CO

THOMAS BROWNE

HYDRIOTAPHIA
1658

CTHE ENGLISH REPLICAS^)
THOMAS BROWNE HYDRIOTAPHIA

THE OCTAVO EDITION OF BROWNE
1658 WAS FOLLOWED IN THE SAME YEAR BY A
SECOND EDITION WHICH APPEARED IN QUARTO
TOGETHER WITH THE FOURTH EDITION OF

vseudodoxia epidemic a • urne Burial I AND
the Garden OF cyrus ARE INCLUDED IN

THE EDITIONS OF THE VSeudodoxia OF 1659

AND 1669 AND IN ALL SUBSEQUENT COLLECTED
EDITIONS OF BROWNE'S WORKS • THE SECOND
SEPARATE EDITION APPEARED IN 1736 AND IS
EVEN SCARCER THAN THE FIRST WHICH IS
REPRODUCED HERE FROM A COPY IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM • FOR DETAILED INFORMA
TION ABOUT THIS AND LATER EDITIONS OF
THE BOOK KEYNES' -Bibliography OF sir Thomas
Browne CAMBRIDGE 1924 SHOULD BE

CONSULTED

THIS BOOK

IS NOW PUBLISHED IN THE UNITED STATES
BY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS

FOR

THE FACSIMILE TEXT SOCIETY
296o BROADWAY, NEW YORK, N. Y.

6fHE ENGLISH REPLICAS^
THOMAS BROWNE HYDRIOTAPHIA

THE OCTAVO EDITION OF BROWNE'S uydriotaphia

1658 WAS FOLLOWED IN THE SAME YEAR BY A
SECOND EDITION WHICH APPEARED IN QUARTO
TOGETHER WITH THE FOURTH EDITION OF

p seudodoxia Kpidemica - vrne Kuriall AND
rhe Garden OF cyrus ARE INCLUDED IN

THE EDITIONS OF THE VSeudodoXta OF 1659

AND 1669 AND IN ALL SUBSEQUENT COLLECTED
EDITIONS OF BROWNE'S WORKS • THE SECOND
SEPARATE EDITION APPEARED IN 1736 AND IS
EVEN SCARCER THAN THE FIRST WHICH IS
REPRODUCED HERE FROM A COPY IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM • FOR DETAILED INFORMA
TION ABOUT THIS AND LATER EDITIONS OF
THE BOOK KEYNES' Bibliography OF sir Thomas
Browne CAMBRIDGE 1924 SHOULD BE

CONSULTED

1927

clarke
xork

927

MADE AND PRINTED IN ENGLAND

BY PERCY LUND, HUMPHRIES ftf CO. LTD.

BRADFORD AND LONDON

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L O 2^7> 0 N,

Printedfor Hex. Brome at the Signe of the
Gun in Ivj-la#e. 1658.

\

TO MY

Worthy and Honoured Friend

THOMAS Le QKOS

icJ^ Efquire.

< Hen theFunerall pyre was
out, and the laft valedi-
ftion over, men took a
lafting adieu of their in
terred Friends, little ex-
iog the curiofity of future ages fbould
comment upon their afhes, and having
no old experience of the duration of
their Rcltqnes, held no opinion of fuch
after con fide rations.

But who knows the fate of his bones,
or how often he is to be buried ? who *
hath tht Oracle of his aflbes, or whether
they are to be fcattered I The Reliques
of many lie like the ruines of * Pompejs,
A % in

The EfiStle

in all parts of the earth; And when
they arrive at your hands, thefe may
teem to have wandredfar, who in adi
% LUtlc di- rc& b and MvrtiUn Travell, have but

S£ ^bfr"* kw m^cs °^ known E*rth between your

tween your (elf and the Pole,

^kad That the bones of Tbefe** (hould be

Greenland. r . . , J

« Brought teen agin c in Athens ^ was not beyond
back by conjc&urc., and hopeful expectation 5 but
^°hn; ] " that thefe ftould arile fo opportunely to

fervc your felf, was an hit of fate and ho

nour beyond prediction.
We cannot out wi(b thefe Urnes might

have the cffcft of Theatrical veflels, and
4 The great grcat d Hrppodrowe Urnes in Rome } to re-

found the acclamations and honour due

onro Y ou
con- Pitchers, which have no joyful voices ;

voicesof njcs of forgotten times, and can only

people ac fpeak with life , bow long in this corrup-

•hwonhny tible frame, fome parts may beuncor-

poffcffed rupted ; yet able to out-la ft bones long

by Gen unborn, and nobleft py le c among us*
rtcmanCsir We prefent not thefe as any ftrange

f/trath fight or fpedacle unknown to your eyes,

%?&£ who have beheld the beft of Urnes, and

rcdFricnd. nobleft

Dedicatory*

oobleft variety of Aftes $ Who are your
(elf no (lender matter of Antiquities,
andean daily command the view of fo
many Imperial! faces $ Which ratfeth
your thought unto old things, and con*
fideration of times before you, when e~
ven living men were Antiquities; when
the living might exeeed the dead, and to
depart this world, could not be proper
ly faid, to go unto the f greater number* f Abtit *d
And fo run up your thoughts upon the f^"-
ancient of dayes, the Antiquaries trueft
objed, unto whom the eldeft parcels are
young, and earth it felf an Infant ; and
without 8 ^Egyptian account makes but g wMfh
fmall noife in thoufands. makes The

We were hinted by the occafion, not worW fo

,11 . • r« i j niany years

catched the opportunity to write or old old.
things, or intrude upon the Antiquary.
We are coldly drawn unto difcourfes of
Antiquities, who have fcarce time before
us to comprehend new things, or make
out learned Novelties* But feeing they
arofeas they lay,almoft in filence among
us, at Icaft in fhort account fuddenly paf-
fed over ; we were very unwilling they
(hould die again, and be buried twice a-
njongus. A $ Befide

Befide, to prcferve the living, and
make the dead to live, to keep men out
of their Urnes. and difoourfe of humane
fragments in them, is not impertinent
-unroourprofcffion* whofe ftudyis life
and death, whodaily behold examples
of mortality, mdof all menleaft need
artificial memento t^vr coffins by our bed
fide, to minde us of our graves.

'Tb time to obferve Occurrences, and
let nothing remarkable efcape us; The
Supinity of elder dayes hath left fo much
infilence, 01 time hathfo martyred the

J^Vl!? fhe raoft h >nduftrious
hath excel- heads do nnde no cane work to ereft a

Jendywcll new

"

3,73" 'Tis opportune to look back upon old
worthy to times, and contemplate our Forefathers
Great examples grow thin, and to be

,
ingenuous fetched f rom the paffed world. Simpli-

I flics awflj and inkit at

long Itrides upon us. We have enough
to do to make up our felves from prefent
and paffed times, and the whole ftage of
things fcarcefervcth for our inftruaion.
A compleat peece of vertue muft be
made up from the c*«r* of all ages, as

as

Dedicatory*

as all the beauties of Greece could make
>ut one handfome Venus,

When the bones of King Arthur were
digged up', the old Race might think,
they beheld therein feme Originals of
themfelves; Unto thefe of our Urnes
none here can pretend relation, and
can only behold the Reljques of thofe
perfons, who in their life giving the
Laws unto their predeceffors., after long
obfcurity, now lye at their mercies.
But remembring the early civility they
wrought upon thcfe Countreys, and for*
jetting long pafled mifchiefs 5 We mer
cifully preferve their bones, and pifle
not upon their afhes.

In the offer of thefe Antiquities we
drive not at ancient ramilies, fo long
out-lafted by them 5 We are farre from
erefting your worth upon the pillars of
your Fore-fathers, whofe merits you
Iluftrate. We honour your old Vir-
ueg D conformable unto times before
you, which are the Nobleft Armoury.
Knd having long experience of your
friendly converfation^ void of empty
formality, full of freedome, conftant
A 4 and

and Generous Honefty. I look upon
you as a Gem me of the k Old Rock, and
muft profefle my felf eventollrne and
Afljes,

Norwich

May U

Tour ever faithfull Friend,
and Servant,

Thomas <Brmne.

TO

TO MY
Worthy and Honored Friend

of fyUingbam Efquire.

I not obferved that * Pur-
blind* men have difcourfed
veil of light, aw!fome*>with-
out tflue^ excellently of Gene
ration ; / that VP& never ma
tter of any confide? able g&den^ had not
attempted thfr Subject. B*t the Earth u
the Garden tf Nature , and each fruit full
Country a Paradije. Diofcoridcs made
mo& efhu Obfewations m bit march about
wtb Antonius; and Theophraftus rai-
S*dhit general/ties chiefly from the fi kid.

toftd* we mite no Hcrball^ nor can thu
Volwu* deoeiveyo*, who have handled the ffortu
« mafftefl thereof: vko tym that three
d Folio / are yet too little ^ and bow Nw
Verbals flj from America ufon w, from

per-

The Epiftle

• My wor- ferjevering Enquirers, and c 0[J inthofe
1S.o!3kr fagdaritits* we expea fuch Defcripttons.
an ancient wherein* England unovpfoexaS^ that it
and learned ^fa not to ^ey CountreyS.
Botantft. * t ' , . . .. .

f AS in Lou* We pretend not to multiply vegetable dw$-

&- font by QitincMtciAl and RtticuUtt plants ^
<>* *"8 * ™*> Ptytologj. The field of
mention knowledge hath Lcen fo traced \ it is hard to

Tfe'enfto jH« **> f**& *™< °f M **>**&' ™
omit any. vpritcfomctbing ucw^ If truth may receive

addition^ or envy will have any thing new ;
face the Ancients knew the late Anatomical
difiweries, and Hippocrates the Circu
lation.

Tou have leenfolo»% cut of trite learn*

**&-> *b** 't**hard to finde afitbjeS proper

for you ^ an A if yon have met with a Sheet

ifpon this , we have miffed our intention* In

this multiplicity of writing bje and barren

Themes are left fitted for invention 9 Sub -

jt&sfo often difcourfed confine the Imagina

tion, and fix our conceptions unto the notions

offorc-writers, EefiJe, fuch 'Difewrfcs at-

iw excvrjions, and veniaUy admtt of ' cofta*

teratt truths, though *: fome diftauce from

tWpp*cr*u' their principals. Whevein if vpe fometimes

t«™"<!it **k* »*& bfatj* we ^rc notpngle> but erre

6**JMr. ly great 8 example,

He

Dedicatory*

He that will ittti fir ate the excellency ofthu
order, may eajily fail upon fo fa™** * SubjeS9
wherein we have not affrighted the common
Reader with any other Diagramms^ then of
itfelf$ and have inditflritujlj declincdittH-
flrationsfrw* rare and unknown plants.

Tour difcernin% judgement fo well acquain
ted with that ftudy, will expeS herein no
mathematical! truths^ zs well understanding
how few generalities and h V fioita's there
are in nature. UwScdigetbathftmndex* without cx-
ccftionsin wo ft Vaiverfals ^f Ariftotle and
Theophraftus. Hm Botanicall Maxima
waft have fair allowance * and are tolerably
currant, if not intolerably wer-battancedbj
exceptions.

Y0* have wifely ordered your vegetable
delights, beyond the reach of exception, ite
?wks vehopajji their dayes in gardens here9
will have Gardens al/o hereafter, and de
lighting in Flowers on earth, ntufl have Lil-
lies and Rofes in Heaven* In Garden De-
lights *t?s not eafie to held a Mtdiocritf 5 that
insinuating pleafnre isfeldome without fome
extremity. The Antiexts mentally delight-
edinfloHrifoingGarJens^ Many were Flo-
rifts that knew not the true ufe of a flower 5
And in Plinies Jajes none hadtiirefiljr trea
ted

The Epiftlc

ted of that Subject. Some commendably
affeQed Plantations of venemous Vegetables y
fome confined their delights unto (ingle
plants^ andCuofeemedto dote »p on Cab-
b*dg? 5 While the Ingenuow delight of T*-
liptjt stands fainted with bard language ^ e-
i Tft/rpom*- if en hy their own > Profeffori.

TbAttn this Garden Difco*rfe> we range
**to extraneous things ^ and many farts of
in Art an* H*t*re> ve follow herein the exam*
* fie of old and new Plantations, wherein no^
tie fotrtts contented not themfelves with
Trees^ but by the attendance ef Aviwesj
Fijb Ponds % and all variety of Animals^ they
made their gardens the Epitome of the earth,
andfome refembtance of the fewlar {bows of
old.

That we conjoyn tbefe farts of different
Stttjec3s9 or that this Jho«ld fucceed the o-
ther$ 1C our judgement wttt adnut without
impute of incongruity $ Since the delight-
full World comes after dettb^ and Paradifg
fucceeds tbe G>ave. Since the verdant flate
of things is the Symboleofthe ^efurreSion^
and tfffloftrijb in the/late of glory , we ntufi
firji be fown in corruption. Befide the and-
ent fratfife of liable Perfons, to concise
i/i Garden-Graves^ andVrnes thsmfdves of

Dedicatory.

, to he wrapt tip flowers and gar lands.

Nullumfine venia placuiffc cloquium,
to more fenjibly underflood by writers, then
by Readers ; nor well apprehended bj either ',
ttS work,* have bang?d out //^f Apelles A*f
PiSures ; wherein even common eye* will
fade fometbiitg for emendation.

to wifh all Readers ofyonr abilities) were
tnreafonablj to multiply the number of Scho
lars beyond the temper *f thefe times. "But
mto this ill- judging age, we charitably de-
Jire a portion of your equity^judgemen^ can
dour, and ingenuity ; wherein you arefo rich,
of not to lofe by diffufion. And being tjiou-
rifting branch of tb*t* Noble F amity 9 unto kof the
which we owe fo much observance, yon are moftwor-
votnmfa but long rooted in fucbperfe&- Jif^
c»5 whereof hwing hadfo lafti*% confirm*- prime Ba-

tton in your mnlh converfdtion^ constant a- J®"^ ™*

j ir+ it . ** true and

fmtj)andexprejfion$ afidknom^yonafe- noble

rio* Student in the highest arcana's of Na-
ture ; with much extiife we bring thefe low
delights^andpoor maniples toyottrTre*f*re.
Norwich May t.

Tenr affeftionAte friend

and Servant ^

Thomas Browne.

>n<Suni auod aiaitis Qmnquc

HYDRIOTAPHIA

Vrne&uriatt.

OR,

A Brief Difcourfe of the Se^

pulchrall Urnes lately found in

NORFOLK.

CHAPTER L

the deep difcovery of the
Subterranean world, a (hal
low part would fattsfie fome
enquirers; who, if two or
three yards were open about the fur face,
would not care to rake the bowels off/- »Thetfch
, and regions towards the Centre.
B Nature

Hydriotapbiay

Nature hath furniihed one part of the
Earth, and man another. The treafures
of time He high, in Urnes, Coynes, and
Monuments, fcarce below the roots of
fome vegetables. Time hath endlefle ra
rities, and (hows of all varieties ; which
reveals old things in heaven, makes new
difcoveries in earth, and even earth it
felf a difcovery. That great Antiquity
America lay buried for a thoufand years ;
and a large part of the earth is ftill in the
Urne unto us.

Though if Adam were made out
of an extraft of the Earth, all parts
might challenge a reftitution, yet few
have returned their bones farre lower
then they might receive them ; not af-
f eft ing the graves of Giants, under billy
and heavy coverings, but content with
lefie then their o wne depth, have withed
their bones might lie fofc, and the earth
be light upon them 5 Even fuch as hope
to rile again, would not be contenr with
central! interrment, or fo defperately to
place their reliques as to lie beyond dif
covery, and in no way to be feen a-
gain* which happy contrivance hath
made communication with our forefa
thers,

thers, and left unto our view fome
parts, which they never beheld them-
fclves.

Though earth hath engrofled the name
yet water hath proved the fmarteft
grave; which in forty dayes fwallowed al-
moft mankindc5 and the living creation >
Fifties not wholly efcaping, except the
Salt Ocean were handfomely content
pered by a mixture of the frefb Ele
ment.

Many have taken voluminous pains to
determine the ftate of the foul upon dif-
mnion s but men have been moft phanta-
fucall in the fingular contrivancss of their
corporal Idiflblutioa : whileft the fobreft
Nations have refted in two way essof ftm-
pie inhumation and burning.

That carnall interment or burying^
was of the elder date* the old examples
of Abraham and the Patriarchs are fuffici-
ent to illuftrate 5 And were without com
petition, if it could be made out, that A-
dam was buried near Damdfc^ or Mount
Cdvtry^ according to fome Tradition .
God himfdf, that buried but one, was
pleafed to make choke of this way, colle-
ftible from Scripturc-expreffion, and the
B 3 hot

Hydriotapbia,

hot conteft between Satan and the Arch-
Angel, about discovering the body of
Mofes. But the pra&ice of Burning was
alfo of great Antiquity, and of no (lender
extent. For (not to derive the feme
fromHmults ) noble defcriptions there
are hereof in the Grecian Funerals of Ho-
wcr^ In the forma II Obfequies of Patro-
clu*,zn& Achilles ^ and Tome what elder in
the fbcta* warre, and folemn combufti-
on ofcMentcev*^ and Archemort^^ contem
porary unto Jair the Eighth Judge of //-
rael. Confirmable alfo among the Tro-
j09S9from the Funerall Pyre of HtSar^
burnt before the gates of troy. And the
b burning of Penthifilc* the v4m*,z0nca*
Q*ccn: and long continuance of that
praftice, in the inward Countries of Afi& 5
• Ammia- whllc as low a« the Reign of Julian jwe
2^$,Gom- fi°de that the King of Chi**ia c burnt the
bratcs King body of his Son, and interred the aflies in
a ciy «filverUrne.

near Pcrf*. The lame praftice extended alfb farre
*Amoldis Weft *, and befidcs Herni'ians , Getcs, and
TOHn cif. ********** was in ufe with moft of the
Commctar. Ctlt^^ Sarfxatians,GertnAns,Gauls,DancS^
**dts> Norwegians ; not to omit fome ufc
thereof among Carthaginnnf and Am-

ruans : Of greater Antiquity among the

Romans then moft opinion, or P//»jf feems

to allow. For (befide the old Table Laws

of burning d or burying within the City, di2.Tabnl.

of making the Funerall fire with plained

wood, or quenching the fire with wine.)

MfinUw the Conful burnt the body of his

Son : Nn**a by fpeciall claufe of his VI ill,

was not burnt but buried ; And Rmw ncvc unto.

was folemnly buried,according to thede- £™u2^

fcription Of Ovid e, afcia ne

polito.

10.4. Item vigeneri Annotat. in Livium. & Alex.ab Alex, cum Ti-
raqucllo. Rofcinus cum dcmpftero. * Ultima prolate fubdita flam-
ma rogo. De Faft. lib. 4. cum Car. Neapol. anaptyxi*

Cornelius SjBa was not the firft whofe
body was burned in Rome^ but of the
Cornelian Family, which being indiffe
rently, not frequently ufcd before 5 from
that time fpread, and became the preva
lent praftice. Not totally purfued in
the hightft runne of Cremation; For
when even Crows were funerally burnt,
Pofp&a the Wife of Nero found a peculi
ar grave enterment. Now as all cuftomes
were founded upon fome bottome of
Reafon, fo there wanted not grounds for
this 5 according to feverall apprehenfions
of the moft rationall difiblution. Some
B 3 being

being of the opinion of Tfo/^that wafer
was the originall of ail things, thought it
moft equall to fubmit unto the principle
of putrefaftion, and conclude in a moift
relentment.Othcrs conceived it moft na
tural to end in fire, as due unto the mafter
principlein the compofition^according to
the do&rine of Hcraclitw. And there
fore heaped up large piles, more aftively
to waft them toward that Element,
whereby they alfo declined a vifible de
generation inro worms, and left a lafting
parcell of their composition.

Some apprehended a purifying virtue
in fire, refining the gr offer commixture,
and firing out the ^thereall particles fo
deeply iinmerfed in it. And fuch as by
tradition or rational! conjcfture held any
hint of the finall pyre of all things; or
that this Element at laft muft be too hard
for all the reft 5 might conceive moft na-
naturally of the fiery diflblution. Others
pretending no natural grounds, politick-
ly declined the malice of enemies upon
their buried bodies. Which confidera-
tion led sylla unto this pradHfe; who
having thus ferved the body of Meiriiu,
could not but fear a retaliation upon

his

his own s entertained after in the Civill
wars^and revengeful comentioasof Ztow*
But as many Nations embraced, and
many left it indifferent, fo others too
much affefted, or ftriftly declined this
praftice. The Indian Bractunans feeroed
too great friends unto fire, who burnt
thcmfelves alive, and thought it the no-
bleft way to end their dayes in fire 5 ac
cording to the expreffion of the Indian,
burning himfclf at Athens f, in his laft
words upon the pyre unto the a mazed
fpeftators , rt» / wake »j felf* !>*-

worldll. Tomb

But the Cba/Juns the great Idolaters
of fire, abhorred the burning of their
carcaflcs3 as a pollution of that Deity.
The Perfa* U*gt declined it upon the
like (cruple, and being only follicitous a-
boutthtir bones3 expofed their tiefli to
the prey of Birds and Doggcs. And the
Per/w nowin fW**, which expofe their
bodies unto Vultures, and endure not fo
much as forctra or Beers of Wood, the
proper Fuell of fire, are led on with fuch
niceties. But whether the ancient Gfri»*M
who burned their dead, held any fuch
fear to pollute their Deity of HerthM* or

B 4 the

8 Hydriotapbia,

the earth, we have no Autheotick con je«
flure.

The Egyptians were afraid of fire, not
as a Deity , but a devouring Element,
mercilcfly confuming their bodies, and
leaving too little of them ; and therefore
by precious Embalments, depoCturc in
dry earths, or handfome inclofure in
glalles, contrived the notableft wayes of
integral! confervation. And from fuch
Egyptian fcruples imbibed by Tjtbag*-
ra*i if may be conje&ured that Num* and
the PythagoricallSeftfirft waved the fi
ery folinion.

The Scythian) who fwore by winde and
(word, that is, by life and death, were
fo fat re from burning their bodies, that
they dt clinc-d all interrment, and made
their graves in the ayr : And the Itbthy-
epkfigi or *ifb- eating Nations about -^E-
pypt, sfte<fted the Sea for their grave :
Thereby declining vifible corruption,
and reftoriog the debt of their bodies.
Whereas the old Heroes in /-ta#*r,drea-
dcd nothirg more than water or drown
ing 5 probably upon the old opinion of
the fiery fubft:mce of the foulj onlyex-
tinguiftable by that Element, And

there-

Vrne-BuriaU. 9

therefore the Poet emphatically impli-
eth the totall deftru&ion in this kinde
Of death, which happened to A}*x
OilewZ. § which

The old * 'Balearians had a peculiar **&*
mode, for they ufed great times and 'gjfa^
much wood, but no fire in their burials, *piodonu
while they bruifed the flefli and bones *"«•
of the dead, crowded them into times,
and laid heapes of wood upon them.
And the*c£/#0*r without cremation or *R<omfiu
urnall interrment of their bodies, make in
ufe of trees and much burning, while
they plant a Pine-tree by their grave, and
burn great numbers of printed draughts
of (laves and horfes over it, civilly con
tent with their companies in effigie,
which barbarous Nations exaft unto re
ality.

Chriftians abhorred this way of obic-
quies, and though they ftickt not to
give their bodies to be burnt in their
lives, detefted that mode after death ;
affc&ing rather a depofiture thanabfum-
ption, and properly fubmitting unto the
fentence of God, to return not unto a-
(hes but unto duftngaine, conformable
unto thepraftice of the Patriarchs, the

interr-

IO Hydriotapbia,

terrmc/vtof onr Saviour, of Telet^ /W,
and the ancient Martyrs. And lo farre
at laft declining promifcuous enterrmcne
with Pagans, that fome have fuffcred Ec-
clefiaftical cenfures, for making no Icru-
pic thereof.

The Mutfefatn beleevers will never
admit this fiery refolution. For they hold
a prefcnt trial from their black and white
Angels in the graves which they mult
have made fo hollow, that they may rife
upon their knees.

The Jewiflh Nation, though they <
tertained the old way of inhumation, yet
fometimes admitted this praftice. For
the men of Jtkjb burnt the body of Saul.
And by no prohibited praftice to avoid
contagion or pollution, in time of pelti-
, lence, burnt the bodies of their friends ".
Vo. And when they burnt not their dead bo
dies, yet fometimes ufed great burnings
neareand about them, deducible fror
the expreffions concerning 'jehcran^ Se-
dechias, and the fumptuous pyre of A[A :
'tem..i. And were fo little averfe from/ Pagan
*<*• M burning, that the Jews lamenting '
C^ death of C*f*r their friend, and revenger
on Ptapy i frequented the place wherej

Amos 5.

it

bis body was burnt for many nights to- * As ^ie
gethcr. And as they raifcd noble Monu- ™£^nl
nems and Maufol^nms for their own Na- chrai MO.
ioBk> fothey were not fprupulous kn*- ""^j1
rtfting fome for others 3 according to simon.
he pra&ice of D*nie /, who left that laft »
llpylein^W^^ forth6
PerfiAn Kings 1.

But even in Hmes of fubjeaion and
umeftufe, they conformed not unto the
omtLtu pradice of burning ; whereby p.ficft ha5*

TX rt r . J alwayesthe

he Prophecy was fecured concerning cnftody

hebodyofGhrift, thatitftouldnotfee

t>rruption, orabonefliouldnotbebro-

tenj which we bcleeve was allb provi-

dcntially prevented3 from the Souldieps

pear and nails that paft by the little

>onesbothin his hands and feet: Not of

ordinary contrivance , that it ftiould not

sonnpton theCrofle, according to the

Laws of HomuM Crucifixion, or an

hair of his head periflij though obferva-

)lcin Jewift cuftomes, to cut the hairs of

alefaftors,

Nor in thdr long co-habitation witfi
JEgy ptians, drept into a cuftome of their
embalmtng, wherein deeply flaft-
ng the mufcles, and taking out the

brains

Hydriotaphi*}

brains and entrails, they had broken
the fubjeft of fo entire a Refurre&ion,
nor fully anfwered the types of Enoch,
Etidh, or Jon&ht which yet to prevent
or reftore, was of equall facility unto
that rifing power, able to break thefaf-
ciations and bands of death, to get clear
out of the Cere-cloth, and an hundred
pounds of oyntment, and out of the
Sepulchre before the (lone was rolled
from it.

But though they embraced not this
praftice of burning, yet entertained they
many ceremonies agreeable unto Grcckf
and RontAne obfequies. And he that ob-
fervuh their funerall Feafts , their La
mentations at the grave, their mufick,
and weeping mourners ; how they clo-
fed the eyes of their friends, how they
waflied, anointed, and kifle J the dead ;
may eafily conclude thefe were not
meere Pagan-Civilities. But whether
that mournfull burthen, and treble cal
ling out after Abfalom, had any refe
rence unto the laft conclamation, and
triple valedidion , ufed by other Na
tions, we hold but a wavering conje-
fiure.

Civilians make fcpulturc but of the
Law of Nations, others doc naturally
found it and difcover italfoin animals.
They that are fo thick skinned as ftill to
credit the ftory of the Phoenix t may fay
fomething for animall burning : More
ferious conjeftures finde fotne examples
of fepuhure in Elephants, Cranes, the
Sepulchrall Celts of Pifmircs and pra-
dice of Bees 5 which civill fociety carricth
put their dead, and hath exequies, if not
interrraents.

CHAP.

14

CHAP. II

JTT

*

HE Solemnities, Ceremonies, Elites
of their Cremation or cncerrment, fo
folemnly delivered by Authours, we (ball
notdifparageour Reader to repeat. On-
ly the laft and lafting part in their Urns?
colleftcd bones and Afhes, we cannot
wholly omit, or decline that Subje&,
which occafion lately prefented, in foinc
difcovered among us,

Ina Field of old tralfingfjavt, not ma
ny moneths paft, were digged up be
tween fourty and fifty Vrnes, depofitcd
in a dry and fandy foilc^not a yard deep,
nor farre from one another : Not all
ftri&ly of one figure, but moft anfwer-
ing thefe defcribed : Some containing
two pounds of bones, diftingut (liable ia
skulls, ribs, jawcs, thigh-bones, and
teeth, with frefh impreflions of their
combuftion. Befides the extraneous
fubftances, like peeces of fmall boxes,
my worthy or combes handfbmely wrought, handles
°^ma^ brafle inftruaients, brazen nip-
pers , and in one fome kinde of

Opate*,

Near

1 5

Near the fame plot of ground, for a-
bout fix yards compaflfe were digged up
coals and incinerated fubftances, which
begat conje&ure that this was the Uftriv*
or place of burning their bodies.or (bme
ficrificing place unto the Mmes9 which
was properly below the furface of the
ground^ as theAr* and Altars unto the
gods and Heroes above it*

That thefe were the Vrnes of Romanes
from the common cuftome and place
where they were found., is no obicure
coojedure, not farre from a Romane
Garrifon, and but five Miles from Bran-
cMffer, fet down by ancient Record un
der the name of Brannodnnuw- And
where the adjoyning Towne, contain
ing fevea Par i(hes5 in no very different
found, but Saxon Termination, ftill re-
Cains the Name of 'EurnkAm^ which being
an early ftation, it is nor improbable the
neighbour parts were filled with habi
tations, cither of Romanes themfelves, or
Rtmantfedy which obfervedthe

Nor is it improbable that the rR$m
early poflfeffed this Countrey^for though
we meet not with fuch ftrift particulars

of

1 6 Hydriotaphia,

of thefe parts, before the new InfHtuti.
on cfiCmflantine^ and military charge of
the Count of the S^x^fhore, and that
about the Saxon Invafions, the ^DdniAtitn
Horfemen were in the Gar rife n of Bran-
cafter : Yet in the time of cUudius, rt-
jpa/?a0y and Severe , we finde no leiTe
then three Legions difpcrfed through
the Province of Britain. And as high as
ehe Reign of Claudia a great overthrow
was given unto the Iceni, by the Romane
Lieutenant ojtorm. Not long after the
Countrey was fo mole fted, that in hope
of a better ftate, Prdfta*gu* bequeathed
his Kingdome unto Nero and his Daugh
ters 3 and Boadtcea his Queen fought the
laft dccifive Battle with Paulina. Af
ter which time and Conqueft of Agrictl*
the Lieutenant of Vt^afian^ probable it is
they wholly poOefled this Countrey, or
dering it into Garrifonsor Habitations,
beft fuitable with their fecurities. Aid
fo fome Romanc Habitations^ not impro
bable in thefc parts, as high as the time
ofr$a/taoy where the Saxons after (cat-
cd, in whofe thin-fill'd Mappcs we yet
finde the Name of Wdjingkam. Now
if the IP^I were but qammadims, Anco-

nitns*

or men that lived in an Angle
wedge or Elbow of Brittain^ according
to the Originall Etymologic, thiscoun-
trcy will challenge the Emphaticall ap
pellation, as moft properly making the
Elbow or Iken of Icenia.

That Britaw was notably populous is
undeniable, from that expreffion of C#-
/irm. That the &M#<i»/themfelves were
early in no fmall Numbers, Seventy
Thoufand wkh their affociats (lain by
"Boidice^ affords a fure account. And gue *difici*
though many Roman habitations are now

r t ii w r* (ts -

knowne, yetfome by old works, Ram- iuc*f.de
piers, Coynes, and Urnes doe teftifie
their Poffeflions* Some Urnes have
been found at C*ftor9 fome alfo about
Seuthcreakft and not many years paft,
no leflethen ten in a Field at Auco>*n,
not near any recorded Garifoo, Nor niy worthy
is it ftrangc to finde Romanc Coynes of F^nd
Copper and Silver among us ; of Vcfc*- f J5£
j?4#> Trajatt, Adrian^ Cowmodut^ ^duto- in fome
nmw, Scverus* &c. But the greater
number of Dhclcftan^ Cenftwtine, Cc»-
i«»/, Paten, with many of ViBenutu
foftbumiM, Tetrieut) and the thirty Ty -
rants in the Reigue of G&UienM , and fon
C fomc

i8 Hydriotaphiay

fome as high as Adrians have been
found about TftetfordJoT Sitomagus, men
tioned in the itinerary of Antoninw^ as
the way from Venta or Ca/ltr unto Lon-

fto&tb*. *on °' But thc moft frc^ucnt difcovcry
ford the is made at the two Caftcrt by

Romanes ancj rarmoHtb? toVurhcMt and

accoumed

thirty two
miles, and

from thence obfenrednot our common [road to London, butpaffcd
by CombrfteniHm ad 4i»/im, Canonhtm, Cqtromaiuj, Re. by Brtten-
bam, Coggefi*U,CkelmeJord, Burntwood, &c. P MoftatC«/frr by
Ttrrnwh found in a place called E*ft-bloudj-b*rgbf*rhngi belong.
ing to Mr Tbomai Wood, a perfon of civility, induftry and knowledge
in this way, who hath made obfemtion of remarkable things about
htm, and from whom we have received divers Silver and Copper
Coynes, i Belonging to that Noble Gentleman, and true exam
ple of worth Sir Ralph Hare Baronet, my honoured Friend.

Befides,theNirMM0, Saxon zt\A Dwijh

peeces of Cut bred, Cwutus, rttUUm MA-

«Apcececff/'W*a, and others, fom Brittifb Coynes

^m"rc^ °^ 8°^ ^aVC ")CCn ^''Pcir^ty found 5

faldtobe And no fmall number of filver peeces
found in ntst*> NtTmcbi with a rude head upon
the obverfe, and an informed horfeon
therevcrfc, withfn/criptions/^<Z>«r^.7".
whether implying Icem^ Lmrotrigts> TA£
cia, or Triaobantes^ we leave to higher
conje&ure. Vulgar Chronology will
haveN0/wV£Caftleas old as J»li*s Ct-

Vrne-Bwiati.

fir 5 but his diftance from thefe parts,
and its gothick form of ftru&ure, abrid-
gethfuch Antiquity. TheBritffi Coyns
afford conjcdure of early habitation in
thefeparts, though the City of W^rmeb
arofe from the mines of Venta , and
though perhaps not without feme ha*
bitation before, was enlarged, butided,
and nominated by the Saxons. In what
bulk or populoGcy it flood in the old
Eaft-angle Monarchy., tradition and hi-
ftory are filenn Considerable it was in
the DAnijI) Eruptions , when Sueno burnt
JfctfWaidNfcwis and Vlfk*t*l ^e

• *» ii t

Governour thereof, was able to make
fome refinance, and after endeavoured
to burn the Daitifi Navy.

How the Romanes left fo many Coynes
mCouncreysof their Conquefts, feems
of hard refblution, except we canfider
how they buried them under ground,
when upon barbarous invafions they were
fain to defert their habitations in mod
part of their Empire, and the ftriftneffe
of their laws forbidding to transfer them
to any other ufts ; Wherein the d Spartans d ?!«• «•
were fingular, who to make their Copper *
money ufeleQe, contempercd it with vi-

C 2 negar*

2O Hydriotaphia,

negar . That the B rtttatos left any ,foo>e
wonder 5 fince their money was iron,
and Iron rings before Ctfar $ and thofe
of after ftamp by permiffiond and but
fmall in bulk and bignefie; thatfo few
of the Stxons remain, becaufe overcome
by fuccecding Conquerours upon the
place, their Coynes by degrees patted
into other (lamps, and the marks of af
ter ages,

Then the time of thefe Urnes depofi-
ted, or precifc Antiquity of tbefe Re-
liques, nothing of more uncertainty.
For fince the Lieutenant ofcltuJitu fcems
to have made the fir ft progreffc into thefe
farts> fince BoaJtcea was overthrown by
the Forces of 2^ero, and Jgrico/tpat*
full end to thefe Conqucfts; it is not pro
bable the Countrey was fully garrifon'd
or planted before ; and therefore howe
ver thefe Urnes might be of later date,
not likely of higher Antiquity*

And tbefucceeding Emperoursdefift-
ed not from their Conquefts in thefe and
other parts ; as teftified by hiftoty
and medall infcript ion yet extant* The
Province of Brittvn in fo divided a di-
ftance from Rome^ beholding the faces

of

a i

many Imperiall perfons, and in large
account no fewer then Ctfir^ ClauAitu^
-BritAnniwyefrafan) 7/ter, AJria^ Seve
rn t9 Commodus^ Get a, and CaracaSa.

A great obfcurity herein, becaufe no
roedall or Emperours Coyne enclofed,
which might denote the date of their en-
tcrrments. obfervable in manyllrnes,
add found in thofe of Spittle Fields by vcy of
Lotdo*) which contained the Coynes of don'
ClHtdiw^ Pefpapa*, Commodus, Antoniwu^
attended with Lacrvmatories3 Lamps,
Bottles of Liquor, and other appurte
nances of affectionate fuperftition, which
in thefe rurall internments were wan
ting.

Some uncertainty there is from the pe
riod or term of burning, or the ceflati-
on of that pradife. M&crobitis affirmeth
it was difufed in his dayes. But mod
agree, though without autheutick re
cord, that it ceafed with the Antomnr.
Mod fafely to be underftood after the
Reigne of thofe Emperours, which aC-
fumed the name of Antoninus^ extending
unto Htl/ogtfalus. Not ftri&ly after
^ For about fifty years later we
finde the magnificent burning, and con-
C 3 fecration

3 2 Hydriotaphiay

fecrationof5M/frir,f5 and if we Kb fix this
period or ceffation5thcfe Urncs will chal
lenge above thirteen hundred years.

But whether this praftife was onely
then left- by Emperours and great per-
fons, or generally about Rome, and not
another Provinces, we bold noamhen-
tick account. For after TertuUtAn, in the
dayes tfMtnucius it was obvioufly obje-
fted upon Chriftians, that they condem-
ned the pra&ife of burning e* And we

fi°de a Paffagc i° Sido*mfj which af-
ftrteth that pradife in France unto a
awn. Min. lower account. And perhaps not fully
difufed tiU Chriftianity fully eftablilbed,
which gave the finall extinftion to thcfc
fepulcbrall Bonefires.

Whether they were the bones of men
or women or children, no au then tick de-
ctfion from ancient cuftome in diftinfl:
places of burial 1. Although not impro
bably conjedured, that the double Se
pulture or burying place of Abraham^
had in it fuch intenflon. But from exi
lity of bones, thinnefle of skulls, fmall-
ncfleof teethj ribbes, and thigh- bones 5
not improbable that many thereof were
perfons of minor z^p^ or women. Con-

firmable

23

firmable alfo from things contained in
diem: In moft were found fubftances re-
fembting Combes, Plates like Boxes,
fattened with Iron pins, and handfome-
ly overwrought like the necks or Brid
ges of Muficall Inftruments, long braOe
plates overwrought like the handles of
»eat implements, brazen nippers to pull
away hair, and in one a kinde of Of ale yet
maintaining a b!e wilh colour*

Now that they accuftomed to burn
or bury with them, things wherein they
excelled, delighted, or which were dear
unto them, either as farewells unto all
pleafiire, or vain apprehenfion that they
might ufe them in the other world, is te-
ftified by all Antiquity. Obfervable
from the Gemme or Berill Ring upon
the finger of Cynthia 9 the Miftrefle of
Vropcrtiu*, when after her Funerall Pyre
ber Ghoft appeared unto him. And no
tably illuftrated from the Contents of
that Rowane lime preferred by Cardi-
nall Farnefc § , wherein befides gre^t g
number of Gemmes with beads of Gods
and Goddefles, were found an Ape of
Agatb, a Grafhopper , an Elephant of
Ambre3 a Cryftall Ball, three glafles ,
€4 two

2 4 ttydriotapbia ,

twoSpoonesj and fix Nuts of CryftalL
n^ ^ content of tiroes, in
fi. the Monument of Child<rick the firft hs
childtr. an(J fourth King from Pbtramond, cafu-
ally difcovercd three years paftatT0//r~
n*jt reftoringunto the world much gold
richly adorning his Sword, two hundred
Rubies, many hundred Imperial Coyns,
three hundred golden Bees , the bones
and horfefhoe of his horfe enterred with
him, according to the barbarous magni
ficence of thofe dayes in their fepulchral
Obfcquics. Although if we fteer by the
conjecture of many and Septuagint ex-
preffion ; fome trace thereof may be
found even with the ancient Hebrews,
not only from the Scpulcrall treafureof
Dwid, but the circumcifion knives which
J^^alfo buried.

Some men confidering the contenis of
thefeVrnes, lading peeces and toyes in
cluded in them3 and rhe cuftome of burn
ing with many other Nations , might
fome what doubt whether all Vrnes found
among us, were properly Rowane Re-
iiques, or fome not belonging unto our

, Sa von, or Danijh Forefathers.
Infhefovm of Burial J among the an-

cicnc

Vrne-BuriaU.

cient ZrittainS) the large Difcourfes of
fafrr* Tacitut, and Strafa arc Glent : For
ihedifcovery whereof, with other parti
culars, we much deplore the lode of that
Letter which C/cero expefted or received
from his Brother Qttintus^ as a refoluti-
on of Erittifh cuftomes; or the account
which might have been made by Scribo-
wusLargus the Phyfician, accompany
ing the Emperour &***&&, who might
have alfodifcovered that frugal! Bit »of
the Old Bntums^ which in the bigncfle
of a Bean could fatisfie their thirft and
hunger,

But that the Drtid* and ruling Priefts
u fed to burn and bury, is exprefled by
fomponitts 5 That Ecllinus the Brother of

5and King of Brittains was burnt,
is acknowledged by Polydorus% as al(b
by idmAnAui Zierexenjis in H/fteria> and
Pwedtin his Vritver/a, hifaftA. Spanift*
That they held that praflife in giEi^
delivereth* Whether the
( probably defcended from

of like Religion, Language and
Manners) did not fometimes make ufe
of burning ^ or whether at leaft fuch as
were after civilized unto the RomatuYik

and

26 Hydriotaphia,

and manners , conformed not unto this
praftife, we have no hiftoricall aficrtioti
or deniall* But Gnce from the account
ofTacittis the Romanes early wrought fo
much civility upon the Brittifh ftodc,
that they brought them to build Tem
ples, to wear the Gowne, and ftudy the
^manc Laws and language, that they
conformed al fo unto their religious rites
and cuftomes in burials, feems no im
probable conjefture*

That burning the dead was ufed in
Sarmatia, is affirmed by Gaguinus, that
l\\eSueoMsz\\<\GothUnders ufed to burne
their Princes and great perfons, is deli
vered by Stxo and olatis^ that this was
the old Germane pradife, is alfo aflcrted
by Tacitus. And though we are bare in
hiftoricall particulars of fuch obfequics
in this Ifland, or that the Saxons^ Jutes,
and Angles burnt their dead, yet came
they from parts where 'twas of ancient
praftifej the Germane* ufing it, from
whom they were defcended* And even
in Jutland and Slefmc^ in Anglia Cym-
trica^ Vrnes with bones were found not
many years before us4

But the Danifi and Northern Nations

have

have raifcd an Mr A or point of compute
from their Cuftome of burning their
dead: Some deriving it from V*g*i**s+
fome from Frotbo the great $ who or
dained by Law, that Princes and Chief
Commanders fhotild be committed unto
he fire, though the common fort had
be common grave enterrmeot. So star-
ttterw that old Herce was burnt, and
'Jtngo royally burnt the body of HAtdA
ic King flaiq by him.
What time this cuftome generally ex-
>ired in that Nation, we difcern no aflii-
ed period ; whether it ceafed before
^hriftianity, or upon their Converfion,
jy Anfguvius the Gaul in the time of Lu-
ovicus Tins the Sonne of Charles the
;reat, according to good computes 5 or
whether it might not be ufed by fome
erfons, while for a hundred and eighty
ears Paganifme and Chriftianity were
H-omifcuoufly embraced among them,
here is no allured conclufion. About
vhich times the Danes were bufie in E0&-
avd, and particularly infefted this Coun-
rey : Where many Caftles and ftrong
xwds, were built by them, or againft
' and great number of names and

Families

so Hydriotaphitj

Families ftill derived fromtheh*of But
fincethis cuftomc was probably difufeci
before their Invafion or Conqueft, and
the Romanes confeffedly praftifed the
fame, fince their pofleffion of this Ifland,
the moft aflured account will fall upon
the Romanes \ or Brittum Romdniz,cd.

However certain it is, that Vrnes con
ceived of no ROMJM Original! 3 are often
digged up both in Norway, and Denmark^
handfomely defcribcd , and graphically
reprefentcd by the Learned Phyficiati
Worm\us\ , And in fome parts of Den-
m**k in no ordinary number, as ftands
delivered by Authours exaftly defcribing
thofe Countreys m4 And they contain
Cc* not only bones, but many other fub-
ftances in them, as Knives, peeces ofl-

. ron' Braffe and. Wood3 and one of ^

<t*b<tt coiHr, w*y* & brafle guilded Jewes-har p»

*«• Nor were they confufed or carelefle

in difpofiog the nobleft fort, while they

placed large ftones in circle about the

Vrnes, or bodies which they interred :

Somewhat anfwerable unto the Monu-

ment ofRoflricb ftones in EngUnd n,or fc-

fordfliifci pulcrall Monument probaby erefted by

c*mbden. fafo who after conquered Norman

Where

Vrne-KuritU*

Where 'tis not improbable fomewhat
might be discovered. Mean while to
what Nation or perfon belonged that
large Vrne found at ^farie °, contain- <>InChc
ing mighty bones, and a Buckler $ What
thofe large Vrnes found at little Mafing-
m P , or why the Anglefe* Urnes are
placed with their mouths downward,
remains yet undifcovered*

CHAP.

go

CHAP. III.

pLayftered and whited Sepulchres,
A were anciently affected in cadaverous,
and corruptive Burials 5 And the rigid
Jews were wont to garni fh the Sepulchres
of the * righteous 3 Vljjfts in Hecuba1*
cared not how meanly he lived, fo he
might finde a noble Tomb after death*
Great Princes afieded great Monuments
And the fair and larger Urnes contained
no vulgar a flies, which makes that dif
parity in thofe which time difcovereth
among us, The prefent Urnes were
dot of one capacity, the largeft contain
ing above a gallon. Some not much above
half that mcafurc 5 nor all of one figure,
wherein there is no ftrift conformity, in
the lame or different Count reys; Obfer*
vable from thofe reprefemed by Cafi-
tins, Bopo, and others, though all found
in Italy • While many have handles^ars,
and long necks, but moft imitate a cir
cular figure, in a fphericall and round

com-

gt

compofure 5 whether from any myfte-
ry, beft duration or capacity, were but
a conjefture. But the common form
with necks was a proper figure, making
our laft bed like our firft 5 nor much un
like the Urncs of our Nativity, while
we lay in the nether part of the Earth c, *&* •**
and inward vault of our Microcofme*
Many Urnes are red, thefebut of a black
colour, (bmewhat fmooth, and dully
founding, which begat fome doubt,
whether they were burnt, or only baked
in Oven or Sunne : According to the
ancient way, in many bricks, tiles, pots*
and teftaceous works ; and as the word
tetfa is properly to be taken, when oc
curring without addition : And chiefly
intended by Pliny 9 when he commend-
eth bricks and tiles of two years old,and
to make them in the fpring. Nor only
thefe concealed peeces, but the open
magnificence of Antiquity, ran much in
the Artifice of Clay. Hereof the houfe
ofMatfite was built, thus old Jupiter
flood in the Capitoll, and the Statua of
Hercules made in the Reign of Tarqnini*$
was extant in P/^wdayes. And

fucb

P/on.

fuch as declined burning or Funerall
Urnes, affefied Coffins of Clay, accor
ding to the mode of Pythagoras, a way
preferred by Farro> But the fpirit of great
ones was above thefe circumfcriptions ,
affe&ing copper, filver, gold, and?*r-
fbyrie Urnes, wherein Severn lay, after
a ferious view and fen te nee on that
which (hould contain himd« Some of
thefe Urnes were thought to have been
filvered over, from fparkliogs in (everal
pots, with fmall Tinfcll parcels ; uncer
tain whether from the earth, or the firft
mixture in them *

Among thefe Urnes we could obtain
no good account of their coverings^ On
ly one feemcd arched over with fome
kinde of brickwork. Of thofe found at
Euxton fome were covered with flints,
fome in other parts with tiles, thofe at
Yarmouth Cafter, were clofed with Romane
bricks. And fome have proper earthen
covers adapted and fitted to them. But
in the H0mertca&Urt\e ofPatroclw^ what
ever was the folid Tegument, we finde
the immediate covering to be a purple
peece of ftlk .- And fuch as had no co

peecc

V me Bur rait. 33

vers might have the earth clofely prefled
into them 5 after which dilpofure were
probably fome of theft, wherein we
Found the bones and a flics half mortered
unto the (and and fides of the Urae $ and
fome long roots of Quich> or Dogs-grais
wreathed about the bones.

No Lamps , included L quors, Lachry
matories, or Tear-bottles attended thefe
rurall Urnes, either as (acred unto the

nes , or paffionateexpreffions of their
iirviving friends. While with rich
lames, and hired tears they folemnized
heir Obfcquies, and in the moft lament
ed Monuments made one part of their
nfcriptions e. Some findc fepulchrall
/eflcls containing liquors, which time
iath incraflatcd into gel lies. For befide
hefe Lachrymatories, notable Lamps,
with Veflfels of Oyles and Aromaticall
.iquors attended noble Ofluaries. And
bme yet retaining a * Vinofity and
fpirit in them, which if any have tafted
hey have farre exceeded the Palafs of
\ntiquityXiquors not to be computed
>y years of annuall Magnates, but by
;reat conjunctions and the fat all periods
D ofKiug-

34 Hydriotapbiay

f Abc«t fi?c Kingdomesf, The draughts of Coofu-

alfy ^atC ? WCrC kut CrU(*e U0t° f^C»

* and O$imiw 8 Wine but in the muft unto

them.

1° fundry Graves and Sepulchres, we
meet with Rings, Coynes, and Chali
ces; Ancient frugality was fo fevere,
that they allowed no gold to attend the
Corps, but only that which fervedto
1 2. T*b*i. faftcn their teeth **. Whether the Op*-
//^ftoneinthis Urne were burnt upon

thefin8er of the dead» Or caft in.to *c
aft fire by fome aflFeftionate friend, it will

confiftwith either cuftome* But other
incinerable fubftances were found fo
frefli^that they could feel no findgefrom
^re* Tbefeupon view were judged to
be wood, but finking in water and tried
by the fire, we found them to be bone
or Ivory, In their hardnefie and yel
low colour they moft refembled Box,
which in old expreffions found the Epi-
thete* of Etcrnall5 and perhaps in fuch
conferva tor ics might have paflcd uncor-

_

ruptcd.

raj, us. That Bay-leaves were found green in
SH\ iw. lhe Tomb of S.Hwnbcrt k3 after an hun
dred and fifty years, was looked upon

as

Vrne-BnriaU. 3$

as miraculous. Remarkable it was uato
old Spectators, that the Cyprefle of the
Temple ofDiaxa, lafted (b many hundred
years: The wood of the Ark and Olive
Rod of Aawn were older at theCapti*
Vity. But the Cyprefle of the Ark of
Noab, was the greateft vegerable Anti
quity, if Jofephvs were not deceived, by
lome fragments of it in his ctayes* To
omit the Moore-logs, and Firre-trces
found under-ground in many parts of
EngUnd-y the undated ruines of winder
flouds or earthquakes 5 and which in
Flanders (till (hew from what quarter
they fell, as generally lying in a North*
Eaft pofition 1.

But though we found not thefe peeces
to be Wood, according to firft apprc-
henfion, yet we miflcd not altogether
of fome woody fubftance $For the bones
were not fo clearly pickt, but fome coals
were found amongft them ; A way to
make wood perpetual!, and a fit aflb-
ciat for metall , whereon was laid the
foundation of the great fyhejian Temple,
and which were made the lading tefts
of old boundaries and Landmarks;
Wbileft we look on thefe, we admire

Da not

3 6 Hydriotaphia,

not Obfervations of Coals found frefli,
fa of Bmn- after four hundred years™. In along
M. deferred habitation «, even Egge-fhels
° At Elm- have been found frefh> not tending to
corruption.

In the Monument of King Cbitteric^
the Iron Reliques were found all rufty
and crumbling into peecees* But our
little Iron pins which fattened the Ivory
works , held well together, and loft not
their Magneticall quality, though want
ing a tenacious moifture for the firmer
union of parts, although it be hardly
drawn into fufion, yet that metall foon
fubmitteth unto reft and diflblution. In
the brazen peeces we admired not the
duration but the freedome from ruft*
and ill favour; u pont he harde ft attriti
on, but now expo fed unto the piercing
Atomes of ayre 5 in the fpaceof a few
moneths, they begin to fpot and betray
their green entrals. We conceive not
thefe Urncs to have defcended thus naked
as they appear, or to have entred their
graves without the old habit of flowers.
The time of Pbilopamen was fo laden
with flowers and ribbons, that it afford
ed no fight of it felt The rigid L/w-

f*

37

g tu allowed Olive and Myrtle* The A-
tbcnitns might fairly except againft the
pra&ifeof Vemocritwio be buried upio
honey , as fearing to embezzle a great
commodity of their Countrey, and the
beftofthatkinde in Europe. But Pl*&
feemed too frugally politick, who al
lowed no larger Monument then would
contain for fieroick Verfes, and deign
ed the moft barren ground for fepulture :
Though we cannot commend the good-
nefic of that fepulchrall ground, which
was fet at no higher rate then the
mean (alary of -f*das. Though the earth
had confounded the aftes of thefe Offu-
aries, yet the bones were fo fmartly
burnt, that fotne thin plates of braffe
were found half melted among them .•
whereby we apprehend they were not of
the meancft carcafles, perftm&orily fl-
red as fometimesin military, and com
monly in peftilence, burnings* or after
the manner of abjeft corps, hudlcd
ft»th and carelefly burnt, without the *
Eftjuiline Port at l(omt$ which was an £
affront continued upon Ttterws 9 while th
they but half burnt his body *, and in «*
the Amphitheatre, according to thecu- l
D 3 ftome

3 8 Hydriotaphia,

(tome in notable Malefaftore 5 whereas
2{ero feemcd not fo much to feare his
death, as that his head fhould be cut off,
and his body not burnt entire.

nSome finding many fragments of fculs
in thefe Urnes> fufpefted a mixture of
bones ; In none we fearched was there
caufe of fuch conjefture, though fome-
times they declined not that praftife;
*>Sutton.ln The afoes of b Domitian were mingled
vMDomi- wjth thofe of >&*, of Acbittes with
tbofe of Patroclits : All U rnes contain*
ed not finglc afhcs 5 Without confufed
burnings they affectionately compound
ed their bones ; paffionately endeavour
ing to continue their living Unions. And
when diftancc of death denied fuch con-
junftions, undtisfied afteftions, concei
ved fome fatis faftion to be neighbours in
the grave, to lye Urne by Urne , and
touch but in their names. And many
were fo curious to continue their living
relations, that they contrived large, and
v s. the family Urnes, wherein the Ajflbes of their

Snlnd IB- ncarcft friends and kindred might fuc-
worthy ceffively be received c^ at leaft fome par-
eels thereof, while their collateral! me-
inorials lay in minor veflels about them.]

Ann-

Vnte-Bwiatt*

Antiquity held too light thoughts
from Obje&s of mortality* while fome
drew provocatives of mirth from Ana- *sicfrimu
tomies d, and Joglerslhewed tricks with ^^'
Skeleton?. When Fidlers made not fo i/n//mww-
pleafant mirth as Fencers, and men could
fit with quiet ftomacks while hanging
was plakd e before them, Old confide-

barbarous

paftimeatFeafts, when men flood upon a rolling Globe, with their
necks in a Rope, and a knife in their hands, ready to cut it when the
(tone was rolled away, wherein if ihey failed^ they loft their lives to
the laughter of their fpeftacprs Athtnats.

rations mide few mementos by fculs and
jones uoon their monuments* In the
./Egyptian Obelisks and Hieroglyphicall
igurcs it is noteafie to meet with bones*
The fepulchrall Lamps fpeak nothing
efle then fepulture , and in their literall
draughts prove often obfcene and antick
>eeces: Where we finde D.M. f it is ob-
ious to meet with facrificing p*tera*s9
and veflels of libation, upon old fepul
chrall Monuments. |m the Jewifli HJ-

&nm g and fubterranean Cell ac Rome* fi r
pas little obfervable befide the variety of 8

mps, and frequent draughts of the
holy Candlcftick. In authentick draughts
f Anthony and Jerome* we meet with
D4 thigh-

Hydriotapbiay

thigh-bones and deaths heads ; but the
cernuerial) Gels of ancient Chriftians
and Martyrs, were filled with draughts
of Scripture Stories; not declining the
flourilhes of Cyprefie, Palmes, and O
live 5 and the myfticall Figures of Pea
cocks, Doves and Cocks. But iterate!;
afFefting the pourtraits ofEffocb, Ltzarus,
Jott<ts,znd the Vifionof Ezecbiel^s hope*
full draughts, and hinting imagery of the
Rcfurrc&ionj which is the life of the
grave, and fweetens our habitations in
the Land of Moles and Pifmires.

Gentile Infcriptions precifely deliver
ed the extent of mens lives, feldome the
manner of their deaths, which hiftory it
felf fo often leaves obfcure in the records
of memorable perfons. There is (carce
any Philefbpher but dies twice or thrice
in Laertius 5 Nor aim oft any life without
two or three deaths in Plutarch 5 which
makes the tragicall ends of noble per
fons more favourably refentcd by com-
paffionate Readers, who finde fome re
lief in the Eleftion of fuch diffe
rences.

The certainty of dearh is attended
with uncertainties, in time, manner,

places,

Vrne-Buriatt. 41

places. The variety of Monuments hath
often obfcured true graves : and Cenotaphs
confounded Sepulchres. For befide their
reall Tombs, many have found honora
ry and empty Sepulchres. The variety
of Homers Monuments made him of va
rious Countreys. Euripides fr had his
ombin^/r*^ but his (epulture in Mi-
cedonU. And Severn " found his real Se-
pulchre in Ktmey but his empty grave in

He that lay in a golden Urne * emi-
nently above the Earth3 was not like to
findc the quiet of thefe bones. Many of
thefe Urnes were broke by a vulgar di£
coverer in hope of inclofed treafure.
Theafhes oftMarceffus 1 were loft above ipiut./»
ground, upon the like account. Where «fr«4ftr<rii
profit hath prompted^ no age hath want
ed fuch miners. For which the moft
barbarous Expilators found the moft ci- Thc Com<
vill RhetoricK. Gold once out of the miflionof
earth is no more due unto it ; What rh.c Gothifi
was unreaionably committed to the £Sf {*"*
ground is rcafonably refumed from it: finding out
Let Monuments aud rich Fabricks, not
Riches adorn mens afhes. The com-
merccof the living is not to be trrnsfer-

red

42 Hydriotaphia,

red unto the dead .- It is not injuftice
cake that which none com plains tolofc,
and no man is wronged where no man is
pofleflbr.

What virtue yet fleeps in this tend
dAmntt* and aged cinders, were petty
magick to experiment ; Thefe crumb
ling rdiques and long-fired particles fu-
perannate fuch expeditions •* Bones,
hairs^ nails, and teeth of the dead, were
taw* the treafures of old Sorcerers. In vain
wc rcv*ve ^uck pra6Hces 5 Prefcnt fuper-
ftition too vifibly perpetuates the folly
of our Fore- fathers, wherein unto old
oWervation this Ifland was fo corn-
pleat, that it might have inftrufted
Terfia.

Plato's hiftorian of the other world,
lies twelve dayes incorrupred, while his
foul was viewing the large ftations of
the dead. How to keep the corps feven
dayes from corruption by anointing and
wafting, without exenteration 3 were
anhazardable peeceof art3 inourchoi-
feft pra&ife. How they made diftinft
reparation of bones and aflies from fiery
admixture, hath found no hiftoricall fo-
lution. Though they feemed to make a

diftinft

Vne-Buriatt. 43

diftinft collection., and overlooked not
Pyrrhw his toe. Some provifion they
might make by fidile Veflels,Coverhigs,
Tiles, or flat ftones, upon and about the
body. And in the fame Field., not farre
from thefe Urnes, many (tones were
found under ground, as alfo by careful!
feparation of extraneous matter, com*
pofing and raking up the burnt bones
with forks, obfervable in that notable
lump of GAlnmu* ^far*/4/?0j b, who bad
the fight of the VAsV^timm, or veflell
wherein they burnt the dead, found in ex ju*rti**
the Efquiline Field at ^«^, might have
afforded clearer folution. But their in-
fatisfoftion herein begat that remarkable
invention in the Funerall Pyres of fome
rinces, by incombuftible (heets made
s with a texture of Asbeftos> incremable
{ flax, or Salamanders wool, which
their bones and afhes c incom-

*!• €#.4* re-

How the bulk of a man (houldfink
, :o fo few pounds of bones and aflies,
ft pay feem ftrange unto any who confi-
rj Hers not its conftitution, and howflen-
f0.per a mafic will remain upon an open
. a (and urging fire of the carnall compofiti-

on.

44 Hydriotaphia,

on. Even bones themfel ves reduced in
toafhes,doabate a notable proportion
And confiding much of a volatile (alt*
when that is fired out, make a light kind
of cinders. Although their bulkbedif-
proportionable to their weight , when
the heavy principle of Salt is fired out*
and the Earth almoft only remainetb $
Obfervablc in fallow, which makes more
A flies then Oake ; and di (covers the com
mon fraud of felling Afhes bymeafure,
and not by ponderation,

•oidbonc* Some bones make bcft Skeletons a,
according feme bodies quick and fpeedieft afbes :
Sffirf" Who would expcft a quick flame from
young Hydropicall HcrAclttw? The poyfoncd
Sou'dier when his Belly brake, put out
two pyre« in Ptetarcb b4 But in the plague
of Attxm c 9 ode private pyre ftrved
two ^ e^rcc Intruders $ and the Sara-
cem burnt in large heaps, by the King
d Unrest. ofc*ftiledi (hewed how little Fuell fuf-
ficetb^ Though the Funerall pyre of)
Vatrocltb took up an hundred foot e, a
peece of an old boat burnt Pttoptji And
if the burthen of Jftac were fufficient for
an holocauft, a man may carry his owne
pyie.

From

Vrnc-Enriatt. 45

From animals are drawn good burn
ing lights, and good medicines f againft
burnings Though the feminall humour
feeirsof a contrary nature to fire, yet
the body complcated proves a combu-
ftible lump , wherein fire findes flame
even from bones, and fomc fuell aJmoft
from all parts. Though the e Metropo- f Thc ****.
lisof humidity feemsleaftdifpofeduoto ******'
lit, which might render the fculls of
jthefe Urnes lefle burned then other
Ibones* But all flies or (inks before fire
tnoft in all bodies : When the coin-
ion ligament is diflblved, the attenua-
>k parts afcend3 the reft fubfideincoal,
Ixorafhes.
To burn the bones of the King of d £- £Amos 2.1.

for Lyme, feems no irrationall fe-
ity 5 But to drink of the afhes of dead
ationsS a paflionate prodigality. He
hath the aflies of his friend, hath an
irlafting treafure : where fire taketh
ive, corruption flowly enters s In
well burnt, fire makes a wall a-
ift it felf 5 experimented in copels,
ind tefts of metals, which confi ft of fuch
;nts. What the Sun compound-
:h, fire analyfbth^ not tranfmuteth,

That

46 Hydriotapbiay

That devouring agent leaves almoft all-
way es a morfell for the Earth, whereof
all things are but a colonie ; and which,*
if time permits, the mother Element:
will have in their primitive mafle a-
gain.

He that looks for Urnes and old fepul-
chrall reliques, muft not feekthem in
the mines of Temples ; where no Reli
gion anciently placed them. Thefewerq
found in a Field, according to ancient
cuftome, in noble or private buriall;
the old praftife of the CanaanHe^ the
Family of Abraham^ and the burying
place ofJofuA^ in the borders of his pot-
feffions ; and al(o agreeable unto R0ma»
praftice to bury by high- way cs3 where
by their Monuments were under eye:
Memorials of themfelves, and memsnto't
of mortality into living pafiengers;
whom the Epitaphs of great ones were
fain to beg today and look upon them.
A language though (bmetimes ufed, not
fo proper in Church-Infcriptions a. The
fcnfible Rhetorick of the dead, to exem-
plarity of good life, firft admitted the
bones of pious men, and Martyrs within
C hurch- wals , which in fucceediog ages

crept

crept into promifcuous prafiife, White
C**f ****** was peculiarly favoured to be
admitted unto the Church Forehand the
firft thus buried in England was ID the

Chriftians difpute how their bodies wws
fiiould lye in the grave. lo urnall en- four.
tcrrment they clearly efcaped this Con-
troverfie .• Though we decline the Re
ligious confederation, yet in cetniteriall
and narrower burying places, to avoid
confufion and erode pofition, a certain
pofturewere to be admitted; Which e-
vcn Pagan civility obferved, The Per/t-
40s lay North and South, TbeMegori-
**s and Ph&nieiAns placed their heads
totheEaft: The ^ihenians^ foroe thint,
towards the Weft , which Chriftians
ftill retain. And Bed* will have it to be
the pofture of our Saviour. That he
was crucified with his face towards the
Weft, we will not contend with tradition
and probable account ; But we applaud
Dot the band of the Painter, in exalting
his Croflefo high above thofe on either
fide, fince hereof we finde no authen-
tick account in hiftory., and even the
crofles found by Helena pretend no fuch

diftin-

4.8 Hydriotaphia,

diftinftion from longitude or dixnen

To be koav'd out of our graves, to
have our foils made drinking-bo wls, and
our bones turned into Pipes, to delight
and fport our Enemies, are Tragical! a-
bominations, elcaped in burning Bu
rials*

Urnall enterrments, and burnt Re
liques lye not in fear of worms, or to be
an heritage for Serpents; In carnall fe-
pulture, corruptions feem peculiar unto
parts, and fome fpeak of fhakes out of
the fpinall marrow. But while we fup-
pofe common wortnes in graves, 'tis not
eafie to finde any there 5 few in Church
yards above a foot deep, fewer or none
in Churches, though in frefh decayed
bodies. Teeth, bones, and hair, give
the moft tailing defiance to corruption.
In au Hydropicall body ten years bu
ried in a Church-yard, we met with a
fat concretion, where the nitre of the
Earth5 and the (alt and lixivious liquor
of the body, had coagulated large lumps
of fat, into the confluence of the bard-
eft cafHe-foap 5 whereof part remaineth
with us. After a battle with the Ptr*

Vm Buriatt. 49

Ronax Corps decayed in few
dayes, while the P&jiato bodies remain*
ed dry and uncorrupced. Bodies in the
feme ground d o not uniformly diflblve*
jnor bones equally moulder ) whereof
in the opprobrious difea ft weexpeft no
long duration* The body of the Mar*
qaefle of Dor/tt feemed found and hand-
fomely cereclothed5 that after feventy
jdght years was found uncoiruptedc« ™faX/£
Common Tombs prefcrve not beyond whofebo-
powder : A firmer confiftence and com-
jpaRCof pans might be e%peded from A-
|refa(3:ion5 deep buriall o r charcoal* The
greateft Antiquities of mortall bodies cutting o-
may remain in putrified bones ^ where* pen ot the
oft chough we take not in the pHlar of ^4°$
fats wife, or Metamorphofis of or/rfi- lea and

fome may be older then Pyramids^
o the putrified Reliques of the general!

undation* When Alexander opened
he Tomb of Cyrxs, the remaining bones

ifcovered his proportion, whereof ur* proporti-
jnall fragments afford but a bad conje* ^^

pure^ and have this difad vantage of like an

ordinary
jccrps newly to be interred. BMO»J defcriptof letceperfrin* J In his

Vftp of Ruffia,

E grave

$0

grave enter rm ents, that they leave us i g-
norant of moft pcrfonall difcoveries,
For iioce bones afford not only refti-
tude and (lability, but figure unto the
body; It is no impotfible Phyfiog-
nomy to conjefture at flefhy appen-
dcncies; and after what (tape the
mufcles and carnous parts might hang
in their full confidences. A full fpread
Cartel* (hews a wcll-(haped horfe be-
hinde, handfome formed fculls, give
fome analogic of Hefty refemblance, A
criticall view of bones makes a good
diftinftion of fexes. Even colour is
not beyond conje&ure; fince it is hard
to be deceived in the diftindion of 2^>-

•Thc Poet £™'s ^cu'ls- e &***** Charafters are
vanttmhis to be found in fculls as well as faces*
j£rW * Hcnuks is not onely known by his foot.
found glut- Other parts make out their compro-
tons TO portions, and inferences upon whole or
>ndex&> Parfs* And Once the dimenfionsof the

wwted,th«t head meafure the whole body, and the

fee concei

ted ihem to hare been in the Sicgcof Jerufdtm, and that it was cafic
to have difcoTcrcd Hotno or Omo in their faces : M being made by the
two lines of their checks, arching over the Eye brows to the nofe, and
their funk eyes nuking O Q which makes up Omo. Part** foccbitic
gam* cbe ncl vifo dt^li bwmtnt ttgge huomo Bvfhuria aunt

figure

51

figure thereof gives conjefture of the
priacipall faculties; Phyfiognomy out
lives our fel vcss and ends not in out
graves.

Severe contemplators obferving thefe
lading relkjucs, may think them good
monuments of perfons paft, little advan
tage to future beings. And confidering
that power which fubdueth all things un
to it fel£ that can refume the fcattered
Atomes, or identifie out of any thing3
conceive it fuperttuous to expeft a re^
furredion out of Reliques. But the foul
fubfifHnga other matter clothed with due
accidents, may falve the individuality :
Yet the Saints we obferve arofe from
graves and monuments, about the holy
City. Some think the ancient Patriarchs
fo earncftly defired to lay their bones
in 0*044*7, as hoping to make a part of
that Refurre&ion 9 and though thirty
miles from Mount Cahtrj, at leaft to lie

firft- fruits of the dead. And if accord
ing to learned conjefture, the bodies of
men (hall rife where their greateft Re
liques remain, many are not like to errc
in the Topography of their Refurrefti-

£2 on

Hydriotapbia,

on, though their bones or bodies be after

tranflated by Angels into the field of E-
zechtehv\fion,or as fome will order it, in
to the Valley of Judgement, or
phat.

CHAP.

CHAP. IVf

/^Hriftians have handfomdy glofled
V-/ the deformity of death, by careful
confideration of the body, and civil rites
which take of brutal! terminations. And
though they conceived all reparable by
refurreftion, caft not off all care of
enterrment. And fince the aflbes of
Sacrifices burnt upon the Altar of God,
were carefully carried out by the Priefb,
and depofed in a clean field ; fince they
acknowledged their bodies to be the lod
ging of Chrift, and temples of the holy
Ghoft, they devolved not all upon the
fufficiency of foul exiftence ; and there
fore with long fervtces and full folemni-
ties concluded their la ft Exequies ,
wherein a to all diftinftions the Greek
devotion feems moft pathetically cere-

Chriftian invention hath chiefly dri-

at Rites, which fpeak hopes of an-

E 3 other

54

other Hfe3 and hints of a Refurre&ion.
And it the ancient Gentiles held not the
immortality of their better part 9 and
fome fubfiftence after death ; in feverall
rites, cuftomes, adims and cxprcfliom,
they contradicted their own opinions :
wherein Democrats went high, even tc
the thought of a refurre&ion b, asfcof-
c* ^°^y recorded by Pliny. What can be
*!)+• more expreffe than the cxpreffion of
MA- phocjllides c ? Or who would expect
from 1****** d a fcntence of Zccleffaftes*

—. — . t i /- t • /• it i

Before P/4^ could fpcak, the foul had
wings in Ho«r^f, which fell not, but flew
out of the body into the manfions of the
dead 5 who alfoobferved that handfome
diftinflion of Demos and Soma, for the
body conjoyned to the foul and body

truth in jeft, when he faid, that part of
A«4- Hercules which proceeded from^/fAw-
^4 periflied, that from Jupiter remained
immortall. Thus c Secrates was con-
%*£** tent that his friends (hould bury his bo-
dy5 fo they would not think they buri-

lit ffrrton, &c. Lucrcr. * PUio'm Phsd.

ed

Vrw-Buriall

and regarding only his im~
roprtall partj was indifferent to be burnt
or buried* From fuch Confiderations
Agents might conremn Sepulture. And
being fatisfied that the foul could
aotperiftb grow carelefle of corporal!
entcrrment.The Stricfy who thought the
fouls of wife men had their habitation a-
bout the J000#,might make flight account
>f fubterraneous deposition; whereas the
'ythdgorians and tranfcorporating Phi-
olbphers, who were to be often buri-
id, held great care of their enterrcnenr.
\nd the Platonicks rejeded not a due
are of the grave, though they put their
Ihes to unreafonable expeiSations, in

icir tedious term of return and long fet
evolution*

Men have loft their reafonin nothing
o much as their religion, wherein ftones
nd clouts make Marty rs$ and fince the
eligionof onefeems madneflcuntoan*
>thers to afford an account or rational!
»f old Rites, requires no rigid Reader 3
"hat they kindled the pyre averfly,
>r turning their face from it, was an
wodfome Symbole of unwilling miDi-
That they wafced their bones
£4 with

with wine and milk, that the mother
wrapt them in Linnen, and drycd them
in her bofomc, the firft foftering part,]
and place of their nourifhment ; That
they opened their eyes towards heaven J
before they kindled the fire, as the place
of their hopes or original], were no im
proper Ceremonies. Their laft vale-
di&ionf thrice uttered by the attendants
was alfo very folemn, and fomewhat an-
fwercd b7 Chriftians, who thought id
too little., if they threw not the earth
thrice upon the enterred body. That
in fire wing their Tombs the Roinms af-
fefted the Rofe, the Greeks Amtravthi*
and myrtle ; that the Funerall pyre con
fided of fweet fuel! , Cyprefle, Firre,
Larix, Yewe, and Trees perpetually
verdant, lay filent expreffions of their
furviving hopes : Wherein Chriftian»
which deck their Coffins with Bays have
found a more elegant Erobleme* For
that he feemingdead, will reftoreitfelf
from the root, and its dry and exuccoi
leaves refume their verdure again ; whicl
if we miftakt not, we have alfo obfer
in fares. Whether the planting of yew<
in Churchyards^ hold not its original]

fro

Vrw-BwriaU. 57

com ancient Funerall rites, or as an Em**
Jeme of Refurrefiion from its perpe-
ual verdure, may alfo admit conje-
ture*

They made ufc of Mufick to excite or
uiet the affections of their friends, ac
cording to different harmonies. Bat the
ecret and fymbolicall hint was the bar-
monical nature of the foul, which de~
ivered from the body, went again to
njoy the primitive harmony of heaven,
rom whence it fir ft defcended; which
according to its progreffe traced byanti-
uity, came down by Cancer^ and afcend-
w by CafricoYiHts*

They burnt not children before their
eeth appeared, as apprehending their
jodiestoo tender a morfell for fire, and
bat their grfftly bones would fearce
eave feparable reliques after the py-
all combuftion* That they kindled not
Eire in their houfcs forfomedayes after,
vasa ftrid memoriall of the late afflift-
ng fire. And mourning without hope,
hey had an happy fraud againftexcef-
ive lamentation, by a common opinion
hat deep forrows diftiubed their » Tu

That

5 8 Hydriotaphia,

That they buried their dead on their
backs, or in a fupine pofition, feems a-
greeable unto profound deep, and com
mon pofture of dying} contrary to the
moftnaturall way of birth 5 Nor unlike
our pendulous pofture, in thedoubtfull
ftate of the womb. Ditgenes was fin-
gular, who preferred a prone fituation
***jfr- in the grave, and fome Chriftians b like
neither, who decline the figure of reft,
and make choice of an ereft p
fture.

That they carried them out of the
world with their feet forward, not in-
confbnant unto reafon : As contrary un
to the native pofture of man, and his
production fir ft into it. And alfo a-
greeable unto their opinions, while they
bid adieu unto the world, not to look
again upon it; whereas Mthomttwi who
think to return to a delightful! life again,
are carried forth with their heads for
ward , and looking toward their
houfes.

They clofcd their eyes as parts which
firft die or firft difcover the fad effeds
of death. But their iterated clamations
to excitate their dying or dead friend?,

or,

or revoke them unto life again, w*§ a
vanity ofafFeftion$ as not prefumably
ignorant of the critical! teib of death*
by appofition of feathers, glafltes, and
reflexion of figures, which dead eyesie-
prefentaot ; which however not ftrifr-
ly verifiable in freffa and warm cdtkvtrs
could hardly elude the teft, in corps of
tour or five day es.

That they fuck'd in the laft breath of
their expiring friends, was furely a pra
ctice of no medicall inftitution, but a
loofe opinion that the foul pafled out
that way, and a fondnefle of affe&ion
from fome * Pjthagoricall foundation,
that the fpirit of one body pafled into
another; which they wilhcd might be
their own*

That they powred oyleupon the pyre,
was a tderablc praftife, while the inten
tion relied in facilitating the accenfion $
But to place good Omens in tbcquick and
Jpeedy burning, to facrifice unto the
wmdes for a difpatch in this office, was a
low form of fuperftition.

The Arcbimime Or Je&er attending

Funcrall train, and imitating the

Fccches, gefture, and manners of the

de-

60 Hydnrtapbia,

deceafed, was too light for fncbfolem-
nities , contradiaing the r Funerall
Orarions, and dolefull rites of the

' That they buried a peece of money
with them as a Fee of the Elffi*» Pern-
man, was a praftife full of folly.
the ancient cuftome of placing coyne
b confiderable Urnes, and thepttfent
praftife of burying medals m'heNoMe
Foundations of Etrope, are laudable
wayesof hiftoricall difcovenes, in att
ons, perfons, Chronologies i and po-
fterity will applaud them.

We examine not the old Laws ot a
pultnre. exempting certain perfons From
buriall or burning. But hereby we ap
prehend that thefe were not the bone«
of perfons Planet-ftruck or burnt with
fire from Heaven : NoReliquesof Trai-
tors to their Gountrey, Self-killers, or
$acrilegiou8 Malefaaorss
old apprehenfion unworthy of the «r»M
condemned unto the Tartar* , of H
and bottomleue pit of P/dosfrom whence
there was no redemption.

Nor were only manycuftomes qu<
ftionable in order to their Obfequies, but

Vn+Batiaft, 61

aifo fundry pra&ifes, fiftions, and con
ceptions, difcordant or oblcure, of their
ftate and future beings 5 whether umo
eight or ten bodies or men to adde one
of a woman, as being more inflamma
ble, and unftuoufly confthuted for the
better pyrall combuftion, were any w*
tionall praftife: Or whether the com*
plaint of Perianders Wife be tolerable,
that wanting her Funerall burning (he
fuffcred intolerable cold in Hell, accor
ding to the conftitution of the mfcrnall
houfe of Plato , wherein cold makes a
great part of their tortures 5 it cannot
pafle withont fome queftion.

Why the Female Ghofts appear onto
Vlffes, before the Heroes and mafculine
fpirits? Why the Pfycbe or foul of «-
re fas is of the mafculine gender ; who
being blinde on earth lees more then
all the reft in hell 5 Why the Funerall
Suppers confifted of Egges> Beans^Smal-
Iage5 and Lettuce, fince the dead are
tnade to eat Aftbodel* about the Eljzia*
tnedowsf Why fincc there is DO Sacri
fice acceptable,nor any prophiation for
the Covenant of the grave ; men fet up
the Deity of tJMerta, and frui tlefly ado-

red Divinities without ears ? it cannot
efcape fome doubt.

The dead Teem all alive in the hu
mane Hades of Homtr, yet cannot well
fpeak, prophefie,or know the living, ex
cept they drink bloud, wherein is the
life of man. And therefore the fouls of
Penelope's Paramours conduced by Mer-
txrj chirped like bats , and thofe which
followed Hercules made a noife but like a
flock of birds.

The departed fpirits know things part
and to come, yet are ignorant of things
prefent, 4gAmemnonfoi&c\s what fhoul 1
happen uutoVfyffes^ yet igporantly en
quires what is become of his own Son.
TheChofts are afraid of fwords inH*-
mer> yet Sybil* tels JEntas in Vtfgil) the
thin habit of fpirits was beyond the force
of weapons. The fpirits put off their
malice with their bodies, and Ce/ir and
fvtipey accord in Latine Hell, yet Ajax
in Homer endures not a conference with
Vljffes : And Dexphokw appears all man
gled in Virgils Gbofts, yet we meet with
perfeft ftadows among the wounded
ghofts of Homer <

Since Chtron in Luci&n applauds his

condi-

condition among the dead, whether it
be handfomely faid of AchiUe*, that li*
ving contemner of death, that he had
ratherbeaPlowmans femnt then Em-
perour of the dead > How Hercu&s his
foul is in hell, and yet in heaven, and
>/f*r his foul in a Star re, yet feen by
Rneas in hell, except the Ghofts were
but Images and fhadows of the foul, re
ceived in higher manfions, according to
the ancient divifion of body, foal, and
image orJtWHlachrttw of them both, The

Crticulars of future beings muft needs
dark unto ancient Theories, which
Chriftian Philofophy yet determines but
in a Cloud of opinions. A Dialogue b
tween two Infants in the womb concer
ning the ftate of this world, might hand
fomely illuftrate our ignorance of the
oext3 whereof methinks we yet difcourfe
in TUtoes denne D and are but Embrym
Philofophers.

Pythagoras efcapes in the fabulous hell
ofD^/ea3 among that fwarm of Philo-
fopher?, wherein whileft we meet with "
Plato and Swatcs, Cat* is to be found in
no lower place then Purgatory. Among
all the fet, £//^r«/ismoft confiderable,

whom

whom men make honeft without an
Kivm, who contemned life without
couragement of immortality,and makin
nothing after death, yet made nothing o
the Kiog of terrours*
* Were the happinefle of the next worl
as cl ofely apprehended as the felicities
this, it were a martyrdome to live ;
unto fuch as confider none hereafter,
muftbemore then death to dye, whi
y" makes usfemazed at thofe audacities, t
/ durft be nothing, and return into thei
Chaos again. Certainly fuch fpirits
could contemn death, when they
| pefted no better being after, would ha
iJcorned to live had they known any
And therefore we applaud not the judg
ment of Machtivel, that Chrifti
makes men cowards, or that with
confidence of but half dying, the defpi
fed virtues of patience and humility
have aba fed the fpirits of men, whi
Pagan principles exalted, but rather re
gulated the wildenefle of audacities ,
the attempts, grounds, and et email
quels of death 5 wherein men of
boldefl: fpirits are often prodigioufly t
inerarious, Nor can we extenuate t

^valou

valour af ancient Martyrs,, *ho con-
temocd death in the uticamfombte fcfeflc
of their lives 9 and in their decrepfc
Martyrdomesdid probably lofe not ma-
joy moneths of their dayes5 or parted
I with life when it wasfcarce worth the
living. For ( befide that long time: paft
holds no confederation unto a (lender
time to come) they had no ftnall di£
[advantage from the conftttution of old
ige, which naturally makes men fear-»
|full; And complexionally fuperanftua-
ited from the bold and couragious
thoughts of youth and fervent year^
lut the contempt of death from corpo-
rall animofity, promoteth not our fe
licity* They may fet in the Ordtfr
and nobleft Seats of Heaven ^
have held up (baking bands in the
ire, and humanely contended for
lory.

Mean while Epicurtu lyes deep in
#/e's hell, wherein we meet with
*ombs enclofing fouls which denied
their immortalities. But whether the
Irtuous heathen, who lived better then
fpake, or erring in the principles of
F birn*

66

himfelf, yet lived above Philofophers
of more fpecious Maximes, lye fo deep
as he is placed ; at leaft fo low as not
to rife againft Chriftians, who bclee-
viog or knowing that truth, have iaft-
ingly denied it in their praftife and
conver fation, were a quaery too fad to in-
lift on,

But all or moft apprehenfions red
ed in Opinions of /bme future be-
ing, which ignorantly or coldly be-
leeved, begat tbofc perverted concep-
tions, Ceremonies, Sayings, which
Chriftians pity or laugh at. Happy
are they, which live not in that difad-
vantage of time, when men could
fay little for futurity, but from rea-
fon. Whereby the nobleft mindes
fell often upon doubtfull deaths ,
and mebncholly Diflblutions ; With
thefe hopes Socrates warmed his doubt*
full fpirits , againft that cold potion,
and Cat* before he durft give the fa-
tall ftroak fpent part of the night in
reading the immortality of Plato % there
by confirming his wavering hand unto
the animoflty of that attempt,

It

Vrne Buriall.

It is the heavieft ftone that melao-
choly can throw at a man* to tell him
he is at the end of his nature; or that
there is no further ftate to come, un
to which this feetnes progrefiionall,
and otherwife made in vainc 5 With*
out this aecomplifliment the naturall
expe&ation and defire of fuch a ftate,
I were but a fallacy in nature, unfatis-
fied Confiderators 5 would quarrell the
juftice of their conftitwions, and reft
content that Awm had fallen lower,
whereby by knowing no other Origi-
nall, and deeper ignorance of thtm-
felves, they might have enjoyed the
happincfle of inferionr Creatures 5
who in tranquility poflefle their Con-
ftitutions, as having not the appre*
henfion to deplore their own natures.
And being framed below the circum
ference of thefe hopes, or cognition
I of better being, the wifedom of God
hath neceffitatcd their Contentment :
But the fuperiour ingredient and ob-
fcured part of our fclves , whereto
all prefent felicities afford no refttng
contentment, will be able at laft to

F * tell

68 Hydriotaphia,

tell us we are more thcu our prefcnt
(elves 5 and evacuate fuch hopes iia
the fruition of their own accompliffa-
ments.

CHAP.

Vrne-BwiaU. 69

CHAP, V.

NOw fince thefe dead bones have
already out-lafted the living ones of
cthufcltht and in a yard under ground,
and thin walls of clay 3 out-worn all the
ftrong and fpecious buildings above it •,
and quietly refted under the drums and
iramplings of three conquefts 5 What
I Prince canpromife fuch diuturnity un
to his Reliques, or might not glad

* Sic ego cowponi verfits in off* wlim.

Time which antiquates Antiquities, and M/*
bath an art to make duft of all things,
hath yet fpared thefe minor Monuments. , Oracui*
In vain we hope to be known by o- ch«idaica
pen and vifible confervatories, when to
be unknown was the means of their coo-
tinuationand obfcurity their prote&ion :
If they dyed by violent hands, and were
tbruft into their Urnes, thefe bonesfbe-
come confiderable, and fome old Phi-
lofophers would honour athcm> whofe

F 3 fouls

JO Hydriotdpbia ,

fouls they conceived moft pure, which
were thus (hatched from their bodies 5
and to retain aftranger propenfion unto
them : whereas they weariedly left a
languifhing corps , and with faint de-
fires of re-union. If they fell by long
and aged decay, yet wrapt up in thi
bundle of time,thcy fallintoindiftindi-
on, and make but one blot with Infants,
If we begin to die when we live, and
long life be but a prolongation of death 5
our life is a fad competition ; We live
with death, and die not in a moment. *
How many pulfes made up the life of
Metbuftlab, were work for Archimedes:
Pfa?iweof Common Counters fumme up the life
Mofis. of dfc/e/ his man b . Our day cs become
« Accord confiderable like petty fums by minute
andem A- accumulation/ 5 where numerous frafti-
rithmcrfck ons make up but fmall round numbers $

whehre!rd and ?UF ^^ °f a fPan IoD8 makenOt

the little one little finger c.

ri iff If the ncarneflrc of our Iaft necefflty,
<x>n- brought a nearer conformity unto it,
there were a happinefle in hoary hairs,
. and no calamity in half fenfes. But the
fa long habit of living iodifpofeth us for
****** dying

Vrne-Buriall. 71

dying 5 When Avarice makes us the
fport of death ; When even David grew
politick! y cruell 5 and Solomon could
hardly be faid to be the wifcft of men.
But many are too early old, and before
the date of age. Adverfity ftretcheth
our dayes> mifery makes * ^ilcmenas * One
nights, and time hath no wings unto it. night as
But the moft tedious being is that which
can unwifli it felf, content to be nothing,
or never to have been, which was be
yond the «Mfe-contentof jib* who cur
led not the day of his life, but his Na
tivity : Content to have fo farre been, as
to have a Title to future being 5 Although
he had lived here but in an hidden ftate
of life, and as it were an abortion*

What Song die Syrens fang, or what
name ^*chill** adorned when he hid
himfelf among women, though puzling
Queftions are not beyond all conjcfture. krhu unto
What time the perfons of thefe Oflua-
Ties entred the famous Nations of the
dead, and flept with Princes and Coun- in s»tt
fellours, might admit a wide folution* f{£
But who were the proprietaries of thefe Horn.
bones, or what bodies thefe alhes made /«*•

F 4 up,

72 Hydriotapbia,

up, were a queftion above Antiquarifm.
Not to be refolved by man, nor eafily
perhaps by fpirits, except 'we confult
theProvinciall Guardians, or tutellary
Obfervators, Had they made as good
provifion for their names, as they have
done for their Reliques, they had not
fo grofly erred in the art of perpetuati
on. But to fubGft in bones, and be but
Pyramidally extant, is a fallacy in du
ration. Vain afhes, which in the obli
vion of names, perfons, times, and fex-
es, have found unto themfelves, afruit-
Jefle continuation , and only arife unto
late pofterity, as Emblemes of mortal!
vanities 5 Antidotes againft pride, vain
glory, and madding vices. Pagan vain
glories which thought the world might
la ft for ever, had encouragement for
ambition, and finding no Atropos unto
the immortality of their Names, were
never dampt with the neceffity of oblivi
on. Even old ambitions had the advan
tage of ours, in the attempts of their
vain-glories, whoafting early, and be
fore the probable Meridian of time,
have by this time found great accom-

plifh-

pliftment of their ddfignes, whereby
the ancient Heroes have already out-laft-
ed their Monuments, and Mechanicall
prefcrvations. But in this latter Scene
of time we cannot expedt fuch Mum
mies unto our memories, when ambiti- ^msry
on may fear the Prophecy ofElias e, and laft butfix
Chalet the fifth can never hope to live *******
within two Mctbttfelas ofHcffer f, ^Heflors

And therefore reftlefie inquietude for famclaft-
the diuturnity of our memories unto pre-
fen t confidera tions,feems a vanity almoft
out of date, and fuperanuated peece of
folly* We cannot hope to live fo long
in our nimes, as fome have done in their extant,
perfons, one face ofjaxw holds no pro
portion unto the other. 'Tis too late
to be ambitious. The great mutations of
the world are afted, or time may be too
horl for our defignes. To extend our
memories by Monuments, whofe death
we dayly pray for, and whole duration
we cannot hope, without injury to our
expectations^ in the advent of the laft
|day5 were a contradiction to our be-
liefs. We whofe generations are or
dained in this letting part of time, are

provi-

• 0 The
chariftcr
of ckitb.

» Old ones
being ta
ken upland
other bo
dies laid
under them
« Grttfri In-

providentially taken off from fuch i*
imaginations. bAnd eing neccffltatcd to
eye the remaining particle of futurity,
are naturally conftituted unto thoughts
of the next world., and cannot excufa-
bly decline the confederation of that du
ration , which maketh Pyramids pil
lars of (how, and all that's pad a mo
ment.

Circles and right lines limit andclofe
all bodies, and the mortal! right-lined
circles, muft concludeand (hut up all.
There is no antidote againft the Opium
of time, which temporally confidereth
all things ; Our Fathers finde their graves
in our ihort memories, and fadly tell us
how we may be buried in our Survi
vors. Grave-ftones tell truth fcarcc
fburty years h : Generations pafle while
fomc trees ftand, and old Families laft
not three Oaks. To be read by bare
Infcriptions like many in Grater1 9 to
hope for Eternity by ^Enigmatical! E-
pithetes, or firft letters of our names,
to be ftudied by Antiquaries, who we
were, and have new Names given us
like many of the Mummies^ are cold

con-

Ilme-Buriall. 75

confolations unto the Students of per
petuity, even by everlafting Lan
guages.

To be content that times to come
ftiould only know there was fuch a man,
not caring whether they knew more of
him, was a frigid ambition in C*rd***:
difparaging his horofcopal inclination
and judgement of himfelf, who cares **nopto*t
to fubfift like HtpfocrAtes Patients, or
Achilles horfes in H&wer , under na-
ked nominations, without deferts and
noble afts, which are the balfame of
our memories, the Evtelechu and foul
of our fubfiftences. To be namclefle
in worthy deeds exceeds an in famous hi-
ftory« The £*****#$ woman lives
more happily without a name, then H*-
redtAs with one. And who had not ra
ther have been the good theef, then W-
htc?

But the iniquity of oblivion blind ely
fcattereth her poppy, and deals with the
memory of men without diftindion to
merit of perpetuity. Who can but pity
the founder of the Pyramids? Heroftra-
uis lives that burnt the Temple of Di+>

*'*

y)r

Hydriotapbiay

he is almoft loft that built it 5 Time
hath fpared the Epitaph of Adrtms
horfe, confounded that of himfelf. la
vain we compute our felicities by the
advantage of our good names, fince bad
have equall durations ; and Tberf/tes is
like to live as long as Agamemnon^ without
Ihe favour of the everlafting BLegifter :
Who knows whether the beft of men be
known ? or whether there be not more
remarkable perfons forgot, then any
that (land remembred in the known ac
count of time. <? the fir It man had been
as unknown as the laft, and MethufeUbs
long life had been his only Chronicle.
Oblivion is not to be hired : The
greater part muft be content to be as
though they had not been, to be found
in the Regifter of God, not in the record
of man. Twenty (even Names make up
the firft ftory, and the recorded names
ever fince contain not one living Century.
The number of the dead long exceedetb
all that (hall live. The night of time far
furpafleth the day, and who knows
when was the -^Equinox ? Euery houre
addes unto that current Arithmetique,
which fcarce ftands one moment. And

fince

77

fince death muft be the LutinA of life,
and even Pagans could doubt whether
thus to live, were to dye. Since our
longeft Sunne fetsat right defcenfions,
and makes but winter arches, and there
fore it cannot be 1 ong before we lie down
in darkneflc, and have our light in afhes.
Since the brother of death daily haunts
us with dying memento^ and time that
grows old it felfc bids us hope no long
duration; Diuturnity isadrean and fol
ly of expectation,

Darknefle and light divide the courfe
of time, and oblivion (hares with me
mory, a great part even of our living
beings 3 we (lightly remember our feli
cities, and the fmarteft ftroaks of affli-
ftion leave but fbort fmart upon us*
Senfe endurcth no extremities, and for-
rowsdeftroy us or themfelves. To weep
into ftones are fables. Afflictions induce
callofitics, miferies are flippery, or fall
like fnow upou us, which notwithftand*
ing is no unhappy ftupidity. To be ig
norant of evils to come, and forgetfull
of evils paft, is a mercifull provifion in
nature, whereby we digefttbe mixture

of

78

of our few and evil day es, and our de
livered fenfes not relapfing into cutting
remembrances , our forrows are not
kept raw by the edge of repetitions. A
great part of Antiquity contented their
hopes of fubfiRency with a tranfmigra-
tion of their fouls. A good way to con-
tinue their memories, while having the
advantage of plurall fucceflions, they
could not but ad fomething remarkable
infuch variety of beings, and enjoying
the fame of their paiT^d felves, make
accumulation of glory unto their la ft du
rations. Others rather then be loft in
the uncomfortable night of nothing ,
were content to recede into the common
being, and make one particle of the pub*
lick foul of all things, which was no more
then to return into their unknown and
* OflRm t*- divine Originall again. Egyptian inge-
nuity was more unfa tisfied, contriving
thcir bodies in fweet confidences, to at-
tend the return of their fouls. But all
Aril* 1!r was vaoity Ceding * t he winde, and f ol-
sitmuchni. ly- The ^Egyptian Mummies , which
5" A?f* Ca*hfes or time hath fpared, avarice
now confumeth. Mumroie is become

Mer-

Merchandife, J//&rrf/i* cures wounds^and
Phtrdeb is (old for balfbms.

In vain do individuals hope for Im
mortality, or any patent from oblivion,
in prelervations below the Moon : Men
have been deceived even in their flatteries
above the San, and ftudied conceits to
perpetuate their names in heaven. The
various Cofmography of that part hath
already varied the names of contrived
conftellations ; Iftmrod is loft in Oriot,
and Ofyrisin theDogge-ftarre. While
we look for incor ruption in the heavens,
we findc they are but like the Earth ;
Durable in their main bodies, alterable
in their parts: whereof befide Comets
and new Stars, perfpeftives begin to tell
tales. And the fpots that wander about
the Sun, with Vhactons favour, would
make clear conviftion.

There is nothing ftriftly immortall,
but immortality ; whatever hath no be
ginning may be confident of no end.
All others have a dependent being* and
within the reach of deftruftion, which
is the peculiar of that neceflary eflence
that cannot deftroy it felf 5 And the

higheft

80 Hydriotapbia,

higheft ftrain of omni potency to be (b
powerfully conftituted, as not to fuffei
even from the power of it felf . But the
fufficiency of Chriftian Immortality fru-
ftrates all earthly glory, and the quality
of either ftate after death, makes a folly
of pofthumous memory. God who
can only deftroy our fouls, and hath
aflurcd our ref urreftion , either of our
bodies or names hath diredly promifed
no duration. Wherein there is fo much
of chance that the boldeft Expe&ants
have found unhappy fruftration ; and to
hold long fubfiftence, feems but a fcape
in oblivion* But man is a Noble Ani
mal, fplendid in alhe$3 and pompous in
the grave, (blemnizing Nativities ?nd
Deaths with equall luftre, nor omitting
Ceremonies of bravery, in the infamy of
bis nature.

Life is a pure flame, and we live by
an invifible Sun within us. A final! fire
fufficcth for life, great flames feemed
too little after death, while men vainly
affefted precious pyres, and to burn like
Sardanapdlu*, but the wifedom of fune
ral! Laws found the folly of prodigall

blazes,

81

blazes, and reduced undoing" fires, unto
the rule of fober obfequies, wherein few
could be fo mean as not to provide wood*
pitch, a mourner, and an time,

Five Languages fecurednotthe Epi
taph of Gordianu*^ The man of God
lives longer without a Tomb then any
by one, invifibly interred by Angels,
and adjudged to obfcuricy, though not
without fome marks direding humane
difcovery. Enoch and Eliat without
either tomb or buriall 9 in an anoma
lous ftate of being , are the great Ex
amples of perpetuity , in their long
and living memory , in drift account
being ftill on this fide death 9 and
having a late part yet to aft upon this
ftaye of earth. If in the decretory term
of the world we (ball not all dye but
be changed, according to received
translation^ the laftday will make but
few graves $ at leaft quick Refurre-
ftions will anticipate lafting Sepultures;
Some Graves will be opened before
they be quite clofed, and Lazarfu be
no wonder. When many that feared
to dye (hall groane that they can dye

G

Hydriotaphia,

but once, the difmall ftatc is the fccond
and living death, when life puts def pair
on the damned; when men (hall wifii
the coverings of Mountains*, not of
Monuments, and annihilation (hall be
courted.

While feme have ftudied Monuments,
others have ftudioufly declined them :
and fame have been fo vainly boifte-
rous, that they durft not acknowledge
their Graves 5 wherein b Abricm feems
mpft fubtle, who had a River turned
to hide his bones at the bottome. E-
ven Sjtta that thought himfelf fafe in
his Urne, could not prevent revenging
tongues, and ftones thrown at his Mo
nument. Happy are they whom pri
vacy makes innocent, who deal fo with
men in this world, that they are not a-
fraid to meet them in the next,who when
they dye, make no commotion among
the dead,and are not toucht with that po-
i 4. eticall taunt of Jfatah c.

Pjranids, Arches^ obtlitks^ were but
the irregularities of vain-glory ,and wilde
enormities of ancient magnanimity. But
the 'me ft magnanimous refolution lefts

in

Vrne-BHriall* 83

in the ChrifMan Religion, which tram-
pleth upon pride, and fets on the neck of
ambition, numbly purfuing that infalli
ble perpetuity, unto which all others
muft diminifh their diameters, and be
poorly feen in Angles of contingency d«

Pious fpirits who pafled their dayes in
raptures of futurity, made little more of
this world, then the world that was be
fore it, while they lay obfcure in the
Chaos of pre-ordination, and night of
their fore-beings. And if any have been
fo happy as truly to underftand Chrifti-
an annihilation, extafe, exolution, iique-
fadion, transformation, the kifle of the
Spoufe.guftationofGod, and ingreffion
into the divine (hadow, they have alrea
dy had an handfome anticipation of hea
ven 5 the glory of the world is furelyo-
ver, and the earth in aflbes unto them.

To fubfiftin lading Monuments, to
live in their productions, to exift in their
names, and predicament of chymeras,
was large fatisfaftion unto old expediti
ons, and made one part of their Efyzi-
WHS. But all this is nothing in the Meta-
phy ficks of true belief To live indeed

G a is

84 Hydriotaphia,

I in Paris is to be again oar felves, which bring not

di^foon" on y aa P6 kat an e^ence i11 n°ble

coofame. beleevcrs ; Tis all one to lye in S* luno-

f A ^lately centt* Church-yard, as in the Sands of

OTfcpai-W JEj/p*: Ready to be anything, in the

chrdpyie extafie of bring ever, and as content
with fix foot as the Moles of Adri-

Romt, AMU*
where now
ftandeth
tbeCaftk

Totes tie ctdtverafolvot
An fognsbwd refcrt.

THE

Qyii Qw

rtctuj

THE

GARDEN

OF

c r « v s.

OR,

The Quincunciall, Lozenge,

or Net-work Plantations

of the Ancients, Artificially

Naturally, Myftically

Confidcred.

BY

Thomas 'Brom D. of Phyfick

Primed in the Year,

The (jarden of Cyrus.

OR,

The Q^ncunciall, Lozenge,
or Net-work Plantations of the
Ancients., Artificially, Na
turally, My ftically confidered.

CHAPTER L

I Hat Vulcan gave arrows unto
Apollo and Diana the fourth
day after their Nativities, ac
cording to Gentile Theology,
may paffe for no blinde apprehenfion of
the Creation of the Sunne and Moon,
in the work of the fourth day 5 When
thediffufed light contracted intoOrbes,

and

90 CyrtM-Gardctt, Or

and (hooting rayes, of thofe Lumina
ries. Plainer Defcriptions there arc
from Pagan pens, of the creatures of
*platoin the fourth day 5 While the a divine Phi-
lofopher nnhappily omitteth the nobleft
part of the third ; And Ovid ( whom
many conceive to have borrowed his
defcription from Mofis} coldly dcfert-
ing the remarkable account of the text,
in three words b 5 defcribeth this work
Qf 11^ th}r(j <jay . tjje vegetable creati
on 3 andfirfl ornamental! Scene of na
ture 5 the primitive food of animals, and
firftftory of Phyfick, in Dietetical con-
fervation.

For though Phyfick may plcade high,

from thatmedicall aft of God, in caft-

ing fo deep a fleep upon our firft Pa-

« £* w, rcnt I ^n^ Chirurgery cfindeits whole

in opening art5 in that one paflage concerning the

the-fleih. ' Rib of Adam, yet is there no rivality

linking with Garden contrivance and Berbery*

out the rib. For if Paradife were planted the third

^fiT'u11 day of the Creation> as wifer Dfrfofry

thepalt^ concludcth, the Nativity thereof was

again. too early for Horofcopie 5 Gardens were

before Gardiners, and but fome hours

after the earth.

(X

e Quincunx.

Of deeper donbt is its Topography,
and local! defignation, yet being the pri
mitive garden, and without much d con- d For feme
troverfie feated in the Eaft 5 it is £££
more then probable the firft curiofity, ambiguity
and cultivation of plants, moft fiourifh- of the word
ed in thofe quarters. And fince the Ark JJS^
of^oah firft toucht upon fome moun- orieute or a
tains of v4rmenuy the planting art arofe
again in the Eaft, and found its revolu
tion not far from the place of its Nati
vity, about the Plains of thofe Regions.
And if Zoroafter were either Chant, Cbusy
or Mizraiat) they were early proficients
therein, who left (as Pliny delivereth) a
work of Agriculture,

However the account of the Penfill or
hanging gardens yf Babylon > if made by
SemiramU) the third or fourth from Nim-
rob is of no (lender antiquity 5 which
being not framed upon ordinary levell
of ground, but railed upon pillars, ad
mitting under- paffages;, we cannot accept
as the fitft Babylonian Gardens 5 But a
more eminent progrefsand advancement
in that art, then any that went before it :
Somewhat anfvvering or hinting the old
Opinion concerning Paradife it felfi with

many

9 a Cyrus-Garden, Or

many conceptions elevated, above the
plane of the Earth,

Nebucbodovofor whom fome will have
to be the famous Syrian King of Di odo-
rut, beau tifully repaired that City ^ and
fo magnificently built his a banging gar*
dens 5 that from fuccecding Writers he
had the honour of the firft* From
whence over-looking Bafylon, and all
the Region about it, he found no cir-
cumfcription to the eye of his ambition,
rill over-delighted with the bravery of
this Paradife; in his melancholy meta-
morphofis, he found the folly of that
delight, and a proper punifb mem, in the
contrary habitation, in wilde plantations
and wandrings of the fields*

The Perfi*n Gallants who dcftroyed
this Monarchy, maintained their Bota-
nicall bravery * Unto whom we owe
the very name of Paradife: wherewith
we meet not in Scripture before the time
tf Solomon i and conceived originally
ferfian. The word for that difputed
Garden, expreffing in the Hebrew no
more then a Field cnclofed, which from
the fame Root is content to derive a gar
den and a Buckler*

Cjrtu

*fhe Quintunx. 93

Cytm the elder brought up in Woods
and Mountains, when time and power
enabled, purfued the diftate of his edu
cation, and brought the treafures of the
field into rule and circum-fcription. So
nobly beautifying the hanging Gardens
of tittyon, that he was alfo thought to be
the authour thereof*

Ahafnerw (whom many conceive to
have been Artaxerxes Longi-mAnta ) in
the b Countrey and City of Flowers, *>sufan fa
and in an open Garden, entertained his
Princes and people, while raftbimore
modcftly treated the Ladies within the
Palace thereof.

But if C as fome opinion) King Ahafu-
eru* were Artaxerxes Mnemon^ that found
a life and reign anlwerable unto his great
memory} our magnified Cyrta was his
fecond Brother : who gave the occafion
of that memorable work^ and almoft
miraculous retrait of Xejtopkon. A per-
fon of high fpirit and honour, naturally
a King, though fatally prevented by the
harmlefle chance of /w5-geniture : Not
only a Lord of Gardens, but a manual!
planter thereof: difpofing his trees like
his armies in regular ordination. So

that

™

94 CyrHS»Garden> Or

that while old Laertas hath found a name
in Homer for pruning hedges, and clear*
ing away thorns and bryars 5 while King
Attalu* lives for his poy fonous plantati
ons of Atonitet , Henbane, Hellebore,
and plants hardly admitted within the
walls of Paradife} While many of the
Ancients do poorly live in the (ingle
names of Vegetables ; All ftories do look
uoonCjftKf, as the fplendid and regular
planter.

According whereto Xenofhcn defcri-
betjj h\s gallant plantation at Sardis,
«K*A*VV thus rendredby^re^^. * Ar fores p*-
^i&v}&y rnntervattojitaS) reSos ordines, & omnU

Jj5j^/«3pi^^ Which

v*,o$faijk we (hall take for granted as being ac-
Wv'jff cordingly rendred by the moft elegant
/?»?,£= of the * Latines 5 and by no made term,
AJrt*, A but in ufe before by rarro. That is the
™j****m rows and orders fo handforaly difpofcd;
( cicero ia or five trees fo fet together^ hat a regular
CM. Major, angularity, and through profpeft, was
left on every fide, Owing this name not
only unto the Quintuple number of
Trees, but the figure declaring that num
ber, which being doubted at the angle,
makes up the Letter PC, that is the Em-

pbaticall

The QuincHnx* 95

phaticall decuflation, or fundamental!
figure.

Now though in fome ancient and
modern pra&ice the area or decuflated
plot, might be a perfeft fquare, anfwer-
able to a Tufctn PecleflaS, and the <%nm-
quernio or Cinque-point of a dye $ where- .
10 by Diagonal! lines the interfeftion
was regular 5 accomodable unto Plan
tations of large growing Trees 5 and we
muftnot deny our fclves the advantage
of this order 5 yet (hall we chiefly in- ..
fift upon that of 8 Curtm and Pert*, in ^J|
Iheir brief description hereof. Wherein
the decnffis is made within a longilacerall
fquare5 with oppofite angles, acute and
obtufe at the interfefticn 5 and fo upon
progreffion making a Rhombus or Lo
zenge figuration, which feemeth very
agreeable unto the Originall figure 5 An-
fwerable whereunto we obferve the de
cuflated characters b many confulary
Coynes, and even in thofe of Confttntinc
and his Sons, which pretend their pat*
tern in the Sky 5 the crucigerous En-
figne carried this figure, not tranfverly
or redangularly interfered , but in a
decuflationj after the form of an An
drew

9 6 Cyrus-Gar deny Or

Ate AH or Burgundiw croft, which anfwet-
cth this defcription*

Whereby the way we (hall decline the
old Theme, fo traced by antiquity of
erodes and crucifixion : Whereof fome
being right, and of one fingle pccce
without traverfionor tranfome, do lit*
tie advantage our fubjeft, Nor (hall
we take in the myfticall Tw, or the
Crofle of our blefled Saviour , which
having in fome defcriptions an Swpedtn
or eroding foot-ftay, made not one fin
gle tranfverfion. And fince the Learn
ed LfpJiiM hath made fome doubt even
of the Crofle ofSc d%drew% fince fome
Martyrologicall Hiftories deliver his
death by the general! Name ofa crofle,
and Hippelitits will have him fuffer by
the fword 5 we (hould have enough to
make out the received Crofle of that
Martyr* Nor fliall we urge the IA\>I-
rum^ and famous Standard of Contfw-
tine., or make further ufe thereof, then
ns the firft Letters in the Name of our
Saviour Chrift, in ufe among Chrifti-
/'- ans, before the dayes of Conflantm^ to
be obfervedin* Sepulchral Monuments
Sotterrant*. of Martyrs3 in the Reign of Adrian^ and

Antoninus^

The Quincunx.

Antoninus ; and to be found in the An*
tiquities of the Gentiles,, before the ad
vent of Chrift, as in the Medall of King
Ytolomy^ figned with the fame characters,
and might be the beginning of fome
word or name, which Antiquaries have
not hit on.

We will not revive the myfterious
crofles of &gypt, with circles on their
heads, in the breaft of Serapis, and the
hands of their Geniall fpirits, not unlike
the character of Ventu^ and looked on
by ancient Chriftians, with relation un
to Chrift, Since however they firft be
gan 5 the ^Egyptians thereby exprefled
the procefle and motion of the fpirit of
the world, and the diffufion thereof up- fome what
pntheCeleftiall and Elemental! nature 5
imply ed by a circle and right-lined in-
terfeftion. A fecret in their Telefmes
and magicall Chara&ers among them, banns*
Though he that confidereth the b plain
erode upon the head of the Owl in the
Laterane Obelisk3or the c crolle erefted
upon a picher diffufing ftreams of water 7/ ^
intotwobafins, with fprinkling branch- Ritihus.
es in them, and all defcribed upon a *•$*»?**

L 1*1 t T t« i Tnonfante

two^fcoted Altar 3 as in the Hierogly-
H phicks

98 CyrHS-Garden> Or

phicks of the brafen Table of

will hardly decline all thought of Chri-

ftian fignality in them.

We (ball not call in the Hebrew Ten*-
pba, or ceremony of their Oblations, wa
ved by the Prieft unto the four quarters
of the world, after the formofacrofs;
as in the peace-offerings* And if it were
clearly made out what is remarkably de
livered from the Traditions of the Rab
bins, that as the Oyle was powred co
ronal ly or circular lly upon the head of
Kings, fo the High-Prieft was anointed
decuflfeti vely or in the form of a X 5
though it could not efcape a typicall
thought of Chrift, from myfticallcon-
fiderators; yet being the conceit is He
brew, wefhould rather expeftits veri
fication from Analogy in that language,
then to confine the fame unto the uncon
cerned Letters of Greece^ or make it out
by the chara&ers of Cadmus or Pa/a-
medcs.

Of this Quinciraciall Ordination the
Ancients praftifed much difcourfed lit-*
tie ; and the Moderns have nothing en
larged; which he that more nearly con-
fidercth, in the form of its fquare RA0

The Quincunx. 99

and decuflation, with the feverall
commodities, myfteries, parailelifmes,
and refemblances, both in Art and Na-
ture3 fliall eafily difcern the elegancy of
this order*

That this was in fbme wayesof pra-
ftice in diverfe and diftant Nations, hints
or deliveries there are from no {lender
Antiquity. In the hanging Gardens of
"Babjlon , from Abydenvs, Enfebtw^ and
others, d (f»r/;^fdefcribeth this Pujleof '
decuflation. In the memorable Garden
of Alcinow anciently conceived an origi-
nail phancy , from Paradile, mention
there is of well contrived order 5 Fcrfo
bath Didymw and EuH&chiu* expounded
the cmphatical word. 'Diomcdes defcri-
bing the Rurall poffeffions of his father,
gives account in the fame Language of
Trees orderly planted. And Vfyffcs
being a boy was promifed by his Father
rburty Figge-trees, and fifty c rows of
Vines producing all kinde of grapes.

That the Eaftern Inhabitants oflKelt*9 to**
made ufe of fuch order, even in open *4*™&9
Plantations, is deducible from Theofhra- p£^-mM
ftus } who defcrribing the trees whereof Phfloxenu*
they made their garments, plainly deli-
H i vereth

loo CyrHt-Garden, Or

vercththat they were planted wl* op £8^
and in fuch order that at a diftance men
would miftake them for Vineyards. The
fame feems confirmed in Crcccefrom a 1
fingular expreffion in f Ariftotlc concern-
ing the order of Vines, delivered by a
military term reprefenttog the orders
of Souldiers, which alfoconfirmeth the (
antiquity of this form yet ufed in vineall
plantations.

That the fame was ufed in Latine plan
tations is plainly confirmed from the
commending penne of FJirr*, Quinti-
lian, and handfome Defcription of

i Induce or- g/r/rg//.

That the firft Plantations not long af-
ter the Floud were difpofed after this
manner, the generality and antiquity of
this order obferved in Vineyards, and
^^ne plantations, affbrdeth fomecon-
jefture. And fmcc from judicious en
quiry, Saturn who divided the world
between his three ftones} who beareth a
Sickle in his hand, who taught the plan
tations of Vines, the fetting, grafting
of trees, aud the beft part of Agricul
ture, is difcovered to be 2{o* h , whe
ther this early difperfed Husbandry in

Vine-

the Quincunx. !Oi

Vineyards, had not its Original! in
that Patriarch, is no fuch Paralogicall
doubt.

And if it were clear that this was u-
fed by Ifyab after the Floud, I could
jeafily beleeve it was in ufe before it ;
[Not willing to fix fuch ancient inventi
ons no higher originall then Noah $ Nor
readily conceiving thofe aged Heroes,
whofediet was vegetable, and only, or
chiefly confided in the fruits of the earth,
were much deficient in their fplendid
cultivations ; or after the experience of
| fifteen hundred years, left much for fu
ture difcovery in Bitanicall Agriculture*
Nor fully perfwaded that Wine was the
invention of 2(oah9 that fermented Li
quors, which often make themfelvea, fo
long efcaped their Luxury or experi
ence; that the fir ft fitiie of the new
world was no fin of the old. That CM*
and A\td were the firft that offered Sa
crifice*, or becaufe the Scripture is fi-
lenc that Adam or If*ac offered none
at all*

Whether Abakan* brought u? in the

firft planting C3uatrey, obferved not

fome rule hereof, when he planted a

H j grove

I O3 CyrHj-Gardetr, Or

grove at Beer-ftefa 5 or whether at leaft

a like ordination were not in the Garden

of Solomon , probability may con reft.

Anfwerably unto the wifedom of that

eminent Botanologer, and orderly difpo-

fer of all his other works. Efpccialfy

fince this was one peece of Gallantry,

wherein he purfucd the fpecious part of

felicity, according to his own defcrip-

tion. I made me Gardens and Orchards,

and planted Trees in them of all kindcs

Eccjcf. a. of fruit. I made me Pools of water, to j

water therewith the wood that bringeth

forth Trees, which was no ordinary!

plantation, if according to the Tareuw,

or CttUee Pifafbrafs^ it contained all

kindes of Plants, and fome fetched as

far as IndU j And the extent thereof

were from the wall of Jerufalcm unto the \

water of Silo A.

And if Jordan were but J**r £//e^that
is, the Riuer of Eden, Gemtftr but <j*nfar
or the Prince of Gardens; and it could
be made out, that the Plain of Jordan
were watered not comparatively, but
caufally, andbecaufeit wastheParadife
ofGocJ' as fhe ^earned * Jbram* hint-
" eth, he was not far from the Prototype

and

The Quincunx. 103

and original! of Plantations. And fince e-
ven in Paradife it felf, the tree of know
ledge was placed in the middle of the
Garden, whatever was the ambient fi
gure, there wanted not a centre and rule
of decuflation. J Whether the groves and
facredPlantations of Antiquity ,were not
thus orderly placed, either by qnatermos^
or quintuple ordinations, may favoura
bly be doubted* For fince they were fo
methodical! in the conftitutions of their
temples, as to obferve the due fcituatiofi,
afpeft, manner, form, and order in Ar-
chiteftonicall relations, whether they
were not as diflinft in their groves and
Plantations about them, in form andjf^-
cies refpe&ively unto their Deities, is not
without probability of conjetf ure,And ia
their groves of the Sunne this was a fit
number , by multiplication to denote
the dayes of the years and might Hie-
roglyphically fpeak as much, as the my-
fticall State* of d fanus in the Lan- d which
guage of his fingers. And fince they £D
were fo criticall in the number of his hisfingcrs
horfes, the ftrings of his Harp, and £a
rayes about his head, denoting the orbes numerical-

Of ty <ten<*ed
365 PHiy.

104 Cyrus-Garden^ Or

of heaven, the Seafoos and Moneths

of the Yearc ; witty Idolatry would

hardly be flat in other appropria
tions.

CHAP.

105

CHAP, II.

NOr was this only a form of pra&ife
in Plantations, but found imita
tion from high Antiquity, in fundry ar
tificial! contrivances and manuall opera
tions. For to omit the pofition of fqua-
red ftones, cuntatim or wedgwife in the
Walls of Roman and Gothic^ buildings;
and Aclitbiftrtf* or figured pavements
of the ancients, which confifted not all
of fquare ftones, but were divided into
triquetrous fegments, honey-combs,and
fexangular figures, according to Vitwvi-
»/jThe fquared ftones and bricks in anci
ent fabricks, were placed after this or
der. And two above or below con-
joyned by a middle ftone or Plinthus,
obfervable in the ruines of Forum N^r-
v<f , the tMaufolcnm of tsfuguftts 9 the
Pyramid of Ceftius 9 and the fculpturc
cfraughtsof the larger Pyramids of^E-
gypt. And therefore in the draughts
of eminent fabricks, Painters do com
monly

106 Cyrus-Garden^ Or

monly imitate this order in the lines of
their defcription.

In the Laureat draughts of fculpture
and pifture, the leaves and foliate works
are commonly thus contrived, which is
but in imitation of the Pulvinaria^ and
ancient pillow-work, obfcrvable in /c-
mck peeccs, about columns, temples and
altars. To omit many other analogies,
in Architeftonicall draughts, which art
ofaflro- lt felf *s founded upon b fives, as having
fire its fubjeft, and mod gracefull peeces
divided by this number,

parietet, 4-

prtKr*, Comftrthio, ttflum, Leo. Albert*. Five Columcs, Tufcitt.D^
rick, lonick* Corinthian , Compound. Five different intercolumniati-

. Vitru.

The Triumphal Oval, and Civfcall
Crowns of Laurel^ Oake, and Myrtle,
when folly made, were pleated after
this order. And to omit the croffed
C rowns of Chriftian Princes; what fi
gure that was which Jinaftatius defcri-
bed upon the head of Leo the third 5 or
who nrft brought in the Arched Crown;
That of Charles the great, (which feems
the firft remarkably clofed Crown,) was

framed

The QuincHnxArtificiaUy Cohftdered 1 07

framed after this c manner ; with an in- *vn ecu.
terfe&ion in the middle from the main fl***p*r-
crofling barres, and the interfpaces, unto S5?^i»
the frontal circle, continued by hand- *»B. R.
fome network-plates, much after this or- JjJJJ^1*
der. Whereon we (hall not infift, be- strri*.
caufe from greater Antiquity, and pra-
fticeof confecration, we meet with the
radiated, and ftarry Crown, upon the
head of Augufiu^ apd many fucceeding
Emperors. Since the Armenians and
Parthians had a peculiar royallCapp;
And the Grecians from Alexander ano
ther kinde of diadem. And even Dia
dems themfelves were but fafciations,
and handfome ligatures, about the heads
of Princes 5 nor wholly omitted in the
mitrall Crown, which common pi&ure
fcems to fet too upright and forward up.
on the head of Aaroni Worne fome-
timesfingly, or doubly by Princes, ac- Mtar.i:n.
cording to their Kingdomes 5 and no
more to be expected from two Crowns
at once, upon the head of Ptlony. And
fo eafily made out when biftorians tell
us, fome bound up wounds, fome hang-
cd themfelves with diadems*

The

io8 Cyrus-Garden^ Or

The beds of the antients were corded
fomewhat after this faftiion : That is not .
diredtly, as ours at prefent,but oblique
ly, from fide to fide, and after the man
ner of network 5 whereby they ftrength-
ened the fpondas or bedlides, and fpent
lefs cord in the work : as is demonft rate d
by c Blanc anw.

And as they lay in croffed beds, fo
they fat upon feeming croflelegg'd feats:
in which form the nobleft thereof were
framed : Obfervable in the triumphall
feats, the fella curulis, or ^£djle Chayrtsy
in the coyns of Ctjtuisy Sylla, and Juliw.
That they fat alfo croflfe legg'd many no
ble draughts declare 5 and in this figure
the fitting gods and goddeffes are drawn
in medalls and medallions. And befide
this kinde of work in Retiarie and hang
ing textures, in embroderies, and emi
nent needle-works 5 the like is obvious
unto every eve in glals-wlndo ATS. Nor
onlyinGlalfie contrivances, but alfo in
Lattice and Stone- work, conceived in
the Temple of Sokmw^ wherein the
windows are termed feaeftr* reticulauy
or lights framed like nets. Aad agreea
ble

The Quincunx Artificially Confidtred 109

ble unto the Greek exprcffion concerning
Chrift in the «n Canticles, looking
through the nets, which ours hath ren
dered, he looketh forth at the windows,
{hewing himfelfe through the lattejOfe ;
that is, partly feen and unleen, accor
ding to the vihble andinvifible fide of
his nature. To omit the noble reticulate
work, in the chapters of the pillars of
Solomon, with Lillies, and Pomegranats
upon a network ground $ and the Crati-
cula or grate through which the afties
fell in the altar of burnt offerings.

That the networks and nets of antiqui
ty were little different in the form from
ours at preient, is confirmable from the
nets in the hands of the Retiarie gladia
tors, the proper combatants with the fe-
cutores. To omit the ancient Conopei-
onorgnatnet,ofthe Egyptians, the in
ventors of that Artifice : the rufhey la
byrinths of Theocritus $ the nofcgaynets,
which hung from the head under the no-
ftrils of Princes 5 and that uneafie meta
phor of Reticulum Jecoris, which fome ex
pound the lobe, we the caule above the
liver. As for that famous network of

no Cyrus- Garde*, Or

VuIcWy which inclofed Mars and

jjjjjjjtf . and caufcd that unextinguifhable laugh

!• y*H»<. " in heaven 5 fince the gods themlelves

**•*• could not diicern it, we (hall not prie

into it 5 Although why Vulcan bound

them, Neptune loofed them, and Avollo

fhould firft difcover them, might afford

no vulgar mythologie. Heralds have

not omitted this order or imitation

thereof, whiles they Symbolically a-

dorn their Scuchions with Mafcles Fu-

filsandSaltyrs, and while they difpofed

the figures of Ermins, and vaired coats

in this Quincuncial method.

The fame is not forgot by Lapidaries
while they cut their gemms pyramidal
ly, or by aequicrural triangles. Per-
fpedive piftures, in their Bale, Horifon,
and lines of diftances, cannot elcape thefe
Rhomboidall decufTations. Sculptors
in their ftrongeft (hadows, after this
order do draw their double Hachcs. And
the very Americans do naturally fall up
on it, in their neat and curious textures*
which is alfo obfervcd in the elegant ar
tifices of Eurtpe. But this is no law un
to the woof of the neat Ret uric Spider^

which

The Ouittcwix Artificially Confzdcred HI

which fecms to weave without tranfver-
fion^ and by the union of right lines to
make out a continued furface, which is
beyond the common art of Textury,
and may ftill nettle Minerva the Cod- As in the
deflfe of that myftery. And he that b~n°a
(ball hatch the little feedsD either found Mintna
in fmall webs, or white round Egges, *"d Ar'cb~
carried under the bellies of fotne Spi
ders, and behold how as their firft pro-
duftion in boxej, they will prefently fill
the fame with their webbs, mayobferve
the early, and untaught finger of nature,
and how they are natively provided with
a ftock , fufficient for fuch Tex
ture.

The Rurall charm againft Dodder •> Tet
ter, and ftracgling weeds^ was contri
ved after this order, while they placed a
chalked Tile at the four corners, and
one in the middle of their fields, which
though ridiculous in the intention, was
rational! in the contrivance, and a good
way to diffufe the magick through all
parrs of the <^>&e*.

Somewhat after this manner they or
dered the little ftones in the old game of

Cyrus-Garden, Or

t) or carting up five (tone*
to catch them on the back of their hand*
And with fome refemblance hereof, the
Prod or Prodigall Paramours difpofed

u their mcn' w.hcn thcy p'ayc<* ac b Pcne~

lope. For being thcmfelves an hundred
and eight, they fet fifty four (tones on ei
ther fide, and one in the middle, which
they called Penelope^ which he that hit
was mafterof the game.

In CheflTe-boards and Tables we yet

finde Pyramids and Squares, I wifli we

had their true and ancient defcription ,

farre different from ours, or the Cbetmat

of the Perfians^ and might continue (bine

elegant remarkablcs 3 as being an inven-

PUt0t tion as High as Hermes the Secretary of O-

ffris, figuring the whole world, the moti*

on of the Planets, with Eclipfes of Sunne

and Moon.

Phyficiansarenot without the ufe of
this decuflation in (everall operations, in
ligatures and union of diflblved continui
ties* Mechanicks make ufe hereof in
forcipall Organs3 and Inftruments of In-
cifion ; wherein who can but magnifie
the power of decuflation, infervient to

coo-

Roman

1 1 4. Cyru*-Gardeny Or

ROM** battle. By this Ordination they

** mn cz: czzi czzi i — i

r- CZZI CZD CZZI CZZI

readily fell into each other ; the Hafla*
ti being prefled, handfomely retired in
to the intcrvalls of the principcs^ thefe
into that of the Trfcr*, which making
as it were a new body, might joyntly re
new the battle, wherein confifl-ed the
fecret of their fuccefles. And therefore
^ was remar^ably c fingular in the bat
tle of A fr tea, that Scipto fearing a rout
from the Elephants of the Enemy, left
not the Principes in their alternate di fian
ces, whereby the Elephants paffing the
vacuities of theHaJfati, might have run
upon them, but drew his battle into

right

Tike Quincunx Artificially Confidtrccl \ 1

right order, and leaving the paffages
bare, defeated the mifchief intended by
the Elephants. Out of this figure were
made too remarkable forms of Battle,the
Ctwetts and Forceps^ or the flieare and
wedge battles , each made of half a
T(ho?nbu*9 and but differenced by pofi-
tion. The wedge invented to break or
work into a body, tticftrceps to environ
and defeat the power thereof, compo-
fed out of the felefteft Souldiery and
difpofed into the form of an V, where
in receiving the wedge, it inclofed it on
both (ides* After this form the famous
d 2{a&t ordered his battle againft the
TratuQi and by this figure the tdlmans
were enclofcd, and cut in peeces.

The Rhombus or Lozenge figure fo vi-
fible in this order, was al fo a remarkable
form of battle in the Grecian* Cavalry, c
obferved by the rtf/tltans^ and Pbitif 1*8.
King of Macedon^ and frequently by the
Parthians, As being moft ready to turn
every way, and beft to be commanded,
as having its duftors? or Commanders at
each Angle*

The LMteedonianPbtLnx ( a longtime

thought invincible ) confiftedofa long

1 1 fquare.

1 1 6 Cyrus-Garden, Or

fquare. For though they might be fix-
teen in Rank and file, yet when they
ft ut clofc, fo that the fixt pike advanced
before the firft, though the number
might be fquare, the figure was oblong,
anfwerable unto the Quincunciall qua
drate of Curtitu. According to this fquare
Tbucydides delivers , the Atbcniant dif-
pofed their battle again ft the L&ccdemonjr*
f t9*K<u- ant f brick wife, and by the fame word
**?• the Learned GueUw expound eth the qua*

z scfa in* dr ace of 8 ?irg$l9 after the form of a brick

Secern- OItilC-

went. jn And as the firft ftation and pofition of
Vngii. trees, fo was the firft habitation of men,
not in round Cities, as of later foundati
on ; For the form of Babylon the firft Ci
ty was fquare, and fo (hall alfo be the
la ft, according to the defer iption of the
holy City in the Apocalyps, The famons
pillars of Scth before the floud, had alfo
the like foundation, if they were but
antMuvian Obelisks, and fuch as Cham
and his SLgyptiut race, imitated after the
Flcud.

But Nineveh which Authours acknow
ledge to have exceeded "Babylon^ was of
b Dkd. sic, a h Jongilatcrall figure, ninety five Fur
longs

Tb* QyincHHKArtijicMUyConfidered \ if

longs broad, and an hundred and fifty
long, and fo making about fixty miles in
circuit, which is the meafure of three
dayes journey, according unto military
marches , or caftrenfiall manfions. So
that if J<w«# entred at the narrower fide,
( he found enough for one dayes walktj
I attain the heart of the City > to make his
Proclamation. And if we imagine a City
extending from Ware to London^ the ex*
preffion will be moderate of fix fcore
thoufand Infants, although we allow va
cuities, fields, and intervals of habitati
on as rhere needs tnuft be when the mo
nument ofNtwts took up no leffe then ten
faring*.

Ai.d, though none of the (even won
der?, yet a noble peer e of Antquity, and
made by a Copy exceeding all the reft,
had its principal! parts difpofed after this
manner, that is, the Labyrinth ofcretc^
j built upon a long quadrate , containing
five large fquares , communicating by
right infleftionsj terminating in the cen
tre of the middle fquare, and lodging of
the Minotaur, if we conform unto the iAntow
defcription of the elegant medall thereof
in * ArpjtiM) And though in many ac- tiit
1 2 counts

u8

counts we reckon grofly by the (quart*
yet is that very often to be accepted as *
long tided quadrate, which was the fi
gure of the Ark of the Covenant, the
table of the Shew-bread, and the (tone
wherein the names of the twelve Tribes
were engraved, that is, three in a rowi
naturally making a longilaterall Fi
gure, the perfeft quadrate being made by
nine*

What figure the ftones themfelves
maintained, tradition and Scripture are
filent, yet Lapidaries in precious ftones
affed a Table or long fquare, and in fuch
proportion, that the two lateral!, andal-
fo the three inferiour Tables are cquall
unto the fuperiour, and the angles of
the laterall Tables ^contain and conftitute
the hypotbcHufe, or broader fides fub-
tending.

That the Tables of the Law were of
this figure, general imitation and traditi
on hath confirmed ; yet are we unwil
ling to load the fhoulders of Mofes with
fach maffie ftones, as fome pictures lay
upon them, fince 'tis plainly delivered
that he came down with them in his
band 5 (bee the word ftridly taken im

plies

The QuincnnxArtijiciaUy Confidend 119

plies DO fuch maffic hewing, but cutting,

and faftiioning of them into ftape and

furface; fince fome will have them E-

meralds, and if they were made of the

1 materials of Mount Sina, not improba-

! ble that they were marble : Since the

words were not many, the letters fhort of

five hundred* and the Tables written on

j both fides required no fuch capacity.

The beds of the Ancients were diffe~

| rent from ours at prefent, which are al-

moft fquare , being framed ob-long,

and about a double unto their breadth $

i not much unlike the area, or bed of this

Quincuncial quadrate. The finglc beds of

greeccwere * fix foot, and a little more »

in length, three in breadth ; the Giant-

like bed ofog, which had four cubits of

bredth, nine and a half in length, varied

not much from this proportion. The

Funeral bed of King Cbeopsjn the greater

Pyramid, which holds feven in length,and

four foot in bredth, had no great dif-

formity from this mcafure s AndwhaN

foever were the bredth, the length could

hardly be leflc, of the tyrannical bed of

Procrujles, fince in a fhorter meafure he

had not been fitted withperfons for his

1 4 cruelty

tao Cyrus-Garden^ Or

cruelty of extcnPon. But the old fcpul-
chral »ed, or swazoxun fc Tomb in the
marVol-p^cc ofMegtra, was in the forni
of a Lozenge 5 readily made out by the
compolure of the body. For the arms not
lying iafciated or wrapt up after the </r*-
cu* manner, bat in a middle diftentton,
the including lines will ftriftly make out
that figure,

CHAP.

CHAP. III.

NO w although this elegant ordina
tion of vcgetab!cs,hath found coin
cidence or imitation in fundry works of
Art, yet is it not alfo deftitute of natu
ral! examples, and though overlooked by
all, was elegantly obfervable, in fevcrall
works of nature.

Could we fatisfie our felves in the po-
Gtion of the lights above, or diibover
the wiftdom of that order fo invariably
maintained in the fixed Stars of heaven;
Could we have any light, why the ftel-
lary part of the fir ft made, feparatcd in
to this order, that the Girdle of Orion
fhould ever maintain its line, and the
two Starres in charters Wain never
leave pointing at the Pole-Starre, we
might abate the TytbtgorictU Mufick of
the Spheres, the feven fold Pipeof/Mar;
and the ftrange Cryptography of Gaf-
farell in his Starrie Booke of Hea
ven*

Bat

iaa

But not to look fo high as Heaven
or the finglc Quincunx of the Hj*des
upon the neck ot lavus^ the Triangle,
and remarkable Cruftro about the foot
of the Centaur^ obfervablc rudiments
there are hereof in fubterraneous con
cretions, and bodies in the Earth ; in
the Gypfum or 1 'ww Rbomboides, in
the Favagtnites or honey-comb- ftone ,
in the A/ter/a and Attroites^ and in the
crucigerous ftonc of S. Idgo of g*l-
lid*.

The fame is obfervably effefted in
the $ulus ^ Catkins , or pendulous ex-
crefcencies of feverall Treesj of Wall-
nuts, Alders, and Hazels, which hang
ing all the Winter, and maintaining
their Net-worke dole, by the expan*
fion thereof are the early foretellers of
though he the Spring, difcoverable alfo in long

CaUmus Aromtfuus, fo plentifully grow
ing with us in the firft palmes of Wil-
wc find" Io wes, and in the Flowers of Sycamore,
thc.i>com. Petafites, Afphodelus , and EUttaru^
^"^th before explication. After fuch order
freatnum^ (land the fiowery Branches in our beft
fcffl- fpread

The Quincunx Naturally Confidered. 133

fpread Verbafcum^ and the feeds about
the fpicous head or torch of ?*pf*s B&-
fatus, in as fair a regularity as the cir
cular and wreathed order will admit,
which ad vanceth one fide of the fquare*
and makes the fame Rhombojdall,

In the fquamous heads of Scabious %
Knapweed, and the elegant Jacea Pi»ea^
and in the Scaly compolure of the 0*4-
faft, which fome years cnoft abound-
eth. After this order hath Nature plan
ted the Leaves in the Head of the com
mon and prickled Artichoak} wherein
the black and fhining Flies do (belter
themfelves, when they retire from the
purple Flower about it 5 The fame is alfo
found in the pricks, fockets, and 1m-
preflions of the feeds, in the pulp or bot-
tome thereof 5 wherein do elegantly ftick
the Fathers of their Mother. To omit the
Quincunciall Specks on the top of the
Mifcle-berry f efpecially that which
grows upon the Ttli* or Lime-Tree. And
the remarkable difpofurc of thofe yel-
low fringes about the purple Peftill of
Anon, and elegant clufters of Dragons,
fo peculiarly fccured by nature, with

an

134 CyrHt-Gardeity Or

an urtkrttta or skreening Lesf about
them*

The Spongy leaves of fbme Sea«
wracks, Fucus, Oaks, in their feverall
kindes, found about the Sboar, with c-
jeftments of the Sea, are over- wrought
with Net work elegantly containing this
or(kr> w^ich plainly declareth the na-
rurality of this texture ^ And how the
needle of nature deligbteth to work.evcn
in low and doubtful vegetations.

The Arfa&ctHm or Thicket on the
head of the Tearell, may be obferved
in this order : And he that confidcreth
that fabrick To regularly palifadoed, and
ftetnm'd with flowers of the royall co
lour ^ inthehoufcof the folitary mag
got, may findethe Seraglio of Soltmim,
And contemplating the calicular fhafts,
and uncous difpofure of their extremi
ties 5 fo accommodable unto the office
of abfterfion, not condemne as wholly
improbable the conceit of thofe who ac-
oeptit, for the herbe d Boritb. Where
by the way , we could with much inquiry
never difcover any tranffiguration, in
this abftemious infeft, although we

have

*fbc QnnennxtfatwraUy Confident. 13$

have kept them long in their proper
houfes, and boxes Where fome wrapt
up in their webbs, have lived upon their
own bowels 3 from September unto

fuch a grove doe walfce the lictle
creepers about the head of the burre.
And fuch an order is obferved in the a-
coleous prickly plantation^ upon the
beads of fever al common thifrles , re
markably in the notable palifados about
Ac flower of the milk,Thiftle$ and he
that inquireth into the little bottome of
the globe- thiftlc, mayfinde that gallant
bnfli arife from a fcalpe of like dif po-
fure.

The white umbrella or medicall bu(h
of Elder, is an Epitome of this order: a-
rifing from five main ftemms Quincun-
dally difpofed, and tollerably maintain
ed in their fubdivifions* To omit the
lower obfervations in the feminal (pike
of Mercuric weld, and Plantane.

Thus hath nature ranged the flowers
of Santfoyne, and French honey tackle;
and fomewhat after this manner hath
ordered the both in Jvfiters beard, ot

houfe-

1 16 Cyrix-Garden, Or

boufeleek ; which old fupcr ftition fet on
the tops of houfcs, as a dcfenfative a-
gainft lightening, and thunder* The
like in Fenny Seagreen or the water
eSouldier; which, though a militarie
name from Greece, makes out the Ro
man order*

A like ordination there is in the fava-
ginous Sockets, and Lozenge feeds of
the noble flower of the Sunne. Where
in in Lozenge figured boxes nature
(huts up the feeds, and balfame which is
about them,

ButtheFirreand Pinetreefrom their
fruits doe naturally diftate this pofition.
The Rhomboidall protuberances in
Pineapples maintaining this Quinouncial
order unto each other, and each Rhom
bus in it fel fe. Thus are alfo difpofed
the triangular foliations, in the conicall
fruit of the firre tree, orderly (hadow-
ing and prote&ing the winged feeds be
low them.

The like fo often occur reth to the curi-
ofity of obfervcrs, efpecially in fpicated
feeds and flowers, that we (hall not need
to take in the fingle Quincunx of Fuchfi-

us

The Quincunx Naturally Confidcred+ 1 27

usinthegrouthof the made fearn, the
fecdie difpofure of Gramenl/chemon,
and the trunk or neat Reticulate work
in the codde of the Sachell paJme,

For even in very many round ftalk
plants, the leaves are fet after a Quintu
ple ordination, the firft leaf anfwering
the fifth, in lateral difpofition. Where
in the leaves lucccffively rounding die
ftalke, infoureatthe furtheft the com-
pafs is abfolved, and the fifth leafeor
Sprout, returns to the pofition of the
other fift before it 5 as in accounting up
ward is often obfervabJe in in furre pelli-
torye, Ragweed, thefproutesof Oaks,
and thorns upon pollards, and very re
markably in the regular difpofure of the
rugged excrefcencies in the yearly (hoots
of the Pine.

But in iquare (talked plants, the
leaves ftand refpeftively unto each other*
either in erode or decuflation to thofe
above or below them, arifingat erode
portions; whereby they (hadow not
each other, and bettter refift the force
of winds, which in a parallel fituation,

and upon fquare ftalkes would more

/• •• t
forcibly

I *8 Cyrus-Garden^ Of

forcibly bear upon them.

And to omit, how leaves and fprouts.
which compaffe not the ftalk, are often
fe tin a Rhomboid es, and making long*
and ftort Diagonals, doe ftand like the
leggs of Quadrupeds when they goe :
Nor to urge the thwart enclofure and
furdling of flowers, and blofifbmes, be
fore explication, as in the multiplyed
leaves of Picnic; And the Chiafmusin
five leaved flowers* while one lies wrapt
about the ftaminous beards, the other
foure obliquely (hutting and clofing
upon each others and now even flow
ers which confift of foure leaves, ftand
not ordinarily in three and one, but two,
and two croflewife unto the Stylus ; even
the Autumnal budds, which awaitethe
returneofthe fun, doe after the winter
folftice multiply their calicular leaves,
making little Rhombufes, and network
figures, as in the Sycamore and Li
lac.

The like is difcovcrable in the origi
nal production of plants, which firft
putting forth two leaves, thofe which
fuccecd, bear not over each other, but

(hoot

Quincunx Naturally Conjidered* 139

(hoot obliquely or croffewife, umill the
ftalke appeareth j which fendeth not
forth its fir ft leaves without all order un
to them ; and he that from hence can
drfcover in what pofition the two firft
leaves did arife, is no ordinary obferva-
tor.

Where by the way, he that obferveth
the rudimental fpring of feed $3 (hall finds
ilrifl rule, although not after this order.
How little is required unto effectual ge-
j aeration, and in what diminutives the
Iplaftick principle Iodgeth5 is eKempli-
(fiedinfecdy, wherein the greater mafs
affords fo little comprodu&ion. In
Beanes the leaf and root fprout from
the Germen, the main fides fplit, and
lye by, and in fomepulfd up near the
j rime of blooming we have found the
j pulpous fides intire or little wafted. In
j Acorns the nebb dilating fphtteth the
I two fides, which fometimes lye whole,
[ when the Oak is fprouted two handfuls.
I In Lupins thefc pulpy fides do fome
times arife with the ftalk in a refem-
blance of two fat leaves* Wheat and
Rye will grow up, if after they have
K

,

*3° Cyrus-Garden^ Or

(hot fomc tender Roots, the adherin
pulp be taken from them. Beanes wil
pro fper though a part be cut away, and
fo much fet as fufficeth to contain and
keep the German clofc. From this fu-
perfluous pulp in unkindely , and wet
years, mayarife that multiplicity of lit
tle infefts , which infeft the Roots
and Sprouts of tender Graines and
puHes.

In the little nebbcor fruftify ing prin
ciple, the motion is regular, and not
tranfvertible, as to make that ever the
leaf, which nature intendeth the root;
obfervablc from their converfion, until
they attain their right pofltion, if feeds be
fet inverfedly .

In vain we expcft the produdion of
plants from different parts of the feed,
from thefame**ri0/jM0or little original
proceed both germinations ; and in the
power of this {lender particle lye many
Hoots, that though the fame be pull'd
away, the generative particle will re*
new them again, and proceed to a per-
f eft plant ; And malt may be obferved to
grow, though the Cummes be fallen from
it. The

'fbe Quincunx Naturally Considered.

The feminall nebbe bath a defined
and (ingle place, and not extended unto
both extremes* And therefore many
Coo vulgarly conceive that Barley and
Oats grow at both ends ; For they a-
rife from one ptwftilio or generative
nebbe, and the Speare fliding under
the husk, fir ft appeareth nigh the toppe.
But in Wheat and Rye being bare the
fprouts are feen together. If Barley un-
hulled wou'd grow, both would appear
at once. But in this and Oat- meal the
nebbe is broken away, which makes
them the milder food* and lefle
apt to raife fermentation in Decofti-
ons.

Men taking notice of what is out
wardly vifible, conceive a fenfible prio-
| rity in the Root. But as they begin from
one part, fo they feem to ftart and fee
out upon one fignall of nature* In Beans
| yet foft, in Peafc while they adhere
I unto the Cod, the rudimentall Leafe
j and Root are difcoverable- In the
i Seeds of Rocket and Muftard, (prouting
i id Glafles of water, when the one is ma-
lufeft the other is alfo peeccptible* In

muddy

1 3 2 Cyrut-Garden, Or

muddy waters apt to breed
and Periwinkles, if the firft and rudi-
nicDtall ftroaks of Duckweed be obfer-
ved, the Leaves and Root anticipate
not each other. But in the Date*ftone
the firft fpr out b neither root nor leaf
diftinftly, but borh together; For the
Germination being to pafle through the
the narrow Navell and hole about the
mid ft of the ftone, the generative germ
is fainetoenlengtbenit felf, and (hoot
ing out about an inch, at that diftance
divkkt h into the afcendfog and defcend-
ing portion.

And though it be generally thought
that Seeds will root at that end, where
they adhere to their Originals, and ob-
fervable it is that the nebbe lets moft
often next the ftalk, as in G rains, Pul-
fes, and moft fmall Seeds, yet is it hard'
ly made out in many greater plants*
For in Acornes, Almonds., Piftachios,
Wallnuts, and accumulated (bells, the
germpnts forth at die remoteft part of
the pulp. And therefore to fet Seeds
in that pofture, wherein the Leaf and
Roots may (hoot right without contor

tion,

The Quincunx Naturally Confidered 133

tion, or forced circumvolution, which
might render them ftrongly rooted, and
ftraightcr, were a Criticifme in Agri
culture, And nature leems to have
made fome provifion hereof in many
from their figure, that as they fall from
the tree they may lye in Portions agree*
able to fuch advantages.

Befide the open and vifible Tefticles
of plants, the (eminall pores lie in great
part invisible, while the Sun findes po-
I lypody in ftone-wals, the little ftinging
| Nettle, and nigh tfliade in barren fandy
High-wayes, Scwvj-grtffc in GreeneUnd^
and unknown plants in earth brought
from remote Countries, Befide the
known longevity of fome Trees, whaC
is the moft lading herb, or feed ,
feems not eaOly determinate. Man*-
drakes upon known account have lived
near an hundred yeares. Seeds found in
Wilde-Fowls Gizards have fprouted in
the earth. The Seeds of Mar jorane and
Stramonium carelefly kept, have grown
after feven years. Even in Garden- plots
long fallow, and digged up, the feeds
ofBltttaria and yellow henbane^nd after

K 3 twelve

1 34 Cyrus-Garden^ Or

twelve years burial have produced them-
felves again,

That bodies are firft fpirits Paracelfw
could affirm^ whicn in the maturation
of Seeds and fruits, fcems oblcurely
* met. implied by * ^toiHotU, when be deli-
yereth, that the fpirituous parts are con
verted into water, and the water into
earth, and attefted by observation in the !
maturativeprogreffeof Seeds, wherein;
at firft may be difccrned a tiatuous di~
ftenfion of the husk9 afterwards a thin
liquor, which longer time digefteth in
to a pulp or kernell obfervable in Al
monds and large Nutsf And fome way
anfwered in the progreffionall perfc-
ftlon of animall femination, in its fper-
maticall maturation, from crude pubef-
cency unto perfedion* And even that
feeds them fel ves in their rudimenr all dif-
coveries, appear in fbliaceous furcles,or
fprouts within their coverings, in a di-
aphonous gellie, before deeper incr-fla-
tion, is alfo vifibly verified in Cherries,
Acorns, Plums.

From feminall confederations, either
in reference unto one mother, or diftin-

ftion

\fbe Qmncnnx Naturally Considered.

dionfromanimallproduftion, the holy
|Scripturc defcribeth the vegetable crea
tion ; And while ie divideth plants but
into Herb and Tree, though it feemeth
to make but an accidental divHion, from
magnitude, it tacitely containeth the
natural! diftinftion of vegetables , ob-
fcrved byHerbarifts, and comprehend
ing the four kinds.For fince the moft na-
turall diftinftion is made from the pro-
du&ion of leaf or ftalk, and plants after
the two firft feminall leaves,, do either
roceeed to fend forth more leaves, or
ftalk, and the foliousand ftalky emit
on diftinguiCheth herbs and trees, and
ftand Authentically differenced , but
from the accidents of the ftalk.

The ^Equivocall produftion of things
under undifcerned principles, makes a
large part of generation, though they
item to hold a wide univocacy in their
fet and certain Originals, while almoft
every plant breeds its peculiar infeft,
moft a Butterfly, moth or fly, wherein
the Oak feemsto contain the largeft fe-
iminality, while the Julus, Oak, apple,
woolly tuft, foraminous roundles
K4 upon

136 Cyrus-Card**) Or

upon the leaf; and grapes under ground
make a Fly with fome difference* The t
great variety of Flyes lyes in the variety
of their originals, in the feeds of Ca
terpillars or Cankers there ly eth not on
ly a Butterfly or Moth, but if they be
fterill or untimely caft, their produ&ion
is often a Fly, which we have alio ob-
ferved from corrupted and mouldred
Egges. both of Hens and Fifties > To
omit the generation of Bees out of the
bodies of dead Heifers, or what is
ftrange yet well attefted, the production
of Eelcs in the backs of living Cods and
Perches.

The exiguity and fmallnefle of fome
feeds extending to large production* i<
one of the magoalities of nature, fome-
what illuftrating the work of the Crea
tion., and vaft production from nothing
The true * feeds of CypreflTe and Ram
pjons are indiftinguifliable by old eye*
Of the feeds of Tobacco a thoufanc
make not one grain, The difputed feed
of Harts tongue, and Matdcnnair , re
quire a greater number. From fucb un-
e Icminalitks arife fpomaoeou

pro

•fhc Quincunx Naturally Conpdcred. 1 37

produdions. He that would difcern the
rudimcntall ftroak of a plant, may be
hold it in the Original! of Duckweed,
at the bignefie of a pins point, from con
venient water in glades , wherein a
watchful 1 eye may alfo difcover the
pun&icular Originals of Peri wincles and
Gnats.

That feeds of fome Plants are leflfe
then any animals, fcems of no clear de-
cifion ; That the biggeft of Vegetables
cxceedeth the biggeft of Animals , in
full bulk, and all dimenGons, admits ex-
| ception in the Whale, which in length
and above ground meafure, will alfo con
tend with tall Oakes. That the richeft
odour of plants, furpaffcth that of Ani
mals may feetn of fome doubt, fince
animall-musk, feems to excell the ve
getable, and we finde fo noble a fccnt in b ^he **?*

«• »-n « * ^ «. « ana tCDQCf

the Tulip-Fly, and b Coat- Beetle. green o-

Now whether feminall nebbes hold vn<»™**
any fure proportion unto feminall en- found3wc
clofures, why the form of the germe couidnever
doth not anfwcr the figure of the enclo- ™" ™h
(ing pulp, why the nebbe is feated upon
thefolid, and not the channeld fide of

the

I:lg Cyrus-Garden^ Or

the feed as in grains, why Gnce we often
meet with two yolks in one (hell, and
fometimes one Egge within another, we
do not oftener meet with twonebbes in
one diftind feed : why fmcc the Egges of
a Hen laid at one courfe, do commonly
out-weigh the bird, and fome moths
coming out of their cafes, without affi-
ftanceof food, will lay fo many Egges
as to out -weigh their bodies, trees rare
ly bear their fruit,in that gravity or pro
portion : Whether in the germination
of feeds according to Htppecrates, the
lighter part afcendeth, and maketh the
fprout, the hcavieft tending downward
frameth the root $ Since we obferve
that the firft (boot of feeds in water,
will (ink or bow down at the upper and
leafing end : Whether it be not more
rational Epicurifme to contrive whole
dithes out of the nebbes and fpirited
particles of plants, then from the Galla-
tures and trcddles of Egges $ fince that
part is found to hold no feminal (hare
in Oval Generation , are queries which
might enlarge but muft conclude this di-

graBoD.

And

?bc Quincunx Naturally Confzdcred*

And though not in this order , yet
how nature dehghceth in this number,
and what confent and coordination there
is in the leaves and parts of flowers, it
cannot efeape our obfervation in no
fmall number of plants. For the cali-
cular or fupporting and dofing leaves,
do anfwer the number of the flowers,
efpecially in fuch as exceed not the
number of Swallows Fgges 5 as in Vio
lets, Stichwort, Bloflbmes, and flow
ers of one leaf have often five divifioro,
anfwered by a like number of calicular
leaves 5 v&Genttamlla, Convolvulus $d\-
flowers. In many the flowers, blades,
or ftaminous fhootes and leaves are all
equally five, as in cockle, mullein and
"BlattariA ; Wherein the flowers before
explication are pentagonally wrapped
up, with fome refemblance of the £/*//<*
or moth from whence it hath its name -
But the contrivance of nature is fingular
in the opening and (butting of Binde-
weeds, performed by five inflexures,di-
ftinguifhableby pyramidcall figures, and
alfo different colours*

The rofe at firft is thought to have

been

140 Cynt*~Gardeny Or

been of five leaves, as it yet groweth
wilde among us; but in the moft lux
uriant, the calicular leaves do ftill main
tain that number. But nothing is more
admired then the five Brethren of the
Rofc, and the ftrange difpofure of the
Appendices or Beards, in the calicular
leaves thereof, which in defpair of r efo-
lution is tolerably fal vcd from this con
trivance, bed ordered and fiiited for
the free clofure of them before expli
cation. For thofe two which are
fmooth, and of no beard are contrived
to lye undermoft, as without prominent
parts, and fit to be fmoothly covered; the
other two which are befet with Beards
on either fide, (land outward and un
covered, but the fifth or half-bearded
leaf is covered on the bare fide but on the
open fide ftands free, and bearded like the
other.

Befidcsa large number of leaves have
five divifions, and may be circumfcri-
bed by a Pentagon or figure of five An
gles made by right lines from the ex
tremity of their leaves t as in Maple,
Vine > Figge-Tree : But five-leaved

flowers

"fhe QuinciwxNatHraUy Confident. 141

flowers arc commonly difpofed circu
larly about the 5/;/»j; according to the
higher Geometry of nature, dividing a
circle by fiverW//, which concurtenot
Co make Diameters , as in Quidr ilatc-
rall and fexangular Interfeftions.

Now the number of five is remark**
He in every circle* not only as thcfirft
fphasrical number, but the meafure of
fphaerical motion. For fphaericai bodks
move by fives, and every globular figure
placed upon a plane, in direft volutati-
on* returns to the firft point of conta
gion in the firft touch, accounting by

loan

the Axes of the Diameters or Car <
points of the four quarters thereof. And
before it arriveth unto the fame point
again, it maketh five circles equall tin-
to k felf 5 in each progrefle from
thofe quarters 9 abfolviog an equall
circle*

By the fame number doth nature di
vide the circle of the Sea-Starre* and
in that order and number difpofeth
thofe elegant Semi-circles, or dentall
fockets awl egges in the Sea Hedge-
hogge. And no mean Obfervatioas

hereof

Cyrus- Garden, Or

hereof there is in the Mathernaticfo
of the neateft Retiary Spider , which
concluding infourty four Circles, from
five Semidiamcters beginncth that ele
gant texture.

And after this manner doth lay the
foundation of the circular branches of
the Oak, which being five-cornered) in
the tender annual fprouts , and mani-
fefting upon incifion the Signature of a
Starre 5 is after made circular , and
fwel'd into a round body : Which pra-
dice of nature is become a point of art,
and makes two Problemes in Etic/iJe.
But the Bry ar which fends forth (boots
and prickles from its angles, maintains
itt pentagonall figure, and the unob-
ferved iignature of a handfome porch
within it« To omit the five fmall but
tons dividing the Circle of the Ivy-ber
ry, and the five characters in the Win*
tcr ftalk of the Walnut, with many o
tber Obfervables, which cannot efcape
the eyes of fignal difberners ; Such as
know where tofinde a/*/** his name in
Gati/tricvnt 9 or Aarons Mitre in Hen
bane,

Quin-

The Quincunx Naturally Considered. 14 3

Quincuncial forms and ordinatioos,are
alfoobfervable in animal figurations. For
to omit the hioides or throat- bone of ani-
mals;the^ra*/4or wtrry-thoaght in birds,
which fupportcth the fcapute, affording a
paflagefor the windepipe and the gullet
the wings of Flyes, and difpodire of
their leggesin their firft formation from
maggots, and the petition of their horns,
wings and legges, in their AweliAn ca
fes and fwadling clouts : The back of
the Cimex Arborew, found often upon
Trees and lefler plants, doth elegantly
difcover the Bwgundian decuflation ;
And the like is obfervable in the belly
of the HotoneSon 3 or water-Beetle,
which fwimmeth on its back, and the
handfome Rhombufles of the Sea-
poult, or Werrell 3 on either fide the
Spine.

The fexangular Cels in the Honey
combs of Bees, are difpofed after this
order, much there is not of wonder in
the confufed Houfes of Pifmires, though
much in their bufie life and adions,
more in the edificial Palaces of Bees and
Monarchical fpirits 5 who make their

combs

1 44 Cyrus- Garden^ Or

combs fix-corner'd, declining a circle^
whereof many ftand not clofc together,
and com pleat ly fill the^r^of theplace$
But rather affefting a fix-fided figure;)
whereby e-very cell affords a common
fide unto fix more, and alfo a fit recep
tacle for the Beeitfelf, which gathering
into a Cylindrical Figure , aptly enters
its fexangutdf houle, more nearly ap
proaching » circular Figure, then either
doth the Square or Triangle. And the
Combes themfelves fo regularly contri
ved, that their mutual interfeftions make
three Lozenges at the bottome of every
Cell; which feverally regarded make
three Rows of neat Rhomboidall Fi
gures, connected at the anglesa and fo
continue three feveral chains throughout
the whole comb.

As for the Ftvtgo found commonly
OD the Sea (hoar, though named from
an honey-comb, it but rudely makes out
the refemblance, and better agrees with
the round Gels of humble Bees* He
that would exaftly difcern the (hop of a
Bees mouth , need obierving eyes, and
good augmenting glafles; wherein is

dif-

The Quincnnx Naturally Confidered. 14$

difcoverable one of the neateft pccces
in nature^ and mutt have a more pier
cing eye then mine; whofindes out the
ftape of Buls heads, in the guts of
Drones prefled out behindc, according
to the experiment of Gomtftta , where- Gem. <fe
io notwithftanding there feemeth fome- Sal<-
what which might incline a pliant fancy
to credulity of fimilitude.

A re femblance hereof there is in the
orderly and rardy difpofed Cels, made
by Flyes and Infe&s , which we have
often found fattened about fmall fprigs,
and in thofe cottonary and woolly pil
lows, which fom crimes we meet with
fattened unto Leaves, there is included
an elegant Net-work Texture, out
of which come many fmall Flies, And
fome refemblance there is of this order
in the Egges uf fome Butterflies and
moths, as they ftick upon leaves^ and
other fubftances; which being drop
ped from behinde, nor direfted by the
eye, doth neatly declare how nature
Geometrizeth, and obferveth order in all

ings*

A like corrcfpondency in figure is
L found

1 46 Cyme-Garden^ Or

found in the skins and outward tegu
ments of animals , whereof a regarda-
ble part are beautiful by this texture*
As the backs of feveral Snakes and Ser
pents, elegantly remarkable in the A-
jfcis, and the Dart-fnake, in the Chiaf-
mus and larger decufiations upon the
back of the Rattlefnake, and in the
clofeand finer texture of the Mtterfir-
mictrwn^QT foake that delights in Ant-
hils; whereby upon approach of out*
ward injuries, they can raife a thicker
Phalanx on their backs, and hand Come
ly contrive themfel ves into all kindes of
flexures : Whereas their bellies are
commonly covered with fmooth femi-
circular divifions, as beft accommo-
dable unto their quick and gliding mo*
don.

This way is followed by nature in the
peculiar and remarkable tayl of the Be-
ver, wherein the fcaly particles are dif-
pofed, fomewhat after this order, which
is the plained refolution of the wonder
of BtUoiiiMi while he faith, with incre
dible Artifice hath Nature framed the
tajrl or Oar of the Bever : whert by the

way

*fhe Quincunx Naturally Confidered.

way we cannot but with a model of
their boufes, fo much extolled by fotne
Defcribers.- wherein fince they are (b
bold as to venture upon three ftages, we
might examine their Artifice in the con-
tignations, the rule and order in the
compactions ; or whether that magni
fied ftrudure be any more then a rude
reftangular pyle or meer hoveli-build-

Thus works the hand of nature in the
feathery plantation about birds* Ob-
fervable in the skins of the * breaft,legs *
and Pinions of Turkies, Gecfe, and
Ducks, and the Oars or finny feet of of
Water-Fowl .• And fuch a naturall Net the ftrip-
is thefcaly covering of Fidics, of Mul- ^^!
lets. Carps, Tenches, &c. even in fuch Fowl, of
as are cxcoriable and confift of fmaller ^
fcalcs, as Bretts, Soals, and Flounders, bonder >"
The like Reticulate grain is obfer vabie
in fome K*ffU Leather. To omit the
ruder Figures of the oft racion, the trian
gular or cunny fiflb, or the pricks of the
&a*Porcupine*

The fame is alfo obfervable in fome
part of the skin of man, in habits of neat

L 2 tCX-

1 48 Cyras- Garden^ Or

ftxmre, and therefore not unaptly com
pared unto a Net: We (ball not affirm
that from fuch grounds, the Egyptian
Embalmers imitated this texture yet in
their linnen folds the fame is ftill obfer-
vable among their neatcft Mummies, in
the figures of ifts and Ofyris^ and the
Tutelary fpirits in the Bembine Table.
Nor is it to be over-looked how Orw%
the Hicroglyphick of the world is de-
(bribed in a Net-work covering, from
the (houlder to the foot. And (not
to enlarge upon thecruciated character
of Trwmtgiflus t or handed crofles, fo
often occurring in the Needles of Pkd-
r*ob, and Obelisks of Antiquity ) the
Status lfi\c£^ Teraphims, and little I-
dokj found about the Mummies , do
make a decuflation or Jtcobs Crofle, with
their armes, like that on the head of £-
fhraim and UVanaffes 5 and this Je-
cuffts is al/b graphically dcfcribed be
tween them.

This Reticulate or Nf t-work was alfo
confidcr able in the inward parts of man,
not only from the firft fubtegmcn or
\varpofhisformacion, but in thenetty

Natnra Uy Confidertd 149

fitres of the veins and veflels of life;
wherein according to common Anato
my the right and tranfverfe fibres are
decuflatcd, by the oblique fibres $ and
fo muft frame a Reticulate and Qiiin-
cunciall Figure by their Obliquations,
Emphatically extending that Elegant
expreffion of Scripture* Thou haft cu-
rioufly embroydered me, tbou haft
wrought me up after the fiaeft way of
texture , and as it were with a
Needle.

Nor is the fame obfervable only in
fome parts, but in the whole body of
man, which upon the extenfion of arms
and legges , doth make out a fquare,
whofe i nterfeftion is at the genitals. To
omit the phantaftical Quincunx, inP/rf-
/^ of the nrft Hermaphrodite or double
man, united at the Loynes,which Jtfittf
after divided^

A rudimentall refemblance hereof
there is in the cruciated and rugged folds
of the Reticulum, or Net-like Ventricle
of ruminating horned animals , which
is the fccond in order , and culinarily
called ihe Honey-comb. For many di
L 3 vifions

i$o Gym-Garden^ Or

vifions there are in the ftomack of fe
ver all animals , what number they
maintain in the Sc&rtu nnd ruminating
Fiflb, common defcriotion, or our own
experiment hath made no difcovcry.
But in the Ventricle of Pwfnfes there
are three divifions. In many Birds a
crop, Gizard, and little receptacle be
fore it$ but in Cornigerous animals,
which chew tbecudd, there are DO left
then four of diftinft pofition and of
fice.

The -P^tteultmby thefe croffedcels,
makes a further digcftion, in the dry
and exuccous part of the Aliment recei
ved from the firft Ventricle. For at the
bottome of the gullet there is a double
Orifice 5 What is firft received at the
mouth defccndeth into the firft and
greater ftomack, from whence it is re-
turned into the mouth again 5 and af
ter a fuller maftication , and falivous
mixture, what part thereof defcendeth
again, inamoift andfucculent body, it
flides down the fofter and more perme
able Orifice, into the Omafus or third
ftomack; and from thence conveyed

into

the Quincunx Naturally Confide red. 151

into the fourth, receives its laft digcfti-
on. The other dry and exuccous part
after rumination by the larger and (iron-
ger orifice beareth into the firft fto-
mack, from thence into the Reticulum^
and fo progreffively into the other divi-
fions. And therefore in Calves newly
calved, there is little or no ufe of the
two firft Ventricles , for the milk and
liquid aliment flippeth down the fofter
Orifice, into the third ftomack 5 where
making little or no ftay, it pafleth into
the fourth, the feat of theC*4jj*/*0i, or
Runnet, or that divifion of ftomack
which feems to bear the name of the
whole, in the Greek tranflation of the
Priefts Fee, in the Sacrifice of Peace-of
ferings.

As for tbofe Rhomboidal Figures
made by the Cartilaginous parts of the
Wezon, in the Lungs of great Fifties,
and other animals, as Rondeletius difco
vered, we have not found them fo to
anfvver our figure as to be drawn into
illuftration ; Something weexpeded in
the more difcernabJe texture of the lungs
of frogs, which notwithstanding being

£4 but

y Or

but two carious bladders not weighing
above a grain, we found interwoven
with veins not obferving any juft order*
More orderly fituated are thofe cretace
ous and chalky concretions found fome-
times in the bignefle of a fmall fech on
either fide their fpine, which being not
agreeable unto our order, nor yet obfer-
ved by any, we (ball not here dif-
c&urfeon.

But bad we found a better account
and tolerable Anatomy, of that promi-
nent jowleof the* Sperm* Cefi Whale
then queftuary operation, or the ftench
of the laftcaft upon our (hoar^ permit-
ted, we might have perhaps difco-
vered iomc handfome order in thofe
Net-like feafes and fockets, made like
honey-combs, containing that medical!
matter.

Laftly, The inceflion or Jocall moti
on of animals is made with analogy un
to this figure, by decuflative diametrals,
Quincunciall Lines and angles. For to
omit the enquiry bow Butterflies and
freezes move their four wings , how
birds and fifties in ay re and water move

by

77!* Quincunx Naturally Conftdcrtd. i $ 3

by joynt ftroaks of oppofite wings and
Finnes, and how falient animals in jump
ing forward feem to arifeand fall upon
afquare bafc ; As the ftation of moft
Quadrupeds, is made upon a long fquare,
fo in their motion they make a Rhom-
boides; their common progreffion be*
ing performed Diametrally, by dccuf-
fation and erode advancement of their
legges) which not obfervcd begot that
remarkable abfurdity in the poGtion of
the leggesof Ctffiws horfe in the Capitol.
The Snake which moveth circularly
makes his fpires in like order* the con
vex and concave fpirals an wering each
other at alternate diftances^ In the mo
tion of man the armes and legges ob*
ferve this thwarting pofition , but the
legges alone do move Quincuncially by
fingle angles with ^ome reftmblance of
an V meafured by fucceffive advance
ment from each foot, and the angle of
indenture great or leflfe , accord
ing to the extent or brevity of the
itride.

Studious Obfervators may difcover
more analogies in the orderly book of

nature.

i$ 4 Cynu- Garden^ Or

nature, and cannot efcape the Elegancy
of her hand in other correspondencies.
The Figures of nails and crucifying ap
purtenances, are but precarioufly made
out in the (jrmuUU or flower of Cbntts
paffion : And we defpair to behold in
thefe parts that handfome draught of
crucifixion in the fruit of the E»b»do
Pine. The feminal Spike of Pfebrw,
or great (baking grafle, more nearly an-
fwers the tayl of a Rattle-Snake, Aen
many refemblances in Ptrt* : And it th<
man b Ortbit ofColitnuu be well mad«
out, it excelled! all analogies. In young
Wallnuts cut athwart, it is not hard to
apprehend ftrange characters j and ra
thofe of fomewhat elder growth, band-
fome ornamental draughts about a plain
crofle. IntherootofO/*w*dorWatet
fern, every eye may difcern the Tortn o^
a Half Moon, Rain-bow, or half
charader of Pifces. Some finde Hebrew,
Arattck, Greek, and LarineCharai
in Plants; In a common one among us
we feem to reade Actia,^ Vivw ,

Right lines and ciicles make out the

balk

The Quincunx Naturally Confidered. 15 5

bulk of plants s In the parts thereof we
findeHelicall or fpirall roundles, volu-
«a's, conicall Seftions, circular Pyra
mids, and fruftums of Archimedes^ And
cannot overlook the orderly hand of na
ture, in the alternate fucceffion of die
flat and narrower fides in the tender
(hoots of the Afhe, or the regular ine-
quality of bignefle in the five-leaved
flowers of Henbane, and fomething like
in the calicular leaves of Tntfon. How
the fpots ofPtrfaaria do manifeft them*
felves between thefixt and tenth ribbe*
How the triangular capp in the ftemtne
or ftjlu* of Tuleps doth conftantly point
at three outward leaves. That (pica-
ted flowers do open firft at the (talk*
That white flowers have yellow thrums
or knops. Thar the nebbe of Beans and
Peafe do all look downward , and fo
prefle not upon each others And how
the feeds or many pappous or downy
flowers lockt up in fpcketsaftera gom-
phofis or «^^*f-articulation , diffufe
themfelves circularly into branches of
rareorder, obfervable \n7rMg0pogw or
Goats-beard.conformable to the Spiders

15^ Cyrvs-GardettyOr

web,and the Kadii in like manner telarely
inter- woven.

And how in animal 1 natures, even co
lours hold correfpondencies, and mutu-
all correlations. That the colour of the
Caterpillar will (hew again in the But
terfly, with fome latitude is allowable*
Though the regular fpots in their wings
feembut amealie adhefion, and fuch as
may be wiped away, yet fince they come
in this variety, out of their cafes, there
muft be regular pores in thofe parts and
membranes, defining fuch Exudati
ons.

*s*eU* jjjat b Angnftu* had native notes on
** his body and belly, after the order and
number in the Starre of cbarlf* v>*yn**
will not feem ftrangeunto aftral Phyfi-
ognomy, which accordingly confidereth
moles in the body of man, or Pbyficall
Obfervators, who from the politico of
moles in the face, reduce them to rule
and correfpondency in other parts. Whe
ther after the like method medicall con-
je&ure may not be raifed , upon parts
inwardly afFeded ; fince parts about the
lips are the critical feats of Puftules dif-

charged

QHincnnxNaturally Conftdered. 1 57

charged in Agues 5 And (crophulous tu
mours about the neck do fo often fpeak
the like about the Mefentery5may alfo be
confidcred.

The ruffet neck in young Lambs fcenis
but adventitious, and may owe its tin-
fture to fome contagion in the womb 5
But that it fheephave any black or deep
rufiet in their faces, they want not the
fame about their legges and feet 5 That
black Hounds have mealy mouths arr!
feet 5 That black Cows which have ar/
white in their tayls, fhould not mifle of
fome in their bellies 5 and if all white in
their bodies, yet if black-mouth'd, their
ears and feet maintain the fame colour,
are correfpondent tinSures cot ordina
rily failing in nature, which eafily u-
nitesthe accidents of extremities, fince
in fome generations flie tranfmutes the
parts themfelves, while in the AurelUn
Mttamerfhofistiit head of the canker be
comes the Tayl of the Butterfly, Which
is in fome way not beyond the contri
vance of Art, in fubmerfions and Inlays,
inverting the extremes of the plant, and
fetching the root from the top? and alfo

imitated

i<8 Cyrus-Garden, Or

imitated in handfome colutnnary work,
ia the invcrfion of the extremes; wherein
the Capitel, and the Bafc, hold fuch near
correlpondcocy,

In toe motive parts of animals may be
difcovered mutuall proportions 5 not
only in thofe of Quadrupeds, but in the
thigh-bone, legge, foot-bone, and claws
of Birds. The legs of Spiders are made
after a f efqui-terti an proportion, and the
long legs of fome locufts, double unto
fome others. But the internodial parts of
Vegetables, or fpaces between the joints,
are contrived with more uncertainty;
though the joints themfelves in many
plants, maintain a regular number.

In vegetable compofure, the unition
of prominent parts feems mod to anfwer
the Apopbyfes or proccfles of Animall
bones, whereof they are the produced
parts or prominent explantations. And
though in the parts of plants which are
not ordained for motion > we do not
exped correfpondent Articulations ; yet
in the fetting on of fome flowers, and
feeds in their fockets,and the lineal com-
mi(Ture of the pulps of feverall feeds,

may

Quincunx Naturally Confidered* f

may be obferved fomc fliadow of the
Harmony , Come (how of the Gomphofis

As for the Diarthrofis or motive Ar
ticulation, there is expe&cd little Ana
logy j though long-ftalked leaves doe
move by long lines, and have obfervabte
motions, yet are they made by outward
impulfion , like the motion of pendu
lous bodies, while the parts themfelves
are united by fome kinde vifympbyjit un
to the ftock,

But (landing vegetables., void of mo
tive* Articulations, are not without many
motions. For befide the motion of vege
tation upward* and of radiation unto all
quarters, that of contraction, dilatation,
inclination, and contortion, isdifcovera-
ble in many plants* To omit the rofe of
tfertche, the ear of Rye, which moves
with change of weather, and the Magical
fpittmade of no rare plants, which windes
before the fire5and rofts the bird without
turning.

Even Animals near the Claffis of plants,
feem tohavethemoft reftlefle motions.
The Summer-worm of Ponds and pla(h-

es,

Cyrus-Garden^ Or

es.makes a long waving motion; the
hair-worm fcldome lies ft ill. He that
•och A?* would behold a very anomalous motion,
fending* may obfcr ve it io the Tortile and tiring

jwctt of ftroak;, of a Gnat worms.
Cifteins

CHAR

1*1

CHAP. IIIL

AS for the delights, commodities^
myfteries, with other concern
ments of this order, we are unwilling
to fly them over, in the (hort deliveries
of Virgil , r*rto% or others, and fhall
therefore enlarge with additional! am
pliations.

By this pofition they had a juft pro*
portion of Earth, to fupply an equality
of nourifbment, The diftance being or*
dered, thick or thin, according to the
magnitude or vigorous attraction of the
plant) the goodnefle, leannefle, or pro
priety of the foy le, and therefore the
rule of s*tov> concerning the territory of
At fans, not extendible unto all; allow
ing the diftance of fix foot unto com*
mon Trees, and nine for the Figge and
Olive.

They had a due diffufion of their
roots on all or both fides , whereby
they maintained fome proportion to

M

1 62 Cyrw-Garcteny Or

their height, in Trees of large radicati-
on. For that they ftridly make goc '
theit profandeur or depth unto their
height, according to common conceit,
um and that expreffion of a Wrj«/9 though
confirmable from the plane Tree in Pfc
ny> and fome few examples, is not to
- be expe&ed from the generation of
Trees almoft in any kinde, either of

-_ _ ~ «. Y^

fide-fpreading, or tap-roots: Except
we meafure them by lateral and oppo-
fite diffufions, nor commonly to be
found in minor or hearby plants 5 If we
except Sea-holly, Liquorifli, Sea-rufh,
and fome others.

They had a commodious radiation in
their growth; and a due cxpanfion of
their branches, for (hadow or delight.
For trees thickly planted, dorunneup
in height and branch with no expanflon,
(hooting unequally or fhort, and thinnc
upon the neighbouring fide. And there*
fore Trees are inwardly bare,and fpring,
and leaf from the outward and Sunny
fide of their branches.

Whereby they alfo avoided the pe-
Till of crwo?uBf(0/Ad$ or one treeperifli-

ing

The Quincunx MifticattyCwfidered.

ing with another, as it happeneth oft-
times from the tick effluviums or entan
glements of the roots* falling foul with
each other. Obfervable in Elmes fet in
hedges, where if one dieth the neigh
bouring Tree profperetb not long
after.

In this fituation divided into many in
tervals and open unto fix paflages, they
had the advantage of a fair pertiation
from windes, bmfhing and cle;n(ing
their furfaces, relaxing and cloCng their
pores unto due perfpiration. For that
they afford large effluviums perceptible
from odours, diffuied at great diftances,
is obfervable from Onyons out of the
earthy which though dry, and kept un
til the fpring, as they (boot forth large
and many leaves, do notably abate of
their weight, And mint growing in
glades of water, until it arriveth unto
the weight of an ounce, in a fbady place,
Will fometimes exhauft a pound of
water.

And as they fend forth much, fo may
they receive fomewbat in .- For befide
the common way and road of reception

Mi by

Cyrus-Garde*, Or

by the root, there may be a refedion
and imbibition from without; For gen
tle fhowrs refreCb plants, though they
enter not their roots 3 And the good and
bad effluviums of Vegetables, promote
or debilitate each other* So Ep itbymum
and "Dodder^ rootlefle and out of the
ground, maintain tbemfelves upon
Thyme, Savory, and plants, whereon
they hang* And Ivy divided from the root,
we have obferved to live (bme years, by
the cirrous parts commonly conceived
but as tenacles and holdfafhunto it.The
ftalks of mint crop t from the root (hip
ped from the leaves,and fet in gUffcs with
the root end upward,& out of the water,
we have obferved to fend forth fprcuts
and leaves without the aid of roots, and
fcordiunt to grow in like manner, the
leaves fet downward in water. To omit
feverall Sea* plants, which grow on fin-
gle roots from ftones, although in very
many there are fide-fboots andy?£ra,be-
fide the fattening root.

By this open pofition they were fair
ly expofed unto the rayesof Moon and
Suncc, (o coafiderable in tht growth of

Vcge-

'the QnincHnx MifiicaUy Confidered.

Vegetables. For though Poplars, Wil
lows, and feverall Trees be made to
grow about the brinks of Acharon, and
dark habitations of the dead ; Though
fome plants are content to grow in ob-
fcure Wells 5 wherein alfo old Elme
pumps afford fometimes long bufhy
iprouts, not obtervable in any above-
ground : And large fields of Vegeta
bles are able to maintain their verdare
at the bottome and (hady part of the
Sea 5 yet the greateft number are not
content without the aftual rayes of the
Sunne, but bend, incline, and follow
them; As large lifts of folifequious and
Sun-following plants. And fome ob-
ferve the method of its motion in
their owne growth and conversion
twining towards the Weft by the South,
as Bryony, Hops, Woodbine, and fe-
veral kindes of Bindeweed , which we
(hall more admire ; when any can tell
us, they obferve another motion, and
Twift by the North at the Antipodes.
The fame plants rooted againft an ereft
North-wall full of holes, will finde a

MS way

1 66 Cyrus-Garden, Or

way through them to look upon the
Sunne, And in tender plants from mu-
ftard feed, (own in the winter, and in
a plot of earth placed inwardly again ft a
South-window, the tender ftalks of two
leaves arofe not ereft, but bending to
wards the window , nor looking much
higher then the Meridian Sun. And if
tbe pot were turned they would work
themfelves into their former declinatr
on?; making their conver fion by the Eaft.
That the Leaves of the Olive and fome
other Trees folftitially turn, and pre-
cifely tell us, when the Sun is entred
Cancer, is (carce expeftable in any Cli
mate o and Theephraftvs warily obferves
it 5 Yet fomewhat thereof is obfervable
in our own, in the leaves of Willows
and Sallows, fome weeks after the So!-
ftice. But the great Convolvulus or
white-flower'd "Bindweed obferves both
motions of tbeSuone, while the flower
twifts ^Equinoftionally from the left
hand to the right, according to the daily
revolution 5 The ftalk twincth eclipti-
cally from the right to the left, accord-
nng to the annual conver fion,

Some

I The Quincmx Miflicatty Confident 1 67

Some commend the expofure of thefe
I orders unto the Weftern gales, as the
moft generative and fruftifying breath
f of heaven. But we applaud the Hus
bandry of Solomon, whereto agreeth the
doftrine of TbeopkrtSus. Arifc O North-
\ winde, and blow thou South upon my
garden , that the fpices thereof may
flow out 5 For the North- winde clofing
the pores, and (hutting up the effluvium^
when the South doth after open and re
lax them j the Aromatical gummes do
drop, and fweet odours fly actively
from them* And if his garden had the
fame fituation, which mapps, and charts
afford it, on the Eaft fide of Jevufdem^
and having the wall on the Weft $ thefe
I were the windes, unto which it was well
cxpofed.

By this way of plantation they en-

creafed the number of their trees, which

they loft in Qusttrnios, and fquare-or-

i ders, which is a commodity infifted on

| by VATYO, and one ^reat intent of nature,

in this petition of flowers and feeds in

the elegant formation of plants , and

I the former Rules obferved in naturall

M4 and

s 68 Cyrus- Garden^ Or

and artificiall Figurations.

Whether in this order and one Tree
in fome meafure breaking the cold., and
pinching gufts of windes from the o-
ther, trees will not better maintain theii
inward circles, and either efcape
or moderate their excentricities , may
alfb be confidered. For the circles io
Trees are naturally conccntricall , pa
rallel! unto the bark, and unto each o
fher, till froft and piercing windes con-
(raft and clofe them on the weatherfide.
the oppofite femicircle widely enlar
ging, and at a comely diftance, which
hindreth of ttimes the beauty and round-
nefle of Trees, and makes the Timber
lefle ferviceable ; whiles the afcending
Juyce not readily paffing, fettles in
knots and inequalities. And therefore
it is no new courfe of Agriculture, to
obfcrve the native pofition of Trees ac
cording toNorth and South in their tranf-
plantations.

The fame is alfo obfervable under*
ground in the drcinations and fph^ri-
cal rounds of Onyons, wherein the cir
cles of the Orbes are ofttimes larger^

and

The QmfiCHnx Miftically Cmftdered*

and the meridionall lines ftand wider
upon one fide then the other. And
where the largeneffe will make up the
number of planetical Orbes, that of Lu
na, and the lower planets excede thedi-
menfions of S*twne, and the higher :
Whether the like be not verified in the
Circles of the large roots of Briony and
Mandrakes, or why in the fcnotts of
Deale or Firre the Circles are often ec-
centricall, although not in a plane, but
vertical and right pofition,deferves a fur
ther enquiry.

Whether there be not fbme irregula
rity of roundnefle in moft plants accor
ding to their pofition ? Whether fome
fmall comprcffioo of pores be not per
ceptible in parts which ftand againft the
cnrrent of waters, as in Reeds, Bull-
rufces, and other vegetables toward the
itreaming quarter, may alfo be obfer-
ved, and therefore fuch as are long and
weak, are commonly contrived into a
roundnefle of figure., whereby the wa
ter prefleth lefie, and flippeth more
fmoothly from them, and even in flags
of flat-figured leaves, the greater part

pbvert

170 Cyrus-Garden, Or

obvert their (harper fides unto the cur
rent in ditches,

But whether plants which float upon
the furfacc of the water, be for the
mod part of cooling qualities, tbofe
which (hoot above it of heating ver-
tues, and why > whether Strgtff* for
many miles floating upon the Weftern
Ocean, or Sea-lettuce, and Phafganium
at the bottome of our Seas, make good
the like qualities ? Why Fenny waters
afford the hotteft and fwecteft plants,
as Calamus > Cyperus, and Crowfoot,
and mudd ca ft out of ditches moft na
turally produceth Arfmart AVhy plants
fo greedy of water fo little regard oyl ?
Why fince many feeds contain much
oy Ic within them , they endure it not
well without, either in their growth or
produftion? Why fince Seeds (hoot
commonly under ground, and out of
the ayrc, thole which are let fall in
ihallo\v glades, upon the furface of the
water, will fooner fprout then thofe at
the bottome ? And if the water be co
vered with oy le, thofe at the bottome
will hardly fprout at all, we have noc

room

'the Quincunx Miftically Confidered. 17!

room to conjefture.

Whether Ivy would pot lefle offend
the Trees in this clean ordination, and
well kept paths, might perhaps deferve
the queftion. But this were a quxry
only unto fome habitations, and little
concerning l)r** or the Babylonian ter
ritory 5 wherein by no induftry fftr-
fiiliu could make Ivy grow : And Alex**-
der hardly found it about thofe parts to
imitate the pomp ofBactbw.And though
in thefe Northern Regions we are too
much acquainted with one Ivy, we know
too little of another 5 whereby we ap
prehend not the expreffions of Antiqui- *
ty, the a Splenetick medicine of Galen*
and the Emphafis of the Poet, in the d
b beauty of the white Ivy. }

The like concerning the growth of alba.
Mifle! toe, which depeudeth not only of
the fifties, or kinde of Tree, but much
alfo of the Soil, And therefore com*
mon in fome places, not readily found
in others, frequent in France , not fo
common in Spain 9 and fcarce at all ID
the Territory ot Fcrrava : Nor eafily
to be found where it is moft required

upon

172 Cyrut-Garclefy Or

opon Oaks, lefle on Trees continually
verdant* Atbough in fome places the
Olive cfcapeth it not,, requiting its de
triment, in the delightful! view of its
red Berries ; as C//*/#*obfervedinS/M/0,
and EeUonivs about Hicvufalcm. But this
Parafiticall plant fuffers nothing to
grow upon it, by any way of art ; nor
could we ever make it grow where na
ture had not planted it ; as we have in
vain attempted by inocculation and in-
cifion, upon its native or forreign ftock.
And though there feem nothing impro
bable in the feed, it hath not fucceeded
by fation in any manner of ground,
wherein we had no reafon to defpair,
fince we reade of vegetable horns, and
'mfcboitn. jjow Rams horns will root about

Go*.

But befides thefe rurall commodities,
it cannot be meanly deledable in the va
riety of Figures, which thefe orders o-
pend and clofed do make. Whileft e-
very inclofure makes a Rhomlw, the fi
gures obliquely taken a Rhomboides,
the intervals bounded with parallel!
and each ioterfedion built upon

The Qniflcnnx Miftically Confidered. \y 5

a fquare , affording two Triangles or
Pyramids vertically conjoyned $ which
in the ftrift Quincunciall order doe
oppofitely make acute and blunt An*
gles.

And chough therein we meet not
with right angles, yet every Rhombus
containing four Angles equall unto two
right, it virtually contains two right in
every one. Nor is this ftrange unto
fuch as obferve the naturall lines of
Trees, and parts difpofed in them* For
neither in the root doth nature affeft
this angle, which (hooting down
ward for the ftability of the plant*
doth beft effeft the fame by Figures
of Inclination 5 Nor in the Branches
and ftalky leaves, which grow snoft at
acute angles^ as declining from their
bead the root, and diminiflung their
Angles with their altitude: Verified
alfo in leffer Plants ^ whereby they
better fupport themfelves, and bear
not fo heavily upon the ftalk : So that
while near the root they often make
an Angle of feventy parts, the fprouts
Dear the top will often come ffaort of

thirty

1 74 tyros- Garden, Or

thirty. Eoen in the nerves and matter
veins of the leaves the acute angle ru -
leth; theobtufebut feldome found, and
in the backward pare of the leaf, rcfiefl:-
ing and arching about the ftalfc. But
why ofttimes one fide of the leaf is un-
equall unto the other, as in Hazell and
Oaks , why on either fide the matter
vein the leifer and derivative channels
not diredly oppofite, nor at cquall an
gles, refpeftively unto the adverfe fide,
but thofe of one part do often exceed
the other,as the Wallnut and many more
deferves another enquiry.

Now if for this order weaffeft coni
ferous and tapering Trees, particularly
the Cyprefle, which grows in a coni-
call figure ; we have found a Tree not
only of great Ornament, but in itsEf-
femials of affinity unto this order. A
(olid Rhombus being made by the con-
vcrfion of two Equicrurall Cones 9 as
^Archimedes hath defined. And thefe
were the common Trees about Bafy-
lo*9 and the Eaft, whereof the Ark
was made^ and Atcxwdcr found no
Trees fo accomodable to build his Na-

vys

Tfo QHincnnxMifticatty Confidered. 175

vy$ And this we rather think to be the
Tree mentioned in the Canticles, which
ftrifter Botanology will hardly allow to
be Campbire.

And if delight or ornarnentall view
invite a comely difpofure by circular
amputations, as is elegantly performed
in Hawthorns ; then will they anfwer
the figures made by the con verfion of a
Rhombus, which maketh twoconcen-
tricall Circles $ the greater circumfe
rence being made by the lefler angles,the
lefler by the greater.

The Cylindrical figure of Trees is vir
tually contained and latent in this order*
A Cylinder or long round being made
by the conversion or turning of a Paral
lelogram, and moft handlomely by a
long fquare, which makes an equall,
Itrong and lafting figure in Trees, agree
able unto the body and motive parts of
animals, the greateft number of Plants,
and almoft all roots, though their (talks
be angular, and of many corners, which
(eem not to follow the figure of their
Seeds ; Since many angular Seeds fend
forth round (talks, and fphzricall feeds

arife

ij6 Cyrw-GardtHy Or

arife from angular fpindles, and many
rather conform unto their Roots, as the
round (talks of bulbous Roots, and in
tuberous Hoots ftemmesof like figure.
But why Gnce the largeft number of
Plants maintain a circular Figure, there
are fo few with reretous or lunground
leaves; why coniferous Trees are tenu-
ifblious or narrowleafed, why Plants of
few or no joynts have commonly round
ftalks* why the greateft number of hol
low ftalks are round ftalks ; or why in
this variety of angular ftalks the qua
drangular moft cxceedeth , were too
long a fpeculation 5 Mean while obvi
ous experience may finde, that in Plants
of divided leaves above, nature often
beginneth circularly in the two firft
leaves below, while in the fingular plant
of Ivy, fte exercifeth a contrary Geo
metry, and beginning with angular
leaves below, rounds them in the upper
branches.

Nor can the rows in this order want
delight, as carrying an afpeft anfwera-
bleunto the Jipteros hycethros^ or dou
ble order of columns open above 5 the

MifticallyConJidered. 177

oppofitc ranks of Trees ftanding like
pillars in the Cawttt/a of the Courts of
famous buildings, and the P0rtrc<fs of
the Temyh fabdiaUa of old } Somewhat
imitating the Per/ftyKa or Cloyffer buil
dings, aadthe£*r*foe of the Ancient$3
wherein men dtfcourfed, walked and ex-
crcifed 5 For thai they derived the rufe
of Columnes from Trees, efpecially in
their proportional! diminutions 3 is il-
luftrated by Pttrwiw from the (hafts
of Firre and Pine, And though the in
ter- arboration do imirate the ArtoBylrt*
or thin order, not ftridly anfwcring the
proportion of intercolumniarions 5 yet
in many Trees they will not exceed the
intermiffion of the Columnes in the
Court of the Tabernacle 5 which being
an hundred cubits long, and made up by
twenty pillars* will afford no lefle then
intervals of five cubits,

Befide, in this kinde of afpeft the fight
being not diffufed but circumfcribed
between long parallels and the !7n<rxj-
dffftb$ and adumbration from the bran
ches, it frameth a penthoufe over the
and mafceth a quiet vifion s And
N there-

178 Cyrus-Garde^ Or

therefore in diffufed and open afpc&s,
men hollow their hand above their eye,
and make an artificiall brow, whereby
they direft the difperfed rayes of fight,
and by this fhade prefcrve a moderate
light in the chamber of the eye ; keep
ing the pupitia plump and fair, and not
contracted or fhrunk as in light and va
grant vifion.

And therefore providence hath ar
ched and paved the great houfe of ihe
world, with colours or mediocrity,that
is, blew and green, above and below the
fight, moderately terminating the acics
of the eye. For moft plants, though
green above-ground, maintain their Ori-
girall white below it, according to the
candour of their feminall pulp, and the
rudimental leaves do firft appear in that
colour 5 obfervable in Seeds fprouting
in water upon their firft foliation. Green
feeming to be the firft fupervenient, or
above-ground complexion of Vegeta
bles., feparable in many upon ligature
or inhumation, as Succory, Endive,
Articboaks, and which is alfo loft upon
fading in the Autumn.

And

The QttincHnx Miflically Confickred. 179

And this is alfb agreeable unto water
it felf, the alimental vehicle of plants,
which firft altereth into this colour 5 And
containing many vegetable feminalitics,
revealeth their Seeds by greenneflc \ and
therefore fooneft expefted in rain or
ftanding water, not eafily found in di-
ftilled or water ftrongly boiled ; where
in the Seeds are extinguifhed by fire and
decoftion. and therefore laft long and
pure without fuch alteration, affording
neither uliginous coars, gnatworms, A~
carii hair-worms) like crude and com
mon water j And therefore moft fir for
wholfome beverage, and with malt
makes Ale ?nd Beer without boyling.
What large water-drinkers fome Plants
are, the Canary-Tree and Birches in
fome Northern Countries, drenching
the Fields about themdofuffidientlyde-
monflrate How water it Cell is able to
maintain the growth of Vegetables, and
without extinfliop of their generative or
medicall venues ^ Befide the ^xpcrf-
ment of Htlwonts tree, we have found
in fome which have lived fix years in
glaflfes. The feeds of Scurvy-graffe
N - growing

1 8 o Cyrus- Garden, Or

growing in waterpots, have been fruit
full in the Land 5 And Afarum after a
years fpace, and oncecafting its leave!
in water, in the fecond leaves, hath
handiomely performed its vomiting ope
ration.

Nor arc only dark and green colors,but
(hades and (badows conrrvtd through
the great Volume of nature, and tree;
ordained not only to prottfl and (hado w
others, bur by their ftades and (hadow-
ing parts, to preferve and cherifh them
felves. The whole radiation or branch
ings (hadowing the ftock and the root
the leaves, the branches and fruit, too
much expofed ro the windes and fcorch
ing Sunne. The calicular leaves in-
clofe the tender flowers, and the flow
ers themfelves lye wrapt about the feeds
in their rudiment and firft formations
which being advanced the flowers fal
away 3 and are therefore contrived inj
variety of figures, beft fatisfying the in
tention 5 Handfomely obfervable in
hooded and gaping flowers, and the
Butterfly bloomes of leguminous plants,
the lower leaf clofely involving the ru-

dimental

i8f

dimenta) Cod, and the alary or win-
;y diviiions embracing or hanging o-
vcr it*

But Seeds thcmfelves do lie in perpe
tual {hades, either under che leaf, or
hut up in coverings 5 And fuch as lye
jareft, have their husks, skins, and pulps
about them, wherein the nebbe and
generative particle lyeth moift and fccu-
ed from the injury of Ayre and Sunne.
Darknefle and light hold interchangea
ble dominions, and alternately rule the
eminal ftate of things. Light unto a • LUX
nao is darfcnefle unto Jyfar. Legions
of feminall laaas lye in their fecond tro,
Chaos and Or? jw of Hipicrtt'ti till put- fa* nip
ing on the habits of their forms, they -*
bew themfelves upon the ftage of the
world, and open dominion of Jove*
They that held the Stars of heaven were
nit rayes and flashing glimpfes of the
Empyreall light, through holes and
perforations of the upper heaven, took
of the natural flhadows of ftars, while
according to better difcovery the poor
Inhabitants of the Moone have but
a polary life, and muft paflc half their

dayes

82 CyrM- Gar den ^ O r

daycs in the (badow of that Lumi
nary.

Light that makes things teen, makes
fome things invifible «, were it not for F
darknefic and the flhadow of the earth, l
the nobleft part of the Creation had re
mained unften, and the Stars in heaven
as invifible as on the fourth day, u hen
they were created above the Horizon,
with the Sun, or there was not an eye
to behold them. The greateft my ft cry
of Religion is expreiTed by adumbra
tion, and in the nobleft part of Jevvifh
Types, we finde the Cherubims fhadow-i
ing the Mercy-feat: Life it (elf is but!1
the (hadow of death) and fouls depart
ed but the (hadows of the living : All)]
things fall under this name. The Sunne
it (elf is but the dark fimuhcbrKWy and
light but the (badow of God.

Laftly, It is no wonder that this Quin-
cunciall order was firft and ftill affcft-
ed as grateful! unto the Eye : For all
things are fcen Quincuncially } For at
the eye the Pyramidal rayes from the
objeft, receive a decuffation 5 and fo
ftrike a fecond bafe upon the 3^f/** or

hinder

*fhe Quincunx MifticaUy Confidered.

hinder coat, the proper organ of Vifi-
on 5 wherein the pictures from obje&s
are reprefented, anfwerable to the pa
per, or wall in the dark chamber ; after
the decollation of the rayes at the hole
of the hornycoat, and their refra&ion
upon the Chriftalline humour, anfwer-
ing the/brMwe»of the window, and the
€onvex or burning-glaffcs, which refradt
the rayes that enter it. And if ancient
Anatomy would hold, a like difpolure
th^rewasof theoptickor vifual nerves
in thebrain, wherein Antiquity concei
ved a concurrence by decuflation. And
this not only obfervable in the Laws of
direft Vifion, but in fome part alfo ve
rified in the refle&ed rayes of fight.
For making the angle of incidence equal
to that of reflexion, the vifuall raye re-
turneth Quincuncially, and after the
form of a V5 and the line of reflexion
being continued unto the place of vifion,
there arifeth a femi-decufiation, which
makes the objeftfeen in a perpendicular
unto it felf, and as farre below the re-
it above 5 obferva-
N4 ble

84 Cyrus-Gar den> Or

ble in the Sun and Moon beheld in
water.

And this is alfo the law of reflexion
}n moved bodies and founds, which
though not made by decuflation, obferve
the rule of equality between incidence
and reflexion 5 whereby whifpering pla
ces are framed by Elliptical! arches laid
fide-wife ; where the voice being deli"
vered at the/ir«* of one extremity, ob-
ferving an equalhy unto the angle of in
cidence, it will rcfleft unto the fiw ol
the other end, and fo efcapc the ears oJ
the (landers in the middle.

A like rule is obferved in the refle&i-
on of the vocall and fonorous line in
Eccftoes, wfich cannot therefore be
heard in all fbtions. But happening hi
woody plantations, by waters, and able
to return fome words; if reacht by a
pleafant and well -dividing voice, there
may be heard the lofteft notes in na
ture.

And this rot only verified i
oPerce, bu< in animall and intelleftu-
all receptions. Things entringupon the
intelleft by a Pyramid from without,

and

the Quincnnx MiflicaTly Considered. 185

and thence into the memory by another
from within, the common decuflation
being in the under ftanding as is deliver
ed by *Bovitttis> Whether the intelle-
ftualand phantafticil lines be not thus
rightly difpofed,but magnified diminiih-
ed, diftorted) and ill placed in the Ma-
thematicks of fome brains, whereby
ithey have irregular apprehenfions of
things, perverted notions, conceptions*
nd incurable hallucinations,were co un-
deafant fpeculation.

And if ^Egyptian Philofophy may ob-

ain, the (bale of influences was thus dif-

>ofed, nnd the geniall fpirits of both

worlds, do trace their way in afcending

and defcending Pyramids* myftically

apprehended in the Letter X, and the o-

pen Bill and ftrad ling Legges of a Stork,

which was imitated by that Charafter.

Of this Figure Pltto made choice to il-
luftrate the motion of the foul, both of
the world and man ; while he delivereth
that God divided the whole conjutiftion
length-wife., according to the figure of a
Greek X, and then turning it about re-
fleSed it into a circle 5 By the circle im
plying

186 Cyruf-Gardei?, Or

plying the uniform motion of the firft
Orb, and by the right Iines3 the planetical
and various motions within ir. And this
alfo with application unto the foul of
man, which hath a double afpeft, one
right, whereby it beholdeth the body,
and objects without; another circular
and reciprocal, whereby it beholdeth it
felf. The circle declaring the motion of
theindivifible foul, fimple, according to
the divinity of its nature, and returning
into it felf 5 the right lines refpe&ing the
motion pertaining unto fenfe, and vege
tation, and the central decuflation, the
wondrous connexion of the feveraH fa
culties conjointly in one fubftance, And
fo conjoyned the unity and duality of the
foul, and made out the three fubftances
fo much confidered by him $ That is, the
indivifible or divine, the divisible or cor
poreal, and that third, which was the Sj-
fafis or harmony of thofe t wo,in the my-
ftical decuflation.

And if that were clearly made* out
which Juftin Martyr took for granted,
this figure hath had the honour to chara-
£erize and notifie our blefled Saviour, as

be

T^he QttincunK Mifticatty Confidered* 1 87

he delivereth in that borrowed expreffi-
on from Plttff > Decufiwit wnt in univerfe9
the hint whereof he would have Plato de
rive from the figure of the brazen Ser
pent, and to have miftaken the Letter X
for T, whereas it is not improbable, he
learned thefe and other myftical expref-
fions in his Learned Obfervations of JE-
gypt, where he might obvioufly behold
theMercurial charafters^the handed crot
fes, and other my fteries not throughly
underftood in the facred Letter X, which
being derivative from the Stork, one of
the ten facred animals, might be original
ly Egyptian, and brought into
Cadmus of that Countrey.

CHAP.

1*8

CHAP, V.

O enlarge this contemplation
all the myfterics and fecrets>
cqmodable unto this number, were
excufablePythagorifme, yet cannot
nrit the ancient conceit of five fui
med the number of a juftic?; as jui
ly dividing between the digits,
banging in the centre of Nine, del
bed by fquare numeration, which angu
larly divided will make the decuffatt J
number 5 and fo agreeable uuto tl
Quincunciall Ordination , and rowesj
divided by Equality, and juft^f
in the whole corn-plantation ; Ai
might be the Original! of that com
moo game among us, wherein the fifth
place is Soveraigne, and carrieth tl
chief intention. The Ancients wife
inftrufting youth, even in their
at ions unto virtue, that is, early to drit

The QuincunxMifticatty Considered.

at the middle point and Central Seat of
juftice.

Nor can we omit how agreeable
unto this number an handfome dtvifion
is made in Trees and Plants, fince Pht-
tarcb , and the Ancients have named it
the Divifive Number, juftly dividing
the Entities of the world , many re
markable things in it, and alfo com
prehending the * ge-
nerall divifion of Ve- a, ^Wf or, e4"4^>
getables. And he J^jfolS* £S

that confiders how and that fifth which <

moft bloflbmes of
Trees, and greateft
number of Flowers, ^^S^3 *&££
confift of five leaves $ £5£%no ^itwny yard*
and therein doth reft length-
the fetled rule of
nature ; So that in thole which exceed
there is often found, or eafily made a
variety ; may readily difcover how na
ture refts in this number., which is in
deed the firft reft and paufe of numera
tion in the fingers, the naturall Organs
thereof. Nor in the divifion of the
feet of per fe& animals doth nature ex
ceed

Cyrus- Garden, Or

cecd this account. And even in the
joints of feet , which in birds are
moft multiplied) furpafleth not this
cumber 5 So progreflionally making
them out in many^ that from five in
the fore-claw (he defcendeth unto two
in the hindemoft; And fo in fewer
feet makes up the number of joynts, in
the five fingers or toes of man*

Not to omit the Quintuple SeQion
of a a Cone, of handfome praftife in
Ornamentall Garden-plots , and in
fime way difcoverable in fo many
works of Nature 5 In the leaves, fruits,
and feeds of Vegetables, and fcales of
fome Fifties, fo much confiderable in
glades, and theoptickdoftrine; where
in the learned may confider the Cry-
ftalline humour of the eye in the cuttle
filh and Loltgo.

He that forgets not how Anttquify
named this the Conjugal! or wedding
number, and made it the Embleme of
the moft remarkable conjunction, will
conceive it duely appliable unto this
hand Tome Oeconomy , and vegetable
combination 5 May hence apprehend

the

The Qnincnnx Mijlically Confickred. 19 1

the allegoricall fence of that obfcure ex-
preffion of aH*/W, and afford no im-
probable rcafon why Pltto admitted his
Nuptiall guefts by fives, in the kindred
of the b married couple.

And though a (harper inyftery might
be implied in the Number of the five
wife and foolifli Virgins, which were
to meet the Bridegroom, yet was the
fame agreeable unto the Conjugal!
Number, which ancient Numerifts
made out by two and three , the firft
parity and imparity, the aftive and
paffive digits, the materiall and for-
mall principles in generative Societies.
And not difcordant even from the cu-
ftomes of the Romans •> who admitted
but c five Torches in their Nuptiall
folemnities. Whether there were any
myftery or not implied, the moft ge
nerative animals were created on this
day, and had accordingly the largeft
bencdiftion : And under a Quintuple
confideration , wanton Antiquity con-
fidered the Circumftances ot generati
on , while by this cumber of five they

cam-

1 9 3 Cyrus- Garden^ Or

naturally divided the Neftar of the fifth
Planet,

The fame number in the Hebrew
my fteries and Cabaliftical accounts was
the d charader of Generation 5 dccla-
red by the Letter He, the fifth in their
Alphabet ; According to that Cabali-
fticall Dogma : if Abram had not bad
this Letter added unto bis Name he
had remained fruitlefle, and without
the power of generation .- Not onely
bccaufe hereby the number of his
Name attained two hundred fourty
eight, the number of the affirmative
precepts, but becaufe as incrcated na
tures there is a male and female, fo in
divine and intelligent productions, the
mother of Life and Fountain of fouls
in Cabalifticall Techuology is called
Bittabi whofe Seal and Charader was
He. So that being fterill before, he
recived the power of generation from
that meafure and manfion in the Ar
chetype ; and was made conformable
unto 'Binab. And upon fuch involved
cJMimo confideratioas, the e ten ofSarai was

ex-

The Qnincuax MifticaUy Confldered.

exchanged into five, IF any (ball look
upon this a$ a fta We number, and fit
ly appropriable unto Trees, as Bodies
of Reft and Station., be hath herein a
great Foundation in nature, who ob-
ferving much variety in legge? and mo
tive Organs of Animals, as two, four,
fix* eight, twelve, fourteen, and more,
hath paOed over five and ten, and af-
figned them unto none, for very few,
as the Phalangium mwjtrtfuro Brafitia-
wnm> Clu/K & J*c. de Ltct. ^f.ppjffer.
America Defcript, If perfe&ly defcribed.
And for the (lability of this Number,
be (ball cot want the fphericity of its
nature, which multiplied in it (elf, will
return into its own denomination, and
bring up the reare of the account.
Which is alfo one of the Numbers
that makes up {the myfticall Name of
God, which confifting of Letters de
noting ail the fphaericall Numbers, ten,
five, and fix; Emphatically fets forth
the Notion of Tri&megiffiu*^ and that in
telligible Sphere, which is the Nature of
Cod.

O Many

194 Cyrus- Garden, Or

Many Expreffions by this Number

occurre in Holy Scripture, perhaps uii-
juftly laden with my ft i call Expoliti-
ons, and little concerning our order.
That ihe Ifraelitcs were forbidden to
cat the fruit of their new planted Trees,
before the fifth yeare , was very a-
grceable unto the naturall Rules of
Husbandry : Fruits being unwholfome
and laft, before the fourth, or fifth
Yearc. in the fecond day or FemU
nire part of five, there was added no
approbation. Fcr in the third or maf*
culine day, the fame is twice repeat
ed; 2nd a double benedi&ion icclo-
fed both Creations, whereof the one,
in fome part was but an accomplift-
6 . ment of the other. That the Trefpaf-
fer was to pay a fifth part above the
head or principal!, makes no fecret in
this Number, and implied CD more
then one part above the principal! 9
which feeing confidered in four parts,
the additienall forfeit muft bear the
Name of a fift. The five golden mice
had plainly their determination from

the

fbeQrincunx MijHcallyConfidered.

the number of the Princes 5 That five
fhould put to flight an hundred might
have nothing my ftically imply ed 5 con-
fidering a rank of Souldiers could fcarce
confift of a leflcr number. Saint Paul
bad rather fpeak five words in a known
then ten thoufend in an unknowne
tongue : That is as little as could well
befpoken. A iimple proposition con-
fitting of three words and a com-
plexed one not ordinarily ftort of
five*

More considerable there are in this
myfticall account, which we muft not
infift on. And therefore why the radi-
call Letters in the Pentateuch, fhould
equall the number of the Souldiery of
the Tribes; Why our Saviour in the
Wildernefle fed five thou&nd perfons
with five Barley Loaves, aod again, but
four thoufand with no lefle then feven
of Wheat? Why Jofefb defigned five
changes of Rayment unto Zen]ami*?
and David took juft five pibbles out
of the Brook againft the Pagan Cham-
f We leave it unto Arithmeu-
O2 call

Cyras- Garden, Or

call Divinity, and Thcologicall expla
nation.

Yet if any delight in new Problemea,
or think it worth the enquiry , whe
ther thcGriticall Phyfician hath rightly
hit the Dotnioall notation of Quinque,
Why the Ancients mixed five or three
bat not four parts of water unto their
Wine: And Hippocrates obferved a
fifth proportion in the mixture of wa
ter with milk» as in Dyfentcries and
bloudy fluxes. Under what abftrufe
foundation Aftrologers do Figure the
good or bad Fate from our Children,
in * good Fortune., or the fifth houfe

of lheir CclcftiaH Schemes. Whether
the name the ./Egyptians defcribed a Starre by a

^ t. y * u *^» rf* /* • * *t t*

»*-» ^^^^jj m m

Figure of five points, with reference

, the b five Capitall afpefts, where

opppfitc, by they traafmit their Influences, or
abftniferConfidcrattons^ Why theCa-
balifticall Doftors, who conceive cbe
\vho\eStpbirothy or divine emanations
to have guided *hc teo-ftringed Harp of
David, whereby he pacified the evil
fpirit of &w/, in Arid numeration doe

begin

fhe Quincunx Mifticatty Conjickred.

with the Perihypate Mefon, or
ff fi at, and fo place the Tiphereth
anfoering C fol fa ur, upon die fifth
firing: Or whether this number be
oftncr applied unto bad things and
ends, then good in holy Scripture , and
why ? He may meet with abftrufitks of
no ready reiblution.

If any fhall queftion the rationality
of that Magick, in the cure of the blind
man by sertpfr, commanded to place
five fingers on his Altar, and then his
hand on his Eyes ? Why fince the
whole Comoedy is primarily and natu
rally cpmprifed in c four parts, and cry?*
Antiquity permitted not fo many per-
fans to fpeak in one Scene, yet would
not comprehend the fame in more or
kfle then five afts t Whyamongft Sea-
ftarres nature chiefly delighteth in five
points? And fince there are foond feme
of no fewer then twelve, and fonae of
feven, and nine there are few or none
difcovered of fix or eight I If any (hall
enquire why the Flowers of fa* pro
perly confift of fourLea vesjThe firft and

O; third

19*

folium.

the haod i What that decollated Figure
intcndeth in the noedall of Alexander
the Great ? Why the Goddefles fit com
monly

Quincunx MifticaHy Confidered \ 9 9

monly croffe4 m ^ w

Since Juno is defcribcd in the fame as a
veneficial pofture to hinder the birih of
Hercules? If any (hall doubt why it
the Amphidromicall Feafts , on the fifth
day after the Childe was born prefects
were fent from friends, of Pohp*Qi$t
and Curtle-fifbes ? Why five muft be
only left in that Symbolical! mutiny
among the men ofCadm^ ? Why Pw-
ttus in Homer the Symbole of the firft
matter, before be fetled himfeU in the
midft of his Sea-monfters, doth place
them oat by fives? Why the fifth years
Oxe was acceptable Sacrifice unto Japf-
tcr f Or why the Noble <^4*toni*«* in
fome fence doth call the foul it feif a
Rhombus? He fhallnot fallen trice or
trivial! difquifition^ And thcfc we in
vent and propofe unto acuter enquirers,
naufeating crambe verities and qaefti-
onsover-queried.Flat and flexible truths
are beat out by every hammer ; But fW-
c*n and his whole forge fweat to work
out Whiffet his armour . A large field is
yet left unto (harper difceroers to ca-

O4 large

COO

large upon this order, to fearch out the
quaternws and figured draughts of this
nature, and moderating the ftudy of
names,and meer nomenclature of plants,
to ereft general! ties, difclofe unobferved
proprieties) not only in the vegetable
(hop, but the whole volume of nature; ;
affording delightful Truths , confirma-
ble by fenfe and ocular Obfervation,
which feems to me the fureft path, to
trace the Labyrinth of Truth, For1!
though difcur five enquiry and rationall ;
conjeftnre, may leave handfome gaft- ;
es and fleflKwounds; yet without con-
j unftion of this expeft no mortal or dif-
i w*i* patcbiM; blows unto errour.
ncartf* ^ *c a C^ocuftx of Heaven runs
Horizon lo w,and 'tis time to clofe the five ports of
D^ht*^ knowledges We are unwilling to fpin out
that time, our awaking thoughts into the phan-
taimes of fleep , which often continu-
eth prxcogitations ; making Cables of
*>Dthfom- Cobwebbesand Wildernefles of hand-
fome Groves* Befide b fty/wr^to harh
fpoke fo little and the c Oneirocriticall
Matters, have left fijch frigid Jaterpre-

tations

The Quincunx MifticaUy Confidcred. act

rations from plants , that there is little
encouragement to dream of Paradife
itfelf. Nor will the fweeteft delight
of Gardens afford much comfort in
Deep 5 wherein the dulnefle of that fcofe
(hakes hands with deledable odours 5
and though in the d Bed of cleopstrA, * Strewed
can hardly with any delight raife up the *** rofcl-
ghoftof aRofe.

Night which Pagan Theology could
make the daughter of Chaos, affords no
advantage to the defcription of order *
Although no lower then that Maffecan
we derive its Genealogy. All things be
gan in order, fo (ball they end, and fo
hall they begin again 5 according to the
ordainerof order and myftical Mathc-
maticks of the City of Heaven.

Though Sown* in Homer be fent to
rowfc up Agtmcmnon^ I finde no fuchef-
Feds in thefe drowfy approaches of flecp.
To keep our eyes open longer were but
to ad our Axtipodes. The Huntfmen are
up in America^ and they are already paft
their firftfleepiajPif^f* But who can be

IO3 Cyrus-Garden, Or

drowfie at that howr which freed
from everlafting deep? or have flum-
bring thoughts at that time, when
it (elf muftend, and asfomc eonjcdiii
all (ball awake again ?

VSEV

BK1TAN
MCTM

f i ac/ s.

THE

STATIONER

1 TO THE

READER.

I Cannot omit to advertife,
that a Book was published not
long fince, Entituled, Natnref
Cabinet Vnlockt) bearing the
Name of this Authour: If any
man have been benefited thereby
this Authour is not fo ambitious
as to challenge the honour there
of, as having no hand in that
Work. To diftinguifli of true
and fpurious Pecces was the O-
figinall Criticifme, and fome
were fo handfomely counterfeit
ed, that the Entitled Authours
needed not to difdaime them.

But

But fince it is fo, that either he
muft write himfclf, or Others
will write for him, I know no
better Prevention then to a&
his own part with lefie intermit
fion of his Pen.

Books

j Books Printed for Hen. Broonte
at the Gun in Ivy-Lane.

\ The Souls Confift> Being Eight Sermons,
fix whereof were preached at Oxford.
?bc Queens Exchange A Comedy, By
Richard Brome.

I Two EjJaysrfLoveandiMarriage.

j The Grand Impoftor Examine^ Or, tie life

and TriaSof James Nayler.
The Souls Ttmrnkej, Being a Conference
betwixt Mr Hwnm and Mr T«^e Mo
derator of </'• c°tt- in London*

Books now in the Pre/e which mlljhortly
be extant.

The Affinity offacredLitnrgiefy By Hamon

LEjlraage, Efq.
Five New Comedies which were never

before publifiht. By Richard tironte,
A Learned And. much defreA£ommtnttty

on the whole Epiftte to the Philipptans^

By Natb. Tucker Late Preacher of the

Gofpel at Port/mouth.

a

CO

3

CO

n>

o

1

Browne, Sir Thomas
Hydriotaphia

FEB 231990