohenzoIIern

Princess de Sagan

Queen Olga of Greece

Queen, Thef

Rainbow

Rose d'Evian
*Safrano

Sombrieul

Souv. de Catherine

Guillot

*Souv. de Pierre
Netting

Sulphurea
*Sunrise

Sunset

White Maman Cochet
*Wm. R. Smith t

Winter Gem

ROSES ARRANGED IN CLASSES

115

Belle Siebrecht
Carmine Pillar (Paul';
*Gruss an Teplitz,

Climbing
Kaiserin Augusta

Victoria, Climbing
Killarney, Climbing

Climbing Hybrid Teas

Killarney, White,
) Climbing

La France, Pink,

Climbing
Mme.CaroIine Testoul

Climbing
Mme. Wagram

Meteor, Climbing
My Maryland,

Climbing
Reine Marie Henriette,

Climbing
Souv. of Wootton,

Climbing

Climbing Moss

Cumberland Belle Wichmoss

Aglaia

*American Pillar
*Birdie Blye

Flower of Fairfield

Geisha

*AIister Stella Grayf
Bridesmaid, Climbing
Chromatellaf
Cloth of Goldf

Cecile Brunner,
Climbing

Multiflora

Miss Messman
Mosella, Climbing
*PhiIadeIphia Rambler
Psyche
Rambler, Crimson

Noisette

Lamarque

Mme. Alfred Carriere
*MarechaI Niel

Climbing Polyantha

Clothilde Soupert,
Climbing

Ramblers f
*Tausendsch6nf
Thalia
Trier
Wartburg

Reve d'Or

Solfaterre
*Wm. Allen Richardson

Frau Berta Guertler,
Climbing

*Amy Robsart
*Anne of Geierstein

Devoniensis, Climbing
Gloire de Dijon
Isabella Gray
James Sprunt

Sweetbriar

*Lady Penzance
*Sweetbriar, Common

Climbing Tea

Mme. Driout
Mme. Jules Gravereaux
Maman Cochet, Pink,
Climbing

Maman Cochet, White,

Climbing
Perle des Jardins,

Climbing
Pillar of Gold

Alba rubrifolia
*AIberic Barbier
*American Beauty,
Climbing

Aviator Bleriot

Cassimer MouIIe
*Christine Wright
*Coronation

Daybreak

Debutante

Dorothy Dennisonf
*Dorothy Perkinsf
*Dorothy Perkins,

White
*Dorothy Perkins,

Redf
*Dr. W. Van Fleet

Wichuraiana and Hybrids

Dr. W. Van Fleet, Mrs. M. H. Walsh

White Pearl Queen

Evangeline Prof. C. S. Sargent

Evergreen Gem Robert Craig

*ExceIsa Ruby Queen

Farquhar Shower of Gold

*Gardenia *SiIver Moon

""Hiawatha Sodenia

Jersey Beauty South Orange
Juanita Perfection

Lady Duncan Sweetheart
Lady Gayf Universal Favorite

Longwood W. C. Egan

Manda's Triumph *Wichmoss

*Mary Lovettf *Wichuraiana

*May Queen Wichuariana
Minnehaha variegata

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Index

Acicularis, 109.

Ada Carmody, 114.

Admiral Aaron Ward, 81.

Admiral Aaron Ward Rose
III.

Admiral Schley, in.

ALnnchen Muller, 113.

Aglaia, 108, 115.

Agnes Emily Carmen, 1 14.

Agrippina, no.

Alba, 1 08.

Alba rubrifolia, 115.

Alberic Barbier, 43.

Alexander Hill Gray, 43.

Alfred Colomb, no.

Alice Aldrich, 1 14.

Alister Stella Gray
(Golden Rambler), 43.

Alliance Franco-Russe, 114.

Alphonse Soupert, no.

Alpina, 109.

Altaica, 109.

Altitude, Consideration of,
6.

Americana, 109.

Amelia Gravereaux, 114.

American Beauty (Mmc.
Ferd. Jamin), no.

American Beauty, Climb-
ing, 43.

American Pillar, 44.

American Rose Society, 92.

Amy Robsart, 44.

Analysis of Species, 107-
109.

Anna de Diesbach, 44.

Anna Oliver, 114.

Anne of Geierstein, 44.

Antoine Riyoire, 44.

Antoine Wintzer, 110.

Aphides or green-fly,
How and wnen to des-
troy, 6, 30.

Appoline, no.

Archduke Charles, 110.

Ards Rover, no.

Arsenate of lead, How to
use, 6.

Arthur R. Goodwin, 44.

Arvensis, 108.

Ashes, Use of Coal, 6.

Attar of Roses, 102.

Avenue effect with roses,
13-

Augustus Hartman, in.

Aurora, 114.

Austrian Copper, 109, no.

Austrian Yellow, 109, no.

Autumn Tints, 1 1 1 .

Aviator Bleriot, 115.

Ayrshire, 108.

Baby Dorothy (Maman
Levavasseur), 44, 106.

Baby Rambler, Crimson
(Mme. Norbert Leva-
vasseur), 44, 1 06.

Baby Ramblers, 44, 106.
Baby Tausendschon

(Louise Walter), 106.
Bailey, Prof. Liberty H.,

Ball of Snow, 106, no.
Banksiae, 108.
Banksia, 108.
Barbarossa, no.
Baron de Bonstetten, no.
Baroness Rothschild, no.
Beaute de Lyon, 44.
Beaute Inconstante, 114.
Beaute Poitevine, 114.
Beauty of Rosemawr, 44.
Beds, Rose, shape and

size, ii.

Belle d'Orleans, no.
Belle Siebrecht, in.
Belle Siebrecht, Climbing,

115.

Berberifolia, 109.
Bessie Brown, in.
Betsy Van Nes, 113.
Betty, in.
Betty Berkeley, 114.
Bibliography, 105.
Birdie Blye, 44.
Black-spot, 30.
Blanc Double de Cou-

bert, 44.

Blanche Moreau, 44.
Blanche Roberts, 113.
Blumenschmidt, 114.
Bone-dust, When to use,

17- .

Bon Silene, 114.
Books about roses, 105.
Bourbons, 108.
Bracteata, 109.
Bracteatae, 109.
Bride, 114.
Bridesmaid, 44.
Bridesmaid, Climbing, 1 15.
Brilliant, 44.
British Queen, in.
Bruant, M. Georges, 86.
Brunoni, 108.
Budded roses, 36.
Bud-rot, 30.
Burbank, no.
Burying roses for winter,

27-

Cabbage, 108.

Calendar of operations,

6,7.

Camoens, 1 1 1 .
Canadian Belle, 114.
Candeur Lyonnaise, 44.
Canina, 109.
Canina roses for grafting,

36.

Canmae, 109.
Captain Christy, no.
Captain Hay ward, no.
Cardinal, in.

Carine, in.

Carmen, Robert C. S., 86.

Carmine Pillar, 115.

Carolina, 109.

Carolinse, 109.

Caroline Marneis, 113.

Catherine Mermet, 114.

Cassimer MouIIe, 115.

Cecile Brunner, 44.

Cecile Brunner, Climbing,
115.

Centifolia, 108.

Champion of the World,
46.

Chapman, Mr., ornitholo-
gist, 10.

Charles Dingee, 106.

Charles F. Worth, 114.

Charles Wagner, no.

Chateau de CIos Vougeot,
46.

Cherry Page, in.

Cherry Ripe, in.

Cheshunt Hybrid, in.

Chinas, 108.

Chrissie MacKellar, 1 1 1 .

Christine Wright, 46.

Cinnamomea, 109.

Cissie Easlea, 1 1 1 .

Classes of Roses, 39, 110-
115.

Cleveland, in.

Clio, 46.

Clothilde Soupert, 113.

Cfothilde Soupert, Climb-
ing, 115.

Colleen, in.

Color plates, I, 12, 21, 32,
40,45,51,58,63,70,78,
87, 94, 103, 112, 117.

Col. R.S.Williamson, in.

Commander Jules Graver-
eaux, in.

Comtesse de Murinais, 113

Comtesse Icy Hardegg,

Comtesse Riza du Pare,

114.
Comtesse Sophy Torby,

114.

Conrad F. Meyer, 46, 109.
Conserving moisture, 25.
Constance, 46.
Contents, table of, 2.
Cooper, Rev. A. E., 100.
Coquette des Alpes, IT'.
Coquette des Blanches, 1 1 1.
Coquette de Lyon, 114.
Corallina, 114.
Corinna, 114.
Cornelia Cook, 114.
Coronation (H.P.), 46.
Countess Clanwilliam, 46.
Countess of Derby, 1 1 1 .
Countess of Gosford, 1 1 1 .
Countess of Shaftesbury,

III*

PINK BABY RAMBLER, or BABY DOROTHY, is a good repre-
sentative of the Baby Rambler family, now available in an almost endless
variety of colors, including white and all shades of pink and red.

This is the dwarf-growing Polyantha Rose so popular now for edging
and also for bedding. It is recommended for use in place of geraniums,
because it is so hardy that it does not need to be replanted yearly.

n8

HOW TO GROW ROSES

Crested Moss, 47.
Crimson Globe, 113.
Crimson Rambler, 108,

Cumberland Belle, 115.
Currey, J. A., 77.

Evergreen Gem, 115.
Excelsa, 48.
Expert opinions, 77—91.

Farquhar, 115.
F. E. Coulthwaite, 1 1 1.

Hadley, i n.
Hansa, 114.
Harisonii, 109.
Harison's Yellow, 49.
Harry Kirk, 49.
Hector MacKenzie, in.

Daily Mail (Mme.

Edouard Herriot), 53.
Damascena, 108.
David Pradel, 114.
Daybreak, 115.
Dean Hole, 10, in.
Debutante, 115.
Defiance, 1 1 1.
De la Griff erai, 108.
Devoniensis, 47.
Dr. Grill, 114.
Distance apart for roses,

Dr. j. Campbell Hall, III.
Dr. O'Donel Brown. 1 1 1 .
Dr. W. Van Fleet, 47-
Dr. W. Van Fleet, White,

1 15.
Dorothy Dennison, 106,

115.
Dorothy Page Roberts,

Dorothy Perkins, 47, 106,

1 08.
Dorothy Perkins, Red,

1 06.
Dorothy Perkins, White,

Douglas, no.
Drainage, 10—14.
Duchesse de Brabant. 47.
Duchess of Albany, in.
Duchess of Sutherland,

in.

Duchess of Wellington, 4^.
Duchess of Westminster,

in.

Dundee Rambler, 108.
Dutch Beauty, 106.

Earl of Warwick, 1 1 1 .
Ecse, 109.
Ecarlate, 47.
Echo, 113.

Edgar M. Burnett, in.
Edith Part, in.
Edward Mawlev, 111.
Egan, W. C., 26, 85.
Ellen Poulsen, 47.
Eliot, Charles W., 91.
Elizabeth Barnes, in.
Empress of China, 14.
Enchantress, 114.
Erna Teschcndorff, 47.
Ethel Malcolm, in.
Etoile de France, 48.
Etoile de Lyon, 48.
Etoile de Mai, 1 13.
Eugene BouIIet, in.
Eugene de Savoi, 113.
Eugene Furst, ill,
Euphrosine, 106.
Evangeline, 115,

Felicite et Perpetue, 108.
Fertilizers of all kinds, 16.
Florence Forrester, 1 1 1 .
Florence Pemberton, 48.
Flower of Fairfield, 115.
Formal garden, illustrated,

13.

Four seasons, 108.
Francois Levet, in.
Francis Scott Key, 1 1 1 .
Frau Berta Guertler, 115.
Frau Karl Druschki, 48.
Frau Lila Rautenstraugh,

in.

F. R. Patzer, 1 1 1.

Fr. von Marschall, 114.
Fungoid troubles, 7.

Gainsborough, in.
Gallica, 108.
Gallicae, 108.

G. Amedee Hammond, 1 1 1 .
Gardenia, 48.

Geisha, 1 15.

General Jacqueminot, 48.

General MacArthur, 48.

General R. E. Lee, 114.

General-Superior Arnold-
Janssen, 48.

George Arcnds, ill.

George C. Waud, in.

George Dickson, 48.

George Elger, 113.

Giant of Battles, in.

Giant Tree Rose, illustra-
tion of, 98.

Gloire de Chedane
Guinoisseau, 49.

Gloire de Dijon, 26.

Gloire de Margottin, 111.

Gloire Lyonnaise, 49.

Glory of Mosses, 49.

Gloire de Paris, 106.

Glory of Paris, ill.

G. Nabonnand, 114.

Goldfinch, 113.

Golden Gate, 114.

Golden Rambler (see Alis-
ter Stella Gray)

Golden rules, 29.

Gorgeous, 1 1 1.

Grace Molyneux, III.

Grafted roses, 36.

Grandiflora, 108.

Gravereaux, M. Jules,
24.

Green-fly, Aphis or, How
to destroy, 6, 30.

Green Rose, 106.

Gruss an Aachen, 49.

Gruss an Teplitz, 49.

Gruss an Teplitz, Climb-
ing, 49.

Gustav Grunerwald, in.

Heeling-in roses, 19.
Heinrich Munch, in.
Helen Good, 49.
Helen Gould, 111.
H. E. Richardson, in.
Henri Martin, 49.
Henry M. Stanley, 114.
Hermosa, 49.
Hiawatha, 49.
Hibernica, 109.
Hoosier Beauty, 50.
Huey, Dr. Robert, 82.
Hugh Dickson, 50.
Hugonis, 109.
Hugo Roller, 50.
H. V.^Machm, in.
Hybridizing, A few words
about, 104.

Ideal, in.
Indica, 108.
Indicse, 108.
Jndica odorata, 108.
Indica sanguinea, 108.
Insect enemies, 30.
Involuta, 109.
lona Herdman, in.
Irish Beauty, 111.
Irish Elegance, 50.
Irish Fireflame, in.
Isabella Sprunt, 1 14.
Ivory, 1 14.

J. B. Varonne, 114.
James Coey, in.
Janet, 1 1 1.
J. B. Clark, 50.
Jeannette Heller, 106.
Jersey Beauty, 109, 115.
John Hopper, 1 11.
John Keynes, i n.
Jonkheer J. L. Mock, 50.
Joseph Hill, 50.
Josephine, 1 1 1.
Juanita, 1 15.
Jubilee, 1 11.
Juliet, 50.

Kaiserin Augusta Victoria,
50.

Kaiserin Augusta Victoria,
Climbing, 115.

Katherinc Zeimet, 113.

Killarneys, 50, 106.

Killarney Brilliant, 50.

Killarney Queen, ill.

Killarney, Striped, 106.

Killarney, Climbing, 115.

Killarney, White, in.

Killarney, White, Climb-
ing, 115.

King George V., 1 1 1.

Konigin Carola, in.

Konigin Wilhelmina, 1 14.

INDEX

119

Labeling, 22, 23.

Mme. Caroline Testout,

Magna Charta, 53.

Labels, copper, 22; zinc;

Climbing, 115.

Magnafrano, 113.

celluloia, stake, garden-
club, Mann, 23; Sim-
plex, 24.

Mme. Chas. Frederick
Worth, 114.
Mme. Charles Lutaud, 52.

Magnifica, 114.
Magnolia Rose, 106.
Maiden's Blush, 108.

Lady Alice Stanley, 50.
Lady Duncan, 114.
Lady Gay, 1 14.

Mme. Charles Wood, in.
Mme. Colette Martinet,
i n.

Mama Looymans, 113.
Maman Cochet, Pink, 53.
Maman Cochet, Pink,

Lady Godiva, 106.
Lady Greenall, 1 1 1 .
Lady Helen Stewart, 1 1 1 .

Mme. Derepas-Matrat,
106, 114.
Mme. de Vatrey, 1 14.

Climbing, 53.
Maman Cochet, White, 56.
Maman Cochet, White,

Lady Hillingdon, 50.
Lady Mary Ward, 50.
Lady Moyra Beauclerc,

Mme. de Watteville, 114.
Mme. Driout, 115.
Mme. Edmond Rostand,

Climbinjg, 115.
Maman Cochet, Yellow,
1 06.

in.

52.

Maman Levavasseur

Lady Penzance, 50.

Mme. Edouard Herriot

(Baby Dorothy), 106,

Lady Pirrie, in.

(Daily Mail Rose), 53.

"3-

Lady Plymouth, 114.

Mme. Elie Lambert, 114.

Manda's Triumph, 114.

Lady Roberts, 1 1 4.

Mme. Eugenie BouIIet,

Manetti, 108.

Lady Ursula, 1 1 1 .

Manetti roses for grafting,

La France, 50, 106.
La France, Climbing, 115.

Mme. Eugene Marlitt,
53-

36.

Manure, liquid, When to

La France, Red (Duchess

Mme. Felix Faure, in.

apply, 1 6.

of Albany), 106.

Mme. F. Kruger, 114.

Map of U. S. A., 18.

La France, Striped, 106.

Mme. Georges Bruant,

Marcella, 113.

La France, White (Augus-
tine Guinoisseau), 106.

109.
Mme. Hoste, 114.

Marchioness of Lome, 1 1 1.
Marechal Niel, 56.

Lamarque, 115.
La Reine, i n .

Mme. Jean Dupuy, 114.
Mme. Jenny Guillemot,

Margaret Dickson, 1 1 1 .
Margaret Dickson Hamill,

La Reine des Neige, 106.

in.

56.

La Roseire, 106.

Mme. Jos. Schwartz, 114.

Marie Guillot, 56.

La Tosca, 50.

Mme. Jules Bouche, in.

Marie Lambert, 114.

Laurent Carle, 52.

Mme. Jules Gouchault,

Marie Leonidas, 108.

Lsevigata, 109.

114.

Marie Pavie, 56.

Lsevigatae, 109.

Mme. Jules Gravereaux,

Marie Van Houtte, 56.

Lena, 114.
Leonie Lambert, 1 1 1 .

115.
Mme. Jules Grolez, 53.

Marion Dingee, 114.
Mark Twain, 113.

Leonie Lamesch, 52.

Mme.J. W. Budde, in.

Marquise de Querhoent,

Leopoldine d'Orleans, 108.
Leslie Holland, in.

Mme. Lambard, 114.
Mme. Leon Pain, 53.

113.
Marquise de Sinety, 56.

Letty Coles, 114.

Mme. Margottin, 114.

Marshall P. Wilder, in.

Liberty, in.

Mme. Masson, 111.

Mary, Countess of Ilches-

Lieutenant Chaure, 1 1 1 .

Mme. Maurice de Luzc,

ter, 56.

Longwood, 114-
Louise C. Breslau, 52.

113.
Mme. Melanie Soupert, 53.

Mary Lovett, 56.
Mawley, Edward, 29.

Louise Lilia, 1 1 1.

Mme. Norbert Levavas-

Max Hesdorffer, 113.

Louise Walter, 52.

seur (Crimson Baby

May Miller, 113.

Lucida, 109.

Rambler), 113.

May Queen, 56.

LucuIIus, no.

Mme. Olga, 114.

Medea, 114.

Lutea, 109.

Mme. Phillip Rivoire, 113.

Meteor, 113.

Luteae, 109.

Mme. P. Euler, 113.

Meteor, Climbing, 115.

Lyon Rose, 52.

Mme. Plantier, 75.

Mice, How to guard

Macartney, 109.
McFarland, J. Horace,

Mme. Ravary, 53.
Mme. Rene Gerard, 114.
Mme. Segond Weber, 53.

against, 27.
Microphylla, 109.
Microphyllae, 109.

92, 105.

Mme. Vermorel, 114.

Mignon, 106, 113.

Macrantha, 109.
Macrophylla, 109.
Mme. Abel Chatenay, 1 1 1 .

Mme. Wagram, 115.
Mme. Welche, 114.
Mile. Augustine Guinois-

Mignonette, 114.
Milady, 113.
Mildew, How to remedy,

Mme. Alfred Carriere, 52.

seau, 113.

6.

Mme. Angel Vayssett, 106.

Mile. Helena Gambier,

Mills, Rev. E. M., 80-97.

Mme. Antoine Mari, 114.

US-

Miniature, 114.

Mme. Bernier d'Arnex,

Mile. J. Phillips, 114.

Minnehaha, 115.

Mile. Louise Crete, in.

Minutifolia 109.

Mme. Camille, 52.

Mile, Marie Mascurand,

Miss Alice de Rothschild,

Mme. Caroline Kuster,

1 13.

$7-

114.

Mabel Drew, 113.

Miss Cynthia Forde, 57.

Mme. C. P. Strassheim, 114.

Madison, 53.

Miss Messman, 1 1 5.

Mme. Caroline Testout,

Maddalena Soalarandis,

Moisture, How to con-

52.

no.

serve, 25.

I2O

HOW TO GROV^ ROSES

Moles, How to guard

against, 27.
Molly Sharman-Crawford,

Moschata, 108.
Moschata alba, 108.
Moscosa, 1 08.
Mosella, 114.
Mosella, Climbing, 115.
Moss, 1 08.
Mousseline, 113.
Multiflora simplex, 108.
Multifolia% iog.
Mrs. Aaron Ward, 57.
Mrs. A. E. Coxhead, 113.
Mrs. Ambrose Riccardo,

113.

Mrs. Amy Hammond, 113.
Mrs. Andrew Carnegie,

113.

Mrs. Archie Gray, 113.
Mrs. A. R. Waddell, 57-
Mrs. B. R. Cant, 57-
Mrs. Bertram T. Walker,

113.

Mrs. Campbell Hall, 114.
Mrs. Chas. E. Pearson,

113.

Mrs. Chas. Hunter, 113.
Mrs. Charles Russell, 113.
Mrs. Con way Jones, 113.
Mrs. Cornwallis West,

113.

Mrs. David Jardine, 113.
Mrs. David McKee, 113.
Mrs. Edward Powell, 113.
Mrs. Forde, 113.
Mrs. Foley Hobbs, 114.
Mrs. F. W. Vanderbilt,

"3-

Mrs. George Gordon, 113.
Mrs. George Norwood,

"3-

Mrs. George Shawyer, 113.
Mrs. Harold Brocklebank,

113.
Mrs. Harvey Thomas,

113.

Mrs. H. Hawksworth, 114.
Mrs. Herbert Stevens, 57.
Mrs. Hubert Taylor, 114.
Mrs. Hugh Dickson, 113.
Mrs. John Laing, 57.
Mrs. J. H.Welsh, 113.
Mrs. MacKellar, 113.
Mrs. Maynard Sinton,

113.

Mrs. M. H. Walsh, 115.
Mrs. Moorefield Storey,

113.

Mrs. Myles Kennedy, 114.
Mrs. O. G. Orpen, 1 10.
Mrs. R. D. McCIure, 113.
Mrs. Richard Draper,

"3-

Mrs. R. G. Sharman-
Crawford, in.
Mrs. Robert Garrett, 113.
Mrs. Robert Peary, 115.
Mrs. Sam Ross, 113.

Mrs. S. T. Wright, 114.

Mrs. Taft, 114.

Mrs. Theo. Roosevelt,

Mrs?t. Hillas, 113.

Mrs. W. Christie Miller,

Mrs7.*W. H. Cutbush, 106,
114.

Mrs. Wemyss Quin, 113.

Mrs. W. J. Grant, 106.

Mulch, dust 6; grass,
leaves, sawdust, peat-
moss, 7, 25.

Mulching, 25.

Multiflora roses for graft-
ing, 36.

Municipal rose-gardens,
95-

Muriel Dickson, 57.

Muriel Grahame, 114.

Muscosa, 1 08.

My Maryland, 50.

My Maryland, Climbing,
115.

Natalie Bottner, 113.
Neervelt, 113.
Nerissa, 113.
New Century, 59.
Nita Weldon, 114.
Noisettes, 108.
Nova Zembla, 114.

Oakmont, in.
Old-Gold, 113.
Oliva, 113.
Ophelia, 59.
Orleans, 59.
Orpet, Mr., 26.

Panama, 113.

Papa Gontier, 114.

Parker, G. A., 91, 95.

Paula Clegg, in.

Paul Neyron, 59.

Paul's Carmine Pillar, 115.

Pearl Queen, 115.

Peerless, 113.

Pemberton, Rev. J. H.,
105.

Perle d'Or, 114.

Perle des Jardins, 59.

Perle des Jardins, Climb-
ing, 115.

Perle des Jaunes, 1 14.

Pernet's Triumph, 113.

Persian Yellow, 59, 109.

Pharisaer, 113.

Philadelphia Rambler, 59.

Pillar of Gold, 115.

Pimpinellifoliae, 109.

Pink Daily, no.

Pink Memorial, Dbl, (Uni-
versal Favorite), 115.

Pissardii, 108.

Plant-food, 7.

Plant roses, When to, 17.

Plant roses, Depth to, 20.

Planting roses, General

rules on, 20.
Platting, 24.
Pomifera, 109.
Powdery mildew, 30.
President Vignet, 113.
Prima Donna (Mme. P.

Euler), 1 06, 113.
Prince Camille de Rohan,

59, I 06.
Prince Charles d'Aren-

burg, 113.

Prince of Bulgaria, 113.
Princess Adelaide, 59.
Princess Bonnie, 113.
Princess de Sagan, 114.
Princess HohenzoIIern,

114.

Prof. C. S. Sargent, 115.
Protection for winter, 26-

29.

Protecting tree roses, 29.
Provence, 108.
Prune, When to, 6, 7.
Pruning, information, 31-

Pruning-shears, 35.
Psyche, 115.
Pyle, Robert, 100.

Queen Beatrice, 113.
Queen Mary, 113.
Queen Olga of Greece, 114.
Queen's Scarlet, 59.
Queen, The, 106, 114.

Radiance, 60.
Rainbow, 114.
Rambler, Crimson, 115.
Ramblers, 115.
Rayon d'Or, 60.
Red-Letter Day, 113.
Red Rose Church at Man-

heim, 100.
Regina Badet, 114.
Reine Carola de Saxe, 113.
Reine Marguerite d' Italic,

Reine Marie Henriette,
115.

Rembrandt, 1 1 1 .

Rene Robbins, 113.

Renee Wilmart Urban, 113.

Repens alba, 114.

Reve d'Or, 115.

Rhea Reid, 60.

Richmond, 113.

Robert Craig, 115.

Roberts, Rev. F. Page, 14.

Roger Lambelin, 60.

Roosevelt, Ex-President
Theodore, 10.

Rose-beads, 101.

Rose-beetle, Spray for, 6.

Rose-bug, 30.

Rose-chafer, 30.

Rose-garden, The ama-
teur's, 3.

Rose-gardens, Famous, 27,
97, 98-100.

INDEX

121

Rose-gardens, Municipal,
95-97-

Rose hedges, 74.

Rose nicotine for aphis, 6,
30.

Rose perfume, 102.

Rose progress, 93, 97-

Rose-slug, Spray for, 6, 30.

Rose test-gardens, 93.

Roses, Appropriate uses
for, 41, 42.

Roses, Attar of, 101.

Roses, Cemetery, 75.

Roses, Dependable varie-
ties of, 43-62.

Roses, Establishing ideals,

Roses, Forcing, 76.

Sodenia, 115.

Soils, 14.

Soleil d'Or, 61.

Solfaterre, 115.

South Orange Perfection,

115.
Souv. de Catherine Guil-

lot, 114.

Souv. de E. Guillard, 113.
Souv. de Gustav Prat, 61.
Souv. de la Malmaison, 61.
Souv. de Pierre Leper-

drieux, 1 14.

Souv. de P. Notting, 61.
Souv. du President Carnot,

113.

Souv. de S. A. Prince, 106.
Souv. of Wootton, 113.

Roses, How to arrange, 5.

Souv. of Wootton, Climb-

Roses, Various uses of,

ing, 115.

Roses, Where to plant, 9.

Spectacular, 113.
Spinosissima, ior>.

Rose d'Evian, 114.
Roseraie de L'Hay, 60.
Roseraie de L'Hay Rose-

Spinosissimae, 109.
Spray, When to, 6, 7.
Standard roses, 13, 73.

garden, Partial descrip-

Staking, 22.

tion of, 98-100.

Stylosa, 1 08.

Roseraie Parfum de L'

Stylosae, 108.

Hay, 114-
Rubigmosa, 109.
Rubrifolia, 108.

Sulphurea, 109, 114.
Sunburst, 61.
Sunrise, 61.

Ruby Queen, 115.

Sunset, 114.

Rugosa, 109.

Synonymous roses, 106.

Rugosa alba, 60, 109.
Rugosa rubra, 60, 109.

Synstylse, 108.
Sweetbriar, 61.

Sweetheart, 106, 115.

Safrano, 60.

Salet, 113.
Santa Rosa, no.

Taft Rose, 61.
Tausendschon, 61.

Scissors, Pruning, 35.

Tea-scented, 108.

Sea-bird, 113.

Temperature in different

Selecting the right roses,

latitudes, 18.

37-41.

Temple of Love, 99.

Semperflorens, 108.
Sempervirens, 108.
Sericea, 109.

Test-gardens, 93.
Thalia, 115.
Thomas, George C., Jr.,

Sericese, 109.

25.

Setigera, 108.

Thousand Beauties, 106.

Shears, Pruning, 35.

Tip-Top, 114.

Shower of Gold, 115.
Silver Moon, 60.

Tomentosa, 109.
Tom Wood, in.

Simplicifolise, 109.

Tree roots, Danger from,

Sinica, 109.

9.

Sir Thomas Lipton, 61.

Tree roses, 13, 73.

Smothering roses, About,

Trier, 115.

27.
Soap, Whale-oil, 30.

Triomphe d'Orleans,
114.

Ulrich Brunner, 62.
Universal Favorite, 115.

Van Fleet, Dr. W., 83.
Varieties, Number of, 37.
Veluwezoom, 113.
Vick's Caprice, 1 1 1 .
Victor Verdier, 1 1 1 .
Villosa, 109.

Virginia R. Coxe, 106, 113.
Viridiflora, no.
Viscountess Enfield, 113.

Walter Speed, 113.

Waltham's Scarlet, 113.

Ward, Admiral Aaron, 81.

War of the Roses, York
and Lancaster Rose, as-
sociated with the, 63.

Wartburg, 115.

W. C. Egan, 115.

Weeds, How to keep down,
25.

W. E. Lippiatt, 113.

WeJIesley, 113.

West Grove, 113.

White American Beauty,
(Frau Karl Druschki),
1 06.

White Killarney, 62.

White Killarney, Climb-
ing, 115.

White Maman Cochet, 56.

White Maman Cochet,
Climbing, 115.

White Soupert, 114.

Wichmoss, 62.

Wichuraiana, 62, 108.

Wichuraiana yariegata, 115.

Wm. Allen Richardson, 62.

Win. Cooper, 113.

Wm. R. Smith, 62.

William Shean, 62.

Willowmere, 62.

Winnie Davis, 113.

Winter Gem, 114.

Winter-protection, 27-29

Winter-protection, When
to remove, 27.

Wirth, Theodore, 29, 79.

Xanthina, 109.

Yellow Soupert, 114.
York and Lancaster, 62,

1 08.
Yvonne Rabier, 1 1 4.

J. Horace McFarland Co., -Printers, Harrisburg, Pa.

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