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ALF. G. HUNTER.
HISTORY
EIGHTY-SECOND
Indiana Volunteer Infantry,
ITS
ORGANIZATION, CAMPAIGNS AND BATTLES.
WRITTEN AT THE REQUEST OF THE MEMBERS
BY
ALF. G. HUNTER,
Late Adjutant.
INDIANAPOLIS:
WM. B. BURFORD, PRINTER AND BINDER. 1893.
I £
CONTENTS.
PAGE.
PREFACE 7
INTRODUCTION 9
FORMATION 17
PERRYVILLE CAMPAIGN, ETC 23
STONE KIVER CAMPAIGN, ETC , 31
TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN 43
CHICKAMAUGA CAMPAIGN 53
SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA 95
BATTLE OF MISSIONARY KIDGE, ETC 105
ATLANTA CAMPAIGN 116
THE MARCH TO THE SEA 135
THROUGH THE CAROLINAS 146
THE HOMEWARD MARCH 165
FINAL EXPLANATION 168
RECOMMENDATIONS . <, - .v. . ... . '. . .;. » 171
ROSTER OF OFFICERS- AND ENLISTED MEN . 177
M182740
PREFACE.
During the thirteenth animal reunion of the Eighty-second Indiana Volunteer Infantry, held at Madison, Indiana, September 17 and 18, 1891, it was decided by the members of the regiment then present to have a full and complete history of the regiment prepared in book form, so as to enable every member to procure one. I, being selected as the historian, undertake the work with many mis givings of being able to do ample justice to the cause. Yet having felt for years that such a his tory should be prepared, but knowing full well the time and labor necessary to accomplish it would prove quite a burden upon whoever undertook it, I forbore mentioning it at our yearly reunions. At this meeting, as by one accord, the members insisted that it must be done, and chose me for the duty. I have undertaken it and will do my ut most to produce a work that I hope will meet with the approval of those who selected me for the task. I feel the responsibility of the undertaking more keenly at this date of commencing it, twen ty-seven years now having elapsed since the mus ter out of the regiment. Many touching and
8 PREFACE.
thrilling incidents that at an earlier date were fresh in the memory have now become almost ob solete from the lapse of time. But knowing the men that formed the grand old regiment, and feel ing assured that their criticisms will be full of charity for me, with all my forebodings I under take the task with some assurance that it will meet the approval of the men of whom I write.
INTRODUCTION.
In presenting this history the author deems it important to give a brief detail of the cause and effect which made it necessary for the writing of the same. While the masses of the soldiers know full well the cause, this is intended for the perusal of generations yet unborn, and to teach them the patriotism, valor and heroism of their ancestors — what they endured in order that this great country of ours might be one and indivisble. There was a growing spirit of discontent and disloyalty among the slave owners of the South to divide the slave from the free States and establish a government based on aristocracy and slavery, to be known as the Confederate States of America, and only awaited an opportunity to put their plan in opera tion. On the 6th day of November, 1860, an elec tion for President of the United States took place and Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, was elected by the Republican party. Notwithstanding he had no power until the 4th day of March, 1861, to in terfere with the institution of slavery (four months off), the Southern leaders made pretext for a cause
(2)
10 INTRODUCTION.
to begin war on their government, that the insti tution of slavery would be tampered with. On the 10th day of November, 1860 (four days after the election), South Carolina led off with a bill in her Legislature to raise and equip 10,000 men, and James Chester, United States Senator from South Carolina, resigned. On the llth day of Novem ber, Senator Hammond, of South Carolina, re signed. On the 15th of November Governor Litcher, of Virginia, called an extra session of the Legislature. On November 18th the Georgia Legislature appropriated $1,000,000 to arm and equip the State. On November 19th Governor Moore, of Louisiana, called an extra session of the Legislature. December 1 the Florida Legisla ture ordered the election of a convention. De cember 10 Howell Cobb, Secretary of the Treas ury, resigned. Senator Clay, of Alabama, re signed, and the Louisiana Legislature ordered the election of a convention and appropriated $500,000 to arm the State. December 24 members of Con gress from South Carolina resigned. December 28 South Carolina seized the Government prop erty in Charleston Harbor and took possession of Castle Pickney and Fort Moultrie. December 29 John B. Floyd, Secretary of War, resigned. Jan uary 2, 1861, Governor Ellis, of North Carolina, took possession of Fort Macon. Georgia troops seized Forts Pulaski and Jackson and the United States Arsenal at Savannah. January 4 Governor Moore, of Alabama, seized Fort Morgan and the
INTRODUCTION. 11
United States Arsenal at Mobile. January 8 Jacob Thompson, Secretary of the Interior, re signed. Forts Johnson and Caswell seized by North Carolina. January 9 steamer Star of the West fired on in Charleston Harbor; Mississippi Convention passed secession ordinance. January 10 Florida Convention adopted an ordinance of se cession. Florida seized Fort McRea. January 11 Alabama seceded; P. R. Thompson, Secretary of the Treasury, resigned ; Governor of Louisiana seized Forts Philip and Jackson on the Missis sippi river, the United States Arsenal at Baton Rouge, and Forts Pike and McComb on Lake Pon- chartrain. January 13 Florida troops took pos session of the Pensacola Navy Yard and Fort Barancas. January 16 Arkansas Legislature called a convention ; Colonel Hayne, of South Car olina, demanded of the President the surrender of Fort Sumpter. January 18 Virginia Legislature appropriated $1,000,000 for the defense of the State. January 19 Georgia adopted a secession ordinance. January 21 members of Congress from Alabama resigned ; Jefferson Davis resigned as United States Senator. January 23 Georgia members of Congress resigned. January 24 the rebels seized the United States Arsenal at Au gusta, Ga. January 26 Louisiana Legislature passed ordinance of secession. February 1, 1861, Texas Convention passed ordinance of secession. February 4 delegates from seceded States met at
12 INTRODUCTION.
Montgomery, Ala., to organize a Confederate Gov ernment. February 8 the United States Arsenal at Little Rock, Ark., surrendered. February 9 Jefferson Davis and Alexander H. Stevens were elected provisional President and Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy. February 13 the electoral vote was counted; Abraham Lincoln re ceived 180 votes ; Stephen A. Douglas, 12 ; John C. Breckenridge, 72, and John Bell, 39. February 19 Fort Kearney, Kas., was seized by the rebels. February 23 General Twiggs surrendered Govern ment property in Texas to the rebels, valued at §1,200,000. March 4, 1861, Texas declared out of the Union. While all of this was taking place, James Buchanan, President of the United States, sat silently by, claiming a State had no right to se cede, and that the Government had no right to coerce a State that had seceded. Which one of two things ? He was either an imbecile, or in league with traitors. His Secretary of War and Sec retary of Treasury were particularly instrumental in crippling the pecuniary and military resources of the Government* and of great benefit to the South. While all this preparation for war was going on the President and members of Congress from the South took no action against it, which goes to prove beyond any reasonable doubt that this was all premeditated with malice aforethought. As they had often boasted of their great superior ity of one to five, they concluded all they would have to do was to show fight and the u Northern
INTRODUCTION. 13
mudsills" would let them have their way. On the 12th day of April, 1861, Fort Sumpter was fired on, and formally surrendered on the 13th. On the 14th the gallant commander, Major Anderson, and patriotic little band of 111 men, with the stars and stripes proudly floating over them, marched out and sailed for New York. On April 15 President Lincoln issued a proclamation commanding all persons in arms against the Government to dis perse within twenty days ; also calling for 75,000 volunteers. When the news flashed over the country that the old flag had been insulted and fired upon, the loyal men of the North, irre spective of party or sect, rushed to arms with that valor and patriotism in such quantities as to elicit the applause of every nation on the globe (except Jeff Davis and his minions). The country became one vast field of camps where drilling and preparations for war were going on. Every free State responded promptly to all calls for troops. Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, Maryland and Missouri furnished troops for the Government, with small squads from other slave States. The negro, the innocent cause of the re bellion, took a part. Slavery, the Nation's greatest curse, was wiped from existence after four years of hard service, with the loss of many valuable lives and millions of treasure. During the war the Union army entered every slave State, fought them on their chosen grounds, where everything in their rear was loyal to their cause, their base of
14 INTRODUCTION.
supplies always at hand, and every hog path fa miliar to them, while we were compelled to have thousands of soldiers to guard our line of trans portation, the depots of supplies and to garrison points of importance captured. During the war Indiana soldiers were a very conspicuous part of the army, acknowledging no superiors from any State. I see but one mistake made by the army, i. e., while we were victorious and yet organized we should have demanded that the leaders of the rebellion should have paid the penalty of treason. That would have put an end to treason for all time. The first gun was fired January 9, 1861, on the United States steamer Star of the West, and the war virtually ended with the surrender of Joseph E. Johnson's army on the 26th of April, 1865, making the duration of the war four years and near four months. Considering the vast amount of territory we had to overcome, and the character of men with which we had to contend (one of them being a match for five of us) is it not a wonder that we finished the job so soon, as they were determined to "die in the last ditch." But what of the brave men who fell by traitors' bul lets, died of disease from exposure, and starved to death by thousands in "hell holes" like Libby, Belle Isle, Andersonville, etc., their very blood crying out from the ground for revenge, revenge !
MOHTON 0. HUNTER.
CHAPTER I.
FORMATION.
The war had been progressing sixteen months, and had assumed such magnitude that more troops were needed to carry it to a success. The Presi dent issued a call for 600,000 more volunteers. About the time the Eighty-second Indiana had commenced organization, General Bragg, with his Confederate army was marching on Louisville, Ky., and General Kirby Smith was marching on Cincinnati, Ohio. In five days' time the companies forming the Eighty-second Indiana were ready for muster into the United States Service. We had to await mustering officers for some time. The reg iment was mustered into the service to date August 22, 1862, with Morton C. Hunter as Colonel, Henry Davis, Lieut. -Colonel, and Paul E. Slocum as Ma jor. We embarked on steamboat for Louisville, Ky., on the 1st day of September, 1862, arriving there at night, and quartered in an old pork house. On the next day we were brigaded as follows, viz. : Eighty-first, Eighty-second, Eighty-seventh Indi ana, and One-hundred-and- fourth Illinois, com manded by General Burbage, and known as the "Burbage Brigade." We were encamped south of Louisville in an open field, which was given the
18 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
name " Camp Grasshopper," on account of the great numbers of these insects. Here we put in our time scouting, drilling, picket duty, and pre paring for active service. Each regiment was en titled to twelve or thirteen teams. The Quarter master called on the Captains of each company for men to go after their teams. The mules furnished for service were in a stockade, never having a bridle or harness on. After the outfit had arrived in camp then the harnessing, hitching and break ing to work commenced. As there were four reg iments training at the same time it was very amus ing to see the performances. You couldn't look in any direction without seeing a team running off or giving a company of men some extreme exer cise. After a short drill of this kind, then the Colonels had the men harnessed up and gave them a good sweating out at either company or regi mental drill. Most of the men had never seen army drilling, and of course thought it extremely fanny to hear the drillmaster going along halloo ing " left, left, left, halt, front," etc. But of course it wasn't half as funny to them as to those who had passed through a year's training. After a few days of drill the men began to put on airs of old soldiers, and soon proved able to make a very good appearance, i. e., where the officers .and non-com missioned officers took any pains to post them selves in the tactics. A good Captain applied him self to the study of military art, and had regular meetings of his non-commissioned officers, and
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 19
instructed them in the art of drilling. Then they were competent to take the men through squad drill, giving them a thorough schooling in all the movements necessary for a line show on company drill. In this way our time was employed until an order came for our removal to Cincinnati, Ohio, to assist in repelling the invasion of Kirby Smith, then threatening that place. We crossed the Ohio River to Jeffersonville, Indiana, where the order was countermanded, and went into camp back of the city, where we underwent drilling and other preparations for an advance movement on the enemy. During our stay about Louisville the weather was extremely hot and dry. The marches we underwent, whether necessary for the safety of the place or intended to " season" the men for the coming campaign, or both, it had a very disastrous effect on the new troops. Extreme heat, clouds of dust, scarcity of water, and the load the men were required to carry, being unaccustomed to such severe strains on the body, the germs of disease were laid, which eventually ripened into disease of some kind, and was the cause of thousands of men (who under proper treatment would have be come good and lasting soldiers) being lost to the service by death or discharge. The Eighty-second Indiana sustained a heavy loss on this account from day to day for several months. Generals Buell and Bragg were having quite an interesting time marching for Louisville, each one trying to prevent a battle. Bragg swung his army between
20 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
Buell and Louisville and captured four thousand men guarding a bridge at Mumfordsville. Buell apparently made no effort to prevent. After the surrender of Mumfordsville Bragg swung his army off' to the right to give Buell a chance to get to Louisville. Buell now became very active, and pushed his front division into Louisville on the 25th day of September, the rear division not get ting in until the 29th. We had generals without a fault, but Buell was a general with nothing but faults. Had he been in full control of the United States forces and they had obeyed his orders, one regiment of old women would have won the inde pendence of the Southern Confederacy. Buell was relieved from command, but unfortunately rein stated. Most unfortunately Pap Thomas was not first in command; had he been, the war would have come to an end much sooner. He was a gen eral without a fault, the brightest ornament among them all ; the only one who fought from the begin ning to the end without a single defeat. His sol diers, to a man, were ready to stay until death or victory relieved them from further duty. His old corps, the fourteenth, has as bright a record as any corps in the United States service, and one the rebels were always anxious to avoid. Upon the arrival of Buell the army underwent a general re organization, the new regiments which had so lately been thrown to the front were scattered among the old troops. The formation consisted of three corps, designated first, second and third,
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 21
each containing three divisions of three brigades each; the first corps, commanded by Major-Gen eral A. McD. McCook, the second by Major Gen eral T. L. Crittenden, and the third by Brigadier- General C. C. Gilbert (a captain wearing Major- General's rank). The Burbage Brigade, of which the Eighty-second formed a part, was disbanded, and we became a part of the First Brigade, First Division of the Third Corps. Our division was commanded by General A. Schoepf. Our brigade was composed of the Seventeenth, Thirty-first and Thirty-eighth Ohio; Twelfth Kentucky, Eighty- second Indiana, and Fourth Michigan Battery, commanded by Colonel Moses B. Walker, of the Thirty-first Ohio. Bragg soon found that the army concentrated at Louisville was too many in numbers for his combined army, and he lay back awaiting developments before proceeding further. He was much disappointed after entering Kentucky at lack of interest by the people to join the rebel cause. He was making every effort to bring the people to his assistance. He had inaugurated a Confederate Governor, procured some recruits, gathered many good horses for his cavalry, and much stores needed by his dirty, ragged command. At the organization of the regiment there were mustered in —
Field and staff officers 8
Line officers 30
Enlisted men 892
Total.. 930
22 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
Officers recruited by commission 3
Enlisted men recruited 151
Grand total 1,084
Field Line
and Staff. Officers. Total.
Mustered out 4 7 11
Resigned 6 17 23
Died 145
Killed.., 2 2
Totals 11 30 41
ENLISTED MEN.
Died 180
Killed 36
Discharged 223
Transferred to V. E. Corps 54
Transferred to Eng. Corps 18
Transferred to Sig. Corps 1
Transferred to Twenty-second Ind 112
Promoted 20
Missing in action 14
Not accounted for 9
Deserted 30
Killed accidentally 3
Hung 1
Mustered out... 342
Total enlisted 1,043
Total officers 41
Grand total 1,084
CHAPTER II.
PERRYVILLB CAMPAIGN.
On the morning of October 1, 186?, the army breaks camp at Louisville and starts in pursuit of Bragg's army. The three corps move on different roads for the purpose of more rapid marching, and to be ready to take advantage of the move ments of Bragg's and Smith's Confederate forces, and if possible to prevent the consolidation of the two forces. Our Third Corps moved directly on Bardstown through Shepardsville. General Sill's Division of McCook's Corps, and General Du- mont's Division (a separate command) moved on the extreme left toward Franklin, to prevent, if possible, Smith's command from joining Bragg. The balance of McCook's and Crittenden's Corps moved on Bardstown. It was expected the rebels would give battle at this point, but later develop ments showed plainly they only aimed to catch our army in detail, and so do it as much damage as possible without engaging our whole force. Soon after leaving Louisville the head of our col umn met the enemy's advanced skirmishers (prin cipally cavalry) who took advantage of every position to give us trouble, in order to cause as
24 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
much delay as possible, and if possible to give them a chance to catch some detached force to at tack. Our advance became more desperate from day to day, the, enemy showing heavier forces to contend with. Bragg's idea was to catch the Third Corps at Perry ville without support and wipe it from existence. It was not his intention to bring on a general engagement, therefore he sent General Polk in command of two corps to do the job, while he was attending to the honors due the Governor. Our corps (Third) moved on the direct road to Perryville, arriving within three miles on the evening of the 7th and deployed in line of battle, the enemy being there hi force. The First and Second Corps wrere ordered to con centrate on Gilbert's position, as the enemy gave warning that a battle was certain at this point. The roads were very dusty and water extremely scarce. The troops were suffering for water. Our lines were advanced for the purpose of procuring water, bringing on a spirited battle for a short time. Night coming on, and having secured water sufficient (but of very poor quality) our troops were halted and every arrangement made for the night, the enemy not appearing very anxious for a night engagement. Both armies \vere making arrangements for an early attack in the morning. On the opening of the morning of the 8th both armies appeared to know re-enforcements were coming to both, and from some cause the battle was deferred until about 1 o'clock p. M. Two
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 25
corps of the enemy opened on McCook's Corps, and made a desperate effort to crush the left flank. Our troops fought most determined and succeeded in holding their lines. Sheridan's and Mitchel's Divisions of the Third Corps were on the front line, and had a spirited battle. Schoepfs' Division was in reserve and did nothing but watch and listen to what was going on. Had we been under a commander that believed in hurting the rebel cause there would have been but a small rebel army left for battles. General Buell says he never knew that McCook was engaged until in formed at night. This may be in keeping with his military ideas, but it fails to show any ability for a man to be in command of an army. Having been under General Buell once before my confi dence in him as a commander, or as a man of loyal elements, was not of the highest grade. This battle failed to raise him in my estimation. Even the file felt and openly expressed their thoughts that had Pap Thomas been first in com mand the rebel army would have been Utterly torn to pieces, and the heavy trains of army supplies would have fallen into our possession. After this blunder of conducting the army in battle he re mained idle until the l^th, giving Bragg three days' time to retreat and make sure of his heavy trains. On the 12th the army started in pursuit, Gilbert's Corps taking a road midway between Harrodsburg and Danville, passing through Lan caster to Crab Orchard, where McCook's and
(3)
26 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
Gilbert's Corps were halted. Crittenden's Corps followed the enemy as far as London. The coun try was poor and rough, with but little to feed an army at best, and having been stripped by the rebel army it was quite a job to subsist an army, and there being no further use for forces in this quarter McCook's and Gilbert's Corps were or dered to march for Bowling Green. Our corps moved through Stanford, Lebanon, Campbells- ville, Lawrenceburg and Cave City. While on this trip as we were going into camp one evening between Cave City and Bowling Green, Col. Hun ter, wishing to protect his men from the ravages of the older troops, gave the following order : "At tention, Eighty-second, put your knapsacks, hav ersacks and canteens under your heads to keep the G — d d — n Seventeenth Ohio from stealing them." The Seventeenth had been stopped about a mile back for picket duty, but heard the order and told us about it the next day on the march. The Eighty-second wasn't exactly like the Sixth historian says they were, "paid for everything they took," but, on the contrary, took everything they could get their hands on (if they wanted it) from friend or foe (they learned this from the Seventeenth Ohio), and if those losing anything wanted any pay for it they could do as done by or take it out of their hides. It wasn't long until the Seventeenth Ohio was glad to draw the line — we will quit if you will. This settled it. The Eighty-second was never known to strike even an
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 27
enemy when he said, " I surrender." The Eighty- second had two good chaplains during their time, Samuel W. McNaughton and Mathew M. Camp bell, who did their full duty at all times, and were loved and respected by all members of the regiment. Yet the balance of the regiment did not make any claims for chaplain positions during the war. As a regiment we did not think it any disgrace to take sustenance for man or beast from a rebel. On the contrary we deemed it a pressing duty, and always took great pride in performing every duty assigned us. As the command passed Oave City twelve or fourteen from my brigade ac companied me to the Mammoth Cave and spent a fine time exploring its many wonders. There are many things in this renowned cave that would pay any one for going to see. Gilbert's Corps reached Bowling Green the latter part of October. About this time the much needed job for which the army was languishing was attended to. Gen eral Buell was relieved from further control of one of the best armies in the United States. While the man that succeeded him was much the best officer, yet Rosecrans was a failure as soon as the tide turned against him. The army was now des ignated the " Fourteenth Corps ; " later, " Army of the Cumberland." The troops that had marched from Stevenson, Alabama, and points in Tennessee to relieve the danger of Louisville and Cincinnati were needing rest, and the new troops called into the field, having entered immediately upon an
28 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
active campaign, needed drilling to make them efficient soldiers. The army was distributed from Louisville to Nashville, having been threatened continuously from the time the army fell back to Louisville until MeCook's Corps made its arrival there. Two divisions under the command of Gen erals Negley and Palmer had been holding the place against the assaults and demands of Breck- enridge and his rebel command. SchoefFs Divis ion, to which the Eighty-second belonged, was moved to Gallatin, Tennessee, and was kept busy guarding points of importance, foraging, drilling, etc. While here the Thirty-first Ohio, Lieutenant- Colonel Lister commanding, was sent to Cage's Ford, on the Cumberland river, to guard it against cavalry crossing. General Morgan, and some of his officers dressed as citizens, paid him a visit and talked very nice and loyal, but looking up the lay of the forces for the purpose of an attack. On account of good camping ground Lister had formed his camp on the opposite side of the river. After these loyal citizens had left his camp he thought perhaps there might be some trick about it, and moved his regiment across the river and awaited developments. About daybreak next morning these citizens, and a gang of the same kind, came on to the camp with a grand charge,, but meeting with a volley from the Thirty-first they beat a more speedy retreat. The Eighty- second was sent down to assist the Thirty-first, making a forced march of six miles, but found
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 29
them masters of the field. While we lay at Gal- latin everything was on the alert to keep the rebel €avalry from doing damage to our communica tions. We had to stand to arms from four o'clock to daylight every morning. Drilling, picket duty, foraging and scouting kept us very busy. While here the mumps and measels caused the loss of many men to the regiment. Every man that had never had them took down. Many were never able for duty again, and many were discharged by doctors who thought more of money than they did of their country. We had many deserters up to this time, relatives and friends writing them to quit the abolition war and come home, the society of the K. G. C. would protect them and there was no danger of being captured and taken back. On their arrival home they found the cowardly hounds who wished the rebels well hadn't courage enough to open their mouths, and they had to lay con cealed in the woods. As soon as President Lin coln issued his proclamation, saying all deserters who would return to their commands by such a time the charge of desertion would be removed and nothing further done, the boys came in squads and the regiment looked like old times again. Most of the desertions was caused by home folks, and, with very few exceptions, it was a one-sided affair. During the forepart of December Walker's Brigade moved to Nashville and made all prepa rations to assist in the campaign against Murfrees- boro. (We were extremely sorry on our arrival
30 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
to find the "goats" all gone, but when we found the Sixth had gotten them felt hetter.) The other two brigades of the division were left behind as guards for the railroad, to keep it in running order, so as to insure sufficient supplies for the campaign. The army having been reorganized, we formed a part of the First Brigade, Third Di vision, Fourteenth Corps. The division was com manded by Brigadier General S. S. Fry. Our brigade was composed of the Seventeenth, Thirty- first and Thirty-eighth Ohio ; Eighty-second Indi ana, and Fourth Michigan Battery. During our stay at Nashville we kept up our usual work when in camp, drilling, picket, etc. The regiment was much reduced in numbers, yet what was on duty were in good shape for a hard campaign, which was so close at hand.
CHAPTER III.
STONE'S RIVER CAMPAIGN.
On December 26, 1862, Walker's Brigade, com posed of the Seventeenth, Thirty-first and Thirty- eighth Ohio; Eighty-second Indiana, and Fourth Michigan Battery, started on the Murfreesboro campaign, marching by the Franklin pike, encamp ing for the night near Brentwood. During the night a very heavy rain fell, making the cross roads almost impassable. On the 27th we retraced our steps back through Brentwood and crossed over to the Nolinsville pike and encamped for the night; 28th, remained in camp, it being Sunday there was no advance of the army. The 29th, Walker's Brigade marched on a cross-road from the Xolinsville pike to the Murfreesboro pike. We marched all night, it being very dark, and the road being extremely muddy much of the time through the woods. While it was thought to be next to impossible for the artillery and wagons to get through, we succeeded in reaching Stewarts- boro sometime during the forenoon of the 30th. Soon after reaching the Murfreesboro pike a mes senger came into our brigade and notified Colonel Walker that the rebel cavalry had captured Gen eral McCook's supply train, which was parked at
32 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
La Vergne. Colonel Walker took the Seventeenth, Thirty-first and Thirty-eighth Ohio, with one sec tion of Church's Battery, and started for La Vergne to assist in regaining as much of the train and guards as possible. The Eighty-second was left in charge of the camp and guard for the four pieces of artillery left in camp. On Colonel Walker's ar rival at the scene of trouble he disposed of his command in such good shape as to recapture eight hundred of the train guard, all the teams and a few wagons that were not burned, and gave the Jonnies a good sound drubbing. About sunset Colonel Walker returned with his command and ordered Colonel Hunter, with the Eighty-second Indiana, to proceed to Nashville and bring out all trains ordered to the front. We marched all night, reaching Nashville about daylight on the morning of the 31st; halted, stacked arms, prepared break fast and ate as quick as possible, and moved the train on the road, numbering about three hundred wagons. Colonel Hunter divided his regiment into companies, distributing the companies along at intervals among the train, with orders to hold their part of it at all hazards. We moved off at a lively rate for Murfreesboro, knowing the rations were badly needed. We could see straggling scouts of cavalry on our flanks all day long, but met with no resistance from the enemy. While we were not bothered by the enemy, we all felt a great respon- sibilitj^ resting on the regiment for the safety of the train, as well as the safety of ourselves. We
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 33
started for Xashville late in the evening, night soon overtaking us, knowing a large body of rebel troops were in the rear of our army to do all the harm possible. I have often thought this occur rence over, and must say I always thought it an undertaking of great peril and responsibility, and consider it the merest chance of good luck that we finished the job without a heavy loss of men. I never for a moment doubted our ability to return with the train, without we were attacked by a su perior force of the enemy. On our arrival in the neighborhood of the army, we met the worst stam pede I ever witnessed in the army. On the road, in the fields on either side of the road, came teams with drivers and without drivers ; horses with and without riders ; men with and without guns. The Eighty-second being the only organized body of troops in sight, and unable to see what was caus ing this stampede, I shuddered for fear the sight would unnerve the regiment and it would become a part of the demoralized body. Colonel Hunter immediately threw the regiment across the road in line of battle, ordered them to fix bayonets and stop the stampede, if they had to fire into them to succeed. This order put the regiment on its nerve and they obeyed the order to fix bayonets with a will. This movement appeared to have great effect; men who had guns formed in line on either flank of the regiment, and things became quiet in a few moments. The first team stopped in our
34 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
front had Colonel Hull, of the Thirty-seventh In diana, in an ambulance, going to the rear, wounded, under the care of Chaplain Lozier. We inquired of the chaplain what was the cause of this trouble ; he pointed to his left and said there was a heavy cavalry fight going on, and thought our forces were getting the worst of it. On looking to our rear we discovered a body of troops forming. Col onel Hunter ordered me to go back and ascertain whether they were friend or foe ; if friends, to no tify them what was in our front, and request them to move up and join us. I rode back and found General [Starkweather's brigade, and notified the general what was in his front, and he moved his command up and joined Colonel Hunter. They talked awhile, and everything appearing quiet, Starkweather moved on and left us. After park ing our train wre moved toward where we heard heavy firing of small arms. On raising a hill we were saluted with a shell which struck in front of our line, tearing up the ground pretty lively, but doing no harm. Colonel Hunter ordered the- regiment back of the brow of the hill out of danger, and the officers watched the fight between ours and the enemy's cavalry. They were using their carbines pretty lively stand ing in line of battle. Soon our men ceased firing, and with one flash their sabers wrere drawn, and a most gallant charge was made, and the rebs took to the woods and left. We didn't know where to find our brigade, and the men being tired, hungry
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 35
and sleepy, we moved to a piece of woods along the pike, stacked arms and got our suppers. After supper Colonel Hunter ordered the men to sleep until he found out where we were needed. About midnight one of the Eighty-second, who was on staff duty, was sent back to see if we had returned from our trip to Nashville. Finding the men rest ing in peaceful slumber he reported to Colonel Walker, and a short time before daylight we re ceived orders to move up and take position on the front line. We took position on the morning of the 1st day of January, 1863. Sometime during the afternoon of this day rain set in and continued all night and a good part of the 2d. Awhile be fore night the rain ceased with appearance of clear weather. My brother and I cleaned off a large stone and built a fire on it to dry and warm it for a bed. After awhile we removed the fire to one side, let the rock cool to some extent, swept it off and made our bed, imagining what a fine night we would pass if the Johnnies let us alone. We soon turned in and passed into the happy state of for- getfulness (slumber). This happy state didn't last long, however, as a most terrific rain storm struck our pickets (I mean our blankets), forced its way through and captured us both. I didn't remain a quiet prisoner very long, but soon came to my feet and preached a very interesting sermon, not much after our chaplain's style, but after the style of my feelings ; stood up the balance of the night, feel ing that if it was such a great honor to die for one's
36 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
country would like for the Johnnies to open the ball and let me out of my trouble. The next morning my boot tops were burned so badly they dropped to pieces. But what need a fellow care about his boots. The rain over, the rebs were hunting up the boys and playing them such sweet music, that sleeping or fine boots didn't figure a cent's worth. Shells and bundles of iron rods drop ped in our camp, causing more wonder than fun. Along in the afternoon our brigade was ordered over the works, and moved to the front some two hundred yards, coming to an open field. The rebels were massing their troops in this open field to try our lines. The brigade was formed as fol lows : Seventeenth Ohio on the right and Thirty- first Ohio on the left of front line, Eighty-second Indiana on the right and Thirty-eighth Ohio on the left of second line, and the Fourth Michigan Battery on both flanks. The two lines were massed, the front firing and laying down to load, then rear line firing and laying down to load. We got two volleys from each line and some good work from the six guns in our battery at short range, when the Johnnies broke in great confu sion and never came back to see us again. The battle was raging to our left across Stone Eiver, which proved too much for Bragg and his rebel horde, as they moved out that night and left the dead and wounded to our care. The 4th was spent in burying the dead and caring for the wounded of both armies. On the fifth we moved
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 37
through Murfreesboro and went into camp. Dur ing this battle the Eighty-second had only five men wounded. Although we were on the field from the evening of the 31st of December to the 4th of January, and performed all duties assigned us, having a position on the front line all the time except the night of the 31st, it was our good luck to not be called on for hot work. Notwithstand ing our army was victorious, yet I must say, after the battle of Stone Elver was the darkest day I ever saw during my four years' service. Many officers delivered their disloyal sentiments and were dismissed from the service dishonorably therefor. My experience was that many men were in the service that had no love for the cause* Let them be extremely tired, wet, cold or hungry, they would commence damning the government, and saying if they were out of the service nothing could induce them to enter it again. Yet every man expects to be looked upon as loyal now, let him act as he will, if he was in the army.
We remained in camp back of Murfreesboro better than three months. During our stay here the regiment became very low in numbers. The extreme exposure during the campaign had caused much sickness. On one occasion Company I had reported six men for duty on their morning report. During that day I received an order from brigade headquarters for a detail of men. Agreeable to the morning reports of the different companies the number from Company I would be three men.
38 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
I made the order for detail and sent to each com pany to report their men at a certain time. Going to the place of formation at the time set, ihe Or derlies of each company came with their men to report for duty, except Company I. Sergeant Ka- per (better known as " Uncle Andy," he being 65 years of age when enlisted) came up and stepped on line with those that preceded him. I said to him: "Uncle Andy, where's your men?" He gave the salute, and said: "Here's all of Com pany I," and asked to be put on duty. I told him to go back to his quarters as I couldn't use him, he being the acting Orderly of the company. He said he hated to be the only man in the company for duty, and thinking they might pull through without a detail had reported six men for duty, but wouldn't do so any more, as he saw it caused me some trouble and delay, as I had to order three men from other companies and wait for the Or derlies to go back and bring their part of the de tail. " Uncle Andy " was a true patriot, a good soldier and a Christian gentleman. He was so anxious to serve his country that he gave a barber in Madison, Indiana, live dollars to shave him and cut his hair and black it (his hair being snow white), in order to pass him into the service. He passed for 44 years of age. He was a sto.ut-built, florid- complexioned man. Although he was 65 years of age when entering the service, he served his country honestly and faithfully for two years and ten months, without losing a day except when
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 39
wounded. He received a mirmie ball through one of his thighs at the battle of Chickamauga, but returned to duty in due time. "Uncle Andy" passed beyond the river of death some three years ago, being about 93 years of age. May the choicest blessings of heaven rest upon him as a just reward is my heartfelt wish.
On the 10th day of April, 1863, the Third Di vision, to which the Eighty- second belonged, moved to Triune, Tennessee, this being a point of great interest, being on the pike leading to JNashville, and midway between there and Murfreesboro. We were kept very vigilant. Heavy picketing was necessary. Scouting parties made daily excursions down in the neighborhood of the rebel outposts, to see what they were doing. Foraging parties went out as long as there was anything to get within a reasonable distance. From 3 o'clock to daylight every regiment stood to arms so as to meet the enemy promptly should they attempt an early attack. We had a nice drill ground and were kept at it daily, unless on other duty to prevent. Our whole division were well versed in all the movements necessary to make a good fight, and when the time came for fighting we proved our selves equal to any command in the army, by either regiment, brigade or division. While encamped here two men from Company H got into trouble, one Hiram Reynolds (commonly called "Gunboat") and Washington Mosier, Reynolds shooting and
40 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY SECOND
killing Mosier. Reynolds was tried by court- martial and condemned to death by banging, which took place at Nashville on the 12th day of August, 1863. Such incidents are caused by passion and whisky. During our stay in this camp we had several changes in our division commanders, Gen erals Fry, Steadman, Schofield and Brannan. Brannan commanded our division until the reor ganization of the army at Chattanooga. While here my brother-in-law, F. G. Taylor, contracted to furnish three days' rations of light bread each week while laying in camp, to the Third Division of the Fourteenth Army Corps. I was sent to Nashville in charge of three teams to bring his things to camp. The next day after going to Nashville some rebels, dressed in our uniforms, captured and burned a small train of wagons on the pike between Triune and Nashville. On ac count of having no guards for our train we were held over one day for the First East Tennessee Cavalry to report as guards. The hour for start ing next morning was set. I reported ahead of time, but found the train had been gone more than an hour. I was mounted, but there were eight men on foot, Taylor, four bakers, two assistants, and one member of the Eighty-second, who was reporting back for duty from hospital. We came to the place where our train had been burned two days before. I told those who were walking if any men dressed in our uniform come in on the road they must look out for themselves and I would do
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 41
likewise. We hadn't passed the burned wagons more than a quarter of a mile when we saw six men dressed in blue come on the pike in our rear. Casting off all the traps I was carrying for the footmen I bade them good-bye, and away Dobin and I went, keeping an eye to the rear to see how things were going. Increasing my speed the horse men in the rear did likewise. There was a grad ual ascent for about two miles, which gave me a good view of all maneuvers in my rear. Two of the horsemen checked when they came on the foot men, which led me to believe the party was cap tured. The other four kept on after me. I made the top of the hill and commenced the descent, which soon threw my pursuers out of sight. Keep ing up my speed the pursuers soon raised the top of the hill, only three being in sight. This began looking better. Soon only two were to be seen. This wasn't so bad. Directly only one was in sight, but gaining on me. My horse was good bottom, but not as fleet as the one after me. I looked ahead, but no train in sight. My pursuer never attempted to shoot or draw his saber. He was getting close on me. Having my revolver in hand ready to pull trigger, taking my reins well in hand, letting him get within about two rods of me, I wheeled my horse to the right and covered my man with the revolver and demanded his sur render. He commenced trying to tell about the men in the rear. Stopping his music I told him to take the road in front of me and not change his
(4)
42 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND.
speed or attempt to leave the ro id, or he would be killed. We kept up a lively gait for about three miles and run onto the train. He said, " There's my captain." I asked the captain if this was one of his men. Pie said yes. I turned my prisoner over and took a good breath. I got the train stopped, and Colonel Browlowe furnished me horses sufficient to bring up the eight footmen, and loading them on the train, continued our journey to camp, getting in before night. The chase was just as exciting as if the men after me had been rebels, but am free to acknowledge that I was glad they were wearing their true colors. Had two come on me at once I should have shot without asking any questions, as it was a common occur rence for the rebels to capture our men by being dressed in our uniform.
Triune was a very healthy place, the ground being rather rolling, our camps were dry; plenty of good spring water, with plenty of grub; fine weather, with plenty of good exercise, the men were the very picture of health ; and when the order came for a forward movement on Tullahoma, every man appeared to be ready and determined that no equal body of rebels need face them with the expectation of holding their own. And his tory will bear me out in saying they went wher ever they were ordered without any trouble, even against heavy odds.
CHAPTER IV.
TULLAHOMA CAMPAIGN.
Having been laying around camp doing picket •duty, drilling, guarding forage trains, building works of defense, standing to arms of mornings two hours or more before daylight, etc., for more than five months, the army was becoming impa tient waiting for a forward movement. Finally, on the 23d day of June, 1863, the order for a for ward move reached the men composing the Third Division of the Fourteenth Army Corps, of which the Eighty-second Indiana formed a part. Bragg' s army was holding a strong fortified position north of Duck River, extending from Shelbyville to "Wartrace, his cavalry holding McMinnville on the right, Spring Hill and Columbia on the left, with detachments at Guys, Hoovers, Liberty and Bell- buckle Gaps. Thomas', McCook's and Critten- den's Corps were concentrated on the rebel's right, with Granger's Corps and most of our cavalry making a feint on the rebel left. The enemy's position was a strong one for defense, and ex tremely favorable for a retreat. The hills in his front being very rough, the depressions being the only place for roads, Rosecrans' aim being to turn
44 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
Bragg's right and force him to give battle on ground of his own selection, or if he retreated it would be over a disadvantageous line. The move ment from Triune was to lead the enemy to believe he intended a direct attack on their front at Shel- byville. Our cavalry struck the enemy's cavalry and drove it back on the infantry, skirmishing heavily at Eaglesville, Rover and Qnionville. Our cavalry and infantry demonstrated on the enemy's left, and went as far as Woodbury to induce the enemy to believe it was merely a feint to divert their attention from a direct attack on Shelbyville. By direction of Major General Granger, command ing reserve corps, our division advanced from Triune at 9 A. M., on Tuesday, June 23, 1863, by the Nolinsville pike, to within one mile of Har- peth River, thence across to the Manchester pike,, by way of "Win slew's Camp Ground, arriving at Salem at 6 p. M., and encamped for the night. At 7 A. M., Wednesday, June 24, we advanced from Salem to Christiana, and relieved General Sheri dan's Division, of the Twentieth Army Corps, and remained at Christiana until relieved in turn by General Baird's Division of the reserve corps, when we advanced two miles in the direction of Millersburg, encamped for the night on Ross farm at Henry's Creek. At Christiana the enemy kept up a brisk skirmish with our advance, bringing up a six-pounder gun to bear on us, without doing any harm. On Thursday, June 25, we were re lieved from duty with the reserve corps and
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 45
ordered to report to General Thomas. We, how ever, remained at Ross farm, at the request of General McCook, in command on our left, until 11 A. M., when we moved forward to Hoover's Mill and encamped for the night. During the 24th and 25th it rained incessantly, rendering the roads over which we were frequently obliged to travel ex ceedingly difficult for the passage of artillery and wagons, and not exceedingly good for the army of footmen. We, however, got through, train and all, in very good shape. On Friday, June 26, we reported to Major General Rousseau, agreea ble to orders, and with his division effected the passage of Hoover's Gap, and encamped for the night on the south side of Scott's branch of Gar rison Creek. I copy from General Brannan's re port : " Colonel, I have the honor to report in accordance with instructions from Corps Head quarters. I reported at 8 A. M., Tuesday, June 26, 1863, to Major-General Rousseau on the Man chester pike. By his direction I moved my divis ion to the right of the pike, with a view to turn the flank of the rebel position on the heights north of Garrison Creek. Having succeeded in forming line under a pretty brisk fire of musketry, 1 advanced the First Brigade, Col. M. B. Walker commanding, on the right, while the Second, Brig adier-General J. B. Steadman, and the Third, Col. F. Vanderveer, supported the advance of the First Division on the center and left. After a deter mined but ineffectual resistance on the part of the
46 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
rebels we gained the first position on the com manding heights south of Garrison Creek. Having established batteries on the position lately taken from the enemy, the Second Brigade of my divis ion, supported by a portion of the First Divison, was thrown forward, and again succeeded in dis lodging the enemy from their position. The en emy then attempted to enfilade us from the high ground on our right, but in this were effectually prevented by the gallant and determined manner in which they were attacked and driven back by Colonel Walker's Brigade. The conduct of the troops was everything that could be wished. In accordance with orders from General Rousseau I encamped on Scott's branch of Garrison Creek." The Eighty-second Indiana, under command of Colonel Morton C. Hunter, supported by the Sev enteenth Ohio, charged the battery in our front, and drove it and the regiment in support from the hill on which they had taken position, in great confusion. Although the Eighty-second was in the advance the Seventeenth Ohio lost the most men in this charge, the enemy overshooting us and the Seventeenth getting the effect of the greater part of the leaden hail. The charge was made through an open field covered with weeds higher than the men's heads. The rain poured in tor rents all the time. On Saturday, June 27, we advanced to Manchester via Fairfield (striking the Manchester pike at Powell's farm) ; encamped there for the night. On the 28th of June, 12 M.>
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 47
left Manchester and proceeded to Crumpton's Creek and encamped for the night. The beating of drums could be heard in our front, and cars running at Tullahoma. Our advance skirmished with the enemy's pickets until after nightfall. On June 29 a part of our division advanced and met with much resistance from the enemy. Hav ing no support on the right our division halted. Two regiments were thrown to the front on the Winchester road as a protection, but were with drawn on the arrival of General Reynold's Divis ion at Bobo's cross-roads. On July 1 our divis ion was pushed forward vigorously to feel the enemy, advancing on the main road to Tullahoma to within one mile of the town. Finding the works evacuated we pushed on lively, entering the town close on the retreat of the enemy. The rebel works were extensive and well constructed, effect ually covering the road on which we advanced. The enemy must have left in great haste, as we found three large guns and considerable stores, which had been tired by the enemy and was still burning.
On July 2 ours and the Fourth Division joined at Spring Creek and followed the enemy to the Winchester road crossing of Elk River. The bridge having been burned by the rebels and the river not being fordable, the First, Third arid Fourth Divisions of the Fourteenth Corps were moved up the river to Jones' Ford, one brigade be ing thrown across, the balance going into camp on
48 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
the north side. This being a deep ford it was with much difficulty the troops were crossed, dam aging much amunition, the water getting into the cartridge boxes. The current was so swift the men could not stand up without some support. The first attempt to form a crossing was to drive the ambulances into the stream as a guard against the men being washed down and drowned. The first one that struck the center of the river was turned over and both mules drowned; a second one tried it with the same result. Then ropes were stretched across from bank to bank and securely fastened, and the men kept hold on the rope with one hand as they waded across. Several men were washed down and drowned. On the 4th of July our di vision moved to Tates, on the Decherd, Winches ter & McMinnville Road, and halted at 2 p M. The guns needing cleaning, and it being the 4th, the officers were ordered to have their regiments fire off their guns and clean them up. Colonel Hunter was exceedingly anxious to have his regiment fire the finest volley of any in the brigade. He marched his command out and fronted them, then rode along the line giving orders as to the volley. Hav ing everything understood, he came to his position and gave the command, " Ready, aim," — about that time some one in Company B (I expect Balser Kirsch) fired his gun ; then it went pop, pop, bang, all along the line, every fellow fearing he would be behind. I think the colonel was the maddest man in Tennessee for awhile, and putting the
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 49
rowels to old Duke he rode into camp on a regular cavalry charge to the rear. This was as good as I could ask. Xot having any fears of his arresting his boy brother, I twitted him all evening about what a fine volley his regiment had gotten off. After getting him to laughing he appeared to en joy it so well I concluded to let him alone. On July 5 we moved near Winchester and went into camp, where we remained until August 16, 1863, when we started on the Chattanooga campaign. During the nine days occupied in taking Tullahoraa it rained every day but one, yet the men, regard less of rank, did their work cheerfully, faithfully, and with patriotism and zeal. Some commands did more fighting than others, their losses being greater, yet I feel every man in the whole com mand is entitled to as much praise as though he had fought the enemy from the time he started until the point for which we started was captured. They all did just as ordered, and if the enemy in their front didn't stand to fight, of course all they could do was to follow up. There wasn't a case of any command failing to fight when the enemy stood for battle; nor was there a case of failure to drive the enemy when he did stand and show fight. While this was a short campaign, yet it was bril liant, and bore its share of hardships, owing to the vast amount of rain. We moved on an enemy equal in numbers and in a position of his own selection, the position being naturally strong. The passes through the mountains being such strong
50 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
military positions of nature it took but few men of nerve to guard them against a whole army, from the fact that but few could be brought to bear on the point of entrance at one time. From all ap pearances nature or human skill, or both combined, was unable to produce a place that the Army of the Cumberland could be checked, when it had orders to go beyond and view the landscape. Our division lost — enlisted men killed, 6 ; wounded, 62 ; captured, 1 ; officers wounded, 1. Total, 70. Our brigade had enlisted men killed, 6; wounded, 41. Total, 47. While our brigade lost near three- fourths of the whole division, it don't go to prove we did our duty any better than the other bri gades. I am unable, in fact indisposed, to call forth the brave and noble deeds of the Eighty- second Indiana on former occasions, and hold them up as superior to any other regiment in the United States Army, in writing the history of their acts on this campaign. As did the historian of the gallant Sixth, I claim they always did their duty every time called on, and believe the Sixth did the same, and know the members of the Sixth (outside of the historian) don't claim they put down the rebellion. It is a conceded fact, recog nized by all true soldiers, that where " my regi ment" and big " I" done everything, that the " I" part was generally where the bullets were thickest, " back with the ammunition train." The return of the Union Army to South Tennessee and North Alabama was as unexpected to the people as its
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 51
previous appearance the year before. The farmers had been induced to repair their farms and put in crops, under the assurance of the rebel authorities that there was no possible chance for the Union troops to ever give them any more bother. They ascertained to a moral certainty that war was very uncertain. When the brightest rays of prospective victory were apparently breaking forth, the dark clouds of adversity were gathering in the North, and swept on them and bursted in all their fury, bringing death and ruin to everything in their front. Their crops were consumed by both armies. The desolation wrought by the worn war path was most distressing, leaving the whole country in a very dilapidated condition. The country surrounding Tullahoma is low, wet, and extremely poor ; a very unpromising country for farming when at its best. Then of course its appearance must have been very deplorable after two armies had maneuvered over it for days, during extreme rain fall, with artillery, heavy trains and cavalry, saying nothing about the infantry columns which worked up the roads and fields until they bore more the appearance of vats for brick-yards than for farming purposes. But such is war. Our army was enduring all this ex posure, and helping to devastate the country, to save it for the army of rebels who were striving so hard to destroy it. The people have finally de cided we were wrong in keeping the country un divided, and suppose the next effort will meet with no opposition.
HENRY DAVIS.
CHAPTER Y.
CHICKAMAUGA CAMPAIGN.
On the 16th day of August 1863, the Eighty- second Indiana, in connection with the Army of the Cumberland, broke camp near Winchester, Tennessee, on the campaign for Chattanooga, Tennessee. Shortly after we broke camp the severest thunder storms I ever witnessed broke on us. The clouds rolling on the ground, the most terriffic peals of thunder with such vivid flashes of lightning in every direction. This lasted for about one hour. Colonel Hunter, fearing the in jury of his men by lightning, caused them to fix bayonets, refuse their guns, stick the bayonets in the ground and remove some distance from their arms and await the action of the storm. The storm was so severe it was next to impossible to move the Army. A general halt was ordered. After the storm passed over the sun came out in all its beauty, and we commenced to march. We moved on the Pelham road, via Dechard, encamp ing for the night about four miles from Dechard. On the 17th we again broke camp for the forward move, but were unable to proceed very far on ac count of the Fourth Division of the Fourteenth
54 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SFCOND
Corps obstructing the road. We encamped for the night. On the 18th we ascended the Cumber land Mountains, and encamped near " University Place." On the 19th we commenced the descent toward " Sweden's Cove." Arriving at the head of the cove, we encamped for the night. We re mained in camp until the morning of the 22d, when we again marched to Battle Creek on the Tennessee River. The enemy's pickets were on the opposite side of the river, but disappeared on our arrival. The Eighty-second Indiana and Fourth Kentucky were sent to Bridgeport to build a bridge across the Tennessee River. After completing the bridge we returned to Battle Creek on the 31st, when we crossed the river. Our division had to make the crossing on tempor ary rafts, hastily constructed for the occasion, made from such material as we could lind. We had to partly unload our wagons, which made our progress very slow and tedious. We completed the crossing on the evening of the 2d day of Sep tember. On the 3d we marched to Graham's Station, encamping for the night. We remained in camp most of the 4th, awaiting the division supply train to reach us from Bridgeport, as it was impossible to move without rations for the men and teams. On the evening of the 4th, the train having reached us, we proceeded through Hog Jaw Valley to Raccoon Mountain, ascend ing the mountain by Gordon's Mines, encamping for the night. On the 5th by 2 o'clock A. M. the
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 55
whole division with artillery and trains were on top of the mountain. The ascent of the mountain at this point was very steep and exceedingly dan gerous, yet we had exceedingly good luck, losing only two wagons. The infantry were of the greatest assistance ; by their untiring energy and faithfulness, the safety of the artillery and trains is accounted for. We remained in camp on the mountain until the morning of the 7th, when we advanced to Trenton. Remaining in camp at Tren ton until the 10th, we then advanced to Easley's. On the llth, at daybreak, the Eighty-second, with the balance of the division, moved without bag gage, with orders to cross Lookout Mountain without delay to support General ISTegley's divis ion, which was in a very dangerous position in McLemore's Cove When we arrived at the foot of the mountain we found it impossible to proceed further on account of the road being in posession of General Reynolds baggage train and other troops. In the evening at 6 o'clock we received orders to move and reach McLemore's Cove by daylight of the 12th. We were unable to move until 12:30 A. M. the 1 th. We commenced the ascent of the mountain and succeeded in getting one brigade up by daylight ; the other two bri gades followed and succeeded in getting into the cove by 11 A. M , with, however, only one battery. On the evening of the 13th our whole division, and one brigade of General Baird's division, made a reconnaissance meeting with no resistance
56 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
except cavalry scouts. We advanced two miles beyond Davis cross roads. We remained in camp on the 14th awaiting the. developments of General McCook's movements with the Twentieth Corps. On the 15th my brigade advanced to Chickamauga Creek, east of Lee's Mill and went into camp. We remained in position the 16th. On the 17th we moved and covered four fords, between Gow- ers Ford and Pond Spring. On the 18th our whole corps moved to the left along Chickamauga Creek to Craw-fish Spring. During the evening we received orders to move on a cross road lead ing by the Widow Glenn's house, to the Chatta nooga and LaFayette road. We inarched all night and reached Kelley's Farm about daylight on the morning of the 19th. Our night march was extremely tiring, the roads being narrow and packed with troops. Only for the fences along a part of our journey, it would have been extremely dark. The men fired the fences wherever they came to them, making it light and warm. While the four divisions of the Fourteenth Corps moved on different roads at times, the aim was to keep them in supporting distance of each other. General Negley, being in the advance, reached McLemore's Cove and found the enemy making every preparation to destroy his com mand, together with his train. General Baird ar rived to his assistance, and by good generalship on their part and extreme bad generalship on the part of the enemy, they saved their commands
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 57
and trains. This movement on General Xegley would have proved a success had it been pushed with vigor. But Xegley's boldness of advancing led the enemy to believe there was a large force advancing, and caused them to defer the attack until the whole of the Fourteenth Corps was in position, then they deemed it unsafe to make the attack. Crittenden's Corps being out of support ing distance by the rest of the army, Bragg or dered an attack made 011 him. While Crittenden was not aware of the danger of his command, he made movements of his troops as though he was able to compete with anything in his front. Again the lack of generalship on the part of the Confed erates saved Crittenden's troops from defeat. By the 7th of September the movements of the army had placed it along the western base of Lookout Mountain, about six miles from Chattanooga to Galley Head, thirty-six miles distant. In order to threaten the enemy's line of communication it was necessary to pass through the gaps of Lookout Mountain south of Chattanooga. General Bose- crans received information that Bragg was evacu ating Chattanooga, and ordered McCook, with the Twentieth Corps, to move rapidly on Alpine and Summerville, Georgia, to intercept his retreat and attack him on flank. Bragg estimated Rosecrans' force at seventy thousand and Burnside's at t\ven- ty-five thousand men, and fearing a conjunction of the two armies in his rear, fell back from Chatta nooga to prevent being cooped up in there and his
(5)
58 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
base of supplies destroyed. He was expecting re inforcements from Virginia, Mississippi, and Buck- ner's troops from near Knoxville, Tennessee, and calculated to catch Rosecrans' command in detail and destroy them. He placed his army between Lee's and Gordon's Mills and LaFayette. He soon seen his rapid retreat from Chattanooga misled lioseerans, and attempted to get in his flank and rear, thus dividing the flanks of his army thirty- six miles, and placing them in such a position that to combine them they had to make a detour, in creasing the distance to near fifty miles over a rough country. General Rosecrans discovered Bragg had received re- enforcements, and more were coming, and his only hopes of preventing total defeat was the speedy concentration of his army. At midnight of the IHth General McCook received orders to move to General Thomas' sup port. He moved with all haste, and on the 17th he had his command in McLemore's Cove, in sup porting distance of the Fourteenth Corps. Dur ing this time General Crittenden kept up appear ances of an advance, keeping in supporting distance of the Fourteenth Corps. .Now that the army was in supporting shape, how was it to be put into po sition to hold Chattanooga ? The force of rebels already present outnumbered our forces several thousand, and some ten or fifteen thousand being- near at hand. Their base of supplies being with them, while ours was fifty miles in the rear, with rough country to contend with. Had the rebel
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 59
army been in charge of a general the utter de feat of the Union army could have hardly escaped execution. Bragg was showing great activity on his left to cover the massing of his right. The re-enforcements coming from Virginia, passing through Dalton, revealed his intention. The night of the 17th Bragg laid his plan of attack. His army comprised five corps, Hood's, Walker's, Buckner's, Folk's and Hill's. Hood was to cross the Chickamauga at Reed's Bridge, and sweep up toward Lee and Gordon's Mills to reach Rosecrans' flank and rear, Walker to cross Alexander's Bridge and join Hood, and Buckner was to cross at Led- ford's Ford, and press on Wood's position in front of Folk's Corps, while the latter was to demon strate on the line of direct approach, and if not met by too much resistance to cross and attack any force he might meet. Hill's duty was to cover the left flank of the army, and in event of the movement of the Union Army to Wood's position, he was to attack its left flank.* Had these orders been executed as intended they would have been on Rosecrans' left and rear, and gained possession of all the roads east of the Chicka mauga Valley. Rosecrans was not prepared to defeat it. From causes unknown he wTas detained, giving Rosecrans time to form his command be tween Bragg and Chattanooga. On the night of the 18th Bragg was not ready for action, but was
* His plan given in his official report.
60 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
better prepared than Hosecrans, as his movements were on shorter lines. Eosecrans was compelled to make a night march on the 18th, which put five divisions in front of the enemy, with others in motion. General Thomas ordered Brannon's divis ion to make a demonstration toward the Chicka- mauga to capture a brigade of the enemy on the west side. This movement opened up the battle of the 19th, and disturbed Bragg's plans of attack and led him to believe it was an attack to turn his right flank. Soon the battle became fierce, lasting through the day, inflicting heavy loss on both armies. It appears that while the two armies had been in close proximity for days there was no- general engagement.
At request of General Morton C. Hunter, I have permitted him to give the history of the battle of Chickamauga, as far as the Eighty-second was concerned, he being its Colonel in command during the two days' battle.
BATTLE OF CHICKAMAUGA.
THE PART TAKEN BY THE EIGHTY-SECOND INDIANA-AD DRESS DELIVERED BY GENERAL MORTON C. HUNTER AT COLUMBUS, IND , OCTOBER 7, 1887.
Fellow- Comrades, Ladies and Gentlemen :
On the morning of the 19th of September, 1863,. about 8 o'clock, Brannon's Division, to which the Eighty- second Indiana belonged, opened the bat tle of Chickamauga.
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 61
We had marched all the night previous, as also had the Confederate Army, each intent on getting to Chattanooga first ; but the roads came together near Chickamauga River, about twelve miles from •Chattanooga. The river lay between the two armies, but most of the enemy had crossed, and the two armies met face to face. Brannon's Division was in the advance. It was reported to Thomas that a brigade of the enemy had been intercepted by Dan McCook's cavalry force and cut off from its main command, by the burning of a bridge where they had attempted to cross the Chickamauga River, and Brannon's Division was sent to capture it. He made the following dispo sition of his division ; General Crockston's Brigade moved on the right and General Vandaver's Bri gade on the left, and our brigade, commanded by Colonel Connell, with the Fourth Michigan Battery moved in the center. There were but three regi ments in our brigade during the whole fight, to wit: The Seventeenth and Thirty -first Ohio and the Eighty-second Indiana, the Thirty-eighth Ohio having been sent to guard the train to Chatta nooga. We had not gone far until Vandaver's Brigade encountered a division of the enemy, said to be commanded by General Walker, and Crock ston's Brigade encountered Forrest's Cavalry and drove it back till it became engaged with infantry. The enemy that we had thus attacked greatly out numbered Brannon's forces ; he sent to Thomas
62 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
for reinforcements but could get none. Our bri gade was soon divided. The Seventeenth Ohio was sent to Van Devene and the Thirty-first Ohio was sent to the right to the support of General Crockston's Brigade and the Eighty-second Indiana with the Fourth Michigan Battery were left to the support of General Vandaver's Brigade. We had gone but a short distance till we were halted on the brow of a hill, where we could distinctly see the fighting. Vandaver's Brigade was hard pressed, but the regular brigade which belonged to General Baird's had given away and was coming back, and the enemy after them. Captain Church, of the Fourth Michigan Battery, had six guns which he was ordered to put in position, each of which he double-shotted. The Eighty-second Indiana was placed on the right of the battery to support it, and the men were ordered to lie down so that they would not be seen by the enemy, and were ordered not to fire till the regular brigade had passed over them. They lay down but a few moments until the regular brigade had passed and the enemy came up, pressing them with all their might. When within fifty yards of us, the battery and the Eighty-second Indiana opened fire and gave them a volley. Then I ordered the Eighty-second In diana to their feet and followed up the firing as rapidly as possible, and the battery did the same, which was so sudden and so deadly that it gave them a check ; in an instant, almost, they were on the retreat. When the regular brigade passed over
INDIANA VOLUNTEIR INFANTRY. 63
us they baited and gave us their support, and we immediately cleared the enemy from our front. Yandaver's Brigade, the Eighty-second Indiana, and Fourth Michigan Battery, were then sent to the right, to the support of Crockston's Brigade, which was hard pressed. When the enemy saw the re-enforcements coming, they, supposing that they were much larger than they were, gave way and left us masters of the field. By this time fight ing had become general and we could hear it dis tinctly for some distance to our right; but that ended the lighting of our division on the first day. The officers and men of the division acted gallantly and were in good spirits, feeling that they had de feated the enemy in their front, though the losses were heavy on both sides.
We stayed on the field guarding our front till near sundown, when General Baird took our place and General Brannon received orders to march to another position, which was some two miles to the right. We arrived there about dark and camped in an open field, in which there was a straw stack. It was a very chilly evening; the men were with out blankets, having left them where they had pre pared to enter the battle in the morning, the ground of which was now occupied by the enemy. That night a very heavy frost fell, and being near the enemy we could not build fires, in consequence of which the men suffered very much during the night, but the boys stood it without a murmur.
64 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
About 3 o'clock in the morning we marched out a short distance, the frost cracking under our feet like a young snow, and took position in the new line of battle as formed; the Seventeenth and Thirty-first Ohio occupied the first line and the Eighty-second Indiana the second line, about sixty yards in the rear. The main army which formed the line of battle was divided into three parts, the right, the left and the center. The right was com manded by General McCook, and was composed of three divisions, to wit : Jeff. C. Davis', Sheridan's and Johnston's divisions. The left was com manded by General Crittenden and wras composed of three divisions, to wit: Van Clove's, Palmer's and Wood's divisions. The center wras com manded by General Thomas, and had four divisions, to wit : Baird's, Negley's, Reynold's and Bran- non's divisions, with General Granger's Division in reserve.
The line of battle as formed was imperfect in this, to wit : The right was not closed up against the center, but left a gap of a quarter of a mile or more between Thomas' and McCook's commands. Had McCook been closed up against Thomas' command, our line could never have been broken. Now the Eighty-second Indiana was in Brannon's Division, which was on the extreme right of Thomas' com mand, where this open gap appeared, which made it more difficult to defend. That was the position of the army on the second day's battle. [The line of battle given here.]
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 65
That morning the sky was clear, and when the sun arose it looked as red as blood through the fog, and was an omen to many as to what the day would be. The light commenced on the left about 9 o'clock in the morning and grew more furious each moment thereafter. Many supposed the at tack on our left was a mere feint to draw our forces from the right to oppose it, while the enemy massed his troops in front of our line where this gap of a quarter of a mile or more appeared. Be that as it may, the enemy finding themselves unable to break the line on the left, suddenly commenced an attack in our front. About fifteen minutes before the fighting commenced in our front, General Wood moved a brigade of his to the left and in line with us, but Rosecrans sent to him an order to close to the left and support Reynolds, as the fighting at that time had reached Reynolds, but Wood did not know how to obey the order unless he moved out of line and to the rear of Reynolds, as Brannon was in line between him and Reynolds.
Woods' brigade stayed there but a few moments when it moved out of line, and went to the left in rear of Reynolds. It had been gone but a short time when the enemy commenced a heavy attack on us. The Seventeenth and Thirty-first Ohio had made a breastwork of rails in their front. When the enemy made the attack it was so furious and angry that the Seventeenth and Thirty-first Ohio, resisting with all their power, soon gave way, and came back to the rear and passed over us. I
66 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
had the Eighty-second Indiana lying down. The enemy were pressing the Seventeenth and Thirty - iirst with all their power, when I ordered the Eighty-second to tire, and to raise and charge them, which they did. The fire proved so deadly, and the shock was so great and unexpected to the enemy that they gave way,' and we pressed them until we regained the breastworks from which the Seventeenth and Thirty-first Ohio had been driven. In going this short distance of sixty yards I lost ninety-two men, killed and wounded. On looking to my left I saw the whole line had given way as far as I could see. I expected that the Seven teenth and Thirty-first Ohio, when they had passed over my regiment, and saw that I had gone to the front, would reorganize and come to our support. When I reached the breastworks from which they had been driven I looked around, and not a single man in the Union army, outside of the Eighty- second Indiana, was to be seen. My regiment was left alone, and had to take care of itself. I did not go any further than the breastworks, seeing I had no support, and ceased firing, when the enemy, about five minutes later, saw there was no force following them, reorganized and came back. When I saw them coming on our right and in front of us I ordered Lieutenant-Colonel Davis, of my regiment, to throw back the right of the Eighty-second so that the enemy could not sur round us. He did so, and then I ordered the regi ment to fall back and wheel and fire about every
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 67
fifty yards, which kept the enemy in check. While we were falling back. Captain McCallister, of Company K, a brave officer, was killed, and our flag-staff was shattered to pieces and the flag was disconnected from the staff, when Colonel Davis seized the flag and carried it with him.
We fell back about half a mile or more to the top of a hill. While going up the hill we met stragglers by the hundreds coming from Jeff. C. Davis' command, saying that they were flanked. I looked around and could see no one in command. I tried to take command of them, and did stop quite a number of the men from going to the rear, and put them on the left of the Eighty-second Indi ana, as the Eighty-second was an organized body. When we reached the top of the hill I determined to go no farther, and ordered the men to throw up a breast-work of rails, a fence being there. While superintending the breast-works, Captain Roop, of my command, came to me and said Colonel Davis wished to see me. He was to my right. I immediately started and met him, and he then told me he had ordered the men of the Eighty-second to put anything in their front they could find. I told him that was right, that I could see no place of safety and I proposed to fight it out there. While I had gone to see Colonel Davis, quite a number I had stopped left, and the brunt of the fighting fell on the Eighty-second. We had been there but a few moments till the enemy pressed up and made an attack, which we repulsed.
68 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
A short time afterwards they made a second at tack, which was much more severe than the first, which we again repulsed. In a few moments they made a third attack with still greater severity, which we again repulsed, we having advantage of position.
In the meantime the firing being heavy, it at tracted the attention of General Thomas, who could not have been far distant, as he sent one of his staff officers, whose name I have forgotten, but " he rode a large black horse with white in his face." He asked me " What troops were fighting there? If the officer is living he will remember this. I told him it was the Eighty-second Indiana and some men I had stopped going to the rear and put in line He asked me how long I supposed I could hold the hill. I told him as long as our am munition would last, and I asked him if he knew where I could get a new supply. He made no re ply, but rode away. In about fifteen minutes from that time fourteen men came up, carrying fourteen boxes of ammunition. Where they came from I do not know unless this staff officer had sent them. I immediately caused this ammunition to be dis tributed to the men. When we had time we still strengthened our works.
We had been on the hill, I should judge at least one hour and a half, before I saw a living man, ex cept General Walker, of the Thirty- first Ohio, who is a brave and gallant officer, and Captain Byers, adjutant of the Thirty-first Ohio, the enemy against
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 69
us, and the men in the Eighty-second Indiana and those I had stopped and put in line. The first troops I saw were the Ninth Ohio. They came up and charged down the hill on the enemy. It soon got too hot for them and they came back and formed on our right and turned logs in their front.
A few moments later we saw troops coming up and going into line on our right, until I supposed we had about three thousand men in line, with the order from Thomas " to hold the hill at all haz ards."
This hill proved to be the key to the battle field, for the enemy had to take it in order to get around Thomas. While Brannon was coming up with his troops and going into position, the enemy were massing their forces in our front. About 1 o'clock the enemy made the most determined and furious attack upon us that I ever saw or heard of — charg ing right up against our line, which we repulsed with great slaughter to them and with equal de termination. They made charge after charge and the more we repulsed them, the more furious they became, until the roar of battle and the surge of the charge made the very earth tremble beneath us ; everything was drowned by the rattle of mus ketry and the tumult of the onslaught. I judged from the way they fought us that they knew that they had three or four times the number of men we did, at least they kept up the lighting, never ceasing for scarcely a moment for nearly four hours. I did not know certainly what t- oops were
70 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
opposing us, but understood it was Longstreet's command, which consisted of his corps and other troops that were placed under him.
Sometime in the afternoon, about 3 o'clock, when the fighting in our front was heavy as it could be, General Steadman came up with a di vision and went to the right of Brannon, in a ra vine, and entered the tight with us. The hill butted up against the ravine so that the enemy could not get farther to the right. No artillery was used on either side, at least I could hear none, but it was a fight with the deadly musket, wielded with all the skill and power of gallant soldiery. But wTe could not be dislodged from our position, and stayed there as though we were frozen to the hill.
Steadman, as well as we, on the hill, held his ground and was never driven an inch. In our front everything wras mowed smooth by bullets, and the dead lay thicker than I ever saw them on any other battle field. General Ward and Major Stinchcom of the Seventeenth Ohio came up with the last troops and acted nobly and gallantly. General Ward fell pierced with a minnie-ball and was carried from the field dangerously wounded.
The fighting, after some four hours, subsided a little, but the enemy kept it up till dark ; then everything quieted down. I supposed the enemy was defeated, or, at least, was satisfied that they could not whip us. We had shot away all the am munition that we could get, and were determined to hold the hill with the bayonet, which had
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 71
already been used by those who were out of am munition. We had fought all day without food or water, when an order came [at least I was told so] that other troops would take our places, and that we should go down the hill, on the opposite side from the enemy, in the bottom and take sup per. We moved by the left flank, which threw the Eighty-second Indiana in advance. We marched some distance, when we came to a road. One of Thomas' staff officers was there. Gen eral Brannon asked him if that was the road to Rossville; he said it was. Then General Brannon ordered me to take it and go there, which was the first intimation I had that we were going there to take a new position. You can imagine my feel ings better than I can express them. I supposed the enemy was defeated, and instead of us taking a new position for defense we should be prepar ing to advance, for we had undoubtedly defeated the enemy in our front, and I supposed the rest of the army had done likewise. I could not see any of our forces but a small portion of them on our left, about a half a mile a way, and could not hear anything that was going on, for everything was drowned by the roar of musketry. But I soon learned the facts, and found that we had been holding the enemy in check until Thomas had got ten the rest of the army out of danger, and that we were now merely bringing up the rear. Be sides, we were now inarching away from our killed
72 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
and wounded. I had two brothers in my regi ment, and I did not know whether they were with us or not; my Lieutenant- Colonel had a son who I knew was wounded, but did not know where he was, besides all the killed and wounded, leaving them to fall into the hands of the enemy. I did not know our losses, but knew they must be heavy.
When we made the charge in the bottom after 10 o'clock, after the Seventeenth and Thirty-first Ohio had given wray from the breastworks, I knew our loss must be terrible in killed and wounded, for when we came out of the charge our regi ment did not look as large by half as when we entered the fight.
I expected when night came to have our killed and wounded cared for, but now we could see after none. It was eight miles to Rossville, the night dark, and the surviving troops were tired, as they had fought all day without food or wTater, and yet had to travel this distance, leaving an enemy be tween us and those we loved so well. But enough of this, for the very thought of it unnerves me.
^"ow what I claim for the Eighty second Indiana is this, They are entitled to the credit of being the first troops on the hill, which proved to be the key to the battle-field, and held it against the enemy for at least one hour and a half, until Thomas could learn its importance and send up reinforce ments which held it and saved our army. Had the Eighty-second Indiana not gone on that hill the enemy would undoubtedly have destroyed our
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 73
forces, for they would have gotten behind us and assaulted us in the front and rear. Rosecrans had left the army and gone in the direction of Chatta nooga and given up, as also had the commanders of the right and left wings of the army, and the whole command fell on Thomas' shoulders. Thomas could not have learned the importance of this position had not the Eighty-second Indiana taken and defended it until he had time to see and know the advantage it afforded ; hence the order he sent, "to hold it at all hazards."
The fighting we did on that hill to hold it, on the 20th day of September, 1863, is equal, if not superior, to that of any battle fought during the war. In this remark I include all the troops on the hill, and Steadman's in the ravine to our right.
It is claimed that when Steadman came into the fight he saved our army by keeping the enemy from flanking Brannon. That may be true, but Brannon was of as much importance to Steadman as Steadman was to Brannon. If he kept the enemy from flanking Brannon on the right, Bran non kept the enemy from flanking Steadman on the left. One was just as important as the other. The truth is just as I have stated it, the honor of saving the army was due to all the troops that fought on the hill and in the ravine to our right — to one as much as the other, for it took the fight ing of all to hold the position.
In anything I have said I do not Avish to be un derstood as detracting from the rest of the army,
(6)
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for I believe every regiment did its full duty, and is entitled to credit therefor. Some regiments had more fighting to do than others, because they oc cupied a position the enemy thought was more im portant for them to take than others, hence the hard fighting of the Eighty-second on the second day, for we occupied a position with other com rades the enemy desired to take, and massed their forces to take, and tried with all their power from 1 o'clock till dark to accomplish it, but utterly failed in their attempt.
In the morning before the fight commenced, I ordered Major Slocum, of my regiment, to take thirty men and go out and form a picket line and guard the open gap to our right. He and his men who were not killed or wounded when the enemy made the attack, fell back on the hill about one hundred and fifty yards to our right and joined Brannon's forces and fought there bravely till dark and joined us at Rossville. When we got to Ross- ville we stayed there all the next day and next night, prepared and waiting for the enemy. The question is often asked by many, why was it that the enemy did not follow us up and attack us ? The answer is this, they could not; they would have done it if they could, but their army was so badly hurt that it had but little fight left in it, so little that they would not. attempt it. If they had it would have proved a failure, for we formed a line across the valley at Rossville that would have held it against any force they could
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 75
have brought. We moved from Rossville to Chattanooga on Tuesday morning without in terruption, except their cavalry made a little show of fight when we got to Chattanooga, but took good care to keep out of range of our muskets. After we got to Chattanooga we forti fied in twenty minutes, so that we could not have been gotten out of there with twice their force. Chattanooga was the objective point ; we got there in good shape and held it. The battle of Chicka- mauga would have terminated very differently from what it did, had McCook on the second day's fight been closed up against Thomas, for then our line could never have been broken, but that fatal gap of a quarter-mile or more was left open where the enemy came in and flanked our army both ways, which was the fatal blunder. It was always a mystery to me, after our army was flanked how Thomas could hold together as he did till dark, and then draw off his forces without loss to Ross ville. That blunder, which Thomas was not re sponsible for, caused us a retreat to another posi tion, but not a defeat. I had about three hundred muskets in line that day, and my loss, as I now remember it, was one hundred and thirty-seven killed and wounded; none of my men were taken prisoners except the wounded.
When I wrote my account of the battle of Chick- amauga, and delivered it to my regiment at a re union held at Columbus, Indiana, in the fall of 1887, I then regarded it as true, though written
76 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
twenty-four years after it occured, and written, too, from memory ; for that battle was more in delibly fixed in my mind than all the battles I was ever in, for the reason that it was the most danger ous and critical in which I was ever engaged ; and thought it would be borne out by my report made immediately after the battle, when published by authority of the United States, giving a history of the war. Since that time the reports have been published, and mine does not appear among them. It is reported " not found," though I know it was made, and forwarded in the regular channels of reports, as shown by my brigade commander's re port, published in volume thirty of the " Chicka- mauga Campaign," on page 410. I find among said reports General Brannon's. He was my di vision commander. His report, published on page 400 of said book (Chickamauga Campaign) does, as I think, my command great injustice. On page 402 of said report he says : " Wood being taken while marching by the flank, broke and fled in confusion, and my line actually attacked from the rear, was obliged to swing back from the right, which it accomplished with wonderful regularity under such circumstances (with, however, the ex ception of a portion of the First Brigade, which, being much exposed, broke with considerable dis order.)" In that part of his report the thing I complain of is this : He does not say what part did its duty. In order that you may see how
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 77
our division was placed, I will give the exact po sition. It was closed up against Reynolds. The Second Brigade was on the left, the First Brigade was on the right, with the Third Brigade in reserve. Wood's division having moved out of line of hat- tie, left the right of my brigade exposed, as there was a gap open as far as I could see — being more than 250 yards. I never saw my division com mander from the morning of the 20th until after night, when we moved off the hill. I don't know where he kept himself; but am sure he was not around where I was during the 20th. For I believe, under the circumstances, he should have been in the rear of my brigade, for it was the place of danger, for the reason that the Sev enteenth Ohio and my regiment (Eighty second Indiana) formed the right flank of his division, where this gap appeared. General Longstreet was in front of us with his picked corps of the Eastern army, with his troops six lines deep, to march in said gap when the time came for him to advance, for we had no protection on the flank for the Seventeenth Ohio and the Eighty-second In diana, except Major Slocumb, who was thrown out with thirty flankers to do the best he could where the enemy made their appearance. Before the attack was made by General Longstreet the Third Brigade, which was in reserve, was sent to General Baird for his assistance. General Crox- ton, commander of the Second Brigade, was closed up against Reynolds. Then came the Thirty-first
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Ohio of our brigade, supported by the Fourteenth Ohio, one of Croxton's Brigade, then the Fourth Michigan Battery, then the Seventeenth Ohio, sup ported by my regiment, the Eighty-second Indi ana, about sixty yards in the rear. Now, had Brannon been there, and I believe he should, then he could have seen what the First Brigade did instead of guessing at it as he did. He would have learned the perils that the First Brigade was in when the enemy appeared and fired upon us. Their coming was so furious and determined — like a cyclone — that the Thirty first and Seventeenth Ohio, who were occupying the first line, after ex changing a few shots with them, gave way and came back over us. After the Seventeenth had passed and the rebels had crossed our line of breast-works, I had the Eighty-second lying down with bayonets fixed, when I ordered them to fire and rise and charge them, which they did with a will. Their fire was so deadly, and so unexpected was the charge, that the rebels who had crossed the breast-works gave way, and we pressed them until we regained them and drove the rebels from our front. In that charge my regiment numbered only about 200 ; lost 90 in killed and wounded of as brave men as ever shouldered a musket. When I got to the breast-works, and had driven the en emy back, I looked around to see what support I had, and, to my surprise, I could not see a single soldier to my left except the Eighty-second Indi ana. They were all gone as far as I could see,
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 79
and I was left alone out in the field to take care of myself. Had any regiment come to my sup port I should not have left, but fought it out there. In this charge many of the rebels were killed and wounded, among whom was General Hood, wounded, one of the bravest generals in the rebel army, and I believe the Eighty-second Indi ana did it, for they were the only ones engaged in this charge.
I never saw men fight braver and more deter mined than my men did. General Brannon and the Second Brigade had all given back; at least I could not see anything of them. Being left alone and without any prospect of support, and the rebels coming on my right and left, I had Colonel Davis to throw back my right, to keep from being surrounded. I ordered my men to give back and wheel and fire every fifty yards, to keep the enemy in check. I moved straight to the rear, moving neither to the right nor the left, and kept ahead as fast as we could walk.
That we made this charge, I refer you to Colonel Connell's report, my brigade commander, page- 411 of " Chickamauga Battlefield," where he says : "Under my observation come the heroic conduct, of Colonel Hunter, Eighty-second Indiana, Colonel Ward of the Seventeenth Ohio, and Colonel Lister of the Thirty-first Ohio. The former, charged with his brave command through our fleeing troops, and retook, and for a moment held our breast works, when wholly unprotected on right flank or
80 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
rear." Gould more be expected of my gallant command than that? For it made one of the bravest charges against superior numbers, and against troops that were the flower of the rebel army, that was made daring the war. And my di vision commander should have recognized my brave command in his report, instead of saying : "With the exception of a portion of the first brigade being much exposed, broke with consider able disorder." I will venture the assertion that my command left the breast-works after General Brannon had fallen back. While we were retreat ing four rebel regiments followed us up and kept firing at us. At one time Captain McAllaster was killed, and the flag staff shattered, and the flag fell to the ground, when Colonel Davis picked it up, and carried it to the top of the hill. The men for a moment were excited, bat I spoke to them and soon quieted them down. By this time our regi ment was tolerably long, and scattered out, when I was informed that General Brannon rode up with two orderlies, but I did not see them, and ordered my brother, Adjutant Hunter, to form at a fence about five hundred yards in our front (we were then going to the rear) when Adjutant Hunter and some forty men moved up faster than the regiment to the fence on the hillside. When the adjutant got there, General Negley ordered him to move to the rear, for if he stayed there two minutes he would be captured. The adjutant in sisted on waiting until I would corne up with the
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 81
rest of the regiment, but Xegley insisted that we would be captured before we got there.
The Adjutant and his men went up the hill with him and joined the Eighty-fourth Illinois and started for the rear. When I got to the fence and started up the hill, I saw stragglers from JefF. C. Davis' command, and tried to stop them, and did stop a few and put them on the left of the Eighty- second Indiana. When I got to the top of the hill I saw in an instant, from the lay of the ground, that it was the place to fight, and deter mined to do so as long as my ammunition would last, for I never could consent to going down the oppo site side of the hill, giving the enemy the advantage of being above us. I instantly deployed my regi ment along the brow of the hill and told them to throw logs, rocks, stumps, rails or any other thing in their front that they could get for their protection. The enemy, in about fifteen minutes, came up and attacked us and we repulsed them. We repulsed them for three different times. Then they seemed to leave us alone for a time. The first man I saw on the hill was one of General Thomas' stafT. He -came up and asked me who was fighting on the hill; I told him the Eighty-second Indiana and a few men I had stopped and put into line. He asked me how long I could hold the hill. I told him I thought I could hold it as long as. my ammunition would last, and asked him if he knew where there was any more, to which he made no reply, but rode away. In a few minutes fourteen
82 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
men came up carrying fourteen boxes of ammuni tion, and I immediately had it distributed among the men. Where it came from, I know not, unless this staff officer sent it. The next men I saw were Colonel Walker and Adjutant Byers of the Thirty- first Ohio. In a few moments more I saw the Ninth Ohio (Colonel Kammerling's regiment) com ing up from our left and rear, who charged down the hill. I told them before they charged that they had better stop on the top of the hill and throw logs in their front and let the rebels charge them. But Colonel Kammerling insisted on going and I told him to go. The regiment stayed about five minutes and then came back. Colonel Kam merling, when he came back, remarked that the rebels were too d — d thick down there. Then he formed his command on my right and turned logs in their front.
As evidence of what I say is true, I herewith submit the statements of Captain Henry S. Byers,. of the Thirty-first Ohio, and Colonel Gustav Kam merling and members of the Ninth Ohio.
" BLOOMINGTON, IND., January, 1893. "I, Henry S. Byers, late Adjutant Thirty-first Ohio Veteran Infantry, take pleasure in making this statement in honor to Gen. Morton C. Hunter,, and his regiment, Eighty-second Indiana. That on the 20th day of September, 1863, between the hours of 12 M. and 1 p. M. I saw General Hunter and the Eighty-second Indiana in position on the left of the hill, known as Snodgrass Hill (and the
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 83
key-point to the field), they being the first troops to take position. Some time after I saw the Ninth Ohio, Colonel Kitnmerling, come up and take posi tion on the right of the Eighty-second Indiana. Afterward other troops took position, and held the ridge until dark.
" TELL CITY, IND., February 7, 1893. " I take pleasure in making the following state ment of facts that took place on the 20th of Sep tember, 1863, at what was known as the 'Battle of Chickamauga," viz. : About 1 o'clock p. M., Sept. 20, 1863, I moved my regiment (the Ninth Ohio) on to what is known as ' Snodgrass Hill,' and found Col. Morton C. Hunter with the Eighty- second Indiana Regiment, and formed on his right along the brow of the hill, and there was no other troops on the hill at the time I arrived there bat the Eighty-second Indiana. We held our positions until after night, and then moved off under orders.
" GrUSTAV KlMMERLING,
" Late Col. 9th 0. V. I."
"We, the undersigned, members of the Ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, being present at the time mentioned above, take great pleasure in fully in dorsing the statements of our brave Colonel, know ing them to be true :
Name. Rank. Co. Regiment.
Christ. Haffner, Private, " I." Ninth O. Y. I. C. W. H. Luebbert, " "D." «
Fred. Bertsch, 1st Lieut. "B." " "
HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
"D." "B." "B."
"A." "F." "G."
|
Sergeant, Private, |
"A." "E." |
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"H." |
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"A." |
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"E." |
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a |
"A." |
u |
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a |
"A." |
a |
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a |
"G." |
a |
|
a |
" C." |
a |
|
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"K." |
a |
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Corporal, « |
UC." "H." |
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Private, a |
UA." « _E." |
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"B." .. j " |
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Name. Rank. Co. Regiment.
Geo. A. Schneidey, 1st Sergt. "C." Ninth 0. V. I.
Gerhard Ferber, Corporal, "F."
John Schmutt, Private, " I."
Wihjalm Stagge,
Fredrick Freever,
Joseph Scherer,
Adam Klingel,
Carl Haller,
Herman Howind,
F. Bedecker,
Louis Mark,
Chas. Bemimger
Joseph Deitsch,
John Loge,
George Rimpler,
H. Gunklack,
F. Wendel,
Wm. Leipnitz,
Peter Miller,
A. Voegmann,
Chas. Nulsen,
Bernard Sentro,
A. Bachlet,
Deitrick Dorst,
Adam Fath,
John Heine,
George Maier,
Chas. Schuly,
Igwers Hoch,
Jacob Setter,
John Boecual,
.. J "
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 85
In about fifteen minutes other regiments came up, which I said in my speech were Brannon's troops. I then did not know, but supposed they were. But since I have read the reports of the various officers in volume 30 of the battle of Chickamauga, I can't find any of them that say that they were sent or brought by General Bran- non on that hill, except one regiment sent by Gen eral Negley after the fight commenced. I suppose they came up of their own accord (at least, they were not sent or brought by General Brannon), because they were brave officers and men, and knew that they had to fight or surrender, and that bein^ a good place to fight, formed on the right of the Ninth Ohio, along said ridge, and made the line about 400 yards long from left to right, where the heaviest battle was fought during the war. No body blames General Brannon for taking com mand of the troops, for he was the ranking officer, and it was his duty to do it. What I blame him for is this : After the battle was fought, and it was successful, he claimed all the credit of selecting the position. From his report you would come to the conclusion that he had selected that hill as the key to the battle-field, and he had made every preparation to defend it ; when the truth is that my regiment, the Eighty-second Indiana, had been on that hill for more than an hour before he came on it, and had repulsed three charges of the Rebels made upon it, and yet he does not give my com mand any credit for doing a single thing, when it
86 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
is entitled to the credit of holding that hill against the enemy until re-enforcements came up and assisted in holding the enemy at bay. Had my regi ment not gone on that hill the enemy would have been on top of it an hour before General Brannon came there, and would have crushed our army and taken us as prisoners of war. I hold that the fight on the hill was purely accidental, for when I came upon that hill I did not know where to go. But being pressed by the rebels, the top seemed like the place to fight. Without giving it a moment's thought, I immediately deployed my men along the brow and froze to it. I claim that all the offi cers and men, without exception, are entitled to the credit of holding it ; but no man or set of men is entitled to the credit of selecting it. That was purely accidental; but when Brannon came the line of battle was fixed by my regiment and the Ninth Ohio. There was nothing left for troops to do except to form on the right of the Xinth Ohio along the brow of the hill. There was no other place for them to go, if they wanted to de fend the hill. For Brannon to say that he selected the place for them to go is simply preposterous.
My regiment took its position upon the top of that hill on the left in line of battle before twelve o'clock of that day (Sept. 20, 1863) and maintained it by as hard fighting as was ever done by man. I never saw any one during the day'with a star on his shoulder, save one, I think he had, though I am not certain, whom I did not know at the time
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 87
nor for a long time afterwards, and that was General John Beatty, of Ohio, who came in with some troops on the left of my regiment. He spoke of others as well as myself, during the heaviest charge that I ever saw made. He spoke as follows, on page 370, Chickamauga Campaign: u* * * Of Colonel Hunter, of the Eighty-second Indiana, * * * as men who deserve the gratitude of the Nation, for an exhibition on this occasion of deter mined courage, which I believe unsurpassed in the history of the Rebellion." After dark, about eight o'clock, General Brannon came to me, the first time that I saw him since early that morning, and told me that we would go off the hill. We moved by the left flank, which threw me in ad vance, and we marched down the hill and thence to liossville.
I feel that I have done my duty as a soldier, and am now in declining years and care nothing for honors, unless due me. Knowing the cause for which I fought was successful, I would not bother myself to ask for justice to myself; but knowing the soldiering qualities of my brave command, I can not think of keeping quiet until I see them given the honor so justly due them. I never gave them an order but what was cheerfuly executed, no difference how dangerous. It was so general I am unable to point out a single instance of failure. Brave boys. I cheerfully make this statement so justly due you.
[Colonel Davis and myself were the only field
88 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
officers in command of the regiment during that bloody encounter on Snodgrass Hill. Colonel Davis is now dead and gone. He was as brave an officer as ever lived, and is entitled to as much credit as I am in that struggle.]
The regiment reached Rossville about 10 o'clock the night of the 20th, and took position in rear of Reynolds' Division, near the Dry Valley Road. The army remained in position guarding Rossville Gap and roads leading to Chattanooga until 10 o'clock p. M. of the 21st. •< Brannon's Division was posted at 6 P. M. on the road about half way between Rossville and Chattanooga to cover the movement. The troops were withdrawn in a quiet, orderly manner, without the loss of a single man, and by 7 A. M. on the 22d were in their posi tion in front of Chattanooga, which had been as signed to them previous to their arrival." I make this statement from General Thomas' report to show that our division was the rear guard cover ing this movement, having heard many soldiers claiming that their division was the one who per formed that duty. In one hour after reach ing Chattanooga the army had succeeded in throwing up breastworks that defied the assault of the enemy, and in a few days the defense of Chattanooga would have defied all the rebels that were contending for the establishment of the Southern Confederacy. General Rosecrans was soon removed from command and the greatest General of them all placed in command, i. e., George
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 89
H. Thomas, better known by his soldiers as " old Pap Thomas."
Report of the killed, wounded and missing of the Eighty-second Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in the fight of Chickamauga, Georgia, the 19th and 20th of September, 1863.
STAFF.
Missing, Surgeon William H. Lemon. Wounded, Adjutant Alf. G. Hunter, in forehead, slight.
NON COMMISSIONED STAFF.
Wounded, Sergeant-Major Henry I. Davis, since died.
Missing, Hospital Steward, Robert H. Campbell.
COMPANY "A."
Killed, Private James A. Sipe.
Wounded, Private Enoch Robinson, right arm.
Wounded, Private William C. Eldridge, leg, slightly.
Wounded, Private Eastman Wine, forehead.
Wounded, Private Andrew H. Blackford, left arm.
Missing, Sergeant Thadeus 0. Swindler.
Missing, Corporal James I. Hollenback.
Missing, Private Wesley L. Blackford.
Missing, Private Joseph Hutchinson.
Missing, Private William R. Hartwell.
Missing, Private Harman K. Whitsell.
Missing, Private Francis M. Nicely.
Missing, Private Jacob Stites.
(7)
90 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
COMPANY "B."
Killed, Private William Baty.
Killed, Private John Fink.
Killed, Private George A. Hopple.
Killed, Private George S. Garrell.
Wounded, Corporal John M. Larabee, breast, slightly.
Wounded, Private John W. Lafevers, left thigh, since died.
Wounded, Private William H. Gorrell, shoulder, since died.
Wounded, Private Lucian Allison, thigh, slightly.
Wounded, Private Harvey Crockett, thigh, slightly.
Wounded, Private Frederick Mauler, breast, slightly.
Wounded, Private William E, Meek, left shoulder.
Missing, Captain Samuel A. Spencer.
Missing, Corporal James M. Gasaway.
Missing, Private David M. Hall.
COMPANY "C."
Killed, First Sergeant William F. McCaskey. Killed, Corporal Albert Park. Wounded, Captain William C. Stineback, hands slightly.
Wounded, Private Hensley H. Kirk, thigh. Wounded, Private Joseph JSTeff, left arm. Wounded, Private Morgan Jordou, left hand. Wounded, Private William Means, wrist.
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 91
Wounded, Private Oliver H. Kinnear, both hips.
Wounded, Private James F. McFall, left arm.
Wounded, Private Robert H. Logan, thigh and ankle.
Wounded, Private George L. Wilson, thigh and hand.
Missing, Corporal Simon D. Strang.
Missing, Private William B. Clark.
COMPANY "D."
Missing, Private Oddy Satterthwait, hospital nurse.
COMPANY "E."
Killed, Corporal John Kirts.
Killed, Private Joseph C. Stearns.
Killed, Private Thomas Crayton.
Killed, Private William Pauley.
Killed, Private James I. Taylor.
Wounded, First Lieutenant Lathan C. Almond, leg, slightly.
Wounded, Sergeant Fredrick Brower, leg, slightly.
Wounded, Sergeant Theodore Alley,leg, slightly.
Wounded, Sergeant Henry Wise, leg and shoulder, severely.
Wounded, Corporal Joseph Hunter, leg.
Wounded, Private Gideon Underwood, leg, slightly.
Wounded, Private William Black, leg, slightly.
Wounded, Private Jay Day, breast.
92 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
Wounded, Private William Ford, thigh and shoulder; severe.
Wounded, Private George W. Riley, arm. Wounded, Private James T. Orrell, neck. Wounded, Private Abram Coryell, shoulder. Missing, Private Thomas Luallen.
COMPANY "F."
Killed, Corporal James Russell.
Killed, Private James R. Dearman.
Wounded, Sergeant John P. Harrell, leg slightly.
Wounded, Corporal Alva P. Hart, shoulder; severe.
Wounded, Private Clark McDermott, since died.
Wounded, Private William F. Sears, breast severely.
Wounded, Private Joseph Letts, thigh broken.
Wounded, Private Alvis Moore, flesh wound in side.
Wounded, Private James A. Sanders, head slightly.
Missing, Private James M. Burris.
Missing, Private George Jund.
Missing, Private Emanuel Whisenand.
Missing, Private David A. Foster.
COMPANY "G."
Killed, Private John Wolf.
Wounded, Sergeant James K. Chamberlain, leg broken.
Wounded, Sergeant John Barber, head slightly.
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 93
Wounded, Private Charles L. Danner, right arm.
Wounded, Private Martin Traster, leg severely. Missing, Private Samuel Gordon.
COMPANY "H."
Killed, Private Martin Ault.
Killed, Private Nathan Ayers.
Wounded, Private Isaac Collins, left breast.
Wounded, Private Hiram Souders, left side.
Wounded, Corporal Joseph A. Mcllvain, right thigh ; severely.
Wounded, Private William Franklin, knee slightly.
Wounded, Private William C. Lathrop, mouth slightly.
Wounded, Private Thos. I. Kirk, hand slightly.
Missing, First Lieutenant Jackson Woods, died in Macon prison.
Killed, Sergeant George W. Coffland.
COMPANY "I."
Killed, Private David Stogdell.
Wounded, Second Lieutenant Charles N. Hunter, in leg, slight.
Wounded, Sergeant Andrew Raper, thigh.
Wounded, Corporal Henry Ison, head.
Wounded, Private Simon I. Waldridge, head.
Wounded, Private Nicholas B. Maner, leg and arm.
Wounded, Private Emanuel B. Brown, arm.
94 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
"Wounded, Private Andrew R. Freeman, leg. Wounded, Private Barton I. Ham, breast slightly.
Wounded, Private Robert F. Livingston.
COMPANY "K."
Killed, Captain Harrison McAllister.
Killed, Private John E. Hughes.
Killed, Sergeant George J. Warren.
Wounded, Corporal Samuel M. Chaille, left thigh.
Wounded, Private Thomas II. Hyatt, right leg.
Wounded, Private David L. Jackson, right arm.
Wounded, Private John Johnson, right arm.
Wounded, Private Daniel L. Glenn, right arm.
Wounded, Private William J.McDermott, thigh.
Wounded, Private Levi Redman, back slightly.
Missing, Sergeant Allison A. Rust.
Missing, Private William Thompson.
Total Nunber — Killed, 19; wounded, 67; mis sing, 29. Aggregate, 115.
CHAPTER VI.
SIEGE OF CHATTANOOGA.
In a short time after reaching Chattanooga the army was reorganized. The Eighty-second re mained in the First Brigade of the Third Division of the Fourteenth Army Corps. Our division was commanded by Brigadier General A. Baird. Our brigade was composed of the Eleventh, Seven teenth, Thirty-first, Thirty-sixth, Eighty-ninth, Ninety-second Ohio and Eighty-second Indiana, commanded by Gen. John B. Turchin. For a time our duties consisted of strengthening our works and picket duty. After a while the regi ment was detailed to assist in building a bridge across the Tennessee River near Chattanooga. The rebels concentrated their forces until it was an impossibility to ship rations to the army. The last supply train, consisting of wagons, w^as cap tured and burned by Wheeler's command. From that time on for near one month our rations be come shorter and shorter, until one-fourth rations, become the supply. Feed for the animals gave out, and they died of starvation by the thousands. The beds and tongues of the wagons were eaten by the mules so as to make them useless. On one
96 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
occasion four six-mule teams were sent from the regiment to get wood, starting early in the morn ing. At night two mules and one empty wagon came back to camp, twenty-two mules having died during the day. From day to day, it looked as though there was not much hopes of being able to hold out, yet the men stood it like true patriots without complaining. The head generals were trying to devise some plan by which the siege should be raised or rations furnished the men. The weather was cold. The roads bad and rein forcements unhandy. Finally, General Hooker with the Eleventh and Twelfth Army Crops, were sent to our relief. They were too weak to force their way through the rebel lines, the position held by the rebels being natural strong military points. The question was how to assist them. Finally arrangements were made for Turchin and Hazen's Brigades to make a demonstration on Brown's Ferry to open the way for Hooker's com mand into the valley. Fifty boats, competent to carry twenty-five men each were, fitted out, and started down the river on the night of the 26th of October, loaded with men from Hazen's Brigade, the distance around the river being some nine miles, while across the peninsula less than half the distance. About daybreak on the morning of the 27th the boats commenced landing, surprising the pickets. Soon the boats had discharged the men and were hurried over to the opposite side to take over Turchin's men, who had crossed the river at
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 97
Chattanooga and marched across the bend to the opposite side of the ferry from where the rebels were doing picket duty, and waiting for the boats to make their appearance. Turchin was to carry the ridge on the right of the ferry and Hazen the left. The Eighty-second was in the first boats that carried Turchin's men over, soon landed and charged up forcing the enemy off the ridge. There were several men wounded in our brigade, but none killed. In a short time after crossing Ave had things in good shape to hold it against great odds. The pontoon train was on hands and in a few hours there was a bridge completed. During the whole time the men were constructing the bridge the enemy kept up a continuous artillery fire from Lookout Mountain, but without any great disturb ance, although the shells threwr water pretty lively around the bridge. During that night Hooker's men had quite a battle for the small force engaged, and succeeded in driving the enemy from their front and passed their train of supplies down and across the bridge prepared at Brown's Ferry. Soon the men had the pleasure of trying a tussel with a full ration and enjoying the pleasure of a con tented stomach. Notwithstanding it is said in his tory that the " Sixth Indiana was the only Indiana regiment" in this great and glorious undertaking, yet it is not true. For I know the Eighty-second took a part in it, as I was there in person. As the author of the history mentioned was not there, of •course he is excusable for making this mistake, as
98 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
he was getting his authority from imagination. He says further that "Turchin's Brigade was com posed of the Eleventh, Thirty-sixth, Eighty-ninth and Ninety-second Ohio," and " Colonel Baldwin's eld brigade, composed of the Sixth Indiana, Fifth Kentucky, First and Ninety-third Ohio. But for this expedition General Hazen took command of our brigade." Turchin's Brigade was composed of the Eleventh, Seventeenth, Thirty-first, Thirty- sixth, Eighty-ninth, Ninety-second Ohio and Eighty-second Indiana (instead of Baldwin's old Brigade). General Hazen's Brigade was composed of the First, Sixth, Forty -first. Ninety-third and One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio, Fifth, Sixth, and Twenty-third Kentucky, and Sixth Indiana, which shows very plainly that two Indiana regiments took a part in "this hazardous task." While the Sixth's historian did not appear to know the forma tion of his own brigade, or who was its com mander, it is not supposed he knew what regi ments composed Turchin's Brigade. After remain ing in position a few days until Hooker made disposition of his troops, we were again moved back to our old camp near Chattanooga. We were kept busy watching the movements of the rebels and doing picket duty. The picket per formance had assumed the appearance of going to battle much more than guarding. We took our turn about every third day with our brigade. The brigade commander having to go out and command the movements the same as on the
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 99
line of battle; and often had a severe battle by trying to take some point held by the rebels, or to prevent them from taking the position we were holding. While laying in position in the works surrounding Chattanooga, forage for stock became a thing impossible to obtain. Colonel Hunter having a cow, and wishing to save her, had his darkey, who attended his horses, to look after her. He would lead her out and hold her while grazing. One evening he came back to camp with the rope he used for leading and grazing with, but no cow. His eyes protruded until they looked like you could have knocked them off with a club. Colonel Hunter said, "Anderson, where is the cow ? " His reply was, " she's gone Colonel ; I guess I went to sleep holding the end of the rope, when I waked up the cow was gone, but I had the rope in -my hand and the cow's hide was at the other end tied by the horns, but I don't know who took her away." Of course the Colonel felt bad about the loss of his cow, as he was a great lover of milk. Yet he said nothing, as he felt so badly about the men having so little to eat. While we remained in siege Colonel Hunter got a few ears of corn, had them parched and sent an order to all the officers of the regiment to report at his headquarters im mediately. After they all reported in came the Colonel with the corn and divided it among them, saying, " this is my treat." I never witnessed so much sport over parched corn in my life, and must say it tasted extra well. The rebels planted
100 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
artillery on nearly all the eminences that they could reach our camps from, and amused them selves throwing shells into our camps. I never heard of any one being hurt with the missiles, except where they found them laying around, not having bursted. Major Slocum of my regiment found a 32-pounder and carried it into camp, and Sergeant-Major Morris (later Lieutenant) was fool ing with the shell. Four darkies were setting round a fire warming. Major Slocum said, " Joe, kill yourself four or five niggers." Joe made a motion with the shell toward the fire when it slipped from his hands, hitting the ground and rolling toward the fire (Joe was down on his hands and knees after it when it reached the fire), exploded, wounding all four of the darkies, one piece passing through my tent and killing one man in the Thirty-eighth Ohio, and only scratch ing Joe in one place on the face. The cause of its explosion so quickly, the tap in the conical end had been removed and the powder emptied out, but the fulminating coat around the inside surface of the shell ignited as soon as it came in contact with the fire.
The battery on Lookout Mountain was very annoying until we located two batteries on Moc casin Point and made it too hot for the Johnies. The rebels thought time would force us to sur render or starve to death. They appeared more anxious for either of these terms than to attack and try whipping us into subjection. The memory
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 101
of Chickamauga was yet fresh in their minds. No doubt they looked down on us from their prominent points and exultingly said, "when we get you starved then we can whip you." Gen eral Grant came to us and assumed command. General Sherman, with the Fifteenth and Seven teenth Corps, came to our assistance. The troops of our own army were gathered in ; Chattanooga became the scene of activity, every preparation being made to hurl the rebel crew from the com manding heights, and show them that no differ ence how strong the position of nature, nor how well defended by rebels, there was no chance to stand before the Army of the Cumberland when turned loose against anything like even numbers. The army had been having plenty to eat for about one month, was in excellent health and of the highest spirits, and anxiously awaiting an oppor tunity to show the rebs they were neither starved or conquered.
Chattanooga is surrounded with natural scenes of great beauty. Mountains and hills far and near, beautiful valleys and winding streams. To the south-west rises cloud-capped Lookout Mountain ; to the north, Waldon's Ridge wears the celestial armor as far to right and left as vision can dis cern ; to the west, Raccoon Mountain appears as an ethereal messenger, extending to the south-west on a parallel line with Lookout: Mission Ridge to the east, with undulating summit, stands appar ently as a guard for the craggy crests far in its
102 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
rear. To the east, the south and the north-east, are the beautiful valleys, made more grand by the beautiful surroundings. When one looks upon the grandeur and beauties that surround Chattanooga would they for a moment wonder why the Grand Architect of the Universe was fraught with ven geance and dealt so heavily with our country's traitors for trying to desecrate His grand and beautiful works ?
GEN. SLOCUM.
CHAPTER VII.
BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE, ETC.
At 2 o'clock P. M. of Monday, November 23, 1863, the Third Division of the Fourteenth Corps, of which the Eighty-second formed a part, moved out in front of Fort Negley and took position near the rebel picket line. This was done to give ap pearance of an attack on the front line on Mission ary Ridge to keep the enemy from removing troops to their right and left flanks, where every prepara tion was being made for attack. General Sherman on their right and Hooker on the left. We re mained in position until Wednesday the twenty- fifth, Hooker's forces having stormed and taken Lookout Mountain, and Sherman having crossed his troops over the Tennessee River some six miles above Chattanooga and attacked the enemy's right flank. Our division was moved to the left to as sist him as his attack had proved a failure. On our arrival, there being no room for more troops, General Baird received orders to move back to the right to assist in storming the front of the ridge. We took position about midway between Fort Wood and the ridge. We had scarcely reached
(8)
106 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
our position before the whole line of the Cumber land Army moved forward on a grand charge on the works at the foot of the ridge. Our brigade was formed in two lines. The Eleventh, Thirty- sixth and Ninety-second Ohio, forming the front line. The Seventeenth, Thirty-first, Eighty-ninth Ohio and Eighty-second Indiana the rear line. The Eighty-second Indiana and Eighty-ninth Ohio acting as one regiment, under command of Colonel Hunter. We were about one and a quarter miles from the foot of the ridge. We received orders to fix bayonets and away we went. The enemy soon opened a most terrific artillery fire from the ridge, yet it did but little injury as we advanced so rapidly that they could not get proper range upon us, the missiles falling behind us tearing up the earth in great shape. On our arrival at the foot of the ridge we came upon a line of works which was held by a strong force of the enemy. But such was the impetuosity of our charge that they gave way abandoning their works and fled up the hill for safety. On our arrival at the works our men were almost worried out. Here fire from the rebels' guns was severe, and told with won derful effect as we were now in full range of their muskets, yet, notwithstanding the exhaustion of the men, the severity of their fire and the steep ness of the hill, our brave boys of the different regiments advanced steadily and firmly until at length the breastworks on the top of the ridge were reached, when Sergeant John D. Willson,
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 107
who carried our colors, was at the front, crossed the rebel works amid the cheers of the true and "brave boys of the First Brigade, who followed. Sergeant "Willson was never known to let any man be ahead of his colors in a charge if his position was such as to prevent it. No regiment had an organization. Those who could travel fastest were at the front and the sergeant was one of the first to enter the works on this occasion. The en emy gave back in great confusion before our ad vancing column, and in a few moments the ridge with its artillery and many of its garrison was ours. It was a sight to look over the opposite side of the ridge and see the Johnnies trying their speed to the rear without any order. A regular skedadle 4i Every man for himself and the devil take the hindmost." Night soon overtook us and put a stop to our following the enemy and making a more complete success of our victory. If we could have had the day before us, there would not have been much left of that army of rebels to fight us -soon again. The Eighty-second had four men killed and sixteen wounded. The Eighty-ninth Ohio had four men killed and fourteen wounded. We were proud of the Eighty-ninth ; they were a good regiment and always did their duty gallantly and cheerfully. Our brigade was all Ohioans ex cept our own, the Eighty-second Indiana. His tory will bear me out in saying the First Brigade of the Third Division of the Fourteenth Corps
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was equal to any brigade in the army for both dis cipline and courage. We moved back off the ridge and encamped for the night, giving Wood's Di vision an opportunity to gather all the artillery we had captured in our front and claim it as their cap ture. If my regiment, brigade, division or corps would stoop to claim work done by others I would feel heartily ashamed of them, and as their histo rian, would feel ashamed to claim the honors for them, I intend to confine myself to the truth as I understand it, and let others judge the work of the regiment of which I write.
On the morning of November 26 our brigade made a reconuoisance as far as the Chickamauga River without coming up with the rear of the en emy, and in the afternoon marched in the direc tion of Ringgold, Ga. On Friday morning, the 27th, we reached that place and joined the other divisions of our corps. We remained at Ring- gold without performing any unusual duties until Sunday, the 29th, when we returned to Chatta nooga. General Grant decided to not follow the enemy further than Ringgold, but made arrange ments for sending reinforcements to relieve Gen eral Burnside at Knoxville. We remained in Chattanooga, doing usual army duty, until the 22d of February, 1864, when we received orders to move on the enemy at Dalton, thus causing them to draw back the troops sent to Mississippi for the purpose of assisting in preventing General Sherman's army from making a raid through
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 109
the State. The Seventeenth and Thirty-first Ohio regiments had gone home on veteran fur lough. This left our brigade only four regi ments, the Eleventh, Eighty-ninth and Ninety- second Ohio, and the the Eighty-second Indiana, the Thirty-sixth Ohio having been taken from us. Ou the morning of the 22d of February our divis ion started from Chattanooga, the morning clear .and nice. I looked along the road ; saw the colors of many regiments floating in the morning breeze ; listened to music from brass and martial bands, knowing it was the birthday of the noble Wash ington, the father of our country. My mind wan dered to the gallant deeds of our forefathers, who had suffered through years of toil and privations to save this great country from the hands of des potic rulers. Then the change coming on to re mind me that on the birth day of the man whose memory was so dear to the true patriots of our •country, that it was established by law as a national holiday. "We were called upon to go forth to meet in deadly conflict the descendants of many who had given their lives and health for the establishment of a government which had been transmitted to them unimpaired through many years which were passed and gone. My mind be came so deeply engrossed in thought as to make me entirely forget where I was, or in what duty engaged, when General Turchin rode up and re quested me to furnish him with some smoking tobacco, he having left camp without replenishing
110 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
his tobacco sack. This woke me up as from a dream, and brought to realization that we were moving in quest of our country's traitors. We reached Binggold that evening and encamped for the night. On the morning of the 23d we moved out through Ringgold Gap toward Tunnel Hill, driving the enemy's pickets as we advanced. We moved to Tunnel Hill, meeting more of the en emy. Here the forces divided, a part going to Buzzard Roost Gap and the other part taking to the left down along Rocky Face Ridge, the divis ion to which the Eighty-second belonged being in this movement to the left. Not long after di viding the forces we bivouacked for the night. On the 24th we moved out in the morning, skirmish ing with the enemy's advance guard. Our regi ment was moving by Turchin's favorite move ment — double column in eight ranks, (which throws the colors in front and the right and left flanks to the rear) — when we run into a masked battery, which dropped a shell into the regiment, wounding three or four men. The batallion was forwarded double-quick into a ravine which the road crossed, and deployed into line of battle. Here we received an order to move to the right up this ravine and join the left of the Eighty- ninth Ohio. Lt. Colonel Slocum was in command of the regiment, Colonel Hunter being at Nash ville as president of a court martial. He moved the regiment and connected with the Eighty-ninth. We received an order from a soldier carrying a
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Ill
gun for Colonel Slocum to take command of the two regiments and at a signal from our battery to charge down the hill and drive the enemy from the ravine and take the hill in our front. The order, coming as it did, Colonel Slocum failed to obey. Then one of General Turchin's orderlies came up and gave the same order, when we again failed to obey. Finally one of Turchin's staff came and de livered the order, and, at the signal, the two regi ments having bayonets fixed, charged down and drove the enemy back until half way up the ridge. Captain Whedon, of the Eighty-second, with his company ("A") was on the skirmish line, having concentrated his men on the right flank of the Eighty-ninth Ohio, found, as the line advanced, it became more extended to the left and exposed the right flank in such a manner as to endanger the whole line. Word was sent to General Turchin notifying him of our trouble. He came up with the Eleventh and Ninety-second Ohio regiments putting them on our right. The Eleventh deployed in line of battle, the Ninety-second in support, and away we went again. The Eleventh met with too much resistance and gave back to a ravine which they had passed over and reformed (the enemy were following them) and charged the enemy again driving them back in great confusion. This, relieved our flank and we carried the ridge. The men were so elated there was no holding them; they followed the enemy down into the ravine and up another hill. When we raised the top of the,
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hill the enemy was laying four lines deep and poured a galling fire into our ranks, making it so hot that we were compelled to fall back to the first hill. Here we threw up works of logs, rocks, rails or anything that would turn bullets.
During the charge the Eighty second lost some thirty men wounded. Sergeant John D. Wilson, color bearer, fell severely wounded. One of the color guards took the colors and was soon wounded ; another guard took them and soon fell ; the fourth guard took the colors and brought it oft the field. Lieutenant-Colonel Paul E. Slocum, a brave and noble officer, fell mortally wounded, dying in three or four days. The gallant Eighty- ninth Ohio lost many men; the Eleventh lost con siderable ; the Ninety second sustained some loss, but not so heavy as the advance regiments. Major Jolly, of the Eighty-ninth Ohio, took command of the two regiments. Captain W. C. Stineback took command of the Eighty-second. None of our killed or wounded fell into the enemy's hands. We held this position until eleven o'clock that night. The woods between us and the enemy were on fire, making it so light that it was impossible to get in front of our works without being shot at. At eleven o'clock p. M. we received an order to move back off the ridge, making as little noise as possible! We retraced our march back to where we left the main road at Tunnel Hill, leaving a force there to guard against the approach of the enemy. Our division went out to Buzzard Roost
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 113
to assist the troops there in withdrawing. The troops all moved back to Ringgold without the enemy doing any harm. The Third Division of the Fourteenth Corps, General Baird commanding, of which the Eighty-second formed a part, re mained at Ringgold, it being a very important point in regard to a movement on Atlanta. Our picket line extending beyond the gap, which was a very strong position to overcome when properly defended. The enemy made several desperate at tempts to dislodge our forces who were guarding it. Colonel Hunter, of the Eighty-second, was grand officer of the day, and during the night of his command the enemy made a desperate attempt to carry the picket line. They drove the pickets in on the reserve. Colonel Hunter being present took charge of the forces, and after a hard battle routed the attacking party, killing and capturing over one hundred and fifty men, one colonel among the number. While laying here our duties were very exacting, as we expected any hour, day or night, to be called into action. Company and regimental drill was kept up daily as long as we remained in this position. Every preparation was being made for an advance on Atlanta and all the men were anxious for the order for a for ward movement, as there was more responsibility felt while laying within a few miles of the bulk of the enemy than taking their chances along with our whole army. The men of our brigade had learned to love their brigade commander, General
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Turchin, and their division commander, General Baird, having full confidence in their ability to take proper care of them, and knowing they were brave and careful men who would not sacrifice them to make a star for themselves. During our stay at this point, some time in March, a snow six inches deep fell, and two Ohio regiments formed in line of battle some distance apart facing each other, and opened a snowball battle. It was real exciting to see them charge and counter charge, and finally commence capturing their enemy and carry them to the rear. The men became as earnest in the battle as though it was an actual enemy confronting them. There was much blood spilled — principally from noses — and all appeared to enjoy it very much. While here the officer in charge of the Indiana Sanitary Commission stationed at Chattanooga sent a lot of potatoes in barrels to my care to be divided among the Indiana regi ments. I went around and notified all the regi ments to call and get their share. One of the regiments was all ready to start for home on veteran furlough, and did not want their share. Knowing the amount would be hard to divide and not wish- iug to make the rounds again to notify them to come and get their share, I done what I thought best, L e., issued them to the Eighty-second; then wrote the Captain that I had three barrels left on my hands, and if not receiving word from him by a certain time would issue them to suit myself, being extremely careful to set the time so as I knew
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he could not get me word by letter. The Captain wrote me how to issue them. I answered him how they had been issued. In a few days received a letter giving me a good setting up. If the amount had been ample for division among the several regiments they would have been so divided, but being so few I felt my first duty was the Eighty- second's welfare, and thus it was done.
CHAPTER VIII.
ATLANTA CAMPAIGN.
On the 7th day of May, 1864, our brigade, com posed as follows, viz.: Eleventh, Seventeenth, Thirty-first, Eighty-ninth and Ninety-second Ohio ; Nineteenth and Twenty-fourth Illinois, and the Eighty-second Indiana, being the First Brigade (commanded by General Turchin) of the Third Di vision (commanded by General Baird) of the Four- teeenth Corps, commanded by General Palmer (the Thirty-sixth Ohio being removed from our brigade), started on the Atlanta campaign. Mov ing as far as Tunnel Hill we encamped for the night. On the morning of the 8th our whole di vision moved south three miles on the Villanow road, so as to form connection with the Twentieth Corps (Major General Hooker commanding) and at the same time to cover the right flank of Brigadier-General Johnson's Division, which was swinging forward onto the south end of Tunnel Hill Ridge. In the afternoon we crossed that ridge and moved up in support of Generals Johnson's and Davis' Divisions in front of Buzzard Roost Gap, and went into camp for the night. The 9th, 10th and llth, remained in position. On the 12th, our
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 117
division in advance, moved at day-break toward the right, to the support of General McPherson, who had passed through Snake Creek Gap, and taken position in Sugar Valley, threatening Re- sacca. On the morning of the 14th, at daylight, our division swung forward and joined General Johnson, then pushed forward until we struck the enemy, Captain Whedon, with companies A and B of the Eighty-second, covering our front as skirmishers. In our advance we had to pass over a hill and through dense undergrowth, which en tirely obscured from view the rebel works until we reached the brow of the hill. From there they could be plainly seen. General Juda's Brigade was on our left, and in moving through the thicket they became detached from our left and obliqued to the right and came out covering a part of our front. They met with a most murderous fire from the enemy. When his first line reached a small ravine about 100 yards from the rebel works they stopped and took shelter in it. The second line being now badly exposed, advanced rapidly and took shelter in the same ravine. Our brigade still advanced to the foot of the hill. There being no room for any more men in the ravine we took po sition behind a rail fence, having no orders to fall back. The range was so short the enemy's shells knocked the fence into kindling wood. We were ordered back to the top of the hill, took position and threw up works. The Eighty-second lost in killed and wounded twenty-three officers arid men.
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Lieut. John W. Walker, of Company I, was killed. A brave and gallant officer, loved by all, was taken from us at a time we most needed him. Here I received a severe wound in the head and was left on the field until I came too enough to get back to the rear. Yet the Eighty-second went on doing every duty assigned it. I am indebted to Colonel Hunter and the reports of Generals Baird and Tur- chin for this part of my history, from May 14, 1864, to the 2d day of July, 1864, when I again returned to my regiment for duty. On the 15th the regi ment moved with the brigade farther to the right, and took position on the line. So tightly were the lines being drawn around the enemy that dur ing the night they evacuated their works and re treated. On the 16th the Eleventh Ohio was detached and soon mustered out, their time having expired. The balance of our brigade moved in pursuit of the enemy, but had to encamp at Re- sacca on account of the bridge across the river at that point being destroyed. On the 17th we moved forward in hot pursuit, skirmishing and forming line of attack or to receive one from the enemy, bivouacking wherever night overtook us, until the 24th, at which time we were some ten miles beyond the Etowah River. On the 22d the Twenty- fourth Illinois was detached and mustered out, its time having expired. On the 24th our brigade was de tailed to guard a train, which we continued to do until June 11, when we again joined our division. On the 9th of June the Nineteenth Illinois was
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 119
relieved from duty to be mustered out, its time having expired. On the llth we again moved on the enemy, who was in a strong fortified position, some five miles from Kennesaw Mountain. They soon gave way and we continued to drive them from one position to another until the 18th, when they again occupied strong works. Here the Eighty-second fortified in a very exposed and dan gerous position. But such was our extreme care that we had but one man wounded, to wit : Private John Linen weber, of Company G. When once fixed we made the rebel works so uncomfortable that they were compelled to abandon them under cover of the night. On the 19th we pressed them until they entered strong works previously pre pared, at Kennesaw Mountain, where they again made a stubborn resistance. Here for twelve days we were exposed to a heavy fire from shell and musketry. We fortified with such care that we were protected from direct shots, and only suffered from stray shots as we passed from one point to another in rear of our works. Lieut. Joe Morris was on top the works during this time while the enemy was shelling us. He would say, " Look out, boys ; here comes another darned scalp seeker." He kept this up until a twelve pound shell made straight for him, and as he threw him self forward to get out of its way he said, " Here I come.'' He was a little late, as it stripped his blouse clean from his back. The Lieutenant con cluded after that if the boys wanted to know when
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to dodge they could find out for themselves. While here our loss was five in killed and wounded. July 2d, in the evening, I again arrived at regi mental headquarters for duty, and went into the Colonel's tent to see him. General Baird and an other officer or two were in talking with him. After shaking hands all round, I went out to visit all the boys. I hadn't got very far from the tent until a shell passed through it, shocking all who were in but not seriously injuring any one. The shell not bursting it went into the ground and was dug out by the men, being six feet from the sur face. On the night of the 3d the enemy again gave way, and on the morning of the 4th we fol lowed them so close they made a stand about four miles below Marietta. The army was formed for battle and moved on the enemy, when they gave away. Orders reached us to go into camp to spend the 4th ; we passed a nice day, having received a good mail soon after going into camp. On the 5th we started again in hot pursuit and drove the enemy to their strong line of works at the Chat- tahoochee river. Continuous skirmishing was kept up until the 9th, when we pressed them so hard that when night came on they retreated across the river and destroyed the bridge. Sergeant George King, of Co. A, was killed and private Bar- ringer, Co. B, wounded; two good soldiers knocked "out, one for all time to come. Sergeant King was a most gallant soldier and would have made a gallant officer that any regiment would
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have been proud of. Brave, cool and always ready to meet the enemy. The crossing for miles up and down the Chattahoochee river were heavily guarded by the enemy, and preperations had to be made to form a crossing. We remained in posi tion doing picket duty and taking a rest, prepara tory to dealing the fatal blow for the capture of Atlanta. On the 17th General Turchin left us on a leave of absence, being sick. Here the Twenty- third Missouri regiment was assigned to our brig ade. Colonel Moses B. Walker, of the Thirty- first Ohio, took command of our brigade, he being the ranking Colonel in the brigade. The pontoon bridge being completed at Pace's Ferry on the evening of the 17th, we crossed and moved out some distance and bivouacked for the night. On the 18th our whole corps advanced, passing Nancy's Creek at Kyle's Ferry, with our advance at HowelPs Mill on Peach Tree Creek, bivouacked for the night. The most of the 19th was spent in reconnoitering the creek for crossings, the bridges being burned and the stream being very deep. The passage was very difficult, as the enemy was guarding it to prevent our crossing. General Davis' Division, being on our right, had effected a crossing, but met with such strong resistance his left brigade was forced back over the creek. Our brigade was ordered to furnish him support. The Eighty-ninth Ohio and Eighty-second Indiana passed along the creek until arriving at Davis' left flank. The creek was deep, the banks
(9)
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steep and muddy. The Eighty-ninth took to the water, crossing with a rush, the Eighty- second following at their heels as support. As soon as reaching the bank the Eighty-ninth de ployed as skirmishers, the Eighty-second follow ing in line of battle, the enemy falling back in disorder. Having moved out sufficient to protect Davis' flank we halted and threw up fortifications, where we remained during the night. Our move ment relieved Davis' flank, and his brigade re- crossed the creek and drove the enemy from their front, and built a good line of works that the enemy failed to attack. I quote from Colonel Walker's report in Series 1, Volume 38, Official Records War of the Rebellion, page 761 :
" Was ordered to advance one regiment to the support of General Davis' left ; ordered the Eigh ty-ninth Ohio, under command of Colonel Carl- ton, to this duty; sent the Eighty second Indiana in support of the Eighty-ninth Ohio, under Colonel Hunter. I would fail in my duty were I not to mention the gallant conduct of these two regi ments. The enemy had a strong line of skirmish ers posted on the opposite side of the stream well protected by rifle pits and heavy timber which skirted the open field on the opposite bank of the stream, and commanded every approach to the ford. The crossing, from the depth of the water, uneven bottom and muddy banks, was difficult. Colonel Hunter, ever prompt to obey an order and discharge a duty, had hastened the march of his
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regiment, so that the head of his column reached the ford before Colonel Carlton's left was over. Both regiments bounded through the stream (which struck the men at the waist) with an alac rity and energy truly surprising. Instantly on reaching the opposite bank Colonel Carlton de ployed his regiment, charged and drove the en emy from his rifle pits, Colonel Hunter moving close in support." On the 20th we pressed for ward gradually under a heavy fire from the en emy. On the 21st we move again, meeting with heavier resistance, yet driving the enemy from one line of works to another. On the 22d we march toward Atlanta; met the enemy about two and a half miles from the city ; formed line of battle in front of the enemy's works under a sharp fire of artillery and musketry. Remained in position from the 23d to the 31st, inclusive, skirmishing with the enemy, much of the time exposed to an annoying artillery fire.
I again quote from Colonel Walker's same re port, page 762: "During the time we were in this position two of my regiments, the Twenty- third Missouri and the Eighty-second Indiana, de serve honorable mention for having each driven the enemy from an advanced position, captured, held and fortified the same." My regiment had two men seriously wounded on this occasion. August 1st and 2d remained in position. Early on the morning of the 3d marched to the right of the Army of the Tennessee. Late in the afternoon
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crossed Utoy Creek under a heavy artillery fire,, and advanced about three-quarters of a mile upon the enemy, driving back his skirmishers and taking position about 250 yards in front of the enemy's works, sometime after dark. The night was very dark and rain fell in quantity, yet when morning came we had works in our front that we had no fears of the enemy taking.
I again quote from Colonel Walker's same re port, page 762 :
"On the 4th sent the Eighty-second Indianar Eighty-ninth Ohio and Twenty-third Missouri, under Colonel Hunter, to support the Second Brigade in a reconnoissance ; took the enemy's rifle-pits and captured about thirty prisoners."
On the 5th advanced our skirmish line and again took the enemy's rifle-pits, captured fifty- six prisoners out of the works ; took up an ad vanced position, posting the Seventeenth Ohio and Twenty-third Missouri on the right of the Second Brigade; Thirty-first, Eighty- ninth and Ninety- second Ohio and Eighty-second Indiana on the left of the Third Brigade; advanced our lines a third time to within two hundred yards of the enemy's main line. This position has been a very trying one, and our losses in gaining and holding will be sure to be heavier than in any of our former operations except Resacca. I again quote from Colonel Walker's second report, page 763 :
" On the 7th of August the brigade remained in its old position on the hills southeast of Utoy
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Oreek, holding our advanced lines on the left of the division as well as the right, having four regi ments, the Thirty-first, Eighty- ninth and Xinety- second Ohio and Eignty- second Indiana on the left, and the Seventeenth Ohio and the Twenty- third Missouri on the right. On the 7th I pressed forward my line to a new position about two hun- hred yards from the enemy's works; took up and fortified a line from which we held the enemy close within his lines, compelling him to keep his men constantly covered behind his works. One hundred men of the Eighty-second Indiana were sent for ward to fight for the new position, whilst the main line was advanced and the position fortified. Almost one-fourth of this gallant little band — twenty-two — were killed or wounded during the day." This gallant little band was commanded by Second-Lieutenants Michael E. Bunger, Co. F, Joseph K. Mcllhany, Co. D, and Elisha J. Rob inson, Co. B. Major Jolly, of the Eighty-ninth Ohio, being officer of the day, was in charge. They carried the rifle-pits three times before they were able to hold them. The Fourth Kentucky on the right, and Eighteenth Regulars on the left, failed to carry their front. All the enemy in the pits in front of the Eighty-second boys were captured. The second charge the Eighteenth Regulars again failed, which caused our men to have to fall back, bringing more prisoners. The third charge was successful and the rifle-pits held with a large num ber of prisoners sent to the rear. After night the
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enemy attacked our pickets, and the left wing of the Thirty-first Ohio commenced firing and made it so hot for the Eighty-second boys on picket that they left their line and crawled up under the Thirty-first's works and caused them to cease fir ing. The men went hack to their places, except Lieutenant Bunger ; he failed to come to the rear. After the Thirty-first and the enemy had ceased firing the place was so dark the Lieutenant at tempting to reach our lines traveled in the wrong direction and found himself so close to the enemy's line that he concluded he was sure to be captured. Not wishing the enemy to have his sword and watch he hid them under a log, thinking he might, perhaps, some day get them again. He remained quiet until day began to break, made his reckon ings for our lines and crawled on his hands and knees quietly until he seen our pickets, then raised and took to his heels running, the Johnnies giving him a good-bye salute as he ran. By the merest good luck he escaped uninjured.
I have not seen the Lieutenant for twenty-seven years. If he ever got his sword or watch I have never heard of it. These three young Lieuten ants were exceedingly smart officers, and as brave as the bravest, while Major Jolly, who com manded, had no superior in the army for bravery and zeal in executing all orders. On the 9th of August, Ordnance Sergeant Edward E. Sluss was engaged in taking up the arms and accoutrements of the men killed and wounded on the 7th, when he
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received a flesh wound through the calf of one of his legs. He was sent to the hospital at Nashville, and his father came to see him. As he would not do for duty for some time his father succeeded in get ting a furlough for him to return home. The ev ening before he was to start home he wrote me a letter, telling me of his father's presence and how delighted he was to think he would soon he per mitted to meet his good and noble-hearted mother and the little sisters and brothers. I felt much pleased in knowing he was permitted to return home. He was a noble young man and a bosom friend of mine. I expected a letter from him on his arrival home but it never came. I received notice of his death, occurring the same night he had written me. Had the news of the death of one of my own family reached me I could not have felt any worse.
On the morning of the llth our brigade moved to the right, and relieved a portion of General Morgan's Division. This position we held until the night of the 26th. On the morning of the 19th, before daylight, our brigade moved out of our works on the Sandtown road about one-half mile, and took up a position in readiness to sup port the troops on our right if necessary ; remained until night and returned to our works. On the 20th we made a movement as far as Wallace's place for the same purpose; reported to General Davis ; relieved General Morgan's Division, which went forward on a reconnoissance as far as the
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Atlanta & Montgomery railroad. At 5 P. M. we were relieved and reported back to our position. From the 20th to midnight of the 26th we re mained in our. works, being constantly annoyed, but not seriously hurt, by the enemy's artillery and sharpshooters, a man being occasionally hit. At 1 o'clock A. M. the 27th we quit our old works under a heavy fire from the enemy's artillery and moved about one mile upon the Sandtown road. Here we halted and formed line of battle, front to rear, to cover the movements of our trains. The Thirty-seventh Indiana boys will remember this, as we relieved their division, and they moved off to our rear. The enemy were in full view. I spoke to Colonel Ward, of the Thirty-seventh, and he said we were sure to get into battle. As the trains advanced we fell back, forming line of battle upon three successive positions to cover and protect our trains. The enemy made a very feeble advance, feeling our skirmish line very cautiously. The trains being safely guarded to a place of safety within our new lines, we moved as far as Wallace's house. At 5 P. M. we were ordered to report to General Davis ; by his order advanced as far as the Widow Holbrook's place, and camped for the night in a position to protect the trains then parked near Patterson's. On the 28th marched by a cross-road to Mount Gillead church, remained with the train until 10 A. M. ; were then ordered by General Thomas to report to our division com mander; marched with the division until near
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night, when we crossed the Atlanta & Montgom ery Railroad ; took a position about three-fourths of a mile from Red Oak Station ; remained in po sition on the 29th. On the 30th we marched, at 6 A. M., by Shoal Creek church ; met the enemy's cavalry, skirmished with it about one mile, killing one and capturing two of them ; took a strong position. On the 31st the enemy's train was seen at a distance passing toward Rough and Ready on the Jonesborough road. General Baird ordered the Seventh Indiana Battery (Captain Morgan) to open on the train, which he did, causing much dis order among the wagons, and driving them from the road. In the meantime our brigade and Col onel Mitchel's Brigade, of General Carlin's Divis ion, moved forward under command of General Baird ; moved as far as Rough and Ready and Jonesborough road, meeting no enemy. We forti fied to hold the position. The Atlanta & Ma- con Railroad now being about two and one- half miles to the front, General Baird ordered two regiments to go and if possible to cut it. The Eighty-ninth Ohio with one hundred men from the Seventeenth Ohio was detailed from our brigade, and the Seventy-fourth Indiana from the Second Brigade. They went out and destroyed some of it. The enemy's cavalry came up in such quantity that the force fell back and sent in a report of their situation. General Baird ordered two more regiments sent to their assistance. The Eighty- second Indiana and Thirty -first Ohio, under Colonel
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Hunter, was ordered out. Colonel Hunter being the ranking officer, now assumed command of the whole force. We marched upon the railroad, driv ing back the enemy's cavalry, capturing a few; the four regiments formed a hollow square and fortified. The Eighty-second built its works on the railroad track. During the night a train came from Atlanta, but being notified by the cavalry that the road was occupied by troops, it returned back to Atlanta. We held our position until morn ing having torn up considerable of the railroad. On the morning of September 1st we were ordered back from the railroad and moved off on the Jonesborough road. On arriving at a creek, two miles north of Jonesborough, we moved in on the left of Carlin's Division. Our whole division turned to the left, leaving the high road to march toward our position. As the head of our column passed the creek one of the staff" officers, who had been sent out in advance, came up with orders from Genera] Davis. He directed our division to take position in rear of an interral between Generals Morgan's and Carlin's Divisions, through which he was fearful the enemy would attempt to pass, and the point on which it was desired we should form was pointed out. Before this order could be exe cuted we received another, directing our division to form on General Carlin's left and prolong his line. The engagement now became general. Our brigade being in reserve was not actively engaged, yet we were so close on the front line that it was
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about as dangerous. Dirt, rock, slivers of rail and bushes, together with the grape and canister, as well as the minnie balls, filled the air with the most deafening noise. The battle was short, but furious. The Fourteenth Corps carried the rebel works the full length of their line, capturing many prisoners. Dark overtook the army and the enemy succeeded in withdrawing under its protection. Had there been a few hours of daylight, and the Fourth Corps had more time to make its right wheel, the chances are the whole rebel army here would have been captured, unless they had been able to cut their way through our lines, which was hardly probable, as our lines were extremely heavy, the line growing smaller as they concentrated around the enemy's works. September 2d the enemy having evacuated Jonesborough during the night and fallen back on the Macon road, our army pressed after them. September 3d it was announced that Atlanta had been evacuated. Our campaign was at an end. Commencing this campaign with out transportation, and with supplies sufficient for only six weeks, and compeling them to last for four months, often the whole army was compelled to lay in the mud and rain for days without shelter, and wholly unable to preserve the ordinary cleanliness which is essential to health, and many have broken down for want of proper food. During the greater part of the time our men laid constantly under the enemies fire liable at any moment to be picked off, whilst the sound, not of distant artillery
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and musketry, but of the closely whistling bullet and bursting shell was seldom out of their ears. Our losses in the slow operations of the rifle-pit, the picket line, during daily and nightly skirm ishes, as well as in the many battles, although dis tributed over a great length of time, yet equal in the aggregate the casualties of great battles. The following report exhibits the total loss of our bri gade in killed and wounded : " Commissioned officers killed, 7 ; wounded, 15. Enlisted men killed, 55 ; wounded, 277. Missing, 2. Total offi cers, 22; total men, 334; aggregate 356. The Third Division (of which the Eighty-second formed a part), during the four months captured 908 men, including 61 officers ; 147 of these desired to be sent to the rear and classed as deserters." Our command returned to Atlanta and went into camp near u White Hall," Colonel M. B. Walker, our brigade commander leaving us. Colonel Morton C. Hunter, of the Eighty-second Indiana, being the ranking Colonel in the brigade, took command of the brigade. On the 15th day of September I was detailed as Acting-Assistant- Adjutant-General of the brigade to succeed Cap tain Curtis, whose resignation had beed accepted. We were not left idle very long. Hood threw the rebel army in our rear. The Twentieth Corps was left at the Chattahoochee River as a guard for our supplies, while the balance of the army followed Hood and his army until they retreated into Ala bama. Then the Fourth and, Twenty-third Corps,
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under the command of our time-tested, gallant commander, " Old Pap Thomas," was left to look after Hood, while the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Sev enteenth and Twentieth Army Corps, under Gen eral Sherman, made their arrangements for a trip to the sea. During our chase after Hood the day for the election for President of the United States took place. The voting was done during the halt for dinner. While the Indiana boys were allowed a hand in all that took place before this and all that took place afterward, on this occasion they stood off like poor devils that had no voice in sav ing their country, being the only troops of the whole army who were denied the privilege of say ing who they wished to stand at the helm and control the sailing of the old ship to safety. I felt then that the Generals on one side of Indiana were as disloyal as the Generals of any we were fight ing to control, and haven't changed my mind as yet. Before proceeding farther, I feel it my duty to give a brief history of our brigade and division commanders in this campaign. It gives rne great pleasure to do so, while I feel my store of language is entirely insufficient to do them the justice they so honestly deserve. General John B. Turchin commanded our brigade during the campaign from May 6 to July 17. While he was not a native of this country, be became a citizen in due formr and proved by his courage, zeal and patriotism that no native born had more interest in the pre servation of this country than he. He was a fine
134 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY SECOND.
disciplinarian, brave as the bravest and a man loved by all under his command. Long may he live with greatest enjoyment. Colonel Moses B. Walker commanded the brigade from the 17th of July until the fall of Atlanta. Three regiments of the brigade, viz. : Seventeeth and Thirty-first Ohio and Eighty-second Indiana had served under him for some months before. I am unable to find language to do the grand old gentlemen justice. He was kind, noble, generous ; a fine disciplinarian, and no braver man every presented himself in de fense of his country. He is now well past his three score and ten years, yet I hope he may en joy health and live many years of usefulness and pleasure. General Absalom Baird commanded our division during the whole campaign ; in fact from about the 1st of October, 1863, to the close of the war. While we had served under several division commanders, none created the lasting esteem of the division as General Baird. He was a fine disciplinarian; ever prompt in his duties, a gentleman, a true soldier and brave to a fault. When his division was called to desperate battle, he was always at the front, showing the men he was a leader, not a follower. With health and plenty, I wish you a long and happy life.
CHAPTER IX.
THE MARCH TO THE SEA.
The forces selected by General Sherman for his oampaign to the sea embraced the Fourteenth, Fif teenth, Seventeenth and Twentieth Army Corps. The Fourteenth was commanded by Brevet Major- General Jefferson C. Davis, the Fifteenth by Ma jor-General P. T. Austerhaus, the Seventeenth by Brigadier-General A. S. Williams, and the Twen tieth by Major-General F. P. Blair. They were designated as right and left wings, the Fifteenth and Seventeenth forming the right, arid the Four teenth and Twentieth forming the left wing, Ma jor-General O. 0. Howard being in command of the right, and Major-General H. W. Slocum of the left wing. The army contained sixty thousand infantry, five thousand five hundred cavalry, and sixty-five pieces of artillery, with about one thou sand three hundred artillerymen, making a total of sixty-six thousand and eight hundred. We concentrated at Kingston, Georgia, on the 2d day of November, 1864, for the purpose of making ar rangements for the campaign, remaining in camp until the 12th. During this time the army was paid off, there being several months due. This
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was done to let the men with families send their money home for their families to pass the winter with. The railroad and telegraph was destroyed between Chattanooga and Atlanta, after sufficient supplies had been brought up for the advancing army. General Thomas moved back with the Fourth and Twenty-third Corps for arrangements to meet Hood should he advance on him, or to fol low him should he follow General Sherman. Ev erything being ready our corps marched the 12th at 8 A. M., on the Kingston and Marietta road, passing through Cartersville, encamping near Ala- toona. On the 13th, marched at 6:30 o'clock A. M., passing through Alatoona, encamping near Big Shanty. On the 14th, marched at 6 A. M., pass ing through Marietta, crossing the Chattahoochee River at Turner's Ferry, encamping near the rail road bridge. .On the 15th marched at 6 o'clock A. M. Arriving at Atlanta passed through the city and encamped for the night. During the night of the 15th the light from the burning city made our camp as light as day. Details were sent in to check the fire. The more details the brighter the light. S. V. W. Post, leader of our brigade band, brought his band around to brigade head quarters and gave us some fine music, and when through said, "Nero made music while Rome burned, why not Post make a little while Atlanta burns." Had my wishes been granted he would have had to play as long as there was anything to burn. This fine sight filled my idea of soldiering.
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The army was well sifted by this time, and every man who started on this campaign was a soldier in the fullest sense of the term, and could be fully relied on for any duty assigned them. The com manders from captains up to the general in com mand were men amply qualified to fill their places in any emergency. While it looked like a big undertaking to cut loose from all communications in the rear and start for the sea, a distance of about three hundred miles, there was not a man in the command but what was anxious to make the start, never fearing the result.
On the 15th of November, 1864, the Fifteenth, Seventeenth and Twentieth Corps started on their lines of march, the right wing with Kilpatrick's cavalry on the right flank through Jonesborough and McDonough, .thence eastward and reached Gordon on the 23d. The Twentieth Corps by Decatur, Stone Mountain, Social Circle and Madi son, thence southward to Milledgeville with instruc tions to tear up the railroad from Social Circle to Madison and burn the bridges over the Oconee River. On the 16th the Fourteenth Corps (of which the Eighty-second formed a part) marched through Lythonia, Conyers, Covington, Sandtown and Shady Dale to Milledgeville, tearing up the railroad as we advanced. On the night of the 22d we encamped on Howell Cobb's plantation. The Twenty-third Missouri worked all night burning the fences and buildings as a reward to Colonel Quinn Morton, for insults offered him by Cobb,
(10)
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when a prisoner. To a person that never seen railroads destroyed it would be a funny sight. As a little explanation will give the idea of how it was done, I will state the mode. In some instances the track was turned over the length of a regi ment or brigade by raising gradually until on a balance on the end of the ties, then at the word over, one shove and away it goes. Another way is to raise the spikes, loosening the rails from the ties, pile the ties, fire them, and balance the rails across the burning pile, and when the rails heat they bend down until the ends touch the ground. When they cool they are so crooked that they have to be taken to the shop for straightening before they can be used. Another way the Engi neer Corps done, having tools for the business, formed after the style of a cant-hook. Putting one at each end of a rail and as many men as could get hold of the handle bearing down (each end working in opposite direction), this forced the spikes out, and twisted the rail in something of the appearance of an auger, making them entirely useless until melted and made over. Then pile the ties and burn them. In many instances I have seen the rails taken up and heated on the burning piles of ties, and when red-hot in the center four men at each end of the rail would carry them to a tree or telegraph post, and place the red-hot part against the tree and walk around until meeting, then pass and go until meeting again, then let it drop. Our orders were to make fifteen miles per
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day, and do this kind of work when along a rail road. The 23d the right wing reached Gordon and the left wing Milledgeville. Milledgeville was the capital of Georgia, and one of the most God forsaken little holes I ever seen, the highest- toned ladies being snuff dippers. We remained here one day. General Sherman had interposed his army between Macon and Augusta, leaving the enemy in doubt as to his intentions. They had no army to offer any resistance, and the citi zens were perfectly paralyzed. General Beaure- guard was traveling through Georgia trying to fire the people up to resist his advance, but to little use, as everybody was scared to death. During our eight days' march we had not had any enemy but cavalry to bother us. They hardly made us feel that we were soldiering, their show of fight being so weak. The second move, the two wings moved on parallel lines for Millen. General Kil- patrick's cavalry to destroy the railroad between Milledgeville and Augusta, and try to rescue the prisoners at Millen. The left wing crossed the Ocona River and moved through Sandersville and marched eastward toward the Georgia Central Railroad. The right wing moved from Gordon on the railroad, tearing it up. The division to which the Eighty-second belonged arrived at Lou isville, Ga., and received orders to move to General Kilpatrick's assistance, all the rebel cavalry having attacked and being too many for him. We moved several miles to the left and found his command
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on the bank of a deep stream called Rocky Com fort, the bridge being destroyed and the banks too- steep for cavalry to pass over. As soon as the First Brigade, under Gen. Morton C. Hunter, crossed and took the front, the enemy fell back out of gunshot. Kilpatrick's men and horses being worn out was given until the next morning to feed and rest up. On December 1st Kilpatrick advanced in good style. Our brigade moved on the extreme left flank with him for several days. During this time we were tearing up railroad track one night, when Cobb's militia came down from Augusta with some artillery and bombarded us. If any one was injured by this mob I never heard of it. General Kilpatrick was at General Hunter's head quarters during the time of the bombardment and said he would give them something to do in the morning. When morning came he formed his command (our brigade supporting him) and charged the rebels in their rail stockade, killing and wounding over one hundred. The other two brigades of our division joined us, and the whole division moved with Kilpatrick's troops, and drove the enemy through Waynesboro and across Buck Head Creek. They burned the bridge in their rear. Kilpatrick sent detachments up and down the stream for twenty miles, burning the bridges, and we never seen anything more of Wheeler's command for three or four days. The left wing and the Seventeenth Corps moved on parallel roads^.
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making a feint on Augusta. Kilpatrick's com mand was on the extreme left flank, and our di vision marched with them as supports, all the rebel cavalry being in his front. The Fifteenth Corps moved to the right. Our division, with Kilpatrick's Cavalry, took the Savannah road. We came to a stream called Little Ebenezer River, about thirty miles from Savannah, and found the bridge burned. The stream was very deep and the banks extremely high. The crossing was only two miles from the Savannah Eiver, where the enemy had some gunboats, which were en gaged in shelling the crossing. While waiting for a bridge to be completed Wheeler came up in our rear, thinking he had caught our cavalry without protection. He made a dash at them, they being ordered to fall back in haste. Wheeler's com mand came charging with a yell, our cavalry re treating rapidly. Soon the rebels received a vol ley from the infantry, and retreated much faster than they had been advancing. This was the last we saw of Wheeler on this campaign. Our bridge being completed we cross and encamp for the night. A short distance to the left of this cross ing is a church called Ebenezer. A short dis tance from its front could be plainly seen the l>anks forming the outside lines of Fort Green, used in the war of 1812. On the inside of the fort stood a pine tree as much as one foot and a half through. In the church I noticed a bible
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lying on the pulpit. It had many names of sol diers of that war. As it had been used for a record of soldiers who were fighting for the preserva tion of the United States, and apparently revered on that account, I recorded my name on one of the fly leaves, being engaged in the same kind of duty; but don't presume my name met with as much reverence as those which preceded mine. From here on, until striking the main line of rebel works, we met with but little resistance. When nearing the enemy's main works the country was taken up mostly with rice fields. These were easily overflown, making the water from one to three feet deep. This caused' much labor to pre pare corduroy roads for the men and artillery to pass over. On the 10th the enemy was driven to their main works. Then the movement of the army to form a perfect siege commenced. The necessity for supplies compelled the right wing to take Fort McAllister, commanding the Ogeechee Eiver. About the time this was accomplished, General Sherman, being on top of a rice mill watching the movement of troops, observed a steamer which came to give notice that the sup ply fleet was in waiting. On our march, we being on the extreme flank, our supply train was in charge of the Second Division of our corps. They not being good foragers, had used up our supplies (as well as their own) and when we came to the siege we were entirely destitute of rations, and the outer country for forty miles had been foraged
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clean by the rebels. The only thing we could get to sustain life was rice, and it in the sheaf like we tie our wheat in this part of the country. Thresh ing machines of every description, on the rude plan, were constructed and used for the purpose of threshing it. Then the greatest fanning mill found was to throw the grain and chaff into a ket tle of water. The grain would sink to the bottom and the chaff float on top. By pouring off and adding more water the rice was put in shape for cooking. Water being very plentiful, it wasn't much labor to procure an ample supply. Our horses ate the rice from the sheaf and appeared to enjoy it much better than the men.
The next day after taking Fort McAllister, Gen erals Sherman and Foster met Admiral Dahlgren and made every arrangement for taking the city of Savannah by force. Heavy siege guns were to be brought up, one corps to be thrown across the Savannah River into South Carolina, to take the only road of the enemy's escape, the navy fleet under Admiral Dahlgren to attack the water front, and the army to storm the rear fortifications. General Sher man sent in a demand for the surrender of the city and forces ; but Hardee refused to surrender. Several regiments from the Twentieth Corps were thrown, across into South Carolina to develop the enemy's; position. Hardee appeared to think this meant a thorough siege, and during the dark and windy night he withdrew his forces, making a successful escape. On the next morning, December 20, 1864,
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the Union forces marched in and took possession of the city. Hardee had destroyed all the material possible to keep the notice of his retreat from our army. He left his guns unspiked; steamboats, railroad stock, cotton, and large quantities of pub lic property of value uninjured. With the excep tion of the capture of the rebel forces, our march to the sea was a grand and glorious victory, it bore every evidence of the weakness of the rebel cause, and showed to the world that men engaged in a just cause could and would be successful in all their undertakings. During the whole march there wasn't enough of the enemy confronted us to stop one division of Sherman's " Grand Army." We left a track of desolation forty or fifty miles wide from Atlanta to Savannah. The railroad system of the State was destroyed for months to come; workshops, station houses, tanks, ware houses, mills, factories, cotton-gins and presses, besides cotton, farm products, fences, buildings, etc. In the language of Colonel Gleason, of the Eighty-seventh Indiana, " We made it a howling wilderness." This victory, with others taking place at the same time, gave proof to the soldiers on one side that their victory was close at hand, while on the other side that the end was plainly in view. The fighting qualities of the rebel soldier had vanished. Instead of one of them being equal to five " Yankees," they would much prefered five on their side to one on ours, and even then I doubt very much if they would have met with success
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when it came to a battle. The people through the country were fully ready to say, " Let us cease our efforts in this cursed cause/' The Union army accepted of Savannah as a great Christmas gift. The army was soon encamped in and around the city enjoying plenty to eat, and taking a good rest for the next and last campaign upon which they were to be called to march against their country's traitors. Xow, to let the loved ones at home know of their victory and safety, and to hear from the dear ones at home, was the next pleasant task to accomplish. During our march Captain Gros- venor, of the Eighty-ninth Ohio, died. He was on tbr: staff of Gen. Morton C. Hunter, commander of the First Brigade, Third Division, Fourteenth Corps. I had the pious tire of being on the same staff, and take great pleasure in saying he was a polished gentleman, a true patriot, and as brave and gallant an officer as was ever in any army. AVe had no men killed or captured in the Eighty- second, and very few sick on the campaign. This was decidedly the finest soldiering it was my pleas ure to meet with during my time of service. Plenty to eat, reasonable marching, and just fighting enough to remind us there was an enemy in our front. To give its proper standing I would call it a regular " dress parade" performance from At lanta to the sea.
CHAPTER X.
THROUGH THE CAROLINAS.
Soon after reaching the sea, General- Sherman was ordered to move his army by sea to assist in taking Richmond, Ya. He wrote General Grant his preference for an overland route through the Carolinas and come up in the rear of Richmond. On the 27th day of January, 1865, Grant gave orders for Sherman to move his army northward through the Carolinas as soon as possible. By this movement it was intended to keep the frag ments of the rebel army in the south and west from concentrating in heavy forces. Troops from the Nineteenth Corps were sent to garrison Savannah to allow General Sherman his army unbroken to make the campaign, and should Lee evacuate Richmond and fall back, to allow him force enough to wipe them out. It would have been one of the pleasures of Sherman's army to have met Lee's troops and shown them what it was to meet an army that didn't know what defeat was. Accordingly, orders for a forward movement were issued for the 15th of January. Heavy rains had swollen the rivers and flooded the country to such an extent that a part of the army failed to cross
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into South Carolina until the 5th of February* General Howard, with the Seventeenth Corps, crossed from Beauford's Island, flanking the enemy at Gordon's Corner and pursuing him to Pocotaligo, and took possession of a fort at that point. This movement was intended as a feint on Charleston, to deceive the enemy as to the move ment on Columbia, S. C., and Goldsboro, N. C. A pontoon bridge was thrown at Savannah, and the Union causeway repaired for the left wing's advance. The flood having destroyed the bridge and submerged the causeway, the left wing was compelled to move up the river some forty miles to Sister's Ferry to effect a crossing. A part of the Twentieth Corps crossed at Purrys- burg, and formed communication with General Howard at Pocotaligo. The Fourteenth and a part of the Fifteenth, being relieved from Garrison duty at Savannah by Gower's Division of the Nine teenth Corps, left Savannah on the 26th, moved up to Sister's Ferry and crossed on the 5th. Gen. John A. Logan, with the Fifteenth Corps, joined General Howard at Pocotaligo.
The whole army was now ready for the cam paign. The enemy wras making every attempt to organize a force to meet our advancing columns, but were at a loss as to the intended movements of the army. Beauregard and Hardee were at Charleston, and Bragg in North Carolina. North Carolina being open to attack on the east coast, General Schofield, writh the Twenty-third Corps
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and other troops, threatened Charlotte, N. C. General Sherman made disposition of his com mand, threatening Charleston, Augusta and Co lumbia. The enemy was at a loss to discern his intentions. His front, right or left wings all bore upon objects of great importance; but what was his aim remained a mystery to them until his movements were completed. Had they known his intentions, he could have changed his plan and moved on with great injury to them and with no detriment to himself. The Fourteenth Corps, forming the extreme left flank, made a feint on Augusta, Ga., passing through the town of Barn- well. The right wing, with General Sherman in person, moved to the Salkahatchie, touching the river at Beauford and River's bridges, flanking Charleston. The enemy was very w^eak in force, and General Howard had but little trouble in forc ing a crossing, the enemy retreating to Branch- ville. These movements caused great alarm through the country. General Sherman's ob jective was yet a great mystery, but his strategy was far beyond their comprehension. Columbia was left almost unprotected. The Fifteenth Corps moved on the Orangeburg road ; the Seventeenth by Holman's, crossing the Edisto River, then by direct road to Columbia; the left wing by Barn- well and Lexington, and destroyed the Charleston & Augusta Railroad for several miles. The even ing of the 12th of February my division struck
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the railroad at Johnson's turnout, about twenty- five miles from Augusta. General Hunter, being in command of our brigade, ordered Captain Whe- don and myself to make search for water (we being on his staff), it being very scarce, and, if found, report to the commanders of the regiments of his brigade, so as to relieve the men from the labor of hunting it up, the men being tired, having marched all day, and were ordered to tear up rail road after night. The Captain and I went in obedience to orders. We divided forces, he tak ing the right and me the left, to scour the country back to a road some three-quarters of a mile, there to meet and report success. After riding a short time, hearing a noise in the rear, I looked around and saw the Captain with eighteen other horsemen dressed in blue coming in my rear. I took them to be Kilpatrick's men (he being on our flank), but soon discovered they "wasn't that kind of cats." The outside appearance was all right, but the inside was all wrong (not being as used to these appearances then as I have since). I found, to my horror, that Captain Whedon was a pris oner, and, having promised his wife to follow him through thick and thin, and die with him if neces sary, I concluded to go along and look after his welfare, and thus became a prisoner with him. We traveled some thirty miles that night to flank our army and get to their camp. Before going in to report, they halted us in a dark hollow, built a fire and traded with us until from
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outward appearances we looked like tolerably onery Johnnies. When they called for Cap's watch I had to laugh, not from joy at Cap's loss, but to see how he took the demand. The watch was a present to him, and he thought so much of it no money could have bought it. He took the watch from his pocket and commenced looking at it, his breath coming very hard. Finally he broke forth, saying: "I will tell you what I can do, Sergeant ; I can whip any d — n son of a b — in your command whether I keep this watch." The banter wasn't accepted, but the watch was. We were finally turned over to the provost guards, our quarters being in a field alongside of a burning log. Lieutenant Oliver, of Kilpatrick's staff, with two Orderlies, were lying asleep. They had the appearance of Johnnies, as they, too, had been trading with the rebels. We asked the guards who they were. On being informed, we concluded to see how they felt. The Lieutenant having a jacket on, and being a robust young man, displayed a fine set of hips. Cap walked up and gave him a friendly slap with his hand, representing a blister powder. The Lieutenant was up in a flash look ing Cap square in the face, exclaiming: "What do you mean, you d — n rebel son of a b — ?" Cap commenced laughing, and replied : " Fresh fish." The Lieutenant extended his hand and gave him a good friendly shake. We had a good chat. In the morning we started for Augusta, arriving there after night, and were placed in a stockade. Next
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day Cap found the Lieutenant in charge, who was a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and the brother took him and myself out to get a drink. For this favor the Lieutenant was relieved from duty and sent to his command, and Cap, Lieutenants Oliver, Ohara and myself were sent to the fourth story of the Augusta jail, where we remained for eleven days and nights. Getting hold of a city paper we noticed the agreement between the commissioners of exchange (Ould and Mulford), as to treatment of prisoners. They were not to be kept in any confinement except regular military prisons. Get ting some writing material we addressed the Gen eral (Fry) in cammand of the post, calling his at tention to the order, and requested him to see it complied with. He ordered us to Andersonville. But being posted on the angle of the square, I struck the Lieutenant in whose charge we were placed, and he answered me satisfactory. He said his orders were for Andersonville, but thought he could have us stopped at Macon, as the keeper of the prison there was a man of the square also. We were placed in the hospital at Macon (although none of us were sick) and remained there one month. Then we had the pleasure of boarding at the Hotel de Andersonville better than two weeks. General Wilson's Cavalry reminded the rebs that they were looking after our interests, and we were run out for Macon. Wilson having cut off the retreat in that direction, we were taken back through Andersonville to Albany. From there
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we took it on foot to Thomasville, sixty milesr thence by rail to Lake City, Florida, where we remained several days. General Sam Jones (Con federate) called on us, giving us the news of Pres ident Lincoln's assassination and the surrender of General Lee's army, and said the bottom of the Confederacy had dropped out. The pleasant news of the war being over made but little feeling in the hearts of the soldiers when they heard of the death of our noble-hearted President, Abraham Lincoln. The morning of the 28th of April we were put aboard the cars and run down to Baldwin, within twenty miles of Jacksonville, where our forces held possession. As bad off as the men were the most of them footed it through by night. We were received in grand style by our forces. Al though only absent from the sight of our flag, the " Star Spangled Banner," two months and sixteen days, I thought it the prettiest thing I ever saw. We had one man in our squad that was captured at the first battle of Bull Run. From some cause he had been missed in the different exchanges, and had served in nearly every prison the rebels had. The last squad that was ever in Andersonville, I was one of the number — thirty-five hundred. Of this number there were but thirteen officers. The officers remained only a few days and went to Hil ton Head to get transportation toward home ; we remained at Hilton Head about one week. During our stay there we took a trip to Charleston to take a look at Forts Sumpter and Moultrie, and spent
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 153
a day in the city seeing the grand effect of our artillery practice on the place. We could find but one fault with the work, i. e., we would have been glad to have stood on the bank and looked down in a bottomless chasm, with the knowl edge that there laid buried the hot-bed of high treason. On our return to Hilton Head we took vessel for Annapolis, Maryland, making a safe but not over-pleasant trip, remained there four days, starting for my home, arriving safely. If the his tory of my prison life interests the reader as little as it did me while undergoing it, they will be as glad to finish its perusal as I was to finish my term of prison life. Not being with the grand old regi ment on the balance of its journey to the close of the war, I am indebted to my brother, Gen. Mor ton C. Hunter, and the official records for the his tory of its marchings and actions to its return to Indianapolis and muster out. After making a strong demonstration against Augusta, General Slocum marched his command to the Saluda River above Colombia, forming a connection with Gen eral Howard. The movement of our army had caused the evacuation of Charleston, South Caro lina, and drove General Cheatham, with the rem nant of Hood's army, north of our prospective line of march. By the same strategy, General Sher man proposed to reach Goldsboro. This move ment was of greater danger than his former ones. The garrisons of Augusta, Charleston and Colum bia could be united with Western and Atlantic
(ii)
154 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
coast forces, making it dangerous to divide his forces as heretofore. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston having again taken command of the rebel forces, made it more dangerous, as it was conceded he was the best General in the Confederate cause. Gen eral Sherman, knowing his abilities, was prepared to meet him, and knowing the lay of the country did not furnish the natural advantages that Gen eral Johnston had on his Atlanta campaign, and feeling that the demoralized condition of the troops with which he had to contend, he had no fears of carrying out his plans. Johnston's army was infe rior to General Sherman's in every particular ; it lacked in numbers, and being composed of frag ments badly demoralized from the effect of late engagements, and knowing they were to meet the army which had driven them from their natural strong positions from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and a part of them feeling that they had been badly whipped by a part of the army only, which they contended with on the Atlanta campaign. John ston knew he had to contend with the man that maneuvered the army and took Atlanta, left but little hope of ever stopping the grand army on its forward movement. His only hope was to strike unsupported columns and defeat our army in de tail. General Sherman was well aware that this was his only hope, and guarded against giving such opportunities. The Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, under General Slocum, made a movement threatening Charlotte, North Carolina, to create
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 155
the impression he would strike that point on his way to Virginia, while his real ohject was Golds- boro, crossing the Saluda Elver at Mount Zion Church on the 17th and Broad Kiver, at Freshley's Mills, on the 19th, arriving at Winsboro on the 21st, destroying many miles of railroad on either side of Alton. On the 20th the right wing, with Gen eral Sherman, left Columbia moving to Winsboro destroying the railroad between the two points. A great portion of Columbia was destroyed by fire, by whose order remains a matter of controversy. Here the wings again separated, the left wing moving northward a short dis tance, turned eastward, crossing the Catawba Kiver, advancing to Sneedsboro. The cav alry on its left moved toward Charlotte, thence to Sneedsboro. The right wing advanced to Cheraw, entering it on March 2cl. The enemy made a weak resistance. The forces from the West under Cheatham were directed to Charlotte, with the impression it was the objective point, the two wings crossing the Peedee River at Sneedsboro and Cheraw. On the 9th of March General Hampton surprised one of Kilpatrick's brigades and gained advantage over his entire command, Kilpatrick making his escape on foot. The enemy stopped to plunder his camps, giving him time to rally his troops and retake his camps and hold the enemy at bay. On the llth the Fourteenth and
156 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
Seventeenth Corps met at Fayetteville and skir mished with Hampton's Cavalry. Hardee with drew across Cape Fear River, burning the bridge. It was expected that Hardee would make a stand here, but he abandoned the place without resist ance, leaving large quantities of public property,, among which was an immense arsenal. Here Gen eral Sherman received notice of the fall of Wil mington. He sent orders to Generals Schofield and Terry to move on Goldsboro. The march through South Carolina left a track fifty miles wide that bore evidence that the army felt it was doing it justice for its initiative in bringing on the war. It surely met with nothing but justice, unless one house was left unburned by the gallant army as it advanced through a worse place than the "black hole of Calcutta." As many important places had been lost to the rebel cause without much show of resistance, it had left their army none the less in troops. General Johnston having concentrated his army and received several thousand from the west, made arrangements to meet General Sherman between Goldsboro and Fayetteville. While his army did not contain as many men as General Sherman's, yet he had sufficient to meet, with some show of resistance, either wing or smaller quantity. Their cavalry was greatly superior to ours in numbers. Their infantry and artillery were formidable enough to cause General Sherman to move his army with precaution as to support in case of attack. In a letter to General Schofield, of
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 157
March 12th, he said that " General Johnston might •concentrate at Raleigh forty or fifty thousand men ;" but said, u I can whip that number with my present force. With yours and Terry's added, we <^an go wherever we can live." Sherman's move ments from Fayetteville gave evidence of his former strategy. He moved four divisions of in fantry and his cavalry toward Raleigh, following with four more divisions from the left wing, send ing the trains with the remaining four divisions farther to the east. The cavalry advanced on the direct Averysboro road, making a feint on Ra leigh, striking the railroad at Smithfield. Two di visions of the left wing moved with their trains to Fashion Station on the Wilmington & Goldsboro Railroad, General Sherman accompanying the left wing. On account of heavy rains the roads were compelled to be corduroyed in order to pass the artillery. On the 15th General Kilpatrick skir mished the rear guard of Hardee, capturing some prisoners. On the 16th General Slocurn advanced his command to near Averysboro, finding General Hardee intrenched on a narrow strip of swamp land between Cape Fear and South Rivers, guarding the Beritonville and Goldsboro roads leading to Ra leigh. This was the first resistance worthy of note north of Savannah, and intended to give General Johnston time to prepare for stronger opposition farther north. The idea was that he would make a stand and give battle at either Raleigh, Smithfield or Goldsboro. Let this
158 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
be as it would, Sherman required the dislodgement of Hardee. General Slocum was ordered to attack. He advanced the Twentieth Corps and developed the enemy's position. Owing to the softness of the ground -it was very difficult to move an army, especially artillery. Direct attack was quite peril ous. One brigade was thrown on the left of the rebel line, routing a brigade from their works, who fell back to a stronger position. General Davis, with two divisions of the Fourteenth Corps, joined the advancing line. The whole line now advanced, pushing the enemy into their works. The attack was so determined that Hardee took advantage of the dark night and retreated. Our loss was eighty killed and four hundred and eighty wounded. The Eighty-second did her part in this gallant attack. The enemy left one hundred and seventy-eight killed, one hundred and seventy-five captured, and three pieces of artillery. Their wounded being removed the number was not known. Hardee re treated toward Smithfield ; General Slocum crossed South River and advanced on the Goldsboro road ; General Sherman continued with the left wing. On the nightfof the 18th encamped within twenty miles of Goldsboro. The right wing reached Lee'& Store, placing the two wings in supporting dis tance, in case of an emergency. General Sherman had been expecting an attack on his left flank, but had now made up his mind that the enemy had fallen back to Smithfleld. The two columns were ordered to move upon Goldsboro, General Howard,.
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 159
with the right wing, to move on road by Falling Creek Church, and General Slocnm, with the left wing, on the main road. Carlin's Division of the Fourteenth Corps, in advance of the left flank, started on the road to Goldsboro, when they soon met a division of rebel cavalry. From their strong resistance it was judged they had support, or had gained some of their old-time Confederate courage. Carlin's orders being to press the enemy, he en gaged them heavily. The heavy roar of artillery soon gave notice that the battle was on. General Johnston was expecting to crush the Fourteenth Corps, which was a big undertaking. As the re sistance became more stubborn, more troops were brought into action. Two divisions now being in line, they were ordered to press the enemy and develop their position and strength. A deserter coming in, who formerly belonged to the Union army, gave General Slocum the intelligence that Johnston's whole army was massed in his front. This statement being supported by developments, General Slocum prepared for defense. He made disposition of his forces and sent a message to General Sherman, notifying him that he had met. Johnston's whole army in full force. He ordered General Williams to throw his train to the right,, gather his forces and hasten to the support of General Davis. General Hardee's retreat from Averysboro led to the belief that the road to Goldsboro was clear. He changed his direction
160 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
and made a detour and joined the rest of the Con federate forces near Bentonville. From appear ances Johnston's success was assured. Two divis ions of the Fourteenth Corps were in his front, two more divisions were a few miles away, and the right wing, intended for their support, was far to the right in rapid motion for Goldsboro. The idea was to defeat these four divisions in detail and destroy the trains ; then they would have some chance of contending against the balance of the army, or maneuver to catch them in de tail. The plan failed, for the reason that the two first divisions to be annihilated were the Fourteenth Corps. To do that corps up would require quite an army, as well as considerable time, which the rebels found to be true on many occasions before. These two divisions held their own and punished the rebels severely. Two divisions of the Twentieth Corps came to their assistance, and through the failure of Bragg, liar- dee, Lee and Cheatham to man their troops, and the fighting qualities of these four divisions against Johnston's whole army, the enemy had all they could do to maintain their own. The other two divisions of the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps marched to the scene of action and took position for an attack. The right wing came up and joined the right flank of the left. Generals Schofield and Terry arrived in supporting distance. During the night Johnston crossed the Neuse Eiver, destroying the bridge and made a safe retreat, leaving his
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 161
pickets to fall into our hands ; also his wounded. General Slocum's loss was nine officers and one hundred and forty-five men killed, fifty-one officers and eight hundred and sixteen men wounded. He captured three hundred and thirty-three, and buried one hundred and sixty-seven of the enemy. General Howard's total loss was three hundred and ninety-nine. The order for concentration at Goldsboro was carried out. General Sherman went to meet General Grant to confer as to final operations. Sherman made a new organization of the combined armies, General Schofield to com mand the "Center." His old force (Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps) the right wing, retaining its designation, "Army of the Tennessee," and the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps designated as the "Army of Georgia," as the left wing. This left the Eighty-second a part of the First Brigade, Third Division, Fourteenth Corps, Army of Georgia. The impression was that Lee and Johnston's armies would unite ; but let that be as it might. General Sherman was to move against Johnston's command, and then move north and co-operate with General Grant. Lee surrendered his army on April 9th, 1865. On the 10th Sherman's armies moved toward Raleigh against the remaining Confederate army east of the Mississippi River. Johnston knew full well he was unable to meet the " Grand Old Army" marching against him, but to keep up appearances of fixing for battle he fell back as Sherman advanced, his aim being to avoid
162 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
an engagement and procure as good terms as pos sible in the surrender of his army. General Sher man was marching on the enemy to give the final blow. On the 14th he received a note from John ston which opened negotiations for the surrender of the Confederate forces under his command, as well as all the Confederate forces under arms. The Government disapproved of his actions. The truce ended on the 24th. Two days later there was a second conference, which resulted in the surrender of all the forces of the Confederacy east of the Chattahoochee River. General Sherman issued orders announcing the cessation of hostili ties, and made provisions for the relief of the people. Generals Howard and Slocum were di rected to move their armies through Eichmond, Virginia, to Washington City. The war was now virtually at an end. For six months before the fall came, no man with common sense could for a moment believe there was more than a shadow of hope of its success. The leaders fearing their necks would pay the debt of high treason, sought the ignorance of the file to prolong their existance. Seeing the end was near, had they been men of true courage, and had the interest of the people at stake which they were claiming to represent, they would have surrendered like men, and said, do with me as you deem just, but spare the poor fellows we have led into wrong. This would have been honorable, and would have saved many lives and millions of dollars worth of
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 163
property. I may be wrong in my views, but am conscientious in my belief, that no man who took the oath to divide the United States and establish a Southern Confederacy, is worthy of being trusted to assist in dictating laws to govern this " Grand old Government," handed down to us through the hands of that great and good man, George Wash ington. The long boasted Southern cause col lapsed with such suddenness as to cause great wonder; but, upon examination, the last ditch was empty. Even Jefferson Davis, its vaunted leader, disguised in crinoline and female skirts, was stealthily endeavoring to escape the judgment of the conquerors, and he thought to preserve the life which he had so often boasted should not sur vive the fall of his (treasonable efforts) grand promises and lofty aspirations. His cowardly heart was a fit symbol of the cause for which he and the leaders of the South had committed treason to accomplish. His descent from power was sud den, and should have shown to the deluded masses of poor whites that the men who forced them in the battle's front were only brave so long as an army stood between them and the advancing forces. The overthrow of the rebellion was caused by a variety of causes; mal-administration being one of the greatest, lack of soldiers being another. The need of soldiers not only failed by conscription, but by desertion. Army supplies were secured by despotic restraint. The ruling cause of the war by the South was insurrection, not true revolution.
164 HISTORY OP THE EIGHTY SECOND.
Revolution is by the masses ; insurrection by a few who presume to dictate. There isn't a shadow of doubt but what the masses were against disrupt ing the Government at the outset. Had a few paid the penalty of treason, all would have been well to-day.
CHAPTER XI.
THE HOMEWARD MARCH.
The army started from Raleigh, N. C., for Wash ington, D. C., each corps taking different roads. The Fourteenth Corps, of which the Eighty-second formed a part, took the extreme left, being the longest route to Richmond, Va. The corps com manders each insisted that their corps was the best marcher, and the race began. While the Fourteenth had the longest route, yet they made the trip several hours in the lead. They averaged about thirty-two miles per day. General Sherman went to Washington to make arrangements for the re ception of his arm}\ On the arrival of the army at Richmond they were encamped on the opposite side of the river, with orders for none to pass over into the city. The guards posted to prevent any one crossing were white-collar-and-glove gents who never saw an enemy unless sent to the rear after being captured. The sutlers came over and made the appearance of a tented city. The men stood this for a day or two, when they organized and drove the white-collar-and-glove gents from their side of the river. As to the sutlers, they met with such a going through that they, too, became
166 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
scarce. On General Sherman's return to his com mand he was so indignant about the way his army had been treated that, on their march for Washing ton, he totally disregarded Halleck's order to move the army by his headquarters on review, but took another street and passed through the city and on to near Washington, where they were encamped, and made every prep aration for the grand review and the move ment home for final discharge. Kever before or since has Washington City seen such military dis play or such an immense crowd of people to wit ness it. The soldiers of different States, having served so long together performing the duties nec essary to save the country, were now about to bid each other adieu, perhaps never to meet again. The time finally came for the old Eighty-second to march for Indianapolis, there to receive their final discharge and separate for their homes. Twenty- eight years have now elapsed since we bid each other adieu and started for our homes to meet the dear ones which many had not seen for near three years. Since our muster out many have answered the last roll-call and passed beyond the river where but few more years will find the last of the gallant band of patriots. Then the cry of " army pauper," " coffee cooler," etc., will only be heard in rebel history or through the sons and daughters of the old traitors dead and gone. We have, comrades, after the lapse of thirty years, found who has been the soldier's friend as well as his worst enemy.
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 167
Comrades, in performing the duty as your histo rian, I feel that the history is not as brilliant as others could perhaps have made it, yet hope it may prove satisfactory. I have tried to do the grand, old regiment justice, and have kept in view that the truth is always best. Many who served with us in other regiments passed through what we have, and will perhaps peruse our history and can say it is no fabrication, but true.
CHAPTER XII.
FINAL EXPLANATION.
In writing the history of the regiment I have confined myself to service performed without any endeavor to place it ahove other commands in the army. I know many touching incidents have es caped my memory. For the safety of the army much hard service was necessarily performed by all regiments with us, which I deem unnecessary to say anything about. It is evident that the his tory would have been more interesting reading had the movements of the whole army been given in time of action. Yet I have intended writing the history of the Eighty-second Indiana without- drawing on the whole army to make my history appear lengthy. On campaigns where strategy of movement was more prominent than battles, I felt compelled to give the movements of the whole army as there could be but little of interest to nar rate in writing of one regiment. Then again it would look as though I claimed my regiment did all the work by itself, were I to say it marched by certain roads, crossed certain rivers, took certain towns, etc. In fact I find it no small task to write the history of a regiment after twenty-eight years
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 169
having elapsed since its muster out from the ser vice. Of course I could have made it look much hetter had I deviated from the truth, and claimed for it more than it ever did. Our losses were not as heavy as some other regiments; we perhaps never did as hard marching and other duties as others, yet that is no fault of the rank or file of the command. They served near three years faith fully and honestly, always at the front, faced the enemy when ordered, and, with one exception, never gave up a position unless ordered to do so. At the battle of Chickamauga we were compelled to give back on the morning of the 20th of Sep tember, but took a second position, which proved to be the "key point," held it until the gallant old Ninth Ohio came to our assistance, followed soon by other gallant troops, and then held it until the safety of the army was secured, then gave it up under orders. There was no braver regiment in the United States service than the Ninth Ohio. Its gallant Colonel, Kammerling, had no superior in the army for courage and discipline, and the state ment made by them as to the service of the Eighty-second Indiana at the battle of Chicka mauga is sufficient evidence of its staying quali ties in time of hottest conflict with the enemy. Many brave and true regiments were compelled to give ground on that occasion, but when reformed in a new position met the enemy and dealt them death and destruction by their courage. I have
(12)
170 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND.
written our division commander, and brigade com manders, also several officers of different regiments brigaded with us, asking them to give their state ments of the standing of the regiment as to per forming duties of good soldiers, and herewith pre sent their statements. Gen. Morton C. Hunter, our brigade commander from September, 1864, to the close of the war, was the only Colonel the Eighty-second ever had, and of course he could and would give the regiment a high recommendation, but, deeming that unnecessary, I rest contented with the statement of others under whom we served, and with those who served with us. I have endeavored to obtain from the line officers a state ment of killed, wounded and captured, to show what the regiment suffered in battle, but have been unable to receive any reply from most of them. I know the Adjutant General's report don't show any wounded unless they died or were discharged from the effect. As the time is now so short (intending to have the history ready by the time of the G. A. R. Encampment, at Indianapolis, in September) I am compelled to have the printing done, but am exceedingly sorry I am unable to give the men credit for wounds and prison service. The official reports give the regiment credit with about 200 wounded.
There is one thing all soldiers should remember,
For surely it can never be forgot, That it is their first and last duty
To always vote, and act, just as they shot.
CHAPTER XIII.
RECOMMENDATIONS.
Letter from Gen. Absalom Baird, our division commander from October, 1863, to the close of
the war :
WASHINGTON, D. C., March 24, 1893.
Capt. Alf. Gr. Hunter, Versailles, 2nd. :
MY DEAR SIR — I have just received your letter of the 18th inst. telling me that you have already commenced writing a history of the Eighty-second Indiana Volunteers. I am very glad to hear this, as the regiment has a record inferior to none, and deserves that its gallant deeds should be recorded. While under my command it never failed to per form every service required in a manner alike honorable to itself, and to the State of Indiana which sent so many splendid regiments into the field, and to the military service of the country. I have just received a fine history of the Seventy- fifth Indiana, and I wish every regiment had its story as well recorded.
Very Respectfully,
A. BAIRD,
Brevet Major- General, Late Commander Third Di vision, Fourteenth Corps.
172 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
Letter from John B. Turchin, our brigade com mander from October, 1863, to August, 1864:
RADOM, WASHINGTON COUNTY, ILLINOIS, ) July 18, 1893. j
To Whom it May Concern :
The Eighty-second Indiana Infantry Volunteers were added, with a few Ohio regiments, to my brigade at the time of the re-organization of the Army of the Cumberland, at Chattanooga, in 1863. My brigade was denominated as the First Brigade of Third Division (General Baird, commanding), Fourteenth Army Corps. The Eighty- second par ticipated in the Brown's Ferry expedition, and Missionary Ridge battle, while at Chattanooga, and at Resacca, and many other skirmishes and engagements during the Atlanta campaign, as far as Chattahoochee River (within six miles of Atlanta), when, on account of sickness, I was obliged to leave the brigade. During the above time, and under my command, the Eighty-second Indiana attended strictly to duty, ready to carry out orders, steady under fire, and reliable in emer gencies. It behaved gallantly during the assault of Mission Ridge, and was noticed in other en gagements as a body of brave men and devoted patriots.
JOHN B. TURCHIN, Late Brigadier- General United States Volunteers.
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 173
Letter from Colonel Moses B. Walker, our bri gade commander one year :
KENTON, OHIO, March 20, 1893. Alf. G. Hunter, Late Adft Eighty-second I. V. I.:
DEAR COMRADE — Yours of the 18th is before me. Of your regiment (Eighty-second) I have the most pleasant recollections and highest esteem. During the time I had the honor to command the old First Brigade I had no more reliable regiment. Prompt, steady and brave ; though often tried in extreme dangers, the regiment never failed in duty. Of the officers I have the most pleasant recollections. As officers they were gentlemen, and as gentlemen they could scarcely fail to be good officers. I could say nothing in praise of the field and staff of the regiment which would not be merited. To those of them who are living please carry my kindest regards. Let the dangers we passed together and the privations we suffered bind us to each other as comrades and brothers.
Yours very truly,
M. B. WALKER,
Colonel U. S. A.
174 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
Letter from John W. Free, late Major of the Thirty-first Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry, which was brigaded with us from the latter part of September, 1862, to the close of the war;
LEXINGTON, OHIO, June 2, 1893.
Friend Alf. Gr. Hunter, Late Adft Eighty -second Indiana Volunteers :
MY DEAR SIR — Write up and put in shape all the good things that can be said for the Eighty- second Indiana. No braver men ever faced the foe ; no more patient men ever endured the tire some marches we made. You can not say too much for me in their favor. I served in the same brigade with you from September, 1861, to Janu ary, 1865 ; was then compelled to leave the service on account of injuries received, and must say the Eighty-second Indiana never failed to do all duties assigned it in a brave and soldierly manner. Yours truly,
JOHN W. FREE, Late Major Thirty-first Ohio Vet. Vol. Infty.
Letter from J. B. Foraker, ex-Governor of Ohio, and late Captain in the Eighty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which was in the same bri gade from October 9, 1863, to the close of the war:
CINCINNATI, 0., July 5, 1893.
I served in the same brigade with the Eighty- second Indiana Regiment from October, 1863, until
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 175
the end of the war. I had good opportunity to learn the character of the regiment and to know what it accomplished. It is, therefore, from per sonal knowledge that I speak when I say, without qualification, that there was no braver or more gallant regiment in the Union army. The Eighty- second was always ready for any service and could always be depended upon to faithfully discharge any duty J. B. FORAKER.
Letter from John S. Cameron, late Adjutant Thirty-eight Ohio, V. Y. I., which regiment served in the same brigade with us for one year :
EASTPORT, OHIO, April 10, 1893. Adjt. A. G. Hunter, Versailles, Ind. :
DEAR SIR AND COMRADE — I am in receipt of your recent communication, and in reply thereto take pleasure in saying that my thoughts often wander back to those " by-gone days" when the Eighty- second Indiana Volunteers and Thirty-eighth Ohio Volunteers were brigaded together and encamped upon the sunny fields of Dixie. I can yet hear the stentorian voice of Morton C. Hunter (Colonel) calling "Eighty-second Indiana fall in!" A call they were not slow to obey. And whether the cal? was to the fatigueing march or to deadly conflict it was always obeyed with alacrity and enthusiasm. And although its record may not be as bloody as some regiments can show, it always wrell and faith fully performed the duties which the vicissitudes
176 HISTORY OF THE EIGHTY-SECOND
of war assigned it. The " make-up" of the regi ment — both officers and privates — I always con sidered as first class ; men who knew just how to meet a friend or foe. Is Colonel Hunter still liv ing? I shall always cherish the most kindly and brotherly feeling for my old comrades of the Eighty-second Indiana ; they possessed the neces sary staying qualities that fit men for the perform ance of duties, and that alone should be enough to endear one soldier to another. Hoping you success in your work, I am
Very truly yours in F. C. and L.
JOHN S. CAMERON, Late Adjt. Thirty-eighth 0. V. V. L
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
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NAME AND RANK. |
Hunter, Joseph . . |
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MUSICIAN. Warren, Henry M . |
WAGONER. Stearns, Joseph C . . |
PRIVATES. Baker, Daniel . . . Beeman, George M , Beeman, Henry C Bolton, William . . Brooks, William . , |
Canfield, Charles . , Couchman, John S , |
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FIRST SERGEANT. Fee, Marcellus .... SERGEANTS. |
Allensworth, John C. . Bunger, Michael E . . Wilson, William M . . Farrington, Vincent. . |
CORPORALS. Harrell, John P. . . Campbell, Robert H. . |
Dinsmore, Joseph . . . Fairly, John H . Robertson, Samuel . . Crabb, Wilson H . . . |
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ied at home Dec. 16, 1862. ied at home Aug. 2, 1864; wounds received al Resacca, Ga. issing at Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1863. ustered out June 9, 1865, as Corporal. ied at Triune, Term., Mar. 3, 1863. ustered out June 9, 1865. ied at Chattanooga, Tenn., Feb. 29, 1864, oJ wounds, ied at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Feb. 13, 1863. ied Mar. 8, 1864; wounds received at Mission ary Ridge, |
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Hyatt, Th6mas II . PRIVATES. |
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Bailey, William D Buayer, Samuel. . Bowman, John I - Branson, James H Bakston, Andrew D Buckles, Henry C . |
Collins, William . Cutshaw, Solomon ] |
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Williamson, T. W . Wildman, Benjamin Wells, John S . . Walker, William W |
Young, Robert F . . RECRUITS. |
Brand, George C . . Brand, William F. . |
Graham, Samuel D Green, Jessee. Grigsby, Samuel O . |
Hutchinson, Robert . Hildreth, George Hutchinson, Samuel. Hutchinson, Joseph |
Judkins, Lorenzo L , |
INDIANA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.
255
|
Transferred to 22d Regiment. Transferred to 22d Regiment. |
r— 1 * e 1 ^oT '> 1 3 3 h- 1 |
Mustered out June 9, 1865. |
Died Mar. 1, 1864; wounds received at Buzzard ~p/w,nt t :., |
Died at Indianapolis, Ind., Feb. 5, 1865. Transferred to 22d Regiment. |
Transferred to 22d Regiment. Transferred to 22d Regiment. |
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McCain, Warren T Mitchell, William |
Parton, William T |
Saint, Daniel . . . |
Tibbeits, Edward J |
Truman, Stej)hen ( Tibbetts, James X. |
Walton, Merritt. . Walton, Abraham. |
UN ASSIGNED EECBT |
Elsberry, Richard |
Gavitt, Charles . . |
« t I"H ^ d> ^ O s |
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FORM NO. DD6
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY BERKELEY, CA 94720-6000
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M18274Q
THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY
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