DRE WP G
NON

ay

Sees

5

EN |
MR ope TRS

LA

oy,

U À

LL it HR
ON
MS

sa. SRE

Re
eke

x

A > CR ate

HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

LIBRARY

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY

pac

BEQUEST OF

>
> WILLIAM BREWSTER |

xX D £3 =
Wee ff = i = 1
MG

J I 7

an iN N : =~
1 we RE >=
2 a) 3 = = =
DEAR Ge 2

=

—_—
RCE mm
= PE

ILLIAM BREWSTERI|L__]

Digitized by the Internet Archive …
in 2013

htto://archive.org/details/hummingbird11891bouc

A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

VOL. 1, NO. 1. Thursday, January 1, 1891. | PRICE SIXPENCE,

Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ; all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.
All other countries, 6 shillings.

D 22

SNS
SSSR ES Er es
NUS es A

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

MR. ADOLPHE BOUCARD,
NATURALIST,

Officier d’Académie, 1878; Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;
Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1865;
de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1889;
Member of the International Jury, Paris, 1889 ; Member of many scientific societies ;
etc. etc. etc. etc.

CONTENTS OF No. 1.—JANUARY 1, 1891.

Preface. Notes on the Genus Pharomacrus.

What is to be seen everywhere in London. An easy way of making £100 a year.

The Mackinley Bill. Report on the last Public Sales of Feathers
The Panama Canal. and Bird Skins.

[ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.]

à
~

il THE HUMMING BIRD.

[January 1, 1891

Change of Address:

225, HIGH

NAT OW: RAA dee Sac

HOLBORN, LONDON W.C.,,

ENGLAND.

A. BOUCARD begs to inform his numerous Friends and Correspondents that he has removed his business
from Paris to London at the above address, in the most central part of the English Capital, where in future
all letters and parcels are to be addressed.
A. Boucard having now in stock about 40,000 Mammal and Bird Skins, 100,000 Insects of all
Orders, 100,000 Marine, Fluvial, and Land Shells, Crustaceæ, Reptiles and Fishes, Ethnological Collec-
tions and Curios from New Guinea, Madagascar, Central and South America, and West Africa is able to
supply all Orders.
Museums, Scicntific Societies and Amateurs are requested to send their lists of Desiderata in every
branch of Natural History which will be attended to as usual with care and alacrity.
From his Correspondents in all parts of the world he is able to procure nearly everything which can

be desired.

All modern Books on Natural History, and Materials of all descriptions for Naturalists can be
supplied immediately at publishing or trade prices.

LIST OF HUMMING BIRDS FOR SALE.

TROCHILIDA, Vig. 1825.

A

s.| 46. Lampornis violicauda, Bodd.’... 2/| 92. Heliothrix barroti, Boure. ...

1. Grypus nœvius, Dum. ... «. 5 | 47. — prevosti, Less. 8 | 93. Eustephanus galeritus, M. …

2. Eutoxeres condaminei, B. .. 40 | 48. — veraguensis, G. 20 | 94. — fernandensis, K. 30
3. — aquila, Bourc. .. 8 | 49. — gramineus, Gm. ... 3] 95. Chrysolampis moschitus, L. … 2
4. — salvini, Gould. 16 | 50. — aurulentus, Vieill.... 20 | 96. Avocettinus eurypterus, L. ... 10

5. — heterurus... ... 16 | 51. mango, Lin. 2 | 97. Heliomaster longirostris, V. ... 3
6. Glaucis hirsutus, Gm. ; ONNE2: Ghalehara buffoni, Less. . 2 | 98. — gtuartæ, Law. ... 4

7. — alfinis, Lawr. sco. 00. BY} BRL — cœruleiventris, R. 5 | 99. — constanti, Del. ... 20
8. Threnetes ruckeri, Bourc. 16 | 54. — isaurae, Gould. .… 40 |100. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus, T. … 4

9. = cervinicauda, G 10 | 55. Aithurus polytmus, Lin. 10 |101. Calliperidia furcifer, Shaw. ... 20
10. — antoniæ, Bourc. ... 20| 56.‘ Topaza pella, Lin. ... 20 1102. Docimastes ensifer, Boiss. SA
11. Phæthornis superciliosus, L.... 4 | 57. — pyra, Gould. ... ... 200 |103. Patagona gigas, Vieill. . 10
12. — longirostris, Li. D... 3] 58. Eulampis jugularis, Lin.... ... 4 |104. Pterophanes temminckii, B. ... 10
53, — syrmatophorus, 15 | 59. — holosericeus, Lin. ... 4 |105. Helianthea bonapartei, B. 4
14. — eurynome, L. … 2] 60. — chlorolemus. ... 30 | 106. typica, Bp. 3
15 — squalidus, Tem. .... 4] 61. Iolæma schreibersi, Bourc. 20 | 107. Galligenta lutetiæ, Del. 10
16. — antophilus, B. . 2j| 62. Oreotrochilus chimborazo, B.. 10 |108. Diphlogæna, iris, Gould. ... 100
il = augusti, Boure. ... 10] 63. = pichinchæ, B. ... 5 |109. = hesperus, G. 100
18. — pretrii, L. Del. 5 | 64. — estellæ, Laf. 100 |110. Bourcieria torquata, Boiss. ... 2
19. — yaruqui, Bourc. 5 | 65. leucopleurus. 10 |111 — fuligidula, Gould. … 4
20. — guyi, Less. … … 4] 66. Lafresnaya flavicaudata, F. ... 21112 — conradi, Bourc. 20
21. — emiliæ, Boure. 4 | 67. — gayi, Bourc. 10 |113. — inca, Gould. 100
22. Pygmornis longuemareush., ... 10 | 68. Petasophora-serrirostris, V. 3 |114. Eudosia prunelli, Boure. ... 5
23: — adolphi, Gould. ... 5| 69. — -anais, Less. ... 2 115. — wilsoni, Del. 10
24, — griseigularis, G. 3| 70. — iolata, Gould. 3 116. Lampropygia cœligena, L. 10
25. — striigularis, Gould. 3 | 71. — thalassina, Sw. 3 1117. Heliotrypha viola, Gould. 20
26. — pygmæus, Spix. ... 3| 72. — cyanotis, Bourc.... 2 |118. — parzudaki, L. 2
27. Eupetomena macrura, Gm. ... 3| 73. — delphinæ, L.... 3 1119. Heliangelus clarissæ, Long. 2
28. Sphenoproctus pampa, Less. … 4| 74. = cabanisi, Law. 4 | 120. — micraster, G. 100
29. — curvipennis 12 | 75. Heliodoxa jacula, Gould. … 10 |121. — strophianus, G. … 8
30. Campylopterus lazulus, V. ... 2] 76. — jamesoni, Bourc. 20 |122. — spencii, Bourc. 60
31. — hemileucurus... 4! 77. — otero, Tsch. ... 16 123. — amethysticollis. ... 100
92: — ensipennis, 8. 3 | 78. — splendens, Gould 20 |124. Eriocnemis vestita, Longue. ... 2
Boe — largipennis. 10| 79. — leadbeateri,B.... ... 3125. — smaragdinipectus. 40
34. = æquatorialis. ... 10 | 80. Phæolæma rubinoides, Bourc.... 3 |126. — nigrivestis, B 40
35, — Pre . 50| 81. — æquatorialis, G. ... 6 /|127.{Nunia cupreiventris, Fraser. 2
36. rufus, L.. . 20 | 82. Eugenia imperatrix, Gould. ... 100 |128. — luciani, Boure. 3
37. Phæochron cuvieri, Del. . 20 | 83. Clytolæma aurescens, G.... 30 1129. Threptria aureliæ, Boure. 2
38. Aphantochroa cirrochloris, . 4) 84. — rubinea, Gould. 3 |130. — russata, Gould. 8
39. Eugenes fulgens, Sw. . 4 | 85. Panoplites jardinei, Bourc. 20 |131 — lugens, Gould.... 20
40. Cœligena clemenciæ, L. ... . 4] 86. — flavescens, B. ... 8/132. — derbiana, Del. ... 60
41. Lamprolema rhami, Less. 6 | 87. — mathewsit, B.... 20 | 133. Engyete alinæ, Bourc. 3
42. Delattria henrici, Less. 12 | 88. Florisuga mellivora, Lin... 2 |134. Aglæactis cupreipennis, B. 3
43. — viridipallens 5 | 89. — fusca, Vieill. 3 | 135 — pamela, Laf. 60
44. Oreopyra leucaspis, Gould. . 30 | 90. Heliothrix auritus, Gm. pou.) 3), IISG" — acquatorialis, G. … 5
45. — calolæma, Salv. ... 26/ 91. — auriculatus, N. … 5137. Hylonympha macroura, G. ,.. 50

January 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD.

One Specimen of the Giant Salamander, from Japan (in

LIST OF HUMMING BIRDS FOR

spirit).

One Female Specimen of Gorilla (Troglodytes Niger), skin and

skeleton.

One pair of the rare Cervidae, Temazate, from Central

America.

Cariacus rufinus. Br,

Price £8.
Price £8.

Price £10.

iN

SA LE—continued.

138. Thalurania glaucopis, Gin. 2 |201. Lesbia victoriæ, Bourc.

139. — colombica, B 2 1202. — gouldi, Bourc.

140. — venusta,... ... .… 4 |203. Heliactin cornuta, Max.

141. — furcata, Gm....- . 4 |204. Thaumastura cora, Less....

142. — furcatoides, G 8 |205. Rhodopis vesper, Less.

143. — nigrifasciata, G. 6 | 206. Amalasia henicura, V.

144. = refulgens, G.... 6,207. — _ elise, Less.

145. — verticeps, G. ... 15 |208. Doricha evelynæ, Boure. .

146. — wagleri, L. 50 1209. — _ bryanthe, Law. ...

147. Hemistephania johanne, B. 20 | 210. Calothorax lucifer, Sw.

148. — ludoviciæ, B. ... 5 |211. pulcher, G. . ds

149. — rectirostris. 20 | 212. Calliphlox amethystinas, CS ces

150. Augastes lumachellus, L.... 40 | 213. — mitchelli, B. … …

Gil, superbus, Vieill. 40 |214. Trochilus colubris, Lin. ...

152. Schistes geoffroyi, Bourc. 8 | 215. — alexandri. B.

153. Urosticte benjamini, B. 12 | 216. Calypte costæ, Boure.

154. Urolampra æneicauda, G. 50 | 217. — anne, less.... .

155. Metallura tyrianthina, B. 2 | 218. Stellura calliope, Gould. ...

156. — smaragdinicollis, 16 |219. Atthis heloisæ, Less....

157. — quitensis, Gould. 41220. — elliotti, Ridgw.

158. Adelomya inornata, G 30 | 221. Selasphorus henshawi, R...

159. — melanogenys, F. 2 | 222. — rufus, Gm. ...

160. Ramphomicron microrhynchus. 3 | 223. — scintilla, G....

161. — stanleyi, B. 10 | 224, — platycercus, Sw....

162. = heterepogon.... 4 | 225. — flammula, S.

163. Eupogonus herrani, Del. ... 10226. Myrtis fanny, Less.

164. — ruficeps, G. 60 |227. Acestrura mulsanti, B.

165. O-yppecn guerini, Boiss. 4 | 228. — heliodori, B.

166. lindeni, Parz. ... ... 20 |229. Chetocercus jourdani. B....

167. Cephalepis delalandii, Vieil.... 4 | 230. — rosæ, Bourc...

168. = oddigesi, G. 50 | 231. — bombus, G. ...

169. Orthorhynchus cristatus. 10 ; 232. Mellisuga minima, Lin. ...

170. — exilis, Gm. 10 | 233. Phæoptila sordida, G.

171. — ornatus. ... 10 | 234. Cyanomya quadricolor, V.

172. Klais guimeti, Bourc. 10 | 235. — violiceps, G. ..

173. — merriti, Law. ... 10 | 236. — cyanocephala, ith

174. Daucis abeillei, Del. .. 5 | 237. — franciæ, Bourc.

175. Microchera albo-coronata. 100 | 238. — guatemalensis...

176. — parvirostris, L. 100 | 239. Thaumatias candidus, B....

177. Telamon delattrei, Li. ... ... 10240. — niveipectus, C.

178. — regulus, Gould... ... 20/241. — viridiceps, G...

179. — reginæ, Schreib. .. b0 |242. — brevirostris, L.

180. Paphiosa helene, Del. :. 10243. — albiventris, L.

181. Lophornis magnificus, V. .. 10/244. — linnæi. Bp. ...

182. — ornatus, L. non (5) eS — fluviatilis, G... :

183. Polemistria chalybea, V.... … 401246. Thaumatias maculicauda, G. ...

184. verreauxi, B. no AOE, — chionurus, G...

185. Gouldia langsdorffi, Vieill. 20 | 248. — cupreiceps, L.

186. — melanosternon, G. 20 | 249. — nigriventris, L.

187. — conversi, Boure. CDD FA OÙ 6 | 250. — leucogaster, G.

188. Prymnacantha popelairii. ... 20 |251. Leucochloris albicollis, V. ...

189. Tilmatura duponti, Less.... 10 | 252. Hupherusa eximia, Del. ...

190. Discura longicauda,Gm.... ... 16 | 253. — egregia, Sc.

191. Steganura underwoodi, L. ... 3/254. Chrysobronchus virescens.

192. — melananthera, J. … 10 |255. — viridissimus. ...

193. Cynanthus cyanurus, S. ... ... 5/256. Amazilia cinnamomea, L...

194. — cœlestis, G. 00812572 — dumerilii, L.

195. — mocoa, Del. ... ... 201258. — leucophæa, R. ...

196. — boliviana, G. ... , 50 | 259. — yucatanensis, C.

197. Sapho sparganurus, Shaw. 60 |260. Pyrrhophæna beryllina, L.

198. — phaon, Gould... .. ... 401261. . — devillei, B....

199. Lesbia nuna, Less. ite 40 | 262. — riefferi, B. … …

200. — amaryllis, Boure.... 4 | 263. — viridiventris, R....

TO ZOOLOGISTS.

FOR SALE.

264. Saucerottia erythronota, L.

265. — feliciæ, Less....

266. — edwardi, Del... 2
267. — niveiventris, G. 2
268. — cyaneifrons, B.

269. — warzeviezi, Cab.

270. — sophiæ, Bouré. … 1
271. Heliopædica melanotis, Sw.

nA

2

8

0

0

2

5

6

5
272. Chrysuronia œnone, Less. 3
273. — josephinæ, B. 20
274. — eliciæ,B. … 6
275. — chrysura, L.... 40
276. Hylocharis sapphirina, Gm. 4
277. — cyanea, Vieill... 4
278. Panterpe insignis, Cab. 50
279. Eucephala grayi, Del. ... 6
280. — coerulea, Vieill. 2
281. Circe latirostris, Sw. ... 20
282. Damophila amabilis, G 5
283. Julyamia juliæ, Bourc. 3
284 — feliciana, Less. ... Spa 3
285. Sapphironia goudoti, Boure. ... 2
286. — cæruleogularis. 16
287. Sporadinus ricordi, d’Orb. 30
288. Chlorolampis canniveti, L. 10
289. — salvini, G. so)
290. Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus.. 8
291. — hæberlini, R. ... 3
292. — nitens, DATA 3
293. — angustipennis. ... 4
294. Chrysomirus atala, Less.... 10
295. — prasinus, Less. ... 10
296. — igneus, Gould. ... 5
297. — aureiventris, L.... 20
298. Panichlora alicim, Boure.... ... 8

299. — poortmanni, B. ... 2
300. — stenura, Cab... ... 10
301. Phaethornis consobrinus, Boure. 10
302. Campylopterus phainopeplus,
Saly. ... 80
303. Lampornis dominicus. 5 25
304. Lophornis pavoninus, Salv. ... 100
305. Cynanthus cyanurus, Var with
greentail … ... 16
306. Cynanthus mocoa, Var smarag-
dinus... ... 20
307. Thaumatias nigricauda, Elliott. 20
308. Pyrrhophæna cupreicauda,Salv, 20
309. Saucerottia erythronota, Var
maculicauda ... 8
310. Chrysuronia œnone, ‘Var longi-
rostris Berlepsch ... .. 4
311. Hylocharis cyanea viridiventris,
Berlepsch .. do JO
312. Chrysomirus daphne. 206 10
313. — comptus, Berlepsch 10
314. — assimilis, Lawr. 10
315. Panychlora poortmannieuchloris,

Berl. ... aati eter RD

316. Hylocharis lactea, Less. 40
317. Thalurania eriphile, Less... 50
318. Nunia mosquera, Boure. ... 50
319. Adelomya maculata .. 10

WANTED.’

Egg of Alca Inipennis.

Fine pair, male and female, Ornithoptera Victoriae, Orni-
thoptera Durvillet.

Fine specimen of Morpho cisseis.

Several specimens of Acherontia Styz, Satanas, medusa, ete,

iv

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[January x, 1891.

TO ORNITHOLOGISTS.

FOR SALE.

Fine mounted specimen of Alca impennis, the Great Awk,

(extinct species).

Pedigree from the date of capture, 1836, to
this date, will be given to buyer.

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of
bird Reinhardtia ocellata Bp., the greatest discovery of the

century.

Price £50

Fine male specimen of the beautiful bird Calyptomena
Whiteheadi, n. sp., the second species known of this rare
genus, four times larger and more beautiful than C. Viridis.

Fine pair, male and female, of the rare Paradise bird.

Semioptera Wallacei.

Price £4.

Fine pair of the magnificent bird of Paradise, Astrapia

nigra.

Pair of Epimachus maximus.

Pair of Paradisea raggiana.
Pair of Parotia sextacea.
Pair of Paradisea rubra.

Price £6.
Price £5.
Price £5.
Price £6.
Price £2 10s.

Pair of Schlegelia willsont (Dyphillodes republica).

Pair of Lophorina atra.
Pair of Ptilornis paradisca.

Pair of Craspedophora magnifica

Pair of Seleucides albus.

Price £4.
Price £4.
Price £2 10s.
Price £2 10s.
Price £4 10s.

Pair of Paradigalla carunculata. Price £5.
One specimen of Casuarius edwardi Price £10.
One specimen of Apteryx Oweni. Price £1 10s.
One specimen of Apterye maxima. Price £8.
One Pair of Meleagris ocellata. Price £6.
One specimen of Chauna chavaria. Price £8.
Ditto ditto stuffed Price £10.
One specimen of Oreophasis derbianus Price £8.
Ditto ditto stuffed Price £10.
One specimen of Argus giganteus, stuffed Price £5.
One specimen of Argus grayi. Price £6.
One stuffed specimen of Chrysolophus amherstine.
Price £6.
One male specimen of Otidiphaps nobilis. Price £2 10s.
One specimen of Hypoleueus carunculatus. Price £4.
One specimen of Strigops habroptilus. Price £1 10s.
One pair of Pharomacrus mocina. Price £2.
One pair of Pharomacrus costaricensis. Price £2.
One pair of Xanthomelus aureus. Price £10.
One pair of Sericulus melinus. Price £1.

One pair of Heteralocha gouldi, female very rare.

Price £2 10s.

By pair it means one male and one female.

WANTED.

Specimens of :—
Fregilupus varius Bodd.
Camptolainus labradorius.
Chrysolophus pictus L. Gmel.
Chrysolophus amherstiae

Leadb.
Pterocnemia darwini Gould
Dromaius nove hollandiæ
Sypheotides macqueeni Gr.
Cariama cristata L.
Chunga burmeisteri Hartl.
Palamedea cornuta L.
Ischyornis derbiana Gr.
Aburria carunculata Tem.
Leipoa ocellata Gould
Polyplectron, all the species

except hardwieki —

Lobiophasis bulweri Sharpe
Alectrophasis cuvieri Tem.
Gennæus nycthemerus L.
Grammatoptilus lineatus
Lath.
Hierophasis swinhoei Gould
Diardigallus diardi Tem.
Lophophorus lhuysii Verr.
Calcophasis sclateri Ierd.
Gallus sonnerati Tem.
Creagrius varius Shaw
Sarkidiornis ægyptiaca Gmel.
Ara ararauna L.
Ara militaris L.
Ara hyacinthinus Lath.
Cotinga amabilis Gould
Cotinga cayana L.

TO ENTOMOLOGISTS.

FOR SALE.
One very fine pair, male and female, of Morpho Godarti
Price £10.

One fine male specimen of the same species.

Ditto medium.

Ditto medium.
Ornithoptera brookiana.

Price £2 10s.

Price £1,
One fine pair, male andfemale of Ornithoptera pegasus.
Price £2 10s.

Pair of Goliathus Druryi, very large and very fine. Price £4.
Pair of Goliathus cacicus, very fine.

Dicranocephalus bowringi 20s.

Ceratorhina morgani 20s.

— hornimani 10s.

Heterorhina imperialis 10s.

Lomaptera albertisi 10s.

— ignipennis 10s.

Steraspis herculana 10s.

Sternocera pulchra 10s.

Catoxantha gigantea 10s.

— eduardsi 10s.

Psiloptera principalis 10s-

Taphrosoma dohrni 10s.

Cyphus germari 28. 6d.

— augustus 2s. 6d.

— nigropunctatus Is. 6d.

Eupholus magnificus 3s.

Psalidognatus boucardi 16s.

— erythrocerus 16s.

Hippocephalus armatus 30s.

Dérobrachus inæqualis 10s.

— brevicollis 10s.

Aulacocerus mundus 10s.

Mallaspis rhomboderi 4s.

— belti 10s.

— xanthaspis 108.

— leucaspis 6s.

Pyrodes pulcherrimus 10s.

Calocomus desmaresti 16s.

Elateropsis lineata 8s.

Crioprosopus splendens 10s.

— tricolor 10s.

Batocera victoriana 20s.

— celebiana 16s.

— gigas 20s.

— _ wallacei 20s.

Sagra buqueti 4s.
Amblychila cylindriformis

10s.

Omus Dejeani 20s.

— audouini 8s.

Oxygonia floridula 16s.

— gloriola 12s.

— buckleyi 12s.

— moronensis 8s.

Carabus valdiviae 88.

— buqueti 8s.

— sybarita 8s.

— elegantissimus 12s.

— castroensis 12s.

— subnitens 128.

— andestus 12s.

— imnexpectatus 16s.

— gloriosus 10s,

— villaricensis 12s.

— hypocrita 20s.

— temucensis 30s.

— darwini 8s.

— bimarginatus 10s.

— chonchicus 12s.

— chiloensis 12s.

— chilensis 10s.

— kraatzianus 20s,

£1 10s.

30s.

£1.
Carabus speciosus 12s.
— mochcae 40s.
— bomplandi 8s.
— robustus 8s.
— tuberculosug 88.
— riffensis 8s.
— aumonti 8s.
Damaster blaptoides 20s.
— fortunei 128.
Haplothorax burchelli 20s.
Cychrus angusticollis 4s.
— elevatus 8s.
— ventricosus 2s.
— alternatus 2s.
— punctatus 4s.
Mormolyce phyllodes 10s.
— hagenbachi 20s.
— castelnaudi 258.
Chiasognathus granti 10s.
— peruvianus 40s.
— gaujoni 50s.
— feisthameli 30s.
— buckleyi 30s.
Macronoxia crinita 5s.
Euchirus longimanus 20s.
Pelidnota burmeisteri 16s.
Proculus goryi 30s.
— mniszecki 10s.
— opacipennis 5s.
Plusiotis resplendens 208.
— batesi 30s.
Chrysophora chrysochlora 4s.
Chrysina mniszecki 16s.
— adolphi 16s.
Anoplognathus grayi 20s.
— mastersi 10s.
— n.sp. 12s.
Golofa imperator 5s.
Dynastes hercules 16s.
Chalcosoma hesperus 20s.
Mesgasoma thersites 10s.
Aegopsis curvicornis 8s.
Lycomedes reichei 20s.
Prionocalus cacicus 60s.
— atys 60s.
Ancisthrosoma buckleyi 4s.
— rufipes 3s.
Mitrocephala humboldti 20s.
Tetracha klugi 5s.
— bifasciata- 5s.
— laminata 5s.
Catoxantha eburnea 20s.
— opulenta 3s.
Goliathus torquatus 20s.
— polyphemus 20s.
Ceratorhina juliae 4s.
— derbyana 8s.
— ruficeps 20s.
-Tmesorhina saundersi 5s.
Dymusa cyanea 2s.
Neptunides polychrous 20s.
Ranzenia bertolini 10s,

January 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. t

Che Humming Bud.

PREFACE.

Tue “ HUMMING BIRD” will be a monthly Re-
cord of everything new in the Scientific, Artistic, and
Industrial World, passing from one subject to another,
as its Synonym does when he is on the wing, flying
from one plant to another in search of food.

At times, it will fly at great distances to see what
is going on there and will return as quickly to its
native place, as often as necessary.

It will give short notices of all modern travellers,
of their new discoveries, new applications of Science
in the Industry, and new artistic Creations, keeping
the readers well informed of all what happens of in-
terest in this immense World ; so as to render this
Journal attractive not only to Scientists but also to
the General Public.

It will contain a Series of Articles on Natural
History, Description of new Species, Notes on the
Habits of Animals, Biographies of Men well known in
Science, Art, and Industry; Reports on Visits to
Museums and Zoological Gardens ; Reports of public
Sales of Scientific Objects, Works of Art and Curios
from all countries, and lastly Reports of scientific,
artistic, and industrial Publications of special interest.

It is open to all, and original Notices on Science,
Art, and Industry, of interest to the readers of the
Journal, will be received with pleasure and inserted in
due time.

Every one is free to reproduce or to translate cor-
rectly and literally all the notices signed by the
Editor, with the only condition that the name of the
author shall be given and several copies forwarded to
the Office of the Journal.

Authors wishing to have their works reported in the
Journal must send two copies.

All communications respecting the Journal should
be addressed to the Editor :

225 High Holborn,
London, W.C.,
England.

What is to be seen everywhere in London.

———————

A few days ago I went for a walk from Holborn
Viaduct to Regent Street and back by the Strand,
and was quite surprised to see in the windows of the
best shops of the London Boulevards some strings
of six small birds of all colours, some white, some
red, some blue, some golden, in fact, all the colours
of the rainbow, and which seemed to belong to
species quite unknown to me, a naturalist, to whom
Ornithology is the favourite study.

I looked hard at them, and you can imagine my
surprise when I saw that they were made-up birds
from all kinds of feathers, badly made, some badly
dyed, and with the most unnatural and grotesque
appearances. I said to myself, surely they must be
toys for children, and I will buy one dozen or two to
give away.

I entered one of these fashionable shops, and asked
the price per dozen of the baby toys, calling them
that name. As soon as the words escaped my lips, I
saw the moment when my life was in danger. ‘Baby
toys!! What do you mean, sir! These are the
latest fashion from Paris, and they are worth from six
to twenty shillings per dozen !”

“ I don’t believe it,” I said. ‘‘It is quite impossible
that in cities like London or Paris exist such persons
as would make use of such poor things as orna-
ments for their hats. When I was a boy I saw in
Paris many of these toys, called then Cocottes, and
which were usually sold at a halfpenny a piece. They
had an elastic string tied to the centre of the body,
and were made to go up and down by pulling the
string.” I could say no more, being forcibly ejected
from the shop.

Really, I had a very bad quarter of an hour after
this, coming back to my place quite dejected.

But being rather tenacious in my opinions, I said
I must clear that up. So I went to see some friends
of mine, great Authorities in science, and great
Industrials, to whom I asked if they had seen these
multicolor birds, and what they thought of them.
Their reply was: “‘ No, we have not seen them, and
we don’t believe that they exist.” So I took them
round to have a good view of these novelties. All of
them were scandalized to see the objects of their
favourite study so absurdly ridiculized. At last one of
them said, “Oh! Ihave it! I know now why these
made-up birds have made their appearance this season
in London.”

It appears that a severe battle has been fought
lately against the wearing of beautiful humming birds,
and bright birds in general, from sympathy to the
poor Innocents. He was right!! This was the true
explanation of the appearance of these fancy birds.
But, good gracious! Why have they made such
poor representatives of Nature? With a little care
and good-will they could have made something worth
having. Then I would have nothing to say; but
having had such a shock when I was ejected from
the above-named shop, where I asked the price
of these toys, only fit for children, I must say

2 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[ January x, 1891

a few words to the general public, and especially
to the fair sex of both worlds, to explain that it will
make very little difference to the wingy tribe, if
Ladies condemn themselves in not wearing as adorns
to their perfections the most - brilliant jewels of
Creation, such as Humming Birds, blue Creepers,
bright Tanagers, wonderful Trogons, and Birds of
Paradise, etc., etc., which enhances so harmoniously
with their charms. I ama Naturalist of forty years’
standing, and have travelled all over America from
Cape Horn to California. I have explored thoroughly
the United States, Mexico, Central America, part of
South America, and what I can warrant is this. In
the southern parts of the United States, Mexico,
Central America, and in Nicaragua, I have seen
thousands and thousands of specimens of various
species of Herons, Spoonbills, Ducks, Geese,
Tanagers, Sparrows, Swallows, Humming Birds, etc.

In San Andres Tuxtla (Mexico) I have been the
witness of the arrival of the swallows (Afirundo bicolor
Viet). They invaded a field of sugar-cane belonging
to Don Francisco Carrère, a friend of mine, where I
was Staying atthe time. Half an hour before sunset
you could see them arrive from all parts of the
horizon, meeting in one compact assemblage. When
all of them had met at an altitude of about 1,500 feet,
they formed a black cloud occupying half of the sky
above our heads. A column exactly similar to a
waterspout, of several feet’s thickness, was seen coming
down from the sky to the ground, dispersing in all
directions over the fields. This lasted about a
quarter of an hour, until they all had taken refuge
for the night in the fields of sugar-cane. Well, I do
not think I exaggerate when I state that they were at
least several hundred thousands occupying nearly half
a square mile. When night came, I went with a
boy to see if I could get some specimens. We
could not see, but we just gave a few knocks with our
sticks on the canes, and the result was about fifty
victims, which I took home and carefully skinned the
next day. ‘These are in the principal Museums of
Europe at the present time. ‘They were very fat and
a splendid eating. All the men on the plantation
feasted on them during their stay, which lasted
about one month. In the morning they used to
move in the same way as in the evening, but the
reverse, forming first a thick column from the field
toa height of about 1,500 feet, until they had all
assembled.
in small bands, and were no more seen until the
evening.

At the end of the month the plantations of sugar
canes were nearly ruined. Another time when in
Playa Vicente (Mexico) I saw another flock of birds
passing over my head. They were Sparrow Hawks
(Cerchneis sparveria). They did not stop in the
locality ; but their passage nearly lasted half an hour.
How many thousands they were! Impossible to tell.

When residing in la Parada, State of Oaxaca
(Mexico), I saw again immense numbers of Humming
Birds (about ten distinct species), Arriana Riefferi

Bourc ; Æeliopedica melanotis Sw ; Petasophora
thalassina Sw; Eugenes fulgens Sw; Calothorax
cyanopogon Sw ; Trochilus colubris L; Selasphorus

platycercus Sw, etc., etc.

Then they separated in all directions .

They remained about two months, from October to
the end of November. At that time flowers were to
be seen in plenty everywhere ; especially some myrtle
trees, thistles, etc., etc. The boys had a net in two
pieces, one and a half yard in circumference each,
to which was attached a string about 20 yards
long.

They opened one side of the net, the other part
remaining.on the ground or in the bush. Between
the two parts they put flowers of the same kinds as
usually visited by the birds. These were so abundant
that scarcely five minutes passed without a humming
bird coming inside the net to suck the flowers. Then
the boy had only to pull the string which he kept in
one hand, the two sides of the net joined together,
and the bird was a prisoner.

They usually caught from 30 to 40 in the day, which
they sold at a cuartillo (14d. dozen) for eating.
Being very fat, roasted, it is a repast which Lucullus
himself would have enjoyed.

I could mention many other cases of the immense
quantity of birds to be seen in America or elsewhere ;
but I think the above-mentioned cases are sufficient.
To resume then. What are about one million or two
millions of birds sent annually to Europe ; chiefly
from Brazil, Trimidad, Colombia, South America
and from India, against such number of birds as
Nature can boast of.

Even supposing that the fashion would continue
for ever, it is my opinion that certain species of Birds
are so common that it would take hundreds of years
before exhausting them.

If Ladies don’t wear feathers as ornaments from
sympathy to the poor birds, to be consequent with
themselves, they must not eat them neither, and they
must not wear any furs for the same reason. Are they
prepared to that? But as I said before, Nature is so
prolific and such a good Nurse that Ladies can make
their mind easy on that point, and continue to use
the beautiful birds which harmonize so well with
beauty, and refuse to wear such poor imitations of
the real thing, as what is to be seen everywhere
in London this year.

Besides, it is very probable that in refusing to wear
them as ornaments, the result desired will not be
obtained, and they would serve of pasture to the
numerous birds of prey, and other animals which
feast on them all the year round.

As far as my experience goes, the yearly Exportation
of Bird Skins is as follows :—

Colombia ... Ae At 200,000 —
Brazil and Trinidad anh 300,000
Mexico and Central America \ 166.300
and South America
Japan 100,000
India 200,000
Africa 100,000
Europe 500,000
Total 1,500,000

What is that! Nothing when you think of the
100,000,000 which are killed annually for eating pur-
poses. However, I should suggest to Governments to

January x, 1891]

prohibit partially the killing of birds in certain seasons
and totally the destruction of Eggs; as also the killing
of all the species of Warblers, and some of the
Passeres, which are quite indispensable to Agricul-
ture.

It would be very convenient to make a list of the
species which could be killed and those which must
be preserved at all costs, and I will help with pleasure
to do so.

Even in Europe it is well known that certain species
of birds are so numerous that it is a good thing to de-
stroy some to make room for others. Ex. Quails, when
coming back from Africa, Crows, Magpies, Black-
birds, Thrushes, etc., etc., etc.

To be continued.

SCIENCE AND ART.
The Mackinley Bill.

The United States of America, a country which can
boast of a population over 60 millions after a Century
since its independence, must be surely the Country of
the future; but it is rather astonishing that in the
middle of sucha prosperity such a bill as the Mackinley
one has found so many supporters; but fortunately
I hope it has not the majority of the country, because
it is a very good thing to be self protecting, but it is
better yet to think of the welfare of all, instead of pro-
tecting a few individuals only. Since partial free trade
has been established in England, every one can see
that the majority of the population cloth and feed
better than before, and the principal ports of England
have become the principal Lxtvepots of Europe. Every
day you can see in the steamers running between
England and France, Belgium, and Germany, mer-
chants coming to London to attend the public sales
which are daily made at the Docks of all the products
of the world, and buying extensively.

Why isthis? Of course because the custom duties
and dock charges are much lower than in any other
ports of Europe.

If there was an increase of duty to-morrow all these
goods would go to other ports and England would
lose greatly by it. Not only a great profit arises to
England from these sales ; but all sorts of goods, eatable
or otherwise, being introduced in large quantities, the
general public profit by it, having many neccessaries
of life at a very reasonable price, which was not so
some forty years back.

I am sorry to say that the United States is the
only Country in the world where objects of natural
history for scientific purposes pay a custom duty rather
high. Not even in Congo or Gaboon such a thing
exists. Jt 7s free everywhere in all parts of the world
EXCEPTING THE UNITED STATES. I call it a shame
and a bad calculation, as every obstacle put in the
way of scientific researches must result against the
country which make use of them, and I hope that the
Government of the United States will repel the said
duty as soon as they possibly can. Again with the
objects of Art. It is the same.

THE HUMMING BIRD. 3

Do you not see, Citizens of America, that now that
you are prosperous and wealthy you are bound to
protect Art and Science as well as Industry.

You are forward as an industrial and agricultural
Country, but although you have some very good men
in Science and in Art you cannot yet struggle suc-
cessfully against the old World, and it is in your interest
to develop and facilitate scientific and artistic studies
everywhere, so as to reach perfection in everything,
and this can only be done in being very liberal with
all what is connected with Science and Art.

You have a great advantage on all the other
Countries, being able to make use of the experience
of all forerunners ; but there are things which only
time can procure and artistic taste is one of them. It
requires a long time to develop fully artistical tastes
in a new country, and it is quite time to begin, and I
hope that you will take the hint given by an admirer
of your great Country. A 1B.

The Panama Canal.
By A. Boucard.

The last fall in the prices of the Shares and Bonds
of tk Panama Canal induces me to say a few words
on this great industrial undertaking which will be one
of the marvels of the World when completed. Suez
Canal is nothing compared with the Panama Canal,
and although Suez is a magnificent work on all aspects,
uniting Europe with the old World of Asia, Panama
has a still greater future before it, because America,
from Oregon to Cape Horn and Australia are the
Countries of the future.

Before long these countries will be very thickly
populated, very rich, and will be the refuge for several
hundred years yet of all courageous families who can
scarcely earn enough to live in the old Continent.
We can easily see the day when America and Australia
will be inhabited all over with a population of several
hundreds of millions. ‘The Pacific Coast from Oregon
to Chili, which is very fertile, is scarcely populated at
present ; but not many years will pass without a great
change is made in that respect. ‘Thence it will prove
one of the best customers of the Panama Canal. From
Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, New Guinea,
Japan, etc., etc., they are bound to send their goods
by that Canal, because if in several instances it don’t
shorten much the distance, a great consideration must
be taken of the facility of crossing the Pacific Ocean.
There is much less danger to life by the Pacific than
by the Indian Seas, and the currents are very favour-
able to navigation either in going or in returning.

I have nothing to say against the actual price of the
Shares, because virtually speaking, since the declara-
tion of non-payment of the Coupons to the Bond-
holders, which are in‘fact Mortgagees of the Canal and
all its accessories, they have lost all their value and I
don’t see any possibility whatever that they can get
anything at any time; but it is not so with the
Bonds.

All what exists belongs to them, and I append a
Memorandum of the Assets which existed in May,1890.

ve où THE HUMMING BIRD.

In cash . : 14 millions
740,000 Bonds, with prime,

unsold, in ihe hands of the

Liquidation at 85 frs. ES G2 ae. 900,000
Remainder of the Shares of i
the Panama Railroad which
have not been mortgaged... 50 ,,
HAD) op 900,000
126,900,000
Hotel in Paris valued in June, 1887 2,005,951

Total 128,905,951 frs.

To this sum of 128,905,951 frs. must be added the
evaluation made by the last Society of Engineers, sent
in 1890, of all the properties in Panama. They have
been estimated at 450,000,000, which gives a total of
578,905,951 francs.

Now I will give a list of the Creditors.
250,000 Bonds of 500 frs. emitted

at 437 frs., 50...
600,000 Bonds 3 pet cent. emitted

109,375,000

at 285 frs. 171,000,000
477,387 Bonds 4 per cent. ‘emitted
at 333 frs. os 158,969,871
438,802 Bonds 6 per eent. ‘emitted
at 450 frs. . 206,469,000
258,887 Bonds 6 per cent. ‘emitted
at 440 frs. é a 113,910,280

Total 759,724,151 frs.

Besides, there was another issue of Bonds, 6 per
cent., payment warranted by a deposit of French
Rents, and lastly, an issue of two millions of Bonds,
with prime, of which 740,000 remain actually in the
hands of the Liquidation. But these two Issues,
having a capital deposited which guarantee their
repayment, cannot figure as Creditors.

We have then, not taking any account of the
450,000,000 of the Properties situated at Panama
(excepting the shares of the Railroad Co.), a capital
of 128,905,951 frs., easily realisable against Creditors for
the sum of 759,724,151 francs.

Consequently, even if the Society was declared
bankrupt, each bond would receive about 17 per cent.
on their price of issue, and probably more, because a
good many Bonds of all Categories have been reim-
bursed, and consequently must be deducted from the
Creditors. Now, if we take in account the estimated
value of the 450,000,000 francs for the property and
works made in Panama, the result would be:

Assets 578,905,951 francs
Debts ee ee 759,724,151,
which would permit to repay about 76 per cent. on
the price of issue of all Bonds, 5 per cent., 3 per
cent., 4per cent. and 6 per cent. first and second issues.

Therefore the 5 per cent. Bond issued

at 437 frs. 50 cent. is worth at least 74frs.374cents.
the Bond 3 Per cent. emitted at ae

frs. is worth . . DT TOITS ASIN
the Bond 4 per ‘cent. emitted at 333

EL 1S) WEIL G60 bou où
the Bond 6 a cent. emitted at 450

frs. is worth . j 500
the Bond 6 FE “cent. “emitted ‘at 440

frs, is worth . BOO) ond tendo w oho MEER CIO): Lop

fe SOfrssO mm nay
TOITS SON,

[ January 1, 180t

Although these sums would recuperate only a very
small part of the loss entailed by the original Sub-
scribers, they are very different to the prices pretended
to be the actual prices of the said Bonds, viz., to-day,
the 16th of December the

Bonds 5 per cent. are quoted 26 frs.
13 penCent hr, yh) TONITSe
PAS DEHICEM tia), » 19 frs. 75 cents.
» 6 per cent. not quoted at all.

One thing is certain, that if you sent a large order
for buying several thousands of these Bonds, I doubt
very much if you could get them, even after waiting
several weeks or even months for the delivery of same
by the broker.

I remember that some months ago myself and
friends gave order to buy a few, and we were obliged
to wait many weeks before they were delivered to us.

Knowing a great deal about the Panama Canal from
its beginning, when I met in Panama, in 1876, the
Comité d’Etudes under the direction of the active
M. Napoleon Wyse Bonaparte, up to the present
time, I would advise all the holders of Bonds to be
firm, to keep by them all what they have, and to
unite. Then I am sure they could get back a great
part of their money, if not all.

Firstly, I suggest to ask from the Liquidator, the
repartition of all the bonds, with prime, now laying
in the hands of the company, to be divided a priori
among the Bondholders.

Secondly, to have an assembly where should be
discussed the question of selling all the assets in
Paris and Panama, either for cash or by exchange of
shares at a price satisfactory to both parties, and in
case of not appearing such Company to realise as
soon as possible all the assets existing in Paris in
cash, properties, prizes gained by the 740,000 bonds
with prime in the hands of the Liquidator, as also to
realise the shares of the Panama Railroad and all
properties realisable, and divide the sum resulting
of these sales, a priori among the Bondholders.

But it would be still better to have a good arrange-
ment with a new Company which can very well give
50 per cent. of the price of issue of the bonds and
make a splendid business of it.

If a company should buy the Canal from the Bond-
holders at that price, which would amount to a little
less than 400 millions, it is very probable that they
could finish the work with 600 millions. The total
cost would be 1,000,000,000 francs (1 milliard).

At that price I have not the least doubt that it
would be a very profitable business for the Investors.

The Panama Canal a few years after its opening
will give extraordinary results, which will astound even
the Shareholders of the Suez Canal.

I knowa great many of the Bondholders who would
take at once some shares in the new Company, and
are quite willing to receive shares of a new Company
in payment of their Bonds.

The 11th of February, 1889, a little time after the
declaration of the liquidation of the Company, I
wrote two similar letters, one to M. de Lesseps, the
other to Mr. Brunet, the liquidator.

The former never replied (a rather strange pro-
ceeding) ; the second replied the 14th of February.

January 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 5

Here are these letters :—

“ Monsieur,

“ Plusieurs de mes amis et moi possédons un grand
nombre d’Actions et d’Obligations du Canal Inter-
océanique et nous sommes de ceux qui ne veulent pas
entraver la Compagnie d’aucune manière ; c’est dire
que nous nous intéressons beaucoup à ce que cette
magnifique entreprise puisse se terminer.

Depuis quelque temps, chaque fois que nous nous
réunissons, nous causons de cette affaire et nous
cherchons une combinaison capable de sauver la
situation et nous croyons avoir trouvé un moyen qui
permettrait probablement 4 la Compagnie de se pro-
curer les sommes dont elle a besoin et qui serait
probablement accepté par la majorité des Actionnaires
et Obligataires.

Il s’agirait de fonder une nouvelle Société d’Action-
naires qui fourniraient à la Compagnie une somme
de cent millions.

Le paiement serait fait moitié en espèces, moitié en
Actions ou Obligations anciennes à raison de la moitié
ou des deux tiers de leur valeur d'émission.

Cette combinaison ferait remonter instantanément
les Actions et Obligations de l’ancienne Compagnie si
dépréciées en ce moment, et procurerait à la nouvelle
Compagnie 50 millions en espèces.

Aussitôt la nouvelle Compagnie formée on émettrait
pour un milliard d’Obligations à lots rapportant
3 pour cent. d'intérêt par an et payable de la même
manière que pour les Actions nouvelles.

Cette opération rapporterait encore une somme de
400 à 500 millions à la Compagnie et nous ne doutons
pas qu'avec ces sommes la Compagnie serait à même
de terminer le Canal.

Celles des anciennes Actions ou Obligations qui
n'auraient pas servi à souscrire auraient toujours le
droit de les échanger pour des nouvelles Obligations à
lots aux mêmes conditions que les autres.

Je ne doute pas que tous les anciens Actionnaires
et Obligataires accepteraient une combinaison de ce
genre ; car en réalité il n’y aurait pas de perte réelle
pour eux; puisque le capital ancien étant réduit par
ce moyen, les bénéfices seraient d'autant plus grands
et leur perte actuelle serait largement compensée par
de plus forts intérêts à recevoir dans l'avenir.

Le capital définitif tant en Actions qu’en Obliga-
tions anciennes se trouverait reduit à 700 millions au
lieu de 1,400 millions d’une part et 450 à 550 millions
de titres nouveaux, soit 1,200 millions en totalité, ce
qui permettrait bien certainement de distribuer de
bons dividendes aussitôt que le Canal serait ouvert à
la navigation.” Agréez, Monsieur, etc., etc.,

° 0

Réponse de Monsieur Brunet, Liquidateur,

Paris, 14 Février 1880.
Monsieur,
‘J'ai reçu la lettre que vous avez bien voulu
m'écrire le 11 février.
Je vous remercie de l'idée que vous voulez bien me
soumettre, j'en prends bonne note.
Veuillez agréer, Monsieur, l'assurance, etc., etc.,
Le Liquidateur, Par Procuration,
Henry NaD...(#egible).

As I said before, M. de Lesseps did not reply to a
similar letter forwarded to him the same day.

Now, I think just the same as on the r1th of Feb-
ruary, 1889, except that the combination proposed
should apply only to the holders of the Bonds 5 per
cent., 3 per cent., 4 per cent., and 6 per cent., who
are the only Creditors of the Company.

I think that a new Company, which could agree
with the Bondholders about the purchase or exchange
of their Bonds at half the value of their issue, would
have a great chance to succeed and would be able to
open the Canal in about four or five years. It would
be of great importance to them to secure, if possible, the
services of M. Napoleon Wyse Bonaparte, who is the
man for it. It is him who has directed the works of
the Comité d’Etudes. He is well acclimated, very
active, and much liked in the country. That means
a great deal. Besides, I believe that he should con-
sider a great honour to terminate what he begun
so well, and really believe by the little that I know
of him that he would accept.

Many persons think that the termination of the
Panama Canal is nearly impossible in consequence of
the great difficulties to be surmounted yet, and that it
would be more easy to open the Nicaragua Canal.

This was my idea too in 1878—idea which I ex-
pressed in the Geographical Congress of Paris, of
which I was a Member, and also Delegate for the
Republic of Guatemala ; but my principal reason for
advocating then the Nicaragua Canal, was not so
much because the difficulties are less by that route ;
but chiefly for humanitary purposes ; because I knew,
for having resided a certain time in both countries, that
fresh meat and all other eatables, especially green
vegetables, were more plentiful in Nicaragua than in
Panama, and could be the means of saving life ; and
I knew also that workmen could be had more easily
in Nicaragua than in Panama; but now that about
half the work is done, I have no doubt that it will
cost less to terminate the Panama Canal than to make
the Nicaragua one.

I am certain that the same difficulties which have
been experienced at the beginning of the works in
Panama will be repeated in Nicaragua. It is always a
very expensive affair to begin a work of such magnitude.

Now, if anyone can prove to me the contrary, I
have no objection whatever to a Nicaragua Canal, and
the only thing I ask, is to be able to go once more,
either at Panama or at Nicaragua, when this marvel
of a Canal joining the Atlantic to the Pacific will
be achieved ; because, as I said before, it will be one
of the Wonders of the 19th Century, and there is no
comparison to be made between Suez and Panama.

In Suez, fellahs could be sent to work in any
quantity, the country was densely inhabited, nearly
everything could be procured from the country or
from Europe at moderate prices, and in any quantity ;
meanwhile, in Panama difficulties of all sorts surround
you, and everything had to be created, workmen were
very scarce, and had to be paid dear, provisions had
to be sent from Europe, etc., etc.

In fact, it is a stupendous undertaking, and no
doubt that all Nations ought to help—at least morally—
the Company, which will undertake the termination of
this magnificent WORK OF ART.

To be continued.

6 THE HUMMING BIRD.

SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

Notes on the Genus Pharomacrus or
Resplendent Trogon.

By

A. BoucaARD.

The genus Pharomacrus was made by /a Llave (a
Mexican naturalist) in 1801 for the magnificent bird
known under the names of Quetzal in Mexico and
Central America, Couroucou resplendissant in France,
Resplendent Trogon in England, Ave del Paraiso in
Spain and America, etc., etc. It is certainly the
finest bird of America. It is found from Mexico to
Panama. In South America it is represented by
other several fine species, but the tail of these species
is quite short. Meanwhile in the specimens from
Mexico and Guatemala it is common to see male
birds with tails measuring over one yard long, and
three inches wide. It is well-known that during the
reign of MOCTEZUMA, Emperor of Mexico, at the
time of the Conquest, the feathers of this bird were
highly estimated for ornamental purposes, and only
the Emperor and his family could make use of them.

What a strange thing to remember this, when four
centuries afterwards, these birds are again actively
searched for the same purpose, especially for the
adornment of the fair sex.

Quezaltenango, a province lying south of Mexico,
but now belonging to Guatemala, had no other
tribute in time of Montezuma than to send yearly the
feathers of one hundred of these birds for the use of
the Imperial family of Mexico.

Actually this identical bird forms part of the
arms of the Republic of Guatemala, and has also
been adopted by that country as effigies for its postal
stamps ; where it shows splendidly and beautifully as
stamp Collectors well know.

Coban, capital of the province of the Alta Vera
Paz, in Guatemala, is the locality where many of these
birds can be got.

During ten years I have received yearly from that
place 600 skins of these birds, for which I paid
28s. 6d. each. I had a constant customer for them,
but a sudden fall of 15s. per bird, stopped completely
the remittance. That was in the year 1876. Since
then very few have been sent, so I hope that they
have had time to multiply again. Only males were
ordered to be killed. Perhaps for that reason they
did not seem to be getting rarer; nevertheless the
hunters had sometimes to go to very long distances
to get them, and they were glad when they could
shoot four or five weekly.

The female of this glorious bird is fine, but nothing
to compare with the male, and its value is very little.
Hence the reason why I ordered to spare them, and
principally also for not destroying this fine species.

Since a few years large consignments have been
made from Costa Rica, and even from Nicaragua ;
but although splendid in colour their tails are not

[ January 1, 1891

comparable to Mexican and Guatemalan specimens.
They are always much shorter and narrower. During
my voyage in Costa Rica in 1877, I saw several of
these birds, and many were brought to me by the
native hunters. In fact, I brought back about 250
with me in London. All of them being alike, I
made a variety of this bird, which I described and
called Pharomacrus mocina, Var costaricensis.—
Ornith. Miscell. Part XI., page 21.

In Veragua (Columbia) south of Costa Rica, this
species is also found; but the tail is again a little
shorter than the Costa Rica specimens.

In Columbia, Venezuela, and Ecuador it is replaced
by two other species, Pharomacrus fulgidusand auriceps,
of which large consigments are made yearly to Paris,
where they fetch the wholesale price of 4s., which I
consider very cheap for such fine birds.

The tail of these species is rather short and only
just remind the splendid tail of P. Mocina. Everyone
would think that these birds must be very common
thousands of specimens being sent yearly to Europe,
but it is not so.

They are rather rare and scarcely seen. They
inhabit the densest and most savage places of the semi
tropical forests, in the barrancas (deep ravines) wheré
it is very difficult to get at them, and it is only due to
the active search made by several hundred native
hunters that a certain number can be obtained.

The native hunter for the sake of 2s. or 4s, per
bird, which is the sum generally paid, searches every-
where for them ; hunting at the same time other birds ;
especially Rupicola peruviana, vulgarly known as Cock
of the Rock, and humming birds which are also found
in the same localities with these Trogons. Between
1000 and 2000 are secured every year.

They are in great demand for Plumassiers purposes
in consequence of their magnificent plumage.

They usually nest in the hollow parts of trees or in
the rocks. They lay only two pure white eggs, the
size of a small dove, but more rounded, similar to the
eggs of Wood Peckers.

The actual wholesale value of these birds is between
rss. and 25s. for the long tail species, ‘and 45. to 6s.
for the South American species.

Now I will give a monographic list of these splendid
birds of which six species and varieties are known.

CLASS AVES.
Orpbo CoccycEs.
SUB-ORDO HETERODACTYLÆ.
Fam. TROGONIDA, Sw. 1831.

Pharomachrus De la Llave, 1801.

Calurus, Sw. 1830.

Pharomacrus mocina, La Llave, 1801.

Trogon pavoninus, Temm.—77ogon paradiseus
Bp. 1826—TZvrogon resplendens, Gould, 1835, Xe-
splendent Trogon.

Male :—Head, Neck, and entire Back metallic
green, with gold reflections, Wing and tail coverts
golden green; some of the wing coverts are nearly

January 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 4

three inches long, pointed, and most handsome, four
of the tail coverts are very long; the two central
being in very adult males, sometimes nearly four feet
long, and three inches wide; the next two nearly as
long, and the others much smaller. Wings pure
black ; tail black, with three internal feathers on each
side white, the third edged with black; Breast
vinous red, flanks, abdomen and under tail coverts car-
mine; feet black ; bill reddish yellow.

Female :—Head and back bronzy green; ‘rump,
wing, and tail coverts, golden green; wings black ;
tail black, with three internal feathers on each side
crossed alternatively with black and white; throat
bronzy green ; breast and abdomen, dark grey ; under
tail coverts carmine ; feet black; bill black, with a
yellow border on the under mandible.

Total length ... 5 feet.
Tail ie 9 inches.
Wing ... sas pies cae
egw ea S00 Beit) Mass
Bill I

22

Native countries :—South Mexico and Guatemala.

Pharomacrus mocina Var costaricensis Boucard,
1879, Ornithological Miscellany, Part XI., page 21.

Male :—Exactly as the preceding species; but
less vinous red on the breast. and the wing; and the
tail coverts are shorter and narrower.

Found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Veragua.

Type in Museum Boucard.

To be continued.

An Easy Way of Making One Hundred
Pounds Sterling a Year in Collecting
Specimens of Natural History at Leisure
Time.

The object of this article is to facilitate to every
one the means of collecting, preserving and sending
home collections of natural history.

By attending exactly to the following instructions,
any resident in Europe, excepting France, England,
Germany, Belgium, Austria, and other neighbouring
Countries which have been well explored; and in
Asia, Africa, America, or Oceania, may collect easily
in one year specimens worth one hundred pounds
sterling.

To obtain this result, it is necessary only to employ
Sundays and other holidays in exploring the neigh-
bourhoods of the place of residence, and collect
Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, Seeds, etc., etc.

These scientific excursions will not only be very :

instructive and amusing; but, at the same time, very
favourable to health and interests.

I have never enjoyed better health than during the
fifteen years I have been living in America as a
Traveller-Naturalist.

I shall now proceed to show that, in one year, it
is easy to collect 250 specimens of Reptiles and
Fishes, 4,000 Insects, and 1,200 Shells.

Supposing that not more than fifty days can be
employed in making collections; this will require as
fruit of each day’s labour 5 Reptiles, 80 Insects, and
24 Shells.

The success of a collector must be very bad, or the
country very poor, if a larger number than the above
be not obtained ; because in all my voyages, I have
always collected easily in one day, 10 Reptiles, 100
Insects, and 30 shells, and sometimes many more.

Reptiles may be sold with facility at one shilling
each, the Insects at one pound sterling per hundred,
and the Shells at one pound per hundred; so that it
would only be necessary to collect very few Crustaceæ,
Seeds, bright-coloured Insects, or any thing else,
to obtain for them the sum of £33 in order to arrive
at the total of £roo for the year. Therefore, if in
fifty days you can obtain such a result, it is quite sure
that any person who can dispose of all his time, will
collect in the year objects of natural history worth
4200 or more, especially if he collects also Bird and
Mammal Skins.

But, in the first as in the second case, to obtain this
result, it is necessary to attend exactly to the following
instructions ; the value of collections depending chiefly
how they are collected as well as their perfect state of
preservation.

I invite all persons who intend collecting objects
of natural history to come and see me. I will give
them all the necessary instructions to facilitate their
success, and a few practical lessons, which may be
very useful to them. Persons living abroad can
write.

REPTILES AND FISHES.

Reptiles are divided in four Orders.

1. Chelonii, or Turtles and Tortoises.

2. Saurii, or Lizards, Camelions, etc.

3. Ophidii, or Snakes.

4. Batracii, or Frogs.

Turtles and Tortoises are to be collected in the
sea, the rivers, the lakes, near the water, and in the
damp plains.

Other Reptiles must be searched for under stones,
bark of decayed trees, on old walls, on branches and
trunks of trees, near rivers and on the ground.

They may be taken with the hand or with nippers
and put into a bottle with alcohol.

Several species of snakes are venomous; before

taking, it will be necessary to strike them one or two
blows in the middle of the back-bone with a very
flexible stick, taking care not to spoil the skin.
_ Fish may be caught with fishing rods or nets, in the
sea, rivers, lakes, etc., and put immediately in a bottle
with alcohol, especially if you are ina hot country,
and far from your residence.

When you get back to your house, they should be
taken out of the bottles, and cleaned in a linen cloth ;
then make an incision in the belly of the animal to
allow the penetration of the alcohol in the intestines,
and put them in a large bottle containing fresh
alcohol or any other strong spirit.

To be continued,

8 THE HÜMMING BIRD.

[ January 1, 1807

‘Report on the Public Sale of Feathers and | Rapport sur la vente publique de Plumes et

Bird Skins, December, 1890.

——— —
Fair demand for all kinds of Osprey feathers. Nearly all
the lots offered were sold. Short selected declined from

10s. to 15s. per oz. Price steady for the other sorts. Bird
skins in general sold badly, especially Hast India consign-
ments.

Birds without a price affixed were not offered at this
month’s Sale.

1s.=one shilling=1 fr. 25=1 mark=25 cents.

1d.=one penny =10 cent.= PATES
8. d. 8. d.
Long Osprey (per oz. to que … 15 0 to 18 0
» inferior 600 pao, lt)
Short » superior aes eee soo)
53 », selected we bon … 66 0
» inferior 000 dE Goo ile) (OÙ, py aa)
Brown Osprey a 000 000 oop db yy LG)
Red de 556 ass segs igs Moi 8
Mixed Heron Ree Ree ae eee) REC
Heron wes os lo 0) 37:20) 0
White Paddy, ‘first quality aoe soo 6 (0
5» second ,, ... FLE … 18 0
Grey Paddy . soo SM) gg KE (1)
Peacock, neck feathers blue, per Ib. Ree OPO ae
ne gold Ge salty Oe aes
D eyes, bundle of 100 er em O 22),, 0 22
Short Osprey, flat skins, each 6 000
Impeyan Pheasant, round skins, each .. 3 0 , 3 6
Red Argus 5 5
Black ,, ” ”
Green Japanese do. ,
Red 5 do. a ae
Bird of Paradise, male _,, ln O0
female ,, TEL Oo RO wane
Rifle Bird of Paradise, ,, ieee fe GES
King ys flat skins Bee Ln Sees € ST
Green Beaty LRO REC aL
Indian Parrots, various, round skins ... O O8,, O If
Birds, various,from India 0 co D OF O I
Red Head Manakin, 55
Blue Creeper, 69
Green ,, %
Starling, 3
Magpie, A
Blue Metallic Merle, a
Green ,, 9 0
Gaboon Merle, D
Ptarmigan, D
Cock of Rock, 5
Indian Crow, 3
Large Owls, D
Medium ,, 6
Sea Swallow, Medium, 5
Red Tanager, ce 0 9 , #010
Yellow and Black do. 5 Ova: Os
Five Coloured Finch Ms 010 ., +21 0
Tanager, various, dé AT MIO re TION
Hoummina Birps, round skins.
Blue Long Tail, ” see
Green ,, ,, ch ane
Large Humming, 50
Green Golden Humming, large, ,, OB ym OMG
D 1 ” small, ,, Ore 7 O 7
Ruby Humming, s5 OMS O &
Female ,, various, ri 0 14, 0 24
Crested Humming, Fa 0 2
Amethyst ,, 5

Mr. A. Boucard will be happy to execute Commissions for
Gentlemen who cannot attend the Sales.

d’Oiseaux à Londres, Décembre 1890.

==

La demande a.été bonne pour les plumes d’aigrettes longues
et courtes, et presque tous les lots offerts ont été vendus.
Baisse de 10 à 15 francs par once sur l’aigrette crosse courte
de premier choix. Prix fermes pour les plumes d’aigrette
blanche longue et pour les plumes de hérons divers. Baisse
sur tous les Oiseaux en général, et tout particulièrement sur
les provenances de l’Inde anglaise.

Les oiseaux non-cotés n’ont pas été offerts à la vente de ce
mois.

1s. égale 1 fr. 25 cent., 1 mark= . cents.

1d. ” 10 ” LB)

ge
nr
@
©

Aigrette blanche longue, l’once oo 15
Aigrette blanche longue, inférieure ooo. dll
courte, supé;ieure … 50

LE LE]
9 choisie ... .… 66

LE] LE]

Sovnwoococoom

9 Do Be inférieure 060 118 38 0
5 brune Se dés de AE OX L ss ONG,
5 rouge 56 cu 000 Rs re RE RE
Plumes de Hérons divers aks BAO 0430 We? eG
» @ Anhinga ... ae oe 15 » 20 0
Marabout blane, 1re qualité A oo 86 ‘5
e iP 2° ee Eby aT OO aes
of gris 000 ae OO 2b « ©
Paon, plumes du cou, la livre 566 Soe POT OR x
3 5 dorées ee Ms et Ore,
», (queues) … O 14,, O 22%
Aigrettes blanches (peaux plates) _
Lophophores, peaux rondes, chaque 3.0, 3 6
Argus rouge, 5 500
» noir, AS C00
Faisan vert du Japon, 99
» rouge im i eee
Paradis jaune, male, me malo OL 3.
me », femelle, 5 ISO
Paradis Gorge d’acier, oo de
Petit Paradis King, peaux plates... 1 3 , 1 7
a vert et jaune, 6 st CT DES SITE
Perruches de l'Inde, peaux rondes … O 08,, O 14
Oiseaux divers de l’Inde, 5 - 0 02, O1
Manakin à tête rouge, i ses
Guit guit bleu, 1 50
dp vert, DE 500
Sansonnets, a 200
Pies, se o6e
Merle métallique bleu, p
29 LE vert, ” 200
cp 90 du Gabou, ,,
Gelinotte, a 606
Coq de roche, 50
Pie sanglante, dE sec
Chouettes grandes, 0 25
5 moyennes, ” tee
Sterne moyenne, D .
Tangara rouge, 7 0 9 , O10
Fe noir et jaune, A DT,
Tangara quinticolor, 5 OMLO M 110
5 divers, a 04, 0 8
Oiszaux MovucuHes, co
King à queue bleue, ”
Oiseau mouche vert à longue queue
Oiseaux mouches, grands ..._ ..
FA vert dorés, grands 5 0 3 , 90 6
verts dorés, petits .. 0 4 ,, O 7
Rubis Topazes, ee O0 DRE 0h -S
Oiseaux mouches, femelles diverses 0 14,, 0 24
Oiseaux mouches a huppe dorée ... 0 2

Clarisse et Parzudaki eee mae

La maison Boucard se charge des commissions d’achat qui
lui seront envoyées par les personnes ne pouvant assister aux
Ventes.

anuary 1, 1891] THE HUMMING BIRD. v

BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO.

NATURALISTS AND FEATHER MERCHANTS,

225, High Holborn, London, W.C., England.
COMMISSION. EXPORTATION.

Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural
History, Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all
orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ;
Crustaceæ and Arachnide in spirit; Ethnological collections from all parts; Showy Bird Skins and
Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for
Artificial Florists ; Rare old Stamps, used and unused ; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, etc.,
etc., etc.

All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottier
& Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best
prices for them.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. beg to advise Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they
undertake to stuff from a Humming Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices. Only experienced and
scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for that work, which will always be of the best class.

An inspection of their Galleries, where a large number of specimens are always on show, is solicited.

Special fabrication of Mamwazs and Birps Eyss at wholesale prices which defy all competition, either
as quality or price. See special Advertisement.

New Sranps ror Birps, suitable for Museums and Scientific Institutions. No one should be without
them. The appearance of the Birds on these stands is unequalled, and everyone should adopt them and
renovate the old ones. See Advertisement.

TO PLUMASSIERS AND FEATHER MERCHANTS.

Lots of PLUMES and BIRD SKINS, consigned to the Naruratist’s Acency Orrice and for sale.
ALL THE SKINS ARE OF FIRST QUALITY.

1 Lot of 12 Rifle Birds from Australia (magnificent skins) 1 lot de 12 Paradis gorge d’acier de l’Australie (peaux splen-
Price £13 4 0 dides ... a Prix 330 fr.

1 ,, ,, 12 Regent Birds (very fine cen … £4 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 12 Régents d’ Australie, “très belles pente .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Mock Regents ... ak … £6 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Faux Régents Ase … 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 60 Sterna minuta ... 000 ee « £7 0 0/1 ,, ,, 60 Sterna minuta Bee Aap Ast LOT.
1 ,, ,, 50 Sterna various ... 000 APE … £4 0 O0 |Z1L ,, ,, 50 Sternes variées … 660 ae … 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Fire back Pheasants … xe .- £5 0 0] 1 ,, ,, 50 Ithagines ... 125 fr.
1 ,, ,, 10 Red and Black Argus ... sé … £4 0 O0 |1,, ,, 10 Argus satyres à ventre rouge et à à | vente

NOIN 7-2 He 300 .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 6 oz. Long Osprey .. eh … £9 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 6 oz. Aigrette longue .. coo | PRIS a8,
1 ,, ,, 20 skins Short Osprey, selected a … £8 0 0 | L ,, ,, 20 Peaux Aigrette crosse, 1ère qualité .… 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 Red Osprey, flat skins ... se … £3 0 0/1 ,, ,, 20 Aigrette rouge, peaux plates ee TOME.
1 ,, ,, 20 Long Tailed Trojans ... … £20 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 20 Couroucous à longue queue -- 500 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 ditto from Columbia (splendid skins) … £8 0 01] 1 ,, ,, 20 ditto dela Colombie, peers de ler choix

et bien preparées …. … 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Cock of Rock, 1st choice 000 .. £10 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Cogs de roche, ler choix doc aie ... 250 fr.
1 ,, , 20 Red Paradise birds, sound skins -. £10 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 20 Paradis rouge, peaux rondes ... soon PAX0) ane
1 ,, ,, 100 Rollers, flat skins acc … £4 0 011 ,, ,, 100 Rolliers, peaux plates … … 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 100 King Fishers Pee … £6 0 O0 | L ,, ,, 100 Martins pécheurs, peaux plates... … 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 100 Sea Snipes, various, Ae skins … £4 0 0/1 ,, ,, 100 Becassines Pluviers, etc., belles peaux... 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Sea Gulls - CHE ae … £3 0 0/1 ,. ,, 50 Goelands et Mouettes a 000 co Wh) de
1 ,, ,, 2 Golden Turkey, fine sking See .. £6 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 2 Dindons ocellés, belles peaux aes MeO OLtne
1 ,, ,, 10 Goura Pidgeon from N. Guinea … £6 0 0/1 ,, ,, 10 Pigeons Goura de la N. Guinée ... soo aX) a
1 ,, ,, 50 Wild Pidgeons ... Kh ase .. £4 0 O0 | L ,, ,, 50 Pigeons sauvages ... O00 said ... 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 Small Bustard ... vis aa .. £4 0 O0 | L ,, ,, 20 Petites Outardes ... ave sis .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 25 African Red Partridge ... an . £2 0 O0 | L ,, ,, 25 Perdrix d'Afrique ... M Se 60. OÙ 18,
1 ,, ,, 50 Californian Quails O08 a … £3 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Colins de la Californie … ois ooo. i's) sie
1 ,, ,, 20 Mandarin Ducks Ar is … £4 0 O0 | L ,, ,, 20 Canards mandarins EE Bae .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Hawks, various aa thay … £5 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Oiseaux de proie, divers ... se 125 Tr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Large Owls PE Sat se … £6 0 O0 | L ,, ,, 50 Grandes Chouettes eke Bae co NEO hy
1 ,, , 50 Owls, medium. ... Ag ee -. £2 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Chouettes moyennes ab eee sou 0) The
1 ,, ,, 50 Scops sae dés wee nee «- £6 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Chouettes Scops ... wos Sie …… 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 Barn Owls aie 090 a … £8 0 0! 1 ,, ,, 20 Chouettes Effraies … 600 Bal .… 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Parrots, various. 000 ies … £4 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Perruches diverses... Le aes ... 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Grey King Fishers ac «- £6 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Martin Pécheurs gris Goo oan .… 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Mexican Jays, new to Plumassiers … £8 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Geais du Mexique (nouveauté) ... wae 200) fr.
1 ., ,, 25 Mexican Wood Peckers.. LE … £210 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 25 Pics à Baguettes ... De sen 62 fr. 50 c.
1 ,, ,, 50 Golden Oriole ... ae wae .. £4 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Orioles, dorés we AS as .- 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Shrikes ... Me oe ‘ee … £210 0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Pie Grièches Bot nee Wee 62 fr. 50 c.

HUMMING BIRD.

[January 1, 1891

vi THE
E Lot of 100 Hoopooes go Price £6 0 O
1, ,, 50 Wax Wings Pte Mae: £3 0 0
1 ., ,, 50 African Humming 566 Bho 02000
1 » » 100 Blue Creepers ... + wats ee HD: 0
lt |, ,, 50 Green Creepers .. soo ae 500 wees © Qe)
1 ,, ,, 50 Red Tanagers ... ni .. £210 0
1 ,, ,, 100 Yellow and Black mance ihe soo 45 OO
1 ,, ,, 50 Five Coloured Tanagers th oo EL OH)
1 ,, ,, 100 Tanagers, various ... dos … £2 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Mexican Starlings he ae ooo ts De)
1 ,, ,, 100 European Starlings ... ut … £2 0 0
1 ,, ,, 25 Blue Jays... is ne ae Be Ee OO
1 ,, ,, 50 Alpine Crows... Ne a .. £4 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Metallic Starlings i sa ss HE OO
1 ,, ,, 50 Large New Guinea Pitta Bue co 6) OO
1 ,, ,, 25 Royal Fly Catchers... ase … £5 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Fly Catchers, various ... ta PAC 2 OO)
1 ,, ,, 50 Yellow-Headed Manakins aes coo El Set
1 ,, ,, 50 Red and Black ditto ... si doo EX BW)
1 ,, ;, 20 Goat Suckers... 450 00 EL O
1 ,, ,, 100 Swallows ae 7. O00 .. £4 0 0
1 ,, ,, 10 Bower birds ; : ae elo) 0
1 ,, ,, 100 Green Humming, all males 006 £2 10 O
1 ,, ,, 100 Amethyste Humming .. £4 0 0
1 ,, ,, 100 Large Humming 000 £2 10 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Ruby Topaz Humming... £210 0
1 ,, ,, 25 Long Blue Tail Humming £5 0 0
1 ,, ,, 10 Fire Tail Humming : £12 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Long Tail Humming, various . £4 0 0

JUST ARRIVED,

1 Lot of 5 Magnificent Fire back Pheasant; quite new
to Plumassiers (A SPLENDID Br) Price £8 0 0

1 ,, ,, 25 Macaws, flat skins £4 0 0

1 lot de 100 Huppes … “00 ong … Prix 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Jaseurs ove ae 50 nee 75 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Sui manga ... are 50 fr
1 ,, ,, 100 Guit guits à tête blene 000 125 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Guit guits verts Bo 50 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Tangaras rouges oan 62 fr. 50 c
eR ao OO Tangaras noirs et jaunes 100 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Tangaras, quinticolor 100 fr
1 ,, ,, 100 Tangoras divers ... nee 50 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Etourneaux du Glave aes 125 fr.
1 ,, ,, 100 Sansonnets.. RAIN Ay 50 fr
1 ,. ,, 25 Geais FF 656 ae ono 0) $88
‘1 ,, ,, 50 Corbeaux des ‘Alpes SE Oe «. 100 fr
1_,, ,, 50 Merles Métalliques bleus ... LA … 100fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Grandes Bréves, de la N. Guinée … 200 fr
1 ,, ,, 25 Gobe mouches royaux co … 1265 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Gobe mouches divers tee 50 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Manakins à tête jaune … 36 fr. 25 ¢
1 ,, ,, 50 Manakins à tête rouge 36 fr. 25 c
1 ,, ,, 20 Engoulevents mae 600 500 50 fr
1 ,, ,, 100 Hirondelles aoe oc 600 100 fr
1 ,, ,, 10 Oiseaux satinés © 62 fr. 50 c
1 ,, ,, 100 Oiseaux mouches Verts, tous mâles 62 fr. 50 c
1 ,, ,, 100 Clarisses et Parzudaki : 100 fr
1 ,, ,, 100 Grands Oiseaux mouches divers 62 fr. b0c
1 ,, ,, 50 Rubis Topazes 550 ay 62 fr. 50c
11, ,, 50 Kings Re 600 125 fr
1 ,, ,, 10 Saphos ou Queues de feu . 300 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Oiseaux Mouches à longue queue 100 fr
DECEMBER, 1890.
1 ,, ,, 100 Hoopooes Prix £6 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Indian Crows £7 0 O

TO ARTIFICIAL FLORISTS, JEWELLERS,

etc.

BEG) Buys teN Sy Crise

1 Lot of 25,000 Blue beetles ... ; Price £4 0
1 ,, ,, 25,000 Green ,, large ... az 500 ests @
Lj, ,, 25,000 _,, » small ... He vie BA 0
1 ,, ,, 25,000 Purple ,, ... oe one =. £8 0
1 ,, , 1000 Golden Phaneus aah san El) À
1 ,, ,, 5000 May Bugs. … ad Fi T0
1 ,, ,, 1000 Golden Antichira nee .. £10 0
1 ,, ,, 1000 Large Green Buprests ie .. £4 0
1 ,, ,, 1000 Golden Buprests os a3 fet ean 0
1 ,, ,, 500 Ocellated Buprests .., Sc 00, ee
1 ,, ,, 50 Diamond Beetles oF scp aon ea). 0)
1 ,, ,, 500 Brazilian Golden Cacides ase £4 0
a Le eae E00: BHiernies om Res cae in papers £4 0

Fooococooocooceooco

: Lot de 25,000 Hoplies bleues Prix 100 fr.

RAS 95, 000 Grandes Chrysomèles verted 5a 125 fr.
5 5» » 25,000 Petites Brice 100 fr.
DNS: 95, 000 Chrysomèles violettes 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 1000 Phaneus dorés ans 250 fr.
1 ,, ,, 5000 Hannetons x 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 1000 Petits Hannetons vert dorés 2e 250 fr.
1 ,, ., 1000 Grands er vert dorés ... 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 1000 Buprestes dorés . +. 100 fr.
1 ., ,, 500 Buprestes ocellés.. 125 fr.
1 ,. ,, 50 Chareucons dorés ... 125 fr.
1 ,, ,, 500 Cacides … 100 fr.
i “on CRD a’ Afrique 100 fr.

Ee Sr is

OF THE

PRICED UTENSILS

NECESSARY FOR COLLECTING

REPTILES, FISHES, ae ere etc,

Benzine bottle : 1s. Od.
Tin box for collecting Insects, "from .. ass de 1s. 6d.
Bottle... ES 566 Me is Os. 3d.
Glass ibs or phials, Gris 608 86 Ge 1s. Od.
Digg oe : ae se aes ae 2s. 6d.
Butterfly nets, from... ae 368 aa 1s. 6d.
Sweeping and water, nets from 506 ae bis 2s. 6d.
Umbrella for Insects, from ... te ahs ma 8s. Od.
Cork in boards, per doz., from ee sats aa 28. 6d.
Pins for Insects, per thousand, from BEA ee 1s. 6d.
Pill boxes, per gross, from ... nee as nee 4s. Od.
Corked boxes for Insects, from Aa see sas 1s. 6d.
Wooden box same size fan #6 sos Als 1s. Od.
Boucard’s Insecticide, per oz. 500 aes 500 Os. 6d.
Flax, per pound O00 500 nes sg Os. Gd.
Cotton-wadding, per sheet ere SE Seta a Os. 6d.
Nippers, from ... on 50 300 1s. 6d.
Fishing rods with accessory, from... 28. 6d.

Other Utensils for collecting Mammals, Birds, ete. are to be
obtained at the Naturalist’s Agency, 225, High Holborn,
London, W. C.

BOUCARD'S INSECTICIDE POWDER

against M1ITES INSECT LARV etc.
Wholesale and Retail.

Success guaranteed ——

This new Powder is of easy use, not dangerous to manipu-
late, and a good disinfectant against CHoLERA morgus and all
EPTDEMTIC DISEASES.

It destroys immediately all vermine, such as Furas, Bus,
Mirzs, Larva or DERMESTES, etc.

Sixpence for a trial packet of one ounce. It lasts a long
time, a small quantity being necessary each time.

Trades supplied at a liberal discount.
No House oUGHT TO BE WITHOUT IT.
Once tried, always used !

COCOA BUTTER.

Guaranteed pure.

Very useful to soften the skin, a preservative against
CuHarEp Hanps and CHILBLAINS and a remedy for Curs, Burns,
etc. ete.

Sold in cakes, Sixpence and one shilling.

January 1, 1891] _ THE HUMMING BIRD. vil

STAMPS (continued).
TO STAMP COLLECTORS. Be Aides be!
= 1867—71, 3d. Wmk. star surcharged in red fine copy 25s.
FOR SALE. | Vicrorra :—
New Sourn WALEs:— | 1d. red unused ... au oa Be … 128.
1850, 2d., Sydney View oe 009 … 208. | 1852, 3d. blue (Perforated) ... ane 500 odo iE
59 Où laid paper JE 258. 1862, 3d. dull lake lee Co 500 BO .… 108.
185456, Imperf. 8d. yellow, Bod margin on 3 sides, | WESTERN AUSTRALIA :— i
fairon 4th ... 25s. 1855, 1s. brown uncut ... Se a Hs … 208.
CANADA :— UNITED STATES :—
1856, 10d. blue, fine copy ose tee tee … 128. 1869, 90 cents, red and black, fine copy ... 500 tLe
MAURITIUS : — z : eB
1848, 1d. red, worn plate 000 Ke eae ann 3.
1859. 2d. blue, Greek border ... 3 a ARLES. WANTED.
Mexico :— f paws
1867, Gotic surcharge, 4 reals, rose on lilac, fine copy 10s. Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to
8 real, black on brown; fine copy ee ... 80s. | which none have been added since the last 20 years.
Navan :— Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-
1857—58, 1d. buff, fair copy ... Bo ee .… 18s. | ally Colonials and old German states.
3d. pink, fair copy... ses Dao … 15s. Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.
ele Gen EE CON) ok tae ao LUE Old unused English and Colonials.
New ZEALAND :— Ola k t
6d. brown, pelure paper... i, wee … 68. WOLKE ON BValMpee
1g. green. imperf. Wmk. N. Z. 4 7s. 6d. Proofs of stamps, etc. etc.

TO BEot EX ren Splendid VILLAS, with Beautiful Gardens,

at SAN REMO, the well known Winter Resort,

OR SOLD 40 minutes from MONTE CARLO.

Apply at the ee of the Journal.

TO CONCHYLIOLOGISTS. __ TO ZOOLOGISTS.

JUST ARRIVED. JUST ARRIVED.
1 Lot of 100 Diptera from Japan Price 25s.
A large collection of Shells from Japan which are to be sold 1 Lot of 100 Orthoptera from Japan Rd

at very moderate prices.

1 Lot of 100 Neuroptera from Japan Price 35s.
Also Shells from Centrat America, N. Arnica, New GUINEA, 1 Lot of 100 species of Butterflies from Japan Price 150s.
etc., etc. : 6 : F 1 Lot of 200 species of Moths from Japan Price 200s.
List of these will be published in successive numbers. 1 Lot of 100 Coleoptera from Japan, including Damaster
: fortunei and other rare peus Price 508.
1 Lot of 100 species of Shells Price 100s.
FOR SALE. 1 Lot of 100 Crustaceæ from Japan Price 100s.
100,000 Marine, Fluviatile and Land Shells, about 20,000 | 1 Lot of 100 Sea Urchins from Japan Price 100s.
species (collection of Mr. Boucarv). It contains the celebrated 1 Lot of 302 Coleoptera from Morocco Price 75s.
Saunders, Layard, Walpole, and Fritsch collections and many 1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Guatemala Price 100s.
others, and a very large choice of the species collected by 1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Venezuela Price 100s.
Messrs. Wallace, Cuming, Brewer, French, Sallé, Wallis, 1 Lot of 100 Moths from Venezuela Price 80s.
Bartlett, Chesterton, Buckley, Crossley, Duboulay, Majastre, 1 Lot of Coleoptera in spirit from Venezuela, 10 bottles
Planos, Reed, Rebouch, Bland, Gabb, ete. etc., ete., as also all | Containing thousands of specimens. Price 50s.
the Shells collected by Mr. Boucard in N. America, Mexico, ne a of ee Butterflies from West Africa in Pen enr
: araxes, etc. 4
CORAN ARTE ONE MOOD CE 1 Lot. of 100 Butterflies and Moths from India, many fine
species of Papilio etc. Price 100s.
TO ETHNOLOGISTS 1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Trinidad including a rare
; species of Morpho Price 80s.
ROSE LEE 1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Borneo, containing many rare
Papilio, etc. Price 100s.
FOR SALE. 1 Lot of 100 Coleoptera from Brazil Price 20s.

Twelve finely carved Arrows and 1 Bow from New Guinea

Price 20. | TO MUSEUMS, ETHNOLOGISTS, etc.

African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s.
Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America

nicely carved Price 30s, each. from 6d.
Pagaie from New (tuinea, made of palm tree Price 30s. Statuettes representing the Indians of Mexico and Guatemala
Magnificent Gold Antiquity fromPanama, representing what ont

Hats, Baskets, Mats and various Objects made with palm

appears to be Musicians, two large figures in the centre and | jeayes and various textile plants, from Central America, Mada-

six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is

à à À L gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.

quite unique, and no Museum in the world PORES ECS) anything Samples of Textile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal

like it Price £50. Plants, etc. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.
A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from ls.

America, in hardstone, agsthe, Idols, Vases, etc. from 5s. Etc., etc., ete.

Vill

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[January x, 1891

MR. ADOLPHE BOUCARD

NATURALIST,

Comespandne Member of the Royal Zoological Society of London, de la Commission Scientifique
du Mexique à Paris, &c., &c.

Now Ready, the Second Edition of

A Series of Pictorial Diagrams and Aatural Snecimens,

ILLUSTRATIVE OF

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, GEOLOGY and MINERALOGY,
Adopted by the London School Board and all the principal Colleges of England.

The Series contains 20 sheets, 18in. by 24 in., comprising 166 Diagrams of Animals and Plants,

life size, beautifully printed in colours,

and 37 Natural Specimens, of Woods and Minerals, neatly

mounted on very stout cardboard, with rings for hanging on the wall.

The Set Complete, with Handbook, in a Strong Box, 32s.,
Handbook separate, Price 4s., paper; 4s. 6d., cloth.

Varnished, 405 _
*,* The usual Discount to Schools and the Trade

TO BE HAD ONLY AT

225,

igh Holborn,

London, W/.C.

FOR SALE.

Life Admission to Royal Aquarium.

Price 5 Guineas.

TO BOOKSELLERS AND OTHERS.

Boucard. Catologus Avium, English or French preface, Syste-
matic Classification of Birds, 8s. instead of 12s.
Catalogue of Birds, published by the British Museum.
Vol. 1 to 6inclusive. The first three Volumes are out of

print. Price £10. .
Hand List of Birds, Gray, published by the British Museum.
3 vol. 8vo. Price 25s.

Guide pour collecter, préparer et expédier des Collections
d'histoire naturelle. S.

Guia para colectar, conservar y despachar Colecciones de
historia natural. Is.

Petit Atlas d'Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
les plus connus, dessinés d’après nature par Martinet,
Paris, 1784.

1 Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition. Contents:
Epitre à Buffon, Tableau général du classement des Oiseaux
divisés d’après Buffon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou
Familles. 150 splendid coloured plates par Martinet. Exceed-
ingly rare. £50.
America, by John Ogilby Esq., London, 1671. Grand in folio,

675 pages, 121 splendid Engravings and Maps. £30.
Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, etc., by Don Antonio Solis,
Brusselas, 1741.
1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Engravings and Maps. Pages
1 to 9 slightly stained. £20.
Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva Espana, by Rev.
Bernardino de Sahagun, con notas y suplementos, por
Carlos Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in
4to., uncut. £5.
Historia de las Conquistas de Hernando Cortez, por Francisco
Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas y addiciones, por Carlos
Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. in 4to, 315 pp.
£2.

Tezcoco en los ultimos tiempos de sus antiguos Reyes.
Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos de Boturini y redac-
tados por el Lic. Mariano Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol-
16mo, 276 pages. £2,

Catecismo y Declaracion de la Doctrina Christiana en lengua
OTOMI, con un Vocabulario del mismo idioma, por el
R. P. Joaquin Lopez Yepes, Mexico, 1826. 1 Vol. in 4to,
254 pages. £4.

LONDON : Published by A. BOUCARD, at 225, High Holborn, W.C. :

D. R. Kampuysens Stichtelyke Rymen, by M. Mathieu, Rot-
terdam, 1688. 1 Vol. in 8vo., 680 pages. £2.
Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno Catecismo impreso

en el idioma MEXICANO, por un Sacerdote devoto de la

Madre santissima de la Luz, etc.

Puebla, 1819. 1 Vol., 67 double pages, one side in Mexican,

the other in Spanish. £2 10
Various Calendarios Mexicanos, 1830 to 1860. 28. each.

STANDS, NEW STYLE,
Wholesale Price.

No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per hundred
» 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s. “
» 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 288. 5
» # ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small
Hawks at 32s. 0
» 5 » Small Hawks to Large Hawks
and Owls at 40s. HP

ARTIFICIAL EYES.
Wholesale Price.

Black Coloured

per gross

Cornered
& Veined
per doz.pairs per doz. paire

Cornered

No.lto4 6d. 1s. 64. No.4to6 3s.6d. 4s. 6d.
5p op © EE 2s. 6d. 55 7,, 8 5s. 0d. 6s. Od.
» 9,,10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. so 6s. Od. 8s: Od.
» 11 2s.0d. 5s. 6d. » 10 78.0d. 9s. Od.
» 12 2s.3d. 7s. Od. » 11 8s. 0d. 10s. Od.
» 13 2g.6d. 10s. 0d. » 12 9s. 0d. 11s. 0d.

doz. of pairs
» 14 3s.0d. Is. 6d. » 13 10s. 0d. 12s. Od.

» 15 3s.6d. 2s. 6d. » 14 11s.0d. 13s. Od.

» 16 4s.0d. 2s. 6d. » 15 18s: 0d. lds. Od.

» 17 8s.0d. 3s. 0d. Larger sizes can be made
18 12s.0d. 4s. Od. to order.

"Nr. 1 to 4 are good for ‘humming birds and others up to
the size of Tanagers.
No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to' Magpies.
No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls.
No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc.
No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc.

and Printed at J.S. LEVIN’3 Steam Printing Works, 76, Leadenhall Street, B.C.

January 1, 1891.

The

Dummina Bird

A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

VOW NON 2: February 1, 1891. PRICE SIXPENCE.

Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ; all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.
All other countries, 6 shillings.

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

MR. ADOLPHE BOUCARD,
NATURALIST,

Officier d’Académie, 1878; Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;
Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1865;
de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l'Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1880 ;
Member of the International Jury, Paris, 1889 ; Member of many scientific societies ;
etc. etc. etc. etc.

CONTENTS OF No. 2.—FEBRUARY 1, 1891.

What is to be seen everywhere in London. An easy way of making £4100 a year.
The Panama Canal. Report on the last Public Sales of Feathers
The Museum of la Plata and my Idea of a Typical and Bird Skins.

and Practical Museum of Natural History. Report on December and January Public Sales
of Postage Stamps.

i.

[ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.)

ii THE HUMMING BIRD. [february 1, 1891

—_ ——e ee - — —- a

Changs of Address:
A. BOUCHARD

IN AU RA 2S a0
225, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON W.C., ENGLAND.

A. BOUCARD begs to inform his numerous Friends and Correspondents that he has removed his business
from Paris to London at the above address, in the most central part of the English Capital, where in future
all letters and parcels are to be addressed.

A. Boucard having now in stock about 40,000 Mammal and Bird Skins, 100,000 Insects of all
Orders, 100,000 Marine, Fluvial, and Land Shells, Crustaceæ, Reptiles and Fishes, Ethnological Collec-
tions and Curios from New Guinea, Madagascar, Central and South America, and West Africa is able to
supply all Orders.

Museums, Scientific Societies and Amateurs are requested to send their lists of Desiderata in every
branch of Naturel History which will be attended to as usual with care and alacrity.

From his Correspondents in all parts of the world he is able to procure nearly everything which can
be desired.

All modern Books on Natural History, and Materials of all descriptions for Naturalists can be
supplied immediately at publishing or trade prices.

LIST OF HUMMING BIRDS FOR SALE.

TROCHILIDA, Vig. 1825.

a

8. | 46. Lampornis violicauda, Bodd.’... 2| 92. Heliothrix barroti, Boure. ...

1. Grypus nœvius, Dum. ... .. 5] 47. — prevosti, Less. 8 | 93. Eustephanus galeritus, M. A

2. Eutoxeres condaminei, B. . 40 | 48. — veraguensis, G. ... 20] 94. — fernandensis, K. 30
3, — aquila, Bourc... … 8| 49. — gramineus, Gm. ... 3] 95. Chrysolampis moschitus, L. … 2
4. — salvini, could: « 16] 50. — aurulentus, Vieill.... 20 | 96. Avocettinus eurypterus, L. ... 10
5. — heterurus.. … 16 |. 51. = mango, Lin. ... 2 | 97. Heliomaster longirostris, V. ... 3
6. Glaucis hirsutus, Gm. . 2j| 52. Chalybura buffoni, Less.... ... 2) 98. — stuartæ, Law. ... 4
7. — alfinis, Lawr. cco 00 : || EX — cœruleiventris, R. … 5] 99. — constanti, Del. ... 20
8. Threnetes ruckeri, Bourc. ... 16] 54. — isaurae, Gould. ... 40 |100. Lepidolarynx mesoleucus, T.... 4
9. — cervinicauda, G. … 10] 55. Aithurus polytmus, Lin. … ... 10/101. Calliperidia furcifer, Shaw. ... 20
10. — antoniæ, Boure. ... 20| 56. Topaza pella, Lin. ... ... ... 20 |102. Docimastes ensifer, Boiss. ... 4
11. Phæthornis superciliosus, L. ... 4] 57. — _ pyra,Gould.... ... ... 200/103. Patagona gigas, Vieill. ... ... 10
12. — longirostris, L.D.... 3] 58. Eulampis jugularis, Lin. ... 4/104. Pterophanes temminckii, B. ... 10
18. — syrmatophorus, ... 15] 59. — holosericeus, Lin. ... 4 |105. Helianthea bonapartei, B. ... 4
14, — eurynome, L. « 2| 60. — chlorolemus. ... ... 30 |106. — typica, Bp. ... … 3
15. — squalidus, Tem. ... 4] 61. Iolæma schreibersi, Boure. ... 20 |107. Calligenia lutetiæ, Del. … .… 10
16. — antophilus, B. 2 | 62. Oreotrochilus chimborazo, B.... 10 |108. Diphlogæna, iris, Gould. … ... 100
17. — augusti, Boure. 10 | 63. — pichinchæ, B. … 5 |109. — hesperus, G. .… 100
18. — pretrii, L. Del. 5 | 64. — estellæ, Laf. ... 100 |110. Bourcieria torquata, Boiss. … 2
19. — yaruqui, Bourc. 5 | 65. — leucopleurus. 10 |111. — fuligidula, Gould. ... 4
20. — guyi, Less. 4 | 66. Lafresnaya flavicaudata, F. 2 |112. — conradi, Bourc. ... 20
21. — emiliæ, Bourc. 4 | 67. — gayi, Boure. ... 10 | 113. — inca, Gould. ... ... 100
22. Pygmornis longuemareusl.., 10 | 68. Petasophora serrirostris, V. 8 |114. Eudosia prunelli, Boure.... ... 5
23. — adolphi, Gould. 5 | 69 — anais, Less. ... 2/115. — wilsoni, Del. teat ape lO
24. — griseigularis, G. ... 3) 70. — iolata, Gould. 8 1116. Lampropygia cœligena, L. ... 10
25. — striigularis, Gould. 3 | 71. — thalassina, Sw. ... 31117. Heliotrypha viola, Gould. … 20
26. — pygmæus, Spix. 8 | 72. — cyanotis, Boure.... 2 |118. — parzudaki, ME te
27. Eupetomena macrura, Gm. ... 3| 73. — delphinæ, L.. … 81119. Heliangelus clarissæ, Long. ... 2
28. Sphenoproctus pampa, Less. … 4] 74. cabanisi, Law. 4 |120. — micraster, G. .… 100
29. — curvipennis 12 | 75. Holiodoxs jacula, Gould... 10 | 121. — strophianus, G. ... 8
30. Campylopterus lazulus, V. 5 Bi eo. — jamesoni, Boure. 20 |122. — spencii, Bourc. ... 60
31. — hemileucurus... 4! 77. = otero, Tsch. ... 16 123. — amethysticollis. ... 100
32: — ensipennis, S. 3 | 78. — splendens, Gould 20 1124. Eriocnemis vestita, Longue. ... 2
33. — largipennis. ... 10] 79. — leadbeateri, B.... … 3/125. — smaragdinipectus. 40
34. — æquatorialis. ... 10 | 80. Phæolæma rubinoides, Bource.... 3 |126. — nigrivestis, B. ... 40
35, — hyperithrus. ... 50| 81. — æquatorialis, G. ... 6|127.:Nunia cupreiventris, Fraser. ... 2
36. rufus, L.... ... 20| 82. Eugenia imperatrix, Gould. ... 100 128. — luciani, Boure. fgg) conn. oS
37. Phæochroa cuvieri, Del. ... 20] 83. Clytolæma aurescens, G.... ... 30129. Threptria aureliæ, BOURC RE me
38. Aphantochroa cirrochloris. ead chit QUE — rubinea, Gould. ... 3 |130. — russata, Gould. "US
39. Eugenes fulgens, Sw. ... … 41] 85. Panoplites jardinei, Bourc. ... 20/131. _— lugens, Gould... ... 20
40. Coligena clemenciæ, L. ... ... 4| 86. — flavescens, B.... ... 31182. — derbiana, Del.... ... 60
41. Lamprolema rhami, Less. ... 6] 87. — mathewsit, B.... .. 201133. Engyete alinæ, Boure. ... ... 3
42. Delattria henrici, Less. … .... 12 | 88. Florisuga mellivora, Lin.... 2 |134. Aglæactis cupreipennis, B. … 3
43. — viridipallens ... ... 5] 89. — fusca, Vieill. 13190: — pamela, Laf. ... ... 60
44. Oreopyra leucaspis, Gould. ... 30 | 90. Heliothrix auritus,Gm.... ... 5/136. — acquatorialis, G. … 5
45, — calolæma, Salv. ... 26] 91. — auriculatus, N. … 5|137. Hylonympha macroura. G. ... 50

February 1, 1891|

THE HUMMING BIRD.

139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.

160.
161.

162.
163.

164.
165.
166.

167.

168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.

177.

178.
179.
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.

185.
186.
187.

188.
189.

190.
191.
192.

193.
194.
195.

196.

197.

198.
199.
200.

LIST OF HAREMEN BIRDS

138. Thalurania glaucopis, Gin.

colombica, B.
venusta, ... o.
furcata, Gm....
furcatoides, G.
nigrifasciata, G. ..
refulgens, G....
verticeps, G. ...
wagleri, Li. ... ...
Hemistephania johanna, B. ...
ludoviciæ, B. ...
rectirostris.
Augastes lumachellus, L....
superbugs, Vieill.
Schistes geoffroyi, Bourc.
Urosticte benjamini, B.
Urolampra æneicauda, G.
Metallura tyrianthina, B.
smaragdinicollis,
quitensis, Gould.
Adelomya inornata,G ... ...
melanogenys, F.
Ramphomicron microrhynchus.
stanleyi, B.
heterepogon. ...
Eupogonus herrani, Del... …
ruficeps, G.
Caen guerini, Boiss.
lindeni, Parz. ...
Cention delalandii, Vieil..
loddigesi, G.
Orthorhynchus cristatus.
exilis, Gm.
ornatus. ...
Klais guimeti, Bourc.
merriti, Law. ...
Daucis abeillei, Del. ...
Microchera albo-coronata.
parvirostris, L.
Telamon delattrei, L. :
regulus, Gould....
reginæ, Schreib.
Paphiosa helene, Del.
Lophornis magnificus, V. 000
ornatus, L.
Polemistria chalybea, V..
verreauxi, Bi
Goalie langsdorffi, Vieill.
melanosternon, G.
conversi, Boure. Fees
Prymnacantha popelairii.
Tilmatura duponti, Less....
Discura longicauda,Gm. ...
Steganura underwoodi, Li. …
melananthera, J. ...
Cynanthus cyanurus, S.
celestis, G.
mocoa, Del.
boliviana, G. ...
Sapho sparganurus, Shaw.
phaon, Gould...
Lesbia nuna, Legs. . :
amaryllis, Boure. ...

rE ea |

FOR SALE.

One Specimen of the Giant Salamander, from Japan (in

spirit).

One Female Specimen of Troglodytes Nige, skin and skeleton.

_ One pair of the rare Cervidae, Temazate, from Central
America,

Cariacus rufinus. Br.

201.
202.
203.
204.
205.

206.

207.

208.
209.

210.

211.
212.

213.

214.
215.

216.

217.

218.
219.
220.
221.
222.
223.

224,

225.
226.
227.

228.

229.

‘230.

231.
232.
233.
234.
235.
236.
237.
238.
239.
240.
241.
242.
243.
244,
245.
246.
247,
248.
249.
250.
251.
252.
253.
254.
255.
256.
257.
258.
259.
260.
261.
262.
263.

FOR

Lesbia victoriæ, Bourc,
gouldi, Bourc. ...
Heliactin cornuta, Max.
Thaumastura cora, Legs... oe
Rhodopis vesper, Less. …
Amalasia henicura, VY.
elise, Less. e
Doricha evelynæ, Bourc. ... ...
bryanthæ, Law. … ..
Calothorax lucifer, Sw. .
pulcher, G. …
Calliphlox. amethystinus, G.
mitchelli, B.
Trochilus colubris, Tin. aa
alexandri. B.
Calypte costæ, Bourc. 20
anne, Less.... ... ...
Stellura calliope, Gould. ... ...
Atthis heloisæ, Less.... site
elliotti, Ridgw. as
pteloigeeats henshawi, R.. :
rufus, Gm. doo 000
scintilla, G..
platycercus, Sw....
flammula, 8S. ae
Myrtis { fanny IDES, ong G00 | 660
Acestrura mulsanti, B.
heliodori, B.
Chætocercus jourdani. B.... ...
rosæ, Bourc... ...
bombus, G. ...
Mellisuga minima, Lin,
Phæoptila sordida, G.
Cyanomya quadricolor, V.
violiceps, G. … …
cyanocephala, L, ...
franciæ, Bourc.
guatemalensis...
Thaumatias candidus, B....
niveipectus, C.
viridiceps, G...
brevirostris, L
albiventris, L.
linnæi. Bp. ...
fluviatilis, G... i
Thaumatias maculicauda, G. ..
chionurus, G...
cupreiceps, L
nigriventris, L.
leucogaster, G.
Leucochloris albicollis, V. aes
Eupherusa eximia, Del.
egregia, Se.
Chrysobronchus virescens.
viridissimus, ...
Amazilia cinnamomea, L...
dumerilii, L.
leucophea, BR. ...
yucatanensis, C.
1 AMEND beryllina, L.
devillei, B..
riefferi, B. ana
viridiventris, R....

—

iil

SALE—continued.

TO ZOOLOGISTS.

Price £8.
Price £8.

Price £10.

264,
265.

271.
272.

273.

274,
275.
276.
277.
278.
279.
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
293.
294.

295.

296.
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.

303.
304.
305.

306.

307.
308.
309.

310.
311.

312.
313.
314.
315.

316.
317.
318.
319.

Saucerottia erythronota, L. ...
feliciæ, Less....
edwardi, Del....
niveiventris, G. «+.
cyaneifrons, B. …
warzeviezi, Cab. ...
sophia, Bouré,
Heliopædica melanotis, Sw. ...
Chrysuronia œnone, Less.
josephine, B.
eliciæ, B. …
chrysura, L....
Hylocharis sapphirina, Gm.
cyanea, Vieill...
Panterpe insignis, Cab.
Eucephala grayi, Del. .
cerulea, Vieill.
Circe latirostris, Sw...
Damophila amabilis, G.
Julyamia julie, Boure.
feliciana, Less.... ...
Sapphironia goudoti, Boure. ...
ceruleogularis.
Sporadinus ricordi, d’Orb.
Oblong canniveti, L.
salvini, G.
Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus..
heberlini, R.
nitens, Law.
angustipennis.
Chrysomirus atala, Less....
prasinus, Less.
igneus, Gould.
aureiventris, L. ...
Panichlora aliciæ, Boure....
poortmanni, B.
stenura, Cab... ..
Phaethornis consobrinus, Bourc.
Campylopterus bhainopeplus,
Salv. ...
Lampornis dominicus. 0
Lophornis pavoninus, Salv. .
Cynanthus cyanurus, Var with
greentail o
Cynanthus mocoa, Var smarag-
dinus... ...
Thaumatias nigricauda, Elliott.

eles lal

—

Pyrrhophæna cupreicauda, Salv.
Saucerottia erythronota, Var
maculicauda

Chrysuronia cenone, Var longi-
rostris Berlepsch : :
Hylocharis cyanea vitidiventris

Berlepsch... ... … ov
Chrysomirus daphne.
comptue, Berlepsch
assis, Lawr.
Benvenlord poortmannieuchloris,

Berl. ... 600 “000
Hylocharis lactea, ‘Less.
Thalurania eriphile, Less...
Nunia mosquera, Boure. ... ...
Adelomya maculata ...

WANTED.

Egg of Alca Inipennis.
Fine pair, male and female, Ornithoptera Victoriae, Orni-
thoptera Durvillet.

Fine specimen of Morpho cisseis.
Several specimens of Acherontia Styx, Satanas, medusa, ete.

on BE _ vo = bo bo a
WNoOSORROGSOWNAANSCOON!S

bo
©

ewe
H 09) O © © © CN YU nc

10
10

20

2
10
10

80
25

1 100

16

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[February x, 1891.

TO ORNITHOLOGISTS.

FOR SALE.

Fine mounted specimen of Alca impennis, the Great Awk,

(extinct species).

Pedigree from the date of capture, 1836, to
this date, will be given to buyer.

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of
bird Reinhardtia ocellata Bp., the greatest discovery of the

century.

Price £50

Fine male specimen of the beautiful bird Calyptomena
Whitehead, n. sp., the second species known of this rare
genus, four times larger and more beautiful than C, Viridis.

Fine pair, male and female, of the rare Paradise bird.

Semioptera Wallacei.

Price £4.

Fine pair of the magnificent bird of Paradise, Astrapia

nigra.

Pair of Epimachus maximus.

Pair of Paradisea raggiana,
Pair of Parotia sextacea.
Pair of Paradisea rubra.

Price £6.
Price £5.
Price £5.
Price £6.
Price £2 10s.

Pair of Schlegelia willsoni (Dyphillodes republica).

Pair of Lophorina atra.
Pair of Ptilornis paradisca.

Pair of Craspedophora magnifica

Pair of Selewcides albus.

Price £4.
Price £4.
Price £2 10s.
Price £2 10s,
Price £4 10s.

Pair of Paradigalla carunculata. Price £5.
One specimen of Casuarius edwardi Price £10.
One specimen of Apteryæ Owent. Price £1 10s.
One specimen of Apteryx maxima. Price £8.
One Pair of Meleagris ocellata. Price £6.
One specimen of Chauna chavaria. Price £8.
Ditto ditto stuffed Price £10.
One specimen of Oreophasis derbianus Price £8.
Ditto ditto stuffed Price £10.
One specimen of Argus giganteus, stuffed Price £5.
One specimen of Argus grayi. Price £6.
One stuffed specimen of Chrysolophus amherstiae.
Price £6.
One male specimen of Otidiphaps nobilis. Price £2 10s.
One specimen of Hypoleucus carunculatus. Price £4.
One specimen of Strigops habroptilus. Price £1 10s.
One pair of Pharomacrus mocina. Price £2.
One pair of Pharomacrus costaricensis. Price £2.
One pair of Xanthomelus aureus. Price £10.
One pair of Sericulus melinus. Price £1.

One pair of Heteralocha gouldi, female very rare.

Price £2 10s.

By pair it means one male and one female.

WANTED.

Specimens of :—
Fregilupus varius Bodd.
Camptolainus labradorius.
Chrysolophus pictus L. Gmel.
Chrysolophus amherstiae

Leadb.
Pterocnemia darwini Gould
Dromaius nove hollandiæ
Sypheotides macqueeni Gr.
Cariama cristata L.
Chunga burmeisteri Hartl.
Palamedea cornuta L.
Ischyornis derbiana Gr.
Aburria carunculata Tem.
Leipoa ocellata Gould
Polyplectron, all the species

except hardwicki

Lobiophasis bulweri Sharpe
Alectrophasis cuvieri Tem.
Gennæus nycthemerus L.
Grammatoptilus lineatus
Lath.
Hierophasis swinhoei Gould
Diardigallus diardi Tem.
Lophophorus lhuysii Verr.
Calcophasis sclateri Ierd.
Gallus sonnerati Tem.
Creagrius varius Shaw
Sarkidiornis ægyptiaca Gmel.
Ara ararauna L.
Ara militaris L.
Ara hyacinthinus Lath.
Cotinga amabilis Gould
Cotinga cayana L.

TO ENTOMOLOGISTS.

FOR SALE,

One very fine pair, maie and female, of Morpho Godarti
Price £10.

One fine male specimen of the same species,

Ditto medium.

Ditto medium.
Ornithoptera brookiana.

Price £2 108.

Price £1.
One fine pair, male andfemale of Ornithoptera pegasus.
Price £2 10s.

Pair of Goliathus Drury, very large and very fine. Price £4.
Pair of Goliathus cacicus, very fine.

Dicranocephalus bowringi 20s.

Ceratorhina morgani 20s.

— hornimani 10s.

Heterorhina imperialis 10s.

Lomaptera albertisi 10s.

— ignipennis 10s.

Steraspis herculana 10s.

Sternocera pulchra 10s.

Catoxantha gigantea 10s.

— eduardsi 10s.

Psiloptera principalis 10s-

Taphrosoma dohrni 10s.

Cyphus germari Qs. Gd.

— augustus 2s. 6d.

— nigropunctatus 1s. 6d.

Eupholus magnificus 3s.

Psalidognatus boucardi 16s.

— erythrocerus 16s.

Hippocephalus armatus 30s.

Derobrachus inequalis 10s.

— brevicollis 10s.

Aulacocerus mundus 10s.

Mallaspis rhomboderi 4s.

— belti 10s.

— xanthaspis 10s.

— leucaspis 6s.

Pyrodes pulcherrimus 10s.

Calocomus desmaresti 16s.

Elateropsis lineata 8s.

Crioprosopus splendens 10s.

— tricolor 10s.

Batocera victoriana 20s.

— celebiana 16s.

— gigas 20s.

— wallacei 20s.

Sagra buqueti 4s.
Amblychila cylindriformis

10s.

Omus Dejeani 20s.

— audouini 8s.

Oxygonia floridula 16s.

— gloriola 12s.

— buckleyi 12s.

— moronensis 8s.

Carabus valdiviae 8s.

— buqueti 8s.

— sybarita 8s.

— elegantissimus 12s.

— castroensis 12s.

— subnitens 128.

— andestus 12s.

— inexpectatus 16s.

— gloriosus 10s,

— villaricensis 12s.

— hypocrita 20s.

— temucensis 30s.

— darwini 8s.

— hbimarginatus 10s.

— chonchicus 12s.

— chiloensis 12s.

— chilensis 10s.

kraatzianus 20s.

£1 10s.

30s.

£1.
Carabus speciosus 12s.
— mochcae 40s.
— bomplandi 8s.
— robustus 8s.
— tuberculosus 8s.
— riffensis 8s.
— aumonti 8s.
Damaster blaptoides 208.
— fortunei 128.
Haplothorax burchelli 20s.
Cychrus angusticollis 43.
— elevatus 83.
— yentricosus 2s.
— alternatus 2s.
— punctatus Ag,
Mormolyce phyllodes 10s.
— hagenbachi 20s.
— castelnaudi 25s.
Chiasognathus granti 10s.
— peruvianus 40s.
— gaujoni 50s.
— feisthameli 30s.
— buckleyi 30s.
Macronoxia crinita 5s.
Euchirus longimanus 20s.
Pelidnota burmeisteri 16s.
Proculus goryi 30s.
— mniszecki 10s.
— opacipennis 5s.
Plusiotis resplendens 208.
— batesi 30s.
Chrysophora chrysochlora 4s.
Chrysina mniszecki 16s.
— adolphi 16s.
Anoplognathus grayi 20s.
— mastersi 10s.
— n.sp. 12s.
Golofa imperator 5s.
Dynastes hercules 16s.
Chalcosoma hesperus 20s.
Mesgasoma thersites 10s.
Aegopsis curvicornis 8s.
Lycomedes reichei 20s.
Prionocalus cacicus 60s.
— atys 60s.
Ancisthrosoma buckleyi 4s.
— rufipes 3s.
Mitrocephala humboldti 20s.
Tetracha klugi 5s.
— bifasciata 5s.
— laminata 5s.
Catoxantha eburnea 20s.
— opulenta 3s.
Goliathus torquatus 20s.
— polyphemus 20s.
Ceratorhina juliae 4s.
— derbyana 8s.
— ruficeps 20s.
Tmesorhina saundersi 5s.
Dymusa cyanea 2s.
Neptunides polychrous 20s.
Ranzenia bertolini 10s.

February 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 9

Che Humming Bro,

What is to be seen everywhere in London.

(Continued from page 3.)

Among the birds which are excessively abundant in
Europe, I mentioned Crows, Magpies, Blackbirds,
Quails, Thrushes, etc., all of which belong to species
very injurious to Agriculture ; although at times they
feed also on Larvee, Chrysalis and Insects, but they
only do so when seeds or fruits are scarce.

Everyone has seen immense flocks of JA/agfies,
Crows and Blackbirds. Thrushes, although not so
abundant in the North of England, are very common
in the South of France, Italy, Spain, and in many
other Countries ; especially during the autumn, when
they make a great havoc in the Vineyards and Olive
Tree Plantations, reducing sensibly the harvest.

If the opinion of the farmers was asked, I have no
doubt that all of them would agree to the destruction
of the above-mentioned species of birds.

In some Countries Zirushes are so abundant that
anyone can bag from 50 to 100 birds in a day by dis-
posing nooses for that effect in the Olive trees or
in Vineyards, and this without diminishing their
number.

As to Magpies, 1 know several Feather Merchants
who, since 1865, receive yearly about 200,000 of these
birds for ornamental purposes, and I have not seen
any difference in their number in England or in
France.

Blackbirds are so common in Spain, that about
200,000 skins are sent annually to Paris, and sold
between rid. to 2d. each. The flesh of these birds
is sold to poor people at about sixpence per dozen,
and they say that they are a very good eating.

The same is done with many of the other species
‘collected for their feathers.

Therefore, the only difference that I can see is that
many birds are killed for eating purposes only, the
feathers being lost by not taking the trouble to make
these birds into skins, or because buyers want them
as killed, and pay a little more for them ; meanwhile
the others are killed not only for eating purposes, but
also for saving their feathers which are in great
demand among the Plumassiers. Hence the advan-
tage of these last on the former, by being useful twice—
. first by serving as food to poor people, and secondly
in being the means to procure work to a large
number of persons. .

The mention of the SAdackbirds recalls to my
memory a fact of which I have been a witness during
a stay of several weeks, January and February, 1880,
at SEVILLA, the famous Spanish Capital of dudalusia,
on which there is a popular saying amongst the
Spaniards of ‘QUIEN NO HA VISIO SEVILLA NO HA

visto MaRAVILLA,” which translated literally reads as
follows :—Who hath not seen Sevilla hath not seen a
Marvel. :

Near Sevilla, there are some remains of great works
made by the Romans when they were masters of that
beautiful Country.

The principals are remains of a very magnificent
road going from Sevilla to the old Roman City
Ira.ica ; vestiges of an Aqueduct, and lastly the old
City itself, which are well worth seeing.

Of course I went there, and was very much
interested with what I saw of the Coliseum, Forum,
and other ruins. Coming back to town a little before
dusk I saw myriads of B/ackbirds flying in all direc-
tions and setling for the night at special appointed
places exactly in the same manner as the Mexican
swallows (Æirundo bicolor) mentioned in Number 1
of this Journal.

For about half an hour I was quite interested with
this sight.

The birds had selected a field of Indian Canes as
resting place.

Not far off was a small house, where I entered and
made the acquaintance of the owner of the Canes.
I spoke to him of the sight I had just witnessed, and
learnt that the Blackbirds had elected his field of
Canes as a permanent domicile. Every morning
at daybreak large flocks take their flight and disperse
in all directions, always returning at night. They
do not assemble in one compact group, as the
Swallows, but come or go away in flocks of several
hundred.

I stayed at Sevilla during part of January and Feb-
ruary. At that time of the year they feed on olives
and do great injury to the owners of these trees,
eating a very large quantity of the fruits, and there
was no end of complaints about them ; but the most
extraordinary fact about these birds remains to be
told, although I cannot guarantee anything about it.

Several reliable persons informed me that the
owner of the Indian Cane plantations did a splendid
business with these birds in this way.

Everyone knows that Z/ackbirds are very greedy,
and I was told that at sunset all these birds are seen
moving continually about from one place to another
when it is time to retire to their night refuge ; but
before leaving the Olive trees where they feed, every
one of them carries in its beak, and even in its legs,
one or two fruits which they have to drop when perch-
ing in their favourite resting branch. So next
morning, the owner of the Canes had only to fill his
basket with the olives brought by the birds, and does
a brisk business of it, gathering more fruit than the
owner of the Olive trees plantations.

Of course, I only mention it for its worth, as I did
not try to verify the fact; but if true it is worth
knowing.

At the same place I saw what I considered an
interesting way of catching PLOVERS (Vanellus
cristatus) by means of hooks of the same kind as those
employed in fishing. They have loose lines to to 12
yards long fixed in the soil at one end, and with a
hook baited with worms at the other,

These lines are laid every morning on the ground,
in the vast plains which surround Sevilla. Once or

10 THE HUMMING BIRD.

twice a day the owner comes to have a look at them,
and very often finds a bird caught to each.

They catch a good many in that way and sell them
at a very good price, these birds being very well
appreciated by the inhabitants.

I had occasion to taste some, and I declare they
were excellent eating.

As I said before, since a few years, the catching of
these birds is done largely, and what can it matter if
the people of that country eat them, with or without
the skin, which is spared for the Plumassiers Trade. I
don’t see why it should not be done. I prefer many
times that birds should be caught, skinned, and the
feathers used for ornamental purposes, than to see
people breeding purposely Partridges, Pheasants, and
other Game Birps for the replacing of those
slaughtered at fixed dates by the Owners of Hunting
Grounds and their friends.

But for the sake of the sport enjoyed in these
hunting parties, which I consider beneficial to health,
I don’t see why they should be objected to, and the
same I think about the birds killed for food and their
feathers. I cannot see what serious objections could
be made against the use of different species of birds
for ornament.

Now I will conclude this Notice with a few remarks
worthy of the attention of all. It is that twenty-five
years back, Ostrich, Paddy, Vulture and Osprey
feathers, Paradise Birds and a few others were the
ones employed by the Plumassiers since immemorial
times, and it has always been very fashionable to
make use of the ornaments made with the feathers of
these birds ; but their use was very limited and very
expensive. For the same reason this trade was pro-
gressing but very slowly, and occupied a very limited
number of hands ; but since 1865, it is extraordinary
‘o see the progress made in that direction.

Actually in Europe only, over 200,000 persons have
found an honourable and lucrative occupation in the
feather trade, and millions of pounds sterling are
spent annually, either in the purchase of bird-skins,
or in the payment of persons employed in this
trade.

I know many firms who occupy hundreds of men
and women in the manufacture of fancy feathers,
ornaments and attires of all descriptions, feather pele,
and in the mounting of birds.

This year, in consequence of the move which ook
place against the wearing of mounted birds on hats
and otherwise, a great many of these unfortunate
people have not found work, and are suffering greatly
from it, and when we consider that we have had a
winter unequalled before for its severity and length,
you can imagine what harm has been done to these
interesting people by raising a war cry against the
wearing of bird skins, Feathers, etc.

No doubt it shows how good-hearted are the per-
sons, who, for sympathy for the poor little birds, have
agreed in not wearing any of them in future, and
myself I would do the same if I thought I was doing
a real good to the poor things in taking such a
resolution, but as I said before, it is quite a mis-
take, and I feel much more interested in the well-
being of two hundred thousand of my fellow-
creatures, of whom I know many in particular, and

[| February 1, 1891

which are deserving the greatest interest for their

industry and probity, than for the birds, and I hope

that this notice will not have been written in vain.
A. BOUCARD.

SCIENCE AND ART.

The Panama Canal.
By A, Boucard.

aie

In the preceding number I did not mention the
gift of jive thousand millions square yards of land,
made by the Republic of Columbia to the Company
of the Panama Canal.

Half of this land is, or ought to be, already in the
hands of the Company, the other half to be delivered
at the termination of the Canal.

This land is very fertile, and particularly suitable
for Plantains, Cacao, Coffee, Tobacco, Indigo, Cotton,
Maize, and Sugar-Cane plantations, whose products
can always be sold with a great profit, and I have not
the least doubt that the Company which will under-
take the termination of the Canal will be able to
make some very large profits with it, either by selling
or by cultivating a portion of same.

In my opinion, a new Company ought to take the
same interest in putting this land in cultivation as in
the termination of the Canal, as I am certain that if
the two works are carried on together, the greatest
revenue will come out from the products of the land
and will be the means to pay a very good dividend to
the new Shareholders and Bondholders.

Besides, it will be the means of saving life by pro-
curing for the workmen all sorts of vegetables and
fruits at moderate prices, which is not so at present.
It will have also a great effect on the climate, and
will make it healthier.

The Company would also buy several thousand
heads of cattle and horses, which are sure to thrive
well in the plains which surround Panama, and by
that means will be able to supply good food to the
workers and make a large profit, even selling at a
lower price than the present one ; fresh meat being
scarce and dear, although it costs nearly nothing to
breed and to fatten.

As my experience goes in selling cattle at £2 each,
it leaves a very good profit ; but of course they could
sell better, the actual price being from £6 to £8
each.

I consider all what I have just said of such im-
portance, that if I had the direction of the works, I
should begin by putting in cultivation the lands and
buying cattle immediately after the formation of the
new Company.

It has been calculated by the late Rossignon, a
friend of mine, that in two years a revenue of eight
million pounds sterling could be made if only one
quarter of the property was properly planted with
Sugar-canes, Plantains, Coffee, Cacao, and Tobacco.

All the products of these plantations would find

February 1, 1891]

immediate purchasers in the United States or in
Europe, where the demand is constantly increasing.

It may seem a fancy Revenue these eight millions of
pound sterling ; but it isnotso. ‘They only represent
a revenue of eighty pounds for ten thousand square
yards, and our experience tells us that all the Land-
lords of our acquaintance, in Central America, who
have made plantations of these same plants get much
more than eighty pounds’ sterling for each ten thou-
sand yards cultivated. Some of them make a profit
of two hundred pounds sterling, and more with
Coffee trees cultivated in the same space.

I will also mention that Mines must be very
abundant in the state of Panama, as it is well known
that before the Conquest Indians made use of gold
for all their Ornaments, Idols, and even now, some
of these gold Ornaments and Idols found in old
graves find their way to Panama where they are sold
to Travellers.

I know a gentleman living in Panama who bought
so many of these Antiquities, that he had them
melted in several large lingots which he forwarded to
the United States and to Europe.

This convinces me that very good gold Placers
exist in the vicinity of Panama.

But it is better not to rely too much on Mines,
when I have shown that very large and sure profits
can be made of the land which borders the Canal.

Now that I have made manifest to all that there is
every possibility to terminate the Canal in a few years,
and to paya good dividend to all the Share and
Bondholders of a new Company, which could buy
the Assets existing at less than half the cost, by pay-
ing half of the price of the Issue of the Bonds 3, 4,
5, and 6 per cent., the possessors of which are the real
Owners of the Canal, and who would probably accept
the offer. I must again appeal to all the Bondholders,
and tell them that if no Company appears during the
year 1891, it only remains for them to ask from the
Liquidation that all expenses should be discontinued
altogether in Panama, and reduced to the strict
necessary in Paris, and realise as well as possible the
assets existing, either at Paris or Panama, and divide
à priori all the sums cashed to that effect.

But meanwhile, the Bondholders could very well
claim the distribution of the 740,000 or more Bonds
with prime, actually in the hands of the Liquidation,
which are their property, and which have nothing to
do with the New Company if such appears.

Therefore, I repeat to all the Bondholders, be firm,
keep by you all your bonds, and one day or another
you will get a better price for them than the price
quoted actually on the Paris Bourse, although I am
happy to say that, since my first notice was published,
a rise of about 50 to 60 per cent. has taken place in

_ the prices of all the Bonds; but this is nothing, and
I can see the day when they will be quoted at a aay
distinct price, nearer their real worth.

If a serious Company understanding well its own
interest is willing to purchase at the very moderate
price, which I have mentioned before, of 400 millions
of francs, each Bondholder would be entitled to re-
ceive—firstly, his part of the 740,000 Bonds with
prime in the hands of the Liquidation ; and secondly;
half the price of Issue of their Bonds, which means—

THE HUMMING BIRD. I
For each Bond 5 per cent. 218 frs. 75 cents.
29 ” 3 ” 142 frs. 50 7
” D] 4 ” 166 frs. 5° 29
1 3) 6
emitted at 450 frs. .. 220 ITS COM:
For each Bond 6 per cent.
emitted at 440 frs. 220 frs. oo ,,

These sums, as I said before, would recuperate
only part of the loss undergone by the original Sub-
scribers, who paid double that price and have not
received Dividends since January, 1889 ; but it would
be better than 17 to 20 per cent (if so much) that
they may expect from the Liquidation after the
realisation of all the Assets.

One way or the other, I am quite willing to repre-
sent the Bondholders near the Liquidation, and de-
fend their interests if they ask me to do so.

In that case, they can depend that all my acts will
be to defend their rights, being certain that even
the Liquidation has no right to dispose of the pro-
perties without the consent of the Bondholders. I
have greatly to reproach to the said Liquidation to
work so much in the dark, and not to publish in some
leading journal Monthly Reports of what it is doing
in favour of the Bondholders.

There is no time to lose, and I appeal strongly to
the Six HUNDRED THOUSAND BONDHOLDERS OF
THE PANAMA CANAL to reply to my invitation.

If they do so, I will let them know in the next
number of this journal what can be done at once.
Meanwhile, a Committee chosen from the principal
Bondholders ought to be formed, and meetings pro-
moted for the defence of our mutual interests.

If necessary, I am willing to leave off my house of
business in London and go to Paris, where a large
room could be let for the meeting of the Committee
and the receiving of all Bondholders, who would
have free access to the Meetings.

I am so sanguine about the result of this move
that I am willing to subscribe one thousand francs for
the fund of our Defence Committee, and 1 beg from
all genuine Bondholders to follow my example, as we
require some money if we want to do good work.

The sums subscribed should be deposited at the
Bank of France, or any other of the leading Banks of
Paris ; and monthly accounts of the expenses of the
Committee sent to the Subscribers.

My attention has just been drawn on the following
notice published in Zhe Petit Journal of Parts, on
the 29th of December last, which I reproduce here-
under :

“Nous avons déjà dit que M. Wyse, mandataire de
la liquidation de la Compagnie de Panama avait pu
obtenir du gouvernement colombien la prolongation
de la concession du canal moyennant la promesse
que la Colombie recevrait 10 millions espèces à payer
en cinq ans, plus cinq millions d’actions, plus que la
nouvelle Compagnie à constituer pour l’achèvement
des travaux prendrait à sa charge l’entretien de la
force armée.

Ces conditions sont quelque peu draconiennes. Il
est évident que l’appétit du gouvernement colombien
a été excité par les promesses que lui ont faites les
auteurs de projets qui se sont rendus dans l’isthme et

12 THE HUMMING BIRD.

qui n’ayant pas grand’chose a risquer accordaient tout
ce qu’on leur demandait. La Colombie aurait cepen-
dant dû comprendre qu'il était de son intérêt bien
entendu de faciliter par tous les moyens l’achève-
ment du canal et non pas de mettre des entraves ou
d'augmenter les difficultés déjà considérables que ren-
contre la constitution d’une Société nouvelle.

C'est, en effet, la Société destinée à se substituer à
la Compagnie de Panama qui devra assumer les
charges imposées par la Colombie. La liquidation
ne peut le faire, elle n’en a pas les moyens.

Jusqu'à présent, le texte du traité passé par M.
Wyse n’est pas encore connu du liquidateur, M. Mon-
chicourt, et celui-ci ne veut donner sa ratification
que lorsqu'il l’aura sous les yeux. Il lui importe
de savoir si les clauses onéreuses imposées par la
Colombie sont en corrélation avec les demandes de
la liquidation qui veut surtout et avant tout être
assurée que le gouvernement colombien mettra à la
disposition de la Société d'achèvement les terrains sur
le tracé du canal sans que celle-ci ait à faire des
expropriations.

Ce point est très important. Diverses questions
doivent être réglées en outre par le traité concernant
le Panama railroad dont la Compagnie est, on le sait,
le principal et presque l’unique actionnaire.

Il faut donc attendre que le texte du traité soit
arrivé à Paris avant de savoir quelle tournure peuvent
prendre les affaires de la liquidation, avant de pro-
céder surtout à la formation d’une Société d’achève-
ment, ce qui n’est pas, tant s’en faut, la partie la plus
aisée de la tâche du liquidateur.”

I approve highly of all the observations made by
the author of this notice, except in one point, when
he says:— Ces conditions sont quelque peu draconiennes.
(These conditions are somewhat Draconian.)

I object entirely to somewhat, being altogether more
than Draconian.

It is just as much as if the Government of
Columbia did not care about the termination of the
Canal, and by what I know of Don Raphael Nunez,
the President of the Republic of Colombia, and of some
other Eminent Colombians, it would never have
entered my mind that some obstacles for the termina-
tion of the Canal could come from that quarter ; and
J really believe that the information sent to the Ze
Journal cannot be relied upon.

Every Colombian well knows that the Canal is of
vital importance to them. When finished, it is the
beginning of a new era for that country, which is
destined to attain an importance which could not be
thought of a few years back.

Not only is it the interest of Colombia not to put
any obstacles in the way of the Canal, but everyone
of its inhabitants, from the President of the Republic
to the humblest of the Indians, ought to make the
strongest efforts in helping, either by cash or bodily
contributions, to finish this magnificent work, which
is sure to attract to their country thousands of families
of the old world, and will be the means to make it
one of the finest and richest of America.

Even at the cost of half the land of all Colombia
as a gift to the New Company, which may undertake
the termination of the Canal, they would be still the
gainers, but nobody asks so much.

[ February x, 1891

That is why I cannot believe that Colombia ask
from a New Company #x millions of francs, five
millions of Shares, and to take at their charge the
maintenance of the Army in the State of Panama.
If this was true, it would have been much better for
Colombia to say at once to the Representative of the
800,000 Share and Bondholders of the Panama
Canal :—“ 7 know that you have spent already about
one milliard, 200 millions of francs, of which the
greatest part has remained in this country; that you
have made stupendous efforts for the digging of an
Inter-oceanic Canal in our country, but I don’t care.
You have not done it according to Contract, and, there-
Sore, you had better go away, and I will take possession
of all that you have done, of all your machinery, houses,
properties, etc., and will do what I like with them.”
It would not be very delicate, nor in the interest of
Colombia, but it would be plain speaking ; better
than to put such obstacles as those mentioned by the
Correspondent of the Pett Journal, which are their
equivalent.

I am sure that Columbians know better, and will
do all what they can to facilitate means of opening the
Canal at an early date, and will morally and financially
co-operate to attain this result, which will change
entirely the future of their country.

Actually Colombia, although a very large country
in size, is thinly inhabited, and very little known,
and the financial crisis is actually rather acute; but it
cannot last long, and it is not a reason why they
should try to make money with the Canal. On the
contrary, they must show to the world at large that
they know how to appreciate the gigantic efforts made
by the Company of the Inter-oceanic Canal by
facilitating, by all means, the purchase of all the
assets of the Old Company by a New One.

I will say even more, that Colombia being the most
interested in the making of the Canal, the best policy
which could be pursued by that country would be to
make the most strenuous efforts in Europe for the loan
of one or two hundred millions of francs, so as to
guarantee with that money a minimum dividend of
3 per cent. to the Share and Bondholders of the New
Company during all the time of the works; a sum
which could be repaid to the Government in annuities
after the opening of the Canal.

By so doing, Colombia will prove to all the world
that it is not in vain that it is called Colombia, from
the great man who re-discovered AMERICA, and it
would be quite just to change the name of the
Panama Canal into that of CoromBus CanaL. It
would be a feeble homage rendered to the memory
of the Great Navigator and Explorer, Christopher
Colomb.

To be continued.

SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

The Museum of la Plata and my Idea of a
Typical and Practical Museum of Natural
History.

I have just received a pamphlet entitled Ze

Museum of la Plata. It contains seven plates and

one plan, giving a good idea of what is the Museum.

February 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 13

For a Museum whose buildings have only been
finished three years ago, it is wonderful to see how
well represented are certain branches of Natural
History. It is true that the collections of the old
Anthropological and Archeological Museum of
Buenos Ayres have been translated in it ; neverthe-
less, Mr. Francisco P. Moreno, the Director of the
new Museum, must have worked incessantly and
diligently since 1887, and can be proud of the results
which he has obtained. If it goes on like that in
America for a few more years, I can see the day when
Students of Natural History will have to go to North
or South America to complete their Studies.

PLATE No. I. represents the outside frontage of the
Building. It consists of two floors and basement.
The first floor and basement are three thousand five
hundred yards square each, and not three hundred
thousand, as printed, surely by mistake, page 15. ‘The

first floor is divided in fifteen large rooms containing
all the Collections. In the basement are the Work-
shops, general Laboratories, and deposits of Speci-
mens. The second floor, which occupies the central
part of the building, contains the Library and Fine
Arts.

PLATE II. shows the general plan of the first and
second floors.

PLATE IIIL., the Lobby of the Museum, where are
painted sixteen large reproductions of savage Nature
and human life in Argentine Republic.

PLATE IV. Glyptodontes Room, eight specimens
exhibited.

PLATE V. Megatherium’s Room, showing four re-
mains of these large Mammals.

PLATE VI. Comparative Anatomy, showing the
skeletons of four Gadaenoplerae, one of them 24 yards
long, skeletons of Orca magellanica, Hyperoodon bur-
meistert, Stenorhynchus leptonyx, and many others.

PLATE VII. Anthropological Section, showing
hundreds of specimens of human skeletons and
skulls.

PLaze VIII. shows the Workshops where are pre-
pared the skeletons of Cetaceous Animals and other
large Mammals.

I am sorry to read, page 30, that passage, 77 est

certain que nous wavons pas encore de laboratoires d'in-
vestigations, maïs je Lat répélé plusieurs fois le temps qui
s’est écoulé depuis la fondation du Musée est fort court et
lon ne peut pas exiger davantage. Nevertheless, I say
that men like Don Francisco P. Moreno are an
honour to their country, and I congratulate him
heartily for all what he has done in so short a time,
and I wish him many years of perfect health to
enable him to end the installation of the Museum
which he has begun so well, and, above all, to open
immediately rooms for the use of Students.
_ I consider this of such importance, that I will give
to the readers of this journal my idea of what I
consider a typical and practical Museum, small or
large.

Supposing that I had a sum of £1,000 at my dis-
posal for the building and furnishing of a Museum,
and the purchasing of specimens, I should divide
that sum in three parts.

The first would be for the building of the Museum,
the second for furnishing same, beginning with

rooms for students, and the third for purchases of
specimens.

The Museum should be built entirely on a ground
floor, about one yard above the level of the grounds
surrounding it. It should resemble exactly what is
known as a Roman Villa, with a yard in the centre,
surrounded with galleries. If in a cold country, they
should be closed hermetically with glazed windows
during the winter. It is these galleries which I should
devote to Students—plenty of room and plenty of
light.

The Museum proper would consist of four, six,
eight, ten, or more rooms, communicating one with
another, and lighted with sky-lights, or by large
windows on the north side.

The principal entrance should be in the middle of
the building, with a large ante-room. On the right,
Room No. 1, communicating with the next and the
next until the last one should be reached, and from
there to the ante-room of the entrance.

The rooms should be about ten to twelve yards
long by six to eight wide, and about three and a half
high—~wot more,—as no object can be well seen above
two yards and a half.

Glazed Cabinets, two yards and a half high, should
be disposed along the walls. If the objects for
exhibition were not fragile, or enclosed in glass cases,
shelves would be sufficient, but the first purchase to
make should be a Library, selected according to the
importance of the Museum, and working tables,
with its accessories of paper, pen and ink, for the
Students, all of which could be arranged in the
galleries surrounding the central yard, which could
be transformed in a garden, with a fountain in the
middle.

Access should be gained to these galleries from the
ante-room, and only Students should be allowed in.

The Library should be disposed on shelves, or in
book cases, along the walls of these galleries, which
ought to be at least five yards wide.

With the third part of the money, if it was a
small sum, I should purchase only objects of
Natural History found in the Country, until I had
gathered a fine Collection of all the Mammals,
Birds, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells, etc., repre-
senting the local fauna, as also some specimens of
all the minerals and flora of the County, attaching
a special importance to all the species of animals
useful or injurious to Agriculture, and to all the
Trees, Plants, and Minerals useful in the alimenta-
tion of Man and Beasts, or wanted for Industry.
Medicine and Arts.

This should be the beginning of all Museums, and
there are no Villages or Towns of 1,000 inhabitants
upwards which ought to be without. I should. say
more, even in the smallest villages, a museum could be
created with very little or no money at all.

School-rooms could be used, and the boys and girls
taught to collect all sorts of animals and prepare them
for the Museum. ‘The only thing wanted is that the
Professors should understand the great importance of
teaching to all these children the study of animals,
plants or minerals, useful or injurious to mankind,
how to know them, how to make use of the first and
destroy the others.

“A THE HUMMING

BIRD. [ February x, 1891

Supposing that I had been successful, and obtained
all what could be had in the Animal, Vegetable and
Mineral Kingdoms from the Country where the
Museum is, the next move should be to purchase
some typical specimens of all the families of Animals,
Plants and Minerals which are not found in the
Country, after which, if my means allow it, purchase
all typical specimens of Genera of Animals, Plants
and Minerals found in all the World, and lastly all the
species inhabiting this World ; but of course this last
part of my programme can only be done if money is
plentiful ; and only Capitals such as London, Paris, Ber-
lin, New York, Vienna, St. Petersburg, etc., or Million-
naires can do that; but what I want to impress on all
is this: That it is not necessary to dispose of large
sums for the Creation of Museums. It is quite the
reverse, and very often it will be found that a small
local Museum which has been created by a Scientific
man working for love of Science, and with very
limited means, is even more useful to the Country
people than all the magnificent Museums created at
large expenses in the Capitals. Now, supposing I
had £100,000 instead of £1,000, I should work
exactly in the same manner, the only difference
would consist in building two, three, four or more
similar houses, devoting one to Mammals and birds,
another to Crustacez, Insects and Shells; one to
Minerals, one to Botany, one to Fossils since the
Creation of the World, etc., etc.; each with its
Corresponding Library, and Rooms or Galleries
adapted for Students.

A. Boucarb.

An Easy Way of Making One Hundred
Pounds Sterling a Year in Collecting
Specimens of Natural History at Leisure
Time.

Continued from page 7.

Leave them in that bottle for a fortnight, then take
them out, and clean them a second time. Wrap each
specimen separately with a linen cloth, flax, or any
other soft substance, and pack them in a tin box well
filled with flax to avoid friction among them during
the voyage.

Then pour some of the strongest alcohol or spirit
you can get, enough to soak them with. The box
to be then soldered down.

INSECTS.

Insects are very numerous. Their body is formed
of three distinct parts: the head, the thorax, and the
abdomen.

They are divided by some authors into nine Orders,
by others into eleven and more; but the principal
Orders are eight, as follow :

1. Coleoptera, or Insects known vulgarly as May
Bugs, Stag beetles, etc.

2. Lepidoptera, or Butterflies and Moths.
3, Orthoptera, or Tits, Earwigs, Grass Hoppers.

Hemiptera, or Bugs.

. Neuroptera, or Dragon Flies,

. Hymenoptera, or Wasps, Drones, Bees, Ants, etc,
Diptera, or Flies, Gad flies, Mosquitos, etc.

8. Parasita, or Lice. etc.

NN Su ©

To collect Coleoptera, Orthoptera and Hemiptera.
it is necessary to carry several bottles with alcoholic
saw dust. ;

The way to prepare it is to fill up the bottle to
the third part with thin saw dust; then pour in a
wine glass of alcohol or strong spirit, and ‘shake it
together for about five minutes. If you have no
alcohol or spirit, you may put in the bottle the same
quantity of benzine.

In that bottle can be put all the Insects above
mentioned.

On returning from an expedition, take them out of
the bottles and pin the Coleoptera through the right
elytra (the wings, in form of tweezers, which cover
the abdomen are the elytra), so that the point of
the pin may emerge under the thorax, between the
second and the third pair of legs. You will take care
to use pins adjusted to the size of the Insects.

The Orthoptera and Hemiptera must be pinned on
the thorax, and the pin must come out between the
two foremost legs.

They must be put with symmetry in corked boxes,
taking care to sink deeply the pins to avoid their de-
tachment in the voyage.

These boxes should be put in the sun for a few
days and when you see that the Insects are dry, you
will pour a small quantity of benzine in the box and
paste bands of paper all round. The benzine is to
be employed for every object of natural history which
can be devoured by Insects.

All boxes containing Insects, Bird Skins, Crusta-
cee, etc., must be preserved by pouring benzine into
before shutting and pasted with bands of paper.
If you have no pins, or corked boxes, send them in
the same bottles in which they have been collected.
If so, the bottles should be filled up completely with
alcoholic saw dust, and some paper pasted round ;
then, by this means. if the bottles should break during
the voyage, the Insects will be preserved.

Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera
are collected with the butterfly net.

The specimens collected must be very perfect.
The way to kill the Lepidoptera and Neuroptera is to
press their thorax between the thumb and finger ; this
must be done with much care ; because if the beautiful
colours of the butterflies are spoiled, they are of no
value.

They are to be pinned through the thorax and put
in corked boxes like the Orthoptera and Hemiptera.

If you have no pins or cork, you can send them
enclosed in pieces of paper, the wings shut one on the
other and each specimen separately. ‘These pieces
of paper should be folded in the form of a triangle
and of a size according to the Insect.

When you have two or three hundred specimens,
you must pack them in a wooden box in good order,
poura little benzine in it, and paste paper all over the
box.

February 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 15

Hymenoptera and “Diptera must be pinned in the
same way through the thorax and exposed to the
sun (or to the heat of a fire a few minutes) ; this
exposition near the fire will kill them. They must
absolutely be pinned and sent in corked boxes ;
because in the bottles, their wings would be
damaged.

Insects are to be found everywhere, under stones,
moss, bark of decayed trees, in detritus or all
matter in decomposition, in mushrooms, flowers,
ripe fruits, in water, in dung, in soil, in the caverns,
in dead bodies, in dried and rolled leaves, on sand,
near the sea, and under seaweeds, in ant’s nests on
trunks of trees; especially those that have much sap
running, on long grass and herbage, in plains, etc.,
Ete ete:

With an open umbrella lined inside with light
linen cloth, and a stout stick, very profitable collec-
tions may be made by striking the bushes over the
umbrella.

Aquatic Insects must be caught with the landing
net. This net is employed for the aquatic Insects and
Shells, and also for sweeping the long grasses and
herbages i in the plains. In that way you can take large
quantities of Insects.

MARINE, LAND, AND FRESH WATER
SHELLS.

Shells, as indicated by their name, are to be found

in the sea, on land, and in fresh water.

Several species have an operculum (it is a small
round piece of the same matter of the shell, which is
fastened to the body of the animal).

It is used as a door: when he wants to come out,
he opens it, and shuts it when he likes; then he is
sheltered from birds and insects which are fond of
them.

It must be preserved ; because it is useful for the

~ecognition of the species.

Marine Shells are to be collected in quantity,
dredging the sheltered places as near as possible to
the reefs of rocks ; the nearer you approach, the more
shells you will collect.

On the rocks and in the crevices, you will find
many shells.

On the sea shore at the new and full moon, the
collector should go and turn the stones and will be
amply repaid for his trouble.

After severe gales of wind, many valuable species
brought from far away will be found ; you must not
miss these occasions.

Fresh water shells are to be collected in the rivers,
lakes, and ponds; they are found in the mud, on the
edge of the rivers or rivulets, and are generally very
abundant; they must not be neglected. Small
species are as interesting as the largest.

Land Shells are found under stones, in clefts of

rocks, under dried leaves, and other vegetable detritus, :

on trunks, leaves and branches of trees, under
decayed trees, moss, etc., etc.; but always in
sheltered, warm, and wet spots.

The calcareous mountains, when well forested, are
very good places for collecting shells.

They have value only when collected adult and alive.

To know when a shell is adult, whatever may be its
size, is when the lip (or the edges of the mouth) are
grown round and firm enough to resist the pressure
of your finger nail.

Young specimens will be collected when adults
cannot be found.

To collect Shells, it is necessary to be provided with
a basket with moss or other soft matter; place the
shells on it, separating the large from the small
species.

When at home, put them in a pail with lukewarm
water and cover it; when you see the animals
coming out of the shells , draw off quickly the water,
taking care none fall ‘down, and pour boiling
water enough to cover them; a few minutes after,
pour cold water, and then with a pin or needle take
out the animals as you would do with the snails used
as food.

In doing this delicate operation, take much care -
not to pierce the shell or break the mouth.

When the animals are out, wash the shells and
shake out the water and the interior dirt, and place
them on paper to dry ; but not to the sun.

When dry, put some cotton in the mouth and paste
the operculum on it.

Small species will be packed in glass tubes or small
boxes with cotton.

Should they be large, wrap each one separately in
paper and pack them in a box with soft substance.

It is useless to clean the very small species.

Others, for their particular forms cannot be cleaned,
kill them and put them near an ant’s nest ; if the ant’s
come to them they will eat entirely the animals, and
the work will be done.

If not, let them dry and pack them with care as the
others.

Send a few specimens of each species in a bottle
with spirits to study the animals.

SEEDS.

Seeds of all trees, bushes, or plants belonging to
the country producing beautiful leaves or handsome
flowers are to be collected.

They must be well ripe and dried in shade.

Pack them in small bundles, each species sepa-
rately.

CRUSTACEA.

Crabs, Prawns, Lobsters, etc., are Crustaceæ.

They must be sent in spirit as Reptiles.

Large species can be dried by sun and packed in
paper, but they are of less value than if sent in spirit,

ARACHNIDES & MYRIAPODA.

Spiders are Arachnides, Centipeds are Myriapoda ;
it is necessary to preserve and send them in very
strong spirit ; otherwise they dissolve in the voyage.

To be continued.

16 THE HUMMING BIRD.

Report on the December Public Sales of

Ostrich and Osprey Feathers, Bird
Skins, &c.

——— ————

The sale of Ostrich feathers commenced on the
r2th December, and lasted three days. |

In all, 2,071 Cases Cape and 2 Cases Egyptian
ee offered, of which 1,970 Cases of the former
sold.

The weight of feathers offered was 33,000 lbs.

The demand was fairly good. There was a decline
of ros. to 15s. per Ib. for the best qualities ; but the
common sorts sold well at firm rates.

White Boos declined ros. to 155. per lb. ; Femina
Boos 25. 6d. to 5s. per lb., and drab Boos about 2s. 6d.
per lb. Long and Medium black were about 10s. per
Ib. lower.

The quantity sold realized £107,000.

The next Sale will take place on the 2nd March.

The price current of Ostrich Feathers is as fol-
lows :-—

White Primes, 1st., 2nd. and 3rd. from 45 105. to
416 per l|b., according to quality.

White Femina, from £5 to £10 tos.; Black from
205. to £9.

Drab) 1135. 62:5 to AO 0s. Ross sito dos
Spadonas, 505. to £6; Boos white, 80s. to gos;
Boos femina, 525. to 65s,

Egyptian feathers are worth 10 to 15 per cent less
than the prices quoted above.

The sale of Osprey and Peacock Feathers and Bird
Skins of all descriptions took place on the 16th
January.

Of 379 packages of Osprey feathers offered, 348
packages were sold.

Long Osprey was in advance of 55. to 8s. per oz.
Short selected was firm, and rather dearer ; red, brown,
and White and Grey Paddy were steady. Bird Skins
in general dull. Female Birds of Paradise declined
to tos. 9d.

Long Osprey 135. to 255. per oz. ; Medium, 29s. to
405. ; Short, 305. to 425. ; Short selected, 525. to 675. ;
Red, 25. 2d. to 4s. White Paddy, 20s. to 255.; Grey
Paddy, tos. to 145 64.; Impeyan Pheasant, 35. to
55. 6d. each ; Black Argus, 35. 24. Peacock feathers:
Eyes extra fine, 544. per bundle; Neck feathers :
gold, 145. 6d. to 245 per lb.; blue and green, 15. 3d.
to 4s. 6d. ; blue small tos. per Ib. Parrots : rosehead,
34. to 3%d.each ; Parrots, medium, 14.to 1124. Indian
Birds, about 14. each; Jungle Fowls, flatskins 25. 4d.
each. Osprey skins with cross feathers, 1s.10d.to 15.114.
each ; Japanese Birds between 1124. to 1344 each, ex-
cept Small King Fishers, which sold at 54d. and 534d. ;
and Wax Wings at 4d. and 44. Birds of Paradise,
male, 125.64. to 155. 64. ; female, 6s. to 135. 9d. ;
Many Wires, 255.; Black Round, 20s. 6d. to 245. 6d.;
Green Breast Long Tails, t1s.; Black, with green
breasts, gs. ; Rifle Birds, 85. 32. to ros. 3d. ; Standard
Wings, 3s. 2¢.; King Paradise, 1s: 7a. to 25. 82.;
Regent birds, 25. 94. to 45.; Pitta, 1s. ; Red Tanagers,
94a. ; Orange Tanagers, 634d. ; Bronze King Fishers,
5d. ; Seven Colored Finches, 114 ; Various Finches,
244. to 3724.

[February x, 1891

The next Sale will take place the 6th of March.

Messrs. Boucard. Pottier & Co. will be happy to
execute Commissions for Gentlemen who cannot
attend the Sale. All Goods intended to be catalogued
for the next Sale should be forwarded before the 25th
of February.

Report on December and January Public
Sales of Postage Stamps.

2 ———$ —

On December r2th and 13th, Messrs. Phillips, Lea,
& Davies held a sale of the celebrated Caillebotte
Collection of Envelopes. ‘The total realized was
41,000. The highest prices paid were as follows :—

Baden 1858 stamp to left, rosette with well-defined
circle in centre 6 kr. and 12 kr. £10 55. ; Ditto 9 kr.
and 18 kr. £10 155. ; Ditto, same type large size 3 kr,
9 kr. and 12 kr. small size, 6 kr, 4in2)55. 5) Ditto;
same type, large size, 6 kr., 9 kr. and 18 kr., £11 5s.
Finland, 1850, 10 kop. on white wove paper, on
bluish wove paper, and on blue pelure paper, 4,16 tos.
Thurn and Taxis (North), 1861, lilac inscription half-
ser. large size, Lio. Ditto 1862, inscription same
colour as stamp, % sgr. 5 shades, 1 sgr. used,
2 sgr. unused and used, and 3 sgr. unused, all
large, £10.

A few others, North German Confederation pro-
visionals fetched £16 10s., £21 10s., and £12.
Great Britain, Mulready Envelopes 1d. and 2d.,
4x 125.; Hanover 1857, large, 1 gr. three shades,
1 sgr. unused and used, 2 sgr. two shades, 1 gr. two
shades used, 1 sgr., 2 sgr. and 3 sgr., variety with
oblique inscription, £18. ; etc., etc.

In Mr. Thomas Bulls Sale on December 2oth :
British Guiana 1851, magenta, realized £2 155. ;
Ditto 18535 a icent red: and ANcent blties a7) sa.
Cape of Good Hope, wood-block 14. red, fine colour,
42; ten very fine proofs in black of various colonial
stamps, £10; New South Wales 34., orange, on entire
original envelope, £4 8s.; several United States
1869, 1866 and 1860 realized £3 55.; and £4 155.
each, 1866 and 1860.

In the Sale of Messrs. Cheveley & Co., which com-
menced on Friday at 6 p.m., several Lots realized
a good price.

Afghanistan, dated 1288, 1,2 and 4 annas, 30s. ;
Ditto, 1 anna, tos.; Ditto, 2 and 4 annas, 22s. ;
British East Africa, 1st. issue 4%, 1 and 4 annas, all
unused, 385.; Cape Wood-blocks, rd. and 4d., 325.
bought by Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co.; Cape
Woodblock, 1 red, very fine, 325.; several Ceylon
Is. O4. green, 215.; another 15. 97. green, fine, 245. ;
Star perforated, 84., yellow brown, very fine, 30s. ;
Great Britain 14., black and pair 24., both unused,
4,3 105. Ten unused 14. black Mulready Envelopes,
AA 10s.; several ditto, by pair, 14 and 2d., 305. ;
Mulready 24. wrapper and 24. Envelope, unused,
445.3; etc., etc.

Messrs. Boucarb, PorTiER & Co. will be happy
to execute Commissions for Gentlemen who cannot
attend the Sales.

February 1, 1891] THE HUMMING BIRD. Y

BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO,,

NATURALISTS AND FEATHER MERCHANTS,

225, High Holborn, London, W.C., England.
COMMISSION. EXPORTATION,

Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural
History, Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all
orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ;
Crustaceæ and Arachnidæ in spirit; Ethnological collections from all parts; Showy Bird Skins and
Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for
Artificial Florists ; Rare old Stamps, used and unused ; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, etc.,
etc., etc.

All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottier
& Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best
prices for them.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. beg to advise Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they
undertake to stuff from a Humming Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices. Only experienced and
scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for that work, which will always be of the best class.

An inspection of their Galleries, where a large number of specimens are always on show, is solicited.

Special fabrication of Mammats and Brrps Evss at wholesale prices which defy all competition, either
as quality or price. See special Advertisement.

New Sranps ror Birps, suitable for Museums and Scientific Institutions. No one should be without
them, The appearance of the Birds on these stands is unequalled, and everyone should adopt them and
renovate the old ones. See Advertisement.

TO PLUMASSIERS AND FEATHER MERCHANTS.

Lots of PLUMES and BIRD SKINS, consigned to the Naroratist’s Acency Orrice and for sale.
ALL THE SKINS ARE OF FIRST QUALITY.

1 Lot of 12 Rifle Birds from Australia (magnificent skins) 1 lot de 12 Paradis gorge d’acier de l’Australie (peaux splen-
Price £13 4 0 dides ... iis Prix 330 fr.
1 ,, ,, 12 Regent Birds (very fine eee .- £4 0 0} 1 ,, ,, 12 Régents d’ Australie, “très belles po .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Mock Regents ... = M ONO Obl ae ae iO Faux Régents ate ... 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 60 Sterna minuta ... 0 ss … £7 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 60 Sterna minuta yay 600 eee 170 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Sterna various ... 600 Leo … £4 0 O0 | L ,, ,, 50 Sternes variées … odd odo … 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Fire back Pheasants … sae eto Ol OF ly). 00) Tthagines! 2-. 125 fr.
1 ,, ,, 10 Red and Black Argus ... ab -. £4 0 0/1 ,, ,, 10 Argus satyres à ventre rouge et à à ! ventre
NOI eee or 000 .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 6 oz. Long Osprey .. 006 OOP NO) alone tee 6loz. Aiprette longue .. … 225 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 skins Short Osprey, selected es .. £8 0 0/1 ,, ,, 20 Peaux Aigrette crosse, 1ère! qualité .… 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 Red Osprey, flat skins ... fe ae) OM OMR, 0, 20) Aierette rouge, peaux plates 200 cog, TDi
1 ,, ,, 20 Long Tailed Trojans ... . £20 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 20 Couroucous à longue queue odo … 9500 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 ditto from Columbia (splendid skins) .. £8 0 01]1 ,, ,, 20 ditto dela Colombie, peau de ler choix
et bien preparées … .… 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Cock of Rock, 1st choice ane .- £10 6 0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Cogs de roche, ler choix | 900 000 --- 250 fr.
ee 2Ouked Paradise birds, sound skins .. £10 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 20 Paradis rouge, peaux 1ondes wae … 250 fr.
1 ,, ,, 100 Rollers, flat skins oùe … £4 0 0/1 ,, ,, 100 Rolliers, peaux plates... … 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 100 King Fishers … c … £6 0 O0 |1 ,, ,, 100 Martins pécheurs, peaux plates... … 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 100 Sea Snipes, various, fine skins … £4 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 100 Becassines Pluviers, etc., belles peaux... 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Sea Gulls.- os ee ee CoO OMR 5 OlGoelandsiet Mouettes oe 000 a TOUTES
1 ,, ,, 2 Golden Turkey, fine eine oS .. £6 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 2 Dindons ocellés, belles peaux aon … 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 10 Goura Pidgeon from N. Guinea «» £6 0 01/1 ,, ,, 10 Pigeons Goura de la N. Guinée ... .… 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Wild Pidgeons .. Se Se … £4 0 0.} 1 ,, ,, 50 Pigeons sauvages ... 500 600 .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 Small Bustard .., aa “aS CHRONO MIN 20 Petites Outardes <-. and ees .-- 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 25 African Red Partridge ... eels … £2 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 25 Perdrix d’Afrique ... Abo 500 .. 50 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Californian Quails ans ane … £3 0 011 ,, ,, 50 Colins dela Californie... ae coo Way he
1 ,, ,, 20 Mandarin Ducks wi abo … £4 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 20 Canards mandarins 000 006 os 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Hawks, various Se 5% … £5 0 O0 |1 ,, ,, 50 Oiseaux de proie, divers ... Le LOU
1 ,, ,, 50 Large Owls A me Bee .- £6 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Grandes Chouettes es aad co LOOT:
1 ,, ,, 50 Owls, medium. ... es wes - £2 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Chouettes moyennes ass 6 boo, B40) 10
1 ,, ,, 50 Scops Sie sea ee ae «- £6 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Chouettes Scops ... 000 as … 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 Barn Owls ae ENG ee - £8 0 O0 ! 1 ,, ,, 20 Chouettes Effraies … a60 tas .… 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Parrots, various. bec Pca .. £4 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Perruches diverses.. tee Bais … 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Grey King Fishers see -- £6 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Martin Pécheurs gris ee ... 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Mexican Jays, new to Plumagsiers ... £8 0 0/1 »» » 00 Geais du Mexique (nouveau) 600 .… 200 fr.
1 ., ,, 25 Mexican Wood Peckers.. a .… £210 0/1 ,, ,, 25 Pics à Baguettes ... Sas 62 fr. 50 c.
1 ,, ,, 50 Golden Oriole ... os ted .. £4 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Orioles, dorés ust wae ae .. 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Shrikes ... ase Le fue .. £210 0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Pie Grièches 900 ne de 62 fr. 50 ¢

THE HUMMING BIRD.

| February 1, 1891

vi
1 Lot of 100 Hoopooes DiC Price £6 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Wax Wings Dao G00 £3 0 0
1 ., ,, 50 African Humming 000 200 £2 0 0
1 ,, ,, 100 Blue Creepers ... 600 £5 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Green Creepers .. £2 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Red Tanagers ... goo £210 O
1 ,, ,, 100 Yellow and Black Tanagers nes £4 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Five Coloured Tanagers £4 0 9
1 ,, ,, 100 Tanagers, various “£2 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Mexican Starlings £5 0 0
1 ,, ,, 100 European Starlings LAON 0
1 ,, ,, 25 Blue Jays... £2 0 O
1 ,, ,, 50 Alpine Crows ... £4 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Metallic Starlings ¢ £4 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Large New Guinea Pitta £8 0 0
1 ,, ,, 25 Royal Fly Catchers £5 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Fly Catchers, various ... £2 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Yellow-Headed Manakins £1 5 O
1 ,, ,, 50 Red and Black ditto do mo eal & À
1 ,, ;, 20 Goat Suckers … iss 00 ooo 28 OO
1 ,, ,, 100 Swallows : fae duo co ash, OO
1 ,, ,, 10 Bower birds bis Ay, poo a2) AO)
1 ,, ,, 100 Green Humming, all males sis coo a OO
1 ,, ,, 100 Amethyste Humming .. £4 0 0
1 ,, ,, 100 Large Humming a £210 0
10 Ruby Topaz Humming... £210 O
1 ,, ,, 25 Long Blue Tail Humming £5 0 0
14, 5,10 Fire ' Tail Humming alas £12 0 0
1 ,, ,, 50 Long Tail Humming, various... £4 0 0

JUST ARRIVED,

1 Lot of 5 Magnificent Fire back Pheasant ; quite new
to Plumassiers (A Sprmnpip Brrp) Price £8 0 0

1 ,, ,, 25 Macaws, flat skins £4 0 0

1 lot de 100 Huppes … ie 000 Prix 150 fr.
1 ,, , 50 Jaseurs ee 500 020 Ae STONES
1 ,, ,, 50 Sui manga ... ee ane 50 fr
1 ,, ,, 100 Guit guits à tête bleue 60 des 125 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Guit guits verts Ne Fe 50 fr,
1 ,, ,, 50 Tangaras rouges ... de ie 62 fr. 50 ¢
Vie i 00 Tangaras noirs et jaunes ate 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Tangaras, quinticolor ... wee 100 fr
1 ,, ,, 100 Tangaras divers ... ois See ono EDIT
1 ,, ,, 50 Etourneaux du MU ee Hes 125 fr
1 ,, ,, 100 Sansonnets.. Ws ae noo Ad) abe
ieee conceals ate Ba ooo AU) tit
| 1 ,, ,, 50 Corbeaux des ‘Alpes _ Fe sas … 100 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Merles Métalliques bleus ... … 100 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Grandes Bréves, de la N. Guinée. … 200 fr
1 ,, ,, 25 Gobe mouches royaux , ... 125 fr
| 1 ,, ,, 50 Gobe mouches divers ; 50 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Manakins à tête jaune 36 fr. 25 ¢
| 1 ,, ,, 50 Manakins à tête rouge 36 fr. 25 ¢
1 ,, ,, 20 Engoulevents 50 fr’
| 1 ,, ,, 100 Hirondelles 100 fr’
1 ,, ,, 10 Oiseaux satinés 62 fr. 50 c°
| 1 ,, ,, 100 Oiseaux mouches Verts, tous males 62 fr. 50 c°
1 ,, ,, 100 Clarisses et Parzudaki ue 100 fr”
1 ,, ,, 100 Grands Oiseaux mouches divers 62 fr. 50 c°
1 ,, ,, 50 Rubis Topazes … 900 p00 62 fr. 50 ¢°
Hf) JET) EU 20 0) Ce se soo By aie?
1 ,, ,, 10 Saphos ou Queues de feu . 300 fr’
1 ,, ,, 50 Oiseaux Mouches à longue queue 100 fr’
DECEMBER, 1890.
1 ,, ,, 100 Hoopooes Price £6 0 O
1 ,, ,, 50 Indian Crows £7 0 0

TO

BER We Ge reas
Lot of 25,000 Blue beetles ... 7 Price £4
5» 3, 25,000 Green ,, large £5
51 eo O00! =; » small. £4
a a yezosO00mPurpley tar... £8
1000 Golden Phaneus £10

5000 May Bugs. …

1000 Golden Antichira

1000 Large Green Buprests
1000 Golden Buprests

500 Ocellated Buprests

50 Diamond Beetles 36
500 Brazilian Golden Cacides
noe Jeanine from ‘Wess nee in papers

lan]

_—

=
| coococooccccccecce
oococcoccscsco

ARTIFICIAL FLORISTS, JEWELLERS,

etc. .
IN; Sa CG aS.

1 Lot de 25,000 Hoplies bleues Prix 100 fr.

1 ,, ,, 25,000 Grandes Chrysomèles vertes .. 125 fr.
1 ,, ,, 25,000 Petites we 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 25,000 Chrysomèles violettes 200 fr.
1S Cah 1000 Phaneus dorés ee 250 fr.
1 ,, ,, 5000 Hannetons : 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 1000 Petits Hannetons vert dorés 250 fr.
1 ,, ., 1000 Grands ee vert dorés ... 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 1000 Buprestes dorés . 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 500 Buprestes ocellés.. 125 fr.
1 ,. ,, 50 Chareucons dorés . 125 fr.
1, 5H00ICacides he 100 fr.
TER ES eee Papen a Afrique 100 fr.

LIST

OF THE

PRICED UTENSILS

NECESSARY FOR COLLECTING

REPTILES, FISHES, AS noue ete.

Benzine bottle Is. Od.
Tin box for collecting Turectas Om Is. 6d.
Bottle … noe Os. 3d.
Glass tubes or phials, doz. 1s. Od.
Digger ... A 2s. 6d.
Butterfly nets, from 1s. 6d.
Sweeping and water, nets from Qs. 6d.
Umbrella for Insects, from 8s. Od.
Cork in boards, per doz., from 2s. 6d.
Pins for Insects, per thousand, from 1s. 6d.
Pill boxes, per gross, from . 4s. Od.
Corked boxes for Insects, from 1s. 6d.
Wooden box same size 1s. Od.
Boucard’s Insecticide, per oz. Os. 6d.
Flax, per pound Os. 6d.
Cotton- wadding, per sheet Os. 6d.
Nippers, from 1s. 6d

Fishing rods with accessory, from 900 28.

Other Utensils for collecting Mammals, Birds, ete., are to be
obtained at the Naturalist’s Agency, 225, High Holborn,
London, W. C.

BOUCARD'S INSECTICIDE POWDER

against MITES, INSECT LARV etc.
Wholesale and Retail.
Suecess guaranteed ——

This new Powder is of easy use, not dangerous to manipu-
late, and a good disinfectant against CHoLzRA morBus and all
EPIDEMIC DISEASES.

It destroys immediately all vermine, such as Fuxas, Bues,
Mitrs, Larvm or DERMESTES, etc.

Sixpence for a trial packet of one ounce. It lasts a long
time, a small quantity being necessary each time.

Trades supplied at a liberal discount.
No House ovGHT TO BE WITHOUT IT.
Once tried, always used !

COCOA BUTTER.

Guaranteed pure.

Very useful to soften the skin, a preservative against
CHareD Hanps and CHrILBLains and a remedy for Cuts, Burns,
etc. ete.

Sold in cakes, Sixpence and one shilling.

February 1, 1801] EUS

HUMMING BIRD.

wii
STAMPS (continued).
TO STAMP COLLECTORS. Sirdar eT
=== 1867—71, 3d. Wmk. star surcharged inred finecopy 25s.
FOR SALE. VicTORTA :-—
New Sourn WALES :— 1d. red unused ... bot de ase ooo 128.
1850, 2d., Sydney View 06 ee .… 208. 1852, 3d. blue (Perforated) ... O0 200 000 SEL,
» on laid paper 25s. 1862, 3d. dull lake ... on cee c … 108.
185456, Imperf. 8d. sallow, geod PRES) on 3 3 sides, WESTERN AUSTRALIA :—
ae fair on 4th ve 25s. | 1852 MS browniuneut. aise. Mermces a 1 E:- 1208
seat | UNITED STATES :—
1856, 6, 10d. blue, fine copy sv … 128. | 1869, 90 cents, red and black, fine copy … .. 15s.
MAURITIUS :— |
1848 1d red worm plates. see o Ose |
1859. 2d. blue, Greek border... ... … ms WANTED.
Mexico :— $ es Uh pi
1867, Gotic surcharge, 4 reals, rose on lilac, fine copy 10s. | Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to
8 real, black on brown, fine copy 30s. | which none have been added since the last 20 years.
Nata :— | Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-
1857—58, 1d. buff, fair copy ... 18s. | ally Colonials and old German states.
3d. pink, fair copy... oo 15s. | Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.
6d. green, fair copy Ey i 10s. | Old unused English and Colonials.
New ZEALAND :—
6d. brown, pelure paper... oh 6s. | Old works on stamps.
a eee imperf. NE. N.Z. ie Us. fes

FRE of SES etc. etc.

“TO BE LET
OR SOLD.

TO CONCHYLIOLOGISTS.

JUST: ARRIVED.

A large collection of Shells from Japan which are to be sold
at very moderate prices.
Also Shells from Centran America, N. Arnica, Nzw GUINEA,
etc., etc.
List of these will be published in successive numbers.

FOR SALE.

100,000 Marine, Fluviatile and Land Shells, about 20,000
species (collection of Mr. Boucarv). It contains the celebrated
Saunders, Layard, Walpole, and Fritsch collections and many
others, and a very large choice of the species collected by
Messrs. Wallace, Cuming, Brewer, French, Sallé, Wallis,
Bartlett, Chesterton, Buckley, Crossley, Duboulay, Majastre,
Planos, Reed, Rebouch, Bland, Gabb, etc., etc., ete., as also all
the Shells collected by Mr. Boucard in N. America, Mexico,
Central America, Panama, etc., etc.

TO ETHNOLOGISTS.

FOR SALE.
Twelve finely carved Arrows and 1 Bow from New Guinea
Price 20s.
African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s.

Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very
nicely carved Price 30s. each.

Pagaie from New Guinea, made of palm tree Price 30s.

Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what
appears to be Musicians, two large figures in the centre and
six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is
quite unique, and no Museum in the world possesses anything
like it Price £50.

A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central
America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, etc. from 5s,

ail VILLAS, with Beautiful Gardens,

at SAN REMO, the well known Winter Resort,

40 minutes from MONTE CARLO.
Apply at the Office of the Journal.

TO ZOOLOGISTS.

JUST ARRIVED.

1 Lot of 100 Diptera from Japan Price 25s.
1 Lot of 100 Orthoptera from Japan Price 30s.
1 Lot of 100 Newroptera from Japan Price 35s.

1 Lot of 100 species of Butterflies from Japan Price 150s.
1 Lot of 200 species of Moths from Japan Price 200s.
1 Lot of 100 Coleoptera from Japan, including Damaster

fortunei and other rare species Price 50s.
1 Lot of 100 species of Shells Price 100s.
1 Lot of 100 Crustaceæ from Japan Price 100s.
1 Lot of 100 Sea Urchins from Japan Price 100s.
1 Lot of 302 Coleoptera from Morocco Price 75s.
1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Guatemala Price 100s.
1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Venezuela Price 100s.
1 Lot of 100 Moths from Venezuela Price 80s.

1 Lot of Coleoptera in spirit from Venezuela, 10 bottles
containing thousands of specimens. Price 50s.

1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from West Africa in papers, Papilio,
Charaxes, etc. Price 80s.

1 Lot of 100 Butterflies and Moths from India, many fine
species of Papilio etc. Price 100s.

1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Trinidad including a rare
species of Morpho Price 80s.

1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Borneo, containing many rare
Papilio, ete. Price 100s.

1 Lot of 100 Coleoptera from Brazil Price 20s.

TO MUSEUMS, ETHNOLOGISTS,

etc.

Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America
from 6d.
Statuettes representing the Indians of Mewico and Guatemala
from 3s.
Hots, Baskets, Mats and various Objects made with palm
leaves and various textile plants, from Central America, Mada-

gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.
Samples of Tewtile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal

Plants, etc. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.
Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from ls.

Kte., etc., etc.

viii

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[February x, 1891

MR. ADOLPHE BOUCARD

NATURALIST,

Corresponding Member of the Royal Zoological Society of London, de la Commission Scientifique
du Mexique à Paris, &c., &c.

NOMMREEC\L MURS SecocMieciuon of

A Series of Pictorial Diagrams and Aatural Specimens,

ILLUSTRATIVE OF
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, GEOLOGY and MINERALOGY.
Adopted by the London School Board and all the principal Colleges of England.

The Series contains 20 sheets, 18in. by 24 in., comprising 166 Diagrams of Animals and Plants,
life size, beautifully printed in colours, and 37 Natural Specimens, of Woods and Minerals, neatly
mounted on very stout cardboard, with rings for hanging on the wall.

The Set Complete, with Handbook, in a Strong Box, 32s. Varnished, 40s.

Handbook separate, Price 4s., paper; 4s. 6d., cloth.

** The usual Discount to Schools and the Tr ade

TO BE HAD ONLY AT

225, High Holborn,

London, W.C.

FOR S ALE. Life Admission to

Royal Aquarium.

Price 5 Guineas.

TO BOOKSELLERS AND OTHERS.

Boucard. Catologus Avium, English or French preface, Syste-
matic Classification of Birds, 8s. instead of 12s.
Catalogue of Birds, published by the British Museum.
Vol. 1 to 6inclusive. The first three Volumes are out of

print. Price £10.
Hand List of Birds, Gray, published by the British Museum.
3 vol. 8vo. Price 25s,

Guide pour collecter, préparer et expédier des Collections
d'histoire naturelle. 8.

Guia para colectar, conservar y despachar Colecciones de
historia natural. Is.

Petit Atlas d'Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
les plus connus, dessinés d’aprés nature par Martinet,
Paris, 1784.

1 Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition. Contents:
Epitre 4 Buffon, Tableau général du classement des Oiseaux
divisés d’après Buffon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou
Familles. 150 splendid coloured plates par Martinet. Exceed-
ingly rare. £50.
America, by John Ogilby Esq., London, 1671. Grand in folio,

675 pages, 121 splendid Engravings and Maps. £30.

Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, ete., by Don Antonio Solis,
Brusselas, 1741.

1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Engravings and Maps.
1 to 9 slightly stained.

Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva Espana, by Rev.
Bernardino de Sahagun, con notas y suplementos, por
Carlos Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in
4to., uncut. £5.

Historia de las Conquistas de Hernando Cortez, por Francisco
Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas y addiciones, por Carlos
Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. in 4to, 315 pp.

£2.

Pages
£20.

Tezeoco en los ultimos tiempos de sus antiguos Reyes.
Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos de Boturini y redac-
tados por el Lic. Mariano Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol-
16mo, 276 pages. £2.

Catecismo y Declaracion de la Doctrina Christiana en lengua
OTOMI, con un Vocabulario del mismo idioma, por el
R. P. Joaquin Lopez Yepes, Mexico, 1826. 1 Vol. in 4to,
254 pages. £4.

LONDON : Published by A. BOUCA RD, at 225, High Holborn, W.C. ;

and Printed at J.S.

D. R. Kampuysens Stichtelyke Rymen, by M. Mathieu, Rot-
terdam, 1688. 1 Vol. in 8vo., 680 pages. £2.
Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno Catecismo impreso

en el idioma MEXICANO, por un Sacerdote devoto de la

Madre santissima de la Luz, etc.

Puebla, 1819. 1 Vol., 67 double pages, one side in Mexican,

the other in Spanish. £2 10
Various Calendarios Mexicanos, 1830 to 1860. 2s. each.

STANDS, NEW STYLE.
Wholesale Price.

No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per hundred
» 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 249. 43
» 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. us
» 4 ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small
Hawks at 32s. 5
» > ,, Small Hawks to Large Hawks
and Owls at 40s. 50
ARTIFICIAL EYES.
Wholesale Price.
Black Coloured Cornered Sonde
per gross per doz.pairs per doz.pairs
No.lto4 6d. 1s. 64. No.4to6 35s.6d. As. 6d.
y Do & Bab 2s. 6d. » 7,, 8 5s. 0d. 6s. Od.
» 9 ,, 10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. eg 6s. Od. 8s: Od.
» 11 2s.0d. 5s. 6d. » 10 7s.0d. 9s. Od.
NO Dsl Sara" Od. MAINS SAUT 10s. 0d.
» 13 2s.6d. 10s. 0d. » 12 98. 0d. 11s. Od.

doz. of pairs

» 14 3s.0d. 1s. 6d. » 13 10s. 0d. 12s. Od.
» 15 3s.6d. 2s. 6d. » 4 . Od.
» 16 4s.0d. 2s. 6d. » 15 18s: 0d. 15s. 0d.

» 17 8s.0d. 3s. Od. Larger sizes can be made
» 18 12s.0d. 4s. Od. to order.

Nr. 1 to 4are gocd for humming birds and others up to

the size of Tanagers.

No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies.

No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls.

No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc.

No. 13 te 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc.

LEVIN'S Steam Printinz Works, 75, Leadenhall Street, E.C.

February 1, 1891.

A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

VOL. 1, NO.3. | March 1, 1891.

PRICE SIXPENCE,

Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ; all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.
All other countries, 6 shillings.

KZ =
ee
Sy LS
ES
iS + N

a5

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

MR. ADOLPHE BOUCARD, .
NATURALIST,

Officier d’Académie, 1878; Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;
_ Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1865;
de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1889;
Member of the International Jury, Paris, 1889 ; Member of many scientific societies ;
etc. »etc. Sete. ete;

CONTENTS OF No. 3.—MARCH 1, 1891.
Notes on Rare Species of Humming Birds and The Panama Canal.

Descriptions of Several Supposed New Answers to Correspondents.

Species in Boucard’s Museum. An easy way of making £100 a year.
Notes on the Genus Pharomacrus. Report on the last Public Sales of Natural
Second International Ornithological Congress. History Specimens.

~The McKinley Bill. .

yi.

Report on January and February Public Sales

of Postage Stamps.
_

SSS I D a RE I SE ST
[ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.]

ii THE HUMMING BIRD.

FOR SALE.
Shells.
‘Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.
LAND FLUVIATELE AND MARINE SHELLS.

Glandinide, 1s. each. Helicidæ, 64. each. Bulimidæ
1s. each. Achatinide, 15. each. Cylindrellidæ, 15. 6d.
each. Clausilidæ, 3¢. each. Ampularidæ, 64. each.
Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclosto-
nidæ 67. each. MFlelicinidæ 932. each; ~ Unio;
Anodonta, and Ostrea, 6d. each.

Marine Shells—4/ the Collection including
Argonauta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa,
Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra, Conus, Strombus,
Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo,
Venus, Cardium, &c., 6d. each.

Can be divided if required.

All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office.

List of Parrots for Sale.

PSITTACIDA. LEACH. o
1 Platycercus Dennanes Lath ae sh 8
2 — mounted ... aA 10
a — ue Gould os: “ies 10
4 — flaviventris TE - de ew Io
5 — — mounted ... Fase 12
6 — palliceps, Vig. aoe us 10
7 — eximius, Shaw BR ig 10
8 Psephotus multicolor, Brown ... Be 10
9 — hæmatonotus, Gould Ben 10
10 — pulcherrimus, — 500 12
11 Nymphicus cornutus, Gm. 600 p00 20
12 Barnardius Barnardi, Vig de 500 10
13 — semitorquatus Quoy... 8: 12
14 Polytelis barrabandi, Sw. sen a 12
15 — — mounted... tee 14
16 — alexandre, Gould Fe Bee 12
17 — — mounted ... A 14
18 Aprosmictus erythropterus, Gm. ie 12
18 bis — — mounted... a 15
19 — vulneratus, Wagl ... 500 16
20 — cyanopygius V. 500 10
21 — — mounted 506 12
22 — broadbenti ... Be AG 16
23 — dorsalis, Quoy 500 600 20
24 Pyrrhulopsis personatus, G. R. Gr. 505 30
25 — tabuensis, Gm. ee sats 30
26 Cyanoramphus novoe-zelandiæ, Sparm. ...
27 — auriceps, Kuhl ... 400 6
28 — pacificus, Forst ... wile 20
29 Melopsittacus undulatus, Shaw ... a 4
30 Euphema pulchella, Shaw ce ds 6
31 car = mounted ... ide 8
32 — chrysogastra, Lath... 359 10
33 — chrysostoma, Kull …. uae 10
34 — aurantia, Gould an ae 10
35 Pezoporus formosus, Lath sh ae 8
20 — — mounted ae 10
37 Prioniturus flavicans, Cass. wale tf 8
38 — platurus, Kuhl 506 co 8
39 Urodiscus discurus, V. … Dre oe 20
40 Palæornis eupatria, L. ... ce or 5
AI — docilis, V. he ale nee 5

| March 1, 1891

42 Palæornis docilis, mounted

103

torquata, Bodd
— mounted

bengalensis, Gm.

purpureus, Mull

_schisticeps, Hodgs.

columboides, Vig.
— mounted
calthropæ, Lay

Belocercus longicaudus Bodd

fasciatus, Mull -
javanicus, Osb

Ara macao, L

mounted

— chloropterus, G. R. G.

— ararauna, L.,

mounted

— militaris, L.
— severa, L.
— nobilis, L,

hahni, Souancé 2
Re pachyrhyncha, Sw.
Henicognathus leptorhynchus, King
Conurus cyanolycos, Land :

icterotis, Mas and S.
carolinensis, L., mounted
chloropterus, Souancé ...
wagleri, G. R. Gr.
erythrogenys, Less
pavua, Bodd à
nanday, Desm., mounted
luteus, Bodd

jandaya, Gm. …

aztec, Souancé ...
pertinax, L.

Weddelli Dev.
holochlorus, Sclat
ocularis, Scl. and Salv.
petzii, Leihe

rhodocephalus, Sclat and Salv..

aureus, Gm.
— mounted

cruentatus, Max

— mounted
vittatus, Shaw

— mounted
souancel, Verr ...
leucotis, Licht ...
cyanopterus, Bodd

— mounted...

WENO, IDE 5 eae g
roseifrons, G. R. Gr. ...
callipterus, Man
hoffmanni, Cab..

Balbo nena monachus, “Bodd

= mounted

Brotogeris triacula, Hald

virescens, Gm.

— mounted
tuipara, Gm.
jugularis, Mull
tovi, Gnel …
chrysosema? Natt.

104 Loriculus galgulus, L.

105
106

— mounted ...
stigmatus, Mul and Sch.

I

NS

QU O OR OBS O

ee OH me N
© © D O ND À O O

as) ei
On OR O

March 1, 1801]

107
108
109
TIO
Tei
112
Ths
TI4
115
116
117
118
I19
120
121
122
12e
124
125
126
1277
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
TAT
T42
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
I51
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
I61
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170

List OF PARROTS FOR SALE.—/( Continued. )

Loriculus vernalis, Sparm.

— melanopterus, Scop.

— exilis, Schl,

— aurantii frons
Licmetulus philippinus, V.
mounted
— regulus, Souancé

Lorius dumicella, L.
— —— mounted
— erythrothorax
— tricolor, Steph.
— — mounted
— garrulus, L.
— —— mounted

— ater, Scop.
— sintillatus, Tem.
— fuscatus, Bp. ...
— chloropterus, Salv.
Vini fringillaceus, Gm.
Phigys solitarius, Lath.
Eos rubra, Gm.
mounted
— cochinsinensis, Lath.
— reticulatus, Mul and Schl.
— cardinalis, Hombe and L.
Trichoglossus, hematodus, L. ...
— rubritorques, Vig and He
— novæ hollandiæ, Gm.
mounted
— nigrogularis, G. R. Gr.

— cyanogrammus, See cee
== massena, Bp.

— — 7 mounted.

— ornatus, L.

= chlorolepidotus, Kuhl.

= — mounted

— flavoviridis ? Sclat.
— meyeri, Schl.
Ptilosclera versicolor, Vig.
Glossopsitta concinna, Shaw
mounted
— pusila, Shaw
mounted
— porphyreocephala, Diet.
mounted

Psiteuteles euteles, Tem.

— placentis, Tem.

— muschenbrooki
Charmosyna papuana, Gm.
mounted

— arfaki, Ver.
= stellæ
Muscarinus polychlorus, Scop
— sinensis, Gm.
Tanygnathus me ralorhynchos, Bodd.
— mulleri, Mull and Sch.
Nestor meridionalis, Gm. :
— productus, Gould

Dasyptilus per duet Less.

Vaza nigra, L. 36
— vaza, Shaw ARE eee
— comorensis, Pet. ... ae Vag
— barkleyi, Newt. ... sa ae

Geoffroy personatus, Shaw

17I

172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
I8I
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
TOI
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
DIT
212
CE
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222

223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234

THE HUMMING BIRD.

Geoffroy rhodops, G. R. Gr.

— _aruensis —

— cyanicollis, Mull and Sch.
Poiocephalus senegalus, L.
mounted

— Levaillanti 308
—— — mounted
— meyeri, Rupp.

— versteri, Finsch.
Caica melanocephala, L ... Rs
mounted

— xanthomeria, G. R. Gr.
— histrio, Bodd
— amazonina, Desmurs
— pyrilia, Bp... 500
— hæmatotis, Scl. and Salv Le
— coccineicollaris, Lawr
Pionus menstruus, ity
— sordidus, L. :
— maximiliani, Kuhl
— senilis, Spix
— violaceus, Bodd ...
Deroptyus accipitrinus, L.
Chrysotis farinosa, Bodd
— auripalliata, Less
— amazonica, L. ...
mounted
= panamensis, Cab
— sallei, Finsch ...
— jamaicensis «se
— albifrons, Spar...
Triclaria cyanogaster, V.
Psittacula guianensis, Sw.
> passerima, L.
— coelestis, Less
— conspicillata, Laf.
Urochroma cingulata, Scop.
-- purpurata, Gm.
— surda, HI.
Agapornis pullaria, L.
mounted
popopsitia cana, Gm. toe
— mounted ...
Setrste diophthalma, H. and F.
a= Bremei 500
== desmaresti, Garn
— coxeni, Gould
— suavissima, Sclat
— loxia, Cuv.
Psittinus incertus, Shaw
Nasiterna pygmæa, Quoy
Calopsitta novæ hollandiæ, Gm.

Cacatua alba, Mull, mounted
— sulphurea, Gm., mounted
Lophocroa leadbeateri, Vig.
Eolophus roseicapillus, VA
Licmetis nasicus, Tem.
CADRIOTRYACREE banksii, Lath .
— mounted
Callocephalon galeata, Lath
— mounted
Méenessun aterrimum, Gm. ..
Strigops habroptilus, G. R. Gr. ...
— greyi, G. R. Gr.

mounted...

iil

4
NO DU AK ND CON

al W
ono

NN
+ Oo oO

20

iv THE HUMMING BIRD.

TO ORNITHOLOGISTS.

FOR SALE.

Fine mounted specimen of Alca impennis, the Great Awk,
(extinct species). Pedigree from the date of capture, 1836, to
this date, will be given to buyer.

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of
bird Reinhardtia ocellata Bp., the greatest discovery of the
century. Price £50

Fine male specimen of the beautiful bird Calyptomena
Whiteheadi, n. sp., the second species known of this rare
genus, four times larger and more beautiful than C. Viridis.

Fine pair,.male and female, of the rare Paradise bird.
Semioptera Wallacet. Price £4.

Fine pair of the magnificent bird of Paradise, Astrapia

[March 1, 1891.

TO ENTOMOLOGISTS.

FOR SALE.
One very fine pair, male and female, of Morpho Godarti
Price £10.
One fine male specimen of the same species. Price £2 10s.
Ditto medium. 7 Price £1.

One fine pair, male andfemale of Ornithoptera pegasus.
Price £2 10s.

nigra. Price £6.
Pair of Epimachus mawimus. Price £5.
Pair of Paradisea raggiana. Price £5.
Pair of Parotia sextacea. Price £5.

Pair of Paradisea rubra.

Pair of Schlegelia willsoni (Dyphillodes republica).

Pair of Lophorina atra.
Pair of Ptilornis paradisca.

Pair of Craspedophora magnifica

Pair of Seleucides albus.

Price £2 10s.

Price £4.

Price £4.
Price £2 10s.
Price £2 10s,
Price £4 10s.

: Pair of Paradigalla carunculata. Price £5.
One specimen of Casuarius edwardi Price £10.
One specimen of Apteryæ Owenit. Price £1 10s.
One specimen of Apteryx maxima. Price £8.
One Pair of Meleagris ocelluta. Price £6.
One specimen of Chauna chavaria. Price £8.
Ditto ditto stuffed Price £10.
One specimen of Oreophasis derbianus Price £8.
Ditto ditto stuffed Price £10.
One specimen of Argus giganteus, stuffed Price £5.
One specimen of Argus grayi. Price £6.
One stuffed specimen of Chrysolophus amherstiae.

Price £6.
One male specimen of Otidiphaps nobilis. Price £2 10s.
One specimen of Hypoleucus carunculatus. Price £4.
One specimen of Strigops hubroptilus. Price £1 10s.
One pair of Pharomacrus mocina. Price £2.
One pair of Pharomacrus costaricensis. Price £2.
One pair of Xanthomelus aureus. Price £10.
One pair of Sericulus melinus. Price £1.

One pair of Heteralocha gouldi, female very rare.

Price £2 10s.

By pair it means one male and one female.

WANTED.

Specimens of :—
Fregilupus varius Bodd.
Camptolainus labradorius.
Chrysolophus pictus L. Gmel.
Chrysolophus amherstiae

Leadb.
Pterocnemia darwini Gould
Dromaius nove hollandiæ
Sypheotides macqueeni Gr.
Cariama cristata L.
Chunga burmeisteri Hartl.
Palamedea cornuta L.
Ischyornis derbiana Gr.
Aburria carunculata Tem.
Leipoa ocellata Gould
Polyplectron, all the species

except hardwicki

Lobiophasis bulweri Sharpe
Alectrophasis cuvieri Tem.
Gennæus nycthemerus L.
Grammatoptilus lineatus
Lath.
Hierophasis swinhoei Gould
Diardigallus diardi Tem.
Lophophorus lhuysii Verr.
Calcophasis sclateri Ierd.
Gallus sonnerati Tem.
Creagrius varius Shaw

Sarkidiornis egyptiaca Gmel.

Ara ararauna L.

Ara militaris L.

Ara hyacinthinus Lath.
Cotinga amabilis Gould
Cotinga cayana L.

Ditto medium.
Ornithoptera brookiana.

Pair of Goliathus cacicus, very fine. £1.
Dicranocephalusbowringi 20s. | Carabus speciosus 12s.
Ceratorhina morgani 20s. — mochcae 40s.
— hornimani 10s. — bomplandi 8s.
Heterorhina imperialis 10s. — robustus 8s.
Lomaptera albertisi 10s. — tuberculosus 8s.
— ignipennis 10s. — riffensis 8s.
Steraspis herculana 10s. — aumonti 8s.
Sternocera pulchra 10s. | Damaster blaptoides 20s.
Catoxantha gigantea 10s. — fortunei 12s.
— eduardsi 10s. | Haplothorax burchelli 20s.
Psiloptera principalis 10s- | Cychrus angusticollis 4s.
Taphrosoma dohrni 10s. — elevatus 8s.
Cyphus germari 2s. 6d. — ventricosus 2s.
— augustus 28. 6d. — alternatus 2s.
— nigropunctatus Is. 6d. — punctatus 4s.
Eupholus magnificus 3s. | Mormolyce phyllodes 10s.
Psalidognatus bouxardi 16s. — hagenbachi 20s.
— erythrocerus 16s. — castelnaudi 258.
Hippocephalus armatus 30s. | Chiasognathus granti 10s.
Derobrachus inæqualis 10s. — peruvianus 40s.
— brevicollis 10s. — gaujoni 50s.
Aulacocerus mundus 10s. — feisthameli 30s.
Mallaspis rhomboderi 4s. — buckleyi 30s.
— belti 10s. | Macronoxia crinita 5s.
— xanthaspis 10s. | Euchirus longimanus 20s.
— leucaspis 6s. | Pelidnota burmeisteri 16s.
Pyrodes pulcherrimus 10s. | Proculus goryi 30s.
Calocomus desmaresti 16s. — muniszecki 10s.
Elateropsis lineata 8s. — oparipennis 5s.
Crioprosopus splendens 10s. | Plusiotis resplendens 208.
— tricolor 10s. — batesi 308.
Batocera victoriana 20s. | Chrysophora chrysochlora 4s.
— celebiana 16s. | Chrysina mniszecki 16s.
— gigas 20s. — adolphi 16s.
— wallacei 20s. | Anoplognathus grayi 20s.
Sagra buqueti 4s, — mastersi 10s.
Amblychila cylindriformis — n.sp. 12s.
10s. | Golofa imperätor 5s.
Omus Dejeani 20s. | Dynastes hercules 16s.
— audouini 8s. | Chalcosoma hesperus 20s.
Oxygonia floridula 16s. | Mesgasoma thersites 10s.
— gloriola 12s. | Aegopsis curvicornis 8s.
— buckleyi 12s. | Lycomedes reichei 20s.
— moronensis 8s. | Prionocalus cacicus 60s.
Carabus valdiviae 8s. — atys 60s.
— buqueti 8s. | Ancisthrosoma buckleyi 4s.
— sybarita 8s. — rufipes 38.
— elegantissimus 12s. | Mitrocephala humboldti 20s.
— castroensis 12s. | Tetracha klugi 58.
— subnitens 12s. — bifasciata 58.
— andestus 128. — laminata 5s.
— imexpectatus 16s. | Catoxantha eburnea 20s.
— gloriosus 10s, — opulenta 38.
— villaricensis 12s. | Goliathus torquatus 20s.
— hypocrita 20s. — polyphemus 205.
— temucensis 30s. | Ceratorhina juliae As,
— darwini 8s. — derbyana 8s.
— hbimarginatus 10s. — ruficeps 208.
— chonchicus 12s. | Tmesorhina saundersi 5s.
— chiloensis 12s. | Dymusa cyanea 28.
— chilensis 10s. | Neptunides polychrous 20s.
kraatzianus 20s. | Ranzenia bertolini 10s.

£1 10s.
30s.
Pair of Goliathus Druryi, very large and very fine. Price £4.

March x, 1891]

Che Humming Bird.

Notes on Rare Species of Humming Birds
and Descriptions of Several Supposed
New Species in Boucard’s Museum.

By A. Boucard.

THRENETES LEUCURUS, L. 1766.

Male.—Head, back, and tail coverts, golden-green 5
central rectrices, bronzy-green ; wings, purple ; chin
black bordered on each side with a buff line, exactly
of the same colour as the throat, which is reddish-
buff; lores nearly black, a black line crosses the
breast just under the buff of the throat: breast and
sides of the abdomen, bronze-green ; abdomen, grey-
ish-buff; under tail coverts, bronzy-green margined
with pale buff; tail, white, the two central feathers
tipped and bordered with blackish-purple ; upper
mandible, black ; lower mandible, flesh colour with
black tip.

Total length, 44 inches; wings, 24 inches; tail,
thinches ; bill, 14 inches.

Habitat, French, Dutch, and British Guiana.

THRENETES CERVINICAUDA, GOU:D, 1854.

Male.—Differs from the preceding species by the

general colour of the upper surface, which is dark ©

bronzy-green, the lines bordering the chin, white ; the
abdomen, pale buff, and chiefly by the tail, which
is reddish-buff, the two central feathers tipped and
bordered externally with purple-black.

Length, the same as T. /eucurus.

In a box sent from Bogota I was pleased to find a
very good series of this species, among which some
very adult males, with which I was able to ascertain
the distinction between this species and 7. /eucurus.
All the specimens received from Bogota are alike,
not one of them has the slightest sign of white on
the tail feathers.

I think I have some females. It is very much
similar to the male, but lighter in colour; the black
of the chin is not quite dark, the buff on the chest
is lighter ; the black band under it is golden, and all
the under surface is buff tinged with very few bronzy
feathers on the sides ; the feathers of the tail, except-
ing the central rectrices, which are bronzy-green with
buff tips, are pale buff with black tips and black
borders internally, and more so externally.

THRENETES FRASERI, GOULD, 1861.

Male.—Upper surface, including tail-coverts,
golden green, distinguishing the species from Ruckeri,
. which is metallic dark green, central rectrices bronzy
green with white tips; wings blackish purple; chin
black ; throat and breast buff; abdomen reddish
grey ; under tail-coverts olive green, margined with
buff ; In T. ruckeri they are green with a very slight
buff margin. Rectrices black, largely tipped with
white. In ruckeri they are shorter, wider, bluish
dark, and narrowly tipped with white; upper man-
dible black; lower mandible flesh colour. Total
length, 44 inches; wings, 24; bill, 1.

THE HUMMING BIRD.

17

This species is very rare, and inhabits Guatemala.
I consider it as valid.

PHÆTORNIS GOUNELLEI, N.SP.

MWale.—Yead, dark brown; back, bronze green;
central rectrices, rather long, bronze green tipped
with white; under surface throat and breast, pale
buff with black line in the middle of the chin;
abdomen, grey; flanks, rufous; all the feathers of
the tail, bronze green, black and white in about the
same proportions ; wings, purple brown; bill, black,
curved. Total length, 44 inches: wing, 2 inches;
bill, r inch; tail, 2 inches.

This pretty species resembles somewhat Phetornis
pretret, for which I took it at first; but after a
careful examination, I saw it was quite distinct, and
it only resembles that species by the colouring and
the form of its tail, which also resembles that of
Phaetornis pretret at first sight; but they also differ
greatly, all of them being rounded. In fact a new
genus could be made with that bird, forming the
passage from Phetornis to Pygmornis.

I have a great pleasure in dedicating this fine
species to Monsieur Gounelle, of Paris, the well-
known. collector of ÆZppocephalus, who discovered it
in Brazilia in the year 1887. He only found this
unique specimen. Among others, he also collected
specimens of the true 7%alurania eriphile and
Hylocharis lactea.

PHÆTHORNIS COLUMBIANUS, N.SP.

Head brownish black, tipped with buff; back
bronzy green, edged with buff ; upper tail coverts red-
buff ; line behind the eye and middle of chin white ;
sides of chin dark rufous, nearly black; breast and
flanks buff, very accentuated on flanks; abdomen
white; under tail-coverts, buff; rectrices bronze-
green at base, black under, tipped and bordered with
buff ; upper mandibles black ; lower mandibles flesh
colour to the middle, the rest black; wings purplish
brown.

Total length, 5? inches ; bill 14; wing 24; tail 23.

Habitat Columbia.

This new species is allied to P. syrmatophorus and
finds its proper place between this species and P. auto-
philus. It came in the same lot of birds with
Threnetes cervinicauda.

PHÆTHORNIS GUIANENSIS,. N.SP.

Upper surface, golden, with purple reflections, each
feather bordered with black; wings, purple-brown ;
rectrices, black, tipped with white ; line behind the
eyes of chin and entire under surface, pale buff ; lores,
black ; centre of chin, white; under tail-coverts, whitish
grey, with the centre slightly buff; rectrices, bronze-
grey for the two-thirds of its length, then purple-black,
edged with pale buff ; upper mandible, black ; lower
mandible, flesh colour, with black tip.

Total length, 64 inches; wing, 24; tail, 3 inches;
bill ré.

Habitat Demerara.

I have also one specimen of Trinidad exactly alike,
but a little smaller, and seems to be a male or a young
female. It must be placed near longirostris.

18 THE HUMMING BIRD.

PHAETHORNIS WHITELYI, N.SP.

Male.— Upper surface bronze green, with yellow
reflections ; central rectrices of same colour to about
two'thirds of its length ; then white ; wings, purple ; the
entire under surface, rufous grey ; tail, bronze-green,
slightly tipped and edged with rufous grey ; bill, black ;
lower mandible, flesh colour, with black tip.
ks, Total length, 54 inches; wing, 24; tail, 24; cul-
MEN RES

Habitat, Roraima, B. Guiana.

This species is closely allied to P. bourcieri ; but it
is easily distinguishable from that species by the colour
of the back and also by the colour of the under sur-
face, which is white in P. bourcieri.

I have two specimens sent to me by Mr. Whitely
as P. bourcieri.

I have great pleasure in dedicating this new species
to Mr. Whitely, junior, its discoverer.

APHANTOCHROA ALEXANDRI, N.SP.

Upper surface, dark green, more brilliant on the

rump; forehead, shiny metallic-green; upper tail

coverts, metallic green ; central rectrices, bronze-green ; _

under surface, shining green with golden reflections,
especially on the flanks ; middle of the abdomen, dirty
white; under tail coverts, bronze green, edged with
buff ; wings, purple-brown ; tail, purple, tipped with
buff; bill, black; under mandible, flesh-colour,
with black tip ; spot under and above eye, pale buff.

Total length, 4 inches ; wing, 24; bill, 1; tail. 13.

Habitat : Demarara, B. Guinea.

I have dedicated this species to Mr. Alexander, of
New York, who dtscovered it in 1878.

FLORISUGA SALLEI, N.SP.

Head and neck, dark shiny green, passing to bronze
on nape of neck ; white band on neck ; rest of upper
part, including tail-coverts, golden-bronze; central
rectrices, white, with large spot bronzy green at tip
and narrow external margin of same colour ; chin and
breast of metallic-green, with blue reflections ; sides of
flanks and part of abdomen golden bronze ; rest of
under parts, including tail-coverts, pure white; tail
white, with purple tip, very slightly marked ; wings,
purple-black ; bill, black.

Tctal length, 44 inches ; wing, 24; bill, 1; tail, 14.

Collected by me in South Mexico.

I hane a great pleasure in dedicating this beautiful
species, the second known of the Genus, to my inti-
mate friend, Mr. Auguste Sallé, the well-known
Mexican explorer.

EUSTEPHANUS BURTONI, N.SP.

Entire head magnificent metallic gold ; upper sur-
face, including wing coverts, dark green ; tail, bronze-
green; under surface, white spotted green; flanks, dark-
green, as back; under tail-coverts, white, edged with buff.

Total length, 44 inches ; wing. 24; tail, 15 ; bill, 3.

Habitat : Chili.

This species is very much allied to E. galeritus,
but easily distinguishable by the splendid golden
colour of the head and the general colour ot the upper
surface and flanks, which are bronzy-green in E.
galeritus and dark green in E. burtoni.

I dedicate this magnificent new species, the fourth
of the Genus, to Mr. Walter Burton, of London, who
had the kindness to dispose of it in my favour.

To be continued,

[arch 1, 1891

SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY.

Notes on the Genus Pharomacrus or
Resplendent Trogon.
»By A. BOUCARD.

(Continued from page 7.)

Pharomacrus Mocina, Var costaricensis. Boucard.

female.—As the preceding species, but a trifle
smaller in general size.

Pharomacrus antisianus @ Orbigny, Mag zool, 1837.

Jupite viridi, semi cristato ; rectricibus tribus externis
utrinque albis.

Male.—Head, throat, chest, all the upper surface
of the body, wing and tail coverts, deep bronzy
green, the green hue prevailing on the lower part of
the back: wings, black; under surface of the body
and under tail-coverts, deep blood-red ; thighs blaek
four centre tail feathers black; the three outer ones
black at the base and white for the remainder of their
length with black shafts ; bill, bright yellow.

Total length, 134 inches; bill, 1; wings, 74;
tail, 74.

Female,—Head and chest brown, the latter marked
with green; wing-coverts and back, reddish green ;
upper tail coverts, golden green; wings, black ;
primaries, brownish black, margined with buff,
lower part of the abdomen and under tail coverts,
light blood-red ; tail, black ; the three outer feathers
on each side toothed on their outer webs and nar-
rowly tipped with greyish-white.

Trogon antisianus Wd’ Orb, 1837.

, antisiensis a’ Orb.

Calurus pulchellus Gould.
peruvianus Gould.
antisianus, Gray and Mitch.

5 pulchellus Bonap.

Habitat, Peru to Columbia.

29

29

Pharomacrus fulgidus. Gould, Trog., pl., 24.
Shining Train Bearer.

Mas.—Capite aureo-viridi; rectricibus tribus ex-
ternis utrinque ad basin nigris per partem apicalem
dimidiam albis.

Male.—Face and head, golden bronze; chest,
wing-coverts, upper surface of body and upper tail
coverts, deep golden green ; wings, jet black ; tail,
black ; the apical portion of the three outer feathers
on each side, white, with black shafts ; under surface
very deep blood-red ; thighs, black ; bill, rich yellow.

lt ecmale.—Head, dark brown ; chest, brown, washed
with green on its upper portion ; wing-coverts and
back, reddish or bronzy-green; upper tail coverts,
golden green; wings, black; primaries, blackish
brown, margined with buff; lower part of the abdomen
and under tail coverts, light blood-red ; tail, black ;
the three lateral feathers on each side toothed on
their external webs and narrowly tipped with greyish
white.

March x, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD.

19

Em eee

Trogon fulgidus Gould, Calurus fulgidus Gray & Mitch.

Habitat Venezuela and Colombia.

Pharomacrus auriceps Gould Trog pl. 25.
= 5 Gr. & Mitch Gen. of Bird.
Golden Headed Train Bearer.

Mas :—Capite splendide aureo-viridi ; rostro flavo,
cauda in toto nigra.

Male.—The whole of the head, throat, cheeks, and
back of the neck goldy-bronze ; chest, all the upper
surface, wing and tail coverts rich golden green ; wings
and tail jet black; breast, abdomen and under-tail
_ coverts of the deepest blood-red inclining to crimson ;
feathers clothing the tarsi, black ; brill, yellow; feet,
reddish brown.

Total length 154 inches ; bill 14 inches; wing 8
inches ; tail 8 inches.

Female.—¥ace, chin and head chocolate-brown ;
chest, upper surface, wing and tail coverts, golden
green ; wings, brownish black; primaries margined
with buff; across the breast a band of brown;
abdomen and under tail coverts, blood-red ; tail, black ;
the three outer feathers toothed on their outer webs
and slightly tipped with white; bill, blackish-brown ;

Trogon (Colurus) auriceps Gould,
Calurus auriceps. Gray & Mitch.
Habitat Colombia.

Pharomacrus auriceps. Var xanthogaster Turati &

Salvadori.

Male.—Exactly the same as auriceps; but with
yellow chest and abdomen instead of red.

The only two specimens known are the type in
Turati Collection, now in the Museum at Milan, the
other in Count Berlepsch Collection. They were
received by me in two large consignments of Pharo-
macrus from Bogota (Colombia). I am quite certain
that it is only an accidental yellow variety of P.
auriceps; nevertheless it is exceedingly rare and
very interesting. These were the only two specimens
seen amongst several thousand skins which have
passed in my hands.

Habitat, Neighbourhoods of Bogota (Columbia).

Pharomacrus pavoninus Spix.
Red-billed Train Bearer

Mas.—Rostro ad basin miniaceo und apicem
flaveo ; cauda nigra.

Male.—Head and breast glossy green in some
specimens, rich golden-green in others ; wings and the
whole of the upper surface, rich glossy green ; upper
tail coverts, green, the two centre ones reaching to the
_ the end of the tail, but rarely exceeding it ; wings
and tail, black; breast and under-tail coverts, rich
scarlet ; feathers of the thighs and tarsi, black with
green reflections ; irides, dark red inclining to car-
mine; feet, ochre yellow; bill, carmine at the base
and yellow at the tip.

Female—Head, throat, and chest, dark greyish
brown tinged with green ; upper part of the abdomen,
dark greyish-brown ; the lower part and the under-
tail coverts, deep scarlet ; feathers of the thigh and
tarsi, black with green reflections ; shoulders and the

whole of the upper surface, including the upper-tail
coverts, which? nearly reach to the end of the tail,
rich green; wings, brownish-black, with the outer
edges of the feathers, buff; tail feathers, black, the
two outer on‘each side obscurely rayed with greyish-
white ; upper mandible, dark brown; under man-
dible, dusky carmine, becoming brown at the point ;
irides, brown.

Trogon pavoninus, Spix.
ah = Gould, P 2S, 1833.
Calurus pavoninus Sw.
pe 55 Gray Genera of Birds.
6 ss Bonaparte Comp Avium.
Tanypeplus pavoninus Cab and Heine.
Pharomacrus pavoninus Sclat and Salv, 1867.
These last descriptions were taken from the mag-
nificent work on the Trogons, Monograph of th:

Troyonide, Gould, Second Fdition. They agree
exactly with the specimens in my collection.
Ace be
Second International Ornithological
Congress.

I have just received a personal invitation to the
Second Ornithological Congress, to be held at Buda-
pest, on the 17th of May next.

This Congress is under the patronage of
Count Bethlen, Minister of Agriculture, President.
Emeric de Szalay, Ministerial Councillor, Vice

President.
Charles Kamermayer, Burgomaster, Vice President.
Dr. Geza Entz, Professor to Polytechnical School,
Vice President.
Etienne de Chernel, General Secretary.

The Scientific Committee has for its President,
Otto Herman, Esq., Deputy, and Dr. Jules de
Madarasz as Secrectary.

Persons wishing to take part in the Congress are
requested to arrive not later than the 16th of May.

From the 16th of May, names of Members can be
registered and detailed programmes can be had at
the Hungarian Committee, National Museum, before
and after twelve every day.

EXTRACT OF PROGRAMME:
17th May, Solemn Opening of Congress and
Exhibition.

18th May, Formation ot Sections and Committees.

Toth ,, Working of Sections and Committees.

zoth ,, Solemn Meeting of Closing.
From the 21st May, Excursions.

SECTIONS.

III. Anatomy. V. Oology.
IV. Avigeography. VI. Migration.
VII. Economic Ornithology

Dissertations with exact indication of Title and
Section, must be declared not later than the 3oth of
April, to Budapest, National Museum.

I. Systematic
II. Biologia

26 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[March 1, 1891

SCIENCE AND ART.
The McKinley Bill.

The notice on the McKinley Bill, printed in No. 1
of THE HUMMING BiRD, has attracted a good deal of
attention in America, and many letters about it have
been received at the office of the Journal. Among
them is one which I consider of great interest to the
readers of THE HUMMING Birp. Here it is: —

“New Britain, Conn.,
“Jan. oth, 1891.
“ Editor of THE HUMMING BirD.

“DEAR S1R,—I have this day received a specimen
copy of your bright little paper. I note with regret
the article on ‘The McKinley Bill.’ Your corres-
pondent is very evidently misinformed when he states
that the United States charge custom duties on ob-
jects of science and art. I would call attention to the
text of the McKinley Bill: ‘Free List’ under the
letten S:

«Specimens of natural history, botany and
mineralogy when imported for cabinets or -as objects
of science, and not for sale.’

“Again the ‘Free List’: ‘Philosophical and
scientific apparatus’; ;.. statuary, casts... .
paintings, drawings and etchings... . for the use

of any society or institution . . . . for scientific or
literary purposes, or for the encouragement of the fine
arts, and of intended for sale.’

“In the list of dutiable objects,
Manufactures’ under letter ‘P’:

‘€ Paintings in oil or water-colours and statuary not
otherwise provided for in this Act, ad valorem 15 per
cent.’

‘“ Under the old tariff law, the duty was 30 per
cent. We see that the McKinley Bill has actually
reduced the duty on works of art for mercantile pur-
poses, admits them free for truly artistic purposes, and
also admits objects of natural history free for collec-
tions and other than mercantile purposes.

“Nearly all the objections raised against the
McKinley tariff laws arise from unfamiliarity with the
text of the Bill.

“Trusting you will place this matter in a proper
light with your many readers,

‘“ I remain, yours,
“FE. M. HULBERT,
“ New Britain, Conn.,
WES wot Ne AZ

I am very glad to hear from the honourable corres-
pondent just cited that objects of natural history and
works of art will be admitted free for truly scientific
and artistic purposes ; but I maintain that this is not
enough. All objects of Natural History and works of
art ought to be free everywhere, and these distinctions
between objects for cabinets of science aud not for
sale, will be a source of vexations all along to all
parties concerned. How will it be known that the
objects sent to America are for scientific cabinets
only, or for the trade? It would be much better that
it should be altogether free as in England, France,
Germany, &c,

© Miscellaneous

Tur EDITOR.

The Panama Canal.
Continued from page 12.

Supposing that Columbia should actin the way I
have suggested in my preceding notice, it would be
only just that a committee composed of eminent
Colombians should have a control over the ex-
penditure made until tne termination of the Canal,
and I don’t think that a serious and honest company
would object to it.

Help could also come from Europe, principally

‘from Z/aly and Spain, which countries are preparing

to celebrate in a sumptuous manner the four hun-
dredth anniversary of the discovery of America by
Christopher Columbus.

What could be more appropriate for the celebra-
tion of sucha remarkable event in the history of the
world, than a general subscription of all the inhabi-
tants, rich and poor, of these two countries, to be
handed to the company for the termination of the
Colombus Canal.

I have no doubt that if such a general subscription
was started by Italy and Spain, all the other countries
would unite in the same grand idea, and very likely
enough money could be raised for the completion of
this wonderful work ; especially if the Press of all
countries was willing to help, and there are no
reasons to have any doubt about it.

Then it could be called truly an INTERNATIONAL
Work, and every subscriber could be proud of having
contributed to it.

But if this is to be done, there is no time to lose,
and the sooner steps are taken by //a/y and Spazn the
better it will be ; as work must be resumed as soon as
possible in the Isthmus, or else the expenses will get
beyond the estimates made by the Committee of
Engineers sent last year in Panama.

I will call to the attention of the Special Com-
missions appointed in Italy, Spain, Buenos Ayres,
&c., &c., all what precedes, in the hope that they will
include in their programme of the celebration of the
anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher
Columbus, the subscription mentioned above.

Some days ago I received from France the follow-
ing circular which I consider of interest to the bond-
holders.

It is directed by the President of the Paris Central
Committee of the Panama Share and Bondholders to
the Presidents of the Departmental Committees of
France. Here it is :—

Comité Central des Actionnaires et Obliga-
taires de la Compagnie de Panama, 39,
rue Taitbout, 39.

| Paris, le 12 janvier 1891.
Monsieur le président,
Je vous prie de vouloir bien donner communication

à votre comité du projet d'achèvement dont je vous

soumets aujourd’hui, d’une façon sommaire, les bases

générales, me réservant de compléter, dans le plus
bref délai possible, par de nouvelles explications,
celles qui vous sont adressées dans cette circulaire,

March x, 1801]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 21

Après un travail de sept mois consacré à l'étude de
ce projet, j'ai la satisfaction de vous annoncer que
nous avons obtenu, d’une part, l’appui du gouverne-
ment, et, de l’autre, l’approbation de la Liquidation.

Voici en quelques mots les considérations qui nous
ont guidés dans l'élaboration de ce projet.

Soucieux de sauvegarder les intérêts des porteurs
de titres, dont nous sommes les représentants et les
défenseurs, nous nous sommes préoccupés avant tout
de trouver une combinaison qui laissat intacts, dans
toute la mesure du possible, leurs droits dans les pro-
_duits du canal une fois achevé. Pour atteindre ce
résultat, il fallait que le capital ptt, pour ainsi dire, se
rémunérer lui-même sans grever les produits ultérieurs
du transit.

En second lieu, on ne pouvait s'arrêter à l’idée de
demander directement aux anciens porteurs de nou-
veaux sacrifices; la plupart d’entre eux n'auraient
vraisemblablement pas répondu à cet appel. Enfin,
on ne pouvait pas davantage songer à s’adresser à la
généralité du public, sans lui offrir des advantages
immédiats et un attrait supérieur à tous ceux qui ont
pu le solliciter jusqu’à ce jour.

C’est ce résultat que nous avons obtenu.

Nous inspirant d’un système financier qui, dans un
court espace de temps, a permis d’exécuter en Louisiane
plus de 600 millions de travaux publics, en offrant
aux souscripteurs l’espoir d’un gain immédiat et con
sidérable par une combinaison de loteries successives,
nous avons pensé que le même système pourrait être
appliqué en France, et avec un succès au moins égal,
en considérant l'importance des intérêts engagés dans
l’entreprise du Panama, et en tenant compte des res-
sources financières presque inépuisables de notre pays,
ressources dont nous avons eu maintes fois des preuves
si éclatantes.

Nous nous sommes donc arrêtés au principe d’une
succession de loteries annuelles, de cent millions
chacune, et comportant chacune vingt millions de
lots ainsi répartis.

Un lot de cing millions ;

Deux lots de un million ;

Six lots de cinq cent mille francs ;
Cent lots de cent mille francs.

Le résultat net de chacune de ces opérations, dé-
falcation faite du montant des lots et des frais
d'émission, sera affecté au payement des travaux au
fur et à mesure de leur exécution et jusqu’à leur
parfait achèvement.

En souscrivant, ou en faisant souscrire à ces loteries,
suivant ses ressources ou ses moyens d'action,
chacun des anciens porteurs saura qu'il contribue
ainsi à l'achèvement du canal quirestera sa propriété.
En même temps, sil est favorisé par le sort,
il courra la chance de gagner des lots d’une impor-
tanceexceptionnelle et telle qu'aucune loterieau monde
n’en a encore jamais offert l'équivalent à aucun
public.

Ceux qui, au contraire, n'auront pas été favorisés
par le sort auront tout au moins obtenu ce résultat
considérable d'assurer l’achèvement du canal et de
reconstituer ainsi. à leur seul profit, la fortune qu'ils
ont aujourd’hui perdue.

C’est ce qui nous permet de vous dire, Monsieur
le Président, qu'il n'y a pas, pour achever Panama,
d'autre combinaison que la nôtre.

En effet, ce qui a empêché jusqu'ici et ce qui
empêcherait certainement encore tout autre com-
binaison financière, c’est la nécessité de faire une
nouvelle série d'appels à l'épargne publique, sous
forme d'actions et d'obligations qu’il faudrait encore
rémunérer par un service d'intérêt des plus onéreux.
Et chacun sait que dans une affaire qu'il s’agit
de relever, les derniers venus imposent toujours à
leurs prédécesseurs des conditions qui, sous quelque
forme qu’on les déguise, n’en constituent pas moins
une surcharge écrasante pour l’ancien capital.

Au contraire, le caractère vraiment unique de
notre combinaison, caractère qui suffit à démon-
trer sa supériorité sur tout autre système financier,
c'est que sa réalisation est assurée sans qu’il soit
nécessaire de demander le moindre sacrifice aux
anciens porteurs de titres, et qu’en outre son résultat
final sera de restituer à ces porteurs de titres
l'intégralité de leur capital primitif. L’argent fourni
par les loteries offre, en effet, sur tout autre cet
avantage inappréciable d’être donné une fois pour
toutes et de ne comporter ni intérêt ni remboursement.

Ce système, d’une simplicité et d’une efficacité
démontrées par l’exemple de la Louisiane qui, nous le
répétons, en a retiré une somme de six cents millions,
réussira en France comme il a réussi dans un simple
Etat de l'Amérique du Nord. Nous en avons pour
garants les puissants concours qui nous sont acquis
pour sa mise en œuvre et son fonctionnement.

Nous nous sommes d’abord assuré l'appui du
gouvernement, qui demandera aux Chambres en
notre nom, l'autorisation nécessaire pour une opération
financière de cette nature. En second lieu, nous
avons garanti d'avance, par le groupement et la colla-
boration de nos premières maisons de crédit, le service
régulier de nos loteries.

Le détail de ces opérations fera l’objet d’une cir-
culaire qui vous sera très prochainement adressée et
dont la présente lettre ne fait que résumer les traits
principaux.

Si nous avons cru devoir, monsieur le président,
vous adresser ces explications préliminaires, c’est que
nous avons tenu à bien établir, dans notre intérêt
commun, que ce projet, dont nous nous occupons
depuis plus de sept mois, au mon du comité central
et des comités régionaux, est notre propriété exclusive,
et que nous avons à la fois le droit et le devoir de le
revendiquer hautement en notre nom collectif.

Cette idée que nous émettons aujourd’hui, main-
tenant que nous l'avons entourée de toutes les
garanties qui vont lui assurer le succès, nous appar-
tient en propre, et j'entends, dans notre intérêt
commun, qu’étant le fruit du travail élaboré par le
mandataire des comités régionaux de France, elle reste
la propriété de ces derniers, dont les pouvoirs ont été
dévolus à cet effet au comité central et à son président.

Enfin, monsieur le président, je vous informe en
même temps que, se ralliant aux conclusions de la
commission d’études, qui a posé les bases du projet
d’achévement et fait dans son rapport les évaluations
des travaux, la nouvelle Compagnie s’assurera des

| contrats à forfait, offrant les garanties les plus sérieuses.

22

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[ March 1, 1891

Dans le choix des personnes chargées de cette
mission, il faut à tout prix, et sous peine d’un échec
certain auprès de l’opinion publique, éviter de retomber
dans les errements du passé.

Il est nécessaire de bien montrer aux malheureuses
victimes d’une catastrophe sans précédent que les
noms compromis dans les fautes de l’ancienne ad-
ministration ne pourraient en aucun cas se retrouver à
la tête de l’entreprise nouvelle. Pour fermer de suite
la porte à des compétitions dangereuses, et dont nous
ne voulons à aucun prix, il est indispensable de bien
établir ce ‘principe de l'exclusion formelle de toute
personnalité ayant contribué, à un titre quelconque,
au lamentable résultat de la première entreprise. C’est
ce principe qui fait la base de nos négociations pour
nous assurer des concours d’une valeur et d’une hon-
nêteté éprouvées, négociations dont nous sommes
heureux de pouvoir vous garantir d'avance le succès.

Je borne là, pour aujourd’hui, monsieur le président,
ces explications préliminaires qui seront complétées
dans quelques jours ; et je vous prie de vouloir bien
me répondre immédiatement, au nom de voire comité,
que vous vous ralliez à la combinaison élaborée par le
comité central et par son président, tant en leur nom
qu’au nom des comités régionaux de France.

Si sommaires que soient les explications qui pré-
cèdent, vous en dégagerez aisément la ligne de con-
duite qui nous est imposée par les circonstances et dans
laquelle je ne saurais trop vous engager à entrer
immédiatement.

C’est du Parlement, auquel le gouvernement va sou-
mettre notre projet, que va dépendre, dans quelques
jours, la réalisation de nos légitimes espérances. C’est
donc aux membres du Parlement, c’est-à-dire aux
sénateurs et députés de votre région, que vous devrez
faire connaître votre désir formel de voir aboutir une
combinaison qui peut seule sauver notre fortune com-
promise, et qui ne peut se réaliser sans la sanction
préalable de leur vote. Vous recevrez dans la huitaine
la formule de la requête que, d’accord avec nous, vous
devrez adresser aux représentants de votre départe-
ment.

Cette manifestation d’un désir unanime sera, aux
yeux du Parlement, la démonstration de cette vérité
que les comités régionaux de Panama représentent en
cette circonstance l’épargne française dans sa géné-
ralité la plus réelle et la plus large, et que c’est bien une
question d'intérêt national, dans le véritable et plein
sens du mot, qui est ici en jeu.

Ce n’est donc pas à une société financière quel-
conque que le gouvernement sera appelé à concéder
la faveur d’une mesure exceptionnelle, mais au pays
lui-même, qui a fourni les quatorze cents millions
actuellement engloutis dans l'affaire de Panama, et qui
lui demande aujourd’hui, par votre voix, de l'aider a
reconquérir cette énorme partie de la fortune publique.

Tel est, monsieur le président, votre rôle et celui de
votre Comité. Telle est la tâche urgente à laquelle
je vous convie, car elle constitue la première et la plus
indispensable phase d’une action pour la suite de
laquelle nous comptons sur votre actif dévouement et
dont une très prochaine circulaire vous apportera in-
cessamment le programme complet,

——<———_ =

Recevez, monsieur le président, assurance de ma
considération la plus distinguée.

Le président du Comité central des action-
natres et obligataires de Panama.
HENNET DE GOUTEL.

Although myself and friends possess large quan-
tities of shares and bonds, we had never heard before
of the said Central Committee and branches.

I am very glad that it exists, and will take the
liberty to call the attention of the members to the
two preceding notices on the Canal, published in ‘THE
HUMMING BIRD, parts 1 and 2.

This idea of a lottery seems to me a very good
one if the authorisation of the French Government
can be had, which is rather doubtful; but I think
that my idea of a general subscription all over the
world, especially in Europe, America, Australia, and
Japan, which countries are more or less interested in
the Canal, has more chance to succeed, if it is
properly submitted to the public.

If necessary, a printed receipt of the sums sub-
scribed could be given to each subscriber from one
franc upwards, to be repaid with a large bonus by
public drawings from the benefits, after payment of
dividends to the bondholders and to the shareholders,
not exceeding ten per cent for the last. For instance,
five francs for each franc subscribed.

In that way all subscribers would have, not
only the pleasure to co-operate to one of the most
extraordinary works of the nineteenth century, but
would receive in a certain time four hundred per
cent profit on their original subscription.

This would be philanthropic and profitable
business combined together. If these combinations
don’t succeed there are still some other ways of saving
the Canal, and one of them will make the subject of
another chapter.

To be continued.

Answers to Correspondents.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co., in answer to the
numerous letters received from the Continent and
from America offering Objects of Natural History for
sale, remind their Correspondents that their establish-
ment is a Naturalist’s Agency, started with the special
purpose of serving as intermediary between the
collectors and the amateurs. They will be glad to
recelve in commission all sorts of Objects of Natural
History, and will do their utmost to give entire satis-
faction to both parties concerned. Rare Objects,
either in Curios, Paintings, Works of Art, Natural
History in general, sent in commission will be adver-
tised free of charge in the journal.

Lists of desiderata for rare specimens of Natural
History, Works of Art, Curios, etc., will also be in-
serted free of charge.

All communications should be addressed —

NATURALIST’S AGENCY,
225, HicH HoLBorn, Lonpon, W.C.

Obituary.—Mr. Edmond André, the well-known
Hymenopterist of Beaune, (Côte d’Or, France), died at
the end of January ; his Species on the Hymenopteræ
of Europe and Algeria is one of the best works on
these insects, He leaves a widow and five children,

March 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 23

An Easy Way of Making One Hundred
Pounds Sterling a Year.
BIRDS AND MAMMALS.

By Mr. Walter Burton.

—_—e—_____

In collecting birds, mammals, &c., the first neces-
sary is the gun and its appurtenances, I need not
say that it is advisable to purchase these of good
quality. I have collected in North Western Australia
with a very simple breech-loading walking-stick gun,
by Cogswell & Harrison, 410 bore, with paper shells ;
but shou!d recommend solid-drawn brass rifle shells,
which can be reloaded many times. For humming
birds a friend of mine has used a ‘380 bore “ Excel ”
gun, purchased in New York, of American make,
which he found very useful for the purpose, using
solid-drawn rifle shells. A 12 bore breech-loading
double-barrelled gun, with shells loaded with large
and small shot, is the most useful for all-round work,
when, if you are after large birds and a small bird
turns up, you can perhaps bag it without doing too
much harm to its plumage. As for powder, get the
best that can be procured in the district in which the
collecting is being done. I may mention that Curtis
and Harvey’s black is the most reliable in my estima:
tion, if it can be got. This I had to pay 5s. per Ib.
for in Derby, N.W. Australia ; but in Sydney for 3s.
or 3s. 6d. Be very careful to keep the caps for re-
capping the shells, in well closed boxes; a tightly
corked bottle in a wooden case is a good way of
carrying them, so as to keep the air and damp from
them as effectually as possible ; even an immersion in
water will do no damage to them. I am rather a
believer in shot of small size, as a rule, one gets
pretty close to the bird before one sees it. For wads,
a thick felt one over the powder and a thin card-
board one over the shot is all that is required, unless
a great quantity is loaded at one time, when a thin
greaseproof wad between the powder and _ thick wad
can be used to prevent the grease from the thick wad
soaking into and caking the powder, which reduces
its strength and fouls the barrel of the gun. In hot
climates it is absolutely necessary to clean the inside
of the barrels every evening, as the residue left of the
powder dries hard, and it requires a tight fitting piece
of tow wrapped around the cleaning rod to dislodge
it; vaseline is the very best cleanser and lubricant, a
pound tin goes a long way, and, moreover, it is useful
in a number of instances in camping out, for softening
leather straps, saddles, boots, abrasions of the skin,
etc. Particular attention should also be paid to the
break-off, the extreme breech of the barrels and the
face of the breech piece where the strikers come
through, to see that it is well lubricated and free from
dirt and grit, as it is important that these parts should
fit well. The tools for reloading the shells are a de-
and re-capper, a graduated powder and shot measure,
a short wad rammer and a resizer, a piece of steel
with a hole the size of the shell to drive the empty
shells through to the flange in case they should
bulge. This is necessary in the case of paper shells
as they expand more readily than the brass.

A strong cleaning-rod should be taken, one
nearly the size of the bore, by which less tow

is required, it is much firmer to grasp and not easily
broken. In the manner of carrying the gun there
are so many ways, one’s experience will tell the best
and handiest ways of carrying with the least fatigue.
If there are two guns to carry, a sling over the
shoulder can be used for one, the other carried ready
in the hand. With a pack-horse do not put the gun
in the pack in case the horse should knock against a
tree or rock or the pack be dislodged, when, perhaps,
some irreparable damage may be done. In riding on
horseback the butt should be rested on the thigh, the
barrels pointing upward, or laid across the saddle in
front in open country; if travelling by waggon, the
spare guns should be placed in their respective cases,
and the one to be used carried in the hand. Do not
rest a gun upright against a tree in the forest or lay
it on the ground, as it is so easy to overlook it, and
perhaps lose a lot of time hunting after it ; lay it on
top of a dead bush, or, if convenient, across the
trunk of a tree, as it is then more easily seen than
when standing upright. If travelling by canoe, spare
guns should be packed away in the driest place; the
one in use laid so that it will not fall down or be
trodden upon. In a permanent camp, or one in
which a long stay is made, some natural forks of
branches can be stuck in the ground inside the tent
in which to lay them like a gun-rack, or two straight
sticks with loops tied at intervals.

To be a good shot the principal things are plenty
of practice and a liking for shooting. As a rule
collectors are not good shots in a sporting sense, for
if a collector sees a good bird sitting he will shoot it
without risking the chance of losing it by making it
fly, and in forests very few flying shots are to be had,
and powder and shot are not to be recklessly thrown
away ; still some little skill with the gun and rifle
is very useful in an emergency. I have found
sometimes a great difficulty in finding the birds I
have shot which have dropped into the grass or
undergrowth, the colours of the birds in many
instances assimilating with those of the vegetation
among which it has fallen. If you have a dead bird
lay it on the place where the other was seen to fall
and so accustom the eye to the look of the bird in
that situation, this I have found a great help. I have
also found it awkward to carry the birds after they are
shot, to keep them clean and in good condition, the
best way I know of for small birds is to pass a needle
with thread through the nostrils, tie the thread into a
loop and pass a short stick through the loop and
carry them in the hand: large birds may be carried
in the hand by the legs ; as soon as the bird is shot a
little cotton-wool should be thrust into the throat to
prevent any saliva running from out the bill, notes
should now be taken of the colours of the soft parts
such as the eyes, cere, bill, legs, feet, toes, claws and
any bare skin as a help to the mounter who eventually
stuffs the birds as well as the naturalists who describe
them. A small note book can be conveniently carried
in a pouch fastened to the belt; these notes can be
copied out in the evening after work, with anything of
interest observed of the birds, habits, etc., in this
manner :—

No. 1.
of soft parts.

Name of bird. Sex. Colours
Remarks. Locality.

(To be continued.)

Length.
Date.

24 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[ March 1, 1891

Report on the two last Public Sales of
Natural History Specimens at Stevens’.

In November Sale, lot 90, Ovaithoptera durvillana
realized £2 2 0; lot 109, Morpho centralis, fetched
16s; Morpho Alexandrowna 248; Morpho Achhillides
16s.; lot 119, Morpho sp. sold at 155.; lot 66, a
splendid series of Carabus from Chili realized £12.
It was bought by Messrs Boucard, Potter & Co. Lot
220, Moths from China 30s. ; lots 283 to 286 inclusive,
a small collection of birds from Gaboon was bought
by Messrs. Boucard, Potter & Co. for 47s.

In January Sale some very rare species of Butter-
flies were offered, and a very good collection of
Cetonidae which sold at very fair prices.

Goliathus abbosignatus, Kirby, was knocked down
dE Mo lots 2nCetonidaes including
D. wallichi; bowringi bertoloni, nireus, moryani,
deriana, homimant and others 4os.; all the other
lots of Cetonidae were sold from 7s. to 355. each;
lot 100A, two very fine Owls under glass shades
realized g guineas; lot iora, one specimen of
Frilled Bustard 45s.; lot 103 A, Three Armadillos in
Case 508. ; Lot 105 a, pair of Common Pheasants with
young, in case, 2 guineas. Several lots of Golzathus
Druryt imperfect fetched 20s.and ats. ; Crnzthoptera
Durvillana 30s. ; two large collections of Darjeeling
Butterflies and Moths were knocked down at £4 Ios.
and 5 guineas; Orzithoptera priamus 14s. ; Ornithop-
tera hippolythus 15s.; several pairs of Charawxes
Dyrrhus were sold at tos. ; Charaxes euryalus £1 12 6
Stichopthalma howqua from North China 16s.; Morpho
anaxibia female, 24s.; Morpho ega female, 18s. ;
Agrias claudia female, 2 guineas; Agrias amydon male,
2 guineas ; Agrias phalcidion male. 50s. ; Ornithoptera
platent, £2 18 0; Ornithoptera ruficollis 203. ;
Morpho cisseis 3 guineas, (Boucard, Pottier & Co.);
Morpho Centralis, 125.; Morpho achillides, 155. ;
Papilio telegonus, 215. ; Papilio penelope, 225.; Papilio
blumet, 26s.; Papilio daedalus 14s. ; Papilio deiphontes,
165.; fapilio evan, 16s.; Tentopalpus imperialis
female, £1 15 0; Charaxes tmperialis, 265.; Charaxes
ameliæ, 175. ; Sphynx Moth from North-east Sumatra
fetched £3 10 0; a unique British specimen of
Cuculia abrotana taken in Devonshire fetched the
nice sum of 18s.

There was a large attendance and the competition
for some of the best lots was very keen.

Report on January and February Public
Sales of Postage Stamps.

At Mr. Thomas Bulls sale on January oth and
1oth several lots realised good prices.

Bahamas, imperf., 1d., 22s.; Canada, 124. black,
surcharged, ‘“‘Specimen,” 26s.; Ceylon, imperf.,
4d., rose 90s. New Brunswick, ts., violet, unused,
one corner of margin a little cut, 95s. Barbadoes,
provisional, 1d. on half 5s., 36s. Cape of Good
Hope, wood block, 1d.; red grand copy, 45s.; India,
4 anna, red, grand copy, 1155.

On Saturday, January 24th, Mr. W. Hadlow held
his first sale at Tottenham, the best lots realised fair
prizes. Vancouver Island, roc, blue, imperf.,
228.; Brazil, 180 R, slanting figures, 25s.; Canada,
64., purple black, perf., 30s.

= =:
margins, 16s.; ditto, 104., blue fine pair on original
paper, 255. Messrs. Boucard, Pottier and Co.

Ceylon, imperf., 8d., fine margins, gos.; ditto,
od., brown violet, 30s. Great Britain, Mulready, 2d.,
blue, with 24. blue, no lines attached, 4os.; ditto,
45 orange, 29s.; India, long rect., service postage,
2 annas, splendid copy, 24s. New South Wales, 5s.,
imperf.; fine margins, 30s. Prince Edward Isle,
2d., rose, a fine pair, unused, 30s. Queensland, 64.,
emerald green, no W’mark, thin wove paper, 55.
Tuscany, 6, crazie red, 57s. 6d. Virgin Isles, 14,
green on buff, imperf., 275. Western Australia,
6d., bronze, good copy, 215. ;

Messrs. Cheveley and Co. started their sixteenth
sale on Friday, February 13th. Below we give a few
prices. Columbia (1861), 5c. yellow, unused and
used, 10s. United States (1851), splendid pair of
5c. imperf., 18s. Victoria, beaded oval, 64., orange,
Dette Si) Cut 20S) ESP AUS ral nO sO Leenn
unused, 14s. Tasmania, 3d., red-brown, imperf.,
unused, 65s. Costa Rica, ro pesos, biack, unused,
208s. New Zealand, 44, yellow, no watermark, a
pair unused, and original gum, perf., 325. New
South Wales, 1d. and 34., 26s. British East Africa,
first issue, pair of 4 annas, used, 325. Suez Canal,
20C., used, original (guaranteed), 775. 6d.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier and Co, will be happy to
execute commissions for gentlemen who cannot
attend the sales.

Bird Skins, and Feather Sales.

There was no Feather and Bird Skin Sale this
month.

The next Sale will take place on the 6th of March.

FOR SALE.—Insects Coleoptera.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.

Cicindelidæ, including types of Oxygonia,
Boucardi Chev, Cicindela costaricensis and others,
2s. each. Carabidæ, including many types, 1s. each.
Dytiscidæ, 64. each. Staphylinidæ, 34. each.

Pselaphidæ, Gnostidæ, Paussidæ, Scydmaenidæ,
Silphidæ, Scaphididæ, Histeridæ, Nitidulidæ, Trog-
ositidæ, Rhyssodidz, Cucujidæ, Cryptophagidæ,
Derodontide, Latrididæ, Mycetophagidæ, Dermestidæ
Byrrhidæ, Parnidæ, and Heteroceridæ, 34. each.
Lucanidæ and Passalidæ, including many types, 15.
each. Copridæ, 64. each. Melolonthidæ, 64. each.
Rutelidæ, including all the types of Plusiotis,
Chrysina, Heterosternus, 25. each. Scarabæidæ, ts.
each. Cetonidæ, 1s. each. Buprestidæ, 1s. each.
Trixagidæ, Monommidæ, Eucnemide, and Elateridæ,
64. each. Cebrionidæ, Rhipidoceridz, Dascillide,
and Malacodermidæ, 34. each. Cleridæ, 64. each.
Lymexilonidæ, Cupesidæ, Ptinidæ, Bostrychidæ, and
Cioidæ, 34. eaeh. Tenebrionidæ, 34. each. Nilion- .
ide, Pythidæ, Melandryidæ, Lagrüdæ, Pedilidæ.
Anthicidæ, Pyrochroidz, Mordellidæ, and Rhipidoph-
oridæ, 34. each, Cantharidæ, 64. each. Cephaloidæ,
Oedemeridæ, and Mycteridæ, 34. each. Curculionidæ
and Scolytidæ, 34. each. Brenthidæ and Anthotribide,
6d. each. Cerambycidæ, 1s.each: Bruchidæ, 34. each.
Chrysomelidæ, 34. each. (Cassididæ, 64 each.
Languridæ and Erotylidæ, 64. each. Tritomidæ and

; ditto, 6d., green, fine | Coccinellidæ, 34. each.

March 1, 1891] THE HUMMING BIRD. Vv

BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO.

NATURALISTS AND FEATHER MERCHANTS,

225, High Holborn, London, W.C., England.
COMMISSION. EXPORTATION.

Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural
History, Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all
orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ;
Crustaceæ and Arachnide in spirit; Ethnological collections from all parts; Showy Bird Skins and
Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for

Artificial Florists ; Rare old Stamps, used and uaused ; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, etc.,
_ etc., etc.

All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottier
& Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best
prices for them.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. beg to advise Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they
undertake to stuff from a Humming Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices. Only experienced and
scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for that work, which will always be of the best class.

An inspection of their Galleries, where a large number of specimens are always on show, is solicited.

Special fabrication of Mammats and Brrps Eyes at wholesale prices which defy all competition, either
as quality or price. See special Advertisement.

New Sranps For Birps, suitable for Museums and Scientific Institutions. No one should be without
them. The appearance of the Birds on these stands is unequalled, and everyone should adopt them and
renovate the old ones. See Advertisement.

TO PLUMASSIERS AND FEATHER MERCHANTS.

Lots of PLUMES and BIRD SKINS, consigned to the Naruratist’s Acency Orrice and for sale.
ALL THE SKINS ARE OF FIRST QUALITY.

1 Lot of 12 Rifle Birds from Australia (magnificent skins) 1 lot de 12 Paradis gorge d’acier de l’Australie (peaux splen-
Price £13 4 0 dides ... he Prix 330 fr.

1 ,, ,, 12 Regent Birds (very fine Bal as 24 OF 0) | 255) 4, 12 Régents d? Australie, trés belles po seat LOOKr:
1 ,, ,, 50 Mock Regents ... 500 … £6 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50Faux Régents 200 ..- 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 60 Sterna minuta ... oe Ano eee Oe Ol Weleda OO; Sterna minuta au Seo hae LL omit
1 ,, ,, 50 Sterna various ... een wats - £4 0 01] 1 ,, ,, 50 Sternes variées ... at ae .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Fire back Pheasants" ... ee Co OM ON elena) OO Lihagines) a=. 125 fr.
1 ,, ,, 10 Red and Black Argus ... wee sop. eee (0), 200 ak ae (T0) Argus sue à ventre rouge et à à entre

TOPE. | one a nee BO ose OORin:
1 ,, ,, 6 oz. Long Osprey .. He eee SOOM Olsen. EE 6107 Avretteil iongue . ce CES Soe,
1 ,, ,, 20 skins Short Osprey, selected ue eee) 0) ele. es, 20 Peaux Avonette crosse, 1ère qualité … 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 Red Osprey, flat skins ... vi SON 0 | 20 Aigrette rouge, peaux plates ss + MONET:
1 ,, ,, 20 Long Tailed Trojans ...° .. £20 0 0/1 ,, ,, 20 Couroucous à longue queue : … 500 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 ditto from Columbia (splendid skins) . £8 0 0/1 ,, ,, 20 ditto dela Colombie, Les de ler choix

et bien preparées ... 6 00€ … 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Cock of Rock, 1st choice 280 PC Oma, Ol BRIE SRE 50 Coqs de roche, ler choix ts de soo, AKO ae.
1 ,, ,, 20 Red Paradise birds, sound skins .. £10 0 O | L ,, ,, 20 Paradis rouge, peaux rondes ... nee 25Oytrs
1 ,, ,, 100 Rollers, flat skins 500 AO ot OL OVNI 100 Rolliers, peaux plates... -- 100 fr.
een l00EKRan er Fishers bac ote SON DR ON RP eel OOM arting pécheurs, peaux plates ... +) LOOT:
1 ,, ,, 100 Sea Snipes, various, fine skins .. £4 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 1C0 Becassines Pluviers, etc., belles peaux... 100 fr.
1 ,, , 50 Sea Gulls. is Wes … £38 0 0/1 |. ,, 50 Goelands et Mouettes ane 900 ot Tourte
1 ,, ,, 2 Golden Turkey, fine skins sic … £6 0 0/1 ,, ,, 2 Dindons ocellés, belles peaux 650 Soo) LOONT,
1 ,, ,, 10 Goura Pidgeon from N. Guinea … £6 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 10 Pigeons Goura de la N. Guinée ... TOUT:
1 ,, ,, 50 Wild Pidgeons ... ras ate .. £4 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Pigeonssauvages ... 000 sod" tooo TOUT,
1 ,, ,, 20 Small Bustard ... we a . £4 0 0/1 ,, ,, 20 Petites Outardes ... 300 aes -.- LOO fr.
1 ,, ,, 25 African Red Partridge ... ae wee 0) OMIS TE; (20 Perdrix d?Atrique™... Re a coo te ET) aap
1 ,, ,, 50 Californian Quails 00d 00 … £3 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Colins dela Californie … 300 ee | YG) aa
1 ,, ,, 20 Mandarin Ducks 300 500 .. £4 0 0) 1 ,, ,, 20 Canards mandarins aoû 505 … 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Hawks, various oct ARC … £5 0 01/1 ,, ,, 50 Oiseaux de proie, divers ... He PPT
1 ,, ,, 50 Large Owls B25 ou Abo … £6 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Grandes Chouettes 500 096 150fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Owls, medium. ... ous Be . £2 0 0)1 ,, ,, 50 Chouettes moyennes ac0 a cn DOT:
1 ,, ,; 50 Scops ath a shi FE … £6 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Chouettes Scops ... nae Job 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 Barn Owls se, LS LE … £8 0 0!1 ,, ,, 20 Chouettes Effraies... pc ae S00) PROUT
1 ,, ,, 50 Parrots, various. O00 ae .. £4 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Perruches diverses.. 000 aoe eee LOObEre
1 ,, ,, 50 Grey King Fishers Ado .. £6 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Martin Pécheurs gris 500 . 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Mexican Jays, new to Plumaseiers . £8 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Geais du Mexique (nouveauté) ae: 200 fr.
1 ., ,, 25 Mexican Wood Peckers.. a … £210 O0 | L ,, ,, 25 Pics à Baguettes -... 200 ce 62 fr. 50 c.
1 ,, ,, 50 Golden Oriole ... ne) 650 .. £4 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Orioles, dorés se 200 006 eee LOOSix:
1 ,, ,, 50 Shrikes ... see ees ae -- £210 0;1 ,, ,, 50 Pie Griéches awe 630 000 62 fr. 506

vi THE HUMMING BIRD. [March 1, 1891
1 Lot of 100 Hoopooes 600 Price £6 0 O | 1 lot de 100 Huppes Do 500 … Prix 150 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Wax Wings te oe No £3) 0) 02. 4.) 00 daseurs aes ane 086 se ooo i) ITA
1 ., ,, 50 African Humming = a bon 22 OO | TL gg Soy BO Stat mm coc O06 50 fr,
1 ,, ,, 100 Blue Creepers ... aide Sete … £5 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 100 Guit guits à tête bleue wee 125 fr,
1 ,, ,, 50 Green Creepers .. 300 60a … £2 0 0]1 ,, ,, 50 Guit guits verts 5 foo a0) 1188
1 ,, ,, 50 Red Tanagers ... 000 COMMON lee, ae OOM Lancanss rouges 60 62 fr. 50 c
1 ,, ,, 100 Yellow and Black Tanagers 000 -. £4 0 0/1 ,, ,, 100 Tangaras noirs et jaunes soo. UO) sae”
1 ,, ,, 50 Five Coloured Tanagers 950 . £4 0 9/1 ,, ,, 50 Tangaras, quinticolor 100 fr
1 ,, ,, 100 Tanagers, various ado Le DIN ON Omer OO Tanrarasidiversi 580 50 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Mexican Starlings Hee sae … £5 0 01/1 ,, ,, 50 Etourneaux du pente aC 125 fr
1 ,, ,, 100 European Starlings ... oe .. £2 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 100 Sansonnets.. 50 fr
1 ,, ,, 25 Blue Jays... eee a Ao FU CAMION OMIS me pe ouGeais xg che ah Soo At) in
1 ,, ,, 50 Alpine Crows... Rio 080 … £4 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Corbeaux des ‘Alpes 650 BBG 100 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Metallic Starlings rs … £4 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Merles Métalliques bleus . as .. 100 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Large New Guinea Pitta sae .. £8 0 O0 | L ,, ,, 50 Grandes Bréves, de la N. Guinée .… 200 fr’
1 ,, ,, 25 Royal Fly Catchers... 000 … £09 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 25 Gobe mouches royaux c00 … 125fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Fly Catchers, various ... fe … £2 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Gobe mouches divers 555, DIT
1 ,, ,, 50 Yellow-Headed Manakins Le … £1 5 0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Manakins à tête jaune 36 fr. 25 c°
1 ,, , 50 Red and Black ditto ... 500 … £1 5 0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Manakins à tête rouge 36 fr. 25 ¢
1 ,, ;, 20 Goat Suckers . … aa one … £2 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 20 Engoulevents 50 fr’
1 ,, ,, 100 Swallows 600 500 one . £4 0 0/1 ,, ,, 100 Hirondelles LOO:
1 ,, ,, 10 Bower birds is .. £210 O | L ,, ,, 10 Oiseaux satinés 5 62 fr. 50 c°
i ,, ,, 100 Green Humming, all males 000 .. £210 O | 1 ,, ,, 100 Oiseaux mouches Verts, tous mâles 62 fr. 50 c°
1 ,, ,, 100 Amethyste Humming .. ade . £4 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 100 Clarisses et Parzudaki ... aoe .… LOO fr
1 ,, , 100 Large Humming ee tee .. £210 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 100 Grands Oiseaux mouches divers 62 fr. 50 c°
1.,, ,, 50 Ruby Topaz Humming … me .. £210 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Rubis Topazes ae ie 090 62 fr. 50 c°
1 ,, ,, 25 Long Blue Tail Humming 000 coo 2) Of EE ME ONKRineE : 125 fr’
1 ,, ,, 10 Fire Tail Humming SLA) 0 OS MN 3, L0)Saphosiou Queues de feu . 300 fr°
1 ,, ,, 50 Long Tail Humming, various... … £4 0 01/1 ,, ,, 50 Oiseaux Mouches à longue queue 100 fr’

JUST ARRIVED, DECEMBER,

1 Lot of 5 Magnificent Fire back Pheasant ; quite new
to Plumassiers (A SPLENDID Brrp) Price £8 O0 0

1 ,, ,, 25 Macaws, flat skins £4 0 0

1890.

1 ,, ,, 100 Hoopooes
1 ,, ,, 50 Indian Crows

Price £6 0 O
£7 0 O

TO ARTIFICIAL FLORISTS, JEWELLERS,

etc.

BR (Grist Ih INS aC Il Se

: Lot de 25,000 Hoplies bleues Prix 100 fr.

= GE 25, 000 Grandes Chrysoméles vertes ... 125 fr.
i 5» » 20,000 Petites haere 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 25,000 Chrysoméles violettes 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 1000 Phaneus dorés as 250 fr.
1 ,, ,, 5000 Hannetons 3 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 1000 Petits Hannetons. vert dorés 8 250 fr.
1 ,, ., 1000 Grands Buprestes vert dorés ... 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 1000 Buprestes dotés .. 100 fr.
1 ., ,, 500 Buprestes ocellés... 125 fr.
1 ,. ,, 50 Chareucons dorés ... 125 fr.
1 ,, ,, 500 Cacides ia 100 fr.
1 200 aptes di Afrique 100 fr.

1 Lot of 25,000 Blue beetles ... 0 Price £4 0 0
1 ,, ,, 25,000 Green ,, large ... aie ooo | esa). ) (0)
2 5000 oy SeaaVAlL Ras io 2 O @
Le 2 000BEurpIER 1 bogs aoe eS) 0) 0
1 ,, ,, 1000 Golden Phaneus ds coo AL) @ 0
1 ,, ,, 5000 May Bugs. … 050 ano boon Reb OO)
1 ,, ,, 1000 Golden Antichira … Bese = S10) 10) 0
1 ,, ,, 1000 Large Green Buprests 066 . £4 0 0
1, ,, 1000 Golden Buprests ie tg ogo) ees 0 (DR (D)
. 4) 5, 500 Ocellated Buprests …, Que oun ee) l) 0)
1 5, » 50 Diamond Beetles ad te cog | ce) (D 0)
1 ,, ,, 500 Brazilian Golden Cacides Ee £4 0 0
LM 500 Liana from West Africa in papers £4 0 0
JIS) Ie
OF THE

PRICED UTENSILS

NECESSARY FOR COLLECTING

REPTILES, FISHES, ee HELLS, etc.

Benzine bottle 1s. Od.
Tin box for collecting Insects, from .. 900 Goo 1s. 6d.
Bottle ... ae see eas sa Os. 3d.
Glass apes or phials, doz ces cc bot ie 1s. Od.
Digg Tee iss tes exe aes Sie 2s. 6d.
Butterfly nets, from Gao owe 500 506 1s. 6d.
Sweeping and-water, nets from SOO ore O00 2s. 6d.
Umbrella for Insects, from ... BOE aa dae 8s. Od.
- Cork in boards, per doz., from eee ne So 2s. 6d.
Pins for Insects, per thousand, from ‘ ... ans Is. 6d.
Pill boxes, per gross, from ... ee 665 530 4s. Od.
Corked boxes for Insects, from ee 55 Se 1s. 6d.
Wooden box same size D ds Ane ee Is. Od.
Boucard’s Insecticide, per oz. ne bte aie Os. 6d.
Flax, per pound 50 300 oda ou aes Os. 6d.
Cotton-wadding, per sheet 008 S00 aus 500 Os. 6d.
Nippers, from ... éco G00 ase 1s. 6d.
Fishing rods with accessory, from San 28. 6d.

Other Utensils for collecting Mammals, Birds, ete. are to be
obtained at the Naturalist’s Agency, 225, High | Holborn,
London, W. C.

BOUCARD’S INSECTICIDE POWDER

against MITES, INSECT LARVZ etc.
Wholesale and Retail.

Suecess guaranteed ——

This new Powder is of easy use, not dangerous to manipu-
late, and a good disinfectant against CHozerA morBus and all
EPIDEMIC DISEASES.

It destroys immediately all vermine, such as FuEas, Bues,
Mires, Larva or DERMESTES, etc.

Sixpence for a trial packet of one ounce. It lasts a long
time, a small quantity being necessary each time.

Trades supplied at a liberal discount.
No House ovGHT TO BH WITHOUT IT.
Once tried, always used !

COCOA BÜTTER.

Guaranteed pure.

Very useful to soften the skin, a preservative against
CHAPED Hanps and CHrLBLains and a remedy for Cuts, Burns,
etc. etc.

Sold in cakes, Sixpence and one shilling.

March 1, 1891] THE HUMMING BIRD. yu
F STAMPS STAMPS (continued).
MONTHLY LIST 0 : Pacific Steam Navigation SORT 2 tale, rose, un- ike
used ... aoe Son
i South Australia, 1859, 1s. "yellow, roul | Goë 3 6
Dans gs. d. | Straits Settlements, 1867, 12 cents. red and green, mie
fine used copy 20 eae eos Goo 00
Bahamas, 1d. lake, no wmk. ... 8 0 À à
5 A 5 Oo | Ditto, 1872, 5 cents. plum
vee sat Ilana) 2401 pink perl a mused an Des United States, 1851, 5 cents. brown, fine unused copy 50 0
lars, 1 cent. on 3 dollars, 1 cent on four dollars.. AO Pons Fos brown, perf, , with projections... - a 5
Canada, 3d. oblong, unused os 6 0 L tee ore
Gave CC Hore, 1857, fine pair of flee green 12 © | Western Australia, 1855, 1s. brown, uncut 15 0
Denmark, 1853, 16 Skill. lilac, roul, fine copys 10 0
Great Britain, set of 8 Gov. Parcels 5 0
Ditto, £1, wank. anchor, bluish paper .. 8 0 WANTED.
India, 1854, 4 annas, blue and red, uncut 2 @ ne Fa
. Madeira, 1868, 100 black and lilac 15 0 Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to
Mexico, 1867, Gothic eee 4 reals, rose on lilac, which none have been added since the last 20 years.
fine copy... oe 200 200 10 0 Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-
Ditto, 8 reals, black on brown. 80 0 | ally Colonials and old German states.
Natal, Lob, id. uae 22e copy a ‘ Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.
u ee ee Pen aie copy ee 10 0 Old unused English and Colonials.
New Zealand, 6d. brown, pelure paper co co 6 0 Old works on stamps.
Ditto, 1s. green, pelure paper ... S06 500 st We ce

ERODE of HE etc. etc.

TO BE LET

Several Splendid VILLAS, vith Beautiful Gardens,

at SAN REMO, the well known Winter Resort,

OR SOLD.

40 minutes from MONTE CARLO.

Apply at the Office of the Journal.

TO CONCHYLIOLOGISTS.

JUST ARRIVED.

A large collection of Shells from Japan which are to be sold
at very moderate prices.

Also Shells from Crntran America, N. Arrica, New GUINEA,
etc., etc.

List of these will be published in successive numbers.

FOR SALE.

100,000 Marine, Fluviatile and Land Shells, about 20,000
species (collection of Mr. Boucaro). It contains the celebrated
Saunders, Layard, Walpole, and Fritsch collections and many
others, and a very large choice of the species collected by
Messrs. Wallace, Cuming, Brewer, French, Sallé, Wallis,
Bartlett, Chesterton, Buckley, Crossley, Duboulay, Majastre,
Planos, Reed, Rebouch, Bland, Gabb, etc., etc., ete., as also all
the Shells collected by Mr. Boucard in N. “America, Mexico,
Central America, Panama, etc., etc.

TO ETHNOLOGISTS.

FOR SALE.
Twelve finely carved Arrows and 1 Bow from New Guinea
Price 20s.
African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s.

Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very
nicely carved Price 30s. each.

Pagaie from New Guinea, made of palm tree Price 30s.

Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what
‘appears to be Musicians, two large figures i in the centre and
six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is
quite unique, and no Museum in the world possesses anything
like it Price £50.

A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central
America, 1 in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, etc. from 5s.

TO ZOOLOGISTS.

JUST ARRIVED.

1 Lot of 100 Diptera from Japan Price 25s.
1 Lot of 100 Orthoptera from Japan Price 30s.
1 Lot of 100 Newroptera from Japan Price 35s.

1 Lot of 100 species of Butterflies from Japan Price 150s.
1 Lot of 200 species of Moths from Japan Price 200s.
1 Lot of 100 Coleoptera from Japan, including Damaster

fortunei and other rare species Price 50s.
1 Lot of 100 species of Shells Price 100s.
1 Lot of 100 Crustaceæ from Japan Price 100s.
1 Lot of 100 Sea Urchins from Japan Price 100s.
1 Lot of 302 Coleoptera from Morocco Price 75s.
1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Guatemala Price 100s.
1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Venezuela Price 100s.

1 Lot of 100 Moths from Venezuela Price 80s.

1 Lot of Coleoptera in spirit from Venezuela, 10 bottles
containing thousands of specimens. Price 50s.

1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from West Africa in papers, Papilio,
Charaxes, ete. Price 80s.

1 Lot of 100 Butterflies and Moths from India, many fine
species of Papilio etc. Price 100s.

1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Trinidad including a rare
species of Morpho Price 80s.

1 Lot of 100 Butterflies from Borneo, containing many rare
Papilio, etc. Price 100s.

1 Lot of 100 Coleoptera from Brazil Price 20s.

TO MUSEUMS, ETHNOLOGISTS, etc.

Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America
from 6d.
Statuettes representing the Indians of Mewico and Guatemala
from 3s.
Hats, Baskets, Mats and various Objects made with pal
leaves and various textile plants, from Central America, Mada
gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.
Samples of Tentile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal
Plants, etc. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.
Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from 1s.
Etc., etc., etc.

Vili .

THE HUMMING BIRD.

MR, ADOLPHE BOUC

| March x, 1891

ARD

NATURALIST,

Corresponding Member of the Royal Zoological Society of London, de la Commission Scientifique
du Mexique à Paris, &c., &c.

Now Ready, the Second Edition of

-

A Series of Nictorial Miagrams and Hatural Specimens,
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, ZOOLOGY, BOTANY, GEOLOGY and MINERALOGY.
Adopted by the London School Board and all the principal Colleges of England.

The Series contains 20 sheets, 18in. by 24 in., comprising 166 Diagrams of Animals and Plants,
life size, beautifully printed in colours, and 37 Natural Specimens, of Woods and Minerals, neatly
mounted on very stout cardboard, with rings for hanging on the wall.

The Set Complete, with Handbook, in a Strong Box, 32s., Varnished, 40s.

Handbook separate, Price 4s., paper; 4s. 6d., cloth.

** The usual Discount to Schools and the Trad:

SHOX SE SlAD) OUNMENZ AIP

225,

igh FHiolborn >

Londs 4, WW.C.

FOR. | SALE : ne É

TO BOOKSELLERS AND ST

Boucard. Catologus Avium, English or French preface, Syste-
matie Classification of Birds, 8s. instead of 12s.
Catalogue of Birds, published by the British Museum.
Vol. 1 to Ginclusive. The first three Volumes are out of

print. Price £10.
Hand List of Birds, Gray, published by the British Museum.
3 vol. 8vo. Price 25s.
Guide pour collecter, préparer et expédier des Collections
d'histoire naturelle. Is.
Guia para colectar, conservar y despachar Colecciones de
historia natural. Is.

Petit Atlas d’Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
les plus connus, dessinés d’aprés nature par Martinet,
Paris, 1784.

1 Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition. Contents:
Mpitre à Buffon, Tableau général du classement des Oiseaux
divisés d’après Buffon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou
Familles. 150 splendid coloured plates par Martinet. Exceed-

ingly rare. £50.

America, by John Ogilby Esq., London, 1671. Grand in folio,
675 pages, 121 splendid Engravings and Maps. £30.

Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, ete., by Don Antonio Solis,
Brusselas, 1741.

1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Engravings and Maps. Pages
1 to 9 slightly stained. £20

Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva Espana, by Ae
Bernardino de Sahagun, con notas y suplementos, por
Carlos Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in
4to., uncut. £5.

Historia de las Conquistas de Hernando Cortez, por Francisco
Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas y addiciones, por Carlos
Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. in 4to, 315 pp.

£2.

Tezcoco en los ultimos tiempos de sus antiguos Reyes.
Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos de Boturini y redac-
tados por el Lis. Mariano Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol-
16mo, 276 pages. £2.

Catecismo y Declaracion de la Doctrina Christiana en lengua
OTOMI, con un Vocabulario del mismo idioma, por el
R. P. Joaquin Lopez Yepes, Mexico, 1826. 1 Vol. in 4to,
254 pages. £4.

LONDON : Published by A. BOUCARD, at 225, High Holborn, W.C. ;

Royal Aquarium. %

Price os Guineas:

D.R. Kune Stichtelyke Rymen, by M. Mathieu, Rot-
terdam, 1688. 1 Vol. in 8vo., 680 pages. £2.
Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno Catecismo impreso

en el idioma MEXICANO, por un Sacerdote devoto de la

Madre santissima de la Luz, etc.

Puebla, 1819. 1 Vol., 67 double pages, one side in Mexican,

the other in Spanish. £2 10
Various Calendarios Mexicanos, 1830 to 1860. 2s. each.

STANDS, REW STYLE,
Wholesale Price.

No. 1 for Humming birds and Small! birds at 20s. per hundred
» 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s. a
» 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. 33
» 4 ,, Magpies up-to Crows or Small
Hawks at 32s. oP
» D >, Small Hawks to Large Hawks
and Owls at 40s. Le

ARTIFICIAL
Wholesale Price.

EY HS.

Cornered
Black Coloured Cornered & Veined
per gross _ perdoz.pairs per doz. pairs
No.1lto4 6d. 1s. 6d. No.4to6 3s. 6d. 4s. 6d.
SA oye. il 2s. 6d. SaaS OS PRG SO:
» 9,,10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. eae) 6s. Od. 8s: Od.
» ll 2s.0d. 5s. 6d LOS aisOd 9s. Od
Sy AI Bis Bxele (sha) Ole! » 11 8s. 0d 10s. Od
» 18 2s.6d. 10s. 0d SAR LAN EE (ON | 11s. 0d
doz. of pairs

ILE Odal sods ye sy UO EG Ost 12s. Od.
MOTS S Odes ods OMIS NO 13s. Od.
» 16 4s8.0d. 2s. 6d. » 15 18s: 0d. 15s. Od.

so) Wi? Ss0dss.i00: Larger sizes can be made

18 12s.0d. 4s. Od. to order.

"Ny. 1 to 4 are gocd for humming birds and others up to
the size of Tanagers.
No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies. ©
No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls,
No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc.
No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc.

and Printed at J.S. LEVIN’S Steam Printing Works, 75, Leadenhall Street, E.0.

March 1, 1891.

A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC,

“VOL 1, NA, |

ARTISTIC,

The

miming Bird

AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

April 1, 1891.

Annual Subscription:

United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ;

all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.

All other countries, 6 shillings.

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

Mik OEP BOUCARD,

NATURALIST,

Officier d’Académie, 1878 ;

Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;

Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1865;
de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1889 ;
Member of the International Jury, Paris, 1889 ; Member of many scientific societies ;

etce etc:

etc. etc.

CONTENTS OF No. 4.—APRIL 1, 1891.

Notes on Rare Species of Humming Birds and
Descriptions of Several Supposed New
Species in Boucard’s Museum.

Description of a Supposed New Species of Parrot
in Boucard’s Museum.

Notes on the Crowned Superb Warbler, Malurus
Coronatus, Gould.

A Visit to the Gardens of the Zoological Society
of London.

British Museum (Zoological Department).

Royal Aquarium.

The Panama Canal.

Answers to Correspondents.

Books and Journals Received.

Obituary, Charles Anatole Maingonnat.

An easy way of making £100 a year.

Report on the March Public Sales of Ostrich
and Osprey Feathers, Bird Skins, etc.

Report on February and March Public Sales
of Postage Stamps.

[ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.]

PRICE SIXPENCE,

x

li THE HUMMING BIRD.
FOR SALE.
Shells. 43 Palæornis torquata, Bodd
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard. ah a Re ne
LAND FLUVIATELE AND MARINE SHELLS. | a a See Mull.
Glandinidæ, rs. each. Helicidæ, 67. each. Bulimidæ 47 — schisticeps, Hodgs.
rs. each. Achatinidæ, 1s. each. Cylindrellidæ, 15. 6d. 48 — columboides, Vig.
each. Clausilidæ, 34. each. Ampularidæ, 64. each. 49 Be mounted
Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclosto- 50 Re cape Lay
nidæ 607. each. MHelicinideNe7/Meich (> Unio, st Belocercus longicaudus Bodd
Anodonta, and Ostrea, 6d. each. 52 ve nl Mull
Marine Shells—47 the Collection including 53 as javanicus, Osb
Argonauta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, -Nassa, 54 Ara macao, L
Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra, Conus, Strombus, 55 —)-—— mounted 4
Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo, 56 — chloropterus, G. R. G.
Venus, Cardium, &c., 64. each. 57 — ararauna, L., mounted
Can be divided if required. 58 — militaris, L.
All HO to be made at the Journals OHice Ce ver te :
: ; — = _ 60 — nobilis, lL, ... 600
61 hahni, Souancé f
List of Barrons for Sale. a Ringathooetts, pachyrhyncha, Sw.
PSITTACIDÆ LEACH. 90 63 Henicognathus leptorhynchus, King
r Platycercus pennanti, Lath - ... ne 8 64 Conurus cyanolycos, Land :
2 — — mounted ... si TO CRUE icterotis, Mas and S.
3 — adelaide, Gould... Do 10 | 66 — carolinensis, L., mounted
4 = flaviventris Tem. … vee Io | 67 — chloropterus, Souancé...
5 — — mounted ... ve 12 | 68 — wagleri, G. R. Gr.
6 — palliceps, Vig. Le Las 10 6 — erythrogenys, Less
7 — eximius, Shaw ee an 10 Fe i pavua, Bodd
6 Psephotus multicolor, Brown … “A 10 nile ee nanday, Desm., mounted
9 — hæmatonotus, Gould ae 10 We luteus, Bodd
IO — pulcherrimus, — sia 12 713 — jandaya,Gm. ...
11 Nymphicus cornutus, Gm. he Bs ‘20 — — aztec, Souancé ... ssi
12 Barnardius Barnardi, Vig 560 ae 10 5 perbinar ile
13 —- semitorquatus Quoy... 10 12 16 — Weddelli Dev.
14 Polytelis barrabandi, Sw. cu ie 12 TES holochlorus, Sclat
15 San HOME à 0 aoe 14 | 78 — ocularis, Scl. and Salv.
16 — alexandre, Gould re Ae 12 IO Det ILENE, * ee
7) = = mounted ... ob 14 | 80 — rhodocephalus, Sclat and Salv..
18 Aprosmictus erythropterus, Gm. ye 12 Sr = aureus, Gm. .. a :
18 bis — — mounted... a 15 Soie se mounted
19 — vulneratus, Wagl … a 16 Eat — cruentatus, Max
20 — cyanopygius V. ... ies TON BY ge — mounted
21 — — mounted Sis 2 STE avi tablis. Save
22 —— broadbenti ... bs SES HO A. BONES — mounted
23 — dorsalis, Quoy se 300 20 Sy == souancei, Verr ...
24 Pyrrhulopsis personatus, G. R. Gr. doc 30 So leucotis, Licht ...
25 —— tabuensis, Gm. … a 30 | 89 — cyanopterus, Bodd
26 Cyanoramphus novoe-zelandiæ, Sparm. ... 90 — — mounted..,
27 — auriceps, Kuhl ... or 6 gt — luciani, Dev.
28 — pacificus, Forst ... Ee 20 | 92 — _ roseifrons, G. R. Gr.
29 Melopsittacus undulatus, Shaw ... 500 4 | 93 — _ callipterus, Man ove
30 Euphema pulchella, Shaw ES sys 6 94 hoffmanni, Cab..
31 == = mounted ... op: Sell 5 ocre monachus, Bodd
32 =) = ChAySOSaStre M EAtn Re 466 10 | 96 == — mounted
33 — chrysostoma, Kull - ... Re 10 | 97 Brotogeris triacula, Hald
34 — aurantia, Gould. ar ae 10 98 — virescens, Gm.
35 Pezoporus formosus, Lath ba aes 8 99 — — mounted
20 — —— mounted $30 10 | 100 — tuipara, Gm.
37 Prioniturus flavicans, Cass. Eas A 8 |i tor — jugularis, Mull
38 — platurus, Kuhl ons at 8 | 102 — tovi, Gnel
39 Urodiscus discurus, V. …. me dot 20 | 103 — chrysosemar Natt.
40 Palæornis pue. Toes se ee Le 5 | 104 Loriculus galgulus, L.
AT — docilis, V. de su Le 5 | 105 — — mounted
42 — docilis, mounted 00 Me 10 | 106 — stigmatus Mul and Sch.

[ April à, 1891

I

N
QU O1 O ASP ou O

HE H HN
coaononst O O

ie) : 4
On Oth O

April 1, 1891]

149

ISI
152
15
B54.
5

157

159
160
161

168
:69
170

List OF PARROTS FOR SALE.—{ Continued.)

Loriculus vernalis, Sparm.
— melanopterus, Scop.
— exilis, Schl.
aurantii frons
Lines philippinus, V. ge
— mounted
== regulus, Souancé
Lorius domicella, L.
mounted
— erythrothorax
— tricolor, Steph.
mounted
— garrulus, L. 1e
mounted
— ater, Scop.
— sintillatus, Tem.
— fuscatus, Bp. ‘
— chloropterus, Salv.
Vini fringillaceus, Gm.
Phigys solitarius, Lath.

- Eos rubra, Gm.

mounted re
— cochinsinensis, Lath. ee 34
— reticulatus, Mul and Schl.
— cardinalis, Hombe and L.
Trichoglossus, hæmatodus, L.
— rubritorques, Vig and IA
— novæ hollandiæ, Gm.
mounted ...
a nigrogularis, G. R. Gr.
= cyanogrammus, Wagl.
— massena, Bp. j
mounted
— ornatus, L.

— chlorolepidotus, Kuhl.
mounted
— flavoviridis ? Sclat.

— meyeri, Schl.
Ptilosclera versicolor, Vig.
Glossopsitta concinna, Shaw
mounted
— pusila, Shaw
mounted .
— porphyreocephala, Diet.
mounted

Psiteuteles euteles, Tem.

— placentis, Tem.

— muschenbrooki
Charmosyna papuana, Gm.
mounted

— arfaki, Ver.
= stellæ
Muscarinus polychlorus, Scop
— sinensis, Gm.
Tanygnathus mezalorhynchos, Bodd,

— mulleri, Mull and Sch.

Nestor meridionalis, Gm.

— productüs, Gould ues
Dasyptilus bene Less. see
Vaza nigra, L À

— vaza, Shaw ae eve

-— comorensis, Pet. ... eee sate
— barkleyi, Newt. …. Sa oe
Geoffroy personatus, Shaw_ ban ane

171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
IQI
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210

| 217

212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222

223
224

225

226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234

THE HUMMING BIRD.

Geoffroy rhodops, G. R. Gr.

— aruensis —

— cyanicollis, Mull and Sch.
Poiocephalus senegalus, L.
mounted

— Levaillanti Li
— — mounted
— meyeri, Rupp.

— versteri, Finsch.
Caica melanocephala, Ty.
— — mounted |
— xanthomeria, G. R. Gr.

— histrio, Bodd
— amazonina, Desmurs
— pyrilia, Bp.. Se
— hæmatotis, Scl. and ‘Salv a
— coccineicollaris, Lawr
Pionus menstruus, it
— sordidus, L. :
— maximiliani, Kuhl
— senilis, Spix
— violaceus, Bodd ...
Deroptyus accipitrinus, L.
Chrysotis farinosa, Bodd
—— auripalliata, Less
— amazonica, L.
mounted
= panamensis, Cab
— sallei, Finsch
= jamaicensis
— albifrons, Spar...
Triclaria cyanogaster, V.
Psittacula guianensis, Sw.
— passerima, L.
os coelestis, Less
— conspicillata, Laf.
Urochroma cingulata, Scop.
— purpurata, Gm.

— surda, HI.
RARE pullaria, L.
— mounted .
Poliopsitta cana, Gm. 800
— mounted ...
Cyclopsitia diophthalma, H. and F.
Bremei :

— desmaresti, Garn
— coxeni, Gould
— suavissima, Sclat
— loxia, Cuv.
Psittinus incertus, Shaw
Nasiterna pygmæa, Quoy oe
Calopsitta novee hollandiz, Gm.
Cacatua alba, Mull, mounted
— sulphurea, Gm., mounted
Lophocroa leadbeateri, as
Eolophus roseicapillus, V
Licmetis nasicus, Tem.
Casper nents banksil, Lath | nc
— mounted
Gallece Lou galeata, Lath
— — mounted
Microglossum aterrimum, Gm. ...
Strigops habroptilus, G. R. Gr. ...
— greyi, G. R. Gr.

mounted ...

ill

=

OS
DODO ONNUN DE pb

iv THE HUMMING BIRD.

FOR SALE.—Insects Coleoptera.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.

Cicindelidæ, including types of Oxygonia,
Boucardi Chev, Cincindela costaricensis and others,
2s.each. Carabidæ, including many types, 1s. each.
Dytiscidæ, 64. each. Staphylinidæ, 34. each.

Pselaphidæ, Gnostidæ, Paussidæ, Scydmaenidæ,
Silphidæ, Scaphididæ, Histeridæ, Nitidulidæ, Trog-
ositidæ, Rhyssodidæ, Cucujidæ, Cryptophagide,
Derodontidæ, Latrididæ, Mycetophagidæ, Dermestidæ
Byrrhidæ, Parnidæ, and Heteroceridæ, 34. each.
Lucanidæ and Passalidæ, including many types, 15.
each. Copridz, 64. each. Melolonthidæ, 64. each,
Rutelidæ, including all the types of Plusiotis,
Chrysina, Heterosternus, 25. each. Scarabæidæ, ts.
each. Cetonidz, 1s. each. Buprestidæ, 1s. each.
Trixagidæ, Monommidæ, Eucnemidæ, and Elateridæ,
6d. each. Cebrionidæ. Rhipidoceridæ, Dascillidæ,
and Malacodermidæ, 34 each. Cleridæ, 6d. each.
Lymexilonidæ, Cupesidæ, Ptinidæ, Bostrychidæ, and
Cioidæ, 34. each. Tenebrionidæ, 34. each. Nilion-
idæ, Pythidæ, Melandryidæ, Lagriidæ, Pedilidæ.
Anthicinæ, Pyrochroidæ, Mordellidæ, and Rhipidoph-
oridæ, 34. each. Cantharidæ, 64. each. Cephaloide,
Oedemeridæ, and Mycteridæ, 34. each. Curculionidæ
and Scolytidæ, 34. each. Brenthidæ and Anthotribidæ,
6d. each. Cerambycide, 15. each: Bruchidæ, 34. each.
Chrysomelidæ, 34. each. Cassididæ, 64. each.
Languridæ and Erotylidæ, 64. each. Tritomidæ and
Coccinellidæ, 34. each.

TO ORNITHOLOGISTS.

FOR SALE.

Fine mounted specimen of Alca impennis, the Great Awk,
(extinct species). Pedigree from the date of capture, 1836, to
this date, will be given to buyer.

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of
bird Reinhardtia ocellata Bp., the greatest discovery of the
century. Price £50

LIST OF DESIDERATA OF PHANÆI.

Achilles Bohem, Guayaquil.
Bitias Har., Mexico.
Charon Har., Guayaquil.
Columbi, Mc L., female, Brazil
Hastifer Germ., male, \ fae
Foveolatus Har., Guayaquil.
Horus Waterh. Reiche, Brazil.
Melibceus Blanch, Chiquitos.
Mirabilis Har., Brazil.

{Colombia and

Be
Nes IaiKes, \ Nicaragua, etc.

Perseus Har., Colombia.
Pteroderus Reiche in litt, Uruguay.
Rhadamanthus Bar., Brazil.
Rosalia Fabr., ? America.
Tepanensis Bates, Tepan.
Thalassinus Perty, Brazil.

[April x, 1891.

Steinheili Har., male and female. Guatemalensis
Har., male. Beltianus, male’ Scutifer, Bates, male
and female. Lunaris, Tasch, male. Actæon, Erichs,
male and female. Bispinus, Bates. Cadmus, Har.
Dejeani, Har., female. Lautus, Macleay, male.
Silenus, Cast, male and female. Spinifer, Cast, male
and female.

List of Pittidae for Sale.

iS:
Pitta strepitans, Australia 5
— maxima, N. Guinea 10
— brachyura Malacca 8
— bengalensis, India "#8
— elegans, Malacca 10
— cyanurus, Java 16
— arcuata, Borneo 30
— granatina, Borneo
— erythrogaster, Philippines 10
— mackloti, N. Guinea TO
— rosenbergi, N. Guinea 30
— nove guineæ, N. Guinea TO
— mulleri, Borneo 10
— cucullata, India 8
— — Var, Malacca 8
— coerulea, Malacca 16
Philepitta castanea, Madagascar 12
FOR SALE.

From Kina Balu (Borneo).

Calyptomena whiteheadi, male, 1oos.

A magnificent bird, discovered lately by Mr. White-
head in the interior of Borneo.

Many other species from the same collector (mag-
nificent skins).

FOR SALE.

A magnificent bound copy of T. A. Naumann’s
Naturgeschichte der Vogel Deutschlands, 13 vols. in
4to and 391 coloured plates.

Apply at the office of the Journal.

FOR SALE.

Collection of Woods from all parts of the world.
1,000 blocks nicely cut. Manuscript catalogue over
2vols. Awarded gold medal at International Exhi-
bition.

For price and particulars apply at the office of the
Journal.

Fine group of Harpyornis feeding on a Dendro-
lagus. Two rare species of mammal and bird, from
New Guinea. Price £12.

Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili. In the
most perfect condition. 23 specimens, at 5s. each.

April 1, 1801]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 25

Ghe Humming Bud,

Notes on Rare Species of Humming Birds
and Descriptions of Several Supposed
New Species in Boucard’s Museum.

By A. Boucard.
Continued from page 17.
————h—
LAMPORNIS OBSCURA, N.SP.

LAMPORNIS VIOLICAUDA VAR BoucarD, P.Z.S., 1879,
PS0:

Male.— Upper surface, purplish black, lighter on
the rump ; tail-coverts and central tail feathers, black ;
lateral tail feathers, metallic purple with tip and
external edge of each feather dark blue ; chin and
breast, black, with a line of lustrous purplish black
feathers commencing at the angle of the bill and pass-
ing down the sides of the neck ; abdomen, black in
centre, paler on sides, as in Z. wolicauda ; under tail-
coverts, purplish black ; bill and feet, black.

Length, 4 inches, 2 lines; bill, 9 lines; wings, 2
inches, 6 ; tail, 1-5.

Habitat, Brasilia.

EULAMPIS CHLOROLÆMUS, GOULD.
SERICOTES CHLOROLÆMUS REICH, 1853.
EULAMPIS CHLOROLÆMUS BONAP, 1854.

ANTHRACOTHORAX CHLOROLÆMUS, REICH, 1855.
LAMPORNIS CHLOROLAMUS, CAB & HEIN, 1860.

Matle.—Upper surface, dark green with a large
golden tinge on the rump ; upper tail-coverts, bright
green in the centre, with several bright blue feathers
on each side ; tail, bright purple blue, the two central
feathers of same colour with greenish reflections ;
throat, very dark metallic grass green ; breast, very
dark purple blue, extending over the belly ; abdomen,

black in the centre, greenish black on the sides ;

under tail-coverts, bright purple blue, as breast, with
green base; wings, steel black ; feet and bill, black.

Length, 42; wing, 24 ; tail, 14; bill,

Habitat, Trinidad.

This species, which has been considered by many
authors as a synonym of Z. holosericeus, is quite
distinct of that species, and easily distinguishable by
the colour of the throat, which is of a very distinct
green, and also by its blue breast in its entirety, and
not a patch as in C. holosericeus. I am of opinion
that it is a very good and valid species.

I have several specimens of this very rare species.

we
Se

LAFRESNAYA CINEREORUFA, N.SP.

Sex (?).—Head, golden green; back, grey, with
base of feathers black; slight rufous reflection on
rump ; upper tail-coverts grey ; central tail feathers
pale rufous for three thirds of their length, then dark
grey with black tips; wings, steel black ; under sur-
face rufous, with sides and abdomen greyish ; under

tail-coverts rufous, with tips golden green ; feet, flesh
colour ; bill, black.

Length, 44; wing, 1%

Habitat, Colombia.

This species is quite distinct of Lafresnaya flavi-
cauda, to which it is somewhat allied. The unique
specimen from which the above description is taken
came in a large consignment of Bogota birds sent to
Paris in 1888. The colour of its plumage is quite
extraordinary.

; tail, 12; bill, x inch.

PETASOPHORA CORRUSCANS, GOULD, 1846.
POLYTMUS CORRUSCANS, GRAY.
COLIBRI CORRUSCANS, Bp., 1850.

PRAXILLA CORRUSCANS, REICH, 1855.

PETASOPHORA CORRUSCANS, ELLIOTT, 1879.

Male.—Upper surface, shining grass green ; line
under the eye and ear coverts, shining blue; tail,
bronze green, with a sub-terminal blackish bar ; chin
and centre of breast, shining blue; throat, metallic
pink, green at base ; abdomen and flanks, shining
grass green ; under tail-coverts, green, with edges and
base buff; tail, shining green, with blue reflections,
and sub-terminal bar steel blue; wings, purplish
brown ; feet and bill, black.

Length, 4§; wing, 3; tail, 2; bill, 12.

Habitat, Colombia.

I have received two specimens of this rare bird in :
a large collection sent from Bogota, and after a care-
ful examination, | have come to the conclusion, that
it is only our old friend, P. anxazs accidentally coloured.
I think this accidental colouring is due to a chemical
action produced by humidity and zinc. I am nearly
certain about it, because the two specimens which I
have were found in similar circumstances, and I
believe the same can be said of the other two speci-
mens known. ‘They were packed with many others
at Bogota in tin cases, before quite dry, and the result
was that when they arrived to Paris one third of the
contents of the boxes were injured by dampness, so
much so, that some claims for damages were made to
the Maritime Company which brought them over
from Columbia to Paris, alleging that they had got
wet by sea water. I saw them at the time and
eventually I bought some of them. I was called by a
friend of mine, who asked my opinion, which I gave.
I said that the damage was produced by having
packed the skins in the cases before they were quite
dry, and that in consequence of being hermetically
shut up, the damp settled at bottom of cases and
destroyed entirely a good number of skins. Those
which were at top and centre of cases were very
slightly injured by moisture. On each side of the
cases some specimens were so firmly attached to the
zinc that in pulling them away they came to pieces.
Nearly all of these were altered in colours; the
metallic green of Chlorestilbon and Panychlora was
darker and reddish, the metallic rubi colour of
Chrysolampis moschitus was darker too, and so forth
with others.

At the time I thought little of these changes in
colours, and I did not take the trouble to keep these
specimens as I did not see any scientific interest in

26 THE HUMMING BIRD.

them. It is in these damaged cases that I: found the
specimens of P. corruscans which are now in my pos-
session ; one of them has less pink than the other.

It would be very interesting if the opinion of a
competent chemist could be obtained on this matter.

CurysoLtampPis Moscuitus, Linné, 1766.

I have three varieties of this well known South
American species found abundantly in Trinidad,
Venezuela, Colombia, Guiana and Brazil. All of
them are adult males; the first has a perfectly white
chin, the remainder of the throat being topaz as in
the specimens of the species; the second has a topaz
breast lined on each side with a broad white margin
from the bill to the breast; and the third has the
four external feathers of the tail on the left side all
white with rufous tips; on the other side, the two
feathers next to central ones are white three-thirds of
their length with large rufous spot at tips, the third
and the two central feathers are totally rufous as in
the specimens of that species and the last is white
with rufous tip.

The two first specimens are from Colombia, the
third from Brazil. This last one has also white
feathers on back and three feathers on each wing
white.

LEPIDOLARYNX MESOLEUCUS, TEM.

One adult male specimen agreeing exactly with the
description of this well known species ; but having a
very short bill, & inch, instead of 1} inches which is
the usual length for that species.

It came from Brazil.

HELIANTHEA EOS, GOULD, 1848. .
MELLISUGA EOS, GRAY.
HYPOCHRYSIA EOS, REICH,1853.
CALLIGENIA EOS, MULS.

Male.—Forehead metallic dark green ; head, met-
allic green with the appearance of jet black; back
shining green, golden on the-rump; tail coverts
golden bronze; the four central tail feathers, buff to
the half of their length, the remainder metallic
bronze, the others buff edged with bronze ; chin and
breast, shining dark green; throat, metallic purple
blue ; abdomen and flanks, fiery metallic bronze ;
under tail-coverts and tail, buff, each feather edged
externally with a greenish bronze tip; wing-coverts,
bronze, wings, purple ; secondaries bnff ; bill black.

Length, 52; wing, 4 ; tail, r& bill 12.

Female.—Upper surface, metallic dark green, coppery
on the rump ; tail-coverts, bronze colour ; throat, buff;
chest, metallic green; flanks and abdomen, bronze
colour, rufous in the centre.

Habitat, Merida (Venezuela).

I have received several specimens, both sexes of
of this magnificent species.

HELIANTHEA TYPICA, LEss, 1838.
Male.—One specimen of that species all black,
having the gular spot and the tail coverts, metallic
silvery green.
J found it in a large collection of Humming Birds
sent from Bogota,

[ April 2 1801

BOURCIERIA WILSONI, DELATT & BOURCIER, 1846.
One specimen of this species, with the throat

metallic purple, intermixed with metallic green.
Habitat. Ecuador.

FHELIANGELUS HENRICI, N. SP.

Male.—Forehead, luminous dark green ; upper sur-
face and tail coverts golden green; medium rectrices,
bronzy-green as in 4. Clarisse, lateral ones, steel black
as in Z7. strophianus ; wings, purplish brown; chin
and lores, black ; throat, metallic violet with purple :
reflections, beneath which is a narrow band of shining
grass green,succeeded by a wide white band crossing all
the chest; abdomen and flanks, shining grass green ;
under tail-coverts, golden grey edged with white ; bill
short as HZ. strophianus.

Length, 44; wing, 24; tail, 14; bill, &

Habitat, Ecvador.

I have only one specimen of this fine species, which
was given to me by Mr. Henry Whitely, and I
have much pleasure in dedicating the same to
him. It must be placed between A. c/avissae and
HT, strophianus.

THALURANIA ERIPHILE, LESS.

Male.— Head and throat, metallic emerald green,
with metallic blue patch on the head ; back of head,
upper surface upper and under tail-coverts, bronzy
green ; shoulders, breast and abdomen, metallic pur-
ple blue; wing, purplish-brown; tail, steel black :
bill, black.

Length, 42; wing, 24; tail, 2; bill, 1.

Habitat, Brasilia.

The specimens in my collection were collected
by Mr. Gounelle.

THALURANIA VERTICEPS GOULD, 1851.

This species which has been united by Mr Elliott
to the above species is quite distinct ; it is smaller
and the colour of the shoulders and abdomen is of a
very different metallic steel blue quite different of
the purple-blue of Z. evifAzle,; the metallic emerald-
green of the throat extends much more on the breast
than in Z: eriphile ; the under tail-coverts are blue
edged with grey. In T. eriphile they are shining grey.

I think that Mr. Elliott had not a true T. eriphile
in his collection when he united both species. In
my opinion it is a very good species.

I have many specimens of T. verticeps collected
by Mr. Buckley and others.

THALURANIA COLOMBICA, BouRC AND MULS.

I have in my Collection one male specimen of this
species with tail and wing-coverts dark steel blue ;
forehead, silvery-purple ; back, grey with golden re-
flections ; throat, silvery-green ; breast and abdomen,
silvery-blue ; flanks, grey; under tail-coverts, white
with steel blue tips ; wing, purple-brown ; feet, fleshy
colour ; bill, black.

Length 38; wing, 2; tail, 16; bill 2.

Came in a lot of birds from Bogota and may be
another illustration of discolouring, produced by
dampness and zinc; although the skin is in very
good condition.

To be continued.

April 1, 1891]

Description of a Supposed New Species
of Parrot in Boucards Museum.
By A. Boucard.

eee eee

In looking over my collection of parrots I found
two specimens of a species of Pionus, marked
P. maximiliani, but which I believe to be quite dis-
tinct. One of them has been for a long time in the
collection of the late T. C. Eyton. It was collected
in Bolivia by Mr. Thomas Bridges, the other was col-
lected at Corrientes (Argentine Republic) by Mr.
Flamant. I believe that it is justly due to the late
T. Bridges, the first discoverer of this species, that
it should bear his name. So I have called it
Pionus bridgest,as a feeble homage to the memory
of this excellent collector.

Pionus bridgest, n. sp.

Male.—Head, neck, cheeks, and lores, grass green
edged with purple-blue; back, breast, abdomen,
wing, and tail coverts, yellowish-green ; tail, deep
grass green; chin, rose-purple; throat, purple with
rosy reflections ; under tail coverts, crimson ; tail,
showy green, red at base; feet, black; bill, upper
mandible, black with yellow tip; under mandible,
yellow.

Length, 12 inches; wing, 8; tail, 44.

Habitat, Bolivia and Argentine Republic.

The principal difference between this species and
P. maximiliani is that this last species is of a deeper
grass colour all over, and that the colour of the throat
is bluish-purple.

Notes on the Crowned Superb Warbler,

Malurus coronatus, Gould.
Native Name : GERIAL.

This exceedingly rare and most lovely little bird I
first had the pleasure of procuring on the banks of
the Fitzroy River, North Western Australia, in 1886,
near Maclarty’s crossing, where I found it tolerably
plentiful. In its habits it did not materially differ
from the other members of the genus except that it
was always seen in the bamboo-like grass growing
from three to eight feet high in patches here and
there bordering the river, never more than a few yards
from the edge of the water. The adult males, as in
the other species of the genus, were the most difficult
of approach, keeping to the bottom of the reeds and
those the most dense. ‘Phe females and young males
being bolder showed themselves more frequently at
the edges of the clumps cf grass, but I rarely, if ever,
saw them creep to the tops. ‘Their call is similar to
the Maluri in general, but more harsh, much louder
and sustained for a longer period. One young male
which I was watching and which was assuming the
lilac features of the crown, whistled beautifully and
with a ventriloquial effect, beginning low at first,
which seemed to come from another bird at a dis-
tance, and then bursting out into full song, similar to
our Wren 77og/odytus parvula, and, like it, very loud
for such a tiny bird.

THE HUMMING BIRD. 27

The species cannot be confounded with any other
member of the genus, its far greater size and marked
character in the colouring of its plumage”at all ages
preclude the possibility of a mistake. The beautiful
lilac crown of the adult male, with its oblong patch of
black feathers in the centre, lores, cheeks, ear coverts,
and nape of the neck forming an uninterrupted
stripe from one side of the bill to the other of intense
black; the light brown colouring of the back, the
white throat and breast and buffy flanks, renders it a
very easy species to determine. The young male has
the crown dull greyish-brown and no trace of the
black spot in the centre, the black ear coverts and
nape not so pure, the other parts as in the adult. The
female has the crown dull grey, the centre having a
few obscure brown feathers in place of the black spot,
the ear coverts reddish-brown. The legs and feet in
all ages and sexes are brownish-flesh colour, bill
black, irides dark brown; the colour of their tails,
too, are the same, being of a light greenish-blue, all
the feathers (except the two central ones) tipped, and
the outer one on each side edged with white. The
tail of the female has a rather more greenish hue than
in the male, but scarcely perceptible.

When I have been following them along the steep
banks of the river where it is difficult to get far
enough away from them to avoid damaging their
plumage with the charge of dust shot from ‘such a
small gun as a ‘410 gauge on account of the thick-
ness of the undergrowth and the uprooted trees torn
from their hold in the banks by the heavy floods of
the rainy season, their roots and branches interlocked
in those of the trees still standing, intertwined with
powerful creepers gnarled and twisted in some places
like ships’ cables, forming a barrier that has to be
climbed or crept under with the ground at an angle
of 60 degs., soft and pliable, affording no hold to the
feet except where some grass has grown or in some
unevenness of the ground, where a slip will send the
birds in hiding, I have seen them sometimes fly out
over the water into a tree which has. had the earth
washed away from its roots and fallen over into
the river, where they will hop about amongst the
branches with tail erect and then creep back into the
dense grass, where it was no easy matter to find them;
but by waiting at a thin part of the patch of grass
where they were likely to pass on their way up or
down the river, was the way in which I got most of
the specimens. The beautiful crown of the male is
not to be discerned until after a little practice, but
when once accustomed to is never forgotten; it isa
splendid colour and shows to advantage in its sur-
roundings when erected. ‘They were mostly seen in
parties of from five to seven in number, sometimes
only a pair, very seldom singly, the old male generally
leading the little flock. The only other species of the
genus observed at this camp was the J. cruentatus,
which Professor Ramsay, of the Australian Museum,
believed to be distinct, and has bestowed the name of
Malurus cruentatus boweri. This and the covonatus
seemed to be at variance, and I have repeatedly. by
imitating the call of ‘cruentatus, brought forth the
male coronutus to do battle with the supposed in-
truder on his domain.

28 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[April 1, 1891

Length from point of bill to upper tail coverts:
male, 3°8; female, 3°7; male (juv.), 3°7. Bill on
culmen, ‘45. Wings from carpal joint, fifth feather
longest, 2°2. Tail, from end of upper tail coverts,
male, 2°2; female, 2-1; male juv., 2°45. ‘Darsi, :93.
These two species with AZ. dambertz were the only
members of the genus that were procured in this col-
lecting trip, in which I accompanied the late Thomas
Henry Bourger-Bower as naturalist, who, to my great
sorrow and distress, contracted the malarial fever,
which turned to typhoid, and culminated in his death
at Palmerston, Port Darwin, Northern Territory, on
December 23rd, 1886. Scientific naturalists and
society at large have to regret the loss of such a prac-
tical and zealous collector and gentleman and myself
the loss of a true friend.

“The Lord alone did lead him.”

WALTER BURTON.

A Visit to the Gardens of the Zoological
Society of London.

A few days ago I went and spent a few hours in
the gardens of the Zoological Society of London, and
I was happy to see how Londoners and others con-
tinue to patronise the said gardens, which shows their
good sense.

It is really a magnificent institution, and it is easy
to see that everything is done in such good style that
it can only prosper more and more every day. Every-
thing is in best order, and there is an infinite number
of rare animals from all parts of the world to be seen.
No one can go there without being interested in all
what he sees.

My compliments to Doctor Philip Lutley Sclater, :

Secretary of the Zoological Society ; to Mr. Bartlett,
Superintendent of the Gardens, and to all those who
are under their direction.

A very useful Guide to the Gardens, sold at the
moderate price of sixpence, is indispensable to all
those who really want to see in detail all the zoological
treasures quartered in the Gardens.

In the Western Aviary can be admired the extra-
ordinary SATIN BOWER BIRDS (Fé:lonorhynchus viola-
ceus), which are constantly seen in search of materials
of all descriptions for the construction of their nest,
with a sort of gallery around it, where they disport
themselves like school boys in vacation.

The LAUGHING KINGFISHER (Dacelo giganteus),
the largest species known of that family, is also an
interesting bird to observe and hear when it laughs.

Another very interesting species of bird is the
CROWNED PIGEON (Goura coronata), one of the most
magnificent birds to be seen. It is originary from
New Guinea, and is among other allied species, one
of the largest of pigeons known.

Then we have the Cranes and Storks of all descrip-
tions and sizes, among which the extraordinary
MaARABOUT (Leptoptilus crumeniferus) with its enor-
mous pouch; the different species of meus and
Rhea, the Pelicans, the Eagles and Ovw/s, the magnifi-
cent collection of Parrots, containing many of the
rarest species, the /7orndzl/s, the large series of rare

Pheasants, Tragopans, and Monals, Ducks and Swans,
Ostriches, the Australian Cassowary, the Apteryx,
and lastly the large Aviary, where are located an
immense number of small bright tropical birds, doves,
and another with many species of British birds.

In Mammals, the Monkeys’ House attracts always
a great deal of attention, and it is sometimes difficult
to effectuate an entrance.

Actually there are several rare species, amongst
which are two Chimpanzees. ‘These large monkeys,
which natives of Africa call Idlers, saying: “ You not
speak, because not want to work.” These last are
housed in what used to be the old Reptiles’ House.

The Lions’ House is also one of the places where
the public is always numerous, especially at feeding
time.

One never tires to admire these magnificent
animals, justly called the Kings of the Desert, and
also the Royal Tigers, another noble animal. The
many species of Leopards, and the Puma, are also a
great attraction. The Ay/elopes and Deers are very
interesting to look at; the different species of Bears,
the Rhinoceros, Hippopotamus, Giraffes, Elephants,
Zebrae, Brazilian TZapirs, Beavers, Sea Lions and,
many others too long to enumerate. Then there is the
Reptile’s House, which is a real palace, and lastly,
the Aquarium and Insectorium.

It is impossible to pass a few hours better than
those passed in the Gardens of the Zoological Society,
where everything is interesting. Health and know-
ledge is acquired in going there, and I hope that this
sensible taste for live animals will continue to accrue
every day. By going as many times as you can in
the year you will contribute to increase the resources of
the Society. which has no other ambition than to make
it as perfect and as interesting as possible to the
general public. All the money received from the
visitors is spent in ameliorations of all sorts, in pur-
chasing rare animals, and in the expenses of the
undertaking, all for the benefit of the public.
Actually, the Society is in parley for the purchase of
two very rare species of Pheasants brought over to
England from Thibet per Mr. Antwerp E. Platt. One
is the excessively rare Lophophorus ? Huyset, and the
other is Crossoptilon thibetanum, two species never
brought to Europe before. I hope the Society will

be able to secure them.
IN, BX

British Museum (Zoological Department.)

The celebrated Professor Thomas Salvadori of
Turin (Italy) has been working every day since the
last five months, at the large and fine collection
of Psittacidae of the British Museum. His work is
nearly completed and the Volume containing descrip-
tions of all the Parrots known will shortly appear. I
have no doubt that it will be very complete and very
interesting to all Ornithologists, Professor Salvadori
having done this work con amore.

Professor Ernst Hartett of the Museum of Franc-
furt-on-Main (Germany), the well known scientific

Traveller in Sumatra, India, and Africa, has also been

April 1, 1801]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 29

here several weeks and has been working at the
British Museum.

Indubitably many other Scientists among the
Ornithologists and others have been studying and
working at the British Museum lately, and this shows
how appreciated are by all the splendid Collections
gathered in this Museum ; but unfortunately I hear
from all sides that the accommodation for scientific
workers is very limited.

This shows that I was right when I say page 13 of
the Humming Bird that in building a Museum, rooms
and library for the use of Students ‘should be the
first thing to think of.

If there was sufficient accommodation for Students
with its correspondent attendance, I have no doubt
that hundreds of Scientists would be seen every day
at work in the laboratories of the British Museum
and I hope the day is not far off when this wish of

many will be realized.
ARE

Royal Aquarium.

THE ordinary general meeting of the Royal Aquarium
was held on the 4th of March, under the presidency
of Captain Molesworth, R.N., the Chairman and
General Manager of the Company.

It was rather a stormy meeting in consequence of
the division existing between the Directors. Much
was said on either side, but it would have been much
better if half of what was said had been kept to
thernselves. It is not satisfactory to hear Directors
of one same Company charging one another of deeds
resulting against the welfare of the Institution. I
shall not go into details about all what was said at the
Meeting as every leading Journal of the Metropolis
has published minutely the report of same; but I
was quite surprised that none of the reporters assist-
ing at the meeting have said a word about several
speeches made by many of the independent share-
holders. One of them, #/r. / Stroud, gave a very
good acccount of what is going on at the Aquarium
since Captain Molesworth is one of the Directors and
Chairman. He said that the reports were always
very promising; but the fact was that for one reason
or another, now in consequence of the fogs, at other
times in consequence of the Italian and Spanish Ex-
hibitions or for other causes, the dividend for the
Shareholders was always small ; although we are told
every year that there will be a fine dividend for the
next.

He spoke also of some very valuable properties
that we have close to the Aquarium which are in a
very delapidated state and could be let at a high rent
if properly repaired. He concluded by saying that
he thought that the Shareholders ought to give
another chance to Captain Molesworth ; but it should
be understood between him and the Shareholders
that if in six months time, he could not give us
a better dividerd than the last, that he should
resign. ‘These remarks were very well received
by the Shareholders present at the Meeting.
Myself, an original Shareholder of eighty shares,
said that we had a splendid property which well
managed ought to pay us a dividend not of two or

five per cent ; but 10, 15, 20, 30 and possibly 50 per
cent. as many other institutions of the same class had
done ; but up to the present time we have had yearly
all sorts of promises about very good dividends ; but
up to this time we never have had the legal 5 per
cent. interest of our money. I said that I assisted at
the meeting when Captain Molesworth was first
elected a Director and that I thought he might be a
good Director and a perfect gentleman ; but did not
think he was the proper manager for such an Institu-
tion as the Royal Aquarium.

After a few more remarks from other Shareholders
the meeting terminated rather abruptly. A gentleman
proposed a vote of thanks for the Chairman, but the
meeting was virtually ended when this was done.

Well now, I repeat what I said at the meeting.
We have a magnificent property in the Royal
Aquarium which could give us excellent dividends if
managed by a competent person and the least that
Captain Molesworth ought to do is to look for a
manager accustomed to that sort of business to assist
him and entrust him the management of the Society
as soon as he has given proof of his abilities in man-
aging the Royal Aquarium in such a way that enables
the Company to pay at least 5 per cent. dividend to
the Shareholders. Short of this, I think that the
Shareholders will not rest long satisfied with what has
been done and is still done at the present time.
They want good dividends and no more promises.

A. BOUCARD.

4

The Panama Canal.

$< <——___.

On the 21st of February last there was a debate on
the Nicaragua Canal Bill in the Senate at Washington.
Being very important that the bondholders of the
Panama Canal Co. should be acquainted with all what
occurs in America about the Interoceanic Canal of
Nicaragua, I reproduce here the telegraphic message
sent by Reuter to the leading journals of Europe :—

Tue NICARAGUA CANAL.

Washington, Feb. 21.— During the debate on the
Nicaragua Canal Bill, Senator Davis, of Minnesota,
opposed the passing of the measure in a speech in
which he declared that the Bill virtually proposed a
subsidy of 100,000,000 dollars for the building of a
work lying outside the national domain and traversing
a foreign country. The means by which it was pro-
posed to construct the canal Mr. Davis described as
objectionable, and said that if the canal was to be
made the work should be done by the American
Government in its sovereign capacity through its own
corps of engineers. He regarded it as most unfor-
tunate that the treaty concluded with Nicaragua in
1884, providing for the construction of the canal by
the United States, has been withdrawn. In his
opinion, the question was not embarrassed by any
complications under the Clayton-Bulwer ‘Treaty,
because he considered that that treaty had been abro-
gated by the action of Great Britain. ‘The American
people, however, were not crying out for the canal,
neither was Great Britain nor any other Power, by

30 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[ April 1, 1891

assuming a menacing attitude, rendering its construc-
tion necessary. Mr. Davis doubted whether it was
feasible to construct and maintain the canal on
account of the frequency of earthquakes in Central
America. Senator Edmunds, of Vermont, replying
to the latter part of Mr. Davis’s speech, pointed out
that railroads and waterworks had been constructed
in spite of the earthquakes, and that ancient masonry
was still standing within fifteen miles of Naples. No
public work that was deemed useful should, he main-
tained, ever be discarded on account of a possible
cataclysm of nature. Mr. Edmunds also defended
the Bill generally. The Senate ultimately adjourned
without having come to any decision regarding the
Bill.

All what precedes shows how important it is for the
United States the opening of an Interoceanic canal
shortening the distance between the States of Cali-
fornia and New York.

It is quite a mistake to believe that the Nicaragua
Canal can be made with the sum asked for to the
Senate of United States, viz., 100,000,000 dollars.

The same difficulties and the same expenses will be
encountered there as with the Panama Canal, and I
consider it very cheap if it could be terminated with
twice that sum, and I think that if a canal is to be
opened at all it would be much preferable for United
States to buy, either in cash or otherwise, from the
Panama Canal Company all the assets existing, at a
reasonable price, and terminate the said canal. It
would cost them much less and could be concluded
much quicker.

Besides, the position of Panama is unique, and
it would be very easy to make of that country an
independent State, under the control of the Govern-
ment of the United States, much more easy, in fact,
than in Nicaragua, where it confines with two district
Republics, having their capitals near the canal.
Meanwhile in Colombia the capital Bogota is ata
considerable distance, and probably it would be easier
for the Government of United States to come to an
understanding with that country than with Central
America.

As a proof of what-I say, I remember that during
my last trip to Colon and Panama in 1876 and 1877,
I spoke with many of the railway authorities, and
many times I was told by them that in selecting
Panama for the construction of the Interoceanic Rail-
way, it was, because in the opinion of the best engineers
of the epoch if a canal was to be made at any future
time Panama was the only place where it could be
made, and I believe that even now there exists a sort
of agreement between the Panama Railway Company
and the Colombian authorities that no canal can be
made by any others than by the Panama Railway
Company sixty leagues above or under the line of the
railway. This clause was the chief reason why the
Exploring Interoceanic Canal Company, under the
direction of General Turr, sent an expedition to
explore the Darien, which is just outside the limits
claimed by the Panama Railway Company.

Seeing the impossibility of digging the Inter-
oceanic Canal in the isthmus of Darien, Baron de
Lesseps had to buy the Panama Railway Company
with its privileges to the American Society which

owned it, and it was considered by all a masterful
stroke of business at the time.

Many of the directors of the said Company are
alive, and can very well substantiate what I say,
and, furthermore, tell to their countrymen that no one
did interfere with them during all the time of their
management. In fact, they were as the real
owners of Panama, to the point of not receiving- any
other money than American gold in payment for
transit of passengers and goods, and acting in every-
thing entirely as they liked.

Panama is the proper place for the Colomdbus

Cana/, and, notwithstanding all what is done else-
where, I have not the least doubt that the canal will
be opened there one day or another,

To be continued.

Answers to Correspondents.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co., in answer to the
numerous letters received from the Continent and
from America offering Objects of Natural History for
sale, remind their Correspondents that their establish-
ment is a Naturalist’s Agency, started with the special
purpose of serving as intermediary between the
collectors and the amateurs. They will be glad to
receive in commission all sorts of Objects of Natural
History, and will do their utmost to give entire satis-
faction to both parties concerned. Rare Objects,
either in Curios, Paintings, Works of Art, Natural
History in general, sent in commission will be adver-
tised free of charge in the journal.

Lists of desiderata for rare specimens of Natural
History, Works of Art, Curios, etc., will also be in-
serted free of charge.

All communications should be addressed —

NATURALIST’S AGENCY,
225, HicH Horror, Lonpon, W.C.

Books and Journals Received.

North American Fauna, Nos. 3 and 4, two very
interesting pamphlets on mammals and birds found
in North America. ;

Revista italiana di Scienze natural. Le Nov Latin,
international scientific Lingua, by Dr. Daniel Rosa.

The Antigua Observer.

The Canadian Entomologist,

The Naturalists Gazelte.

Willings British and Irish Press Guide, a very
useful book.

With thanks,
Ab:

Obituary.— Charles Anatole Maingonnat, the 21st
ot February, aged 54. Charles Anatole Maingonnat
of Paris, a very old friend of mine, was a pupil of
Messrs. Jules and Edward Verreaux, Brothers, the
firm who had travellers in all parts of the world, and
supplied so many museums during a number of
years with rare or new species collected everywhere.
Under such masters, Charles Anatole Maingonnat
became a very skilful taxidermist. He studied
anatomy and sculpture. He always used to make a

April 1, 1891.

THE HUMMING BIRD. 31

model of the objects which he had to stuff, and
he acquired great ability in modelling animals and
birds. I possess several works made by him, which I
consider excessively good. Many of the specimens of
mammals and birds exhibited by the Republic of
Guatemala, and by myself at the International Paris
Exhibition of 1889, were prepared in his workshop.
The French Government awarded him a silver medal,
and the Republic of Guatemala awarded him a gold
medal, and two silver medals for his assistants. He
was ailing for some time, but his family and friends
never thought the end was so near. He leaves a
widow and two children, to whom we address all our
sympathies. :

An Easy Way of Making One Hundred
Pounds Sterling a Year.
BIRDS AND MAMMALS.
By Mr. Walter Burton.

If a powerful billed bird, such as a cockatoo, is
wounded lay the barrel of the gun across the neck,
and press the bird to the ground with the hand until
dead, this also in the case of herons, which are
dangerous if only winged ; eagles if wounded require
careful handling, lay the barrel across the neck with
one hand, holding the feet with the other, and press
them with the knee to the ground, this will kill the
bird without damaging the plumage, and beware of the
claws of hawks and owls, they are exceedingly sharp
and poisonous.

I now come to the process of skinning and
“making up” the birds into skins, premising my
description with the remark that if it is possible to
get a lesson from a professional taxidermist before
starting it will be found a great help, but to those so
situated that they cannot profit by this instruction I
hope I can make myself understood in the manner in
which I explain the process, it 1s exactly the way in
which I work myself. and in which I have had a life-
long, experience, some thousands of birds having been
through my hands in England and abroad, and for
which I have gained much praise from scientific
naturalists. To proceed, the tools requisite for the
proper “making up ” of the skins, the most useful next
to the knife or scalpel is a pair of straight scissor-
forceps, such as are used by surgeons for polypus of
the nose, about seven inches long, a scalpel for small,
a knife for large birds, two pairs of scissors, large and
small, a pair of spring tweezers, needles, cotton,
thread, pins, cottonwool, tow, arsenical soap and some
pine boxwood sawdust as used by jewellers, and ground
alum for large birds, any of these instruments of
course can be duplicated for a very lengthened stay.

: The easiest bird to commence practice with here in
England is the common starling, having a good tough
skin of his own; unpractised fingers will not be so
liable to injure as with a more tender skinned bird.

Remove the cotton-wool that was pushed into the
throat when shot, and break the wing bones as close
to the body as possible, lay the bird on a table or
anything that is about that height, sometimes I have
skinned the bird laid on my knee whilst sitting on the
ground, take the length on a rule marked in inches
and tenths from tip of bill to end of tail-feathers ; with
the bill pointing to the left, part the feathers of the

breast with the left thumb and forefinger, and make
an incision with the knife from near the top of the
keel of the breast bone to near the anus, part the
skin from the body by pushing with the handle of the
knife, holding the skin by the left forefinger on both
sides until the legs are exposed to view, cut through
the joint first seen on either side and skin round the
back a little further, using some of the sawdust dusted
on the body and feathers round the opening, then
push the skin over the breast when the broken wings
will be seen, cut through both and through the neck
close to the body, using plenty of the sawdust to soak
up and prevent any moisture from the body soiling
the feathers, then the body can be removed altogether
by skinning down the back, and cutting off at the base
of the tail, not too close to the root of the tail-feathers,
lay the body aside for the present, skin the thigh, and
clean the thigh bone of all flesh, the easiest way is to
cut through the thinnest part, cutting the sinews and
stripping up to the joint where first cut through, and
cut the joint and flesh right away, brush a little arsenical
soap on the bone and skin, and wrap around the bone
enough cotton-wool to make up to the size of the
flesh taken away and return the leg to its normal
position, repeat with the other, then with the wings,
skin down to the first joint from the body and cut
away the flesh, tie a piece of cotton on each stump
of bone, and return the wings to their proper places
after brushing a little soap on the bone, take hold of the
neck in the right hand and strip down the skin with
the left forefinger and thumb until the base of the skull
appears ; then come the ears, which dig out with the
point of the knife, taking care not to cut the skin. Skin
on until the eyes are reached, being extremely careful
not to cut the eyelid, which is a great detriment to
the look of the skin when finished, or to cut into the
eyeball, which take out with the handle of the knife.
Skin right down to the bill, and cut the base of the
skull right away, but not the joint of the mandibles,
which just miss, then with the scissors cut the flesh
from between the lower mandible with the tongue
right to the top of the skull, when all the flesh and
brains will come away together. ‘Then with a brush
cover with arsenical soap and turn right side out, the
feathers will look rather rough at first, but with a little
shaking and manipulating the feathers will all come
into their right places. ‘Take the two ends of the cotton
which were tied to the stumps of the wing bones and
tie them together, leaving the natural width of the
back. Between the cotton and the skin of the back
place a small piece of cotton wool, which gives a nice
level back to the skin. With the scissor-forceps take a
piece of cotton-wool, about the size of the eye taken
out, and insert up the neck through the skull into the
orbital space, then with a piece of cotton-wool or tow
somewhere about the size of the original body and
neck, with the scissor-forceps fill out the neck and
body, making the neck rather short. A good plan where
practicable is to have a bird in the flesh lying before
you, and so make the skin as near like it as possible.
Then with a needle and cotton proceed to sew up
the incision first made, beginning at the vent and
finishing off at the breast, a few stitches will suffice,
and the two edges of the skin need not be drawnclose
together, as the feathers will cover the open space.
Then arrange the feathers of the breast with spring

32 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[April 1, 1891.

tweezers, and pricking up the feathers with a needle,
tie the legs together, crossed, turn the bird on its
breast, and regulate the feathers of the back with the
spring tweezers, placing the wing-coverts in their
proper places. Makea cylinder of paper, the size of the
* bird, to keep the wings in position and the feathers
from being rough, push the skin in head-foremost,
seeing that all the feathers are in place as it goes in ;
now is the time to finish with the original body taken
out, it is necessary in cases where both sexes of birds
do not differ in outward appearance that dissection 1s
resorted to to find out their individual sex, in fact, in
all cases it is as well that this should be done, as
young males are usually very much like females, and
females will sometimes assume the plumage of the
male ; the testes in the male are found at the middle
of the back, appearing as two little white, black, or
black and white specks, the ovaries in the female in
the same place, but on the left-hand side like a small
bunch of grapes, in the breeding season these organs
are very much larger, in the females the egg with shell
will sometimes be found ; when this is done the body
may finally be disposed of, either thrown away or
relegated to the pot if good for eating, as the process
of skinning does not at all in.erfere with its use for
gastronomic purposes ; a small label should be tied to
the leg of the skin with the sex marked on one side,
and a number corresponding to the journal on the
other ; then put away to dry. Imay mention here
that care is necessary to keep the feathers, especially
the small feathers of the head and neck as smooth as
is possible, which through the skin being turned
inside out are sometimes very rough.

(Zo be continued.)

Reports on the March Public Sale of Ostrich-
and Osprey Feathers, Bird Skins, etc.

The sale of Ostrich feathers lasted two days.

In all, 1405 cases Cape were offered and 1334
cases sold.

There was an advance of about ten per cent.
all round.

The quantity sold realized £72,000.

The next sales are fixed for Monday, 13th of
April. Last receiving day, 21st March.

White Primes, 1st, 2nd and 3rd, were sold from
£6 to £16 according to quality.

White Femina from 46 5 oto £11 10 o.; black
from 20s. to £8. ; Drab, 125. 6d. to £6 10s.; Floss,
18s. to 505.; Spadonas, 50s. to £6 15.; Boos
white, 50s. to 925. 67.; Boos femina and Drabs, 35s.
to 65s.

The sale of Osprey, Peacock feathers and Bird
Skins took place on the 6th of March. ‘There was a
good attendance and a great competition for vod
qualities of Long and Short Osprey feathers. Red
and Brown Herons were steady, Birds of Paradise
increased 2s. per skin for good quality. Bird Skins
were very dull. Long Osprey, 195. to 27s. per oz. ;
Medium, 225. to 29s. ; Short selected, 615. to £5. ,
White Paddy, 16s. 64. to 255.; Grey Paddy, ras. to
145. ; Peacock feathers, Eyes, 247. to 54. per bundle;
Impeyan Pheasant fetched 6s., Red Argus Pheasants,

25. 2d.; Parrots, various, 14. to 2d.; Indian birds,
various, about 14% each; Birds of Paradise, Male,
145. to 16s.; females, 115. to 145. 3d.; many wires,
195. 6d. ; green and king birds of paradise, 15. 6d.
to 1s. 9@; Regents, 3s. 64.; Red Tanagers, 8d;
Blue Creepers, 64¢.; Orange Tanagers, 6d.; Seven
Colored Finches, 1017. ; Various Finches, 24. to 4d.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. will be happy to
execute commissions for gentlemen who cannot
attend the sales.

Reports on February and March Public
Sales of Postage Stamps.

Messrs. Cheveley & Co. continued their sixteenth
sale on Saturday, February 14th, which consisted of
a very fine collection of English stamps, collected by
Mr. Westoby. Some varieties reached very good
prices, a list of which we give hereunder.

Great Britain, 1d. black, V.R. unused, £6 15. ;
142. Lilac Rose, block of four, unused, 355.; 34.
small letters, plate 3, with secret mark, unused and
imperf., with original gum, £38.; 14. red, Archer Rou-
lette, unused, 65s5.; 1s. Octagon, unused, original
gum, 485. 4d., no letters, small garter carmine on
blue, unused, very rare, 60s. 44. small letters, plate
4, imperf., unused, original gum, 445. 9d. small
letters, plate 3, with hair lines in angles, used, 415.

Messrs. Cheveley & Co. lightning like held their
seventeenth sale on Saturday, March 7th, the best
lots realized good prices.

Cape of Good Hope woodblock, error, mended at
one corner, £26 10. Woodblock td., red, 26s.
Confederate States, Charlestown, entire envelope, 5
cents on white, used, 32s. Same on yellow paper, used,
one corner off, 25s. Same on gold paper, used, flaps
all cut off, 275 6d. Knoxville, entire envelope, 5 c.,
dull sap green on cream wove paper, used, 5os., the
same on pale green, fancy paper, used, 46s.; two
shades of same on very thin bluish wove paper, both
unused, 235. Lynchburg, entire envelope, 5 c¢.,
black, used, the stamp had been cut out and then re-
placed, 50s. Dominican Republic (1865) value
reading downwards + rl. pale green, fine, 72s. 6d. ;
same issue, 1 rl. straw, £6 10. Great Britain, 104.
brown, and strip of four 14. red on blue paper, im-
perf., all unused and original gum, 135. (B. P. & Co.)
Hanover: 10 gr. green (two shades), 38s. India,
2 a. green, a fine used specimen, 4os. Mauritius :
large fillet, 2d. blue (mended). £5 5s. Naples: 4
tornese, Arms, slightly mended, £4. Arms £ grano
and 50 grani, 27s. New Brunswick, rs. violet, fine
copy, but poor margin, £4 17 6. Newfoundland,
6d. vermilion, 20s; ditto but pen cancelled, 145.
New South Wales, laureated, 87. yellow, 34s. New
Zealand ‘‘N.Z.” wmk. 14. vermillion unused 16s.
Oldenburg, 157 issue, complete set, 18s. Prussia, entire
envelope. 7s. gr. vermillion,small size, used, rare, 558.
Schleswig Holstein: 1st issue, 1 sch. blue, (two shades)
and 2 sch, rose, all unused, 46s. United States, 1860,
15, 24, 30 and go C., 278.3 1851, 5 C., imperf., very
fine, unsevered pair, 15s. Victoria ‘Registered
Stamp, rouletted, 32s.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co., will be happy to
execute commissions for gentlemen who cannot

attend the Sales.

April 1, 1891] THE HUMMING BIRD. |

BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO.

NATURALISTS AND FEATHER MERCHANTS,

225, High Holborn, London, W.C., England.
COMMISSION. EXPORTATION.

Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural
History, Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all
orders pinned and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ;
Grustacee and Arachnidæ in spirit; Ethnological collections from all parts; Showy Bird Skins and
Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for
Artificial Florists ; Rare old Stamps, used and unused ; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, etc.,
etc., etc.

All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottier
& Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best
prices for them.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. beg to advise Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they
undertake to stuff from a Humming Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices. Only experienced and
scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for that work, which will always be of the best class.

An inspection of their Galleries, where a large number of specimens are always on show, is solicited.

Special fabrication of Mammats and Birps Eyes at wholesale prices which defy all competition, either
as quality or price. See special Advertisement.

New Sranps ror Birps, suitable for Museums and Scientific Institutions. No one should be without

them. The appearance of the Birds on these stands is unequalled, and everyone should adopt them and
renovate the old ones. See Advertisement.

TO PLUMASSIERS AND FEATHER MERCHANTS.

Lots of PLUMES and BIRD SKINS, consigned to the Naturguist’s Aczncy Orrice and for sale.
ALL THE SKINS ARE OF FIRST QUALITY.

1 Lot of 12 Rifle Birds from Australia (magnificent skins) 1 lot de 12 Paradis gorge d’acier de l'Australie (peaux splen-
» Price £13 4 O dides ... ak Prix 330 fr.
1 ,, ,, 12 Regent Birds (very fine ay cen pean ONO tds EN 2 Regents d: Nantralies res belles PESTE .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Mock Regents ... od pac . £6 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Faux Régents de … 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 60 Sterna minuta ... ono ABA «w- £7 0 0/1 ,, ,, 60 Sterna minuta 560 900 … 175 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Sterna various ... 200 ae .. £4 0 O0 | L ,, ,, 50Sternes variées … ae 080 … 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Fire back Pheasants... re COMMON ON TE SE 50 Ithapines 9... 125 fr.
1 ,, ,, 10 Red and Black Argus ... ne … £4 0 0)1 ,, ,, 10 Argus satyres à ventre rouge et à à | ventre
MOTS 508 nea .… 100 fr.
,» » 6 0Z. Long Osprey .. eus DOM OMON 1. 55,5) Groz: Aigrette longue ... ove 225 fr.
,»» » 20 skins Short Osprey, selected ae .. £8 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 20 Peaux Aigrette crosse, 1ère) qualité 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 Red Osprey, flat skins ... aes .. £3 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 20 Aigrette rouge, peaux plates 950 doo 1/8) 1
1 ,, ,, 20 Long Tailed Trojans ... .. £20 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 20 Couroucous a longue queue ce 500 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 ditto from Columbia (splendid skins) … £8 0 0) 1 ,, ,, 20 ditto de la Colombie, peaux de ler choix
et bien preparées … Se … 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Cock of Rock, 1st choice 000 … £10 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Coqs de roche, ler choix ... nae … 250 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 Red Paradise birds, sound skins .… £10 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 20 Paradis rouge, peaux rondes S08 ... 250 fr.
1 ,, ,, 100 Rollers, flat skins nee .. £4 0 0) 1 ,, ,, 100 Rolliers, peaux plates 60 .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 100 King Fishers ... … £6 0 0) 1 ,, ,, 100 Martins pécheurs, peaux plates... … 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 100 Sea Snipes, various, fine skins .. £4 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 100 Becassines Pluviers, etc., belles peaux... 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Sea Gulls.- at Bus … £3 0 0/1 | ,, 50 Goelands et Mouettes set 005 TO ETS
1 ,, ,, 2 Golden Turkey, fine skins aa .. £6 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 2 Dindons ocellés, belles peaux ire … 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 10 Goura Pidgeon from N. Guinea ‘© … £6 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 10 Pigeons Goura de la N. Guinée ... … 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Wild Pidgeons ... fee cet . £4 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Pigeons sauvages ... 000 aco … 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 20 Small Bustard ... Rs Ae en ANON ON Lo S20) Petites) Outardes) <.- wes Sen ..- 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 25 African Red Partridge ... ae … £2 0 O0 | L ,, ,, 25 Perdrix d'Afrique ... oss ee SOO Nir:
1 ,, ,, 50 Californian Quails bed aed . £3 0 011 ,, ,, 50 Colins de la Californie ... sk TONI
1 ,, ,, 20 Mandarin Ducks a ae … £4 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 20 Canards mandarins aed ee .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Hawks, various Sele HAE .. £5 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Oiseaux de proie, divers ... JS oo LT
1 ,, ,, 50 Large Owls Le Le SL … £6 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Grandes Chouettes ies oe ee 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Owls, medium. ... oH at … £2 0 O0 |1 ,, ,, 50 Chouettes moyennes Ws a .. 60 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Scops as ARE pe sas … £6 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Chouettes Scops ... ae 52e TD ONNT:
1°,, ,, 20 Barn Owls és ale Ae … £8 0 O0 |! 1 ,, ,, 20 Chouettes Effraies... O00 Bes ... 200 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Parrots, various. 660 ie … £4 0 0 | L ,, ,, 50 Perruches diverses. di sie … 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Grey King Fishers 260 . £6 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Martin Pécheurs gris 3 Ses ... 150 fr.
1 ,, ,, 50 Mexican Jays, new to Plumaseiers . £8 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Geais du Mexique (nouveauté) ... 200 fr.
1 ., ,, 25 Mexican Wood Peckers.. sae … £210 0/1 ,, ,, 25 Pics a Baguettes ... bee ae 62 fr. 50 c.
1 ,, ,, 50 Golden Oriole ... is ae .. £4 0 0)1 ,, ,, 50 Orioles, dorés a, je Shs … 100 fr
1 ,, ,, 50 Shrikes ... cc was £210 0/1

50 Pie Griéches sit AS ee 62 fr. 5Q

.

v1 THE HUMMING BIRD. | April x, 1891

1 Lot of 100 Hoopoces - ... no ... Price £6 0 0 | 1 lot de 100 Huppes ... 960 do PT OUT
1 ,, ,, 50 Wax Wings SBS c00 606 Lo) OOM ple) oe o0laseuns 208 600 oss sae Se Fonte
1 ., ,, 50 African Humming ah abe boo 28) 0) D th gy 2 ED Sim 5 ves de boa) G0) tite
1 ,, ,, 100 Blue Creepers ... aes ee .. £5 0 0/1 ,, ,, 100 Guit guits a tête bleue Doc wae con D re
1 ,, ,, 50 Green Creepers .. 600 000 OA 0) Of RE 55 GO Comey eS WET © de ves ee soa. ED
1 ,, ,, 50 Red Tanagers ... 566 eee LOMO El GT Tree rouges ... bb we 62 fr. 50 c.
1 ,, ,, 100 Yellow and Black Tanagers se … £4 0 0/1 ,, ,, 100 Tangaras noirs et jaunes nab ong IA(GUO) sire,
1 ,, ,, 50 Five Coloured Taragers Goo CL ONO So 0TanParas quintiColo LE co .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 100 Tanagers, various 000 5 CA OURO MES SO Tan garasidiversm-r. ise Do Do 0) 1
1 ,, ,, 50 Mexican Starlings ee ae eo. Ol On| le tee DOPEtourneatxad ur RME de es Goo SS ave,
1 ,, ,, 100 European Starlings ... sae pee) OmnOm lee ree lOO Sam sOnn els re ate ie OUT
1 ,, ,, 25 Blue Jays... ae ade ee NE 2 (Oem Onn NT ER EP no onGeals| 5 hele Sa poo asd) ane,
1 ,, ,, 50 Alpine Crows... a wae Pee) Ole Om Galt eee to OnConbeatux des ‘Alpes oe we cos OO) site,
1 ,, ,, 50 Metallic Starlings 458 ae .. £4 0 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Merles Métalliques bleus ... Re + LOOM?
1 ,, ,, 50 Large New Guinea Pitta Poe .. £8 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Grandes Bréves, de la N: Guinée bon AUD) ar
1 ,, ,, 25 Royal Fly Catchers 2 see eo) COMMON TO 8s) Gobennouche soya Uxqusuen Be soo LDS tt
1 ,, ,, 50 Fly Catchers, various ... ae .. £2 0 O | 1 ,, ,, 50 Gobe mouches divers Rae ae 00. AU) IR
1 ,, ,, 50 Yellow-Headed Manakins pn .. £15 0 | L ,, ,, 50 Manakins à tête jaune … 8s 36 fr. 25 ¢.
1 ,, , 50 Red and Black ditto... HE .. £1 5 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Manakins à téterouge … ae 36 fr. 25 c.
eel Gost Suckersies a bie -. £2 0 01 ,, ,, 20 Engoulevents as Ae nie omits
1 ,, ,, 100 Swallows wee ate God .. £4°0 011 ,, ,, 100 Hirondelles ia ee ae LOOM:
1 ,, ,, 10 Bower birds DE ee eee) TOM OMS EM TDIOiSeaux ER tines men. nee a 62 fr. 50 c.
i ,, ,, 100 Green Humming, all males Pee .. £210 O | 1 ,, ,, 100 Oiseaux mouches Verts, tous mâles 62 fr. 50 c.
1 ,, ,, 100 Amethyste Humming... … … £4 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 100 Clarisses et Parzudaki ... vee .… 100 fr.
1 ,, ,, 100 Large Humming a oat … £210 0 | 1 ,, ,, 100 Grands Oiseaux mouches divers 62 fr. 50c.
1 ,, ,, 50 Ruby Topaz Humming... Ba .. £210 O0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Rubis Topazes fe fe 136 62 fr. 50 c.
1 ,, ,, 25 Long Blue Tail Humming LR COM Oem ON EI oO KENES : pau odo) dia rite
1 ,, ,, 10 Fire TailHumming ... awe SCI O RON er nO i Saphossou Queues de feu .. be ooo | BD) ie
1 ,, ,, 50 Long Tail Humming, various ... … £4 0 0/1 ,, ,, 50 Oiseaux Mouches à longue queue soo UO) se,
à JUST ARRIVED, DECEMBER, 1890.
1 Lot of 5 Magnificent Fire back Pheasant; quite new 1 ,, ,, 100 Hoopooes Price £6 0 0
to Plumassiers (A Spuenpip Bir») Price £8 0 0 | 1 ,, ,, 50 Indian Crows £7 0 0
1 ,, ,, 25 Macaws, flat skins Be 0 0

YO ARTIFICIAL FLORISTS, JEWELLERS, etc.
Bere Gabino NS Curis

1 Lot of 25,000 Blue beetles ... bo .. Price:£4 0 O | 1 Lot de 25,000 Hoplies bleues Prix (0X0) tie,
1 ,, ,, 25,000 Green ,, large ... fie . £5 0 0] 1 ,, ,, 25,000 Grandes Chrysomèles Vertes DS NDS soe,
TE es ag ADD 2 np SODEMUL Soe Fe AMEN), Oh ab AS OOOO) Parties STONES ee OORins
Te gg PBLOOO IUD 5, sco Ped 2 .. £8 0 O0! 1 ,, ,, 25,000 Chrysoméles violettes aa ee 20 0h:
1 ,, ,, 1000 Golden Phaneus 600 woe CIO lO On le OOO; Phaneusidornes ie de ste IE OM
I TD NEA LEE ne Be a5 CE OO MIN 5000 Hannetons Ao aa sos, 2 AWOYO) ace
- 1 ,, ,, 1000 Golden Antichira ... AiG .. £10 0 0} 1: ,, ,, 1000 Petits Hannetons Fert dorés at soa 94510) abt
1 ,, ,, 1000 Large Green Buprests Le CL OO RE O0 0IGrands PA vert dorés ... eae LOOM:
1 ,, ,, 1000 Golden Buprests sa was .. £4 0 0] 1 ,, ,, 1000 Buprestes dorés. de aoa pee LOO Rts
1 ,, ,, 500 Ocellated Buprests …, I … £5 0 0] 1 ,, ,, 500 Buprestes ocellés.. ae 45 Bon) 2 DRE
1 ,, ,, 50 Diamond Beetles dia dae Lo 0-0) TN 5 150 Chareucons dorés. Fe tas ws. 125 fr.
1 ,, ,, 500 Brazilian Golden Cacides … evs © ©} ts 3. GOO Cheesy sc ac Sie eee LOO:
Teng py LOO Butterflies from West Africa in papers £4 0 O0 1 ,, ,, 500 Papilléns d’ Afrique ec a … 100 fr.

DAC BOUCARD’S INSECTICIDE POWDER

OF THE

against MITES, INSECT LARVZ etc.
P R | C E D U al E N S | L S Wholesale and Retail.

NECESSARY FOR COLLECTING

REPTILES, FISHES, INSECTS, nue, etc.

Success guaranteed ——
This new Powder is of easy use, not dangerous to manipu-

Benzine bottle 1s. Od. | late, and a good disinfectant against CHoLEri morsus and all
Tin box for collecting Inceets, ‘from . 000 me 1s. 6d. | Erinemic DISEASES.

Bottle … MES cat Et ume ee Os) SU rane ohne Se aie age 5
Glass tubes or phials, doz. ... ... .. «Is, Od. estroys immediately all vermine, such as Furas, Bues,
Digger ... be we abe Bs 28, 6d. | Mrtes, Lanvæ or Deruustgs, etc.

Butterfly nets, from... ice ae tay) 1s: 6de Sixpence for a trial packet of one ounce. It lasts a long
Sweeping and water, nets from gi ed nh 2s. 6d. | time, a small quantity being necessary each time.

Umbrella for Insects, from de as ay 8s. Od. : : :

Cork in boards, per doz., from ay Fe M Qs. 6d. Trades supplied at a Liberal’ discount.

Pins for Insects, per thousand, from ré ae ls. 6d. No House OoUGHT To BE WITHOUT IT.

Pill boxes, per gross, from... 200 020 B06 4s. Od. Once tried, always used !

Corked boxes for Insects, from ae sie bis 1s. 6d.

Wooden box same size an ails des whe LENOIR Tr cr Te memes: EEE TU
Boucard’s Insecticide, per oz. ate dde Med Os. 6d.

Flax, per pound ge ales ae ae Os. 6d. COCOA BU TTER.
Cotton-wadding, per sheet... aie re Sat Os. 6d. . a pure

Nippers, from ... so eat ete 1g, 6d: Mr pure. | ;
Fishing rods with accessory, from PE 2s. 6d. Very useful to soften the skin, a preservative against

Other Utensils for collecting Mammals, B irds, ete., are to be | Onaren Hanps and Cxtiausins and a remedy for Cus, Burns,
obtained at the Naturalist’s Agency, 225, High Holborn, | etc. etc.
London, W. C. Sold in cakes, Sixpence and one shilling.

2

April x, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD.

MONTHLY LIST OF STAMPS.

STAMPS (continued). 8.

Great Britain (1840), 1d. black, fine copy
0 (1840), 1d red on bluish paper unused

d.
2
9
PND SEE 60 1840, 10d. brown, uncut fine copy 2 6
im do. do. do. unused 15 0
A 1863, pink, unused 3 6
FOR SALE. A clilacsn ago. 3 0
Ab Glo 1867, 3d. rose, wmk. spray plate 6 unused 5 0
884, £1, oblong 3 6
Brazil, 1843, ieee figure 60. R fine copy... DRE 1
4 set of 8 Gov. Parcels 4 0
British Bechuanaland, 1881, pe Ne surcharge … : EL RE ae Lan ol a
i Us surcharge 4 ” ,, 34 black and lake x 15e
i OT do. me 4 4d. on 2s. orange, black and green . 1 6
4 ee de ue ee TN India, 1854, 4 Annas, blue and red, uncut ... Oo 2 6
is fees tr pats Neon yO , 1866, 6, a, Provisional lilac and green Ist type à 6
iti Te 9. 2 d 9 i do. do. do. do. do 2nd type 0
British Columbia, 1868 ue es ei. brown, unuse ee à D en de 2
British Guiana, 1863, 24 cents. green . 6 | New South Wales, 1851, 3d. on blue paper fine copy 5 0
5 1889, 1 cent. black aud purple é 9 ” 1854, 3d. on white paper . 3 6
» 2 cents do. do. a T2 OUR 1856, 6d. sere, grey brown n impert
Fe do. withred2 ~~. is 6 grand copy . 3 0
es » 8 cents black and purple Lo ” 1860, 3d. green, wmk., 3. 6
set of 4 for pe 49. 10 » » 3d, green, wmk., 6. 2 0
1 cent on 1 dollar ek 9 D 1864, 2d. blue wmk. single line 2° 4
4 UT fer Ode 9 of p do. double line 2 ... Ode iO
ig eda lok SE ass ENE Pa) 9 5, do. double line 5 .., 3 9
ay ATs ee Pa 1 3 | New Zealand, 1863, 1s. green fine copy 9
2 4 A ol 4 0 | Norway, 1870, 1 Krone, green ... 6
he 2 do. carmine 060 6
u
Prue Hondas RS » à | Oldenburg, 1859, 1 Gr. black on blue ... 18
pe de) HENCC and!crownll 1 6 | Queensland, 1882, £1 green a RP cn ()
Canada 34. oblong, fine copy ... T0 6d. yellow, Registered unused... due MK) AND)
Cape of Good Hope, 4d. blue triangular, fine copy - 6 Russia, 1864, su aR CTLOL ooo tee tee 1 2
Ceylon, 1857, 2d. green unused 4s., used . i @ ierra Leone, 1876, 6d. mauve .
1861, 5d. brown, 2 6 | Siam, Piet Att, 2 Atts, 4 Atts and 16 “Atts and set of as
i £ 4 use
» 1864, 39 HR unused 94., used 2 South Australia, 1859, 1 yellow, roul . 3G
5 PU Ed green ANT 1 3 | Tasmania, 1870, 1d. wmk. 10 ... : 2 6
i. 6d. brown, Ob ose 193} ” » 2d. wmk.2 … 1 0
10d. orange-red, , 3a Kor! 1 3 - 1882, Fiscal Postals 3d. brown Tr
at ge D des nano Me noe 1 0 | Turks Islands, 1d. dull rose, wmk. star 1 0
Ÿ ETAT eee Stee ota “1 g | Urugay, set of 4, surcharged Official ... DO
k : 8d. brown, . 68., Me bi 2 6 | Victoria, 1873, 10d. slate bo 506 4 0
‘ , 28. blue, 20) 1
», One Rupee Twelve Cents in words on (2 R, 50 cents) Au : M ANTED. Silly
, Service Postage, 1d. black and blue sd 2 6 Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to
Costa Rica, set of 5 for ... he, Ae 8 | which none have been added since the last 20 years.
Faridhot, set of 37, different ... de 2216 Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-
France. 1852, 10 centimes, buff, fine copy cn … 8 6.| ally Colonials and old German states.
Gibraltar, 10 centimes on 1d. unused .. : oA 6 Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.
e 25 do. Oia als NOT used . me 20 Old unused English and Colonials.
25 do tion 21d'iusedé. aie se 4 Old works on stamps.
re 75 do. on 1g. unused i He 2 0 Proofs of stamps, etc. etc.
TO ETHNOLOGISTS. TO MUSEUMS, ETHNOLOGISTS, etc
FOR SALE.
Foie lve aie RQ pence end. RON ROM sow Sines Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America
African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s. from 6d.
Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very Statuettes representing the Indians of Mexico and Guatemala
Price 30s. each. from 3s.

nicely carved

Pagaie from New Guinea, made of palm tree Price 30s.

Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what
appears to be Musicians, two large figures in the centre and
six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is
quite unique, and no Museum in the world pores anything
like it Price £50.

A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central
America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, etc. from 5s.

Hats, Baskets, Mats and various Objects made with pal
leaves and various textile plants; from Central America, Mada
gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.

Samples of Tewtile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal

Plants, ete. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.
Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from Ig.
Ete., etc., etc.

TO BE LET
OR SOLD.

‘Several: Splendid VILLAS, with Beautiful Gardens, :

at SAN REMO, the well known Winter Resort,

40 minutes from MONTE CARLO.
Apply at the Office of the Journal.

Vill

THE HUMMING BIRD.

| April x, 1891

MR. ADOLPHE BOUCARD

NATURALIST,

‘Corresponding Member of the Royal Zoological Society of London, de la Commission Scientifique
du Mexique à Paris, &c., &c.

Now Ready, t

the Second Edition of

A Series of Pictorial Diagrams and dlatural Specimens,

ILLUSTRATIVE OF

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY, ZOOLOGY, BOTANY,

GEOLOGY and MINERALOGY.

Adopted by the London School Board and all the principal Colleges of England.

‘The Series contains 20 sheets, 18in. by 24 in., comprising 166 Diagrams of Animals and Plants,

life size, beautifully printed in colours,

and 37 Natural Specimens, of Woods and Minerals, neatly
mounted on very stout cardboard, with rings for hanging on the wall.

LA

The Set Complete, with Handbook, in a Strong Box, 32s., Varnished, 40s.

Handbook separate, Price 4s., paper; 4s. 6d., cloth.
TO BE HAD ONLY
High He Rene:

225,

*,* The usual Discount to Schools and the Trade
AT

London, W.C.

FOR SALE. *

TO BOOKSELLERS | AND © OTHERS.

Boucard. Catelogus Avium, English or French preface, Syste-
matic Classification of Birds, 8s. instead of 12s.
Catalogue of Birds, published by the British Museum.
Vol. 1 to 6inclusive. The first three Volumes are out of

print. Price £10.
Hand List of Birds, Gray, published by the British Museum.
3 vol. 8vo. Price 25s.
Guide pour collecter, préparer et expédier des Collections
d'histoire naturelle. ils,
Guia para colectar, conservar y despachar Colecciones de
historia natural. Is.

Petit Atlas d’Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
les plus connus, dessinés d’après nature par Martinet,
Paris, 1784.

1 Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition. Contents :

Mpitre à Buffon, Tableau général du classement des Oiseaux

divisés d’après Buffon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou

Familles. 150 splendid coloured plates par Martinet. Exceed-
ingly rare. £50.

America, by John Ogilby Esq., London, 1671. Grand in folio,
675 pages, 121 splendid Engravings and Maps. £30.

Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, ete., by Don Antonio Solis,
Brusselas, 1741.

1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Engravings and Maps.
1 to 9 slightly stained.

Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva Espana, by Rev.
Bernardino de Sahagun, con notas y suplementos, por
Carlos Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in
4to., uncut. £5.

Historia de las Conquistas de Hernande Cortez, por Francisco
Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas y addiciones, por Carlos
Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. in 4to, 315 pp.

£2

Pages
£20.

Tezcoco en los ultimos tiempos de sus antiguos Reyes.
Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos de Boturini y redac-
tados por el Lic. Mariano Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol-
16mo, 276 pages. 622

Catecismo y Declaracion de la Doctrina Christiana en lengua
OTOMI, con un Vocabulario del mismo idioma, por el

Admission to Royal Aquarium.
Price S Guineas

D. R. conten Stichtelyke Rymen, by M. Mathieu, Rot-
£2:

terdam, 1688. 1 Vol. in 8vo., 680 pages.

Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno Catecismo impreso
en el idioma MEXICANO, por un Sacerdote devoto de la
Madre santissima de la Luz, etc.

Puebla, 1819. 1 Vol., 67 double pages, one side in Mexican,
the other in Spanish. £2 10
Various Calendarios Mexicanos, 1850 to 1860. 2s. each.

STANDS, NEW STYLE.

Wholesale Price.
No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per hundred
» 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s. 8

» 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. he
» 4 ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small

Hawks at 32s. 3
» 5 5, Small Hawks to Large Hawks

and Owls at 40s. ds

ARTIFICIAL EYES,
Wholesale Price.

Black Coloured Cornered eed
per gross per doz.pairs per doz. pairs
No.lto4 6d. Is. 6d. No.4to6 3s. 6d. 4s. 6d.
1» Oop 8 eel 2s. 6d. » 7, 8 5s. 0d. 6s. Od.
1 95,10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. ie 6s. Od. 8s: Od.
» 11 2s.0d. 5s. 6d. » 10 7s. 0d. 9s. Od.
» 12 2s.3d. 7s. Od. bell emcs UE 10s. Od.
» 13 2s.6d. 10s. 0d. EUGENE 11s. Od.
doz. of pairs

» 14 38s.0d. 1s. 6d. » 13 10s. 0d. 12s. Od.
» 15 3s.6d. 2s. 6d. 5p les Silas Wels 13s. Od.
» 16 4s.0d. 2s. 6d. » 15 18s: 0d. 15s. 0d.

» 17 8s.0d. 3s. Od. Larger sizes can be made

» 18 12s.0d. 4s. Od. to order.
Nr. 1 to 4 are gocd for humming birds and others up to
the size of Tanagers.
No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies.
No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls,

R. P. Joaquin Lopez Yepes, Mexico, 1826. 1 Vol. in 4to, No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, ete.
254 pages. £4, No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc.
oe
LONDON : Published by A. BOUCARD, at 225, High Holborn, W.C.; and Printed at J.S. LEYIN'S Steam Printins Works, 75, Leadenhall Street, H.C.

April 1, 1891.

(x | The

A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

VOL, NO.5. | May 1, 1891. | PRICE SIXPENCE,

Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ; all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.
All other countries, 6 shillings.

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

NRA DOLPE EC BOUCARD,

NATURALIST,
Officier d’Académie, 1878; Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;
Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1865;

de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l'Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1889 ;
Member of the International Jury, Paris, 1889 ; Member of many scientific societies ;
ete. etc. etc. etc.

CONTENTS OF No. 5.

MAY 1, 1891.

THE McKINLEY BILL; ov, THE UNITED | BoucarD’s PRIVATE COLLECTIONS OF COLEOPTERA
STATES’ CUSTOMS TARIFF. In Two AND SHELLS FOR SALE.
Parts. List or PITTIDAE FOR SALE.
Part I.—FREE List. List OF STUFFED BIRDS FOR SALE..
Part I].—List OF ALL DUTIABLE OBJECTS. MonNTHLY LIST OF STAMPS FOR SALE, ELC. ETC.
RE Xe)

[ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.]

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[May x, 1891.

FOR SALE.—Shells.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.
LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE SHELLS.

Glandinidæ, 1s. each. Helicidæ, 64. each. Bulimidæ
15. each. Achatinidæ, 1s. each. Chlindrellidæ, 15. 6d.
each. Clausilidæ, 34. each. Ampularidæ, 64. each.
Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclosto-
nidæ, 64. each. Helicinidæ, 3d. each. Unio,
Anodonta, and Ostrea, 64. each.

Marine Shells— 4/7 the Collection including
Argonyuta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa,
Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra, Conus, Sfrombus,
Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo,
Venus, Cardium, &c., 6d. each.

Can be divided if required.

All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office.

Insects Coleoptera.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.

Cicindelidæ, including types of Oxygonia,
Boucardi Chev, Cincindela costaricensis and others,
2s.each. Carabidæ, including many types, 1s. each.
Dytiscidæ, 64. each. Staphylinidæ, 34. each.

Pselaphidæ, Gnostidæ, Paussidæ, Scydmaenidæ,
Silphidæ, Scaphididæ, Histeridæ, Nitidulidæ, Trog-
ositidæ, Rhyssodidæ, Cueujide, Cryptophagide,
Derodontidæ, Latrididæ, Mycetophagidæ, Dermestidæ
Byrrhidæ, Parnidæ, and Heteroceridæ, 34. each.
Lucanidæ and Passalidz, including many types, ts.
each. Copridæ, 64. each. Melolonthidæ, 64. each,
Rutelidæ, including all the types of Plusiotis,
- Chrysina, Heterosternus, 25. each. Scarabæidæ, ts.
each. Cetonidæ, 1s. each. Buprestidæ, 1s. each.
Trixagidæ, Monommidæ, Eucnemidæ, and Elateridæ,
6d. each. Cebrionidæ. Rhipidoceridz, Dascillidæ,
and Malacodermidæ, 34 each. Cleridæ, 64. each.
Lymexilonidæ, Cupesidæ, Ptinidæ, Bostrychidæ, and
Cioidæ, 34. each. Tenebrionidæ, 34. each. Nilion-
idæ, Pythidæ, Melandryidæ, Lagriide, Pedilidæ.
Anthicinæ, Pyrochroidz, Mordellidæ, and Rhipidoph-
oridæ, 34. each. Cantharidæ, 67. each. Cephaloidee,
Oedemeridæ, and Mycteridæ, 34. each. Curculionidæ
and Scolytidæ, 34. each. Brenthidæ and Anthotribidæ,
6d. each. Cerambycidæ, 1s. each : Bruchidæ, 34. each.
Chrysomelidæ, 34. each. Cassididæ, 64. each.
Languridæ and Erotylidæ, 64. each. Tritomidæ and
Coccinellidæ, 34. each.

TO ORNITHOLOGISTS.
FOR SALE.

Fine mounted specimen of Alca impennis, the Great Awk,
(extinct species). Pedigree from the date of capture, 1836, to
this date, will be given to buyer.

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of

bird Reinhardtia ocellata Bp., the greatest discovery of the
century. Price £50
LIST OF DESIDERATA OF PHANAT.

Achilles Bohem, Guayaquil. Bitias Har., Mexico.
Charon Har., Guayaquil. Columbi, Mc L., female,
Hastifer Germ., male, Brazil. Foveolatus Har.,
Guayaquil. Horus Waterh. Reiche, Brazil. Melibœus
Blanch, Chiquitos, Mirabilis Har., Brazil, Noctis

0

Bates, Colombia and Nicaragua, etc. Perseus Har.,
Colombia. Pteroderus Reiche in litt, Uruguay.
Rhadamanthus Ear., Brazil. Rosalia Fabr.? America,
Tepanensis Bates, Tepan. Thalassinus Perty, Brazil.

Steinheili Har., male and female. Guatemalensis,
Har., male. Beltianus, male’ Scutifer, Bates, male
and female. Lunaris, Tasch, male. Actzeon, Erichs,
male and female. Bispinus, Bates. Cadmus, Har.
Dejeani, Har., female. Lautus, Macleay, male.
Silenus, Cast, male and female. Spinifer, Cast, male
and female. i

List of Pittidae for Sale.

Pitta strepitans, Australia, 55. ; — maxima, N. Guinea
105.; — brachyura Malacca, 8s.; — bengalensis,
India, 85. ; — elegans, Malacca, 1os.; — cyanurus,
Java, 16s. ; arcuata, Borneo, 305.; — granatina,
Borneo, 8s. ; erythrogaster, Philippines, fos. ;
— mackloti, N. Guinea, tos.; — rosenbergi, N.
Guinea, 305.; — nove guinez, N. Guinea, tos. ;
— mulleri, Borneo, tos.; — cucullata, India, 8s. ;
— — Var, Malacca, 8s. ; — coerulea, Malacca 16s. ;
Philepitta castanea, Madagascar, 125.

FOR SALE.—/vom Kina Balu (Borneo).
Calyptomena whiteheadi, male, troos. A magnifi-
cent bird, discovered lately by Mr. Whitehead in the
interior of Borneo. Many other species from the
same collector (magnificent skins).

FOR SALE.

A magnificent bound copy of T. A. Naumann’s
Naturgeschichte der Vogel Deutschlands, 13 vols. in
4to and 391 coloured plates. Apply at the office of
the Journal.

FOR SALE.

Collection of Woods from all parts of the world.
2,000 blocks nicely cut. Manuscript catalogue over
2vols. Awarded gold medal at International Exhi-
bition. For price and particulars apply at the office
of the Journal.

Fine group of Harpyornis feeding on a Dendrolagus.
Two rare species of mammal and bird, from New
Guinea. Price £12. Fourteen species of Carabus
from Chili. In the most perfect condition. 23
specimens, at 5s. each.

Books and journals Received.

Soctetas entomologica, April 1890, No. 1, edited by
Fritz Ruhl at Zurich Hottingen.

La Reforma jfarmaceutica. Director and Editor,
Luis R. Guzman. La Guayra (Venezuela).

Lil Porventr. Semanario politico y noticioso organo
de los Intereses de la Regeneracion. Cartagena
(Colombia).

Antiguan Observer,
and fo.

An account of the former abundance of some spectes of
Birds on New York Island, at the time of their Migra-
tion to the South, by George N. Lawrence.

Description of a new subspecies of Cypselide of the
Genus Chaetura, with a note on the Diablotin, by
George N. Lawrence. With thanks,

The Editor,

Vol EC EME SAN os 29

May 1, 1891.

The Humming Arvo.

The McKinley Bill.

I have justreceived from my correspondent, Mr. John
H. Thomson, of New Bedford, Mass., United States, a
copy of the New Customs Tariff, known as the
McKintey Bizz, which took effect since October
last.

Considering that Extracts of this Tariff will be of
great use to all the readers of this Journal, I have
dedicated the whole of this number to the publication
of the said Extracts.

The first part, FREE List, contains the List of all
the Objects not paying duty. The second part, THE
UNITED STATES CusToMS ‘TARIFF, contains the List
of all the Objects paying duties.

McKINLEY BILL.
FREE List.

AU the Products mentioned in this List are free.

Acorns, raw...
Albumen ;
Almonds (oil of)
Aloes, crude
Amber or crude Gum :
‘ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS AND SKELETONS
Animals for breeding or emigration purposes
ANTIQUITIES, NOT FOR SALE À
FOR CABINET COLLECTIONS PRIOR
TO 1700 AND NOT FOR SALE
Arrowroot raw or manufactured
Arsenic
ART (WORKS OF) Paintings, the production of
American Artists
ART (WORKS OF) prior to 1700, not for sale or
. specially inported for institutions
Asbestos, unmanufactured...
Bamboo, Rattan, Reeds, raw
Bananas was fe
Barks, crude
Barrels and Casks of Anse manufacture
returned empty
Beans, medicinal, crude
Bed Feathers and Downs ...
Beeswax
BIRDS, STUFFED FOR à CABINETS
BIRD SKINS
Bitumen, crude
Bones, unmanufactured
Books, printed, bound or manufactured o over
20 years
ee printed exclusively i in any foreign
language LE st
» and Music for ‘the Blind
» for Institutions and Societies
Britannia Metal, old
BULBS AND BULEOUS ROOTS, crude
Bullion, Gold and Silver
Cadmium ...
Camphor, crude...
Canary Seed and Weed

Free

THE HUMMING BIRD.

Canes and Sticks, rough ...
Caraway Seed and Oil of ditto
Catgut Strings

Chalk, unmanufactured

C Remon Flowers ;
Charcoally ia. 660
Chemical Apparatus -

Chicory Root, unground

Citrons, green, ripe or dried

Clay for manufacture

Cloth, Bolting

Cloves, unground

Coal, Anthracite

Cochineal

Cocoa, crude

Coffee

Cocoanuts and Oil of ditto ..

Coke ;
CoRAL, UNMANUFACTURED à
Cork Bark or Wood, unmanufactured he
Cotton, raw, cotton waste or flocks, rags ...
Currants of all kinds

Curry and Curry Powder

Dates ;

DIAMONDS, ROUGH ...

Dishs, Glass Plates, rough cut

- Dividivi, crude

Drugs, crude

Dyewoods, crude

Errects, Personal or Household of persons
arriving in United States, in use over one
VER donc

37. of American Citizens dying abroad ..
Eccs (Silkworm)
Fashion Plates engraved on steel, ‘coppers or
otherwise.

FEATHERS AND Downs OF ALL KINDS, crude

Felt, adhesive : a

Fertilizers, Guanos and Manures be

Fibre, Cocoa. crude or dried 3

Fisx, products of American Fisheries, fresh
and frozen x salmon for bait

», Skins ; sts

FLOWERS, NATURAL AND DRIED ...

FURS, UNDRESSED

Glue, stock .

Gold, Bullion a

Grass, Sisal, China, Ramie, (Sea Seed

Guano Manures and Imitations

GUMS AND RESINS, crude

Gutta-percha, crude

HAIR OF ALL KINDS, raw

Hemp Rags and Seed

HERBS, NOT EDIBLE, crude

Hides, raw, dried, salted, pickled, and Hide

Cuttings : bac 360
Horns, Horn Strips unmanufactured, polished
or bored tbe ie ae
India rubber, crude an

Indigo, real or artificial ...
INSECTS, DRIED crude
Todine, crude aoe co
Istie grass, crude ;
IVORY, UNMANUFACTURED ...

Jalap

34

THE HUMMING BIRD.

Jet, unmanufactured ss
Juice, Lemon, Lime, Sour Orange
Jnkroldee" r 5
Jute Butts, cuttings, rags for paper
Lava, unmanufactured 500 Po
LEAVES, crude co
Leeches
Lemon Juice, oil
i Peel, not candied .

Licorice Root, unground aise
Lime, Chlorate or Phosphate Be

[tues oui
Lithographic Stones, not engraved
Logwood, crude A ae tee wid
Mace and Oil of ... aes eye eee

Magnesium ‘© .… ve 000
Magnets... SE
Manures, Guano ana all baies Abe
Manuscripts à 500

Mats, Chinese, round, salle straw ...

MEDALS, gold, silver, copper, such as trophies
or prizes ap 500 300

MEDICINAL ARTICLES, crude

MEDICINES, CRUDE, Roots, AND HERBS

Meerschaum, crude or polished, unmanufactured

MINERALS, crude Bot
Mineral Waters (all not artificial) ..
(bottles are dutiable)
Models of Inventions, unfit for use
Molasses... Ae
Moss, crude or dried for bedding
Mother of Pearl, rough
Music strings, gut
Mustard Seed, crude
NATURAL HISTORY “SPECIMENS,
not for sale.

Needles, hand-sewing, darning ....
Newspapers and Periodicals, unbound
Nickei containing less than 2 per cent. copper
Nutmegs an RE
Nuts, Brazil, Cream and Cocoa
Oakum ve
O1MCAke Stone sa Ms a
Oils) Almond, Amber, Ambergris, Anise
Aniline, Aspic, Bergamot, Caraway,
Cinnnamon, Chamomile, Fennel, Lemon
Nut, Olive (not eating) &c.

Spermacetti, Whale and others ‘of
American Fisheries...
Olives, green or prepared
Onyx, crude
Opium, crude, unadulterated one 9

per cent. morphia or over au

Orange Peel, not preserved
Ottar or Oil of Roses
Oysters, raw ee
Ozokerite, mineral Wax
Palm Leaf, crude and Fans
Paper Stock, crude of every description
Rarathines ses Aco cic
Parchment and Vellum
Pearl Ash Re at
Peat Moss ... 006
Pebbles, Brazil, unmanufactured . 500
Periodicals, weekly , monthly or quarterly ..

Oils,

Free

[May x,

1891

PHILOSPHICAL APPARATUS FOR SOCIETIES

Pine Apples À 0h

PLANTS, ORCHIDS, PALMS, TEA PLANTS: &c.

Plaster of Paris, unground

Platinum, iamanifaetcned and ‘Chemical
Apparatus S00

Polishing and Artificial Stones

Potash, crude, carbonate, nitrate,
cholorate, muriate of

PRECIOUS STONES, uncut ...

Pumice Stones 509 wee dE 550

Quills, not made up

Quinine, Sulphate and Salts of

Quolts, or Curling Stones

Rags (not woollen)

Ramie, China Grass

Rattans and Reeds, unmanufactured

Regalia, Church, etc. pe Teed

Resins, Gum, crude

Sago, crude and Flour

Saltpetre, crude

Sarsaparilla, crude ...

Sauerkraut ice be Le R

Sausage Skins : ee

Sausages, Bologna and Ger. ‘Frankfurter aa

SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS, specially imported

Seaweed, crude for beds &c. ms ro

Seeds, Celery not suitable for gardens

all Flower or Grass Seeds ... us

» . Anise, Canary, Caraway, Cardamon,

Coriander, Cotton, Cummin, Fennel,
Eengreek, Hemp Hoarhound, Mustard,
Rape, St. John’s Bread, Sugar beet,
Mangel-wurzel, Sorghum, Bulbs and
Bulbous Roots

SHELLS, unmanufactured ...

Shellac ia

Silk, raw, waste, Cocoons ee

Silkworms Eggs

Silver Bullion,
Medals

Sisal Grass ...

Skins, all raw, uncured, dry, salted, pickled
except Angora Goat and d Sheep with the
wool on É

Soap stocks of all kind

Soda, Chlorate and Nitrate of

Sodium

Spices, Cinnamon and Clove, Ginger Root
and Cayenne pepper unground, Cassia,
Mace, Nutmegs, Pepper, Piments

Stone, Burr, Cliff, Pumice, Rotten, Sand
rough, unmanufactured

Sulphur, lac, brimstone, crude

Sulphuric Acid 6 Per cent. F. sp. gravity I +380

Tale, crude ..

Tapioca, Casssawa |

Tar, coal of Pitch and wood

Tartar, crude

Re (adulterated liable to seizure) |

Teeth, natural or unmanufactured

à imber, all round, unmanufactured

Tin, Ore, Bars, Blocks, Fes, ea free after
July cst, 1893 3 à

Tobacco Stems

sulphate,

2

Ore: Sweepings, Coins and

Free
DE

29

May I, 1891]

Turpentine, Venice, and es of Free
MURDPES bac ae =: Me Ses Fe
Types, old . : 5e SE Eu a
Vanilla Beans, crude : -
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, crude, unmanufactured A
Vegetables for medicine, dyeing, CHGS “Soe
Vellum on 600 es
Wax, Beeswax, Vegetable and Mineral … fe
Whalebone, unmanufactured can à
Whetstones and Hones Bie 500 is
Willow for hat ornaments ... ie ae 33
Wood, unmanufactured_... se sn 3
END OF FREE LIST.
<<a ——
McKINLEY BILL.

THE UNITED STATES Customs TARIFF.
$1=100 cents=4 shillings. 1 cent=4d.
Acetate of Lead, brown, 3$c.; white ...54c. per Ib.

Acid, acetic or pyroligneous, not over
1.047 specific gravity, 1c. ; over
I. 047; ACh sa) DOLACIGn Cas oe
roc. ; tannic, ie. 3 tartaric, IOC.
chromic, 6c. ; sulphuric (oil os
vitriol) ge AE ...£c. per |b.
Acorns, prepared .. …14c.per lb.
Agate balls or marbles, used as toys AE cent.
Alabaster ornaments : eae DCEGen ts
— statuary, the work of a sculptor Avis NS,
Albums, autograph, photographand scrap,35 ,,
Alcohol, amylic or fusel oil oe TORY «45
Alcoholic perfumery...$2.00 per gal. and BOP His,
— compounds ..$2.00 per gal. and 25 ,,:
Alkalis and all combinations of alkaloids 25
Almonds, not shelled, 5c. ; shelled “+ VTC: per lb.

Aloes, crude, free ; not crude
Alum, alum cake, patent alum, slice,
sulphate of alumina, aluminous
cake, andalum in crystals or ground
6oc. per 100 lbs.
Aluminium or aluminum unmanufactured 15c. per lb.
ANON, carbonate of, 1c. ; muriate of,
$c. ; sulphate of ... : ...$c. per Ib.
Aniline colours or dyes, coal tar products 35 percent.
Animals, horses and mules, if under $150

- 10 per cent.

in value ..$30 per hd.
— if $150 in value, or over EOL Pemcents
— cattle over r year old ... $10 per hd.
— cattle, 1 year and under ..… ... $2 fs
‘“— hogs ... Sa OE pes Olney
— sheep, 1 year old or over en SON
— less than r year old PC
All other animals ...20 per cent.
Apples, green or ripe ...25¢. pr. bus.
— dried, evaporated or prepared, ees per |b:

Arms, muskets and sporting rifles rah per cent:

— double barrel, sporting, breech-loading
shotguns, not more than $6.00

value ... eee pins) Cac hanelecise: wy
— over $6.00 value and not more than

$12.00 value ... $4.00 each and 35 __,,

— over $12.00 value $6.00 eachand 35 _,,
— single barrel breach-loading shot guns

$1.00 each and 35 ,

THE HUMMING BIRD. - 35

Arms revolving pistols, not more than $1.50
value ... 40 cents each and 35 per cent.
— over $1.50 value ... $1.00 each and 35 i
— side-arms, swords, sword blades ...35 Bs
Art, worksof, paintings in oil or water colors
(frames dutiable according to ma-

terial) ; marble, stone, or metal
statuary (the work of a alabaster
sculptor) ... x ae TE vei
Asbestos, manufactured . Re ee IG aac
Bacon and hams .*. sc. per lb
Barks, otherwise than crude ..IO per cent.
Barley, (bushel of 48 lbs.) 3oc. per bush.
— malt (bushel of 34 lbs.) aie ,
— pearled, patent or hulled SZC per lb:
Barrels and casks, empty.. ..30 per cent.

Bay rum or water, distilled or com-

pounded . proof $1 per gal.
Beads and bead ornaments of all kinds Peay epenicent,
Beans, edible ES an ay 2s aA
Beef, mutton, and pork © 2c. per lb
Beer, ale and porter in bottles or jugs (no

additional ay on the bottles or

jugs) ...40c. per gal.

— otherwise than in bottles or jugs 2004 00

Benzine and benzole 3 : ..20 per cent.
Bicycles, tricyles, &c. (of metal) .. see i) eee
Billiard balls, of ivory, bone or other ma-

terials : ORK Ss)
Birds, dressed and Brihed for millinery, HO
Biscuits and crackers of all kinds 20h:
Bismuth, free ; salts of bismuth ... 26 5:
Bisque ware, plain white ... was AIS LL

— decorated... ae sae OO hte

Bitumen, manufactured ... SAONE
Blacking of all kinds and lampblack DC Eee
Bladders, crude, free; manufactured ...25 _,,
Blue, Berlin, Chinese, Fig, Prussian and

Wash : 5 6C Per:
Bone games 2a QS [DE CHa
Bone, manufactured ..30 per cent.

Bonnets, silk, 60 per cent. ; straw, grass, &c. BOs tL i
Books, blank books, pamphlets, engravings,
bound or unbound, photographs,

etchings, maps, charts, and all
printed matter not otherwise speci-
fied Ba POS ok a

Bottles, empty, common white and coloured
glass, holding more than one pint,
demijohns, carboys soit, JOS 16}
— holding not more than one pint and

less than + pint AUC 35
— holding less than + pint Sa per gross.
Bran and mill feed 20 RE cent.

Brass, in bars or pigs, clippings and old, TC peu lb:
— manufactured ..45 per cent.

Brick, fire-brick not glazed or decorated, on 25 per ton.
= glazed or decorated . ..45 per cent
— other than fire-brick and ‘tiles not

glazed or decorated BE ASP
— glazed or decorated, and all encaustic
tiles ean He ae AS 5
Bristles à te LOC MDE IDs
Britannia ware SnoZils joe Cate

Bronze, unmanufactured.. ane S302 Ohta

36 ; THE HUMMING BIRD.

Bronze, manufactures of ..

...45per cent.
Brooms of all kinds de HO
Brushes of all kinds ae sas AO,
Buckwheat (bushel of 48 eS 156 per bush.
— flour ... .20 per cent.
Bulbs and bulbous Oats, noe crie 10

29

Bunting (not weighing over 4 oz. to sq. yd.)
12C. per sq. yd., and ee
Butter and substitutes for A
Buttons, agate
— barrel’... ét. per Tb. and 60
— bone, horn, ivory and vegetable ivory, so
— pearl, shell, 2c. per line, button
measure of 1-40 inch per gross and 25
— shoe, paper mache, &c., value not
over 3C. per gross..
Calomel and other mercurial medicinal

29

OC perl:

22

2)

29

preparations --35 per cent.
Cameos, not set se Be sO ure
— set, as jewelry uae ee 50
Camphor, refined ... AC: per Ib.
Candles and tapers + 2Lipencent.

Canes and sticks, finished with mee

heads 300 i
Canvas, for oil cloth, embroidering and

sails Gas $60 sie GON cls,
Capers, as pickles... Be As i

Cards, playing, 50c. per pack ; 3 show Ne Re
Carpets: Aubusson, Axminster, Chenille,
Moquette ; Oriental, Berlin, and
similar rugs ; Saxony, Tournay and
Wilton velvet, figured or plain, and
all similar carpets
6oc. per sq. yd. and 40 __,
— Brussels and all similar
44c. per sq. yd. and 40 ,,
— velvet and tapestry velvet, printed on
the warp or otherwise
4oc..per sq. yd. and 40 __,,
— tapestry Brussels, printed on the
warp or otherwise
28C. pet Sd and AO
— treble ingrain, three-ply and all chain
Venetian ... roc. per sq. yd. anAONME
— wool Dutch and two-ply ingrain
r4C. per sq. yd. and 40 ,,
— druggets and bockings, printed,
coloured or otherwise
22C DES AId ONE
— felt carpeting, figured or plain
Ire. per sq. yd.and 40...
— carpets and carpetings of wool, flax,
or cotton ... Fe ... 50 99
Cartridges and cartridge shells
Castor beans (bushel of 50 lbs.)...

— oil ... ..80c. per gal.
Casts of plaster, the works of a sculptor. .I5 per cent.
Caviar, fish eggs ... “ao:
Cement, Portland, Rewer, and other

hydraulic in bulk.. es
— in packages reer ‘of package in-
cluded) ;
— all other

all other preparations

-25 per cent.

. IC. per gross.

LAS)
soc. per bush.

7c. per 100 lbs.

8c. per 100 lbs.

ses .20 per cent.
Chalk, prepared, precipitated, French, red, compen wb:
.20 per cent.

[May 1, 1891

Cheese of all kinds 66 ; 60 jet In
Chestnuts, 14c. per Ib. ; flour of. F2 Coane
Chicory root, ground Bt! wae SLA Ce rigs
China clay or kaolin ...$3 per ton.
Chloroform a 25 Capea by
Chocolate, confectionery .. .. 50 per cent.
— other than confectionery SZC perms
Chromos and chromographs Soo WS jorele Geralte,

| Chronometers, box or ship’s, and pats OH LO. py

Cider
Cigarette paper in ‘any fort .
Cigarettes, asthma, prop. preparations ...25 ,,

Cinnamon, unground, free ; co 4c. per Ib
Citrons, preserved ..35 per cent.
Clays or earths, unmanufactured.. Sr. 50 per ton.
— China clay or kaolin …$3 per ton.
Cloth, bamboo 50098 per cent.

— bookbinders, emery ... Re jc AOR ae
Cloves, ground
Coal, anthracite, free ; bituminous. ... 75¢. per ton.
Coal tar, preparations of, not colours or

dyes : ob QO [OTS CSiMlten
Cocoa, prepared, not confectionery son Gs JOS Illcy,
Cod-liver oil, medicinal . ...15C. per gal
Coffee, free ; substitutes for coffee CT CPE.
Collodion, soc. per Ib. ; rolled ..6oc. per Ib.

— finished 6oc. per Ib. and LDIDENCENT:
Cologne water, and alcoholic perfumery
S2ypencalmandes omnes

Colouring for brandy and beer ... oO yy
— for sugar e 6 BE SON hens
Comfits, preserved fruits, jellies .. EEE

Confectionery, all sugar candy, chocolate,

value not over r2c. per Ib. ; refined

sugars, tinctured, coloured or

adulterated 5 C=l Petula:
all others, including chocolate a Onpelycents
Copper, old, 1c. per lb. ; manufactures of, 45 ,

Coral, manufactured ar ot RP AMEN
Cord, sash, hemp AO NAS
Cordage, tarred, 3c. ; untarred hemp ...24C. per lb.
— untarred manilla or Sisal grass SSD Claes

Cork bark or wood, manufactured LO, Per celts
-— cut into squares or tubes, roc. ; corks, 15c. per lb.
Corn, Indian or maize (bushel of 56 1bs.), 15c per bus.
Cotton, cords, braids, boot, shoe, and
corset lacings 56 ..35 per cent.
— damasks, gimps, galloons, ‘goring, :
webbing, braces, suspenders, towels,
tracing cloth, and all manufactures

of cotton ... TAC:
— chenille curtains and table covers,

edgings, embroideries, insertings,

laces, neck rufflings, ruchings,

ÉUCKIN ES ETES OO ike

— clothing ready- made and articles of
wearing apparel of every descrip-
tion .. 50 no
if india rubber. as component material
soc. per Ib. and 50 _ ,,
— collars and cuffs, r5c. per doz. and 35 ,,

— gloves se CRT
— handkerchiefs, unhemmed, cut single, PAST
hemmed ... us Ho SO MES
hemstitched re ae 66 a

May 1, 1891] THE HUMMING BIRD. 37
Cotton shirts and drawers, value not over Cutlery—Value over $12 $5 Bes doz. and 30 per cent.
$1.50 per doz. : ..35 per cent. | Diamonds, cut, not set ... TOM 3 Os
value over $1.50 and not over $3 — set as jewellery Kis a MAO a
Speo ana — imitation ... PTO Aes
value over $3 and not over $5 Disks, glass plates, cut or : round AOC MES
$1.25 per doz. and 40 ,. —-cut for lenses Le 46 LE ae ate
value over $5 and not over $7 Drugs, not crude . et aie sal©

$1.50 per doz. and 40
value over $7 ... $2 per doz. and 40
— stockings, value not over 6oc. per
nadoz 20c. per doz. and 20
value over 6oc. and not over $2
soc. per doz. and 30
value over $2 and not over $4
75c. per doz. and 40
value over $4 ... $1 per doz. and 40
— spool thread ...
Cotton thread, yarn, warps, &c., value not
OE: DEC, jose Nog toc, jose lly?
value over 25c. and not under 4oc.
per lb., r8c. per 1b.; not under 50c.,
PAC MO CA 2OC LOC ERIC 800,
. 38c.; $1, 48c.; over $1,00
— Velvets, velveteens, plushes, cordu-
roys, all pile fabrics, (minimum
rate of duty 40 per cent.) If not
bleached, dyed, colored, stained,
painted or pes EL OC MIDET
sq. yd. and , ..20
If bleached r2c. per sq. yd. and...
If dyed, colored, stained, nd
or painted r4c. per sq. yd. and ...20
Crackers and biscuits... .20
Cutlery.—Pocket knives of all kinds value

not over 50c. per doz., 12c. per
done #50
Value over 5oc. and not over ar $1. 50
Roc. per doz, and EE ae)
Value over $1.50 and not over $3
$r per doz. and ; RES

Value over $3, $2 per doz. and 50
— Razors and blades, value less than $4

pewmdozre hm peraGdozmeandueng
Value $4 or more per doz. $1.75c.
per doz. and ee is 030
— Table knives, forks, steels, butchers’,

hunting, kitchen, bread, butter,
vegetable, fruit, cheese, plumbers’,
painters’ pallette and artists’ knives
of all sizes, value not over $1

PEMdozMriccrpemdoz and 20
Value over $1 and not over $2
35c. per doz. and 1 .30
Value over $2 and not over $3
4oc. per doz. and ag 120
Value over $3 and not over $8
$r per doz. and 20

Value over $8 $2 per doz. and.. .30
— Carving and cooks’ knives and forks
of all sizes, value not over ate per

doz. $x per doz. and . 23S
Value over $4 and not over $8

S26 peuecdoz.. and ae 20
Value over $8 and not over $12

$3 per doz. and Se #20

29

LE)

99

,,

per doz. spools of 100 yds.

a © per cent.

Dyewoods, extracts of bee. per lb.
Earthenware, common brown, stoneware

and crucibles, not decorated or

ornamented F2LipenCent:
— china, porcelain, faience, parian,

bisque and all manufactures of

earthen, stone and crockery ware

decorated or ornamented in any

IMANNENNT ROC
not ornamented or + decorated EA Gua
— tiles, plain... Bann TOO Bde Soe BP
— ,, decorated ae SAG ee
Earths or clays, unmanufactured _ ..$1.50 pr ton
— manufactured FR COM:
Eggs 60 5 Co Del GdOZ.
Electrotype plates... À 25) percent.
Embroideries, çotton, linen or silk OOS.
Embroideries, woolen or worsted, 6oc. per
ib and a8 OO
Gold or other metals ADS
Emery, grains, 1c. per Ib. : ground, ref’d. tc. per Ib.
Cloth ane ..40 per cent.
Scythe stones or whetstones F2 ON:
Enamel for watch faces ... js
Feathers and downs of all kinds dressed,
color’d, man’d, ... she PI OMM Te:
Felt : roofing A N2O ME
carpeting.. gic. ‘per yard and.. ORNE
endless or of hair, not woven, 494c.
per yard and bis ee ROOMS
Fiber, cocoa, not crude ... bee RATIO
Figs, green, ripe or dried... bis ...24c. per lb

Filberts, 3c. per lb.; shelled ... AOC

Fire- crackers, all, no allowance for tare...8c.

Fish, pickled, salted, 1c. ; smoked, dried,
fresh,.

Herrings pickled, ‘salted À

Flax, manufactures of
Oilcloth for floors, stamped, ‘painted
or printed, linoleum, corticene, cork
carpets and all other oil cloth (ex-
cept silk) and waterproof cloth, °
value not over 25c. per sq. yd. ...40
over 25C. per sq. yd. 15c.per sq-yd.30

LAC;
ACA 5

..50 per cent.

Pie

Flour, tapioca, free ; wheat Hi Zien
Buckwheat ay 20h
Arrowroot, sago, nut, used as
sStareh2c-nye eo. rice eaca per lb:

Flowers, artificial, of any material .. 50: per cent.
bleached ... sa sds se TON aes)

Fruits, apples, green or ripe ‘ AE IDE OUI.

do. dried, dessicated, evapora-
tedee : ul ses seep... Se. “Ilo;
plums, PURES se... 506 ACs JOR » IID,

grapes, barrel of 3 cubic feet ..6oc. per bbl.
preserved in sugar, etc Tah) DEL Cent.

do. in their own juice ...30

Furniture, of wood, finish’d or unfinished.35

22

32

38 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[ May 1, 1891

Furs, dressed but not made up, hatters...
— all articles made of,.. LL end Garey
Games, as toys (except ivory or bone) TA Cie
Gelatine and other similar preparations
value not over 7c. per Ib.
value 7c., not over 3oc. per Ib.

value over 3oc. per Ib. ... REZ OUS 55
German silver, unmanufactured ... RL
— manufactured ke a HAS IQ,

Ginger-ale, ginger-beer, lemonade, soda
water, etc., bottles not over 34 pint
(no duty on bottles)
over 34 pint and He (no
duty on bottles) . ZONES
Imported otherwise or in bottles
over1}% pints, (additional duty on

bottles) ..50C. per gal.
root, unground, free ; ground.. AC jose Ilo:
Glass, man’fact’s of cut, or uncut. ...60 per cent.

Gloves, kid or other leather, 14 inches in
extreme length or under, duty to
be not less than..

Ladies’ and children’ S, schmaschen
$1.75; lamb $2.25; kid $3. per doz.
Suede ‘and all other leather gloves 50 per cent.
all leather gjoves over 14 inches
in length . ue fas DO) ap
men’s gloves oe DOL ba.

in addition to above rates there
shall be paid on :

all men’s gloves ih “Piper eG Oz.
all lined gloves... RACE a
all pique or prick seam gloves DOC IE:

all embroidered gloves with more
than 5 single strands or cords ...boc. ,,
N.B.—All gloves represented to
be of a kind or grade below their
actual kind or grade shall pay an
additional duty of $5 per dozen pairs
Glucose or grape sugar ... nes
Glue, value not over 7c. per lb... ate CES
value over 7c. and not over 3oc.
per lb., 25 per cent : over 3oc. per
lobe

Los per cent.
Glycerine, crude, Tie. per lb ; refined. .43c. per Ib.
Gold, manufactures of, (not jewelry) ..45 per cent.

Grape juice containing not more than 18

per cent, alcohol . : ...60€. per gal.
containing more than 18 p.c. ...$2.50 __,,
Grapes, (barrel of 3 cubic feet) ... ..6oc. per bbl.
Grass, all manufactures of... bie ...30 per cent.
Grease, for soap stock, free: degras ...%c. per lb.
all not otherwise specified... oA) je CEM,
Gum and gum resins, not crude... Ole...
Gunpowder and all explosives value not
OVenNZOC perm bra aM OC “DEI Ilo.
Valle OVEDN 2 OC. Perl ome Prec ÿ
Gutta-percha, manufactured ONDE GECent:
Hair, all kinds of bristles... a TON
curled for beds ... ER Boos es
human, cleaned ... a: 3038.
manufactures of, ... ae Mees Oka
Hams and bacon... to és nag, He I

20 per cent.

ia caper, iby
..25 per cent.

an i AEo |Dits dOZ

-.50 per cent.

pairs,

0 AS joer No,

Hats, fur and felt ... ..55 per cent.
Hay : ...$4,00pr. ton.
Hemp $25 per ton ; manufactured ..50 per cent.
Herbs, not edible, not enude ieee PRONMRS
Honey ...20C. per gal.
Hops a snell (G5 jose Ilo).
Horn, all manufactures of ...30 per cent.
India rubber, manufactures of, ... ere
Indigo carmined . ok ae OCP etl:

other extracts and paste ... SAG x
Inks of all kinds and ink powders ..30 per cent.
Insect powder, vegetable... ay ATOS PTR
Insects, dried, not crude... a: aol) | ks
Iodine, resublimed 5 AOE, Dae Ilo.

salts os ï ..25 per cent.
Tron, all manufactures of ae Seay aes
Ivory, manufactures of .. NG. AOR aes
Jellies and jams of all ét 1 Ree 3 OMe aes
Jet, all manufactures of . eo oo
Jewelry, real or mock of all kinds ...50
Juice, liquorice .. DEC. per lb.

— Fruit, not over 18 per cent. alcohol,

6oc. ; over 18 per cent $2.50 pr gal.
Jute, manufactures of, value not over sc.

per Ib. è ACs OB? Ilo

— value over 5c. per Ib. a Holpencent

Kaoline or china clay ...$3 per ton
Kerosine oil and residuum of ..20 per cent.

Lace, wool, hair, &c., 6oc. per Ib. and ...60 _,,

— all other ge SA be +00
Lampblack se aan ae, DAS ine
Lard es : 2c. per lb
Laths TOC per 1000 pcs.
Laudanum a ...40 per cent.
Lava tips for gas burners, plain ao Bahl y anes

— decorated ... cx Sa 60
Lead, ore and dross PIC per Ib.

— pigs, bars, molten, refuse, scrap CRE

— sheets, pipes, shot, glaziers’, Wilks sae Cre

— white, red, nitrate, litharge ... CU,

— pencils, 50c. per gross and .. ...30 per cent.

— pencillead ... aaa AE RON ES

manufacturesvoten-euen sere See AGt aes
Leaf, aluminium, Dutch metal, bronze,
8c. per pack Of . 100 leaves.

— silver 75c.; gold $2. per pack. of 500 leaves.
Leather, belting, sole, FRE tanned, but

unfinished de A .I0 per cent.
— calf, finished morocco Jing, patent,

enameled . ath SLO. re
— boots and shoes Diss japanned EGO EN

all manufactures of aes RE ee
Leaves not crude Zk Th TOURS
Lemon peel, candied … 2c. per lb.
Lemons, packages of 14 cubic ft. or less,

1 3G.. 5) 2a CUDICH IT EDEN cubic

ft., soc. per package : over 5 cubic

ft. roc. per cubic ft. extra. On the

boxes and barrels, 30 per cent.
additional. In bulk $1.50 per 1,000
Lenses,glass, value$1.50 per gross pairs or less 60 pr. ct.
— spectacles, eye-glasses, with edges
ground or beveled ae eGR

May 1, 1891]

Lenses, glass or pebbles, manufactures of Le ae cent.
Licorice root, ground ... de .10
— juice, paste, or other forms . Les de. per lb.
Lime, including weight of barrel . 6c. per 100 lbs.
— alcoholic, “$2 per gal. and … ..25 per cent.
Linen, brown, bleached,’not less than 100
threads to sq. in. (until Jan.1, 1894) 35
— collars and cuffs, whole or part linen

30c. per doz. and My, PAOME 3
— shirts and wearing apparel, ... RUES RS
— laces, edgings, eens: embroid-

CES NEC. ie

Linoleum, value not over 2 sc. per sq. ie

— over 25c. 15c. per sq. yd. and hes
Linseed, (bushel of 56 Ibs.) a OC per bus.
Liqueurs, all kinds, bottles extra 3c. each $2 50 per gal.

Lithographed plates of any material 2 25 per cent.
Logwood, not crude ”
— extracts of . 1e per lb.

Lumber, sawed boards, plank, a &c. $1 per 1,000

Macaroni and Vermicelli.. Zen pen lb:
Magnesia, Acetate, Bromide, Chloride Ci-

(rate of 1 ..25 per cent.

Malt, barley, bushel of 34 Ibs... AEC, per bs.

— extracts in casks 2oc.: in bottles, ...40c. per gal.
Marble, all kinds in block, ey

squared pe .65c. per cub. ft.
Veined, sawed, dressed, paving

tiles and slabs, minimum thick-

ness I in. $1.10 per cub. ft.
Manufactures 252 per cent.
Marbles, toy, of any composition OG ares
Marmalade aes A0
Matches, Friction, all He, not ¢ over 100
in a box . Toc. per gross boxes.

over 100 in a box .. IC. per 1,000 matches.
Mats, bass, ‘20 per cent. grass .. 30 per cent.
Cocoa fibre, rattan ...8¢. per sq. ft.
Matting, napier, 6c. Cocoa fibre, rattan
12C. per. sq. yd.
Mattresses, according to chief value of
material composed.

Meal, (corn, bushel 48 lbs.) 200. per bus.
— Oat, Es [OSI Moy, as etc penelio:
Meat, extract of, 35c. per Ib.: fluid Caper by.

Meats, all kinds, prepared, preserved,

...25 per cent.
Medicinal preparations oe

-.25 per cent.

Alcoholic, 5oc. per Ilb.: with
opium.. ...40 per cent.

(Duty extra on all ‘bottles. )
Meerschaum, pipes i OMpericent.
Mercury or quicksilver, crude, .10c. per lb:
Metallic mineral substances, crude, 2ONpercent.
Metals of all kinds, unwrought, . ZONES
— all manufactures CNE: te BT lates
Mica fee sat nee Rass ete
Microscopes, optical Bee wae PAC) fay
Milk, fresh, 5c. per gal. ; preserved, con-

densed, gross weight site ac "jor Nor
— sugar of bs Be “OC pen lb:
Minerals advanced in condition . ..20 per cent.

Mineral waters all, and all artificial, in plain.
green or coloured glass bottles, 16c. per doz.
bottles.

THE HUMMING BIRD. 30

Mineral waters over 1 pint and not over 1 qt., 25c.
per doz. bottles.
otherwise than in plain green or
coloured bottles, or over 1 qt. ...20c. per gal.
(bottles not dutiable).
Mirrors, Glass. See Glass.
Hand, Pocket, or Table,not over
144 Sq. in. with or without frames

of any material ... ...45 per cent.
Morphia, Morphine, and all salts ‘of Be Onn PEL OZ.
Moss, not crude ... ‘ ... 10C per cent.
— dyed for manufacture ‘of flowers ...50 per cent.
Mother of Pearl manufactures of ...40 per cent.
Mucilages ... Ge Ne es STATE,
Muffs, fur ... bare aun
Mushroom spawn, 20 per ‘cent. ; ; Catsup AIC anes,
Mushrooms, dried, 25 per cent. ; ; pre-
served we as 286 #40 1,
Music boxes Wie See ait Bony hh
Strings, metal ... a AGE,
Toys ad Rs SCM
Mustard, ground, preserved ase rocuper lb:
French ane oe 4i5g PEmICeNE:
Seed, Expressed oil as 2
Mutton, in carcass, dressed 060 2cu peel
Nails, cut, iron, steel ic. per Ib
wrought, horseshoe 4c. per Ib
Needles, knitting,... ..25 per cent
Crochet, knitting and sewing ma-
chine, tape ee SBD 55

Nets, webs and seines, flax gill netting of
yarn not higher than No. 20. 15c.
per lb. and.. 5 35
finer than No. 20, 20C. per Ib. and 45
Nickel in crude form, containing more
than 2 per cent of copper 4c. per
lb. on copper ;
Alloys of . :
Manufactures ofn HA O: sp..
chestnuts, edible,

3)

32

oc. per Ib
...45 per. cent

Nuts, shelled or un-

shelled . 3 ..112c. pet lb
Pea ground, unshelled, IC. ; shel-
led sets .112c. per Ib

Filberts, walnuts, hazel, unshelled, 3c. per lb
shelled, 6c. per lb
Almonds, unshelled, 5c. shelled, 7ic. per Ib

Oatmeal, oats, coarsely ground, groats ...1c. per Ib
Oats, (bushel of 32 lbs.) .. 15c. per bush
Ochre and ences earths, ay PAC per ID
— ground in oil. 120. per Ib.

Oil, crude, co a ..25 per cent.
Oil cloth, value not over 25¢. per sq. yd. 40 per. cent.
— value over 25c. per a yd., 15c. per

sq. yd. & . “+30
Oil seed, flaxseed, linseed, poppy seed and

”

others, bushel of 56 lbs .. ..30¢. pr bush.

Oils, castor, peppermint, 8oc. cod liver ...1 5c. pr. gal.

Cottonseed 26 ...20¢. per gal. of 74 lbs.

Croton, 3oc. per lb ; fusel ..I0 per cent.
Flaxseed, linseed, poppy seed,

ae per gal of 7% lbs.

Hemp, rape seed... ce .1oc. per gal.

Olive (edible) .-35¢. per gal.

distilled, essential, expressed, ren-

dered ..25 per cent.

46 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[May 1, 1891.

Oleomargarine, and substitutes for butter,6c. per Ib.

Onions ..40c. pr. bush.
Opera glasses, glass, 60 per cent ; £ metal 2 cent.
— Shell :

Opium, less than 9 per cent. morphia ete per lb.
prepared for smoking ... ..-12. per Ib.
liquid preparations of -..40 per cent.

Orange peel, preserved, candied... son Gy Ce IIo).

Ores, all containing more than 2 per cent.
of copper, in addition on copper,
All others containing metal

dc. per Ib.
...20 per cent.

Osier, willow for basketmakers... OMS,
manufactures of . aes AO NPA:
Palm leaf, manufactures of : -..20%per cent:
Paper stock, unsized 15 : sized, glued . 20g tat
albumenised, sensitized, surface-
coated ; lithograph, photograph,
and scrap albums me base,
filtering, silver, tissue-copying,
oe OC. Petlbrand mis 41),
Envelopes, acc. per 1,000 ; ciga-
rette ... 000 ©10 »
Plain and manufactures of DE
Papier maché, all manufactures . 2 DIE eS
Parasols, silk or alpaca, 55, all other PAS ES
Pea nuts. See nuts. Peanut oil . 25 Oy
Peas, green in bulk, bbls or sacks, ( bush.
of 60 lbs) ..40¢. pr. bush.

prepared, preserved

bc 26 per cent.
split, 5oc. per bush. ; ; dried

. 20C. pr. bush.

in paper or other small packages,ic. per Ib.
Peat, : Omper Cent.
Pebbles, glass, not rough... ..60 per cent.

Cut and polished... ae Hag +5
Pencils lead ... ..5oc. per gross and30o ,,

Slate, 4c. per gross ; hair... JON
Pens, gold, 30 per cent. ; other metallic, 12c. per gro.

Pepper, black, white, ground... sa stke, O@8 Ilo),
Cayenne, unground z2$c.: ground,4c. per lb.
Perfumery, toilet, not alcoholic . ..50 per cent.

alcoholic, ‘$2, 50 per gal. and we BC "

Pewter, all manufactures of -Abiper Cent:
Phosphorus 2oc joa Ilo.
Pianofortes sa ...45 per cent.
Pickles and sauces, bottles additional AGE
Pine-apples, preserved fie LABELS,

Pins, metallic solid head or other, hain

safety, hat, bonnet, shawl and belt, HOUR:
Pipes, tobacco, common clay ..10C. per gr.

All others, and smokers’ articles,7o per cent.
Plants, all kinds nursery stock, ... 2000,
Plaster of Paris; ground, $1.00 per ton ;

calemedt aire. :

Platinum, all manufactures of,
Plumbago, free ; stove polish
Plums, dried, green 3 26. per Ib:

Preserved i in their own juice ...30 per cent

Preserved in sugar or spirits ..35 4,

+2645 per cent.
...20 per cent.

(Extra duty on bottles). -
Plum pudding... (CO .20 per cent.
Pomades, pomatum. See ‘toilet prepara 50. per cent.
Pork and lard... 52C, jxSe Ilo),
Potash, refined carbon, hydrate, icra jeanne. ‘per Ib.

ocean and all acetates of:
Potatoes, (bushel of 60 lbs.) ...

..20 per cent.
..25¢. per bus.

soos ies /S) okay (oye,

Potatoes Dessicated ...45 per cent.

Poultry, live, 3c. dressed ... 5 Caper aD.
prepared ss bse 25) per cent.
Precious stones, ; cutnot set ... Soom ES
Set as Jewelry ... se LOUE,
Set not as Jewelry 68 Soe are
Imitations of, not set... ASTON RES
Printed matter al Soo)
Pulp, all manufactures of... à FORTS
— for paper makers, except wood OLE.
Pumice, pumice stone, artificial .. 50220
Putty Lee kG: per lb,
Quicksilver or mereury (bottes : additi al, 10 ee cent.
Quills, toothpicks... as ae Meee)
Rags, woolen Gs TOC: per lb.
Raisins 22¢e. per, lb:

Rape seed, free : oil, gal. of qs Ibs. ..10c. per gal.
Rattans and reeds, manufactured for chair

canes 500 .. IO per cent.
Resins, gum, not crude ... sao res
Rice, ground, granulated, flour, ‘meal No.

12 wire sieve . EA Cpetalis:
uncleaned, pulled and not ‘leaned fe
cleaned ten ds : SAG: at
Powder, toilet preparation oR per cent.

Rope, hemp bale. 50 per cent. ; cotton...4o
— cocoanut, grass, coir, bark .
Rye, bushel of 56 lbs. 1oc. per bush.

29

29

.IC+. per lb.

flour a 3 per lb:
Sad irons vs bee a 1 2-1OCs.»
Sage : sraQe, jose ilo)
Salmon, dried, smoked, pikled.. TIC 3

prepared and preserved . 20 per cent:
Salt, in bulk ; 8c. per 100 lbs.

in bags, sacks, barrels, &c. see Crees
Saltpetre, refined or partly IC per elie
Sardines and anchovies.

Boxes 5 x 4x 34 in. Toc. each.

2 boxes 5a 170 ur fe ASS Cr apes

% boxes 47 x 35 x 114 in. HIT LS

in any other form... ... 40 per cent.
Sauces (additl duty on bottles), ASS tse
Sausages excepting Bologna and Ger.

Frankfurter 598 ..25 per cent.
Scissors and shears ice 1 ee h
Sealing wax sais she oe HONTE
Sealskin sacques ...
Sealskins, raw, free ; dressed, ‘anisheale 5
Seeds, castor, (bushel of 56 Ibs. ) aie per bus.

Flax, linseed, poppy and all oil
seeds (bushel of 56 lbs.) BACC: ES,
All agricultural, garden and other

seeds, except flower and grass...20 per cent.
Celery, suitable for garden Garo ganas
Sewing machines.. à RARE 7s
Shell and shells, manufactures of EON The.
Shoddy, woolen … "200 per:
Shoes, leather, 25 per cent. ; ; silk. ..60 per cent.

Felt, wholly or partly wool 49% c.
oe Iband60o ,,

India rubber ae RCA

Horse, mule, ox, of iron or steel, I 4° 5c. per lb.
Shot .24C. +
Show cards, printed, 258 | metal … AS per cent.
Shrubs, nursery stock ... = ARLON USE

May 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 4i

Silk, partially manuf’d from cocoons or
waste, carded or combed...
Thrown, viz: singles, tram, organ-
zine, sewing, twist, floss, threads
or yarns of aD Se ex-
cept spun ...
Silk, Spun, skeins, cops, or : beams FRS TE
Velvets, plushes, or other pile fabrics
exclusive of selvedge (minimum of
duty, 50 per cent). less than 75 per

cent. weight of silk. $1.50 per lb. and 15 per cent.

75 per cent. or more weight of silk
$3.50 per lb. and 15 ,,
Webbings, elastic or non-elastic, gor-

ings, suspenders, braces, belt-
ings, bindings, braids, galloons
fringes, cords, tassels, buttons,
ornaments.. --50 per cent.

Laces, embroideries, handkerchiefs,
rufflings, ruchings 00,
Ready-made clothing, knit goods,
articles of wearing apparel, of
every description, not containing
india rubber a SALON aoe
if containing india rubber, ‘(except
gloves or elastic articles
See Pele Oz, and Oona
All manufacturers of silk or partly
silk, chief value (except those con-
taining wool or hair, which shall
be classified as manufactures of

wool pe HA RONE Vs
Silver laces, epaulets, tassels, galloons 555 3 Ono fas
— all manufactures of . 45 Ha

Skins, morocco, tanned but unfinished. nm
— all other, tanned, dressed and fin-

ished ane ste a 2. 20 ke
— Waste oats ant ase ALORS,
Slate, manufactures of ... ae TONNES
Slates, roofing’ ... A yer
Smokers’ articles of any material son HO Oe pe
Snuff, of tobacco (int. revenue 6c. lb.) ...50 per Ib.
Soap, perfumed, all descriptions of ae 1 a di)
— castile, 14c. Ib. ; all other, ... .20 per cent.
Soda ash, crystals, salt, 4c. per lb.
— sulphate, air ue es
— bicarbonate, caustic, ‘hydrate, WET Cas,

— chromate, bichromate, Rochelle salts, 3c. _,,

— yellow prussiate, LC: Ib. ; sulphate, $1.25 per ton.
Sodium, sulphide of
Spar, all manufactures of... SE SUP is! fea,
Spectacles or Se and frames or

lenses for . ..60
Spelter, blocks, pigs, rc. per ib. ; S sheets 2] $c. per lb.

— manufactures of Ë Loc
Spices, all ground or powdered, ... ae per lb.
Spirits, liquors and liqueurs of all kinds,

absinthe, bitters, brandies, cor-
dials, &c. (bottles extra 3c. each)

$2.50 per proof gallon.

NotEe.—Minimum for importation,

12 bottles in a case, casks 14 gal-
lons.

— Bay rum, of first proof, and in pro-

portion for greater strength

..5oc. per lb.

..30 per cent.

...25 per cent.

..45 per cent.

... $1.50 per gal.

Sponges ... .20 per cent.
Starch, all kinds of, .2c. per Ib.
Statuary, marble, stone, alabaster, metal,

the work of the sculptor only, -15 per cent.

Stedrines --- OR,
Steel plates engraved, stereotype, electro-
type, &c. except Fashion, for print-

ing.. de SBR agers
— all che eo, AS,
Stone, freestone, granite, sandstone, lime-
stone, and all building stone
except marble, undressed, ...r1c. per cub. ft.
— dressed or polished,... ...40 per cent.
Stove polish ae ae wes 2 Oxy Aves
Stoves and plates, iron ...1 2-10c. per lb.
Straw, unmanuf’d or manufd, wd ao
Sugar glucose or grape sugar, ... :..$c. per Ib.
Sugars, all not above -No. 16 Dutch

standard in colour, on and after

April 1, 1891, free ; above...5-1oc. ds

See special provisos in official Tariff.
Sulphur, refined, $8.; Flowers of ...$ro. per ton.
Sulphuric acid, not otherwise specified...tc. per Ib.
Sumac, crude, free ; ground, 4-1oc.; ex-

fEACE ee 500 ...7-8c. per lb.
Sweetmeats, all kinds, .. 50 ...35 per cent.
Talc, prepared . BGs BG ..20 per cent.
Tallow, 1c. per lb.; candles... 26 0
Tannin or tannic acid sise per Ib.

Tarter, cream of ... ses “ak MOCHA

Tartaric acid tas ; HPOE. pu

Thread, flax, linen, value not over 13
per Ib. 6c. per Ib. ; over Boe ..45 per cent.

Timber, hewn, sawed... STOW Aine

— squared, &c.. ode per cub. ft.

Tin, ore, bars, blocks, pigs, grain, until
July T,, F003; Brees alter je I,

1893 4c) peralb:

— manufactures of, ade ..45 per cent.
Tobacco, leaf, suitable for cigar wrappers,

unstemm’d, $2.; stemmed, ...$2.75 per lb.
— all other unmanufactured,

unstemmed, 25c.;;stemmed, ...50c.' ,,
— manuf’d, all descriptions,

(IntuRev Tax'6c.perlb). MW 40cm,

— cigars, cheroots and Cigarettes of

all kinds, including paper cigar-

ettes ...$4.50 per lb. and 2e per cent.
— Internal Revenue Tax :

on cigars, $3. per 1000 ; on Cigar-

ettes weighing not over 3 lbs. per

1000, 50C. per 1000; over 3 lbs.

$3. per 1000.

Notr.—Cigars, cheroots and cigar-
ettes cannot be imported in quan-
tities of less than 3000. Single
boxes must contain either 25, 50,
I00, 200, 250 Or 500 each, but
not more than 500. Each pack-
age of cigarettes must contain
10, 20, 50 Of 100.

— Scrap, cuttings, clippings ...
Toilet preparations, all kinds,
— soaps... col boc Sep

...40c. per lb.
.. 50 per cent.
..s15c. per lb.

189%

42 THE HUMMING BIRD. [ May 1,
Toys, india rubber ...30 per cent. Down, Canada; and also camel,
— all other Bina Gees «las goat, alpaca and like hair. Un-
Truffles, prepared, preserved aby lise Rit washed or washed 12c.; scoured 36c. per lb.
Twine, flax or linen os ..13¢. per Ib. CLASS III. Carpet wools, viz: Dan-
— istle, fibre, manilla, sisal grass, T-TOC 1 ys skoi, native ene American, Cor-
Type metal, on lead contained LR Ce ly, dova, Valparaiso, native Smyrna,
ae new - Nos ber ca Russian camel's hair, and simi-
ramarine blue. : -..42C. per 1D. lar wools from Turkey, Greece,
Umber, earths, dry, ZC: 5 ground i in oil ...$c. , Egypt, Syria and Re (ex-
Umbrellas, parasols and sunshades, cept improved wools) value not
rs with ote a alpaca --55 per cent. over 13 cents per lb., including
any other materia ce ” charges "22 /perncent
Vanilla beans, not crude.. “ Io yy eee including charges es 2 9
pane ie $r. 32 per gal. and 3D. pp — wools on the skin, same duty as
— hotalconouc ° 9285) > MM other wools.
Vegetables for medicine, dyeing not crude Woolen waste, nails, shobby and top, slub-
back ae sache bing, roving, ring, yarn, garnet-
ae Le hee: Oo see wee sl: ted and all other wastes ... ..30C¢. per lb.
as Ie cn al 2e ner Con — rags, mungo and flocks 2 BOG, Pen:
renal aad a ues ee P ; — yarns, value not over 3oc. per lb.
A ecleecions: ie ge ae ” 274c. per lb and 35 per cent.
Vee FE eo ae over 30c. and not over 4oc. pr. Ib.
Vermicelli.. ….2c. per Ib. See ae ee ae, ans
Vinegar, as per enter. ...74¢. per gal. ob, Gerd and eee goods aa 2
ee Sa tn kinds, Abe ence: all manufactures of every descrip-
ne ; oe na sut 2 tion value not over 3oc.
Vitriol, ee a green, Sores Ee ne lo. rec iprilb aan ae 3
Wall papers, paper hangings san 000 BS gp ONS ant Pee es ‘is i 40
Walnuts, natural and in the brine ...3c. per Ib over 40c. pr eae pr. Ib. and 50 2
Watches and parts of 1 a REP Cent — blankets, hats, and lemmas, value
Wax, fish, sealing, shoemakers ia 20 i vee SNE gees pe lib, 162€ pe 1 36
— all manufactures of . 50 AS ; ; 2
Whalebone, all manufactures he . 30 NÉS and not OMe 40€. ae Ib.

Wheat, (bushel of 60 lbs).
Wheels, or parts of, iron or steel
Willow, for basket makers’ use ...

— manufactures of .. ..40

Wines, champagne, and all sparkling :
(bottles extra, 3c. each), & pts, $2. ;
pints, $4.; quarts... 5
in bottles over 1 qt.
$8. per doz.

— still wines, viz: clarets, burgundies, &c.
&c. and ginger wine, cordial and
vermouth in casks de
in cases of 1 doz. qts. or 2 doz.
pints (no duty on bottles)

— No allowance for leakage or breakage.

Wire, iron or steel covered with cotton,

in excess of

silk or other material, crinoline,
corset and hat wire “LC per lb:
Wood, all manufactures of, ...35 per cent.

Wool, unmanufactured.

CLASSI. Clothing wools, viz : mer-
ino, mestiza, metz, metis. Down
from Buenos Ayres, New Zealand,
Australia, Cape of Good Hope,

Russia, Great Britain, Canada,
and elsewhere, unwashed ..11c. per lb.
washed 22c. pr. lb.; scoured ...33c. per lb.

Class II. Combing Wools, viz:
Leicester, Cotswold, Lincolnshire,

(2 26c. per “bush.
pes per lb.
..30 per cent.

$8. per doz.

..$2.50 per gal.

...5oc. per gal.

...$1.60 per case.

22C. pr. lb. and 35
over 4oc. and not over soc. pr. lb.
33c. pr. lb. and 35
— blankets and hats, value over 5oc.
pra bay. ..384c. per lb. and 40
— flannels value over soc. pr. lb.
— women’s & children’s dress goods.
— coat linings, Italian cloths, &c.
value not over 15c. per sq. yd.
_ 4c. per sq. yd. and 4o
value over 15¢. per sq. yard,
8c. per sq. yd. and 50
on all such goods weighing over
4 oz. per sq. yd. 44c. per lb. and 50
— clothing ready-made, wearing ap-
parel of every description, felts
not woven, plushes, cloaks, dol-
mans, jackets, talamas, ulsters, &c.
495c. per lb. and 60
— beltings, bindings, braces, braids,
buttons, cords, embroideries,
fringes, galloons, gimps, gorings,
laces, nets, ornaments, suspen-
ders, tassels, trimmings, webbings
(elastic or non-elastic), 6oc. per Ib.
and 60
Zinc,.in blocks or pigs
INISREELSEE ane xe 240.
manufactures of. .
THE END.

»,

... 1c. per Ib.

LE]

..45 per cent.

+

May 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD,

List of stuffed Birds for | Nyctiardea europea, S.

Sale.

Tinamus major, G.
Crypturus variegatus, G.

Otis tarda, L. (cited in Vieillot

works )
— Tetrax, L.
Eupodotisdenhami, C..
Sypheotis meee M.
Afrotis afra, G. .
Sypheotides macqueeni G.
Cariama Cristata L.
Psophia crepitans, L. ...
Chauna chavaria, L. ...
Opisthocomus cristatus, L.
Penelope obscura, V. ...
Ortalida motmot, L.

Oreophasis derbiana, CARE

Crax alector, L. ;
Polyplectron chincquis
Phasianus colchicus, L.

— torquatus T.
Chrysolophus pictus,

Gallus sonnerati, T. ...
Creagrius varius, S.
Ceriornis satyra, E. male
Meleagris americana, B.
— ocellata, C.
Tantalus ibis, L. nor
— religiosus, L.
Ibis rubra, L..
— falcinellus, se ss
Carphibis spinicollis. Is

Hagedashia bishagedash, L. oy
— chalcoptera, Vieill, typical...

Theristicus albicolis ,,
Dromas ardeola, P.
Ardea cinerea L de

— melanocephala, V.

— major, L.

— purpurea, L.
Herodias egretta, G. ...

— garzetta, L....

— pealei, B.
Florida ccerulea, L.

— tricolor, M.
Agamia agami, G.
Bubulcus ibis, Jal, y

— speciosus, India
Ardeola comata, P.
Ardetta ras es

— exilis, L.

— scapularis
Zebrilus undulatus, G.

— philippensis ...
Butorides virescens, L.
Botaurus stellaris, L. ...

— lentiginosus …
Tigrisoma brasiliense, L.

— tigrinum, G.

oe

male:
female...
— amherstiæ, male...
female...
Acomus erythropthalmus, R....

5
30
15

— ardeola
Nyctherodius violaceus, L.
Pilherodius pileatus, B.
Scopus umbretta, G. ...
Canchroma cocklearia, L.
Ciconia alba, B

— maguart,G...
Menanopelargus nigra, L.
Xenorhynchus indica, L.

Leptoptilos crumeniferus, C. ...
Cranopelargus javanicus, H....

Platalea leucorodia, L.
— ajaja, L.

Grus cinerea, B.

— antigone, male

— leucogeranus, P.

Anthropoides virgo, L.

Balearica pavonina, L.

Phoœnicopterus antiquorum, T.

Pheenicorodias ruber, L.

Sarkidiornis melanonotus, P.
Plectropterus gambensis, L. ...

Anser segetum, G.

— brachyrynchus, B.
— albifrons, G.
Marilochen erythropus shy

minutus ...

Gea, hyperboreus, Pall.
Branta bernicla, L. ..
Chlamidochen jubata, ity
Leucopareia leucopsis, B.
Rufibrenta ruficollis, P.

Chloephaga magellanica, G. ...

Bernicla leucoptera, G.

Nettapus madasgariensis G. ...
— coromandelicus, L. ...

Cygnus olor, G. ss

— nigricollis, G.

— musicus, B.

— minor, P. Bes
Chenopis atratus, L. ..
Dendrocygna arcuata, C.

— major J.
— viduata, L.
— autumnalis, L.
— mexicana, L.
Tadorna cornuta, G. ...
Casarca rutila, G.
Aix sponsa, L.
— galericulata, L.
Mareca penelope, L. ...

— famericana, G.

— chiloensis, K....
Dafila acuta, L.

Poeciloneta bahamensis, Ce

Anas boschas, L.
— cristata, G.
— gloscitans, P. .
Querquedula cceruleata, L.
— discors, L.

— falcata, G. ope.)

Nethon crecca, L.
torquata, V. pe)
formosa, G...

Ioo
8
50
50

Chaulelasmus strepera, L.

— marmoratus, T.

Marmonetta angustirostris, M.
Spatula clypeata, L.
Fuligula rufina, V.
Fulix rufitorques, B.
— marila, L.

— affinis, E. (Labrador) aa

Aythya ferina, L.
— nyroca, G. a
Bucephala barowi, D.
— clangula, L.
— albeola, L.
— histrionica, L.
Harelda glacialis, L. ...
Stelleria dispar, S.
Somateria mollissima L,
— spectabrlis, Ih,
Oidemia nigra, L. .…
Pelionetta perspicillata, ae
Melanitta fusca, L.

Erismatura leucocephala, Senate

Mergus serrator, L.

— merganser, L,
Lophodytes cucullata, L.
Mergellus albicollis, L.
Colymbus glacialis, L.

— articus, ity
— septentrionalis, Le
Podiceps cristatus, L. .
rubricollis, in
Dytes auritus, L. se

— cornutus, G.
Proctopus nigricollis, S.
Rollandia leucotis, C.
Sylbeocyclus minor, L.
Podiceps carolinensis, L.
Mormon fratercula, C.

— grabee, B,

— glacialis, L.
Utamania torda, L.
Cheniscus cirrhatus, G.
Simorhynchus cristatellus, P.
Phaleris nodirostris, P.
Spheniscus chrysoconius, T.
Aptenodytes patagonica, P.
Brachyramphus argon L. .
Uria grylle, L. me

— troile, L....

— brunicki, Mp

— lachrymans, L.

Artica alle, L. ...

Puffinus major, F. 6
— fuliginosus, S.
— anglorum, C.
— obscurus, G.
— cinereus, S....

— yelcuanus, A.
Procellaria pelasgica, L.

— leucorhoa G.
Pelagodroma fregata, L.
Fulmarus glacialis, L
Cookilaria cooki, G.R. Gr.
Daption capensis, L.

ill

lv

THE HUMMING BIRD.

List OF STUFFED BIRDS FOR
SALE.—{ Continued. ? 16

Prion magnirostris, G. 200
Diomedea exulans, L. S05 LOS)
Thalassarche chlororhynchas,

G. : Bue 80
Stercorarius parasiticus, L. 20
Coprotheres pomarinus, T. 25
Megalesthris catarractes, L. ... 10
Larus maximus, L. 20

— peyreaudi Vieill, 20
— tenuirostris, C. ... 15
— cirrhocephalus, V.

(typical sp.) 20

— canus, V. 12
— flavipes, M. .. 12
— Richardsoni, W. 16
— bonapartei, S. 20
Gabianus pacificus, L. 30
— marinus, L. 20
Clupeilarus fuscus, L. 20
Leucus glaucus, B. 30
— leucopterus, F. 25
Laroides michaelis, B. 16
Adelarus leucopthalmus, LE. 25
— icthyaetus, P. 50

Chroicocephalus ridibundus, 3 8
— capistratus, T. 500
Atricilla atricilla, L. Sem Eo)

Melagavia melanocephala, N. 20
Hydrocoloeus minutus, P. 20
Pagophula eburnea, G. 50
Rissa tridactyla, L. 8

Sterna hirundo, L. ... sai 8

— lactea, alba V. 100
— leucopareia, N. 10
— nigra, S. 30
— dougalli, M. .. 16
Gelichelidon anglica, Mont. . 12
Actochelidon cantiaca, G. 10
— affinis, R. 12
— arctica, A. ... 20
Thalasseus caspiae, P 20
— bergi, L. bho BO
Sternula minuta, L. ... Ret

Hydrochelidon fissipes, L. ... 6
fuliginosa, G. Soe
Anous stolidus, L.
Naenia inca, L.
Rhyncops nigra, L.
Phaeton aethereus, L.
phenicurus, G.
candidus, G.
Plotus anhinga, L.
levaillanti, L.
Carbo cormoranus, M.
sp. N. Zealand .
Desmaresti, P.
albicollis, Sai
gaymardi, L. 40
cristatus, F. (Island)

Pelecanus onocrotalus, L. 80

— crispus, B. TOO
Atagen aquila, L me 50
Polyborides radiatus, S. 20

Circus cyaneus, L.

Swainsoni, S. .

— cinerascens, S. .

= ©; (black variety)

— aeruginosus, L.
Melierax polyzonus, IRs
Astur palumbarius, L.

badius, G....
soloensis, Le va
novae hollandiae, G.
Accipiter nisus, L.

— virgatus, B.

— cooperi, B.

— tinus, L.

— badius, Alleon, Smyrna
Tachytriorchis pterocles, VA
Buteo jakal, D. :

—- ferox, G. (Volga).
desertorum, D.
lineatus, V. Canada.
vulgaris, L.
tachardus, martini, Hard
Wolgay ice god
Archibuteo lagopus, G.
Busarellus nigricollis, L.
Urubitinga niger, V. .
Gypaetus barbatus, S. (very fine
specimen)
Aquila fulva, L.
heliaca S.
— fplanga, V.
rapax, C.
naevia, G. De
LVisaetus Bonnelli, Core
pennatus, G. Turkey...
Circaetus, gallicus, (from
Duchess de Berry eal
Spilornis, bacha D.
Helotarsus ecaudatus, D.
Haliaetus albicillus, L.
leucocephalus, L.
leucoryphus G.
Monts Altai
Gypohierax angolensis, G.
Haliastur ponticerianus, G. .
Elanoides furcatus, L.
Nauclerus riocourt, V.
Milvus regalis, B.
govinda, S.
aegyptus, G.
aetolius, V.
Rostramus hamatus, V.
Elanus coeruleus, D. be
melanopterus, B. Volga...
Gampsonyx swainsoni, V.
Pernis apivorus, L. …
Harpagus diodon, T....
Ictinia plumbea, G. spe
Microhierax coerulescens, L....
Falco communis, G. ...
— pealei, KR.
barbarus, L.
lanarius graecus, S.
subbuteo, L.

, typical

S.
8
16
8

730

[ May 1, 1891
Ss.
Falco aesalon, L. oes HO
— aurantius, G. 10
— chicquera, D. 20
— concolor, C. (leg. ‘imper.) 30
— asia, M. 30
ÎTierofalco candicans, 6. (Tem.
Collection). ... 80
oo £yrfalco, ie , Norway 50
= Lapponia 60
GTA (Go ‘ooo 20
Cerchneis tinnuncula, L. ... 6
— punctata, T. 12
— sparveria, L. eras
— tinnunculoides, ve 12
— vespertina, L. 12
Pandion haliætus, L. 30
Gyps fulvus, occidentalis
G. Sardinia ar 100
Otogyps auricularts, De 100
Neophron percnopterus, L. 30
Sarcoramphus gryphus, L.
very old male. ete 1200
Cathartes papa, L. … Ma MSO
Catharistes atrata, B.... 20
Oenops aura. L. dc 20
Polyborus brasiliensis, G. 20
Ibycter americanus, B. 20
— chimango. ae 10
Bubo turcomanus, E. 60
— ascalaphus, 8. 40
— atheniensis A. ... So
— magellanicus, G. eee ey
Scops aldrovandi, B. ... IS)
— leucotis, T. 20 12
Nyctea scandiaca. L. ... 40
Surnia ulula, L. Arkangel 40
— -— N. America. ... 20
Carine noctua, S. aa ESC
— brama, C! sat SE TE
— persica, V. . Bah Ha)
Speotypo cunicularia, M. 10

Glaucidium passerinum, L. ke 5
perlatum V. (yge).

occipitalis, T. 40

— { ferruginea,:B. IO
Asio otus, L. on 10
— brachyotus, L. 10
Syrnium aluco, L. 5 12
— lapponicum, R. 60
— uralense, P. 50
— nebulosum, a 40
Nyctala tengmalmi, G. 10
MACAUIC A Crere Le 6
Strix flammea, ies 12
— javanica, T. 12

All these birds are in fine CR
and mounted by experienced hands.

FOR SALE,
Several hundred species of Reptiles,
Fishes and Crustaceae, in alcohol,
from Mexico, Central America,
Cuba, New Guinea etc.

May 1, 1891] THE HUMMING BIRD. Vv
STAMPS (continued). s. d,
MONTHLY LIST OF STAMPS. Great Britain (1840), 1d. black, fine copy... 2
. As (1840), 1d red on bluish paper unused 9
pee D 1840, 10d. brown, uncut fine copy 2 6
5e do. do. do. unused 15 0
FOR SALE rs 1863, pink, unused By 3
2 » lilac, do. 3 0
8. d. 1867, 3d. rose, wmk. spray plate 6 unused 5 0
Brazil, 1843, large figure 60. R fine copy... 2 6 1884, £1, oblong ... . oe 3 6
British Bechuanaland, 1881, 1d. without surcharge ... 4 setof 8 Gov. Parcels... ss 4 0
i UCI Co dois 4 Grenada, 1881, 4d. black and purple ... 6
Be , 1d. with se 4 ” » 34 black and lake o 1 6
gd dos, 4 id. on 2s. orange, black and | green . 1 6
% ¢ 6d. do. i @ India, 1854, 4 Annas, blue and red, uncut... oe: 2,
Z % sohonnifon ! 2 0 + 1866, 6, a, Provisional lilac and green Ist type 3:
British Columbia, 1868, 2 cents. on 3d. brown, unused 9 ” do. do. do. do. do 2nd GES 6:
», 25 cents. yellow and violet . 2 3 2) 1882, 12 annas, brown on red .
British Guiana, 1863, 24 cents. green . 6 | New South ‘Wales, 1851, 3d. on blue paper fine copy 5 0
ñ 1889, 1 cent. black and purple : 9 ” 1854, 3d. on white paper . 3 6
i » 2 cents do. do. cas i Al a 1856, 6d. palates grey brown a itmpert.
. . do. with red 2 Bee a 6 grand COPY 3 0
“3 » 8 cents black and purple... 1206 ” 1860, 3d. green, wink., 3 . 6
set of 4 for OL ” » , 3d. green, wmk., 6. 2 0
» , 1cent on 1 dollar pa 9 a 1864, 2d. blue wmk. single line 2 4
, 1 do. 2 dollars 9 D 1, do. double line 2 ... 66 1 0
a FT oo 9 do. double line 5 ... 3 9
2 29 Q .
Modo Ado: 1 3 | New Zealand, 1863, is. green fine copy 9
4 set of 4 for 4 0 | Norway, 1870, 1 Krone, green ... 60 6
ie 1d. k. 1 » 2 do. carmine 000 006 200 6
Beebe Hondures, 1s. Le de 2 2 Oldenburg, 1859, 1 Gr. black on blue ... où onc 1 8
“ 1s. wmk. CC, and crown . 1 6 | Queensland, 1882,.£1 green... Ne ENS KO
Canada, 34. oblong, fine copy ... i 6d. yellow, Registered unused... co AD)" D
Cape of Good Hope, 4d. blue triangular, fine copy . 6 Russia ae : ee Fee 980 soc see 1 A
2d. d 4 GAL cee ee 2 LUE 8
SEH eee ee > à | Siam, 1883, Att, 2 Atts, 4 Atts and 16 Atts and set of
= a é 4 used 1 6
» 1864, af Hs unused 04, used : South Australia, 1859, 1 yellow, roul . a 3 6
ie ” Bd. green, pinion D LR 1 3 | Tasmania, 1870, 1d. wmk.10 … … … 2 6
, ” 6d. brown, ” 2s.. 99 1 3 ” "39 24. wmk. 2 ee ooo eee 1 0
t 10d. orange-red 35. 1 3 9 1882, Fiscal Postals 3d. brown... 000 1 0
AT deep mauve ,, 38, ., 1 0 | Turks Islands, 1d. dull rose, wmk. star . 1 0
a rose M7 ra 1 9 | Urugay, set of 4, surcharged Official … 2 0
5 à 8d.brown, On à à | Victoria, 1873, 10d. slate 4 0
; » 28. blue, 2 0
+ One Rupee Twelve Cents in words on (2 R, 50 cents) LG WANTED. ‘
,, service Postage, 1d. black and blue ‘ 2 6 Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to
Costa Rica, set of 5 for ... 40 8 | which none have been added since the last 20 years.
Faridhot, set of 37, different 12 6 Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-
France. 1852, 10 centimes, buff, fine copy 3 6 | ally Colonials and old German states.
Gibraltar, 10 centimes on 1d. unused .. 6 Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.
A 25 “do: on 2d. ,, or used .. 2 0 Old unused English and Colonials.
as 25 do. on 24d. used . 4 Old works on stamps.
Fi 75 do. on ls. unused 2 0 Proofs of stamps, etc. etc.
TO ETHNOLOGISTS. TO MUSEUMS, ETHNOLOGISTS, etc
FOR SALE.
IGN ROIS CENTER AQU NTA eBoy QUE A Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America
African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s. : 9 . front Ga
Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very Statuettes representing the Indians of Mexico and Guatemala
nicely carved Price 30s. each. from 3s.

' Pagaie from New Guinea, made of palm tree Price 30s.

Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what
appears to be Musicians, two large figures i in the centre and
six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is
quite unique, and no Museum in the world possesses anything
like it Price £50.

A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central
America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, etc. from 5s.

Hats, Baskets, Mats and various Objects made with palm
leaves and various textile plants, from Central America, Mada-
gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.

Samples of Textile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal
Plants, etc. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.

Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from Is.

Etc., etc., etc.

TO BE LET

Several Splendid VILLAS, with Beautiful Gardens,

at SAN REMO, the well known Winter Resort,

OR SOLD.

40 minutes from MONTE CARLO.

Apply at the Office of the Journal,

vi THE HUMMING BIRD.

[ May x, 1891

BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO.

NATURALISTS AND FEATHER MERCHANTS,
225, High Holborn, London, W.C., England.

COMMISSION.

EXPORTATION.

Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural
History, Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all

orders pinned and set, or in papers
Crustaceæ and Arachnidæ in spirit;
Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists;
Artificial Florists ;
etc., etc.

; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ;
Ethnological collections from all parts;
Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for
Rare old Stamps, used and unused ; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, etc.,

Showy Bird Skins and

All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottier
& Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best

prices for them.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. beg to advise Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they

undertake to stuff from a Humming Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices.

Only experienced and

scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for that work, which will always be of the best class.
An inspection of their Galleries, where a large number of specimens are always on show, is solicited.
Special fabrication of Mammats and Birps Evss at wholesale prices which defy all competition, either

as quality or price. See special Advertisement.

New Sranps For Birps, suitable for Museums and Scientific Institutions.

No one should be without

them. The appearance of the Birds on these stands is unequalled, and everyone should adopt them and

renovate the old ones. See Advertisement.

TO BOOKSELLERS AND OTHERS.

Boucard. Catologus Avium, English or French preface, Syste-
matic Classification of Birds, 8s. instead of 12s.
Catalogue of Birds, published by the British Museum.
Vol. 1 to 6inclusive. The first three Volumes are out of

print. Price £10.
Hand List of Birds, Gray, published by the British Museum.
3 vol. 8vo. Price 25s.

Guide pour collecter, préparer et expédier des Collections
@histoire naturelle. S.

Guia para colectar, conservar y despachar Colecciones de
historia natural. 1s.

Petit Atlas d'Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
les plus connus, dessinés d’après nature par Martinet,
Paris, 1784.

1 Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition. Contents :
Mpitre à Buffon, Tableau général du classement des Oiseaux
livisés d’après Buffon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou
Familles. 150 splendid coloured plates par Martinet. Exceed-

ingly rare. £50.
America, by John Ogilby Esq., London, 1671. Grand in folio,
675 pages, 121 splendid Engravings and Maps. £30.
Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, etc., by Don Antonio Solis,
Brusselas, 1741.
1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Engravings and Maps. ees
1 to 9 slightly stained. £20
Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva Espana, by Rey.
Bernardino de Sahagun, con notas y suplementos, por
Carlos Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in
4to., uncut. £5.
Historia de las Conquistas de Hernando Cortez, por Francisco
Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas y addiciones, por Carlos
Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. in 4to, 315 pp.
£2.

Tezcoco en los ultimos tiempos de sus antiguos Reyes.
Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos de Boturini y redac-
tados por el Lic. Mariano Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol-
16mo, 276 pages. £2.

Jatecismo y Declaracion de la Doctrina Christiana en lengua
OTOMI, con un Vocabulario del mismo idioma, por el
R. P. Joaquin Lopez Yepes, Mexico, 1826. 1 Vol. in 4to,
254 pages. £4.

D. R. Kampuysens Stichtelyke Rymen, by M. Mathieu, ee
terdam, 1688. 1 Vol. in 8vo., 680 pages.

Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno Catecismo i Be
en el idioma MEXICANO, por un Sacerdote devoto de la
Madre santissima de la Luz, etc.

Puebla, 1819. 1 Vol., 67 double pages, one side in Mexican,
the other in Spanish. £2 10
Various Calendarios Mexicanos, 1830 to 1860. 2s. each.

STANDS, NEW STYLE.
Wholesale Price.

No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per hundred
» 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s. 3
» 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. A
» 4 ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small
Hawks at 32s. a
» 5 » Small Hawks to Large Hawks
and Owls at 40s. Ap

ARTEFICIAL KEYES.
Wholesale Price.

Black Coloured

per gross

Cornered
& Veined
per doz.pairs per doz. pairs

Cornered

No.lto4 6d. 1s.6d. No.4to6 3s.6d. As. 6d.
Bop CE Qs. 6d. » 7, 8 5s. 0d. 6s. Od.
» 95,10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. » 9 6s. 0d. 88: 0d.
» 11 2s.0d. 5s. 6d. » 10 7s.0d. 9s. Od.
» 12 2s.3d. 7s. Od. » ll 8s.0d. 10s. Od.
» 18 2s.6d. 10s. 0d. » 12 9s. 0d. 11s. Od.

doz. of pairs
» 14 3s.0d. 1s. 6d. » 13 10s. 0d. 12s. Od.
» 15 35.64. 2s. 6d. » 14 11s. 0d. 13s. Od.
» 16 4s.0d. 2s. 6d. » 15 18s: 0d. 15s. Od.
» 17 8s.0d. 3s. Od: Larger sizes can be made
18 12s.0d. 4s. 0d. to order.

"Nr. 1 to 4 are gocd for humming birds and others up to
the size of Tanagers.
No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies.
No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls.
No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc.
No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc.

LONDON : Published by A. BOUCARD, at 225, High Holborn, W.C.; and Printed at J.S. LE VIN'S Steam Printing Works, 75, Leadenhall Street, E.C,
May 1, 1891.

VOL, NO.6. |

A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

June l, 1891.

Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ; all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.
All other countries, 6 shillings.

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

Vio ADOM PE ba DOUCARD,

| NATURALIST,
Officier d’Académie, 1878; Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;
Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1865;
de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l’ Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1880;
Member of the international Jury, Paris, 1889 ; Member of many scientific societies ;

Boucard’s Private Collections of Coleoptera and
Shells for sale.

Notes on Rare Species of Humming Birds and
Descriptions of several supposed New Species
in Boucard’s Museum.

Description of a supposed New Species of Paradise |
Bird in Boucard’s Museum.

CONTENTS OF No. 6.—JUNE 1, 1891.

|

-[ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.]

| PRICE SIXPENCE,

Poor Rate and General Rate Taxes in the Parishes

Giles in the Fields and St. George,
Bloomsbury.

The Panama Canal, Rapport de Monsieur Bonaparte
Wyse sur le Canal de Panama.

Books and Journals Received.

List of Birds for Sale, &c., &c.

ii THE HUMMING BIRD.

[June 1, 1891.

FOR SALE.—Shells.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.
LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE SHELLS.

Glandinidæ, 15. each. Helicidæ, 6d. each. Bulimidæ
15. each. Achatinidæ, 1s. each. Chlindrellidæ, 15. 62.
each. Clausilidæ, 34. each. Ampularidæ, 64. each.
Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclosto-
nidæ, 64. each. Helicinidæ, 34%. each. Unio,
‘Anodonta, and Ostrea, 64. each.

Marine Shells—4/7 the Collection including
Argonyuta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa,
Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, ‘l'erebra, Conus, Sfrombus,
Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo,
Venus, Cardium, &c., 6d. each.

Can be divided if required.

All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office.

Insects Coleoptera.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.

Cicindelidæ, including types of Oxygonia,
Boucardi Chey, Cincindela costaricensis and others,
2s.each. Carabidæ, including many types, 1s. each.
Dytiscidæ, 64. each. Staphylinidæ, 34. each.

Pselaphidæ, Gnostidæ, Paussidæ, Scydmaenide,
Silphidæ, Scaphididæ, Histeridæ, Nitidulidæ, Trog-
ositidæ, Rhyssodidæ, Cucujidæ, Cryptophagide,
Derodontidæ, Latrididæ, Mycetophagidæ, Dermestidæ
Byrrhidæ, Parnidæ, and Heteroceridæ, 34. each.
Lucanidæ and Passalidæ, including many types, 15.
each. Copridæ, 64. each. Melolonthidæ, 64. each,
Rutelidæ, including all the types of Plusiotis,
Chrysina, Heterosternus, 25. each. Scarabæidæ, 15.
each. Cetonidæ, 1s. each. Buprestidæ, 15. each.
Trixagidæ, Monommidæ, Eucnemidæ, and Elateridæ,
6d. each. Cebrionidæ. Rhipidoceridæ, Dascillidæ,
and Malacodermidæ, 34. each. Cleridæ, 64. each.
Lymexilonidæ, Cupesidæ, Ptinidæ, Bostrychidæ, and
Cioidæ, 32. each. Tenebrionidæ, 34. each. Nilion-
idæ, Pythidæ, Melandryidæ, Lagriidæ, Pedilidæ.
Anthicinæ, Pyrochroidæ, Mordellidæ, and Rhipidoph-
oridæ, 34. each. Cantharidæ, 67. each. Cephaloide,
Oedemeridæ, and Mycteridæ, 34. each. Curculionidæ
and Scolytidæ, 34. each. Brenthidæ and Anthotribidæ,
6d. each. Cerambycide, 15. each: Bruchidæ, 34. each.
Chrysomelidæ, 34. each. Cassididæ, 64. each.
Languridæ and Erotylidæ, 64. each. Tritomidæ and
Coccinellidæ, 34. each.

TO ORNITHOLOGISTS.
FOR SALE.

Fine mounted specimen of Alca impennis, the Great Auk,
(extinct species). Pedigree from date of capture, 1836, will
be given to buyer.

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of
bird Reinhardtia ocellata Bp., the greatest discovery of the
century. Price £50

LIST OF DESIDERATA OF PHAN A®‘TI.

Achilles Bohem, Guayaquil. Bitias Har., Mexico.
Charon Har., Guayaquil. Columbi, Mc L., female,
Hastifer Germ., male, Brazil. Foveolatus Har.,
Guayaquil. Horus Waterh. Reiche, Brazil. Melibceus
Blanch, Chiquitos. Mirabilis Har., Brazil. Noctis

Bates, Colombia and Nicaragua, etc. Perseus Har.
Colombia. Pteroderus Reiche in litt, Uruguay
Rhadamanthus Ear., Brazil. Rosalia Fabr.? America,
Tepanensis Bates, Tepan. Thalassinus Perty, Brazil.

Steinheili. Har:, male and female. Guatemalensis,
Har., male. Beltianus, male’ Scutifer, Bates, male
and female. Lunaris, Tasch, male. Actæon, Erichs,
male and female. Bispinus, Bates. Cadmus, Har.
Dejeani, Har., female. Lautus, Macleay, male.
Silenus, Cast, male and female. Spinifer, Cast, male
and female.

List of Pittidae for Sale.

Pitta strepitans, Australia, 5s.; — maxima, N. Guinea
10s.; — brachyura Malacca, 85.; — bengalensis,
India, 8s. ; — elegans, Malacca, tos.; — cyanurus,
Java, 16s.; — arcuata, Borneo, 30s.; — granatina,
Borneo, 8s.; — erythrogaster, Philippines, tos. ;
— mackloti, N. Guinea, tos.; -— rosenbergi, N.
Guinea, 305.; — nove guineæ, N. Guinea, fos ;
— mulleri, Borneo, 105.; — cucullata, India, 8s. ;
— — Var, Malacca, 85. ; — coerulea, Malacca 16s. ;

Philepitta castanea, Madagascar, 125.

FOR SALE.— From Kina Balu (Borneo).
Calyptomena whiteheadi, male, 100s. | A magnifi-
cent bird, discovered lately by Mr. Whitehead in the
interior of Borneo. Many other species from the
same collector (magnificent skins).

FOR SALE.

A magnificent bound copy of T. A. Naumann’s
Naturgeschichte der Vogel Deutschlands, 13 vols. in
4to and 391 coloured plates. Apply at the office of
the Journal.

FOR SALE.

Collection of Woods from all parts of the world.
2,000 blocks nicely cut. Manuscript catalogue over
2vols. Awarded gold medal at International Exhi-
bition. For price and particulars apply at the office
of the Journal.

Fine group of Harpyornis feeding on a Dendrolagus.
Two rare species of mammal and bird, from New
Guinea. Price £12. Fourteen species of Carabus
from Chili. In the most perfect condition. 23
specimens, at 5s. each.

Postage Stamps
FOR SALE.

A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts
of the World. For prices &c. apply to Naturalists Agency,
225, High Holborn, W.C.

WANTED.

Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to
which none have been added since the last 20 years.

Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-
ally Colonials and old German states.

Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.

Old unused English and Colonials.

Old works on stamps.

Proofs of stamps, etc. etc.

June 1, 1801,

>. oe

THE HUMMING BIRD. ili

EE OU CAE»,

NATURALIST,

DEALER IN

MAMMAL AND BIRD SKINS, REPTILES, FISHES, INSECTS, SHELLS, EGGS,
SEEDS, etc. ete, etc. etc, ete,
PURCHASE.—SALE.—EXCHANGE.

Collections and Libraries bought and sold on Commission.
225, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.oC.

A. BOUCARD undertakes the sale of Collections
and Books of natural history ; and offers his services
to Scientific Institutions and Authors, for the sale
of their Works.

The situation of his establishment in the centre
of London, and his relations with the principal
Museums of Natural History in all parts of the
world, offer great opportunities for the sale of the
Collections and Books which may be intrusted to his
care.

He can procure for his clients zoological collec-
tions from all parts of the world; as well as scientific
Books and Apparatus for collecting and preserving
collections. All offers of purchase or sale submitted
to him will be carefully examined and answered
immediately.

A. B. wishing to increase the number of his Corre-
spondents in all parts, begs all persons who have
collections, to communicate with him, for the pur-
chase or exchange of their duplicates on advantageous
terms.

Museums and Scientific Institutions are invited to
send him a list of their desiderata, which he will
undertake to suppy in reasonable time, even in the
case of the rarest animals wanted.

Professors who require specimens of natural history
for study preserved im alcohol or otherwise, can send
their instructions, which will be well attended to,

A. B. reminds his Friends and Naturalists in
general, that he has now in store 30,000 species of
Insects, 6,500 species of Birds, Mammals, Reptiles
and Fishes, Eggs, Shells, Seeds, many bright Insects
for Jewellers, Florists and Modists, etc., etc., etc., etc.

Every month he receives new Collections from his
Travellers and Correspondents.

A.B. is very much interested with Coleoptera from
Vancouver, Oregon, California, Sonora, Texas, New
England, Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras,
Costa Rica, Veragua, Nicaragua, and Panama. He
wishes to acquire collections from these countries,
either by exchange or by purchase.

He thanks sincerely all his Friends and Corre-
spondents who have honoured him with their

patronage to the present time, and hopes they will
help him in the work he has undertaken ; which is
to facilitate to all the study of Natural History.

FOR SALE

CHEAP COLLECTIONS FOR STUDY AS UNDER:

Typical Collection of Birds classified and named
after the celebrated works of Professors Bonaparte,
Gray, Gould, Sclater, etc. 100 specimens £8 O 0

Typical Collections of Insects (specimens
of all the orders)

Typical Collection of Insects Coleoptera,
classified and named after the celebrated
Genera cf Professor Lacordaire

100 specimens £1 0 0

Collection of Insects of all orders

100 specimens £1 0 0

Typical Collection of Insects Coleoptera,
by family, genus, or country 100 specimens £1 0 0

Collection of Bright Insects Coleoptera,
classified and named 100 specimens £1 O0 0

Typical Collection of Marine, Land and
Fresh Water Shells, classified and named
after the celebrated works of Prof. Pfeifers,

Chenu, Reeves, Deshayes, etc. 100 specimens £1 0 0

These collections are proper for Museums, Scien-
tific Institutions and Schools, as well as for all
persons who desire io study Natural History.

They contain many rare species, and my purpose
in disposing of them at such a low price is to make
them accessible to every one.

This Study will procure infinite enjoyment to all
those who will dedicate themselves to it.

With the love of Collections, there are no more
useless walks, all is interesting, each day you dis-
cover new marvels of Nature.

They are very good for acquiring order and know-
ledge, and you become useful to your country by
your discoveries.

£100

iv THE HUMMING BIRD.

Who can deny that the greatest part of the revenues
of all Governments is due to those learned men who
have dedicated themselves to this science ?

Cotten, Tobacco, Potatoes, Coffee, Tea, Indigo,
Cochineal, Silk are all products of nature, and some
travellers (mostly naturalists) are those who have
been to search for them, sometimes at very remote
countries at the cost of their lives, to try their ac-
climatation in their own country or to make known
their value and their goodness.

Much has been done; but the field of explorations
is still very large, and many Centuries will pass
before it is drained.

Therefore, every one must work boldly and
encourage every where these studies which are un-

happily too much neglected at the present time.

For that it is necessary that all those, who have
zoological riches accumulated, give their duplicates
to scientific Institutions or to young and poor
amateurs, or dispose of them at very low prices acces-
sible to every one.

It is also necessary that all the Governments
should give important prizes and rewards to all those
who make new discoveries useful to their country,
and encourage by all means the study of this science
which is sure to produce fruitful results to the benefit
of Humanity.

AGENCE DES NATURALISTES,

225, HIGH HOLBORN,
LONDON, W.C.

OISEAUX A VENDRE.

francs douz.

1 Pigeon sauvage 2e LR see aS ms
2 Perruches diverses ... Rit boahne to ae
3 Canard Mandarin ... ws Bae BO) 5;
4 Perdrix rouge ae MoN 5
5 Petites chouettes (Scops) Aa F3 0 Fe
6 Chouettes moyennes a Bap ate) _
7 Grandes chouettes diverses . Sars GO ;,
8 Martin pécheur, (peaux plates) one MOSS Bi
9 Roller 656 CUITE 5
To Sui manga du Sénégal ane SR ”
it ALSWSS de faisans et de tetras Ue EET Ones

12 Merle métallique de la Nlle. Guinée 12 Re

13 Merle bleu du Gabon DAT io)
14 Merle bleu à longue queue. 2 59
15 Merle a longue queue d’ Amérique... 36 5
16 Petits trogons divers et rete 12 3
17 Couroucou a longue queue... 250 5
18 Tangara orange du Mexique Bee MeZXe) 5;

Tangara orange du Brésil ... ted ae Tee 5
19 Chouette effraie .... ss do. 0® es
20 Grand martin pécheur gris ... 208 0 à
21 Colin de la Californie se Sos TR a
22 Etourneau gris à tête noire... BEM oO 3

23 Grande brève de la Nile. Guinée ... 36 ae
24 Etourneau d'Europe we Se Ke 34

| June 1, 1891
francs douz.

25 Poitrine de héron oe a eb ABO D
26 Ptarmigan ... : Hae NA je
27 Pigeon de Nicobar .. 125 =
28 Momot x longue queue (nouvelle

espèce pour la mode) . AU OO i:
29) herdrix dellfindee =: #3. LS 02 uA
30 Petite outarde ies ie soot AUS) k
20 Éupper d'Afrique Me sta PARLE
32 Queues de gélinottes +: MOOG EEN
33 Paradis rouge 180 NS
34 Paradis jaune 250 55
35 Epimaque d’Australie = 300 “
36 Epimaque de la Nile. Guinée 250 5
37 Pic a baguettes sh ENA OA huts
38 Ara rouge (peaux plates) ... shee LAO es
39 Geai d'Amérique ……. LE By AO) Fe
40 Coq de roche Bt ae 0 66 x
41 Pie sanglante a. ak: vise | ANS) i
42 Mouette ne nd LE MTS i
43 Goeland ae on ah 1 GTS Ls
44 Hirondelle de mer ... aa SDS 4
45 Hirondelle minuta ... el 420 *
46 Faisan a dos de feu... tk 1220 Re
47 Tangara à cinq couleurs... he ay ss
48 Jaseur , ar ele. Bs
49 Tangaras divers brillants a ET Fa
50 Guit guit à tète bleue ws eeehaane2 fe
51 Guit guit vert chatoyant ... Mae Ue bs
52 Hirondelle a longue queue... see aL 4
53 wourterellests Bas see eat DO 5
54 Hirondelle à queue courte ... AO, Be
55 Etourneau blanc à ailes bronzées ... 6 Me
56 Régent He Lg Le sae SO 1
57 Perroquet strigops 2200 Là
58 Méléagre doré 56 me OOO i,
59 Grébe (peaux plates) oe SAN URN ae
60 Corbeau des oe sb DATES Da
61 Faisan argus. ; Me bow GIS) me
62 Lophophore .. bes e210 5
63 Aigrette jaune (peaux plates) Seem 20) ee
64 Couroucou de la Colombie .. DZ ai
65 Bécassines et pluviers bi DS ITS À
66 Oiseaux de proie assortis and suo 74
67 Orioles assortis eh thes Sa LO a
68 Pie grièches assortis... qu eT +
69 ‘Tangara rouge AALS 2
70 Etourneau à “épaulette rouge | henna 5
71 Etourneau du Mexique ... yd eee à
72 Gobe mouche royal... 120 es
73 Gobe mouches Ascorties OS ae ce 2 a
74 Manakin à tête rouge ath PA TRE rs
15 — a tête jaune ae NEC 5
76 a ASSOLtISN eae sigs ALU #
77 Oiseaux divers assortis io ad 20) a
78 Oiseau mouche vert-brillant (petit) .. 6 5
19 — 2 hAmetnySte tee PEN 5
80 — — bleu (grand) tt 120 5s
81 — — vert (grand) SEO ss
82 Rubis topaze.. FRET? vs
83 Oiseau mouche ea longue queue i a %
84 Oiseaux mouches males assortis 6a 12 FY;
85 — femelles — 2140
Nora.—Un escompte important sera fait aux acheteurs

Cil SFOS.

June x, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD.

43

Ghe Humming Bud,

Notes on Rare Species of Humming Birds
and Descriptions of Several Supposed

New Species in Boucard’s Museum.
By A. Boucard.

Continued from page 18 and 26.

HEMISTEPHANIA JOHANNAE BOURC
DORYPHORA JOHANNAE GOULD.

Male.—Forehead, metallic blue, with violet reflec-
tions ; upper surface, bronze green, golden on neck ;
upper tail coverts, grayish blue ; tail, black with bluish
hue ; under surface, glossy bluish black, greenish on
the flanks ; undertail coverts, violet blue ; tail, bluish-
black with grey tips ; bill, black.

Length, 44; wing, 24 ; tail, 13 ; bill, 1.

Habitat, Columbia, Guiana.

Female. —Forehead, metallic green ; upper surface,
bronze green, coppery on head and neck ; upper tail
coverts, grayish blue ; tail, black, largely tipped with
grey underneath ; under surface greenish grey ; bill,
black.

It is this bird which has been described under the
name of 2. euphrosinae by Messrs. Mulsant and
Verreaux ; but having received a certain number of
males and females from Columbia and Guiana I am
perfectly satisfied that the name of A. euphrosinae
must be considered as a synonym of 7. /ohannae.

I have a pair of this species collected in British
Guiana by Mr. H. Whitely ; the female has a golden
grey under surface instead of greenish gray. It may
be a question of age.

HEMISTEPHANIA LuDovIcIAE, Bourc AND MULS.

Male.—Forehead, metallic green ; crown and nape,
coppery green ; back, golden green ; upper-tail coverts,
bluish green ; tail, black ; under surface golden gray ;
under-tail coverts, gray with bluish refl2ctions ; tail,
black, tipped with grey ; bill, black ; wings, purple.

Total length, 44 ; wing, 24; tail, 14; bill, 14.

Habitat, Columbia, Bolivia.

Female.—Forehead, metallic gold ; upper surface
exactly as the male ; under surface, more golden gray
than in the male.

A new species could be made with this bird in
consequence of the colour of the forehead ; but I
believe that they are only sexes, and the specimens
which have no metallic frontal spot are only young
individuals. It would be very interesting that com-
petent naturalists should collect large series of both
sexes of this species to elucidate the question of
knowing if the two sexes have frontal spots.

Among my specimens of this species, I have one
from Merida (Venezuela), and another from Bolivia,
collected by the late Buckley. They are exactly the
same as the specimens from Columbia. Some have
much longer bills than others, and are also larger in
size ; but none so large as A. vectirostris from
Ecuador. If, contrary to my expectations, it should
prove a different species, I propose the name of
Hi. aurifrons for it.

BELLONA SUPERBA, N.SP. ; i

Male.—¥orehead crest golden green, with the
elongated feathers of crest bluish ; upper surface, dark
grass green, darker on the back ; tail, purplish black ;
throat, dark grey; under surface, purplish black ;
wings, steel black.

Total length 34 ; wing 1 ; tail x ; bill 4.

Female.—Forehead, dark green ; upper surface, dark
golden green, appearing black on neck ; chin, grey ;
rest of under surface, dark grey, nearly black ; wing,
purplish brown ; tail, purplish black ; bill and feet,
black.

Habitat, St. Vincent.

I have a fine series of this new species, which
differs considerably from Bellona cristata by the form
of the crest, which is pointed as in Z. exi/s, and has
not the deep blue colour of B. cristata.

_LESBIA, BOLIVIANA, N.SP.

Male.—Upper surface, breast and flanks, golden
green ; throat, metallic golden green ; wings, purplish
brown ; vent, deep buff ; under tail coverts, buff, with
a very narrow central band golden green ; tail, purple
black ; the six central rectrices black at base, with half
their apical metallic golden green; the black is
scarcely conspicuous, the two next purple black, with
metallic golden tips, and the two outermost ones,
purple black, with a scarcely visible golden tip, and
the basal third of outer web rufous grey ; bill, black.

Total length, 72; wing, 22 ;tail, 54; bill, 2.

I have only one specimen of this fine species,

collected in Bolivia by the late well-known collector,

Buckley.
The principal difference between this species and

Lesbia nuna consists in its golden colour of the throat,
and the general colour of the bird, which is golden

instead of grass green.

Description of a supposed New Species of
Paradise Bird in Boucard’s Museum.
By A. Boucard.

I have bought lately several specimens of Paradise
Birds, which £ took for Semzoptera Wadllacet ; but
having compared these birds with ithe specimens
which I have in my collection, specimens collected by
Mr. Alfred Wallace in Batchian, I was agreeably
surprised to see that they were quite different, and
now I propose for that new species the name of
Semioptera Gould, as a feeble homage to the memory
of him, which I think will rank among the greatest
Naturalists of the nineteenth centuiy. I have not the
least doubt that if so many eminent Ornithologists
exist actually in England, it is in great part due to
the great impulse given by the late John Gould to the
study of that special branch of Natural History, by
the publication of so many splendid works, edited by
him during his life. John Gould was not only an
eminent naturalist, but also an incomparable artist,
and his works will always rank among the best. He
was such an enthusiastic ornithologist, that even at
death’s door he was hard at work at his favourite
study, and we may say of him that he died of a noblé

death as a warrior in the field of battle.
_ SEMIOPTERA GOULDI, N.SP.

Male—Forehead, glossy dark purple, with rosy

44 THE HUMMING BIRD.

SS naan

reflections, a dark, straight, rufous brown tuft over the
bill ; lobes and cheeks of same colour, forming in part
like a mosaic coronet round the forehead, all the rest
of upper part dark brown ; wings and tail, pale brown,
especially on external edges ; chin, rufous ; throat and
breast, dark metallic green ; the ornamental feathers
of breast reaching the legs, two ornamental feathers
starting from the primaries, of nearly the same length
as wing, very pale brown, nearly white ; lower part of
breast and vent, dark brown at base, remainder
metallic green ; flanks, abdomen and under-tail coverts,
dark rufous ; legs and bill, fleshy colour.

Total length, 11 inches; wing, 52 ; tail, 4 ; bill, 14.

Female.—Forehead, dark brown, with glossy purple
reflections, all the rest of upper and under part red-
dish brown ; primaries and rectrices yellowish brown.

Length, same as male.

Habitat, one of the islands close to New Guinea ;
but I have not been able to ascertain which.

The principal difference between this species and
S. Wallace's, lies in the colour of the forehead, in its
general colour, which is of much darker brown, and
in its smaller size.

2

Poor Rate and General Rate Taxes in the

Parishes of St. Giles in the Fields and

St. George, Bloomsbury.

I have just received Demand Note of Rates due
and payable April 27th, 1891.

From 109 my assessment has been increased to
4134 I was so surprised at such increase that I
went immediately to the Vestry Offices and inquired
from Mr. Henry Hulford, the Collector of Rates for
the said Parishes, the reason of such increase in my
assessment. With his usual urbanity Mr. Henry
Hulford told me that this was the result of the last
assessment made for the parish. He asked me what
was my rent, and after I told him he said it was quite
right, as the assessment was based on the rent paid
by leaseholders, that it was the law of the country,
and that nothing could be done.

I have to thank Mr. Henry Hulford for the infor-
mation he gave me, but I must say that I am at a
loss to know why the assessment is fixed on the rent
paid, and not on the real value of the ground and
premises. Everyone knows that some districts of
London are increasing in value and others are
decreasing.

Well, I think the Parishes of St. Giles in the Fields
and St. George is in the latter case for business
purposes at least. It is not enough west for the
custom of the rich and aristocratic families, and it is
not enough east for the wholesale trade as carried in
the City. All the rich families have emigrated far
West, and South and West Kensington with Piccadilly
and Regent Street are the London districts patronized
by aristocracy.

In these circumstances it seems than instead of
increasing the assessments on properties situated in
the Parishes of St. Giles in the Fields and St. George,
it should have been the reverse.

Now as to the manner of assessing. It is valued
according to the rent actually paid by the leaseholder.

[ June 1, 1891

The defects of this procedure can immediately
be seen.

If you have contracted a lease at a high rent, be-
cause you havé been made to believe that such part
of London was capital for business, proportionally
you have to pay very heavy taxes, meanwhile your
neighbour, who has an old lease or has been more
acute than yourself when letting will pay less than
half the taxes than yourself. Is 1r yusT?

If on the contrary you have had the good luck to
rent some premises at a nominal value, you will
scarcely pay any taxes at all. I ask again: Is IT JUST ?

Undoubtedly there is something wrong here, and
I say that assessments of rates ought to be made
uniform for all, taking as basis the medium value of
all the properties situated in the Parish, and not the
actual rent paid by each householder, which is
excessive for some and quite the reverse for others.

I can guarantee that the reason of so many failures
in business are due to the exhorbitant prices paid for
rent and the excessive taxes following suit.

If you start business with money of your own, after
a few years struggle all is gone. On the other hand,
if you work on credit, you get soon into debts, and
the result is failure. Excepting the very few trades
which deal in objects of first necessity, all the others
earn scarcely enough to pay their rent, taxes and
living, and after many years’ struggles they are just in
the same position as when they began, when not worse.

I think it is quite time that the London County
Council should exert itself in procuring the
passage of a short Act regarding AN EQUITABLE AND
UNIFORM BASIS OF ASSESSMENT.

To be continued.

THE PANAMA CANAL.

Continued from pages 5, 12, 22, 30.

Considering the Interoceaniz Canal as one of the
greatest industrial and scientific work of this Century
and the completion of same as of the utmost interest
to all Countries, I give below, as published by the
well-known fetit Journal of Paris, M. Bonaparte
Wyse’s report on the success of his negociations
with the Government of Columbia, for the proroga-
tion of ten years, granted to the Liquidation of the
Panama Co., to complete the Canal.

Rapport DE M. BONAPARTE WYSE SUR LE
CANAL DE PANAMA.

Lettre à M. Monchicourt.

Au mois de mars de l’année dernière, À peine
nommé au poste qui vous a été confié par la justice,
vous avez spontanément fait appel à mon concours
dans le but d’essayer de relever l'affaire du Canal
Interocéanique dont j'avais été l’initiateur et qui se
trouvait fort gravement compromise par des fautes
auxquelles j'étais resté étranger.

La première phase du rôle que vous me proposâtes
consistait à me charger de négociations d’ordre diplo-
matique avec la Puissance Souveraine de l’Isthme de
Panama et de recherches techniques supplémentaires
sur le terrain traversé par le Bosphore artificiel Amé-

Juue 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 45

ricain dont l'exécution se trouvait si
ment suspendue.

malheureuse-

Ayant eu assez de bonheur pour mener à très bon
port, à Bogota et dans l’Isthme, les unes et les autres,
il faut espérer que le même succès couronnera les
démarches à tenter en Europe et aux Etats-Unis pour
grouper les immenses intérêts en jeu. En substi-
tuant des habitudes d’activité à celles qui semblent
vouloir endormir pour quelques mois encore les
bonnes volontés latentes, on peut arriver au sauvetage
des capitaux engloutis à la légère et empêcher de
péricliter définitivement, au grand dommage de
lamour-propre national, un des plus vastes projets de
notre époque enfiévrée de progrès. Bien qu'il ne
soit pas dans les attributions me concernant ici de
m'occuper des mesures à prendre pour que ma réussite
presque inattendue en Colombie ne demeure pas
stérile, j'estime devoir déclarer que l’heure des résolu-
tions viriles est venue, car je suis fermement convaincu
que si des manœuvres souterraines, contre lesquelles
il est temps de se prémunir, ne font pas échouer les
combinaisons financières entrevues, l’infortuné public,
en grande majorité français, si éprouvé par l’anclenne
affaire de Panama, pourra retrouver bientôt, par
l'achèvement du canal américain, une notable partie
de son épargne si étourdiment dissipée.

Paris, le 2 mars 1891.

Lucien N. B. Wyse.

NEGOCIATIONS POUR OBTENIR LA PROROGATION DU
CONTRAT SALGAR-WYSE DE 1878.

Le contrat que j'avais signé à Bogota, en 1878,
prévoyait bien dans certains cas une prorogation de
six ans, et l’ancienne Compagnie du Canal Inter-
océanique, qui avait succédé conditionnellement aux
droits que je représentais alors, avait manœuvré
si maladroitement que, bien qu'ayant fait constater
d'une manière officielle l'exécution de plus du tiers
du Canal, il n’y avait guère à compter sur la bonne
volonté du Gouvernement Colombien. Il fallait
par suite retourner l'opinion du pays en commençant
par celle de son plus influent citoyen, S. E. M. le Dr.
Rafael Nunez, président titulaire retiré depuis quelque
temps à Carthagène, sa ville natale, pour des raisons
de santé et de tactique politique. Je me rendis donc
dans cette ancienne métropole des Indes Occiden-
tales, accompagné de mon jeune fils et d’un autre
secrétaire, M. Subitte.

L'accueil que je reçus par ordre de M. Nunez fut
‘du meilleur augure. Une canonniere de l'Etat, la
Popa, vint me chercher à bord du paquebot la Mose//e,
qui avait fait escale spécialement pour moi devant les
beaux remparts de la ville. Les voitures du Prési-
dent en villégiature me conduisirent à une maison
préparée à mon intention. Les entrevues que j’eus
_avec cet homme d'Etat furent très cordiales et je pus
Vamener à diminuer les prétentions excessives pour
concéder la prorogation qu’il avait fait exprimer à
diverses reprises dans son journal E/ Porvenir, en
lui prouvant que les Etats-Unis ne cherchaient pas à

reprendre pour leur compte l’achèvement du Canal
de Panama, en lui démontrant que les immeubles de la
Compagnie en liquidation, revenant à la Colombie en

cas de caducité, n'avaient de valeur que s’il y avait
reprise des travaux et qu’enfin le matériel, comme
tous les objets meubles, resteraient la propriété des
créanciers-obligataires.

Cédant malheureusement à des habitudes invé-
térées dont il est difficile à son âme ondoyante de se
départir, M. Nunez fit publier dans son journal des
articles fort élogieux pour moi, assez modérés au
point de vue des exigences gouvermentales, en même
temps que d’autres où il éblouissait ses compatriotes
en faisant miroiter à leurs yeux des centaines de
millions devant revenir à la Colombie comme héritage
de la Compagnie du Canal. Il donna des ordres
personnels pour que toute la presse officieuse repro-
duisit ses derniers articles et fit danser la même sara-
bande alléchante, surtout devant ses concitoyens de
l'intérieur de la République.

Malgré la rapidité de mon voyage (dix jours), en
remontant le Magdalena et en franchissant la Cordi-
lière abrupte qui sépare ce large fleuve de la vaste
savane élevée de 2,600 mètres où se trouve Bogota,
malgré la bonne volonté et l'esprit éclairé de mon
ami de vieille date, le président en exercice. S. E. M.
le docteur Carlos Holguin, je ne tardai pas à ressentir
l'influence du double courant qui avait fini par
remonter des rivages de Carthagène aux hauts pla-
teaux de Cundinamarca. Je dus perdre l'espoir, un
instant caressé, d'obtenir par décret présidentiel,
comme cela était à la rigueur possible, la prorogation
de six années prévue au contrat. Il fallut me résigner
à passer sous les fourches caudines du congrés, qui
allait s'installer (20 juillet).

Obéissant au mot d’ordre, la presse faisait assaut de
prétentions exorbitantes. Je fus obligé dès lors et
bien à contre-cœur, de faire abstraction de mes vives
sympathies pour un pays où je compte de nombreux
amis, qui m'a donné de grandes marques d'estime et
que depuis longtemps je suis habitué à regarder
comme ma seconde patrie. Je publiai un exposé
aussi ferme et méthodique que possible de la situation,
après quoi je répondis a l’avalanche de millions qu’on
demandait en repoussant toute intention d'acheter la
prorogation et en réclamant à mon tour environ six
millions de piastres pour diverses indemnités aux-
quelles je prétendais avoir droit; une partie de cette
réclamation, quoique inconnue du public et presque
oubliée par le gouvernement, était d’ailleurs liquide
et exigible immédiatement.

Il est certain que M. Nunez, auquel on ne saurait
nier un esprit fertile en ressources, une adresse con-
sommée dans le maniement des partis et une connais-
sance approfondie de son pays, fut d’abord favorable-
ment impressionné par les conditions dont on lui
faisait part, mais il eut le tort de ne pas vouloir
paraître prendre la responsabilité d'en conseiller
l'adoption. Cependant il doutait si peu du résultat
qu'il prit la peine de vous faire télégraphier (1" sep-
tembre), par l'entremise du général Aycardi, gouver-
neur de Panama, et de M. Ordonez, consul général
de Colombie à Paris, que l'affaire de la prorogation
était réglée d’une façon équitable. Bien que ce fait
ait été nié plus tard, il est néanmoins patent ; du reste,
personne ne le mit sérieusement en doute.

46:

Ne recevant d’autres réponses que de courtes

phrases sybillines à double entente, les sénateurs, qui
étaient moins avancés dans le vote de mon contrat
que ne le croyait M. Nunez, n’osaient pas prendre une
décision. Le président Holguin, qui seul connaissait
bien la question, avait beau leur donner en privé
toutes les explications imaginables, ils ne pouvaient
se décider à sortir de l’atmosphère d’exagérations
bizarres créés surtout par les articles de M. Nunez
dans Ze Forvenir et acceptées comme des oracles par
tout le Parlement avec une déférente docilité vraiment
surprenante.
Cet étrange imbroglio menacait de se prolonger
indéfiniment et je pris dès lors la résolution hardie de
le faire cesser en provoquant au besoin une crise qui
n’était pas sans présenter quelque danger. Je me mis
à agiter l’Isthme de Panama au moyen de dépêches
un peu alarmantes destinées à secouer la léthargie du
pays, d’ailleurs évidemment favorable à la reprise des
travaux. Sans aucun doute, il faut attribuer mon
succès définitif à ce que, me rendant compte rapide-
ment de la situation exacte, je manceuvrai, en consé-
quence, avec une décision frisant la témérité.

°

Peu de jours après, et pour activer surtout le zèle
tres refroidi du ministre, je lui renouvelai sur papier
timbré la demande de paiement des sommes exigibles
dues sans conteste, et le chargé d’affaires de France,
auquel j'avais écrit officiellement à ce sujet, voulut
bien lui parler ensuite de ma réclamation. Je n'ai
jamais cru qu’il soit bon de dissimuler son but ou sa
personnalité derrière un écran, et j'ai pour principe
que l’attaque est le meilleur des systèmes défensifs.

je réussis en effet à vaincre de la sorte l’inertie
habituelle aux hommes des hauts plateaux, quitte à
passer momentanément à leurs yeux pour un diplomate
rude et anguleux. J’ai lieu de croire du reste, par les
lettres officielles reçues depuis, que les procédés un
peu cavaliers dont il m’a fallu user par nécessité me
sont déjà pardonnés ; la grandeur du but poursuivi,
l’ardeur de mon prosélytisme, qui contraste tellement
avec la mollesse reprochée à d’autres individualités,
leur a servi sans doute de justification et d’excuse.
On parait faire état en Colombie sur mon concours
ultérieur à l’œuvre du canal, comme de mon côté je
pense pouvoir compter sur l'estime des habitants de
ce beau pays.

Le 10 décembre au matin j'avais écarté tous dangers
pour l’avoir des anciens intéressés de la Compagnie
de Panama; le président Holguin lui-même, nonobstant
sa bienveillance personnelle accoutumée, commençait
à trouver ma résistance excessive et me menaça de
dissoudre le Congrès le lendemain si je ne terminais
pas promptement mon entente avec son gouvernement.
J'avais tenu compte à l’avance de toutes les observa-
tions que vous m/aviez fait parvenir antérieurement,
et malgré la désinvolture avec laquelle je bataillais, je
ne pouvais plus risquer de tout perdre pour une ques-
tion de forme; aussi, bien que n’ayant pas de câble-
gramme explicite de vous, je pris sur moi, selon l'avis
pressant du chargé d’affaires de France et comme m'y
autorisait d’ailleurs le texte même de mes pouvoirs
notariés, de signer enfin le traité débattu sans pro-

THE HUMMING BIRD.

-

[ June 1, 1891

longer davantage une situation tres tendue et d’autant
plus épineuse que le Congres comptait à peine le
nombre de membres exigé par la Constitution pour la
validité des décisions. Je me trouvais par suite à la
merci du moindre incident venant empêcher la pré-
sence d’un député quelconque et du même coup
rendre impossible le vote à émettre avant la réunion
du nouveau Parlement qui n’a lieu que tous les deux
ans. J’apposai donc ma griffe ledit jour à trois heures
sur cet important document et le contrat Roldan-
Wyse, heureux et indispensable complément de celui
Salgar-Wyse, de 1878, fut envoyé séance tenante au
Sénat.

Les débats 4 la Chambre Haute furent prestement
enlevés et, des le 16 décembre, le contrat de proroga-
tion passait sans modification a la Chambre des repré-
sentants où le ministre Roldan, M. le docteur Amador,
etc., eurent à le défendre contre les attaques inopinées
et téméraires de certains députés froissés dans leur
amour-propre de clocher, mais que leur origine et la
volonté de leurs mandants devaient faire croire favora-
bles au percement de l’Isthme colombien

Le 20 décembre, la loi n° 107 était finalement votée
en troisième débat à la Chambre sans changements
d'aucune sorte. Je reçus d’universelles félicitations,
même de la part de ceux qui, directement ou non,
avaient été hostiles à l'affaire que je poursuivais. Les
ministres étrangers, quelque peu étonnés du succès
final, télégraphièrent chacun à leur gouvernement
respectif les conditions excellentes que j'avais obtenues
pour la prorogation. Ce ne fut pourtant que le 26 dé-
cembre qu’elle put être soumise à l’approbation défini-
tive du chef de l'Etat. L’exemplaire original de ladite
loi (revêtue des sceaux de la nation, portant les signa-
tures authentiques des présidents et secrétaires du
Sénat et de la Chambre, approuvée par S. E. le prési-
dent de la République et coniresignée par le ministre
des affaires étrangères), fut dûment légalisé par les
chefs des diverses légations accréditées auprès du
cabinet de Bogota. Il peut faire foi dans tous les pays.

Certaines personnes, peu habituées aux choses
hispano-américaines, s’étonneront peut-être que la
Colombie ait manifesté des exigences pécuniaires pour
permettre l’excavation, à travers son territoire, d’un
Canal devant augmenter considérablement son
influence parmi les Nations du monde ; mais il y a
lieu de rappeler que le percement de l’Isthme de
Panama lui imposera certaines charges nouvelles aux-
quelles les finances assez obérées de cette jeune
République ne sauraient faire face utilement sans
compensations. D'ailleurs, au point de vue légal
pur, il n’est pas douteux que le retard dans l’exécution
des engagements de l’ancienne Compagnie donnait à
la Nation le droit strict de stipuler certains dédom-
magements peu soutenables, il est vrai, au point de
vue chevaleresque des sentiments moraux. Il est
fort probable que les choses ne se seraient pas passées
ainsi si l’on avait eu la précaution de demander, en
temps opportun, la prorogation prévue au contrat de
1878. Alors que l’ancienne Compagnie était encore
debout, l'obtention du second délai de six années eût
été plus facile et moins onéreuse. On ne peut donc
regretter que le manque de prévision de l’Adminis-
tration si incohérente qui s’est effrondrée en décembre

June 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. | 41

1888 et se féliciter de n'avoir pas eu à promettre de
payer plus cher pour essayer dé réparer ses déplo-
rables erreurs.

Les suffrages si exceptionnellement chaleureux
qu'on a déjà prodigués dans listhme tout entier,
depuis son arrivée à Colon et à Panama, à l’homme
sobstinant encore à vouloir marier les eaux de
l'Atlantique à celles du Pacifique et qui aux yeux des
populations de cette partie de l'Amérique après avoir
été le chercheur opiniatre du secret du détroit, appa-
rait comme*un des derniers champions de cette idée
grandiose, lui ont presque fait oublier toutes ses
fatigues. L’accueil vraiment royal, le sympathique et
cordial enthousiasme des personnes placées aux pre-
mières loges pour se rendre bien compte des difficultés
innombrables dont il a fallu triompher afin de per-
mettre la terminaison de la colossale entreprise à
laquelle J'ai dévoué tant d’années, est en effet, pour
moi une des plus enviables récompenses.

Je me déclarerai entièrement satisfait si mes efforts,
secondés par l'opinion publique, servent à préparer la
revanche si nécessaire à la bonne renommée française
en secouant l’apathie préméditée de personnages que
la lumière semble effrayer. Je n'ai pas qualité
actuellement pour d’autre rôle, mais je suis persuadé
que cela contribuera 4 hater l’aurore du jour, à jamais
mémorable, où les navires de toutes les nations mari-
times pourront franchir l’étroite, mais rude barrière,
que la nature interpose encore entre les deux vastes
Océans baignant à la fois les côtes de très riches
régions, imparfaitement développées, et celles des
pays les plus avancés et les plus prospères du globe’

Panama, le 21 janvier 18917.

ÉTUDES COMPLÉMENTAIRES TECHNIQUES.

Pendant que M. Wyse poursuivait les négociations
avec le président et les ministres de Colombie, deux
ingénieurs quil avait emmenés avec lui, MM.
Jacquemin et Sosa, s'étaient mis à l’œuvre, sur place,
aidés de tout le personnel de la liquidation dans
Visthme, pour procéder à des études complémentaires
techniques. Les deux ingénieurs à qui M. Wyse avait
confié ces études sont d’ailleurs deux personnalités
d’un mérite éprouvé, possédant une expérience con-
sommée du problème à résoudre ainsi que des diff-
cultés provenant des pays chauds et connaissant a
fond Visthme de Panama où ils avaient exécuté de
grands travaux.

Lun d’eux, M. l'ingénieur P. J. Sosa, chevalier de
la Légion d’ honneur, avait été, avec M. le lieutenant
de vaisseau Armand Reclus, notre infatigable com-
pagnon d’exploration au milieu des dangers de la
forét vierge et le plus précieux des collaborateurs
dans les expéditions que j’avais commandées pendant
plusieurs années au Darien, à San Blas et à Panama ;
il avait été ensuite chef du bureau technique de la
Compagnie d’exécution du canal dans la période
d’études, puis chargé de diverses entreprises locales.

L'autre, M. Vingénieur E. Jacquemin, sorti le
premier de sa promotion de l'Ecole centrale, avait
complété sa brillante instruction professionnelle par
la pratique acquise en Egypte, en Russie, etc., puis il

avait installé avec un coup d'œil magistral les vastes

chantiers d’Emperador, de beaucoup les mieux
organisés de l’isthme.
Les observations de mes collaborateurs sont

appuyées sur un volumineux dossier technique qui
contient des documents absolument nouveaux. Cer-
tains détails manquaient encore à la commission
d’études lorsqu'elle publia, au mois de mai dernier,
ses remarquables conclusions. Elle insistait d'ailleurs
sur la nécessité de les obtenir pour fixer divers points.
Les récentes recherches effectuées ont conduit à de
légères modifications dans l’ensemble du projet et ont
amené à constater des diminutions de cube qui ont
eu pour résultat de concourir avec diverses simplifica-
tions et le rabais de quelques prix unitaires d’applica-
tion, à des économies assez notables sur le devis
général.

Les expériences sur le transport des déblais par
l'eau courante, dues surtout à M. l'ingénieur Jac-
quemin, permettent en outre d'espérer que le massif
central pourra être enlevé en cinq ans, y compris la
période d'installation. En comptant même six, il
résulterait néanmoins de ce chef une nouvelle épargne
sur les charges financières calculées pour une durée
de huit ans, par suite de la réduction des intérêts
intercalaires.

Les appréciations de MM. les ingénieurs Jacquemin
et Sosa au sujet du prix de revient pour l’achèvement
du Canal de Panama dans des conditions très satis-
faisantes se trouvent établies théoriquement dans le
rapport ci-dessus, mais il faut remarquer en outre
qu’elles s'appuient d’une manière indiscutable sur une
longue pratique personnelle locale. Ils ont pu, en
effet, en des circonstances cependant fort difficiles et
qui vraisemblablement ne se reproduiront plus,
réaliser des bénéfices en effectuant plusieurs millions
de mètres cubes aux prix indiqués. Ils seraient prêts
au besoin à soumissionner aux mêmes conditions.
Aucun raisonnement, aucune autorité ne sauraient
démontrer d’une façon plus péremptoire la justesse de
leurs estimations.

Les prévisions de la commission d’études dictées
par une prudence excessive bien naturelle chez des
hommes ne connaissant que superficiellement l’isthme
américain, ont atteint, pour les terrains à exproprier,
six fois la valeur du forfait que j'ai pu obtenir récem-
ment d’un syndicat d'habitants de Panama et de
Colon offrant toute garantie. La disproportion ne
pouvait être aussi forte pour le prix des terrassements,
elle diminue encore pour celui des ouvrages d’art ; à
mesure que la compétence générale prend plus d’im-
portance que l'expérience locale, l'écart est moins
grand. Du reste, en conservant la marge si forte
fixée par la commission pour les frais généraux,
dépenses imprévues, intérêts, etc., (plus des deux tiers
en sus du prix initial), on doit se considérer comme à
Vabri de toute déception et foi entière peut être
ajoutée au devis présentés pour les deux variantes
proposées, dont une surtout qui offre des conditions, à
mon sens, exceptionnellement avantageuses va
m'occuper ci-après d’une manière plus spéciale.

En effet, à la suite de mon nouveau séjour dans
Visthme, de l’étude et de la discussion du rapport
précité, des résultats obtenus par les derniers sondages

48 THE HUMMING BIRD.

et les recherches prescrites, des observations person-
nelles faites derechef sur le terrain, je suis amené à
recommander en première ligne la variante la plus
brillante à la fois, avec un seul bief surélevé d’alimen-
tation constitué au moyen d’un lac central artificiel
unique d'environ 9,000 hectares d’étendue, à une
altitude ne dépassant jamais la cote + 30, auquel

[June x, 1807

on aurait accès par une échelle de trois écluses
accolées, à double sas, réunies en un seul groupe sur
chaque versant, l’un à Bohio-Soldado, l’autre à Pedro-
Miguel. Les dispositions générales de ce projet de
canal, qui se rapproche autant que possible du
Bosphore à niveau, c’est-à-dire de l'idéal rêvé, sont
résumées dans le tableau ci-après :

Altitude des | =
; | biefs' par 5 Hautenr
Situation | Numéros d’ordre Limite | rapport au | Lon- |S de _ OBSERVA-
docu ane des Miveau moyen) gueur |= chute
il | der mers. Ges 1S des TIONS.
biefs. | biefs. biefs. / ‘_— | biefs. |=lecluses géminées. i
Minima. Maxima. & |
Fra Tht Co sa |
Versant |1. Partie maritime/Du k. 0,000
Atlantique .. au 23,590 o"oo| 0700/23 k.590 |
| i SS | Fonele Quand le niveau
Bief de par-2. Lac (bief supé-Duk.24,350 | PTE Altan- du lac sera à
(AGE Vacnca rieur d’alimenta-| au 59,100! 28,50| 30,00 34 k.750/3e| 11™ | tique. | la cote d’étiage
tion servant a (282 50) les
emmagasiner et | Golses 3 Ge A
régulariser les | VN vag Echelle fonctioneront
crues). | | oie Paci- avecdeschutes
| | 6° Desàrr”) fique.; de 9™50 seule-
Versant Pa-3. Partie maritime Duk. 59,860) | ment.

cifique ...

au 75,000! — 3,00) + 300 15,140

La solution préconisée présente donc toute garantie
au point de vue de la sécurité. Elle ressemble
beaucoup à celle que M. l'Ingénieur en chef des ponts
et chaussées de Lépinay appuya de son savoir profes-
sionnel, dès 1879, en prenant pourbase nos travaux, à
laquelle je m/associai dès lors comme au plus
économique et au meilleur dénouement subsidiaire,
que je défendis dans mes livres à diverses reprises et
que j’envisageai, il y a déjà près de six ans, comme
devant s'imposer fatalement au lieu du canal à niveau,
d’ailleurs si désirable, par suite des dépenses exagérées
faites par l’ancienne Compagnie, du temps inutilement
perdu et des difficultés financières qui en étaient la
conséquence. Quelques personnes, dont l’une surtout,
sans même connaître le terrain, compensait son
manque absolu d'autorité par une agitation tapageuse
et une publicité de mauvais aloi, ont bien essayé
d’accaparer la priorité de ces propositions et de s’en
attribuer le mérite, mais il y a lieu de croire que bonne
justice sera faite à cet égard par l'opinion publique
et que l’antériorité de nos travaux sera reconnue, pro-
clammée et reviendra à qui de droit.

La réponse au problème est aujourd’hui plus com-
plete, plus précise, les études de la commission et nos
recherches complémentaires ayant permis d’écarter la
plupart des inconnues qui subsistaient autrefois, jamais
le projet de canal interocéanique n’a été étayé sur des
bases aussi sérieuses. S’il reste encore des détails à
fixer, rien n’empéchera de le faire en cours d’exécution,
car si nous pouvons affirmer que la solution est
possible au moyen des grandes lignes indiquées,
nous he saurions trop répéter que nous n’avons pas la
prétention @interdire les améliorations, surtout en ce
qui concerne les barrages et déversoirs.

Nous espérons méme que pendant les deux

premieres années de Vattaque bien plus urgente du
massif central de la Culebra, on aura tout le temps
d’en introduire relativement au mode de construction
et au meilleur emplacement de ces ouvrages d’art.
Nous pensons avoir mis les choses au pis et nous
sommes convaincus que l’avenir fera plutôt éprouver
des surprises agréables que des déceptions. En

« d’autres termes, nous prétendons avoir résolu la

question d’une manière très acceptable ; mais il peut
y en avoir d’autres, encore plus satisfaisantes, que
nous n'avons fait qu’entrevoir et dont la réalisation
nous sourirait beaucoup, car elles se traduiraient par
des économies sensibles et des progrès réels dans les
détails de la variante que nous proposons.

De même que nous estimons avoir quelque peu
amélioré l’ensemble du projet, cependant si bien
élaboré de la commission, il y a lieu de croire que
des études poursuivies avec plus de temps et des
moyens plus considérables que ceux dont nous
disposions, pourraient amener des diminutions dans
le devis et d’heureuses innovations dans les procédés
à suivre et les difficultés à surmonter.

En ce qui concerne les barrages, qui eux ne se-
raient jamais couverts par la lame déversante, il est
bon de rappeler que M. l'inspecteur général des
ponts et chaussées Krantz est d’avis qu’en atteignant
30 mètres de retenue, les barrages en remblai sont
plus avantageux que ceux en maçonnerie.

En outre, M. Wyse cite à l'appui de son dire
diverses autorités et un grand nombre d’exemples
déjà mis en pratique.

Les alluvions des eaux limoneuses du Chagres,
très suffisantes pour colmater les remblais et assurer

June 1, 1891]

leur étanchéité, n’auront qu’une importance minime
sur la capacité de la réserve formée par les barrages.
Ce fleuve, d’après diverses autorités, ne charrie pas
plus de 40 grammes de matières terreuses par mètre
cube et il n’en dépose guère que 30 environ. Le
débit annuel étant approximativement de 2 milliards
de mètres cubes, le dépôt sédimentaire ne dépassera
pas 60,000 tonnes par an qui, à raison de 1.70 de
densité moyenne correspondent à 35 ou 36,000
mètres cubes. En admettant même une proportion
décuple des troubles charriés, il faudrait donc plusi-
eurs siècles pour que la diminution de la contenance
du lac artificiel devint pratiquement appréciable et
de ce chef encore il n’y a aucune- crainte à conce-
voir.

L'emplacement choisi pour grouper les trois écluses
sur chaque versant présente toutes les facilités dési-
rables, comme les dernières recherches l’ont surabon-
damment prouvé. Le sol de fondation, pour les
écluses extrêmes, y est en moyenne préférable à celui
de Pena-Blanca et de Miraflores. La suppression de
deux biefs très courts est un avantage marqué au
point de vue de la navigation et de la manœuvre. La

réunion, en un seul chantier, des ouvrages d’art à
_ construire ne peut que rendre la surveillance plus
efficace et moins coûteuse. En outre, du côté Paci-
fique surtout, cela diminuera assez sensiblement la
longueur de la déviation du Panama Rail Road.

Il s’agit, on le voit, d’un canal à six écluses avec
un lac central artificiel unique, déjà préconisé en 1879
et 1886 par M. Wyse comme la meilleure des solu-
tions subsidiaires pouvant donner toutes satisfactions
tant pour les facilités du trafic que pour l’économie de
l’ensemble du projet.

Quant au programme de réorganisation des tra-
vaux, voici ce que dit M. Wyse :

Nous pensons que pendant la première année on
devrait : r réparer le matériel à utiliser et les instal-
lations existantes ; 2 attaquer la partie supérieure de
la grande tranchée. faire les puits, creuser le tunnel et
préparer la pose de la conduite pour le transport des
déblais ; 3 continuer les études définitives détaillées
pour les ouvrages d’art: 4 enfin et surtout exécuter
les travaux d'assainissement et d'aménagement néces-
saires pour empêcher les dommages occasionnées par
les eaux dans les parties déjà excavées.

Pendant la seconde année on devrait : 1 approfondir
les travaux d’excavation de la Culebra; 2 draguer
l'extrémité Atlantique du canal et enlever, du côté
Pacifique, le seuil restant encore vers le kilomètre
63,500; 3 relever de 5 mètres le plan d'eau du
Chagres dans le cas où l’on croirait utile d'installer,
pendant la saison sèche, les pompes de refoulement,
établir les conduites d'alimentation, achever d’in-
staller celle d'évacuation et commencer à la faire fonc-
tionner.

La première année comportera une dépense d’en-
viron 30 millions de francs ; il faut prévoir le double
pour la seconde. C'est seulement alors, et une fois
toutes les inconnues dégagées, qu’on pourra donner
une organisation efficace et permanente aux travaux.

. Vers cette époque, le crédit de la nouvelle Compa-
gnie sera sans doute entièrement rétabli, et il sera

THE HUMMING BIRD. | 49

plus facile, par suite, d'obtenir à un taux modéré
les capitaux indispensables à la terminaison de
l'œuvre. R

Les années suivantes devront être consacrées à
l'enlèvement du massif central et à la construction des
écluses, barrages et déversoirs. Si rien ne vient

retarder d’une façon malencontreuse la marche des

travaux, il est probable que cinq ans suffiront au
percement de l’isthme américain. Quant aux dépenses,
elles suivraient vraisemblablement, dans ce cas, une
progression annuelle assez régulière de 30 millions.
Le métré avec plafond du canal à la cote 20 a été
calculé de profil en profil avec l’approximation
accoutumée, mais pour ne pas affecter une rigueur un
peu exagérée quand il s’agit de pareilles masses à
remuer, je n’ai voulu tenir compte que des milliers de
mètres cubes en forçant toujours à l’unité immédiate-
ment supérieure. Les divisions en trois biefs et les
subdivisions de ceux-ci suivant la nature des terrains
ont été ramenées aux profils dressés à Panama et
vérifiés avec. le plus grand soin à diverses reprises.
L'ensemble des terrassements (environ 42 millions
de mètres cubes) correspondent à 210 millions de
francs, les ouvrages d’art et autres accessoires compor-
tent une dépense de 132 millions, les sommes à valoir,
imprévus, divers, etc. (20 o/o des travaux prévus),
68,400,000, les frais généraux (10 0/0) 34,200,000,
enfin les forfaits pour expropriations et pour indemni-
tés au gouvernement colombien ensemble 20 millions,
en tout 464,600,000 francs auxquels il convient
d’ajouter, ainsi que l'indique la commission avec sa
prudence habituelle, 29 o/o pour les charges financi-
eres (frais d’émission, intéréts), c’est-a-dire prés de 136
millions, ce qui forme un total de 599,334,000 francs,
soit 600 millions en nombres ronds.
Et alors M. Wyse donne le devis détaillé et général
des ouvrages et des dépenses établi après quatre véri-
fications minutieuses, que nous pouvons résumer
ainsi :
Total des terrassements : 42 millions de mètres
cubes au prix moyen de 5 francs le
NN ÉLIE NS OL EE ean erie oe NM Seat ks Fr. 210.000.000
Dépenses des ouvrages d’art......... 119.000.000
Déviation du chemin de fer......... 12.000.000
Helainagerclectriquer sine seec cr 1.000.000
Prévisions de la commission
d’études pour imprévus et frais géné-
raux (30 o/o du total des travaux) ...
Expropriations d’après forfait con-

102.000,.000

DENW: CL ALHELCL Ae nee aseais kaise ese 6.000.000
Contrat du gouvernement colom-
bien et subsides militaires ............ 14.000.000
Frais son)
Charges financièresi 5 o/o

134.734.000
Intérêts 24 o/o |

Soit en arrondissant...:........... Fr. 600.000.000

600 millions: tel est le capital maximum reconnu
aujourd’hui nécessaire pour l’achevement si désirable
du Canal interocéanique afin de créer à travers
l'isthme de Panama, par la submersion partielle des
vallées du Chagres et du Rio-Grande, une voie

“50

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[June 1, 1891.

offrant pleine sécurité aux navires et capable de
desservir un trafic très rémunérateur.

Et M. Wyse conclut ainsi son rapport :

La durée du transit sera de seize heures environ,
dont moitié pour franchir les deux échelles d’écluses.
Le lac artificiel formera, dans d’admirables conditions
à tous les points de vue, un port intérieur où l’on
pourra naviguer à grande vitesse, ce qui fera regagner
en partie le temps nécessaire au passage des deux
escaliers hydrauliques. Ce sera un véritable bassin à
flot de vaste dimension dont l'accès, par une échelle
de Neptune monumentale, ne sera guère plus difficile
que celui de la plupart des ports à marée fréquentés
par le commerce universel.

Les navires auront près de douze heures à rester
immergés dans j’eau parfaitement douce des écluses
et du lac au grand profit de la propreté de leur
carène et par suite de leur marche ultérieure ; ceux à
vapeur trouveront des facilités spéciales pour le
nettoyage des tubes de chaudières incrustés de dépôts
salins à la suite d’une navigation maritime prolongée
ainsi que pour le remplissage de leurs appareils géné-
rateurs, de tous leurs réservoirs, etc., avec l’eau
d'excellente qualité provenant du lac créé. Ce
seraient là des avantages sérieux, fort appréciés de
tous les marins et de nature à compenser le retard de
quelques heures imposé par l'ascension du bâtiment
à une côte d'altitude d’ailleurs très modérée.

Plus tard, on complétera, au fur et à mesure des
besoins, certaines améliorations susceptibles d’ajourne-
ment au premier rang desquelles il faut compter
l’outillage des ports de Colon et de Panama et de
quelques autres ouvrages d'importance secondaire
dont l’exploitation révélera sans doute l'utilité et qui
d’ailleurs constitueraient alors une source de profits
non négligeables. Par les considérations sommaires
qui précèdent, on peut donc espérer qu'on aura,
avant la fin de ce siècle, un revenu suffisant pour
assuser des bénéfices raisonnables à la nouvelle
Société d'achèvement, tout en prélevant une part
proportionnelle progressive pour être distribuée aux
anciens intéressés afin de les indemniser, dans la
mesure du possible, des sacrifices qu'ils ont faits et de
leur apport constitutif si utile.

Si la primitive affaire de Panama a donné des
déboires, il ne peut être douteux, pour les esprits
réfléchis, que la seconde, profitant des écoles
commises, sera des plus brillantes pour les capitaux
. qui oseront s'y engager. C’est du reste généralement
le cas dans les entreprises de très grande envergure :
là où les pionniers subissent des déceptions, les
ouvriers de la douzième heure récoltent avec aisance
des fruits abondants, justifiant ainsi cette parole de
VEvangile: Les derniers seront les premiers.

La situation de l’isthme a notablement changé.
Panama, les villages de la ligne et Christophe-Colomb

ont fait de grands progrès. La région, beaucoup
plus cultivée qu’autrefois, s’est assainie ; les déboise-
ments nombreux, les constructions nouvelles,

Vasséchement des marais exercent une heureuse
influence sur le climat et ces faits ont une importance
incontestable.

À peine l’eau potable sera-t-elle répandue avec
moins de parcimonie que la ville de Panama gagnera
encore énormément au point de vue hygiénique, et:
deviendra, entre toutes les localités avoisinantes, une
des plus agréables à habiter. Quant à celle de
Colon-Aspinwal, elle se relèvera bientôt de l'incendie
qui l’a dévorée en partie en septembre 1890. Les
personnes bien informées ne contestent plus que la
santé publique n’y soit notablement améliorée, surtout
depuis la catastrophe de 1885, qui a forcé ses édiles
à de si indispensables et heureux perfectionnements.

Je m'associe entièrement aux conclusions émises
dans le remarquable rapport technique de la com-
mission d’études, en ce qui concerne la nécessité
d’une direction unique et le danger que présentent les
grandes entreprises. La future administration doit
être soucieuse d’esquiver le retour des fautes anté-
rieures, elle doit, elle peut: 1° profiter de l’expérience
du passé ; 2° éviter l’imprévoyance fatale qui, au point
de vue financier surtout, a amené tant de gaspillages
de tous genres; 3° se débarrasser des influences
néfastes qui ont si lourdement pesé sur l’ancienne
Compagnie ; 4° se servir par contre du petit nombre
d'hommes éprouvés moralement et physiquement qui
ont résisté avec énergie au climat de l’isthme et qui
ont su se montrer à la hauteur de leur tâche ; 5° suivre
systématiquement l’ordre d’exécution des travaux
imposés par la nature des lieux, en écartant toutes les
mauvaises chances pour ceux moins urgents et plus
délicats, au moyen d’études de détails bien menées ;
6° enfin avoir toujours présent a Vesprit qu’un effort
aussi gigantesque doit être constamment conduit avec
une vigilante sagesse n’excluant pas cependant l’audace
des conceptions ou l’adoption des méthodes pro-
gressistes.

Or, malgré l’expérience si chèrement payée, c’est là
que git la véritable difficulté, car pour faire marcher
une pareille entreprise, il faut surtout savoir diriger,
c’est-à-dire prévoir, et ils sont peu nombreux ceux qui
auront les connaissances spéciales voulues, la pratique
suffisante des hommes, des localités et des choses
ainsi que la vigueur de corps et d’esprit permettant
d’embrasser d'un coup d'œil clair l’ensemble de cette
ceuvre prodigieuse, honneur de notre époque, et que
le dix-neuvième siècle expirant jettera avec orgueil
aux générations futures comme le plus bel exemple
de vitalité que garde encore notre vieille race lors-
qu'elle est soutenue par une pensée humanitaire
généreuse, basée sur une idée juste, féconde, utile et
destinée à coup sûr aujourd’hui à devenir éminem-
ment productive.

En mer, le 18 février 1807.

Lucien N. B. Wyse.

I heartily congratulate Mr. Lucien N. B. Wyse, for
the success of his Negotiations with the Colombian
Government and I hope that Mr. A. Monchicourt
will be as successful in coming to terms with a new.
Company, willing to undertake the termination of the
Canal, and will do his utmost in favour of the
hundreds of thousands of the original Share and
Bond Holders.

Tue Epiror.

June x, 1891]

Books received.

Annual Reports of the Fruit Growers Association
and Entomological Society of Ontario, 1890. The first
part of this very interesting Volume contains reports
on all the fruits grown in Canada and how to make
money with them. The second part contains a
quantity of woodcuts representing many Insects
injurious to Agriculture and how to get rid of them.

The Antigua Observer, two copies of No. 15, 1891.

The Canadian Entomologist, April 1891.

The Kansas City Scientist, April 1897.

Les Odonates du Japon par Mr. de Selys Longchamps.
Viaggto di Leonardo Fea in Birmania regioni vicine,
Odonates, par M. de Selys Longchamps. Two very
interesting pamphlets on Dragon Flies.

Lvotice bibliographique de M. Edin. de Selys Long-
champs, Membre de ? Académie royale des Sciences de
Belgique.

Æxtrait de la Bibliographie académique. In this
extract we can see that the venerable zoologist, Baron
de Selys Longchamps, during the space of 56 years,
1831—1886, has published 214 pamphlets on Birds,
Mammals, and Insects, containing a very large
quantity of descriptions of new species and very
interesting notes on many. Baron de Selys Long-
champs, now in his 78th year, is still working like a
young man, and I hope that he will be able to do so
yet for a long time.

With thanks,
THE Eprror.

ETENSLOGISTS AND OTHERS.

FOR SALE.

TO

Twenty finely carved Ar ows and ‘1 Bow from New Guinea
Frice 20s.
African Rhinoceros War Club Price 3Us.

Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very
nicely carved Price 30s. each.
Pagaie from New Guinea, made of palm tree Price 30s.
Magoificeut Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what
appears to be Musicians, iwo large figures in the centre and
six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is
quite unique, and no Museum in the world possesses anything
like it Price £50.
A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central
America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, etc. from ds,

Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America
from 6d.
Statuettes representing the Indians of Mexico and Guatemala
from 3s.
Hats, Baskets, Mats and various Objects made with palm
leaves and various textile plats, from Central America, Mada-
gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.
Samples of Textile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinai
Plunts, etc. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.
Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from Is.
Htc., ete., etc.

STANDS, SEW STYLE,
Wholesale Price.

No. 1 for Humming birds and Smail birds at 20s. per hundred
xa ,, Smell birds up to Tanagers at 24s, én
at 28s. oF

,, Magpies up to Crows or Small
Hawks

» Small Hawks to Large Hawks
and Owls

SL
2
» 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies
4
at 32s. 5
5.

at 40s. Pe

THE HUMMING BIRD. Vv

TO BOOKSELLERS AND OTHERS.

Boucerd. Catologus Aviem, English or French preface, Syste-
matic Classification of Birds, 8s. instead of 12s.
Catalogue of Birds, published? by the British Museum.
Vol. 1 to Ginclusive. The first three Volumes are out of

print. Price £10.
Hand List of Birds, Gray, published by the British Museum.
3 vol. Svo. Price 25s.
Guide pour ccllecter, préparer et expédier des Collections
d'histoire naturelle. Is.
Guia para colectar, conservar y despachar Colecciones de
historia natural. 1s.

Petit Atlas @Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
jes plus connus, dessinés d’après nature par Martinet,
Paris, 1784.

1 Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition. Contents:

Wpitre a Buifon, Tableau général du classement des Oiseaux

livisés d’après Buifon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou

Familles. 150 splendid colonred plates par Martinet. Exceed-
ingly rare. £50.

America, by John Ogilby Esq., London, i671. Grand in folio,
675 pages, 121 sclendid Engravings and Maps. £30.

Historia de ia Congnista de Mexice, etc., by Don Antonio Solis;
Rrusse'se, 1741.
1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Eng:avings and Mans. Pages
1 to 9 slightly stained. £20.
Historia Genera! de ies Cosas de Nueva Es: ana, by Rev.
Bernardino de Sahagur, con notas y suplementc:, por
Carlos Maria de Bustimante, Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in
4to., uncut. £5.
Historia de las Conquistas de Hernando Cortez, por Francisco
Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas y addiciones, por Carlos
Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1825. 1 vol. in 4to, 315 pp.
£2.

fezeoco en los ultimos tiempos de sus antiguos Reyes.
Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos de Boturini y redac-
tados por el Lic. Mariano Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol-
16mo, 276 pages. £2.

Jateeismo y Deciaracion de la Doctrina Christiana en lengua
OTOMI, con un Vocabulario del mismo idioma, por el
FR: P. Joaquin Lopez Yepes, Mexico, 1826. 1 Vol. in 4to,

254 pages. £4.
D. R. Kampuysens Stichtelyke Rymen, by M. Mathieu, Rot-
terdam, 1688. 1 Vol. in 8vo., 680 pages. £2.

Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno Catecismo impreso
en el idioma MEXICANO, por un Sacerdote devoto de la
Madre santissima de la Luz, ete.

Puebla, 1819. 1 Vol., 67 double pages, one side in Mexican,
the other in Spanish. - £2 10
Various Calendarios Mexicanos, 1830 to 1860. 2s. each.

ARTIFICIAL YES.

Wholesale Price.

3 Tr
Black Colcured Cornered corners
per gross per aoz.pairs per doz.pairs
No.lto4 6d. is. 6d. No.4to6 3s. 6d. 4s. 6d.

Hp Ce 2s. 6d. op ton te) oUt 6s. Od.
» 9,,10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. eed 6s. Od. 8s: Od.
NL?" Od-os Od: PONTS OE 9s. Od.
Peg osc RTE MOT adil Sa. 0d. 10s. 0d.
Poe 13) 2560-1 0sa0d: D Mn OR OE 11s. 0d
doz. of pairs
TA St 0Od ME Ode 7 15 105104: 12s. 0d.
pee SS- 0025104: en TN 12s. Od.
16 Ash0da 5 2saGd- oS TIBI OGL 15s. Od.
jn) 17.,85:04- 3s. 0d Larger sizes can be made

18 12s.0d. 4s. Od. to order.
Nr. 1 to 4are gocd for humming birds and others up to
the size of Tanagers.
No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Maspies.
No. 9 to 19 Magpies to Gulls.
No. 11 te 12 Pheasants, etc.
No. 13 to i8 Hawks, Owls, Herons,.etc.

vi

List of stuffed Birds for | Nyctiardea europea, S.

Sale.

Tinamus major, G.
Crypturus variegatus,G. _...
Otis tarda, L. (cited in Vieillot
works ) a
— Tetrax, L.
Eupodotisdenhami, G.
Sypheotis bengalensis, M.
Afrotis afra, G. ...
Sypheotides macqueeni, G.
Cariama Cristata L.
Psophia crepitans, Du
Chauna chavaria, L.
Opisthocomus cristatus, L.
Penelope obscura, V. ...
Ortalida motmot, L. se
Oreophasis derbiana, G. R. G.
Crax alector, L. ;
Poly piectron chincquis.
Phasianus colchicus, L.
torquatus T. ah
Chrysolophus pictus, male ...
— female

amherstize, male ...
female ...
Acomus erythropthalmus,R.. .
Gallus sonnerati, T. x
Creagrius varius, S.
Ceriornis satyra, E. male
Meleagris americana, B.
ocellata, C.
Tantalus ibis, L
religiosus, L.
Ibis rubra, L. .
— falcinellus, The
Carphibis spinicollis. ie aa
Hagedashia bishagedash, L....
— chalcoptera, Vietll, typical...
Theristicus albicollis di
Dromas ardeola, P.
Ardea cinerea L. à

— melanocephala, V.
major, L.

— purpurea, L.
Herodias egretta, G. ...
LarzeLta MIE eee
pealei, B.
Florida cœrulea, L.
tricolor, M.
Agamia agami, G.
Bubulcus ibis, H.
speciosus, India
Ardeola comata, P.
Ardetta minuta, L.
exilis, L.
scapularis
Zebrilus undulatus, G.
philippensis ...
Butorides virescens, L.
Botaurus stellaris, L. ...
lentiginosus ...
Tigrisoma brasiliense, L. .…
tigrinum,G." ...

99

THE HUMMING BIRD.

June 1, 1891]

Ss
30
15

. 100

Io

. 200

50
50
40

. 100

30
80
30
30
20
100
50
40
20
20
20
15
50
20
16
20

ardeola .
Nyctherodius violaceus; L.
Pilherodius pileatus, B.
Scopus umbretta, G. ...
Canchroma cocklearia, L.

Ciconia alba, B. 40

— maguari,G.... 50
Menanopelargus nigra, L. 50
Xenorhynchus indica, L, 30

Leptoptilos crumeniferus, C.... 80
Cranopelargus javanicus, H.... 80
Platalea leucorodia, L. 20
— ajaja, L. 12
Grus cinerea, B. 40
—- antigone, male 60

— leucogeranus, P.
Anthropoides virgo, L.
Balearica pavonina, L. oy
Phœnicopterus antiquorum, T.
Phoenicorodias ruber, L.
Sarkidiornis melanonotus, P.
Plectropterus gambensis, L. ...
Anser segetum, G.

— brachyrynchus, B. 25
— albifrons,G. ... 50
Marilochen erythropus L. 20
— minutus 20
Chen hyperboreus, Pall. 80
Branta bernicla, L. ... 20
Chlamidochen jubata, L. 20
Leucopareia leucopsis, B. 20
Rufibrenta ruficollis, P 1 LOO
Chloephaga magellanica, G.... 40
Bernicla leucoptera, G. ANR,
Nettapus madasgariensis G. ... 12
— coromandelicus, L.... ro
Cygnus olor, G. ae a oO
— nigricollis, G. oop, BO
— musicus, B. 50
— minor, P. : 50
Chenopis atratus, L. ... 60
Dendrocygna arcuata, C. IO
— major J. 10

— viduata, L. IO

— autumnalis, L. 1 fe)

= mexicana, L. 10
Tadorna cornuta, G. 15
Casarca rutila, G. 10
Aix sponsa, L. 12
— galericulata, L. 12
Mareca penelope, L. ... 12

- ‘americana, G. SmaI
chiloensis, K...
Dafila acuta, L.

Poeciloneta ‘bahamensis; Le UTC
Anas boschas, L. 10
— cristata, G. 16
— gloscitans, P. : 500 RO
Querquedula cceruleata, L. ... 6
— discors, ib
— falcata, G. (ope ) 100
Nethon crecca, L.
torquata, V. Ge) 50
formosa, G... 50

Chaulelasmus strepera, L.
marmoratus, T.
Marmonetta angustirostris, M.

Spatula clypeata, L. ... bet

Fuligula rufina, V.
Fulix rufitorques, B.
— marila, L.

— affinis, E. (Labrador 3) mt

Aythya ferina, L.
nyroca, G.
Bucephala barowi, D
clangula, E°
albeola, L.
histrionica, L.
Harelda glacialis, L.
Stelleria dispar, S.
Somateria mollissima L,
spectabilis, L.
Oidemia nigra, L. .…
Pelionetta perspicillata, Le
Melanitta fusca, L.

Erismatura leucocephala, SU

Mergus serrator, L.
merganser, L,
Lophodytes cucullata, L.
Mergellus albicollis, L.
Colymbus glacialis, L.
articus, L.

Podiceps cristatus, L. ...
rubricollis, L.
Dytes auritus, L.
cornutus, G. .:
Proctopus nigricollis, 5.
Rollandia leucotis, C.
Sylbeocyclus minor, L.
Podiceps carolinensis, L.
Mormon fratercula, C.
grabæ, B
glacialis, L.
Utamania torda, L.
Cheniscus cirrhatus, G.
Simorhynchus cristatellus, P.
Phaleris nodirostris, P.
Spheniscus chrysocomus, T.
Aptenodytes patagonica, P.

Brachyramphus antiquus, L. ...

Uria grylle, L.

— troile, L. ..

— brunicki, L.

— lachrymans, L.
Artica alle, L.

Puffinus major, F.
fuliginosus, Si:
anglorum, C.
— obscurus, G.
cinereus, S. ...
yelcuanus, A.
Procellaria pelasgica, L.
leucorhoa G.
Pelagodroma fregata, L.
Fulmarus glacialis, L
Cookilaria cooki, G.R. Gr.
Daption capensis, L.

septentrionalis, L. ..

June 1, 1891]

List OF STUFFED BIRDS FOR
SALE.—_( Continued. Li S.

Prion magnirostris, G. 200
Diomedea exulans, L. 100
Thalassarche chlororhynchas,

G. ae : 80
Stercorarius parasiticus, JL 20
Coprotheres pomarinus, T. 25
Megalesthris catarractes, L. 10
Larus maximus, L. 20

— peyreaudi Vieill, 20
-— tenuirostris, C. ... Wart a) oT, |
— cirrhocephalus, V.

(typical sp.) 20 |

— canus, V. 12
— flavipes, M. 172

Richardson, W.
bonapartei, S.

Gabianus pacificus, L. 30
— marinus, L. 20 |
Clupeilarus fuscus, L. 20 |
Leucus glaucus, B. 30 |
— leucopterus, F. 25
Laroides michaelis, B, 16

Adelarus leucopthalm
icthyaetus, F. :
Chroicocephalus ridibundus, TUE

— capistratus, T. ie
Atricilla atricilla, L. sah

Melagavia melanocephala, N. 20
Hydrocoloeus minutus, P. 20
Pagophila eburnea, G. PO 0
Rissa tridactyla, L. SAS
Sterna hirundo, L. ... RIMES
— lactea, alba V. 100
— leucopareia, N. 10
— nigra, S. 30
— dougaili, M. 16
Gelichelidon anglica, Mont. . 12
Actochelidon cantiaca, G. 10
— affinis, R. 12

— arctica, A. 20
Thalasseus caspiae, P 20
= Nodes de 20
Sternula minuta, I. … 3. er 6
Hydrochelidon fissipes, L. ... 6
— fuliginosa, G. a ALO
Anous stolidus, L. 10
Naenia inca, L. 40
Rhyncops nigra, L. 12
Phaeton aethereus, L. 25
phænicurus, G. 30

— candidus, G. 25
Plotus anhinga, L. 10
—— levaillanti, L. 16
Carbo cormoranus, M. 16
— sp. N. Zealand . 16
— Desmaresti, P. 20
— albicollis, 16
— gaymardi, L. NT
— cristatus, F. (Island) 20
Pelecanusonocrotalus, L. 80
— crispus, B. 100
Atagen aquila, L ae 50
: Polyborides radiatus, S. 20

THE HUMMING BIRD.

Circus cyaneus, L.
Swainsoni, SRE
— cinerascens, S. ...
— S. (black variety)
— aeruginosus, L.
Melierax polyzonus, R.
Astur palumbarius, L.
badius, G....
soloensis, L. :
novae hollandiae, G.
Accipiter nisus, L.
— virgatus, B.
— cooperi, B.
— tinus, L.
— badius, Alleon, Smyrna

| Tachytriorchis pterocles, \

Luteo jakal, a

- ferox, G (Volga).
— to un 1D),
— lineatus, V. Canada.

vulgaris, L.
Molsa 4.7:

Archibuteo lagopus, e

Busarellus nigrico his le:

Urubitinga niger, V..

Gypaetus barbatus, S. (very fine
specimen) .

Aquila fulva, i

heliaca S.

— planga, V.

rapax, C.

naevia, G.

Nisaetus bonnelli, C. fee

pennatus, G. Turkey...

Circaetus, gallicus, G. (from
Duchess de Berry Coll.)

Spilornis, bacha D.

Helotarsus ecaudatus, D.

Haliaetus albicillus, L. :

leucocephalus, L.

leucoryphus G.
Monts Altai

Gypohierax angolensis, G.

Haliastur ponticerianus, G.

Elanoides furcatus, L.

Nauclerus riocourt, V.

Milvus regalis, B.

govinda, S.

aegyptus, G.

aetolius, V.

Rostramus hamatus, V.

Elanus coeruleus, D. mete :
—melanopterus, B. Volga...

Gampsonyx swainsoni, V.

Pernis apivorus, L.

Harpagus diodon, T..

Ictinia plumbea, C ne

Microhierax coerulescens, L....

Falco communis, G.

pealei, R.

barbarus, L.

lanarius graecus, S.

subbuteo, L. ...

; typical

tachardus, Han Ed

vii
G
Falco aesalon, L. me UE tS
— aurantius, G. 10
— chicquera, D. 20

— concolor, C. (leg. ‘imper.) 30
— eleonorae, M. 30
ierofalco candicans, (Tem.
Collection) ... 80
AGE gyrfalco, Jes , Norway 50
= Lapponia 60
== Galan, (Go soe 20
Cerchneis tinnuncula, L. ... 6
— punctata, T. 12
— sparveria, L. Hae 5
— tinnunculoides, V. 12
— vespertina, L. 12
Pandion haliætus, L. 30
| Gyps fulvus, occidentalis
G. Sardinia 100
| Otogyps auricularis, 1D). 100
Neophron percnopterus, L. 30
| Sarcoramphus gryphus, L
very old male. i 200
| Cathartes papa, L. 50
Catharistes atrata, B. ... 20
Oenops aura. L. 20
Polyborus brasiliensis, @ 20
Ibycter americanus, B. 20
— chimango. V. ... 10
Bubo turcomanus, E. 60
— ascalaphus, 5. 40
— athentensis À. 50
— magellanicus, G. 25
Scops aldrovandi, B. ... PRES
— leucotis, T. a 12
Nyctea scandiaca. L. ... 40
Surnia ulula, L. Arkangel 40
--- == NATION RO
Carine noctua, S. ke bm ee)
— brama, C. Aah eas
— persica, V. : LO
Speotypo cunicularia, M. 10
Glaucidium passerinum, L. ... 5
— perlatum V. (7).
occipitalis, T. 40
— { ferruginea, B. 10
Asio otus, L. de Io
— brachyotus, L. 10
Syrnium aluco, L. a 12
— lapponicum, R. 60
=) lrdlense, Fe 50
— nebulosum, T. 40
Nyctala tengmalmi, G. 10

ACAdICAN (Gis ase Fe 6
Strix flammea, L. 12
— javanica, T. 12

All these birds are in fine condition
and mounted by experienced hands.

FOR SALE,
Several hundred species of Reptiles,
Fishes and Crustaceae, in alcohol,
from Mexico, Central America,

Cuba, New Guinea etc.

“Vili THE HUMMING BIRD. [ June 1, 1891

BOUCARD, POTTIER & CQ,,

NATURALISTS AND FEATHER MERCHANTS,
225, High Holborn, London, W.C., England.
COMMISSION. EXPORTATION.

Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural
History, Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all
orders pinned and set, or in papers ; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ;
Crustaceæ and Arachnide in spirit; Ethnological collections from all parts; Showy Bird Skins and
Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for
Artificial Florists ; Rare old Stamps, used and unused; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, etc.,
etc., etc.

All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottier
& Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best
prices for them.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. beg to advise Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they
undertake to stuff from a Humming Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices. Only experienced and
scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for that work, which will always be of the best class.

Aun inspection o! their Galleries, where a large number of specimens are always on show, is solicited.

Special fabrication of Mammars and Birps lives at wholesale prices which defy all competition, either
as quality or price. See special Advertisement.

New Sraxps ror Birps, suitable for Museums and Scientific Institutions. No one should be without
them. The appearance of the Birds on these stands is unequalled, and everyone should adopt them and
renovate the old ones. See Advertisement.

TO BE LET OR SOLD | 2° VILLAS RONDO 25, 27.

Two semi-detached Villas, full south, standing in their own
| ground of 1,000 mètres, situated on the Corso GARABALDI, (the
most pleasant walk of the town) hardly at 10 minutes walk

A "XX S AN - RE M © x from the central part of the town and 15 of the station.

No. 25.— Ground Floor.— Three fine rooms, Kitchen, Office,

SEVERAL PROPERTIES

The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera, ema Celles
First Floor.—Six coratortable rooms.
429 minutes from Monte Sarlo. No. 27-—Exactly the same, more Underground floor with
kitchen and two large rooms. Front and back gardens.
Price for the two villas … … … … francs 45,000
O Separately.
1 VILLA MARIA LUIGIA. INON 2D) ise eke Er an CS 2 5 000
A charming residence, standing in its own ground, situated No. 27 ... … s+ .… … francs 30,000
Corso LEVANTE on one side and the Bxacx on the other, at LETTING
about 15 minutes’ walk from the centre of the town and 20 No. 25.—Unfurnished ... ... . … francs 1,000
from the station. Splendid view in all directions, beautiful
5 Se ‘ 1 | Furnished, winter Season Se — 2,009
garden of about 2,000 mètres, in which a large space has been |
laid purposely for lawn tennis and other games ra See rs CPE cee el
ae aay uF i t À 8 à No. 27.—Unfurnished …. .… ... .… francs 1,250
CRE ans purvave Baht tonnage Furnished, winter season ... — 2,500
Gymnastic, Summer Houses, Aviary, Bathing Cabin, &c. os summer season ... pet 1,250
Excellent water. Separate floors can also be let with or without furniture.

Ground Floor.—Three fine rooms, full south, with 7 bay
windows opening on the Garden, Kitchen, Offices, Cellar, &c.

First Floor.—Three large and fine rooms, full south, two on AY A PIES Hy OF LAND. about 350 ie

the north side, all of them communicating. Magnifcens for

Receptions, Soirées, &c. Cloak Room. Full south, on the Corso Mrzzoaiorno, two minutes from
Second Floor.—Four large ryoms, full south, one of them | tbe station and the port, in the central part of the town.
with dressing-room, three fine rooms on the north side. Cloak Price Rea; iene a VT RTS Ge GUM OLIND)
Room. Corridor in the middle. | FRA Pee “BOO 7
Size of Villa : length 18 metres, width 10 metres. Ur, sae ts
Price ...... ... ... .. … francs 60,000 | Exchange could be made for property situated in England.
LETTING. | ——
Unfurnished re oe 600 add . francs où 500 | BE further Ree 0 10—
Furnished, Winter season, Ne months NE A RES » 2,500
More the letting of the furniture according ts the value of | Wee cae BOUCARD,
game required. ain
Furnished, Summer season, 3 months. Price to agree. | 225, High Holborn, London, W.C.

I
LONDON): Published by A. BOUCARD, at 225, High Holborn, W.C.; and Printed at J.$. LE VIN'S Steam Printing Works, 75, Leadenhalt Street, B.C.
June 1, 1891,

it
ANMONNEEMSCIENDIFIC ARDISRIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

VOL. 1, NO.7. | July 1, 1891. | PRICE SIXPENCE,

Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ; all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.
All other countries, 6 shillings.

ee

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

Mike OO Mitte BOUCARD,

NATURALIST,
Officier d’Académie, 1878; Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;
Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1865;
de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1889;
Member of the International Jury, Paris, r889 ; Member of many scientific sociéties ;
Gules, Wes Ewes | Give,

CONTENTS OF No. 7.—JULY 1, 1891.

The Pilgrim Locust. | Collections made in Thibet and Central Asia by MM.
Notes on Rare Species of Humming Birds and| Bonvalot and Henri d'Orléans.
Descriptions of several supposed New Species.. | A Visit to the British Museum—Natural History De-
Description of supposed New Species of Tanager. partment.
Poor Rate and General Rate Taxes in the Parishes | An easy way of making £100 a year in collecting
of St. Giles’s in the Fields and St. George specimens of Natural History.
Bloomsbury. Ob:tuary.
Notes on the Great Bower-Bird. Reports on June Public Sales of Feathers and Bird
BF Skins. Collections received. ra}
{Ko |
we AY

[ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.]

il THE HUMMING BirD.

[ July 1, 1891.

FOR SALE.—Shells.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.
LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE SHELLS.

Glandinidæ, 1s. each. Helicidæ, 64. each. Bulimidæ
15. each. Achatinidæ, 1s. each. Chlindrellidæ, 15. 6d.

each. Clausilidæ, 34. each. Ampularidæ, 64. each.
Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclosto-
nidæ, 62. each. Helicinidæ, 34 each. Unio,

Anodonta, and Ostrea, 64. each.

Marine Shells— 47 he Collection including
Argonyuta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa,
Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra, Conus, Sfrombus,
Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo,
Venus, Cardium, &c., 6d. each.

Can be divided if required.

All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office.

Insects Coleoptera.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.

Cicindelidæ, including types of Oxygonia,
Boucardi Chey, Cincindela costaricensis and others,
2s.each. Carabidze, including many types, 15. each.
Dytiscidæ, 64. each. Staphylinidæ, 34. each.

Pselaphidæ, Gnostidæ, Paussidæ, Scydmaenidæ,
Silphidæ, Scaphididæ, Histeridæ, Nitidulidæ, Trog-
ositidæ, Rhyssodidæ, Cucujidæ, Cryptophagide,
Derodontidæ, Latrididæ, Mycetophagidæ, Dermestidæ
Byrrhidze, Parnidæ, and Heteroceridæ, 34. each.
Lucanidæ and Passalidæ, including many types, 1s.
each. Copridæ, 64. each. Melolonthidæ, 64. each.
Rutelidæ, including all the types of Plusiotis,
Chrysina, Heterosternus, 25. each. Scarabæidæ, ts.
each. Cetonidæ, 1s. each. Buprestidæ, 1s. each.
Trixagidæ, Monommidæ, Eucnemidæ, and Elateridæ,
64. each. Cebrionidæ. Rhipidoceridz, Dascillidæ,
and Malacodermidæ, 34. each. Cleridæ, 64. each.
Lymexilonidæ, Cupesidæ, Ptinidæ, Bostrychidæ, and

Cioidæ, 34. each. Tenebrionidæ, 34. each. Nilion-
idæ, Pythidæ, Melandryidæ, Lagridæ, Pedilidæ.

Anthicinæ, Pyrochroidæ, Mordellidæ, and Rhipidoph-
oridæ, 34. each. €Cantharidæ, 64. each. Cephaloidie,
Oedemeridæ, and Mycteridæ, 34. each. Curculionidæ
and Scolytidæ, 34. each. Brenthidæ and Anthotribide,
6d. each. Cerambycidæ, 1s. each: Bruchidæ, 34. each.
Chrysomelidæ, 34. each. Cassididæ, 6d. each.
Languridæ and Erotylidæ, 64. each. Tritomidæ and
Coccinelhdæ, 34. each.

TO ORNITHOLOGISTS.
FOR SALE.

Fine mounted specimen of Alca impennis, the Great Auk,
(extinct species). Pedigree from date of capture, 1836, will
be given to buyer.

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of
bird Reinhardtia ocellata Bp., the greatest discovery of the
century. Price £50

LIST OF DESIDERATA OF PHANA®I.

Achilles Bohem, Guayaquil. Bitias Har., Mexico.
Charon Har., Guayaquil. Columbi, Mc L., female,
Hastifer Germ., male, Brazil. Foveolatus Har.,
Guayaquil. Horus Waterh. Reiche, Brazil. Melibceus
Blanch, Chiguitos. Mirabilis Har., Brazil. Noctis

Bates, Colombia and Nicaragua, etc. Perseus Har.
Colombia. Pteroderus Reiche in litt, Uruguay
Rhadamanthus Har., Brazil. Rosalia Fabr.? America,
Tepanensis Bates, Tepan. ‘Thalassinus Perty, Brazil.

Steinheili Har., male and female. Guatemalensis,
Har., male. Beltianus, male’ Scutifer, Bates, male
and female. Lunaris, Tasch, male. Actæon, Erichs,
male and female. Bispinus, Bates. Cadmus, Har.
Dejeani, Har., female. Lautus, Macleay, male.
Silenus, Cast, male and female. Spinifer, Cast, male
and female.

List of Pittidae for Sale.

Pitta strepitans, Australia, 5s.; —- maxima, N. Guinea

ros.; — brachyura Malacca, 8s.; — bengalensis,
India, 8s. ; — elegans, Malacca, ros. ; — cyanurus,
Java, 16s. ; arcuata, Borneo, 30s.; — granatina,
Borneo, 8s.; — erythrogaster, Philippines, tos. ;

— mackloti, N. Guinea, tros.; — rosenbergi, N.
Guinea, 305.; — nove guineæ, N. Guinea, ros:;
— mulleri, Borneo, tos.; — cucullata, India,: 8s. ;
— — Var, Malacca, 8s. ; — coerulea, Malacca 16s. ;
Philepitta castanea, Madagascar, 125.

FOR SALE.—/vom Kina Balu (Borneo).
Calyptomena whiteheadi, male, roos. A magnifi-
cent bird, discovered lately by Mr. Whitehead in the
interior of Borneo. Many other species from the
same collector (magnificent skins).

FOR SALE:

A magnificent bound copy of T. A. Naumann’s
Naturgeschichte der Vogel Deutschlands, 13 vols. in
4to and 391 coloured plates. Apply at the office of
the Journal. ;
FOR SALE.

Collection of Woods from all parts of the world.
2,000 blocks nicely cut. Manuscript catalogue over
2vols. Awarded gold medal at International Exhr .
bition. For price and particulars apply at the office
of the Journal.

Fine group of Harpyornis feeding on a Dendrolagus.
Two rare species of mammal and bird, from New
Guinea. Price £12.

Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili. In the
most perfect condition. 23 specimens, at 5s. each.

ome

Postage Stamps
FOR SALE.

A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts
of the World. For prices &c. apply to Naturalists Agency,
225, High Holborn, W.C.

WANTED.

Old collections containing fiom 500 varieties upwards, to
which none haye been added since the last 20 years.

Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-
ally Colonials and old German states.

Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.

Old unused English and Colonials.

Old works on stamps.

Proofs of stamps, etc. etc.

July x, 18017,

THE HUMMING BIRD.

ili

£%.. ©

Vas €

DS, à ic,

DNS RER EEE eel

A. BOUCARD undertakes the sale of Collections
and Books of natural history; and cffers his services
to Scientific Institutions and Authors, for the sale
of their Works.

The situation of his establishment in the centre
of London, and his relations with the principal
Museums of Natural His story in all parts of the
world, offer great opportunities for the sale of the
Collections and Books which may be intrusted to his
care.

He can procure for his clients zoological collec-
_ tions from all parts of the world; as well as scientific
Books and Apparatus for collecting and preserving
collections. All offers of purchase or sale submitted
to him will be carefully examined and answered
immediately.

A. B. wishing to increase the number of his Corre-
spondents in all parts, begs all persons who have
collections, to communicate with him, for the pur-
chase or exchange of their duplicates on advantageous
terms.

Museums and Scientific Institutions are invited to
send him a list of their desiderata, which he will
undertake to suppy in reasonable time, even in the
case of the rarest animals wanted.

Professors who rec quire specimens of natural history
for study preserved in alcohol or otherwise, can seni
their instructions, which will be well attended to.

Ages: onde his Friends and Naturalists in

general, that he has now in store 30,000 species of |
Insects, 6,500 species of Birds, Mammals, Reptiles |
, Eggs, Shelis, Seeds, many bright Insects |

and Fishes
for Jew ellers, Florists and Modists, ete., ete. etc., etc.

Every month he receives new Goitections om his
Travellers and Correspondents.

A. B.is very much interested with Coleoptera from
Vancouver, Oregon, California, Sonora, Texas, New
England, Mexico, Guatemala, Salvador, Honduras,
Costa Rica, Veragua, Nicaragua, and Panama. He

wishes to acquire collections from these countries,
either by exchange or by purchase.

He thanks sincerely all his Friends and Corre-
spondents who have honoured him with their

ET RE

NATURALIST,

DEALER IN

REPTILES, FISHES, INSECTS, SHELES, EGGS,
Ge, eis eles ett:

PURCHASE.—SALE.—EXCHANGE.

Collections and nos bought oe sold on Commission.

Qe Ow. EU GE

patronage to the present time, and hopes they will
help him in the work he has undertaken; which is
to facilitate to all the study of Natural History.

iia OLE, \ SALE
CHEAP COLLECTIONS FOR STUDY AS UNDER:

Typical Collection of Birds classified and named
after the celebrated works of Professors Bonaparte,
Gray, Gould, Sclater, ete. i00 specimens £8 0 0

Typical Collections of Insecis (specimens
of all the orders)

Typical Collection of Insects Coleoptera,
classified and named after the celebrated
Genera of Professor Lacordaire

100 specimens £1 0 0

Collection of Insects ot all orders

100 specimens £1 0 0

Typical Collection of Insects Coleoptera,
by family, genus, or country 100 specimens £1 0 0

Collection of Bright Insects Coleoptera,
classified and named 100 specimens £1 0 0

Typical Collection of Marine, Land and
Fresh Water Shells, classified and named

£100

| after the celebrated works of Prof. Pfeifers,
Chenu, Reeves, Deshayes,

etc. 100 specimens £1 0 0
These collections are proper for Museums, Scien-

tific Institutions and Schools, as well as for all

persons who desire to study Natural History.

They contain many rare species, and my purpose
in disposing of them at such a low price is to make
them accessible to every one.

This Study will procure infinite enjoyment to all
those who will dedicate themselves to it.

With the love of Collections, there are no more
useless walks, all is interesting, each day you dis-
cover new marvels of Nature.

They are very good for acquiring order and know-
ledge, and you become useful to your eountry by
your discoveries.

iv THE HUMMING BIRD.

Who can deny that the greatest part of the revenues
of all Governments is due to those learned men who
have dedicated themselves to this science ?

Cotton, Tobacco, Potatoes, Coffee, Tea, Indige,
Cochineal, Silk are all products of nature, and some
travellers (mostly naturalists) are those who have
been to search for them, sometimes at very remote
countries at the cost of their lives, to try their ac-
climatation in their own country or to make known
their value and their goodness.

Much has been done; but the field of explorations
is still very large, and many Centuries will yass
before it is drained.

Therefore, every one must work boldly and
encourage every where these studies which are un-
happily too much neglected at the present time.

For that it is necessary that all those, who have
zoological riches accumulated, give their duplicates
to scientific Institutions or to young and poor
amateurs, or dispose of them at very low prices acces-
sible to every one.

It is also necessary that all the Governments
should give important prizes and rewards to all those
who make new discoveries useful to their country,
and encourage by all means the study of this science
which is sure to produce fruitful results to the benefit
of Humanity.

AGENCE DES NATURALISTES,

225, HIGH HOLBORN,
LONDON, W.C.

OISEAUX A VENDRE.

francs douz.

1 Pigeon sauvage : Bt: 15 ss

2 Perruches diverses ... ae SAUT Re

3 Canard Mandarin ... ah soa GD 3

4 Perdrix rouge we Bog, mA a

5 Petites chouettes (Scops) 36 5:

6 Chouettes moyennes bas HITS .

7 Grandes chouettes diverses . neo +

8 Martin pécheur, (peaux plates SHE ALS i

9 Rollier abc NS ATE2 ee

1o Sui manga du Sénégal A ef aleve, 5
11 Têtes de faisans et de tetras À SO og
12 Merle métallique de la Nlle. Guinée 12 5
13 Merle bleu du Gabon se LA IC) a
14 Merle bleu à longue queue... Je | DA 3
15 Merle à longue queue d'Amérique... 36 My
16 Petits trogons divers Lis SR tEe2 a
17 Couroucou a longue queue... 250 De
18 Tangara orange du Mexique NEO as
Tangara orange du Brésil ... ean aly? ys

19 Chouette effraie ... ae suo OS a
20 Grand martin pêcheur gris ... 36 ;
21 Colin de la Californie aed ean Te, i
22 Etourneau gris a téte noire... Sats 6 i
23 Grande brève de la Nile. Guinée ... 36 i
24 Etourneau d’Europe . pe sada ing ha

25 Guépier d’Afrique ... sa ue a

[July 1, 1891
francs douz.
25 Poitrine de héron eae Ree Barbe BO) 3
26 Ptarmigan ... F nae LEE 4 ms
27 Pigeon de Nicobar .. : yao 128 e
28 Momot a longue queue (nouvelle
espèce pourla mode) ... >... CO i
A) leadelase CS inde am UT Af
30 Petite outarde ee Es AI AE
31 Huppe d'Afrique ... Le MST ss
32 Queues de gélinottes OHO x,
33 Paradis rouge 180 ae
34 Paradis jaune 250 2
35 Epimaque d'Australie ot 300 i
36 Epimaque de la Nlle. Guinée 250 wu
37 Pic a baguettes Pe NO 3
38 Ara rouge (peaux plates) ... ASC sf
39 Geai d'Amérique ae AG PN CKO) vm
40 Coq de roche ae ee bent 8 OO) de
41 Pie sanglante de ne Jas AUS my
2 Mouette aa a ete OT ES,
43 Goeland re ses Me PARTS =
414 Hirondelle de mer ... A eens -
45 Hirondelle minuta ... Re Mag 100 ie
46 Faisan a dos de feu... Bo Na à
47 Tangara à cinq couleurs Lae aah a
48 Jaseur : ae! eaten Ge ms
49 Tangaras divers brillants so ena 5
50 Guit guit a tete bleue Es PAPA? Ai
51 Guit guit vert chatoyant... NAT a
2 Hirondelle à longue queue... ANT :
53 Tourterelles ... ss ep APN a
54 Hirondelle à queue courte ie SE 0 D
55 Etourneau blanc à ailes bronzées ... 6 59
56 Régent a Nn: mist vo SO) 5
57 Perroquet strigops ... 546 | ZOO BS
58 Méléagre doré > NA oie QO 5
59 Grebe (peaux plates) Re LAINE A A
60 Corbeau des a soe OR re
61 Faisan argus.. à tel TOO a
62 Lophophore .. Abe 120 5
63 Aigrette jaune (peaux plates) 36 st
64 Couroucou de la Colombie . Beats 7A 5
65 Bécassines et pluviers Re Bae as i
66 Oiseaux de proie assortis ... RUES © a
67 Orioles assortis wi na a ate) 3
68 Pie grièches assortis. aa ROUE pe
69 Tangara rouge DNS aa
70 Etourneau à épaulette rouge Rat ey Rs
71 Etourneau du Mexique ... ead. i
2 Gobe mouche royal... 120 cn
73 Gobe mouches assorties ... PCR? &
74 Manakin à tête rouge a OSS fs
75 — a tête jaune se AC .
76 — assortis ... a dO os
77 Oiseaux divers assortis ie Rt Sn zs
78 Oiseau mouche vert-brillant (petit) .. 6
719 — —— amethyste) == ee hath ate ey
80 — — bleu (grand) NO 5
Sa — vert (grand) DÉS Le à
82 Rubis topaze.. MCE ‘3
83 Oiseau mouche 2 a longue queue bss, eval ie
84 Oiseaux mouches mâles assortis 6a 12 an
85 — — femelles — 3à 6
Nota.—Un escompte important sera fait aux acheteurs
en gros,

July 1, 1801]

THE HUMMING BIRD. si

Che Humming Burd,

The Pilgrim Locust. A Remarkable and
Sensational Tale published by the
Leading Papers of France and repro-
duced in London.

Daily News, Mav toth.
A SCIENTIFIC MAN KILLED By LOCUSTS.
(FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.)
PARIS, Monpay NIGHT.

Despatches from Algiers announce the death,
under peculiarly horrible circumstances of a well-
known savant M. Kunckel d’Herculais, President of
the Entomological Society. M. Kunckel, who was
travelling in the district of Teniek el Haad, on a
Government mission, went on Saturday to the village
of Sidi Eral to see deposits of locusts’ eggs which
had been reported in the neighbourhood. About
eleven o’clock, the weather being fiercely hot, M.
Kunckel, overcome by fatigue, lay down under a
bush to sleep. He was probably awakened by a
flight of locusts which are believed to have come
from Chellala. They settled down on the very
ground where he was resting, and in such numbers
that M. Kunckel was buried in their mass. He got
up and struggled forward desparately, against this
living flood. He trampled down hundreds, but the
swarm grew thicker every moment, and the sky was
completely darkened. M. Kunckel set fire to the
bushes in order to drive them away, but in vain.
His cries were not heard, and at length he fainted
and was stifled. About three o’clock in the afternoon
the “pilgrims,” as the locusts are called, took flight
again, and a party of natives found the body of M.
Kunckel buried under a heap of locusts. His hair,
beard, and necktie were completely devoured.”

When I read the above narration in the Paris and
London papers, I thought it was something very
startling, but I must say truly that I had great doubts
about its veracity; as, when residing in Mexico, I
have seen many extraordinary passages numbering
milliards of these migratory Insects, and never
heard of other damages than the complete devasta-
tion of all the leaves of trees, plants and grass of the
countries visited by this terrible insect, and I was
not surprised to hear two days after, that it was all a
hoax, and that my friend Kunckel d’Herculais was
enjoying a perfect health during ail the time that
many sensible persons were condoling on his tragic
death.

The pilgrim or Migratory Locust (Acridium migra-
torium) is one Insect Orthoptera very similar in
appearance to the vulgar locust, but of a much
greater size. It is found in all parts of the World;
but the chief countries which are visited periodically
by myriads of these insects are the United States,
Mexico, Central and South America, in America, and
Egypt, Algeria, Morocco, and many other African
Countries. ‘The head quarters of these Insects in
America are Humboldt Prairies,fand very likely, in
Africa, the Deserts of Sahara or the Soudan.

I remember that in 1877, when travelling from
San Francisco (California) to Salt Lake City, all the
plains called Humboldt Prairies, situated between
Sierra Nevada and Salt Lake, were covered for several
hundred miles with young locusts. From morning to
night I did not see anything else, and the soil was
black with them. In passing, the train crushed im-
mense numbers standing on the rails.

Several years before, when living in Sax Andres
Tuxtla, State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, I assisted to an
invasion of these Insects. They alighted near the
town, and in the space of two days they devoured all
the plantations for several miles around, as also all
the leaves of trees, bushes and grass, leaving the soil
and the trees quite bare with the same appearance as
the European Country fields after a severe frost, or in
the middle of the winter.

When these formidable invasions take place, the
inhabitants fear them as much as the most terrible
equinoxial hurricanes or earthqnakes.

Generally the same localities are invaded during
two or three years, then these Insects disappear for a
certain number of years. I attribute this cause not
to a diminution of the Insects, but to a change of
itinerary in their emigration trip.

These locusts by their voracity and their number is
the most formidable plague to vegetation. They
hatch in spring, and the want of food being at once
necessary, they begin to devour all the grass and
leaves of bushes. This lasts for several weeks until
their wings are fully developed.

At that time they have done with all the vegetation
of their breeding places, and then take their flight in
compact rows by millions and millions, intercepting
entirely the light of the sun during their passage.
The country where they alight is irrevocably lost. In
a very short space of time all traces of vegetation has
disappeared and the trees are totally bare of their
leaves, while their branches break under the weight of
the Insects. Many of them, unable to get sufficient
food, dies and their dead bodies, accumulated on the
soil, corrupt the air and are the cause of merciless
epidemies, such as plague, etc.

For the countries which are invaded by the locusts,
they are a cause of ruin, famine and epidemy.

All sorts of methods have been employed up to the
present time tor the extermination of these redoubt-
able Insects; but they have been only partially
successful and have cost very large sums of money.
In Mexico they try to frighten them away by beating
drums, by firing guns and fireworks, shouting with all
their might, and sometimes they have succeeded and
obliged them to alight further away, but at other
times, they have not taken the least notice of the
noise and have dropped as an hurricane on the plan-
tations surrounding the villages, and destroyed
everything.

Immediately after the laying of their eggs they die,
and all is quiet again for a little time ; but after a few
weeks the young hatches and all the country is in-
vaded again with what appears like small black specks
jumping about in all directions and devouring all the
grass and young leaves which are just coming out
again.

The usual thing which the inhabitants generally do

52 THE HUMMING BIRD.

at that time is to dig some ditches of a great Ho
3 feet deep by 2 feet wide. Then all of them men,
women and children drive them away in the ditches,
where they crush them as quickly as they can; but
unfortunately it is quite impossible to destroy all.

These young ones, when fully Creveloipeta fly away
and invade other localities,

Since the last three years, Algeria has been invaded
periodically with the locusts, and large sums of money
have been granted for their extermination. My friend‘
Mr. Kunckel d?Herculais, a celebrated entomo-
logist, has been sent by the French Government to
study this delicate question on the spot, and I think
he has been aiding a great deal the Algerian authori-
ties in trying to exterminate this unwelcome visitor.
They have destroyed immense quantities of eggs and
insects ; but it appears that the actual invasion is of
such a magnitude that all the cultures of Algeria and
adjacent countries are in great peril of being com
pletely destroyed, as in 1867, the year of the famine
brought on by them.

Lately Mr. Brongniart, of Paris, has sent to the
Academy of Sciences a very interesting notice on a
vegetable parasit (a sort of microscopic mushroom)
which he thinks could be applied successfully to the
destruction of the locusts.

The author of this remarkable discovery thinks that
it should be easy to produce a large quantity of this
special parasite, which reduced in powder could be
spilt on the ground in the countries menaced by the
invasion of the locusts.

No doubt the idea is excellent; but I doubt very
much of its efficacity, as it should require such an
immense quantity of this parasite. However, I think
it would be very interesting to give it a fair trial.

I believe that something more to the point should
be to enter in communication with all the countries
concerned in this matter, such as Egypt, Algeria,
Tripoli, Morocco, Italy, French, Spain and Portugal,
and to edict a law protecting efficiently such
birds as the Bee Eater, Zerops apiaster, the
Metallic Starling, Sfurnus vulgaris, and other similar
species, which are great eaters of locusts.

Since about 15 years, I don’t know how many
hundred of thousands of these birds have been killed,
either for feeding or industrial purposes, and conse-
quently it means in a short time the extinction of the
said species and consequently a further increase of
locusts.

In don’t think I can err much if Isay that by the
killing of so many hundred of thousands of these
birds during the last 15 years, it is as if several
millions of them had been destroyed, and when we
remember that a single bird will destroy as many as
200 insects or more per day, especially in the breeding
time, what a great auxiliary it should be in such
calamitous times as the present. It is milliards of
insects which would have been destroyed by these
birds if they had been in existence.

Therefore I think it is of the greatest importance to
all the countries mentioned above that they should
concert themselves at once about the making of a
law, taking immediate effects, protecting the said birds.

Meanwhile I will suggest also for immediate use a
trial of powerful electric lights posted in front of the

[Jum x, 1897.

places where ditches have been opened and canvass
stretched.

If it was possible fo attract them by electric light
as it is done for all sorts of insects, especially moths,
and also birds, it would be easy to destruct immense
numbers.

To be continued.

Notes on Rare Species of Humming Birds
and Descriptions of Several Supposed
New Species in Boucard’s Museum.

By A, Boucard.
Continued from page 18 206, and 43.
ERA

CALLIPHLOX RORAIMA, N-SP.

Male. — Upper part, dark bronzy green; throat
metallic amethystine red as in Se/asphorus platycercus,
beneath which is a very narrow band of white ; breast
and fianks, green changing to dark grey on the abdo-
men; upper and under tail coverts, green; tail,
purplish brown ; bill and feet, black.

Total length, 3$in.: wing, 12; tail, 12; bill, #

female.—Upper part, bronzy green ; throat, white
with a central spot metallic amethystine red ; beneath
which is a greyish band ; sides of neck and _ breast,
golden green ; flanks abdomen and under tail coverts,
rufous ; tail’ purple brown tipped with rufous ; bill
and feet, black.

Total length, 3in.; wing. 12; tail, 1; bill, 3

Weare indebted for this fine new species to the ener-
getic and well known collector Mr. Henry Whitely,
who discovered it at Roraima (British Guiana) in 1881.
I have also a young male specimen, differing only of
the female by the colour of the under part which is
green, changing to dark grey on the abdomen, the
throat is black, mottled with a few amethystine red
feathers, a whitish band crosses the neck.

Science is greatly indebted to Mr. Henry Whitely
for so many new species discovered by him in Peru
and British Guiana, and I hope that success will
crown again his efforts in the new voyage which he
has undertaken in the interior of British Guiana.

FLiyLocHARIS GUIANENSIS, N. SP.

Mac.—Upper surface, flanks and abdomen very
dark shining grass green, much darker than in sap-
phirina ; chin, rufous ; throat, dark sapphirine blue
very bright; upper-tail coverts, coppery; wings,
purple ; under tail coverts, dark rufous ; Central rec-
trices, coppery, lateral ones, shining rufous, edged
with black ; bill, fleshy color with black tip.

Total length, 32 in.; wing, 2; tail, 13; bill &.

Female.— Upper surface dark metallic grass green ;
under-tail coverts, coppery ; chin rufous ; breast, grey
spotted with amethystine blue ; sides of breast and
flanks, grass green ; abdomen gray ; under-tail coverts
gray rufous ; rectrices coppery purplish at tip,
lateral ones, coppery to the third of their length, then
black tipped with a large grey spot.

Total length— 32 in, ; wing, 2; tail, 12; bill, §

The principal difference between this species and
A. sapphirina is in the dark color of the upper part

July x, 1891]

THÉ HUMMING BIRD. 53

are coppery green, and not reddish bronze, as in
LZ. sapphirina.

We are again indebted to Mr. Henry Whitely for
the discovery of this beautiful species. The speci-
mens from which J took the above description were
collected at River Carimang, Camacusa, and Merume
Mounts, British Guiana.

7)

Description of a supposed New Species of
Tanager in Boucard’s Museum.
Ly A. Boucard.
ALE CCU
RAMPHOCELUS CHRYSOPTERUS, N.SP.

Male.—Upper and underside velvety black; tail
and wing, brownish black underside, rump and upper
tail coverts magnificent topaz orange ; bill, bluish.

Total length, 6} inches; wing, 34 ; tail, 3; bill, 2;
Habitat, State of Panama, Columbia.

I have received two males of this magnificent new
species. They are exactly alike.

The McKinley Bill and Art.
—-——>—--

My attention has just been called to the following
paragraph in the WVew York Herald.

AN ART CONGRESS FOR AMERICA.

‘NEW York. May i6.—The proposal to hold a
National Art Congress and Loan Exibition at Washing-
ton in December, which was exclusively published in
the HERALD, has aroused great public interest, especial-
ly as it is believed that as a result of the Congress
Government Departments of Art and Architecture
will be established, national saloons be formed, and the
art duty abolished. The project has been warmly
endorsed by the Corcoran Art Gallery of Washington
and various Art Associations throughout the country.”

I am rather happy to learn that there is some prob-
ability that the Art duty will be abolished before long
in the United States. In this Journal pages 3 and 20,
my readers are aware that I have strongly advocated
this measure as one of the best which could be ‘taken
by the United States Government, and I make again
a strong appeal to that Government for the abolish-
ment of a// duties not only on Objects of Art, but
also on all Scientific Collections sent to the United
States for scientific purposes, either for sale or other-
_ wise. No mistake can be made with Odjects of Natural
History for scientific purposes, and Consignments of
Bird Skins, Feathers etc. and for z#@ustrial purposes.
I will say more. In a country like America, the
example ought to be given to all the world at large
how Custom House duties could be abolished
altogether ; as I hope to be able to prove in a sub-
sequent notice.

THE Eprror.

oc Cas |

Poor Rate and General Rate Taxes in the
Parishes of St. Giles in the Fields and
St. George, Bloomsbury.
Continued from page 44.
——4—
In consequence of the raising of my assessment
from £109 to £134, and 1d. more in the pound for

both rates as compared with 1890, I have to pay for
the half year, commencing Lady Day to Michaelmas
1891, £4 11s. 1d. in excess of last year, which
represents a lump sum of £4,559 3s. 4d. for the half
year, taking as an average that 1000 householders
have had their assessments increased in the same
proportion as mine; but it is very likely that the
number of these greatly exceed 1000, as I cansee that
1,889 of them voted recently on the Free Library
Question, and surely there were many abstentions.

It will be rather interesting for the tax-payers to
know how the Vestry of the Parishes of St. Giles in
the Fields and St. George will spend the extra respect-
able sum received by them this year, in consequence
of the increase of Assessments.

To be continucd.

Notes on the Great Bower-Bird.

CHLAMYDODERA NucHALIs. ard.

Our Editor thinking my notes on the above spe-
cies, which are sprinkled through my diary on the
different occasions I had the pleasure of meeting with
this bird in N.W. Australia, would be of interest to
our readers, I take the opportunity of writing all that
has come under my observation, regretting that it
cannot be so exhaustive as I could wish, but every
opportunity I had I made the best I could of, for
finding out as much of its habits as possible, the
birds generally being very shy and in most instances
extremely difficult to approach. ,

The first notice I took of the bird was on hearing
its call which is something like our Jay (Garrulus
glandarius), very harsh and strident, eventually
catching a glimpse of the bird itself flying from some
low scrubby bushes into a high gum tree. I followed
the bird some distance, it flying from tree to bush and
bush to tree, but I failed to procure it; I retraced
my steps to where I had first put it up and hunted
through the undergrowth in hopes of finding the
bower, but without success. By chance some time
later, and within 200 yards of our tent, I found a
beautifully built bower or playground of this bird ;
we had repeatedly heard its call, but had not seen
the bird, this particular day I was left in camp
alone at a place called Yabba-Goody, the others
having gone away to find another water hole, as the
one we were camped by was rapidly drying up by
evaporation under the powerful rays of the sun ; it
was placed in the centre of a very thick bush or
clump of overhanging bushes, the twigs of which
the bower was built were most tightly interwoven, or
rather packed, at the bottom, the sides overarching
but not meeting at the top; the length of the bower
itself from end to end of the twigs was three feet,
and eighteen inches high. I was very much aston-
ished at the singular way in which it was planned,
for eighteen inches from one of the openings and
about the width of the bower were strewed pieces of
broken white shell, bleached white bones, small white
stones and white sticks, all white, at the other opening
all was black, pieces of black charcoal and curiously
enough a black handled pen-knife not rusted at all
in the male, and in the color of the rectrices which

54 THE HUMMING BIRD.

which must have been placed there very recently; no
doubt having been lost by someone in the bush, but
at some distance from where the bower was placed ;
inside the bower were stones of different colours
mostly white, among which were two small brass
cartridge cases quite green with oxidation ; the sticks
of which the bower was formed were grey in colour ;
the effect was very striking, and this character ran
through the whole of the bowers which we had the
good fortune to find. At Mount Anderson I found
a bower like the one at Yabba-Goody, but not so
large, in about the same situation; the bushes in
which it was placed bearing a small dark purple berry
which I had found the birds were very fond of, this
bower was about 14 inches long, very likely not fin-
ished, with a lot of bleached bones and white stones at
either end and on either side of these were some pieces
of black charcoal and in the centre about halfa-dozen
stones, one nearly round an inch and a half long.

On another occasion at a lagoon called Monkey-
Jarra I found another bower and heard the birds
calling, but they were too shy for me to get within
gunshot ; this bower, also, had white at one end and
black at the other, the birds seemed to have pulled
it to pieces, but after a few days it was again made
good. In none of the bowers were any feathers secn.
I found one bower and I suppose disturbed the fo-
liage too much, for the next day the bird had pulled
it all to pieces.

One day, whilst out shooting, I came across a
bower and two birds a short distance from camp. As
this was the first occasion on which IJ had seen two
birds together near a bower I made up my mind to
watch them ; the bower was placed, as usual, in the
midst of thick bushes, and I placed myself at some
distance not far away in a convenient position to see
right through the bower. After waiting some few
minutes I heard the harsh screech of the bird and
looked round the trees to see if I could see it, but no,
it was not anywhere there or in the bushes from
whence the sound came, but whilst looking up into
the high trees round about where I was standing I
espied a large nest; this I thought at the time I would
get when I had done watching the birds. Happening
to glance down at the bower there I saw one of the
birds; it had escaped my notice no doubt whilst I was
looking up into the trees, it hopped about in and out
of the bower picking up a stone and placing it some-
where else with drooping wings and elevating its
spread out tail, sometimes hopping on to the branches
of the bush, clinging to their sides, very quick in its
movements, sometimes getting to the top of the bush
to have a look round; hearing the call of another
Bower-bird some distance away I looked in the
direction and presently saw the bird fly into the gum
tree in which I had previously noticed the nest. Here,
thought I, is the Bower-bird’s nest, I have found it
quite easily, what a surprise it will be for them in
camp! The bird hopped about in the tree for a time,
sometimes close to the nest and with a piece of twig
in its bill, then flew down to the bower flying up again
into the tree still with the piece of twig. I must have
moved through being anxious to see what the bird
was going to do, at all events after giving one call it
flew away, the other one following from the bower.

[Jw x, 1891

For three days I spent a good deal of time watching
these birds, one would fly down from the tree with a
piece of twig in its bill, and after a little manoeuvring
the other bird would take the twig, hop about a bit
as if looking for a place which wanted filling up,
place it in some part of the bower, sometimes
apparently not to its entire satisfaction, for it would
take it out again and put it somewhere else, then
again a good bit of the bower would be pulled to
pieces and rearranged, and the stones etc. were
always being moved about with many hops and
skips and flirting of the tail. I never saw them go
straight to the nest, but they were often quite close
to it, so I determined to get the nest and see what
it contained. I climbed the tree only to find that
it was a deserted one from which the birds had
flown and with a feather or two of Graucalus
melanops, perhaps the builders of the nest. ‘his
was a terrible disappointment, but I solaced myself
with the thought that I had seen a good deal of
their habits.

Male. Length, 16 inches; iris, dark brown be-
coming lighter round pupil ; bill, dark brownish olive,
inside of bill orange brightest at swallow ; legs and
feet dark olive brown lighter at the bottom of each
scale on the tarsi.

Female, smaller, length 14°4, description same
as male above.

WALTER BURTON. |

Collections made in Thibet and Central Asia
by Messrs. Bonvalot and Henri d’Orléans.
—————~——

On Thursday, the 4th of June, the Collections
made by Messrs. Bonvalot and Prince Henri d’Or-
léans in Thibet and Central Asia were exhibited to
the public in the Zoological Gallery of the Museum
of Natural History in Paris, and will probably remain
on view for another month at least.

They are excessively interesting and well worth a
visit to Paris for all those who can dispose of several
days.

It “contains some fine series of Mammals and Bird
Skins, a fine Herbarium and a large quantity of Ethno-
logical specimens, Jewels and Curiosities. A great
number of photographs taken by Prince Henri
d'Orléans during the course of the voyage give a very
good idea of all the countries traversed by the bold
and successful Explorers. Among the Mammals
can be seen a fine specimen of Yak, killed by Prince
Henri d'Orléans, two specimens of horses kiangs, a
sort of hemione between a horse and a donkey, many
species of bears, antilopes, leopards, lynx, etc. Among
the birds a large number of pheasants, partridges,
hawks, ducks, crows, etc., some quite new to Science.
These have just been described and dedicated to the
discoverers.

In the Herbarium are also many rare and new
species of plants proper to Thibet and China. Many
were new for the Museum.

Close to the Herbarium are several dresses of the
women (North of Yuman) and many other specimens
of wearing apparels, vases, reliquaries, bells and all
sorts of curiosities.

{ July x, 1891

The collection of Jewels consist of rings, earrings,
silver clasps, turquoise coronets, pearl necklaces,
belts, etc. etc.

I understand that all these Collections have been
given to the French Government and will be distri-
buted amongst several Museums. WELL DONE!!

This is a noble example, which wealthy people of
all countries should imitate. THE EDITOR.

A Visit to the British Museum.
Natural History Department.

By A. Boucard.

Last week, I went and spent several hours in the
Galleries of the Natural History Department, British
Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington. My
first impression in seeing the building was that it look-
ed rather pretentious in its architecture, for a scienti-
fic Museum ; but after second thought, I remembered
that I was in London, the capital of the British Empire
which is rich enough to build Palaces for the exhibition
of such scientific treasures as are now in the possession
of the British Museum.

That the building erected at South Kensington is a
Palace, there is no doubt about it. When inside, the
sight of the principal Gallery at the entrance is really
grandiose. and it is easy to see how everything has
been done to please and interest the general public.
What a wonderful change for the best for those who
remember how the Collections were crowded in the
old building of Great Russell Street. Not only the
local is magnificent and well adapted to its purpose ;
but a great part of the Collections of Mammals, Birds,
Insects, Reptiles, Shells etc., have been renovated, so
that everything look, fresh and young again. ‘There
are magnificent series of Mammals, from the Elephants,
Giraffes, Rhinoceros, Chimpanzee, Gorillasand others
to Rats and Bats. The same with the Birds. Many
ofthe old and faded specimens been taken away and
replaced by fresh ones. There are some fine Series
of all the families, and especially so with the Birds of
Prey, Parrrots, Trogans &c.

The great rarity of the century, the Great Auk or
Alca impennis,an extinct species, is represented by two
fine specimens, one in the general collection of Birds,
and another in the splendid collection of British
Birds.

Only 80 specimens of the Great Auk exist and
several Museums public and private, can boast of sev-
eral in their collections.

But it will become rarer every day, and some of the
new Museums, built recently in several parts of the
World and which may become famous in due time, will
be content to possess models, as no money will be
able to buy original specimens.

The collections of Fossils, Minerals, Shells, Reptiles,
Corals, Insects, Sponges, and Plants arealso of the
greatest interest, and it will be a great boon for the
Londoners of all classes, when the Museum will be
lighted by electricity and opened in the evenings as
its elder brother, the South Kensington Museum.

If this cannot be done, there is no other alternative
than to open it on Sundays.

THE HUMMING BIRD. 55

One way or the other, there is no doubt that it
will occasion some extra work and expense; but
England is rich and can very well afford the extra
expenses, by employing special clerks for that
purpose, so as not to increase the work of the actual
staff.

One of the most interesting innovations to be seen
in the actual Museum are the Cases of Birds, dis-
seminated a little everywhere, containing specimens
mounted with artistic taste and approaching nature
as near as possible.

In some of them can be seen birds flying about as
if alive, in others they are nesting or with their young,
in others are represented interesting illustrations of
Mimicry. All these are greatly appreciated by the
public and shows decidedly that a Museum must not
be only scientific, but also artistic to be visited by
thousands, and as a rule, the general public is more
interested with these exhibitions of Birds and
Animals in Cases, than with the more scientific col-
lections.

Another of the attractions is the celebrated
Goulds Collection of Humming Birds, exhibited on the
first floor, on the right.

Many other important Collections, purchased or
offered by generous Donators, such as Hewitson’s
Butterflies, Hume’s, Godman Salvin’s, Sclater’s, and
Capt. Shelley and Gould’s Birds, and many
other important Collections are stored in the Mu-
seum, but are not exhibited to the public.

Many of the visitors who go to the British Museum
and who admire the fine Collections exhibited in all
parts of this magnificent building, thinks that they
have seen all, when they have wandered through the
Galleries ; but it is not so. The Collections exhibited
to the public, are nothing when compared with the
Scientific Series of Mammals and Bird Skins, In-
sects, Reptiles and Fishes, Shells and Fossils, Dried
Plants, &c., &c., which are stored in the interior of
the building and only accessible to Students for
scientific purposes.

The Collection of Birds alone consists actually of
about 350,000 specimens! ! Is it not wonderful! and
I believe it is about as rich in all the other Depart-
ments.

Now it is time to remember to the Authorities of
the British Museum that /Vodlesse oblige, and it is
absolutely necessary, if they want to maintain the high
standard of development and completion which the
Collections have lately attained, and remain first as a
Scientific Museum, that they can only do so by being
very liberal in the prices given for specimens new to
Science or which they have not got, as every day
makes it more difficult for travellers and others to
obtain specimens suitable for the Collections.

They should never miss the first purchase or pick
of good collections containing new and rare species,
from whatever source they come ; even if they must
pay a high price for them.

If they don’t do so, these Collections will go some-
where else, and the Natural History Department of
the British Museum will not be able to maintain
its actual pre-eminence amongst the leading
Museums.

To be continued.

56 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[ July 1, 1897

An Easy Way of making One Hundred
Pounds Sterling a Year in Collecting
Specimens of Natural History at Leisure
Time.

Continued from pages 7, 15, 23, 32.
| +

In large birds above the size of a thrush it is
necessary to skin the wings, this is done from the
outside, the skin is cut along the inside of the wing,
and all the flesh that can be is removed. without
separating the shafts of the large wing-feathers from
the bone to which they are attached. In most ducks
and in birds whose heads are larger than their necks
a different method is adopted to the foregoing. In
these cases the neck is skinned close up to the head
and then cut off, and when turned right side out again
a cut is made in the skin from just behind the eye
over the ear and a little down the side of the neck as
much as will allow the head to be skinned in the
usual manner, the skull replaced and the cut neatly
sewn up; with long legged birds as flamingoes,
herons and such like it is as well to draw the sinews
of the legs, this is done by cutting across the ball of
the foot and taking up the sinews with a pointed stick
or steel point forcibly draw them out, this keeps the
horny covering from slipping off, through the decom-
position of the muscles, and the bird mounter can get
a strong enough wire up to hold the bird firmly upon
its legs ; thick toed birds such as eagles, vultures, &c.,
should have the feet cut underneath and the toes
skinned, and any sinews cut away and just brushed
with arsenical soap and sewn up with a few stitches ;
birds feathered to their toes should have their legs
skinned also, and the flesh that is taken out replaced
by tow or cotton-wool wrapped around the bone,
taking care that the most is put where the most was
taken away.

All this may seem to be rather difficult at first to the
beginner in taxidermy, but after a few weeks’ practice
and attention to the above concise description he will
be surprised at the ease with which he will be able to
skin and make up the birds, he or she, for amongst
the fair sex may be numbered some few expert
taxidermists, may experiment upon. I may conclude
this article by saying that practice, as in other things,
is the only way to make good skins.

In skinning Mammals, the specimen is laid upon
its back and an incision made along the median line
of the belly, from just behind the forelegs, reaching
nearly to the anus; the skin is separated by cutting
with the knife between the skin and body ; skin as far
as possible on either side until the hind legs can be
cut through where they join the body, then cut
through the root of the tail, turn the skin inside out,
and skin down until the fore-legs are reached separat-
ing these from the body, leaving the blade-bone
attached to the legs; skin on until the base of the
ears are come to, which cut through close to the skull.
The eyes are now reached, very great care being taken
not to cut the eyelid ; in specimens of deer the “tear”
or lachrymal sinus must be skinned out close to the
bone ; the mouth comes next, which again cut close
to the skull, likewise at the nose and lips. The
carcase can now be laid aside. Skin the legs down

to the toes and cut away all the flesh from the
bones, leaving the ligaments holding the joints
together; as each leg-bone is cleaned of flesh, smear
with arsenical soap, or in large specimens dust on
alum, and make up with tow or cotton-wool to the
size of the flesh cut away, and turn right side out ;
should there be any particles of flesh or tat adhering
to the skin these should be cut or scraped away ;
now with Mammals up to the size of Foxes the
tail in nearly every instance can be “slipped,” this
is done by tying a piece of string to the root of
the tail, which hitch on to some convenient tree or
post and pass the root of the tail between the two
handles of the largest pair of scissors, or two pieces
of square wood, with the string on one side and
the skin on the other; then with a steady pull the
tail, bone, muscles and flesh will slip out whole,
leaving the tail attached to the string and the skin
a tapered cylinder, down which some alum should
be pushed with a stick or wire right to the tip.
In larger Mammals with stronger muscles the tail
should be slit down from base to tip, all the bones
and flesh taken out, alumed and a little tow placed
in and sewn up. We come now to the most
troublesome and most tedious part of the whole
process with which too much care cannot be taken;
the flesh from the roots of the ears should be cut
off, but not the gristle, and the ears skinned three-
parts the way to the tip, nothing being cut away and
alumed, the eyelids ‘split, that is, the knife passed
between the inner and outer skin but not right
through, the inner skin being left on; the lips and
nose also split and all superfluous flesh cut away.
After aluming the skin it can be turned right side
out, the body partly filled out with tow if small,
dried grass if large, and the incision sewn up. ‘The
head should now be cut off the carease, and the
skull cleaned of flesh and brains and a label with
the number of the specimen attached. In the case
of horned animals, when taking the carcase out the
skull should be severed from the neck and a Y-
shaped incision made from the outside of the skin,
the upper angle of the Y beginning at the base of
each horn on top of the head and meeting between
the ears ; the perpendicular line of the Y runs down
the back of the neck sufficiently far to allow the
base of the skull to be protruded whilst skinning
the head; the skin requires to be skinned right off
the skull, so that the skull can be cleaned and the
skin dried. For flat skins, which are eventually
required to be mounted into rugs and for orna-
mental purposes, the first incision should commence
at the one corner of the mouth and continued right
down to the tip of the tail, a cut from this line at
right angles down the inside of each leg to the toes
will allow the whole carcase with head legs and tail
attached to be removed, the ears skinned, eyes. and
lips split, as above, alumed and stretched out to dry,
the neatest way being to sew loops of string or hide at
intervals of a few inches all round the skin and a peg
stuck in the ground at each loop ; this should be done
in a dry shady place, not in the sun, some dry grass
being first placed loosely on the ground to allow the
air to circulate to facilitate the drying ; the skull should
also be saved, where practicable, and a label attached.

July 1, 1801]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 57

with a corresponding number to that on the skin.
When dry,the skins, which will be stiffand hard, should
be rolled or folded up without cracking in as small
a compass as possible to be handy for carrying.

Large Reptiles, which are too bulky to send in
spirit, require somewhat similar treatment to Mam-
mals, except that the skull cannot be removed in most
instances, but should be cleaned whilst the skin is
turned inside out and the tongue and eyes removed ;
the tail cannot be slipped, but must be skinned out.
Snakes are preserved in the skin by cutting along the
belly from the anus for a short distance towards the
head, the body cut right through, taking care not to
cut the skin, the two pieces skinned out, the skull
being left in, soaped and put to dry with a little
stuffing, and when dry the stuffing removed and the
skin rolled or folded up without breaking. Small
lizards, frogs, snakes, &c., and in some cases birds,
can also be brought or sent in spirit, an incision
being made in the belly to allow the spirit to pene-
trate thoroughly; some are also treated in this
manner for anatomical research, the viscera in this
case being left intact, only the skin being cut.

For carrying the skins of birds on the pack-horse,
I can recommend the plan I adopted in Australia,
failing a better ; the two side packs were tin japanned
“uniform” cases, each twenty-eight inches long,
eighteen inches wide, and nine inches deep, these
were packed previously when starting with powder,
shot, and various articles of use in camp, and as they
were used so the boxes were filled up with the pre-
served skins, the heavy portion being placed so as to
be the lowest when on the horse, the two pack straps
were strapped round each and placed on the hooks
of the saddle, a top pack of blankets, tent, or skins
or other gear across the top, the side straps over the
ends of this, and the surcingle over all passing under
the side straps. The packs were always weighed, a
spring weighing machine taken for the purpose, that
the two side packs should be evenly balanced, to
prevent the horse having a sore back, which takes a
considerable time to heal in a hot climate. These
boxes are also available for waggon or boat, standing
a good lot of knocking about and keeping out wet,
but they should not be packed with anything damp ;
they make a first rate table if four forked sticks are
driven in the ground, two straight ones laid in the
forks and a box on these. JI have seen some steel
cabin trunks with rounded corners which would be
admirable for these purposes.

In packing bird skins for sending or bringing back
home, each skin should be separately wrapped up in
paper, keeping the feathers as smooth as possible, and
the large and small parcels fitted in together, as in
most instances the head and tail are small and the body
thick. When a town or city is reached and packing
cases can be procured, the birds can be unpacked
from the tin boxes and repacked in tin lined cases,
care being taken that they are thoroughly dry, and
soldered down plenty of Camphor or Napthaline being
placed among the parcels; if the birds are mostly
small, these can be packed in old tin biscuit boxes,
the lids being soldered round, then they can be packed
n a wooden case for shipment, plain tin boxes could
be taken out nested, that is fitting one in the other,

and a wooden box to contain the whole when filled
out with specimens any spare space being packed with
less destructible specimens ; please bear in mind that
it 1s not only to keep the specimens free fron damp
and rough usage, but also from rats, mice and beetle
that so much trouble, or rather care is taken with the
packing ; for | know of nothing so disheartening as to :
find on the arrival home of the specimens that so
much trouble was taken with in the first instance,
that they are totally ruined through want of careful
packing, in some cases water has got in the specimen
quite spoilt, covered with mold, in others rats or mice
have formed their nest and brought up their young in
the body of some fine specimen, legs and bills gnawn
off, the contents of the case chaos ; for destructive-
ness next to the rat are various small beetles and
their larvæ ; these will eat up every varticle of skin, all
that is left are the bones and feathers.

In packing skins of Mammals for a long voyage
these should be opened out, beaten with a stick and
brushed with a stiff brush, folded up in as small a
compass as possible, dried and soldered down in tin
lined cases after being plentifully sprinkled with
paraffin ; horns and skulls do not require so much
care, wooden cases or crates being sufficient after
being brushed over with paraffin.

Should any further particulars be required, I should
he pleased to render any assistance in my power

through the medium of our Editor.
NME

DCE

Obituary.

EP Sand

On the 4th of May, at Dijon, Côtes d'Or, France,
Henry de La Cuisine, aged 64 years. Henry de La
Cuisine died rather suddenly. His last letter to me
is dated 16th April, 1891, and he was quite well at
that time. Since twenty years, he was one of my
best correspondents, and a good friend. He was a
very enthusiastic Naturalist, interested in all branches
of Natural History; but more especially in Ento-
mology. . He made a very fine Collection of Insects,
such as Carabus and Cyphus among Coleoptera ;
Ornithoptera, Papilio and Morpho,among Lepidoptera ;
Chrysis among Hymenoptera, &c. Lately he was very
interested in the Genus Acherontia (Sphingide). Of
these Moths he succeeded in procuring a large number
of specimens from all parts of the World. Besides his
love for Natural History, Henry de La Cuisine was a
splendid artist. No one had more facilities than him
for making a beautiful painting, in water colours at a
moment’s notice. I remember having sent him a very
rare specimen of JZorpho or Acherontia, which was
returned to me in the shape of a splendid water-
colour, three hours after having received the speci-
men. Henry de La Cuisine was a very learned man,
and at the same time quite modest. It is a great loss

for Science, and more for his friends. ‘
I (|B.

58

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[July 1, 1891

Report on June Public Sales of Feathers and
Bird Skins.

ae ee

Ostrich Feathers.

The auctions commenced 1st inst. and concluded
yesterday—they comprised 2,276 cases Cape and 8
Egyptian, of which 2,140 cases Cape, ana 6 cases of
Egyptian sold.

The weight of feathers offered was 31,000 lbs.
against 20,000 lbs. in April

The sales opened quietly and continued with a

dull tone throughout, and a general decline in prices |

was established. No doubt this was on account of
the exceptionally bad weather during last month
having depressed trade, added to the large quantity
brought forward which was in excess of require-
ments.

White.—The best qualities were not in so much
request as the medium, and were about 30s. per lb.
lower — seeonds and thirds declined 10s. @ 20s. per
Ib. Femina were about ro per cent. lower on the
average, and Byocks 20s. @ 30s. per Ib. Spadonas
White and Light were ros. @ 20s. per Ib. under last
sales, and Femina even more — White Boos declined
about 15s. per lb., Black butts ros. and Femina and
Drab 5s- @ 7s. 6d. per |b.—Long and medium Black
were 15 (@ 20 per cent. and best medium about 10 per
cent. lower, but ordinary medium and medium and
short not much change. Long and medium Drab
declined 15s. @ 20s. per 1b., except fine lots, which
were steady, good medium were about ros. per Ib.
lower and medium and short about 5s. easier. Floss
sold rather lower than last sales.

The quantity sold realised Z 102,000.

The remaining Sales are fixed for the following
dates :
2oth July.
7th September.

roth October,
3oth November.

White Primes 1st, 2ndand 3rd £5 to £14 per Ib
White Femina ... iron AT CO 2010 108: | 4,

Black long and medium MOOS tO 455 TOS: — op
Drab long and medium 2 ACE 18) 60; 3
Floss black medium... RDS WO HES Oak: 5s
Spadonas white and light ... 60s. to 95s. i
Spadonas femina .. 208. tO 555. 5
Boos white . 549 OOS; WO OF MO RE
Boos femina . ... 45S. to 55S. 5
Boos femina and drab 5 QySs OG 1 BES 55

Feathers and Bird Skins.

Long Osprey’ > 1B WO) 1/5, [Se Ox.

| Medium Osprey ... A BE ORT 5
Short Osprey 4 BO WO ABS, 5,
Selected ditto ....:. HIS TO OSs y

| Mixed Heron Soa US OGL GO. AS, 5
Red Heron 5 2S; Ola WO SEE
Grey Paddy SA 15 1081020 »
Peacock Neck feathers, blue + 251006 tO As, De ilo,
Peacock Neck feathers, GOS) 65 OS tO 258 |,
Peacock tail feathers ... Id a bundle.
Impegan Pheasants ... seo So NCH, So OGl, GAC
Black Argus ... > BS OGl, aS. uch ,,
Red Argus Le 5 So AG, 1685 TEL;
Japanese Pheasants Sd | lal, 5,
Blue Chatterers MTS NOR
Red and black Tanager 1s. 7d.
Yellow and black ditto. nes Cd Io mS, 7Gl,.
Dark red ditto ... gid. to tod. ,,
Red Tanagers 8id. to 83d. ,,
Orange ,, SC WO) REC à
Blue Creepers Add tOmsede es
Finches, various eG, to) Al
Ruby Humming FGl, tO EC

Pp enveralclmere 3ed. to 33d. .,
Various ditto. Su ane 1Gls EON AG: 55
Parrots rose heads aoe ie id. to 54d. ,,

» Ting necks TEAS (KO) BEX.
Small Kingfishers ING, Fae
Jays ne Gls TO ZAC

| Various India and Japan 4d. to 4d. ,,

Next sales will take place on | the 24th of

Just Arrived.

A magnificent collection of Bird Skins from New
Guinea, about 200 species, including Æpypodius
bruynt, Pitta rosenbergt, Xanthomelus aureus, Semi-
optera gouldt, Charmosina arfalki, and others, Vasi-
terna various, &c., &c.

A fine collection of bird skins from Japan, con-
taining Zurdus sibiricus, male, female and junior,
and many other species of Turdidæ ; a fine series of
hawks and owls, &c., &c.

A small collection of bird skins from Brazil, con-
taining Scolopax gigantea and other good species.

A small collection from Gaboon, containing rare
species of Nectarinidæ and others.

A small collection of beetles from Riversdale, S.
Africa containing AZanticora Seicheli and fine species
of Luprestide Cetonide, and others.

A very large collection of butterflies and moths
from Japan, 500 sfecies.

FOR SALE. **

Admission to Royal Aquarium.

Price 5 Guineas.

July x, 1801]

RARE STAMPS FOR SALE.

A fine lot of unused Colonials in very fine condition
with original gum.

ONLY ONE OF EACH FOR SALE.

a8 fb Gh

Bahamas, 1859, imperf., no wmk., 1d. ees
fine pair.. 5 0 0
9 2 » perf.,no wink. 1d. bike 0 10 0
Barbados, 1852, impert., on blue paper, 1d. blue 0 15 O
aa a ee A 4d. red 1 5 O
a 1856, Bs on white paper, 4d.green 0 15 0
“6 ay ee » ds.black, pair 1 10 0

Se 1860, perf., 4d. green, 1d. blue, 4d. red,
the three 0 5 0
, 6d. red, Is. black, the two 0 7 O
Ceylon, 1861, ee wmk. star, 9d. brown ... 1 10 0
» 28. blue SE
Mauritius, 1858. Figure of Britannia, 4d. green . 6 (Duo
St. Vincent, 1861, pert., no wmk., 1d. luke.. 0 1 0
js Ke A x 6d. green me OP 2 00
as “i Ay 55 1s. purple black 0). 1 ©
= 1s. dark blue .… 0 10 0
Trinidad, 1851, ‘impert., on blue paper. 1d. brown 1 O0 0
de ‘A je 4d. purple brown... 1 10 O
+ ie 6d. blue... 1 10 O
mr) Bs white paper, ‘Ad. purple brown... 1 5 0
à 1857, 3 Me Ad. slate... 1 15 0
18. indigo 2 BY (0)
‘Turks Islands, 1867, perf., no ‘wmk., 1d. rose Oi ©
ss i i 2 6d. black QO. 8 oO
5 Is. blue 0 4 0
Victoria, 1857, impert., 09 ‘star wmk., ld. green, pair 1 O O

TO ETHNOLOGISTS AND OTHERS.

FOR SALE.
Twenty finely carved Ariows and 1 Bow from New Guinea
Price 20s.
African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s.

Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very
nicely carved Price 30s. each.
Pagaie from New Guinea, made of palm tree Price 30s.
Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what
appears to be Musicians, two large figures in the centre and
six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is
quite unique, and no Museum in the world possesses anything
like it Price £50.
A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central
America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, ete. from 5s.

Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America
from 6d.
Statuettes representing the Indians of Mexico and Guatemala
from 3s.
Hats, Baskets, Mats and various Objects made with palm
leaves and various textile plants, from Central America, Mada-

gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.
Samples of Textile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal

Plants, etc. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.
Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from Is.

Hte., ete., etc.

STANDS, STYLE |
Wholesale Price.

No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per hundred
» 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s. ne
» 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. ri
» 4 ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small
Hawks at 32s. a
» 5 ,, Small Hawks to Large Hawks
and Owls at 40s. ue

THE HUMMING BIRD. 7

TO BOOKSELLERS AND OTHERS.

Boucard. Catologus Aviem, English or French preface, Syste-
matic Classification of Birds, 8s. instead of 12s.
Catalogue of Birds, published by the British Museum.
Vol. 1 to 6inclusive. The first three Volumes are out of

print. Price £10.
Hand List of Birds, Gray, published by the British Museum.
3 vol. 8vo. Price 25s.
Guide pour collecter, préparer et expédier des Collections
d'histoire naturelle. 1s.
Guia para colectar, conservar y despachar Colecciones de
historia natural. Is.

Petit Atlas d’Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
les plus connus, dessinés d’après nature par Martinet,
Paris, 1784.

1 Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition. Contents:

Æpître à Buffon, Tableau général du classement des Oiseaux

livisés Vaprés Buffon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou

Familles. 150 splendid coloured plates par Martinet. Exceed-
ingly rare. £50.

America, by John Ogilby Esq., London, 1671. Grand in folio,
675 pages, 121 splendid Engravings and Maps. £30.

Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, ete., by Don Antonio Solis, .
Brusselas, 1741.
1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Engravings and Maps. Pages
1 to 9 slightly stained. £20
Historia General de las Cosas de Nueva Espana, by Rev.
Bernardino de Sahagun, con notas y suplementos, por
Carlos Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in
4to., uncut. £5.
Historia de las Conquistas de Hernando Cortez, por Francisco
Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas y addiciones, por Carlos
Maria de Bustamante, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. in 4to, 315 pp.
£2.
Tezeoco en los ultimos tiempos de sus antiguos Reyes.
Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos de Boturini y redac-
tados por el Lic. Mariano Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol-
16mo, 276 pages. £2.
Jatecismo y Declaracion de la Doctrina Christiana en lengua
OTOMI, con un Vocabulario del mismo idioma, por el

R. P. Joaquin Lopez Yepes, Mexico, 1826. 1 Vol. in 4to,
254 pages. £4.

D. 2, Kampuysens Stichtelyke Rymen, by M. Mathieu, Rot-
terdam, 1688. 1 Vol. in 8vo., 680 pages. £2.

Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno Catecismo impreso
en el idioma MEXICANO, por un Sacerdote devoto de la
Madre santissima de la Luz, etc.

Puebla, 1819. 1 Vol., 67 double pages, one side in Mexican,
the other in Spanish. £2 10
Various Calendarios Mexicanos, 1830 to 1860. 2s. each.

ARTIFICIAL
Wholesale Price.

Black Coloured

per gross

EYES,

Cornered
& Veined
per doz.pairs

Cornered

per oz. pairs

No.lto4 6d. 1s. 64. No.4to6 3s. 6d. 4s. 6d.
59 Dog Selo 2s. 6d. nn Tip © ws Mel 6s. Od.
» 9,,10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. DUO) 6s. Od. 88: Od.
» Ll 23.0d. 5s. 6d. peered) 7s. Od. 9s. Od.
i A PS, WSs Ode » 11 8s. 0d. 10s. Od.
» 13 28.64. 10s. 0d. » 12 9s. 0d. 11s. Od.

doz. of pairs
» 14 3s.0d. Is. 6d. ») 13) 10s. .0d- 12s. Od.
» Ld 38s.6d. 2s: 64: day iss Od: 13s. 0d
» 16 4s.0d. 2s. 6d. » lo 138s: 0d. 15s. Od
» 17 88.04. 3s. Od. Larger sizes can be made
» 18 12s.0d. 4s. Od. to order.

Nr. 1to4are gocd for humming birds and others up to
the size of Tanagers.

No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies.

No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls.

No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, ete.

No, 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc,

vi THE HUMMING BIRD. July x, 189%]
Ss. *
List of stuffed Birds for, | Nyctiardea europea, S. ee So.
Sale — ardeola ... 10 | Chaulelasmus strepera, L. 10
5 Ss. | Nyctherodius violaceus, L. 10 — marmoratus, T. ro
Tinamus major, G.... … 89 | Pilherodius pileatus, B. / 12] Marmonetta angustirostris, M. 12
Crypturus variegatus, G. on Scopusiumbtettas Game 12 | Spatula clypeata, L. ... LEE
Otis tarda, L. (cited tn Vieillot Canchroma cocklearia, L. . 20 | Fuligula rufina, V. A,
works ) oc 100 | Ciconia alba, B. LU ... 40] Fulix rufitorques, B. ... a OO
— Tetrax, L. ... 206 LO — maguari,G. 50| — marila, L. : a TO)
Lupodotis denhamt, C. . 200 | Menanopelargus nigra, L. 50| — affinis, FE. (Labrador) ICO
Sypheotis Are M2 5°)| Nenorhynchus indice, Iu 30:| Aythya ferina, L. : LO

Afrotis afra, G. . - ... 50 | Leptoptilos crumeniferus, C.... 8o| — nyroca, G. ; ie

Sypheotides macqueeni, G. .… 40 | Cranopelargus javauicus, H.... 80 | Bucephala barowt, DB. Lo 00)
Cariama Cristata L. ... 100 | Platalea leucorodia, L. 20 — clangula, Le HT ©
Psophia crepitans, L. ... eas — ajaja, L. 12 — Abel IU.) RO
Chauna chavaria, L. … 80 | Grus cinerea, B. ahi 40 — Zion, Ibe 50
Opisthocomus cristatus, L. ... 30] — antigone, male 60 | Harelda glacialis, L. 12
Penelope obscura, V. 3 — leucogeranus, P. SON SAMA UE CIGAR, Sy one 50
Ortalida motmot, L. .. 20 | Anthropoides virgo, L. 60 | Somateria molhssima L, 50
Oreophasis derbiana, G. R. ©. 100) || Baleariea pavonina, L. sch) (IO) — spectabilis, L. 60
Crax alector, L. za ... 50] Phœnicopterus antiquorum, T. 50) Oidemia nigra, 1: dae | WO
Polyplectron chincquis . 490 | Phœnicorodias ruber, L. ... 40 | Pelionetta perspicillata, L. 40
Phasianus colchicus, L. .. 20 | Sarkidiornis melanonotus, P. .. 40 | Melanittafusca, L. ... sta |
— torquatus T. 20 | Plectropterus gambensis, L. ... 50 | Erismatura leucocephala, S. ... ro
Chrysolophus pictus, male 20 | Anser segetum, G. . … 20 | Mergus serrator, L: 15
— = MomMe ous fr brachyrynchus, B. T2 — merganser, L, TE
— amherstiæ, male... 50! — albifrons, G. : 50 | Lophodytes cucullata,L. ... 20
— — female... : 20 | Mamnlochen erythropus Wie 20 | Mergellus albicollis, L. AAC)
Acomus erythropthalmus, R.... 16 — minutus ... 20 Colymbus elacialis, L. iS 20
Gallus sonnerati, T. 20 | Chen hyperboreus, Pall. 80 — articus, L. a AG
Creagrius varius, S. ... 20 | Branta bernicla, L. 20 — septentrionalis, L.... 20
Ceriornis satyra, E. male .. 20 | Chlamidochen jubata, L. 20 | Podiceps cristatus, L. ... _ 10
Meleagris americana, B. 80 | Leucopareia leucopsis, B. 20 rubricollis, L. 8
a= ocellatay (C: 100 | Rufibrenta ruficolits, P. 100 | Dytes auritus, L. : 8
Tantalus ibis, L. se -.- 25 | Chloephaga magellanica, G. ... 40|/ — cornutus,G. ... 10
— religiosus, L. … 2 | Bernicla leucoptera, G. ... 50] Proctopus nigricollis, S. 12
Ibis rubra, L. a> .. 12 | Nettapus madasgariensis G. ... 12] Rollandia leucotis, C. 12
—- falcinellus, L. . 05 LE — coromandelicus, L.... 10 | Sylbeocyclus minor, L. penis
Carphibis spinicollis, J. … 50 | Cygnus olor, G. ye Jc 507) Rodicepsicarolimensis MEN INR
Hagedashia bishagedash, L.... 25 — nigricolhs, G. … 50| Mormon fratercula, C. 16
— chalcoptera, Vieill, typical... 50 — musicus, B. ... 50 — grabze; B, 12
TCFOSIMOOS CODEN LE oan BO — minor, P. LOL = Nelacralis ne 20
Dromas ardeola, P. 20 | Chenopis atratus, L. 6o | Utamania torda, L. T2
Ardea cinerea ie 12 | Dendrocygnaarcuata, C. to | Cheniécus cirrhatus, G. 25
— melanocephala, AG anole, + major J. to | Simorhynchus cristatellus, P. 12
= major, © A T2 — viduata, L. ro | Phaleris nodirostris, P. 20
— purpurea, L. SRE — autumnalis, L. 10 | Spheniscus chrysocomus, T. ... 50
Herodias egretta, G. . See? = mexicana, L. 10 AHO 2 patagonita, P. ... 100
— garzetta, L. ... 12 | Tadorna cornuta, CG. 15 | Brachyramphus antiquus, L. 16
— pealei, B. 12 { Casarca rutila, G. 10 | Uria grylle, L. 6
Florida ccerulea, L. 12 | Aix sponsa, L. 1 RTE ONE MERE 10
"Cole ME 20 | — galericulata, L. 21 brune 20
Agamia agami,G. ... 20 | Mareca penelope, L. ... 12| — lachrymans, L. 16
Bubulcus ibis, H. 10 — famericana, G. mires, Mille a5 Beco | bac IC
— speciosus, India 8 — chiloensis, k.... 20 | Puffinus major F. ABET Ite)
Ardeola comata, P. 10 | Dafila acuta, L. mi Peewee — fuliginosus, S. aout &
Ardetta minuta, L. 6 | Poeciloneta bahamensis, L.... 16 — anglorum, C. 10
— exils, L. 6 | Anas boschas, L. 10 — obscurus, G. ME 0)
— scapularis 8| — cristata, G. 16 — cinereus, S. ... ee) oe
Zebrilus undulatus, G. ANA ET CSI ee 50 — ‘yelcuanus, A. RAS)
— _philippensis 8 | Querquedula cœruleata, L. 6 | Procellaria pelasgica, L. Soren eo)
Butorides virescens, L. 10 —- discors, L. ME — leucorhoa G. Smart te
Botaurus stellaris, L. ... Be D2 == Jalcata, G. One ) 100 | Pelagodroma fregata, L. 50
— lentiginosus eae Netionicreccarmlle. 8 | Fulmarus glacialis, L 30
Tigrisoma brasiliense, L. ..." r2 torquata, V. (type) 50 | Cookilaria cooki, G.R. Gr. 20
— tigrinum, G. Sch A formosa, G.... 50 | Daption capensis, I. 12

Tuy 1, 1801] THE HUMMING BIRD. vil
List OF STUFFED BIRDS FOR 5. si
SALE. mr EAD s. | Circus cyaneus, L. ... Si Halcovaesalons Ua aye. - soo. ©
Prion magnirostris, G. 200 — SWainsoni, S.... 16| — aurantius,G. ... ae) TO
Diomedea exulans, L. 509: LOO — cinerascens, S. . 8| — chicquera, D. S69 IO
Thalassarche chlororhynchas, — — Se (black variety) 30! — concolor, C.(leg.imper.) 30
G ak: ae eo —— aeruginosus, L. 10} — eleonorae, M. PHARE te)
Stercorarius parasiticus, L. ... V20 | Melierax polyzonus, R. 20 | Hierofalco candicans, G. (Tem.
Coprotheres pomarinus, T. 25 | Astur palumbarius, L. 16 Collection) ... Loc. BO
Megalesthris catarractes, L. ... to] — badius,G.... ... 6 | ffierofalco gyrfalco, Vhs Norway 50
Larus maximus, L. 20 { — soloensis, L. 162, — = Lapponia 60
— peyreaudi Vieill, 20} — novae hollandiae, G. 20 | Qed, (Ge) ‘wae 590.) DO
— tenuirostris, C..... 15 | Accipiter nisus, L. fo. Cerchneis) tinmunculaselesie enc ©
— cirrhocephalus, V. ae — virgatus, B. 16 | — punctata, T. 12
(typical sp.) ae FA ZO — cooperi, B. 16 | — sparveria, L. Meant LS
— canus, V. ee NT — Hits, IL, ce 8 | — tinnunculoides, V. 12
——) flavipes, Mey 7... enr — badius, Alleon, Swyrna 16 | — vespertina, L. Se NTE?
— Richardsoni, W. 16 | Tachy triorchis pterocles, V.... 40 | Pandion haliætus, L. Beate)
— bonapartei, S. 20 | Luteo jakal, D. es 50 | Gyps fulvus, occidentalis
Gabianus pacificus, L. 30| — ferox, G. (Volga). 50 G. Sardinia 2. LOO
— marinus, L. 20| — desertorum, D. 20 | Ofogyps auricularts, D, 100
Clupeilarus fuscus, . 20| — lineatus, V. Canada. 30 | Neophron perenopterus, L. ... 30
Leucus glaucus, B. 30| — vulgaris, L. f 16 | Sarcoramphus gryphus, L.

—- leucopterus, F. 25 | — tachardus, martini, Hard very old male. ï 200
Laroides michaelis, B, sane ean Volga Me 30. Cathartes papa, I. ro | GO
Adelarus leucopthalmwr, F4 .…, 25 | Archibuteo lagopus, G. 25 | Catharistes atrata, B. ... UC)

— icthyaetus, F. 50 | Busarellus nigricollis, L. 20 | Oenops aura. L. doc + 020
Chroicocephalus ridibundus, DE Urubitinga niger, V.. © | Polyborus brasiliensis, G. .... 20

— capistratus, T. ... 10| Gypaetus barbatus, Ss (very fine | Ibycter americanus, B. Sos NO
Atricilla atricilla, L. ae 0) specimen) 100 | — chimango. V. édo ao
Melagavia melanocephala, N. 20 | Aquila fulva, L. 60 | Bubo turcomanus, E. ACC
fydrocoloeus minutus, P. 20 == heliaca SS. 100 | — ascalaphus, S. ... AO
Pagophila eburnea, G. 50 — planga, V. 50| — atheniensis A. ... DAT ts)
Rissa tridactyla, L. 8 | —: rapax, C. 50! — magellanicus, G. AS
Sterna hirundo, L. 8 — naevia, Gr 30 | Scops aldrovandi, B. ... Sia Bs

— factea, alba V. 100 | Wesaetus bonnelli, C. ..-. GO) |!-—== MECS: 110 ast eg Te

— leucoparei a, Ne Io; — _ pennatus, G. Turke 30 | Nyctea scandiaca. L. : 40

— nigra, S. oy nn OC AAA OUI CE un Surnia ulula, L. Arkangel ... 4o

— dougalh, M. 16 Duchess de Berry Coll.) 50| — -— N. America. 20
Gelichelidon anglica, Mont. .… 12 | Spilornis, bacha D. 20 | Carine noctua, S. Ne Sie i
Actochelidon cantiaca, G. ... ro | Helotarsus ecaudatus, D. 5S) ==. lowe, (Co 8

— affinis, R. 12 | Haliaetus albicillus, L. 80 — persica, V. | TO

— arctica, A. 20 — leucocephalus. x 8o | Speotypo cunicularia, Meno sine
Thalasseus caspiae, P 20 —— leucoryphus G. | Glaucidium passerinum, L. ... €
~ — bergi, L. 120 Monts Altai ie TOO | — perlatum V. (/fe).

Sternula minuta, eee … 6) Gypohterax angolensis, G. 100 { occipitalis, T°. 40
Hydrochelidon fissipes, L. .... 6 | Hahastur ponticerianus, G. 2 — | ferruginea, B. 10
— fuliginosa, G. 16 | Elanoides furcatus, L. LMP | ANSIO OU AL Be son. 180)
Anous stolidus, L. 10 | Nauclerus riocourt, V., typical 60) — brachyotus, L. ... MOTO
Naenia inca, L. 40 | Milvus regalis, B. 30 Syrniumaluco, LE: .. 12
Rhyncops nigra, L. 12 — govinda, S. 30 — lapponicum, R. 60
. Phaeton aethereus, L. ANR —. aegyptus, G. ... NZ — uralense, P. 50

— phænicurus, G. 326) XSI a COIS Ne 25 BO] ==) | nloull@sibion, Al, 40

— candidus, G. 25 | Lostramus hamatus, V. 30 | Nyctala tengmalmi, G. 10
Plotus anhinga, L. 10 | Elanus coeruleus, D... 8 — acadica,G. ... i 6

— levaillanti, L. 16 —melanopterus, B. Volga... 16 | Strix flammea, L. 12
Carbo cormoranus, M. … 16 | Gampsonyx swainsoni, V. 20| — javanica, I. SA deh hl?

aan Sp No Boleyn aac) ale Fernis apivorus, L. ? 16 | All these birds are in fine condition

ile Desmaresti, P. 20 | Harpagus diodon, T.... 20 | and mounted by experienced hands.

— albicollis, 16 | Ictinia plumbea, G. TU ;

_- gaymardi, L. -. 40] Microhierax coerulescens, L.... 12 or

— cristatus, F. (Island) 20 | Falco communis, G. 12 FOR SALE,
Pelecanusonocrotalus, L. ... 8o| — pealei, R. 20 | Several hundred species of Reptiles,

— crispus, B. ... I100 — barbarus, L. … 16 | Fishes and Crustaceae, in alcohol,
Atagen aquila, L 4 ... 50] — lanarius graecus, S. … 3o|from Mexico, Central America,
Polyborides radiatus, S. ZONE NS UDDUTEO IE ANNEE … 8 | Cuba, New Guinea etc.

vi THE HUMMING BIRD. [July 1, 1807

BOUCARD, POTTIER & CoO,.,

ee ee AND FEATHER MERCHANTS,
225, Iigh Wolborn, London, W.C., England.
COMMISSION. EXPORTATION.

Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural
History, Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all
orders pinued and set, or in papers; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ;
Crustaceæ and Arachnidæ in spirit; Hthnological collections from all parts; Showy Bird Skins and
Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for
Artificial Fiorists ; Rare old Stamps, used and unused ; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, etc.,
etc., etc.

All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottier
& Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best
prices for them.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. hee to advise Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they
undertake to stuff from a Humming Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices. Only experienced and
scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for that work, which will always be of the best class.

An inspection of their Galleries, where a large number of specimens are always on show, 1s solicited.

Special fabrication of Mammans and Birps Hyss at wholesale prices which defy all competition, either
as quality or price. See special Advertisement.

New Sranps For Brrps, suitable for Museums and Scientific Institutions. No one should be without
them. ‘ihe appearance of the Birds on these stands is unequalled, and everyone should adopt them and
renovate the old ones. See Advertisement.

ace vu: ma

TO BE LET OR SOLD 29 VILLAS RONDO 25, 27.
Two semi-detached Villas, full south, standing in their own

SEVERAL PROPERTIES ground of 1,000 mètres, situated on the Corso GarABaLDT, (the

most pleaeant walk of the town) hardly at 10 minutes walk

BR TL fas, BN- PE M © 5 from the central part of the town and 15 of the station.

No. 25.—Ground Floor.— Three fine rooms, Kitchen, Office,
and Cellar.
First Floor.—Six comfortable rooms.

The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera,

493 minutes from Monte Garlo. No. 27-—Exactly the same, more Underground floor with
kitchen and two large rooms. Front and back gardens.
Price for the two villas see … vee … francs 45,000
Separately.
O
| VILLA MARIA LUIGTA. No Hayne uaa EE Sr En cs 25; DO
A charming residence, standing in its own ground, situated No. 27 … .…. s+ .… +. francs 30,000
Corso Levante on one side and the BrAcx on the other, at LETTING.
about 15 minutes’ walk from the centre of the town and 20 Nou 25 AUN nnished ah ake ast OOO
from the gration. Splendid view in all directions, beautiful Furnished, winter season … — 2,000
garden of about 2,000 mètres, in which a large space has beeu Nie SE BORGO - 000
laid purposely for lawn tennis and other games. | No. 27. —Unfurnishe 1? NE EEE ro n CSD 0
Carriage and private entrances. Furnished, winter season... — 2.500
Gumnastie, Summer Houses, Aviary, Bathing Cabin, de. De summer season ... ats 1,250
Excellent water. Separate floors can also be let with or without furniture.

Ground Floor.—Three fine rooms, full south, with 7 bay

windows opening on the Garden, Kitchen, Offices, Cellar, &e. "1 3. i.

Firs! Floor.—Three large and fine rooms, full south, two on AY A PIECE GE LAND, about 350 metres.
the north side, all of them communicating. Magnificent for ;
Receptions, Soirées, &c. Cloak Room. Fall south, on the Corso MezzoGronNo, two minutes from

the station and the port, in the central part of the town.

Second Eloor.—Four large rooms, full south, one of them
with dressing-room, three fine rooms on the north side. Cloak Price RENE ODS ED oR eee CS aa OUD
Ron Corridor in the middle. LENTDN CON ee EEE n GE ES 00

Size of Villa: length 18 metres, width 10 metres.

Price … … .…. .… .… ... francs 60, 000 Exchange could be made for property situated in England.
LETTING. -

Unfurnished .. … eee eve francs 3,500 For further information, apply ij
Hurnished, Winter season, NG months aa) Sees » 2,500

More the letting of the furniture according to the value of M. A, BOUCARD,

same required.
Furnished, Summer season, 3 months.

Price to agree. | 295, High Holborn, London, W.C.

LONDON): Published by A. BOUCARD, at 225, High Holborn, W.C.; and Printed at J.S. LEVIN’S Printing Works, 75, Leadenhall Street, B.C.
July 1, 1891.

A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

VOL. |, NO. 8 | August 1, 1891. PRICE SIXPENCE.

Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ; all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.
All other countries, 6 shillings.

S
Nog
VAS

\\
X

AW
BAY wes
KW

‘

D

Mramaic. PoucondDi

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

MR ADOBPHEWBOUCARD,

NATURALIST,
Officier d’Académie, 1878; Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;
Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1865;
de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1889 ;
Member of the International Jury, Paris, 1889 ; Member of many scientific societies;
HOMMEC MES, Mec

CONTENTS OF No. 8.—AUGUST 1, 1891.

The Plantain or Banana Plant by A. Boucard. Royal Aquarium.
A Visit to the British Museum. Natural History | Review of New Scientific Books.
Department. Report on the celebrated Collection of Shells formed
Inauguration of the Statue of Pierre Belon, the by the late Sir David Barclay and sold in public
Naturalist. _ Sale at Stevens the 6th of July and three follow-
A Giant Land Crab. ing days.
An easy way of making #100 a year in collecting! Scientific Books for Sale.
specimens of Natural History at leisure time. |

[ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.]

il THE HUMMING BIRD.

[August 1, 1891.

FOR SALE.—Shells.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.
LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE SHELLS.

Glandinidæ, 1s. each. Helicidæ, 64. each. Bulimidæ
15. each. Achatinidæ, 1s. each. Chlindrellide, 15. 6d.
each. Clausilidæ, 34. each. Ampularidæ, 6d. each.
Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclosto-
nidæ, 64. each. Helicinidæ, 34 each. Unio,
Anodonta, and Ostrea, 64. each.

Marine Shells—4/7 the Collection including
Argonyuta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa,
Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra, Conus, Sfrombus,
Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo,
Venus, Cardium, &c., 6d. each.

Can be divided if required.

All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office.

Insects Coleoptera.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.

Cicindelidæ, including types of Oxygonia,
Boucardi Chev, Cincindela costaricensis and others,
2s.each. Carabidæ, including many types, 15. each.
Dytiscidæ, 64. each. Staphylinidæ, 34. each.

Pselaphidæ, Gnostidæ, Paussidæ, Scydmaenidæ,
Silphidæ, Scaphididæ, Histeridæ, Nitidulidæ, Trog-
ositidæ, Rhyssodidæ, Cucujidæ, Cryptophagide,
Derodontidæ, Latrididæ, Mycetophagidæ, Dermestidæ
Byrrhidæ, Parnidæ, and Heteroceridæ, 34. each.
Lucanidæ and Passalidæ, including many types, 1,
each. Copridæ, 64. each. Melolonthidæ, 64. each,
Rutelidæ, including all the types of Plusiotis,
Chrysina, Heterosternus, 25. each. Scarabæidæ, 1s.
each. Cetonidæ, 1s. each. Buprestidæ, 1s. each.
Trixagidæ, Monommidæ, Eucnemidæ, and Elateridæ,
6d. each. Cebrionidæ. Rhipidoceridæ, Dascillidæ,
and Malacodermidæ, 34. each. Cleridæ, 64. each.
Lymexilonidæ, Cupesidæ, Ptinidæ, Bostrychidæ, and
Cioidæ, 34. each. Tenebrionidæ, 34. each. Nilion-
idæ, Pythidæ, Melandryidæ, Lagriidæ, Pedilidæ.
Anthicinæ, Pyrochroidæ, Mordellidæ, and Rhipidoph-
oridæ, 34. each. Cantharidæ, 64. each. Cephaloide,
Oedemeridæ, and Mycteridæ, 34. each. Curculionidæ
and Scolytidæ, 34. each. Brenthidæ and Anthotribidæ,
6d. each. Cerambycidæ, 1s. each: Bruchidæ, 3d. each.
Chrysomelidæ, 34. each. Cassididæ, 6%.
Languridæ and Erotylidæ, 64. each. ‘Tritomidz and
Coccinellidæ, 34. each.

Postage Stamps
FOR SALE.

A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts
of the World. For prices &c. apply to Naturalists Agency,
225, High Holborn, W.C,

WANTED TO BUY.

Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, 0
which none have been added since the last 20 years.

Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-
ally Colonials and old German states.

Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.

Old unused English and Colonials.

Old works on stamps.

Proofs of stamps, ete. etc.

each.

TO ORNITHULOGISTS.
i FOR SALE.

Fine mounted specimen of Alca impennis, the Great Auk,
(extinet species). Pedigree from date of capture, 1836, will
be given to buyer.

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of
bird Reinhardtia ocellata Bp., the greatest discovery of the
century. Price £50

FOR SALE.— From Kina Balu (Borneo).
Calyptomena whiteheadi, male, 100s. A magnifi-
cent bird, discovered lately by Mr. Whitehead in the

interior of Borneo. Many other species from the
same collector (magnificent skins).

FOR SALE.

A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts
of the world. 2,000 varieties. Fifty years work.
Will be sold at a bargain.

Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili. In the
most perfect condition. 23 specimens, at 5s. each.

Great Reduction in Prices.
Bird Skins for Sale.
AT NATURALIST’S AGENCY,
225, HIGH HOLBORN,

LONDON, W.C.

Wild Pigeon ... Je ei ... 12/- dozen
Parrots, various a She ELRAIP -
Mandarin Duck 30/- 4
Red Partridge .... 20/- 5:
Small Owl (Scops) 30/- -
Medium Owl ... 12/- e
Barn Owl 36/- 5
Large Owls, various 24/- A
King Fisher (flat skins) ANT Fe
Pheasant heads Lee se SHEP RO ly [= rs
Metallic Merle 10/- i
Metallic blue Merle 24/- mi
Longtail 24/- ut
Longtail Trojan 200/- &
Short 39 2) 50/- ”
Red Tanager eu L2ie ni
Orange Tanager pa 8/- to 24/- à
Black and Vellow ditto … 24/- EA
Large Grey King Fisher 24/-
Californian Quail 4 sc NT DE +
Grey Starling ... i af OT D
Starling (fine skins)... “ere ¥

(poor made skins) .. i eae x
Large African Bee Eater 20/- È
Grey Heron (Breast) . 20/- 14

Indian Partridge Ses CONTE ë

African Hoopooe (fine skins) .. 24/- A
Small Bustard . 36/- bb
Red Bird of Paradise (round skins) .. . r20/- x
Yellow, ditto .. 200/- é
Australian Rifle Bird . 200/- i
New Guinea, ditto 180/- x
Californian Woodpecker 24/- _
Red Mackaw (flat skins) 30/- RK
American Jay . eis 10/- À

August 1, 1601. THE HUMMING BIRD. ii
Japanese, ditto ies Las .… 6/- dozen | Red Osprey (flat skins, very sn .. 30/- dozen
Swallows ze su an deve) (Oe is Plovers and Snipes J 6/- to 12/- me
Thrushes fe un ae sot RUNGE , Golden Oriole .. RTE js
Woodpeckers ... ti BRNO 49 Mexican Starling 12/- to 24/- a
Cock of Rock (fine skins) ae a) ESO) = Sp Longtail ,, HA -
Indian Crow, ditto 36/- D Royal Fly Catcher MSC “i
Girly, 9.5 ; 18/- + Birds, various, large 6/- to 12/- 5
Large, ditto 18/- ss ny small ... 3/- to 6/- pd
Large Sea Swallow se 12/- st Ruby Humming ae te Heda Tye 7
Small _,, 35 (minuta) ... 24/- 5 Long Bluetail Humming ne 36/- 5
Small black, ditto Bs Sey SH 7. Humming, various (all males) 6/- to ap a
Waxwing de SES Koy 55 i » (young males and
Five Coloured Finch . . 24/- ‘ females) 2/- to 3/- i
Tanagers, various 3/- to 12/- it Butterflies set, a large variety of
Blue(Ereepers 2. ae Seay 3 species 3/- to 6/- =
Green \,,, Le je EEO | pe Blue Morpho 106 24/- to 48/- a
Manakins, various 6/- to 12/- 5 Beetles, a great Fo TOME 2/- to 6/-

Turtle Doves Dei .… 6/- to 12/- 45 Blue beetles 20 4/- per 1000
Hawks, various Ja ... 6/-to 12/- Fs Green, ditto 4/- per 1000
Regent Bird 60/- to 80/- My

Owl Parrot -- 250/- ” For other sorts, and for Ospreys, Peacock, Ostrich,
Golden Turkey Bool a.;: Paddy, and Vulture feathers, apply at

Grebe (flat skins) 24/- A

Alpine Crow 18/- i THE NATURALISTS AGENCY,

Argus Pheasant 60/- to 80/- 225, HIGH HoLBoRN,

Impeyan _,, 80/- to 100/- n Lonpon, W.C.

Japanese ,, FENTE As Novelties always in stock, and new Lots constantly
Fire Back ,, 36/- ok coming to hand.

FOR SALE.
Books on Natural History, etc.

Atlas d'Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
les plus connus dessinés d’après nature par
Martinet, Paris, 1784.

1 Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition.
Contents: Epitre a Buffon, Tableau général
du classement des Oiseaux divisés d’après
Buffon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou
Familles. 150 splendid coloured plates par
Martinet. Exceedingly rare, perhaps uni-
que. 50.

Agassiz — Nomenclator Zoologicus, Soloduri, 1842-
1846, gros vol. in 4to. a a 408.

— Nomenclatoris Zoologici index universalis Solo-

duri, 1848, in 12m0 ... a IOS.
— De l'espèce et des classifications en 1 Zoologie,
1 vol. in 8vo . ar 4S.
America, by John Ogilby, 'Esq., London, ant
Grand in folio, 675 pages, 121 splendid
Engravings and Maps. Pano):

Boucard, A. —Catalogius Avium; contenant 2,456
genres et 11,030 espèces, avec une nouvelle
classification systématique. Londres, 1876,
1 vol. in 8vo.. IOS.

— Monographic List of the Genus Plusiotis, with
description of new species. (From the Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society of London),

1874. Brochure in 8vo, avec planche
coloriée aM ne Lu AS.
— La même, planche noire ne Big 25.

eM oo

arret

— Notes sur les Trochilidés du Mexique (Extrait
des Annales de la Société linnéenne de Lyon),

1 brochure in 8vo, Lyon, 1875 sb: IS.
— Notes sur quelques Trochilidés, ditto,
TOY Er Spon ARGS ao to IS.
— Catalogue des collections d'Histoire na-

turelle, récoltées au Mexique, par Mr. A.
Boucard, avec le prix de chaque espèce 6d.
— Catalogue de Mammifères, Oiseaux, Reptiles,
Poissons et Coquilles, de la Californie, de la
Louisiane, du Mexique, et de l’Uruguay,
1,328 espèces, avec prix ... 6d.
— Catalogue de Coléoptères (Carabidæ), et Colé-

optères divers 1,477 espèces, avec prix Gale
— Catalogue de Coléoptères Héteromères et de
Curculionides, 2,242 espèces, avec prix 6d.
— Catalogue @’Oiseaux, Reptiles, et Poissons, 1,157
espèces, avec prix ... IS.
— Liste de Coléoptères exotiques, 2 ,636 espèces,
AVEC IS.
— Guide pour collecter, Préparer) et expédier des
collections d'histoire naturelle ide 6d.
— Le méme en espagnol Hie 6d.

British Museum — Catalogue’ of the “specimens
and Drawingsof Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and
Fishes of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum,
by John Edward Gray, second edition. 2s. 3d.

— Report on the Zoological Collections made in
the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of
Te MS albert 1.38.1-2) Ep EVE CSA
DIATESLOOA OVO: | lene : 308.

— Catalogue of the bones of Mammals in the
Collection of the British Museum, by E.
Gerrard. Pp. IV ; 296, 1862, 8vo.... 5s.

1V

THE HUMMING BIRD.

Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs and Fruit-eating
Bats in the Collection of the British Museum
by Dr. J. E. Gray, Pp. VIII. 137, 21 Wood-
cuts. 1870, 8vo. je 4S.

Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydenmaroas and
Edentate Mammalia in the British Museum
by John Edward Gray, a MINES 08
Woodcuts, 1869, 8vo. Be | OSte0d:

Hand List of Seals, Mon Le Lions and
Sea Bears in the British Museum, by Dr.
J. E. Gray, Pp. 43, 3° cane of skulls. 1874,
SVO RCE si 2sods

Catalogue of Soak Bnd: Whales in the British
Museum, by John E. Gray, second edition,

Pp. VII ; 402. 101 Woodcuts. 1866. 8vo. 8s, |

Supplement by John E. Gray, Pp. VI.
II Woodcuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. 6d.
List of the specimens of Cetacea in the Zoo-
logical Department of the British Museum,
by William Oe Flower, Hp IN 26: 1835)
8vo. 1s. 6d.
Catalogue of Ruminane Mana (Pecora
linnœus) in the British Museum, by John
Edward ome Ppy VITEro2 4 plates, 1872,
SVO cop, SE (CG
Hand List of dentate: Thick skinned and
Ruminant Mammals in the British Museum,
by Dre Ee Grays ep. Ville 176s) 42 eplates
Ot Slaulligg Sey ie77a, SOs = 12s.
Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremeta
in the Collection of the British Museum, by
Oldfield Thomas. Pp. XIII. 401, 4 coloured
and 24 plain plates, 1888, 8vo 28s
Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum
Vol. 1. (out of print) Accipitres or diurnal
Birds of prey, by R. Bowdler Sharpe, 480

pages. Woodcuts and 14 coloured plates,
(Systematic and Muhabene ape 1874,
8VO. 50S.

Vol. II. (out D D) Ge or Nocturnal
Birds of prey, by R. Bowdler Sharpe. 326
pages, Woodcuts and 14 coloured plates.
1875, 8VO. 50S,

Vol silt: cr forme or 1 Parchine Birds, Colio-
morphe containing the families, Corvide,
Paradiseidæ, Oriolidæ, Dicruridæ ‘and Prion:
opidæ, by R. Bowdler Sharpe, Pp. XIII ; 363.
Woodcuts and 14 coloured plates. 1870, 8vo,

3 17.

Vol. nv. “Pasearornnee™ or Perche Bids. Ciclo-
morphe Part 1 containing the families Campe-
phagidæ and Muscicapide, by R. Bowdler
Sharpe, Pp. XVI; 494. Woodcuts and 14
coloured plates, 1879, 8vo. ... 20S.

Vol. V. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Cichlomorphe : Part IT. containing the families
Turdidz (Warblers and Thrushes), by Henry
Seebohm, Pp. XVI; 426. Woodcuts and 18
coloured plates. 1881, 8vo. ... 205.

Vol. VI. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Ciclomorphe: Part III. containing the first
portion of the eus Timelidæ (Babling
Thrushes), by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. XIII ;

163. |

t

[August 1, 1891

420. Woodcuts and14 coloured plates 1881
AOS 20S.
Wolk) WIL Passeriformes or | Perching Birds
Ciclomorphe : Part IV. containing the conclu-
ding portion of the family Timelidæ, by R.
Bowdler Sharpe Pp. XVI ; 598. Woodcuts and
15 coloured plates, 1883, 8vo. 26s.
Vol. VIII. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Cichlomorphe ; Part V. containing the families
Paridæ and Laniidæ (Titmice and Shrikes) and
Certhiomorphe (Creepers and Nuthatches), by
Hans Gadow, Pp. XIII, 386 Woodcuts and
g coloured plates. 1883, 8vo. 2 17S:
Vol. IX. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Cynnirimorphe, containing the families Nec-
tariniidæ and Meliphagidæ (Sun birds and
. Honey eaters), by Hans Gadow. Pp. XII, 310.
Woodcuts and 7 col. plates. 1884, 8vo. 14s.
Vol. X. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Lringilliformes ; Part I, containing the fami-
lies Dicaeide, Hirundinidæ, Ampelidæ Mnio-
tiltidæ, and Motacillidæ, by R. Bowdler Sharpe,
Pp. IT 632" Woodcuts and 12 coloured
plates, 1885, 8vo : : 2125)
Vol. XI. Passeriformes or © Perching Birds.
Fringilliformes: Part IT, containing the families
Coerebidæ, Tanagridæ and Icteridæ by Philip
Lutley Sclater, Pp. XVII; 431. Woodcuts
and 18 coloured plates, 1886, 8vo. 20S.
Vol. XII. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Frinigilliformes; Part III; containing the
family Fringillide, by R. Bowdler Sharpe Pp.
XV, 871, Woodcuts and 16 coloured plates,
1888, 8vo. 28s.
Viol enn: Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Sturniformes containing the families Artamidæ.
Sturnidæ, Ploceidæ, and Alaudidæ. Also
the families Atrichiide and Menuridæ,
by R. Bowdler Sharpe, Pp. XVI; 701 Wood-
cuts and 15 coloured plates, 1890. 8vo. ... 28s.
Vol. XIV. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Oligomyode or the families Tyrannidæ, Oxyram-
phidæ, Pipridæ, Cotingide, , Phytotomidæ,
Philepittidæ, Pittidæ, Xenicidæ, and Eurylae-
midæ, by Philip Lutley Sclater, Pp. XIX,
424Woodcuts, and 26 coloured plates. 1888,
GVOMES Me! 24S.
Vol. XV. Passiformes, or Perching Birds.
Tracheophonæ : or the families of Deudroco-
laptidæ, Formicariidæ, Conopophagidæ, and
Pteroptochidæ, by Philip Lutley Sclater. Pp.
XVII. ; 371. Woodcuts and 20 coloured
plates. 1890, 8vo 20S.
Vol. XVIII. Picariæ Scansores containing the
family of Picidæ, by Edward Hargitt. Pp.
XV. b27" Woodcuts and 15 coloured plates,
1890, OVO si tate de 26s.
Vol. XIX. Picariæ, Scansores and Coceyges,
containing the families Ramphastidz Gal-
bulidae and Bucconidæ, by Fhilip Lutley
Sclater and the families Indicatoridæ, Capi-
tonidæ, Cuculidæ, and Musophagidæ, by G.E.
Shelley. 484 pages. Woodcuts and 13 coloured
plates, 1891, 8vo sr 25S.
Catalogue of the Tortoises, “Crocodiles and
Amphisbeenians i in the Collection of the British

August 1, 1891] THE

HUMMING BIRD. 59

The Hemming Bird,

The Plaintain or Banana Plant.

By A. BOUCARD.
PE LUS EI ES

The Plantain or Banana plant belongs to the family
of the Musaceæ. It is found in all tropical coun-
tries, and there are many species known, and
probably more will be discovered in Central Africa,
New Guinea and adjacent Islands.

These plants have scarcely any aerial stem but
have shoots from subterraneous root stocks from which
emerge stems composed of sheathing leaf-stalks. The
leaves are flat and traversed throughout by a thick
median rib with simple veins running directly towards
it from the margin. ‘The general aspect of the plant
is somewhat like a Palm-tree.

The Genus Musa is the type of the family.

The largest species is known under the name of
Musa sapientum. It has a fruit, which sometimes
grows to the length of 12 inches. Each plant pro-
duces a bunch containing from twenty to fifty fruits,
closely grouped together. It weighs from 25 to 50
pounds and sometimes more. In Central and South
America, natives have no other food. They eat them
green or ripe; green they boil them and are a good
substitute for bread, being very farinaceous. When
half ripe they roast them and make a delicious entre-
mets. Ripe they are exquisite raw and also made
into sweetmeats.

During my sojourn in Mexico and Central America,
I have eaten these fruits raw and cooked in many
ways, and I have always found them nice and whole-
some. In fact, I have never got tired of them although
sometimes taken in excess. I really don’t know how
the lazy natives of the tropical countries would live
without them. ‘The plant bears flowers and fruit only
once ; but it constantly reproduces new shoots from
the subterraneous root stocks, so that once planted,
they require very little care to keep in order and are
always increasing in number. A few hundred plants
are quite sufficient to sustain a whole family. It bears
flowers and fruit all the year. In a medium size planta-
_ tion, there are always plants with flowers and bunches
of fruits in all stages of development.

Another very common species is Musa paradistaica,
so called from an allusion to an old notion of being
the forbidden fruit of Scripture.

The fruits of this species are rather small, only
about 3 inches long. They are always eaten ripe,
fried or preserved.

In Central aud South America they grow also some
other species ; such as the Guinea Plantain, probably
imported from Africa. Itis a small species, delicious
to eat crude, when quite ripe.

Each bunch contains from 100 to 200 fruits.

The Manilla plantain, probably Musa textilis from
Manilla (Philippines), is also another species largely
cultivated.

The fruit is internally of arosy colour, in size it
stands between the fruit of Musa paradisiaica and
Musa sapientium. tis eaten crude, boiled, fried or
in preserves. All sorts of animals and especially
insects, such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, are very
fond of the ripe fruits, fresh or rotten. Many times I
have caught fine species of butterflies and beetles
when feeding on them.

Since a few years a large trade of plantain
fruits is going on between Mexico, Central and South
America and the United States, where these fruits are
in great demand, and all shipments are immediately
sold at about half-penny a piece wholesale. Some
are also sent to Europe ; but as far as I can make it
out, they are cut too green and they don’t ripe well.
They are not to be compared with the fruits eaten
in their growing places. Besides they are rather ex-
pensive ; but I have not the least doubt that before
long, they will find way to forward some to
Europe, so, as to arrive in fine condition, and sold at
a moderate price, and a great trade of that fruit will be
established between Europe and the tropical countries
of the World.

An intoxicating liquor is made with the fruit. It is
rather pleasant and has a very distinct taste of all the
liquors we know.

Very likely, a very good sugar could also be made
with it.

The leaves are employed by the natives for the
thatch of their houses.

Besides a tough fibre, capable of being made into
thread is extracted from the stems, and lately it has
been discovered that a very good printing paper of
the finest quality, can be made from them, at a very
cheap rate.

The supply of this new material being illimited,
very likely it will affect greatly the price of the paper.

Therefore we have here a plant of the greatest
utility easy to grow, whose products will sell more
and more every day, and I can predict to those who
will undertake the cultivation of that plant that they
are sure to reap a good and profitable harvest.

A.B.

A Visit to the British Museum.
Natural History Department.

a —

Continued from page 55.

THE CENTRAL HALL.

In the centre of the entrance hall is placed the
skeleton of one of the most colossal of animals, the
Cachalot or Sperm-whale (Physeter macrocephalus) pre-
pared from an animal cast ashore near Thurso, on
the north of Scotland, in July, 1863, on the estate of
Capt D. Macdonald, by whom it was presented to the
Museum. It measures fifty feet in length.

One group, in a case, placed at present near the

60 _ THE HUMMING BIRD.

entrance to the hall, shows to which a species may
become subject, under the influence of domestication,
as illustrated by choice examples of the best marked
breeds of pigeons, all of which are derived from the
wild Rock dove (Columbia livia).

One case contains a series of specimens illustrating
albinism. Another shows examples of the opposite
condition, called melanism. The bays or alcoves round
the hall, five on each side, are devoted to the intro-
ductory or elementary morphological collection, design-
ed to teach the most important points in the structure
of the principal types of animal and plant life.

This collection is only in itsinfancy but when com-
pleted, it is hoped that it may ultimately serve as a
guide for the formation of educational biological
museums elsewhere.

The bays on the west side (left hand on entering
the hall) are devoted to the Vertebrated Animals. In
Nos. 1 and 2 are shown the characters of the Mam-
malian modifications of this type. The wall-cases of
No. 1 are already filled with specimens showing the
bony framework of Mammals.

The central case of Bay 1 contains a collection
illustrating the principal characters of the teeth in
Mammalia. Bay No. 2 contains in its first wall-case
illustrations of the outer covering or integument and
its modifications in the class of Mammals.

Bay No. 3 is devoted to the class of Birds.

Bays Nos. 4 and 5, show the most important points
in the structure of Reptiles and Fishes.

Bays Nos. 6 and 7 will contain illustrations of the
articulated classes Cruitacea, Arachnida, Myriopoda,
Insecta, Annulosa, Vermes, Mollusca, Echinodermata,
Cælenterata, Porifera, Protozoa.

Bays Nos. 8, 9 and 10 will be devoted for the
morphology of the vegetable kingdom, the first con-
taining the Cryptogams, the next the Gymnosperms
and the Monocotyledons, and the last the Dycotyle-
dons.

This Introductory or Elementary Morphological
Collection, which is intended to be an introduction to
all the others, is under the immediate supervision of
the Director, Professor W. H. Flower.

GALLERY OF BRITISH ZOOLOGY.

At the north end of the Central Hall, on either
side of the staircase, is a large room containing a
collection of animals of all classes, which are or have
been found in the British Isles.

It is excessively interesting and contains very rare
and valuable species, amongst which I have already
mentioned one specimen of the excessively rare, ex-
tinct species of Bird, the Great Auk (A/ca impennis).

Many are the species of Mammals, Birds, Rep-
tiles, Fishes, Mollusca, etc., exhibited in this room.
They are also two cabinets containing a very val-
uable collection of British Butterflies and Moths,
with their larvæ, all of them prepared by Lord
Walsingham and presented to the Museum by him
in 1887.

This Gallery is one of the great attractions of
the Museum. It is greatly appreciated by the

[August 1, 1891.

Visitors, which clearly shows that the exhibit of local
Collections ought to be the beginning of all public
Museums. à

BIRD GALLERY.

On the ground floor (left hand side), of the Cen-
tral Hall is the long gallery, extending the entire
length of the front of that wing of the building,
where is exhibited the collection of stuffed birds.

The wall-cases contain mounted specimens of the
principal species, arranged in systematic order, be-
ginning with the Birds of prey and ending with the
Penguins.

The various types of the birds of prey are wel
represented, from the Condor to the Dwarf Falcon
which is not much larger than a sparrow.

Among the rarest species, I have remarked two
specimens of the Californian Vulture, one specimen
of Sarcoramphus æquatorialis (the type of the species)
which I believe to be a young of the Condor or
Great Vulture of the Andes ; two poor specimens of
the rare Secretary bird from South Africa.

Thrasaetus harpya (2), Morphnus guianensis (1),
Gypaetus barbatus (1), Hierofalco candicans (6),
Hierofalco gyrfalco (1), Syrnium lapponicum (2), one
perfectly white specimen of Nictea nivea, or Snow
Owl and many others.

Case 18 contains the collection of the splendid
Paradise birds; but it is not so good as it ought
to be, and being placed in the lower part of Case
it shows poorly.

In Case 28 are two specimens of the rare Bor,
nean Crow (Lfityriasis gymnocephalus); but they
are poor specimens.

In Case 29, I was astonished not to see the splen-
did bird Calyptomena whiteheadi, lately discovered
in Borneo, by Mr. Whitehead. ’

Cases 31 and 32 contain the collection of Hum-
ming birds ; but they are so high that they can scar-
cely be seen, which is a great pity, these birds,
being great favourites with the public.

In Case 32 is one specimen of the rare Bee
Eater (Merops Breweri).

Case 35 contains a fine series of species of King
Fishers, among which, I noticed two specimens of
Caridonax fulgidus.

In Case 40 are found the following rare species
of Parrots, Ara rubrigenys from Bolivia, Ara glauca,
Conurus solstitialis, Psittacus pachyrhynchus, etc., etc.

At the end of the same side of the gallery are
placed skeletons of the Dodo and Solitaire, supposed
to be gigantic pigeons, with wings too small for
flight, cause of their total extermination by the in-
habitants of the islands of Mauritius and Rodriguez,
in whose islands these birds did thrive.

In the Pavillon, at the further end of the Gallery,
are placed the birds known actually as Aa/ite, in-
cluding the Ostriches, Emus, Cassowaries, and
Apteryx.

The series of these birds is very fine and very
valuable.

August 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD.

61

The cases on the right hand side of the gallery
are occupied by the birds allied to the common
Fowl, known as Gallinacæ, Perdicidæ, Colum-
bide, etc., and by the wading and swimming
birds ; among them some rare species of Pheasants,
Crossoptilon thibetanum, and mantchuricum, Lobio-
phasis bulweri, a very fine male, presented by His
Excell. F. F. Usher, Governor of Labuan, Meleagris
gallo pavo, fera, and ocellata, Leiopoa ocellata (2),
Notiornis mantelli, Balæniceps rex (2), Chauna
chavaria, Bustards, Flamingoes with their nest, the
Emperor Pingouin, a very rare bird, and lastly the
second specimen of the GREAT AUK.

In the middle of the gallery, opposite the cases
containing the collection of Pheasants, is one con-
taining two magnificent specimens of the very rare
Pheasant discovered a few years ago by Captain
Reinhardt, Governor of Tonkin. The female
exhibited is the only known specimen of this
extraordinary bird..

Many other cases placed in this gallery and in
the spaces between the wall-cases contain isolated
groups of particular interest, among which are those
showing the nesting habits of the best known British
birds. The great interest of these groups consists
in their absolute truthfulness. When it has been
possible, the actual rocks, trees or grass have been
preserved, and when these were of a perishable
nature they were accurately modelled from nature.
The stuffing of the birds is very good, quite artistic
and natural, and can serve as example to all
Museums.

On the whole, the collection of Birds is very fine,
and it is a pity that the Guide of the Bird Gallery
is not printed yet. It is to be hoped that the
the authorities of the British Museum will give special
instructions for its speedy publication.

To be continued.

Inauguration of the Statue of Pierre Belon,
the Naturalist.

At Cerans-Foulletourte, near Mans, Sarthe (France),
on the 14th June last, was inaugured the statue of the
Naturalist verve Belon, born in that small town
in 1517.

Pierre Belon is the author of L’HISTOIRE DE LA
NATURE DES OISEAUX, in seven volumes.

The first treats of the anatomy and physiology of
birds, the second of the Birds of prey, the third of the
Swimming birds, the fourth of the Snipes and allied
species, the fifth of the Gallinacæ, the sixth of the
Crows and allied species, and the last of the Songsters.

|

One of the chapters of the first volume is remark-
able, that of the Osteology of Birds compared to that
of Man.

Pierre Belon figures in opposition one to another,
one skeleton of Man to one of Bird, and shows how
the bones of both correspond exactly and so well,
that they can be designed in the two figures by the
same letters, as the angles of similar figures in
Geometry. He shows in detail the existing analogy
between! the wing of Bird, the arm of Man, and the.
anterior limb of Mammal.

Nearly the same bones are found in the wings of
Birds as in the arms of Men or legs of Mammals,
the hand being represented in birds by the six small
bones, osselets, which form the end of the wing.

There is no doubt whatever that Pierre Belon, the
ancestor of Buffon, Linné, Lacépéde, Cuvier, Geoffroy
St. Hilaire, and many other celebrated Naturalists of
the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, was a man
of genius and is the father of the principles of
Classification in Ornithology, and I don’t see why the
modern scientists ignore him completely.

Pierre Belon at first studied Botany, then Medicine.
In 1540, he travelled in Germany and Bohemia in
company of the celebrated Professor Valerius Cordus.
After that, he visited successively Greece, Turkey,
Lemnos, Thrace, Macedony, Asia Minor, Chio, Samos,
Rhodes, Egypt, Palestine, and Syria.

For that time, it was an extraordinary journey.
When back, he published his observations in a
remarkable work, which contains curious and interest -
ing accounts on geography, customs, flora and
fauna of all the countries visited by him.

Later, when retired at Boulogne, near Paris, and
working at a traduction of Dioscoride and Theophraste,
he was murdered in 1564 in his forty-seventh year.

What a reward for such a meritorious Scientist !!!

After a little over two centuries, the memory of
Pierre Belon has been at last duly honored, and in
1887, a statue of this illustrious man was inaugurated
on the place of the Prefecture at Mans, and now
another at Foulletourte, his native place.

The bronze statue of Pierre Belon, which has just
been inaugurated, is the work of Miss Anais Loriot,
a native also of Foulletourte, who, without study,
and never away from Foulletourte, has produced
a work, that masters would not hesitate to sign.

Pierre Belon is represented ina Henry III. costume,
cap, doublet and breeches. He has a fine beard
and looks more like a Nobleman than a Scientist.

On the socket are engraved these words:

A PIERRE BELON

MEDECIN, VOYAGEUR NATURALISTE
NE EN 1517 AU HAMEAU DE LA SOULTIERE
CÉRANS-FOULLETOURTE.

62 THE HUMMING BIRD.

A Giant Land Crab.

In wandering over Kneeling Island the naturalist’s
attention was immediately attracted by a giant land
crab, Birgos, which lived here, feeding upon cocoa-
nuts. The crab is, in reality, a close ally of the her-
mit variety, having, instead of a shell, an abdomen
protected by an armour. That such a creature can
open a cocoanut, which man finds difficult, even with
a hatchet, seems incredible, yet it is a very simple
matter for the big crustacean. It begins by tearing
away the husk, bit by bit, fibre by fibre, and, what is

.remarkable, always at the end bearing the two eye-
holes. When the husk has been removed, the crab
hammers away at the holes with its large claw until
an opening is made. But then, one may ask, how
can it obtain the meat? The crab solves this by
turning around and inserting its long, slender, fifth
claw into the orifice, which, being armed with pincers,
takes out the meat bit by bit. “I think,” says Dar-
win, ‘‘this is as curious a case of instinct as ever I
heard of, and likewise of adaptation in structure
between two objects apparently so remote from each
other in the scheme of nature as a crab and a cocoa-
nut tree. The Birgos is diurnal in its habits ; but
every night it is said to pay a visit to the sea, no
doubt for the purpose of moistening its branchiæ.
The young are likewise hatched, and live for some
time, on the coast. These crabs inhabit deep bur-
rows, which they hollow out beneath the roots of
trees, and where they accumulate surprising quanti-
ties of the picked fibres of the cocoa-nut husk, on
which they rest asin bed. The Malays sometimes
take advantage of this, and collect the fibrous mass
to use as junk. It has been stated by some authors
that the Birgos crawls up the cocoa-nut trees for the
purpose of stealing the nuts; [very much doubt the
possibility of this. I was told by Mr. Liesk that on
these islands the Birgos lives on the nuts which
have fallen to the ground. To show the wonderful
strength of the front pair of pincers, I: may
mention that Captain Moresby confined one in
a strong tin box, which had held biscuits, the lid
being secured with wire; but the crab turned down
the edges and escaped. In turning down the edges
it actually punched many small holes quite through
the tin!”

À

THE NATURALISTS AGENCY,

225, HicH HoLBorN, Lonpon, W.C.

Has just received several specimens of these Gigantic
Land Crabs, from Japan, as also many other species of
Crustacea, including Lobsters, Crabs, Shrimps, etc.

Also Reptiles, Echinoderms, Sponges, Corals, Marine, Fluvia-
tile and Land Shells, 300 species, Insects, Colcoptera, Lepidop-
teva, Butterflies and Moths, Orfhoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera,
Neuvoplera, Hemipteva, several thousand species, and a fine
Collection of Bird Skins, the whole suitable for public or
private Museums.

[August x, 1891

An Easy Way of making One Hundred
Pounds’ Sterling a Year in Collecting
Specimens of Natural History at Leisure

Time.
Continued from pages 7, 15, 23, 32, 56.
ÉTAT
FOSSILS.

All petrified objects found in the water or in the
earth as Rocks, Shells, Bones, Plants, Animals, etc.,
are fossils.

They have value when they are beautiful specimens
and very complete.

Pack them with paper or soft substance in small
boxes.

BRIGHT INSECTS AND SHELLS.

Jewellers, Plumassiers, Florists, Mcdists and other
manufacturers make a great use of them.

They must be collected by hundreds and thousands.

Women and children can be very useful for that
purpose.

Put them to dry in the sun and pack them by
species, in boxes, in which you pour benzine, and paste
strips of paper all over.

The more you collect, the better; because it is
easier to sell when you have a large quantity of
each species ; but take care that they are bright and
pretty species. Dull specimens:are of no value.

FEATHERS AND BIRD SKINS FOR
INDUSTIAL PURPOSES.

Since twenty years a very large trade has been done
with all kinds of feathers and bird skins for industrial
purposes. Foremost of all are the Ostrich feathers.
They are sent chiefly from South Africa, where
extensive breeding farms of these birds have been
established during the last twenty years.

In last sale, June 5th, 2,140 cases Cape and 6 cases
Egyptian were sold and realized the handsome sum
of £102,000.

During the last ten years they have tried the farm-
ing of Ostriches in Algeria, but for one cause or
another, they have not succeeded :

All the young die, but I don’t see why a better
result could not be obtained. I think it ought to
succeed, if an enterprising and competent Naturalist
should under take the task, after one or two years of
aprenticeship, on South African farms.

A small quantity of Ostrich feathers is also sent
yearly from Senegal and other parts of West Africa.
This trade is in the hands of Arabs, who gather them
in the interior of Africa, where these birds are found
wild.

Although these feathers plucked from wild birds
are stronger and nearly as fine as these sent from S.
Africa, they are not so much in demand and they sell
at a lower price.

Next to the Ostrich, Osprey feathers fetch a good
price, and the sale is illimited for the best qualities.

There are three varieties of Osprey feathers known
in the trade, as Short, Middle and Long Osprey.

The medium price varies between 12 and 60/- per
ounce. What is known as Short Selected is about 6
inches long with curved tip. They are the feathers of

August 1, 1891]

Herodias garzetta found all over the world. Middle
Osprey is slightly longer with straight tip.

Long Osprey is about 15 inches long, straight at
tip. They are taken from //erodias egretta, found
chiefly in South America.

It is important to kill the birds during spring ;
because in summer, the tips of the feathers are
worn and of much less value.

To this day no attempt has been madeto domesticate
these birds, as it is done with Ostriches, Pheasants, and
many other species of birds, and I am convinced that
a serious attempt in that direction would prove very
beneficial to the inovator.

Besides the Ospreys the feathers of many other
species of Herons such as : Bubulcus Ibis, Ardea cinerea
and cocot, Florida cerulea, Plotus anhinga, etc., etc., are
also employed by Plumassiers ; but the price is much
less, ranging from two to six shillings per ounce.

White and Grey Paddy produces also feathers
which are sometimes in great demand and fetch a
good price. Vulture, Emeus, Rhea or American
Ostrich, Peacock, Turkey and other feathers are also
useful, especially for the Plumassiers and feather
dusters trades. They fetch more or less according to
the demand.

Then a very large number of species of Birds are
also wanted. Foremost of all, the well-known Birds
of Paradise and the Long Tail Trogan.

All of them fetch a price which will repay the trouble
of the collector. After these, the species most in
demand are the Chatterer, Cock of Rock. blue Macaw
and several other species wanted by the Plumassiers
and Fishing Tackle Makers.

Then comes at last the immense variety of small
birds ;such as Tanagers, Blue Creepers, King Fishers,
Sea - Swallows, Merles, Starlings, Jays, Waxwings,
Humming birds of all descriptions, etc., etc.

The large species of Birds such as Herons, Flamin-
goes, Pelicans, etc., can be sent in flat skins, the others
must be sent in good round skins as if they were for
scientific collections, and the better the skins wili be
prepared, the better they will sell.

Lately very large consignments have been sent
from N. Africa, India, Japan and S. America, and the
prices have somewhat fallen ; but it is probable that
a rise will soon take place.

GENERAL REMARKS.

All descriptions of Natural History Collections
may be easily sold if they are well collected and
arrive ina perfect state of preservation.

They must be sent home frequently and in small
portions ; for the following reasons.

1. It is easier to sell small than large collections.

2. If the package or preparation has been done
badly, your correspondent can forward immediately
new instructions which will permit to make the
next sending with more success.

It will be very good when collecting to be in relation
with a naturalist for the sale of your collections. I
make the offer to those who will send me collec-
tions well preserved, to sell them on their account or
buy them at the prices which I have indicated.

To collect Reptiles, Fish, Insects, and Shells, it is
necessary to buy the following utensils.

THE HUMMING BIRD. 63

Benzine, tin boxes for Insects, several bottles, glass
tubes or phials, digger, butterfly and other nets,
umbrella for collecting Insects, Cork, Pins for Insects,
Pill boxes of several sizes, Boucard’s Insecticide, flax,
cotton, and nippers.

Collect especially Reptiles, Fish, Shells, and among
Insects, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera.

Twenty-five specimens of each species of Reptiles,
Fish, Crustaceæ, and Arachnides are sufficient.

Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, and Shells fifty specimens
of each, and thirty of other Insects.

One thousand seeds of palm trees of each species,
and two or three pounds of seeds of all trees, bushes
and plants of the country.

Large beetles are not to be pinned ; wrap them
separately in paper, and dry them in the sun, eight
or ten days are sufficient. Then pack them in a box
with saw dust, or any soft substance.

Very large species of marine Shells, Reptiles,
Fossils, etc., will be sent, only if ordered, to avoid
the cost of transport, which in many cases would
be more than the value of the object.

One specimen of each species of all the animals
collected should have a number attached to it,
corresponding to one in a list in which you wil
indicate exactly the country where found, the month
and the year when collected, the local name, the
habits and other particulars of interest.

This list wlll be sent in the same box as the
objects.

When you change your residence, change your
collecting bottles, in order to send in each only
those animals which have been collected in the
same place.

Reptiles are abundant in spring and summer; the
best season for Insects and Shells is the rainy one ;
the more it rains, the more Insects and Shells you
will find.

Mammals and birds are found abundantly in
spring and summer.

Both sexes and youngs of each species must be
collected.

Humming-bird and other curious shaped form
Nests should also be collected ; as well as eggs of
all the species.

Small Mammals; such as
Shrew-Mouses, etc., should be
also in spirit.

Particular genera of birds not found in Europe
should also be sent in spirit. Make an incision in

Bats, Rats, Moles,
sent skinned, and

| the middle of the belly to allow the spirit to get in.

Now I will conclude with a few words of warning.
If you have no taste for (Vatural Alistory, don’t
attempt to make collections. Before all,if you do,
select a well-known Naturalist as Correspondent,
otherwise you will not know what to send and the
result will be probably a failure.

In all countries, there are objects of Natural
History of value or of scientific interest ; but it is
only the experienced Naturalists who can make
out for you, the list of the species wanted,
otherwise to acquire experience it will take many
years and will cost money.

A. BoucaRD,

64

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[August 1, 1891

Se nn Gn ne ER LL Ce Se EE ON

Royal Aquarium.

On Wednesday the 8th day of July, was held an
Extraordinary General Meeting of the Society, in the
Theatre of the Royal Aquarium.

This meeting was convened at the requisition of
welve Shareholders, holding over 5000 Shares.

ist. To consider the present position and manage-
nent of the Society, its business and affairs.

2nd. To increase the number of Directors from
four as at present, to seven or such other number
as the Meeting may determine, and for such purpose
co repeal or alter any previous Resolution of the
Society.

3rd. To elect the additional Directors and to de-
termine in what rotation they shall go out of office.

4th. To call upon Captain Molesworth to resign
ais present position of Director, and in the event of
his so resigning to fill up the vacancy to be thereby
created.

5th. To do all such other acts and to pass such
Resolutions as may be necessary or expedient to
give effect to all orany of the foregoing Resolutions.

The meeting lasted from 2 to 5. It was rather
stormy ; but eventually Resolutions 2 and 3 were
passed by a great majority. Messrs. Henry S.
Dominy, Chas. Critchett, and Geo. Moss, were
elected Directors. It is to be hoped now, that with
such a board of Directors, the affairs of the Society
will improve in a manner that will enable the Society
to pay a fair dividend to the Shareholders ; but I am
still of the same opinion as before, that it is vital
to the Society to secure a competent Manager if it
can be had. In so doing, the property of the
Society will become a valuable one, and the Board
will secure the approbation and thanks of all the
Shareholders.

| THE EDITOR.

Review of New Scientific Books.
———— #— —
CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM
VoL. XIX. IN 4to, 484 PAGES, LONDON 1891.
Price 25 Shillings.

This interesting volume, on Scansores and Coccyges,
contains the families Ramphastidae, Galbulidae and
Bucconidae, by P. L. Sclater, the families /xdicatoridae,
Capitonidae, Cuculidae and Musophagidae, by G. E.
Shelley. Init, are the descriptions of eleven species
of Indicatoridz, one hundred and eleven species of
Capitonide, fifty-nine of Ramphastide, twenty one
species of Galbulidæ, forty three species of Bucconide,
one hundred and sixty species of Cuculidæ, and
twenty-five species of Musophagide. ‘Twenty-five
species are figured in the thirteen coloured plates,
ending the volume. They are Me/anobuco aequatorialis.
Tricholema, stigmathorax and affine, Barbatula chry-
sopyga and btlneata, heads of Cyanops davisoni, ram-
sayt, and incognita, Capito, versicolor, steerii, richard-
som, salvint, granadensis and bourcieri, full birds of
Pleroglossus didymus, Aulacoramphus erythrognathus,
calorhynchus, whitelyanus, and cyanoloemus, Coccystes
carolt and hypopinarius Centropus, purpureus, heads of
Coccysus dominica, minor, and maynardi.

me mme mn.

CATALOGUE oF THE Fossir, BIRDS IN THE BRITISH
Museum, by Richard Lydekker, 1 Vol. in 4°, 364 pages
75 Wood Cuts, London 1891, Price 10 Shillings.

This remsrkable volume includes the whole of the
extinct birds, known at present (with the exception of
those belonging to the suborders Passeres and Picaride)
from the Tertiaries of Europe, which have received
distinct specific names and have been described or
figured with sufficient exactness to entitle them to rank
as species.

The classification followed is partly that of Prof.
Alfred Newton in his article, Ornithology (Encyclop e-
dia britannica) and also that of Professor Huxley, as
under : —

Orpvo I. CARINATÆ.

Suborder 1. PASSERES, Family Corvidæ.

Suborder Il. PicARIÆ,

Suborder III. Psirract.
Psittacidæ.

Suborder IN. STRIGES. Family Strigidæ.

Suborder NV. AGCCIPITRES, Families Falconidæ,
Serpentariüidæ, Cathartidæ.

Suborder VI. STEGANOPODES, Families Pelecanidæ,
Phalacrocoracidæ, Odontopterygidae.

Suborder NII. HERODIONES, Families Ardeidæ,
Ciconiide Plataleidæ.

Suborder VIII. Opontoctossi,. Family Phœnic-
opteridæ.

Suborder IX. ANSERES, Family Anatidae.

Suborder X. CoLumB#, Families Columbidæ,

Dididæ, Pteroclidæ.

Suborder XI. GALLINÆ,
Megapodide.

Suborder XII. FULICARIDAE, Family Rallidae.

Suborder XIII. ALECTORIDES, Families Gruidae,
Otididae.

Suborder XIV. LIMICOLAE, Family Scolopacidæ.

Suborder XV. Gavia, Families Laridae, Aegial-
ornithidee.

Suborder XVI. TUBINARES, Family Procellariide.

Suborder XVII. PyGoPoDEs, Families Colymbide,
Alcide.

Suborder XVIII. IMPENNES, Family Spheniscidæ.

Suborder X1X ODONTORM&, Family Ichthyornithide.

Suborder XX. ODONTOLC#, Families Enaliornithide,
Hesperornithidæ.

Orvo II. RATITA.

Families Struthionidæ, Aepyornithide, Apterygidæ-
Dinornithidæ, Casuariide, Dromornithidæ, Gastorn,
thidæ.

Families Stringopidæ,

Families Phasianidæ,

Orvo III. SAURURÆ.

Family Archæopterygidæ.

All Ornithologists should posess these two volumes.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF
LONDON, 1891, Part I, 178 pages of text, 14 black
and coloured plates, figuring a new Lizard of the
Genus Ctenoblepharis from Chili, new Bornean Land
Shells, Anatomy of Anodon and Unio, new Butterflies
from tropical South-western Africa, Abramis blicca,
Anatomy of Heloderma, Platycercus erythropeplus,
male and female, Phrygilus coracinus, and a supposed
Jacobson’s Organ in the Crocodilia.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY ok
Lonpbon, Vol. xiii, Parts I. and II.

Part I. contains -—On the Genus Uvo‘Aw and a new

August 1, 1891

Genus Urothoides, by the Rev. Thomas R. R.
Stebbing (Plates I—XV.) On four new Srttish
Amphipoda, by the Rev. Thomas R. R. Stebbing
(Plates V.—VI.).

Part I1.—On the Morphology of a Reptilian bird,
Opisthocomus cristatus, by W. Th. Parker (Plates
VII.—xX.).

Contributions to our knowledge of the Antipatharian
Corals, by F. Jeffrey Bell (Plates XI.—XII.).

MEMOIRES DE LA SOCIETE ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE
POUR L'ANNÉE 1891. Tome IV. rère et 2°™° parties,
208 pages de texte et trois planches noires.

Contents :— Voyage de la goelette Melita aux Cana-
ries et au Sénégal 1889—1890, par Ed. Chevreux
Cl)

Voyage de la goelette Melita aux Canaries el au
Sénégal 1889—1890.

SPONGIAIRES, (PI. II.) par E. Topsent.

Voyage de la goelette Melita aux Canaries et au
Sénégal, 1889—1890.

MOLLUSQUES TESTACES, (PI. III.) par Ph. Dautzen-
berg.

ca le Cerianthus menbranaceus Gmel, par L. Faurot.

Nouveaux faits 2 hybridation observés chez les Batra-
ciens amoures, par Héron-Royer.

Note préliminaire sur les Alcyonnatres provenant des
campagnes du yacht l’Hirondelle, 1886, 1887, 1888,
par Th. Studer.

Revue des derniers systèmes ornithologiques et nouvelle
classification proposée pour les Oiseaux, par Alph. Dubois.

Les Oiseaux hybrides rencontrés a l'état sauvage,
2ème partie : Les Palmipèdes par A. Suchetet.

Sur les Helminthes des Primates anthropoides, x°°
Note, Cestodes par R. Blanchard.

Coltopteres recueillis aux Açores par Mr. J. de Guerne
pendant les campagnes du yacht l Hirondelle (1887—
1888), par Ch. Allaud.

Résultats d'une excursion Zoologique en Algérie, par
R. Blanchard.

PRIMO RESOCONTO DEI RISULTADI DELLA INCHIESTA
ORNITHOLOGICA IN ITALIA. Parte prima, AVIFAUNA
ITALICA, compilato dal Dottore Enrico Hillyer Giglioli,
x vol. in 4°., 671 pages, Firenze 1889.

PRIMO RESOCONTO DEI RESULTADI DELLA INCHIESTA
ORNITHOLOGICA IN ITALIA. Parte seconda, AVIFAUNE
LOCALI, compilato dal Dottore Enrico Hillyer Giglioli,
1 vol. in 4°., 663 pages, Firenze 1890.

PRIMO RESOCONTO DEI RESULTADI DELLA INCHIESTA

‘ ORNITHOLOGICA IN ITALIA. Parte terza ed ultima,
NOTIZIE D INDOLE GENERALE, compilato dal Dottore
Enrico Hillyer Giglioli, 1 vol. in 4°., 518 pages,
Firenze 1891. |

These three volumes contain a very large number
of scientific and valuable information on the Italian
Avifauna. The first volume treats of the systematic
classification of all the species of birds found in Italy
stationary or accidentally, otherwise with all the
vulgar names and observations made by the numerous
contributors who have assisted Dr. Giglioli in doing
the work. !

In Volume II. are stated the results of all the
observations made in each province.

Vol. III. contains valuable informations on the
migration, nidification, alimentation, etc. of a large
quantity of species.

THE HUMMING BIRD. 65

It is quite extraordinary to learn that up to the
present, England and France have not published any
collective work of that kind, and it is to be hoped
that they will soon do so; as it is useless to remind
these countries the importance of such a publica-
tion.

THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST VoL. VII. January
1891.

Contents :—Ædwin Wortham Dorham, (with por-
trait) by F. W. Goding.

Star Tulips, by Carl Purdy.

Easter Island (with Illustrations).

Ancella-bearing Strata of Oregon,
Todd.

A New Raphiomidas, by D. W. Coquillett.

Ice Caves of Washington.

Forest Trees of Oregon, by Prof. Thomas Condon.

- The Day Life of the Desert, by C. R. Orcutt.

Californian Lilies, California Flowers in England,
California Trees and Flowers (Illustrated).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. XXIII.
June, 1891, edited by Rev. C. J. S. Bethune.

Contents :—JVotes on some speciesof Noctuidae described
by Francis Walker, by Prof. John B. Smith.

New Rhopalocera and Heterocera, by B. Neumcegen.

A new Butterfly form Lower California, Pyrgus
pelagica, by A. G. Weeks, jun.

Melanism and Humidity, by T. W. Tutt.

Preparatory stages of Arctia rectilinea, French, by
GHÉPMErENCh:

Two new species of Canadian Pimpline, by Wm.
Hague Harrington.

Nematus pallidiventris, Fall—A fresh importation,
by Rev. Thomas W. Fyles.

Note on Ammophila robusta, by J. M. Aldrich.

A cannibal cricket, by Wm. Brodie.

Note on Amblyopone pallipes, Hald, by W. Hague
Harrington.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF Da-
MAGE BY SOME COMMON INSECTS OF THE FARM,
THE ORCHARD AND THE GARDEN, by James Flet-
cher, Entomologist and Botanist to Dominion Experi-
mental Farms, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa,
Canada.

This pamphlet of 30 pages is of the greatest
interest to Agricultors of all countries ; Part. I. cou
tains very interesting observations on Economic En
tomology, preventive and active remedies ; pumps and
other apparatus necessary for the application of the
remedies.

Part II. contains descriptions of Insects injurious
to grain and forage crops, to fruits, roots and vegeta-
bles and how to destroy them.

THE Kansas City SCIENTIST, official organ of the
Kansas City Academy of Science.

Contents :— Zhe Mushroom and the Arrow, by Gew,
C. Stealey.

The Probable Origin of the Ore Deposits in the
mines of Missouri, by F. C. Meyer.

Scientific value of Fossils, by Edwin Walters.

Drawing in the public schools, by Sid. J. Hare.

Popular Superstitions, by R. B. Trouslot.

The White-Rumped Shrike as a Pet.

Future of the Phonograph.

Governments Expedition to Death Valley.

by Aurelius

66

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[August 1, 1891

THE ANTIGUA OBSERVER, Vol. XLVII. No. 20,
edited by D. W. Scarville, City of Saint John, Anti-
gua, contains the first part of an extract of a very
interesting paper on the Colony of the Leeward
Islands by D. Morris, read at the Royal Colonial Insti-
tute.

21

Report on the Public Sale of the Celebrated
Collection of Shells formed by the late
Sir David W. Barclay and sold by Mr. J. C.
Stevens, on Monday the 6th of July and
the three following days.

RE TER AE

This fine Collection was offered for sale in 1154
Lots, which realized the total sum of £1,050 3s. 6d.

From the beginning, there was a good attendance
and a keen competition for some of the best Lots.

Lot 1, Oliva angulata, porphyria, zodz¢/s, maura,
ponderosa and varieties of tremulina, 11 shells, was
sold for £1 6s. ; Ancillaria obtusa, rubiginosa, cingu-
lata and australis £1 10s. ; two specimens of Pinnaxia
coronata, 228. ; Ranella candisata, 30S. ; two specimens
of Scalaria decussata, 458.; Mitra rosse, 40s.; Mitra
balteolata, regina and subulata, 24s.; Mitra tessellata
and regina, 258.; Mitra adansonti type, 408.; Conus
malaccanus, 428. ; Conus cedo-nullt, 26s. ; Conus granu-
latus and dux, 228. ; Conus aurisiacus and ammiralis,
428.3; Ovulum longirostrum, 55s.; Cyprea bicallosa,
6os. ; Cyprea tessellata and pulchra, 408. ; Conus catl-
laudi, 458.; Conus crosseanus and suturatus, £3 75. 6d.;
Conus trigonus and aculetformis, 20s.; Zsocardia
moltkiana and lamarkiu and Chamestrea albida, 428. ;
Voluta costata, £3; Voluta pretexta, 28s.; Voluta
aulica, 458. ; Voluta gracilis, 40s. ; Strombus thersites,
42 158.; Rostellaria curta, 35s.; Harpa rosea and
crenata, 328.; Harpa imperialis and rosea, 308.; Zso-
cardia moltkiana, vulgaris, Cardium retusum, cardissa
and Myochama anomoides, £4 58. ; Murex clavus, 248. ;
Murex fenestratus and aculeatus, £2 128. 6d.; Murex
rubescens and clavus, 208.; Murex monodon, endivia,
rosarium and stainforthi, 28s.; Helix ugulina, quoyi
and swinhoer, 208.; Helix fulgurata, 16s. ; Helix percyi
and fulgurata var, 30s.; Helix grata, gealei, and
solata, 358. ; Helix crespignyl, conformis and psittacina,
£2 108. ; Cochlostyla turbinoides and sarcinosa, 248. ;
Cochlostyla harfordi, £2 5s.; Helix fuleurata and
robillardi, 308.; Helix cambojensis, 24s.; Bulimus
meobambensis, £5 5s.; Helix ungulina and pyrostoma,
228. ; Marginella mirabilis, £6 108.; Scalaria latifas-
cuta type, cocklear, and raricostala, 45s.; Mitra
terebralis and regina, 28s. ; Mitra nassotdes, type, 37S. ;
Mitra coccinea, 358. ; Mitra bovet, nympha and declivis,
45s. ; Conus crocatus, £5 tos.; Conus zonatus and
legatus, 248. ; Conus aurtstacis, 228. ; Conus dux and
timorensis, £,2 108. ; Conus festivus and architallasus,
458.; Conus malaccanus and splendidulus, 428.; Cyprea
pulchra and reevet, 21s. ; Cypraa umbilicata and exusta,
308.; Cyprea nigropunctata, pulchra and physis,
£1 178. 6d.; Cyprea leucostoma and sulcidentata, 425. ;
Cyprea aurora, 358.; Ostrea nobilis, cerata, and affinis,
types, 268.; Ostrea vitrefacta and barclayana, types,
245.; Spondylus americanus, 218. ; Pecten sanguinolentus
and mirificus, 308.; Nautilus stenomphalus, macrom-
phalas and umbilicatus, 41 73.60. ; Melapiun lineatum

a ———— ————…—…— _… — ——————……—….….… …—….—. —…—_—_…. .…" —_…—…—"— .——

= SS

and Latiaxis mawe, £4 58.; Voluta costata, £2 108. ;
Voluta flavicans and costata, 50S. ; Voluta beaut, 40s.;
Strombus thersites, 40s. ; Trichotropis bicarinatus, 203. ;
Harpa imperialis, 20s. ; Delphinula imperialis, £3 38.3
Delphina tyria and Turbo rubicundus, £1 7s. 6d. ;
Voluta aulica, £6 6s.; Voluta magnifica, 215. ;
Voluta marmorata and sclateri, 28s.; Voluta costata
and nivosa, 45s.; Voluta delessertiana and var and
V. mitreformis, 308.; Voluta pretexta, 22s.; Voluta
papillaris, 18s. ;Voluta mitraetformis and 2 varieties of
V. delessertiana, 508. ; Cassis spinosa, 40s.; Mascaria
crocea (2) and Æybocystis mouhoti, 21s. ; Acroptychia
metableta, 30s. ; Cyclostoma formosa, LA 10s. ; Cyclos-
toma deburghie, 35s.; Cyclostoma formosa, £4;
Cyclostoma deburghie and species, 45s.; Cyclostoma
cuvierianum, pulchellum, deshayesianum, and 2 others,
38s.; Otopoma albicans, Cyclostoma vittatum and
cariniferum, £1 78. 6d.; Marginella pseudo-faba, 248.;
Phorus agglutinans and solaris, 208. ; Mitra compressa,
255.; Mitra rossie, 40s.; Conus crocatus, £4 55. ;
Conus sonatus and pertusus, 248. ; Conus nimbosus and
timorensts, 308. ; Conus timorensis and mitratus, 358. ;
Conus ammiralis and cinctus, £1.78. 6d.; Ovulum
volva, intermedium and rosea, 21s.; Cyprea exusta,
LI 125. 6d.; Cyprea sulcidentata, 228.; Cyprea
aurora, 428.; Cyprea nigropunctata, spadicea and,
esontropia, 248.; Cypreaa physis and leucostoma,
41 178. 6d.; Murex clavus, 35s.; Murex barclayi,
49 10s.; Helix unicolor angulata horrida gealei and
trichotropis, 28s. ; Helix nasuta and regina, £2 55. ;
Helix lampus and regina, £3 78. 6d.; Strombus
laciniatus and Pferoceras pseudo-scorpio, 32s. 6d.;
Harpa imperialis and rosea, 258. ; Voluta aulica, £10;
Voluta sophie, 20s.; Scalaria pretiosa, a fine pair,
358. ; Scalaria raricostata, cocklear (2), borealis (2), and
another, 25s.; Mitra mauritiana, type, 40s. ; Mitra
rossiæ, 408.; Mitra teniata, 28s.; Mitra adansont,
cretacea, type, Deshayesi, type, Lx 7s. 6d.; Conus
“rocatus, £2 158. ; Conus centurio, 218. ; Conus zonatus
and legatus, 408.; Conus granulatus, 358.; Conus
brinceps Var regius and C. legatus, 20s.; Cyprea
mapa, pink base variety, 30s.; Cyprea scott and
umbilicata, 328. 6d.; Cypre@a exusta and tessellata
£1178. 6d.; Cyprea sulcidentata, nigropunctata and
nebulosa, type, i 178. 6d.; Cyprea aurora,
43 175. 6d.; Cyprea citrina adamsont (2), lutea (2)
and modesta (2), 408. ; Cyprea pulchra and reevel, 425.;
Cyprea bregeriana and beckii, Lx 178. 6d.; Conus
crosseanus and splendidulus, 32s. 6d.; Conus thalas-
siarchus Var, granulatus and saturatus, 24s. 6d.;
Aspergillum vaginiferum (2), £1 78. 6d.; Spondylus
pleurispinosus and aurantius, 35s.; Spondylus regtus,
208. ; Sond ylus foliaceus and Chama lazarus, 21S. ;
Pecten mirificus, corallinoides and pes-felis, 25s. ; Dolium
melanostomus, 308.; Latiaxis maure and Melapium
lineatum, L2 58.; Cochlostyla harfordi and Nanina
brooket, 26s.; Ovulum pulchellum, type, and Oniscia
cancellata, 228.; Cardium victor, type, mauritiana (2)
and two others, 4os.; Stvombus taurus, £5 1os.;
Rostellaria luteostoma, type, 258.; Clathurela robil-
lardi, type, and Enchelus al alabastrum, type, 25s.
The total realized by the Shells was £913 18s.
Among the books, Reeve Conchologia Zconica realized

450.

August 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. Vv

Museum, by Dr. J. E. vo Pp. Vili so.
1844, 8vo. nae IS.
— Catalogue of the Chelonians, RAM D halians.
and Crocodiles in the British Museum.
New Edition, by George Alfred Boulanger.
Poe Evene 73 woodcuts and 6 plates, 1880,
SON: 15S.
— Gigantic Land ae ire and extinct) in
the Collection of the British Museum. By
AE CM Gen Gunitheryb pea wlX O05 0515
plates and 2 Charts of the Aldabra group
of Islands, north west of Madagascar (with a
Systematic Synopsis of the Extinct and Living
Gigantic Land Tortoises) 1877, 4to 305.

— Catalogue ofthe Lizards in the British Museum.

Second Edition, by George Albert Boulenger,
Vol. I. Geckonidæ, Eublepharidæ, Uroplatidæ,
Pygopodidæ, Agamidæ. ee XI Az6: 32
plates 1885, 8vo 20S.
Vol. II. Iguanide, UE Zonüridæ, An-
guidæ, Anniellidæ, Helodermatidæ, Varanidæ,
Xantusiide, Teiidæ, Amphisbaenide. Pp.
XIII. 497, 24plates ; 1885, 8vo 20S.
Vol. III. Lacertüdæ, Gerrhosauridæ, Scincidæ,
Anelytropidæ, Dibamidæ, Chamæleontidæ.
Pp. XII. 575. 40 plates, 1887, 8vo. 26s.
Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection
of the British Museum, by Dr. Albert
Gunther. Pp. XVI. 281. 1858, 1r2mo. 4s.

Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Col-
lection of the British Museum, by Dr. Albert
Gunther, Pp. XVI. 160. 12 plates. 1858, 8vo 6s.

Catalogue of the Batrachia, Salientia, s. Ecaudata
in the Collection of the British Museum.
Second edition, by George Albert Boulenger.
Pp. XVI. 503. Woodcuts and 30 plates,
TSS2 1 OVON We ae : 305.

Catalogue of the Batrachia, Gradientia, s. Gra-
dentia, s. Caudata and Batrachia Apoda in the
Collection of the British Museum. Second
Edition, by George Albert Boulenger. Pp.
MERE 127-9), plates, 1882) 18vou. Qs.

Catalogue of me Fishes in the Collection of the
British Museum, by Dr. Albert Gunther.

Volt Squamipinnes, Cirrhitidæ, Triglidæ, to
Xiphudæ. Pp. XXI., 548. 1860. 8vo... 8s. 6d.

Vol. III. Gobiidze, Discoboli to Notacanthi. Pp.
XXV ; 586. Woodcuts, 1861, 8vo ... tos. 6d.

Vol. IV. Acanthopterygi, Pharyngognathi Ana-
canthini. Pp. XXI, 534, 1862. 8vo... 8s. 6d.

Vol. V. Siluridæ, Characinidæ to Stomiatidæ.
Pp. XXII, 455. Woodcuts, 1864, 8vo 8s.

Vol. VI. Salmonidae, Percopsidae to Cyprinodon-
tidae. Pp. XV, 368. Woodcuts, 1866,
SMO erie 7S.

Vol. VII Heterophygi, “Cyprinidae to Halosauri.
dae. Pp. XX, 512. Woodcuts, 1868, 8vo. 8s.

Vol. VIII Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae to Lep-
tocardu, Pp. XXV. 549. 1870 8vo ... 8s. 6d.

— Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca

in the British Museum. Part 1, by John Ed-

ward Gray. Pp. XII, se 121 Woodcuts,

1857, 8vo : 5s.

— Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in
the British Museum, collected by Frederick
Reigne, by Philip P. bares Pp. oval 552
1847, 8VO 8s.

— Catalogue of the specimens de Aceplnraaeios
Crustacea in the collection of the British
Museum by Spence Bate. Pp. IV, 399, 58
plates; 1362) VON 5 258.

‘“ For all the other publications of the British
Museum, apply at Naturalist’s Agency.”

Buffon (Suites à)—Zoologie générale, par M. Isidore
Geoffroy, Saint Hilaire, r vol. in 8vo, avec 1
livraison de planches fijures noires ... LOS.
Ditto ditto coloriées ... 145.

Cetacés, Baleines Dauphins, etc. par M. Cuvier.
DAVOIITNOVOMNETINE livraisons de planches
noires . : 125.
Ditto ditto coloriées 5 as 18s.

Reptiles, Serpents, Lézards, Grenouilles, etc.
par M. Duméril, ro vol. in 8vo et 10 livrai-
sons de planches noires 845.
Ditto ditto coloriées : 1325.

Poissons, par M. A. Duméril, Tome TetIl,en
3 vol. et 2 livr. de planches, fig. noires 24s.
Coloriées ee 30S.

(En cours de publication. )

Introduction à l’entomologie, par M. Lacordaire,

2 vol.,et 2 livraisons,de planches noires 17S.
Ditto ditto coloriées ye : 20S.
— Insectes Coléoptéres (appelé vulgairement.

Genera Lacordaire), par Mess. Lacordaire et
Chapuis, Tome I à XII, complet en 14 vol.

et 13 livraisons de planches noires. 1168.

Ditto ditto coloriées.. $ ; 160s
(Livre indispensable pour un entomologiste. )

— Orthoptères, par M. Serville, 1 vol. et x livr.

deplanches noires on 8s. 6d

Ditto ditto coloriées 12s.

Hémipteres, par Mess. Amyot et Serville, 1 vol.
et 1 livr. planches noires 8s. 6d.
Ditto ditto coloriées ... es 12°

Lépidopteres duirnes, par M. Boisduval, Tome 1
avec 2 livr. planches noires STS, OC
Ditto ditto coloriées A a 17S.

Lépidoptères nocturnes, war Mess. | Boisduval
et Güenée, Tome I avec une livraison de

planches Slome Vila xX) avec, sa livr. de
planches noires 58s.
Ditto ditto coloriées 65s.

Névroptères, par M. Rambur, 1 vol. et 1 livr.
de planches noires 8s. 6d.
Ditto ditto coloriées.. 125.

Hyménoptères, 4 vol. et 4 live, de planches
noires par Mess. de St.Fargeau et Brullé 34s.
Ditto ditto coloriées.. : 45s

Diptères, par M. MA dUre 2 vol. et 2 livr. de.
planches noires : 17S.
Ditto ditto coloriées 28s.

See par MM. Walckenaer et Gervais, 4 vol.

5 livr. de planches noires... 38s.

ihe ditto coloriées ... : 32S.
— Crustacés, par Mr. Milne Edwards 3 vol. et 4
livr. de planches noires 305.

Ditto ditto coloriées ... 405.

vi que

HUMMING PIRD.

[August 1, 1891

Boisduval—Lépidoptères de la Californie, Bruxelles,

TSOON bie, dn SVON)) Ee Huy Ha 4S.

To eae Cea ig generum avium, 1850-1857,

2 vol. OS, : 50s.

— al and Comparative ie of the birds

of Europe and North America, 8vo.. HGS:

Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno eatcciotne

impreso en el idioma Mexicano, por un

Sacerdote devoto de la Madre santissima de

la Luz, etc. Puebla, 1819. 1 Vol., 67 double

pages, one side in Mexican, the other in

Spanish i se 40S.

Candéze— Histoire des métamorphoses de anes.
coléoptères exotiques, Liege, 1861, 1 vol:

8vo, 6 planches noires eS éd.

— Monographie des Elatérides, Liège, 1857-1863,

4 vol. in 8vo, 25 pl. noires . ee 225:

— Elatérides nouveaux (Complément À la mono-

graphie), Brux. 1864, in 8vo, br. 1s. 6d.

Castelnau et Blanchard—Histoire naturelle des In-

sectes, avec une introduction par Brullé, 3 vol.

. in 8vo.. A 40S.

Catalogue des Coléoptères ‘a Europe (extrait du

Généra des Coleoptères d’Europe de Jacquelin

du Val et Fairmaire) vol. in 6 3s. 6d.

Catalogue of Coleopterous Insects in the collection of

the British Museum, with descriptions of new

species.
— Longicornia, Part I. et II., qe Adam White,
2 vol. in 8vo ... de i 8s.
— Cassididæ, par Boheman, 1 vol. in 8vo.. 5S.
— Cucujide, par J.Ed.Gray ,, DM ae IS.
— Cleridæ, par Adam White ,, RM 2S. OGe
— Passalidæ, Buprestidæ, par Smith, 1 vol.
in 8vo.. : IS.

Chenu— Leçons élémentaires | sur l’histoire naturelle,
Conchyologie, Paris, Lette 1 vol. gr. in 8vo,
planches coloriées 20S.

— Manuel de Conchyologie et Paléontologie con-
chyologique contenant la description et la
représentation de près de 5,000 coquilles.
Paris, 1862, 2 vol. in 4to, planches noires et
coloriées : 308.

— Encyclopédie d’ histoire naturelle, ou Traité com-
plet de cette science :—Mammiféres, 5 vol. ;
Oiseaux, 6 vol. ; Reptiles et Poissons, 1 vol. ;
Coléoptères, 3 vol.; Lépidoptères, 2 vol. ;

Crustacés, Mollusques, et Zoophytes, 1 vol. ;

Annelés, 1 vol.; Botanique, 2 vol. ; Mine-

ralogie, Géologie, Races humaines, 1 vol. Le

tout complet .. Bu 1008.
chaque volume séparément ... 3 5S,
Crotch—-Synopsis coleopterum europe et ‘confinium.
London, 1871, in 8vo as shy 2s,

— Check List of the Coleoptera of America, north
of Mexico, Salem, Mass., in 8vo ... 6s.

— Catecismo y Declaracion de la Doctrina Chris-
tiana en lengua Otomi, con un Vocabulario
del mismo idioma, por el R. P. Joaquin Lopez

Vepes, Mexico, 1826. 1 Vol. in 4to, 254
pages .. 6os.
Degland et ont du crepes, 20m" édi-
tion, Paris, 1867 sae nae 24S,

Deyrolle, Henri, Description des Buprestides de la

Malaisie, recueillis par Wallace, 1865, 1 vol.

in 8vo, 4 planches coloriées .. s 12s.
Diagrams of Natural History, edited by A. Boucard.
20 sheets, 18-in. by 24-in, comprising 166
Diagrams of Animals and ’ Plants, life size,
beautifully printed in colours, and 37 Natural
specimens of Woods and Minerals, all neatly
mounted on very stout cardboard, the set
complete, with Manual iM 40s.
(Quite indispensable for a school. ‘a
Duponchel—Catalogue méthodique des Lépidoptères
d’Europe, Fort vol. in 8vo, de 523 pages
broché.. is 6s.

Duponchel et Guénée—Iconographie et histoire natu-
relle des chenilles d’Europe, avec 93 magnifi-
ques planches gravées et coloriées, nouvelle
édition, publiée en 4olivraisons à 1f. Les 2 vol.,
reliés maroquin rouge, tranche dorée. 408.

Entomologist’s Annual 1855-1891, mune chaque
année . ae : 3S.

(En cours de publication. )

Entomologist’s ate Magazine, Nos. 1-86, chaque

numéro me IS.
(En cours de publication. )

Etiquettes pour Insectes, Coquilles, etc. — Grande
feuille 16X20 contenant 1326 étiquettes,
avec le nom de tous les pays explorés par les
voyageurs naturalistes. Chaque feuille est
divisée en cing parties: Europa, Asia, Africa,
America, Australia, etc., et chaque partie est
arrangée par ordre alphabétique. Un espace
blanc a été réservé sur chaque étiquette de
facon a pouvoir y mettre le nom scientifique de
l'espèce, et le nom du collecteur, la feuille... 3d.

(Une grande réduction sera jaite aux personnes
gut commanderont plus de 100 feuilles à la fois.)

Felder—Lepidopterologische Fragmente, Wien, 1859,
in 4to, 11 pl. n. ACER

Felder G. et R., Diagnoses lepidopterologicæ, Wien,

1 vol. in "8vo, 249 pages ‘ IOS.
Gemminger et Harold—Catalogus Coleopterum: —
Vol. 1—Cicindelide,Carabide ... ML DES
Vol. 2—Dytiscidze Gyrinidæ, Hydrophilidæ Sta-
phylinidæ à Scaphiidee, inclus. IIs.

Vol. 3—Histeridz à Lucanidæ, inclus on 7S.

Vol. 4—Scarabæidæ a, a BS Paving GA,
Vol. 5 — Buprestidæ, Elaterids: a Cebrionide,
inclus a4 Qs.
Vol. 6 — Rhypidoceridæ Malacodermidæ à
Cioidæ, inclus na 7S.

Vol. 7—Tenebrionidæ à Oedemeridæ, inclus 145.
Vol. 8—Curculionide .. AU WELSS.
Vol. 9 — Scolytidæ à Cerambycidæ (Prionini,

Cerambycini) 135.
Vol. 1o—Cerambycidee Bruchidæ 12s.
Vol. 1 1—Chrysomelidæ oie 12s.

(Cet ouvrage est tout a fait indespensable pour un
entomologiste. )

Grose Smith and Kirby, Rhopalocera exotica, being
illustrations of new, rare, or unfigured species
of Butterflies, 4 with coloured drawings and
descriptions, 4 folio, Part 1 to 14 inclusive £4,
each, part published at seus

August 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. vii

Godart et Duponchel—Histoire naturelle des Lépi-
doptères, d'Europe, 18 vol. in 8vo, 548 plan-

ches col. : 20
Gurney—Catalogue of Raptorial Birds, Parts I. in
8vo LE 6s,
Harting—The Birds of Middlesex, 8vo ane Qs.

Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, etc.,
Antonio Solis Brusselas, 1741 sae

1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Engravings and
Maps. Pages 1 to g slightly stained... £1o.
Historia General des las Cosas de Nueva Espana, by
Rev. Bernardino de Sahagun, con notas y su-
plementos, por Carlos Maria de Bustamente,
Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in 4to., uncut... £5.
Historia de las Conquistas de Hernando Cortez, por
Francisco Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas

y addiciones, por Carlos Maria de Busta-
mante, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. in 4to, 31 5

by Don

Ibis es Quarterly Journal ‘of Ornithology, cas
part 6s.
En cours de publication. (7 ves recommandé. )

Insecta saundersiana, Part 1-8, 8vo, sewed, each
part HUE LS AE 3s.

Ditto ditto. ‘Part on v2 35.
Jacquelin Du Val et Fairmaire. Genera des Coléop-
teres d'Europe, représentant plus de 1,500
types d’après nature et coloriés avec :le plus
grand soin, 4 vol. cartonnés, 303 pl. col. (mag-
nifique ouvrage) a CAN:
Jekel—Catalogus Curculionidum, 1 vol. in I2mo, 2s.
— Insecta Saundersiana Curculionides, Part I. 154
Bagesuy cee Fe ms ah ce 5S.
— Ditto ditto ditto Part II. 225 isc
Kirby, W. F. — = Emropean Butterflies and Moths,
1 Vol. + folio, 427 pages, 61 coloured plates.
Leon, 1882. i sa 325.
— Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera 1870, 1 vol.
in 8vo. 690 pages … Ar 24S.
Kampuysens Stichtelyke Rymen, by M. Mathieu,
Rotterdam 1688. 1 Vol. in 8vo., 680 Pp. £1.
Lacordaire (Th.)— Monographie des Coléoptères sub-
pentamères Phytophages, 2 vol. gr in 8vo.
Liège, 1848 ... 20S,
— Généra des Coléoptères, ‘Tome LXIL. en 14 vol.

in 8vo. et 13 livr. de planches noires ... £6.

— Coloriées. Ouvrage complet ... 458.
Latreille—Cours d’entomologie, 1 gros vol. in 8vo.
et un atlas de 24 planches 15S.

Manual of Natural History, with many illustrations,
edited by A. Boucard ; second edition, 1 vol.

in 8vo., London, 1876 ae 4s.

Milne DE ere Date de Zoologie, Be édition,
Paris, 1840—1843, 1 vol. in 8vo 16s,

_ He naturelle des Crustacés, Paris, 1837—
1840, 3 vol. in 8vo, avec 42 ee

30S.
— Coloriées Bt : 40S.
— Zoologie, 1 vol. 6s.

Mulsant (E.) — Lettres à Julie sur Yentomologie,
Lyon, 1830, 2 vol. in 8vo. 15 planches
coloriées k 305.
Mulsant (E.)—Essai d’une classification méthodique
des Trochilidés ou Oiseaux Mouches, 1 vol. in

8VO. 98 p. ase a DA Le 2s.

Mulsant et Verreaux.—Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux.
Mouches ou Colibris constituant la famille des
Trochilidés. DRE

Marseuil l’Abeille— Journal d’Entomologie, spéciale
ment consacré aux Coléoptéres, rere Série,
1864—1867, tomes I. à VI ... 75S.
chaque volume séparément ... 15S.
zeme. Série, 1870 : 15S.

— Catalogus Coleopterum Europe, I vol. in 8vo. 2s.

Murray— On the geographical distribution of Mam-
mals, 103 coloured plates and maps, 1 large
vol. in 4to a PROS

Nauman A. Nauman’s Naturgeschichte der Vogel
Deutschlands; 13 vol. in 4°, 391 coloured
plates, a magnificent COPY rare PA

Pouchet—Zoologie classique, 2 vol. in 8vo, 1,300

pages, atlas de 44 planches et 5 grands tableaux

gravés sur acier, figures noires - 208.
Ditto ditto coloriées 25S.
Saunders, E.—Catalogus buprestidarum synonymi-
cus et systematicus. Londres, 1871, vol.
in 8vo.…. : ie 8s.
Sclater et Salvin—Nomenclator Avium neotropi-

calum .. je 16s.
Thomson, T. rennes Nature. Gent in folio, Paris,
1859, pl. noires 40s., coloriées 6os.
— Archives entomologiques ou illustrations d’In-

sectes, nouveaux et rares, grand in 8vo,
2 vol., Paris, 1857-1858, pl. noires, 4os.,
toloriées 60s.

— Essai d'une classification de la famille des Céram-
bycides, grand in 8vo, 412 pages, 3 planches,
Paris, 1860 de 24S.

Thomson, a. — Monographie du genre. Batocera,
grand in folio, 3 pl. noires ... 12S.

— Monographie de la famille des Cicindélides, 1857,
grand in gto, 11 planches noires, 2os.,
coloriées ‘ : 245.

— Monographie de la famille des Monomides, 1860,
grand in 8vo, avec 3 planches coloriées 12s.

— Monographie de la famille des N ilionides, in 8vo,

4pl.n.. . Pe 8s.
—_ Monographie du genre Spheniscus, grand in folio,
2) lets 10S.

Tezcoco en los ultimos tiempos ‘de sus antiguos
Reyes. Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos
de Boturini y redactados por el Lic. Mariano
Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. 16mo, 276
pages ... : 40S.

Various Calendarios Mexicanos, 1830 to 1860, IS.
and 2s. each.

Zoological Report, 8vo, 30s. annually (1864—1891
published) chaque volume à 21s.
(Ouvrage indispensable pour un zoologiste.)

Zoological Society of London, Transactions, of pub-
lished in four parts annually (57 vol. published)
each part un-coloured, 3s., coloured 12S

(Price of each volume sent on application.)

The Naturalists Agency will procure to his
Customers all the Scientific Works published ir
London at publisher’s prices.

Apply at Naturalist’s Agency, 225, High Holborn
London, W.C

vill

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[August 1, 1891

TG ETHNOLGGISTS AND OTHERS.

FOR SALE.
Twenty finely rarved Aviows and 1 Bow from New Guinea
Price 20s.
African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s.

Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very
nicely carved Price 30s. each.
Pagaie from New Guinea, made of palm tree Price 30s.
Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what
appears to be Musicians, two large figures in the centre and
six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is
quite unique, and no Museum in the world possesses anything
like it Price £50.
A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central

America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, ete. from 5s.
4

Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America
from 6d.
Statuettes representing the Indians of Mexico and Guatemala
from 3s.
Hots, Baskets, Mats and various Objects made with paim
leaves and various textile plants, from Central America, Mada-
gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.

Samples of Textile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal
Plants, ete. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.
Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from Is.

etc.

Etc., etc.,

ARTEFICIAL &YEN.

Wholesale Price.

Cornered
Black Coloured Cornered a
per gross per doz.pairs per doz. pairs
No.lto4 6d. 1s. 64. No.4to6 3s.6d. As. 6d.
op ign & Stale 28. 6d. a To OR el. 6s. Od.
» 9 ,, 10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. RATE EC) 6s. Od. 8s: Od.
a et 2 0 MES 100 OMS Ods 9s. Od.
jn TPE EM sp dah EK Wel 10s. Od.
» 13 2s.6d. 10s. 0d. » 12 9s. 0d: 11s. Od.
doz. of pairs

» 14 3s.0d. Is. 6d. » 13 10s. 0d. 12s. Od.
» 15 3s.6d. 2s. 6d. » 14 11s. 0d. 13s. Od.
pe UO MEL Bs, Gale yy ES Tse (Oyel 15s. Od.

0 LTNSS 0 RSS Od. Larger sizes can be made

18 12s.0d. 4s. 0d. to order.

Nr. 1 to 4 are good for humming birds and others up to
the size of Tanagers.

No. 5 to 8 f'anagers to Magpies.

No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls,

No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc.

No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc.

ee]

Priced List of Utensils necessary for
the collecting of Mammals and Birds
Skins, Reptiles, Fishes, Insects, Shells,

&c., &c.
Bicarbolic Acid... quart 2/-
Rectified Benzoline # 2/-
Boucard’s Insecticide lb. = 4/-
Ammonia Mile ae i 4/-

Collecting corked Box. ... from 1/- to 5/- each.

Pocket corked Box, . from 1/-
Corked Box for Museums ty 24/- doz.
Ks » and glazed, splendid make. AGE

Larger sizes can he sunalie |
Botanical bo: from 2/6 to 6/- each.

/ LONDON): Published by A. BOUOARD, at 225, High Holborn, W.O. ;

Pin box, for 12 grosses of different sizes... 1/6
a with tooo pins... Me 3/-
Sea compass, from af ‘to 50/-

Collectting bottles with large opening from 6d.
Boucard’s tin collecting box with two partitions 2/-

Straight Scissors from 2/-
Curved ie Seg 25
Taxidermist knifes SEG
Long Forceps Pie
Small ; LUE
Insects’ Nippers, gap HO
Sieve Mt NPA
Blowpipe for cleaning exes as ps Olle
Digger if es » 2/- & 4/-
Folding ditto ... 6/-

InsectPins, English, French orGermanfrom 1/6 per 1000
Steel Pins for setting butterflies ;, 4/- per 1000
Setting Boards À . 1/-to 3/- each
Butterfly Nets complete . from 1/6 to 6/-

Sweeping and Water Nets eG

Cork in sheets DE En lor2
Magnifying Glasses eT eS tO iat
Hammers TO MOMEE
Napthaline » 4/-perlb
Botanical Grey paper... ,, 6/- ream
Folding Umbrella for collecting Insects TOI

Steel Perforator for making holes ineg Bes of oe
Cutting pliers i PAIE

Flat ai NET
Arsenical Soap A 2/- per lb
Glass Tubes for Small iasecis and shells die ii doz
Pill boxes for ditto ... » 4/- gross.
Flax it » 6d. per lb
Cotton wading per sheet EB NOC
Fishing rods with accessories from ,, 2/-
Dredge for collecting shells, &c. Be Ao]

Taxidermists Case, containing 1 Pair of Scissors
2 Knives, 1 Lime, r Grater, 2 Pliers, 1 Ham-

mer, I pair of Forceps, I Brush, a Gimlets,

etc., complete... x . from 12/- to 40/-
Shell- “empting with handle … EN SEM

All other Utensils for Naturalists can be had ata
short notice, 225, High Holborn, London, W. C.
by ordering at the NATURALISTS AGENCY.

eee — ee

FOR SALE.

One of the most magnificent Collections of Marine,
Fluviatile and Terrestrial Shells formed during the
last forty years.

It contains 9,761 species by 37,686 specimens, all
of them i in the most perfect condition.

Species Specimens.
Marine and Fresh Univalves 5238 21,314
Bivalve, Marine and Freshwater 1850 5,900
Foreign Land Shells 2673 | 9,442
European O59
Rare Shells in glass ‘Cases 80

9,761 37,086

Very nearly all the rare species known are repre.
sented in the Collection and sometimes by several
specimens.

| For further informations and price, apply to Mr.
A. Boucard 225, High Holborn, London, W. C.

and Printed at J.S. LEVIN’S Printing Works, 75, Leadenhall Street, H.0.

August 1, 1891.

———— ae D dc

(SK : The ®

Humming Bird

A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

VOL. 1, NO.9. | September 1, 1891. | PRICE SIXPENCE,

Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ; all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.
All other countries, 6 shillings.

= SL":
x ses <<
TS

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

NE /ADOBPETE BOUCARD,

NATURALIST,
Officier d’Académie, 1878; Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;
Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1865;
de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1880;
Member of the International Jury, Paris, 1889 ; Member of many scientific societies ;

CECARE ELC CLC.) (CEG,

CONTENTS OF No. 9.—SEPTEMBER 1, 1891.

The Pilgrim Locust. | some common insects of the Farm, the Orchard,
A Visit to the British Museum. Natural History | and the Garden.
Department. Water Rent in London.
Recommendations for the Prevention of Damage by | Review of Scientific Books.
| Obituary.

|

{ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.]

ii THE HUMMING BIRD.

[September 1, 1891

FOR SALE.—Shells.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.
LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE SHELLS.

Glandinidæ, 1s. each. Helicidæ, 64. each. Bulimidæ
1s. each. Achatinidæ, 1s. each. Chlindrellidæ, 15. 64.
each. Clausilidæ, 34 each. Ampularidæ, 64. each.
Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclosto-
nidæ, 64. each. Helicinidæ, 32 each. Unio,
Anodonta, and Ostrea, 64. each.

Marine Shells—4/7 the Collection including
Argonyuta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa,
Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra, Conus, Sfrombus,
Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo,
Venus, Cardium, &c., 6d. each.

Can be divided if required.

All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office.

FOR SALE.

One of the most magnificent Collections of Marine,
Fluviatile and Terrestrial Shells formed during the
last forty years.

It contains 9,761 species by 37,686 specimens, all
of them in the most perfect condition.

Species Specimens.
Marine and Fresh Univalves 5238 21,314
Bivalve, Marine and Freshwater 1850 5,900
Foreign Land Shells 2673 0,442
European | 950
Rare Shells in glass ‘Cases 80

9,761 37,686

Very nearly all the rare species known are repre-
sented in the Collection and sometimes by several
specimens.

For further informations and price, apply to Mr.
A. Boucard 225, ie Holborn, London, W. C.

TO ETHNOLOGISTS AND OTHERS.

FOR SALE.
Twenty finely carved Ar:ows and 1 Bow from New Guinea
Price 20s.
African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s.

Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very
nicely carved Price 30s. each.

Pagaie from New Guinea, made of palm tree Price 30s.

Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what
appears to be Musicians, two large figures i in the centre and
six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is
quite unique, and no Museum in the world possesses anything
like it Price £50.

A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central
America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, etc. from 5s.

Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America
from 6d.
Statuettes representing the Indians of Mexico and Guatemala
from 3s.
Hats, Baskets, Mats and various Objects made with palm
leaves and various textile plants, from Central America, Mada-
gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.
Samples of Tewtile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal
Plants, etc. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.
Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from ls.
Etc., etc., etc.

| Steel Pins for setting butterflies

Priced List of Utensils necessary for
the collecting of Mammals and Birds

Skins, Reptiles, Mikes Insects, Shells.
Bicarbolic Acid.. i quart 2/-
Rectified Benzoline _... a 2/-
Boucard’s Insecticide ... one Ib. 4/-
Ammonia He De an 4/-

Collecting corked Box. ... from 7 to 5/- each.

Pocket corked Box, . from 1/-
Corked Box for Museums : ie 24/- doz.
4 » and glazed, splendid make. 36/- »

Larger sizes can be supplied.
Botanical box from gl to 6/- each.
Pin box, for 12 grosses of different sizes. 1/6
+ with 1000 pins. 5 3/-
Sea compass, 1 0 fon 2J- ‘to 50/-
Collectting bottles with large opening from 6d.
Boucard’s tin collecting box with two partitions 2/-

‘Straight Scissors from 2/-
Curved) sian te ne Pe es DOBIE
Taxidermist knifes. Ne M Naa
Long Forceps oe ss So (Log mR
SAN : Bes Be fie TE
Insects’ Nippers, aa 4 HS
Sieve 1 CAN MATE
Blowpipe for cleaning exes Exe Bese ieee
Digger Ba jai NT ET E
Folding ditto ... 6/-

Insect Pins, English, French orGermanfrom1/6 per 1000
,, 4/- per 1000

. 1/- to 3/- each
... from 1/6 to 6/-

Setting Boards
Butterfly Nets complete

Sweeping and Water Nets 2/0

Cork in sheets » 3/- doz.
Magnifying Glasses ad MON TE
Hammers 5 DT/ONONSIE
Napthaline na OS 4 Der
Botanical Grey. paper... » 6/- ream
Folding Umbrella for collecting Insects ,, 10/-

Steel Perforator for ics holes in 1 eBES SU TAE
Cutting pliers ME
Flat Bt SE

Arsenical Soap 2/- per Ib
Glass Tubes for small Insects and shells ,, 1/- doz.
Pill boxes for ditto ... Ne ser MN AÏ-NOTOSS:
Flax Me ys AMG APE
Cotton wading per sheet ... HAE OG
Fishing rods with accessories from ,, 2/-

Dredge for collecting shells, &c. .... ,, 4o/-
Taxidermists Case, containing 1 Pair of Scissors

2 Knives, 1 Lime, 1 Grater, 2 Pliers, 1 Ham-

mer, 1 pair of Forceps, 1 nu 3 Gimlets,

etc., complete . from 12/- to 40/-
Shell- -empting with handle . ana 1/-

All other Utensils for Naturalists can be had ata
short notice, 225, High Holborn, London, W. C.
by ordering at the NaTURALIST’s AGENCY.

STANDS, NEW STYLE.
Wholesale Price.

No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per hundred
» 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s. 5
» 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. 5
.» 4 ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small
Hawks at 32s. Ke
» 5 ,, Small Hawks to Large Hawks
and Owls at 40s. 5

September 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. iil

ARTIFICIAL KEYES
Wholesale Price.

Black Coloured

per gross

Cornered
& Veined
per doz. pairs

Cornered

per doz. pairs

No.lto4 6d. 1s. 6d. No.4to6 3s. 6d. As. 6d.
si opts felels Qs. 6d. 5) Thon fh RB O EL 6s. Od.
» 9 ,, 10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. 3 NERO) 6s. Od 8s- Od
sf 28.0d. 5s. 6d. UT) à 7 9s. Od
IPS EE Ode NS 20 > 10s. Od.
» 13 2s.6d. 10s. 0d. DID SA 0e 11s. Od.

doz. of pairs
oy ab Bs, 0d Leh Gale op al8} AMES, Oe 12s. Od.
eos Od 26e op NEE alas al 13s. Od.
LOS 0d 25764 mee osama 15s. 0d.
lve NSS 0035-00 Larger sizes can be made
» 18 128:0d. 4s: 0d to order.

Nr. 1 to 4 are goud for humming birds and others up to
the size of Tanagers.

No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies.

No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls,

No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc.

No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc.

Postage Stamps
FOR SALE.

A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts
of the World. For prices &c. apply to Naturalists Agency,
225, High Holborn, W.C,

FOR SALE.
Books on Natural History, etc.

Atlas d’Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
les plus connus dessinés d’apres nature par
Martinet, Paris, 1784.

1 Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition.
Contents: Epitre à Buffon, Tableau général
du classement des Oiseaux divisés d’après
Buffon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou
Familles. 150 splendid coloured plates par
Martinet. Exceedingly rare, perhaps uni-
que. Mickey

Agassiz — Nomenclator Zoologicus, Soloduri, 1842-
1846, gros vol. in 4to. vs sb 40S.

— Nomenclatoris /oologici, index universalis Solo-
duri, 1848, in 12mO ... TOS.
— De l'espèce et des classifications en 1 Zoologie,
1 vol. in 8vo. bon 4S.

America, by John Ogilby, Esq, London, fe
Grand in folio, 675 pages, 121 splendid
Engravings and Maps. FETC

Boucard, A. — Catalogius Avium; contenant 2,456
genres et 11,030 espèces, avec une nouvelle
classification systématique. Londres, 1876,
1 vol. in 8vo.. A IOS.

— Monographic List of the Genus Plusiotis, with
Gescription of new species. (From the Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society of London),

1874. Brochure in 8vo, avec planche
coloriée gus ane yi} AS.
— La même, planche noire * ... sib 2s.

WANTED TO BUY.

Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwaras, to
which none have been added since the last 20 years.

Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-
ally Colonials and old German states.

Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.

Old unused English and Colonials.

Old works on stamps.

Proofs of stamps, ete. etc.

TO ORNITHOLOGISTS.
FOR SALE.

Fine mounted specimen of Alcu smpennis, the Great Auk,
(extinct species). Pedigree from date of capture, 1836, will
be given to buyer.

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of
bird Reinhardtia ocellata Bp., the greatest discovery of the

century. Price £50
FOR. SALE.
Calyptomena whiteheadi, male, toos. A magnifi-

cent bird, discovered lately by Mr. Whitehead in the
interior of Borneo. Many other species from the
same collector (magnificent skins).

FOR SALE:

A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts

of the world. 2,000 varieties. Fifty years work.
Will be sold at a bargain.

Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili.
most perfect condition.

In the
23 specimens, at 5s. each.

aD.

— Notes sur les Trochilidés du Mexique (Extrait
des Annales de la Société linnéenne de Lyon),

t brochure in 8vo, Lyon, 1875 tee IS.
— Notes sur quelques Trochilidés, ditto,
1072 | ope iets CEE Soi Sa IS.
— Catalogue des collections d'Histoire na-
turelle, récoltées au Mexique, par Mr. A.
Boucard, avec le prix de chaque espèce 6d.

— Catalogue de Mammifères, Oiseaux, Reptiles,
Poissons et Coquilles, de la Californie, de la
Louisiane, du Mexique, et de VUruguay,

1328) ESPeCes.. AVEC, DIX =. - 6d.

— Catalogue de Coléoptères (Carabidæ), et Colé-

optères divers 1,477 espèces, avec prix 6d.
— Catalogue de Coléoptères Héteromères et de
Curculionides, 2,242 espèces, avec prix 6d.
— Catalogue d’Oiseaux, Reptiles, et Poissons, 1,157
espèces, avec: prix!) |e IS.
— Liste de Coléoptères exotiques 2 ,636 espèces,
AVECPHX NE } IS.
— Guide pour collecter, préparer et expédier des
collections d'histoire naturelle is 6d.
— Le méme en espagnol ane Bik éd.

British Museum — Catalogue of the specimens
and Drawingsof Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and
Fishes of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq., to the British Museum,
by John Edward Gray, second edition. 2s. 3d.

— Report on the Zoological Collections made in
the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of
H.M.S. Albert 1881-2. Pp. XXV., 684, 54
plates TS SAS oO Mist 30S.

— Catalogue of the bones of Mammals in the
Collection of the British Museum, by E.
Gerrard. Pp. IV ; 296, 1862, 8vo. ... 5S:

IV

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[September 1, 1891

Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs and Fruit-eating |

Bats in the Collection of the British Museum
by Dr. J. E. Gray, Fes VIII. 137, 21 Wood-
cuts. 1870, 8vo. 4S.
Catalogue of Carton Pc de ns and
Edentate Mammalia in the British Museum
by John Edward Gray, a VII. 398, 47
Woodcuts, 1869, 8vo. 500 OS Wal,
Hand List of Seals, Mores, ices Lions and
Sea Bears in the British Museum, by Dr.
J. E. Gray, Pp. 43, 89 pas of skulls. 1874,
Sv... ... 12s. 6d.
Catalogue of Seals onal Whales in the British
Museum, by John E. Gray, second edition,
BD: VII ; 402. 101 Woodcuts. 1866. 8vo. 8s,
Supplement by John E. Gray, Pp. VI. 163.
II Woodcuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. 6d.
List of the specimens of Cetacea in the Zoo-
logical Department of the British Museum,
by William HE Flower, a IV ; 36. 1885,
SOs aos boo) | ss: Oral
Catalogue of Roanne Mann le (Pecora
linnœus) in the British Museum, by John
Edward mae Pp. VIII. 102, 4 plates, 1872,
SWOs sod nos ZS. Od:
Hand List of Cee Thick skinned and
Ruminant Mammals in the British Museum,
by Dr. J. E. Gray. Pp. VII. 176. 42 plates
ofiskullls ECTS 72 MS VO NE ae 12s.
Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremeta
in the Collection of the British Museum, by
Oldfield Thomas. Pp. XIII. 401, 4 coloured
and 24 plain plates, 1888, Svo re 28s
Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum
Vol. 1. (out of print) Accipitres or diurnal
Birds of prey, by R. Bowdler Sharpe, 480
pages. Woodcuts and 14 coloured plates,
(Systematic and uae a ee 1874,
8vo. ... Ae 50s.
Vol. II. (out ye ben) unes or Nocturnal
Birds of prey, by R. Bowdler Sharpe. 326
pages, Woodcuts and 14 coloured plates.
Tein DVOS’ | de A 50s,

Vol. III. Paseo à Or Peine Birds) Colio- |

morphe containing the families, Corvide,
Paradiseidæ, Oriolidæ, Dicruridæ ‘and Prion-
opidæ, by R. Bowdler Sharpe, Pp. XIII ; 363.
Woodcuts and 14 coloured plates. 1879, 8vo,
175.

Vol. IV. Pasenfonne te or perenne Birds. Czclo-
morphe Part 1 containing the families Campe-
phagidz and Muscicapide, by R. Bowdler
Sharpe, Pp. XVI; 494. Woodcuts and 14
coloured plates, 1879, 8vo. ... 205.
Vol. V. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Cichlomorphe : Part II. containing the families
Turdidæ (Warblers and Thrushes), by Henry
Seebohm, Pp. XVI; 426. Woodcuts and 18
coloured plates. 1881, 8vo. ... it 205.
Vol. VI. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Ciclomorphe : Part III. containing the first
portion of the family Timelidæ (Babling
Thrushes), by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. XIII ;

420. Woodcuts and 14 coloured plates 1881
8vo. 20S.
Vol. VII. Passeriformes or © Perching Birds
Ciclomorphe: Part IV. containing the conclu-
ding portion of the family Timelidæ, by R.
Bowdler Sharpe Pp. XVI ; 598. Woodcuts and
15 coloured plates, 1383, 8vo. Se 26s.
Vol. VIII. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Cichlomorphe ; Part V. containing the families
Paridæ and Laniide (Titmice and Shrikes) and
Certhiomorphe (Creepers and Nuthatches), by
Hans Gadow, Pp. XIII, 386 Woodcuts and
9 coloured plates. 1883, 8vo. ate 17S.
Vol. IX. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Cynnirimorphe, containing the families Nec-
tariniide and Meliphagide (Sun birds and
Honey eaters), by Hans Gadow. Pp. XII, 310.
Woodcuts and 7 col. plates. 1884, 8vo. 14s.
Vol. X. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Frineilliformes ; Part I, containing the fami-
lies Dicaeidæ, Hirundinidæ, Ampelidæ Mnio-
tiltidæ. and Motacillidæ, by R. Bowdler Sharpe,
Pp. XIII, 682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured
plates, 1885, 8vo_—.... à : 2 2S.
Vol. XI. Passeriformes or i Perchine Birds.
Fringilliformes: Part II, containing the families
Coerebidæ, Tanagridæ and Icteridæ by Philip
Lutley Sclater, Pp. XVII; 431. Woodcuts
and 18 coloured plates, 1886, 8vo. ... 20s.
Vol. XII. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Frinigilliformes; Part III; containing the
family Fringillidæ, by R. Bowdler Sharpe Pp.
XV, 871, Woodcuts and 16 coloured plates,
1888, 8vo. Aes 225 LRO:
Vol. XIII. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Sturniformes containing the families Artamidæ.
Sturnidæ, Ploceidæ, and Alaudidæ. Also
the families Atrichiide and Menuridæ,
by R. Bowdler Sharpe, Pp. XVI; 701 Wood-
cuts and 15 coloured plates, 1890. 8vo. ... 28s.
Vol. XIV. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Oligomyode or the families Tyrannidæ, Oxyram-
phidæ, Pipridæ, Cotingide, Phytotomide,
Philepittidæ, Pittidæ, Xenicidæ, and Eurylae-
midæ, by Philip Lutley Sclater, Pp. XIX,
424Woodcuts, and 26 coloured plates. 1888,
SVvoul as: a 24S.
Vol. XV. Passiformes, or Perching Birds.
Tracheophone : or the families of Deudroco-
laptidæ, Formicariidæ, Conopophagide, and
Pteroptochidæ, by Philip Lutley Sclater. Pp.
XVII. ; 371. Woodcuts and 20 coloured
plates. 1890, 8vo …. et 208.
Vol. XVIII. Picariæ Stansores containing the
family of Picidæ, by Edward Hargitt. Pp.
XV bere Woodcuts and 15 coloured plates,
1890, SV} are “é 26s.
Vol. XIX. Picariæ, Scansores and Coceyges,
containing the families Ramphastidæ Gal-
bulidae and Bucconide, by Fhilip Lutley
Sclater and the families Indicatoridæ, Capi-
tonidæ, Cuculidæ, and Musophagidæ, by G.E.
. Shelley. 484 pages. Woodcuts and 13 coloured
plates, 1891, 8vo …. Sat 25S.
Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles and
Amphisbænians in the Collection of the British

September 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 67

Che Hamming Bud.

The Pilgrim Locust.

Continued from page 52.

Since the publication of my first notice on the
Pilgrim Locust (“ Humming Bird,” pp. 51-52) great
havoc of property has been made by these insects in
Algeria, Tunis,and Morocco. The French Parliament
has voted large sums of money for their destruction.
The Paris Museum of Natural History has sent in
Algeria Mr. Brongniart, with the special mission to
study the invasion of these insects and the means to
destroy them. It appears that Mr. Brongniart has
been successful so far in the mission entrusted to him.

He has discovered in a field, covered with dead
bodies of locusts, a parasitic mushroom which de-
stroys them, and which develops itself with the same
rapidity as these acridian insects.

It is to be hoped that Mr. Brougniart’s process of
procreating this parasitic mushroom in immense
numbers will be successful, and will be the means to
check their propagation; but I am still of opinion
that an agreement should be entered at once by
France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and other countries for
the protection of the birds mentioned on page 52, viz. :
Merops apiaster, or Bee Eater; Sturnus vulgaris, or
Starling ; all species of Crows, and Magpies, Quails,
etc.

It is only by employing all the means at their com-
mand that this plague will be successfully stopped, or,
at least, abated.

Now I don’t see why it should not be possible to
derive a benefit of such large numbers of insects for
industrial purposes.

In this century of wonderful discoveries, when
chemistry is such a powerful agent for all purposes, I
think it would be quite easy to discover several means
of employing the said insects, either as manure, food,
etc.

As manure, it is quite an easy thing, and I believe
that they have already been used for that purpose,
and there are no reasons why it could not be employed
. with good results for other purposes. It only requires
to be analysed by competent chemists, so as to apply
it where wanted. As food, it is well known that the
negroes and the Arabs of the desert don’t consider the
coming of the locusts as a plague, but the contrary.
They consider them as a manna sent to them by the
ALMIGHTY. They feed largely on them, boiled or
fried, and it is a perpetual festival during the time of
the invasion. ‘They also make provisions of them for
future needs. For that purpose they gather as many
as they can, and bake or dry them in the sun. Well
dried, they keep for a long time. In America the
Indians eat the young and say that they are delicious.

All sorts of animals feed on them, and I have often
seen dogs and fowls hunting and devouring them.

Now I will suggest to the industrious one of my
ideas about them, and it is that I am certain that a

very good food for poultry and other birds, and
probably also for dogs and other domesticated

—|-animals, can be made with them, by gathering as

many of the young (and possibly also the mature
Insects), drying or baking them, and when so pre-
pared, to reduce them to powderin a special mill, and
mix it with farinaceous substances, so as to make a
paste easy to keep.

I am satisfied that such a paste would be a very
acceptable food for many species of animals, and
would pay well to manufacture.

There is an illimited field to explore in that direc-
tion; as the Insects could be made into a variety of
pastes, by mixing with different farinaceous sub-
stances, according to the use required.

Here is a sure remedy which would cost nothing to
the Governments, and probably in a few years time
the arrival of locusts would be hailed with shouts of
joy, instead of shouts of imprecations as at present.

I think that millions of money can be made with
this new Industry, and it only requires a small capital.
I am quite willing to help with my advice and my
share in money, any Society willing to undertake the
manufacture of Animal food and all other products,
which can be extracted from /ocusts.

It will not be the first time that fortunes will be
made with my suggestions. I remember thatin 1878,
I published a small pamphlet on the Objects exhibited
by myself in the Guatemala Section, Paris Lnterna-
tional Exhibition 1878, and in it I called the attention
of the public on the seeds of the Coyol Palm Trees,
Pactris viniferas and other species found in very large
quantities in all the tropical countries of Central and
South America, and since then, a great trade has been
made with these nuts for the excellent quality of their
oil which is much used as a condiment, and also for
superior soap making.

This reminds me that a Chemist has also made use
of locusts for the manufacture of a good soap; but I
am not aware if he has been able to get as many of
the Insects as he wanted.

Probably the locusts could be used for many other
industrial purposes. Surely they must contain some
new Acids, susceptible of applications in Industry.

We must always remember that every living being
has been created for a special purpose, and it is very
likely that some reasons exist for the periodical inva-
sions of locusts, and it would be well that scientific
International Commissions should be sent to study
these Insects, the countries where they come from,
the reasons of these invasions, etc. etc., and the best
methods to destroy them, if really injurious ; as all
Countries are greatly interested in the solution of such
problems.

These Insects are to-day invading ‘Tunisia,
Algeria and Morocco, but to-morrow they may pene-
trate on all the Continent, in India, China, Japan,
Australia, South Africa, etc., as they have done before ;
especially in Cyprus, Russia, France and Spain.

In Cyprus, the number of locusts is constantly
increasing, and in 1882 they were so abundant that
the English Government did all he could to stop
that plague by offering from one half-penny to three
half pence, per pound of eggs.

From July 1881 to February 1882, 1,329 tons of

68 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[September 1, 1891

eggs were brought to the authorities of the Island. It
is impossible to imagine what number of eggs it
represent.

Notwithstanding this large destruction of eggs the
locusts have not disappeared. Very likely the eggs
could also be mixed with farinaceous substances and
made into a paste, suitable for animal food, and also
used raw for all sorts of Songsters. It ought to be
preserved easily.

The increase of locusts in Cyprus is attributed to
the destruction of the forests, leaving the soil where
such forests existed useless for culture and favourable
to the production of Insects. The probable remedy
should be in making new forests, by planting as many
trees as possible. During the last years Georgia was
also invaded by locusts. In the district of Adjeakoor,
Lieut.-Colonel Serafinoff had three thousand men
with him, with whom he exterminated the Insects in
two hundred different places.

In Dagheraman, province of Ellesavetopol, such a
large number of locusts arrived in May that it
occupied several hundred miles. Five thousand men
were requested to fight this formidable invasion.
They destroyed about 200,000 pounds of Insects
every day.

In 1886 Spain was also invaded by an immense
number of locusts. They alighted near Ciudad Real
and destroyed all vegetation.

The r2th of August, in the suburb of St. Maria,
the sky was darkened during one hour by a throng of
locusts, which alighted in that locality. It was re-
solved to put fire to the invaded fields by means of
gazoline. ‘This remedy was effectual; but more than
twenty towns and villages lost entirely their crops.

In the province of Cuenca, the territory of fifty-
eight villages was invaded by locusts in such numbers
that in places they formed a layer one yard thick. A
child left alone in the field died stifled under these
Insects. The running of trains was interrupted for
several hours.

In 1888 the locusts have again appeared in the
province of Murcia.

In France, several years back, a large quantity of
these Insects in one day destroyed all the vegetation
from Saint Denis to Saint Michel-de-Bannières, in
Dordogne. When all was devoured they took their
flight for unknown regions, leaving misery and ruin
after them.

In 1888 they appeared in the suburbs of Figeac.
They alighted at Gourdon and Gramat. A large
potato field was destroyed in several hours.

Besides the birds mentioned before as natural
enemies of the locusts, there are also myriads of
wasps, /chneumons, which kill and bury the locusts
after introducing their eggs in the bodies of their
victims, which in due time will serve of nourishment
to their progeniture.

I shall be happy if this poor contribution of mine
will help in one way or another to the disappearance
of this fearful plague, the cause of so much ruin and
misery.

A. BOUCARD.

The following extract from a letter, dated Rawal
Pindi, 25th May, «1891, will be read with interest,
says the British Medical Journal :—“ The Punjab has

this year had a terrible visitation of locusts, the worst
there has been for many a year. An army, about ten
miles wide, of unfledged locusts, was passing through
the station for five days. Millions I should say of
these insects have been destroyed in the station, so
that in many cases the smell from the dead bodies is
very bad. The trains have several times been de-
layed for some hours by the inability to make way
over the greasy masses of locusts crushed on the
rails.”

A Visit to the British Museum.
Natural History Department.

ce es
Continued from page 55.

CORAL GALLERY.

Parallel with the Bird Gallery, to the north side, is a
long narrow gallery, containing the collection of
corals, sponges, and allied forms.

Commencing at the eastern end, some of the lowest
forms of animal life are exhibited. They belong to
the group Foraminifera, and for the greater part are
so minute that they can only be studied with the

microscope. Their structure is illustrated by models
and figures. The next divisions are occupied by
sponges. Most conspicuous among them is a series

showing the variations of the common bath sponge,
of which a great trade is done in the Mediterranean,
chiefly at Tunis and Tripoli.

Some species are also gathered in Florida and in
the West Indies.

Close to the common sponge can be seen some fine
specimens of the charming Æwpéerctella, or Venus’
flower basket, the Japanese Æyalonema, or glass rope
sponge, Case 3, and the gigantic Rhapzophora, or
Neptune’s goblet. Nearly the whole of the remainder
of the gallery is given up to Corals, showing the im-
mense variety of form and colour of these animals,
some presenting a marvellous resemblance to vege-
table growths. The precious Coral, Corallium,
usually of a bright red colour, is common in the
Mediterranean, where is also found the pink variety,
which is more valuable. Opposite Cases 8 and ro
are the Madrepore Corals, amongst which can be seen
a large fragment of a reef, entirely formed by a small
kind of Madrepore. These reefs, when raised above
the surface of the water, constitute the base of
thousands of islands in the Indo-Pacific Ocean and
West Indies, one of the marvels of creation. With
time these islands, formed at first exclusively of
corals, aided by the action of volcanic submarine
eruptions, and also by detritus brought over by mari-
time currents, acquire a great development.

The small group of animals known as /olyzoa,
nearly related to Mollusia, are exhibited on two
table-cases at the western end of the gallery.

In the corridor which leads from the Bird Gallery
into the Fish Gallery, a selection of the most impor-
tant forms of Batrachians with or without tails, such

‘as Salamanders, Newts, Frogs and Toads, is exhibited.

September 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. | 69

FISH GALLERY.

The Fish Gallery, which is nearest to the Central
Hall, contains stuffed examples and skeletons of all
the most remarkable members of the Class.

Cases (1—5), fercidae, or Perch family, of which
the common Freshwater Perch is the best known
. example. In Case 5 are the J7u/iidae or Red Mullets.
The European Mullet (MZul/us barbatus) was prized
by the ancient Romans above any other fish.

Case 6 contains the Sparidae or Sea Breams.

In Case 7 are the Syvamipinnes or Coral Fishes,
inhabitants of the tropical seas and abounding chiefly
in the neighbourhood of coral reefs.

In Case 11 are the remarkable Sucking Fishes
ÆEcheneis which have the spinous dorsal fin modified
into an adhesive disk, which occupies the upper side
of the head and neck. By means of this disk, these
fishes- are enabled to attach themselves to any flat
surface. When at sea we used to fish sharksand I
_ never saw one taken without several of these fishes
attached to its body. as also the Pilot-fish (Waucrates
ductor ) always seen a few yards from the Shark. This
last fish is exhibited in Case 12. In Case 13 are
exhibited various species of Sword-fishes. A piece of
a two-inch plank of a whale boat pierced by a Sword-
fish, in which the broken sword still remains, can be

seen in the same Case; also a good series of Fishing-|

frogs ( Lophius) also called Anglers or Sea-Devils.

Case 14 contains the well-known Stickleback and
its curious Nest. It is an inhabitant of the British
Isles. In Case 18 are exhibited two very curious
species ; the Electric Cat-Fish (MWalapterurus) from
tropical Africa, and the Callichtys from British
Guiana.

Case 20 contains the Scombresocide, chiefly marine.
The most curious members of this family are the
Flying-Fishes (Æxocetus), inhabitants of the tropical
and sub-tropical seas, where they are constantly seen
in large numbers flying over the water. It is one of
the most extraordinary sights to be seen. Sometimes
they fall on board of vessels, in which case they
are immediately secured, cooked and served on the
table at meal’s time.

In separate table-cases are exhibited several speci-
mens of the rare Avapaima gigas from Brazil and
Guiana, highly esteemed as an article of food. It is
the largest freshwater Teleostean known, exceeding a
_ length of 15 feet and a weight of 400 Ib.

In Case 22 are specimens of Gymmnotus electricus,
the electric Eel of South America. ‘The electric
shock may be of sufficient strength to temporarily
paralyse a man. I have been told that the Indians
of Guiana have a very curious way of catching these
fishes. They drive a horse in the river where electric
Eels are found, and after the discharge of several
electric shocks on the horse they easily secure them.

The Eels, Murænide, are exhibited in Cases 23 and
24. Murena helena, a Mediterranean species, is the
type of the Genus. It attains the length of five feet
and upwards, and its smooth skin is beautifully
marbled with yellow subangular markings on a rich
brown ground. It was highly prized by the ancient
Romans, who had special ponds (wvariz) built for
the fattening of these fishes. They were in the habit

of introducing them, in crystal vases, où the table, be-
fore being cooked, that the guests might admire their
variegated skin.

Vaedius Pollio of Rome, caused his offending
slaves to be flung alive in the pond to feed his
Murzene.

Other fishes worthy of mention are the Globe
Fish, Diodon maculatus, in Case 25 ; the Sun fishes,
Orthagoriscus mola and truncatus, in a separate case ;
the Polypterus from tropical Africa ; also Protopterus
annecteus, common in tropical Africa ; and the most
extraordinary Barramanda (Ceratodus) from Queens-
land, known by the name of Burnett or Dawson
Salmon. Protopterus lives in shallow waters, which
periodically dry up. During the dry season they form
a cavity in the mud, the inside of which is lined with
a capsule of mucus, and from which they emerge
again when the rains refill the pools inhabited by
them. The balls of clay containing the fishes in a
torpid condition are brought to Europe, where they
can be bought at a reasonable price. Put in a basin
with lukewarm water, the fish emerge from the ball
after a little time, and can be transferred in a proper
aquarium.

The series of Sharks and Rays is also very good,
and with that of the Lampreys and the Lancelet
(Branchiostoma or Amphioxus) completes the col-
lection of Fishes exhibited to the Public. It is a very
interesting and valuable collection. Unfortunately,
I cannot say the same of the collections exhibited in
the Insect Gallery, which is close to it. It is true
that fears have been entertained that exposure to the
light would deteriorate the colours of many of the
species ; but this is a very poor reason ; as I know by
experience that if they are properly exhibited, they
will not deteriorate quicker than those of Birds, Corals
Crustacea, etc., etc., and I call the attention of the
Authorities of the British Museum to that part of the
Museum which is quite inadequate.

To be continued.

Recommendations for the Prevention of
Damage by some Common Insect of
the Farm, the Orchard, and the Garden.

By JAMES FLETCHER,

Entomologist and Botanist to Dominion Experimental
Farms, Ottawa, Canada.

—— À —

The frequent enquiries for information concerning
even the commonest and most injurious enemies of
cultivated crops and fruits render it advisable to issue,
in concise form for reference, an account of some of
the more important of these, together with approved
remedies and convenient methods of applying the
latter. The insects treated of are those which have

70 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[ September LES 1891

been most frequently enquired about by my corres-
pondents during the last two seasons. Where pos-
sible, illustrations are given, so that those concerned
may not only know the latest remedies, but at the
same time may become familiar with the appearance
of their enemies.

#oEconomic Entomology is the name given to a
special study of the habits of Insects with the view of
finding out and protecting such as are beneficial, and
of destroying those which are injurious.

As year by year larger areas of land are brought
under cultivation the various injurious insects which
attack special crops will become more and more
numerous as the cultivation of their favourite food-
plant is extended. It is estimated that there is no
crop grown which is not diminished by an average of
at least one-tenth, by the depredations of insect
enemies, and this loss in some years runs up to one-
fourth or one-half of the whole crop. Of this loss
there is no doubt that a large proportion can be saved
by the adoption of simple methods founded on
general principles, with which all can easily become
acquainted. For the effective use of remedies to
destroy injurious insects a certain amount of know-
ledge of their structure and habits is highly desirable,
so that the most appropriate remedy may be adopted,
and also that it may be used at the period when the
enemy is most susceptible to injury.
us{The lives of insects are divided into four well
marked periods. These are:—1. The egg; 2. The
caterpillar or larval stage, during which, as a rule, they
are most injurious ; 3. The pupa or quiescent stage,
in which, except in a few orders, they lie quiet, and
are without the power of motion ; and 4. The perfect
Insect. Some insects are injurious in three of their
stages ; but the larger number in one only, so that
unless we try to know them in all their forms we may
lose the best opportunities of destroying them. It is
clear that in this warfare the one who possesses this
information has a great advantage over those who do
not.

Insects may be divided into two classes by the

nature of their mouth parts. In the first or larger
division, Biting Insects, they are furnished with man-
dibles or biting jaws, by means of which they consume
the substance of their food, as with caterpillars,
beetles, etc. In the second class, Sucking Insects,
they have instead of mandibles a beak or tube, by
means of which they suck up their food in a liquid
form from beneath the surface, as with the true bugs,
plant-lice and flies. It is evident that with the insects
of the first class all that is necessary is to place some
oisonous substance on the food-plant, which they
ill eat together with their food. With the second
lass, however, this would be useless, for they would
ush their beaks through the poisonous covering on
ae outside of their food-plant, and would extract the
,iices upoh which they live from the interior. For
this class, therefore, some substance must be used
which will kill by mere contact with their bodies.
Now, for both of these classes of Insects we have
cheap and available remedies, of which I will speak
further on.

Remedies for injurious Insects are either Preventive
or Active, and must be applied in accordance with

the circumstances of the case and the habits of the
attacking Insects.

PREVENTIVE REMEDIES.

These are of two kinds:— 1. Agricultural ; and
2. Deterrent.

1. Agricultural.—These consist chiefly in the adop-
tion of such agricultural methods as :—High Culture,
which will stimulate a vigorous and healthy growth of
the crop and push it on to maturity as soon as pos-
sible ; Clean Farming, by which all weeds are kept
down and rubbish is prevented from accumulating ;
Early or late seeding, so that a crop liable to attack
is presented to its enemies, at the time they make
their appearance, in such acondition that they cannot
injure it; Rotation of Crops, by which the insects
attracted to a locality by a certain crop will not have,
in that place, the same crop to feed on the following
year.

2. Deterrent.—Under this head come such opera-
tions as painting the trunks of fruit trees with poison-
ous, alkaline, or other obnoxious washes to keep out
borers, by deterring the female insects from depositing
their eggs upon the bark; the placing of mechanical
contrivances on trees to prevent the ascent of insects,
as climbing cut-worms, or the wingless female canker-
worm moths, which leave the ground in autumn and
spring and crawl up the trunks of trees to lay their
eggs.

Destroying or masking the natural odour of some
vegetables by scattering amongst them substances
possessed of a stronger or disagreeable odour, as gas
lime, or carbolic acid.

ACTIVE REMEDIES.

Under this head comes the practising of such
methods as may be called generally ‘‘ hand-picking,”
or the seeking out of insects in their different stages
and destroying them. ‘These methods can be best
explained under the several insects for which they are
useful. The most impoctant active remedies, however,
comprise the application of the various insecticides or
poisonous substances which are now so largely used
for destroying insects, and which are treated of sepa-
rately further on. Before passing on to a considera-
tion of these it may be well to devote a few lines to
the different methods and apparatus for applying
insecticides.

APPARATUS,

Nearly all of the insecticides may be used both as
a dry powder and as a wet mixture. In the case of
the arsenical poisons it is necessary to mix them with
some other substance as a diluent, on account of their
caustic action upon tender vegetation, also for con-
venience of distribution, and to economise the material
in use. For dry applications suitable diluents will be
found in flour, land-plaster, air-slaked lime, and finely
sifted ashes or road-dust. It is of the utmost impor-
tance that these should be perfectly dry and in a very
fine state of division, so as to mix thoroughly with the
insecticide used and to allow of being distributed
evenly over the plants as a very fine powder. The
proper quantity of the diluents to be used with the

September 1, 1891]

different insecticides will vary with the insects to be
treated and the plants to which they are applied.
There are several instruments for distributing dry
poisons, such as bellows, insect-guns, dusting-boxes,
etc. Any operation requiring the body to be kept for
a long time in a stooping posture while walking soon
becomes extremely tiresome. It is therefore necessary
for field application to devise some means for distri-
buting the poison, so as to waste as little as possible
of the material and yet allow the body to be kept in
its natural position. This is best done by placing the
. powder to be distributed in a small bag of very fine
muslin (two thicknesses, if necessary), and then tying
this to the end of a short stick so that it swings freely.
It will be found that by tapping the bag lightly with
another stick held in the other hand that the operator
can walk erect, and do much better work than by
stooping along over his crop with an aching back.
Prof. Lintner recommends “a tin box of a convenient
size (half a pint), with a cover, and having the bottom
covered with wire gauze—the box to be fastened to a
stick about three feet long. With this a person can
walk along the plants to be dusted, and by gently
striking the handle with another s nall stick the pow-
der can be uniformly distributed with the greatest
care.” Dry mixtures should be applied when plants
are wet with dew or in still weather. It is found by
experience, however, that during the spring months,
when insecticides are most needed, there are of:en
periods of several days when these conditions do not
occur. It therefore becomes necessary to apply the
poisons in some other way, so that the material may
be evenly distributed over the plants to be protected,
and not blown away by tae wind. For this purpose
mixing with water and spraying is the most convenient
plan, and there are a great many kinds of pumps and
other appliances for the purpose. After considerable
experience I have come to the conclusion that it will
repay anyone who hasto apply insecticides to go to
the expense of procuring a pair of proper bellows for
dry mixtures and a force pump for liquid applications.
Such make-shift contrivances as ordinary watering
cans, whisks, whisps of hay, or bunches of leaves,
which are frequently used, actually cost far more in
wasted time and materials than would pay for the
best special instruments ; added to which, when the
woik is done it is neither satisfactory nor effective.

PUMPS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTORS.

For dry applications the ‘“ Woodason bellows.”
made by Thomas Woodason, 451, East Cambria
Street, Philadelphia, is one of the most highly recom-
mended. It is made in two sizes, which sell at $1
and $2 respectively. Thesame firm also manufactures
the “ Woodason atomizer,” for the application of a
liquid spray upon a small scale. For more extensive
operations force pumps of various sizes are necessary.
These can be procured at prices ranging from $2 to
$5 for small hand pumps. These are obtainable from
most of our Canadian seedsmen. Very useful
machines are the ‘‘ Knapsack ” sprayers, consisting of
a tank of 4 or 5 gallons capacity, with a force-pump
and spraying nozzle attached. ‘They are carried on
the back, and are very convenient for the treatment

THE HUMMING BIRD. 71

of low-growing crops, as cabbages, turnips, etc., as
well as for small fruits. Of these the most highly
spoken of are the “ Galloway Sprayer,” manufactured
by Albinson and Trusheim, 2,026, Fourteenth Street,
Washington, D.C. Cost, $14. Another machine
which is highly approved is the ‘‘ Knapsack,” manu-
factured by the Field Force-pump Co., of Lockport,
N.Y., which sells for the same price. An excellent
but more expensive machine is the ‘‘ Eureka,” made
by Adam Weaber, Vineland, N.J. Cost, $21. All
of these are supplied with the “ Vermorel” nozzle
mentioned further on.

For field work larger machines are necessary, and
there are several in the market. The Field Force-
pump Co. manufacture for $12 the ‘Perfection ”
pump which can be attached to a barrel. This pump
has an extra discharge hose by which the poison is
kept constantly stirred up in the barrel, a most im-
portant thing with Paris Green and London Purple
mixtures. Gould’s Manufacturing Co., of Seneca
Falls, N.Y., also send out a machine which has given
great satisfaction, called the “Standard Double-acting
Spray Pump.” This also may be fitted to the top or
side of a barrell, and has two discharge tubes. It
costs about $14 complete. The Nixon Nozzle and
Machine Co., of Dayton, Ohio, make two machines
which are highly praised by all who have tried them.
The larger, the “ Little Giant,” consists of a square
metal tank with force-pump, and is mounted on
wheels. It can be drawn or pushed by means of a
handle and driving wheel; but for use in an orchard,
the tank can be taken off the wheels and mounted in
a waggon. Cost, $35. The same company also
makes a smaller machine, the “Climax Tripod
No. 2,” which sells for $15. It is very convenient,
and can be taken apart and shipped in a very small
box. It can be attached to any kind of vessel or tank
by means of brass connections, which are supplied
with it, as well as 20 feet of hose and 2 nozzles. I
am so frequently asked where pumps and spraying
apparatus are to be obtained that I have given the
addresses of the above firms who have sent me their
catalogues. A good pump, called the “Orchard
and Garden Force Pump,” is made by W. Robertson,
Oakville, Ont. I do not know of any other Canadian
firms manufacturing these special forms of apparatus.
Anyone intending to buy a spraying outfit would do
well to send for catalogues before deciding on pur-
chasing any particular machine, so as to procure the
most suitable.

NOZZLES.

Of equal importance with a proper force-pump in
the distribution of poisonous applications is a proper
nozzle, by means of which the liquid is distributed
evenly. Prof. Riley says “the desiderata in a spray
nozzle are ready regulation of the volume to be
thrown, greatest atomizing power with least tendency
to clog ; facility of cleansing, or ready separation of its
component parts; cheapness, simplicity and adjust-
ability to any angle.”

There are a great many spraying nozzles in the
market—some good, some decidedly otherwise. The
best of these are the Riley or Cyclone, with

72 THE HUMMING BIRD.

its various modifications, and the Nixon. Prof.
J. B: Smith says (Bul. 75, N. J. As. (Col Expert.
Station): —“ The Cyclone, with the ‘ Vermorel’
modification for clearing the nozzle of obstructions, is
the most widely applicable for spraying low plants
and bushes, like cabbages, pumpkins, currants, black-
berry and others. This projects a fine spray in an
eddy from a central discharge orifice, and makes a
perfect and, for a short distance, forcible spray.
Fastened to a rod of convenient length, and set at an
angle with the rod, all parts of the cabbage can be
thoroughly wet in a few seconds. All who have ever
used this nozzle are delighted with it. It is manu-
factured by the Field Force-pump Co., Lockport,
NEO

The Nixon nozzle is equally valuable for a some-
what different range of work. The stream is projected
through a small central nipple against a screen at the
end of a brass cylinder, and is broken there into a fine
spray, retaining considerable force. This is furnished
by the Nixon Nozzle and Machine Co., and is an
excellent nozzle for orchard use.

The question of elevating the spray, so as to reach
the tops of trees, is merely one of attaching the dis-
charge pipe of the pump to one end of a small brass
or rubber tube, bearing the nozzle at the other end,
and running it through (or lashing it to the side of) a
bamboo or other light pole of the required length. A
wedge-shaped washer, cut out of thick sole leather,
placed just below the nozzle, will prevent the drip
from trickling down the pole upon the operator.

REMEDIES.

For convenience of reference in the latter part of this
Bulletin, I append a short statement concerning each
of the best known remedies, which will be referred to
by the numbers which precede them :—

I. Zhe Arsenites—The best known of thess are
Paris Green (Arsenite of copper) and London Purple,
(chiefly Arsenite of lime). The former is in more
general use in Canada, and from my own experience
and that of my correspondents I consider it the safer
of the two to use on vegetation. The latter, however,
is highly praised by some who have used it, and it
will probably be found more useful than Paris Green,
on account of the lime it contains, for mixing with
Bordeaux mixture and other fungicides for the com-
bined treatment of insects and fungi. Paris green is
a sure remedy for all mandibulate or biting insects ;
but is also very poisonous to man and the domestic
animals. Care must, therefore, be taken to keep it
out of the reach of children, ignorant people and
animals.

If applied too strong to the foliage of plants it is
also very destructive. Some plants are much more
easily injured by the arsenites than others, it therefore
becomes necessary to use them with caution until the
quantity that may be applied to a certain plant is
known. For apple trees, a mixture containing + lb.
of Paris green to 50 gallons of water may be used;
for plums and cherries about the same strength ; but
as some va.ieties are tenderer than others, the effect
of the application should be watched and the strength
reduced if necessary. For peach trees it should not

[September 1, 1891

be used stronger than 1 lb. to 300 gallons of water,
and even then there will be considerable risk of
injury. Where it is necessary to spray two or three
times in the season later applications of the poison
should be reduced in strength.

In mixing Paris green it should first be made into
a paste with a small quantity of warm water, and the
paste subsequently mixed with the larger amount of
water required.

In spraying foliage the spray must be forcibly
applied, so as to reach evéry part; but should be
shifted from place to place as soon as the liquid begins
to drip from the leaves.

To lessen the corrosive injury of the arsenites, Prof.
Riley advises the addition of a quart of common
flour to every 12 gallons of water. He says (5th Rep.,
Us iS:,, Entoms Con) p33), he touresecmsinro
keep the poison from taking effect on the leaf, pre-
venting, to some extent, the corrosive injury which
otherwise obtains when the poison is coarsely sprinkled
or too strong.”

The effects of Paris green, strange as it may seem,
are often less severe upon young foliage than upon
that which is mature. In applying liquid washes of
Paris green and other insecticides it will be found
difficult to make them adhere to some plants, such as
cabbage, Swede turnips, etc. This difficulty can be
overcome by mixing a little soap with the water used.
For dry applications, Paris green may be mixed with
100 times its weight of perfectly dry land-plaster, air-
slaked lime, flour or sifted wood ashes, etc.

Il. Kerosene Ermulsions.—Next in importance to
the arsenites are the emulsions of kerosene. These
are particularly valuable against such insects as plant-
lice, scale insects and animal parasites. The best
formula as recommended by Prof. Riley, is:

Kerosene (coal oil) 2 gallons.
Rain water, 1 gallon.
Soap, 4 lb.

Boil the soap in the water till allis dissolved ; then,
while boiling hot, turn it into the kerosene, and churn
it constantly and forcibly with a syringe or force pump
for five minutes, when it will be of a smooth, creamy
nature. Ifthe emulsion be perfect it will adhere to
the surface of glass without oiliness. As it cools it
thickens into a jelly-like mass. This gives the stock
emulsion, which must be diluted with nine times its
measure of warm water before using on vegetation.
The above quantity of 3 gallons of emulsion will
make 30 gallons of wash. Insects breathe through
small openings along their sides. The effect of
kerosene emulsion is to suffocate them, by stopping
up these breathing pores.

Ill. White Hellebore.—This is a vegetable poison—
the finely powdered roots of Veratrum album. It is
very useful for the leaf-eating insects of small fruits,
especially saw-fly larvae. Although very poisonous to
insects, it can be safely used where the arsenites
would be dangerous. It can be applied as a dry
powder or as a liquid mixture, 1 oz. to 2 gallons of
water.

IV. Lnsect Powder, ( Pyrethrum, Buhach.)—This is
another vegetable insecticide of special value, from
the fact that although it is extremely active in its
effects upon nearly all insects, it is practically harmless

September 1, 1891
to human beings and the higher animals. It is the
pulverised flowers of some plants belonging to the
genus Pyrethrum. It is useful for many household
pests, as flies, mosquitoes and wasps, all of which are
quickly affected, either by having a small quantity
thrown into the air of a room by means of an insect-
gun or small bellows, or by a small quantity, (a tea-
spoonful, ) being ignited and allowed to smoulder. It
seems to have a marked effect upon the breathing
organs of insects. Where practicable, a dry applica-
tion gives the best results. If mixed with four times
its weight of common flour, and then kept in a tightly
closed vessel for twenty-four hours, the mixture will
kill nearly all caterpillars it is applied to, and in this
strength becomes the best remedy for the caterpillar
of the Imported Cabbage Butterfly. It can also be
used mixed with water, 1 oz. to 2 gallons of water.

V. Alkaline Washes.—A wash largely used in
Canada is that noted by Prof. Saunders in his “ Insects
Injurious to Fruits,” and consists of “soft soap
reduced to the consistence of thick paint by the
addition of a strong solution of washing soda in water.
If applied during the morning of a warm day this will
dry in a few hours, and form a tenacious coating not
easily dissolved by rain.”

Soap-suds made from whale-oil soap, lb. to 8
gallons of water is a useful remedy for the destruction
of plant lice.

VI. Carbolic Acid.—1 have not found this substance
so generally useful as I anticipated from its powerful
odour. Prof. A. J. Cook, however, has experimented
extensively with it and claims that no fruit-grower or
lover of shade trees can afford to be ignorant of
the Carbolic Acid Emulsion. He says: “I make it
just as I do the kerosene emulsion, only stronger, one
part of carbolic acid—I use the crude material—to
from 5 to 7 parts of the soap solution (1 quart soft
soap, or 1 Ib. hard soap, in 2 gallons of water) is of
the proper strength. This is the best preparation I
know of to protect against the apple-tree bark-lice and
' apple-tree borers.”

It is applied to the trunks and larger limbs by
means of a stiff brush or cloth about 20 days after the
trees blossom.

‘Carbolic Acid Wash.—Prof. Cook also recommends
for radish maggots a preparation made by adding 2
quarts of soft soap to 2 gallons of water, to which,
when heated to the boiling point, 1 pint of crude
carbolic acid is turned in. For use, one part of this
mixture is mixed with 50 of water and sprinkled
directly upon the plants once a week from the time
they appear above the ground.

Carbolized Plaster.—This is simply one pint of
crude carbolic acid well mixed with 5o0 lbs. land
plaster. Itis said to be very efficient as a deterrent
remedy for flea-beetles.

VII. Tobacco.—This has been used for a long time for
fumigating greenhouses ; but from recent experiments
it seems to be worthy of widerapplication. Prof. J. B.
Smith found that a very useful decoction could bemade
by. boiling down 1 lb. of tobacco until 1 pint of liquid
contained allthat could be extracted from it. This
was diluted with 1 gallon of water, and was very
effective in killing plant-lice, flea-beetles and other
insects.

THE HUMMING BIRD. 73

Tobacco has also been used as a wash for freeing
stock of vermin, and is very effective ; but is inferior,
for this purpose, to kerosene emulsion.

To be continued.

Water Rent.

The 15th of July I received from the collector a
notice to pay the rent due to the New River Company
for two quarters, “January to July,” 1891. I was
quite surprised to see that the rent had been increased
from £1 8s. to #1 12s. 7d. per quarter, in conse-
quence of the new assessment on Poor Rates and
General Rate taxes in the parishes of St. Giles-in-
the-Fields and St. George, Bloomsbury. I can see
in the notice sent the following paragraph :—“ By ¢he
Water Rate Definition Act (1885) the annual value ts
declared to be (within the Metropolis only) the rateable
value as settled by the Local Authority.”

This is all very well, but what has the water rent to
do with the rateable value as settled by the local
authority, I should like to know! I always thought,
and am still of the same opinion, that water was paid
according to quantity required; but it seems that I
was all wrong. If any of my readers can tell me why
it is that I must pay a higher rent for water, although
I don’t require more than I have always had, and
enlighten me on this subject, I will be very thankful,
as I cannot see what the water rent has to do with
the assessment settled by the local authorities.

THE EDITOR.

Review of Scientific Books.

ae

THE Ipis, A QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ORNITHo-

Locy. No. XI. July 1891. Price 6 Shillings.

This fine work maintains its high reputation
amongst the best Ornithological publications. The
contents of this part are :—

Ornithological results of an Expedition to the
Philippine Islands in 1887 and 1888, by J. B. Steere.
(Plates VII.—VIII.)

On the Birds of the Lower Yantsee Basin. Part 1.
by I. W. Styan.

Notes on some of the rarer Western Palaeartic
Birds, by H. E. Dresser.

On a Collection of Birds from Western Szechuen,
by Henry Seebohm.

On British Fossil Birds, by R. Lydekker.

Note on the Collared Petrel Oesfrelata torquata re-
cently reported to havebeen killed on the Welsh Coast,
by Osbert Salvin.

Remarks on Macgregor Paradise Bird Cremophilu s
Macgregori, by Ph. L. Sclater.

74 THE HUMMING BIRD.

On the Birds of Madagascar, and their connection
with Native Folk-lore, Proverbsand Superstitions, b

the Rev. James Sibree, LE

Diagnoses of new species of Birds from Central
East Africa, by R. Bowdler Sharpe.

Notices of recent Ornithological
Letters, Extracts, Notices, etc.

Four species of Birds are figured. They are :—
Ftilocickla basilanica, Irena ellae, male and female,
Oestrelata torquata, and Cnemophilus macgregort, a
very curious new genus of Paradise Bird, allied to
Xanthomelus.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF
Lonpon, 1891, Part II. 131 pages of text, 13 black
and coloured plates. Price, 12 Shillings.

The species figured are :—Ofomis jacksoni. New
Butterflies from British East Africa, Lacerta simonyt,
New Dragonflies from Ceylon, Ammodorcas clarket-
Skull of Ammodorcas clarkei, Bathybiaster vexilifer,
Pimelodus nigribarbis and cottoides, Otocinclus nigri,
cauda, Chaetostomus cirrhosus, Bunocephalus theringt,
Trichomycterus minutus and New Asiatic Butterfites.

BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ ZOOLOGIQUE DE FRANCE,
Avril 1801.

The West American Scientist, the Nautilus, Feuille
des jeunes Naturalistes, the Canadian Entomologist,
the Kansas City Scientist, etc.

Publications,

Obituary.

——————

HENRY EDWARDS.

This well-known and highly esteemed entomologist
died at his home, in New York City, on the oth of
June, 1891. His death was caused by dropsy and
other complicated troubles which affected the heart.

In him the world has lost an earnest devotee to
science and art, and those who knew him a kind-
hearted, generous, true, and sympathising friend. In
his death, entomological science has lost one of its
most active and energetic workers, and his loss is
deeply felt and deplored by all who knew him, and he
has passed out of his earthly domain with the affec-
tionate regret of many grateful and loving friends.
Mr. Edwards was born in Ross, Herefordshire, Eng-
land, August 27th, 1830, and was destined by his
father to become a lawyer. After studying for some
time without evincing any particular aptitude for the
profession, he entered a London counting house, and
frequently appeared in amateur theatricals, for which
he had much talent. He finally decided, much
against the wish of his parents, to adopt the pro-
fessional stage. In 1853 he embarked for Australia,
where he made his first appearance as an actor, and
where he passed many prosperous years. From
Australia he drifted to Peru and Panama, and in 1867
he reached San Francisco, California. In about 1877
he made his first appearance in the East, at Boston,
and finally, in 1879, he came to New York. In
1889-90 he again visited his old home in Australia,
from where he returned last year. During all these

[September x, 1891

years he was connected with the stage, until only a
short time previous to his decease, when he was com-
pelled to retire on account of his illness. At the time
of his death he had just returned from a trip to the
Catskill Mountains, where he was staying for his
health, and three and a half hours later he entered
into rest and the everlasting silence.

As an entomologist Mr. Edwards was world-known,
and was considered one of the greatest authorities of
the science to which he was attached ever since his
boyhood’s days. He was chiefly known by his excel-
lent papers on the Pacific Coast Lepidoptera, which
contain the descriptions of many new and interesting
species from that region. He was also known by his
articles on North American Aegeridae, of which
family he described nearly all our American species.
Besides these papers he has also written many other
articles on descriptions of new species and transform-
ations of Lepidoptera. #

He also edited three volumes of the journal
Papilio. The last large work he published was his
Bibliographical Catalogue of the described transforma-
tions of North American Lepidoptera ; which is now
in the hands of all our working entomologists. Mr.
Edwards spent much money for the increase of his
collection of Insects, and devoted all his leisure time
to his favourite study. His travels afforded him many
rare opportunities for collecting material for his collec-
tion and writings. The collection consists of about
300,000 specimens of Insects of all the orders from all
parts of the globe. It contains the types of all the
species he described, about four hundred and fifty,
except a few which are in other collections. It also
contains a number of Grote’s types of Noctuidæ and
Pyralidæ, and many of Fish’s types of Pterophoride,
and types of other writers. It contains also the
unique pair of Onzticellus californicus, and many other
uniques, oddities and rareties of considerable value.
The collection is one of the largest private collections
in the world. His library consists of about five
hundred volumes of entomological works, and about
double the number of pamphlets, and about two
thousand volumes on travel and other topics.

Mr. Edwards belonged to many scientific and other
Societies. He was for some time Vice-President of
the California Academy of Sciences, Life-member
Brooklyn Entomological Society, Member of the
Torrey Botanical Club, Players Club of New York,
Bohemian Club of San Francisco. Corresponding
member of the Boston Natural History Society,
Microscopical Society of San Francisco, Natural
History Society of San Diego, Belgium Natural
History Society, etc.

He leaves a widow who deeply mourns his loss, and
we would here add our condolence and sympathy and
heart-felt regret to her irreparable bereavement.

Won. BEUTENMULLER.

New York, June 15th, 1891.

Henry de la Cuisine, Dijon, Côtes d’Or, whose
death I have recorded in the July number of Zhe
Humming Bird, has left all his valuable collections of
Insects to the town of Dijon.

September 1, 1891]

Museum, by Dr. J. E. oo Epa ll Eso.
1644, SVO. LL. IS.

— Catalogue of the Chelonians, ne baluns,
and Crocodiles in the British Museum.
New Edition, by George Alfred Boulanger.
Rp ER ti. 73 woodcuts and 6 plates, 1880,
SvOWn ee. 15S.

— Gigantic Land Mroricises divine and extinct) in
the Collection of the British Museum. By
peri © wl Go Gunther wp. MMOG
plates and 2 Charts of the Aldabra group
of Islands, north west of Madagascar (with a
Systematic Synopsis of the Extinct and Living
Gigantic Land Tortoises) 1877, 4to 308.

— Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum.
Second Edition, by George Albert Boulenger,
Vol. I. Geckonidæ, Eublepharidæ, Uroplatide,
Pygopodide, Agamidæ. eg KE 436, 032
plates 1885, 8vo 205.

Vol. IT. Iguanidæ, ne Zoniiride, An-
guide, Anniellidæ, Helodermatidæ, Varanidæ,
Xantuside, Ties, Amphisbaenide. Pp.
XIII. 497, 24plates ; 1885, 8vo 20S.

Vol. III. Lacertüdæ, Gerrhosauridæ, Scincidæ,
Anelytropidæ, Dibamidæ, Chameleontide.
Pp. XII. 575. 40 plates, 1887, 8vo. 26s.

— Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection
of the British Museum, by Dr. Albert
Gunther. Pp. XVI. 281. 1858, 12mo. 45.

— Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Col-
lection of the British Museum, by Dr. Albert
Gunther, Pp. XVI. 160. 12 plates. 1858, 8vo 6s.

— Catalogue of the Batrachia, Salientia, s. Ecaudata
in the Collection of the British Museum.
Second edition, by George Albert Boulenger.
Pp. XVI. 503. Woodcuts and 30 plates,
1882, 8vo. ! 30S.

— Catalogue of the Baden Cruden) s. Gra-
dentia, s. Caudata and Batrachia Apoda in the
Collection of the British Museum. Second
Edition, by George Albert Boulenger. Pp.
ME wow plates, 1382, (Svo) *.. Qs.

— Catalogue of the Fishes in the Collection of the
British Museum, by Dr. Albert Gunther,

Vol. II. Squamipinnes, Cirrhitidæ, Triglidæ, to
Xiphiidee. Pp. XXI., 548. 1860. 8vo... 3s. 6d.
Vol. III. Gobiide, Discoboli to Notacanthi. Pp.
XXV ; 586. Woodcuts, 1861, 8vo ... ros. 6d.
Vol. IV. Acanthopterygi, Pharyngognathi Ana-
canthini. Pp. XXI, 534, 1862. 8vo... 8s. 6d.
Vol. V. Siluridæ, Characinidz to Stomiatidæ.
Pp. XXII, 455. Woodcuts, 1864, 8vo 8s.
Vol. VI. Salmonidae, Percopsidae to Cyprinodon-
tidae. Pp. XV, 368. Woodcuts, 1866,
CHO Ae 7S.
Vol. VII Heterophygi, Cyprinidae to er
dae. Pp. XX, 512. Woodcuts, 1868, 8vo. 8s.
Vol. VIII Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae to Lep-
tocardü, Pp. XXV. 549. 1870 8vo ... %s. 6d.

— Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca
in the British Museum. Part 1, by John Ed-
ward Gray. Pp. XII, an 121 Woodcuts,
ROB MOVO ihc: be aay 5S.

THE HUMMING BIRD. Vv

— Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in
the British Museum, collected by Frederick
Reigne, by Philip P. ann Ps WIL 52)
1847, 8VO :

— Catalogue of the specimens i im
Crustacea in the collection of the British
Museum by Spence Bate. Pp. IV, 399, 58
plates, 1862, 8vo : 25S.

‘ For all the other publications of the British
Museum, apply at Naturalist’s Agency.”

Buffon (Suites 4)—Zoologie générale, par M. Isidore
Geoffroy, Saint Hilaire, r vol. in 8vo, avec 1
livraison de planches fizures noires ... 10S.
Ditto ditto coloriées ... * 14s.

— Cetacés, Baleines Dauphins, etc. par M. Cuvier.
WO, Wey GWwer Ge 2 livraisons de planches
noires . d 12s.
Ditto ditto coloriées : 18s.

— Reptiles, Serpents, Lézards, Grenouilles, etc:,
par M. Duméril, 10 vol. in 8vo et 10 livrai-
sons de planches noires 84s.
Ditto ditto coloriées Soon BOR

— Poissons, par M. A. Duméril, Tome Tet II, en
3 vol. et 2 livr. de planches, fig. noires 245.
Coloriées 30S.

(Zn cours de publication. )
— Introduction à l’entomologie, par M. Lacordaire,

2 vol.,et 2 livraisons,de planches noires 17S.
Ditto ditto coloriées ane 20S.
— Insectes Coléopteres (appelé vulgairement.

Genera Lacordaire), par Mess. Lacordaire et
Chapuis, Tome I à XII, complet en 14 vol.
et 13 livraisons de planches noires... 116s.
Ditto ditto coloriées.. : 160s
(Livre indispensable pour un cntomologiste. )

— Orthoptères, par M. Serville, 1 vol. et 1 livr.
deplanches noires one 8s. 6d
Ditto ditto coloriées : 12S.

— Hémiptères, par Mess. Amyot et Serville, 1 vol.
et 1 livr. planches noires 8s. 6d.
Ditto ditto coloriées ... 125.

— Lépidoptères duirnes, par M. Boisduval, Tome 1

avec 2 livr. planches noires 5 Unc OGl,
Ditto ditto coloriées de 17S.
— Lépidoptères nocturnes, par Mess. | Boisduval

et Güenée, Tome I avec une livraison de

planches;s)lome | Viva, X<) avec livre de
planches noires 58s.
Ditto ditto coloriées 655.

— Névropteres, par M. Rambur, I r vol. et 1 livr.
de planches noires 8s. 6d.
Ditto ditto coloriées.. 12S.

— Hyménoptères, 4 vol. et 4 livr. de planches
noires par Mess. de St.Fargeau et Brullé 34s.
Ditto ditto coloriées.. : : 45S

— Diptères, par M. Mac art) 2 do En ve de:
planches noires Le 17S.
Ditto ditto coloriées 28s.

— Aptéres, par MM. Walckenaer et (Genais 4 vol.

et 5 livr. de planches noires. 38s.
Ditto ditto coloriées ... E 32S.

— Crustacés, par Mr. Milne eters 3 vol. et 4
livr. de planches noires 30S.

Ditto ditto coloriées . 40S.

[September 1, 1891

2

vi THE HUMMING BIRD.
Boisduval—Lépidopteres de la Californie, Bruxelles,
TOOQW Or. itn SVOKNy onstue 4s.
Bonaparte—Conspectus generum avium, 185018 57.
2 vol. ne oe 50s.
— nr he and Conte He oi the birds
of Europe and North America, 8vo.. 6s.

Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno Consens
impreso en el idioma Mexicano, por un
Sacerdote devoto de la Madre santissima de
la Luz, etc. Puebla, 1819. 1 Vol., 67 double
pages, one side in Mexican, the other in
Spanish : sf 40S.

Candéze— Histoire des métamorphoses de CC ae
coléopteres exotiques, Liege, 1861, 1 vol.
8vo, 6 planches noires cent 2S 6d.

— Monographie des Elatérides, Liège, oi 1863,
4 vol. in 8vo, 25 pl. noires ... 2 32S.
— Elatérides nouveaux (Complément a la mono-
graphie), Brux. 1864, in 8vo, br. 1s. 6d.

Castelnau et Blanchard—Histoire naturelle des In-
sectes, avec une introduction par Brullé, 3 vol.
in 8v0 .. ; 4905.

Catalogue des Coléoptères d'Europe (extrait du
Généra des Coleoptères d'Europe de Jacquelin
du Val et Fairmaire) vol. in 6 5 BS Gal,

Catalogue of Coleopterous Insects in the collection of
the British Museum, with descriptions of new

species.
— Longicornia, Part I. et IT, pe Adam White,
2 vol. in 8vo ... re Bes 8s.
— Cassididæ, par Boheman, 1 vol. in 8vo.. 5S.
— Cucujide, par J. Ed. Gray 7: OF IS.
— Cleridæ, par Adam White ,, HR 2S OC,
— Passalidæ, Buprestidæ, par Smith, 1 vol.
in 8vo.. da IS,

Chenu—Lecons élémentaires sur l’histoire. naturelle,
Conchyologie, Paris, 1847, 1 vol. gr. in 8vo,
planches coloriées : 20S.

— Manuel de Conchyologie et Paléontologie con-
chyologique contenant la description et la

ésentation d es) GSB illes. | y
LS A Muon een ot Lame ol Gemminger et Harold—Catalogus Coleopterum:—

Paris, 1862, 2 vol. in 4to, planches noires et
coloriées à aos:
— Encyclopédie d histoire naturelle, ou Traité com-

plet de cette science :—Mammiferes, 5 vol. ;
Oiseaux, 6 vol. ; Reptiles et Poissons, 1 vol. :
Coléoptéres, 3 vol.; Lépidoptères, 2 vol. ;
Crustacés, Mollusques, et Zoophytes, 1 vol. ;
Annelés, 1 vol.; Botanique, 2 vol.; Mine-
ralogie, Géologie, Races humaines, 1 vol. Le
tout complet ... Ë A 100$.
chaque volume séparément ... sae 5S;
Crotch—Synopsis coleopterum europe et confinium.
London, 1871, in 8vo ae es 2S,

— Check List of the Coleoptera of Adena north
of Mexico, Salem, Mass., in 8vo_... 6s.
— Catecismo y Declaracion de la Doctrina Chris-
tiana en lengua Otomi, con un Vocabulario
del mismo idioma, por el R. P. Joaquin Lopez
Yepes, Mexico, 1826. 1 Vol. in 4to, 254
pages : 60s.
Degland et CO européenne 2eme édi-
tion, Paris, 1867 vu Re 24S.

Deyrolle, Henri, Description des Buprestides de la
Malaisie, recueillis par Wallace, ae 1 vol.
in 8vo, 4 planches coloriées .. 5 12s,

Diagrams of Natural History, edited by A. “Boucard.
20 sheets, 18-in. by 24-in., comprising 166
Diagrams of Animals and ’ Plants, life size,
beautifully printed in colours, and 37 Natural
specimens of Woods and Minerals, all neatly
mounted on very stout cardboard, the set
complete, with Manual : 40s.

(Quite indispensable for a school. hi

Duponchel—Catalogue méthodique des Lépidoptères
d'Europe, Fort vol. in 8vo, de 523 pages
broché. 6s.

Duponchel et Guénée Iconographie et histoire natu-
relle des chenilles d'Europe, avec 93 magnifi-
ques planches gravées et coloriées, nouvelle
édition, publiée en 4olivraisons à 1f. Les 2 vol.,
reliés maroquin rouge, tranche dorée. 40S.

Entomologist’s Annual as 1891, eee chaque
année . a 5 3S.

(En cours de publication. )

Entomologist’s i ae Magazine, Nos. 1-86, chaque

numéro a IS.
(En cours de publication. )

Etiquettes pour Insectes, Grande
feuille 16X20 contenant 1 "326 étiquettes,
avec le nom de tous les pays explorés par les
voyageurs naturalistes. Chaque feuille est
divisée en cing parties: Europa, Asia, Africa,
America, Australia, etc., et chaque partie est
arrangée par ordre alphabétique. Un espace
blanc a été réservé sur chaque étiquette de
façon à pouvoir y mettre le nom scientifique de
Vespéce, et le nom du collecteur, la feuille... 3d.

(Une grande réduction sera faite aux personnes
gut commanderont plus de 100 feuilles à la fois.)

Felder—Lepidopterologische Fragmente, Wien, 1859,
in 4to, 11 pl. n. ose hs MESSE

Felder G. et R., Diagnoses lepidopterologicæ, Wien,

1 vol. in ’ 8vo, 249 pages 10S.

Vol. 1—Cicindelide,Carabide ... eu ATS!
Vol. 2—Dytiscide Gyrinidæ, Hydrophilide Sta-

phylinidæ a Scaphiidee, inclus... Lass
Vol. 3—Histeridæ à Lucanidæ, inclus ... 7S.
Vol. 4—Scarabæidæ fi ae aes
Vol. 5 — Buprestidæ, Elaterida a Cebrionidæ,

inclus 92:
Vol. 6 — Rhypidoceridæ Malacodermidæ à
Cioidæ, inclus sb

Vol. 7 Tenebrionids: à Oedemeride, inclus 14s.
Vol. 8—Curculionide .... MARGES,
9 — Scolytidæ à Cerambycidæ (Prionini,

Vol.

Cerambycini) DAS
Vol. 10—Cerambycidee Bruchidæ 125.
Vol. 1 1—Chrysomelidæ as 125.

(Cet ouvrage est tout a fait indespensable pour un
entomologiste.)

Grose Smith and Kirby, Rhopalocera exotica, being
illustrations of new, rare, or unfigured species
of Butterflies, } with coloured drawings and
descriptions, i folio, Part 1 to 14 inclusive LA
each, part published at . 7s. 6d.

September 1, 1891]

Godart et Duponchel—Histoire naturelle des Lépi-
doptères, d’Europe, 18 vol. in 8vo, 548 plan-

ches col. £20
Gurney—Catalogue of Raptorial Birds, Parts I. in
8vo . 6s.
Harting—The Birds of Middlesex, 8vo Le Qs.

Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, etc.,
Antonio Solis Brusselas, 1741
1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Engravings and
Maps. Pages 1 to 9 slightly stained... £1o.
Historia General des las Cosas de Nueva Espana, by
Rey. Bernardino de Sahagun, con notas y su-
plementos, por Carlos Maria de Bustamente,
Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in 4to., uncut... £5.
Historia de las Conquistas de Hernando Cortez, por
Francisco Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas
y addiciones, por Carlos Maria de Busta-
mante, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. in ae 315

by Don

A2)
Ibis ae Quarterly Journal | of Ornitholog gy, each
part LE noe 6s.

ÆEn cours de publication. (7 es recommandé. )
Insecta’ saundersiana, Part 1-8, 8vo, sewed, each
part see wee 300 3S.
Ditto ditto. Part ot © aS:
Jacquelin Du Val et Fairmaire. Genera des Coléop-
tères d'Europe, représentant plus de 1,500
types d’aprés nature et coloriés avec le plus
grand soin, 4 vol. cartonnés, 303 pl. col. (mag-
nifique ouvrage) a ee Wee
Jekel—Catalogus Curculionidum, 1 vol. in 12mO0. 2s.
— Insecta Saundersiana Curculionides, Part I. 154
pages .., ae aa at pr 5S.
— Ditto ditto ditto Part II. 225 5S.
Kirby, W. F. — Deep Butterflies and Moths,
1 Vol. + folio, 427 pages, 61 coloured plates.
London, fuse Fe 226:
— Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera 1870, 1 vol.
in 8vo. 690 pages 24S.
Kampuysens Stichtelyke Rymen, by M. “Mathieu,
Rotterdam 1688. r Vol. in @vo., 680 Pp. £1.
Lacordaire (Th.)— Monographie des Coléoptères sub-
pentamères Phytophages, 2 vol. gr in 8vo.
Liège, 1848 20S.
— Généra des Coléoptères, ‘Tome I XII. en 14 vol.

in 8vo. et 13 livr. de planches noires ... £6.
— Coloriées. Ouvrage complet ... as
Latreille—Cours d’entomologie, 1 gros vol. in 8vo.
et un atlas de 24 planches 15S.

Manual of Natural History, with many illustrations,
edited by A. Boucard ; second edition, 1 vol.
in 8vo., London, 1876 Si 4S.

Milne Edwards—Eléments de Zoologie, 2ème édition,

Paris, 1840—1843, 1 vol. in 8vo 16s.
— Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, Paris, 1837—

1840, 3 vol. in 8vo, avec 42 planches 30S.
— Coloriées “5 Had Me 408.
— Zoologie, 1 vol. à +) OS

Mulsant (E. ) — Lettres à Julie sur Pentomologie,
Lyon, 1830, 2 vol. in 8vo. 15 planches
coloriées Be 305.

Mulsant (E.)—Essai d’une classification méthodique
des Trochilidés ou Oiseaux Mouches, 1 vol. in
8vO. 98 p. Et 320 et te 25.

THE HUMMING BIRD. vii

Mulsant et Verreaux.—Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux.
Mouches ou Colibris constituant la famille des
Trochilidés. de AT

Marseuil l’Abeille— Journal @’Entomologie, spéciale

ment consacré aux Coléoptéres, rere Série,
1864—1867, tomes I. à VI ... 75S.
chaque volume séparément ... 15S.
zeme. Série, 1870 15S.

— Catalogus Coleopterum Europe, rvol. in 8vo. 2s.
Murray— On the geographical distribution of Mam-
mals, 103 coloured plates and maps, 1 large
vol. in 4to 506 5, ORs
Nauman A. Nauman’s Naturgeschichte der Vogel
Deutschlands ; 13 vol. in 4°, 391 coloured
plates, a magnificent copy, rare... 525
Pouchet—Zoologie classique, 2 vol. in 8vo, 1,300
pages, atlas de 44 planches et 5 grands tableaux
gravés sur acier, figures noires 208.
Ditto ditto coloriées 25S.
Saunders, E.—Catalogus buprestidarum synonymi-

cus et systematicus. Londres, 1871, vol.
in 8vo.. Fe 8s.
Sclater et Salvin—Nomenclator Avium neotropi-

calum .. fe 16s.
Thomson, T. —Arcana Nature. Grand i in folio, Paris,
1859, pl. noires 40s., coloriées 60s.
— Archives entomologiques ou illustrations d’In

sectes, nouveaux et rares, grand in 8vo,
2 vol., Paris, 1857-1858, pl. noires, 4os.,
coloriées 60s.

— Essai d'une classification de la famille des Céram-
bycides, grand in 8vo, 412 pages, 3 planches,
FANS TWO) age ! 24S.
Thomson, au —Monographie du ipenre | Batocera,
grand i in folio, 3 pl. noires ... 12S.
— Monographie de la famille des Cicindélides, 1857,
grand in 4to, 11 planches noires, 2os.,
coloriées ; 24S.
— Monographie de la famille des Monomides, 1860,
grand in 8vo, avec 3 planches coloriées 12s.
— Monographie de la famille des Nilionides, in 8vo,
4pl.n.. 8s.
— Monographie du genre Spheniscus, g grand in folio,
Zane He 10S.
Tezcoco en los ultimos tiempos ‘de sus antiguos
Reyes. Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos
de Boturini y redactados por el Lic. Mariano
Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. 16mo, 276
pages ... 40S.
Various Calendarios Mess où Bio to 1860, Is.
and 2s. each.
Zoological Report, 8vo, 30s. annually (1864—1891
published) chaque volume 2S.
(Ouvrage indispensable pour un zoologiste.)
Zoological Society of London, Transactions, of pub-
lished in four parts annually (57 vol. published)
each part un-coloured, 3s., coloured

12s.
(Price of each volume sent on application.)
The Naturalist’s Agency will procure to his

Customers all the Scientific Works published in
London at publisher’s prices.

Apply at Naturalist’s Agency, 225, High Holborn,
London, W.C.

Viii THE HUMMING BIRD. | [September x, 1891

BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO.

una le AND FEATHER MERCHANTS,
225, High Holborn, London, W.C., England.
COMMISSION. EXPORTATION.

Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural
History, Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all
orders pinned and set, or in papers ; Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells; Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ;
Crustaceæ and Arachnide in spirit; Ethnological collections from all parts; Showy Bird Skins and
Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists; Mammal Skins for Furriers; Bright species of Insects for
nee Florists ; Rare old Stamps, used and unused ; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, etc.,
etc., etc.

All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottiex
& Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best
prices for them.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. beg to advise Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they
undertake to stuff from a Humming Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices. Only experienced and
scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for that work, which will always be of the best class.

An inspection of their Galleries, where a large number of specimens are always on show, is solicited.

Special fabrication of Mammats and Birps Ess at wholesale prices which defy all competition, either
as quality or price. See special Advertisement.

New Sranps For Birps, suitable for Museums and Scientific Institutions. No one should be without
them. The appearance of the Birds on these stands is unequalled, and everyone should adopt them and
renovate the old ones. See Advertisement.

TO BE LET OR SOLD 2° VILLAS RONDO 25, 27.

Two semi-detached Villas, full south, standing in their own

SEVERAL PROPERTIES ground of 1,000 mètres, situated on the Corso GARABALDI, (the

most pleasant walk of the town) hardly at 10 minutes walk

A "T S AN - REM Oo ‘ from the central part of the town and 15 of the station.

No. 25.— Ground Floor.— Three fine rooms, Kitchen, Office,

The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera, Tic RIRE :
4 First Floor.—Six comfortable rooms.
40 minutes from Monte Carlo. No. 27-—Hixactly the same, more Underground floor with
kitchen and two large rooms. Front and back gardens.
Ji Price for the two villas ... .… ... .… francs 45,000
O Separately.
1 VILLA MARIA LUIGIA. No 25) ge hese ee RC Erancs 255000
A charming residence, standing in its own ground, situated No. 27... ws ss .… se francs 30,000
Corso LEVANTE on one side and the Brace on the other, at LETTING
about 15 minutes’ walk from the centre of the town and 20 No. 25.—Unfurnished : france 1.000
from the station. Splendid view in all directions, beautiful ay ne DE winter season ia 2,000
garden of about 2,000 mètres, in which a large space has been UU ATT AA a FEW ees
laid purposely for lawn tennis and other games. No. 27.—Unfurnished ... ... .- . francs 1,250
Carriage and private entrances. i | Furnished, winter season … — 2.500
Gymnastic, Summer Houses, Aviary, Bathing Cabin, dc. wal summer season ... La 1,250
Excellent water. Separate floors can also be let with or without furniture.

Ground Floor.—Three fine rooms, full south, with 7 bay

he Garden, Kitchen, Offices, Cellar, &c. ee
Fe a me an Eat ees a AY A PIECE OF LAND, about 350 metres,

the north side, all of them communicating. Magnificent for

Receptions, Soirées, &c. Cloak Room. Full south, on the Corso Mzuzzociorno, two minutes from
Second Floor.—Four large rooms, full south, one of them | the station and the port, in the central part of the town.
with dressing-room, three fine rooms on the north side. Cloak | Price LAS | NEN TRA eer Se SO UD
Room. Corridor in the middle. DETTING 2... Mee see few) MN MAI AN CS MS UO
Size of Villa : length 18 metres, width 10 metres.
Price .… .… .…. +. «+ .…. francs 60,000 Exchange could be made for property situated in England.
LETTING. = = ———
Unfurnished coc Bhs 102 TATICE 3,500 For urther in ormation a VA lo—
Furnished, Winter season, 6 months Seana eh aces 2,000 fe ie > APPLY
More the letting of the furniture according to the value of | NT AS BOUCARD,
game required. q
Furnished, Summer season, 3 months. Price to agree. 225, High Holborn, London, W.C.

LONDON : Published by A. BOUCARD, at 225, High Holborn, W.O.; and Printed at J.S. LWVIN’S Printing Works, 75, Leadenhall Street, 8.0.
September 1, 1891.

A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

VOL. 1, NO.10. | October 1, 1891. | PRICE SIXPENCE

Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ; all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.
Li All other countries, 6 shillings.

Re eg

ANY Lo
WA SU
Wis ;
KV RES

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

VR ADORE BOUCARD),

NATURALIST,

Officier d’Académie, 1878; Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;
Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1855;
de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1889;
Member of the International Jury, Paris, 1889 ; Member of many scientific societies;
EE GEC.) SGEC I MERS

CONTENTS OF No. 10.—OCTOBER 1, 1891.

La Vie Champétre—La Destruction de la Larve du Hanneton.
4 Recommendations for the Prevention of Damage by some common insects of
the Farm, the Orchard, and the Garden.
A Visit to the British Museum, Natural History Department.

[ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL. |

il THE HUMMING BIRD.

[October 1, 1891

FOR SALE.—Shells.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.
LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE SHELLS.

Glandinidæ, 1s. each. Helicidæ, 64. each. Bulimidæ
15. each. Achatinidæ, 1s. each. Chlindrellide, 15. 6d.
each. Clausilidæ, 34. each. Ampularidæ, 64. each.
Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclosto-
nidz, 6d. each. Helicinidæ, 3d. each. Unio,
Anodonta, and Ostrea, 64. each.

Marine Shells—A/ the Collection including
Argonyuta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa,
Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra, Conus, Strombus,
Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo,
Venus, Cardium, &c., 6d. each.

Can be divided if required.

All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office.

FOR SALE.

One of the most magnificent Collections of Marine,
Fluviatile and Terrestrial Shells formed during the
last forty years.

It contains 9,761 species by 37,686 specimens, all

of them in the most perfect condition.
Species Specimens.
Marine and Fresh Univalves 5238 2, 214
Bivalve, Marine and Freshwater 1850 5,900
Foreign Land Shells 2673 0,442
European | 950
Rare Shells in glass ‘Cases 80
9,761 37,686

Very nearly all the rare species known are repre-

sented in the Collection and sometimes by several |

specimens.
For further informations and price, app to Mr.
A. Boucard 22 5 Hep Holborn, London, W. C.

TO. ETHNOLOGISTS AND OTHERS.

FOR SALE.
Twenty finely carved Ar: ows and 1 Bow from New Guinea
Price 20s.
African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s.

Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very
nicely carved Price 30s. each.

Pagaie from New Guinea, made of palm tree Price 30s.

Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what
appears to be Musicians, two large figures in the centre and
six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is
quite unique, and no Museum i in the world possesses anything
like it Price £50.

A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central
America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, etc. from 5s.

Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America
from 6d.
Statuettes representing the Indians of Memico and Guatemala
from 3s.
Hats, Baskets, Mat: and various Objects made with palm
leaves and various textile plants, from Pear! America, Mada-
gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.
Samples of Temtile Fibres, Seeds, Bune Resins, Medicina?
Plants, etc. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.
Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from 1s.
Etc., otc., eta.

| Steel Pins for setting butterflies

Priced List of Utensils necessary for
the collecting of Mammals and Birds

Skins, Reptiles, en Insects, Shells.
Bicarbolic Acid .. quart 2/-
Rectified Benzoline BY, se 2/-
Boucard’s Insecticide ... ae Ib. 4/-
Ammonia 4/-

Collecting corked Box. “from 1 ah to 5/- each. .

Pocket corked Box, . from 1/-
Corked Box for Museums pa 24/- doz.
ss » and glazed, splendid make. 26/- "5,

Larger sizes can be supplied.
Botanical box... from a to 6/- each.
Pin box, for 12 grosses of different sizes. 1/6
We with 1000 pins. L 3/-
Sea compass, from aia to 50/-
Collectting bottles with large opening from 6d.
Boucard’s tin collecting box with two partitions 2/-

Straight Scissors from 2/-
Curvedwigie ae: ot aie Ne nile
Taxidermist knifes re
Long Forceps ; AMEN AN MR
Small 3 ae ae “a RU RTE
Insects’ Nippers, de Ma HICKS
Sieve a SAN wey
Blowpipe for cleaning exes ate 2e
Digger ; Lh LN ep ales Senate
Folding ditto . f 6/-

Insect Pins English, French orGermanfroms/6 per 100c
. 1/-to 3/- each

Setting Boards 7
… from 1/6 to 6/-

Butterfly Nets complete

Sweeping and Water Nets 26

Cork in sheets be nd Wa) doz
Magnifying Glasses ... ah eRe Ee tow aye
Hammers SEC ve oy) gL GNOME
Napthaline Nie NUE ner
Botanical Grey paper... ! 6/- ream
Folding Umbrella for collecting Insects ,, Oye

Steel Perforator for making holes ineggs,, 1/-
Cutting pliers Le he i a ay
Flat ss Le wend =
Arsenical Soap
Glass Tubes for small sente and ae. AT toe

Pill boxes for ditto ... Ww a NL TOSS.
Flax de ve ANS TAN dépens
Cotton wading per sheet ES. CG
Fishing rods with accessories from ,, 2/-
Dredge for collecting shells, &c. stole

Taxidermists Case, containing 1 Pair of Scissors

2 Knives, 1 Lime, 1 Grater, 2 Pliers, 1 Ham-

mer, 1 pair of Forceps, 1 Brush, 3 Gimlets,

ELC A Completions a .. from 12/- to 40/-
Shell- -empting with handle … see 1/-

All other Utensils for Naturalists can be had ata
short notice, 225, High Holborn, London, W. C.
by ordering at the NATURALISTS AGENCY.

STANDS, RHW STYLE,
Wholesale Price.

No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per hundred
» 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s. 5
» 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. 5)
» 4 ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small
awks at 328. À
» 5 ,, Small Hawks to Large Hawke
: and Owls at 40s. x

October 1, 1891]

ARTIFICIAL
Wholesale Price.

Black Coloured

HWY ES.

Cornered

Cornered evened

per gross per doz.pairs per doz.pairs
No.lto4 6d. 1s.6d4 No.4to6 3s.6d. As. 6d.
p Bop Sl Qs. 6d. » 7,, 8 5s. 0d. 6s. Od.
» 95,10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. Waitt!) 6s. Od. 8s: Od.
~ hi | BBO, Gis Gel DONS 0 dA 9s. Od.
» 1A Aa wale Wee Oth, sy) alk. | Ss Ol, 10s. Od.

» 13 2s.6d. 10s. 0d. ele Oss Ods 11s. 0d.
doz. of pairs

3 14 0 /3S 0d: 1s: 6d. nl oeelOss Ode 12s. Od.
5, 1 BELG Beh Oils PP AlisOds 13s. Od.
» 16 45.0d. 2s. 6d. » 15 18s: 0d. 15s. 0d.
op A BEE Oth, Mes 100 Larger sizes can be made
» 18 12s.0d. 4s. Od. to order.

Nr. 1 to 4 are gocd for humming birds and others up to
the size of Tanagers.

No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies.

No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls.

No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc.

No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc.

Postage Stamps
FOR SALE.

A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts
of the World. For prices &c. apply to Naturalists Agency,
225, High Holborn, W.C,

THE HUMMING BIRD. ili

WANTED TO BUY.

Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to
which none have been added since the last 20 years.

Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-
ally Colonials and old German states.

Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.

Old unused English and Colonials.

Old works on stamps.

Proofs of stamps. etc. etc.

TO ORNITHOLOGISTS.
FOR SALE.

Fine mounted specimen of Alca smpennis, the Great Auk,
(extinct species). Pedigree from date of capture, 1836, will
be given to buyer.

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of
bird Renhardtia ocellato Bp., the greatest discovery of the

century. Price £50
FOR SALE.
Calypiomena whiteheadi, male, toos. A magnifi-

cent bird, discovered lately by Mr. Whitehead’ in the
interior, of Borneo. Many other species from the
same collector (magnificent skins).
FOR SALE:
A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts
of the world. 2,000 varieties. Fifty years work.
Will be sold at a bargain.

Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili.
most perfect condition.

In the
23 specimens, at 5s. each.

FOR SALE.
Books on Natural History, etc.

Atlas d’Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
les plus connus dessinés d’après nature par
Martinet, Paris, 1784.

t Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition.
Contents: Epitre a Buffon, Tableau général
du classement des Oiseaux divisés d’après
Buffon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou
Familles. 150 splendid coloured plates par
Martinet. Exceedingly rare, perhaps uni-
que. £5°.

Agassiz — Nomenclator Zoologicus, Soloduri, 1842-
1846, gros vol. in 4to. Le a 4OS.

— Nomenciatoris /oologici index universalis Solo-
duri, 1848, in 12mMO ... ; IOS.
— De l'espèce et des classifications en Zoologie,
1 vol. in 8vo. AS.

America, by John Ogilby, “Esq... “London, lah
Grand in folio, 675 pages, 121 splendid
Engravings and Maps. Llo.

Boucard, A. — Catalogius Avium; contenant 2,456
genres et I1,030 espèces, avec une nouvelle
classification systématique. Londres, 1876,
1 vol. in 8vo.. 10S.

— Monographic List of the Genus Plusiotis, with
description of new species. (From the Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society of London),

1874. Brochure in 8vo, avec planche
coloriée a soe say 4S.
— La même, planche noire ae a 2s.

ns

PORTE TPH LEB PPT

— Notes sur les Trochilidés du Mexique (Extrait
des Annales de la Société linnéenne de Lyon),

1 brochure in 8vo, Lyon, 1875 Î IS.
— Notes sur quelques Trochilidés, ditto,
TROT ANNE penn 6 : IS.
— Catalogue des collections | d'Histoire na-
turelle, récoltées au Mexique, par Mr. A.
Boucard, avec le prix de chaque espèce 6d.
— Catalogue de Mammifères, Oiseaux, Reptiles,

Poissons et Coquilles, de la Californie, de la
pue he du Mexique, et de l’Uruguay,

i216) ESPECES, AVEC) PIIX \... 6d.

— Cons de Coléopteres (Carabidæ), et Colé-

optères divers 1,477 espèces, avec prix 6d.
— Catalogue de Coléoptères Héteromères et de
Curculionides, 2,242 especes, avec prix 6d.
— Catalogue d’Oiseaux, Reptiles, et Poissons, 1,157
espèces, AVEC PHx 1). IS.
— Liste de Coléoptères exotiques, 2 636 espèces,
avec prix ja À IS.
— Guide pour collecter, préparer et expédier des
collections d’histoire naturelle abe 6d.
— Le méme en espagnol bee Ae 6d.

British Museum —Catalogue of the specimens
and Drawingsof Mammals, Birds, Reptiles and
Fishes of Nepal and Thibet. Presented by
B. H. Hodgson, Esq , to the British Museum,
by John Edward Gray, second edition. 2s. 3d.

— Report on the Zoological Collections made in
the Indo-Pacific Ocean during the voyage of
H.M.S. Albert 1881-2. Pp. XXV., 684, 54
plates, 1884, 8vo. ... à 305.

— Catalogue of the bones of Mammals in the
Collection of the British Museum, by E.
Gerrard. Pp. IV ; 296, 1862, 8vo. … 5S.

THE HUMMING BIRD.

Catalogue of Monkeys, Lemurs and Fruit-eating
Bats in the Collection of the British Museum
by Dr. J. E. Gray, Fee VIIT. 137, 21 Wood-
cuts. 1870, 8vo. : 4S.

Catalogue of Carnivorous, Pachydermatous and
Edentate Mammalia in the British Museum
by John Edward Gray, FR VII. 398, 47
Woodcuts, 1869, 8vo. ME 2360), Oss @cl.

Hand List of Seals, Nig een Sea Lions and
Sea Bears in the British Museum, by Dy
J. E. Gray, a 43, 30 plates of skulls, 1874,
OFO- 25100:

Catalogue of Sek nel Whales in the British
Museum, by John E. Gray, second edition,

Pp. VII; 402. 101 Woodcuts. 1866. 8vo. 8s, |

Supplement by John E. Gray, Pp. VI. 163.
II Woodcuts. 1871, 8vo. 2s. 6d.
List of the specimens of Cetacea in the Zoo-
logical Department of the British Museum,

by William eae Flower, Pp. IV ; 36. 1885,
8vo. 1s. 6d.
Catalogue of Ramin Magamalis (Pecora

linnœus) in the British Museum, by John
Edward prays iOS WAIUUL. so, 4 plates, 1872,
SO: ieee 3s. 6d.
Hand List of Bele. Thick skinned and
Ruminant Mammals in the British Museum,
by Dr. J. E. Gray. Pp. VII. 176. 42 plates
of skulls, etc. 1872, Svo. 12s.
Catalogue of the Marsupialia and Monotremeta
in the Collection of the British Museum, by
Oldfield Thomas. Pp. XIII. 401, 4 coloured
and 24 plain plates, 1888, &vo 28s
Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum
Vol. 1. (out of print) Accipitres or diurnal
Birds of prey, by R. Bowdler Sharpe, 480

pages. Woodcuts and 14 coloured plates,
(Systematic and Cee à Index). 1874,
8vo. 50s.

Vol. II. (out a eres Sats or Nocturnal
Birds of prey, by R. Bowdler Sharpe. 326
pages, Woodcuts and 14 coloured plates.
1875, 8vo. a, 50s,

Vol LNG Passe nes à or 7 Berenine sie, Colio-
morphæ containing the families, Corvidæ,
Paradiseidæ, Oriolidæ, Dicruridæ ‘and Prion-
opidæ, by R. Bowdler Sharpe, Pp. XIII ; 363.
Woodcuts and 14 coloured plates. 1879, 8vo,

5 17S.

Vol. IV. (Pacccrentebe or Bering Bards! Ciclo-
morphe Part 1 containing the families Campe-
phagidæ and Muscicapidæ, by R. Bowdler
Sharpe, Pp. XVI; 494. Woodcuts and 14
coloured plates, 1879, 8vo. ... LE 205.

Vol. V. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Cichlomorphe : Part II. containing the families
Turdidz (Warblers and Thrushes), by Henry
Seebohm, Pp. XVI; 426. Woodcuts and 18
coloured plates. 1881, 8vo. ...

20S.
Vol. VI. Passeriformes or Perching Birds. |
Ciclomorphe: Part III. containing the first

portion of the family Timelidæ (Babling
Thrushes), by R. Bowdler Sharpe. Pp. XIII ;

[October 1, 1891

Vol.

420. Woodcuts and14 coloured plates 1881
8vo. 20S.
VII. Passeriformes or © Perching Birds
Ciclomorphe : Part IV. containing the conclu-
ding portion of the family Timelidæ, by R.
Bowdler Sharpe Pp. XVI ; 698. Woodcuts and
- 15 coloured plates, 1883, 8vo. 26s.
Vol. VIII. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Cichlomorphe ; Part V. containing the families
Paridæ and Laniidæ (Titmice and Shrikes) and
Certhiomorphe (Creepers and Nuthatches), by
Hans Gadow, Pp. XIII, 386 Woodcuts and
9 coloured plates. 1883, 8vo. aN IV]
Vol. IX. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Cynnirimorphæ, containing the families Nec-
tariniidee and Meliphagidæ (Sun birds and
Honey eaters), by Hans Gadow. Pp. XII, 310.
Woodcuts and 7 col. plates. 1884, 8vo. 14s.
Vol. X. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Fringilliformes ; Part I, containing the fami-
lies Dicaeidæ, Hirundinidæ, Ampelidæ Mnio-
tiltidæ. and Motacillidæ, by R. Bowdler Sharpe,
Pp. XIII, 682. Woodcuts and 12 coloured
plates, 1885, 8vo ; : 2 2S.
Vol. XI. Passeriformes or | Perching Birds.
Fringilliformes: Part II, containing the families
Coerebidæ, Tanagridæ and Icteridæ by Philip
Lutley Sclater, Pp. XVII; 431. Woodcuts
and 18 coloured plates, 1886, 8vo. 20S.
Vol. XII. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Frinigilliformes; Part III; containing the
family Fringillidæ, by R. Bowdler Sharpe Pp.
XV, 871, Woodcuts and 16 coloured plates,
1888, 8vo. 28s.
Vol. XIII. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Sturniformes containing the families Artamidæ.
Sturnidæ, Ploceidæ, and Alaudidæ. Also
the families Atrichiide and Menuridæ,
by R. Bowdler Sharpe, Pp. XVI; 701 Wood-
cuts and 15 coloured plates, 1890. 8vo. ... 28s.
Vol. XIV. Passeriformes or Perching Birds.
Oligomyode or the families Tyrannidæ, Oxyram-
phidæ, Pipridæ, Cotingidæ, Phytotomidæ,
Philepittidæ, Pittidæ, Xenicidæ, and Eurylae-
midæ, by Philip Lutley Sclater, Pp. XIX,
424Woodcuts, and 26 coloured plates. 1888,
SHO.) pan ae 24S.
Vol. XV. Passiformes, or Perching Birds.
Tracheophone : or the families of Deudroco-
laptidæ, Formicariidæ, Conopophagidæ, and
Pteroptochidæ, by Philip Lutley Sclater. Pp.

XVII. ; 371. Woodcuts and 20 coloured
plates. 1890, 8vo : 208.
Vol. XVIII. Picariæ Scarsares. containing the

family of Picidæ, by Edward Hargitt. Pp.
XV., 527. Woodcuts and 15 coloured plates,
1890, SVONE 26s.
Vol. XIX. Picariæ, Scansores and Coceyges,
containing the families Ramphastidæ Gal-
bulidae and Bucconidæ, by Fhilip Lutley
Sclater and the families Indicatoridæ, Capi-
tonidæ, Cuculidæ, and Musophagidæ, by G.E.
Shelley. 484 pages. Woodcuts and 13 coloured
plates, 1891, 8vo 25S.

— Catalogue of the Tortoises, Crocodiles and

Amphisbænians in the Collection of the British

October 1, 1891]

Œbe Hamming Bro.

La Vie Champétre.
from The Petit Journal, 26th July, 1891.

LA DESTRUCTION DE LA LARVE DU HANNETON.

Tous les insectes de la création (et il y en a prés de
300,000 espéces) sont actuellement dans la jubilation ;
ils ont chaud et trouvent des victuailles en abon-
dance.

Malheureusement ces victuailles,
récoltes qu'ils dévorent à belles dents !

Mais ils ne jubileront pas toujours. Les vers blancs
surtout! On ne parle actuellement, en effet, dans le
monde agricole, que de l’étonnante découverte de M.
Léopold Le Moult, relative à la destruction radicale
des larves du hanneton.

On sait que ces larves éclosent en juillet, passent
trois ans dans le sol 4 ronger les racines des arbustes
et des plantes et causent a l’agriculture des dégâts in-
calculables.

Or M. Léopold Le Moult, conducteur des ponts et
chaussées a Gorron (Mayenne), s'inspirant des dé-
couvertes de M. Pasteur et des expériences récentes
de deux savants russes, a conçu l’idée de commu-
niquer aux vers blancs une maladie contagieuse
analogue à la muscardine des vers à soie.

Il prend quelques larves malades, momifiées par
une sorte de moisissure produite par un champignon
. microscopique, et les enterre dans un champ, auprès
de vers sains. La contagion se propage et tous les
vers du champ se trouvent atteints de la même ma-
ladie.

C’est l’année derrière que M. Le Moult a com-
mencé ses expériences et j’en ai alors entretenu mes
lecteurs.

Cette année, dès le mois de mars, il a pu suivre le
développement du champignon parasite sur les vers
malades.

Dès les premiers jours d’avril, les moisissures com-
mençaient à devenir abondantes puis vers les derniers
jours du mois, autour de chaque ver, la terre était
traversée de nombreux filaments dont quelques-uns
étaient couverts d’une matière farineuse qui, examinée
au microscope, lui a paru composée de spores
(semences) de champignons.

Pendant que M. Le Moult faisait en petit des
essais d’infestation, la nature opérait de son côté,
mais bien plus rapidement et bien plus efficacement
qu'il ne pouvait le faire, le vent se chargeant de
transporter les spores dans toutes les directions.

“Comme nous assistions, dit-il, aux labours faits
dans un champ distant de 140 mètres de la prairie
où nous avions découvert la maladie, quelle n’a pas
été notre surprise de voir la charrue ramener à la
surface un nombre considérable de vers momifiés, à
tel point que la terre paraissait avoir été récemment
chaulée! Or ce champ ne contenait au mois de
novembre que des vers absolument sains.

ce sont nos

THE HUMMING BIRD. 75

“Les fouilles que nous avons faites dans la
prairie ont donc seules pu occasionner une aussi
rapide propagation de la maladie, ces travaux ayant
eu pour effet de découvrir les spores que le vent a
certainement emportées en nombre trés considérable
et à des distances probablement très grandes.

“Plus tard, en effet, nous avons constaté l’infesta-
tion plus ou moins avancée de champs reconnus
autrefois comme ne renfermant que des vers sains.”

Toutefois, ajoute M. Le Moult, l'action de la
nature, si rapide qu’elle soit, ne l’est pas assez pour
«débarrasser à bref délai l’agriculture française de ce
terrible fléau et on doit l'aider dans son action, non
seulement en transportant d'un terrain dans un autre
des vers momifiés, mais surtout en produisant
artificiellement et en grandes quantités les spores du
champignon destructeur de façon à pouvoir les
expédier dans toute la France.

I] faut souvent se défier de l'enthousiasme des
inventeurs, car ils voient tout en beau ; mais voici les
observations plus calmes du professeur d'agriculture
de la Mayenne, M. Leizour qui confirment complète-
ment les étonnants résultats obtenus par M. Le Moult.

M. Leizour, dans un récent rapport, vient de si-
gnaler la disparition presque totale du ver blanc dans
l'arrondissement de Mayenne, sous l’influence du cham-
pignon découvert par M. Le Moult.

“Nous touchons, dit-il, enfin a la destruction com-
plete de ces larves qui, äepuis si longtemps, désolaient
les cultivateurs.

‘ L'œuvre est à peu près accomplie dans tout l’ar-
rondissement de Mayenne, que nous avons récemment
parcouru et sur les divers points duquel nous avons
eu la satisfaction de constater, en même temps que la
présence du champignon destructeur, l’arrêt complet
des ravages occasionnés par la larve du hanneton.”

Partout cette larve travaillait encore activement il
ny a pas plus de trois semaines, et beaucoup de
champs d’orge et de sarrasin ont eu à en souffrir ; puis
tout à coup on a vu les récoltes atteintes reverdir ; les
vers avaient disparu comme par enchantement ! Cette
disparition, attribuée d’abord a une descente pro-
voquée par les pluies et l’abaissement très grand de la
température du mois dernier, n'a été, au contraire,
que la conséquence de la dissémination du champi-
gnon parasite et de la contamination des insectes.

On les trouve aujourd’hui à des profondeurs vari-
ables, morts et entourés de la moisissure caractéri-
stique ou mourants et présentant tous les caractères
des vers atteints par le bienheureux champignon.

Des essais exécutés en pleine terre à la fin de juin
permettent d'affirmer qu'il suffit d'introduire quelques
larves malades dans les champs infestés du ver blanc,
en ayant soin de les mettre en contact immédiat avec
quelques vers sains pour obtenir rapidement la destruc-
tion de tous ceux qui existent dans le champ.

On voit que la portée de cette découverte est con-
sidérable. Le grand avantage de ce procédé c’est
qu'il pourra peut-être s'appliquer à une foule d autres
insectes qui causent également de grands ravages dans
nos récoltes.

D’après un rapport présenté au Sénat les dégâts
causés par les insectes s'élèvent en France à plus de
300 millions de francs. Et tout le monde sait
qu'avant de se séparer, les Chambres ont été obligées

76 THE HUMMING BIRD.

de voter un nouveau crédit de 1,500,000 francs pour
combattre les sauterelles d’Algérie.

Cette multiplication effrayante des insectes de toute
nature vient surtout de l’aveuglement avec lequel on
laisse détruire dans nos campagnes les petits oiseaux
insectivores, qui seraient pour nous des auxiliaires
bien précieux.

Malheureusement, ces petits oiseaux sont excellents
à manger. Alors le ventre avant tout! Et on les
mange.

Un de nos confrères, M. Mégnien, attribuait récem-
ment à la destruction insensée du gibier et surtout
des cailles d'Afrique, la recrudescence du fléau des
sauterel'es.

Une caille consomme, dit-il, de 50 à 60 grammes
de nourriture par jour. Des criquets qui viennent de
naître sont du volume d’un grain de chènevis, et il en
faut une vingtaine pour faire un gramme; c’est donc
un millier de ces insectes qu'une caille détruit dans sa
journée ; et de 20 à 25,000 pendant la période où le
criquet est assez petit pour être absorbé par l'oiseau.
Les chasseurs tunisiens qui pour satisfaire la cupidité
des marchands de volailles ont embarqué le 8 mai
50,000 cailles pour la France, ont donc empêché
Vanéantissement de 150 millions de criquets.

En France, la destruction des petits oiseaux est
encore plus acharnée, si c’est possible, et l’on ue peut
ouvrir un journal d’agriculture sans y trouver des
détails navrants à ce sujet.

Voici entre autres, un mode de destruction très
pratiqué en Provence, destruction autorisée méme
sans permis, sous le fallacieux prétexte que c’est un
gagne-pain indispensable pour les localités où on la
pratique, et cette sorte de chasse ne s’adresse qu’a
des oiseaux insectivores, c’est-à-dire à des petits
oiseaux a becs fins.

Je veux parler de la chasse avec des pièges en
laiton système des anciennes ratières à ressort. Sur
le littoral même et dans l’intérieur des terres, les
habitants ont des centaines de ces pièges qu'ils
amorcent avec des vers ou des fourmis ailées (arudes
en provençal) et les pièges sont tendus plusieurs fois
dans les jours de passage ; c’est-à-dire que c’est par
milliers que ces petits oiseaux sont détruits.

Une guerre d’extermination semblable est pra-
tiquée au printemps le long des ruisseaux et on détruit
ainsi avant la chasse des nichées tout entières. Plus
tard c’est aux rossignols, puis aux rouges-gorges qu’on
s’en prend ; et il en échappe fort peu.

Tout cela est profondément regrettable. Il serait
bien temps de nous montrer un peu plus intelligents
et de faire cesser de tels abus.

UN RURAL.

I agree entirely with the author of the preceeding
article, and I will never cease to repeat, that it is quite
time that something should be done by ALL GOVERN-
MENTS for the protection of the songsters, thrushes,
etc., which are the most useful auxilliaries of agricul-
turists.

What he says about France can be applied as well
to all Europe. When residing in Italy, I was offered
nearly every day, during the season, strings of
warblers, redbreasts, and allied species of .songsters,
at halfpenny a piece ; and this was done in countries

[October 1, 1891

where those birds are badly wanted for the destruction
of several insects, which cause great havoc in the
olive-tree plantations. I called the attention of the
authorities to the subject, and I believe that a
short time after, a law was edicted about it; but I
do not know with what effect.

What he says about the destruction of the larve
of the Maybug (JZelolontha vulgaris) is also very
interesting, and it is possible that a judicious
employment of the infested larvz will be the means
of destroying partially or completely the injurious
insects.

It is the same procedure employed by Mr.
Brongniart and others against the locusts, all of
them inspired by the discoveries of the celebrated

“and well known PASTEUR.

THE EDITOR.

Recommendations for the Prevention of
Damage by some Common Insect of
the Farm, the Orchard, and the Garden.

By JAMES FLETCHER,

Entomologist and Botanist to Dominion Experimental
Farms, Ottawa, Canada.
SS

(Continued from page 73-)

INSECTS INJURIOUS TO GRAIN AND
FORAGE CROPS.

1. THE AMERICAN Frit FLY. (Oscinis vartabihs,
Loew).—This is an insect which has only been
recently noticed as a serious crop pest. Its life
history has not yet been carefully worked out; but it
seems to be very similar to those of the Hessian fly
and Wheat-stem Maggot. It is known that as a small
yellowish-white maggot, one-twelfth of an inch in
length, it attacks severely spring wheat and many
grasses at the base of the stem, just beneath the sur-
face of the ground, and also that it passes the winter
in the same situation upon winter wheat and grasses,
and may be found in the spring as a pale brown pupa
one-tweltth of an inch in length.

Remedies.—Until more is known definitely about
the number of broods there are of this insect during
the year, I would suggest the following: (i) Late
sowing of winter-wheat; (ii) Harrowing of stubble
soon after the crop is carried, so as to start the volun-
teer crop quickly, this latter to be ploughed in early
in September; (iii) The application of a special
fertilizer as a top-dressing when winter wheat is known
to be attacked. This will help the injured plants
to overcome the injury.

2. GLOVER-SEED MipGE (Cectdomyia leguminicola,
Lintner).—The heavy loss from this insect in the
clover-seed districts has awakened farmers to the
necessity of practising the simple remedy advised by
entomologists. This consists of feeding off or cut-
ting clover before the end of June when the larva of
the first brood matures and leaves the clover head

October 1, 1891]

to enter the ground and complete its changes. The
perfect insects, forming the second brood, emerge
from the ground just as the second crop of clover is
coming into flower, and the females lay their eggs
amongst the forming blossoms. From these eggs
hatch minute, pink, legless maggots, which penetrate
the pod and destroy the seed. About the time the
seed is ripe they leave the clover and enter the ground,
to pass the winter and emerge again the next spring
just at the same time the clover comes into flower.

3. Hessian Fry (Cectdomyta destructor, Say).—
Two or three small whitish maggots embedded in the
crown of winter wheat, or, in summer, just above the
first or second joint. When full grown these maggots
harden and turn brown, when they resemble small
flax seeds. These change to small smoky-winged
gnats, which appear in spring and autumn. The vast
losses due to this insect are too well known to farmers,
and even then there is no doubt that only a small
proportion of the damage is recognised as caused by it.

Remedies.—(i.) Delay sowing winter wheat until
after the third week in September, so that it does not
come up until after the last brood of the Hessian Fly
has disappeared; (ii.) Burn all rubbish from the
threshing machine : in this way many of the flax seeds
or pupæ will be destroyed as well as many weed seeds;
(iii) Harrow the stubble directly the crop is carried,
so as to start a volunteer crop for the flies to lay their
eggs upon—this latter to be ploughed in early in
September ; (iv.) Apply special fertilizers in spring to
help a weak or injured crop to overcome the injury.

4. THE Pea WEEVIL (Bruchus pisi, L.)—A small,
brownish-grey, very active beetle, 4 inch long, with
two conspicuous black spots on the end of the body,
which emerges from seed pease in autumn or in spring,
leaving a small round hole. The egg is laid on the
young pod and the grub eats its way into the pea,
where it passes all its stages, emerging the same
autumn or the following spring.

Remedies.—(i). Clean seed. Of great importance
is Sowing uninfested seed. When weevily pease are
sown as seed the beetles emerge soon afterwards, and
remain about the fields feeding on the plants until the
young pods are formed. It is sometimes alleged that
weevily pease are almost as good for seed as sound
grain, and that the insect will not thrive in the colder
parts of Canada. The use of weevily pease as seed
is a great mistake, the germ of a very large proportion
being, as a rule, destroyed, and those, which do ger-
minate producing weak plants. Although I have
found that extreme cold (below 15° below zero, Fah.)
certainly killed the weevils in two samples of pease, it
would be a most unjustifiable experiment to introduce
infested seed into a district, trusting to the climate to
destroy the weevils. In addition to this, the crop
grown the first year from the infested seed would
certainly be much injured.

(ii.) Bisulphide of Carbon.—When seed is known
to be infested there are several ways of destroying the
contained insects. The remedy most widely used
by seedsmen, who have all the conveniences, is to
place the seed to be treated in some close vessel and
subject it to the vapour of bisulphide of carbon. This
chemical vaporises when exposed to the air, and the
vapour is so much heavier than air that it will run

THE HUMMING BIRD. 77

down through the mass of any seed upon the top of
which it has been placed, and will destroy all contai-
ned insects. The quantity required is small, + lb.
being enough to disinfect 3 cwt. of pease. The
method of using it is to place the grain in a perfectly
tight bin or barrel, and then pour some of the bisul-
phide into a shallow vessel and place it on the top,

put on the cover and keep it tightly closed for

forty-eight hours. The bisulphide does not injure
the seed in any way, but it must be used with care,
on account of its extreme inflammability. The seed
must be emptied out, out of doors, and no light
must be brought near it or an explosion will occur.

(iii.) Warm Storage.—If seed pease are stored in a
warm room, in bags of canvas or strong paper,
during the winter the weevils will emerge and die
before the seed is required for sowing.

(iv.) Holding over Seed.—Pease çan be held over
until the second year after harvesting without injury,
and the defective skin can be sorted out before
sowing.

(v.) Soaking.—If seed be found to contain weevils
at the time of sowing, and it is inconvenient to hold
it over, the weevils can be drowned by placing the
seed in soak for twelve hours before sowing. It
must, however, be sown or dried at once, when taken
out of the water.

5. WHEAT Mince, “Weevil” (Diplosis ¢tritict,
Kirby).—Several small reddish maggots, + inch long,
crowding around the grains of wheat in the ear and
causing them to shrivel. Some of these, when full
grown, fall to the ground and pass the winter beneath
the surface. Others remain in the ears of wheat and
are harvested with the. grain,

Remedies.—(i.) Burn all rubbish and screenings
from the threshing machine, particularly in localities
where the midge is prevalent. (i.) Deep ploughing
as soon as the crop is carried.

WHEAT-STEM Maccor (Meromysa Americana,
Fitch).—A glassy-green, slender maggot, + inch long,
which attacks the base of the top joint of barley and
wheat, causing the ear to turn white before the rest of
the crop is ripe, also occurring in the root-shoots of
winter wheat and rye and many grasses, where it passes
the winter, to emerge the following spring as an
active, yellowish-green fly, + inch long, with shining
green eyes and three dark stripes down the back.

Remedies.—The same as recommended for No. 1,
the American Frit-Fly.

INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FRUITS.

7. APPLE APHIS (Aphis mali, Fabr.)—During the
winter, small, shining black eggs may be found upon
the twigsof apple trees. From these eggs, early in
spring, emerge green plant-lice, which attack the
leaves.

Remedy.—Spray the trees, just before the buds
burst, with kerosene emulsion. (Remedy II.)

APPLE WorM.—Sce CopLinc Morn.

8. BEAUTIFUL Woop NymPx (Æwdryas grata,
Fabr).—On grape vines may be found, in the month
of August, highly coloured caterpillars with the body
blue, ringed with orange bands and fine black lines,
head orange and the whole body dotted with black

78 ‘THE HUMMING BIRD.

tubercles. These drop to the ground when full
grown and turn to rough brown pupz beneath
rubbish or near the surface of the ground. In the
following spring the beautiful moth appears. The
upper wings are creamy-white and seal-brown; the
under wings, deep yellow, bordered with deep
brown.

Remedy.—Hand-picking is usually practicable.
Where very numerous, spraying with white hellebore
or Paris green may be used. (Remedies I. and III.)

Borers (APPLE)—See Nos. 12 and 25.

9. CANKER-WoRMS (Axntsopteryx vernata, Peck,
and A. pometararia, Harris).—There are two kinds of
caterpillars which attack apple trees, and which are
known as Canker-worms. Of one, the Spring
Canker-worm, the wingless female moths appear
chiefly in the spring and lay oval pearly-white eggs in
irregular masses beneath flakes of bark, etc. Of the
other, the Autumn Canker-worm, most of the moths
appear late in the season and lay eggs which are
flattened at the top and laid regularly in clusters of
about 100 or more on the outside of the bark. When
full-grown the caterpillars of both are much alike, and
are brownish-looking larvæ, about an inch in length.
The females of both kinds are spider-like, wingless
creatures; but the males are delicate moths, with
gauzy gray wings.

Remedy.—There are several mechanical con-
trivances for keeping the females from ascending the
trees to lay their eggs; but none of these can com-
pare for efficacy with spraying the trees in the spring
time with Paris green, r pound to 200 gallons of
water. If this be done immediately after the flowers
have fallen both the Canker-worm and other leaf-
eating insects, as well as the Codling Moth, will be
killed at the same time.

CHERRY SLUG.—See PEAR-TREE SLUG.

10. CODLING MOTH.—(Carpocapsa pomonella, L.)
—This is the destructive Apple-worm so well known
to all growers and consumers of apples all over the
world. The best remedy is spraying the trees once,
immediately after the blossoms fall, with Paris green,
at the rate of 1 pound to 200 gallons of water.

CURRANT-WORM, GOOSEBERRY-WorRM. See
PORTED CURRANT SAW-FLy.

11. Fatt WeEs-Worm (//ypantria cunea, Drury).—
The unsightly webs made by colonies of this insect at
the tops of branches upon fruit and shade-trees in
the autumn are well known to everyone.

Remedies —The eggs are laid by the female moth
during June, and the webs are generally noticeable
in July. From the habit these caterpillars have of
always remaining inside the web until a short time
before they change to pups, an easy way of dealing
with this pest is to cut off the web and deëtroy the
contained caterpillars by crushing them under foot.
If not attended to before they leave the web, of
course, spraying the trees with Paris green will
destroy this as well as all other leaf-eating insects.

12. FLAT-HEADED APPLE-TREE Borer (Chryso-
bothris femorata. Fab.).—During June and July very
active bronze beetles, about half an inch in length,
may be found laying eggs upon the trunks and large
limbs of apple, mountain ash and other trees. These
eggs soon hatch into the curious flait-headed or horse-

Im-

[October 1, 1891

shoe-nail shaped grubs. These, after a time, eat into
the trunk and bore broad and flat tunnels, which
seriously injure the tree.

Remedy.—Undoubtedly the best remedy for this
and all other borers which, as a rule, confine their
depredations to a certain part of a tree is of a
preventive nature, and consists of applying an
alkaline or poisonous wash to the trees just before
the time the eggs are usually laid. For this purpose
Remedy V. or VI. should be applied in the beginning
and at the end of June.

13. GRAPE-VINE FLEA-BEETLE (Graptodera chaly-
dea, Illig).—At the time grape-vines are beginning to
expand their buds a blue-black flea-beetle, + inch
long, is sometimes very abundant and injurious from
destroying the buds and undeveloped flower-bunches.

Remedies.—Spraying the vines with Paris green,
4 lb. to 50 gallons of water, at the time the beetles
appear, and clean culture in the autumn, by which all
leaves and rubbish are destroyed, amongst which the
mature beetles would pass the winter, are the best
remedies.

14. GRAPE-VINE LEAF-HOPPER (Æyryfhroneura
vitis, Harris).—This insect, generally known by the
misleading name of ‘‘Thrip,” is one of the worst
enemies of the grape and ornamental Virginian
creeper. Like the last-mentioned insect, it passes
the winter in the perfect form beneath rubbish and
clods of earth. Clean culture is therefore beneficial.
When the insect is abundant its presence is indicated
by the white and blotched appearance of the leaves.
The most successful treatment is to syringe the vines,
as soon as the leaf-hoppers are observed, with kerosine
emulsion. (Remedy II.)

15. IMPORTED CURRANT-BORER (/Ægeria tipuli-
Jormis, L).—Early in June a beautiful little fly-like
moth, with three bright yellow bands round the
body, may be seen darting about among currant
bushes. This is one of the most troublesome
enemies of the different kinds of currants. In my
experience it has been far more injurious to black
currants ; but in some other parts of Canada it more
generally affects the red and white varieties. The
eggs are laid at a bud on the young wood, and the
caterpillar when hatched eats its way into the cane
and destroys the pith. It remains in the wood during
the winter, and emerges the next June.

Remedy.—The only remedy is close pruning, and
whenever a hollow cane is detected in pruning, the
caterpillar must be hunted out and destroyed. Indi-
cations of the presence of the borer must also be
looked for about the time the flowers are opening,
when the leaves of unhealthy shoots have a less
healthy appearance.

16. IMPORTED CURRANT SAW-FLY (lVematus ribesit,
Scop.).—Of all enemies to small fruits, there is not one
perhaps which is more persistent than this insect.
Soon after the leaves expand, early in May, the per-
fect insects, which are a little larger than a house-fly,
may be seen flying about beneath gooseberry and
currant bushes. The eggs are laid in regular rows
along the ribs beneath the lower leaves, and soon the
well-known ‘Currant-worms ” make their appearance.

Remedies.—There are at least two broods in the
season. The caterpillars of the first of these appear

October 1, 1891]

in May, and for this first brood only a weak mixture of
Paris green (+ oz. to a pailful of water is sufficient)
may be sprayed on the bushes, or a dry mixture of
I oz. of Paris green to 6 lbs. flour, well mixed to-
gether, may be dusted over the bushes after a shower,
or when damp with dew. For the second brood of
caterpillars, which appears just before the fruit ripens,
Paris green must on no account be used, owing to its
poisonous nature; but instead of it white hellebore,
dusted on dry or in water, 1 ox. toa pailful of water.

17. OYSTER-SHELL Bark - LousE (Mytilaspis
pomorum, Bouché).— Some might not at first
recognise as insects the little roughnesses on the bark
of apple trees. Such however they are, and extremeiy
injurious insects too. Their life history is peculiar.
About the 1st June minute white mite-like insects,
with six legs, emerge from beneath the scales on the
bark and for two or three days run about seeking for
a suitable place to attach themselves. They then
pierce the young bark with their beaks and live on
the sap of the tree. They never move from that
place again. The waxy scale is gradually secreted,
and by August the insect has transformed itself into a
scale covering a cluster of eggs. These remain un-
changed through the winter, and the young do not
hatch again until the next June.

Remedies.—This insect, like many others, thrives
most on unhealthy trees. When detected, therefore,
measures should be adopted for inducing a vigorous
growth, as well as for the removal of the scale insects.
Spraying just before the buds open with kerosene
emulsion (Remedy IL.) will destroy many of the
scales—and again at the time the young lice are
active, for at this time they are most susceptible to
injury. Scrubbing the trunks and branches of young
trees with alkaline washes (Remedy V. and VI.) during
the winter or early in spring will also keep down the
numbers of this pernicious insect.

18. PEAR-TREE SLUG (Selandria cerasi, Peck).—
In June and August slimy greenish-brown slug-like
caterpillars, + inch long, occur on the leaves of pear
and cherry trees, feeding on the upper surface.

Remedies.—'The same as for No. 16.

19. PLUM CuRCULIO (Conotrachelus nenuphar,
Herbst.)—There is perhaps no insect so well known
by name as the Plum Curculio. The perfect insect
belongs to the family known as snout-beetles, from the
shape of the head, which is elongated into a beak. It
isa small, rough, grayish beetle about + inch long.
The females lay their eggs in the young fruit of
plums and cherries, frequently destroying the whole
crop.

Remedies. —The beetles are sluggish in the early
morning, and drop from the trees if a sudden jar be
given to the trunk. For this purpose a metal spike
is driven into the trunk, which is struck sharply with
an iron hammer. This gives the sharp jar necessary
to dislodge beetles which fall on sheets or into
receptacles placed beneath the trees. They are then
collected and destroyed. —

Of late years abundant evidence has proved the
efficacy of spraying the trees, as soon as the fruit has
formed, with Paris green, 1 pound to 200 gallons of
water, and ten days afterwards a second time with a
weaker mixture, 1 pound to 300 gallons. Should

THE HUMMING BIRD. 79

heavy rains occur immediately after these sprayings
they must be repeated.

20. RASPBERRY BORER (Oberea bimaculata, Oliv).
—Towards the end of June the tips of the young
shoots of raspberries may frequently be seen to fade
and droop. If these be examined there will be found,
at the base of the faded portion, two rows of punctures
half an inch apart, and between them a small hole
leading into the heart of the cane, where one large
yellow egg lies embedded. After a few days this egg
hatches, and the young grub eats its way down the
centre of the stem towards the root. It becomes full
grown about August, when it is about $ inch long.
The perfect insect emerges the next June as a narrow
black beetle, with long feelers, and the thorax or
middle portion of the body yellow, and bearing
three black spots. It also attacks the blackberry.

Remedy.—This is simple, but requires prompt
action. ‘The faded shoots are quite conspicuous, and
when seen should at once be picked off. They
separate from the cane with a light touch, and when
removed the girdled portion should be examined, to
see that the grub has not hatched and bored down
into the stem.

21. RASPRERRY-CANE Maccot (Axthomya ?).—
There is another pest which affects the young wood
of raspberries similarly ; but does not produce the
two rings of punctures. This is the maggot of a
small black fly which lays a single egg in the axil of
one of the upper leaves. The young maggot bores
down the stem until full grown, and then changes toa
brown puparium inside the stem.

Remedy.—After a time the young cane turns black
at the tip and must be cut down as soon as seen.
This is a more injurious pest than the last, where it
occurs, because it burrows further down the stem
before the indications of its presence are visible.

22. RASPBERRY SAW-FLY (Se/andria rubi, Harris).
— About the time raspberries are in flower the leaves
are noticed to be riddled with small holes. On
examination this will be found to be the work of a
green, bristly caterpillar. From the close resemblance
in colour to the leaves on which they feed, these
caterpillars are seldom recognized as the cause of the
injury. They disappear from the canes before July,
and form oval cocoons beneath the ground. From
these the perfect insect, a small, dark, four-winged
fly, + inch long, appears the next May.

Remedy.—Sprinkle the foliage as soon as the cater-
pillar’s work is detected with white hellebore, rt oz. in
a pailful of water.

23. RASPBERRY PLUME-MOTH. (Oxyftilus nigro-
ciliatus, Zeller).—In June another small caterpillar,
somewhat like the last, but with finer bristles and of
a paler green colour, may be found injuring the foliage
in a very similar manner to the last. This, however,
turns to a very beautiful little moth, bronze, dotted
with silvery white, which may be found flying about
the canes in July.

Remedy.—The same as for No. 22.

24. RED-HUMPED CATERPILLAR OF THE APPLE
( Oedemasia concinna, Sm. Ab.).—Late in summer large
clusters of voracious waxy-looking, yellow, white and
black caterpillars, with their heads and a hump on the
fourth ring of the body of a bright red, are sometimes

80 THE HUMMING BIRD.

found on young apple trees, to which, unless they are
removed, they are very destructive. Late in autumn
they leave the trees and spin close but thin cocoons
amongst fallen leaves. The caterpillars remain in
these unchanged until the next spring, and the small
brown moths emerge during June and July.

Remedy.—These catterpillars are nearly always
found on young apple trees within reach from the
ground. When this is the case the branch can be cut
off and the caterpillars crushed under foot. When too
high up for this a spraying with Paris green Hour
dispose of them.

25. ROUND-HEADED APPLE TREE BORER (Saperda
candida, Fab.).—This borer nearly always works near
the base of the tree it infests. The grub is much
thicker than that of the flat-headed borer, and takes
three years, instead of one, to complete its changes.
The beetle is pale-brown with two white stripes down
the body. It is shaped somewhat like No. 15, but is
stouter and about # of an inch long.

Remedies.—During the first year the grub lives
just beneath the bark in the sap wood, hollowing out
a chamber about an inch or more in diameter. The
bark becomes discoloured in a characteristic way
which is soon recognised. It is also betrayed to the
experienced eye by the castings which it pushes out of
its burrows. By cutting through the bark the grub
can be destroyed. If it has penetrated into the wood
it can be killed with a piece of stout wire.

The best remedy, is undoubtedly, a regular treat-
ment every June with deterrent washes. See
Remedies V. and VI.

26. TENT CATERPILLARS (Clisiocampa Americana,
Harris, and C. disstria, Hubn.).—The caterpillars,
which make the large, unsightly webs too often seen
in the forks of branches of fruit and shade trees, hatch
in May from rings of eggs which have been on the
twigs of the trees all through the winter. They grow
rapidly, and the perfect insect, an active brown moth,
with two white bands across the wings, comes out in
July. These insects are so well known that further
description is unnecessary.

Remedies.—Where apple trees are sprayed for
coddling moth these caterpillars will also be des-
troyed. Hand-picking of the eggs in winter, and
cutting off the webs when first formed in May, and
when, owing to the sparseness of the foliage, they are
very conspicuous, are both practical remedies.

INSECTS INJURIOUS TO ROOTS AND
VEGETABLES.

27. CABBAGE ApuHis (Aphis brassice, L.).—Grey
plant-lice are frequently very troublesome during the
summer on cabbages, and in August and September
on smooth-leaved turnips.

Remedies.—(i.) In years of only moderate attack
good results have been obtained by picking off the
first clusters of plant-lice by hand and destroying
them.

(ii.) The most satisfactory treatment, however, was
upon a crop of heavily infested Swedish turnips with
kerosene emulsion. This must be applied by means
of a force-pump. and spray-nozzle, so set that the

[October x, 4891

spray may be thrown under the leaves where the
plant-licé congregate.

(iii.) Prof. J. B. Smith recommends very highly
whale-oil soap, 1 lb. to 8 gallons of water for all
plant-lice.

28. CABBAGE Maccot (Anthomyia brassicæ,
Bouché).—From one to many white maggots attack
the roots of young cabbages as soon as pricked out.
These are produced from eggs laid by small gray
flies, one-third smaller than house flies.

Remedies.—(1.) White hellebore, 2 oz. in a pailfül
of water, or (ii.) kerosene emulsion (Rémedies IT. and
III.), syringed around the roots, and the earth kept
well hoed up to the collar, have proved useful
remedies; (ili.) Nitrate of soda, 1 tablespoonful
around each plant, is highly recommended.

CABBAGE WorM.— See Imported Cabbage Butter-
fly.

29. CoLoRADO Potato BEETLE (Doryphora
to-Zineata, Say).—In reply to frequent enquiries, I
would state that for this insect no remedy can com-
pare with Paris green, 1 lb. to 160 gallons of water
(=1 oz. to 10 gallons). It is at once the cheapest
and easiest applied remedy known.

30. CUCUMBER FLEA-BEETLE (£pitvix cucumeris,
Harris).— Very small black flea-beetles, with yellowish
legs and feelers and covered with short, silky
pubescence which eat a great many small holes in the
leaves of cucumbers, potatoes, etc., etc.

Remedies.—These can be easily controlled by
dusting Paris green and flour, 1 part to 50 of the
diluent (Remedy I), over the plants when the dew is
on them.

31. Cur-worms (Voctuide).—These troublesome
pests, which are doubtless the cause of more. loss
to farmers in the spring months than any other
insects, are the caterpillars of a number of different
dull-coloured moths which fly at night. The worms
are smooth greasy-looking dark caterpillars, ranging
from about 4 an inch to 2 inches in length at the
time they injure crops. ‘Chey feed at night and hide
during the day time. The eggs of most species are
laid in autumn, and the young caterpillars make
about a quarter of their growth before winter sets in.
They pass the winter in a torpid condition, and are
ready in spring to attack the young crops as soon as
they come up. The full growth of most species is
completed by the first week in July, when the cater-
pillar forms a cell in the earth and changes to a
chrysalis, from which the moth appears about a month
later.

Remedies.—(i.) Clean Culture. As the young
caterpillars of many species hatch in autumn,
the removal of all vegetation from the ground
as soon as possible in autumn deprives them of
their food supply and also prevents the late-
flying moth from laying their eggs in that locality.
Fields or gardens which are allowed to become over-
grown with weeds or other vegetation late in the
autumn are almost sure to be troubled with cut-
worms the next spring.

(ii.) Traps.—Large numbers may be destroyed by
placing between the rows of 1n infested crop, or at
short distances apart on infested land, bundles of any

October x, 1891]

succulent weed or other vegetation which has been
previously poisoned by dipping it, after tying in
bundles, into a strong mixture of Paris green. The
cut-worms eat the poisoned plants and bury them-
selves and die. In hot, dry weather these bundles
should be placed out after sun-down, and a shingle
may he placed on each to keep it from fading.

(iii.) Banding and Wrapping. (a.) It will be found
to well repay the trouble and expense to place a band
of tin around each cabbage or other plant at the time
of setting out. These may very easily be made by
taking pieces of tin 6 inches long and 24 wide and
bending them around a spade or broom handle so as
to form short tubes. In placing them around a plant
the two ends can be sprung apart to admit the plant,
and then the tube should be pressed about half an
inch into the ground. I have found this a useful
means of disposing of empty tomato and other cans.
To prepare these easily they need only be thrown into
a bonfire, when the tops and bottoms fall off and the
sides become unsoldered. The central piece of tin
can then be cut down the centre with a pair of shears,
and forms two tubes.

(6.) Wrapping a piece of paper round the stems of
plants when setting them out will also save a great
many.

(c.) Hand-picking or digging out the cut-worm
whenever a plant is seen to be cut off should, of
course, always be practised.

Natural Enemies.—There are two enemies which
deserve special notice, and, from the service they do,
should be known by sight to every cultivator. They
are the Fiery Ground-beetle, or Cut-worm Lion
(Calosoma calidum, Fab.) and the Black Ground
Wasp (Ammophila luctuosa). Both of these are
desperate enemies of cut-worms, the former feeding
on them in all of its stages, the latter digging them
out and storing its nest with them as food for its
young grubs.

32. IMPORTED CABBAGE BUTTERFLY (fiers rape,
L.).—The white butterflies which fly over cabbage
beds during summer lay eggs on the leaves, from
which are hatched the troublesome cabbage-worms.

Remedies.—The best remedy for this insect is
undoubtedly insect powder, diluted with four times its
weight of common flour, as directed under Remedy
IV.

33. Onion Maccor (Phorbia ceparum, Meigen.)—
Equalling in destructiveness and more difficult to deal
with than the Cabbage and Radish Maggots, is the
Onion Maggot.

Remedies.—Rich, well-worked soil and early planting
* are advised.

(i.) Kerosene emulsion watered along the rows
when the onions are found to be infested has proved
successful.

(ii.) A sprinkling of gas-lime, sown broadcast over
the beds every two weeks, was also found to protect
the crops considerably, and was thought to act as a
good fertilizer.

Suggestion.—l would suggest the use of Nitrate of
Soda, at the rate of 200 lbs. to the acre; this is a
valuable fertiliser, and has been found of marked use
in checking the ravages of the Cabbage Maggot.

THE HUMMING BIRD. 81

34. RADISH MAGGoT (Anthomyia radicum, Bouché).
—The most serious pest of radishes is the root
maggot. This is the larval form of a small fly closely
resembling the fly of the Onion maggot.

Remedies.—Early sowing and the use of new
ground are recommended, but are by no means sure
remedies. I have obtained the best results from
using Prof. A. J. Cook’s carbolic wash, Remedy IV.
The use of salt and gas lime are also beneficial, but
are not infallible remedies.

35. SQUASH Buc (Anasa tristis, De Geer).—

Numbers of large, ill-smelling, dark-brown bugs, paler
beneath, 2 inch long, clustering round squash vines
about the end of June and sucking the tops. The
eggs are laid on the leaves, and the young are soon
found with the full grown bugs.
_ Remedies.—Constant hand-picking, from the vines
when they first appear, and by placing shingles close
to the hills beneath which the bugs hide during the
day time, are generally effective. Coal oil and plaster
scattered amongst the vines will drive away many.

36. STRIPED CUCUMBER BEETLE (D0iabrotica
vittata, Fab.).—As soon as squash, cucumber or
melon plants appear above the ground they are
attacked by small, yellow-striped beetles, which, if not
noticed, will soon destroy the plants.

Remedies.—Sifting dry ashes and Paris green (1 to
50) over the vines is the best application to protect
the vines. Ashes alone are also useful. A remedy
much adopted in the United States is described by
Dr. C. M. Weed in a Bulletin of the Ohio Agricul-
tural Exper’t. Station for September, 1889, and con-
sists of covering the vines with a piece of gauze or
cheesecloth, supported by two or three sticks stuck
into the ground, and with the edges held down by a
handful of earth on each side.

37. TURNIP FLEA-BEETLE (Pyllotreta vittata, Fab.).
—There is, perhaps, no insect better known or more
execrated by farmers than ‘‘the fly” or flea-beetle of
the turnip. The perfect beetles, black, with white
marks on the wings, pass the winter beneath rubbish
or clods of earth, and appear on various plants of the
cress family early in spring. As soon as the young
turnips appear they attack the seed leaves, and very
frequently destroy the whole crop. ‘The grub state is
passed underground on the roots of plants of the
cress family.

Remedies.—\ have found the most successful treat-
ment of this insect to be the sowing of perfectly dry
land plaster or ashes, with 50 parts of which 1 part of
Paris green had been mixed (Remedy I.) Other
experimenters speak highly of a decoction of waste
factory tobacco, 1 lb. in 2 or 3 gallons of water. This
latter remedy is useful upon Garden Cress, where
Paris green cannot be used. See also remedy for
No. 36.

I think that the publication in THE HUMMING
BIRD of this very valuable and interesting notice, for
which I congratulate sincerely the author, Mr. James
Fletcher, will be of use to British farmers and others.

THE Epiror.

82

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[October x, 1861

A Visit to the British Museum.
Natural History Department.

eee
Continued from page 69.

There are no reasons whatever why the Public
Collections of Insects should not be as important as
the others, especially so when so many thousands of
duplicates, quite useless to the students, are stored
in the cabinets in the Insect Room, to no purpose
whatever. Even if they are to be lost by exposure,
which is not the case, it would be very easy to
renovate them from time to time at a very small cost.

When it is considered that Insects are represented
in nature by hundreds of thousands of species, and
their great importance in agriculture, it is my opinion
that they ought to be even more fully represented
in the public galleries than any of the other sections.

I am certain that extensive collections of all the
insects, useful, neutral or injurious to agriculture,
would draw a large number of visitors, and what
could possibly be more instructive and interesting
than such a collection?

Also fine series of as many species of Insects
Coleoptera (Beetles), Lepidoptera (Butterflies and
Moths), Neuroptera (Dragon-flies), Orthoptera Grass-
hoppers, Crickets, etc.), Hymenoptera (Bees, Wasps,
etc.), Diptera (Flies), and all other orders, would be a
great attraction for the public.

In the last Paris International Exhibition, 1889,
I exhibited in the Pavilion of Guatemala a collection
of about 8,000 species of American Coleoptera
(Beetles), and a few cases of rare and fine species of
Butterflies, and, during all the time of the exhibition,
thousands of visitors came daily to admire the said
collection, and asking me no end of questions about
the insects exhibited, showing the interest it had for
them.

From this I can conjecture that a really good col-
lection from all parts of the world, including as many
of the principal types and fine species as possible of
all the orders of insects, should obtain an immense
success, providing that the specimens exhibited
should be the best of their kind.

It is quite erroneous to believe that the public do
not appreciate what is really fine, it is just the
reverse.

Actually what is exhibited is really very poor, and it
is impossible to have any idea of what insects are with
such an exhibition.

During this year I have had the visit of several
Entomologists from S. Africa, West Indies, India
and other countries, and the first question asked was :
“Where is the Public Collection of Insects of the
British Museum?” They could rot believe that
what they saw was the Public Collection.

Of course, I told them that the Scientific Collec-
tions were stored in the Insect Room and how they
could get an entrance, but that did not satisfy
them.

It is a fact that many visitors will delight to go in
a public museum where the entrance is free to all,
but when it comes to ask for a favour, which they

may or may not obtain, they do not like to run that
risk, and it happens that they return to their coun-
tries with a very false impression of what really are
the collections of the British Museum.

REPTILE GALLERY.

In this gallery can be seen a fine collection of
stuffed specimens and skeletons of Reptiles, including
Crocodiles, Lizards, Snakes and Tortoises. It con-
tains examples of all the forms of general interest.

The series of Crocodilians (cases 1 to 10) is a very
good one, it contains nearly all the species known.
The true Crocodiles are represented by the African,
Indian, Asiatic and Australian species, and the Alli-
gators (with the exception of one species found in
China) which are from America.

Case 10 contains a series of Skulls.

Case 11 contains the Order RHYNCOCEPHALIA, of
which only one species has survived to our period.
It is the Zatuerz of the Maoris or Hatteria of
Naturalists.

It is the largest of the reptiles inhabiting New
Zealand, but scarcely attains to a length of two feet.
It is restricted to a few small islands of the Bay of
Plenty, where it lives in holes, feeding on other small
animals. An example of this interesting reptile with
skeleton and skulls is exhibited.

The Order Zacertilia, or Lizards, comprises over
1600 species, many of which are exhibited in cases
11—22, beginning with the Geckonide, or Geckos,
found in almost every part of the globe, between and
near the tropics, frequenting houses, rocks and trees.
In Vera Cruz, “ Mexico” they affect particularly the
lamp-posts, on which I have collected many at
night.

With few exceptions they are nocturnal, and feed
largely on insects. They possess the faculty of
ascending smooth surfaces, even glass. For this
purpose the lower surface of their toes is provided
with a series of moveable plates or discs, by the aid
ot which they adhere to the surface over which they
pass.

In cases 11—17 are exhibited the Varanidae or
Water-Lizards. A few Varanus griseus, etc. are terrestrial,
but the majority are semi-aquatic. The principal
species exhibited are Varanus giganteus trom N.
Australia ; Varanus salvator from the Indian Archi-
pelago; Varanus bengalensis from India and Varanus
niloticus from tropical Africa.

Case 18 contains the remarkable Æe/oderma horrt-
dum from Western Mexico. It is the only lizard
whose bite is poisonous. Its teeth are fang-like pro-
vided with a deep groove as in some snakes, and the
submaxillary gland is enormously developed and
secretes the poisonous fluid. Another species e/o-
derma suspectum has been discovered a few years ago.
In the same case are exhibited several other ‘rare
species of lizards, Zupimambis teguexim and nigro-
punctatus, attaining to a length of four feet; the rare
Dracaena guianensis from Guiana ; several specimens
of Amphisbenidae, worm-like reptiles, Zacertidae,
lizards proper, A gucdea or Blindworms ; the Pseudopus
pallasii or Glass-Snake and many others.

(To be continued.)

October 1, 1891]

Museum, by Dr. J. E. Gr, Pp. VIII. 80.
1844, 8VO. 08 IS.

— Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhyneeephaliane’
and Crocodiles im the British Museum.

New Edition, by George Alfred Boulanger.

10s GQagingie 73 woodcuts and 6 plates, 1880,
SON. ae 1 ES.

— Gigantic Land Do (aime and extinct) in
the Collection of the British Museum. By
Allo CNE (Go Chouaidovers To. DECO
plates and 2 Charts of the Aldabra group

of Islands, north west of Madagascar (with a
Systematic Synopsis of the Extinct and Living
Gigantic Land Tortoises) 1877, 4to 30S.

— Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum.
Second Edition, by George Albert Boulenger,

Vol. I. Geckonidæ, Eublepharidæ, Uroplatidæ,
Pygopodidæ, Agamidæ. ay XU AROS Be
plates 1885, 8vo 20S.

Vol. II. Iguanidæ, nord Zonüridæ, An-
guidæ, Anniellidæ, Helodermatidæ, Varanidæ,
Xantusidæ, Teiidæ, Amphisbaenidæ, Pp.
XIII. 497, 24plates ; 1885, 8vo 205.

Vol. III. Lacertüdæ, Gerrhosauridæ, Scincidæ,
Anelytropide, Dibamidæ, Chameleontide.
Pp. XII. 575. 40 plates, 1887, 8vo. 265:

— Catalogue of Colubrine Snakes in the Collection
of the British Museum, by Dr. Albert
Gunther. Pp. XVI. 281. 1858, 12mo. 45.

— Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia in the Col-
lection of the British Museum, by Dr. Albert
Gunther, Pp. XVI. 160. 12 plates. 1858, 8vo 6s.

— Catalogue of the Batrachia, Salientia, s. Ecaudata
in the Collection of the British Museum.
Second edition, by George Albert Boulenger.
Pp. XVI. 503. Woodcuts and 30 plates,
MASE, COs ue 4 30S.

— Catalogue of the Batrachia, Gradientia, s. Gra-
dentia, s. Caudata and Batrachia Apoda i in the
Collection of the British Museum. Second
Edition, by George Albert Boulenger. Pp.
DAME CO) jolene. res 21MOvVONLee Qs.

= Catalogue of FA Fishes in the Collection of the
British Museum, by Dr. Albert Gunther.

Voir Squamipinnes, Cirrhitidæ, Triglidæ, to
Xiphudæ. Pp. XXI. 548. 1860. 8vo... 8s. 6d.
Vol. III. Gobiidæ, Discoboli to Notacanthi. Pp.
XXV ; 586. Woodcuts, 1861, 8vo ... ros. 6d.
Vol. IV. Acanthopterygi, Pharyngognathi Ana-
canthini. Pp. XXI, 534, 1862. 8vo... 8s. 6d.
Vol. V. Siluridæ, Characinidæ to Stomiatidæ.
Pp. XXII, 455. Woodcuts, 1864, 8vo 8s.
Vol. VI. Salmonidae, Percopsidae to Cyprinodon-
tidae. Pp. XV, 368. Woodcuts, 1866,
8vO 78.
Vol. VII Heterophysi, “Cyprinidae to Halosauri.
dae. Pp. XX, 512. Woodcuts, 1868, 8vo. 8s.
Vol. VIII Gymnotidae, Symbranchidae to Lep-
tocardü, Pp. XXV. 549. 1870 8vo ... &s. 6d.

— Guide to the Systematic Distribution of Mollusca
in the British Museum. Part 1, by John Ed-
ward Gray. Pp. XII, 320, 121 Woodcuts,
1857, 8VO …, Be ee 5s.

THE HUMMING BIRD. Vv

— Catalogue of the Collection of Mazatlan Shells in
the British Museum, collected by Frederick
Reigne, by Philip P. cos Pp. XVI, 5 de
1847, 8VO

— Catalogue of the mens cr ou
Crustacea in the collection of the British
Museum by Spence Bate. Pp. IV, 399, 58
plates, 1862, 8vo - 25S.

phonvallethe other publications of the British
Museum, apply at Naturalist’s Agency.”

Buffon (Suites 4)—Zoologie générale, par M. Isidore
Geoffroy, Saint Hilaire, 1 vol. in 8vo, avec 1
livraison de planches fisures noires ... IOS.
Ditto ditto coloriées ... a 145.

— Cetacés, Baleines Dauphins, etc. , par M. Cuvier.

it) APOlls Gol BOs SE 2 livraisons de planches
noires . : 125.
Ditto ditto coloriées 18s.

— Reptiles, Serpents, Lézards, Grenouilles, Elio,
par M. Duméril, 10 vol. in 8vo et ro ikem
sons de planches noires 84s.
Ditto ditto coloriées fos WNL 32S,

— Poissons, par M. A. Duméril, ‘Tome Tet II, en
3 vol. et 2 livr. de planches, fig. noires 24S.
Coloriées 308.

(En cours de publication. )

— Introduction à l’entomologie, par M. Lacordaire,

2 vol.,et 2 livraisons,de planches noires 17S.
Ditto ditto coloriées ds : 205.
— Insectes Coléopteres (appelé vulgairement.

Genera Lacordaire), par Mess. Lacordaire et
Chapuis, Tome I à XII, complet en 14 vol.
et 13 livraisons de planches noires... 116s.
Ditto ditto coloriées.. : 160s
(Livre indispensable pour un entomolog. giste.)

— Orthoptères, par M. Serville, 1 vol. et 1 livr.
deplanches noires es 8s. 6d
Ditto ditto coloriées 12s.

—— Hémiptères, par Mess. Amyot € et Serville, 1 vol.
et x livr. planches noires 8s. 6d.
Ditto ditto coloriées ... 2s.

— Lépidoptères duirnes, par M. Boisduval, Tome 1

avec 2 livr. planches noires TS OG
Ditto ditto coloriées oe f 17S.
— Lépidoptères nocturnes, par Mess. | Boisduval

et Güenée, Tome I avec une livraison de

planches, Tome V à X avec Se GE
planches noires ; 58s.
Ditto ditto coloriées 65s.

— Névroptères, par M. Rambur, 1 vol. et x livr.
de planches noires se 8s. 6d.
Ditto ditto coloriées.. ay 12s.
— Hyménoptères, 4 vol. et 4 livr. de planches
noires par Mess. de St.Fargeau et Brullé 34s.
Ditto ditto coloriées.. : : 45S
— Diptères, par M. on 2 CH et2 livr. de.
planches noires : 17S.
Ditto ditto coloriées 28s.

— Abptères, par MM. Walckenaer et ees 4 vol.

et 5 livr. de planches noires. 38s,
Ditto ditto coloriées 32S.
— Crustacés, par Mr. Milne Bd de 3 vol. et 4
livr. de planches noires 30S.

Ditto ditto coloriées .., 40s.

[October 1, 1891

vi THE HUMMING BIRD.
Boisduval—Lépidoptères de la Californie, Bruxelles,
1600 Dr aneevon i... uy i 4S.
on Sean avium, 18 50-1857.
2 vol. . - 50S.
— Gael ann Conan “ts: i the birds
of Europe and North America, 8vo.. 6s.

Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno Ce
impreso en el idioma Mexicano, por un
Sacerdote devoto de la Madre santissima de
la Luz, etc. Puebla, 1819. 1 Vol., 67 double
pages, one side in Mexican, the other in
Spanish ù ! 40S.

Candéze— Histoire des métamorphoses de quelques
coléoptères exotiques, Liege, 1861, 1 vol. in
8vo, 6 planches noires Bho AS. OG

— Monographie des Elatérides, Liège, peer 1863,
4 vol. in 8vo, 25 pl. noires ... ae 32S.
— Elatérides nouveaux (Complément a la mono-
graphie), Brux. 1864, in 8vo, br. TS. 6d.

Castelnau et Blanchard—Histoire naturelle des In-
sectes, avec une introduction par Brullé, 3 vol.
in 8vo... P 40S.

Catalogue des Coléoptères ‘a Europe (extrait du
Généra des Coleoptères d'Europe de Jacquelin
du Val et Fairmaire) vol. in 6 3s. 6d.

Catalogue of Coleopterous Insects in the collection of
the British Museum, with descriptions of new

species.
— Longicornia, Part I. et II, Bee Adam White,
2 vol. in 8vo ... : 8s,
— Cassididæ, par Boheman, t vol. in 8vo.. 58.
— Cucujidæ, par J. Ed. Gray ‘a Ba ch tn Is.
— Cleride, par Adam White ,, i 2s. 6d.
— Passalidæ, Buprestidæ, par Smith, x vol.
in 8vo.. 5 IS.

Chenu—Lecons élémentaires sur Vhistoire naturelle,
. Conchyologie, Paris, 1847, 1 vol. gr. in 8vo,
planches coloriées … 20S.
— Manuel de Conchyologie et Paléontologie con-
chyologique contenant la description et la
représentation de près de 5,000 coquilles.
Paris, 1862, 2 vol. in 4to, planches noires et
coloriées iN a 30S.
— Encyclopédie d’ histoire naturelle, ou Traité com-
plet de cette science :—Mammiféres, 5 vol. ;
Oiseaux, 6 vol. ; Reptiles et Poissons, 1 aie :
Coléoptères, 3° vol); Wépidopteres, 2 vol. ;
Crustacés, Mollusques, et Zoophytes, 1 vol. ;
Annelés, 1 vol.; Botanique, 2 vol.; Mine-
ralogie, Géologie, Races humaines, 1 vol. Le
tout complet ... 100$.

chaque volume séparément ... pe 58,
Crotch—Synopsis coleopterum europze et confinium.
London, 1871, in 8vo ‘ee a 2S,

— Check List of the Coleoptera of er north
of Mexico, Salem, Mass., in 8vo_... 6s.
— Catecismo y Declaracion de la Doctrina Chris-
tiana en lengua Otomi, con un Vocabulario
del mismo idioma, por el R. P. Joaquin Lopez
Yepes, Mexico, 1826. 1 Vol. in 4to, 254
pages 5 6os.
Degland et Loue Copé 2eme édi-
tion, Paris, 1867 apc awe ee 245.

Deyrolle, Henri, Description des Buprestides de la
Malaisie, recueillis par Wallace, 1865, 1 vol.
in 8vo, 4 planches coloriées .. te 12s,

Diagrams of Natural History, edited by AN. Boucard.
20 sheets, 18-in. by 24-in., comprising 166
Diagrams of Animals and “Dinas, life size,
beautifully printed in colours, and 37 Natural
specimens of Woods and Minerals, all neatly
mounted on very stout cardboard, the set
complete, with Manual ; 498.

(Quite indispensable for a school. je

Duponchel—Catalogue méthodique des Lépidoptères
d'Europe, Fort vol. in 8vo, de 523 pages
broché... 2 6s.

Duponchel et Guénée—Iconographie et histoire natu-
relle des chenilles d’Europe, avec 93 magnifi-
ques planches gravées et coloriées, nouvelle
édition, publiée en 4olivraisons à 1f. Les 2 vol.,
reliés maroquin rouge, tranche dorée. 40S.

Entomologist’ s Annual NG orcs Sa chaque
année . ons o 3S.

(En cours de publication. )

Entomologist’ s Da Magazine, Nos. 1-86, chaque

numéro ah TS.
(En cours de publication. )

Etiquettes pour Insectes, Grande
feuille 16X20 contenant 1 "426 étiquettes,
avec le nom de tous les pays explorés par les
voyageurs naturalistes. Chaque feuille est
divisée en cing parties: Europa, Asia, Africa,
America, Australia, etc., et chaque partie est
arrangée par ordre alphabétique. Un espace
blanc a été réservé sur chaque étiquette de
façon à pouvoir y mettre le nom scientifique de
l'espèce, et le nom du collecteur, la feuille... 3d.

(Une grande réduction sera jaite aux personnes
gut commanderont plus de 100 feuilles à la fois.)

Felder—Lepidopterologische Fragmente, Wien, 1859,
in 4to, 11 pl. n. Big Na aise

Felder G. et R., Diagnoses lepidopterologicæ, Wien,

1 vol. in 8vo, 249 pages ue 10S.
Gemminger et Harold—Catal ogus Coleopterum: —
Vol. 1—Cicindelide,Carabide ... Eon) path as
Vol. 2—Dytiscidæ Gyrinidæ, Hydrophilidæ Sta-
phylinidæ à Scaphiidæ, inclus... IIS.

Vol. 3—Histeridæ a Lucanidæ, inclus ... 7S.
Vol. 4—Scarabzeidee x eu EL 2S:
Vol. 5 — Buprestide, Elateride a Cebrionide,

inclus OF.
Vol. 6 — Rhypidoceridæ Malacodermidæ à
Cioidæ, inclus k 7S.

Vol. 7‘Nenebrionides à Qedemerides, inclus 14S.
Vol. 8—Curculionide ... Sa tig Se
Vol. 9 — Scolytide a Cerambycidæ (Prionini,

Cerambycini) 13S.
Vol. to—Cerambycidee Bruchidæ 12S.
Vol. 1 1—Chrysomeli dee AR 12s.

(Cet ouvrage est tout à fait indespensable pour un
entomologiste. )

Grose Smith and Kirby, Rhopalocera exotica, being
illustrations of new, rare, or unfigured species
of Butterflies, $ with coloured drawings and
descriptions, 4 folio, Part 1 to 14 inclusive 44,
each, part published at . 78. 6d.

October 1, 1891]

Godart et Duponchel—Histoire naturelle des Lépi-
doptères, d'Europe, 18 vol. in 8vo, 548 plan-

ches col. 20
Gurney—Catalogue of Raptorial Birds, Parts L in
8vo =: 6s.
Harting—The Birds of Middlesex, 8vo es OS.

Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, etc.,
Antonio Solis Brusselas, 1741
1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Engravings and
Maps. Pages t to 9 slightly stained... Ato.
Historia General des las Cosas de Nueva Espana, by
Rey. Bernardino de Sahagun, con notas y su-
plementos, por Carlos Maria de Bustamente,
Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in 4to., uncut... £5.
Historia de las Conquistas de Hernando Cortez, por
Francisco Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas
y addiciones, por Carlos Maria de Busta-
mante, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. in 4to, 315

by Don

Ibis Le Quarterly Journal ‘of Ornithology, ah
Dabs wy ger 6s.

En cours de ‘publication. (7 res nan de yates 2
Insecta? saundersiana, Part 1-8, 8vo, sewed, each
part 5e $30 jbo Bo:

Ditto ditto. ‘Part 0. 3S.
Jacquelin Du Val et Fairmaire. Genera des Coléop-
teres d’Europe, représentant plus de 1,500

types d’après nature et coloriés avec le plus

grand soin, 4 vol. cartonnés, 303 pl. col. (mag-
nifique ouvrage) : LA PAT
Jekel—Catalogus Curculionidum, 1 vol. in r2mo. 25.
— Insecta Saundersiana Curculionides, Parties
pages .. ite an a fd 5S.

— Ditto ditto ditto Part II. 225 5s.
Kirby, W. F. — n European Butterflies and Moths,
1 Vol. 4 folio, 427 pages, 61 coloured plates.
London, oo À B25:

— Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera 1870, 1 vol.
in 8vo. 690 pages … : 24S.
Kampuysens Stichtelyke Rymen, “by M. Mathieu,
Rotterdam 1688. 1 Vol. in &vo., 680 Pp. £1.
Lacordaire (Th. )— Monographie des Coléoptères sub-
pentamères Phytophages, 2 vol. gr in 8vo.
Liège, 1848 ... } à 205.

— Généra des Coléoptères, ‘Tome 1 XII. en 14 vol.

in 8vo. et 13 livr. de planches noires ... 46.

— Coloriées. Ouvrage complet ... 458.
Latreille—Cours d’entomologie, 1 gros vol. in 8vo.
et un atlas de 24 planches 15S.

Manual of Natural History, with many illustrations,
edited by A. Boucard ; second edition, 1 vol.
in 8vo., London, 1876 4S.

Milne Edwards—Eléments de Zoologie, 2ème édition,

Paris, 1840—1843, 1 vol. in 8vo 16s.
— Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, Paris, 1837—
1840, 3 vol. in 8vo, avec 42 planches 30S.
— Coloriées À Ls aN; 40S.
— Zoologie, 1 vol... 4, 6s.
Mulsant (E.) — Lettres à à Julie sur Yentomologie,
Lyon, 1830, 2 vol. in 8vo. 15 planches
coloriées

30S.
Mulsant (E.)—Essai d’une classification méthodique
des Trochilidés ou Oiseaux Mouches, 1 vol. in
8vo. 98 p. te A ae ae 25.

THE HUMMING BIRD. vii

| Mulsant et Verreaux.—Histoire naturelle des Or

Mouches ou Colibris constituant la famille des
Trochilidés. PTT
Marseuil l’ Abeille— Journal d Entomologie, spéciale

ment consacré aux Coléoptéres, rere Série,
1864—1867, tomes I. à VI ... 75S.
chaque volume séparément ... 15S.
2eme. Série, 1870 158.

— Catalogus Coleopterum Europæ, rvol in 8vo. 25.
Murray— On the geographical distribution of Mam
mals, 103 coloured plates and maps, 1 large
vol. in 4to ine aa | GCE
Nauman A. Nauman’s Naturgeschichte der Vogel
Deutschlands ; 13 vol. in 4°, 391 coloured
plates, a magnificent copy, rare 25
Pouchet—Zoologie classique, 2 vol. in 8vo, 1,300
pages, atlas de 44 planches et 5 grands tableaux
gravés sur acier, figures noires 208.
Ditto ditto coloriées 255.
Saunders, E:—Catalogus buprestidarum synonymi-
cus et systematicus. Londres, 1871, vol.
in 8vo.. i 8s.
Sclater et Salvin—Nomenclator Avium neotropi-
calum . : 16s.
Thomson, TP rene Nevins, Grand} in folio, Paris,
1859, pl. noires 4os., coloriées 60s.
— Archives entomologiques ou illustrations d’In

sectes, nouveaux et rares, grand in 8vo,
2 vol., Paris, 1857-1858, pl. noires, 4os.,
coloriées 60s.

— Essai d’une classification de la famille des Céram-
bycides, grand in 8vo, 412 pages, 3 planches,
Paris, 1860.4. a 24S.

Thomson, 1 —Monographie du genre | Batocera,
grand i in folio, 3 pl. noires ... 12S.

— Monographie de la famille des Cicindélides, 1857,
grand in 4to, 11 planches noires, 2os.,
coloriées 24S.

_ Monographie de la famille des Monomides, 1860,
grand in 8vo, avec 3 planches coloriées 12s.

— Monographie de la famille des Nilionides, in 8vo,

4pl.n.. > 8s.
— Monographie du genre Spheniscus, grand i in folio,
DIET IOS.

Tezcoco en los ultimos tiempos ‘de sus antiguos
Reyes. Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos
de Boturini y redactados por el Lic. Mariano
Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. 16mo, 276
pages ... as ; 40S.

Various Calendarios More 1830 to 1860, Is.
and 2s. each.

Zoological Report, 8vo, 30s. annually (1864—1891
published) chaque volume MSs
(Ouvrage indispensable pour un zoologiste.)

Zoological Society of London, Transactions, of pub-
lished in four parts annually (57 vol. published)
each part un-coloured, 3s., coloured 12s.

(Price of each volume sent on application.)

The Naturalists Agency will procure to his
Customers all the Scientific Works published in
London at publisher’s prices.

Apply at Naturalist’s Agency, 225, High Holborn,
London, W.C.

vill

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[October 1, 1891

BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO,

NATURALISTS AND FEATHER MERCHANTS,
225, High Molborn, London, W.C., England.

COMMISSION.

/ EXPORTATION.

Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural

History,
orders pinned and set, or in papers ;
Crustaceæ and Arachnidæ in spirit;
Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists;
Artificial Florists ;
ate., ete.

Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls, Insects of all
Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells ;
Ethnological collections from all parts;
Mammal Skins for Furriers ;
Rare old Stamps, used and unused; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, etc.,

Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ;
Showy Bird Skins and
Bright species of Insects for

All possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottier
& Co., who having a large connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best

prices for them.

Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. beg to advise Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they

undertake to stuff from a Humming Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices.

Only experienced and

scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for that work, which will always be of the best class.
An inspection o! their Galleries, where a large number of specimens are always on show, is solicited.
Special fabrication of Mammazs and Birns “yss at wholesale prices which defy all competition, either

as quality or price. See special Advertisement.

New Sranps For Birps, suitable for Museums and Scientific Institutions.

Wo one should be without

them. The appearance of the Birds on these stands is unequalled, and everyone should adopt them and

renovate the old ones. See Advertisement.

gE TR RE DA PRE ED CE OT IPP PDT A RC

TO BE LET OR
SEVERAL PROPERTIES

A T SAN - REMO,
The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera,

|
SOLD |

40 minutes from Monte Carlo.

19 VILLA.MARIA LUIGIA.

A charming residence, standing in its own ground, situated
Corso LEVANTE on one side and the Bxacx on the other, at
about 15 minutes’ walk from the centre of the town and 20
from the station. Splendid view in all directions, beautiful
garden of about 2,000 métres, in whica a large space has been
laid purposely for lawn tennis and other games.

Carriage and private entrances.

Gymnastic, Summer Houses, Aviary, Bathing Cabin, &c.
Excellent water.

Ground Floor.—Three fine rooms, full south, with 7 bay
windows opening on the Garden, Kitchen, Offices, Cellar, &c.

First Floor.—Three large and fine rooms, full south, two on
the north side, all of them communicating. Magnificent for
Receptions, Soirées, &c. Cloak Room.

Second Floor.--Four large rooms, full south, one of them
with dressing-room, three fine rooms on the north side, Cloak
Room. Corridor in the middle.

Size of Villa: length 18 metres, width 10 metres.
Price ... francs 60,000

LETTING.

Unfurnished... bi . francs 3,500 |
Furnishe:, Winter season, 6 months seats TA nee >, 2,600
More the letting of the furniture according to the value of
same required.

Furnished, Summer season, 3 months.

1

Price to agree. |

\

LONDON : Published by A. BOUOARD, at 225, High Holborn, W. ae

TE TI EUR ERT RTE

and Printed at J.S. LHVIN’S Printing Works, 75, Leadenhall! Street, 8.0.
ber 1, 1891.

9° VILLAS RONDO 25, 27.

Two semi-detached Villas, full south, standing in their own
ground of 1,000 mètres, situated on the Corso GARABALDI, (the
most pleasant walk of the town) hardly at 10 minutes walk
from the central part of the town and 15 of the station.

No. 25.—Ground Floor.— Three fine rooms, Kitchen, Office,
and Cellar.

First Floor.Six comfortable rooms.

No. 27-—Exactly the same, more Underground floor with
kitchen and two large rooms. Front and back gardens.

Price for the two villas francs 45,000

Separately.

No. 25 nee francs 25,000
No. 27 francs 30,000
LETTING.

No. 25.—Unfurnished francs 1,000

Furnished, winter season — 2,000

= summer season . — 1,000

No. 27.—Unfurnished francs 1,250
Furnished, winter season — 2,500

— summer season ... — 1,250

Separate floors can also be let with or without furniturs.

go A PIECE OF LAND, about 350 metres.

Full south, on the Corso Mrzzoaiorno, two minutes irom
the station and the port, in the central part of the town.

Price francs 15,000
LETTING francs 800

Exchange could be made for property situated in England.

For further information, apply to -
M, A. BOUCARD,

225, High Holborn, London, W.C.

A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

VOL, NOT. | November 1, 1891. _ | PRICE SIXPENCE,

Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ; all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.
All other countries, 6 shillings.

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

ME ADOLPHE: BOUCARD,

NAGER A ILLS NE,
Officier d’Académie, 1878; Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;
Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1865;
de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1889;
a Member of the International Jury, Paris, 1889 ; Member of many scientific societies ;

(ACh “MSs WSs (See,

CONTENTS OF No. 11.—NOVEMBER 1, 1891.

Crocodile, Snake and Fish Skins for Industrial Purposes.
A Visit to the British Museum. Natural History Department.

“World’s Columbian Exposition.”—Batiment de l'Administration.

(ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.]

ii

THE HUMMING BIRD.

| Movember 1, 1891

FOR SALE.—Shells.
_.. Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.
LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE SHELLS.

Glandinidæ, 15. each. Helicidæ, 67. each. Bulimidæ
15. each. Achatinidæ, 15. each. Chlindrellidæ, 1s. 64.
each. Clausilidæ, 34. each. Ampularidæ, 64. each.
Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclosto-
nidæ, 64. each. Helicinidæ, 34. each. Unio,
Anodonta, and Ostrea, 6d. each.

Marine Shells—A/ the Collection including
Argonyuta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa,
Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra. Conus, Sfrombus,
Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo,
Venus, Cardium, &c., 6d. each.

_Can be divided if required.

All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office.

FOR SALE.

One of the most magnificent Collections of Marine,
Fluviatile and Terrestrial Shells formed during the
last forty years.

It contains 9,761 species by 37,686 specimens, all

of them in the most perfect condition.
Species Specimens.
Marine and Fresh Univalves 5238 21,314
Bivalve, Marine and Freshwater 1850 5,900
Foreign Land Shells 2673 | 0,442
European | 950
Rare Shells in glass ‘Cases 80
9,761 37,686

Very nearly all the rare species known aie repre-
sented in the Collection and sometimes by several
specimens.

For further informations and price, apply to Mr.
A. Boucard 225, LISE Holborn, London, W. C.

een

TO ETHNOLOGISTS AND OTHERS.

FOR SALE.
Twenty finely carved Ar: ows and 1 Bow from New Guinea
Price 20s.
African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s.

Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very
nicely carved Price 30s. each.

Pagaie from New Guinea, made of palm tree Price 30s.

Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what
appears to be Musicians, two large figures in the centre and
six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is
quite unique, and no Museum in the world possesses anything
like it Price £50.

A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central
America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, ete. from 5s.

Mojern pottery from Mexico and Central America
from 6d.
Statuettes representing the Indians of Mexico and Guatemala
from 3s.
Huts, Baskets, Mat« and various Objects made with palm
leaves and various textile plauts, from Central America, Mada-
gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.
Samples of Tewtile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal

Plants, etc. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.
Old und Modern Coins from Mexico from la.
Etc., etc., etc.

‘ Botanical box

Priced List of Utensils necessary for
the collecting of Mammals and Birds
Skins, Reptiles, re Insects, Shells.

Bicarbolic Acid .. quart eh
Rectified Benzoline ie ai 3 2/-
Boucard’s Insecticide Ib. 4/-
Ammonia or 4/-
Collecting corked Box. ... “from 1 sf to 5/- each.
Pocket corked Box, . from 1/-
Corked Box for Museums ; 24/- doz.
55 » and glazed, splendid make. 36/- »

Larger sizes can be supplied.
from ae to 6/- each.
Pin box, for 12 grosses of different sizes. 1/6

3 with 1000 pins. ï 3/-
Sea compass, oe from Ae to 50/-
Collectting bottles with large opening from 6d.
Boucard’s tin collecting box with two partitions 2/-

Straight Scissors from 2/-
Curved ae fe ae eth orale
Taxidermist knifes ae aes ti)
Long Forceps Pale a NN NE
Small 3 Ne at My. Nene seul ge
Insects’ Nippers, MONO
Sieve cs ANSE
Blowpipe for cleaning aes an UOTE
Digger see i: » 2/- & 4/-
Folding ditto ... 6/-

Insect Pins, English, French orGermanfrom1/6 per 100c
Steel Pins for setting butterflies ,, 4/- per 1000
Setting Boards 3 : . 1/- to 3/- each
Butterfly Nets complete .trom 1/6 to 6/-

Sweeping and Water Nets MED

Cork in sheets es gi doz.
Magnifying Glasses ... ee Ha ye RE BOGE
Hammers se NT) OO
Napthaline aN Ls er leper lb
Botanical Grey paper... ,, 6/- ream
Folding Umbrella for collecting Insects ,, 10/-

Steel Perforator for making holes ineg sss Bae:
Cutting pliers Le os : NT

Flat aA oN by oe) NRA
Arsenical Soap 2/- per lb

Glass Tubes for small Insects and shells , se Lf Oz.

Pill boxes for ditto . bie Jee NA te TOSS
Flax a Ue ae Ss OGhaperalia
Cotton wading per sheet … SR RON
Fishing rods with accessories from ,, 2/-
Dredge for collecting shells, &c. ... ,, 4o/-

Taxidermists Case, containing 1 Pair of Scissors

2 Knives, 1 Lime, 1 Grater, 2 Pliers, 1 Ham-

mer, 1 pair of Forceps, 1 ae 3 Gimlets,

ete, complete: =: .. from 12/- to 4o/-
Shell-empting with handle . 1/-

All other Utensils for Naturalists can be had ata
short notice, 225, High Holborn, London, W. C.
by ordering at the NATURALISTS AGENCY.

STANDS, NEW STYLE,
Wholesale Priee.

No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per LE
» 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s. ee
» 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. i
» “4 ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small
Hawks at 32s. PA
» © ,, Small Hawks to Large Hawks
and Owls at 40s. à

November 1, 1801]

THE HUMMING BIRD. lil

fa gee seer KY ES
Wholesale Price.

Black Coloured Cornered PR
per gross perdoz.puirs per doz.pairs
No.lto4 6d. 1s,6d. No.4to6 3s. 6d. 48. 61.
Ay By Anuts) stele 2s. 6d. >» 7, 8 5s. 0d. 6s. Od.
» 9 ,, 10 1s.0d. 4s. Od. Bana) 6s. Od. 8s: Od.
» ll 2s.0d. 5s. 6d. RO MENTS I 0d: 9s. Od.
» 12 2s.3d. 7s. Od. » ll 8s. 0d. 10s. Od.
» 13 2s.6d. 10s. 0d. PO 9s 0d: 11s. 0d.
dog. of pairs
» 14 33.0d. 18.6 » 13 10s. 0d 12s. Od
» 15 3s.6d. 2s. 6d. » 14 11s. 0d. 13s. Od.
» 16 4s.0d. 2s. 6d. » 15 18s: 0d. 15s. Od.

» 17 8s.0d. 3s. Od. Larger sizes can be made
» 18 12s.0d. 4s. Od. to order.
Nr. 1 to 4are gocd for humming birds and others up to
the size of Tanagers.
No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies.
No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls.
No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc.
No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc.

WANTED, TO BUY. ! =.

Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, to
which none have been added since the last 20 years.

Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-
ally Colonials and old German states. HE Era

Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.

Old unused English and Colonials.

Old works on stamps.

Proofs of stamps, etc. etc. .-

TO ORNITHOLOGISTS.
FOR SALE.

Fine mounted specimen of Alcu wmpennis, the Great Auk,
(extinct species). Pedigree from date of capture, 1836, will
be given to buyer.

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of
bird Remhardtia occiluty Bp., the greatest discovery of the
century. Price £50

FOR SALE.—From Kina Balu (Borneo).

Calyptomena whiteheadi, male, 1005. A magnifi-
cent bird, discovered lately by Mr. Whitehead in the
interior of Borneo. Many other species from the
same collector (magnificent skins).

Postage Stamps

FOR SALE.

A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts
of the World. For prices &c. apply to Naturalists Agency,
225, High Holborn, W.C.

NATURALISTS’ AGENCY,
225, HIGH HOLBORN,
Lonpon, W.C.

5,000 Species of Bird Skins
for Sale.
APTERYGES. oS
Apterix Oweni M2 Bens ie)
— australis 100
— mantelli 100
Tinamus robustus … Un Tel
— subcristatus... HNPAMZO
Crypturus sallei fk DRE Le)
Otis tarda — dee AO
— tetrax She Doe 506 5
Ocydromus australis ... BO sas
Psophia crepitans … aio
— sp. ae AS
Chauna chavaria mie ih 66,
_ Opisthocomus cristatus pny 2A
Penelope purpurascens LEO
— marail Ne ai geez
Pipile jacutinga Rae Re y2O
Penelopina nigra ~... ee O
Ortalida motmot a no LO
. — poliocephala.,. a AO
Chamæpetes goudoti... La GO)
— unicolor co BO
Oreophasis derbiana ... we VASO
Eax PlODICeYA AU, Me aulte a
Talegalus cuvieri a Po)
Megacephalon, maleo CLS O
Megapodius freycineti and
other species at Ley LO

of the world.

2,000 varieties.

Will be sold at a bargain.
Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili.

most perfect condition.

NORD CR ESA TEE +

HOR (SALE:

De

A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts
Fifty years work.

In the
23 specimens, at 5s. each.

S. s.
Pavo cristatus, from Japan ... 40|Carvanaca recurvirostris Se ays RO
Argusianus giganteus, male Many species of Charadriadæ

and female... La ... 80] Glareolidæ from 3
Argusianus grayi, male and Geronticus calvus 24

female . 200} Pseudibis papillosus ... 30
Reinhardiusocellatus, fine male 1000| Lophotibis cristatus 30
Phasianus versicolor ... .... ro} Dromas ardeola 40
Syrmaticus recvesi ... … 50| Many species of Ardeidæ from 6
Graphephasianus sommeringi 12| Many species of Anatidæ from 6
Euplocomus vieilloti ... ... 40] Many species of Sia cases
Hierophasis swinheei ... ... 40} ‘and Laridæ from 5
Lophophorus impeyanus ... 20| Hypoleucus bougainvilei 30
Ceriornis satyra ee ... 20| Many species of Falconidæ

— melanocephala ... 20| Vulturidæ and Strigidæ

Meleagris ocellata ISO) MMAITONEe a 5s. to 20
Acryllium vulturina ... --. §0| Aquila audax SB 30
Ithaginis cruentus 16| Limnætus gurneyi à 100
Francolinus erkeli and other Henicopernis longicauda 40

species at ... J … 12/!Haliastur girrenera 12
Odontophorus guianensis ... 20| Astur etorques 20

other species from’. . .. 16} — poliocephalus 20
Ortyx pectoralis and other Tachyspizias soloensis 16

species from 16| Melierax gabar 20
Quantity of species of Colum- Falco gysfalco... ; 40

bidæ from ie … 5 | Lophostrix stricklandi 30
Furningus spanzani ... ... 20} Ara macawuana 30
Hemiphaga novee-zelandiz ... 20] Conurus egregius 30
Serresius forsteri qe Be AO — sostitialis A 20
Trugon terrestris *... .... 24| Brotogeris panychlora 20
Henicophaps albifrons Be AO), Nan aes 20
Otidiphaps nobilis... ... 40] Psittacella modesta 40

— sp. es … 50| Microglossum aterrimum 22

Goura coronata #5 20) Hor remainder tof “Parrots

— Victoriz Re ... 30\|see Humming Bird, No. 3,

— dalbertisi —... ... 40] March, 1801.

Didunculus strigirostris te MEO

Ramphastos brevicarinatus ...
inca aes sae
cuvieri ... 50
Pteroglossus pluricinctus
beauharnaisei
Selenidera gouldi
nattereri
— spectabilis….
Andigena laminirostris
many other species
Many species of Capitonidæ
Bucconidæ, Galbulidæ and
Cuculidæ from
Pharomacrus mocina...
costaricensis
fulgidus
auriceps
Prionotelus temnurus...
Temnotrogon rhodogaster
Trogon aurantiiventris
atricollis
chionurus
bairdi...
citreolus
melanocephalus
clathratus
melanurus
and many other species from
Choucalcyon tyro
Cittura cyanotis 4
Melidora macrorhyncha
Tanysiptera dea
galatea
nympha ...
Cyanalcyon nigrocyanea
Sauropatis juliæ
funebris
albicilla
Caridagrus concreta ...
Astacophilus lindsayi..
Clytocex rex
and many other species from
Nyctiornis amictus :
Bucia athertoni
Meropiscus gularis
and many other species of
Meropidæ from
Todus multicolor
Momotus subrufescens
Urospatha marti
Hylomanes gularis À
Prionirhynchus platyrhynchus
carinatus
Eumonota superciliaris
and other species from
Leptosoma discolor
Brachypteracias leptosoma
Attelornis pittoides
crossleyi
Manyspeciesof Bucerotidæ from
A large number of species of
Picidæ, Turdidæ, Sylvidæ,
Troglodytidæ, Luscinidæ,
etc., etc., from sé:

and

—

—

THE HUMMING BIRD.

Turdus sibiricus
cardis...
— Var
naumani
nigrescens
Margarops fuscatus
Mimocichla rubripes ...
Myadestes elizabethe...
Cinclus leuconotus
Eupetes macrocercus...
cœrulescens ...
Thryophilus castaneus
pleurostictus
nigricapillus
thoracicus
Peltops blainvillei
Melidectes torquatus...
Melipotes gymnops
A large series of species of
Nectarinidæ from ... :
A large quantity of species of
Cœærebidæ, Tanagride, Frin-
gillidæ, and Icteridæ from...
Garrulus japonicus
Cyanocitta beechei
melanocyanea
meridana ...
Cyanocorax panamensis
Calocitta formosa
colliei
Callaeas cinerea |
Picicorvus columbianus

PARADISEIDÆ,
Priced per pair, male and
female.

Xanthomelus aureus
Sericulus melinus
Ptilonorhynchus
Paradisea apoda
papuana
sanguinea

ragglana

Schlegelia wilsoni

Diphyllodes magnifica
Cicinnurus regius

Parotia sexpennis

Lophorina superba

Ptilornis paradisea
Craspedophora magnifica
Epimachus speciosus..
Seleucides alba

Semioptera gouldi

Astrapia nigra...’ Be
Drepanornis albertisi ...
Paradigalla carunculata
Manucodia viridis, male
keraudreni, male...
gouldi, male

Mino dumonti, male ... de
Melanopyrrhus anais, male .

—

holosericeus

Gymnops tricolor, male
Paradisea augusta victoriæ,
male Le uf He

[November 1, 1891

Creadion carunculatus 20
Heterolocha gouldi, male 20
— — female
(much rarer) 30
Enodes erythrophis 10
Analcipus traillei 12
Turacus purpureus 10

other species from ... es Mao:

Menura superba 40
Orthonyx spinicauda .. 12
Ten species of Pteroptochidæ at 10
A large number of species of
Dendrocolaptide and For-
micaridæ from A Re Al
Pitta strepitans 30 Mec
— novœæ guineæ 10
— maxima ... an 10
— granatina ue TA)
Philepitta castanea STE
Large series of species of

Tyrannidæ from ne)

Aulia rufescens 10
Attila sclateri ... 10
Rupicola crocea 20
— peruviana 10

— sanguinolenta 20
Phænoptila melanoxantha 50
Pipreola sclateri 30
Cotinga ccerulea 10
— cincta 16
— amabilis 16
— cayana 10
— mayana ce Het
Querula cruenta ne LOG
Chasmorhynchus niveus 16
— tricarunculatus 30

— nudicollis 12
Gymnocephaius calvus 20
Gymnoderus fcetidus... 20
Cephalopterus penduliger 20
— glabricollis 20

and many other species of
Cotingidæ and Pipridæ from... 3

Podargus papuensis 16
— ocellatus 16
Calyptomena whiteheadi 100
— viridis ... Re
Many species of Caprimulgidæ,
Hirundinidæ and Dee
from A 3
TROCHILIDÆ.
Phæthornis guianensis 20
Helianthea eos 50
Bellona superba SO
For remainder of species of
Trochilidæ, see Humming Bird,

No. 1, January, 1891.

TO FEATHER MERCHANTS.
Just arrived :

A very fine lot of 1,200 Pale Red
African Osprey, at 1s. 3d.

November 1, 1891]

Che Bumming Bird.

re

Crocodile, Snake and Fish Skins for

Industrial Purposes.

In North America, alligator farming is carried on
in Louisiana and other southern States, and it pays
well, the skins of young individuals having a good
market value for morocco leather manufacturers and
others.

After being dressed, these skins are soft and last
very long. They are used extensively for dressing
cases, purses, pocket-books, slippers, etc., also for
shoes and boots, in fact, they can be employed for
all fancy articles made of leather and are as highly
appreciated as the well-known Russian morocco.

The skins of the large American snake (Soa
murina) is also employed for the same purposes and
make skins softer and more nicely marked.

Up to date, skins of old alligators can be dressed,
but do not soften enough, and for that reason are
scarcely used for industrial purposes, but they could
probably be made into war-shields, strong boots, etc.
They are sometimes sold as curiosities.

Besides leather, oil can be extracted from the adult
animals. The tail of an alligator twelve feet in
length, on boiling, furnishes from fifty to seventy
pints of excellent oil which in South America is used
for lighting purposes, and in medicine. The oil has
been recommended for a variety of diseases, but is
considered as a sovereign remedy for rheumatism. It
_is given both inwardly and outwardly.

Crocodiles and alligators are found in all parts of
the world, but more especially in the hot climates.
They inhabit Africa, Southern Asia, the tropical
parts of Australia, North, Central and South America
and the West Indies. The Indian crocodile (Croco-
dilus porosus) is very common in the East Indies and
in tropical Australia. It grows exceptionally to a
length of thirty feet, but the ordinary size of an adult
specimen is from twelve to twenty feet.

The African crocodile (Crocodilus vulgaris) attains
nearly the same size. It was worshipped by the
ancient Egyptians, and mummies of these animals
are commonly found in that country.

The Gharials (Gavialis gangeticus) is abundant in
the river Ganges and its tributaries, and attains a
length of twenty feet. It is easily recognised by their
extremely long and slender snout. It feeds chiefly
of fishes, for the capture of which its long and
slender snout and sharp teeth are well adapted. Old
males have a large cartilaginous hump on the ex-
tremity of the snout containing a small cavity for the
retention of air, by which means they are enabled to
remain under water for a longer time tham females or
young.

_ In the alligators, which, with the exception of one
species found in China are all found in America, the

THE HUMMING BIRD.

“are separated from each other

83

fourth lower tooth is received in a pit in the upper
jaw, when the mouth is shut» They do not grow to
the large size of the true crocodiles. The species
most generally known is A. musstssippiensts, which
abounds in the southern parts of North America. It
is the species which is bred extensively in domesticity
since a few years. Some other species of alligators

‘are also very abundant on the rivers of the Atlantic

and Pacific Oceans from Mexico to Argentine
Republic and Peru on the Pacific. I have seen large
‘numbers of them on the River Papaloapam in the
State of Vera Cruz, “ Mexico.” The crocodilians
differ in many anatomical characters from the true
lizards. The organs of their chest and abdomen
by a muscular
diaphragm, their heart is divided into four cavities as
in the higher vertebrates. The ribs are provided
with two heads for the articulation with the vertebræ,

‘and with processes directed backwards; and their

abdomen is protected by a series of transverse bones.
The teeth are implanted in sockets, while in other
recent reptiles they are united to the jaws. The
tongue is completely adherent to the floor of the
mouth. The nostrils are situated close together at
the upper side of the extremity of the snout; the
eyes and the ears likewise are near to the upper pro-
file of the head, so that the animal can breathe, see
and hear whilst its body is immersed in the water, the
upper part of the head only being raised above the
surface. When it dives, the nostrils are closed by
valves, a transparent membrane is drawn over the eye
and the ear, which is a horizontal slit, is shut up by a
moveable projecting flap of the skin. The limbs are
weak, the anterior provided with five, the posterior
with four digits, of which three only are armed with
claws and which are united together by a more or less
developed web. The tail is long, compressed,
crested above, very powerful, and admirably adapted
for propelllng the body through the water. The
back tail and belly are protected by a dermal armour
formed of quadrangular shields, of which the dorsal,

‘and in several alligators, also the ventral, contain

true bone imbedded in the skin.

The crocodilians are thoroughly aquatic in their
habits and the most formidable of all the carnivorous
freshwater animals.

They feed chiefly on fish; but large crocodiles
attack every animal which they can overpower and
which they drown before devouring. They attack
man, and many people have been killed and devoured
by crocodiles. After having killed their prey they
carry it into holes which are supposed to be their
abode, and feast upon it until it is entirely devoured.

In the State of Vera Cruz (Mexico) where these
animals are very abundant, it is said of alligators

. thgt they can live for a considerable time, buried in

thé dry mud. I don’t know how much such an
extraordinary fact can be relied upon, but whe:
residing at Tlacotalpan and Cosomaloapam, State of

Vera Cruz (Mexico), I was told many times that
alligators had been found in dry fields, apparently dead,

and that after a more or less prolongated immersion in
water they had returned to life. They account for it in
this way : In the rainy season, May to September, the
fall of rain is sometimes so great that the River

84 THE HUMMING BIRD.

{ n |

[November 1, 1891

Papaloapam overflows its borders, and thesurrounding
plains are totally inundated for several. weeks, some-
times months; as I have witnessed several times.
During that period it is very common to see
alligators far away from the bed of the river. This
water gradually dries up, and large tracks of land are
transformed into lagunas or large pools, which also
dry in course of time. The alligators which have
gone astray from the river are seen frequently in these
lagunas, and are said to bury themselves entirely in
the mud before their complete drying up, and remain
there until another inundation releases them from their
abnormal state of inaction and torpor. It may be for
months or even for years; but it is believed by all, that
life is not extinct and that they revive when immersed
in water for several hours or days. They told me that
Indians when ploughing their fields have found many
buried that way. Crocodilians lay eggs, about the size
of those of turkeys, but they are oblongand have harder
shells, they deposit them in holes on the banks of the
rivers and ponds. They are good to eat, but not so
much appreciated as Iguana or turtle eggs. The
flesh of young crocodiles is sometimes eaten by the
natives of Mexico. :

I have never seen hides made from the large
species of Iguanidae found in tropical America, but
it is probable that they could be dressed and used
for the same purposes as the hides of crocodiles.
They are considered a good food, a fact which I can
corroborate, as I have breakfasted many times on

them. Their eggs, a little larger than those of a
igeon, have soft shells and are considered a
uxury.

The two families of snakes, whose skins are
dressed for industrial purposes, are the Pythonidae, or
Rock Snakes, found in the hottest parts of Africa,
Asia and Australia, and the Boidae, or Boas, re-
stricted to the tropical parts of America.
them attain a very large size, from 12 to 30 feet, and
wide in proportion. They climb as well as swim,
most of them preferring the neighbourhood of water.
’ [In the rainy season I have seen several monster boas
caught in Playa Vicente, State of Oaxica, “ Mexico.”
I do not remember exactly their length, but. their
width was 20 inches. One of them was of such an
extraordinary size that a real path was perceptible
where it passed and it was by following it that it was
discovered and captured.

The skins of these snakes can be easily dressed :

and are much wanted for their softness and the
brilliancy of their designs.

Now we come to Fishes whose skins are also em-
ployed for industrial purposes, but this industry is yet
in its infancy and I have no doubt that before long,
many species will be wanted for that purpose.

For the present I can only mention skins¢ of
Gadidae, or Cod-fishes,’ which were exhibited by
Norway and Sweden in the Paris International
Exhibition of 1889. As a member of the Interna-
tional Jury, Class 43, I had to classify, for prizes, all
objects connected with hunting and fishing, and I
was much interested with all the products extracted
from cod-fishes which I saw in the exhibits of Sweden
and Norway. Among them were hides of several
species of large fishes, especially cod-fishes. ‘They

All of |

were soft and strong, and the designs were attractive.
I have just heard that a good leather was made with
the American White Fish. I call the attention of |
manufacturers to the above facts, and I advise them
to give a good trial to these skins. Success Is
CERTAIN.

7

A. BoUCARD.

A Visit to the British Museum.
Natural. History Department.
ea os
Continued from page 82.

In cases 19——21 are the Iguanidae, some of them
growing to the length of five feet, and highly esteemed
as food. Their eggs are considered a great
delicacy. The curious PArynosoma, found in North
America and Mexico in sandy places, have the
faculty to take the same colours as the sands where it
inhabits, which makes it very difficult to detect. This
is a particular case of mimicry, but rather common in
Reptiles. The Frilled Lizard, Chlamydosaurus kingt ;
the Draco Dragon or Flying Lizard; the Moloch,

Moloch horridus, an extraordinary creature from

Australia. It is entirely covered with tubercles and
spines, which gives it a most repulsive appearance ;
but otherwise it is quite harmless.

In case 22 are exhibited the Chameleontidae or
Chameleons, peculiar to Africa, Madagascar, India
and Ceylon. The most remarkable part of this
animal is the tongue, which is exceedingly long, worm-
like, with a club-shaped, viscous end. ‘They shoot it

out with incredible rapidity towards insects, which

remain attached to it, and are thus caught.
have the faculty of changing colour.

In cases 23—27 is the order Opuip1a, or Snakes,
among which the most remarkable exhibits are the
Pythonidae, or Rock Snakes; the Poidae, or Boas,
which attain sometimes a length of 30 feet; the
Elapidae, Elaps, commonly called Coral Snakes,
which are brilliantly coloured, red and black being

They

‘foremost with them ; the Æydrophidae, or Sea Snakes ;

the Viperidae, or Vipers,’ of which the well-known
common British Viper is one of the smallest ; the

| Crotalidae, or Rattle Snakes, so well known by the

rattle at the end of the tail, formed by several horny
rings, which the animal shakes when irritated. It is
said that each ring means one year of age. When
warming itself in the sun, on the sand or small
pebbles, it is very difficult to detect, as it always lays
on sand or stones of its same colour. It is only
when trodden upon that it may be dangerous ; but
otherwise they remain under stones and are scarcely
seen. I have taken quite a large number without any
difficulty or risk. |

Cases 28- -44 contains the series of Chelonians or
Tortoises and Turtles. About 300 species are known,
the principal types being, Spargis coriaceus or Leather
Turtle, which is found throughout all the seas of the

November 1, 1891}

THE HUMMING BIRD. 85

tropical and temperate regions, and occasionally on
the British coasts. It is the largest living Chelonian
known, exceeding a length of six feet. The
Chelontidae, or Marine Turtles. These turtles are
thoroughly marine animals, their fin-like feet and their
light shell rendering them the best swimmers in the
class of reptiles. They are found sometimes several
hundred miles distant from the shore, where they
_ return periodically to lay from 100 to 200 soft-shelled
eggs, which they bury in the sand. The American
Indians, who know exactly the time when they lay
their eggs, come in numbers, with their wives and
children, to gather them. Armed with a pointed stick,
they feel the spots where the eggs are supposed to be,
and soon discover them. They also secure a
large number of turtles and feast on them during
many days. Caretta imbricata, or Hawk’s-bill
Turtle, is the species which furnishes the com-
mercial tortoise shell. The finest sort comes from
Celebes. Some fine shells are also found in the Gulf
of Mexico ; the Zvionychidae, or Fresh-water Turtles ;
the Zmydidae, or Fresh-water Tortoises. Macroclemmys
temminchit is the largest species. Its tail attains a
great length, and it is furnished with a crest resembling
that of a Crocodile. The Mata-mata, Chelys fimbriata
of Guiana, also a fresh-water Tortoise, is very remark-
able. Its head and neck are fringed with warty
appendages, floating in the water like some vegetable
growth, whilst the rough boned carapece resembles a
stone, an appearance which is of great use to this
creature in escaping the observation of its enemies as
in alluring to it unsuspicious animals, on which it
feeds. Lastly comes the TZestudinidae, or Land
Tortoises, amongst which are included the gigantic
Tortoises which were formerly very common in the
Mascarene and Galapagos Islands, where they could
be captured in any ‘number with the greatest facility.
They weigh from 100 to 300 pounds. The large male
specimen of Zertudo elephantina exhibited weighed
870 pounds. The gigantic Land Tortoise of Abingdon
Island, Zestudo abingdoni, is remarkable for its Jong
neck and its thin shell. That species is supposed to
be extinct now.

STAR FISH GALLERY.

The Star Fish Gallery contains a selected series of
the animals belonging to the class Echinodermata, of
which the Star Fishes are one of the best-known
types, but which besides includes also the Crinoids,
_ Sea-Urchins and Sea-Cucumbers, or Sea-Slugs,

A small collection of Vermes, or Worms, is also
exhibited in this Gallery.

Echinoids live on seaweeds and the animals that
are found on them. Such as have no teeth, like
Spatangus (Case 6), use their spout-like mouth to
take up the sand and débris on which they move, and
from which they extract some nourishment. Offzu-
voids live on the smaller Foraminifera ; Asteroids on
dead fishes, Oysters and Mollusks ; Æo/ofhurians on
shell or coral débris, and the minute organism it con-
tains; and Cvinoids on small tests of Foraminifera,
on Larvæ and on small Crustacea.

Echinoderms move but little; the unstalked
Crinoids, if they cannot find stones around which to

attach themselves, swim by beating the water with
their delicate arms, five being raised and five depressed
alternately. They are often of exceedingly bright
colours, and are very conspicuous objects. Some-
times they cover themselves over with seaweed, and so
hide their brilliancy. The spines of some forms are
exceedingly painful to the touch, and the stout plates
of some of the Goniasters must form admirable
organs of protection.

The power of restoring lost or injured parts is one
of the most remarkable points in their organisation.

Echinoderms are of great geological age, and were
very abundant in earlier periods. Two groups
(the Blastoids and Cystids) have completely dis-
appeared, and the Stalked Crinoids are far less
common than they used to be. They are found in
all seas, and extend to a great depth of the ocean.
They are most abundant in tropical seas.

Most Echinoderms lay their eggs in the water
where the larvæ are developed and swim about
freely ; but in a few, the young do not pass through
any metamorphosis, the eggs being received in special
pouches of the body of the parent, in which they are
hatched.

The £chinotdea, or Sea-Urchins, are used as food in
Italy and other countries. They are eaten raw or
cooked.

ECHINODERMATA are classified as follows :—
Crinoidea, or cup-shaped Echinoderms, of which a
fine specimen, Penfacrinus decorus, can be seen in
Case 7. ASTEROIDEA, or Star Fishes. Of this order,
a fine series of Asterias, Acanthaster, and Oreaster,
are exhibited.

Ophiuroidea, or Brittle Stars; Æchinoïdea, 01 Sea-
Urchins, in which the rays are not free, as in the Star
Fishes, or Brittle Stars, but unite to form a compact
spherical heart, or dish-shaped test, covered with
spines, which sometimes attain a great length, as
shown in the fine example of Diadema setosa, from
Andamans; and the Holothurioidea, or Sea Cucumbers,
in which order are exhibited various specimens of the
edible Æo/ofhurians, trepang, or béche de mer, so
highly prized by Chinese.

SHELL GALLERY.

A large gallery has been devoted to the exhibition
of Shells, or Mollusca. It constitutes one of the prin-
cipal divisions of the animal kingdom, and includes
such animals as the Octopus, Cuttlefish, Snail, Slug
Whelk, Cockle and Oyster.

They may be characterised as soft, cold-blooded
animals. Their heart consists of two or more
chambers, and is situated on the dorsal side of the
animal. It drives the blood into spaces between the
various organs of the body. Only the Cephalopods
possess internal cartilages, but without osseus
end skeleton. In the majority this is compen-
sated by an external hardened shell. This
shell may consist of two parts (valves), as in the
Oyster, or may be single, as in the Snail. Upon the
upper surface of the foot, in many Gastropods, a
flat, hard structure, termed the operculum, is situated,
which, when the animal is retracted, partly or entirely
closes the aperture of the shell.

86 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[November 1, 1891

The reproduction of Mollusks is in all cases effected
by means of eggs. The number of eggs produced by
some bivalves is enormous. The common Oyster is
said to produce a million or more, and the American
variety ten, or even sixty, times as many. ‘Terrestrial
Mollusks are not so prolific. They deposit but very
few eggs; but in certain groups, such as the large
South American Sumi, and the African Achatinae,
they are protected by a hardened calcareous shell,
and approaches in size a pigeon’s egg.

Very little is known about the limits of age of
Mollusks. It is very probable that they live for a
considerable period. ‘They have the faculty to hiber-
nate in cold climates, and to assume a state of
torpidity in tropical countries, closing up the aperture
of their shells with a temporary lid or door (epiphragm),
in order to resist to the dryness of the atmosphere or
to the cold.
they revive, and are seen crawling in every
direction.

Mollusca made their appearance on the globe at a
very early date, and a large number of fossil forms
have beën found. ‘The great number are inhabitants
of the sea; some are found in rivers and lakes, and
others live on land, on mountains, in valleys, forests,
etc. Hence their designation as Marine, Fluvatile, or
Land Shells.

Case 1 contains the Chepalopods, including the
Octopus, Cuttlefish, Squid, Spirula, the Paper and
Pearly Nautilus. Case 1E includes the Pteropods,
called also Sea Butterflies.

Cases 1E—17D contain the Gastropods, including
the Conidae, or Cones, one of the most beautiful of
families of Shells, of which about 400 species are
known. They are beautiful shells, and highly prized
by the amateurs. £50 has been paid for a single
shell. Next to the Cones come the Zerebridae, or
Auger Shells; the Pteuromatidae, or Slitslips; the
Muricidae, or Rock Shells; the Buccinidae; the
Oltvidae, or Olives; the Æarpidae, or Harps; the
frasctolaridae, the Mitridae, or Mitras; the Volutidae, or
Volutes; the Cassididae, or Helmet Shells; the
Doliidae, or Tun Shells; the Cypreidae, or Cowry
Shells; the Cyclophoridae and Helicinidae, etc., etc.
The Olives, Harps, Mitras, Volutes, and Cowry Shells
are highly prized by collectors in consequence of their
variety in colour and their beauty.

Cases 12G to 17D includes the Px/monata or Land
and Fluviatile Shells; such as Æe/icidae, or Land
Snails; Zimacidae, or Slugs ; Zimnæidae, or Fresh-
water Snails, etc. Many species of Helix are usually
eaten. About 15,000 species are known.

Cases 17E to 268 includes the PELECYPODA, or
Bivalves ; suchas Venus-Shells, Cockles, Razor Shells,
Clams, Piddocks, Ship Worms, Sea and Fresh-water
Mussels, and the well-known Oysters, of which many
species are known, many of them good to eat, and
producing occasionally pearls ; but the finest of them
are found in Meleagrina margaritifera, or Pearl
Oyster, which is found abundantly in Ceylon and West
Australia. It has a very strong shell, lined with thick
layers of mother-of-pearl. Hundreds
these shells are annually imported into Europe, where
they sell at a very good price.

When the warmth and rain re-appears,

of tons of

Jt is employed in many industries. The nacre is
generally of a pearly-white colour, rarely dark, and
occasionally almost black. The pearl is the produce
of the effort of the animal to get rid of the irritation
caused by a foreign substance between its valves, and
by covering it with nacre.

One of the most ancient, and, at the present day,
the most important of the pearl fisheries is that
carried on in Ceylon. The banks on which the
oysters grow are at an average depth of 30 to 60 ft,
and extend several miles. The oysters, which should
be six or seven years old when ‘collected, are
gathered in baskets by divers and hauled up by ropes
into hundreds of small boats. The shells are then
brought to land and left to die; then they are
minutely examined for the pearls, which are either
found loose in the shells or embedded in the fleshy
parts of the oysters. As many as two million of
oysters have been brought ashore in a single day.
A small proportion of the oysters contain pearls ; in
some they are very small (seed, or dust-pearls,
as they are called), and very few contain pearls
larger than a pea, which are so highly valued. A
very fine pearl can be bought at Ceylon for £40.
The Chinese obtain pearls artificially from a species
of fresh-water Mussel, Difsas plicata. In order to
do this, they keep them in tanks and insert between
the shell and the animal either small shot or small
round pieces of mother-of-pearl, which soon receive
regular coatings of nacre, and assume the look of
ordinary pearls.

Case 26H and last contains the BRACHIOPODA,
which are now considered by some naturalists to be
more related to Annelids, or Marine Worms, than to
Mollusca. Others maintain that their affinities lie
rather with Polyzoa and Tunicata, with which they
form a distinct class termed Molluscoida. As a
whole, the collection of shells of the British Museum
is one of the most complete known, and contains a
large number of types and rarieties. One of the best
acquisitions was that of the celebrated collection of
the late Hugh Cuming, of London.

GALLERY OF CETACEA.

For want of space, the collection of Cetacea has
been located in a large room in the basement, which
has the disadvantage of not being well lighted ; but a
better accommodation will be afforded to them when
the west front of the building will be erected. The
exhibition of Cetacea is limited to the skeletons of
the larger species.

On entering, on the left side of the door, near the
window is a case containing a stuffed specimen,
skeleton, and several skulls of the very curious Fresh-
water Dolphin, Platanista gangetica, and in the next
case the peculiar Dolphin of the river Amazon, /7za
geoffrensis. Among the other interesting species can
be seen the Narwhal or Sea Unicorn. It has only
two teeth, which lie horizontally in the upper jaw.
In the female, both remain permanently concealed
within the bone of the jaw, so that this sex is
practically toothless; but in the male, while the
right tooth remains similarly concealed and abortive
(as shown in the specimen by removal of part of the

November I, 1891]

bone which covered it), the left is immensely
developed, attaining a length equal to that of half the
entire of the animal, projecting horizontally from the
head in the form of a long, straight, tapering and
pointed tusk, spirally grooved on the surface. In
some very rare cases both teeth are fully developed,
as in the fine skull exhibited near the skeletons.

‘Most of the largest Cetacea exhibited belong to the
group called “ Whalebone Whales” in which a series
of horny plates called baleen or more familiarly
‘“ Whalebone” grow from the palate in place of teeth,
and serve to strain the water taken into the mouth
from the small marine animals on which these
whales subsist. Four distinct types or genera are
represented in the collection, the Aa/aena or right
whales, of which the well-known Balaena mysticetus
of the Artic seas is a fine representative. It yields
whalebone of the greatest value for commercial pur-
poses ; the /Veobalaena of which very little is known.
One skeleton of this remarkable whale of small size
(less than 20 feet) from New Zealand and Australia is
placed on the left side of the room, near the
windows ; the Megaptera or humpbacks, of which a
skeleton is exhibited; the Pa/aenoptera, containing
the various species of Rorquals, Fin-whales, Fin-backs
and the Finners or Razor-backs, which are found in
almost every sea.

Among them is the most gigantic of all animals,
Balaenoptera sibboldi, which attains the length of 80
feet, and is common inthe seas between Scotland and
Norway. Almost of equal colossal proportions is the
common Rorqual (Lalaenoptera musculus) found some-
times on the English coast. The complete skeleton,
68 feet long, from the Moray Frith, Scotland, where
it was captured in 1882, shows extremely well the
osteological characters of this group of whales.

Another species not uncommon on the English
coast is the small Balaenoptera rostrata, which
never reaches 30 feet in length.

Of the family /Physeteride, including the great
Sperm-whale or Cachalot (Physeter macrocephalus)
I have already mentioned the skeleton exhibited in the
Central Hall of the Museum.

The order CETACEA is one of the best marked and
most natural of all the larger groups of Mammalia.

In all essential characters, by which Mammals are
distinguished from the other vertebrated animals,
such as possessing warm blood, breathing air by
means of lungs, bringing forth their young alive, and
nourishing them for a time with milk, they agree with
the other members of their class; the striking
external differences being all in relation to their
adaptation to an entirely aquatic mode of life. The
animals of this order of Mammalia abound in all
known seas and some species, among which
Platanisia gangetica and Inia geoffrensis are in-
habitants of the larger rivers of Central and South
America and Asia.

In size the Cetacea vary much, some of the smaller
Dolphins scarcely exceeding four feet in length, while
others are the most colossal of all animals.

With some exceptions they are timid, inoffensive
animals, active in their movements and very affectionate
in their disposition towards one another—especially
the mother towards the young, of which there is

THE HUMMING BIRD. 87

usually but one, and at most two, at a time. They
are generally gregarious, swimming in herds, some-
times amounting to many hundreds, though some
species have hitherto only been met either singly orin
pairs.

The great commercial value of the oil, which all
the Cetacea yield, and the special products useful to
man of certain species, as whalebone, spermaceti, etc.,
cause some to be subject to an unremitting persecu-
tion, which has of late greatly diminished their
numbers, and threatens some of the most interesting
species with total extermination.

The existing members of the order are separated
into very distinct suborders, having important dif-
ferences in their structural characters, and with no
transitional or intermediate forms. These are the
Toothed Whales or ODONTOCETI, and the Baleen
Whales or MYSTACOCETI.

The first suborder, ODONTOCETI, or DELPHINO-
IDEA, includes the families Physeteridae Platanistidae
and Delphinidae.

The second suborder, MySTACOCETI or BALAENO-
IDEA, includes the several genera of Whalebone
Whales.

EAST WING.
GROUND FLOOR.

GEOLOGICAL AND PALAEONTOLOGICAL GALLERIES.

The ground floor of this wing consists, as on the
other side of the building, of a gallery running west |
and east the whole length of the wing in front, of a
smaller parallel gallery behind it, and leading from
the latter, a series of galleries running north and
south. The whole of this floor is occupied by the
collection of the remains of animals and plants
which flourished in geological periods anterior to that
in which we are now living. Some of these belong to
species still existing upon the earth, but the great
majority are extinct.

SOUTH-EAST GALLERY.
VERTEBRATE ANIMALS.

Class Z—MAMMALIA.

The cases in the South-East Gallery are devoted to
the exhibition of the remains of animals of the class
MAMMALIA, the great proportion of which are only
met with as petrifactions, or fossils, in those newer
layers known to geologists as the Tertiary and
Quaternary deposits, forming the more superficial
part of the earth’s crust. Earlier traces of such
higher class of animals are comparatively rare, but are
met with in the Eocene formation, and a very few
remains of the lower type, which are extremely small
in size, occur in rocks of secondary age. Quite
recently (1889) Professor O. C. March has discovered
in the ‘‘ Laramie” formation, in strata of cretaceous
age, in Dakato and Wyoming territories, North
America, numerous remains of small mammals having
close affinities with those previously known and
described, from strata of Triassic and Jurassic age.

38 THE HUMMING BIRD.

Many of the mammalia found fossil are extinct, but
a very large number belong to forms closely related
to, or even identical with, existing terrestrial orders,
such as the cat tribe, “lion and tiger,” the dog, wolf,
seal, bear and hyzena, the rhinoceros, horse, elephant,
pig, etc. The deposits which have yielded the
largest proportion of these remains are met with in
caves and fissures in limestone rocks ; in old lake and
river valley basins, shell marls and peat deposits,
ancient forest beds covered up and submerged, and
delta deposits formed in the estuaries of great rivers.

PRIMATES.-—Man and Monkeys.

In Table Case No. 1 are placed various human
remains from Kent’s Cavern and other caves ; also
remains of Quadrumana, or Monkeys. In Pier Case
No. 2 is placed the fossil human skeleton brought from
‘Guadaloupe, in the West Indies, by Sir Alexander
Cochrane, and presented to the Museum by the
Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty.

Carnivora (flesh-eating Animals).

In Table Case No. 2, Pier Case No. 3, are exhibited
the remains of a large number of carnivorous animals,
chiefly from caves, representing the Lion, Lynx,
Hyena, Wolf, Fox, Dog, Badger, Glutton, Otter,
Weasel and many others. The skull of the Great
Sabre-toothed Tiger, A/achaerodus neogaeus, is very
remarkable for the enormous development of the
canine teeth.

In Pier Case No. 4 are exhibited the skeleton of the
great Cave Bear, Ursus spelaeus from the Pleistocene
cave deposits of Lozère, France.

In Table Case No. 3 are exhibited remains of the
Grizzly Bear (?) Ursus horribilis, from caves in
England and other countries ; also Marine Carnivora
(Seals and Walruses), comprising a good series of the
tusks of a large extinct Walrus (Z7ichechus Huxleyi),
from the red crag of Suffolk.

PROBOSCIDEA (ELEPHANTS).

The cases on the north side of this gallery are
nearly entirely devoted to the exhibition of the
largest series of the fossil remains of the Elephants,
Mastodon and Dinotherium. This collection of skulls,
tusks and models of all the principal forms is very
extensive (probably the largest brought together in
any museum), and very valuable.

Among the most remarkable fossil remains ex-
hibited in Table Cases No. 5—154, I will mention
the restoration of Zinoceras ingens Marsh, extinct
herbivorous animal ; a fine series of casts, skulls and
bones of the Dznocerata, presented by Protessor
Marsh ; the incisor teeth, skull, lower jaw, and some
limb bones of an animal named 7oxodon, probably
larger than a horse, but having incisor teeth in its jaw.
Cast of the skeleton of Phenacodus primaevus, Cope,
skull and lower jaw of Rhinocerus leptorhinus Owen ;
R. megalodus, Cope and other extinct species of
Rhinoceros; Cast of the skeleton of Bvontops
robustus ; a restoration of the skeleton of FPadaeo-
therium, aform between the rhinoceros, tapir and horse.

The deer tribe, Cervidae are well represented both
by entire skeletons in the centre of the gallery, and
also by a fine series of detached heads and antlers of
various species upon the pier-cases.

\

[November 1, 1891.

The most remarkable is the gigantic Irish deer,
Megaceros giganteus, of which remains have been met
with, in considerable numbers, in Ireland.

Among Sirenia the skeleton of the living Manatee,
Manatus americanus found in Central and South
America, and that of Ahytima gigas or Sea-cow are
very interesting, as/also the fossil remains of Cefacea ;
the restored skeleton of SceZdotheririn leptocephalum,
Owen; and the skeleton of the extinct gigantic
Armadillo, Glyptodon clavifes, Owen.

AVES (BIRDS).

Among the birds, the A7chabhio;yx macrura seems
to be the oldest fossil bird at present discovered.
This remarkable long-tailed bird was obtained from
the lithographic stone of Eichstadt, near Solen-
hofen, in Bavaria. In the same Table Case No. 13
are exhibited twenty-six casts of bones of the extra-
ordinary Hesperornis regalis, a large toothed bird,
measuring nearly six feet from the extremity of the
bill to the end of the toes. |

Along with this remarkable form of toothed wingless
birds, there is another, named by Professor Marsh
Ichthyornis, which had well-developed powerful wings
aud a strongly kernel sternum. Its jaws were armed
with teeth, placed in distint sockets, and its vertebræ,
unlike those of other birds, were biconcave, as is the
case ina few recent and in many extinct reptiles.

The next oldest birds whose remains are preserved
in this case are from the London clay of the Isle ot
Sheppey.

One of these, Dasornis londiniensis, represented by
a single imperfect skull, was as large as an ostrich and
probably closely related to that bird.

Table Case No. 12 and Wall Cases Nos. 23 and 24
are mostly occupied with remains of the great extinct
wingless bird the Moa or WDzinornis from New
Zealand. Professor Owen has described no fewer
than eighteen species of these extinct running birds
varying in size from three to upwards or ten feet in
height, and differing greatly in their relative forms,
some being tall and slender and probably swift-footed,
like the modern ostritch, whilst others were short and
very stout-limbed as in the specimen of Dinornis
elephantopus, which was undoubtedly a bird of great
strength, but very heavy footed.

Five nearly entire skeletons of Dzzornis are placed
in glass-cases P., R., and S.

In the wall-case, between the windows at the south-
east corner of the Pavillion are placed a tibia and
plaster-casts of other bones, also two entire eggs,
many broken pieces, and one plaster cast of an egg,
of an extinct wingless bird, named Aepyornis
(probably much larger than an Ostrich) found in the
superficial deposits of the Inland of Madagascar.
One of the eggs of this bird measures 8 feet in
its longest circumference and 2 feet 6 inches in girth,
and its liquid contents equal a little more than two
gallons. The size of these eggs, being about four
times larger than the egg of the living ostriches, it is
probable that the size of this extinct bird was larger
in the same proportion. ‘They are much larger in
size than the eggs of Dznornis.

In the same case may be seen bones of the Dodo
(Didus ineptus), from Mauritius, and a mounted

November 1, 1897]

skeleton of the Great Auk (Acca impennis), from Funk
Island.

RFPTILIAN GALLERY.

This gallery is devoted to the exhibition of the
remains of fossil Reptilia, which includes the
Tortoises and Turtles, Snakes, Lizards, Crocodiles,
and a large number of extinct forms. Like the
Mammalia, the reptilian class lived both on land and
in the water. One group, now extinct, possessed,
like the Bats and the Birds, the power of flight.

The remains of these Winged Lizards (Prevosauria)
are exhibited in Wall Case No. 1, and in Table Cases
Nos. 1 and 2. They are exceedingly remarkable.
The series of Crocodiles and Land Lizards’ skulls and
bones is very interesting. The portions of the
skeletons of Scelidosaurus Harrisoni and Lguanodon
mantelli is one of the largest of the great extinct land
_ reptiles, some of which certainly rivalled the elephant
in bulk. Other very interesting forms exhibited
among the carnivorous Reptiles are the Fish-Lizards
(Icthyosaura), remarkable by their long jaws, which
are armed with powerful teeth implanted in groves.
The skull had very large orbits, and the eyes
were surrounded by a ring of broad bony plates.
The hand and foot are modified into fin-like organs,
composed of short polygonal bones, arranged in five
closely approximated rows, with supernumerary rows
of marginal ossicles added.

The largest entire /cthyosaurus is from Lyme Regis,
and measures 22 feet in height and 8 feet across
the expanded paddles, but they often attained a far
larger size than this.

The Chelonza (Tortoises and Turtles) are exhibited
in two wall-cases and three table-cases placed in the
West Corridor, which connects the Mammalian with
the Reptilian Galleries. In Wall Case 12 are placed
the remains of a remarkable extinct Chelonia named
Miolania Owen:z, from Australia.

In Wall Case No. 13 is exhibited the skeleton of
the Long-necked Sea-Lizard. P/esiosaurus, from the
Lias of Lyme, Regis, Dorset.

Another interesting form of Lizard (snake-like in
form) is Bothriceps huxleyi, from South Africa.

GALLERIES RUNNING NORTH FROM THE
REPTILIAN GALLERY.

There are seven galleries running at right angles
to the Reptilian Gallery, about 140 feet in length,
three of which are forty feet in breadth and four of
half that width. The first narrow gallery is occupied
by the General Library.

The first wide Gallery is devoted to the exhibition
of the Fossil Fishes, and contains thirty two Table-
cases and about 260 feet linear of Wall-cases.

Here are exhibited the finest known collection of
Fossil Fishes. Lately it has received two splendid
additions by the acquisition of the famous collection
of the Earl of Enniskilen and that of the late Sir
Philip de Malpas Grey-Egerton.

In narrow Gallery No. 7 are displayed the fossils
CEPHALOPODA, being the first section of the Inverte-
brate animals and the highest division of the
Molluscan Class. A Table-case is devoted to the
PTEROPODA or Wing Shells.

THE HUMMING BIRD. 89

The second of the wide Galleries has thirty two
Table-cases and Wall-cases. In it are placed the
remaining groups of the Mollusca, viz, the Gasteropoda,
the Lamellibranchiata, and the Brachiopoda. It also
contains the Polyzoa, the Znsecta, and Crustacea, the
Annelida, and Echinodermata.

(Zo be continued.)

“ World’s Columbian Exposition.”
nestles AU

BATIMENT DE L'ADMINISTRATION.

C’est l'opinion d’un bien grand nombre d’architectes
que le tableau architectonique de l'Exposition de
Chicago excellera toutes les expositions précédentes.

Quoique une telle opinion. pourrait être influencée
par l’orgueil patriotique, il est néanmoins certain que
l'Exposition offrira beaucoup de points et groupes qui
seront au moins nouveaux dans leur genre ; l’on peut
dire en même temps que peu d’édifices, tellement
magnifiques et d’une telle beauté comme ceux-ci, ont
jamais été construits.

Le tableau en général se divise en trois groupes.
Les édifices des différents Etats de l'Union et des
Gouvernements étrangers se trouveront sur la partie
du nord, au milieu des améliorations déja existantes.
Ils sont situés au long de promenades, formant ainsi
des groupes pittoresques, ou dessous des arbres om-
breux, aux bords des lacs ou à côté de larges pelouses.
Le centre de ce groupe principal est formé par le
Palais des Arts.

A l'extrémité sud-ouest de ce groupe se trouve, sur
une péninsule qui entre au nord de la lagune, mettant
de cette manière ce groupe en rapport avec le plus
rapproché, dont le centre n’est pas formé par un grand

_édifice, mais par une grande ile boisée, entourée de

canaux, aux bords desquels ces bâtiments sont situés.
Ceux de ces derniers, qui se trouvent au sud de ce
groupe, forment à leur tour une transition au troisième
au sud.

Quant aux bâtiments, on peut dire que ce dernier
groupe paraît égal au groupe principal, va qu'il con-
tient les plus importants des édifices internationaux.

Par contraste au groupe central, où la nature pré-
domine autant que possible dans une telle entreprise,
l'architecture est le principe fondamental du groupe
plus au nord et supérieur.

L’horticulture vient aider ici, et la proximité de la
grande mer méditerranée a servi à créer de grandes
voies d’eau, offrant ainsi un nombre de vues splen
dides.

Pour compléter ce groupe il y faut ajouter une
longue jetée promenade et le Casino. C’est ici que
la jetée, ayant 1,500 pieds de longueur, s’etendra vers
l’est sur le lac, en se ramifiant à son bout en deux
branches qui se dirigent au nord et au sud. Sur
celle du nord il y a le Casino, d’où, regardant vers la
terre, l’on voit le centre de ce groupe principal. Nous
voyons de ce point premièrement un grand demi-
cercle, formé par des larges courbes de ponts au des-
sous desquels les eaux du Lac Michigan versent dans
le bassin qui se dirige étroitement vers l’ouest, en termi-
nant au fond du terrain de |’ Exposition.

90 THE HUMMING BIRD.

Treize colonnes élancées, portant des figures allé-
goriques qui représentent les treize premiers Etats de
l’Union de l'Amérique du Nord, sont placées sur ces
ponts.

Au milieu du cercle, dont ces colonnes font partie,
se lève dans le bassin une immense statue de la Liberté,
tandis que de larges pelouses et plants de fleurs
courent autour du bassin vers l’ouest.

Au nord et au sud de ces plants de fleurs il y a,
parallèlement au bassin, deslarges sentiers, et des deux
côtés de ces promenades seront placés quelques-uns
des principaux bâtiments internationaux. Au nord,
près du côté du lac, l’on voit la façade sud du grand
palais des manufactures, vers l’ouest le bâtiment de
l'Exposition d’Electricité et derrière, celui des Mines.

Au sud, en face du Palais des Manufactures, se
trouve l'Exposition Agricole, en face des autres deux
bâtiments, le Palais des Machines.

Placé au centre de l’espace, entre le Palais des
Machines et de l’Electricité, on trouve le bâtiment de
l'Administration qui forme le milieu et en même
temps le couronnement de ce groupe. Les édifices
environnants sont tous à peu près de la même hauteur.
Le bâtiment de l'Administration est muni d’un dôme
gigantesque qui donne au groupe une apparence
majestueuse.

Il sera probablement le plus beau et le plus élégant
de tous les édifices qui se trouveront à l'Exposition
de 1893, vu qu'il sera magnifiquement décoré et en

proportion de ses dimensions, le plus dispendieux,

La hauteur du bâtiment, qui est situé sur une terasse
plus élevée que les autres, sera de 250 pieds. Son
grand dôme sera visible de partout, et la vue que l’on
jouira d’ici sur tout le terrain de l'Exposition sera
magnifique.

Le bâtiment de l'Administration coûtera $650,000.
Le plan a été fait par Mr. Richard M. Hunt, de New
York, Président de l'Institut Américain des Archi-
tectes, qui est en même temps le Président du Conseil
des Architectes de l'Exposition Universelle. La con-
struction prendra la forme d’un carré et aura une
longueur de 250 pieds. A ses quatre coins l’édifice
est sous-divisé en quatre pavillons de 84 pieds chacun.
De cette manière restera un espace de 32 pieds au
milieu de chaque côté, où se trouvera un grand portail.
Le centre du bâtiment entre les pavillons forme une
rotonde, au-dessus de laquelle se trouve le dôme.
L'ensemble de tout les bâtiments est de style renais-
sance française. Au rez-de-chaussée prédomine l’ordre
dorique, aux coins des quatre pavillons qui auront 65
pieds d’hauteur ressautent des piliers immenses, qui
soutiennent des groupes allégoriques en marbre.

Le deuxième étage aussi de 65 pieds d’hauteur,
mais d’une circonférence plus petite est la continuation
de la rotonde intérieure, et aura 175 pieds carrés de
diamètre. Il est entouré d’une colonnade ouverte
de colonnes ioniques de 20 pieds de largeur sur 40
pieds de hauteur. La colonnade est séparée aux
quatre coins par des pavillons de toits aplatis, pen-
dant que les quatre piliers sont munis de figures
sculptées. De larges escaliers donnent accès du
terrain uni à la colonnade.

Le dessus de cet étage sert de base au dôme. Une
base octogone se lève à une hauteur de 30 pieds et
c'est au-dessus d’elle que se soulève le dôme quest

«50 pieds de diamètre,

[Movember 1, 1891

doré, partiellement mélé d’un bleu foncé, avec des
sculptures superbes.

La rotonde est éclairée par le jour qui entre par le
sommet du dôme couvert de verre. A chaque coin
de la base octogone du dome il y a des grands aigles
sculptés, pendant que les panneaux sont ornés de haut
reliefs. Les quatre principaux portails aux cotés ont
50 pieds de largeur et la même hauteur; les voûtes
magnifiquement décorées au-dessus des portails sont.
en plein cintre. Par dessus les grandes portes, qui se
trouvent au bout intérieur des ces portails, sont placées
des grandes fenêtres, avec un balcon mettant en
rapport les différents pavillons.

La décoration intérieure de l’édifice sera, si c’est
possible, encore plus riche que l’extérieur. Les
entrées aux différent bureaux se trouvent dans un
corridor de 30 pieds de long et de la même largeur,
qui sort chaque fois entre deux portails. La commu-
nication avec les étages supérieurs est établie par des
escaliers tournants et par des ascenseurs. La division
de l'édifice en huit parties par les pavillons se trouve
aussi dans l’intérieur, où huit arcs correspondent à
ceux au-dessus des portails.

Une frise d’une largeur de 27 pieds, décorée de
tablettes et d'inscriptions, les premieres avec des
figures en bas-relief, se trouve sur ces voûtes.

L’étage supérieur de la rotonde est fermé par une
corniche richement décorée qui porte un balcon pas-
sant tout autour du bâtiment au niveau de la colonnade
extérieure.

Au-dessus de ce balcon il y a un second étage de
dont le plafond repose sur
des pilastres, entre lesquels se trouvent des fenêtres
ayant vue sur la colonnade. Le dôme intérieur de
200 pieds de hauteur aura à son couronnement une
ouverture de 50 pieds de diamètre qui permettra l’en-
trée du jour par le dôme extérieur. La rotonde sera
magnifiquement décorée,

Les quatre principaux pavillons, de la partie infé-
rieure du bâtiment sont sous-divises chacun en quatre
étages qui serviront de bureaux à l'Administration.

Un des pavillons contiendra au niveau du terrain
un poste de police et d'incendie, dans un autre il y
aura l’ambulance et les chambres pour les médecins
et le pharmacien ainsi que le département des affaires
étrangères et d'informations. Dans le troisième se
trouve le bureau de poste et une banque, et enfin dans
le dernier la salle d’attente et un restaurant.

Aux quatre étages seront placés les bureaux du
Directeur Général, des différents comités, et le
département de la Publicité.

L'on peut dire que c’est quelque chose de parti-
culier, non-seulement de cet édifice mais du plan
entier de l'Exposition, que le bâtiment de l’Admini-
stration, qui occupe usuellement un rang inférieur, est
dans ce cas le bâtiment le plus magnifique, formant
le point central du groupe principal.

On se propose d’en faire un bâtiment monumental,
le seul de ce genre à l'Exposition.

M. P. Hanpy,
Chef de Bureau.

AYME,
Chargé de la Presse étrangère.

November 1, 1801] THE HUMMING BIRD. Vv
! STAMPS (continued). s. d
NOVEMBER LIST OF STAMPS Nevis, 1861, 1d dull rose unused doe ee tus 3 0
» 6d grey-lilac, fine. boc io MOO
ON SALE BY New South Wales, 1850, 1d red very fine: ik 5c) | ED)
A » 2dbluedo. do... OO
Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & Co. 1888, 5s purple wmk. 5srare …. 7 0
New Zealand, 1856, 21 blue … we 4 6
225, HicH HoLporn, AY 1862—63, 6d brown, pelure paper boo 7 6
Lonpon, W.C. a on) Élsioreen te do. idole NET)
3 61 brown, do. do.perf. fine 20 0
(AU Stamps guaranteed Genuine.) Oldenburg, 1859, 2 gros. black on rose dob see (2) 20
8. d. de De », on yellow Au Beenie AH)
: à 3 1861, 4 ,, green .. its Ds BAS 16 6
HSE ie a aye es : ec Poland, 1859. 10 kopecs, blue & red ... 2 6
British East Africa, 1890, 4 anna on 1d black & lac Queensland, 6d yellow, registered, used fine 6s, unused 10 0
= oe Ce a SE 7 6 | Roumania, 1873—79, 5 bani blue (error unused) ... 10 0
) 5 do, rose Le SOON 10
Brash ee st Africa, 1800 1 anna on 2d black, green 12 6 South Australia, 1859, ee yellow, or orange, each ... o 0
British East Africa, 1890, 4 annas, on 5d black, lilac Spain, Ba of Madrid, 1 cuar.o bronce, he, ae 29 6
& blue, unused : 20 014 pees 1 s a Ped
British Guiana 1862, Provisional, 2 cents, black c on EMD SOC. ements, 1867, 12 cents, HOU CE green, ns D. 0
yellow RE ipe Re } 60 0 Sweden, 6 skill. banco, grey fine Se 5 0
British Guiana, 1889, 48c. purple & orange red sat 1 6 RE Fe Id De An ast : Ha FA a
Brunswick, 1851, 2 sil. gros, blue... 5 0 Due à eat A rails, A Fee stamps... ors
ii uscany, so yellow
Canada, 1851, sterling el aig rot big 5 3 United Stutes, 185160, 5 cents brown unused fine 7 6
Ve a ah Hat sy 24 cents, lilac unused fine aah 4 6
cee Good 1 Rad ee PAE ee Ries Vs , 18€1—-65, 90 cents, biue, unused fine 10 0
À 1861—-63 4d oct. rose (fine) … aL spa IB 0) ” à 5 do., yellow, used fine a '
8d ,, brown do. ... ai 2000 7 869, 15 cents blue @ brown ... PE
Costa Rica, "set of 9 k D eae 2 0 2 29 a Bp ee Bree ' 3 :
Denmark, 1851, 2 rigsbank skil. blue . 4 0 ” Nee uae bh ne Fo
Dutch Indies, 1864, 10 cents crimson perf. (0 ” AY ay CO ny te 0
Egypt., 1888, 10 piastres, violet whe 0 9 BY Mies DP AA
Fiji Islands, 1874, 6 cents black & grecn (fine) 25 0 ” Pals He mA
ue 1872, 12 cents, black & rose do. 6 0 72 » 10 BD de 1 6
France, 1852, 19 centimes buff (fine) . 3 6 do to » 2 0
Great Britain, 1880, 2s, red brown … HAE DO > 09 30 9 BY 2 6
a 1881—83, 2s 6d, 5s, 10s, the three Ae 1 6 »» w. ” ”
1884, £1, marone ; ; 3 0 War, complete set unused ee 7 0
i FR cle eagle 3 ache ead 4 6 Victoria, 1856, Too Late unused fair copy ... .. 60 0
ut 1883.90. set of 8 Gov.} Re anette Western Australia, 1855, 4d blue, unused fine u 6
Hy ‘i 12 ihe pe 6 0 1862, 1s green, unused fine … 20 0
Hamburg, 1864, 7 schill. yellow perf. . 8 6 Wiirtemburg, 1853, 18 Kr. blue fine .. dod Hee 15910
ae He ee os black a and rose ‘i : Wholesale lots of Stamps present issues.
Hong- Kong, 1863—71, 13c, lilac, wmk. cc & crown New South Wales, id violet . aes 6d per 100
rare... 5 0 blue sg Bas ws Tee
India, 1886, provisional ‘surcharged it in tall | letters, New Zealand, 4d ue Tao
6 annas, lilac & green ab as 3 6 Id , éd,
India, 1886, surcharged in short letters, 6. annas, Queensland, ld red a Gd) one
lilac & green. uae aus end 6 O | South Australia, 4d small brown DATs he
Italy, 1879, 30 cent, brown unused 1 3 | Victoria, $d rose.. UES SO 0 Op
Japan, 1876 —79, 45 sen red unused rare 7 6 KS 1d brown 8 Hse
Luxemburg, 1863, 374 c., green 3 O0 | Great Britain, Gov. Parcels iad 28 doz
Mauritius, 1863—72, 58 mauve.. 3 6 < 38 ,,
Natal, 1857—58, 3d rose, very fine 16 0 La ld black ue 1s 6d ,,

FOR SALE.
Books on Natural History, etc.

Atlas d’Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
les plus connus dessinés d’aprés nature par
Martinet, Paris, 1784.

1 Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition.
Contents: Epitre à Buffon, Tableau général
du classement des Oiseaux divisés d’après
Buffon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou
Familles. 150 splendid coloured plates par
Martinet. Exceedingly rare, perhaps uni-
que. L150:

Agassiz — Nomenclator Zoologicus, Soloduri, 1842-
1846, gros vol. in 4to. 408.

— Nomenclatoris Zoologici, index universalis Solo-
duri, 1848, int2mo ... Ios,
— De l'espèce et des classifications en 1 Zoologie,
1 vol. in 8vo. ; 4S.
America, by John Ogilby, “Esq. Wwendon 1671
Grand in folio, 675 pages, 121 -splendid
Engravings and Maps. 2x0:
Boucard, A. — Catalogius Avium; contenant 2,456
genres et I1,030 espèces, avec une nouvelle
classification systématique. Londres, 1876,
1 vol. in 38vo.. 10S.
— Monographic LG of ane one ose with
description of new species. (From the Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society of London),
1874. Brochure in 8vo, avec planche
coloriée se Nes Bie AS.
— La même, planche noire ee re 25.

vi

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[Movember 1, 1891

Lépidoptères de la Californie, Bruxelles,

1869, br. in 8vo : a 45.
Bonaparte--Conspectus generum avium, 18 50-1857.
2 vol. 50s.

— Geo cnioal and bnp ist ot the birds
of Europe and North America, 8vo.. 6s.
Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno Ge a
impreso en el idioma Mexicano, por un
Sacerdote devoto de la Madre santissima de
lMEuz ete, Pueblatrero Vol
pages, one side in Mexican, the other in
Spanish de 40S.
Candéze— Histoire des métamorphoses de quelques
coléopteres exotiques, Liège, 1861, 1 vol. in
8vo, 6 planches noires 1250
— Monographie des Elatérides, Liège, 0 1863,
4 vol. in 8vo, 25 pl. noires ... de 32S.
— Elatérides nouveaux (Complément a la mono-
graphie), Brux. 1864, in 8vo, br. ts. 6d.
Castelnau et Blanchard—Histoire naturelle des In-
sectes, avec une introduction par Brullé, 3 vol.
in 8vo.. ae à 405.
Catalogue des Coléoptères a Europe (extrait du
Généra des Coleoptères d'Europe de Jacquelin
du Val et Fairmaire) vol. in 6 3s. 6d.
Catalogue of Coleopterous Insects in the collection of
the British Museum, with descriptions of new
species.

—- Longicornia, Part I. et II. ee Adam White,

21 vol. in 8vo ven . 8s.
— Cassidide, par Boheman, r vol. in 8vo.. 5S.
— Cucujidæ, par J. Ed. Gray PA i Is.
— Cleride, par Adam White ,, ARE 2 SOC
— Passalidæ, Buprestidæ, par Smith, 1 vol.
in 8vo... iS:

Chenu—Lecons élémentaires sur Vhistoire naturelle,
Conchyologie, Paris, 1847, 1 vol. gr. in 8vo,
planches coloriées ... 20S.

— Manuel de Conchyologie et Paléontologie con-
chyologique contenant la description et la
représentation de près de 5,000 coquilles.
Paris, 1862, 2 vol. in 4to, planches noires et

coloriées SS 30S.
— Encyclopédie d’ histoire naturelle, ou Traité com-
plet de cette science :—Mammiferes, 5 vol. ;
Oiseaux, 6 vol. ; Reptiles et Poissons, I vol. ;
Coléopteres, 3 vol.; Lépidoptères, 2 vol. ;
Crustacés, Mollusques, et Zoophytes, 1 vol. ;
Annelés, 1 vol.; Botanique, 2 vol.; Mine-
ralogie, Géologie, Races humaines, 1 vol. Le
tout complet ... atte 100.
chaque volume séparément ... 55,

Crotch—Synopsis coleopterum europæ et ‘confinium.
London, 1871, in 8vo 25.

— Check List of the Coleoptera of ner north
of Mexico, Salem, Mass., in 8vo 6s.

— Catecismo y Declaracion He la Doctrina Chris-
tiana en lengua Otomi, con un Vocabulario

del mismo idioma, por el R. P. Joaquin Lopez
Yepes, Mexico, 1826. I Vol. in 4to, 254

pages : 6os.
Degland et Gere Omitholegs européenne, geme édi-
tion, Paris, 1867 dé ps 245.

67 double:

Deyrolle, Henri, Description des Buprestides de la
Malaisie, recueillis par Wallace, pac 1 vol.
in 8vo, 4 planches coloriées .. 128.

| Diagrams of Natural History, edited by A. Boucard.

20 sheets, 18-in. by 24-in., comprising 166
Diagrams of Animals and ’ Plants, life size,
beautifully printed in colours, and 37 Natural
specimens of Woods and Minerals, all neatly
mounted on very stout cardboard, the set
un, with Manual : 498.

(Quite indispensable for a school. je
Duponchel—Catalogue méthodique des Lépidoptères
d'Europe, Fort vol. in 8vo, de 523 pages
broché... ae 6s.
Duponchel et Guénée—Iconographie et histoire natu-
relle des chenilles d'Europe, avec 93 magnifi-

ques planches gravées et coloriées, nouvelle
édition, publiée en 4olivraisons à rf. Les 2 vol.,

reliés maroquin rouge, tranche dorée. 408.
Entomologists Annual SE foolscap, chaque
année . ane : 3S.

(En cours de publication. )
Entomologist’s ee Magazine, Nos. 1-86, chaque

numéro IS.
(En cours de publication. )
Etiquettes pour Insectes, Coquilles,
feuille 16X20 contenant 1326 étiquettes,

avec le nom de tous les pays explorés par les
voyageurs naturalistes. Chaque feuille est
divisée en cing parties: Europa, Asia, Africa,
America, Australia, etc., et chaque partie est
arrangée par ordre alphabétique. Un espace
blanc a été réservé sur chaque étiquette de
façon à pouvoir y mettre le nom scientifique de
l'espèce, et le nom du collecteur, la feuille... 3d.
(Une grande réduction sera faite aux personnes
gut commanderont plus de 100 feuilles a la fois.)
Felder—Lepidopterologische Fragmente, Wien, 1859,
in 4to, 11 pl.n. wee «15S.
Felder G. et R., Diagnoses lepidopterologicæ, Wien,
1 vol. in "8vo, 240 pages IOS.
| Gemminger et Harold— Catalogus Coleopterum: —
Vol. 1—Cicindelidæ,Carabidæ ... Been LS Se
Vol. 2—Dytiscidæ Gyrinidæ, Hydrophilidæ Sta-
phylinidæ à Scaphiidæ, inclus. IIS.
Vol. 3—Histeridæ à Lucanidæ, inclus age 7S.
Vol. 4—Scarabeeidee i Ne 2G
Vol. 5 — Buprestidæ, Elaterids à Cebrionidæ,
inclus Qs.
Vol. 6 — Rhypidoceridæ Malacodermidæ à
Cioidæ, inclus 7S.
Vol. 7—Tenebrionidæ à Oedemeridæ, inclus 14S.
Vol. 8—Curculionide ... ANT Se
Vol. 9 — Scolytidæ à Cerambycidæ (Prionini,

Cerambycini) 135.
Vol. 10—Cerambycidæ Bruchidæ 12s.
Vol. 11—Chrysomelidæ Es 12s.

(Cet ouvrage est touta } fait indespensable pour un
entomologiste. )

Grose Smith and Kirby, Rhopalocera exotica, being
illustrations of new, rare, or unfigured species
of Butterflies, & with coloured drawings and’
descriptions, 4 folio, Part 1 to 14 inclusive 44,
each, part published at .. 78. 6d.

November x, 1801]

THE HUMMING BIRD.

/

vil

LS a EE ET ER TETE

Godart et Duponchel—Histoire naturelle des Lépi-
doptères, d'Europe, 18 vol. in 8vo, 548 plan-

ches col. 20
Gurney—Catalogue of Raptorial Birds, Parts I. in
8vo ne 6s.
Harting—The Birds of Middlesex, 8vo CA gs.
Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, etc., by Don

Antonio Solis Brusselas, 1741
1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Engravings and
Maps. Pages 1 to 9 slightly stained... £10.
Historia General des las Cosas de Nueva Espana, by
Rey. Bernardino de Sahagun, con notas y su-
plementos, por Carlos Maria de Bustamente,
Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in 4to., uncut... £5.
Historia de las Conquistas de Hernando Cortez, por
Francisco Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas
y addiciones, por Carlos Maria de Busta-

mante, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. in 4to, 315
P-p Pe
Ibis — FA Quarterly Journal ‘of Ornithology, ee

art
En cours Fo publication. (7 ves Bap nandhs )
- Insecta? saundersiana, Part 1-8, 8vo, sewed, each
Part vey. 38.
Ditto ditto. Part Bn à 3S.
Jacquelin Du Val et Fairmaire. Genera des Coléop-
teres d’Europe, représentant plus de 1,500

types d’après nature et coloriés avec le plus

grand soin, 4 vol. cartonnés, 303 pl. col. (mag-
nifique ouvrage) 12.
- Jekel—Catalogus Curculionidum, 1 vol. in 12mo. 2s.
— Insecta Saundersiana Curculionides, Part I. 154
PASS se be 5S.

— Ditto ditto | ditto Part IL 22 25 5S.
Kirby, W. F. — = one Butterflies and Moths,
1 Vol. 4 folio, 427 pages, 61 coloured plates.
London, "1882. ï 328.

— Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera 1870. 1 vol.
in 8vo. 690 pages … 5 24S.
Kampuysens Stichtelyke Rymen, “by M. Mathieu,
Rotterdam 1688. 1 Vol. in £vo., 680 Pp. £1.
Lacordaire (Th.)— Monographie des Coléoptères sub-
pentamères Phytophages, 2 vol. gr in 8vo.

Liège 1848070 i 20S.

— Généra des Coléoptères, ‘rome L- XII. en 14 vol.

in 8vo. et 13 livr. de planches noires ... £6.

— Coloriées. Ouvrage complet L8.
Latreille—Cours d’entomologie, 1 gros vol. in 8vo.
et un atlas de 24 planches 15S.

Manual of Natural History, with many illustrations,
edited by A. Boucard ; second edition, 1 vol.
in 8vo., London, 1876 LY 45.
Milne ME Net de Zoologie, 2ème eaindenn

Paris, 1840—1843, 1 vol. in 8vo 16s.
_ Esters naturelle des Crustacés, Paris, 1837—
1840, 3 vol. in 8vo, avec 42 planches 30S.
— Coloriées oe ahs ; 4oS.

— Zoologie, 1 vol. : 6s.
Mulsant (E.) — Lettres à Julie sur Pentomologie,
Lyon, 1830, 2 vol. in 8vo. 15 planches
coloriées 30S.
Mulsant (E.)—Essai d’une classification méthodique
des Trochilidés ou Oiseaux Mouches, 1 vol. in
8vo. 98 p. $ 2.

Mulsant et Verreaux.— Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux.
Mouches ou Colibris constituant la famille des
Trochilidés. A ean

Marseuil l’Abeille— Journal d’Entomologic, spéciale

ment consacré aux Coléopteres, rere Série,
1864—1867, tomes I. à VI ... 758.
chaque volume séparément ... 153.
zeme. Série, 1870 “158:

— Catalogus Coleopterum Europe, ‘tvol. i in 8vO. 25.
Murray— On the geographical distribution of Mam
mals, 103 coloured plates and maps, 1 large
vol. in 4to tes EOS
Nauman A. Nauman’s Naturgeschichte der Vogel
Deutschlands ; 13 vol. in 4°, 391 coloured
plates, a magnificent copy, rare £25
Pouchet—Zoologie classique, 2 vol. in 8vo, 1,300
pages, atlas de 44 planches et 5 grands tableaux

gravés sur acier, figures noires 20S.
Ditto ditto coloriées 255.
Saunders, E.—Catalogus buprestidarum synonymi-
cus et systematicus. Londres, 1871, vol.
in 8yo.. 8s.
Sclater et Salvin—Nomenclator Avium neotropi-
calum . 16s.

Thomson, TA Natures Grande in folio, Paris,
1859, pl. noires 4os., coloriées 6os.
— Archives entomologiques ou illustrations d’In

sectes, nouveaux et rares, grand in 8vo,
2 vol., Paris, 1857-1858, pl. noires, 4os.,
coloriées 6os.

— Essai d’une classification de la famille des Céram-
bycides, grand in 8vo, 412 Pages, 3 planches,
Parise LoQo)! vrs ds 24S.
Thomson, ap —Monographie du genre Batocera,
grand i in folio, 3 pl. noires ... À 125.
Monographie de la famille des Cicindélides, 1857,
grand in 4to, 11 planches noires, 2os.,
coloriées : 24S.
Monographie de la famille des Monomides, 1860,
grand in 8vo, avec 3 planches coloriées 12S.
Monographie de la famille des Nilionides, in 8vo,

4pl.n.. . : 8s.
— Monographie du genre Spheniscus, grand i in folio,
2plein.... Ios.

Tezcoco en los ultimos tiempos de sus antiguos
Reyes. Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos
de Boturini y redactados por el Lic. Mariano
Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. 16mo, 276
pages ... 40S.

Various Calendarios Mens. IS.
and 2s. each.

Zoological Report, 8vo, 30s. annually (1864—1891
published) chaque volume 21s.
(Ouvrage indispensable pour un zoologiste.)

Zoological Society of London, Transactions, of pub-
lished in four parts annually (57 vol. published)
each part un-coloured, 3s., coloured 12s.

(Price of each volume sent on application.)

The Naturalist’s Agency will procure to his
Customers all the Scientific Works published in
London at publisher’s prices.

Apply at Naturalist’s Agency, 225 High Holborn,
London, W.C.

1830 to 1860,

Vili

BOUCA:

D,

NATURALISTS AND FEATHER
225, Kigh Elolborn, London, W.C.,

COMMISSION.

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[Wovember 1, 1891

FOTTI ER & CO.
MERCHANTS, ot
England.
EXPORTATION.

Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & CO. offer to sell on commission all kinds of Objects of Natural

History,
orders pinued and set, or in papers ;
Grustacee and Arachuidæ in spirit;

Feathers for Plumassiers and Naturalists:
Artificial Florists ;
ate., ete.

Collections of Mammal and Bird Skins, Skeletons, Human and Animal Skulls,
Marine, Fresh Water, and Land Shells ;
Ethnological collections from all parts;
Mammal Skins for Furriers ;
Rare old Stamps, used and unused; Curios of all sorts, Pictures and Works of Art, e’c.,

Insects of all
Reptiles and Fishes in spirit ;
Showy Bird Skins and
Bright species of Insects for

Ail possessors of such objects should not dispose of them without consulting Messrs. Boucard, Pottier
& Co., who having a lurge connection with Amateurs in all parts of the world, are able to get the very best

prices for thein.
Messrs. Boucard, Pottier & Co. beg to advise

undertake to stuff from à Humining Bird to a Whale at very reasonable prices.

scientific Taxidermists are employed by the hour for

Directors of Museums and private Amateurs that they
Only experienced and
that work, which will always be of the best class.

An inspection o. their Galleries, where a large number of specimens are always on show, is solicited.
Special fabrication of Mammazs and Birps Eyes at wholesale prices which defy all competition, either

as quality or price. See special Advertisement.

New Sranps vor Brirps, suitable for Museums and Scientific Institutions.
Awûs on these stands is unequalled, and everyone

them. The appearance of the

renovate the old ones. See Advertisement.

TO BE LET OR SOLD
SEVERAL PROPERTIES

AT SAN-REMO,

The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera,

4% minutes from Monte “arlo.

19 VILLA MARIA LUIGIA.

A charming residence, standing in its own ground, situated
Corso LEVANTE on one side and the BxACH on the other, at
about 15 minutes’ walk from the centre of the town and 20
from the station. Splendid view in all directions, beautiful
garden of about 2,000 mètres, in which a large space has been
laid purposely for lawn tennis and other games.

Carriage and private entrances.

Gumnastic, Summer Houses, \viary, Bathing Cabin, Fe.

- Excellent water.

Ground Floor.—Three fine rooms, full south, with 7 bay
windows opening on the Garden, Kitchen, Offices, Cellar, &c.

First Floor.—Three large and fine rvoms, fuli south, two on
the north side, all of them communicating. Magnificent for
Receptions, Soirées, &e. Cloak Room.

yea Ploor.-—Four large rooms, full south, one cf them
with dressing-room, three fine rooms on the north side. Cloak
Room. Corridor in the middle.
Size of Villa: length 18 metres, width 10 metres.

Price ... francs 60,000

LETTING.
Unfurnished, 4 . franes 3,500
Purnishe’, Winter season, 6 months 2,500

More the letting of the furniture according to the value of
same required.

Furnishet, Summer season, 3 months.

”

Price to agree.

LONDON : Published by A. BOUOARD, at 225, High Holborn, W.C.;

No one should be withcut
should adopt them and

29 VILLAS RONDO 25, 27.

| , Two semi-detached Villas, full south, standing in their own

ground of 1,000 mètres, situated on the Corso (raraBazDr, (the
most pleasant walk of the town) hardly at 10 minutes walk
from the central part of the town and 15 of the station.

No. 25.— Ground Floor.— Three fine rooms, Kitchen, Office,
and Cellar.

First Floor.—Six comfortable rooms.

No. 27-—Exactly the same, more Undergronnd floor with .
kitchen and two large rooms. Froni and back gardens.

Price for the two villas francs 45,000

Separately.

No. 25 francs 25,000
No. 27 francs 380,000
LETTING.

No. 25.—Unfurnished, franes 1,000

Furnished, winter season — 2,000.

— summer season ... — 1,000

No. 27.— Unfurnished francs 1,250
Furnished, winter season — 2,500

— summer season ... — 1,250

Separate floors can also Le let with or without furniture.

g À PIECE OF LAND, about 350 metres

Fuli soutl:, un the ‘'orso MezzocrorNo, two minutes frum
the station and the port, in the centza: part of the town.

francs 15,000
franes 800

Price
LETTING

Exchunge could be made for pro eae. situated in Hnglaad.

For further pu en to

| M, A. BOUCARD,
295. High Holborn, London, W.C.

an de me dE LEE

aad Printed at J.S. LEVIN’S Printing Works, 75, Leadenhall Street, E.O.

November 1, 1891.

fx The a

umming Bird

A MONTHLY SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC, AND INDUSTRIAL REVIEW.

GUARANTEED CIRCULATION, 5000.

VOL. 1, NO. 12. | December 1, 1891. | PRICE SIXPENCE,

Annual Subscription: United Kingdom, Post free, 4 shillings ; all countries included in the Postal Union, 5 shillings.
All other countries, 6 shillings.

EDITED UNDER THE DIRECTION

MR. ADOLPHE BOUCARD,

NATURALIST,
Officier d’Académie, 1878; Knight of the Royal Military Order of the Conception, 1881;
Knight Officer of the Royal Order of Cambodje, 1889; Knight Commander of the Royal Order of Isabelle la Catholique, 1882;
Corresponding Member of the Zoological Society, London, 1865;
de la Mission scientifique française au Mexique et dans l’Amérique centrale, 1866; of the Royal Museum of Madrid, 1881;
Commissioner for the Republic of Guatemala in the Paris International Exhibitions of 1878 and 1889;
Member of the International Jury, Paris, 1889 ; Member of many scientific societies ;
etc. etc: ‘etc: ete:

CONTENTS OF No. 12.—DECEMBER 1, 1891.

To the Subscribers and Correspondents of the Canal de Panama.
“ Humming Bird.” Obituary.
Books received. New and Rare Species of Birds described in
A Visit to the British Museum. Natural History Vol. I. of the ‘“ Humming Bird.”
Department.

Back Numbers of Vol. I. of “ The Humming Bird” can be had at One Shilling each,
LE Vol. I. complete Ten Shillings. Only a few copies to dispose of. x)
A

(ENTERED AT STATIONERS’ HALL.]

FOR SALE.—Shells.
Private Collection of Mr. Boucard.
LAND, FLUVIATILE AND MARINE SHELLS.

Glandinidæ, 1s. each. Helicidæ, 64. each. Bulimidæ
15. each. Achatinidæ, 1s. each. Cylindrellidæ, 15.64.
each. Clausilidæ, 34. each. Ampularidæ, 64. each.
Lymmea, Physa, and Planorbis, 34. each. Cyclosto-
midæ, 64. each. Helicinidæ, 34. each. Unio,
Anodonta, and Ostrea, 64. each.

Marine Shells—A/ the Collection including
Argonauta, Murex, Fusus, Triton, Ranella, Nassa,
Oliva, Marginella, Harpa, Terebra, Conus, Sfrombus,
Cypraea, Neritina, Patella, Chiton, Haliotis, Turbo,
Venus, Cardium, &c., 6d. each.

Can be divided if required.

All applications to be made at the Journal’s Office.

FOR SALE.

One of the most magnificent Collections of Marine,
Fluviatile and Terrestrial Shells formed during the
last forty years.

It contains 9,761 species by 37,686 specimens, all
of them in the most perfect condition.

Species Specimens.
Marine and Fresh Univalves 5238 21,314
Bivalve, Marine and Freshwater 1850 5,900
Foreign Land Shells 2673 | 9,442
European 950
Rare Shells in glass ‘Cases 80

9,761 37,686

Very nearly all the rare species known are repre-
sented in the Collection and sometimes by several
specimens.

For further informations and price, apply to Mr.
A. Boucard 225, High Holborn, London, W. C.

TO ETHNOLOGISTS AND OTHERS.

FOR SALE.
Twenty finely carved Ari: ows and 1 Bow from New Guinea
Price 20s.
African Rhinoceros War Club Price 30s.

Three distinct Zulu War Clubs, made of iron wood and very
nicely carved Price 30s. each.

Pagaie from New Guinea, made of palm tree Price 30s.

Magnificent Gold Antiquity from Panama, representing what
appears to be Musicians, two large figures i in the centre and
six small ones round. It weighs 6 oz. 187 grammes. It is
quite unique, and no Museum in the world possesses anything
like it Price £50.

A great variety of American Antiquities, chiefly from Central
America, in hardstone, agathe, Idols, Vases, etc. from 5s.

Modern pottery from Mexico and Central America
from 6d.
Statuettes representing the Indians of Mexico and Guatemala
from 3s.
Hats, Baskets, Mats and various Objects made with palm
leaves and various textile plants, from Central America, Mada-

gascar, New Guinea, etc. from 6d.
Samples of Textile Fibres, Seeds, Gums, Resins, Medicinal

Plants, etc. from Mexico and Central America from 6d.
Old and Modern Coins from Mexico from ig.

Eto., etc., eta.

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[December 1, 1891

Priced List of Utensils necessary for
the collecting of Mammals and Birds

Skins, Reptiles, Fiÿheg, Insects, Shells.
Bicarbolic Acid .. quart 2/-
Rectified Benzoline 2/-
Boucard’s Insecticide Ib. 4/-
Ammonia oe à 4]-
Collecting corked Box. ... “from I ah to 5/- each.
Pocket corked Box, . from 1/-
Corked Box for Museums : ao 24/- doz.
5) » and glazed, splendid make. O7

Larger sizes can be supplied.
Botanical box aa from dis to 6/- each.
Pin box, for 12 grosses of different Sizes . 1/6

a with 1000 pins.. ; et -
Sea compass, from 2j- to 50/-
Collectting bottles with large opening from 6d.

Boucard’s tin collecting box with two partitions 2/-

Straight Scissors from 2/-
Cave p.00 LA sf RUE sean aie
Taxidermist knifes we Us Be ery et 0/0)
Long Forceps ne À PS Se
SNA ba Ee: at Me | eats
Insects’ Nippers, ae gat Eee ties ay MAES)
Sieve 98 Se Bien Sigler)
Blowpipe for cleaning aes a SN AND 2
Digger oe ibs iy BP CS LYE
Folding ditto . à 6/-

InsectPins, English, French orGermanfromr/6 per 100c
Steel Pins for setting butterflies ,, 4/- per 1000
Setting Boards 2 ... I/- to 3/- each
Butterfly Nets complete .. from 1/6 to 6/-

Sweeping and Water Nets ... Sage SHO
Cork in sheets By se ee) ers Koz
Magnifying Glasses ... no DA iS WON Sie
Hammers … se je NN er) ONLOME)
Napthaline ... es fe et pen
Botanical Grey paper... : ,» 6/- ream
Folding Umbrella for collecting Insects p' WOE
Steel Perforator for ame holes in EEE STE
Cutting pliers Me MOI

Flat ms he ae Seo ee his
Arsenical Soap 2/- per lb
Glass Tubes for small sc and shells . Ge Glos,
Pill boxes for ditto . ae a usher eReLOSS:
Flax Gas rae RE OCE Dec ils)
Cotton wading per sheet... Harari ON
Fishing rods with accessories from ,, 2/-
Dredgé for collecting ishellsy Scat ean eee Oy =

Taxidermists Case, containing 1 Pair of Scissors

2 Knives, 1 Lime, 1 Grater, 2 Pliers, 1 Ham-

mer, 1 pair of Forceps, 1 Brush, 3 Gimlets,

etc., complete... ie .. from 12/- to 40/-
Shell- -empting with handle ... : 1/-

All other Utensils for Naturalists can be had ata
short notice, 225, High Holborn, London, W. C.
by ordering at the NATURALIST'S AGENCY.

STANDS, NEW STYLE.
Wholesale Price.

No. 1 for Humming birds and Small birds at 20s. per hundred
» 2 ,, Small birds up to Tanagers at 24s.
» 3 ,, Tanagers up to Magpies at 28s. Fe
» 4 ,, Magpies up to Crows or Small
Hawks at 32s. Rs
» 5 ,, Small Hawks to Large Hawks
and Owls at 408. 5

December 1, 1801]

THE HUMMING BIRD.

lil

ARTEFICIAL HYENS.

Wholesale Price.

WANTED TO BUY.

Old collections containing from 500 varieties upwards, ta
which none have been added since the last 20 years.
Old stamps on their original letter sheet or envelope, especi-

TO ORNITHOLOGISTS.

FOR SALE.

Cornered
Black Coloured Cornered & Veined ally Colonials and old German states.
per gross per doz. pairs per doz. parrs Mulready Wrappers and Envelopes.
No.lto4 6d. 1s.6d. No.4to6 3s. 6d. As. 6d. Old unused English and Colonials.
29 5 ” 8 8d. 2s. 6d. ” 7 ” 8 5s. 0d. 6s. Od. Old works on stamps.
NOTONS 0d 40d. 9%. 9) 6s. 0d. 8s: Od. Proofs of stamps, etc. etc.
n dul db Gi Gal, oy LOS O's 9s. Od.
"5G Seer Te. Oi L GE 04 MOEA,
9 1 Gb A n lB SEE 11s. Od.
doz. of pairs

5 U4: Sak ie. Gel Ploy OsaOds 12s. Od. : :
no 2 RG Bes Gol THIS 0 13s. Od. Fine mounted specimen of Ale:
» UG deb 2s: Gal op 15 xp 15s. Od. (extinct species).
» 17 8s.0d. 3s. 0d. Larger sizes can be made be given to buyer.

, 18 12s.0d. 4s. 0d.

Nr. 1to4are good for humming birds and others up to

the size of Tanagers.
No. 5 to 8 Tanagers to Magpies.
No. 9 to 10 Magpies to Gulls.
No. 11 to 12 Pheasants, etc.
No. 13 to 18 Hawks, Owls, Herons, etc.

Postage Stamps

FOR SALE.

A large variety of rare Stamps and New Issues from all parts
of the World. For prices &c. apply to Naturalists Agency,
225, High Holborn, W.C.

NATURALISTS’ AGENCY,
225, HIGH HOLBORN,
Lonpon, W.C.

5,000 Species of Bird Skins

for Sale.

APTERVGES. 6
Apterix Oweni aA eee HE To)
— australis 100
— mantelli 100
Tinamus robustus 30
— subcristatus... 30
Crypturus sallei TO
Otis tarda — - TAO
== weil A050 660 abo 5
Ocydromus australis ... PRIE ke
Psophia crepitans 30
— Sp. Ao
Chauna chavaria 60
Opisthocomus cristatus pete 2a
Penelope purpurascens 16
— marail 36e 4 BO
Pipile jacutinga 20
Penelopina nigra 20
Ortalida motmot oe 10
— poliocephala... 10
Chamæpetes goudoti... 30
— unicolor 30
Oreophasis derbiana ... 80
Crax globicera 30
Talegalus cuvieri 20
Megacephalon, maleo sO

Megapodius freycineti and
ofheriSpecies at... s06 RO

to order.

century.

of the world.

6,
Pavo cristatus, from Japan 40
Argusianus giganteus, male
and female... Une S06 MO
Argusianus grayi, male and
female 5 FOO

Reinhardius ocellatus, fine male 1000
Phasianus versicolor ... 10
Syrmaticus reevesi rot BO
Graphephasianus sommeringi
Euplocomus vieilloti ...

Hierophasis swinheei ... 40
Lophophorus impeyanus 20
Ceriornis satyra : 20

— melanocephala 20
Meleagris ocellata 80

Acryllium vulturina
Ithaginis cruentus …
Francolinus erkeli and
SOUS Gb) coe Te
Odontophorus guianensis
other species from. . RE
Ortyx pectoralis and othe
species from By ue
Quantity of species of Colum-
bidz from ... 00 ooo 5
Furningus spanzani
Hemiphaga novœæ-zelandiæ
Serresius forsteri

other

40
Trugon terrestris 24
Henicophaps albifrons 20
Otidiphaps nobilis 40
— Sp. eS O
Goura coronata 20
— Victorize 30
— dalbertisi 40

Didunculus strigirostris

FOR SALE.
Calyptomena whiteheadi, male, toos.
cent bird, discovered lately by Mr. Whitehead in the

interior of Borneo. Many other species from the

same collector (magnificent skins).

2,000 varieties.

Will be sold at a bargain.
Fourteen species of Carabus from Chili.

most perfect condition.

ampennis, the Great Auk,
Pedigree from date of capture, 1836, will

Fine male specimen of the exceedingly rare new genus of
bird Reinhardtia ocellato Bp., the greatest discovery of the

Price £50 %

From Kina Balu (Borneo).

FOR SALE:

A magnifi-

A magnificent Collection of Woods from all parts
Fifty years work.

In the
23 specimens, at 5s. each.

Carvanaca recurvirostris

Many species of Charadriadæ
Glareolidæ from

Geronticus calvus

Pseudibis papillosus ...

Lophotibis cristatus

Dromas ardeola ion son

Many species.of Ardeidæ from

Many species of Anatidee from

Many species of Podicepidze
and Laridæ from

Hypoleucus bougainvilei

Many species of Falconidæ
Vulturidæ and Strigidæ
from... 5s. to

Aquila audax ...
Limnætus gurneyi
Henicopernis longicauda
Haliastur girrenera
Astur etorques
poliocephalus
Tachyspizias soloensis
Melierax gabar
Falco gyrfalco... :
Lophostrix stricklandi
Ara macawuana
Conurus egregius
solstitialis
Brotogeris panychlora
Vini kuhli :
Psittacella modesta
Microglossum aterrimum
For remainder of Parrots
see Humming Bird, No. 3,
March, 1891.

iV THE HUMMING BIRD. [December 1, 1891
Ss 5: %
Ramphastos brevicarinatus 10 | Turdus sibiricus 20 | Creadion carunculatus 20
— inca 12 — cardis... 8 | Heterolocha gouldi, male 20
— cuvieri 16| — — Var 8 — — female
Pteroglossus pluricinctus 12! — naumani 8| (much rarer) 30
— beauharnaisei 30|. — nigrescens 20 | Enodes erythrophis 10
Selenidera gouldi 20 | Margarops fuscatus 20 | Analcipus traillei 12
— nattereri 20 | Mimocichla rubripes ... 16 | Turacus purpureus A lO
— spectabilis... 20 | Myadestes elizabethee... 20 other species from ... Ronan ko)
Andigena laminicostris and Cinclus leuconotus 20 | Menura superba 40
many other species 12 | Eupetes macrocercus... 16 | Orthonyx spinicauda ... ee 2
Many species of Capitonidæ — cœrulescens ... 20 | 'Ten species of Pteroptochidæat ro
Bucconidæ, Galbulidæ and Thryophilus castaneus 10 | À large number of species of
Cuculidæ from 4 — pleurostictus 10 Dendrocolaptidæ and For-
Pharomacrus mocina... 30 > nigricapillus 10 micaridæ from oes rete A:
a costaricensis 30 = thoracicus 10 | Pitta strepitans a oe ema
— fulgidus 16 | Peltops blainvillei 10; — novce guineæ 10
— auriceps 16 | Melidectes torquatus... 12} — maxima ... 10
Prionotelus temnurus... 20 | Melipotes gymnops 20 | —. granatina ae aie 6
Temnotrogon rhodogaster 30|A large series. of species of Philepitta castanea TO
Trogon aurantiiventris 16 Nectarinidæ from 5 | Large series of species of
— atricollis 12 | A large quantity of species of Tyrannidæ TON AE
— chionurus 16 Cœrebidæ, Tanagridæ, Frin- Aulia rufescens 10
— bairdi... 20| gillidæ, and Icteridæ from... 3 | Attila sclateri ... 10
— citreolus 12 | Garrulus japonicus 4 | Rupicola crocea 20
— melanocephalus 20 | Cyanocitta beechei 24 — peruviana 10
— clathratus 16 — melanocyanea 10 — sanguinolenta 20
— melanurus 16 — meridana ... 10 | Phænoptila melanoxantha 50
and many other species from 5 | Cyanocorax panamensis 10 | Pipreola sclateri 30
Choucalcyon tyro 30 | Calocitta formosa 12 | Cotinga cœrulea 10
Cittura cyanotis 16 — __ colliei. BQ] = Giace 16
Melidora macrorhyncha : 20 | Callaeas cinerea 20| — amabilis 16
Tanysiptera dea 12 | Picicorvus columbianus BO | == NCA And 10
— galatea .. 20 PARADISEIDÆ. — maÿana 16
me nympha Se ae Priced per pair, male and Querula cruenta Se Sea 5
Cyanalcyon nigrocyanea 16 pala Chasmorhynchus niveus 16
Sauropatis julie 16 ee — -tricarunculatus 30
— funebris 12 | Xanthomelus aureus ... 120 say -nudicollis 12
— albicilla 10 | Sericulus melinus 20 | Gymnocephaius calvus 20
Caridagrus concreta 16 | Ptilonorhynchus — holosericeus 20 | Gymnoderus fœtidus… 20
Astacophilus lindsayi... 16 | Paradisea apoda 100 | Cephalopterus penduliger 20
Clytocex rex 200 |. — papuana 40 pue . glabricollis 20
and many other species from. 5 — sanguinea 4o andl ‘many other species of
Nyctiornis amictus 12 — _ taggiana 100 | Cotingide and Pipridæ from.. 3
Bucia athertoni 16 | Schlegelia wilson. , 60 Podargus papuensis LOTO
Meropiscus gularis 12 Diphyllodes magnifica 80 == +ocellatus 16
and many other species of Cicinnurus regius 20 | Calyptomena whiteheadi 100
Meropidæ from 5 | Parotia sexpennis 100 its VATICIS sete meee iene
Todus multicolor 16 | Lophorina superba 80 | Many species of Caprimulgidæ,
Momotus subrufescens _ 8 | Ptilornis paradisea 40 Hirundinidæ and Ge
Urospatha marti 8 | Craspedophora magnifica 40 from ES 3
Hylomanes gularis 16 | Epimachus speciosus... 100
Prionirhynchus platyrhynchus 16 | Seleucides alba 100 TROLHILIDÆ.
= carinatus 20 | Semioptera gouldi 50 | Phæthornis guianensis 20
Eumonota superciliaris 6 | Astrapia nigra. 120 Helianthea ESP 5°
and other species from 5 Drepanornis albertisi . 100 | Bellona superba : Joe se
Leptosoma discolor 16 | Paradigalla carunculata Goj|s Hox remainder = ee 2
Brachypteracias leptosoma 30 Manucodia viridis, male 30 | Trochilidæ, see umming 170,
Attelornis pittoides 12 — keraudreni, male... 30|No. 1, January, 1807.
— crossleyi 40 — gouldi, male I5
Manyspeciesof Bucerotidæ from 10 | Mino dumonti, male ... 16 TO FEATHER MERCHANTS.
A large number of species of Melanopyrrhus anais, male 20 Just arrived :
Picidæ, Turdidæ, Sylvidæ, Gymnops tricolor, male 20
Troglodytidæ, Luscinidæ, Paradisea augusta victoriæ, A very fine lot of 1,200 Pale Red
etc., etc., from 3 male 200 African Osprey, at 18. 3d.

December 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. OI

Œhe Humming Huo,

——

To the Subscribers and Correspondents of
the “Humming Bird.”
———— > —

With this number, Volume I. is completed, and I
thank heartily all the Correspondents and Subscribers
to Vol. I. of the Humming Bird, who have patronized
this review and have contributed to its succes.

I have done my best to make Vol. I. interesting to
all, but I am not quite satisfied yet, and I hope that
Vol. II. will surpass it in interest, and I shall not cease
in my efforts until I make this review indispensable
to all who are interested in SCIENTIFIC, ARTISTIC
and INDUSTRIAL matters.

Besides Original notices on ART, SCIENCE and
Inpustry, Vol. II. will contain the beginning of my
GENERA OF BirpDs, on which I am working since
1876, and for which I have assembled extensive col-
lections of Bird skins from all parts of the world
during the last thirty years.

In Vol. II. of the Humming Bird, \ will begin the
GENERA OF Birps with the complete GENERA OF THE
Humminc-Birps.

It will contain a full description of all the generical
types and a condensed description of all the species
known of each genus, so as to make it quite complete
and easy for all to determine the species of that most
beautiful and interesting Order of birds. Successively
I will continue with the other Orders and Families of
birds, one at a time, so that each series will always be
complete by itself.

I will not follow any special classification ; because
my actual opinion is that we cannot boast yet of a
satisfactory classification acceptable to all the modern
Ornithologists. Perhaps later on, we may arrive to
that ; but for the present there are as many CLASSIFI-
CATIONS as there are AUTHORS, each of them con-
taining exceptional good things; but not yet quite
satisfactory to all.

I conclude, wishing a merry Christmas, a happy
New Year, Health and Prosperity to ALL.

A. BoucarRD.

Books Received.

ee —

The Antigua Observer ; the Kansas City Scientist ;
the Canadian Entomologist ; Sporting Goods Review ;
the Ibis Vol. III. No. 4; A Handbook of the
Destructive Insects of Victoria, with notes on the
Methods to be adopted to check and extirpate them,
by C. French, F.L.S., F.R.H.S., Government
Entomologist. A full report of this interesting
volume will be given in successive numbers.

A Visit to the British Museum.
Natural History Department.

eS

Continued from page 89.

PLANT.

This group occupies the whole Eastern side of
Gallery No. 10.

The Miocene flora, of Greenland, is well represented
by many fine specimens collected by Mr. Edward
Whymper, and described by the late Professor
O. Heer.

A fine series of Ferns, Conifers and Cycads from
the Wealden of Hastings has lately been acquired
from the collector, Mr. P. Rufford.

Two fine trunks of coniferous trees, Cedroxylon,
are placed in the centre of the Gallery.

The series of Zamia Williamsonia from the Scar-
borough Oolites is altogether unique.

The Triassic series is well represented by some
large slabs from India containing well preserved
leaves of Ferns, the chief of which is known as Gds-
sopterts. The collection has numerous specimens of
this fern from South Africa and Australia.

In Gallery No. 11 have been arranged in seventeen
cases, a series of nine collections of historical and
palaeontogical interest, bearing upon the early history
of the British Museum and the study of Geology and
Palaeontology in England.

It begins with Sir Hans Sloane Collection acquired
by purchase for the Nation in 1753.

The next is the Brander Collection, 1766.

The next series to which attention is directed is
the Collection of William Smith, L.L.D. This was
commenced about the year 1787 and purchased by
the Trustees in 1816.

We come next to a collection, the very name of
which betrays the antiquity of its origin. It is known
as Sowerby’s Mineral Conchology. It was purchased
by the Trustees in 1861.

Another curious but small series represents the
types or figured specimens of Konig’s Zcones Fossilium
Sectiles, prepared by Mr. Charles Konig, the first
keeper of the Mineral and Geological Department.

A far more important collection is that known as
the Gilbertson’s Collection. It was purchased for the
British Museum in 1841.

Next comes the Searles Wood Crag Collection,
presented by Mr. S. V. Wood to the British Museum
in January, 1856, and a supplementary collection was
given by Mrs. Searles V. Wood in 1885.

The next Palaeontographical Collection is of nearly
equal antiquity and fully of equal merit. It is the
Eocene Molluscan Collection formed by the late
Frederik E. Edwards, Esq., about the year 1835,
and was Continually being added to until a few years
before his death, which happened in 1875. It was
acquired by the Nation, by purchase in 1873.

The last collection is that of a Naturalist who
devoted his entire life to the study and illustration of
a single class of organisms, namely the Brachiopoda.

OR THE HUMMING BIRD.

[ December 1, 1891

It was formed by the late Thomas Davidson, Esq.,
between the years 1837 and 1886.

His collection, both of recent and fossil Brachio-

poda, together with all Dr. Davidson’s original draw-
ings, his numerous books and pamphlets were be-
queathed by him to the British Museum through his
son, William Davidson, Esq., in February, 1886.
* By his direction the entire collection of recent and
fossil species are to be kept together in one series for
the convenience of reference for all men of science
who may wish to consult the same.

STAIRCASE.

On the first landing of the monumental staircase
facing the centre of the hall is placed the seated
marble statue of the celebrated Naturalist CHARLES
Darwin (1809-1882) to whose labours the study of
natural history owes so vast an impulse. The statue
was executed by Sir J. E. Boehm, R.A., as part of
the “ Darwin Memorial” raised by public subscription.

Above the first landing the staircase divides into
two flights, each leading to one of the corridors which
flank the west and east sides of the Hall, and by
which access is gained to the galleries of the first
floor. At the southern end of these corridors a stair-
case from each, raised on an arch which spans the
hall, join to form a central flight leading to the second
floor. On the landing at the top of this flight is
placed a marble statue, by Chantrey, of Sir Joseph
Banks (1743-1820), the magnificent patron of science
and scientific men, who for forty one years presided
over the Royal Society and was an active Trustee of
the Museum. His splendid botanical collections are
preserved in the adjoining gallery ; but his unrivalled
library of works on natural history, also bequeathed to
the Museum, remains in the old building at Blooms-
bury.

The west corridor contains a portion of that very
interesting collection of British birds with their nests,
which have not found room in the Bird Gallery on
the ground-floor. The specimens placed here belongs
mostly to the Perching or Passerine Order. It is
excessively good and very instructive and much
appreciated by the general public.

On the opposite side, ‘‘ east corridor,” is placed
the fine collection of Humming Birds, “7Y7ochilide”
formed and mounted by the late Mr. John Gould,
one of the most celebrated Naturalists of this century,
and purchased for the Museum after his death in
1881.

John Gould commenced the study of this
family of birds some forty years ago. The diffi-
culties of obtaining new and rare species from
countries previously untrodden by the collector were
greater than they are in the present time; but the
energy and enthusiasm of John Gould overcame all
obstacles ; he lost no opportunity of acquiring at any
cost, species not represented in his collection, he
incited, by high rewards, travellers to go specially in
search of rare or unknown species ; and after the
lapse of twenty years he had succeeded in bringing
together a series far exceeding in variety of forms his
own expectation or that of Ornithologists generally.

He commenced the publication of a great work “ the
Monograph of the Trochilidæ,” which finally extended
to five volumes in folio, and comprised descriptions
and figures of over 400 different species.

From an early period he began to mount the most
remarkable types, placing as much as possible allied
forms in the same case, and demonstrating their
habits and chief characteristics, and especially the
ever varying hues of their colours, by the different
attitudes in which he arranged the specimens. ‘This
collection of mounted Humming Birds contained
about 300 species and 2,000 specimens, when he
exhibited it in the Zoological Gardens in Regent’s
Park during the great Exhibition of 1851. It proved
one of the great attractions in London during that
memorable year ; and after it had been exhibited to
the public for a year or two, he removed it to his
residence in Charlotte Street, Bedford Square, where
he had built a gallery for its reception. Here it was
seen and admired by hundreds of naturalists during
his life time.

It was always Mr. Gould’s hope and wish that the
whole collection of mounted and unmounted
specimens should be preserved as the property of the
Nation, and accordingly it was offered by his executors
to the trustees of the British Museum who eventually
purchased it.

At that time I was at Nice, where I first heard of
Mr. Gould’s death, and that his collection was for
sale. I came at once to London and offered to buy
it for the price asked to the British Museum, and in
so doing I roused a sort of emulation among the
authorities of the British Museum, which resulted in
the prompt acquisition of the collection. This
acquisition was all the more important, as almost all
the original specimens from which the figures on his
work on Humming Birds were taken, are contained
in it.

Among the many types contained in the collection
are three of new species discovered by me in Mexico,
when I was not an amateur myself. They are
Phacoptila sordida, Cyanomya violiceps and Selas-
phorus pulchra. Few are the naturalist travellers of
the second part of this century who have not con-
tributed in procuring new or rare species for Mr.
Gould. Among them I may mention such naturalists
as Bourcier, Sallé, Buckley, Bartlett, Salvin, and
many others. In the last years of his life his great
ambition was to procure some specimens of the
rare genus and magnificent species Zoddigesia mirabilis,
known only by one specimen, discovered by
Matthews at Chachapoyas, Peru, when travelling for
the account of the well-known botanist Loddiges, who
had formed a very fine collection of Humming
Birds. This typical specimen is still in the collection
of his grandson, Conrad Loddiges, of London.

I was present when he offered to Buckley (who
in a previous voyage had seen the bird, but had not
been able to procure any) fifty pounds a piece for
ten specimens, if he could get them.

He was as enthusiastic about it as a young col-
lector ; but unfortunately Buckley came back without
the bird, although he stayed several months purposely
at Chachapoyas and tried very hard to get some.
Soon after, Jelski, a successful traveller, who was

December 1, 1801]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 93

exploring Peru for the Museum of Varsovia, had the
good fortune to re-discover the species, and brought
home about fifteen specimens of this rare species,
including the female, ‘which was not known,” and
youngs ; but John Gould was no more at that time !!

Besides the fine collection of Humming Birds
exhibited, John Gould has left another collection of
skins, containing all his ¢ypes, which is kept in the
study room, and where it is accessible to students.

Humming Birds, or Zrochilide, are only found
in the New World, and form a group by themselves,
for which I have proposed the name of TRoCHILI,
Cat. Avium, 1876.

About 430 species are actually known. Nearly all
of them are conspicuous for the beauty of their
colours and the originality of their forms. In a few
species the females are as brightly coloured as the
males. No other group of birds can compare in
beauty of colours with the Humming Birds, which in
that respect are the gems of Nature, and quite as
‘gorgeous as the finest precious stones.

They are the smallest birds known, some of the
smallest species being hardly larger than a middle
size Sphynx ‘“‘ Moth,” meanwhile the largest species
known, ‘‘Patagona gigas” is not larger than a swallow.

They are somewhat allied to the Swifts and the
Woodpeckers, with which they have many points of
their internal organisation in common.

MAMMALIAN GALLERY.

The Mammalian Gallery which is on the first floor
is entered from the western corridor of the Central
Hall. It contains the series of stuffed specimens of
animals of this class, with the exceptlon of the
Cetacea and the Sirenia. Skeletons of the most
important types are incorporated with this series.
The collection of antlers of the family Deer is ranged
along the top of the cases.

The series commences on the left with the
PRIMATES, themost highly organised forms, viz., the
apes and monkeys— Cases 1—10,” of which the
fine series of Gorillas, Chimpanzees and Orang-
Outangs deserve special attention. Among the
ordinary monkeys, some of the striking species, both
in form and colour, are the Proboscis monkey
“ Nasalis larvatus,” so called on account of the
remarkable length of its nose; the Guereza, “ Colobus
guereza,” which has on its side a peculiar fringe of
long white hairs reaching quite down to the ground ;
the Macaques, one species Znus ecaudatus, leading
a precarious existence on the rocks of Gibraltar.
the Baboons, Cynocephalus; hideous animals with
powerful teeth, projecting jaws, nearly equal fore and
hind limbs and dull-coloured fur, and the Mandrill,
“ Papio Maimon,” with a short stumpy tail and a
perfectly naked face, the skin of which is brightly
marked with blue and vermillion. Next comes the
group Cebide comprising the Spider monkeys Ales,
the Howling monkeys, JZycetes, the males of which
possess a most extraordinary voice ; the resonance of
which is increased by a peculiar chamber formed by
the middle portion of the bone of the tongue. At
day-break and at sun-set the dulness of the forests of

tropical countries of Central and South America is en-
livened by the terrific noise made by these animals;
the Negro monkeys, Zagothrix, the Squirrel monkeys
Nyctipithecus, Callethrix and Chrysothrix, all beauti-
ful little creatures, with soft bright coloured fur ; the
Sapajous or Capucin monkeys, “ Cebus,’ and the
Hapalide or Marmosets.

Then comes the LEMUROIDEA for the most part
natives of Madagascar, including the Jndristnae,
Indris and Propithecus, the Lemurine or true Lemurs,
the Galeagine “ Chirogale and Galago,” the Lorisine,
the Zarstide and Chiromyde. The type of this last
family is the extraordinary animal Aye-Aye of Mada-
gascar, “ Chiromys madagascariensis,” with only 18
teeth, very large ears, a long bushy tail, and long
compressed claws on all the fingers and toes, with the
exception of the hallux, which is opposable and has
a flat nail.

In Cases 11—26, are exhibited the whole assem-
blage of animals known by the name of beasts of.
prey, comprising the Cats, Wolves and Dogs, Bears,
Weasels, and many other allied animals, viz., the Seals
and Walruses.

The series of FéZide Lions, Tigers, Leopards, Jaguars,
Ocelots and Lynxes, is very fine.

Several varieties of the domestic Dog are exhibited
in Cases 19 and 20. In the upper compartments
of Cases 17 and 18 are the Wolves.

The last great division of the fissiped Carnivora is
the Arctoidea, consisting of the Bears, Weasels,
Racoons, etc. The most typical members are com-
pletely plantigrade, walking flat on their palms and
soles; and all have five toes on each of their feet.

The series of true Bears Urszde, is very well repre-
sented. Conspicuous among them are the Polar
bear, Ursus maritimus, and the Grizzly bear, Ursus
ferox.

The fin-footed Carnivores or Carnivora pinnipedia,
consisting of the Seals and their allies are exhibited in
several cases in the centre of the gallery. Very fine
male specimens of Ofaria stelleri and Ofaria jubata
are in a special case by themselves.

Of the numerous species of Eared seals, one of the
most worthy of mention is the Fur seal, Callorhinus
ursinus, of the North Pacific, from which most of the

' sealskins sold are obtained.

The small order of INSECTIVORA comprising the
Tupanude or Tree-shrews, the Macroscelididæ or
Elephant-shrews, the Æyrinaceide, Hedgehogs and
Gymnura, the Za/pide or moles, the Sovicide or
Shrews, the Cenzetide or Taurecs, and the C#ryso-
chloride or Moles is exhibited in Case 27. In ‘this
same case are also the Frugivorous and Insectivorous
Bats belonging to the Order CHIROPTERA.

Cases 27—32 contain the order RODENTIA or
Gnawing Mammals, comprising the Squirrels, Rats,
Hares, etc., and form by far the largest order of
Mammals, containing over goo distinct species.

The Order UNGULATA or Hoofed animals, com-
prising Elephants, Rhinoceroses, Tapirs, Pigs,Camels,
Llamas, Oxen, Sheep, Antelopes, Gazelles, Chevrotains,
and Deers, is exhibited in Cases 3594. The series
of these animals is large and very interesting.

Cases 33 and 34 contain the curious order of
EDENTATA, So named on account of the incomplete-

04 THE HUMMING BIRD.

ness of their dentition, or entire want of teeth. It
comprises the Sloths and Anteaters, Armadilloes,
Pangolins, and Aard-varks, which differ considerably
between themselves. The West African Pangolin,
Manis tricuspis, and the Aard-varks, Orycteropus
capensis and æfhiopicus, are very remarkable species.

In Cases 95—98 are exhibited the members of the
Order MaARSUPIALIA, a very remarkable group of
animals comprising the well-known Kangaroos, the
Bandicoots, the Tasmanian Wolf, the Phascologales,
the Marsupial Anteater, the Wombats, the Phalangers,
the Koala, and the Opossums.

Last comes the order MoNoTREMATA consisting of
two families, the Lchidnide and the Ornithorhynchide,
showing a remarkably low type of organisation, a
type transmitted more or less directly from some of
the earliest Mammalian forms.

The Monotremes lay eggs and have pouches ; but
their mode of incubation is not yet satisfactorily
known, they are without true mammary nipples, the
mother’s milk exuding from group of pores in the
skin. The males are provided with remarkable horny
spurs on their heels, connected with a small gland on
the back of the thigh, the function of which is
entirely unknown. The temperature of the blood is
lower than that of other mammals, recent observa-
tions having shown that that of Echidna stands
only at about 78 degrees, some 20 degrees lower than
that of man, and about 30 degrees below that of the
average of birds.

They are supposed to live exclusively on ants,
which they catch with their long extensile tongues,
like the true anteaters. Their palates are covered
with rows of horny spines, which serve to scrape the
ants off the tongue when it is withdrawn into the
mouth. Echidnas are able, by the help of their
strong curved claws to bury themselves in loose soil
in a few minutes.

The family contains five species, &. australis from
Australia, and 2. xove guinee, Bruijni, villosissima and
Lawesit from New Guinea; but it is probable that
many more species will be discovered before long.

The second family of the order, Ornithorhynchide,
distinguished by the extraordinary structure of the
muzzle, which resembles the bill of a duck, and is
provided with horny lamellæ instead of teeth; the
tail is long and broad, and the toes are webbed ; its
coat consists of thick, close hair without any spines.
The only known species is the Duck-billed Platypus,
Ornithorhynchus anatinus or Water Mole of the
colonists, which, as might be expected from its
structure, is entirely an aquatic animal, feeding on
water animals, for which it searches in the mud in the
same manner as a duck. It is a native of both
Australia and ‘Tasmania.

On the whole, the collection of Mammals is very
fine and of the greatest interest.

MINERAL GALLERY.

The gallery on the first floor, entered from the
south end of the east corridor of the hall, contains the
extensive Mineral collection. Entering the gallery
the visitor will find, in the first window-case on the
left hand side, a series of specimens selected and

[December 1, 1891

labelled to serve as an introduction to the study of
minerals.

Beginning with a definition of what is meant by a
mineral, it is there shown how essential characters
were gradually recognised, and how minerals have
been distributed into kinds and classified.

In the next three window-cases, specimens are
arranged to illustrate the various terms which have
been found useful in the description of minerals.

Recently acquired specimens are shown for a time
in the fifth window-case.

The remaining window-cases in the gallery contain
the collection of crystals and pseudomorphs, and are
intended for the special student.

Specimens of every mineral speciesand variety are
exhibited in table-cases numbered 1 to 42.

In Cases 1 and 2 arethe native metals, as Copper,
Silver, Gold and Platinum, and non-metals as Sulphur,
Graphite and Diamond.

The next six Cases contain minerals which have
mostly a metallic lustre, and consist of metals in
chemical combination with sulphur or arsenic, such
as Argentite, an important silver ore containing
87 per cent. of silver and 13 of sulphur, P/enda,
Galena, Copper-glance, Cinnabar, from which mercury
or quicksilver is obtained, Pyrites, Erubescite, etc.

COMMON SALT is represented in Case 8.

The next division, consisting of compounds of
oxygen and including most of the stony minerals,
begins with Cwprite, an important ore of copper, and
continues with different kinds of Sfzze/, the deep red
is the Spinel Ruby, the rose tinted is Balas Ruby,
precious stones, J/agnetite, the richest and most
valuable of the ores of iron, Chrysoberyl, precious
stone, Corundum, known, when pure, as Lux-sapphire ;
when red it is the true Ruby, when azure it is the
Sapphire, while the yellow, green and purple varieties
are known as Topaz, Esmerald,and Amethyst. After
Diamond it is the most precious of stones ; Haematite
is a valuable ore of iron, Cassiterite or tin stone,
Zircon which is one of the precious stones ; one variety
with peculiar red tints is the Hyacinth or Jacynth
Quartz, which is the most common of minerals. In
its clear and transparent variety it is the Crystal of
the ancients and the rock crystal of modern times.
Several varieties of quartz are known as Topaz,
Amethyst and Quartz Cats-eye; /asper; Lydian or
Touch stone Chalcedony ; Heliotrope or Blood stone,
green with red blood-like spots.

Next follow the Plasma and Chrysoprase, green
stones, and the Sard as also the Sardonyx, its banded
variety : all of them prized by the ancients as being
more suited to the display of the engravers skill than
the harder and more precious stones.

Then comes the Agates, the Moss-agates, the
Carnelian, the Opa/ including the precious or Noble
Opal, among the specimens of which is a fine suite
from Queensland, presented by Professor Maskelyne.
They are abundant in Central America. Next to it
are: /ade, Serpentine, Topaz, Garnet, Tadeite, Mica,
Beryl, of which the bright green variety, Zmeradld, is
one of the most valued of precious stones, Zourmaline
Gypsum Borax, Turquoise, etc.

As a supplement to the collection of simple
minerals, there is arranged in Cases 41 and 42, a

December 1, 1891]

group of natural substances which either belong or are
closely related to the mineral kingdom; although in
their formation organised matter has played a very
important part. The most important are Coal and
Amber.

A series illustrating the various kinds of rocks is
exhibited in the four table-cases in the windows; but
the most important collection is that of the Mezeorites.
From the entrance of the gallery the large mass of
meteoric iron, weighing three and a half tons, found
about 1854 at Cranbourne, ‘‘Australia,” and presented
to the Museum in 1862 by James Bruce, Esq., can
be seen in the pavillion at the opposite end. of the
gallery. The other meteorites are in the same room,
the smaller specimens in the four central cases, and
the larger on separate stands.

The fall of masses of stone and iron from the sky
was very rarely credited by anyone besides the
spectators themselves, and till the beginning of this
century no attempt to collect such specimens for
examination and comparison was made. It is sup-
posed that meteorites are closely related not only to
the ordinary shooting stars, but also to comets and
probably to the nebulæ and fixed stars.

OSTEOLOGICAL GALLERY.

The Osteological Gallery (on the second floor) is
devoted to the skeletons and skulls of Mammalia, the
arrangement of which corresponds as far as practicable
with that of the stuffed specimens.

The series commences, on the left hand on enter-
ing, with a male and female human skeleton, followed
by a selection of skulls showing the different modifica-
tions of the cranial and facial bones in the various
races of mankind. Among these is the skeleton of a
full grown Azka, only four feet high, which appears to
be the usual size of the pygmy tribe of negroes from
Central Africa. The next wall-case contains several
skeletons of man-like apes, the Orang-Outang,
Gorilla and Chimpanzee with the principal forms of
the other monkeys and lemurs.

In Cases 4—8, numerous representations of the
Carnivorous and Rodent Mammalia are shown, the
remainder of the cases of this side of the gallery being
devoted to the exhibition of skulls of the larger
UNGULATA, viz.: Elephants, Rhinoceroses and Horses.
The series of elephants is continued in the pavilion at
the end of the gallery, where skulls and skeletons of
the African and Indian elephants are exhibited, among
them a skeleton of a very large tusky elephant or
Mooknah.

In the pavillion are also placed skeletons of the
Sirenia or Sea Cows, aquatic animals more nearly
allied to the Ungulates than to the Whales. Stuffed
De of these animals have also been placed

ere

The majority of the cases on the right hand of the
gallery are occupied by the Ruminant Ungulata, such
as Camels, Oxen, Antelopes, Sheep, Goats, and Deer.
Cases 23 and 24 contain the Zdentata, Sloths,
Anteaters, Armadillos, the Marsupials, and finally
the Monofremes Ornithorhynchus and Echidna.

Along the centre of the gallery is ranged a very
‘complete series of skeletons of the wild cattle of the

THE HUMMING BIRD. 95

Old and New World, and of the various species of
Rhinoceros and Hippopotamus.

A collection of horns of Oxen, Buffaloes, Antelopes,
and Sheep is placed on the top of the cases of the
gallery and on the wall of the pavilion.

BOTANICAL GALLERY.

The collections of this department consist of two
portions, the one open to the public consisting of
specimens illustrating the various groups of the
Vegetable Kingdom, and the broad facts on which
the natural system of classification of plants is based ;
the other set apart for the use of persons engaged in
the scientific study of plants.

The natural system of classification is followed in
the exhibition cases in the public gallery. The series
of specimens begin with the natural order Ranun-
culacee, and the principal orders are represented in
this and the following cases by dried specimens of the
plants themselves, coloured drawings, fruits and
prepared sections of the woods. Diagrams are em-
ployed to indicate the characters in the flowers on
which the grouping is based. Descriptive labels give
particular information respecting each specimen.

Dicotyledonous plants occupy three cases on the
left side of the gallery, and are followed by the
Monocotyledonous orders, which fill a portion of the
last case on the same side, the two half-cases at the
end of the gallery, and the first case returning towards
the door. The Gymnosperms are placed in the next
case. ‘Then follow the Cryptogams, a case being
devoted to the higher vascular orders, and another
to the lower division of cellular plants.

The series closes with an interesting collection of
models of the larger British Fungi or Mushrooms,
prepared by Sowerby when he was engaged on his
work on this group of plants, which have been re-
coloured and mounted in accordance with their
natural habitats by Mr. Worthington G. Smith.

The larger specimens are placed in tall cases in the
centre of the gallery. The right side of the first
centre-case is filled with specimens of Dycotyledonous
plants, such as sections of White Oak and Walnut
from Canada, Æucalyptus, Acacia, Laportea and other
trees from Australia, trunks of /icus and Caraliia
with aerial roots sent from Ceylon by Dr. Trimens,
stems of Bombax, Xanthoxylon, Flacourtia, and
Gleditschia, and anomalous stems of Baulimia Entada
and Dypsis. The next two centre-cases are filled
with Monocotyledonous plants, among which in the
first case are stems and sections of the Date palm,
several species of Aveca, sections and fruit of the
Palmyra palm, stem and fruit of the Sago palm and a
large spike of the allied Raphia from Madagascar.
In the next case are stems of the Wax palm, sections
and fruit of the Cocoa-nut palm and the Seychelles
palm. The remainder of this case is occupied with
specimens of the Dragon tree, of Madeira, of the
Grass trees of Australia, of Ve//ozia from Brazil, of
Papyrus from Egypt, of Bamboo and Sugar-cane. On
the other side of this case specimens of Gymnosperms
will be found, comprising a large plant of We/wztschia
from Africa, sections of Avaucaria from Norfolk
Island, of Cedar grown in Chelsea Gardens, and stems

56 THE HUMMING BIRD.

[December 1, 1891

and sections of several species of Cycade. The next
two cases contain specimens of Tree-ferns, among
which are a large stem of Dichsonia, clothed with
aerial roots, stems of species of Adsophila, Cyathea and
Hemitelia.

Suspended over the centre-cases is a fine specimen
of the Wabo Bamboo, Dendrocalamus brandisi, from
Burmah. It is 81 feet long. At the further end of
the gallery are specimens of a Palm tree from Brazil,
Acrocomia spherocarpa, and of the Grass tree of
Australia, Kzngia australis, and near them is placed
a fine section of the White Pine, Abies grandis, of
British Columbia.

A collection of British Plants is exhibited in glazed
frames in the corners of the gallery.

The portion devoted to students consists mainly of
the great Herbarium.

The foundation of this Herbarium was the collection
of Sir Joseph Banks, consisting of the plants obtained
by himself and Dr. Solander in their voyage round
the world with Captain Cook, and of numerous series
from all quarters of the globe, presented to him or
purchased by him. The yearly additions since 1827
have been so extensive that the Banksian Collections
form now but a small proportion of the great Her-
barium. Among the principal collections contained
in it may be mentioned those of Clayton, Roemer,
Miller, Brown, Bowie and Cunningham, Gardner,
Nutall, Horsfield, Konig, Martin, Masson, Wilson,
Hampe, Seeman, Welwitsch, Salt and Miers. It in-
cludes also authentic specimens received from
Loureiro, Gronovius, Tournefort, Jacquin, Aublet,
Ruiz and Pavon, and Perrottet.

There is a separate Herbarium of British Plants,
based on the collections formed by Sowerby in the
preparation of his great work “‘ English Botany.”

Also the extensive Herbarium formed by Sir Hans
Sloane, to which has been added the collections of
Petiver, Buddle, Blukenet, Kaempfer, Kamel, Merrett,
Boerhaave, Vaillant, Banister, and others.

The collection formed by Hermann, in Ceylon,
from which Linnæus prepared his ‘Flora Zeylonica,”
and the singularly interesting and valuable collection
gathered in 1663 by John Ray in Europe.

Besides the collection of dried plants there are two
allied collections arranged in the same gallery in
parallel series. One is the collection of fruits and
seeds, and the other the collection of woods.

The student receives assistance in his investigations
from the extensive Library of the department, and
from a large collection of plates and drawings
systematically arranged in the same order as the plants
in the Herbarium.

The cellular plants are accommodated in a large
room in the Central Tower, approached by a staircase,
the entrance to which is on the left side of the statue
of Sir Joseph Banks. The Mosses include the collec-
tions of Wilson, Hampe, Drummond, and Spruce ;
the Liverworts contain the herbarium of Hampe ;
with the Lichens are incorporated collections made by
Caroll, Spruce, and Weddell. The Algæ contain the
herbarium of Prof. Dickie, the Diatomacez of Kiitsing
and Greville, and collections from Harvey, Robert
Brown, Shuttleworth, etc. The extensive series of
Fungi, including collections from various botanists,

has been increased by the bequest of the valuable
herbarium of the late Mr. E. E. Broome.

Here ends my visit to the Natural History Depart-
ment of the British Museum, and with the very few
exceptions mentioned in this notice, which I hope will
be soon put in accordance with the rest, I may say
that the collections of the British Museum are very
fine and reflect a great credit on the Trustees and
Staff of the British Museum.

Very profitable and agreeable hours, weeks, and
even months can bepassed in looking over and
studying the numerous and valuable collections of
this magnificent establishment. The only wish that I
have to make is that it should always keep the first
place among the public Museums, by acquiring
progressively what they have not got among the old
species known, and all the novelties which are con-
stantly discovered in all parts of the globe.

I shall now say a few words about the Natural
History Publications made by order of the Trustees
of the British Museum. I consider them as important,
or even more so, than the collections exhibited. They
are exceedingly valuable and quite indispensable to
naturalists. 6

Up to date, not less than several hundred publica-
tions have been issued on Mammals, Birds, Reptiles,
Fishes, Insects, Fossils, etc., among which some are
very important. Among them I may mention the
Catalogue of Birds of which 17 volumes have been
published and is still in course of publication. It
has been so successful, that already Vol. I. and II.
are out of print, and very likely it will be the same with
all the other volumes before long.

This good example ought to be followed by all the
leading Museums of the world.

Another series of publications, which I consider as
very worthy, are the excellent Guide books, issued
since the transfer of the collections to South Kensing-
ton, and I hope that those of the sections in prepara-
tion will soon be out, to complete the series.

These Guides, issued at a nominal price of one
penny to sixpence each, are the best of their kind that
I have ever seen, and I congratulate heartily the Trus-
tees, the Ditector and all the staff, for having issued
such useful, valuable and interesting Guides, which by
the modicity of their prices are accessible to all.

In writing this notice, I have made a free use of
them, and I have been able to appreciate their great
value.

To make these publications complete and un-
rivalled, it only remains for the Trustees of the
British Museum to prepare cheap editions of con-
densed notices on all the animals useful, neutral or
injurious to agriculture, with the means of preserving
the useful species and destroying the injurious.

A special room for the exhibition of all such
animals should be highly prized by all.

Now I will conclude in giving the list of the
actual Staff of the Natural History Branch of the
British Museum.

Director : W. H. Flower, C.B., L.L.D., F.R.S.

Assistant Secretary: C. E. Fagan.

Clerks in Director's Office: T. F. Isaac and W. H.

R. Holl.
Assistant in General Library : B. B. Woodward.

December 1, 1891]

THE HUMMING BIRD. 97

ZOOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.

Keeper: A. Gunther, M.D., F.R.S.

Assistant Keeper: A. G. Butler.

Assistants : E. A. Smith, R. Bowdler Sharpe, C. O.
Waterhouse, G. A. Boulenger, M. R.
Oldfield Thomas, F. G. Bell, M.A., W.
F. Kirby, W. R. Ogilvie Grant, R. J.
Pocock, (© TC, IW, IR) Ice
patrick, F. A. Heron, B.A.

GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT.
Keeper: H. Woodward, L.L.D., F.R.S.
Assistant Keeper: KR. Etheridge, F.R.S.
Assistants: R.B. Newton; A. S. Woodward, G.
Cri, If, 2, IBeilnem, Ibe Ilo Wo
Gregory.
MINERALOGICAL DEPARTMENT.
iKecpcra nletcher MAL, ERAS:
Assistants: T. Davies, H. A. Miers, M.A.; G. T.
Brio, Be
BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT.
Keeper : W, Carruthers, F.R.S.
Assistants: J. Britten, G. R. M. Murray, A.
Gepp, B.A.; E. G. Baker, A. B. Rendle,

B.A.
A. BOUCARD.

Canal de Panama.

Grace à Vinitiative prise par le PETIT JOURNAL, de
Paris (voir les numéros de Septembre 1891: 7, 11,
ii, 19, 20) 28, 25 Ce Ceux HONTE UE
72, Te, WO. 17, Ts, WO, AS, Aah Al wo), Etant dei
du Panama est entrée dans une nouvelle phase, et il
est probable que les 92,229 pétitions, déposées les 28
et 30 Octobre 1891 au Sénat et à la Chambre des
Députés par Monsieur Marinani, Directeur politique
du Petit Journal, péseront d’un grand poids sur les
décisions ultérieures des deux grands Corps de l'Etat,

Il est plus que probable que cette œuvre grandiose
commencée par la France sera bientôt reprise par elle
et menée à bonne fin. C’est a souhaiter dans l’intérét
du monde entier.

Tous ceux qui auront contribué de près ou de loin
à la reprise et à la termination du Canal, ‘‘qui sera une
des merveilles du XIX¢® siècle,” auront fait œuvre de
gens éclairés et de philantropes et leurs noms
passeront à la Posterité.

Les Directeurs du /etit Journal peuvent déjà se
féliciter du résultat qu’ils ont obtenu, et quand le
Canal sera terminé ils pourront être fiers de la cam-
pagne entreprise pour la relèvement de cette affaire, car
sans eux nous en serions toujours au même point,
c’est à dire complétement dans les mains d’un Liqui-
dateur et de ses satellites qui ne font absolument que
vivre aux dépens de la Liquidation, sans prendre la
moindre initiative en faveur des Actionnaires et
Obligataires.

Il est incroyable qu'une Liquidation de cette
importance soit concentrée dans les mains d’une
seule personne. Il y a là quelque chose de mon-
strueux. Si telle est la loi, il faut la modifier au
plus tôt.

Comment est-il possible qu’une personnalité, même
comme celle de M. Monchicourt, qui n’est ni In-
génieur, ni Financier, qui na même jamais été à
Panama, puisse à lui seul mener à bonne fin une
Liquidation de cette importance ? Deux ou trois Liqui-
dateurs au moins, parmi les Ingénieurs et Financiers
français les plus compétents, auraient dû être nommés
conjointement avec lui.

Un rapport de leurs travaux et un
recettes et des dépenses auraient du
mensuellement dans un ou plusieurs
naux de Paris.

Alors les Actionnaires et Obligataires auraient tou-
jours été tenu au courant des travaux de la Liquidation
et auraient pu juger du mérite des Liquidateurs.

165,000 francs par an est une bien grosse somme
pour ce qui a été fait jusqu’à ce jour par le Liquida-
teur et ses deux Aides!!! ;

compte des
être publiés
grands jour-

AB:

Obituary.
————

During the year 1891, we have to deplore the loss
of several well-known Zoologists :

ÆEcnond André, the well known Hymenopterist of
Beaune (Côte d’Or). His principal work was the
«Species des Hyménoptères d'Europe et d'Algérie,”
commenced in 1879 and continued with the aid of his
brother and other Hymenopterists until his death. It
is to be hoped that this most important work will be
continued.

Doctor J. M. J. af Tengstrom, of Kexholm, at
the age of 69. His work on the J/icro-Lepidopiera of
Finland, published in 1847, placed him at that early
date in the foremost rank of the Micro-Lepidopterists
of Europe.

Professor felipe Poey, C.M.Z.S., at Havana
(Cuba), in the ninety-second year of his age. He
was one of the founders of the French Entomological
Society, and was elected a Corresponding Member of
the Zoological Society of London in 1836. Poey was
a learned Naturalist, best known as an Ichtyologist.
He published a bulky volume on the general Natural
History of the Island of Cuba and many other impor-
tant papers on Entomology.

Robert Gillo, of Bath, well known as a Coleopterist
in the west of England.

Henry de la Cuisine Dijon (Côtes d'Or).
HUMMING Birp, Vol. I., pages 57, 74.

Henry Edwards, see HumMinG Birp, Vol. I.
page 74.

Ferdinand Grut, F.L.S., in London,on July roth, aged
71. He waselecteda fellow of the Entomological Society
of London in 1846. In 1856 he was on the Council
and was Vice-president in 1863. He was one of the
Secretaries from 1871 to 1877 and Honorary
Librarian from 1878 to 1891. Mr. Grut was also for

See

‘many years Secretary to the Entomological Club. In

1872 he was elected into the Linnean Society.

Mr. Grut formed a large collection of Coleoptera,
chiefly Carabidæ. He was a very modest and a
learned Entomologist, thoroughly genial and cordial
in social intercourse. He will be extensively mourned
by his friends. His widow and two sisters remain to
deplore his loss.

98

New and Rare Species of Birds described
in Vol. I. of the “Humming Bird.”

———— ——

TROGONIDÆ.
Page
Pharomacrus mocinæ, la-Llave oe oe 6
i costaricensis, Boucard .. Ap WS)
$ antisianus, ee 18
As fulgidus, Gould . 18
ds auriceps, Gould.. 18
5 xanthogaster, Turati & Salvadori 19
5 pavoninus, Spix... 19

TROCHILIDÆ.
Threnetes leucurus, Linné Ty
. cervinicauda, Gould 29)
43 fraseri, Gould. ' 17
Pheethornis gounellei, n. sp. Boucard.. 17
” columbianus, n.sp. Boucard 17
o guianensis, n.sp. Boucard 0]
es whitelyi, n.sp. Boucard 18
Aphantochroa alexandri, n.sp. Boucard 18
Florisuga sallei, n.sp. Boucard 18
Eustephanus burtoni, n.sp. Boucard . 18
Lampornis obscura, n.sp. Boucard ... ane 25

CONTENTS

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[December 1,

Eulampis chlorolæmus, Gould..
Lafresnaya cinereo- rufa, n.sp. Boucard
Petasophora corruscans, Gould
Chrysolampis moschitus, Var. Boucard
Lepidolarynx mesoleucus, Var. Boucard
Helianthea eos, Gould

. typica, Lesson
Heliangelus heurici, n.sp, Boucard
Thalurania eriphile, Lesson

* verticeps, Gould … à
Thalurania colombica, Var, Boucard
Hemistephania johannæ, Bourcier 500

a ludoviciæ aurifrons, Boucard...

Bellona superba, n.sp. Boucard
Lesbia boliviana, n.sp. Boucard
Calliphlox roraimee, n.sp. Boucard
Hylocharis guianensis, n.sp. Boucard

PSITTACIDÆ.
Pionus bridgesi, n.sp. Boucard
PARADISEIDÆ.
Semioptera gouldi, n.sp. Boucard
TANAGRIDÆ.
Ramphocelus chrysopterus, n.sp. Boucard

OF VOL. I.

ee
Page
Preface . a 1 | Description of a supposed new species of

What is to be seen everywhere in London, by
A. Boucard . eh age : 1,9
The Mackinley Bil : RS ACH Bh, 53
The Panama Canal, by A. Boucard 3,10, 20, 29,44,97
Notes on the Genus 0 by A.
Boucard op 6, 18, 19
An easy way of making £100 a “year, by
Messrs. Boucard & Burton.. 7, 14; 23, 56, 62
Reports on Public Sales of Feathers and Bird

Skins.. . 8, 16, 24, 32,58
Rapport s sur la Vente publique, de Plumes et
d’Oiseaux a Londres, Decembre 18g0 Se 8

The Museum of la Plata, and my idea of a
typical and practical Museum of Natural
History, by A. Boucard 1

Reports on Public Sales of Postage ‘Stamps,

10, 24102

Notes on rare species of Humming Birds, and
Descriptions of several supposed new species,
by A. Boucard oo Eh BB, dl BO

12

Second International Ornithological Congress 19
Answers to Correspondents a 22
Description of a supposed new species of Parrot

in Boucard’s Museum, by A. Boucard .. 27
Notes on theCrowned Superb Warbler (AZalurus

coronatus, Gould), by Walter Burton : 27
A Visit to the Gardens of the Zoological Society

of London i 28
British Museum (Zoological Department) 29
Royal Aquarium, by A. Boucard 560 Ah (Ol
Books and Journals received 5 eh OY

Obituary 22, 30, 57; 74,97
Boucard’s Private Collections of Coleoptera and

Shells for sale. No. 5, page II.

Paradise bird in Boucard’s Museum, by
Ay Boucardy

Poor Rate and General Taxes in the Parishes
of St. Giles in the Fields and St. George,
Bloomsbury .. e

Report on books received. No oO. 6, page V.

The Pilgrim Locust, by A. Boucard . dé

Description of a supposed new species of
Tanager, by A. Boucard ..

Notes on the great Bower Bird (Chlamydodera
nuchalis, Jard), by Walter Burton ...

Collections made in Thibet and Central Asia,
by Messrs. Bonvalot and Henri d’Orléans..

A Visit to the British Museum (Natural History
Department), by A. Boucard 55, 59, 68, 82,

The Plantain or Banana Plant, by A. Boucard

Inauguration of the statue of Pierre Belon, the
Naturalist ... oto Co: qe

A Giant Land Crab :

Review of new Scientific Books

Report on the Public Sale of the celebrated
Collection of Shells, formed by the late Sir
David Barclay and sold at Stevens, on
Monday, the 6th of July and following days

Recommandations for the prevention of damage
by some common Insects of the Farm, the
Orchard, and the Garden, by James Fletcher

Water Rent in London :

La Vie champétre. — La Destruction de la
Larve du Hanneton. (Melolontha vulgaris)

Crocodile, Snake, and Fish skins for industrial
purposes, by A. Boucard :

World’s Columbian Exposition, — Batiment
de l'Administration ... st és

1891

Page
25
25

43

53

Page

43

. 44, 53
- 51,67

53
53
54

84, 91
59

61
62

73

66
69, 76
73
75
83

89

December 1, 1891] THE HUMMING BIRD. Vv
STAMPS (continued), ER
DECEMBER LIST OF STAMPS Nevis, 1861, 1d dull rose unused ee ove es 3 0
» 6d grey-lilac, fine. avg Sa 10 9
ON SALE BY New South Wales, 1850, 1d red very fine ies oo OÙ) s @
x oy al lolhoie ClO Chey coo 00 25 ()
Messrs. BOUCARD, POTTIER & Co. 1888, 5s purple wmk. 5s rare … 7 0
New Zealand, 1856, 24 blue sae ae 4 6
225; Hicu HOLBORN, 5 186263, 6d brown, pelure paper se ¢ @
Lonpon, W.C. » oo decom, ~ Coy do oe. 10) ©
: 6d brown, do. do.perf.fine 20 0
(AU Stamps guaranteed Genuine.) Oldenburg, 1859, 2 gros. black on rose sisal 2 À
è 8. d. 5 5 » on yellow cies ve 2750
: 1861, 4 green .. 2 550 eee ON (0)
Belgium, 1849, 10e. brown & 20c. blue, the pair OMG 22 2 c
5 TENUE, B ie, are boom, carectl 6 6 Poland, 1859, 10 kopecs, blue & red ... 20
British East Africa, 1890, 4 anna on 1d black & laine Queensland, 6d yellow, registered, used fine 6s, unused 10 0
mel ce aged A @ Roumania, 1873—79, 5 pan blue (error unused) ... 10 0
5 do, rose Pe ooo ALO 0)
Poms Be ies, 80 sua ee 2d black, green 12 6 South Australia, 1859, 1s yellow, or orange, each ... 5 0
British East Africa, 1890, 4 annas, on 5d black, lilac Spain, eM of Madrid, 1 cuarto bronee, Fa ane 22 6
Ce AC dE i 20 0 | Saits Settlements, 1867, 12 à & eo d
British Guiana, 1862, Provisional, 2 cents, black c on Rap een s, tb cents, re green, ne Q
yellow, crossed nie OO sped, 6 skill. banco, grey fine 600 & 0
British Guiana, 1889, 48e. purple & oran inge red a 1 6 ae 1852-1d blue, fine .… 4 50 99 0
_Brunswick, 1851, 2 sil. gros, blue Je be 5 0 rec a ne Ne ee osu caps me aa 2 ‘
rs uscany, soldo, yellow. F
raie, TB Gd sterling ae fie Be: + 2 3 United States, 1851—60, 5 cents brown unused fine 7 6
Cape of Good Hope, 1854—64, 1s green 15 Bie vt @ By 24 cents, lilac unused fine aay 4 6
Con reed ON A NS » 1881-65, 90 cents, blue, unused fine 10 0
» 1861—63 4d oct. rose (fine) … … .… 15 0 » RS AE GR AR AE
x 8d ,, browndo. ... ie Athy ADO es 1869, 15 cents blue & brown ... …. 2 RO
Costa Rica, set of9 ” .. 2 0 ” Dig. nek bale elcen Baie
Denmark, 1851, 2 rigsbank skil. blue . 4 0 op Na 1 ts bh & blue 0 9
Dutch Indies, 1864, 10 cents crimson pert. 2 0 D avy, gen ue 0 9
Egypt., 1888, 10 piastres, violet 3 0 9 m0 DY à 22 20 0 4
Fiji Islands, 1874, 6 cents black & green (fine) 25 0 2 OR 2 D A
1872, 12 cents, black & rose do. 6 O0 D? 79 10 ap 2 16
France, 1852, 19 centimes butt (fine) ... ‘ 8° 7 nou 8 2 0
Great Britain, 1880, 2s, red brown ... 20 0 2 Dp 30 D 99 2 6
1881— 83, 2s 6d, 5s, 10s, the three i @ 99 à
124, GIL, eo : ; 3 0 War, complete set unused ss mg ©
# 2 Victoria, 1856, Too Late unused fair copy … OOM
1888, £1, do. wmk. 3 orbs, rare ... 4 6
i REO). Rao? O Corman Sern A Western Australia, 1855, 4d blue, unused fine 7 ©
de : ot sa Ee & 0 1862, Is green, unused fine oo 20) ©
Hamburg, 1864, 7 schill. yellow perf. . 8 6 Wiirtemburg, 1853, 18 Kr. blue fine .. doc oo 5 @
aie Toe PR HEN ore black a and rose ‘ Q Wholesale lots of Stamps present tssues.
Hong-Kong, 1863—71, 18c, lilac, wmk. ce & crown New South Wales, 1d violet : a 6d per 100
rare... 5 0 2d blue as vere ae Sie aes
India, 1886, provisional surcharged it in à Gi “letters, New Zealand, td red... ae woe Se TSA oe
6 annas, lilac & green 8 6 la cé he ite ano Gabe wes
India, 1886, surcharged in Short letters, 6 annas, Queensland, 1d real Re is eo 6de ne
lilac & green.. As 6 O | South Australia, 4a small Brome ae me Doh amine
Italy, 1879, 30 cent, Dore uns d ie 1 3 | Victoria, 4d rose.. ae ize ae ae LS
Japan, 1876 —79. 45 sen red unused rare aaa 5 1d ibaa , ES ie TRE on
Luxemburg, 1863, 374 c., green 3 O0 | Great Britain, Goy. Parcels 14d. 2s doz
Mauritius, 1863—72, 5s mauve... 3 @ #0 Abe BS 95
Natal, 1857—58, 3d rose, very fine 16 O 55 ld PACE fine Is 6d ,,

FOR SALE.
Books on Natural History, etc.

Atlas d’Ornithologie ou Collection choisie d’Oiseaux
les plus connus dessinés d’après nature par
Martinet, Paris, 1784.

1 Vol. grand in folio, in magnificent condition.
Contents: Epitre à Buffon, Tableau général
du classement des Oiseaux divisés d’après
Buffon en neuf Ordres et cent un Genres ou
Familles. 150 splendid coloured plates par
Martinet. Exceedingly rare, perhaps uni-
que. PAC:

Agassiz — Nomenclator Zoologicus, Soloduri, 1842.
1846, gros vol. in 4to. 40S.

— Nomenclatoris Zoologici, index universalis Solo-

duri, 8148, int2mo ... TOS.
— De l'espèce et des classifications en 1 Zoologie,

1 vol. in 8vo. : AS.
America, by John Ogilby, D. “London, os
Grand in folio, 675 pages, 121 splendid

Engravings and Maps. Lio
Boucard, A. — Catalogius Avium; contenant 2,456
genres et 11,030 espèces, avec une nouvelle
classification systématique. Londres, 1876,

1 vol. in 8vo.. 10S.

— Monographic List of the Genus Plusiotis, with
description of new species. (From the Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society of London),

1874. Brochure in 8vo, avec planche
coloriée ne Fa VAE 4S.

— La même, planche noire Bs oa. 2.

vi THE HUMMING BIRD.
Boisduval—Lépidopteres de la Californie, Bruxelles,
TO00 | Wa SIO soo de fe 4S.
dé bee avium, 1850-1857.
2 vol. 50s.
— Cecil and Compare si i the birds
of Europe and North America, 8vo.. 6s.

Clara y Sucinta Exposicion del pequeno Chrstsnas
impreso en el idioma Mexicano, por un
Sacerdote devoto de la Madre santissima de

la Luz, etc. Puebla, 1819. 1 Vol., 67 double
pages, one side in Mexican, the other in
Spanish 408.

Candéze— Histoire des métamorphoses de quelques
coléopteres exotiques, IS, UGH, i vob sin
8vo, 6 planches noires RS OG:

— Monographie des Elatérides, Liège, TSI 1863,
4 vol. in 8vo, 25 pl. noires ... se 32S.

— Elatérides nouveaux (Complément à la mono-
graphie), Brux. 1864, in 8vo, br. 1s. 6d.

Castelnau et Blanchard—Histoire naturelle des In-
sectes, avec une introduction par Brullé, 3 vol.
in 8vo… 66 te 40S.

Catalogue des Coléoptères ‘a Europe (extrait du
Cénéra des Coleoptères d'Europe de Jacquelin
du Val et Fairmaire) vol. in 6 3s. 6d.

Catalogue of Coleopterous Insects in the collection of
the British Museum, with descriptions of new

species.
— Longicornia, Part I. et IT. Da Adam White,
2 vol. in 8vo ... à 8s.
— Cassidide, par Boheman, 1 vol. in 8vo.. 5s.
— Cucujidee, par J. Ed. Gray 5 Lee IS.
— Cleridæ, par Adam White ,, 2 2s. 6d.
— Passalidæ, Buprestidæ, par Smith, 1 vol.
in 8yo.. : : TSS

Chenu—Lecons Alementahes : sur Tnicroie naturelle,
Conchyologie, Paris, 1847, 1 vol. gr. in 8vo,
planches coloriées : 20S.

— Manuel de Conchyologie et Paléontologie con-
chyologique contenant la description et la
représentation de près de 5,000 coquilles.
Paris, 1862, 2 vol. in 4to, planches noires et
coloriées : os 30S.

— Encyclopédie d’ histoire naturelle, ou Traité com-
plet de cette science :—Mammiféres, 5 vol. ;
Oiseaux, 6 vol. ; Reptiles et Poissons, I on :
Goléoprères Mol MEÉpiIdopières 20
Crustacés, Mollusques, et Zoophytes, 1 vol. ;
Annelés, 1 vol.; Botanique, 2 vol.; Mine-
ralogie, Géologie, Races humaines, 1 vol. Le

tout complet ... : Pa 100$.
chaque volume séparément ... Se 58,
Crotch—Synopsis coleopterum europe et ‘confinium.
London, 1871, in 8vo x 2 2s,

— Check List of the Col leoptera of Agency north
of Mexico, Salem, Mass., in 8vo ... 6s,

— Catecismo y Declaracion de la Doctrina Chris-
tiana en lengua Otomi, con un Vocabulario
del mismo idioma, por el R. P. Joaquin Lopez
Yepes, Mexico, 1826. x Vol! im) 4to, 254
pages 6os.

Degland et CARE Crtadiee Hope re 2eme édi-
tion, Paris, 1867 is do ve 245.

[December 1, 1891

Deyrolle, Henri, Description des Buprestides de la
Malaisie, recueillis par Wallace, BeOS: Tvl:
in 8vo, 4 planches coloriées .. 12S.

Diagrams of Natüral History, edited by À “Boucard.
20 sheets, 18-in. by 24-in., comprising 166
Diagrams of Animals and “Plants, life size,
beautifully printed in colours, and 37 Natural
specimens of Woods and Minerals, all neatly
mounted on very stout cardboard, the set
complete, with Manual ee 40S.

(Quite indispensable for a school. \

Duponchel—Catalogue méthodique des Lépidoptères
d'Europe, Fort vol. in 8vo, de 523 pages
broché.. oe =, easOS,

Duponchel etsGuénée—Iconographie et histoire natu-
relle des chenilles d'Europe, avec 93 magnifi-
ques planches gravées et coloriées, nouvelle
édition, publiée en 4olivraisons à rf. Les 2 vol.,
reliés maroquin rouge, tranche dorée. 40S.

Entomologist’s Annual BESS AE ees chaque
année . 900 ; 3S.

(En cours de publication. )

Entomologist’ S gee Magazine, Nos. 1-86, chaque

numéro Ba TS.
(En cours de publication. )

Etiquettes pour Insectes, Coquilles, etc.
feuille 16X20 contenant 1326 étiquettes,
avec le nom de tous les pays explorés par les
voyageurs naturalistes. Chaque feuille est
divisée en cinq parties: Europa, Asia, Africa,
America, Australia, etc., et chaque partie est
arrangée par ordre alphabétique. Un espace
blanc a été réservé sur chaque étiquette de
facon a pouvoir y mettre le nom scientifique de
l'espèce, et le nom du collecteur, la feuille... 3d.

(Une grande réduction sera faite aux personnes
gut commanderont plus de x00 feuilles à la fois.)

Felder—Lepidopterologische Fragmente, Wien, 1859,

in 4to, 11 pl. n. scot. USK
Felder G. et R., Diagnoses lepidopterologicæ, Wien,
1 vol. in ’ 8vo, 240 pages : 10S.

Gemminger et Harold— Catalogus Coleopterum:—
Vol. 1—Cicindelide,Carabidz ... See assy
Vol. 2—Dytiscidæ Gyrinidæ, Hydrophilidæ Sta-

phylinidæ à Scaphiidee, inclus. IIS.

Vol. 3—Histeridz a Lucanidæ, inclus soe 7S.
Vol. 4—Scarabæidæ Bc : ad | WOE
Vol. 5 — Buprestidæ, Elateridæ à Cebrionidæ,
inclus 98:
Vol. 6 — Rhypidoceridæ Malacodermidæ à
Cioidæ, inclus 7S.

Vol. 7 —Tenebrionide à à Oedemeridæ, inclus 14S.
Vol. 8—Curculionidæ .. PRESS.
Vol. 9 — Scolytidz à Cerambycidæ (Prionini

Cerambycini) 13S.
Vol. 10-—Cerambycidæ Br uchidæ son TER
Vol. 1 1—Chrysomelidæ fs HAS

(Cet ouvrage est tout à fait indespensable pour un
entomologiste. )

Grose Smith and Kirby, Rhopalocera exotica, being
illustrations of Dew, rare, or unfigured species
of Butteriiies, 7 ; with coloured drawings and
descriptions, à bike, Part r to 14 inclusive LA,
each, part published at . 78. 6d.

December 1, 1891]

Godart et Duponchel—Histoire naturelle des Lépi-
doptères, d'Europe, 18 vol. in 8vo, 548 plan-

ches col. £20
Gurney—Catalogue of Raptorial Birds, Parts I. in
8vo 6s.
Harting—The Birds of Middlesex, 8vo ae Qs.

Historia de la Conquista de Mexico, etc., by Don
Antonio Solis Brusselas, 1741
1 Vol. in folio, 276 pages, 13 Engravings and
Maps. Pages 1 to 9 slightly stained... £10.
Historia General des las Cosas de Nueva Espana, by
Rey. Bernardino de Sahagun, con notas y su-
plementos, por Carlos Maria de Bustamente,
Mexico, 1829. 4 vols. in 4to., uncut... £5.
Historia de las Conquistas de Hernando Cortez, por
Francisco Lopez de Gomara, con varias notas
y addiciones, por Carlos Maria de Busta-

mante, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. in 4to, 315
p:P- 2°
Ibis — A Quarterly Tone ‘of Ornithology, each
part 6s.

En cours 72 publication. (Z res mane )
Insecta’ saundersiana, Part 1-8, 8vo, sewed, each
part sieie ves Boe 3S.

Ditto ditto. Part on 3S.
Jacquelin Du Val et Fairmaire. Genera des Coléop-
teres d'Europe, représentant plus de 1,500

types d’après nature et coloriés avec le plus

grand soin, 4 vol. cartonnés, 303 pl. col. (mag-
nifique ouvrage) I PAU
Jekel—Catalogus Curculionidum, I vol. in I2mo, 2s.
— Insecta Saundersiana Curculionides, Part I. 154
(DAES ss she ae eae + 5.

— Ditto ditto ditto Part II. 225 58.
Kirby, W. F. — = BuKOpean Butterflies and Moths,
1 Vol. + folio, 427 pages, 61 coloured plates.
London, Free. 3 325.

— Catalogue of Diurnal Lepidoptera 1870, 1 vol.
in 8vo. 690 pages …. : 24S.
Kampuysens Stichtelyke Rymen, “by M. Mathieu,
Rotterdam 1688. 1 Vol. in 8vo., 680 Pp. £1.
Lacordaire (Th.)— Monographie des Coléoptères sub-
pentamères Phytophages, 2 vol. gr in 8vo.
Liege, 1848 5 20S.

— Généra des Coléoptères, Tome L XII. en 14 vol.

in 8vo. et 13 livr. de planches noires ... £6.

— Coloriées. Ouvrage complet 48.
Latreille—Cours d’entomologie, 1 gros vol. in 8vo.
et un atlas de 24 planches 15S.

Manual of Natural History, with many illustrations,

edited by A. Boucard ; second edition, 1 vol.
in 8vo., London, 1876 mee 45.
Milne Fidwardeueniéments de Zoologie, 2eme edition’
Paris, 1840—1843, 1 vol. in 8vo ... 16s,
— Histoire naturelle des Crustacés, Paris, 1837—
1840, 3 vol. in 8vo, avec 42 planches 30S.
— Coloriées Me. nif 40S.
— Zoologie, 1 vol. : 6s.

Mulsant (E.) — Lettres à Julie sur Ventomologie,
Lyon, 1830, 2 vol. in 8vo. 15 planches
coloriées 305.

Mulsant (E.)—Essai d’une classification méthodique
des Trochilidés ou Oiseaux Mouches, 1 vol. in
8vo. 98 p. aes bey a oe 2s.

THE HUMMING BIRD. vii

Mulsant et Verreaux.—Histoire naturelle des Oiseaux.
Mouches ou Colibris constituant la famille des
Trochilidés. Li€

Marseuil l’Abeille— Journal @’Entomologie, spéciale

ment consacré aux Coléoptéres, rere Série,
1864—1867, tomes I. à VI ... 755.
chaque volume séparément ... 155.

2eme. Série, 1870 15S.

— Catalogus Coleopterum Europe, 1vol. in 8vO. 25.
Murray— On the geographical distribution of Mam
mals, 103 coloured plates and maps, 1 large
vol. in 4to ; : os.
Nauman A. Nauman’s Naturgeschichte der Vogel
Deutschlands ; 13 vol. in 4°, 391 coloured
plates, a magnificent COPY rate wees £20
Pouchet—Zoologie classique, 2 vol. in 8vo, 1,300
pages, atlas de 44 planches et 5 grands tableaux

gravés sur acier, figures noires 208.
Ditto ditto coloriées 255.
Saunders, E.—Catalogus buprestidarum synonymi-
cus et systematicus. Londres, 1871, vol.
in 8vo.. x 8s.
Sclater et Salvin—Nomenclator Avium neotropi-

calum .. se 16s.
Thomson, T. fre Nate, Grandi in folio, Paris,
1859, pl. noires 40s., coloriées 60s.
— Archives entomologiques ou illustrations d’In

sectes, nouveaux et rares, grand in 8vo,
2 vol., Paris, 1857-1858, pl. noires, 4os.,
coloriées 60s.

— Essai d’une classification de la famille des Céram-
bycides, grand in 8vo, 412 pages, 3 planches,
Paris, 1860 .. Re 245.

Thomson, ap — Monographie du genre Batocera,
grand i in folio, 3 pl. noires ... 12S.

— Monographie de la famille des Cicindélides, 1857,
grand in 4to, 11 planches noires, 2o0s.,
coloriées se 24S.

— Monographie de la famille des Monomides, 1860,
grand in 8vo, avec 3 planches coloriées 12S.

— Monographie de la famille des Nilionides, in 8vo,

4pl.n.... ë ; 8s.
— Monographie du genre Spheniscus, grand i in folio,
A DleiMoooe 108.

Tezcoco en los ultimos tiempos ‘de sus antiguos
Reyes. Tomada de los manuscritos ineditos
de Boturini y redactados por el Lic. Mariano
Veytia, Mexico, 1826. 1 vol. 16mo, 276
pages ... 405.

Various Calendarios iMiexdaannes, Bo to 1860, Is.
and 2s. each.

Zoological Report, 8vo, 30s. annually (1864—1891
published) chaque volume 21S.
(Ouvrage indispensable pour un zoologiste.)

Zoological Society of London, Transactions, of pub-
lished in four parts annually (57 vol. published)
each part un-coloured, 3s., coloured 12s.

(Price of each volume sent on application.)

The Naturalist’s Agency will procure to his
Customers all the Scientific Works published in
London at publisher’s prices.

Apply at Naturalist’s Agency, 225 High Holborn,
London, W.C.

Vill

THE HUMMING BIRD.

[December 1, 1891

The best Christmas Present for Young Folks.
FOR SALE

Qne Life Admission to Royal Aquarium,

EEVE GUENIEAS.

Under the New Management the Royal Aquarium is now the leading
place of amusement in London, and will continue to be so in the future.

For FIVE GUINEAS, once paid, you will have a round of enjoyments all
your life and free access to the valuable Reading Room of this important

establishment.

Book early and secure this LIFE ADMISSION by applying to

NATURALISTS’ AGENCY, 225, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.

TO BE SOLD OR EXCHANGED

FOR PROPERTIES OF EQUAL VALUE IN LONDON, BRIGHTON, OR
THE ISLE OF WIGHT,

SEVERAL PROPERTIES AT SAN REMO,

The celebrated Winter Resort on the Riviera, 40 Minutes from MONACO.

1° VILLA MARIA LUIGIA.

A charming residence, standing in its own ground, situated
Corso LEVANTE on one side and the BracH on the other, at
about 15 minutes’ walk from the centre of the town and 20
from the siation. Splendid view in all directions, beautiful
garden of about 2,000 métres, in which a large space has been
laid purposely for lawn tennis and other games.

Carriage and private entrances.

Gymnastic, Summer Houses, Aviary, Bathing Cabin, de.

Excellent water.

Grovnd Floor.—Three fine rooms, full south, with 7 bay
windows opening on the Garden, Kitchen, Offices, Cellar, &c.

First Floor.—Five large and fine rooms, three full south, two
on the north side, all of them communicating. Mapnificent
for Receptions, Soirées, &c. Cloak Room.

Second Mloor.—Seven large rooms, four full south, one of
them with dressing-room, three fine rooms on the north side.

Cloak Room. Corridor in the middle.
Size of Villa: length 18 metres, width 10 metres.
Price ... francs 60,000

2° VILLAS RONDO 25, 27,

CORSO GARIBALDI.

Two semi-detached Villas, full south, standing in their own
ground of 1,000 mètres, situated on the Corso GARABALDI, (the
most pleasant walk of the town) hardly at 10 minutes walk
from the central part of the town and 15 of the station.

No. 25.—Ground Floor.— Three fine rooms, Kitchen, Office,
and Cellar.

First Floor.—Six comfortable rooms.

No. 27-—Exactly the same, with Underground floor contain-
ing kitchen and two large rooms. Front and back gardens.

Price for the two villas francs 45,000

25,000
30, 000

Separately. a
No. 25 francs

No. 27 francs

3) A PIRCE OF LAND, about 360 metres.

Full south, on the Corso Mrzzogiorno, two minutes from
the station anil the port, in the central part of the town.
Splendid position.

Price Probes francs 15,000
For further information, apply to—

A. BOUCARD,
225, High Holborn, London, W.C.

Two of the Villas are actually let Unfurnished for 3,200 francs yearly; but they would fetch

more if Proprietor was not abroad.

It is expected that, if properly attended, an Income

between £200 and £300 yearly could be secured. ‘and more if let furnished.

SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS.

Whole Page, £4, Half-Page, £2 2s,

Quarter-Page, £1 ds.

Lowest Charge, 7s. up to à Lines, and

1s. per Line afterwards.
Repeated or Continuous Advertisements per Contract.

LONDON : Published by A. BOUOARD, at 225, High Holborn, W.O.;

and Printed at J.S. LEVIN’S Printing Works, 75, Leadenhall Street, E.O.

December 1, 1891.

vu

ach at
à ya 4

; L” % Ed a

Sete on re = Des
PS.

D
RES
oe

ae

+

ai
are
ets

ee rs
joa

Care
os

x
RP

Ye

SUPA
RU WU
RE À
Ÿ

PES

Scere
ease

x

CET
Sone

A!
&

Se
M
(HA
RE
RARE

ren

ots
a

À ni
es à

4 2 ! de que
fe : DANS
Baoan

D

Pl PS PIN

=

Sy

:
a

pan

À Be

eee nt
Pita

* EUR
ou

né