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Memori

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(From Bullet

al Museum, October 238, 1913.)

No. 1, Victo

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Canada
Geological Survey

Victoria Memorial Museum
BULLETIN No. 1

XV.—Hydroids from Vancouver Island.

By C. McLean FRassEr.

This report on the Vancouver Island Hydroids contains
nothing essentially new, with the exception of some references
to material collected in 1910 by Mr. W. Spreadborough in the
neighbourhood of the Queen Charlotte islands. The basis for
the report is the material already worked up for the paper on
“The Hydroids of the west coast of North America”,
published in May 1911, as a Bulletin from the laboratories of
natural history of the State University of Iowa.

The purpose of the report is simply to put in one list all the
species that have been collected from the coasts of Vancouver
island and to give, where possible, some notes as to their habitat,
etc., that may be useful to anyone collecting hydroids in these
waters. No one realizes more fully than the writer does, that
this list represents but very poorly the hydroid fauna of the
district, but everything must have a beginning, and what has
been done already will form a basis for future work.

Judging from the luxuriance of the specimens obtained from
the west coast of the island and on northward to the Queen Char-
lotte islands, I am firmly convinced that some systematic
dredging would bring to light a hydroid fauna which would
equal in richness that of any other coast. Nor is it necessary
to stop at Queen Charlotte islands, as the work that has been
done off the coast of Alaska gives’an indication of how rich the
fauna is in that region. Between Vancouver island and the
mainland at all points are conditions quite different from those

148 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

on the open coast, but in many cases no less suitable for many
forms of marine life. The islands are so numerous that there is
a great extent of shore line with all varieties of exposed and
sheltered, bluff headlands and sloping beaches. Best of all are
the areas in the larger straits and bays at the termini of the
narrow channels where the tide-rip brings such an abundance
of food supply for all sorts of marine forms. To give one
illustration: in Northumberland strait at a point about 5
miles southeast of Nanaimo, Dodds narrows enters it from the
west, while Gabriola island forms a boundary to the east. At
low slack tide Dodds narrows seems a rather insignificant
passage, but when the tide turns and rushes through it must be
a powerful boat that can make headway against it. Ina small
area in the strait at or near the mouth of the narrows, over 20
species of hydroids were obtained in a couple of hours’ dredging.
Such situations abound in the Gulf of Georgia.

The work has only been started but it promises well. If at
some time in the near future the Department of Fisheries could
see its way clear to equip and man a boat to do such work as
the “Albatross” and the “Fishhawk”’ have been doing and are
doing for the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, there need be no lack of
opportunity for doing good work. If such were carried out, it
would not be long before the number of species of hydroids
reported would be many times the present number.

The collections that have been reported on are as follows: (1)
Some shore forms collected by the writer at the Minnesota
Seaside Station, in the summer of 1903. (2) Material collected
by Rev. G. W. Taylor, on a trip to Queen Charlotte islands and
other points to the north of Vancouver island, previous to 1908.
(3) Collections made at Departure bay in 1908 and 1909. These
consisted of shore forms near the laboratory on the mainland,
and on the various islands near by, of forms dredged right in
the bay between the station and the outer islands and some
dredged farther out, outside of Newcastle island and over
towards Gabriola island. (4) Collections made chiefly by
dredging in Northumberland strait, at the entrance to Dodds
narrows and reported in the West Coast paper as from Dodds
narrows. (5) Some shore material collected by Mr. John
Macoun at Victoria in 1908. (6) Collections made by Dr. A.

HYDROIDS FROM VANCOUVER ISLAND 149

G. Huntsman and by Messrs. Macoun, Spreadborough, and
Young off Amphitrite point near Ucluelet in 1909. (7) Material
collected off Queen Charlotte islands by Mr. Spreadborough
in 1910.

In giving the names of the species I have made no attempt
at giving synonymy, but instead have referred to the page in
the paper on the West Coast Hydroids where the synonymy
may be obtained.

VANCOUVER IsLAND Hyprorps.

ENDOCRYPTA HUNTSMANI Fraser.—(p. 19). ‘The generic name
Crypta was at first used for this species, but later it was found
that the name was preoccupied in both the Mollusca and the
Coleoptera and notice of the change was published in Science
Vol. XXXV, No. 893. Feb. 9, 1912, p. 216.

It would be of interest to investigate further the life history
of this species. Its habitat, so far as I am aware, is entirely
unique. The location in which it is found seems a very suitable
one for obtaining a food supply, while the fact that so many
colonies were found would indicate that their presence was not
a matter of accident. If one could only find out how much of
the life cycle was passed within the branchial basket of the
ascidian it might give an indication of the way in which these
colonies are implanted without being injured in any way by the
ascidian. I knew nothing about the species until within a few
days of my departure, hence though I got a good many colonies
they were almost all obtained in the one day, and were all within
a comparatively narrow range of development.

The ascidians containing the specimens were all obtained by
dredging in the shallow water near the station, principally be-
tween Brandon island and the mainland and seldom in more
than 7 or 8 fathoms of water.

SYNCORYNE MIRABILIS (Agassiz).—(p. 21). This species has
not been reported from Canadian waters from the west coast
unless Agassiz’ reference from the Gulf of Georgia applies. In
the material collected by Mr. Spreadborough at Queen Char-
lotte islands there were numerous specimens growing on Gar-
vera annulata.

150 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

GARVBIA ANNULATA Nutting.—(p. 22). Some small speci-
mens were obtained at Port Renfrew. They were growing on
& sponge attached to the surface of overhanging rock just below
extreme low water. Those collected at Ucluelet were growing
on & sponge also. Mr. Spreadborough obtained some excellent
specimens, much larger than the others, at Queen Charlotte
islands.

PERIGONIMUS REPENS (Wright).—(p. 24). Only a few speci-
mens were obtained growing on small gastropod shells in the
deep waters of Departure bay in about 15 or 20 fathoms.

KUDENDRIUM CALIFORNICUM Torrey.—(p. 24). Some speci-
mens were found at Port Renfrew, attached to the rocks at low
tide. Those obtained at Ucluelet were finer specimens.

HYDRACTINIA AGGREGATA Fraser.—(p. 25). The gastropod
shells on which these specimens were found, were dredged near
the rocky ledge in front of the laboratory, in from 5 to 8 fathoms.

HYDRACTINIA MILLERI Torrey.—(p. 27). Fairly common at
Port Renfrew; found growing over colonies of encrusting bry-
oz0a. These masses can be chipped off readily bringing the
colonies of Hydractinia with them.

TUBULARIA cRocBA (Agassiz).—(p. 27). Some specimens
growing on a piece of stick were obtained in some material col-
lected by Mr. Taylor at Port Simpson.

TUBULARIA HARRIMANI Nutting.—(p. 28). One lot of fine
specimens was obtained at Port Renfrew.

CAMPANULARIA DENTICULATA Clark.—(p. 29). Somewhat
common on the laminaria growing in the shallow water to the
east of the station.

CAMPANULARIA ExIGuA (Sars).—(p. 30). A few specimens
were found growing on Garveia annulata, in the Ucluelet ma-
terial.

CAMPANULARIA GRENLANDICA Levinsen.—(p. 31). As pre-
viously stated, but one specimen was found, this growing on
Lafea gracillima at Port Renfrew.

CAMPANULARIA KINCAIDA Nutting.—(p. 31). There was but
one representative of the species, from Dodds narrows. In
this case as in the previous one the individual specimen was in.
such good condition that there was no difficulty with the diag-
nosis.

HYDROIDS FROM VANCOUVER ISLAND 151

CAMPANULARIA RARIDENTATA Alder.—(p. 32.) Specimens
from Departure bay and from material obtained by Mr. Taylor,
from the Queen Charlotte islands, were found growing on fucus
holdfasts.

CAMPANULARIA URCEOLATA Clark.—(p. 33). Apparently very
abundant at Queen Charlotte islands, as, in the material collected
by Mr. Taylor as well as that collected by Mr. Spreadborough,
the colonies growing over other hydroids were numerous. It
was quite plentiful in the Dodds Narrows material, growing on
Abietinaria filicula and at Port Renfrew on EHudendrium califor-
nicum.

CAMPANULARIA VERTICILLATA (Linnzus).—(p. 33). The best
specimens were obtained by Mr. Taylor from Queen Charlotte
islands; those from Dodds narrows were badly broken up and
there were not many of them.

CAMPANULARIA VOLUBILIS (Linnzeus).—(p. 34). Rather
scarce in both Banks Island and Ucluelet material.

CLYTIA EDWARDsI (Nutting).—(p. 34). Abundant, growing
on the laminaria in shallow water east of the station in the bay.

EUCcOPELLA EVERTA (Clark).—(p. 37). At Port Renfrew this
species was growing on a small stalked ascidian and in Departure
bay on laminaria in company with Sertularella turgida.

GONOTHYR#A CLARKI (Marktanner-Turneretscher).—(p. 37).
This species and Clytia edwardsi are the commonest of the Cam-
panularian species in the Departure Bay neighbourhood.
This does not signify that they are found together. Clytia
edwardsi is found almost entirely on laminaria within the bay;
Gonothyrea clarki is found growing on the smaller alge in tide
pools in more exposed locations, e. g. on the outlying rocks at the
east and the west of the entrance of Hammond bay.

OBELIA BOREALIS Nutting.—(p. 38). Plentiful in the Ucluelet
material.

OBELIA DICHOTOMA (Linnzus).—(p. 38). Not very plentiful
in Departure bay. Specimens obtained from Newcastle island.

OBELIA DUBIA Nutting.—(p. 38). Not common though found
in small quantities at Ucluelet, Dodds narrows, Departure bay,
and later at Queen Charlotte islands.

OBELIA GRIFFINI Calkins.—(p. 39.) But one colony found at
Departure bay.

24853—10

152 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

OBELIA LONGISSIMA (Pallas).—(p. 39). A few specimens from
Departure bay, some from Dodds narrows in poor condition
and some from the material from Banks island.

OBELIA PLICcATA Hincks.—(p. 39). Not common, but a few

good specimens were obtained by dredging near the rocky ledge —

in the bay.

CALYCELLA pyGM4a Alder.—(p. 41). Common in Departure
bay and Dodds narrows.

CALYCELLA SYRINGA (Linnzus).—(p. 42). Plentiful in the
material from Banks and Queen Charlotte islands.

In my former paper I discussed these two species at some
length. Since that paper was written I have had the oppor-
tunity of studying material from many localities along the
Atlantic coast only to find that the same differences exist there
as here. The difference in size seems to be rather definite, but
it seems strange when so many specimens of the smaller form
have been found that the gonosome has never appeared, while
it is commonly found with the larger form. Until a gonosome
is found with the smaller or until its life history is further worked
out than it is at present, it is impossible to say whether or not
it is a distinct species. For the present, on account of the
difference in size, it seems better to retain the two specific names.

CUSPIDELLA HUMILIS (Alder).—(p. 44). Common on Lafea-
gracillima dredged outside of the main entrance to Departure
bay, 25 fathoms.

LOVENELLA PRODUCTA (Sars).—(p. 44). Few specimens
growing on serpulid tubes in material dredged in Dodds nar-
rows.

HALECIUM ANNULATUM Torrey.—(p. 46.) Growing on alge
at Port Renfrew and Dodds narrows and on stalked ascidians
at Ucluelet.

HALEcIUM DENSUM Calkins.—(p. 47). Excellent specimens
of this species were obtained from Port Renfrew at low tide,
and from Ucluelet at a depth of 30 fathoms.

HaLECIUM HALECINUM (Linneus).—(p. 47). <A single colony
dredged in 10 fathoms at Ucluelet.

HALECIUM WASHINGTONI Nutting.—(p. 50). A few speci-
mens were dredged at Dodds narrows.

HYDROIDS |} ROM VANCOUVER ISLAND 153

HALEciumM witsont Calkins.—(p. 49). Many fine specimens
were dredged in Ships channel, Barkley sound, in 25 fathoms.,

GRAMMARIA IMMERSA Nutting.—(p. 51). A fine large speci-
men was obtained at Dodds narrows by dredging.

Lara@a pumosa (Fleming).—(p. 51). Common everywhere
from below low tide mark to the depth of the deepest dredgings
made (about 30 fathoms). Found in materials from Banks
island, Departure bay, Dodds narrows, Ucluelet and Port
Renfrew.

LAFGA GRACILLIMA (Alder).—(p. 52). Found as plentifully
- and under much the same conditions as the preceding, in all the
localities mentioned except Banks island.

ABIETINARIA ABIETINA (Linnzus).—(p. 57). Common in
dredged material but not a shore form. Found at Banks
island, Departure bay, Dodds narrows, and Ucluelet.

ABIETINARIA AMPHORA Nutting.—(p. 58). Several fine speci-
mens, loaded with gonophores, were obtained near low-tide at
Ucluelet and Port Renfrew and one specimen was dredged at
Dodds narrows.

ABIETINARIA ANGUINA (Trask).—(p. 58.) Found in shallow
water at Port Renfrew and Ucluelet.

ABIETINARIA FILICULA (Ellis and Solander).—(p. 60). Some
specimens were obtained by Mr. John Macoun along the shore
at Beacon Hill Park, Victoria, and some were dredged at Dodds
narrows. |

ABIETINARIA GREENEI (Murray).—(p. 61). One of the very
common species on the Vancouver Island coasts. It does not
seem to thrive where the water is at all foul but where the water
is clear it may be found growing in large clusters under over-
hanging rocks or in crevices often near the low tide mark but
sometimes at a much greater depth. The finest specimens were
obtained from Port Renfrew and Ucluelet, but others were
found in Departure bay and Dodds narrows.

ABIETINARIA TRASKI (Torrey).—(p. 63). Somewhat common
in dredged material in Departure bay and Dodds narrows.
The stem is slender but rather rigid and the relatively short
branches break off from the stem rather easily, hence it is not
always a simple matter to get a perfect specimen.

24853—103

154 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

ABIETINARIA VARIABILIS (Clark).—(p. 65). Obtained only
from material collected from Queen Charlotte islands.

DIPHASIA CLAR& Fraser.—(p. 64). Only a couple of speci-
mens from Queen Charlotte islands.

HypraLtMania pistans Nutting.—(p. 65). Common at
Ucluelet in 9 fathoms and in Dodds narrows at the same or
greater depth.

SELAGINOPSIS CYLINDRICA (Clark).—(p. 65). Found only in
material collected off Queen Charlotte islands.

SELAGINOPSIS MIRABILIS (Verrill).—(p. 66). Specimens from
material dredged in Northumberland strait, 20 fathoms.

SELAGINOPSIS PINNATA Mereschkowsky.—(p. 66). One fine
colony was obtained from Queen Charlotte islands.

SERTULARELLA contca Allman.—(p. 68) Found in shallow
water growing on small worm tubes at Ucluelet and Port Ren-
frew.

SERTULARELLA TRICUSPIDATA (Alder).—(p. 71). Common in
the dredged material in Departure bay and Northumberland
Strait.

SERTULARELLA TuRGIDA (Trask).—(p. 71). Most widely
distributed Sertularian on the Vancouver Island coasts. It
grows in the shallow water, even up to low tide mark, as well as
in deep water. It was collected at Ucluelet, Port Renfrew,
Victoria, Northumberland strait, and Departure bay. The
short stiff colonies with the large hydrothece are readily re-
cognized.

SERTULARIA FURCATA Trask.—(p. 72). Some especially fine
colonies of this species were obtained by Mr. John Macoun at
Ucluelet. They were growing on small nereocystis stems
and in each case formed a complete coat for some inches along
the stem.

THUIARIA ARGENTEA (Linneus).—(p. 75). This was not
previously reported but was found in the material collected
off the Queen Charlotte islands by Mr. Spreadborough.

THUIARIA DALLI Nutting.—(p. 75). Common about Depart
ure bay at low tide, especially at the northwest end of New-
castle island and on some of the smaller islands. It has been
obtained as well from Northumberland strait and Ucluelet.

HYDROIDS FROM VANCOUVER ISLAND 155

THUIARIA FABRICII (Levinsen).—(p. 76). Rare, found only
in Northumberland strait.

THUIARIA sIMILIS (Clark).—(p. 77). Commonly dredged
in Departure bay and Northumberland strait in 10-25 fathoms,
but not so common here as in the San Juan archipelago.

THUIARIA THUJA (Linnzus).—(p. 78). Two specimens were
obtained in material from Banks island.

AGLAOPHENIA STRUTHIONIDES (Murray).—(p. 80). Very
common around the south end of the island from Victoria to
Ucluelet but not observed north of Victoria on the east side of
the island. The large clusters of long symmetrical plumes
make this species one of the most conspicuous as well as the
most beautiful of the hydroid forms in this region.

PLUMULARIA GOODEI Nutting.—(p. 82). A few specimens of
this delicate little plumularian were found near low water at
Port Renfrew.

PLUMULARIA LAGENIFERA Allman.—(p. 82). This is the
commonest plumularian in the region, While Aglaophenia
struthionides seems to have reached its northern limit near the
southern end of the island, Plumularia lagenifera extends much
farther north. Specimens were obtained by Mr. Taylor at
Hope island and many specimens were obtained from De-
parture bay and Northumberland strait. Much the finest
specimens were obtained from Ucluelet.

PLUMULARIA PALMERI Nutting.—(p. 84). A few specimens
were obtained at Ucluelet.

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Canada
Geological Survey

Victoria Memorial Museum
BULLETIN No. 1

XVI.—Hydroids from Nova Scotia.
By C. McLean FRASER.

The material for this report was collected in distant local-
ties, at times some distance apart. Much of it was collected
by the writer in the neighbourhood of Canso, the extreme
eastern point of the mainland, in the summer of 1902, when
the Marine Biological Laboratory was located temporarily
at that place; the remainder was collected by Mr. John Macoun,
in the neighbourhood of Barrington Passage at the extreme
southern end of the peninsula, in the summer of 1910.

At Canso, the numerous old wharves and piles afford good
collecting ground within the harbour. There are numerous
islands in the vicinity, but as their shore line consists usually
of hard smooth granite, comparatively few species are to be
found. In Chedabucto bay, by dredging in from 20 to 50
fathoms of water many fine specimens were found, but the
bottom is so rough and rocky that dredging is rather a slow
process, and conditions are very similar near by in the open
Atlantic. A good opportunity was afforded for getting some
fine specimens from the Codbanks. Cod fishing was carried
on in about 45 to 50 fathoms with the trawl lines. Very often
the trawl hooks brought stalked ascidians or pieces of rock
to which were attached specimens of hydroids. Taking
everything into consideration, therefore, the conditions gave
variety enough to obtain some interesting specimens.

At Barrington Passage, the specimens were obtained from
shallow water to a depth of 5 fathoms.

158 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

Of the 50 species reported, two are new, viz., Campanularia
magnifica and Cryptolaria triserialis. Three others, Campanu-
laria grenlandica, Lafea symmetrica, and Halectum minutum
have not previously been reported from the east coast of North
America.

My thanks are due to Professor Nutting for his assistance
in this as well as other hydroid work I have done, and to my
wife who has made the drawings.

Systematic DISCUSSION.

No family or genus has been defined in this paper because,
with the exception of the Genus Cryptolaria, they have been
defined in my West Coast paper, and are here used with the
same significance. With regard to the genus mentioned, there
has been no disagreement among the authors who have used it.
In the synonymy I have given the original reference for the
species in each case, and besides this, when possible, some
references to papers dealing with localities not very far distant.
It is for that reason that Prof. Nutting’s paper on the Woods
Hole region appears so often, and also that of J. F. Whiteaves,
although the latter gives no definitions and little synonymy.

Full descriptions of several of the species appear in two of
my own papers that are still in manuscript, viz: “Some Beau-
fort Hydroids,” being published by the U. 8. Bureau of Fish-
eries, and ‘‘Some notes on New England Hydroids”’ being
published in a Bulletin from the Laboratories of Natural History
of the State University of Iowa.

HYDROIDS FROM NOVA SCOTIA 159
- CLAVIDE.
Genus CLAva.
CLAVA LEPTOSTYLA Agassiz.

Clava leptostyla Agassiz, Cont. Nat. Hist. U.S., Vol. IV, 1862,
p. 218.

Clava leptostyla Verrill, Invert. An. of Vineyard sound, 1874,
p. 328.

Clava lepiostyla Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
paz: |

Clava leptostyla Whiteaves, Marine Invertebrates of Eastern
Canada, 1901, p. 18.

On piles of the wharves and on stones, at or near low water,
not very abundant. Canso.

BouGAINVILLIDA.
Genus BouGAINVILLIA.
BOUGAINVILLIA CAROLINENSIS (McCrady).

Hippocrene carolinensis McCrady, Gymn. of Charleston har.,
1857, p. 62.

Margelis carolinensis Agassiz, Cont. Nat. Hist. U.S., Vol. IV,
1862, p. 344.

Margelis carolinensis Verrill, Invert. An. of Vineyard sound,
1874, p. 733.

Bougainvillia carolinensis Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole,
1901, p. 330.

On rocks at low water, Grassy island, Canso. Not previously
reported from Nova Scotia.

160 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO.
EUDENDRID&.
Genus HuDENDRIUM.
EUDENDRIUM DISPAR Agassiz.

Eudendrium dispar Agassiz, Cont. Nat. Hist. U.S., Vol. IV,
1862, p. 285.

Eudendrium dispar Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 332.

Eudendrium dispar Whiteaves, Marine Invert. of Eastern
Canada, 1901, p. 20.

Collected by Mr. John Macoun, in 5 fathoms, Barrington
Passage.

EUDENDRIUM RAMOSUM (Linnzus).

Tubularia ramosa Linnzus, Systema Nature, 1758, p. 804.

Eudendrium ramosum Hincks, British Hydroid Zoophytes,
1868, p. 82.

Eudendrium ramosum Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 332.

Eudendrium ramosum Whiteaves, Marine Invert. of Eastern
Canada, 1901, p. 19.

One specimen on a Buccinum shell, dredged in 45 fathoms,
Chedabucto bay, Canso.

EUDENDRIUM TENUE A. Agassiz.

Eudendrium tenue A. Agassiz, North American Acalephe,
1865, p. 160. 3

Eudendrium tenue Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 333.

Eudendrium tenue Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 20.

Plentiful on mussel shells, near low water in the harbour.
Canso.

HYDROIDS FROM NOVA SCOTIA 161
HYDRACTINID&.
Genus HypractINIA.
HYDRACTINIA ECHINATA (Fleming).

Alcyonium echinatum Fleming, British Animals, 1828, p. 517.
Hydractinia echinata Hincks, British Hydroid Zoophytes, 1868,
p. 23.

Hydractinia polyclina Agassiz, Cont. Nat. Hist. U.S., Vol. IV,
1862, p. 227.

Hydractinia polyclina Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 335.

Hydractinia echinata Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 21.

Common on Littorina shells inhabited by hermit crabs and
on small stones, at low water in the harbour, Canso.

CoRYMORPHID&.
Genus CoRYMORPHA.
CoRYMORPHA PENDULA Agassiz.

Corymorpha pendula Agassiz, Cont. Nat. Hist. U.S., Vol. IV,
1862, p. 227.

Corymorpha pendula Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 337.

Monocaulis glacialis Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 21.

Two specimens dredged from muddy bottom at a depth of
50 fathoms, in the Atlantic at the entrance to Chedabucto bay,
Canso. .

162 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I
TUBULARID.
Genus TUBULARIA.
TUBULARIA CROCEA (Agassiz).

Parypha crocea Agassiz, Cont. Nat. Hist. U. 8., Vol. IV, 1862,
p. 249.

Parypha crocea Verrill, Invert. An. Vineyard sound, 1874,
p. 390.

Tubularia crocea Nutting. Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 340.

Plentiful on mussel shells attached to piles and on rocks in
shallow water, in the harbour, Canso.

TUBULARIA LARYNX Ellis and Solander.

Tubularia larynx E. and 8., Nat. Hist. of Zoophytes, 1786, p. 31.

Tubularia larynx Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 338.

Tubularia larynx Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 20.

Collected at a depth of 4 fathoms, by Mr. John Macoun;
Barrington Passage.

TUBULARIA TENELLA (Agassiz).

Thamnocnidia tenella Agassiz, Cont. Nat. Hist. U.S., 1862,
p. 275.

Tubularia tenella Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 339. |

Tubularia tenella Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 20.

On mussel shells below low water mark, on exposed shores,
Canso.

HYDROIDS FROM NOVA SCOTIA 163
CAMPANULARID&.
Genus CAMPANULABRIA.
CAMPANULARIA AMPHORA (Agassiz).

Laomedea amphora Agassiz, Cont. Nat. Hist. U.S., IV, 1862,
p. 311.

Campanularia amphora Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole,
1901, p. 347.

On mussel shells under Hart’s wharf, and on rocky coast,
Canso.

CAMPANULARIA FLEXUOSA (Hincks).

Laomedea flexuosa Hincks, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd
ser. VIII, 1861, p. 260.

Campanularia flecuosa Hincks, British Hydroid Zoophytes,
1868, p. 168.

Campanularia fleruosa Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole,
1901, p. 348.

Campanularia flexuosa Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern
Can., 1901, p. 22.

One of the most abundant hydroids on the coast, found grow-
ing everywhere at or near low water, on rocks, seaweeds, etc.

CAMPANULARIA GR@NLANDICA Levinsen.

Campanularia grenlandica Levinsen, Meduser, Ctenophorer
og Hydroider fra Greenlands Vestkyst, 1893, p. 26.

Several specimens of this fine species were found growing on
Sertularella tricuspidata attached to the stalk of an ascidian,
brought up by a trawl hook from a depth of 50 fathoms on the
Canso Banks in the Atlantic, 7 or 8 miles east of Canso.
This species has not been reported previously from the east
coast of North America, south of Greenland.

164 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I
CAMPANULARIA MAGNIFICA new species.

Plate XI, figs. 1-38.

Trophosome. Colonies consisting of solitary individuals grow-
ing from a stout stolon which is not annulated but may be slightly
sinuous. The hydrothece are very large, as much as 2-5mm.
in length and with greatest width about 0-8mm. They are
nearly tubular with a tendency to be slightly urceolate. The
margin is slightly flaring, is crenulated with 10 or 12 elevations
and depressions. A series of parallel lines pass down vertically
from the margin for about one-third the length of the hydrotheca.
The pedicels vary much in length but never exceed twice the
length of the hydrotheca. They are annulated throughout.

Gonosome. ‘The gonangia are very large also. The male and
female are similar in size and shape, somewhat longer than
the hydrothece and also broader at the greatest diameter.
The gonangium is supported on a very short pedicel, is almost
oval in shape except that the distal end is drawn out into a
long bottle-neck. The aperture is circular, occupying the
whole of the distal end. A few corrugations, low and not
very noticeable, are present on the broad proximal portion.

Distribution. Several specimens, in close company with
Halecium tenellum, attached to a stalked ascidian, were brought
up by a trawl hook from a depth of 50 fathoms on the Canso
Banks.

The trophosome of this species bears a great resemblance to
that of Campanularia speciosa Clark!. Prof. Nutting had
some of Clark’s original specimens from Shumagin islands,
Alaska, and by using those I was able to make a comparison
of the two. The hydrotheca is more urceolate in C. speciosa than
in C. magnifica and the stolon is distinctly annulated, but in
other respects they are very similar; when the gonosome is
present there is no difficulty as the obconical gonangium of
C’. speciosa bears little resemblance to the elongated gonangium
of C. magnifica. I have made a drawing of C. speciosa from a
Shumagin Island specimen, showing the hydrotheca and the
gonangium to the same scale so that the two species may be
compared (See Plate XI, fig. 4).

IClark, 8. F. Alaskan Hydroids, 1876, p. 24.

HYDROIDS FROM NOVA SCOTIA 165
CAMPANULARIA NEGLECTA (Alder).

Laomedea neglecta Alder, Cat. Zooph. Northumberland and
Durham, 1857, p. 33.

Campanularia neglecta Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole,
1901, p. 346.

Growing on Obelia commissuralis under the wharves, Canso.

CAMPANULARIA VERTICILLATA (Linnzus).

Sertularia verticillata Linnzus, Systema Nature, 1758, p. 811.

Campanularia verticillata Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole,
1901, p. 347.

Campanularia verticillata Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern
Can., 1901, p. 22.

On rocks brought from a depth of 50 fathoms, east in the
Atlantic and in Chedabucto bay, Canso.

CAMPANULARIA VOLUBILIS (Linnzus).

Seriularia volubilis Linnzus, Systema Nature, 1767, p. 1311.

Campanularia volubilis Verrill, Invert. An. Vineyard sound,
1874, p. 408.

Campanularia volubilis Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole,
1901, p. 345.

Campanularia volubilis Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern
Can., 1901, p. 22.

On bryozoan, collected by Mr. John Macoun in 5 fathoms,
Barrington Passage; on stalked ascidians and on Sertularella
tricuspidata growing on these stalks, in 50 fathoms, Canso Banks.

Genus CLYTIA.
CuyTIA JOHNSTONI (Alder).
Campanularia johnstoni Alder, Cat. Zooph. Northumb. and

Durham, 1857, p. 36.
Clytia bicophora Agassiz, Cont. Nat. Hist. U.S., IV, 1862, p.
304. 7
Clytia bicophora Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901, p.
343.

166 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

Clytia johnstont Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 24.

In shallow water, Barrington Passage; abundant on mussel
shells and on Obelia commissuralis under wharves and elsewhere
near low water in the harbour, Canso.

Genus EucoPE.ua.
EUCOPELLA CALICULATA (Hincks).

Campanularia caliculata Hincks, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist.,
2nd ser. XI, 1853, p. 178.

Clytia poterium Agassiz, Cont. Nat. Hist. U.S., IV, 1862, p.
297.

Campanularia poterium Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole,
1901, p. 344.

Campanularia caliculata Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern
Can., 1901, p. 23.

Rather common on seaweed at about 20 fathoms, off the islands
between Chedabucto bay and the Atlantic, Canso.

Genus GONOTHYRAA.

GONOTHYRZA GRACILIS (Sars).

Laomedea gracilis Sars, Beretning om en zoologisk Reise i
Lofoten og Finmarken, 1851, p. 18.

Gonothyrea gracilis Allman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd
ser. XIII, 1864, p. 374.

Gonothyrea gracilis Verrill, Proc. Am. Assn. Adv. Sc., 1874, p.
364.

On tangle of Tubularia crocea, in shallow water, Canso; in
shallow water, Barrington Passage.

GONOTHYR4ZA LOVENI (Allman).

Laomedea lovenit Allman, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd ser.
IV, 1859, p. 138.

Gonothyrea lovent Allman, Ann. and Mag., 3rd ser. XIII, 1864,
p. 374.

Gonothyrea loveni Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901, p.
352.

On red alge in 20 fathoms, Chedabucto bay, Canso.

HYDROIDS FROM NOVA SCOTIA 167

Genus OBELIA.

OBELIA COMMISSURALIS McCrady.

Obelia commissuralis McCrady, Gymno. Charleston har.,
1858, p. 95.
Obelia commissuralis Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 350.

Obelia commissuralis Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 23.

The commonest campanularian of the region; on rocks, piles,
seaweeds, etc., at or below low water, Canso.

OBELIA DICHOTOMA (Linnzeus).

Sertularia dichotoma Linnzus, Systema Nature, 1758, p. 812.

Obelia dichotoma Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901, p.
350.

Obelia dichotoma Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 23.

Common on Laminaria, at and below water, Canso.

OBELIA GENICULATA (Linnzus).
Plate XII, figs. 1 and 2.

Sertularia geniculata Linneus, Systema Nature, 1767, p. 1312.

Obelia geniculata Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901, p.
350.

Obelia geniculata Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Hastern Can.,
1901, p. 23.

In 3 fathoms, Barrington Passage; on laminaria and other
seaweeds, on piles, etc., at low water, Canso.

Some abnormal specimens of this species were found growing
on Lemargus margilis—a copepod, parasitic on a sunfish (Mola
mola), caught in Chedabucto bay. In normal specimens, the
hydrothece appear in regular alternation to give the regular
geniculate appearance of the stem. The gonophores appear in
the axils, being regularly disposed but not in any way affecting
the geniculation of the stem. In this case the gonophores take
the place of the hydrothece, making up a portion of the regular
geniculate arrangement, and do not appear in the axils.

24853—11

168 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

CAMPANULINIDA.
Genus CALYCELLA.

CALYCELLA SYRINGA (Linnzus).

Sertularia syringa Linneus, Systema Nature, 1767, p. 1311.

Calycella syringa Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901, p.
355.

Calycella syringa Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 23.

In shallow water, Barrington Passage; abundant on Sertu-
larella tricuspidata from 50 fathoms, Canso Banks.

Genus OPERCULARELLA.
OPERCULARELLA LACERATA (Johnston).

Campanularia lacerata Johnston, British Zoophy tes, 1847, p
eis

Opercularella lacerata Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 354.

On the rocks at low tide, Fox island, Chedabucto bay, Canso.

HaLEcip2.
Genus HaLEcIum.
HALECIUM BEANI (Johnston).

Thoa beani Johnston, British Zoophytes, 1847, p. 120.

Halecium beani Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901, p.
358.

In 5 fathoms, Barrington Passage; in 50 fathoms, Canso
Banks.

HALECIUM MINUTUM Brocna.
Plate XII, figs. 3, 4.

Halecitum minutum Broch, Nordmeer gesammelten Hy-
droiden, 1908, p. 4.

On ascidian stalks from 50 fathoms, on the Canso Banks.

Since Broch first described this species there has been no
further report of it where the diagnosis was certain. Broch,

HYDROIDS FROM NOVA SCOTIA 169

himself, in his paper on Arctic Hydroids! mentions a species
that he takes to be the same but he is not sure as he did. not
find the gonosome. Later Kramp?/for the same reason could
not be sure of the specimens he found. All of these specimens
were found in the Arctic or Subarctic regions. There was not
such trouble in the case of the specimens found at Canso as the
gonophores were numerous. When they are present they are
so large and conspicuous that they must be observed before
the trophosome is. The trophosome bears so much resemblance
to that of H. tenellum that they are hard to distinguish from
each other. When the gonosome is present such a mistake
could not be made as the gonangium of H. minutum may be
as much as 3 mm. in long diameter and not far from that in
short diameter. The thickness is not so great, so that alto-
gether its shape somewhat resembles the shell of a bivalve.
The arrangement of the teeth or spines around the margin at
the distal end gives it a unique appearance among the gonangia
of the Halecidez. The gonangium of H. muricatum most nearly
resembles it, but is not more than one-fourth of the size and
it is spiny on the flat surfaces as well as on the margin; while
that of H. minutum has but few spines on the margin and none
on the flat surfaces.

The figures show the relatively small stem and the very
large gonangium.

HaLEcIuM MURICATUM (Ellis and Solander).

Sertularia muricatum E. and S., Nat. Hist. Zooph., 1786, p. 59.

Halecitum muricatum Hu1ncxs, British Hydroid Zoophytes,
1868, p. 223.

Halectum muricatum WuitEaves, Marine Invert. Eastern
Can., 1901, p. 25.

On ascidian stalks from 50 fathoms on the Canso Banks.
A few specimens, well supplied with gonangia, were collected.

HALECIUM TENELLUM Hincks.

Halecium tenellum Hincxs, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 3rd
ser. VIII, 1861, p. 252.
1Die Hydroiden der Arktischen Meere, 1909, p. 153
*Report on the Hydroids of the Denmark Expedition, 1911, p. 370.
24853—113

170 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO.

Halecium tenellum Nuttine, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 357.
Common on ascidian stems in 50 fathoms of the Canso Banks.

LAF@IDA.
Genus CRYPTOLARIA.
CRYPTOLARIA TRISERIALIS new species.

Plate XIII, figs. 1 and 2.

Trophosome. Stem fascicled, very coarse. No complete
colony was obtained. The largest fragment was 4 cm. long
and 0:8 mm. in diameter. There were several large branches
given off from the main stem. On the stem the hydrothece are
not numerous; they appear singly or in opposite or sub-opposite
pairs, each with about the distal half free. On the branches,
where they are free from fasciculation, the hydrothece are
nearer together, arranged in three series, two making such a
wide angle with each other that they are not far from being
in the same plane, and the other intermediate between them
on the larger side. The hydrothecze of the first two series
appear in pairs, those of the other alternate with these pairs.
They are large, from 1-5 to 2 mm. in length and 0-35 mm. in
diameter. The proximal half is in contact with the branch,
the distal half curves regularly outward.

Gonosome. Unknown.

Distribution. Dredged in 20 fathoms off Durell island,
Chedabucto bay, Canso.

In some respects this species resembles Cryptolaria borealis
Levinsen'’. His description is rather meagre, but as his colonies
were only from 4-5 to 20 mm. long, the species must be a
much smaller one than that herein described. On the non-
fascicled branches, the hydrothece are arranged in four series,
giving a cruciform arrangement, while in this species there are
but three series. These differences alone seem sufficient to
indicate that the Canso specimens are of a different species
to those found in Davis strait.

1Meduser, Ctenophorer og Hydroider fra Groenlands Vestkyst, 1893, p. 31.

HYDROIDS FROM NOVA SCOTIA 171

Genus FILELLUM.
FILELLUM EXPANSUM Levinsen.

Filellum expansum Luvinsen,. Hydroider fra Grceenlands
Vestkyst, 1893, p. 30.

Common in shallow water, growing on other hydroids,
Barrington Passage and Canso.

This species seems very common all the way down the coast
as far as Beaufort, N.C. A description of the species con-
taining an original description of the coppinia mass has been
given in a paper, ‘‘ Notes on New England Hydroids”’ mentioned
in the introduction of this paper.

FILELLUM SERPENS (Hassall).
Campanularia serpens Hassauu, Trans. Micro. Soc., III,
1852, p. 163.
Reticularia serpens VERRILL, Checklist, 1879, p. 79.
On Sertularella polyzonias from 50 fathoms, Canso Banks.

Genus GRAMMARIA
GRAMMARIA ABIETINA (Sars).

Campanularia abietina Sars, Nyt Mag. for Naturvidensk,
bd. 6, 1851, p. 139.

Grammaria robusta Stimpson, Marine Invert. of Grand
Manan, 1854, p. 9.

Grammaria abietina WHITEAVES, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 28.

Dredged from rocky bottom in 20 fathoms, near the shore in
Chedabucto bay, Canso.

Genus Laraa.
Largéa pumosa (Fleming).

_Sertularia dumosa FutEmtinG, Edin. Phil. Jour., II., 1828, p. 83.

Lafea dumosa Nurtine, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901, p.
355.

Lafea dumosa WuitEaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 24.

Dredged from rocky bottom in 20 fathoms, Chedabucto bay,
Canso.

172 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

LAF@A FRUTICOSA Sars.

Lafea fruticosa Sars, Norske Hydroider, 1862, p. 30.
Lafea fruticosa VERRILL, Checklist, 1879, p. 17.
Dredged from rocky bottom in 20 fathoms, Chedabucto bay,
Canso.
Lara@a GRAcILLIMA (Alder).

Campanularia gracillima AupER, Trans. Tynes. Nat. Field
Club, 1857, p. 39.

Lafea gracillima Nurtine, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901, p.
356.

Lafea gracillima WutrEaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 24.

On rock brought up by trawl hook from 50 fathoms, Canso
Banks.

LaF@A SYMMETRICA Bonnevie.

Lafea symmetrica BoNNEVIE, Den Norske Nordhavs Expedi-
tion, 1899, p. 64.

Lafea symmetrica BinuaRpD, Exped. Sc. du ‘Travailleur”’ et
du “‘Talisman,’’ 1907, p. 176.

Dredged from rocky bottom in 20 fathoms, Chedabucto bay,
Canso.

This species has been reported only from Norway by
Bonnevie and from Cape Spartel by Billard. Jaderholm makes
it synonymous with Lafea grandis,‘ but I think there is not good
basis for so doing. Specimens of LZ. grandis found in the Van-
couver Island region have much larger hydrothece than these
from Canso and apparently that is true of the specimens re-
ported from Iceland by Hincks when he gave the original des-
cription of L. grandis.”

Lara@a pyemMza (Alder).
Lafea pygmea H1ncxs, British Hydroid Zoophytes, 1868, p.
205.
Hebella pygmea Nuttine, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901, p.
353. :
Lafea pygmea Brocu, Nordmeer gesammelten Hydroiden,
1903, p. 5.

Northern and Arctic Invertebrates, 1909, p. 72.
2Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser. XIII, 1874, p. 148.

HYDROIDS FROM NOVA SCOTIA 173

On a bryozoan (Menipea ternata) dredged in 25 fathoms in
Chedabucto bay, Canso.

This species has been placed in the genus Hebella by some
authors, but it has no hydrothecal diaphragm and hence cannot
be placed there. Since Broch found and described the coppinia
mass there is still better evidence that the species should be
placed with Lafea rather than with Hebella as the gonangia of
Hebella are not massed.

SERTULARIDZ.
Genus ABIETINARIA.
ABIETINARIA ABIETINA (Linnzeus).

Sertularia abietina LINNmUuS, Systema Nature, 1758, p. 808.

Sertularella abietina Nuttine, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 361.

Sertularia abietina WuiTEAvEs, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 25.
Abietinaria abietina Nuttinc, American Hydroids, Part II,
1904, p. 114.

On rock from 50 fathoms, Canso Banks.

Genus DIPHASIA.

DIPHASIA FALLAX (Johnston).

Sertularia fallax JOHNSTON, British Zoophytes, 1847, p. 73.

Diphasia fallax Nuttine, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901, p.
361.

Diphasia fallax Wuitraves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 26.

Diphasia fallax Nuttinc, American Hydroids, Part II, 1904,
p. 114.

Dredged in 4 fathoms, Barrington Passage.

DIPHASIA ROSACEA (Linnzeus).

Sertularia rosacea LINNZUS, Systema Nature, 1758, p. 807.

Diphasia rosacea Nuttine, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 361.

Diphasia rosacea WHITEAVES, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901. p. 26.

174 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

Diphasia rosacea Nuttine, Amer. Hydroids, Part II, 1904, p.
107.

Very abundant in the material from Barrington Passage.

Genus HyDRALLMANIA
HyYDRALLMANIA FALCATA (Linnzus).

Sertularia falcata LInN#us, Systema Nature, 1758, p. 810.

Hydrallmama falcata Nuttine, Hydroids of Woods Hole,
1901, p. 364.

Hydrallmania falcata Wuitraves, Marine Invert. Eastern
Can., 1901, p. 27.

Hydrallmania falcata Nuttinc, Amer. Hydroids, Part II,
1904, p. 124.

Common in material from Barrington Passage.

Genus SELAGINOPSIS.
SELAGINOPSIS MIRABILIS (Verrill).

Diphasia mirabilis Verrill, Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 1872,
p. 9.

Diphasia mirabilis Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 26.

Selaginopsis mirabilis Nutting, Amer. Hydroids, Part IT, 1904,
p. 128.

On rock from 50 fathoms, Canso Banks.

Genus SERTULARELLA.
SERTULARELLA conica Allman.

Sertularella conica Allman, Hydroids of the Gulf Stream, 1877,
Weal:

Sertularella conica Nutting, Amer. Hydroids, Part II, 1904,
p. 79. |

Sertularella conica Fraser, West Coast Hydroids, 1911, p. 68.

A few young colonies were found growing on Sertularella
tricuspidata from an ascidian stalk in 50 fathoms on the Canso
Banks.

HYDROIDS FROM NOVA SCOTIA 175
SERTULARELLA POLYZONIAS (Linnzus).

Sertularella polyzonias Nutting, Amer. Hydroids, Part II,
1904, p. 90.

Sertularia polyzonias Linneus, Systema Nature, 1758, p. 813.

Sertularella polyzonias Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole,
1901, p. 362.

Sertularella polyzonias Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern
Can., 1901, p. 25.

Dredged in rocky bottom in 10-20 fathoms, Chedabucto bay,
Canso.

SERTULARELLA TRICUSPIDATA (Alder).

Sertularia tricuspidata Alder, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd
ser. XVIII, 1856, p. 356.

Sertularella tricuspidata Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole,
1901, p. 362.

Sertularella tricuspidata Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern
Can., 1901, p. 26.

Sertularella tricuspidata Nutting, Amer. Hydroids, Part II,
1904, p. 71.

Common on rocks and ascidian stems in 50 fathoms, Canso
Banks.

Genus SERTULARIA.

SERTULARIA PUMILA Linnzus.

Sertularia pumila Linnzus, Systema Nature, 1758, p. 807.

Sertularia pumila Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 359.

Sertularia pumila Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Canada,
1901, p. 25.

Sertularia pumila Nutting, Amer. Hydroids, Part II, 1904,
p. 51.

Very abundant everywhere, on piles, stones, seaweeds, etc.,
near the surface of the water, Canso.

176 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

Genus THUIARIA.

THUIARIA ARGENTEA (Linnzus).

Sertularia argentea Linneus, Systema Nature, 1758, p. 809.

Thuiaria argentea Nutting, Hydroids of Woods Hole, 1901,
p. 363.

Thuiaria argentea Whiteaves, Marine Invert. Eastern Can.,
1901, p. 27.

Thuiaria argentea Nutting, Amer. Hydroids, Part II, 1904,
p. 71.

Dredged in 5 fathoms, Barrington Passage; on rocks in 50
fathoms, Canso Banks.

THUIARIA LONCHITIS (Ellis and Solander).

Thuiaria lonchitts Nutting, Amer. Hydroids, Part II, 1904,
p. 66.

Thuiaria lonchitis E. and S., Nat. Hist. Zoophytes, 1786, p. 42.

On rock from 50 fathoms, Canso Banks.

List oF Papers CITED.
Agassiz, A.
1865. North American Acalephe. Illustrated Catalogue of

the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard Col-
lege, No. If. Cambridge.

Agassiz, L.

1862. Contributions to the natural history of the United
States, vol. IV. Boston.

Alder, J.

1856. A notice of some new genera and species of British Hy-
droid Zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural
History, 2nd ser. vol. XVIII, pp. 356-357.

1857. A catalogue of the zoophytes of Northumberland and
Durham. Transactions of the Tyneside Naturalists’
Field Club, Newcastle-on-Tyne, vol. III.

HYDROIDS FROM NOVA SCOTIA 177

Allman, G. J.

1859. Notes on the hydroid zoophytes. Annals and Magazine
of Natural History, 3rd ser. vol. IV, pp. 137-144.

1864. On the construction and limitation among the Hydroida.
Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3rd ser. vol.
XIII, pp. 345-380.

1877. Report on the Hydroida collected during the exploration
of the Gulf Stream by L.F. de Pourtales, assistant,
U.S. Coast Survey. Memoirs of the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology at Harvard College, vol. V, No. 2.
Cambridge.

Billard, A.

1907. Hydroides in Expeditiones Scientifiques du ‘“Travail-
leur” et du ‘‘Talisman,” tome VIII.

Bonnevie, K.

1899. Den Norske Nordhavs-expedition, 1876-1878, XXVI.
Zoologi. Hydroida, Christiania.

Broch, H.

1903. Die von dem Norwegischen Fischereidampfer ‘‘ Michael
Sars” in den jahren 1900-1902, in dem Nordmeer gesam-
melten Hydroiden. Bergens Museum Aarbog, No. 9.
Christiania. pp. 1-14.

1909. Die Hydroiden der Arktischen Meere. Fauna Arctica,
bd. V. Christiania.

~ Clark, 8. F.

1876. Report of the hydroids collected on the coast of Alaska
and the Aleutian islands by W. H. Dall, U.S. Coast
Survey and party, 1871-1874. Proceedings of the Acad-
emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. pp. 209-238.

Ellis, J. and Solander, D.

1786. The natural history of many curious and uncommon
zoophytes, collected from various parts of the globe by
the late John Ellis, Esq., London.

178 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

Fleming, J.
1828. A history of British animals. Edinburgh.

Fraser, C. M.

1911. The hydroids of the west coast of North America.
Bulletin from the laboratories of natural history of the
State University of Iowa.

Hassall, A.

1852. Description of three species of marine zoophytes. Trans-
actions of the Microscopical Society.

Hincks, T.

1853. Further notes on British zoophytes with description of
new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History,
2nd. ser. vol. XI, pp. 178-185.

1861. A catalogue of the zoophytes of South Devon and South
‘Cornwall. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ~
3rd. ser. vol. VIII, pp. 251-262.

1868. A history of the British hydroid zoophytes. London.

1874. On deep water hydroida from Iceland. Annals and
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1893. Meduser, Ctenophorer og MHydroider fra Groenlands
Vestkyst telligemed Bemerkninger om Hydroidernes

HYDROIDS FROM NOVA SCOTIA 179

Systematik. Saertryk af Videnskabelige Middelelser
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1758. Systema Nature, 10th edition.

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1-119.

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180 VICTORIA MEMORIAL MUSEUM. BULLETIN NO. I

Verrill, A. E. and Smith, S. I.

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181

EXPLANATION OF PuaTe XI.

Figs. 1 and 2. Campanularia magnifica. WHydrothecae.

Fig. "4 Gonophore.

“ {4. Campanularia speciosa. Hydrotheca and gonangium.
Magnification about 20 diameters.

YH!

a

|
v

Mig

182

=|
>)
3]
2
p
=|
Se)
4)
fy
Og
a8
oi|
Ste
<
AO
e)
8
Ss

After C.M.F.

Clara A. Fraser, del.

ds of Nova Scotia.

i

Hydro

183

EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII.

Figs. 1 and 2. Obeliageniculata. Colony showing abnormal position of the gonangia.

“ 3and 4. Halecium minutum. Portion of colony showing trophosome and
gonangium.

Magnification about 202diameters.

184
Vicror1a MemoriaL MuseumM
BuuetTin No. 1 Shan SSO

Clara A. Fraser, del. After C.M.F.

Hydroids of Nova Scotia.

185

EXPLANATION OF PuaTE XIII.

Fig. 1. Cryptolaria triserialis. Non-fascicled portion of a branch.
“2. Portion of mainstem. _
Magnification about 20 diameters.

ie

7 :

186

Puate XIII

TORIA MEMor1AL Museum
Buuetin No. 1

After C. M. F.

Clara A. Fraser, del.

Hydroids of Nova Scotia.

Date Due