THE LIBRARY

OF

THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA

LOS ANGELES

THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA,

CEYLON AND BURMA.

PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF
STATE FOR INDIA IN COUNCIL.

EDITED BY A. E. SHIPLEY, M.A., HON. D.Sc., F.R.8.
ASSISTED BY GUY A. K. MARSHALL, F.Z.S., F.E.8.

HYMENOPTEKA— Vol. III.

ICHNEUMONID^:— I. ICHNEUMONES DELTOIDBI.

BY

CLAUDE M OR LEY, F.Z.S., F.E.S.,

MEM. Soc. ENT. FRANCE, ETC.

LONDON:

TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

CALCUTTA :

THACKER, SPINK & CO.

BOMBAY:
THACKER & CO., LIMITED.

BEKLIN :
R. PRIEDLANDER & SOHN, 11 CARLSTRA8SE.

Marcli, 1913.

PBINTED BT TATLOB AND FRANCIS,
RKD LION COURT FLERT STREET.

FS.1
CONTENTS.

AUTHOR'S PREFACE v

AUTHORS CONSULTED xi

SUMMARY OF THE KNOWN INDIAN ICHNEUMONES-DELTOIDEI . . xxi

INDEX TO THE INDIAN HOSTS ENUMERATED IN THIS VOLUME . . xxii

GLOSSARY xxiii

SYSTEMATIC INDEX xxxi

INTRODUCTION 1

History 1

Metamorphoses 5

Internal Structure 8

External Structure 8

Classification 14

Sub-Order ENTOMOPHAGA or ICHNEUMONOIDEA 16

TABLE OF FAMILIES OF ICHNEUMONOIDEA 17

Ichneumonidce 18

TABLE OF SUBFAMILIES OF ICHNEUMONID^; 19

PimplineK 22

Tryphonims 2(31

Ophioninee 343

* Cryptinee.

* Ichneum oniruz.

TABLE OF TRIBES OF PIMPLIN-S: 24

Hemigastrides 24

Ac&nitides 39

Xondides H

Pimplides 83

Lissonotides 215

Eanchides 242

* These subfamilies are not included in the present volume.

529925

IV CONTENTS.

Pag*

TABLE OF TRIBES OF TKYPHONIN^E ... 262

Metopiideg . . 262

Sphinctides 272

Bassides .274

Exochides . 289'

Tryphonides 311

TABLE OF TRIBES OF OPHIOXIX.* 345

Paniscides 345

Ophionides 362

Notrtrachide* 397

Anomalides 401

Campoplegidr* 433

Cretnastides 497

*Plectiscidex.

Pristomerides 507

Porizonides 511

Mesochorides 515

ALPHABETICAL INDEX 52a

EXPLANATION OF PLATF,.

* No Indian species are described in this volume.

AUTHOR'S PREFACE.

So long ago as 1903, W. T. Blanford remarked that it was
not proposed to proceed for the present with the publication
of the remainder of the Hymenoptera of British India ; but
considering the peculiar interest and economic importance
of the ICHXEUMONID^E, it was to be hoped that an account of
them would appear at some future time. He added that our
knowledge of this group was then less perfect than that of
the Aculeata, a statement which is still very true. In
January, 1908, the succeeding editor, Lt.-Ool. C. T.
Bingham, asked me to prepare a volume on this inte-
resting family ; and I have herein compiled to the best
of my ability, though the task of bringing into tabular form
genera and species described in six languages throughout
an extremely scattered literature has not been light. The
published species of Indian ICHNEUMONTD^E were computed
by H. Maxwell Lefroy to number two hundred and eighty-
eight in 1909, showing how little had been attempted in this
direction ; and the amount left to be done truly appeared
appalling from the same author's statement (' Indian Insect
Life,' p. 178) that " nothing is on record as to the hosts
of these species and the forms occurring in India are
practically unknown."

What was already achieved in this direction, however,
proved upon investigation of the literature to be both some-
what extensive — nearly two hundred papers bearing upon
the subject will be found under "Authors Consulted" — and

Vi PREFACE.

utterly useless to any scientific student. Every systematic-
author (and they were few) had, without exception, chosen
to regard this unexplored field as zoologically distinct, a
thing apart, and consequently nearly every species dealt
with was regarded as being new to Science. This predispo-
sition doubtless caused Lefroy (7. c. 177) to pronounce that
the " species are of limited distribution, confined to distinct
areas, and the Indian forms are, so far as known, confined
to this geographical region," by which he doubtless referred
to British India. This, however, is not a single zoological
region ; on the contrary, the Palsearctic Region comprises
all temperate Europe and Asia, its southern boundary being
somewhat indefinite, though it is advisable to comprise in it
all Afghanistan, Baluchistan, and the Punjab ; and it comes
down to a little below the upper limit of forests in the Hima-
layas. It has been said that this region differs from the
Oriental by negative characters only ; a host of the tropical
families and genera being absent, while there is little or
nothing but peculiar species to characterise it absolutely.
The Oriental Region consists of all India from the limits of
the Palasarctic Region, Indo-China and all the Malay penin-
sula and islands as far east as Java and Bali. The sul>-
divisions of the Oriental Region are : — (1) the Central
Indian, which in all its essential features is wholly Oriental
in its fauna ; (2) the Ceylonese, comprising Ceylon and the
southern extremity of India : this is a mountainous forest
region, and possesses several peculiar forms as well as some
Malayan types not found in the first subregion ; (3) the
Indo-( Chinese subregion, comprising South China, Siam and
Burma, extending westward along the Himalayan range to
an altitude of about nine or ten thousand feet, and south-
ward to Tenasserim ; and (4) the Malayan (' The Geo-
graphical Distribution of Animals,' by Alfred Russel
Wallace, i, pp. 71-76). Hence we see no bar to the occur-
rence in the hills of northern, and especially north-western,.

PREFACE. rii

Fndia of species common throughout Europe, and the fallacy
of describing, without due investigation, new species from
this district, as has not infrequently been done ; specimens
of ICHNEUMONID^E from Simla and Darjiling very often
agree exactly with those captured in my Suffolk garden !
At a meeting of the Entomological Society of London on
(jth April, 1874, Frederick Smith read a paper on the
ICHNEUMONID^E of Japan, and remarked " that, in his
opinion, many of them represented well-known European
species, although apparently distinct " ; and I have recently
had the opportunity of showing that certain Japanese
Ichneumons are identical with British species (Entom.
1910, p. 11). On the other hand, at least one common
species, occurring from Bengal to Ceylon, has been also
found in Queensland. Roughly speaking, south - east
India tends to the Malay and north-west India to the
European fauna ; the intermediate overlapping is of
unusual interest.

It were well to remind hasty describers of the truth enun-
ciated by Agassiz, when he said, "The facility with which,
in a new country, unknown animals can be described, and
notoriety thus readily obtained, is a strong incentive to go
on with descriptive work ; but it should not be forgotten
that the true purpose of systematic work must be to increase
our knowledge of the relationship of animals of any special
group already known, and serve in some way as a con-
necting link in the chain of the various branches of zoology.
Working in this spirit, systematic zoology helps us in our
attempts to understand the laws of Nature ; these must
remain unintelligible to him who is busy with naming and
classifying materials, reducing his science to an art, merely
accumulating facts to be stored in museums, forming, as it
were, a library of nature " (' American Naturalist,' Aug.
1871).

In the present volume I have treated of only three of the

viii PEEFACE.

five great groups or subfamilies into which the ICHXEU-
MONID.S are primarily divided, namely, the PIMPLIN^E, the
species of which are of great size and comparatively easy to
discriminate ; the TRYPHONINJS, which are very poorly repre-
sented, owing to the scarcity of their Tenthredinid hosts ;
and the OrmONiN.E, which have probably been largely over-
looked at present. That there will be found comparatively
few species of this family in the vast extent of India, when
adequately investigated, or at least that very few of them
are abundant over extensive areas, I am led to believe, by
the constant recurrence of the same species in every con-
signment received. That the ICHNEUMONIN^E and CRYPTIN^E
are more diversified I am fully persuaded, and they are
consequently reserved for a separate volume, since the
intricacies of their structure and affinities need more exact
investigation and expenditure of labour than could be
bestowed upon them in the time available.

Material has been somewhat scanty, yet all-sufficient to
render the two years mainly spent in the preparation of the
present volume very busy ones. The specimens that have
passed beneath my lens total several thousands, and consti-
tute ten more or less distinct collections, emanating from
Ceylon and Tenasserim to the northern Himalayas, and
from Baluchistan and Peshawar to the Naga Hills of
Eastern Assam. Lieut.-Col. Bingham first placed in my
hands his collection, which was merged on his death with
that of the British Museum, every specimen of which I
have examined. Next came a large consignment from
the Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa, in Bengal ;
Lieut.-Col. Nurse entrusted to my care the whole of the
specimens amassed by him in the North-West districts ;
Mr. E. Ernest Green and Mr. 0. S. Wickwar forwarded
such specimens as they had captured in Ceylon ; and
Mr. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher kindly left his collection for
me at the British Museum. Latterly, at my request,

Prof. E. B. Poulton and Dr. Gestro were so good as to
send the Indian material from the Oxford and Genoa
Museums respectively. Finally, a considerable collection
has been received from the Indian Museum at Calcutta.
I need not further here particularise these collections,
since in every case I have referred the species under
discussion to its source in the body of the volume. To
the owners or keepers of the above material, and especially
to Mr. Ernest A. Elliott, I here tender my sincere thanks
for technical and academic assistance.

I am also indebted to Mr. J. H. Keys, of Plymouth, for
his kind permission to reproduce three blocks (figs. 1, 2,
and 3) from the first volume of my ' Ichneumonologia
Britannica.'

CLAUDE MORLEY.

Monks Soham House,
Suffolk.

AUTHORS CONSULTED.

ASHMEAD, W. H. — Descriptions of New Ichneumonidse in the Collection
of the U.S. National Museum (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1890,
pp. 387-451).
— . Classification of the Ichneumon Flies, or the Superfamily Ich-

neumonidfe (op. cit. xxiii, 1900, pp. 1-220).
— . On some reared Parasitic Hymenopterous Insects from Ceylon

(op. cit. 1896, pp. 644-645).

BINGHAM, Lieut.-Col. C. T. — On some New Species of Indian Hymeno-
ptera (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1898, p. 116).
— . Fauna of British India : Hymenoptera, vol. i (1897) and ii

(1903).
BLANCHARD, F.— Histoire Naturelle des Animaux articules, iii, 1840r

Hymenopteres.

BBAUNS, S. — Die Ophionoiden (Arch. Ver. Freunde Naturg. Mecklen-
burg, 1890, pp. 73-100).
BRIDGMAN, J. B. — Notes on Hymenoptera (Entomologist, 1880, pp.

51-55).
— . Additions to the Rev. T. A. Marshall's Catalogue of British

Ichneumons (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1881-1889).
— . Notes on the Genus Gtypta, Gr. (Trans. Norfolk and Norwich

Nat. Soc. v, 1890, pp. 62-72).

— . Three Glyptte new to Britain (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1890, pp. 208-9).
— . and FITCH, E. A. — Introductory Papers on lchneumonid»

(Eutom. 1881-85).

BKISCHKE, C. G. A. — Die Ichneumoniden der Provinzen West- und
Ost-Preussen (Schr. Nat. Ges. Dantzig, 1878, no. 6,
pp. 65-117).
BUULL^, AUG. — Histoire Naturelle des Insectes : Hymenopteres, iv,

Nov. 1846.
— . Expedition scientifiqne de Moree, Zoologie, iii, pt. i, Hyme'no-

pteres, 1832.
CAMERON, PETER. — Complete Catalot/ue of Peter Cameron 's Papers

treating of Indian Ichneumonidee.

On some Hymenoptera (chiefly unclescribed) from Japan and
the Pacific (Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, 1885,
pp. 263-276).
Hymenopterological Notices : —

I. On some Hymenoptera parasitic in Indian injurious,
insects (Mem. Manchester Lit. Phil. Soc. 1891, pp. 1-5).

Xii AUTHORS CONSULTED.

CAMEROX, PETER (continued) —

Hymenoptera Orientalia, or Contributions to a knowledge of the
Ilymenoptera of the Oriental Zoological Region: —
Part I. Introduction (op. cit. 1889, p. 1).
Part V. [Ichneumoninae, Cryptinae, Pimpliiue, Try-
phoninae, et Ophioninae] (op. cit. 1897, no. 4,
pp. 1-32).
Part VI. [Ichneumoninae et Cryptinae] (op. cit. 1897,

no. 13, pp. 7-13).

Part VIII. The Ilvmenoptera of the Khasia Hills : 1st
Paper TOph., Pimp., Ichn., et Try ph.] (op.
cit. 1899, pp. 1-220).

Part IX. The Ilymenoptera of the Kh.isia Hills; 2nd
P=iper, section i. [Pimp, et Tryph.] (op.
cit. 1900, pp. 1-114).

Part IX. The Ilymenoptera of the Khasia Hills ; 2nd
Paper, section ii. [Crypt.] (op. cit. 1903,
pp. 1-50).

Descriptions of seventeen New Genera of Ichneumonidse from
India and one from Australia [Ichn. et Crypt.] (Ann. Mag.
Xat. Hist, vii, 1901, pp. 275-284, 374-385, 480-487,
523-531).

The Fauna and Geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archi-
pelagoes: Ilymenoptera [Pimpl. et Oph.], 1902, part i,
pp. 51-63.

Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Ilymenoptera from
the Oriental Zoological Region (Ichneutuonidae, Fossores,
and Anthophila) [Ichn. et Crvpt.] (Ann. Mag. Xat. Hist,
ix, 1902, pp. 145-155 et 204-213).

Descriptions of two New Genera and thirteen New Species of
Iclmetimonidae from India [Crypt, et Pimpl.] (Entomo-
logist, 1902, pp. 18-22).

On some New Genera and Species of Ilymenoptera (Ichneu-
mouidae, Chrysididae, Fossores, and Apidae) [Ichn. et Crypt.]
(op. cit. 1902, pp. 108-111, 179-183).

Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Ilymenoptera collected
by Mrtjor C. G. Nurse at Deesa, Simla, and Ferozepore
[Pimp, et Tryph.] (J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1902, parti,
plate only ; part ii, pp. 419-449).

On the Hymenoptera collected by Mr. Robert Shelford at Sarawak,
and on the Hymenoptera of the Sarawak Museum [Pimp.]
(J. Straits Br. 11. Asiat. Soc. 1902, pp. 29-140).
Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Hymenoptera taken
by Mr. Robert Shelford at Sarawak, Borneo (op. cit. 1903,
pp. 89-181 ; cf. also op. cit. 1905, pp. 93-168).
Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Hymenoptera from
India [Ichn., Crvpt., Pimp., Oph., et Tryph.! (Zeit. syst.
Hym.-Dipt. ii, 1902, pp. 391-398; iii, 1903, pp. 9-16,
177-184, 298-304 et .337-343).

On some New Genera and Species of Parasitic and Fossorial
Ilymenoptera from the Khasia Hills, Assam [Ichu.] (Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist, xi, 1903, pp. 173-185, 313-319).
On some New Genera and Species of Parasitic Ilvmenoptera from
the Khasia Hills, Assam [Ichn.j (op. cit. xii, 1903, pp. 266-
273,363-371,565-583).

AUTHORS CONSULTED. X1U

CAMERON, PETKR (continued) —

Descriptions of Twelve New Genera and Species of Ichneiunonidfe

(Ileresiarchini and Amblypygi), and three species of Am-

pulex from the Khasia Hills, India [Ichn.] (Trans. Ent.

Spc. Lond. 1903, pp. "2 19-238).
Descriptions of ten New Species and nine New Genera of

Ichneumonidse from India [Ichn. et Crypt.] (Entomologist,

1903, pp. 233-241, 260-261).

On some New Genera and Species of Hynienoptera [Ichn.] (op. tit.

1904, pp. 162-3, 208-9).

Descriptions of a New Genus and some New Species of East
Indian Hymenoptera [Ichn.] (op. tit. 1904, pp. 306-310).

Descriptions of New Species of Aculeate and Parasitic Hymeno-
ptera from Northern India [Ichn.] (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist,
xiii, 1904, pp. 211-233).

On some New Species of Hymenoptera from Northern India
[Ichn.] (/. c. pp. 277-279).

Descriptions of New Species of Cryptinse from the Khasia Hills,
Assam (Trans. Ent. Soc. Loiid. 1904, pp. 103-122).

Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Ichneumonidse from.
India [Ichn., Crypt., et Oph.] (Zeit. Hym.-Dipt. iv, 1904,
pp. 217-224 et 337-347).

New Species of Hymenoptera (Aculeata, Ichneumonidse, and
Braconidse) from India [Ichn., Crypt., et Oph.] (Entomo-
logist, 1905, pp. 83-86, 105-108).

On the Phytophagous and Parasitic Hymenoptera collected by
Mr. E. Ernest Green in Ceylon [Ichn., Crypt., Pimp.,
Tryph., et Oph.] (Spolia Zeylanica, iii, 1905, pp. 67-143).

On a New Genus and some New Species of Ichneumonidse from
the Sikkim Himalaya [Ichn., Crypt., et Tryph.] (Zeit,
Hym.-Dipt. v, 1905, pp. 77-89, 142-144).

Descriptions of some New Species of Parasitic Plymenoptera,
chiefly from the Sikkim Himalaya [Ichn., Tryph., et Oph.]
(op. tit. v, 1905, pp. 244-248, 278-285).

On the Tenthredinidse and Parasitic Hymenoptera collected by
Major C. G. Nurse in Kashmir [Crypt, et Oph.] (J. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc. 1906, pp. 289-292).

On the Tenthredinidae and Parasitic Hymenoptera collected in
Baluchistan by Major C. G. Nurse [Ichn., Crypt., Pimpl..
Tryph., et Oph.] (op. cit. 1906, pp. 274-288).

On some New Genera and Species of Indian Ichneumonidfe
[Ichn., Crypt., Pimp., et Oph.] (Entomologist, 1906, pp. 227-
230, 249-252).

Description of a New Species of Lareiga (Ichneumonidae) from
the Himalayas (Zeit. Hym.-Uip. vi, 1906, pp. 159-160).

On the Parasitic iljmenoptera collected by Major C. G. Nurse in
the Bombay Presidency [Ichn., Crypt., Pimp., Tryph., et
Oph.] (J. Bombay Nat. Hist, Soc. 1907, pp. 578-597).

Description of a New Genus and some New Species of Hymeno-
ptera captured by Lieut.-Col. C. G. Nurse at Deesa,
Matheran, and Ferozepore [Oph.] (op. tit. 1907, pp. 1001
1012).

A Contribution to the Knowledge of the Hymenoptera of the
Oriental Zoological Region [Crypt., Tryph., et Oph.] (Amu
Mag. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, pp. 10-30 et 81-92).

Xiv AUTHOBS CONSULTED.

CAMERON, PETER (continued) —

( )n some Hymenoptera collected by Mr. G. C. Dudgeon at Buxa,

Bhutan [Ichn., Crypt., et Oph.] (Entomologist, 1907,

pp. 3-8).
On some undescribed Phytophagous and Parasitic Hymenoptera

from the Oriental Zoological Region [Ichn., Crypt., Tryph.,

et Oph.] (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, xix, 1907, pp. 166-192).
( )n some New Genera and Species of Parasitic Hymenoptera from

the Sikkim Himalaya [Ichn., Crypt., Pimp., et Oph.] (Tijd.

Ent. 1907, pp. 71-1 14).
Descriptions of two New Genera and four New Species of Indian

Parasitic Hymenoptera [Crypt.] (Zeit. Hym.-Dipt. vii,

1907, pp. 462-466).
On some New Genera and Species of Ichnetimonidae from the

Himalayas [Ichn., Pimp., et Tryph.] (op. cit. vii, 1907,

pp. 466-469, & viii, 1908, pp. 37-44).
Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Indian Ichneumonidse

[Crypt., Pimp., et Tryph.] (J. Bombay Nat. Hist, Soc. 1909,

pp. 722-730).

•CAPHON, Dr. E. — Hyperacmus crassicomis, Grav. (Entom. 1883, p. 240).
CHAPMAN, Dr. T. A. — On Heteroyynis paradoxa, Rubr., an Instance of

Variation by Segregation (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1902,

pp. 717-729).
•CHRIST, J. L. — Naturgeschichte, Klassification und Nomenclatur der

Inaekten vom Bieneii, Wespen, und Ameisengeschlecht,

1791.

•CRESSON, E. T.— On the Hymenoptera of Cuba (Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila-
delphia, iv, 1865, p. 1).

CURTIS, JOHN. — British Entomology, 1823-40.
— . Farm Insects ; being the Natural History and Economy of the

Insects injurious to the Field Crops of Great Britain and

Ireland, 1860.
DALLA TORBE, C. G. DE. — Catalogus Hymenopterorum hucusque des-

criptorum systematicus et synonymicus, iii, Ichneumonidae,

1901-2.
DAVIS, W. H. O. — A Review of the Ichneumonid Subfamily Tryphoninse

(Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1897, pp. 193-348).
DE GKBR, J. A. E. — Memoirs pour servir a 1'Histoire des Insectes,

1752-78.
DESVIGNES, T.— Catalogue of the British Ichneumonidse in the British

Museum, 1856.
— . Descriptions of New Species of the Genua Bassus (Trans. Ent.

Soc. Lond. 1862, pp. 215-222).

DONOVAN, E. — The Natural History of British Insects, 1792-1813.
DOUMKRC, M.— Notice sur les moeurs de Ichneumon fasciatus, Fourc.,

parasite du Petit Paon (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, I860,

pp. 317-321).
ELLIOTT, E. A., and MORLEY, CLAUDE. — On the Hymenopteroua

Parasites of Coleoptera (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907,

pp. 7-75).

FABRICIUS, J. C. — Systema Entomologise, 1775.
— -. Mantissa Insectorum, 1787.
— . Entomologia Systematica, 1792-4; Suppl. 1798.

AUTHORS CONSULTED, XV

FABRICIUS, J. C. — Species Insectorum exhibentes eoruni differentials

specificas, synonyma auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosin

adjectis observationibus, descriptionibus, 1781.
. Sy sterna Piezatorum secundum Ordines, Genera, Species adjectis

synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus, 1804.
FALLEN, C. F. — Specimen novam Hymenoptera disponendi methodum

exhibens, 1813.

FONSCOLOMBE, M. BOYER DE. — Ichneumonologie Proven9ale ou Cata-
logue des Ichneumonidae qui se trouvent aux environs

d'Aix, et description des Especes incites (Ann. Soc. Ent.

France, 1847, pp. 51-70 & 397-420 ; 1849, pp. 211-239 &

467; 1850, pp. 361-390; 1851, pp. 103-119; 1852, pp. 29-

50 & 427-441 ; 1854, p. 497).
FORSTER, Dr. ARNOLD. — Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der

Ichneumonen"(Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1868, pp. 135-192).
. Monographie der Gattung Campoplex, Grav. (Verb, zool.-bot.

Ges. Wien, 1868, p. 761).
GIRAUD, Dr. J. — Note sur trois Hyme'nopteres parasites (Ann. Soc. Ent.

France, 1869, pp. 145-150).

. Lists des <§closions d'Insectes (op. cit. 1877, pp. 397-436).

GOZE, J. A. E. — Abhandlungen zur Geschichte der Insekten, aus dem

Franz, iibersetzt und mit Anmerkuugen herausgegeben,

1778-83.
GRAVENHORST, Prof. J. L. C. — Monographia Ichneumonum Pedemon-

tanae Regionis (Mem. R. Acad. Sci. Torino, xxiv, 1820).
. Additamenta ad descriptions Fabricianas Ichneumoniduin

(Germar's Mag. Entom. 1821, p. 259).

. Ichneumonologia Europsea, 1829.

GREEN, E. E. — A Spider's Deadly Foe (Science Gossip, July, 1888,

p. 159).
HALIDAY, A. H. — New British Insects indicated in Mr. Curtis's Guide

(Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 1839, p. 112).

HARRINGTON, W. H. — Canadian Hymenoptera, no. i. (Canadian Ento-
mologist, 1892, pp. 98-99).
HARTIG, T. — Ueber die gestielten Eier der Schlupfwespen (Wiegmann's

Arch. Naturg. iii, 1837, p. 151).
HOLMGREN, A. G. — Forsok till Uppstalning och Beskrifning af de i

Sverige funna Tryphonides (Sveuska Vet. Akad. Handl.

1854, p. 80).
. Monographia Tryphonidum Sueciae (op. cit. 1855, pp. 94-246 &

306-394).
. Conspectus generum Ophionidum Sueciae (Ofv. Svenska Vet

Akad. Forh. 1858, pp. 321-330).
. Forsok till Uppstallning och Beskrifning af de i Sverige funna

Ophionider (Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, no. 8, pp. 1-158).

. Sveriges Pimplarije (Ofv. 1859, pp. 121-132).

. Forsok till Uppstallning och Beskrifning af Sveriges Ichueumo-

nider : Pimplariee (Sv. Ak. Handl. 1860, no. 10, pp. 1-76).
. Kongl. Sv. Freg. Eugeuies Resa : Ichneumonidae (op. cit 1868

pp. 392-420).
. Dispositio methodica Exochorum Scandinaviae (Ofv. 1873,

pp. 55-78).
. Dispositio Syuoptica Mesoleiorurn Scandinaviae (Sv. Ak. Handl

1876, pp. 1-51).

XYi -AUTHORS CONSULTED.

HOWARD, L. O. — Exterual Ceylonese Spider Parasite (Insect Life, i,

p. 42 & vii, p. 279).
ILLIGER, J. C. W.— Fauna Etrusca, sistens Insecta quae provinces

Florentina et Pisana praesertim collegit P. Rossius. Iterum

edita, et annotatis perpetuis aucta, 1807.
INGALI-, T.— Capture of Sphinctus terotinus of Gravenhorst (Zoologist.

xiv, 1856, p. 5326).
J URINE, L. — Nouvelle Me"thode de classer les Hyme"nopteres et les

Dipteres, 1807.
KIRCHNER, L. — Wissenschaftliche Mittheilungen. Die von mir

erzogenen Ichneumonen der Umgegend von Kaplitz

(Lotos, 185(5, pp. 226-234).
KOKUJEW, N. — Hymenoptera Asiatica Nova (Rev. Russe Ent. 1903,

pp. 285-288 & 388-389 ; 1904, pp. 11-14, 106-108 & 213-

215; 1905, p. 10-15 & 208-210; 1906, pp. 164-169).
. Duae nova? lehneumonidarum species e Rossia australis (I. c.

1906, p. 159-60).
KRIECHBAUMER, Dr. J. — Die Gattung Scolobates, Gr. (Ent. Nachr.

1877, pp. 133-137).

— . Pimpliden-Studien (op. ctt. 1887, pp. 113-121).
— . Nova genera et species Pimplidarum (op. cit. 1889, pp. 307-312).
. Ichneumoniden-Studien ; Neue Ichueumoniden des Wiener

Museums (Ann. k. k. Nat. Hofmus. 1890, pp. 479-491).
— . Bemerkungen iiber Ophioniden (Zeit. Hyin.-Dipt. 1901).
KRIEGER, R. — Uber einige mit Pimpla verwandte Ichneumoniden-

gattungen (Sitz. Naturfor. Ges. Leipzig, 1899, pp. 47-

124).
LATREILLE, P. A.— Genera Crustaceorutn et Insectorum secundEtn

ordinem naturalem in fainilias disposita, 1806-9.
LEFROY, H. MAXWELL. — Indian Insect Life, 1909.
LINKED C. VON. — Fauna Suecica, ed. ii, 1761.
. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum Classes,

Ordines, Genera, Species, &c., ed. xii, I, pars ii, 1767.
LUCAS, H. — Exploration scientifique de l'A]ge"rie : Zoologie, Hymeno-

pteres, 1849.
MARSHALL, REV. T. A. — A Catalogue of the British Hymenoptera :

Chrvsididse, Ichueumonidae, Braconidae, and Evaniida3,
1872.
— . Notes on Part iii of the Catalogue of British Insects published

by the Entomological Society of London ; Hymenoptera

(trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1872, pp. 259-264).

. Hyrnenoptera (Entomologist's Annual, 1874, pp. 114-146).

MORLEY, CLAUDE. — On Sphegvphaga vesparum, Curt. (Ent. Mo. Mag.

. On the Ichneumonidous Group Trvphonides schizodonti,Holmgr.,

with descriptions of New Species (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.
1905, pp. 419-488).^

— . Ichneumonologia Britannica : The Ichneumons of Great Britain,
vols. iii & iv, 1908 and 1911.

On the Hvmeuopterous Parasites of Rhynchota (Zoologist, 1909,

pp."21 3-237).
On the Ichneumonidae of the Banksian Collection in the British

).

nkl
Museum (Entomologist, 1909, pp. 131-137).

AUTHORS CONSULTED. XV11

MOKLEY, CLAUDK. — On Two of Fred. Smith's Species of .Japanese
^ _ — Ichneumonidfe (/. c. 1910, p. 11).

— . A Revision of the Ichneumonida?, based on the Collection in the

British Museum, Part i, 1912.
MOTSCHULSKY, V. DE. — Essai dim Catalogue des Insectes de 1'Ile

Ceylan (Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou, J863, pp. 29-30).
MOUFET, T. — Insectorum sive minimorum Anim.alium Theatruin.

London, 1634.
NKWMAN, E. — An Illustrated Natural History of British Butterflies and

Moths.

OLIVIER, A. G.— Encyclopedic Methodique, 1789-1825.
PANZER, G. W. F. — Faunae Insectorum Germanicee initia, 1792-1810.
. J. C. Schtetfers Iconum Insectorum circa Ratisbouani indigenaruna

enumeratio systematica, 1804.

. Kritische Revision der Insectenfaune Deutschlands, 1805-1806.

RADOSKOWSKY, O. — Hymenopteres de 1'Asie (Ilor. Soc. Eut. Ross, viii,

pp. 187-200).
Rossi, P. — Mantissa lusectorum, exhibens species nuper in Etruria

collectas, adjectis Faunae Etruscse illustrationibus et

ernendationibus, 1792-94.
RATZEBURG, J. T. C. — Die Iclmeumonen der Forstinseckten in forstlicher

und entomologischer Beziehung, 3 vols., 1844-48-52.

RETZIUS, A. J. — Genera et Species Insectorum, 1783.

SAUSSURE, H. DE. — Histore Physique, Naturelle et Politique de
Madagascar ; pnbliee par Alfred Grandidier. Hymeno-
pteres, vol. xx, 1892.

. A Naturalist in the Transvaal ; by W. L. Distant, 1892.

SCHIODTE, J. G. — Ichneumoaidarum ad Danise faunam pertinentium
genera et species novse (Guerin's Mag. Zool. ser. ii, vol. i,
1839, p. 10; cf. Kroyers Naturhist. Tidskr. iii, 1840-41,
p. 96).

SCHMIEDEKNECHT, PROF. O. — Monographisclie Bearbeitung der Gattuno-
Pimpla (Zool. Jahrbucher, iii, 1888, pp. 445-542).

. Opuscula Ichneunionologica, 1902, et setjq.

— . Die Hymenopteren Mitteleuropas nach ihren Gattungen und
zum grossen Teil auch nach ihren Arten aualvtisch bear-
beitet; 1907.

SCHKANK, F. vox P.— Fauna Boica, 1798-1804.

SMITH, FRED. — Catalogue of the Hymenopterous Insects collected at
Sarawak, Borneo ; Mount Ophir, Malacca ; and at Singa-
pore, by A. R. Wallace (Jo urn. Linn. Soc. Lond. ii, 1857,
pp. 41-130).

. Descriptions of New Species of Hymenopterous Insects from the

Islands of Sumatra, Sula, Gilolo, Salwatty, and New
Guinea, collected by Mr. A. R. AVallace (op. cit. viii, 1865,
pp. 61-94).

— . A Catalogue of the Aculeate Hymenoptera and Ichneumonidfe
of India and the Eastern Archipelago (on. cit. xi, 1873,
pp. 285-415).

. Descriptions of New Species of Tenthrediuidae, Ichneumonidfe,

Chrysididae, Chalcididse, Formicidas. Heterogynidae of
Japan (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 373).

6

XV111 At'THORS COSBl'LTKl).

SMITH, FBED. — Preliminary Notice of New Species of Hymenoptera,

collected in the Island of Uodriguesi by the Naturalist

accompanying the Transit of Venus Expedition (Ann.

Mag. Nat.' Hist, xvii, 1876, p. 447).
— . Scientific Results of the Second Yarkand Mission ; based upon-

the Collections and Notes of the late Ferdinand Stoliczka.

Hymenoptera. Calcutta, 1878.
STUBBING, E. P. — Insect Life in India, and how to studv it (Journ.

Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xvi, 1905, p. 684).
STEIX, DB. II. vox. — Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Ichneumoniden-Gattung

Scololutes. Gr. (Eut. Nachr. 1880, pp. 103-106).
STEPHENS, J. F. — Illustrations of British Entomology ; Mandibulata,

vol. vii et Suppl. 1835.
SZEPLIGETI, V". — I'bersicht der Paliiarktischen Ichneumoniden. I Theil.

(Ann. hist. uat. Mus. Nat. Hung. 1905, pp. 509-f>40).
TASCHEXBEBG, E. L. — Bemerkungeu zu den Arten der Gnttung Pitnjjla.

bei Durchsicht der Gravenhorst' schen Tvpen (Zeit. gesam.

Natunviss. 186V5, pp. 50-63).
. Die Schlupwespenfamilie Pimplaria? dtr deutschen Fauna, mit

besonderer Riicksicht auf die Umgegend von Halle (on. cit.

1863, pp. 245 :X)5).
. Die Hymenopteren J)eut.sch lands nach ihren Gattungen und

theilweise nach ihren Arteu, 1866.

— . Zur Kenntniss der Gattung Ophion (Zeite. ges. Nat. 1875, p. 421).
TENXEXT, SIB J. E. — Ceylon: an Account of the Island, Physical,

Historical and Topographical, 2nd ed. 1859. List of

Ichneumonidse, i. p. 282.
— . Sketches of the Natural History of Ceylon with Narratives and

Anecdotes, 1861. List of'lchneuinonidje, p. 455.
THOMSON, PBOF. C. G.— Opnscula Eiitomologica, 1869-97.
. Notes Hymenopterologiques. — Genre Mesochoms (Ann. Soc. Ent.

France. lm>. pp. .",27-344).

. Hyinenoptevologische Beitrage (Deut. Ent. Zeit. 1887, pp. 193-

218).
TOSQVINET, DB. J. — Contributions a la Faune entomologique de

1'Afrique — Ichneumonides (M6m. Soc. Ent. Belgique, v,

1896).

TBEXTEPOHL, J. J. — Kevi^o critica generis Ichneumonis, iii (Isis, 1826.

pp. 29:5-301).
— . Critische Revision der Gattung Cryptus (op. cit. 1829, pp. 929

TSCHEK, C. — Beitrage zur Kenntniss der nesterreichischen Pimplarien
(Verh. k. k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xviii, 1868, p. 276).

. Das Mannchen von G1Jdeinopsig royenhoferi (op. cit. xx, 1 870

p. 429).
— . Ichneumonologische Fi-agmente, i. (op. cit. 1871, pp. 37-68).

VAI.LOT, DB. — F.clairci.ssemens sur quelques oaufs d'insectes (M6m. Acad.
Sciences, Dijon, 1836, p. 234).

VII.LEBS, C. J. DE. — Caroli Linnaei Entomologia, 1789.

VOLLENHOVEX, S. VAX. — Einiffe neue Arten von Pimplarien aus- Ost-
Indien (Stettin Ent. Zeit. xl, 1879, pp. 133-149).

. Pinacographia : Illustrations of more than 1000 species of North-
west European Ichneiiuionida?, sensu Linnseano, 1875-80.

AUTHORS CONSULTED. XIX

WALKER, FRANCIS. — Characters of some apparently undescribed Ceylon

Insects (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, v, 1860, pp. 306-307).
. Descriptions of some Japanese Hymenoptera (Ichneumonidae)

(Cist. Ent. 1874, p. 271).
WALSH, B. D.— Descriptions of North American Hymenoptera (Trans.

Acad. Sci. St. Louis, 1873, pp. 65-166).

WATERHOUSE, C. O.— Aid to the Identification of Insects, 1885.
WATT, G., C.I.E.— The Pests and Blights of the Tea Plant. Calcutta

1898.
WESMAEL, C. — lievue des Anomalous de Belgique (Bull. Acad. Rov.

Sci. Bruxelles, 1849, pp. 115-139).
— . Notice sur les Ichneumonides de Belgique appartenant "aux

genres Metopiits, Banchus, et Coleocetitrus (op. cit. 1849,

pp. 620-634).
WESTWOOD, J. O.— An Introduction to the Modern Classification o

Insects, 1839-40.
WOOD J. G. — Strange Dwellings, being a Description of the Habitations

of Animals, 1890.
ZETTEHSTEDT, J. \V. — Insecta Lapponica descripta 1840.

SUMMARY OF THE KNOWN INDIAN
ICHNEUMONES-DELTOIDEI.

Tribes.

Genera.

Species.

Hemigastrides

4

9

Acfenitides

8

12

Xoridides

7

22

Pimplides . .

25

105

Lissonotides

9

21

Banchides . .

6

14

PIMPMN-S: total 59 183

Metopiides

3

9

Sphinctides

I

1

Bassides

3

12

Exochides

9

18

Tryphonides

16

20

TRYPHONINJE total

.... 32

60

Paiiiscides

4

14

Ophionides

6

33

Nototrachides

1

2

Anonialides

10

29

Campoplegides

19

6G

Cremastides

. . . 2

8

Pristomerides

2

3

Porizonides

2

3

Mesochorides

3

5

OPHIONIN^ total .

49

163

TOTAL . .

. 140

. 406

INDEX TO THE INDIAN HOSTS ENUMERATED
IN THIS VOLUME.

LEPIDOPTERA.
Acanthopsyche (Psyche) subteral-

(tata, Ilmpsn., 195.
Acronycta major, Breiu., 367.
Actias kto, Dbld., 118.
Adolias garuda, Moore, 519.
Antigastra catalaunalis, Dp., 501,

507.

Antherceafrithi, Moore, 118.
Capua cojfearia, Neitner, 221.
Chilo simplex, Butl., 125, 507.
( 'naphalocrocis medinalis, Guen.,

116.

('ricula trifenestrata, Heifer, 1 10.
Deuychira horsjieldi, Saund., 394.
Dasychira mendosa, Hubn., 386.
Diacrisia obliqua, Walk., 602.
Ettcosma parayramma, Meyr., 507.
Eucosma stebbingi, Wlsm., 171.
Euproctis Jraterna, Moore, 390.
Euj»-octis scintillans, Walk., 390.
Eupterote sp., 438.
Euzophora perticella, Rag., 507,

510.
Laphyyma (Caradrind) exiyna,

Guen., 474

LEPIDOPTERA (con.).
Leucinodes orbonalis, Guen., 503,

510.

Ophiusa melicerta, Drury, 519.
Papilio patninon, L., 110.
Parnara matJiias, F. , 116.
Plutella maculipennis, Curt., 497.
Prodenia litura, F., 354.
Psyche albipes, iMoore, 195.
Psyche vitrea, Ilmpsn., 195.
Scirpophaya auriflua, Zell., 122.
Sylepta derogata, F., 122, 391.
Telcgonus thra.v, L., 118.
Trabala vishntt, I^efebyre, 375.
Trichoptihis ojcydactylns, Walk.,

440.

HYMENOPTKRA.
Athalia 2)roxima, King, 331.
Eumenes esuriens, F., 308.

DlPTERA.

Syrphus (fyyptius, Wied., 282.

COLKOPTEHA.

Chrysobothrus sp., 18-J.

ARACHMDA.
Chrisso sp., 207.

GLOSSARY.

Acetabula. — The eternal cup-like cavities, in which the coxa? revolve.
Aciculdtion. — A weries of flue, close, longitudinal lines, as though scratched by

the point of a needle.
Aculeate. — Furnished with a sting.
Acuminate. — Terminating in a sharp point.
Alntaceo-us.— Covered with minnte cracks, like the human skin.
Anal. — Eclating to the anus.

Aunellns. — The minute third joint of the antenna? and first of the flagellum.
Annulatcd. — Kinged or banded (of colour).
Ante. — (In composition) Before.
AntenncK. — The feelers; two elongate, porrect organs of appreciation rising

from the front of the head.
Anus.— The apex of the abdomen.
Apex. — That end of a, .segment or limb which is furthest from the base

(g. ».).

Apical. — .Relating to the, apex.
ApodouH. — Legless.
Apophyses. — (Gr. apophw, an offshoot). The dorso-lateral metathoracic

spines; it has bocii incorrectly employed to denote the apical joint of

the trochanter (troclumtcrdlii*, Schin.) by Katzeburg and Desvignes.
Apterous. — Wingless.
Arouate. — Arched ; curved like a bow.
Areated. — Bearing area1.
Areola.— The central area of the inetanotum ; not used in reference to the

wing.

AraoleL — The cubital cell of the front wing ; ai'eola, of various authors.
Armature. — Corneous parts of the genital organs, generally used of the

male.

Articulated. — J ointecl .

Attenuate. — Gradually tapering to a more or less distinct point.
Auriculate. — In the form of an ear.

.— Blackish red, often infuscate ; between castaneons and black.
.Base. — The nearest part of any member to the central point of the body,

namely, the point of juncture of the inesothorax with the scutelhim.
Bnccatc.— Inflated ; bulged out ; cheeks are so termed when they form almost

a right angle with the clypeus, viewed from in front.

Sulla.— The bulla of Jurine is the feuestra of Thomson (q. If.).

Caicarin. — The spines at the apex of the tibia.

Callosity. — A slight elevation or hump.

Callus.— A. small callosity immediately before the radix of the fore-wings.

Canaliculate. — Furrowed; elongately impressed.

Carina. — A keel, ridge or elevated line.

Carinate. — Keel-like; with a raised ridge.

Cast a iieotiK. — Ch estu ut-red .

Caudate. — In the form of a tail.

Cheeks. — That part of the head between the base of the mandibles and lower
margin of the eyes.

Clitinous. — Pertaining to chitin, of which the exo-skeleton of insects is com-
posed; presenting a hard surface.

Ciliatc. — Fringed with hairs or cilia, like an eye-lid.

Citrinous.— Bright lemon-yellow.

Clavate.— Clubbed.

Clyjxiif. — That part of the head between the face and the mouth.

Coiicolormis.— Of the colour last mentioned.

Connate. — Inflexibly soldered together.

Corbie ulatc.— Basket-shaped.

Cordiform. — Heart-shaped.

Coriaceous. — Presenting a surface like that of leather.

Corneous. — Horny.

Cornttte. — Horned.

Costa.--A. small elevated ridge ; rarely used of the front edge of the wing.

Costnla. — Exclusively used to denote the little costa separating the externo-
medial metathoracic arene into two parts.

Coxa. — The first or basal joint of the legs.

Cristula. — A little and usually elongate crest.

Cul triform. — Knife-shaped.

Declivous.— Running downwards.

Dentate.— Toothed.

DentiparaL— Tooth-bearing.

Deplanate. — Depressed or flattened dorsally.

Disc. — The central region.

Discrete. — Separated, usually by an impressed line; in the case of the petiolar

area it indicates that there are present two longitudinal carinse which.

divide the area into three parts.

Edentate.— Without teeth.

Emaryinale. — With the margin not continuous, generally centrally incised.

ISntire. — Without excision, emargination or projection.

A/wcHcw/rt.— The elevated anterior margin of the mesosternum.

Epittoiita. — The central, and often longitudinally elevated, portion of the face;
Gravenborst calls the whole front of the head, from the frons to the-
mandibles, the facies or hypostoma ; Berthoumieu calls it the epistome
or clypeus.

GLOSS AB\. XXT

Epomia. — The elevated margins of an oblique furrow in the propleurse for the

reception of the front femora.
Krareolate. — Without area?.
flrplanatc. — Flatly expanded .

Face. — The area between the antenna' and elypeus, laterally bounded by the
eyes.

Fades. — General aspect ; superficial appearance.

Fascia. — A transverse coloured band.

Femur. — The third section and fourth joint of the legs ; the thigh.

Fencstra. — A pellucid or interstitial point or space in a wing-nervure.

Ferruginous. — Bust -red; between red and castaneous.

Filiform. — Thread-like ; of equal breadth throughout.

Flagellum. — That part of the antenna; beyond the scape, i. c. joints 3 to apex,
the funiculus.

Flavidous. — Rather lighter or darker than Savons.

Flavoua. — Somewhat pale yellow ; between stramineous and fulvous.

Fovea. — A circular depression, usually of some size.

Foveola. — A small fovea, often distributed in series.

Frenum. — The transverse area on either side of the sciitellum, extending to
the radices.

Frons. — Forehead ; the region of the head between the vertex and th»
face.

Fulvous. — Tawny-yellow, darker than flavous.

Fusiform.— Spindle-shaped ; thickest centrally, narrowed towards both ex-
tremities.

Fuscous. — Tawny brown ; between fulvous and piceous.

Gaxtrocceli. — The usually transverse fovese on either side, near base of the-

second segment.

Genal. — Pertaining to the cheeks.
Gcniculatc. — Elbowed.
Gibbous. — Humped, strongly convex.

Glabrous. — Smooth and shining, usually with neither sculpture nor hairs.
Granulate. — Covered with small, round elevations.

Hamate. — Hooked.

Hirsute. — Covered with long hairs.

Hiimeral. — Eelating to the shoulder, near the lase of the wings.

Hypopygium. — The apical ventral segment of the abdomen.

Impunctate. — Without punctures.

Incisnres. — Depressed lines of junction between the iibdominnl segments.

Incrassatfi. — Th ickened .

Infumatc. — Clouded with smoky colouring.

Infuse ate — Clouded with fuscous colouring

Insertion.— Point of attachment of a movable part.

jxvi GLOSSARY.

In tumescoif.— Swollen, thickened.

JoiiUs.— The articulations of the antennae and legs ; not used of the abdomen.
Juxta-. — (In composition) Near.

Jjabrum.— A chitinous plate lying between the bases of the mandibles, im-
mediately before the clypetis.

Lanceolate. -Narrowly elliptical.

Lobatc. — "Bearing lobes.

Lunate. — Crescent-shaped.

Lunttla.— The crescent-shaped spot often present at, the vertical orbits ; the
small and circular glabrous area on the sides of the abdominal
segments.

Maculate. — Spotted or marked.

Membranous.— Composed of thin semitransparent tissue.

Mesothomx. — The second and central section of the thorax.

Mexosulcus.— Central longitudinal furrow of mesosternum.

Mctattiorax. — The third and hind section of the thorax (for details, se»

p. 10).

M&niliform.— Like a string of beads ; used of the antenna;.
Mitcronate. — Prolonged into a sharp point.

Nervelet.— The stump of a nervure often present on the upper side of the

internal orbital nervure, which in reality terminates in it.
Nigrescent.— Blackish.
Xtidulous. — Strongly shining.
Notauli. — The usually short, often absent, furrows on either side of the

mesonotum in front, which were incorrectly termed parapsides by

Holmgren.
Notum. — The upper surface of the thorax; that of the prothorax is the

pronotum, or collar, &c.

Obsolete. — Traceable, though almost effaced.

Ocelli. — The three simple eyes, always present upon vertex of the head.

Occiput. — The back of the head, between the vertex and the collar.

Ochraceous. — Brownish-yellow.

Onychium.—Tke apical tarsal joint, bearing the onycb.es or claws.

Orbit*. — The margins of the head round the eyes.

Oval. — Longer than broad, laterally rounded, with the extremities of equal

breadth.
Ovate. — Longer than broad, laterally rounded, with the extremities of unequal

breadth; egg-shaped.

Paljn. — Sensitive organs of appreciation, articulated and attached to the

mandibles and labrum.

Parapsidex. — Strongly declivous parts between the scutellmn and tegulse.
Pectinate.— Furnished with teeth, like a comb.

Pectoral. — Pertaining to the breast or sternum.

Pcdicellus. — The minute second joint of the antenna; and apical of the

scape.

Pellucid. — (Of nervures) seinitranspareut, ill-defined.
Petiole.— The narrow basal half of the first abdominal segment; peduncle ;

pedicle.

Phytophagous. — Plant-feeding.

Pilose. — Hairy; hairs longer than in pubescent, shorter than in hirsute.
Piceonx. — Pitchy, dark brown ; between fuscous and black.
Pleura. — The lateral surfaces of the thorax ; those of the prothorax are the

propleuras, &c.

Plicate.— Furnished with a fold.
Plumbeous. — Lead-colour.

Postannellus. — The fourth joint of the antenme and second of the flagellum.
PostseiiteUum.—Tbe small rounded prominence between the scutellum. and

metanotum.

Prothorax. — The first and front section of the thorax.
Pubescence. — Very short, fine hairs, causing a downy appearance.
Pubescent. — Bearing pubescence.
Pulvillus.—Tbe pad between the tarsal claws.
Punctate. — Covered with punctures, small circular pits.
Punctulatc. — Covered with fine, often subobsolete punctures.
Pygidium. — The apical dorsal segment of the abdomen.
Pyriform. — Pear-shaped.

Quadrate. — Square .

Radius. — The radial nervure ; the old authors used it for the costa of the

fore wings.

Radix. — Base of the wings, and their point of insertion.
Ramtllus. — The ramellus of Thomson is the nervelet (q.v.) of Stephens.
Reflexed.— Bent backwards ; upturned.
Reniform. — Kidney-shaped.

Reticulate. — Covered with a network, like the human skin.
Rityose. — Irregularly and roughly wrinkled.
Rugulose. — Irregularly but not roughly wrinkled.

Scabrous. — Eegularly and somewhat roughly wrinkled.

Scabriculous. — Eegularly and finely wrinkled.

Scape. — The basal antennal joint ; used collectively for the two basal joints,

of which the pedicellus is very small.
Scapula. — A small, dense tuft of hair.
Scrobes. — The usually circular impressions upon the frons in which the scapes

revolve.

Scutellum. — The usually triangular, raised area at the base of the thorax.
Scutum. — The mesonotum.
Segments. — The articulations of the abdomen ; not used of the antennae and

legs.
Sericeouf. --With recumbent silky pubescence.

.\.\\iii GLOSSAHY.

Serrate. — Furnished with strong teeth, like a saw.

Sessile.— (Of the abdomen) broadly connected with thorax ; in contradistinction
to petiolute.

Seta. — An elongated, isolated bristle.

Setaceous. — Gradually tapering from base to apex, like a bristle.

Setigerous. — Bearing setae.

Shagreened. — Unevenly glabrous; not smooth, but with sculpture obsolete.

Siiitple. — Bearing no peculiar modifications.

Sinuate. — Presenting a waved and undulating outline, less strong than
emarginate.

SiMtulifor-n. — Flattened out, deplanate ; like a spatula.

Spicula. — The oviduct, or central organ of the terebra ; of female only.

Sjn/iose. — Bearing spines or isolated bristles.

Spinulose. — Bearing small, often indistinct, spines.

Spiracles. — A respiratory opening upon the surface of the body.

Sternauli.— The short, and often absent, furrows on either side of the meso-
s tern urn.

Sternum. — The lower surface of the thorax ; that of protborax is the pro-
sternum, &c.

Stigma. — The corneous mass in the centre of the front margin of the fore
wings.

Stramineous. — Straw-coloured ; primrose-yellow ; between white and flavous.

Striate. — Furnished with series of distinct impressed lines; stronger than
aciculate.

Strigose. — Furrowed or wrinkled.

Striolate.— Furnished with large and deep acieulations ; finer than striate.

Sub-. — In composition, diminishes the qualification.

Sitlcus. — An impressed, elongate furrow.

Sulciform. — Resembling a sulcus.

Tarsus.— The apical section of the leg, next after the tibia; the foot;

consisting of five distinct joints, of which the onychium bears two

claws.

Tectiform.— Roof-shaped.

Tegula. — The cover of the wing-base ; sqarnulse of various authors.
Terebra. — Ovipositor ; borer ; aculeus ; the oviduct and sheaths collectively ;

of female only.

Testaceous.— ^ Darkish yellow ; between flavous and fulvous.
Thorax. — The trunk or middle section of the body, bearing the legs and

wings ; always divided into three parts, termed the pro-, meso-, and

metathorax ; the upper surface is the notum, the lower the sternum.

and the lateral are the pleurae (for details, see p. 10).
ThyridiL— The apical margin of the gastroco?li, often alone visible.
Tibia.— The fourth section of the leg, between the femur and the tarsus :

the shin.

Tomentose.— Covered with «hort interwoven hairs or pile.
Trochanter.— The second section of the leg, between the coxa and femur ;

divided in all Ichneumoniclji- into two joints, the apical of which is the

trochanterellus.

GLOSSARY. Xxix

Truncate. — Cut off in a straight line, neither sinuate nor curved.
Tubercle. — A small knob-like prominence.
Tuberculiform. — In the form of a tubercle.
Tumiditlous. — Strongly convex.

Unicolorous. — Of a uniform colour throughout.

Valvulce. — The branches of the genital forceps of the male ; usually visible
exteriorly, and liable to be mistaken for the terebra when that organ
is short.

Ventral. — Pertaining to the lower surface of the abdomen.

Vertex. — Highest point; usually used of the head, in which it bears the
ocelli.

Vittose. — Clothed with long, raised, closely-set hairs.

VittfB. — Streaks or bands of colour, usually on the mesonotum.

Vomerifonn. — Ploughshare-shaped.

SYSTEMATIC IXDEX.

Page |

Page

Order IlYMENOPTEKA . .

.18 1. dotlio, Mod.

. 53

7. Boloderma, Mod.

. 54

Earn. 1. JCHMEUMONIU*

. 18 1 . cadmus', Mori

55

Subfam. 1. Pimplinfe

. 22

8. lanera, Cam
1. anmilipe.s. Cam. .

. . 56

. . 57

Tribe 1. He in iga strides

. 24

1. Macrogaster, Brul

. 25

inbe 3. X or id ides. .

57

1. nigricaus, Cam
2. varipes, Cam
3. ferruginous, Cam. . .
4 luteus Cam

! 28
. 29
. 30
. 31
32

1. Agenora, Cam.

. . 59
59
. . 60
. . 60
. . 61

1. liirticeps, Cam.

2. Echtlirus. Gnu-
1. inaculiscutis. Cam. .
3. Torbda, Can,. .'.

"^ Olireusa Cam . . .

*) lutea Cant

33
. 34
. 35
. 36

a*-
1

. 38

1. geniculata, Cam
2. violaceipennis, Cam.
3. fernoratrt, Cain
4. macuTipenois, ('am.
5. fulgidipenuis, Cam. . .
6. apicalis, Cam
4. Pseudeiigalta, Asian. . ,

. . 63

. . 63
. . 63
. . 64
. . 65
. . 65
. . 66

3. Hemigaster, Brul
1. fasciatus, Brul
2. carinifrons, Cam
4. Arthula, Cam
1. brunneocornis, Cam.

Tribe 2 Acsenitides....

39

1. spinosa, Cam
2. moloch, Mod

. . 67
. . 68

1. Acsenitus, Latr

. 40

3. nigricollis, Cam-

. . 69

1. grandipes, Mori

. 41

4. punctulata, Cam.

. . 69

2. alecto, Mori

. 42

5. Eugalta, Cam

. . 70

3. xanthorius, Mori

. 43

1. strigosa, Cam

. . 71

4. biumbratus, Mod. . .

. 44

2. albitarsis, Cam

. 72

•2. Collyria, Schiiid
1. unif'asciatus, Mots. . .

, 45
. 46

3. linearis, Mori.
4. vittata, Mori

. 73

. 74

2. gracilipes, Mots

. 47

6. Batliymeris, Cum. ......

. 75

47

r-r

1. mollerii, Biny

. 48

i. longipes, Lam
7. Xvlonoiuus, Grau

/O

. 76

4. OSdematopsis, TscJiek . .

. 49

1. tartar us, Mod

. 78

1. apollos, Moil

. 50

2. abaddon, Mori

. 79

5 AcEenitellus, Mori

. 51

80

1. polypori, Mod

. 51

4. annulicornis, Cam.

. 80

6. Thymaris, Font

52 5. cgerulescens, Mori. . •

. 82

XIXH SVSTK

Tribe 4 P i in p 1 i d e s

M.vric

Page
83

80
86
87
88
89
89
90
91
92
03
94
05
06
07
99
100
102
103
104
105
106
106
108
113
114
115
115
116
118
119
121
121
122
123
124
124
125
126
127
128
129
129
131
132
132
133
134
134
135
137
138
139
140
141
142

; INDEX.
3. iridipeuuis, CV/>«

Page
142

14:;

144
145

145
14<5
14(5
148
149
140
150
151
153
153
154
155
156
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
168
169
169
171
172
172
173
174
175
176
177
179
179
180
181
182
184
185
186
186
188
189
190
192
104
194
195
196
198
198
199

1. Calliephialtes, A *h»i
1. xanthosoniH, Mori
'2. Ephirhyssa, Crent
1. tiavobalteata, Cam

4. gracilis, Cam.
5. maskelivjc, Cam

10. Lissotheionia, Cam. . .

1 . flavipes, Cam
11. Orientotherouia, Mori
1. rufescens, Mori
2. maculipes, Mori.
3. acheron, Mori
12. Erythrotbenniia, Cam
1. tiavolineata, Cam
j 13. Pimpla, F.

•3 Rhyssa (Jruv . . .

•2. fulvipennis, Cam
4. Lytarnies, Cam
1 . inaculipennis, Cam
2. hyalinipennis, Cam
5. Echtbromorpha, Holm;/. . .
1 . insidiator, Smith

1. latisulcata, Cam. ......
2. bicarinata, Cavi
3. atnpla, Mori

4. taprobanee, Cam
5. instigator, F.

6. laotboe, Ctim
7. nepe, Cam
8. arctica, Zett
0. indra, Cam
10. cvanea, Mori.

3. persimilis, Cam
4. mtricatoria, F.
<> 1 labropiuipla, Cam

1 bilineata, Cam

] 1. turionelliR, L
12. himalavensi.s, Cam
13. apollyJn, Mori
14. latiforeata, Cam
15. laetiventris, Cam
14. Itoplectis, Forst
1 . alternans, Cfrav. .

1 albopicta, Walk. . .

•8. Xaiithopimpla, flatus
1 tigris, Krieg

3. naenia, Mori.
4. immaculata, Mori
."> pedator, F.

2. orientalis, Mori.

3. sikkimensis. Cam
15. Epiurus, Fbrtt.
1 . satanas, Mori
2. nursei, Cam

7 tvilasciata Smith . .

8. fasciata, Kriey
0 nursei, Cam

10. transversalis, Toll
1 1 kandiensis, Cam

3. lineipes, Mori

4. erebus, Cam
16. Ephialtes, Schr.

12. tibialis, Mori

I. nigritarsis, Cam
2. nigroniaculrttus, Cam. . .
3. lachesis, Mori.
4. crassns, Mvrl.
5. iridipennis, Mori
6. tinctipennis, Cam
7. longiventris, Cam
8. latiannulatus, Cam.

14. soleata, Krieg
15 pardalis, K*'i?g. .

1<>. appendicnlaris, Cam. . .
17. kriegeriana, Cam

19. taprobanica, Cam
20. sikkimensis, Cam

'Jl iniinit :i. Cam

17. Heraipinipla, Sauss
1. testacea, Cam

22. parva, Cam
23 binghanri, Cam.

2. caffra, Sans*
3. rugosa, de G

24 cera, Cam

25 honorata, Cum

4. ariana, Cam. .

2C kha^iana, Cam

18. Philopsvche, Cam
1. albobalteata, Cam
19 Exeri^tes Forst

27. indubia, Cam

29. app'endiculata, Cam. . .
:2. Theronia, Holmg

1 . albicincta, Mori
2. tibialis, Mori

1. clathrata, Krieg

3. flavoscutis, Cam
4. leucostonm, Cam

2. nigrobulteata, Cam

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Xxxiii

Exeristes (con.}. Page
5. nigroscutis, Cain 200
6. fiavipalpis, Cam 200

2. tisiphone, Mori
3. uigripes, Grac

Page
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
2o4

255
257
257
258
259
200

201

26'>

263
263
264
265
266
267
. 268
269
. 270
. 270
. 271
.)"•>

. 272

. 273

273

. 274

. 275
. 27(5
278

7. pulchella, Mori
8. carinifrons, Cam
9. pulchrimaculata, Cam. .
20. Miophatnus, Cam
1. nigromaculatus, Cam...
21. Polyspbincta, Grav
1. cevlonica, Axhrn

201
202
203
204
205
205
207
208
209
209
210
210
211
212
213
214

215

216
217
218
219
220
221
221
222
223
224
225
227
227
228
229
229
230
230
231
231
232
. 233
. 234
. 234
. 235
. 236
. 238
. 239
. 240
. 241

. 242

. 243
. 244

5. nitidus, Cam
6. fornicator, F.
2. Tegona, Mori =

3. Bancbus, F.
1. aruiillatiis, Mori
2. flavoniHCulatus, Cam. . .
3. nox, Mori
4. Fintona, Cam
1. uigripalpis, Cam
5. Eponitps, Cam
1. ruficoriiis, Cam
2. scutellaris, Mori

Subfam. 2. Tryphomnat
Tribe 1 AI e t o p i i d e s

22. Csenopimpla, Cam
1. ruficollis, Cam
'*3 Glvptopimpla Mori

1. prima. Mori
24. Glypta, Grav
1. nigriua, Desv
2. tricariimta, Cam
25. Apophua, Mori
1. metopiiforrais, Mori. . .

Tri'c e 5. Lissonotides ...

1. Stictolissonota, Cam. . . .
1. foveata, Cam
2 Plivtodisetu^, Grav

1. Scallama, Cam
1. tvilineata, Cam
2. crassipes, Cam
2. Metopius, Panz
1. lar, Mori
2. pulchripes, Cam
3. fusiformis, Mori
4. rufus, Cam
3. Cultrarius, Dams
1. flavobalteatus, Cam. .
2. purpureotinctus, Cam.
3. areolatus, Cam

Tribe 2. Sphinctides ...

1. Spbinctus, Grac
1. trichiosoma, Cam. . . .

Tribe 3. B a s s i d e s

1. coryphaeus, Grav. . . .
2. capuae, Mori
3 Plivtodicietoides Mori

4. Alloplasta, Forst
1. pilosa, Cam
5. Lissonota, Grav
1. brevicauda, Mori. . . .
2. spilopus, Cam
3 lepida Cam

4. minuenta, Mori
5. binghami, Cam
6. v-maculata, Cam. . . .
7. morum, Mori
8. greeni, Cam
G. Ctenopimpla, Cam
1. alboiuaculata, Cam. . . .
7. Meyva. Cam
1. villosa, Cam
8. Syzeuctus, Forst
1. cotnpressus, Mori. . .
2 claripennis, Cam.
3. aunulipes, Cam
4. zanthorius, Cam
5. baluchistanensis, Cam.
9. Lampronota, Hal
1. quintana, Mori

Tribe 6. Ban chides .. ..
1. Exetastes, Grav

1. laetatorius, F.

. 278
279
. 280
. 281
. 282
283

4. multicolor, Grav
5. orientalis, Cam
6. clotbo, Mori
2. ITomocidus, Mori

2. tarsatorius, Pz
3. ornatus, Grav
4. dimidiatus, Schr
3. Promethus, Thorns
1. sulcator, Grav
2. puk-bellus, Hofuiff. . .
c

. 283

. 285
. 28f.

. 287
287
. 288

IX XIV

SYSTEMAT1C INDEX.

Page

1 Aithris Cain.

290

1. rutipe?, Cam

:;:!4

1. coruutus, Cam
2. Xantbexocbus, Mori. . . .

291
. 292

13. Cteuacine, Forst
1 . pallidipes, Cam
14. IMiorus, Forst

835

331 i

1. scutellatus, Mori.. . . .

293

3. Exochtis, Grav
1. xanthopus, Cam

293
294
296

15. Scolobates, Grav
1 . testaceus, Mori

33S
838

3. coronellus, Mori.
4. flavicaput, Mori.

296
297

2. auriculatus, }
16. Megastylus, Schiod
1. longicoxis, Cam

339
341

5. flavinotuui, Mori.
4. Polyclistus, Forst
1. appendiculatus, Cam. .
2. erytbroptis, Cam.
5. Triclistus, Fiiritt

298
299
300
300

Subi'aui. 3. Ophionina)
Tribe 1 . P a 11 i s c i d e s

343
345

1 diiuidiatus Mori

301

1 . Paniscus, Schr

347

3. curvicariuatus, Cam. .
4. pallidifrons, Mori. . . .
6. Alfatrema Cam.

303
304
304

1 . laevis, Cam
2. intermedium, Cam
3. nigrireotria, lirulle ....

349

4. ocellaris, Thorns ....

' *•")( )

7. Colpotrochia, Holmy. . . .

:!05

5. liueatus, Briil
6. testaceus, Grav

35^

2. pilosa, Cam

307

Of|Q

7. quadrilineatus, Smith . .
8. renovatus, Mori. , .

:W4

9. orientalis, Cam. . .

355

9. Set icorii uta, Mori

310

10. flavolineatus, Cam
1 1. montanus Cam

355
:'.5(5

2. Parabatus, Thorns

357

Tribe 5. T r y p b o n i d e s ...

1 . Cryptodeuia, Mori.
1 . anormis, Mori
2. Perilissus, Holmy

311

312
313
314

1. virgatus, Fourc
2. auiplus, Mori
3. Tetragonalys, Mori
1 . barbarica, Mori.
4. Parca, Mori. . . .

35*
:}59
359
360

1 . tilicornis, Grav
2. tricolor Mori

315
316

1. ocularia, Mori

361

3. i ilgiila, Cam

317

1. albitarsis, Cam

318
319

Tribe 2. O ph i o n i d e s
1. Ophioii F.

362

1 ciii"ulator Mori

319

1. luteus, L

365

5. Kurvproctus, Holmo.

320

2. dentatus, &mit/i

366

\. anuulifornis, Cam. . . .
2. spinipes, Cam
6. Dvspetes, Forst

321
323
323

8. areolatus, Cam
4. bicarinatus, Cam
5. carinatus, Cam

366
367
368

1 . prserogator, L
7. Tryphon, Fin

324

325

6. asiaticus, Kok
7. fuscomaculatus, Cam. . .

369
369

1 . antennatus, Mor!
8. Labrossyta, Forst

325
327

8. albopictus, Smith
9. quettaeiisis, Cam

370
371

1 . niTiceps, Cam.

327

10. generator, F. ...

371

9. Mesoleius, Holmff
1 . wablberiri Holmy

328

11. triangularemaculatus,
Mots

10. Exacrodus, Forst. .

330

2 Pleuroneuropbion, Aahm

37 •>

1 . populans, Mori. .....
11. Monoblastus, Hty

330
331

1 . ervthrocerus, Cam
3. Allocamptus, Thorns. . . .

373

374

1 . orientalis, Cam.

1. sinuatus Mori.

375

•2. niger, Cam

333 i

2. index us, Mori.

375

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Page
4. Stauropodoctonus, Brautu. . 375
1 . orientalis Mori 37fi

/ ]
3. decorum, Cam

Page
422
422
423
424
424
425
426
427
427
428
428
429
431
431
432

433

435
435
436
438
438
439
440
441
441
442
443
444
444
445
445
447
449
450
450
451
452
453
453
454
454
455
456
456
457
458
458
459
460
461
462
463
463
464

4. tinctipenne, Cam
5. apicale, Cam

2. biumbratus, Mori. . .
•~>. Orientospilus, Mori
1 . indiyiduus, Mori. . .
'2. reticulatus, Cam. .

. . 377

.. 378
. . 378
379

6. binghami, Cam
7. Agrypon, Forst
1 . nox, Mori
2. varitarsum, ll'esin
3. tisiphone, Mori.
8. Clatlia, Cam.

6. llenicospilus, StepJi
1. ceylonicus, Cain. . . .
"2. uuivittatus, Brul. . .
3. flavicaput, Mori
4. pungens, Smith ....
5. rufus, Tosq
6. uuiliueatus, Cant. . .
7. hariolus, Mori
a. reticulatus, Cam
9 uierdarius, Cfrav

.. 380
. . 382
. . 383
. 384
. . 384
. . 385
.. 386
. . 387
. . 388
389

\ . lou<npes, Cum

9. Trichoimna, Wesm
1 . iiigricans, Cam
2. productor, Mori
10. Metanomalon, Mori

1. polieuduui, Mori. ....

Tribe 5. Cauipoplegides..

1. Charops, Holmy
1. dominaus, Walk
2. obtusus, Mori

10. melauocarpus, Cam.
11. atricornis, Mori
12. spilonotus, Cam
13. striatus, Cam
14. orieii tails, Mori
15. dasychirse, Cam
16. horsfieldi. Cam
1 7. crassus, Mori.

Tribe 3. Nototrachides

1 . N» itotrachys, Marsh ....
1. ibliator, l'\

. . 390
. . 391
. . 392
.. 392
. . 393
. . 394
. . 394
. . 395

.. 397

. . 397
. . 397
.. 400

. . 401

. . 403
.. 403
. . 404
. . 405
. . 406
. . 407
. . 407
. . 408
. . 409
.. 410
.. 411
. . 412
. . 413
. . 414

3. erythrogaster, Asltni. . .
2. Ilymenobosmina, D. T. . .
] . spinipes, Cam

2. trichoptilus, Cam
3. pilosella, Cam
4. mandibularis, Cant
3. Tratbala, Cam
1. striata, Cam
4. Cephalobolus, Mori
] . parvipes, Mori.
5. Xaiitbociimpoplex. Mori. . .
1 . orientalis, Mori
6. Cainpoplex, Grav

•2. variistriatus, Mori. . .

Tribe 4. A n o m a 1 i d e s . .

1. Schizoloma, Wesin
1. fulvicornis, Cam
2. aiuictu, F.
•2. Heteropelnia, We$m.
1. calcator, Wcsm. . . .
•2. orbitnlis, Mori. . ....
3. fulvitarsis, Cam
3. Exochilum, Wesm
1 . barbaricum, Mori. . .
•2. circumflexum, L
•'5. orbitale, Mori
4. acheron, Mori
5. diabolus, Mori.
4 Ma^nibucca, Mori. . . .

1. proximus, I'drst.

•2. fuscipalpis, Cam
3. novitius, Mori
4. perditor, Forst
5. indicus, Mori
6. simlsensis, Cam
7. minimus, Mori

8. cytaeis, Cam.

9. mquinatus, Mori
10. zoiiatus, Mori

11. binghami, Mori
12. altius, Mori. . .

1. testacea, Mori

.. 414
. 415

13. tyrannus, Cam
14. lapponicus, Holmy
1 5. prytanes, Cain
1 6. mf umatus, Mori
1 7. hirnalayensis, Cam
18. confusus, Forst
19. buddha, Cam
20. indicus, Mori.
21. reticulatus, Marl
22. sumptuosus, Cam

1 pilosella, Cam . .

416

2. rufolineata, Cam
3. intorstitialis, Cam. . .
4. variornata, Cam
5. erythrocera, Cam. . .

. . 417
. . 417
. 418
. 419
420

1. brachypterum, Cam.
•2. carinifrons, Cam

. 421
. 421

SYSTEMATIC INDEX.

Campoplex (cow.).
23. longipes, Smith

Page
464

1. ebeuina, Grac

Page
494

?4. snftfiosns. Cam. .

465

2. sitnlaensis, Cam.

495

7. /sichrestft. Forst

405

3. varicoxa, Thorns

496

8.

1. nigromaculata, Cam. .
Rhimphoctona, Forst. . . .

. 465
466

19. Angitia, Holmy
1. fenestralis, Holmy. . . .

496
497

] . pluto, Mori.

. 467

9.

Delopia, Cam

. 468

Tribe 6. C r e m a s t i d e s ...

497

10.
11.

13.

1. cariniscutis, Cam. . . .
Erioborus, Forst

468
469
. 469
. 470
. 471
. 471
472
. 473
. 473
474
475
. 475
. 476

1. Cremastus, Grav

498
499
500
501
502
503
504
. 504
505
. 506

. 507

1 . perfidiis, Grao
Uiocte* Forst . •

2. flavus, Cam
3. uoxiosus, Mori
2. Tarytia, Cam
1. nigromaculata, Cam. .
2. empusa, Mori
3. cariniscutis, Cam. . . .
4. basimacula, Cam. . . .
5. flavo-orbitalis, Cum. . . .

Tribe 7. Pristomer ides .

1. apostate, Grac
2. trochanterata, Mori.
3. vulgaris, Mori
4. debilis, Mori
5. argenteopilosa, Cum. .
0 albicalcar Moil

Trophocampa. ftchm.

1 indubia, Mori
Casiuaria, Holmy

1 . atrata, Mori

. 476

1. Pristomerus, Curtis

. 507

11.

Siuophorus Schm

477

1. iuar°"iincollis Cum..

508

1 collinus, Mori.

478

2. t< staceus, Mori

509

16.

Olesicampa, Thorns

. 478

2. Pristomerida, Ashm.

. 510

1. tiavicornis, Thorns. . . .

. 479

1. secuuda, Mori

510

16.

Linineriuin, Ashm

. 480

1 . buddlia, Cam

. 482

Tribe 8. P o r i z o n i d e s ...

. 511

2. f uscicarpus, Thorns. . . .
3. forticarinatum, Cam. .

. 482
. 483
. 483
. 485
. 485
. 486

1. Porixou. Fin

. 512
512
. 513
. 514

. 514

1. pallidipes, Mutt

4. quettaeiise, Cam
5. cnissdfeuiur, Thorns. .
6. volens, Cant
7. renovatuni, Mori. . .

2. meridionali.s, Mori. . . .
2. Diaparsis, Forst
1. caudata, Mori

8. indicum, Cam
9. bimalayense, Cam. . . .

. 487
. 488

Tribe 9. M e s o c h o r i d e s .

. 515

10. agreense, Cam. '

. 488

1. Astiphronima, Forst. . . .

. 516

11. taprobanicum, Cam. .

. 489

1. petiolata, Mori

. 516

12. parvicarinatum, Cam. .

. 490

2. Mesochorus, Grav

. 517

13. morosuni, Cam.

. 491

1. facialis, Bridy

. 518

14. ceylouicum, Cam. . . .

. 491

2. fragilis, Mori

. 519

17.

Idechthis, Forst

. 492

3. claristigmaticus, Mori.

. 519

1. striatft CViwi,

492

3 Edrisa, Cam

520

18.

Anilasta, Thotn*

.' 493

1. pilicoruis, Cam

. 521

INTBODUCTION,

HISTORY.

THE IcffifEUMONiDjE were first definitely separated from the
remainder of the parasitic Hymenoptera by Professor Graven-
horst in 1829, when he published his ' Ichneurnonologia Europsea,'
wherein he limited the family to those Parasitica having strong:
wing-nervures, of which the second recurrent was very definitely
present. He not only described the whole of the European
species known to him in a collection of a hundred thousand
specimens, but he also brought forward in a concise and easily
assimilated form all that his predecessors had done in the subject,
and gave detailed accounts of every published species unknown
to himself. This work laid the foundation of our present know-
ledge of this family, and it is comparatively recently that we have
to any appreciable extent dared to depart from the mode of classi-
fication therein laid down.

The peculiar difficulty experienced by the student of these-
parasites is the extreme similarity in structure of specimens
which are obviously specifically distinct; and hence Graveuhorst
relied in a great measure on colour, always an unsatisfactory
guide, for his specific distinctions ; indeed, such structural points
as exist are so minute that their neglect by the earlier writers
can readily be understood. As more and more workers bore their
testimony, however, structure speedily took the place of colour in
systematic works. The first subsequent author worthy of note
was Prof. C. Wesmael, who contributed a monograph on the
genus Ichneumon to the Brussels Academy in 1844; to this the
same author added seven valuable supplements during the follow-
ing fifteen years, and in 1849 he published a revision of Jurine's
genus Anomalon. Where Wesmael left the subject, it was taken
up by Holmgren, who considerably advanced our knowledge in
his 'Ichneumonologia Suecica ' of 1864-89. Gravenhorst had
divided the family into five groups, and Holmgren elaborated the
OPHIONIN^E in 1858, the TRYPHOI^IN^E in 1859, and the PIMPLIIO;.
in 1860, on structural characters.

Nothing had been done to elucidate the CRYPTIN^, however,
before 1865, when Taschenberg redescribed Gravenhorst's types
in a somewhat perfunctory manner, excepting Dr. Arnold Forster's
too elaborate Monograph of the genus Pezomachus in 1850 ; and
some new species of the family were somewhat inadequately
described about the same time by Eatzeburg from the German
forests.

INTRODUCTION.

This was the position of matters when Prof. C. G. Thomson
began to issue his great ' Opuscula Entomologica,' a work of the
most amazing erudition aud minutest observation ; new genera
were erected upon constant and beautifully natural characters,
the affinities of groups and genera were exposed with the utmost
acumen and the previous artificial, rule-of-thumb method of
naming was swept away. His short papers in the ' Annales ' of the
French Entomological Society and the ' Deutsche Entomologische
Zeitschrift ' are of equally high merit. During the twenty-eight
years that the ' Opuscula ' occupied in production many workers
had given their attention to the subject : in Germany, Brischke
brought out an account of the Prussian species, Kriechbaumer had
•contributed many papers both upon Palaearctic and exotic groups,
and Dr. Schmiedeknecht had monographed the CUYPTINJE in the
-combined light of Thomson's and Carl Tschek's discoveries ;
in Holland, Van Vollenhoven had beautifully illustrated a great
many species : in Britain, the Eev. T. A. Marshall had issued his
1872 Catalogue of the indigenous ICHNEUMONIDJE, which enabled
Bridgman and Fitch to contribute their Introductory Papers on
the subject to the ' Entomologist ' ; while in 1896, Dr. Tosquinet
presented his ' Ichneumonides d'Afrique' to the Entomological
Society of Belgium, and the Abbe Berthoumieu brought forward
his general account of the ICHNEUMONIN^E of Europe and the
adjacent countries in the French ' Annales.' During the same
period Fred. Smith and Francis Walker, Motschulsky and Van
Vollenhoven had described new kinds from Asia and Australia,
and Cresson, Davis, and Ashmead had begun the task of elucidating
this branch of the American fauna.

The present century was begun under the satisfactory con-
ditions of a complete synopsis of the genera of ICHNEUMONID^E
by W. H. Ashmead, which, though often faulty and not less
frequently obscure, has proved invaluable to the general student ;
and Dalla Torre completed his synonymic Catalogue of the world's
species, a work of even higher intrinsic worth, and one which
gives a good idea of the extent to which the study of the ICHNEU-
MONIDJE has now grown, as may be gathered from the fact that
the mere names of the species there occupy over a thousand
closely printed pages.

As regards India, Linnaeus, De Geer, Fabricius, and several
more of the old authors described a certain number of Ichneumons
from there, though rarely in an exact manner ; and we are often
quite at a loss to recognise those brought forward by Brulle in his
general account of 1846 ; additions to the Indian species were also
made by Smith and Walker, but the latter frequently assigned
his species to incorrect genera. But the great majority of the
published species have been described by Peter Cameron, who
has been most assiduous in this respect, and had his know-
ledge of the Palsearctic forms been commensurate with his zeal in
bringing forward the Oriental, he would have already laid a very
substantial foundation for future research. Unfortunately for

HISTORY. 3

his successors, he was not prepared to regard India as a part of the
world, but as a world apart, and each fresh kind that he saw from
there was duly chronicled as a new species.* This practice has led
to some chaos, though I have synonymised nearly all the False-
arctic forms which he has described as new, since the opportunity
has been afforded me by Lt.-Col. Nurse and Lt.-Col. Bingham of
examining the type specimens. But where the types have been
inaccessible it is not infrequently quite impossible to tell what
his insects were, since he habitually used no reference to standard
authors, was vague respecting the basal and apical extremities of
the thoracic segments, and so unintelligible in his account of the
universally recognised terms for the metanotal areas and carinse
that I have occasionally been driven to reproduce his accounts of
them verbatim. His earlier descriptions lack any but the vaguest
venational characters, though in this respect his style improved
in 1907, and his tables are often quite unreliable (cf. Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 21). I have, too, in every instance found
it necessary entirely to rewrite his descriptions, simply quoting
such involved passages as I dare not attempt to interpret, when-
ever the type has been unavailable. Cameron has disposed of
a great number of so-called "types" to the British Museum
authorities ; but that these are in every case what they purport
to be is open to doubt, since specimens bearing the same name
and also labelled " type " in his handwriting are to be seen in the
collections of the captors. In 1897 and 1899, when he began to
describe Indian ICHXEUMONID^;, Cameron appears to have taken
it for granted that nothing, or practically nothing, was known
from the Oriental Region, beyond that which is contained in
Smith's Catalogue of 1873 and Brulle's work ; consequently one
cannot be surprised at his describing as new in 1903, the Sphex
rugosus of De Geer (1760), which is the Pimpla bipartita of Brulle
(1846). With respect to relegating species to their correct genera
Cameron was distinctly vague before the publication of Ashmead's
tables in 1900 ; and even subsequently he cannot always be relied
upon in this respect, since he seems blindly to have followed
characters there set forth, with such results as the inclusion of
male Lissonota (PIMPLINJE) in the genus Mesoleptus (TRYPHO-
NLN-^E), &c. I consider few of Cameron's genera stable, and
surmise that he erected them whenever at a loss in the recognised

* I have seen sixteen specimens labelled by Mr. Peter Cameron as the
"types" of his species, of which I can discover no published descriptions,
and as direct appeals to him for references, both on my own behalf and
that of the British Museum, have elicited no reply whatever, I arn led to
consider them MS. names. Colour is lent to this view by the fact that the
list was formerly longer and embraced those species brought forward by him
in the Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Journal, late in 1909. These sixteen species
are ; — Pimpla marci, Pimpla litigiosa, Pimpla asiatica, Ephialtes iridipennis,
Tegona (n. n.) rujipes, Nothamia (n. n.) bicarinata, Anomalon leptogaster, Cam-
poplex indicus, Campoplex zonatus, Campoplex binghami, Campoplex reticulatus,
Limnerium longiventre, Limnerium annulipes (nee Cress.), Limnerium collinum,
Limnerium clypealis, and Limnerium atratum.

B2

4 INTRODUCTION.

system ; they are to be regretted, since so many are " uoins de
fantaisie, sans etymologie," censured by the British Association
so long ago as 1842.

Probably the present family, in common with all parasitic
Hymenoptera, has been collected less than any other group of
insects, on account of the difficulty of the identification of its
members. Professor Westwood's collection at Oxford contains
many ancient specimens from Col. Sykes, Templeton, and Boys ;
hut the majority are from the veteran Dr. G. H. K. Thwaites,
F.R.S., F.L.S., Director of the Botanic Gardens at Peradeniya in
Ceylon from 1849 to about 1880, who died at Kandy on llth
September, 1882. He also presented some two thousand insects
to the British Museum, which has constantly received small parcels
from India : thus, in 1843 a collection was received from Arch-
deacon Clerk, who took them about Moulmein ; in 1845, from
Ceylon (Rev. T. Wenham) ; in 1851, from Mr. Baly ; in 1855,
from North India (Capt. Reid) ; in 1869, from Bombay (R. R.
Holmes) ; in 1879, from the East India Museum ; in 1883, from
Ceylon (P. X. Braine); in 1884, from the United Provinces
(Mrs. Home) ; in 1885, from Assam (Mrs. Evans); in 1887, from
the Bombay Natural History Society (all captured about Pooua
by my friend Mr. R. C. Wroughton) ; in 1889, from Ceylon and
from Quetta, through the Karachi Museum ; in 1892, from
Ceylon (Col. Terbury) ; and many others. The Museum also
possesses part of the specimens taken by the second Tarkand
Mission and captured by Dr. Stoliczka, the majority being truly
Indian ; the remainder, which I have not seen, are in the Indian
Museum.

Mr. Gardiner has published the results of his collecting in the
Laccadive and Maldive Islands ; and Col. Bingham, who died on
18th October, 1908, visited various remote and interesting col-
lecting grounds, such as the Nicobar and Andaman Islands ; he
also collected in Burma in 1877, but most of his specimens are
from the peculiar Sikkim district (c/. E. M. M. 1909, pp. 18 & 36).
Leonardo Fea also collected largely in Burma some years ago,
but the Parasitica amounted to little more than a hundred speci-
mens, which are in the Genoa Civic Museum. Mr. George Lewis
has collected Hymenoptera in Ceylon, whence Mr. E. E. Green,
Mr. O. S. Wickwar, and Mr. T. B. Fletcher have recently sent
me many specimens. Mr. G. C. Dudgeon found some interesting
species in the Kangra Valley in the Punjab, as well as in Bhutan ;
and extensive collections from various districts are in the Pusa
Collection and the Indian Museum. Col. Nurse's collection is
mainly from Kashmir, Baluchistan, and the north-west. Palae-
arctic districts, and is consequently of considerable interest as
connecting the faunas of East and "West; insects taken by
Mr. Brunetti and others at Darjiling and Mussoori are very
similar in their western affinities. All Mr. Rowland Turner's
Assam ICHXEUMOXIDJE were taken in 1903-4 at an altitude of GOOO
feet in the Khasi Hills, about Shillong. for the most part on the

HETAMOBPHOSES. 5

blossoms of a meadow-sweet, allied to Spircea ulmaria, but of a
greener colour, and the smaller specimens were obtained by
sweeping.

METAMOEPHOSES.

The manner in which the eggs of ICHNETTHOXID^E are laid has
been known for considerably more than a century in a general way,
but reliable accounts of individual oviposition are very rare ; nor
is it an easy matter to follow the development of these insects
through all its stages. It may, however, be said that the eggs
are deposited either upon or within the skin of Lepidopterous
and other insects, as well as on spiders, false-scorpions, and
centipedes, and that, if simply placed on the surface, they
adhere by means of the viscous matter with which they are
coated when first extruded from the spicula of the parent.
They are elliptic or pyriform in shape, and usually ashy grey
in colour, gradually assuming a darker tint on contact with the
air. Those of certain genera of the OPHIONIN^:, such as Ophion
and its immediate allies, are somewhat bean-shaped and are
attached near one end by a long slender peduncle to the skin of
the victim. The duration of this state has not been observed,
but doubtless varies greatly under diverse atmospheric and other
conditions. When the egg-shell splits, the enclosed larva does
not at once emerge, but begins to imbibe the juices of its host
through the fissure. The larva does not vacate its shell till after
the first moult, its cast skin having been found by Brischke and
some of the older authors attached to the egg. The internal
feeder now penetrates the caterpillar's skin and takes up a position
between the muscles contained in the splanchnic tissues and the
alimentary canal, on the dorsal surface above the stomach, upon
which it often rests, near the centre of the body, and nearly
always with its head in the same direction as that of its host.
Certain species of 17BYPHO9nr.fi, including our Monoblastus, how-
ever, are larviparous, since they may often be seen carrying
masses of what Gravenhorst thought were eggs, but which were
proved by Haliday to be living and often cannibalistic larvae, at
their anal extremity. In the PIMPLINJE and in Paniscus the
larvae are often external parasites, lying like a muffler round the
prothorax of their hosts ; while those of certain CBYPTIX^E feed
exposed upon the eggs of spiders, etc., protected by nothing but
the thread-sacs which enclose the latter.

As a rule, entomophagous larvae are apodous, soft, whitish or
yellowish, nearly cylindrical or ovate, somewhat pointed at each
end, and always with a peculiarly broad lateral border of fleshy
tubercles, bearing dark spiracles. In the earlier stages of growth,
and in some cases throughout their larval state, they are curved.
They consist of fourteen segments, of which the first or cephalic
segment bears traces of antennae on the frons. below which is a
sometimes discrete clypeal area, anteriorly bordered and occa-
sionally reflexed. On either side, below this border, are attached

6 INTRODUCTION.

the very short slender deflexed and corneous mandibles, of variable
shape. Beneath these are concealed the labium and maxillae,
with the minute palpi of the latter. These organs are usually of
dark coloration, but the whole of the body is pale, exhibiting but
few distinctive features, excepting the dilated lateral border,
which is discrete throughout its entire length from the main body.

Within the egg the larva is gradually developed from the ventral
surface upwards. Dorsally, the cephalic segments first coalesce,
then the anal and, lastly, the intervening space gradually becomes
entire from behind forwards, the prothorax being finally completed.
The alimentary canal is also formed from behind forwards. The
digestive apparatus is a hollow cavity, or pear-shaped and elongated
sac, with a very short intestine connecting anteriorly with the
short and narrow oesophagus and with the oral organs, though
at first closed behind. It is very similar in all Hymenopterous
parasites, whether internal or external. Its endoderrn becomes
transformed into a glandular structure of two kinds, of which
one elaborates the digestive juices, while the other diffuses the
results in the form of nutriment throughout the body. In every
case the intestinal portions continue small and rudimentary, passing
no faeces, till the larva has attained maturity and ceased to feed.
The colon and ileum are gradually evolved from without inwards
from a column of cells, surrounded by muscular tissue, connecting
the digestive cavity with the anus; their function being to
transmit the faeces, they are not perfected till a late period of the
larval existence.

The head and mandibles of the larva, as stated by George
Newport in the case of Troyus, are corneous and yellow, with the
margins and apices of the latter black. The mandibles are curved
and apically acute, fitted for penetration and suction, but not for
manducation. The maxillae are three-jointed, with the apical
joint broad, triangular, soft, and membranous, the second very
short, and the basal joint, both strong and elongate. The labium
is triangular, with a slight central ridge. The antennae are
entirely rudimentary, but they are represented by small corneous
callosities on the frons. The segments are all laterally explanate
and project in the form of tubercles, which are especially promi-
nent on the three thoracic segments and the basal ones of the
abdomen. Their tubercular form is, however, most marked on
the fifth and eleventh segments, which also bear distinct mammi-
form tubercles laterally upon the venter, acting as locomotive
organs. In the later stages of growth these organs approximate
more closely, and well illustrate the greater development of the
dorsal than of the ventral surface. True legs are indicated only by
six points upon the lower surface of the thoracic segments, in the
same position relatively as the abdominal tubercles. The propedal
process of the apical segment is acuminate and projecting, and is
said by Berthoumieu to be reduced to normal form after the
second or third moult. It is opposable to another beneath the
thirteenth segment, and, with it, forms a prehensile organ, by

METAMORPHOSES. 7

means of which the larva is enabled to affix itself and alter its
position. The spiracles are oval and corneous, and situated on
either side of the anterior part of each segment. The whole
of the tracheal vessels are distinct and distended with air; and
this fact abundantly disproves BoisduvaPs theory that internal
larvae do not directly breathe, but obtain sufficient oxygen from
their food, which, he thought, was not taken through the mouth
but assimilated by a kind of general absorption, in which case a
sucking-mouth and respiratory organs would be superfluous.
Professor Owen was of opinion that internal parasites undoubtedly
destroy many of the minute tracheae which ramify in the adipose
tissue, and these would probably permit the escape of sufficient
air for the respiration of the parasitic larvae.

"When full-fed, the larva emits rejectamenta to the extent of
half its former size, and the abdominal segments become much
shrivelled, though the thoracic are inflated and distended. About
a month after evacuation the larva begins to assume the pupal
state. The head is then swollen and retracted into the thoracic
segments, and the rudiments of the eyes become darkened and
convex ; the larval skin first splits along the back of the head,
and in half an hour the pupa has totally thrown it off. Many
Ichneumonidous larvae when full-fed leave their host's body and
construct for themselves silken cocoons, numbers of which, and
especially in the OPHIONIN.;E, are very beautiful, being composed
of iridescent stands or threads of mingled black and white, grey,
and sometimes red or coppery hue. Others, like the ICHNEU-
MOXINJE, remain in the chrysalis of the demolished host, generally
spinning for themselves, like Pimpla instigator, an internal silken
lining upon it.

The pupae of ICHNEUMONID.E exhibit, like those of beetles, all
the members of the perfect insect inclosed in individual sheaths :
the head is deflexed upon the prosternum, the antennae lie along
the outer edge of the sternum and extend to the centre of the
abdomen or further, according to their length ; the mandibles are
closed and the palpi extended straight downwards until their
apices nearly touch. The abdomen is fully developed, though the
lateral tubercles are still very conspicuous, and the conformation
of the basal segment, which is now pressed closely upon the meta-
notum, undergoes considerable modification during the pupal
state. The genital organs are strongly protruded, at first rudi-
mentary and surrounded by a dense liquid, but gradually becoming
perfect as emergence approaches. The legs are pressed closely
to the sides of the body ; the femora drawn forward and the
tibiae folded back upon them ; the tarsi lie along the outer side
of the antennae in a continuous line, the hind ones extending to
near the abdominal apex.

As is the case with Hymenoptera in general, the length of the
final quiescent condition of the larva is inversely proportionate to
the brevity of its pupal existence, which often is no longer than
of ten days' duration ; but after the imago has thrown off the

8 INTRODUCTION.

pupal skin it remains, unlike the Lepidoptera, in the cocoon for
a considerable period, during which it attains such perfection
both in development and activity that, having gnawed its way to
freedom by means of its mandibles, it is capable of flying away
quite strongly from the mouth of the orifice, as I have myself
observed.

INTERNAL STRUCTURE.

The alimentary canal of the imago, as in the larva, is formed,
says Newport in describing Trogus, of distinct layers or tissues : a
muscular, a glandular, and a mucous ; and is invested externally
by a distinct transparent peritoneal membrane, processes or
reflexions of which clothe every internal organ, the salivary and
hepatic glands, the organs of circulation and reproduction, the
adipose tissue and tracheae. The short and narrow oesophagus
becomes considerably elongated, and, instead of terminating as in
the larva in the mesothoracic segment, is extended in the imago
through the metathoracic into the abdominal segments. It is
there dilated into a conical crop, which is separated from the true
digestive cavity or stomach by a constriction at its apex and a
reflexion inwards of its tissues to form the cardiac valve. This
portion of the canal, the chylific ventricle, which occupies nearly
the whole interior of the larva, is now restricted to the fifth,
sixth, and seventh abdominal segments. It is a powerful muscular
structure, somewhat elongate-oval in shape and is followed by the
excretory or Malpighian organs, from twenty to thirty in number,
where, by the internal reflexion of the tissues, is formed a second
valve, the pylorus. The canal then becomes narrowed into what
may be regarded as the duodenum and ileum, or small intestine.
Beyond this it is again dilated into a more muscular structure,
the colon or rectum, which terminates at the anal valve.

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE.

There are always present a distinctly separated head (bearing a
pair of elongate antennas), thorax and abdomen, three pairs of
legs, and usually two pairs of membranous wings.

The head, viewed from above, is transverse or quadrate ; from
in front, it becomes more or less strongly narrowed towards the
mouth and is always sculptured with punctures or reticulations.
The eyes are very large and occupy nearly the whole anterior side
of the head. The vertex bears three ocelli, situated triangularly,
and behind them is the occiput sloping to the collar. Between
the ocelli and the insertion of the antennae is the frons, usually
hearing glabrous scrobes upon its anterior portion ; below these is
the face, the central portion of which is known as the epistoma,
its apical margin being usually separated from the clypeus, which
extends across the whole front of the head, by a transverse iin-

EXTEENAL STRUCTITEE. 9

pression terminating on either side in a fovea. The apical margin
of the clypeus is usually truncate, or sub-bisinuate, though
occasionally dentately reflexed or simply rounded. The cheeks,
which lie between the apical extremity of the eyes and the base of
the mandibles, and the temples behind the eyes, are more or less
broadly buccate, and the former vary in their length according as
the eyes approach or recede from the mandibles, which are
broader basally than apically, and sometimes basally as broad as
the cheeks are long. The apex of the mandibles, which lie folded
upon each other across the apex of the clypeus, is usually biden-
tate, the upper being in most cases much longer than the lower
tooth, but in some instances the teeth are of equal length or the
lower is wanting. Between the apex of the clypeus and the
mandibles the labrum is more or less visible, being round and
ciliated. The two pairs of palpi, the maxillary and the labial, are
elongate ; the former consists of five usually cylindrical, the latter
of two triangular and two cylindrical, joints. The mentum,
ligula, hypo-pharynx, etc., are not alluded to in descriptions.

Fig. 1. — Head of an Ichneumon.

1, vertex; 2, ocelli; 3, frons ; 4, antennal scrobes; 5, point of insertion of
antennae ; 6, face ; 7, clypeus ; 8, cheeks ; 9, labrum ; 10, mandibles ;
11, ligula ; 12, maxillary palpus ; 13, labial palpus ; 14, eyes ; 15, orbits.

The antennce are inserted between the eyes in the front of the
head. They are multi-articulate, as many as seventy joints being
found in such genera as Opliion. while in others the number
diminishes to fourteen, as in Stilpnus. The scape consists of the
t\vo basal joints (the radicula or minute basal not being
counted). The first of these is oval or shortly cylindrical,
with an incision on its outer side, in which is inserted the second
joint or pedicellus, having its apex always free, but shorter than
the basal joint. !Next follows a minute joint, termed the annellus,
which with the remainder of the antenna constitutes the
flagelluin. During life the antennae are porrect and held while in
repose straight forward, not recurved beside the body as in most
orders of insects. After death they very often become convoluted
and spirally coiled, as described by the older authors.

to

INTRODUCTION .

The thorax consists of three distinct sections :— That nearest
the head is the prothorax, bearing the front pair of legs ; the middle
section is the mesothorax, bearing the intermediate pair of legs
and the anterior pair of wings ; the last section is the metathorax,
bearing the hind pair of legs and the posterior pair of wings. Ihe
disc of these sections is known as the notum, their sides as the
pleura, and the lower surface as the sternum. The prothorax is
very short, usually transverse, extending laterally to the radices
of the wings ; its pleurae bear grooves, in which the upper side
of the front femora rests, and their margins are known as the
epomise. The mesothorax is usually as broad as or a little broader
than the head, and is divided into" two distinct sections, termed
the scutum or mesonotum, which is produced into the prominent
and often convex scutellum ; two impressed lines are frequently
found converging from the apex of the mesonotum to its disc,

Fig. 2. — Metathorax of an Ichneumon.

1, basal area; 2, areola ; 3, posterior or petiolar area; 3a, postero-inter-
medial arese ; 3 k, postern-external areae ; 4, external areae ; 5, dentiparal
arete; 6, spiracular areae; 7, lateral or pleural areae ; 8, juxta-coxal area; ;
9, spiracles.

near the scutellum, and are collectively known as the notauli. In
contradistinction to these, the mesosternum is often similarly
impressed on either side at its junction with the mesopleurae, and
these impressions are termed the sternauli. The scutellum is
much smaller than the disc of the mesonotum and is situated at
the base of the mesothorax, between the hind pair of wings. It
is more or less convex, nearly always triangular, with erect
pilosity ; and at its apex is a small prominence, designated the
postscutellum. It will be noticed that the postscutellum forms
the centre of a transverse, almost linear band, which laterally
bears the hind wings. This is said to be the true metanotum,
which is not referred to in descriptions. The convex area between
it and the abdominal petiole is considered to be the true first
abdominal segment, and is superincumbent upon the true metano-
tuiii, which is divided from it obliquely along the sides by a carina
and extends back to and bears the hind coxae. This portion is
termed the propodeum or median segment by Bingham, Saunders,

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE. 11

and Cameron ; but its old collective name of metathorax,
embracing both the true metathoi'ax and the superincumbent
abdominal segment, is here retained, for the sake of convenience
and in accordance with the usage of most authorities upon
ICHNEUMONID^E. The scutellum is the centre of the insect, and
consequently the prothorax is at the apex of the raesothorax and
the abdomen at the apex of the metathorax. The metathorax is
divided up in most instances by a number of costae or carinae,
which are nearly always constant in the same species and form
valuable characters for specific distinctions. The basal area
occupies the extreme base of the metathorax, immediately beyond
the postscutellum, and is often divided into three parts by longi-
tudinal costae, in which case the two lateral are termed the
external areae ; beyond this may usually be seen a strong trans-
verse basal carina and across the metathorax a little beyond its
centre is more often a second apical transverse carina ; between
these two carinae in the centre of the disc is a usually well-defined
central area, known as the areola, divided from the area3 on either
side by an often weaker longitudinal costa. The arese on either
side of the areola are known as the dentiparal, since their apices
are not infrequently produced into stout and elongate apophyses or
teeth ; these area? are sometimes centrally bisected by weak trans-
verse costa?, known as the costulae and usually situated in a line
with the centre of the areola. Laterally, beyond the dentiparal,
are the longitudinal spiracular areas, bearing towards their base
the metathoracic spiracles, which afford useful characters for
main divisions on account of their constancy of shape. Laterally,
beyond these again, are the lateral and finally the juxta-coxal
areae. Apically, beyond the apical transverse carina, the declivous
part of the metathorax is termed as a whole the petiolar area,
because from its apex is emitted the abdominal petiole ; this apical
region is sometimes longitudinally divided into five or three arese
by longitudinal cost*, in which case the petiolar area is said to be
discrete. Of the above areae, the areola is the most important
and constant, at least some part of it being present when all
other areae have become obsolete or entirely wanting, through the
razing of the costse and carinae. Its apical carina has been
especially employed by Forster in grouping the PezomacJ/i ;
Thomson has used the basal and apical carinae in his main divisions
of the CRYPTIX^B, resulting in a beautifully natural classification,
and the former carina is also a conspicuous feature of the
PIMPLIN^;. Ashmead has founded genera upon the confluence
of the juxta-coxal with the pleural areas, and in most cases the
apical central costae are wanting, though these exhibit good
specific features in the difficult groups of smaller Campoplegids.

The abdomen is connected with the thorax bv a more or less
distinctly constricted stem, called the petiole. This is the base of
the first abdominal segment, which towards its apex becomes more
or less explauate and is thence known as the postpetiole, usually

12 INTKODTJCT10N.

bearing distinctive sculpture. The second segment, near its base,
often bears deep sulciforni impressions at the sides, which are
known as the gastrocoeli, their apical margins being called the
thyridii. There are eight dorsal segments of which the pygidium
is "rarely visible, being retracted beneath the seventh segment.
There are also eight ventral segments in the male, but only six in
the female ; these are often longitudinally plicate, in the centre,
after death and this is owing to the contraction of the supple
tissues upon desiccation. The apical ventral segment is the
hypopygium and is of variable form and extent, often covering
the ba'se of the terebra, which is composed of the central true
ovipositor or spicula and its two lateral protecting valvulae or
sheaths. The length of the terebra varies in relation to the
concealed or exposed mode of life of the host-larva, being in some
cases twice as long as the insect itself, while in others it is barely
visible beyond the apex of the hypopygium. In the genus Khyssa,
which oviposits in sawfly grubs deeply buried in the solid wood of
trees, the terebra is strongly exserted, while in Ichneumon, which
lays its eggs upon the skin of exposed caterpillars, it is very
short.

The legs, so distinctive in many groups of insects, are here
disappointingly uniform in structure, being nearly invariably long
and slender, with few modifications, though in the EXOCHIDES
they are short with the femora nearly globose. The basal joint
or coxa, however, often bears a little tuft of dense pilosity in the
ICIIXECMONIN^ known as the scopula ; it is sometimes dentate or
cristulate beneath, as in Phceogenes, and is always more or less
distinctly punctate. The next two joints compose the trochanter,
the apical joint of which is designated, when necessary, the
trochanterellus ; and this is closely followed by the elongate and
rarely dentate femur. The sometimes externally spinulose and
centrally intumesceut tibia is articulated to the end of the femur
and at its apex gives rise to spines or calcaria, which are usually
two in number, though sometimes there is only a single spine or
even none. The tarsus is always five- jointed, its apical claws or
onyches are sometimes internally pectinate or furnished with
comb-like bristles ; between the claws is the pad-like pulvilltis ;
and the basal joint of the front tarsi is excised beneath, forming
with the calcaria a beautiful apparatus for the cleansing of the
mouth and antennae. It should be borne in mind that the anterior
legs are the two front pairs collectively ; the posterior, the two
hind pairs collectively; and that the front and hind legs each
comprise but a single pair.

The wings vary greatly in extent, though little in outline or in
the number of their nervures, and they do not extend beyond the
anus ; sometimes normally winged species are found with the wings
rudimentary, and in the females of Pezomachus these organs are
entirely wanting. The nervures, which are true veins in the
wings of ICHWEUMONID.E, at first sight appear so uniform through-
out the whole family that the older authors, with the exception of
\\ esmael, gained but few distinctive characters therefrom ; and

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE. lO

when these were indicated original names were nearly always
applied to them with the result that no fixed system came into
vogue until Professor Thomson revised the whole subject and
founded the first satisfactory nomenclature of nervures (cf.
Morley, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1909, p. 439). I have described these
nervures as follows : — The front margin of the wing is always
bounded by a strong sustaining costa, which may or may not be
united with the parallel and adjacent post-costa. The corneous
stigma is a strong muscle to sustain the more slender veins and
assist in folding the wing. From some part of it the radius or
radial nervure runs in a curve to or near the apex of the wing.
From the base of the wing, two other elongate nervures extend

Fig. 3. — Wings of an Ichneumon.

A. Fore wing; a, apex; cells: — 1, 2, 3, basal; 4, 5, 6, cubital'; 7, 8. 9,

discoiclal ; 10, anal ; 11, apical or radial.

B. Hind wing; h, humeral nervure ; cells: — 1, costal ; 2, 3, basal ; 4, aual ;

5, radial ; 6, cubital ; 7, 8, first and second discoiclal.

to beyond its centre ; of these the posticus or posterior nervure
simply sustains the whole lower margin to the sinus at the anal
angle, while the medius or median nervure is that in the centre
and runs straight to the first recurrent vein ; the portion of the
nervure beyond this has usually been regarded as distinct, under
the name of the discoidal vein, etc., but I find that in the very great
majority of cases it is undoubtedly a continuation of the medius.
Through the centre of the medius runs a transverse nervure,
termed the basalis or basal nervure, which is not always con-
tinuous but sometimes coa,lescent for a greater or less distance
with the medius. From the junction of the medius with the first
recurrent vein a nervure runs (in ICHNEUMONIDJE) upwards to the

14 INTRODUCTION.

apex of the wing below the radius, which is termed for brevity
the cubitus or cubital uervure, though it is found by analogy with
other Hymenopterous families that the cubitus does not extend
beyond its incomplete apex in the centre of the first discoidal cell,
known as the nervelet or ramellus. Two short nervures, the
intercubiti or submarginal veins, connect the cubitus with the
radius and these are always present in the ICHNEUMONES PENTA-
OONI, though the external is frequently wanting in the DELTOIDEI ;
these two nervures constitute the sides of the areolet, the apex of
which is that part of the radial nervure between them, its base
being formed by the two portions of the cubital nervure from
between which is emitted the second recurrent nervure running
straight down from the areolet to the anal nervure or nervus
parallelus.

These nervures divide the wing into very distinct cells : — the
three nearest the radix are the basal ; the radial is above the
radial nervure ; below it are two or three cubital cells, of which
the areolet is the central ; below the cubital are the two discoidal
cells, of which the inner only is referred to in descriptions ; and
below these again are the brachial cell on the inner side and the
anal cell at the lower extremity of the wing.

The ueuration of the lower wing is now much utilised for the
grouping of both genera and species, and I have raised the whole
disposition of our PIMPLIDES upon this foundation, with, I trust,
remarkably natural results. Here we find a median nervure and
a posterior nervure, connected by a first recurrent or nervellus,
which emits from its outer side a distinct nervure to the margin
of the wing. Further from its base the median is connected with
the radius by a second recurrent nervure, the length of which
compared with that of the radial (from their junction to the base
of the radius) is employed for specific grouping. The nervellus or
first recurrent nervure is said to be antefurcal if its upper
extremity be nearer the radix than its lower, to be continuous or
opposite if both extremities be equidistant therefrom, and to be
postfurcal if the lower extremity be the nearer thereto ; in the
first of these cases the external nervure (when present) is emitted
from below the centre of the nervellus, in the second from its
centre, and in the last from above its centre, always at the point
of angulation or geniculation. The cells of the hind wings furnish
no features.

CLASSLFICATION.

In the first volume upon Hymenoptera of the present series,
Col. Bingham divided them into two main divisions, those with
the abdomen sessile, the Sessiliventres, and those with a more or
less distinct petiole, the Petiolata ; and the latter he subdivided
into Parasitica and Aculeata. Prof. Forster in 1862 and 1868

CLASSIFICATION. 15

proposed to divide the Hymenoptera into Ditrocha and Mono-
trocha, in accordance with the number of joints in their trochanter ;
but here difficulties arose, since no hard and fast line could be
drawn, instances occurring in which a second joint was distinctly
present though connate with, and apparently forming part of,
the femur ; and the ensuing divisions separated forms having
obviously natural affinities and gave rise to the most incongruous
grouping of species. Ashmead primarily divides the Hymenoptera
into Phytophaga, in which the abdomen is sessile, with the
trochanters two-jointed, and the larvae possess legs ; and Hetero-
phaga, in which the abdomen is more or less petiolate, with the
trochanters either one- or two-jointed, and the larvae are apodous.
The latter is further split up into the Aculeata, with the Oxyura
or Proctotrypidae, emitting the terebra from the apex of the
abdomen ; and the Ichneumonoidea, with the Cynipoidea and
Chalcidoidea, emitting the terebra from the ventral surface of the
abdomen. But further evidence is, I think, still needed before
mingling the heterogeneous Proctotrypidae with the Aculeata,
though Konow has fully demonstrated the affinity of the Chrysi-
didae with the latter.

The above in reality differs but little from "Westwood's classi-
fication, though it raises the Phytophaga to equality with the
Entomophaga and Aculeata, which latter Biugham regarded as
collectively constituting the Petiolata. But modern authors are
becoming unanimous that there should be not a dichotomous but
a three-fold classification, in which each section possesses some
feature common to the remaining two ; and the ancestral type of
venation is somewhat hypothetical. The first of these sections is
the Vespoidea, bearing one-jointed trochanters, petiolated abdomen,
and in the ancestral type four cubital cells. The second is the
Ichneumouoidea, bearing two- jointed trochanters, petiolated abdo-
men and but three (often supposititious) cubital cells. The third
is the Tenthredinoidea, bearing two-jointed trochanters, sessile
abdomen and four cubital cells. Thus we have the first and
second sections constituting the Clistogaster ; the third the
Chalastogaster ; the second and third the Ditrocha ; the first the
Monotrocha; the first and third the Tetrastega ; and the second
the Tristega. I am certainly of the opinion that the distinctions
between the Phytophaga or sawflies, the Entomophaga or Ichneu-
mons in general, and the Aculeata are too natural and nowadays
well-known to need further elucidation. It is with the second
division alone that we are concerned.

INTRODUCTION.

Sub-Order ENTOMOPHAGA or ICHNEUMONOIDEA.

The whole of this very extensive group is believed to be

parasitic upon other insects, spiders, centipedes, etc., excepting

only a part of the CTNIPID.I;. It consists of six sufficiently
distinct families, which are thus recognised :—

(1) EVANIIDJE alone have the abdomen rising from the dorsuin of the

metathorax.

(2) CYNIPIDJJ alone have the terebra partly coiled and emitted from

near the base of the abdomen.

(3) PROCTOTUYPIDJE alone have the terehra tubular and emitted from the

apex of the abdomen.

(4) CHALCIDID^ alone are strongly punctate and brilliantly metallic in

coloration.

) ( lack the second recurrent

(5) BRACONIDJE / aione have complete J nervure.

T neuration 1 have the second recurrent

(6) ICHNKUMOXIDJB] ( nervure.

These last two families are undoubtedly the most highly
specialised in the sub-order, both as regards their structure and
probably also their instincts, though but little is known of the
habits of the smaller of even the Palsearctic ICHNEUMONID.E. To
the first four families the last bears no very close resemblance,
and from them it will at once be distinguished with a little
experience. But many genera of Ichneumons exhibit so close a
resemblance to the BEACONIDJI that the division in general use,
though very convenient, hardly appears natural ; they are easily
confused and the only sure method of discrimination is to bear in
mind that the ICHXEUMOXIDJE have a transverse uervure across
the front wing running down from the areolet to the anal nervure,
all trace of which is lacking in the BRACONIDJE. In a few genera
of the former, however, e. g., Ifemiteles, Orthocentrus, and Homo-
cidus, this second recurrent nervure, though always traceable, is
often pellucid, though usually stronger at the anal extremity ; and
in those genera whose wings are rudimentary no reliance can be
placed upon such nervures as may exist. In such cases as the
latter, and also in the wingless forms, it is necessary to fall back
upon the tegument of the abdomen, which is flexible beneath in
Ichneumonids, e. g., Pezomachus and its brachypterous allies, but
hard and chitinous, with the central segments connate and in-
flexible, in Braconids, e. g., Chasmodon, Pambolus, etc.

Hence we find that an Ichneumonid always has the abdomen
rising from the apex of the metathorax ; the terebra straight, not
tubular, exserted from the ventral surface near the apex of the
abdomen ; the antenna} not geniculate ; the colour not or but
very rarely metallic, though often strongly shining; and the
second recurrent nervure always present, or, in apterous and
micropterous forms, the ventral segments not connate.

ICHXEUMONOIDEA. 17

Table of Families of ICHNEUMONOIDEA.

1 (2) Abdomen emitted from dorsum of metathorax. Evaniidae.

2 (1) Abdomen emitted from apex of metathorax.

3 (8) Front wings with discoidal nervures ; scape

always short.

4 (7) Terebra emitted from near apex of the usually

depressed abdomen.

5 (6) Second recurrent nervure present Ichneumonidae.

6 (5) Second recurrent nervure entirely wanting . . Braconidae.

7 (4) Terebra emitted from near base of the usually

compressed abdomen Cynipidse.

8 (3) Front wings with no discoidal nervures ; scape

often elongate.

9 (10) Prothorax not reaching base of wings ; venter

emitting terebra Chalcididae.

10 (9) Prothorax reaching base of wings ; anus

emitting terebra Proctotrypidae.

18

OBDEB HYMENOPTERA.
Family ICHNEUMONID^E.

About half the known Indiau forms of this important family
are dealt with in the following pages. These insects were well
known superficially long before the time of Linnaeus, on account
•of their wonderful habits and instincts ; still even yet the family
has received but little attention, because the extreme specific
similarity, in conjunction with much individual variation, often
Tenders the discrimination of the species a matter of considerable
•difficulty. Typical examples of the various subfamilies are most dis-
tinct and unmistakable, but the outlying genera such as Meyastylug,
Atractodes, and Exetastes are difficult to place correctly in natural
sequence ; and however distinct they may appear superficially, the
most widely separated and incongruous of ICHXEUMONID^E will be
found to differ comparatively little one from another in their
structure.

De Geer was the first author to propose dividing the Terebrantia
or Entomophaga into sections depending on the sessility or other-
wise of the basal abdominal segment upon the raetathorax, which
method was elaborated by Schrank in 1802, and further supple-
mented with characters drawn from the neuration by Jurine in
his ' Nouvelle Methode de classer les Hyineuopteres ' of 1807.
In 1818, Gravenhorst and Nees von Esenbeck drew up the first
satisfactory system of natural sequence, which was followed by
the former's ' Ichneumonologia Europaea.' This work deals
•exhaustively with the ICHNEUMOXID.S as understood to-day, to
the exclusion of all other Terebrant Hymenoptera, the characters
utilised for their subdivision being : a compressed or depressed
abdomen ; a petiolate or subsessile abdomen ; the shape of the
head ; presence or absence of the areolet ; extent of exsertion of
the terebra ; shape and convexity of thescutellum ; and many other
pertinent points ; upon these twelve genera and sixty subgenera
are based. The principal of the former were Ophion and Banchus,
which alone have the abdomen compressed ; Pimpla and Xorides,
with the abdomen subsessile and the terebra exserted ; Tryphon
and Bassiis, with the abdomen sessile, but the terebra concealed ;
Cryptus, with petiolated abdomen and the terebra exserted ; and
lastly, Ichneumon, with petiolated abdomen and concealed terebra.
These genera constitute the basis of modern classification ; and
although the sexes were at that time to a large extent considered
distinct species — a common error, first indicated by Schrank, in
1781— it would be quite impossible to refer here to the subtle and
gradual modifications which have since been found from time to
time to be needful, or to mention the many hundreds of genera

ICHNEUMONID^E. 19

into which the above sixty have more recently been subdivided
upon the discovery of new forms, or points of divergence in the
old ones which had been overlooked or considered insufficient for
generic rank. The mere names of the known genera and species
of ICHNEUMOXID.E occupy over a thousand closely printed pages
of Dalla Torre's Catalogue, and many have been added since the
publication of that work in 1901.

It will be seen that the following subfamilies, into which the
ICHOTKIMOHIDJ! are now primarily divided, differ only in elabora-
tion and detail from the genera above quoted.

Table of Subfamilies of ICHNEUMON ID.E.

1 (6) Areolet not pentagonal, often

wanting ; abdomen sometimes

compressed [!CHNEUMONES DEI/TOIDEI,

2 (5) Abdomen dorsally depressed, basally Thorns.]

sessile or rarely subpetiolate.

3 (4) Metariotum rarely longitudinally

costate ; terebra far exserted .... PIMPLIN^E, p. 22.

4 (-3) Metanotum usually longitudinally

costate ; terebra concealed TRYPHONIKJE, p. 261.

5 (2) Abdomen laterally compressed,

basally petiolate OPHIONIN^, p. 343.

6 (1) Areolet pentagonal, never wanting;

abdomen always depressed [!CHNEUMONES PENTAGON!,

7 (8) Mesopleurse sulcate below; terebra Thorns.]

exserted CRYPTIN^:.

8 (7) Mesopleurse not sulcate; terebra

concealed ICHNEUMONIN^;.

It is probable that nowhere throughout the whole of the
Animal Kingdom is generic and specific instability more strik-
ingly illustrated than in the ICHNEUMONID^, which have been so
aptly termed the teeth and claws of Nature on account of their
devastating properties ; nor is this surprising. How marvellous
a thing indeed is it that there should exist constancy of any kind
in a group of insects whose Iarva3 are almost shapeless maggots,
feeding wholly immersed within the bodies of other insects, one
kind of parasite very often attacking several different species,
which in certain cases belong to even distinct orders of insects.
As though this were not sufficient cause for instability, we are
told by Kriechbaumer (Ent. Nachr. 1889, p. 290) that even when
surprised in coitu no criterion is thereby furnished that the
sexes are those of the same species, since he maintains that
cross-breeding is not uncommon in this family. To take a
pair in copula is, however, an extremely rare occurrence, and I
have succeeded in doing so only twice in the course of twelve
years' experience, though in both cases the sexes were certainly
conspecific. Consequently at the very outset caution is necessary,
in that each of the subfamilies enumerated above contains so
great a variety of forms as to render concise tabulation very

c2

20 ICHNEUMOICIDJG.

difficult. Thus in the ICHNEUMONI>M: instances occur in which the
outer nerrure of the areolet is at least pellucid; or again, the
wings may be so abbreviated as to possess no trace of an areolet ;
the abdomen is occasionally compressed, and its basal segment
may be as little sculptured as in the CEYPTIN.E ; and lastly, the
terebra may be very distinctly exserted. In all these exceptions,
however, it will be found that the mesopleurse are not separated
from the mesoternum, as is invariably the case in all the CBYP-
TIN.«. In these the terebra is rarely not at all exserted, the
areolet is in some instances quite square or with its outer nervure
so completely wanting that only the petiolate abdomen prevents
such species from being included in the TBYPHONIN^:. No reli-
able character has yet been enunciated by which to discriminate
between the males of the PIMPLIX^: and TBYPHOXINJE, though the
exserted terebra will at once distinguish females of the former ;
in the tribes XOBLDLDES and PIMPLIDES the males are at once
known by the very distinctly tuberculate abdomen, but in the
LissoifOTiDEB, etc., the surface is smooth. The OPHIONINJE even,
which differ from all other subfamiles in their compressed abdo-
men, may become accidentally deplanate from artificial causes.
The following diagnoses may assist in the elaboration of the
above table.

Subfamily PIMPLPSJE.

Head transverse, more rarely tumidulous, buccate or sub-
globose; eyes often emarginate next the scrobes ; clypeus usually
convex and excavate before its apex ; mandibles a little narrowed
apically, teeth subequal. Antenna? filiform or setaceous, very
rarely centrally excised- .Thorax stout, often deplanate discally ;
pronotum sometimes elongate ; mesonotum rarely transversely
striate, notauli deep and. elongate ; metathorax rarely with dis-
tinct or entire are®, transverse cost» usually alone distinct ;
spiracles oblong or circular. Abdomen elongate, depressed or
slightly convex, often rugulose, tuberculate or with impressed
lines, sessile ; first segment either convex, short and tumidulous
or long and subpetiolate basally, its spiracles before the centre ;
terebra always exserted, sometimes more than twice the length of
the body. Legs normal or somewhat short ; claws frequently
pectinate and in the females not rarely basally lobate. Wings
with areolet wanting or broadly triangular, very rarely sub-
pentagonal.

Subfamily TBYPHOXINJE.

Head transverse, tumidulous or subglobose ; eyes entire, very
rarely emarginate next the scrobes ; face sometimes strongly pro-
tuberant ; clypeus generally discrete ; mandibles a little narrowed
apicnlly, the teeth not always of equal length. Antenna filiform

ICHNEUMONID^E. 21

or setaceous, very rarely incrassate in the centre or at the apices.
Thorax stout ; metathorax distinctly or obsoletely areated, longi-
tudinal costse usually present; spiracles circular, more rarely
ovate. Abdomen of various outline, depressed or in the females
apically subcompressed ; basal segment sessile or subsessile, nearly
straight and rarely subarcuate ; its spiracles before, more rarely
in or slightly behind, the centre ; terebra always very short, more
rarely concealed and at most but subexserted. Legs usually
somewhat elongate, but in one tribe strongly incrassate ; tibial
calcaria sometimes wanting ; claws not unusually strongly pec-
tinate. Wings normal or ample ; areolet wanting, triangular or
rhomboidal, never pentagonal.

Subfamily

Head transverse or buccate ; eyes oblong, often emarginate
next the scrobes ; face nearly always with sericeous pilosity and
often prominent ; clypeus usually indistinctly discrete ; man-
dibles narrowed apically, with the teeth subequal. Antennae
filiform or setaceous, usually strongly elongate. Thorax stout,
more rarely subcompressed, very finely punctate and occasionally
glabrous, rarely rugose ; metathorax often longitudinally impressed,
the area? wanting or inconspicuous, areola often semicircular ;
spiracles circular or oblong. Abdomen strongly compressed
throughout, or towards the anus only ; petiolate, elongate and
often linear ; terebra sometimes short, often half but not often
fully the length of the body ; basal segment narrow and sublinear,
rarely abruptly dilated at the apex, its spiracles in or beyond,
rarely before, the centre. Legs normal or elongate, hind femora
rarely incrassate and dentate, their tarsi sometimes spatuliform
and claws rarely pectinate. Wings normal, often narrow ; areolet
triangular, rhomboidal, often petiolate or wanting, never pent-
agonal ; stigma sometimes very large and semicircular ; radial cell
sometimes broadly trapeziform.

Subfamily

Head generally transverse or tumidulous, more rarely sub-
globose ; eyes oblong or round, entire or nearly so ; clypeus often
discrete ; mandibles more rarely narrowed apically, bidentate,
with the teeth usually of equal length. Antenn* setaceous, often
very slender or incrassate throughout, sometimes pauci-articulate.
Thorax stout, finely punctate ; inesonotal notauli distinct; meta-
thorax usually completely areated, though sometimes with trans-
verse carinse only ; apophyses often prominent ; spiracles sub-
circular, more rarely ovate ; mesosternum always with distinct
lateral sulci. Abdomen distinctly petiolate, very rarely subsessile
or subcompressed ; basal segment arcuate, longer than the width of

22 ICHNEUMONIJXE.

the usually smooth and glabrous postpetiole, its spiracles in or
beyond the centre and nearer to each other than to the apex
of the segment ; gastrocceli wanting or subobsolete ; terebra
nearly always elongately exserted. Legs slender, front tibiae
occasionally swollen. Wings rather ample, not rarely rudi-
mentary or wanting; areolet pentagonal, often large and rarely
with outer nervure wanting.

Subfamily ICHNEUMONIN^:.

Head generally transverse or tumidulous, more rarely sub-
globose ; eyes oblong and entire ; clypeus imperfectly discrete ;
mandibles apically narrowed, teeth usually very unequal in length.
Antennae filiform or setaceous, rarely subserrated, stouter in
female than in male. Thorax stout, longer than high, finely
punctate ; melathorax profusely areated, sometimes with stout
apophyses ; juxtacoxal areas usually entire ; spiracles linear, sub-
ovate or circular ; mesosternum not laterally sulcate. Abdomen
depressed, oblong-fusiform and petiolate ; basal segment obtusely
geniculate towards its apical third, its spiracles nearly always dis-
tinctly behind the centre and further from each other than from
the apex of the segment ; postpetiole often transverse, with very
distinct sculpture ; gastrocoeli nearly always very distinct : terebra
stout, concealed or but slightly exserted. Legs normal or sub-
incrassate ; front coxae transverse, hind ones not conical. Wings
normal with the areolet pentagonal, very rarely deltoid or
rhomboidal.

Subfamily PIMPLIN^E.

Unlike the Aculeata, the IciiEUMoyin^: have been so utterly
neglected that practically nothing was known of the Indian
PTMPLIN* until 1897, in spite of Smith's ' Catalogue of Indian
H,menoptera'of 1873. At the beginning of 1899 only eleven
species of PIMPLIXJE were definitely known to inhabit the Indian
Empire ; the only publications relative to these insects up to that
time being a single species each of Xylonomus and Coleocentrus de-
scribed by Bingham, a Poh/sphincta brought forward bv Ashuieid,
a Pimpla unrecognisably diagnosed by Walker in 1860,'four species
of the same genus enumerated by Cameron, some notes on Xan-
thopimpla by Van Vollenhoven in 1879, a couple of indistinguish-
able insects, probably referable to the OPHIONINJE, mentioned
from Ceylon by Motschulsky in 1863, and a few ancient species,
such as Sphex ntgogug, de G., Ichneumon punctator, L., and one or
two species described by Brulle in his general account of Hymeno-
ptera, all of which latter were vaguely said to have come from
" India " or " the Indies."

PIMPLINJE. 23

When Dalla Torre published the first part of his ' Catalogus
Hymenopterorum — Ichnemnonidae,' however, in 1901, a great
stride had already been taken, and we there find the Indian total
standing at 71 species, due to contributions by Dr. It. Krieger
and Peter Cameron, though this total must be reduced when it is
remembered that Pimpla curvimaculata = Xanthopimpla tiyris,
Pimpla punctator is unrecognisable, Theronia arcolata=T. cla-
thrata, and Ehyssa lnpartita=Hemipimpla ruyosa, etc. Cameron
has since that time described some fifty new species, and I have
been enabled, in the following pages, to bring forward over fifty
more ; with the result that even now no more than 183 different,
PIMPLI^E are known throughout India.

In his first paper dealing with Indian PIMPLIN^E (Manch. Mem.
1897), Cameron says but a very few words respecting the distri-
bution of Hymenoptera in general, to the effect that they are
" but feebly represented, in fact they are almost absent in the
southern parts of the Indian Peninsula." Up to the time of the
publication of his paper upon fifteen species taken there by
Col. Nurse in 1907, Cameron could compile a list of but four
different kinds of ICHNEUMONID.E known to inhabit the Presi-
dency of Bombay, and even these had been described during the
present century. But they appear to be more numerous in
Ceylon, as shown by his paper on the species collected there
by Mr. E. Ernest Green in 1905, and are probably not uncommon
in the Himalayas, whence the very great majority of the Pimplid
records have originated.

The PIMPLIN.E as a whole may be recognised by the tubei'culate
or obliquely incised abdomen, though these characters fail in
several groups to such an extent that even Gravenhorst described
several of the males under the subfamily TBYPHONIN^E, and no
good definition has yet been published by which to distinguish
the males of the TRYPHONINJE from those of the more smooth-
bodied tribes of the present subfamily. The females are readily
known by the sessile abdomen and exserted terebra; the sole
exception occurring in the genus Banchus, which cannot, how-
ever, be separated in general structure far from Exetastes, in
which the terebra is very distinctly exserted ; hence the BANCH-
IDES lead up naturally to the TEYPHONINJE and, indeed, were
placed therein by Thomson. That the LISSONOTIDES have any
close relationship with the typical PIMPLIBES I do not for a
moment believe ; the AC^NITIDES, as at present grouped
throughout the world, are very heterogeneous ; and the BANCH-
IDES are admittedly aberrant wherever plnced ; while the
XORIDIDES, though related to some extent in their thoracic
sculpture with Rhysm, appear worthy of ranking as a distinct
subfamily.

Of the following tribes, the PIMPLIDES may be known at once
from the LISSONOTIDES, with which alone they can be confused,
by their stouter and more robust conformation, with the abdomen
and thorax less cylindrical and the conspicuous rugosities or

24 ICHNEUMOXID.E.

tubercles of the former replaced by more or less even and distinct
punctation. The AOKNITIDES, though well distinguished by the
characters indicated, do not appear to be by any means a natural
group but to contain very incongruous species ; and, provided
that the HEMIGASTEIDES were correctly understood by Cameron
(of which neither he nor I am satisfied), these two tribes might
with advantage be united. The BANCHIDES have at different
periods been placed in the OPHIONIJLE, TKYPHONIN-*: and the
present subfamily, where they appear to me less out of place
than elsewhere, though at once known from the remainder of the
ICHXEUMOXID^E by the peculiarly arcuate, sessile body and the
large, rhomboidal alar areolet.

Table of Tribes of PiMl'LlN^.

1 (10) Areolet not large and rhomboidal; terebra

usually elongate.

2 (5) Hypopygium reaching the compressed anus

and covering base of terebra.

3 (4) Basal segment petiolate, with spiracles be-

yond its centre Hemigastrides,

4 (3) Basl segment subsessile with spiracles at or [p. 24.

before centre Acanitides,}*. 39.

5 (2) Hypopygium reaching neither the depressed

anus nor base of terebra.

6 (7) Head cubical and not constricted posteriorly ;

mandibles prominent Xoridides, p. 57.

7 (6) Head transverse : usually constricted pos-

teriorly ; mandibles normal.

8 (9) Abdomen distinctly impressed or tuberculate,

strongly punctate Pimplides, p. 83.

) (8) Abdomen not impressed nor tuberculate,

usually finely punctate Lissonotides,

10 (1) Areolet very large and rhomboidal; terebra [p. 215.

hardly exserted

Tribe HEMIGASTEIDES.

A small group composed of the two genera, Ifemiyaster and

Macrogaster, was erected by Ashmead in 1900 for species which he

considered most closely allied to the CRTPTIXI and the MESO-

MNI, among the CRTPTIN.E, from any of which it very materially

iiffers, however, in the entire absence of the alar areolet and in

shape of the stigma, which is narrow and lanceolate. In

8 two genera, he says, the marginal cell is subelongate and

itends nearly to the apex of the wing, and the single submarginal

lervure is short but distinct, and is emitted from the cubital

•e before the second recurrent nervure.

ibsequeutly Cameron published his genus Arthula, which he

nsidered most closely related to the TRTPHONIN*;, and at the

time gave the following table of genera, though in 1899

MACBOGASTER. 25

he had considered Macrogaster to belong to the PIMPLIN^E and
Hemigaster as intermediate between the CmpTlNJE and ICHNEU-
HoiUN,*;, in which latter he had then unhesitatingly placed
Clireusa, proposing for it and lioilmeyia a new group, termed by
him RoTKNEYiNjE. Subsequent svstematists have allowed Clireusa
to remain in the JOPPIDES and placed the remaining genera, as a
group apart, in the CKYPTINJE. Artliula, however, has the abdo-
men subimpressed, as in the PIMPLIN^E ; Macrogaster has the
petiolar spiracles before the centre of the segment and is com-
pared by Cameron throughout with Pimpla (cf., however, Ann.
Nat. Hist. xx. 1907, p. 17) ; and the neuration is identical in
Hemig aster, whose facies in other respects is certainly strongly
Cryptid. I consider them very naturally placed as a Cryptoid
group of the PIMPLIN^;, immediately preceding the equally
puzzling XOEIDIDES. JSTone of the Oriental species appears to
have been yet bred.

Table of Genera.

1 (4) Central mesonotal lobe triangular,

apicallv truncate ; front claws
bifid. "

2 (3) Metanotal arese not entirely want-

ing ; petiolar spiracles beyond

centre MACROGASTER, Brul., p. 25.

3 (2) Metanotal areee wanting; petiolar

spiracles central CHUEUSA, Cam., p. 31.

4 (1) Central inesonotal lobe not triangu-

lar, apicallv rounded ; front claws
simple.

6 (6) Metanotum with arose ; postpetiole
dilated ; metatarsi not longer than
the following joints HEMIGASTER, Brul., p. 34.

<3 (5) Metanotum with no areae ; post-
petiole not dilated ; metatarsi
longer than the following joints . ARTHULA, Cam., p. 37.

Genus MACKOGASTER,* Brul.

Macrogaster, Brulle, Hist, Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, p. 184.
Ctenotoma, Cameron, Ann. Nat., Hist, xx, 1907, p. 17.

GEXOTYPE, M. rufipennis, Brulle.

Head large and not much dilated behind the large eyes, cheeks

* The generic name, Macrogaster, was applied to Coleoptera in 1805 by
Thunberg, and to Arachnida in 1843 by Miesch. It is consequently probable
that the Hymenopterous genus will have ere long to be renamed ; but I am
not aware that either of the earlier genera are in use by systematists and
prei'er to retain names until their alteration becomes of some use, which does
not appear to be the case here. Brulle's title is retained by Dalla Torre in
1901 and Ashinead in 1900. Macrogaster was also applied to a genus of
Zetizerid moths by Duponchel (cf. Doubleday's List and Newman's British
Moths, p. 17, etc.).

-»: ICHNEUMONIDjE.

distinct, face centrally carinate ; clypeus rounded or with the sides
slightly oblique at the apex, basally indistinctly discrete ; lower
mandibular tooth large, the upper smaller. Antennae stout and
never as slender as those of Ithyssa or Pimpla. Thorax stout ;
mesonotum not transversely striate ; notauli distinctly impressed,
their middle lobe small and triangular, basally transverse, strongly
punctate and often elevated ; metanotum with more or less dis-
tinct, though never complete, areae and large linear spiracles.
Scutelluni hardly elevated, laterally immarginate and basally im-
pressed ; postscutellum basally bifoveolate. Abdomen stout,
glabrous and nitidulous, neither punctate nor strigose, and with
no impressions ; basal segment less stout than in Pimpla, not
discally bicarinate and of variable form, with the spiracles a little
beyond the centre ; hypopygium large and cultrit'orm ; terebra
elongate, at least as long as the abdomen. Legs stout, as in
Pimpla, with short calcaria ; claws elongate, curved and simple.
Wings with no areolet ; second transverse recurrent nervure
emitted from close to the submarginal, much closer than in
Pimpla ; stigma narrow and lanceolate : radial cell elongate and
extending nearly to the apex ; first recurrent of hind wings
straight and not intercepted.

Range. Assam, Singapore and South Africa.

Cameron says (Mooch. Mem. 1899, p. 193) of the Indian repre-
sentatives of this somewhat anomalous genus : " I believe I have
correctly referred the following species to Brulle's genus. . . .
His generic description, however, is very defective in some im-
portant points ; and it is quite possible that our species may not
belong really to Macroc/aster. He places Macrogaster next to
Cryptus, but the relationship of our species is undoubtedly with
the PIMPLIDES. In neuration it agrees with Epirhyssa, to [*tc]
which the species described by Smith (Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. Ib57,
p. 121)* is clearly congeneric; hut it differs in the mesonotnm
not being striated, and in other respects." Later (Ann. Nat.
Hist. xx. 1907, p. 16) he expressly states that " Macroyaster,
Brulle, does not belong to the PIMPLIN^;"; but there can, I
consider, be but little doubt that it is correctly placed here,
since it is certainly allied to the AC.ENITIDES in the conformation
of the abdomen and subincrassate hind femora.

* Bruit's inadequate description has certainly been responsible for con-
siderable confusion; thus Smith (loc. tit.) in describing this presumptive
£pir*MM under the genus Macrogaster says that " this species may possibly
be a Rhyssa with the petiolated submarginal cell obsolete; the neuration of
the wing agrees with that of Brulle's genus Macrogaster. I am not acquainted
with any other genus to which it could belong ; the antenna' are those of
Rhytta, not apparently of Macrogaster."

MACIIOGASTER.

27

Table of Species.

1 (6) Central mesonotal lobe higher than

the lateral ; metanotum more or less
transversely strigose or reticulate.

2 (5) Body black.

3 (4) Legs nearly entirely black ; antennae

not white-banded nigricansj Cam., p. 27.

4 (3) Leq:s mainly pale ; antennae white-

banded varipes, Cam., p. 28.

o (2) Abdomen and anterior legs red, hind

legs black ferrut/ineus, Cam., p. 29.

6 (1) Central mesonotal lobe not higher than
the lateral ; metanotum not reticu-
late or transversely strigose luteus, Cam., p. 30.

1. Macrogaster nigricans, Cam.

Macrogaster nigricans, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 194 ( § ).

$ . Head black, with the facial orbits broadly, and the frontal
narrowly, testaceous-flavous ; face strongly punctate, becoming
irregularly reticulate ; epistoma prominent and in c? carinate

above ; clypeus impunctate,
with the sides straight and
oblique ; mandibles with elon-
gate white pilosity, their basal
half deeply punctate and centre
bicarinate ; palpi infuscate.
Antenna shortly pubescent
throughout. Thorax immacu-
late ; mesonotum strongly and
deeply punctate, its apex trans-
verse, with the central lobe
distinctly elevated; metanotum
apically deplanate, transversely
striolate, laterally at the base
and before the spiracles irregu-
larly reticulate, with a small,
transverse and apically emar-
ginate basal area ; pro- and
F.g. ^-Macrogaster mgncans, Cam. S,ego_pleura) pullctate-strigose,

with the latter centrally gla-
brous and plumbeous ; metapleura? reticulate and white-pilose.
Scutellum niticlulous and apically plumbeous, with large and
sparse punctures ; basal fovea large, deeply impressed and
as broad as the scutellum, transversely tricarinate with the

* An asterisk against the name of a species in the synonymy indicates that
a type or cotype has been examined by the author.

28 ICHNEUMOJUD.E.

central earina; straight and the lateral more slender aiid sub-
oblique ; postscutellum large and deplanate with a small central
fovea at its base and a large, deeply impressed one on either side
extending to its apex. Abdomen glabrous and nitidulous, black,
with a distinct plumbeous reflection ; basal segments nude, the
apical with white pilosity ; ventral segments plumbeous, with
their apices white; hypopygium punctate and cultriform ; terebra
almost as long, as body (12 millim.). Legs densely white-pilose.
black, with the front femora and tibia? anteriorly dull testaceous ;
coxae and femora somewhat strongly punctate. Wings infuscate
hyaline, and subinfumate below the stigma and at the apex.

Length 111 millim.

The cf differs little from Cameron's description of the $ , given
above. It has the flagellar joints apically nodulose ; the vertex
broad, as broad as the thorax ; the eyes are prominent and render
the head broader than the thorax ; the palpi fulvous ; the scu-
tellum is punctate throughout with its basal fovea strigose ; the
metanotum is fully areated with only the glabrous areola confluent
with the petiolar area, the costulae are emitted but shortly beyond
the transverse basal area and the large spiracles lie in a glabrous
space ; the basal segments are laterally pilose with the spiracles
of the first slightly before its centre ; the genital organs are large,
red and exserted ; the wings have the whole of their apices and
a semifascia below and beyond the stigma somewhat strongly
piceous.

Length 11 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Eotlmey, Brit. Mus.; B. Warren, 18. v. 09,
Ind. Mus). MALAY STATES : Penang (//. Ar. Ridley, Brit. Mus.).

Type in the British Museum.

The $ was described from Rothney's collection and captured
in the Khasi Hills of Assam ; I have seen the type in the British
Museum and am sure it is congeneric with the same author's
tfijtJtimfdift iridicolor, of which the type is also in the same
Museum, from Borneo ; the only distinctions I can trace
between these two specimens are the broader head of the latter,
in which also the second recurrent nervure of the fore wings
is received beyond, and not at (as in M. nig ri cans), the sub-
marginal nervure.

The rf i» here described for the first time from an example
from Penang.

"2. Macrogaster varipes, Cam.

Macrogaster varipes, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 196 ( $ ).

A black species with the head and all the abdominal segments
white-marked, and the flagellum with a broad band of the same
colour. Head black ; the strongly punctate and sparsely white-
pilose face and clypeus, and the frontal orbits (the outer narrowly
above and broadly below) stramineous, with a slender black line

MACROG ASTER. 29

down the epistoma, dilating quadrately above the elypeus ;
mandibles black, with long white pilosity, their base coarsely and
irregularly punctate ; palpi stramineous. Antennce black and pale-
pilose, with a broad band on the twelfth and following joints, as
well as the scape and basal flagellar joint beneath, white. Thorax
black ; mesonotum somewhat strongly punctate and discally bi-
carinate from the notauli to the scutellar impression ; uotauli
deeply impressed, with their central lobe elevated and not strongly
constricted basally, the lateral centrally subglabrous ; pro- and
meso-pleurae punctate-acicnlate, with the latter centrally smooth
and plumbeous ; metanotura basally smooth, with its central area
quadrate, petiolar area laterally trans-striate, before the spiracles
irregularly strigose and obliquely carinate ; metapleurae closely
and coarsely punctate, subreticulate below and at the apex.
Scutellum strongly punctate ; postscutellum deeply impressed
basally, apically white and glabrous. Abdomen black, with a
plumbeous reflection and all the segments apically stramineous ;
the first somewhat elongate, with its basal half distinctly con-
stricted, and the apical pale band broad ; venter stramineous, with
the basal segment black and bearing a basal acuminate tooth ;
hypopygium flavescent and narrowly black centrally ; terebra
slightly longer than the body (13 miliim.). Legs: anterior pairs
flavous, with their femora fulvescent ; hind legs fulvous, with the
coxae, apices of trochanters, femora narrowly at base and broadly
at apex, and apices of their tibiae, black ; hind coxae apically
white-marked. Wings subhyaliue, with a short fascia below the
stigma and the apices infumate.

Length 12 miliim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothnty).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

3. Macrogaster ferrugineus, Cam.

Macrogaster ferrugineus, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899; p. 198 (tf).

A black species, with the head flavous and the abdomen red.
Head flavous, with only the aciculate and centrally carinate frons
(broadly in the centre), the largely punctate vertex and the
occiput above, black ; frontal orbits elevated and sulcately
bordered above ; face strongly punctate, with dense, infuscate
pilosity and its apex stoutly carinate centrally ; elypeus centrally
broadly impressed and apically glabrous ; mandibles smooth and
flavous, with their apices black ; palpi stramineous, with elongate
white pilosity. Antennce black, shortly pubescent throughout and
nearly as long as the body, with the scape clear red and the base
of the flagellum rufescent. Thorax black ; propleurse punctate
above, centrally strigose and smooth below ; mesonotum closely
punctate, with the lateral lobes centrally sulcate, and with four
stout carinae at the base of the central lobe ; mesopleurae smooth
above, and obsoletely punctate and white-pilose below, with the

30 ICHNEUMONIDJS.

callosities large ; metanotum with three basal areas, of which the
areola is much the smallest and the outer cues punctate, its disc
broadly glabrous, the sides irregularly strigose and the apex tri-
angularly carinate on either side; metapleurso closely punctate,
buallj more closely and obliquely cariuate. SeuteUwn punctate
throughout, but less strongly than the mesonotum, its apex and
that of the smooth postscutellum subflavidous ; latter closely
striate at the base on either side and distinctly cariuate apically.
Abdomen red and glabrous, with the anus subnigrescent. Legs
testaceous, with the hind ones deep black throughout, with black
pilosity; hind calcaria testaceous. Wings hyaline and infumate
only at their apices ; nervures and stigma black ; second recurrent
nervure with very broad, but not confluent, fenestrae.

length 9 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (KotJmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

There is a badly broken specimen in the Calcutta Museum,
which possibly belongs here ; it was taken by W. Doherty in
Tenasserim.

4. Macrogaster luteus, Cam.

Macrogaster luteus, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 199 (J).

A luteous species, with black markings, antennae and stigma.
Head pale; face strongly punctate and densely infuscate-pilose,
with the epistoma broadly carinate basally ; clypeus semicircular
and laterally foveate above, sparsely punctate and apically rounded
on either side ; inner orbits distinctly margined above and verti-
cally sulcate; irons centrally impressed, laterally closely punctate,
with an obtuse carina between the scrobes ; vertex sparsely
punctate, black, with the occiput concolorous above. Antenna
black, becoming piceous apically ; the pilose scape clear and the
pubescent flagellum dull, flavescent beneath. Thorax luteous ;
pro- and meso-pleurae strongly punctate, the former strigose below
and the latter black-marked ; mesouotuin strongly punctate, with
the central lobe basally trilobate and apically black ; the lateral
lobes basally confluent and mainly black ; metanotum basally black,
with three apically punctate arese, of which the areola is broader
than long, apically rounded, emitting the costulae from its sides,
and from its centre a shorter and straight carina ; petiolar area
glabrous and laterally carinate, with a small area at its base ;
metapleurae and sternum closely punctate and, between the carinae,
stoutly and irregularly strigose. Scutellum convexly declivous at
base and apex, strongly punctate, with elongate infuscate pilosity,
and its apex black ; postscutellum impunctate, nitidulous and
subglabrous. Abdomen nitidulous and impunctate ; luteous, with
nil the segments, except the first, basally black and with the
markings constricted towards the anus ; gastrocoeli broad, smooth
and oblique. Legs concolorous with the body ; luteous, with the

MACROGASTER. — CHREUSA. 31

hind coxae externally above, their trochanters apically, and their
tarsi, black ; tibiae and tarsi shortly fulvous-pilose ; hind femora
strongly and closely punctate. Wings hyaline, with their apices
subinf umate ; feuestrae of second recurrent nervure distinct ; the
upper basal intercepts the median nervure beyond the lower basal ;
nervures and stigma black.

Length 8-9 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills.

Type in the British Museum.

The extent of the black marking on the legs is variable, and the
hind femora are sometimes broadly black beneath.

If this species is to be regarded as at all typical of the HEMI-
GASTRIDES, I have no hesitation in saying that that group should
be included in the AC^ENITIDES, since the type of M. luteus, which
was acquired by the British Museum in 1899, quite certainly
differs only specifically from my Accenitus xanthorius ; but since
Cameron himself, as stated above, was doubtful of the propriety
of including his Oriental species in this genus, it is impossible to
fix Brulle's genus without closer acquaintance with the typical
species (M. ritfipennis, Brul., Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, p. 185,
tab. xli, fig. 4, $ ) than I have had an opportunity of obtaining.
It is significant, perhaps, of an ignorance of that genus that
Brulle describes no species of Accenitus.

Genus CHREUSA, Cam.
Chreusa, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 209.

GENOTYPE, C. fulvipes, Cam.

Wings with no areolet ; scutellum large, pyramidal and late-
rally broadly carinate ; metanotum with only the basal or central
area defined and laterally mucronate with large apophyses or a
plate. Eyes large and cheeks elongate ; vertical orbits hardly
developed, the internal distinctly margined next the scrobes.
Antennae incrassate, compressed towards the apex. Clypeus not
discrete, basally foveate on either side and apically rounded ;
mandibles triangular, with usually but a single apical tooth.
Thorax large, with indistinct notauli ; mesopleurae longitudinally
sulcate below. Basal abdominal segment large, with the post-
petiole dilated and the second with no gastrocoeli ; hypopygium
very large, emitting the terebra from its base. First joint of the
front tarsi basally strongly curved, subexcised, with the elongate
tibial calcar sinuate.

Range. Assam.

The form of the abdomen, with but three visible segments,
resembles that of Rothneyia ; and, indeed, Cameron at first pro-
posed to place it and the present genus in a new group of the
lOBHinrMOinNJB, under the name KOTBNEYINJE, but this has not
been accepted by systematists, since he himself placed the present

32 ICHNEUMONIDJE.

genus in the group oE Macrogaater in 1899 ; and, in any case, the
distinct sternauli and exserted terebra exclude it from the ICHNEU-
MONIN.E. Originally Cameron considered the present genus to
belong to the section of ICHNEUMONIK^: with the metathoracic
spiracles linear and those of the petiole between the centre and
apex, though differing from all known groups in the inflated
three basal segments, the elevated apex of the third and invisibly
telescoped remainder.

That the two species placed in this genus by Cameron are really
homogeneous I consider open to doubt : the absence in the first
and typical species of a basal scutellar fovea and the obtusely
bidenfate mandibles of the second, are points of considerable
structural dissimilarity. I have seen this genus in the British
Museum ; it bears a strong superficial resemblance to Hemic/aster*
Females alone are at present known.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Black, with flavous markings, the coxae and

base of antennae black fnlvijies, Cam.

2 (1) Red, with the coxae and base of antennae

concolorous. ... t lutea, Cam.

5. Chreusa fnlvipes, Cam.

Chrewsafidvipes, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. ]899, p. 210 ($).

A very profusely flavous-marked species, with red legs. Head
slightly broader than the thorax and narrow behind the eyes;
black, "with the epistoma, clypeus, palpi, inner orbits throughout
but broader apically, stramineous ; face and the centrally black-
marked clvpeus strongly punctate and sparsely white-pilose ;
vertex strongly punctate and frous deeply excavate. Antennae a»
long as the body, black, with the apices dilated and piceous ;
joints eight to sixteen, and underside of scape, pale stramineous.
Thorax closely and strongly punctate and white-pilose ; notauli
and scutellar fovea wanting ; pleurae coarsely sculptured, with tlie
propleiiraD basally bright pale fulvous ; metanotum flavous, rugoselv
punctate, convexly declivous and basally obliquely impressed ;
areola short and broad, laterally curved and obliquely constricted,
emitting a carina extending to the apex from each of its apical
angles ; apophyses large, laterally broadly dilated, with a round
fovea on the top; lateral cari 1133 distinct; rnetapleurse flavescent,
closely and transversely strigose. Scutellum rugose and densely
white-pilose, black, with its strongly strigose sides and rounded
apex broadly, and the postscutellum entirely, white. Abdomen
black ; basal segment as long as the second, with its sides, apex
and basal half flavous, centrally bicarinate, with the apical h:ilf
strongly and closely punctate and white-pilose ; the closely
punctate second and third segments apically and laterally flavous ;

CHREUSA. 33

•sides of segments acutely margined and pale flavous beneath ;
anus broadly flavous ; terebra 2 millim. in length. Legs fulvous,
with the anterior coxae and trochanters flavidous, the former black
behind and laterally above ; hind coxae black, strongly punctate
and densely white-pilose. Wings hyaline, with the stigma and
nervures black, tegulae flavous ; radial cell lanceolate at both
extremities ; submarginal uervure carved and emitted from the
cubital a little before the broadly fenestrate second recurrent.

Length 10 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Eothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum ; the hind legs are missing from
the coxse.

6. Chreusa lutea, Cam.

Chreusa lutea, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 212 ( $).

A ferruginous species, with the coxae and the base of the
.antennae red. Head distinctly broader than the thorax, ferru-
ginous, with the punctate
and laterally white-pilose
face stramineous ; clypeus
punctate, with white pi-
losity, its apex rounded
and clearly discrete; man-
dibles stramineous, with
their apices black and tri-
angularly bideutate; vertex
somewhat coarsely punc-
tate; frons excavate and
centrally elevated, with the
elevation laterally carinate.
Antennae longer than the
body and slightly incrassate
towards their apices, black,
with the scape and first
flagellar joint red, the sixth

Fig. 5. — Chreusa lutea, Cam.

to ninth clear white and darker above. Thorax ferruginous ;
pronotum apically triangularly prominent, with a second rounded
projection on the disc, propleura3 stramineous and stoutly strigose
below ; mesonotum closely punctate and very shortly pubescent;
mesopleune coarsely punctate above and strongly strigose below,
with broad, deeply impressed and vertically trans-striate sternauli ;
metanotum large and closely rugose, with the basally broad and
laterally oblique areola, external arese, transversely strigose and
laterally subparallel-sided petiolar area, and the large, apically
round,ed spiracular arese, distinct. Scutellwn longer than broad,
apically constricted, stoutly carinate laterally at the base, with
the basal fovea broad and deeply impressed. Abdomen ferru-
ginous, with the closely punctate second and third segments

34 ICHNEUMON I D.T.

apically, laterally and ventrally stramineous; basal segment a-
little longer than the second, broad, with the petiole narrow,
bicarinate to apex and laterally carinate to the spiracles ; terebra
2 millim. in length. Legs red ; apices of hind femora, of their
tibia) more broadly, and their tarsi (except basally), black. Winys
hyaline ; stigma black and basally paler, second recurrent nervure
broadly fenestrate.

Length 7 millim.

The stoutly bidentate mandibles and impressed prescutellar
fovea of this species render it very distinct from the last ; super-
ficially its colour will distinguish it at a glance.

ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Kothney).

Type in the British Museum.

Genus HEMIGASTER, End.
Hemiyaster, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, p. 2GG.

GENOTYPE, H. fcuciata, Brulle.

Head short and broad ; eyes large and margined, with the
inner orbits stoutly carinate apically ; frons broadly and deeply
impressed, with its centre tricarinate ; face distinctly carinate
longitudinally in the centre ; mandibles apically bideutate.
Antennae somewhat elongate and incrassate towards their acumi-
nate apices. Mesonotum not trilobate, though with the notauli
distinct ; metanotal area3 complete, with large and linear spiracles.
Scutellum stoutly carinate. Basal abdominal segment with the
distinct petiole discally bicarinate, apically curved, and small
circular spiracles at base of its apical third part ; gastrocoeli of
second segment obsolete ; three basal segments very large,
remainder small ; terebra shorter than half the abdomen. Tarsi
spinose, with their claws simple. Areolet wanting ; radial cell
large and broad, with its apical half broadly lanceolate ; first
recurrent nervure of hind wings angled and intercepted.
Raiuje. India and Australia.

The two species originally described in this genus have the
antennal joints much longer than broad, with the scape reflexed
and broadly emarginate externally ; the legs are of normal length
and breadth, with the fourth tarsal joint small and not bifid; the
mesothorax is broad and the metanotum declivous throughout.

Its name is derived from the strongly developed three basal
segments, beneath which the remainder of the abdomen is tele-
scoped and, in the typical species, hidden ; consequently the
abdomen has a somewhat broad oval form, with the basal segment
somewhat elongately triangular and posteriorly broad, sides a
little concave, and the petiole rather broad. Brulle remarks (I. c.
p. 267) upon the comparative similarity between the Crypto-
gastrid Braconids and the present genus, also referred to by
Marshall (Brecon. d'Europ. i, p. 26).

HEMIGASTER. 35

This genus may at once be known from Macrogaster by its
complete metanotal area?, angled and intercepted second recurrent
of the hind wing, and the much shorter terebra.

Cameron says (Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 193) that Hemigaster has
the same neuration as Macrogaster, but that in other respects it is
very dissimilar : — in not having the mesonotum trilobate, the
spiracles between the centre and apex of the petiole, the three
basal segments greatly enlarged, the head smaller and the petiole
bicarinate. Though he considered Macrae/aster to belong to the
PIMPLED, he would place his species of Hemigaster between the
IcHKEUMoiuiirjE and CEYPTI>*^E ; they are, however, associated in
a small group by themselves, in the middle of the CBTPTINJE, by
both Ashmead and Dalla Torre, possibly for no better reason than
that Brulle placed them in his third "type," Les Cryptus, in which
section, however, was also included Agriotypus, Curt. !

Table of Species.

1 (2) Postpetiole 4-carinate ; face infuscate ; flagellar

band weak fasciatus, Brul.

2 (1) Postpetiole 2-carinate ; face red ; flagellar band

clear white carinifrons, Cam.

7. Hemigaster fasciatus, Brul.

Hemigastei- fasciata, Bralle", Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, p. 267, tig. ( § ).

A red species with a broad abdominal band, the posterior legs
partly, and the white-baiided antennae, black. Head red, with
the face and vertex laterally, and the lower orbits of the eyes,
infuscate ; face longitudinally prominent in the centre ; mandibles
apically black. Antennte black, with the first two joints and base
of the third red, and an incomplete central flagellar band flavescent.
Thorax subpubescent, with the mesonotal notauli narrow, the lobes
not at all convex, and the central one longitudinally subsulcate ;
metanotum broadly and deeply sulcate almost throughout, the
petiolar area bicostate and divided into three polygonal areae ;
apophyses distinct and obtuse. Abdomen red, with the three basal
segments closely punctate ; basal segment with four longitudinal
discal carinae and a longitudinal black stripe on either side of the
disc; second with a black band, laterally rounded and not extending
to the side margins, occupying the basal two-thirds ; third segment
basally subinf uscate ; terebra 25 millim. in length. Legs red,
with the anterior tarsi more or less infuscate ; hind legs with the
tarsi entirely, and femora and tibiae towards their apices, black.
Wings hyaline, with the nervures rufescent.

Length 10 millim.

" INDES OKIENTA.LES."

36 ICHNEUMONID.E.

8. Hemigaster carinifrons, Cam.

Hemigaster carinifrons, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899. p. 201 (d 2).

Head red, with only the apices of the basally closely punctate
and laterally carinate mandibles black ; face and clypeus not sepa-
rated, closely punctate and densely white-pilose, the latter basally
foveate on either of its oblique
sides and apical ly transverse ;
former with the central carina
impressed at base and apex ;
vertex closely punctate, frons
glabrous and excavate, with a
central longitudinal acute carina,
obliquely inflexed and having on
either side another short basal
carina ; upper orbits elevated
and acutely carinate ; occiput
bordered. Antennae as long as
the body, black, with the two
basal and base of the third joints
p- g red, and the seventh to eleventh

Hemigaster carinifrons, Cam. clear white. Thorax red, with

the propleurae closely punctate,

stoutly and obliquely strigose below; mesothorax closely punc-
tate, with the notauli narrow but distinct and the sternauli deeply
impressed, curved and crenulate ; mesopleurae obscurely strigose
above, with a central, crenulate sulcus, which is broadly black on
either side; cietanotum centrally glabrous, laterally closely punc-
tate, with its external and apical parts strigose; areae entirely
demarcated and clearly defined ; areola obliquely declivous basally,
carinate throughout and obliquely constricted apically, whence
two apically subdivergent carinae extend to the petiole; external
basal areae entire and broader than long ; dentiparal areae of about
the same size and centrally emarginate externally ; petiolar area
twice as long as broad; spiracular areae large, deeply and obliquely
impressed basally, l>roa<ler than long and separated from the ante-
rior by a stout carina ; apophyses large, foliaceous and transverse ;
? piracies linear, oblique, narrow and rounded at both extremities;
metapleurse shagree.ned. Scutellum elevated, longer than broad,
closely puncia'H and infuscate-pilose, apically constricted, with its
sides anil apex stoutly carinate : postscutellum carinate laterally,
apically explanate and bicarinate vertically. Abdomen red and,
except the l>asal segment, closely punctate, with short and dense
wiiite pubescence; first segment basally smooth and constricted,
apically closely punctate, dilated and curved, laterally and
beneath and on the postpetiole bicarinate; three basal segments
large and subt-qual in length, remainder much shorter and decreas-
ing in length towards the anus. Legs subelongate ; anterior
testaceous, with the coxae broadly at the base above, and their

HEMIGASTER. — ABTHULA. 37

onychii, black ; hind legs black, with the coxa;, trochanters, and
base (or in tf underside) of the femora rufescent, the apical third
of the densely setit'erous tibise and the tarsi, except their onychii,
stramineous, or in <3 testaceous ; calcaria slightly longer than halt'
the spinose metatarsi ; third tarsal joint double the size of the
fourth; claws curved and simple. Wings clear hyaline through-
out ; stigma fulvidous, nervures and J stigma darker ; cubital
nervure basal ly oblique, nervelet distinct.

Length 8 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey).

Types tf % in the British Museum.

This species is remarkable for the strongly curved median
nervure of the hind wings and the Cryptoid basal abdominal
segment.

Genus ARTHULA, Cam.
Arthula, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1900, p. 110.
GENOTYPE, A. brunneocornis, Cam.

J only. Head not strongly buccate behind the large and
internally parallel eyes, which do not extend to the base of the
stout, short, and equally bidentate mandibles ; clypeus small,
separated from the face and obliquelv impressed transversely at
the apex ; labrum prominent and rounded. Antennae stout, of
29 joints, and but little attenuate apically. Notauli distinct and
reaching centre ; metanotum with a single transverse carina near
the base, its spiracles linear, somewhat large and rounded at both
extremities. Scutellurn large and convex. Basal segment curved
and gradually subexplanate apically, with spiracles shortly beyond
the centre; second segment triangular, basally narrow and
gradually explanate to the transverse apex, with indistinct
gastrocoeli ; the third to fifth segments broader than long, and
with large lateral impressions, their centres being roundly
elevated ; hypopygium large, flat and apically triangular. Legs
elongate, hind coxae large, with the basal joint of their trochanters
longer than twice the apical ; tarsi spinose, with the metatarsi
longer than the remaining joints; front tibiae with no calcaria.
Wings with no areolet, and the single submarginal nervure so
abbreviated that the cubital and radial nervures almost coalesce ;
fenestrae distinct ; discoidal nervure obliquely curved on the basal
half.

Range. Assam.

"The short thick antennae with comparatively few joints" (says
Cameron, loc. cit.) "and the similarity in the alar neuration, might
place it near Accenitus, In the absence of the $ > its exact
relationship cannot be very clearly denned. It comes nearest to
the TKYPHONIDES and is closely related to Chreusa, Hemigaster,
and Macroyaster, with which it agrees in the neuration of the
wings and in the paucity of joints in the antennas, but may be
known from all of them by the median segment having only one

38 ICHKBUMOSIDJE.

transverse keel, and consequently no areae; by the metatarsus
being longer than all the other joints united, and by the more
slender petiole."

9. Arthula brunneocornis, Cam.

Arthula brunneocomis, Cameron * Manch. Mem. 1900, p. 112 ( ? ).

cJ . Head black, with the deplanate and closely punctate face,
the basallv prominent and apically obliquely impressed clypeus
(except its base), the labrum and all the orbits, pale flavous ;
mandibles, except before their apices, black ; the vertex and the
longitudinally sulcate frons, closely punctate. Antemue as long
as tlie abdomen, stout and hardly attenuate apically, piceous
and darker above, with the scape bright flavous. Thorax black,
with a broad pronotal band, the propleura below, callosities at
the front and hind radices, a mark at the apex of the notauli, a

Fig. 7. — Arthula brunneocornis, Cam.

transverse band at the base of the inesopleurae, a large mark on
either side of the closely punctate mesosternum and a large
triangular mark at the apex of metanotum, pale flavous ; meso-
notuni dull and, like all the pleura?, closely punctate, with the
notauli extending to its centre ; propleurae strongly and irregularly
strigose centrally ; metanotum strongly punctate and striolate,
basal ly finely and closely punctate before the transverse carina.
Scutellum somewhat strongly but not very closely punctate, with
a centrally constricted flavous mark on its apical half, and its
basal fovea glabrous; postscutellum, scutellar carina? and the
space on either side, flavous. Abdome/i dark ferruginous, with
the petiole centrally, and the base of all the segments, black.
Leys : anterior pairs pale fulvous, basally flavescent, with the coxae

ACJEXITIDES. 39

basally black; liind legs darker fulvous, with coxae and tarsi
yellower ; hind coxae broadly black internally at the base and
externally at the apex, their trochanters broadly black above
and the femora black above at the base. Wings clear hyaline ;
stigma infuscate, nervures darker, and tegulae flavous.

Length 11-12 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum, labelled brunneicornis by its
author.

Tribe ACJENITIDE8.

This tribe consists of several aberrant genera, of which Accenitus
and Collyria appear sufficiently closely related. Of the rest,
Coleocentrus is intermediate between the PIMPLINJS and the
Ophiouid genus Anomalon; (Edemutopsis might with more pro-
priety be placed in the TBYPHONIXJE, near Tliymaris; and the
exclusively Indian Tanera was thought by its author to appertain
to the LISSOXOTIDES. If relegated to the PIMPLIXJE, which would
seem their most natural position in our artificial classification, all
fall into the present tribe on account of their elongate hypo-
pygium, which entirely conceals the base of the terebra, and in
many cases extends to or even beyond the abdominal apex. The
first three genera are stout insects, with elongate and incrassate
hind legs, and short, subclaviforru antenna?; the last two are
much more slender, with elongate and filiform antennae, which
often exceed the body in length, and with the legs normal and
slender. As already remarked, it is exceedingly probable that
the distinction between this group and the last is less than has
hitherto been supposed ; and some of Cameron's species included
therein should, quite possibly, be placed in the present tribe,
since he himself was uncertain concerning their position. No
hosts of the Indian species have yet been noted.

Table of Genera.

1 (6) Hiiid legs stout or elongate ; an-
tennae about half length of body.

.2 (5) Areolet wanting ; metathoracic
spiracles elongate.

3 (4) Head transverse; hind tibise stout;

hypopygium acuminate ACCENITUS, Latr., p. 40.

4 (3) Head subcubical ; tibiae normal ;

hypopygiuui subtruncate COLLYBIA, Schiod., p. 45.

4> (2) Areolet triangular ; metathoracic [p. 47.

spiracles oval COLEOCENTRUS, Qrav.,

6 (1) Hind legs normal; antennae about

as long as body.

7 (14) Areolet entirely wanting.

40 ICHXECMOXID.E.

8 (9) Clvpeus as long as face; nervellus [p. 49.

" entirely wanting (EDEMATOPSIS, Tschek,

9 (8) Clvpeus shorter than face ; uervellus

ili-tinct.

10(11) Face transverse; terebra nearly as i_p. 6K

long as abdomen ACJEXITRLLUS, gen. nor.,

11 (10) Face not transverse ; terebra shorter

than abdomen.

12 (13) Metathoracic spiracles circular ;

basal segment of abdomen simple. THYMABIS, Forst., p. 52.

13 (12) Metalhoracic spiracles linear ; basal [p. 54.

segment of abdomen intumescent. BOLODERMA, gen. nov.,

14 (7) Areolet distinct and elongately

petiolate TANEHA, Cam., p. 56.

Genus ACJENITUS, Latr.
Aeeenitfs, Latreille, Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv, 1809, p. 9.

GEXOTTPE, Ichneumon dubitator, Pz.

Head transverse, subbuccate, and not narrowed behind the oval
and entire eyes ; clypeus short and transverse, deeply and semi-
circularly separated from the square face, the apical margin
subtruncate and centrally reflexed ; mandibles longitudinally
striate, usually apically bifid with the upper tooth more obtuse ;
ligula exserted ; antennal scrobes deeply impressed ; genal costa
inflexed. Antennae filiform, as long as or rather longer than
half the body. Thorax stout and strongly convex, with the
notauli very distinct ; mesosternum short, with indications of
lateral aulci ; metathorax short and rugose, with often indistinct
area;, spiracles large and elliptic, or linear. Abdomen smooth, as
long as head and thorax, somewhat narrower and subcompressed
apically, subsessile, convex and oblong, more constricted and
longer in <5 than in $ ; basal segment smooth and sub-
canaliculate, hardly dilated apically, narrower in J ; sixth of
$ ventrally concave and elougately acuminate; terebra from
about half to fully length of body. Hind legs elongate and
incrassate, with the tarsal claws large, curved, and not pectinate ;
front tibiae with one spur. AVings with no areolet ; the upper
pair with basal nervure perpendicular and not curved, fenestrae
large and nearly confluent ; lower ones with the first recurrent
postfurcal or subopposite.

Banrje. India, Africa, Europe and North America.

Gravenhorst has called attention to the relationship of this
genus with Lissonota, Coleocentnts, Arotes, and Collyria. It is,
however, abundantly distinct from any of these, and probably most
closely related to Lampronota, though the superficial resemblance
to the Braconidous genus Helcon is, as remarked by Haliday (Ent.
Mag. 1836, p. 143), curiously striking. Its species are known to
prey upon the lignivorous Lepidopterous larva? of the
and the imagines are attracted to umbelliferous flowers.

AC^ENITUS. 41

Table of Species.

1 (4) Head and thorax black; metanotum

fully costate.

2 (3) Wings with substigmal cloud ; hind

tibi?e pale red yrandipes, sp. n., p. 41.

3 (2) Wings with no cloud ; hind tibiae

black alecto, sp. n., p. 42.

4 (1) Head and thorax flavous ; metanotum

only basally costate.

5 (6) Xervelet wanting ; metanotum gla-

brous .ranthorius, sp. n., p. 43.

6 (o) Nervelet distinct ; metanotum roughly

punctate . biumbratus, sp. n., p. 44.

10. Acsenitus grandipes, sp. n.

5 . A handsome black species with pale-banded antennae andi
body, spotted wings, and fulvidous legs. Head stout, with the
distinctly bordered occiput narrower than the internally entire-
eyes ; vertex smooth, with a few isolated punctures, frons gla-
brous and very strongly carinate to the rugose and white face ;.
frontal and external orbits, cheeks, and the apically truncate
clypeus white ; mandibles black, strongly striate, and apically
attenuate. Antennce filiform throughout, black, with the ninth
to twenty-second flagellar joints, and the scape beneath, white ;.
apices ferruginous and abruptly obtuse. Thorax black, unevenly
punctate, with short white pilosity ; mesonotum somewhat dull,
discally rugose, with its notauli deeply impressed and their
central lobe vertical ; metathorax strongly costate, with the
areola small and exactly quadrate; petiolar area reaching beyond
centre, laterally sinuate, apically glabrous, and basally trans-
aciculate ; lateral arese irregularly costate ; apophyses obtuse ;
spiracles large and linear, circum costate. Scutelluin black, with
a few large punctures, laterally carinate to the centre, with its
basal fovea bicarinate and its extreme apex obscurely testaceous ;
postscutellum glabrous and entirely stramineous. Abdomen nar-
rower than the thorax, nitidulous and subim punctate, with the
apices of all the segments broadly flavous ; basal segment sparsely
and longitudinally punctate laterally, with the spiracles before its-
centre; gastrocoeli foveiform ; venter flavous, with the hypo-
pygium spinous and extending over the base of the centrally
testaceous terebra to beyond the pygidium ; terebra longer than
the abdomen. Legs : anterior pair entirely stramineous, with the
apices of the onychii and of the bifid claws alone infuscate ;
hind legs fulvous with the coxae, apices of trochanters, of femora^
of the curved tibiae and extreme base of the last, black ; coxse
internally above, base of trochanters, and the tarsi, except their
simple claws, white. Wings infuscate-hyaline, with a mark below
the black stigma and the apices of both pairs distinctly infumate ;.
radix testaceous, tegulse white, nervelet obsolete ; the bifenestrate-
second recurrent nervure intercepting the cubital, but slightly

42

beyond the single submarginal nervure; first recurrent of hind
wings subopposite and emitting the apically curved nervellus from
its exact centre.

Length 13 millim.

NICOBAR ISLANDS (Col. C. T. Binyhain).

TI/IX in the British Museum.

This species is probably referable to Forster's subgenus
Chorischizus : the specimen I have examined possesses a curious
malformation of the inner right hind tarsal claw, which is
strongly constricted centrally, and thence cleft into two branches,
superficially resembling the bifid anterior claws ; the left is
normal.

11. Acamitus alecto, sp. n.

rf . A handsome black species, with black antenna and body,
uniformly clouded wings, and pale legs. Head stout, with the
distinctly bordered occiput as broad as the internally entire eyes ;
frons smooth and dull, with distinct irregular punctures, finely
and obsoletely carinate only between the small scrobes ; face

Fig. 8.—Acesnitus alecto, Mori.

large, closely, strongly and evenly punctate, and, like the mouth,
cheeks, and orbits to above scrobes, flavous ; clypeus glabrous,
impressed throughout its apex, imperfectly separated by a circular
fovea on either side; mandibles with the black apical teeth of
equal length and their base not broader than the length of the
cheeks. Antenna fully as long as the body ; flagellum 34-jointed,
filiform and becoming a little attenuated apically, with the apices
of all the joints subnodulose; black, with the scape flavous
beneath and variegated above. Thorax black, unevenly punctate,
with short white pilosity ; mesonotum somewhat dull, with its
notauli deeply impressed and their central lobe vertical ; meta-
thorax strongly costate, with the areola small and exactly

AC^NITUS. 43

quadrate, the basal area narrower and the petiolar short, laterally
sinuate, apically glabrous, and the lateral areas irregularly costate ;
apophyses large aud obtuse ; spiracles large, linear, aud circum-
costate. Scutellum black, deplanate and finely punctate throughout,
laterally carinate to the centre, with its basal fovea quinque-
carinate; postscutellum glabrous. Abdomen much narrower than
the thorax, with its apical halt' strongly compressed and laterally
clavate; three or four basal segments nitidulous aud impunctate ;
apices of all the dorsal and ventral segments very narrowly
testaceous ; basal segment elongate, centrally sulcate to its apical
third, with a row of punctures on either side and the spiracles a
little before its centre ; gastrocoeli obsolete, extreme anus testa-
ceous. Legs : anterior pair entirely stramineous, with the apices
of the bifid claws alone infuscate, front calcaria strongly curved ;
hind legs stout and elongate, black, with the trochanters flavescent,
femora except at apex fulvous, and the tarsi, except the simple
claws and basal half of first joint, stramineous. Wings uniformly
infuscate-hyaline with the external margin hardly darker ; radix
rufesceut, tegute black, nervelet obsolete ; the bifenestrate second
recurrent nervure intercepting the cubital very distinctly before
the single submarginal nervure; the first recurrent of hind wings
subopposite and emitting the apically curved nervellus from very
distinctly above its centre.

Length 13 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. O. T. Bingham).

Type in the British Museum.

This insect may prove to be the alternate sex of that last
described ; but, in view of the divergences of their frontal and
venational conformation, the scutellar and tibial colour and alar
intumescence, it were better for the present to treat them as
distinct, especially since the only individual I have seen of
A. alecto was captured by Bingham in Sikkim at an altitude of
4000 feet in April, 1894, or some thirteen hundred miles from
the Nicobar Islands.

12. Acaenitus xanthorius, sp. n. (Plate I, fig. 1.)

<$ 2 . A flavous species, with sparse black markings, and the
alar apices alone infumate. Head flavous, with the ocelli, apices
of mandibles, the distinct occipital border narrowly in the centre,
and in $ the entire vertex, black ; frons and vertex deeply and
isolatedly punctate, the former with the scrobes large, glabrous,
and centrally strongly carinate to the coarsely and rugosely
punctate face; clypeus similarly sculptured, apicallv truncate,
and in J not basally discrete. Antenna filiform and abruptly
obtuse apically, black, with the scape and basal flagellar joints
flavidous beneath ; in J , the 19th to 21st joints (far beyond
the centre) stramineous. Thorax evenly and distinctly punctate,
flavous ; of d1 immaculate, of $ with a broad vitta on either
side of the deeply impressed notauli, a spot on the longitudinally

44 IC11XECMONIDJE.

subsulcate and anteriorly vertical central lobe, a dot before the
radical callosities and on the centre of the mesopleurae, the
minute and transverse areola, and the strongly costate external
arese entirely, black; metanotum glabrous, with longitudinal
costse emitted from beyond the centre of the external areas and
bifurcating to the apex at the obsolete apophyses, where they are
intercepted by the basally wanting costulae • spiracles large and
linear. Swtellum not small nor laterally carinate, evenly and
not closely punctate, with pale pilosity. Abdomen nitidulous,
subglabrous and apically pilose, of $ fusiform, of d narrower;
flavous, with the base of the third and fourth segments
obsoletely black, $ with all the segments basally black except
the first ; bnsal segment finely punctate, gradually a little ex-
planate throughout, with subcentral spiracles ; venter flavous,
c? valvuke exserted, hypopygium of $ extending to the apex and
covering the base of the apically incrassate valvulaa ; terebra
as long as the abdomen. Legs flavous, the hind ones stout,
elongate, and in $ with a discal coxal spot; the tarsi, extreme
apices of trochanters, of femora, and base of their hardly curved
tibiae, black ; anterior claws bifid ; c? hind tarsi infuscate.
Wings hyaline, with all the apices alone infumate ; radix, tegulse,
and base of costa flavous ; costa and stigma black ; areolet and
nervelet wanting : second recurrent emitted from external cubital
only slightly in J > and very distinctly in 5 , beyond the single
submarginnl nervure ; first recurrent of lower wing subopposite,
emitting the curved nervellus from slightly (in c? distinctly) below
its centre.

Length 8-10 millim.

SIKKIM, iv.-vi. 1900 (Col. 0. T. Bingham).

Type, ? , in the British Museum.

Described from two males and a female.

This distinct species belongs to Forster's subgenus Phcmolobus.
and, with the following, appears to bear the same relationship to
Accmitus that Xantliopimpla has to Pimpla.

13. Acaenitus biumbratus. sp. n.

$ . A flavous species, with sparse black markings, and two
infumate alar marks. Head flavous, with the ocelli, apices of
mandibles, and the distinct occipital border centrally, black ;
frons and vertex deeply and somewhat sparsely punctate, the
former with the scrobes large, glabrous, and centrally strongly
carinate to the centre of the coarsely and rugosely punctate face ;
clypeus similarly sculptured, apically truncate, and basally
indistinctly discrete. Antenna abruptly obtuse and slightly
incrassate apically, black, with the ecape and basal flagellar joints
Havidous beneath. Thorax evenly and distinctly punctate,
flavous, with a broad stripe on either side of the deeply impressed
notauli, a striolate spot at the base of the entire and anteriorly
vertical central lobe, a dot behind the tegula?, and the narrow,

AC2ENITUS. COLLYHIA. 45

strongly costate, external areae entirely, black; metanotum
rugulose, with the costae indistinct and obsolete, apophyses
distinct but obtuse, spiracles linear and short. Scutellum not
small, nor laterally carinate beyond its multicostate basal fovea,
evenly and not closely punctate, with pale pilosity, and its apical
third, like that of the glabrous postscutellum, black. Abdomen
nitidulous, finely and closely punctate, apically pilose and sub-
compressed ; flavous, with the base of all the segments, except
the first, basally black ; first black on either side before its centre ;
venter flavous, hypopygium extending to the apex and covering
the base of the apically black, but not incrassate, testaceous
valvulae ; terebra as long as the abdomen. Leys testaceous ; hind
pair stout and elongate with the coxa? basally above, the onychii,
and the base of the hardly curved tibiae, black ; anterior claws
bifid. Winys hyaline, the anterior pair with their apices broadly,
and a substigmal spot deeply, inf iimate ; radix, the anteriorly
black-spotted tegulae, and the base of the costa, flavous ; costa
and stigma black ; areolet wanting, nervelet distinct and nearly
us long as the submarginal nervure, which is emitted from the
cubital but shortly before the recurrent ; first recurrent of lower
wings exactly opposite, emitting the curved nervellus from its
centre.

Length 8 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. C. T. Bingham).

Type in the British Museum.

The distinct nervelet, strongly transverse intermediate segments
and elongate hypopygium place this species in Forster's subgenus
Chorischizus, though it is certainly congeneric with A. xanthorius.
with which its coloration is almost identical.

Genus COLLYRIA, Schiod.

Coltyria, Schiodte (nee Brulle), Mag. Zool. 1839, Ins. p. 10.
Pachymerus, Gravenhorst, Ichii. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 721 (part.).

GENOTYPE, Pachymerus calcitrator, Grav.

Head cubical, with the eyes pilose and somewhat large ; cheeks
buccate, not elongate, with the costa sharply iuflexed ; clypeus
hardly discrete, apically truncate and centrally produced. An-
tenna? shorter than the head and thorax; scape a little excised,
nagellum basally subattenuate. Thorax elongate ; pronotal
€pomia3 conspicuous above ; notauli apically distinct ; meso-
sternum elongate, with no lateral sulci ; metathorax long, with
distinct longitudinal, but no transverse. costae ; spiracles small
and obliquely linear. Abdomen elongate and apically subcom-
pressed; basal segment parallel-sided, with central spiracles;
ventral valvulae not vomeriform, but covering the base of the
short and straight terebra. Anterior legs slender ; the hind
pair strong and stout, their tibiae straight and longer than the
iucrassate femora, calcaria short, tarsi elongate with the claws

46 ICHXEUMONTD.E.

and pulvilli stout. Wings with the stigma narrow and with no
areolet ; apical abscissa of radial nervure nearly twice as long as
the basal ; lower angle of discoidal cell subacute ; fenestne dis-
creted and not small. Lower wings with the first recurrent very
strongly postfurcal and intercepted by the uervellus far above its
centre ; second recurrent centrally pellucid.

Range. Europe, North Africa, China and Ceylon.

This genus was for long treated as appertaining to the OPHIO-
KIXJB ; its stout and elongate hind legs, very indistinctly sub-
petiolate abdomen, cubical head, and the conformation of the
mouth parts and antennae certainly ally it far more closely with
Acttnitus, as was indicated by Thomson in 1877 ; and it appears
to bear only a very distant analogy with Pristomerus vulnerator,
its congeneric species in the Gravenhorstian system, which is a
true Ophionid aud closely related to the genus Cremastus.

Motschulsky's description of our two species is so short and
vague that it is quite impossible to tell nowadays whether they
should be placed in the PIMPLIKJE or OPHIONIN^E ; but, since no
mention is made of femoral dentation, it is far more probable
that, if correctly placed in the Gravenhorstiau genus by their
author, they should now find a place in that of Schiodte ; but 1
have seen nothing similar from Ceylon.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Shining ; antennae basally and petiolar fascia

red unifasciatus^ Mots.

2 (1) Dull ; antennae basally infuscate ; petiole

black gracilipes, Mots.

14. Collyria nnifasciatus, J/ota.

Pachyments unifasciatus, Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,
1863, p. 29.

An elongate, nitidulous, black species, with the head nearly a
quarter the length of the whole body in breadth. Head deplanate
and shining, with the clypeus densely and finely punctate and
pilose ; eyes large, with a brazen reflection ; palpi testaceous-red.
Antennas basally testaceous-red. Thorax with the rnesonotum as
broad as the head, glabrous, with the notauli deeply impressed and
basally convergent. Abdomen slender, compressed and subtri-
angularly dilated posteriorly ; basal segment with the petiole
elongate and black, with a testaceous-red fascia. Legs testaceous-
red, with paler coxal marks ; the hind femora simple, narrow and
centrally, like the apices of their tibiae, subinfuscate.

Length 4 raillim. Sex not noted.

CEYLON : Nuwara Eliya (teste Motschulsky).

It should be noted that in the original descriptions of this and
the following species their author appears to have transposed our
modern rendering of the terms pro- and mesonotum ; thus, he
writes of P. unifasciatus " pronoto capitis latitudine, longitudi-
naliter biimpresso " and of P. ymcilipes as " pronoto subovato."

COLLYRIA. COLEOCENTHUS. 47

15. Collyria gracilipes, Mots.

Pachi/merus gracilipes, Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou,.
1863, p. 30.

An elongate, narrow, black and hardly shining species, with the
head nearly one-fifth the length of the whole body in breadth.
Head deplauate, subtrans verse and testaceous-red, with only an
occipital mark black ; eyes normal, oblong and deep black.
Antennae nearly as long as the body and basally infuscate. Thorax
elongate ; pronotum ami all the pleurae testaceous-red ; rnesonotum
subovate, convex, centrally impressed and rufescent ; metanotum
elongate, shining and apically constricted. Abdomen narrow,
compressed, shining, posteriorly dilated, discally more or less
infuscate, with its centre and venter testaceous ; basal segment
black and parallel-sided. Legs slender, testaceous and with
fuscous markings, with the hind femora narrow. Wings ample,
with the large stigma infuscate-testaceous and the nervures dark.

Length 5 millirn. Sex not noted.

CEYLON : summit of Mount Patannas (teste Motschulsky).

The large alar stigma, normal-sized eyes and elongate antennae
render this species probably more closely allied to Pristomerus,
Curt., than to Collyria, Schiod. ; it may be the alternate sex of.
Pristomeridia marginicottis, described by Cameron in 1907 (Tijds.
Ent. p. 110) from Sikkiin.

Genus COLEOCENTRUS, Grav.

Coleocentrus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 437 ; Thomson,

Opusc. Ent. viii, p. 732.
Macrus, Gravenhorst, op. cit. p. 707.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon excitator, Poda.

Head transverse and subbuccate, eyes oval ; cheeks not short,
genal costa inflexed : clypeus short and discrete, apically produced
in the centre ; mandibular teeth subequal. Antennae filiform and
shorter than the body ; those of <$ slender. Thorax subcylin-
drical ; mesothorax laterally subquadrate, notauli deeply impressed
and reaching the centre of the mesonotum, mesostenium not trans-
verse with no lateral sulci, epicnemia obsolete ; metathorax rugose,
with a few longitudinal costae only, spiracles distinct and oval.
Scutellum triangular and strongly convex. Abdomen snbsessile,
convex, as broad as and twice as Jong as the thorax, apically
compressed ; ventral valvulae of $ acute and vomeriform ; basal
segment subparallel-sided and distinctly deplanate ; the second
and third with lateral oblique impressed lines, and in c? the
incisures broad and deeply impressed ; seventh and eighth large
and produced ; anus subacuminate ; terebra nearly as long as the
body. Legs long and somewhat slender. Wings ample, with the
areolet small, triangular and petiolate ; upper wings with the
lower basal nervure pellucid, the upper basal strongly oblique and
not curved ; radius emitted from before the centre of the narrow

48 ICHXEUMOXID.!.

stigma and longer basally than apically; fenestrse minute and
broadly discreted; recurrent nervure hardly sinuate; lower wings
with the first recurrent strongly postfureal.

Range. Europe, Sikkim, Burma, Japan, Malay Archipelago,
Tasmania, Texas, Canada.

The head, thorax, and legs resemble those of EphtaUct, but
the abdomen aud wings are more similar to those of certain

OPHIONIN-S.

This genus, a $ of which is figured by Ratzeburg (Ichn. lorst.
iii, p. 94), was placed by Gravenhorst under Banchiis and originally
contained females only,' since he erroneously relegated the males to
his Ophionid genus Macrus. They were united by Wesmael, in
his " Notice sur les Ichneumonides de Belgique appartenant aux
genres Metopius, Banchus et Coleocentrus" in 1849, in which he
states the opinion that they belong rather to the PIMPLIN.E.
Thomson retains the genus in this position on account of the
oblique incision of the basal segments, though indicating the
affinity shown with the OPHIOXIN.S by the apically compressed
abdomen.

16. Coleocentrus mollerii, Bing.

Coleocentrus mollerii, Bingham, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1898,
p. 116, pi. A, tigs. 4, 4a,

A very large black species, with profuse flavous markings.
Head black, with the clypeus, face below antennae, a dot at the
frontal orbits, and the cheeks flavous ; vertex with a few shallow
punctures. Antenna elongate and filiform, with the scape intu-
mescent, flavous beneath and deeply emarginate externally ;
fl:igellar joints apically oblique. Thorax black, with the pronotum
anteriorly and at its hind lateral angles, two short discal stripes on
the oval,* convex and transversely rugose mesonotum, mesopleurae,
the whole of the laterally flat, posteriorly rounded and apically
obliquely sloped metanotum, and large spots on the metapleuraB,
flavous. Scutellum punctate with its base, and a dot on either
side, flavous* ; postscutellum very small and compressed. Abdomen
nitidulous, with all the segments flavous- banded before the apex,
the basal ones depressed and deplanate, the apical subcompressed ;
the two basal segments discally glabrous, the remainder finely
punctate above at the base ; flavous bands of the fourth and
fifth segments laterally dilated, that of the sixth modified into a
transverse diamond shaped spot ; terebra a little longer than one
and a half times the length of the body (51 millim.), with the
valvulae ferruginous. Legs black ; the front ones with the coxa?
and trochanters apically, the femora in front, and whole of tibiae
and tarsi, flavous ; posterior legs with coxal spots, the trochanters
huskily, the intermediate femora externally and apically, the apical
half of the hind ones, the apical half of the intermediate tibia3 and
•the centre of the hind ones, flavous ; posterior tarsi ferruginous.

COLEOCENTIUJS. — (EDEMATOPSIS. 49

Wings deep brownish flavous, with the nervures piceous ; areolet
sessile and entire ; nervellus intercepting recurrent nervure of
lower wing at its junction with the median.

Length 33 millim.

SIKKIM; TE^ASSEBIM.

Type. Location unknown.

I am not quite satisfied that my friend Col. Bingham placed this
female in its correct genus ; he says that the terebra is " emitted
from the apical segment, which with the next three segments,
looked at from the ventral side, are ensheathed one within the
other " ; but this does not prove that its base is covered by the
hypopygium ; and his description of the " transversely plicated
and rugose" mesonotum, with the figure of the sessile areolet and
position of the nervellus, point rather to its inclusion in Nhyssa.
Cameron (Zeits. Hym. Dipt. 1903, p. 302) is of the same opinion.

This species is probably widely distributed.

Genus (EDEMATOPSIS, Tsdiek.

(Edemopsis, Tschek, Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1868, p. 276 ; id., op. cit.

1870, p. 430.

(Edimopsis, Thomson, Opusc. Ent.ix, 1883, p. 907.
(?) Hybophanes, Furster, Verb. pr. Kheinl. 1868, p. 216.
(Edematotms, Morley, Ichn. Brit, iii 1908, p. 268.

GENOTYPE, Tryplion scabriculus, Grav.

Head subglobose ; eyes small, entire, shortly and sparsely
pilose ; frons convex, mandibles bidentate, with the lower tooth
the shorter ; clypeus large and stout, apically broadly rounded or
subtruncate ; that of d1 nearly flat, as long as the face and not
broader than long, discrete, with the basal fovea on either side
and apically subreflexed ; clypeus of $ semicircularly discreted
basally, very strongly convex and produced, with a fine transverse
carina, intercepted by a conspicuous central subglobose tubercle,
extending across its centre. Antennae slender, filiform and a little
shorter than the body. Thorax stout and subovate, with distinct
notauli ; metathorax apically attenuate and produced above the
hind coxse ; upper and petiolar arese present ; spiracles circular
and situated between the centre and base. Scutellum deplanate
and apically obtuse ; its basal fovea multistriate. Abdomen sub-
petiolate, with the second and third segments often punctate-
rugose ; that of J sublinear, with all the segments longer than
broad, the last apically attenuate; that of $ linear-subfusiform,
with the three basal segments elongate and the remainder tele-
scoped, apical ventral segment covering base of terebra, which is
straight and not quite half the length of the abdomen. Legs
slender, with the tarsal claws simple. Wings of normal breadth,
with no areolet.

Range. Europe, Assam.

This genus differs materially from the XORIDIXI in its close-

E

50

lilting mandibles, very large and not apically impressed clypeus,
normally broad wings, and shorter terebra. I have found it
necessary to modify but very slightly the generic diagnosis, in
order to include the following Oriental form, which differs in
having the rnetathorax not longer than high, in its less clearly
defined area?, smoother abdomen and the relative lengths of its
segments. The alar nervures are also peculiarly disposed, the
internal cubital coalescing with the first recurrent at its junction
with the anal in such a manner that the anal is continuous with
he median; in the hind wing the nervellus and all the apical
nervures are wanting.

Its position is still a moot point ; though strictly speaking the
subsessile, and often rugose, abdomen, lack of all trace of areolet
and distinctly exserted terebra, place it incontrovertibly in the
PIMPLIN^E, among which its cubical head and elongate legs ally it
most closely with the XoBiDEfi. Tschek says (loc. cit.) his genus
is " a further contribution to the Austrian PIMPLID.*: " ; and
Bridgman (Entom. 1879, p. 129) " that it ought to remain among
the PIMPLIDJE, and in Holmgren's section ii.A.a." ( = XoRimxi).
Thomson, however, places it in his subtribe THYMABLDES of the
TRTPHONINJE, and no doubt can remain that, wherever placed, it
cannot be separated from Thymaris, a genus of far less Pimplid
facies. On the whole, I am inclined to think with the last author
and Gravenhorst, that, in spite of its cubical head and exserted
ovipositor, it is a true Tryphonid and certainly not one of the
LISSOXOTINI, among which it is placed as synonymous with Hybo-
phanes by Ashmead, who probably followed up Marshall's position
for it at the end of Phytodietus. I still prefer to treat it here in
its strict and perhaps more unnatural position in the PIMPLED,
which is further favoured by its now well authenticated ecto-
parasitic habits.

1 7. (Edematopsis apollos, sp. n.

cJ . A flavous species, with only
the eyes, ocelli, antennae apically
and before their white band, three
mesonotal stripes, basal scutellar
fovea, and the centre of the meta-
notum basally, black. Head broader
than the thorax and strongly
nitidulous, with only the face

A./flV~V obsoletely punctate. Antenna

/jf\\ slender and basally subattenuate,

I / I fl. 8 \ with a conspicuous white band

beyond their centre. Thorax :
mesothorax and scutellum nitidu-
lous, with the notauli deeply
impressed, centrally coalescent
Fig. 9. and dividing the elongate deep

(Edematopsis apottot, Mori. bkck stripes; metathorax cori-
aceous, with only the transverse

(EDEMATOPSIS. AC^XITELLUS. 51

petiolar area distinct ; lateral carinae strong. Abdomen linear and
testaceous, with two small black dots on the apical third of the
second segment, which is thrice as long as broad and half as long
again as the equally finely sculptured third segment ; basal
segment very slender, rather more than twice as long as apically
"broad and strongly nitidulous ; remaining segments pubescent,
obsoletely punctate and dull ; anal styles testaceous, and half the
length of the basal segment. Legs slender and hardly elongate.
Wings hyaline, with the radix and tegulse flavous, stigma luteous
and the nervures piceous, with the external cubital pellucid, and
the apices of all those in hind wings wanting.

Length 8 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills, 6000 ft., v. 1903 (lioidand Turner).

Ti/pe in the British Museum.

Described from a single specimen.

Genus ACJENITELLUS, gen. nov.

Head discally cubical, with the eyes somewhat prominent, but
not large or internally emarginate ; ocelli small and not far apart ;
face convex and strongly transverse ; clypeus deeply separated
basally and broadly rounded apically, with its disc glabrous ; man-
dibles elongate, somewhat slender and unideutate ; cheeks very
short. Antenrue of d1 longer than the body, filiform, centrally
white-banded, with their apical joints discreted and subattenuate.
Thorax short and stout ; notauli very deeply impressed and dis-
cally coalesced ; metathorax very short, with strong and entire
areae. Scutellum neither small not carinate, its apex obtuse.
Abdomen but slightly longer than the head and thorax, subsessile,
glabrous, nitidulous, deplanate in <3 and distinctly compressed
in § ; basal segment glabrous and very gradually explanate from
base to apex, its disc elevated and the spiracles before the centre ;
second and third segments quadrate, rectangular and of equal
length, the following transverse; terebra stout and nearly as long
.as the abdomen. Legs normal, with the hind ones neither elongate
nor stout ; onychii minute. Wings not large ; areolet wanting,
submarginal nervure very short and hardly half as long as the
space between it and the superiorly broadly fenestrate second
recurrent ; basal nervure continuous ; nervelet wanting ; nervellus
straight and subautefurcal, strongly intercepted almost at its lower

18. Acaenitellus polypori, sp. n.

J 2 . A small stout black species, with the clypeus, antennal
base, whole metathorax, extreme apex of scutellum. the first and
basal half of the second abdominal segment, and the legs entirely,
deep red; c? with the ninth and tenth flagellar joints and the

E2

62

ICHXEUMONIDJE.

teguhB white. Metanotal area, .very strongly carinate ; the ba»t
£ tnanguhr; the areo,a quadrate

Fig. IQ.—AcaHifelltts polypori, Mori.

emitting costuloe from its-
base ; petiolar area broad,
discreted, and subverticaL

Length 5-0 millim.

CEYLON : Peradeniya (E.
E. Green).

Type in the author's
collection.

Mr. Green has sent me
a dozen specimens of this
distinct species, unfortu-
nately in none too good
condition (the females have
no antennae), which he bred
from a decayed Polyporm-
fungusat Peradeniya during
June, 1905. They were
obviously preying in it upon

some species of fungivorous Coleopteron, just as the common
Palzearctic Ophionid, TJiersilochus moderator, L., preys in Boletus
i(jniarius upon the Heteromerous beetle, Orchesia micans, P/..
(ef. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1907, p. 38).

Genus THYMARIS, Font.

Thymaris, Foreter, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 151.
Thy mams, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. ix, 1883, p, 908.

GENOTYPE, T. pukhricornis, Brischke.

Head as broad as the thorax, circularly narrowed behind the-
eyes, with the vertex only slightly broader than long ; clypeus
arcuately separated, subconvex and apically very slightly rounded ;
eyes densely and very finely pilose, prominent, large and extending
to the base of the mandibles, which are weak and apically narrowed,
with the lower tooth the smaller ; cheeks obsolete and not buccate ;
face anteriorly contracted. Antennae nearly as long as the body,
unusually slender, with the flagellum filiform and scape compressed-
globose. Thorax with the epomiae rising nearly to the mesonotum ;
notauli somewhat elongate but usually not deeply impressed ;
mesosternum not transverse, flat, with the sternauli long and
not deep ; metathoraX not dentate or rugose, with complete areoe ;
areola hexagonal and emitting costulae before its centre ; spiracles
small and circular. Abdomen apically subcompressed ; basa)
segment elongate, discally subconvex, nearly thrice as long as
apically broad, aciculate throughout, with the base petiolate and
the spiracles slightly behind the centre ; second segment usually

THYMAKIS. 53

•quadrate and, at least in $ , aciculate ; third finely alutaceous
beyond the centre, remainder glabrous ; terebral valvulae centrally
incrassate and distinctly exserted. Legs very slender, with the
hind coxae oblong ; hind tibiae slightly iucrassate before the base ;
front femora not spinose, the basal joint of their tarsi a little
•arcuate. Wings with no indication of an areolet ; radius very
slightly curved and emitted from the centre of the normally broad
stigma ; basal nervure hardly curved or oblique, and slightly
divergent from the cubital ; parallel nervure emitted far below
•centre of the brachial cell ; nervellus antefurcal and intercepted
far below the centre.

llanrje. North West Europe, Ceylon.

This genus must be retained in juxtaposition to (Edematopsis,
with which it so closely agrees in its more salient features, although
the body is more slender, the abdomen smoother and the head less
cubical. It was originally placed by Eorster in the OPHIONIX.S,
and Bridgman considered it a division of Cymodma in that sub-
family ; Thomson, however, discovered the obvious relationship of
the above named genus with it, and includes them, under the
group-name THYMARIDES, in the Tryphonid Mesolcptina, I think
correctly ; but Ashmead, in 1900, widely separates these two
genera by leaving the present in its original position and placing
<Edematopsis in the PIMPLINJE. Both sexes bear a curious super-
ficial resemblance to small Mici-ocryptus or the more slender
Hemiteles, and the aciculate abdomen is similar to that of Panar-
yyi'ops (Leptocryptus).

](J. Thymaris clotho, sp. n.

$ . A black species, with pale-marked abdomen and red legs.

Head shining and pubescent, somewhat broader than the thorax,

with the facial orbits impressed ; palpi and mouth testaceous ;

•clypeus apically testaceous, normal and transverse, basally sub-

tuberculate in the centre, apically
a little rounded and not de-
pressed. Antennce very slender,
with the scape pale; flagellum
tricoloured. black, with the two
basal joints red and the eleventh
to fifteenth white. Thorax
shining and pubescent ; notauli
deeply impressed ; areola trans-
strigose and longer than broad,
subparallel-sided, basally rounded
and apically truncate, emitting
the costulae near its base ; basal
area not short. Abdomen with
the apical margin of the second
Fig. 11.— Thymarisdotlio, Mori. and whole of the first segment
dull testaceous ; basal segment

longer than the hind coxae and trochanters, aciculate, slender and

54 ICHNEUMONIDJE.

centrally impressed ; the second distinctly longer than broad, dull
and finely aciculate ; the quadrate third coriaceous, and the
following shining ; anus with stramineous markings ; terebra as
long as or slightly longer than the basal segment. Legs testaceous,
hind ones rufescent ; coxae and trocbanters pale ; hind tibiae
basally paler and apically subinfuscate. Wings of normal breadth -f
radix and tegulaD flavous ; stigma piceous.

Length 6 millim.

CEYLON : Galle, 5. ii. 07 (T. Bainbrigge Fletcher).

Type in the author's collection.

This species bears a remarkable resemblance to the Palsearctic
T. puldiricornis, Brisch. (T. compressus, Thorns.). Structurally it
is rendered certainly distinct by the deeply impressed notauli and
much more strongly emarginate occiput ; otherwise it differs in.
having only the apex of the clypeus pale, the third and fourth
flagellar joints black, the areola trans-aciculate and less parallel-
sided, the basal segment of the abdomen entirely rufescent and
the third immaculate black, with the second distinctly longer,
and the third coriaceous ; the head is broader, the anus more
compressed and the size a little larger.

Genus BOLODERMA, gen. nov.

Eyes internally entire ; occiput distinctly bordered throughout :
clypeus scutelliform, and apically subproduced and narrowed ;
lower mandibular tooth much the longer and both apically obtuse.
Antennae as long as the body and apically subsetaceous, with a
broad white band beyond the centre. Notauli fine and deeply
impressed ; mesopleurse basally tuberculate below, with no sulci ;
metanotum entirely glabrous, with no indication of carinae ;
petiolar area perpendicular, concave and centrally subtuberculate
above ; supracoxal carinae alone indicated ; spiracles linear and
not small. Abdomen subpetiolate ; basal segment explanate
slightly throughout, elongate, with the spiracles distinctly before
its centre and placed in a discal hump ; hypopygium extending to
the subcompressed anus. Wings with no areolet ; nervelet short
and distinct ; second recurrent nervure emitted beyond the
submarginal ; nervellus subopposite and intercepted exactly in its
centre.

At first I was at a loss regarding the natural position of this
genus, and it is only a knowledge of the very rare Arotes albicinctus,
Grav., which suggests this as the most natural place that can at
present be assigned to it. To Arotes it appears allied in general
facies and sculpture and in the distinctly longer lower mandibular
tooth, though the face is simple. It is similar to the antipodean
genus ProboloUles, Mori. (Ichn. Brit, i, p. 160), in the shape of
the metathoracic spiracles and the incrassate basal segment,
though the hump is here before its centre, and the areolet and
metathoracic areao are wanting. I consider it most closely related

BOLODEEMA. 55

to the PLATYUEINI, but its position there is precluded by lack of
primary characters, the position of the petiolar spiracles and
absence of the areolet.

I have seen but a single species.

20. Boloderma cadmus, sp. n.

c? . A strongly nitidulous, black and white species. Head
a little transverse and nearly parallel-sided behind the not very
prominent and internally entire eyes ; occiput distinctly bordered
throughout and centrally strongly emarginate above ; vertex sub-
deplanate, shining arid distinctly, though sparsely, punctate ;
frons flat and subglabrous ; face deplanate, entirely glabrous,
with a few large and shallow punctures ; epistorna slightly promi-
nent and apically circumscribed by a semicircular impression,
rising from the deeply bifoveolate base of the scutelliforin and
apically subproduced clypeus, which is depressed and laterally
contracted before its rounded apex ; cheeks elongate, sulcate
throughout and apically aciculate, with the genal costa continuous ;
mandibles strong, subparallel-sided, coarsely punctate-striate, with

the two apical teeth, of which
the lower is distinctly the
longer, very obtuse ; basal
maxillary palpal joint short,
and the remaining four both
elongate and subincrassate
apically. Head black, with
a frontal dot, the cheeks and
external orbits broadly, the
face entirely, and the clypeus,
excepting its lateral fovese,
pure white. Antennce black,
as long as the body, filiform
and not .very slender, with
their apices slightly attenu-
Fig. 12. — Boloderma cadmus, Mori. ate ; scape deeply excised ;

flagellum of about thirty-five

joints, all cylindrical, with the first half as long again as the
second, and an eight-jointed white band well beyond its centre ;
scape white beneath. Thorax strongly nitidulous and black, with
the notauli, the disc of the mesonotuin and lines from the radices,
propleur» obscurely, very large apical marks on both meso- and
metapleurse, white ; mesonotum closely and evenly punctate, with
the notauli free, deeply impressed and reaching the disc, but not
convergent ; mesopleurse finely punctate (more coarsely basally
below) just above a carina the base of which is tuberculiformly
produced, sulcus wanting ; metanotum entirely glabrous, with no
indication of carinae, discally deplanate and glittering, with the
petiolar area perpendicular, concave and centrally subtuberculate
above ; supracoxal carinae alone indicated ; spiracles linear and

56

somewhat large. Scutellum and postscutellum white, normal and
sparsely punctate. Abdomen linear, nearly half as long again as
head and thorax, though much narrower, glittering, irapune-
tate, white, with the basal half of the first seven segments,
together with the first ventral basally, black; first segment
three and a half times as long as apically broad, very gradually
explanate throughout and black only to the spiracles, which are
set in a strong hump distinctly before its centre. Legs elongate,
slender, normal, black, with the trochanters, anterior coxae, apices
of femora and of the anterior tibiae and tarsi, base of the hind
tibia and whole of their tarsi, white ; all the claws simple, strong
and infuscate ; hind femora and their coxae simple and punctate.
Wings ample and not narrow, siliceous, with no areolet ; second
recurrent nervure strongly curved, narrowly bifenestrate and
emitted slightly beyond the submarginal ; nervelet short but
distinct ; basal nervure subcontinuous ; stigma, radix and tegulae
black ; nervellus opposite and intercepted exactly in its centre.

Length 12 millim.

SIKKIM (H. J. Elwes).

Type in the British Museum.

Genus TANERA, Cam.
Tanera, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 141.

GESOTYPE, T. annulipes, Cam.

Head distinctly narrow behind the large and basally sub-
convergent eyes ; cheeks distinct ; clypeus evenly convex, apically
broadly rounded and basally discrete ; occiput transverse and
close to ocelli. Antennae nearly as long as the body, with the
apical joint longer than the penultimate, but shorter than the two
preceding united. Metathorax evenly coriaceous throughout,
with no trace of transverse carinae ; lateral metapleural carinae
strong ; " the keel on the edge of the metasternum projects at the
apex into a distinct tooth" ; spiracles small and oval. Abdominal
petiole elongate and slender, basally constricted and as long as
the two following segments united ; all the segments glabrous,
nitidulous and longer than broad ; terebra longer than half the
body. Legs slender ; hind coxae thrice as long as broad ; claws
not pectinate. Wings with the areolet elongately petiolate,
emitting the recurrent nervure from its apex ; inner cubital
nervure evenly curved ; upper basal emitted from the median
beyond the lower basal.

Range. Ceylon.

" The abdominal petiole is longer, more slender and narrower
at the base than it is in Listonota. If it is to be called ' sessile ' in
Ashmead's table (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii, p. 49) it would fit in
near Trevoria, with which it cannot be confounded ; if ' petiolate,'

TANERA. 57

then it would coine in near Atropha" says Cameron, in erecting
this genus ; but the possibility of its belonging to the ACJENITIDES
does not appear to have occurred to him at all. 1 am, however,
very strongly of opinion, from an examination of both the
description and the figure of the typical species, that this is its
most natural position, on account of the tapering petiole and
elongate coxa3, though no mention is made of the anal conforma-
tion ; there it appears so closely allied to the new Australian
genus Leptobatopsis, Aslim. (op. cif. 1900, p. 47) as to be separable
only by its simple tarsal claws.

2\.. Tanera annulipes, Cam.

Tanera annulipes, Cameron. Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 141, pi. ]J.
%.!!($).

A smooth and shining black species, with flavous markings.
Head black, with the clypeus, mandibles, palpi, a genal mark, the
inner orbits throughout but more broadly above, flavous. Antennce
immaculate. Thoraa with the pronotum centrally, the radical
callosities and the apices of the metapleurse, flavous ; all the
pleurae closely and strongly punctate ; metanotum closely and
strongly, though somewhat more coarsely, punctate. Scutellwn
flavous. Abdomen with the basal third of the first three segments,
the apex of the third more narrowly, and the aims, flavous ;
terebra longer than half the body (5 millim.). Legs rufescent,
with the anterior coxa? and trochanters flavescent ; hind tibiae
and tarsi infuscate, with a rufescent tinge, and their bases white.
Wings hyaline, with the radial and outer cubital cells apically
inf umate ; tegulae flavous and the stigma infuscate.

Length 8 millim.

CEYLON : Hatton (E. E. Green).

The figure (Zoc. cit.) shows that the vertical orbits are also pale ;
the notauli wanting ; the abdomen very narrow discally to its
centre and broadest shortly before its apex ; the hind femora not
slender ; the radius curved towards its apex, but not above the
distinctly sessile (sic) areolet ; the nervellus appears to be emitted
at, or but slightly above, the first recurrent of the hind wing,
which is figured as postfurcal.

Tribe XORIDIDES.

This tribe follows the CRYPTLN^, to which it is perhaps even
more closely related than are the preceding, in natural sequence ;
in fact it is difficult to determine where one begins and the other
terminates. Thus the more typical genera are very easily
recognised by their cubical head, curiously reticulate exo-skeleton
and entire lack of an areolet. But in Echthrus the areolet is pen-
tagonal and entire, and the abdomen petiolate as in Xyloplirurus ;

58 ICHNEUMOKID^.

Pteudeuyalta might, perhaps, be placed in closer association with
Ephialtes. Nor are the limits of the tribe well denned, since
some doubt must still be entertained respecting the position of
(Edematopsis and the allied genera, in spite of their elongate
hypopygium. Their economy, however, is now proved to be
related with the Lepidoptera, while that of the present group
would appear to be confined to the lignivorous Coleoptera, and we
must regard the records of Eatzeburg, and probably also of
Giraud, to the contrary, with suspicion. Throughout the parasitic
Hymenoptera it will be noted that the head is usually cubical
in those genera (e. g. llecabolus, Histeromerus, Cheiropaclms and
the present group), which prey upon lignivorous larvaD. With its
wealth of forests, arid the Longicorn * and Lamellicorn beetles
preying upon their timber, India will prove very rich in Xoridides,
though, unfortunately, none have yet been associated with
specified hosts.

Table of Genera.

1 (8) Areolet of the wing distinct and

entire.

2 (7) Areolet broadly sessile and pen-

tagonal.

3 (4) Front tibia? neither intumescent

nor basally constricted AOKNOKA, Cam., p. 59.

4 (8) Front tibise both intumescent

and basally constricted.

5 (6) Clypeus apically dentate ; nieta-

thoracic spiracles circular. . . . ECHTHRUS, Grav., p. 60.

6 (6) Clypeus apically rounded; meta-

thoracic spiracles linear TOUBDA, Cam., p. 01.

7 (2) Areolet petiolate and triangular;

clypeus not dentate PSEUDEUGALTA, Ashm., p. 66.

H (1) Areolet of the wing entirely

wanting.
9 (10) Tarsal claws bifid ; clypeus not

basally discreted EUGALTA, Cam., p. 70.

10 (9) Tarsal claws simple ; clypeus

basally discreted from face.

11 (12) Abdomen not impressed ; meta-

notum simple BATHYMKRIS, Cam., p. 75.

12 (11) Abdomen distinctly impressed ;

metanotal area? entire XYLONOMUS, Grav., p. 76.

* Mr. Gahiui informs me that some six hundred and fifty species of this
group of beetles hare already teen described, that about eight hundred will lie
known when the 'Fauna of India' is completed, but that he estimate* that
fully a thousand kinds inhabit India.

Genus AGENORA, Cam.
Ayenara, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1909, p. 722.

GENOTYPE, A. hirticeps, Cam.

Head cubical and densely pilose, with the temples broad and
the occiput margined ; vertex not transverse. Thorax densely
pilose, with the notauli distinctly impressed and the mesopleurse
sulcate below ; metanotum with strong areae ; basal area tri-
angular ; areola large, distinctly longer than broad, basally
rounded and apically truncate ; two large lateral areae ; spiracular
arese distinct and the petiolar entire, with a stout basal carina
throughout. Abdominal petiole elongate and slender, cylindrical
and not perceptibly explanate towards the centre, with subcentral
spiracles. Legs with front tibiae neither intumescent nor basallv
constricted, half the length of their tarsi ; front calcaria large and
broad, the posterior minute. Wings with the areolet large and
pentagonal ; basal nervure continuous through the median ;
and the nervellus intercepted shortly below its centre.

Range. N.W. India.

This genus, which I have not seen, is based upon male characters
only and " would come in near calocephalus [Cubocephalug], Katz.r
which may be known from it by the transverse median nervure
not being interstitial and by the less completely areolated meta-
notum," says Cameron (loc. cit.). 1 consider it extremely im-
probable, in view of the pentagonal areolet and slender basal
segment, that it is correctly placed in the XOKIDIDES, and I
should certainly transpose it to the CRYPTIN.^, if I could do so
from a personal knowledge of the insect.

22. Agenora hirticeps, Cam.

Agenora hirticeps, Cameron, I. c. p. 722 (d).

A black and nitidulous species, with the head and thorax
elongately white-pilose. Head with the basally broad and apically
constricted mandibles, and the palpi, flavous. Thorax immaculate,
and less than half the length of the abdomen. Scutellum large
and somewhat, though not strongly, convex. Abdomen with
recumbent white pilosity, densest on the apical segment ; basal
segment about half as loug again as the second and covered with
subelongate, erect, white pilosity. Legs : anterior pair fulvous,
basally tlavous ; hind legs black, with their coxae and femora red,
their tibiae basally curved and constricted. Wings hyaline, with
the stigma and nervures black ; tegulae flavous.

Length 9 millim.

Captured by Lieut.-Col. Nurse in August, probably in the
neighbourhood of Simla in 1898, but not now in his collection and
unknown to me.

60 JCHNEDMONIDJE.

Genus ECHTHRTJS, Grav.
Echthnit, Graveuhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 861.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon reluctator, L.

Head subcubical and rectangular ; clypeus short and discrete,
with an apical lainelliform projection ; eyes oval and prominent.
Antennae normal or slender, filiform, usually white-banded and
.always with the apices of the slender flagellar joints subincrassate.
Thorax cylindrical and not short; notauli distinct, mesosternal
sulci entire ; metathorax rugose, with the areae more or less, and
the petiolar area, entire ; spiracles small and subcircular. Scutellum
slightly convex, triangular and apically obtuse. Abdomen stout,
elongate, subpetiolate and convex, nearly parallel-sided in c? >
shorter and oblong-ovate in $ ; basal segment narrower than the
following and shallovvly canaliculate, with the petiole stout and
gradually constricted basally ; postpetiole longer than broad, and
in $ apically dilated, slightly longer and a little broader than
the petiole; abdomen nearly smooth; terebra about as long as
the abdomen or body, and emitted from a ventral fold. Legs not
short ; front tibia), especially in $ , inflated and sharply constricted
basally; fourth tarsal joint bilobed ; claws simple. Wings some-
what ample and usually clouded ; nervures strong, areolet large
and pentagonal.

Range. North "West Europe, Sikkim, United States, Canada,
Vancouver, Japan.

Eatzeburg thought this genus hardly distinct from Xorides, but
Taschenberg calls attention to the similarity of theantennal joints
to those of Cryptws and of the shape of the thorax to that of
Ephialtes. Thomson (Opusc. Ent. viii, p. 776) says that this genus
forms a connecting link between the CRYPTIN.T: and the present
subfamily, from all the other genera of which, except Torbda, the
pentagonal areolet, entire mesopleural sulci and petiolar area,
inflated front tibi,«e of $ and bilobed fourth tarsal joint, will dis-
tinguish it. His Macrocryptus (Xylophrurus, Forst.) was erected
for the reception of E. lancifer, Grav., which was placed among
the CBTFTINJ (op. cit. v, p. 486) on account of its hardly bor-
dered petiole, the spiracles of which are further behind the
centre (cf. Ichu. Brit, ii, p. 326, et iii, p. 3).

23. Echthrus maculiscutis, Cam.

Echthrwt maculiscutis, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 94 ( $>).

A black species, with profuse citrinous markings. Head with
the face, except a central mark, and the clypeus citrinous, some-
what strongly and sparsely punctate ; labrum, a basal mandibular
mark, palpi and nearly the whole of the orbits, citrinous ; upper
half of frons not very strongly, but closely and regularly, punctate.
Thorax black, with the base of the prothorax, an irregular line at

ECHTHRUS. — TORBDA. 61

the apex of the prouottim, the radical callosities, marks between
both base and apex of the- notauli, the mesopleurse below and
mesosternal marks, large curved marks on the metapleurse and a tri-
lobate one in the petiolar area, citrinous ; mesonotum strongly and
closely punctate, more closely between the notauli ; metanotum
very strongly punctate; pleura closely punctate, becoming stronger
apically, with the propleune centrally striate. Scutellum not very
closely punctate, broadly at its sides and apex, and the post-
scuteilum entirely citrinous. Abdomen closely punctate, strongly
at the base, but more finely towards the anus ; apices of the seg-
ments broadly citrinous and dilated laterally ; venter, except
basally, and the sides of the second and third segments broadly
paler ; terebra less than halt' the length of the body (5 millim.).
Legs : anterior pairs flavous, with the tarsi and, to a less extent,
their tibiae iufuscate above ; hind femora and tibiae fulvous, with
the apices of both black, their tarsi and coxa? flavous, with a large
black apical mark on the latter. Wings hyaline, with the stigma
and nervures black ; areolet small, longer than broad, centrally
sinuate at the emission of the recurrent nervure ; nervelet dis-
tinct ; upper basal nervure emitted from the median behind the
lower ; first recurrent of the hind wings intercepted shortly above-
the centre.

Length 14 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. C.T. Bingliam).

Genus TORBDA, Cam.
Torbda, Cameron, Entomologist, 1902, p. 18.
GENOTYPE, T. yeniculata, Cam.

Head cubical, broadly developed behind the large and parallel
eyes ; occiput broadly incised and distinctly, though not sharply,
margined ; cheeks elongate ; clypeus not distinctly discrete,
apically not produced, but transverse and often obliquely de-
riexed ; labrum elongately prominent ; mandibles stout and apically
bidentate. Antennae stout and elongate, with the second and
third joints of equal length. Thorax with the pronotum centrally
tuberculate ; notauli apically distinct ; mesosternum indistinctly
sulcate laterally in front ; metathorax large and posteriorly
rounded, with but a single basal transverse carina ; spiracles linear
arid not elongate. Scutellum large, subdeplanate and apically
rounded ; its basal carinse incrassate. Petiole stout and basally
constricted, its spiracles nearly central ; penultimate (i. e. 7th)
segment strongly developed and nearly as long as the four pre-
ceding united ; the apical distinctly longer laterally than the pen-
ultimate, with its apex deplanate and obviously discrete ; terebra
about half the length of the body. Legs both stout and elongate ;
tarsi densely spinose, with the front ones longer than their dis-
tinctly basally constricted tibias ; claws simple ; hind coxaa large

62 ICHJfEUMOXID-E.

and about thrice as long as broad., Areolet pentagonal, large,
longer than broad, slightly convergent above and angled at the
reception of the second recurrent nervure ; nervelet wanting ;
nervellus centrally intercepted.

Mange. Assam.

The position of this genus rests entirely upon the situation of
the petiolar spiracles, which was not very clearly described by its
author ; if they be central it is a Pimplid, if beyond the centre it
is a Cryptid. In its cubical head, indistinctly suicate mesosternum,
elongate legs, constricted front tibiae and simple claws it agrees
with EchtJirus, which is the only other genus in the PIMPLIN.E
possessing a pentagonal areolet, but it is easily differentiated from
that genus by the indistinctly discrete clypeus, which is not
centrally produced, the tuberculate pronotum, linear metathoracic
spiracles, stout antennae, and especially by the abnormally de-
veloped penultimate abdominal segment. Its author remarks (he.
cit.): — "I am not quite certain as to the exact location of this
genus. It has some affinity with the CKYPTIXA. The position of
the spiracles on the petiole separates it from the CBYPTINA. The
verv large hypopygium is somewhat as in ACJEXITJNI, but it cannot
be referred to any of the described genera in that group. The
depressed clvpeus in some of the species is similar to what it is
in the XOKIDINI, and they have some relationship to Echthrus.
Probably the natural position of Torlda is with the Xorides. The
species are very large and handsome — among the largest of the
ICHNEUMoxiDJE/' An examination of the types of all the known
species enables me to place it close to Nyxeopliilus, Forst. (nee
Thorns.), though it is not synonymous therewith.

Talle of 'Species.

1 (8) Black, with -white markings; legs ful-
vous, witli black and white markings.

'2 (7) Postscutellum convex and not excavate;
wings evenly infumate.

3 (6) Hind femora and tibiae mainly fulvous.

4 (5) Scutellum apically white ; hind legs [p. 63.

marked with black yenieulata, Cam.,

•o (4) Scutellum mainly white ; hind femora [p. 63.

and tibia; immaculate riolaceipennis, Cam.,

6 (3) Hind femora and tibire mainly black . . femorata, Cam.,

7 (2) Postscutellum broadly excavate ; wings [p. 63.

fasciated , . maculipennis, Cam.,

8 (1) Fulvous, with black markings ; legs fer- [p. 64.

ruginpus, sometimes with sparse black
markings.

9 (10) All segments with a basal black fascia;

wings aeneous fulyidipennis, Cam.,

10 (9) Apical half of abdomen entirely black ; [p. 65.

wings fulvescent apicalis, Cam., p. 65.

63

24. Torbda geniculata, Cam.

Torbda geniculata, Cameron,* Entoru. 1902, p. 19 ( § ).

Black ; head, thorax, and abdomen marked with whitish ;
scutellum black, with its apex alone white ; legs fulvous, with
trochanters, apices of femora and of the hind tibiae broadly black ;
coxae white, black-marked ; wings evenly subfulvescent hyaline
throughout, with the nervures and stigma black.

Length 25 millim. ; terebra 13 rnillhn.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

At once known by its large size, flavous segmental apices, with
sides of the seventh segment concolorous, its mainly black body
(in which it differs from the last two species), mainly black
scutellum and black hind knees, by which it may be distinguished
from all the following.

25. Torbda violaceipennis, Cam.

Torbda violaceipennis, Cameron,* Entom. 1902, p. 19 ( $).

Black ; face, orbits t and scutellum broadly, and thorax marked
with white ; legs fulvous, with coxae black, marked with white ;
wings evenly violescent throughout, with the uervures and stigma
black.

Length 25 millim. ; terebra 10 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Kotlmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

Extremely like the above species and possibly a form of it, though
differing in having the wings more strongly iufumate, with the
nreolet narrower, the cubital nervure more strongly sinuate, the
lower basal nervure but slightly antefurcal, the seventh segment
subimmaculate, the hind femora and tibiae paler and with no black
markings, and the scutellum nearly entirely flavous.

26. Torbda femorata, Cam.

Torbda femorata, Cameron,* Entom. 1902, p. 19 ( 5 ).

Black, broadly marked with white ; legs fulvous, with coxae and
trochanters white ; hind coxae, femora and apical half of tibiae
black; hind tarsi white, basally black; wings evenly infuscate-
hyaline throughout, with the nervures and stigma black.

Length 22 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

The only known male of this genus and very much more
slender than any of the females, among which it might be

64 ICHNEUMONIDJC.

thought to represent the alternate sex of T. geniculata, with
which the ueuration exactly coincides, were it not that the hind

Fig. 13.—Torbda femorata, Cam.

femora are nearly entirely black and the abdomen entirely
rufescent ochraceous from near base of the fourth segment, with
the apices of the basal ones concolorous.

27. Torbda maculipennis, Cam.

Torbda maculipennis, Cameron,* Entom. 1902, p. 19 ( $ ).

Black ; head, thorax, and abdomen marked with white ; legs
fulvous, with front coxae white; posterior coxae black, basallv
white ; wings hyaline, with the stigma and nervures black; front
wings with a fascia at base of the subdiscoidal nervure ; areolet
smaller than in the preceding species, and emitting the second re-
current nervure from its centre; cubital nervure roundly curved and
not straight basally, oblique and parallel with the basal nervure.

Lenyth 14 millim. ; terebra 6-7 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Itothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

At once known from the following by its lack of fulvous
coloration, and from all the foregoing by the entirely stramineous
metathoracic apex and the remarkable infumescence at the base of
the anal cell of the front wings, a position at which I have met
with it in no other ICHNEUMONID.E ; the legs are clear fulvous,
with only the coxae stramineous and black ; the apices of the two
basal segments are broadly, and of the remainder very narrowly,
pale, and the pygidium is very large.

TOKBDA. €5

28. Torbda fulgidipennis, Cam. (Plate I, fig. 2.)
Torbda fulgidipennis, Cameron,* Entom. 1902, p. 19 ( 5 ).

Ferruginous, with the thorax and abdomen marked with black
clypeus distinctly discrete ; basal half of petiole distinctly nar-
rowed ; petiole sharply marginate above and below ; apical seg-
ment with a small triangular depression in its centre, whence an
obscure sulcus runs obliquely down either side ; abdominal seg-
ments lined with black at the base only : legs ferruginous, with
the posterior coxse marked with black. Wings fulvescent, with
the stigma fulvous and the nervures black ; recurrent nervure
emitted from apical third of areolet ; lower part of cubital nervure
basally straight, oblique and parallel with the basal nervure.

Length 27 millim. ; terebra 13 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey}.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

A magnificent dark fulvous species, with deep fulvescent wings,
45 millim. in expanse ; the areolet twice as broad as long and
emitting the recurrent nervure nearer its apex than in the pre-
ceding species ; the apical half of the inner cubitus is distinctly
sinuate and the basal metanotal trans-carina strong ; the black
apices of both the fulvous antenna? and terebra are conspicuous.

29. Torbda apicalis, Cam.

Torbda apicalis, Cameron,* Entom. 1902, p. 19 ( £).

Ferruginous ; thoracic marks, apices of antenna) broadly, anus
and terebra black ; clypeus distinctly discrete ; basal half of
petiole distinctly narrowed ; petiole sharply marginate above and
below ; third and following abdominal segments deep black; apical
dorsal segment with an elongate longitudinal discal impression.
Wings violaceo-hyaline, basally paler; stigma and nervures black;
recurrent nervure emitted from apical third of stigma ; lower part
of cubital nervure basally straight, oblique and parallel with the
basal nervure.

Length 18 millim. ; terebra 11 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Itothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

Eemarkably similar to the last species, of which I should regard
it as a variety were it not that the apophyses are distinctly pro-
minent ; in other respects it differs only in its smaller size, im-
maculate fulvous hind coxa?, the paler wings, the entirely black
terebra and abdomen from base of third segment, the black stigma
and hardly sinuate apical half of inner cubital cell.

06

Genus PSEUDEUGALTA, Ashm.

Pteudeugalta, Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii, 1900, p. 55.
Xaliena, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1900, p. 101.

GENOTYPE, Eugalta spinosa, Cam.

Eyes large and not apically convergent nor internally emar-
giuate, upper orbits margined, nearly reaching base of the large
apically truncate and unidentate mandibles ; clypeus not separated
from face ; temples neither flat nor oblique ; ocelli large and
prominent. Prothorax not produced into a neck ; mesonotum
centrally reticulate at the apex, with the notauli deeply impressed ;
metathorax elongate and gradually rounded at the apex, irregularly
trans-striate, with no areoe, but with a shallow central furrow on
the basal three-fourths; spiracles subcentral, small, oval or almost
circular. Abdomen smooth, with the segments not much broader
than long ; basal longer than second segment, gradually explanate
towards its apex ; gastrocoeli of the second distinct ; terebra
elongate, longer than half the body, emitted from a ventral fold.
Legs elongate and slender, with the coxae large and elongate ;
hind tarsi nearly as long as their tibiae, large, elongate, with their
claws curved and more slender than the shorter and stout central
lobes, which are wanting on the external hind claw only. Wings
with an areolet ; median nervure of hind wings entire to base.

Range. India, Philippine Islands.

This genus was split off by Ashmead from Eur/alta for the re-
ception of those species of the latter with the alar areolet entire,
and no other points of distinction are claimed for it.*

Table of Species.

1 (4) Thorax partly red ; scutellum and hind

femora black.

2 (3) Head posteriorly broad ; areolet hardly

petiolate spinosa, Cam., p. 67.

3 (2) Head posteriorly narrow ; areolet

petiolate moloch, sp. n., p. 68.

4 (1) Thorax not red-marked; scutellum

pale ; hind femora mainly fulvous.
•"> (6) Mesonotum glabrous ; hind tibiae

apically black nigricollis, Cam., p. 69.

G (o) Mesonotum punctate ; hind tibiae

apicnlly white punctulata, Cam., p. 69.

* To this genus belongs the Philippine Pimpla furcifcra, Bingham (Ann.
Xat. Hist, xvi, 1895, p. 445), as I am enabled to state from an examination of
the typical <$ in the British Museum. It is quite distinct from Euxoides,
Cresson (Trans. Amer. Eut. Soc. 1870, p. 167, = Calliclisis, Forst). and may
constitute the alternate sex otPseudeugaltapiinctulata, Cam., though the central
segments and scutellum are subglabrous. the mesonptum much more sparsely
punctate and the hind femora are discally rayed with bkck, but without any
black at the apex.

PSEUDETJGALTA.

30. Pseudeugalta spinosa, Cam.

Eugalta spinosa, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 139 ( $ ).

Head plumbeous black, with the face, inner orbits to ocelli, outer
orbits at their lower two-thirds and the palpi, flavous ; frons and
vertex smooth, impunctate and subglabrous ; postocular orbits
red-marked ; face and clypeus
smooth, the former nitidulous
and sparsely infuscate-pilose, the
latter rufescent, with its apical
two-thirds depressed, the apex
laterally rounded and centrally
broadly excavate ; mandibles-
black, with the base red. An-
tennce black, with 'a broad 12-
jointed band beyond the centre
white ; scape black beneath, with
fulvous pile ; flagellum densely
and obscurely pubescent. Thorax-
dark red, with most of the pro-
pleurae, base of the mesonotum,
the metanotuni and the apical
half of the metapleurae, black;
Fig. 14.— Pseudeugalta spinosa, Cam. meson otum closely punctate and
densely infuscate-pilose, with the

sides of the raised apical lobe irregularly striate and the depressed
basal part transversely striate ; propleurae glabrous and nitidulous,
punctate above ; mesopleurse closely, the callosities coarsely,
punctate, the base strongly striate above and the apex centrally
glabrous; mesosternum shining, with elongate white pilosity;
metapleurae rugosely punctate, becoming reticulate apically and
beneath the radices. Scutellum and postscutellum punctate, the
former with elongate infuscate pilosity and the latter apically sub-
glabrous, with neither its base depressed nor sides margined ;
lateral scutellar foveae strongly striolate. Abdomen black, with all
the segmental apices and base of the petiole flavous ; first segment
basally rugose and apically smooth, with a curved, basally broad and
apically acuminate spine near its base below ; remaining segments
closely punctate ; terebra reflexed and a little longer than the
abdomen, with the valvulse densely and shortly black-pilose. Legs
stramineous, with the anterior coxae and femora black-lined ; hind
coxae above, trochanterellus, femora and apical half of their tibiae,
black ; hind calcaria and tarsi pure white, the two apical jointa
of the latter infuscate. Wings fulvescent hyaline ; stigma and
nervures black ; areolet small and subpetiolate, emitting the
recurrent nervure at its apical third.
Length 19 millim.

ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Rothney, type); SIKKIM, iv.91 (Binrj-
Tiani).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This species " agrees closely in coloration with Eugalta albitarsts,
but differs in having the median segment [metathorax] entirely
black, in the complete areolet, in the base of the postscutellmn
being rounded, not depressed, and with the sides margined, in the
medfan segment not being furrowed at the base, in the base of the
petiole being broadly white, and in having on its underside, near
the base, a curved sharp tooth " (Cameron, loc. cit.).

To the above description I will add that the head is buccate and
wosteriorly hardly narrower than the internally subparallel, and
not at all emarginate, eyes ; that the metanotum is evenly and
strongly rugose throughout, with no trace of areas, and apically
produced on either side of the petiole, its spiracles being minute
and distinctly oval ; the hypopygium does not extend to the base
of the terebra ; the subpetiolar spine is reduced, in the $ I have
examined, to little more than a tubercle (it is part of the ventral
plication, and doubtless varies in desiccation) ; and the second
recurrent nervure of the lower wings is very strongly postfurcal
and intercepted at its upper fifth.

31. Pseudeugalta moloch, sp. n.

£ . A black and slender species, with the legs mainly ochraceous,
prothorax flavous and wings apically infumate. Head unusually
narrow and not bordered behind the internally entire eyes ; face
laterally glabrous and flavous, centrally strongly punctate and
longitudinally subelevated ; frons more narrowly flavous and very
sparsely punctate ; clypeus flavous and deplanate, centrally sub-
impressed and apically rounded ; mandibles and cheeks flavous.
Antenna? slender, nearly filiform and but slightly shorter than the
body, rufesceut throughout, with the very deeply excised scape
flavous beneath and basally infuscate above. Thorax cylindrical
and discally subdeplanate, black, with the prothorax, very short
lines before tegulae and two beneath each hind wing, flavous :
mesonotum strongly punctate and dull, with but obsolete notauli ;
metathorax evenly punctate throughout to the apex, with no trace
•of areae, the lateral carinae only apically strong, and the spiracles
transverse-linear. Scutellum black and nitidulous. Abdomen very
slender, dull and shagreened, black, with the base of the segments
indefinitely rufescent ; basal half of the elongate and subnitidulous
first segment ochraceous : terebra (11 millim.) a little longer than
the apically subcompressed abdomen (9 millim.), with the valvulae
very slender and hardly pilose. Legs strongly elongate and dull
flavous, with the hind femora, their coxae (except busally), the
apices (broadly) and extreme base (very narrowly) of the hind
tibiae, with their calcaria and the extreme base of their tarsi,
black. Wings somewhat strongly flavescent, with the apices of
the anterior* pair definitely infumate; radius not arcuate above
the elongately petiolate areolet ; basal nervure continuous

PSEUDEUGALTA.

through the median; nervellus postfurcal and intercepted at its
centre.

Length 15 millim.

BUBMA : Karen Hills, 3000-3700 ft. (L. Pea).

Type in the Genoa Museum.

Very like a small P. spinosa but differing therefrom in the nar-
rower head, flagellar coloration, longer terebra, and infuscate
wings, with straight radius above the petiolate areolet. Its
coloration is very similar to that of Euyalta linearis. The alar
intumescence is unique in the genus. I have seen only the type
specimen.

32. Pseudeugalta nigricollis, Cam.

Eugalta nigricollis, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 141 (tf ).

Head black, with the obscurely punctate and shortly white-
pilose face, and a triangular mark between the antennae, flavous ;
clypeus and mandibles black, the former smooth and apically
roundly curved. Thorax plumbeous black and immaculate ;
mesonotum glabrous arid nitidulous, with the impressed base
bearing four earinaa on either side ; pro- and meso-pleurse smooth
and shining, impuuctate and sparsely pale-pilose ; metathorax
closely and uniformly reticulate, with dense and elongate white
pilosity ; metapleuraa above strongly, and below closely, reticulate-
punctate. Scutellum flavous and subrugulose, with dense and
elongate white pilosity ; postscutellum glabrous. Abdomen glabrous
and shining, black, with the apices of all the segments narrowly,
and base of the first broadly, stramineous. Legs stramineous,
with the anterior coxa3 partly black ; hind legs fulvescent, with
the apical half of their trochanters, of their femora and of their
tibiae, black. Wings hyaline, with the nervures of the basal part
black and those of the apical, like the stigma, testaceous ; areolet *
oblique, shortly petiolate and emitting the recurrent nervure from
its apical third ; tegulae flavous.

Length 15 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum ; antenna? missing.

33. Pseudeugalta punctulata, Cam.

Eufialta punctulata, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 142 ($).
Baliena leptopus, Cameron,* op. cit. 1900, p. 102 ( $ ).

Head black, with the face and palpi flavous, and clypeus tes-
taceous ; face nitidulous, obsoletely punctate and elongately pale
pilose, centrally prominent ; clypeus with a broad elevated and
semicircular basal border, centrally excavate ; mandibles black and

Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 142, line 15, for " petiole " read " areolet."

70 ICHNEUMONID.E.

basally piceous ; frons impressed, with the inner orbits margined,
the outer acutely elevated and obliquely strigose above. Antennae
black, with the scape beneath, and a 14-joiuted central band,
stramineous. Thorax black, with the callosities and an apical
mesopleural line flavous ; mesonotum strongly and closely punc-
tate, propleurae smooth and shining with the lower part flavous ;
mesopleurae shagreened, closely and finely punctate near the
radices ; mesosternum im punctate ; metathorax evenly scabri-
culous, with no indication of areae above, laterally more closely,
centrally coarsely sculptured. Scutellum strongly and closely
punctate, with dense infuscate pilosity, white, with its base black;
postscutellum black and stibglabrous. Abdomen black, with the
apices of all the segments narrowly, and base of the first broadly,
stramineous ; first segment smooth, with its centre obscurely
shagreened ; the two following closely and distinctly punctate,
with the remainder subglabrous ; gastrocceli obsolete, not deeply
impressed, and closely punctate ; basal ventral segment flavescent
at both extremities, with a stout and centrally rounded basal
tooth ; terebra slightly longer than the abdomen. Legs flavous ;
the anterior with lines on the coxae and whole of tarsi, except
basal joint of front pair, black ; hind legs black, with marks on
coxae and trochanters, the hind tarsi except the two apical joints,
the apical third and the base of the tibiae, white ; and their femora,
except at apex, fulvous. Wings hyaline and iridescent, with the
costa and basal nervures black, the apical and the stigma infus-
cate ; areolet small, oblique and subsessile, emitting the recurrent
nervure from its apical third.

Length 12-19 millira. c? £ .

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney, type) ; Chandkhira, Sylhet
(J. L. SherweU) ; SIKKIM (Bingham) ; TENASS'EBIM : Mergui
(IF. Doherty—lnd. Mus.).

Type in the Oxford Museum, also that of B. leptopus • they are
unquestionably conspecific.

This female " comes nearer to Eugalta nigricollis, but is smaller,
and has the raesouotum distinctly punctured ; the clypeus semi-
circularly depressed at the apex ; the petiole shorter ;'the second
segment closely and rather strongly punctured ; the hinder tibiae
bbck, broadly yellow at the base and apex" (Cameron, Inc. cit.\

Genus EUGALTA, Cam.
Eugalta, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 135.

GENOTYPE, E. strigosa, Cam.

Eyes large and not apically convergent, upper orbits margined,
nearly reaching the base of the large and unidentate mandibles ;
clypeus not discrete from the face; temples neither flat nor
-oblique; ocelli large and prominent. Prothorax not produced
into a neck ; mesouotum centrally reticulate at the apex, with the
notauli deeply impressed ; metathorax elongate and gradually
rounded to its apex ; spiracles subcentral, small, oval or almost

EUGALTA. 71

circular. Abdomen smooth, with the segments not much broader
than long ; basal longer than second segment, gradually dilated
towards its apex; gastrocoeli of the second segment distinct:
terebra elongate, longer than halt' the body, emitted from a ventral
fold. Legs long and slender, with the coxae large and elongate ;
hind tarsi nearly as long as their tibiae, large, elongate, with their
claws curved and more slender than the shorter and stout central
lobe. Wings with no areolet.

Ranfje. Assam, Sikkim.

This genus originally included species both with and without
an areolet, but Ashmead in 1900 erected a new genus, Pseud-
eugalta, for the reception of the former group, and although it is
characterised by no other distinctions, it appears of sufficient
importance to be accorded generic rank. Cameron says of his
genus (sensu lato) that it " is nearly allied to llhyssa [which has an
areolet] and Epirhyssa [which has not], which differ from it in
the transversely striated mesonotum, in the shorter metathorax,
in the mandibles being bidentate, in the shorter petiole, which has
the spiracles placed much nearer the base, and in the longer
hinder tarei, which are distinctly longer than the tibiae." It is
very closely allied to, and has much the facies of, the well-known
European genus Poemenia, Holmg., from which it mainly differs
in its unidentate mandibles (cf. Zeits. Hym. Dipt. 1908, p. 174)
and very curiously dentate tarsal claws, all of which are distinctly-
bidentate, apically and centrally, except the external hind one,
where the central tooth is wanting and the apical more acutely
angled.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Thorax mainly red; metanotum ex-

cavate strigosa, Cam., p. 71.

2 (1) Thorax without red markings ; ineta-

notum not excavate.

3 (4) Third aud fourth segments black albitarsis, Cam., p. 72.

4 (3) Third and fourth segments with pale

bands.

5 (G) Scutellum black ; fifth abdominal

segment normal linearis, sp. n., p. 73.

G (o) Scutellum flavous ; fifth segment api-
cally emarginate vittata, sp. n., p 74,

34. Eugalta strigosa, Cam.

Eugalta strigosa, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 136 (5).

A beautiful black species, with the thorax red, the face and
flagellar band and the legs mostly white. Head black, with the
face and clypeus white, stronglv punctate and sparsely clothed
with elongate infuscate pilosity. the latter broadly impressed
centrally and the palpi white ; frons glabrous and subconcave ;
orbits acutely margined internally ; vertex strongly punctate
laterally above ; occiput acutely margined above, centrally elevated

72 ICHNEUMOXID.*;.

and closely punctate. Antennae black, with the flagellum basally
beneath, and centrally broadly, white. Thorax rufescent, elongate
and thrice as long as the head, with infuscate discal and elongate
white lateral pubescence ; mesonotum closely punctate, with the
bordering furrows crenulate and the lateral lobes strongly punc-
tate ; central lobe small, triangular and not constricted apically,
stoutly reticulate to near its apex, where it is trans-strigose and
circularly elevated ; propleurae glabrous, with the base punctate
near the radices and purplish below ; prosternum flavidous ; meso-
pleurae punctate, centrally glabrous and narrowly canaliculate,
with a broad oblique furrow below the radices ; metathorax large,
irregularly transversely striate, with a longitudinal shallow furrow
on the basal three-fourths ; petiolar area pale flavous and with a
transverse basal carina ; metapleura rugosely punctate. Scutellum
punctate and irregularly reticulate centrally, apically dull flavous,
with its border margined on the lower side ; postscutellum
coarsely punctate, basally glabrous, oblique and rufescent, the
remainder pale flavous. Abdomen black, with the extreme seg-
mental apices white, broader centrally ; first segment trans-
strigose, more strongly so on the basal half, with the apical centrally
canaliculate and laterally punctate at the apex ; second segment
with the gastrocoali glabrous and deeply impressed, strongly
punctate, the third more finely so ; the remainder shagreened
and the third segment narrowly impressed laterally ; terebra
exactly as long as the body. Legs stramineous, with all the coxae
and femora black-marked ; hind femora nearly entirely, their
trochanters above, and tibire with fully the apical half, black ;
hind tarsi entirely, and nearly the basal half of their tibia;,
•white. Wings hyaline, with a subfulvescent tinge, and the
nervures and stigma black ; the recurrent nervure is received
about its length in front of the transverse cubital.

Length 20 milliin.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Eothney\

Type in the Oxford Museum.

35. Eugalta albitarsis, Cam.

Eugalta albitarsis, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 138 ($).

A black species, with a broad flagellar band, the tegulae, coxa?,
and tarsi white, and the hind legs partly red. Head black, with
the face and palpi stramineous, and the apically rounded and
centrally impressed clypeus piceous ; frons and vertex subglabrous,
nitidulous and plumbeous black ; inner orbits distinctly margined
above; face with elongate white, and clypeus with denser and
longer pale fulvous, pilosity. Antennae with the ninth to seven-
teenth joints white, and the scape beneath pale fulvous. Thorax
black, with its lower edge white ; mesonotum closely and rather
strongly punctate, its base centrally depressed and trans-strigose ;
mesopleura closely punctate, with a longitudinal impression
beneath the radices, a perpendicular central one, and a broader
oblique one nearer the depressed and crenulate apex ; metathorax

EUGALTA.

closely and evenly reticulate, with sparse and infuscate pilosity ;
metapleurse closely reticulate, basally deeply canaliculate below.
Scutellum and postscutelluin closely punctate, the latter but
slightly depressed basally, with the depression strongly striate
laterally. Abdomen black, with the base and apex of the first,
sides of the second apically, apex of the fifth and sixth narrowly,
and of the seventh segment broadly, flavous ; petiole trans-rugose,
second segment strongly and closely punctate ; second to fourth
ventral segments testaceous; terebra 0 millim. Legs black, with
the front coxaa anteriorly, and the anterior femora and tibiae,
white ; intermediate coxae white, except laterally at the apex ;
hind legs fulvous, with tibise and tarsi paler ; their coxae broadly
in the centre, apical three-fourths of their femora and most of
their tibiaB, base of the former and apex of their trochanters, black ;
apical tarsal joint infuscate. Wings hyaline and iridescent with
the nervures and stigma black ; radix and teguta white.

Length 11 millim,

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey*).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

36. Eugalta linearis, sp. n.

d1 $ . A black and white species, with tho scutellum immaculate
and the femora alone rufescent. Head black, subcubical, and
posteriorly as broad as the entire eyes ; vertex broad and glabrous,
with a few isolated punctures ; occiput distinctly bordered above ;
palpi and face to above the an-
tennae flavous, latter obsoletely
punctate; clypeus and the obso-
lete cheeks ferruginous, mandibles
black. Antennae filiform and
slender, with the basal joints
strongly elongate, black, with a
ten-jointed central band and the
scape beneath white. Thorax
black, with the prothorax, a large
callosity before and beneath the
radix, and the entire apex of
the mesopleurae narrowly, white ;
mesonotum densely and irregu-
larly punctate, metathorax evenly
scabriculous, with no trace of
areae ; spiracles oval and minute.
Scutellum deplanate, nitidulous,
sparsely and feebly punctate, en-
tirely black. Abdomen sublinear
and dull, with all the segments,
with the exception of their flavous
apices and the flavous base of
the first, distinctly and finely punctate ; basal segment centrally
scabriculous ; terebra straight, slightly longer than the body,

Fig. Ib.—Eugalia linearis, Mori.

74 1CIIK4SUMONID/E.

slender, with the valvulae cbsoletely pilose. Leys flavous, with
the anterior coxa) and trochanters aud most oi' their tarsi in-
fuscate ; hind coxa3 and trochanters (except at base), apices
of tibia? and femora and tarsi, nigrescent; hind tibiae sinuate
before the base, the front ones with five ferruginous internal
spines and a pectiniform row at the apex. Wings hyaline, with
the radix and tegula) white; costa and stigma piceous; radius
hardly curved; areolet entirely wanting; second recurrent of
lower wings very strongly postfurcal, emitting the nerveilus from
its upper fifth.

Length 13-14 millim.

This species is much smaller than the broadly red E. strigosa
and has no metanotal impression ; it is more closely allied to
»V. albitarsis, but all the abdominal segments are apicallv white,
the petiole is not trans-rugose, only the apices of the hind femora
are nigrescent, and the terebra is fully as long as the body. The
abdomen of the d1 is distinctly compressed.

SIKKIM (Bingham, type). ASSAM : Mahjain, Khasi Hills, 1000-
3000 ft., v. 1905 (Pusa coll.).

Type in the British Museum.

The 2 in the Pusa collection has the central rnesonotal lobe
laterally pale in front. A mutilated female in the [National Col-
lection, from the Northern Khasi Hills, has the terebra shorter
than the abdomen, but I cannot satisfy myself that it is not
broken.

37. Eugalta vittata, sp. n.

$ . A black and white species, with the scutellum entirely pale
and the femora alone rufescent ; terebra reflexed and distinctly
longer than the body.

Length 15 millim.

This species is so closely allied to E. line-arts as to need no
detailed description ; therefrom it may at once be known by its
slightly larger and distinctly stouter conformation ; the immaculate
black scape; broadly white frontal orbits and two discal mesonotal
vittae ; the evenly and closely punctate rnetathorax, which is not
at all scabriculous ; bright flavous scutellum and postscutellum ;
the broader stramineous apices of all the abdominal segments, of
which the first is basally immaculate and the fifth apically strongly
eraarginate ; the strongly reflexed terebra, which is fully a sixth
longer than the whole body ; the entirely immaculate trochanters
and anterior coxae; the hind coxae black, with only the bas<?
broadly stramineous above, whereas in E. linearis they are stra-
mineous with the upper side (except basally) black ; by the extreme
base of the hind tibiae being abruptly black, and only the apical
half of their last tarsal joint black ; and by the radial nervure of
the^hind wing being distinctly shorter before the second recurrent.

Irom all other species of this genus it is instantly known by
the much greater space between the reception by the median

BATHYMEUIS.

nervure of the upper and lower basal nervures, which in this one
only are not, subcontinuous.

SIKKIM, iv. 91 (Binyham),

Type in the British Museum.

Genus BATHYMEEIS, Cam.
Bathymeris, Cameron, Entomologist, 1906, p. 251.

GEXOIYPE, B. lonyipes, Cam.

Head acutely dilated behind the internally parallel eyes ; rnan-
clibles of unequal length ; clypeus laterally bordered by a deeply
impressed triangular sulcus and by a narrower one above, basally
broadly impressed. Antennae of normal length, with their apical
joints subserrate and transverse. Metathorax elongate, of equal
width and closely reticulate throughout. Abdomen with no
transverse or oblique impressions ; first segment elongate and
basally half its apical breadth ; second longer than broad ; third
q uadrate and the remainder transverse ; abdomen elongate, narrower
than the thorax and apically attenuate. Legs long and slender.
Wings with no areolet, the second recurrent of the fore wing
partly pellucid, and the first of the hind wing intercepted far
above the centre.

Range. Sikkim, Burma.

This genus is said by its author to be closely related to Xorides,
but to differ therefrom in its parallel-sided face and unequal
mandibles, which are apically edentate and obtusely rounded. It
would also appear to approach Xylonomus in the facial conforma-
tion, but the height at which the nervellus intercepts will render
it distinct. Of the European genera, Pcemenia appears to run
very close and to be distinguished from Bathymeris by little but
the length of the third and fourth segments.

38. Bathymeris longipes, Cam.

Bathymeris longipes, Cameron,* Entom. 1906, p. 251 (§)•

A black species with profuse flavous markings. Head black and
glabrous, with the cheeks alone white-pilose ; face flavous ; the
two basal ocelli as far from each other as from the eyes. Antennae
with the flagellum closely and obsoletely pilose, its basal joint dis-
tinctly shorter than the second. Thorax black, with a line on
the lower part of the smooth and finely acicnlate propleura3, the
large and strigose mesopleural callosities, and an elongate line
beneath the hind radices, flavous ; mesonotum closely and finely
punctate, with the notauli and basal impression densely aci-
culate ; metathorax more closely reticulate discally. ScuteUum
and postscutellum much more coarsely punctate than the meso-
notum, immaculate. Abdomen black, with the base of the first

76 ICHKEUMO3TID-S.

segment, and apices of the remainder more narrowly, flavous ;
the three basal segments, except at their apices, closely and hnely
punctate ; terebra slightly longer than half the body (9 imllim.).
Legs pale flavous, with the hind femora fulvescent ; hind legs
with the apices of all the joints black ; hind coxae four times as

Fig. 1G. — Bathymerislongipcs, Cam.

long as broad and extending to the centre of the second seg-
ment. Winyg hyaline, with the nervures and stigma black.

length 17 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. C. T. Binqliam, type). BURMA: Karen Hills,
3000-3700 ft., vi. 1888 (L. Fea— Genoa Mus.).

Type in the British Museum.

Genus XYLONOMUS, Grav.

Xylonomus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 819.

GENOTYPE, Iclnuumon prascatorius, F.

Abdomen subsessile, deplanate and basally scabrous ; areolet
wanting ; legs and terebra normal. Head short, subtrausverse or
subglobose, with the face quadrate and not narrowed towards the
mouth ; clypeus very short, subcircular, basally discrete, often
strongly depressed, and remote from the orbiculate-oval and
somewhat small eyes ; genal costa inflexed towards the base of the
peristoiniuin ; mandibles small, straight, subconical and triangular,
apically subentire ; palpi elongate, setaceous and pubescent, with
the basal joint obconical and truncate, the second broader, cultri-
form and internally produced, the apical more slender and longer
than the penultimate. Antennae slender, usually white-banded
and sometimes setiferous, stouter in $ ; scape and pedicellus of
equal length and subglobose, the latter exserted and a little the

XTLONOMUS. 77

narrower ; annellus smooth and subobsolete ; flagellar joints cylin-
drical, gradually decreasing in length and apically hardly nodulose.
Thorax cylindrical, much longer than high ; notauli distinct and
elongate ; epomiae and epicnemia distinct ; metanotal areae and
apophyses well defined ; spiracles oblong or linear. Scutellum
more or less convex, triangular and apically obtuse. Abdomen
subsessile, somewhat deplanate discally, finely punctate and rarely
shining ; of d" elongate, sublinear or a little dilated towards the
apex, narrower and usually twice as long as the thorax ; of $
shorter and as broad as the thorax, oblong or oblong-ovate.
Basal segment longer than broad, scabriculous, usually with
distinct longitudinal carinse, parallel-sided or (in $ ) apically
dilated, sometimes laterally impressed, with the spiracles slightly
behind the centre ; eighth segment exserted in $ . Terebra
emitted before the apex, not or only slightly longer than the
abdomen. Legs normal or subelongate ; anterior tibiae, especially
in $ , incrassate and constricted at the base ; tarsal claws small
and simple. Wings somewhat narrow ; areolet entirely wanting ;
lower wings with the radial abscissa shorter than the recurrent
nervure.

Range. Europe, Malay Archipelago, Japan, North America.

Cyunoxorides and Spiloxoi'ides, Cam. (Jour. Str. Br. Boy. As.
Soc. 1903, pp. 141 et 143) may be useful here as subgenera.

This genus differs from Xorides in the rugulose petiole and
broader basal segment, as well as in its internally parallel eyes,
which in the latter are subconvergent towards the apex ; its
relationship with Banclius and Arotes is remarked upon by Graven-
horst. The species are few in number in Europe, though more
numerous in America/and Smith has described several from the
Malay Archipelago and Japan ; they are well known to prey
beneficially on larvae of Longicorn Coleoptera, which are often so
destructive to forest and other trees.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Body mainly, and antennae apically,

black.

2 (3) Thorax black ; irons punctate ; ner-

vellus central tartarus, sp. n., p. 78.

3 (2) Thorax apically pale ; irons glabrous :

nervellus below centre abaddon, sp. n., p. 79.

4 (1) Body strongly metallic and irides-

cent ; antennae often apically white.

5 (8) Antennae broadly white at or before

apices ; body not black.

6 (7) Second recurrent nervure not con-

tinuous with submarginal '. . . elizabethce, Bing., p. 80.

7 (6) Second recurrent nervure continuous

with submarginal anmtlicornis, Cam., p. 80.

8 (5) Antennae narrowly white centrally ;

body brilliant blue c&rulescens, sp. n., p. 81.

78 ICHNEUMONIDjE.

39. Xylonomus tartarns, sp. n.

$ , A large and somewhat dull black species, with the body
5mmaculate,°and the legs, antennae and stigma white-marked.
Head black, cubical and posteriorly not narrower than the internally
parallel eyes; vertex very broad behind ocelli and, like the frons,
scabrously punctate ; face transverse, closely and transversely punc-
tate ; clypeus discrete and carinately elevated at the base, broadly
rounded* at the apex and centrally concave ; mandibles slender and
discally sulcate throughout, with their base hardly as broad as the
inflexedly sulcate cheeks ; palpi and sides of clypeus infuscate.
AntewuK slender and pure black, with ninth to thirteenth flagellar
joints white ; subapical setre distinct. Thorax immaculate black,
discally deplanate, with the meta- hardly narrower than the meso-
thorax ; mesonotum transversely scabriculous, with the notauli
deeply impressed and not reaching the apical margin ; metanotum
nitidulous and coarsely coriaceous, with complete and strongly
costate areae ; basal area elongate and parallel-sided ; areola
hexagonal-cordiform, large and situated beyond the centre,
emitting costulae before its centre ; petiolar area small and sub-
vertical, with very large and apically obtuse apophyses and small
subapical spines ; spiracles large and distinctly lunate. Scutellum
deplanate, punctate, black. Abdomen narrow, subcylindrical and
immaculate black ; basal segment finely scabriculous, thrice as
long as apically broad, gradually a little widened throughout,
with the spiracles distinctly before the centre and with obsolete
discal carinse ; second and third segments obsoletely scabriculous
or alutaceous, longer than broad, with their basal angles obliquely
impressed ; remainder strongly transverse ; ventral plica entire,
hypopygium far retracted from the terebra and apically rounded ;
spicula exactly as long as the body, rufescent and incrassate before
its apex, valvulae black and not pilose. Legs black, with the base
of all the tibiae constricted and stramineous ; femora and tibise
broad and compressed ; tarsi stramineous, with the onychii black
and the central joints infuscate ; claws very small and not
extending beyond the elongate pulvilli. Wings narrow and
hyaline ; stigma and radix infuscate, former basally white ; areolet
wanting ; hind wings with the first recurrent nervure but slightly
postfurcal, emitting the strong nervellus from its exact centre.

Length 20-21 millim.

"INDIA."

Type in the Oxford Museum.

The above description is drawn from two females, in all proba-
bility from Westwood's collection. The elongate form is similar
to Xorides. In one example the internal nervure of the wanting
areolet is curiously incrassate.

XYLOJJOMUS. 79

40. Xylononms abaddon, sp. n.

§ . A dull black species, with the body profusely pale-marked
and the stigma basally pure white. Head cubical and posteriorly
not narrower than the internally parallel eyes ; vertex very broad
behind the ocelli and, like the irons, glabrous ; face subtransverse,
closely and superficially punctate ; clypeus strongly transverse,
discrete, basally carinately elevated, apically broadly rounded and
centrally concave ; mandibles slender and apically edentate, their
base as broad as the length of the cheeks ; frontal and external orbits,
cheeks and whole face white. Antenna} slender, infuscate, with
the ninth to thirteenth flagellar joints pure white, the basal ones
stramineous and the scape entirely testaceous. Thorax black, with
the propleurse and prosternum entirely, the mesopleime broadly,
the callosities before and beneath the radices, and the apical half
of the metathorax (except below), testaceous; mesonotum distinctly
and somewhat finely punctate, with strong and crenulate notauli ;
metanotum obsoletely punctate, basal area elongate and triangular ;
areola entire, pentagonal and longer than broad, emitting distinct
costuke from its centre ; petiolar area broader than long, and
entire, with apophyses strongly acuminate ; spiracles elongate-oval;
metapleurrc scabrous, with lateral carinae distinct. Scutellum and
postscutellum flavous, the former not conxex, closely and obso-
letely punctate, with its apex subtruncate. Abdomen hardly
longer than the head and thorax, broadest behind the centre,
black, with the apices of all the segments bright flavous and the
basal half of the first testaceous ; the three basal segments closely
and alutaceously punctate, transversely impressed before their pale
apices, the first with no discal carinae, the second and third deeplv
sulcate laterally, as well as obliquely from the side of the apex to
the centre of the base ; terebra nearly as long as the abdomen,
with the valvulse red and apically black. Lec/s elongate and slender,
fulvous, with the anterior pairs paler and their coxae stramineous;
front tibiae basally sinuate ; hind trochanters, extreme apices of
their femora, and of their tibiae more broadly, subinfuscate, their
tarsi pure white, with the minute claws and onychii blackish.
Winys clear hyaline, with the junction of the internal and external
cubital nervures, and of the basal nervures, infumate; tegtilre
black, radix pale, stigma and nervures piceous, with the base of
the former pure white ; median nervure not continuous through
the basal ; second recurrent strongly curved, narrowly bifenes-
trate and emitted from the external cubital distinctly beyond its
junction with the internal ; hind wings with the first recurrent
but slightly postfurcal, emitting the strong nervellus from a little
below its centre.

Length 12 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Col. Godwin- Austen).

Type in the British Museum.

The typical female, and a second of the same sex taken with it,
are the only specimens I have seen of this species.

80 ICHKEUMONID^E.

41. Xylonoinus elizabethae, Bing. (Plate I, fig. 3.)
Xylonomus elizabethte , Bingham, Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc.

1898, p. 116, pi. A. tigs. 5, o a ( $ ).

Head cubical, glabrous and nitidulous, dark blue or metallic
green, with the internal orbits both above and more broadly belo\v
the antennae, and the cheeks broadly, white. Antenna; filiform and
black, with the tenth to sixteenth, and sometimes the four apical,
flagellar joints white. Thorax rugose, metallic green and imma-
culate; mesonotum oval and elongate, with the notauli deeply im-
pressed and extending to its base ; metathorax apically rounded,
shagreened, with four irregularly sinuate longitudinal carina?, of
which the inner pair extend to the apex and there terminate in a
distinct red tooth on either side of the petiole ; costulae emitted
beyond centre ; basal area parallel-sided and apically open ;
spiracles linear. Scutellum immaculate. Abdomen dark shining
blue or green, with the base and a diamond-shaped or transverse
fascia on the first, a similar fascia on the second, arid the extreme
apical discal margins of the three or five following segments, clear
Havens ; eighth segment elongately exserted and brunneous ; the
basal segments subdeplanate, the apical subcompressed, and the
second and third triangularly impressed discally; spicula black,
with the valvulae white-banded before their apices, hardly a third
shorter than the body (13 millim.). Leys flavous, with the anterior-
pairs sometimes dark-marked; the hind pair with the apices of
the coxae subinfuscate, of the femora and tibiae, with the claws
and onychii, black ; hind tarsi stramineous ; anterior tibiae basally
sinuate and constricted. Wi»yg hyaline, sometimes with an
infumate cloud at the junction of the radial with the cubital cells ;
tegulae and nervures testaceous.

Length 17 rnillim.

SIKKIM, 1000-4000 ft. (Bincjliam, type); ASSAM: Xaga Hills
(Godwin- Austen — Brit. Mus.) ; BUKMA : Minhla (Comotto — Genoa
Mus.).

Type. Location unknown.

Bingharn's description of the coloration of the anterior legs is
a little involved, but apparently all the joints in the typical form
are more or less nigrescent at their apices ; I have, however, seen
the anterior legs immaculate testaceous.

42. Xylonomus annulicornis, Cam.

Epirhyssa annulicornis, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 133 ( $ ).

A caerulescent species with fulvous markings, the apical half of
the flagellum white and the terebra shorter than the body. Head
nitidulous and caeruleous, with the cheeks, frontal orbits and outer-
orbits below broadly, and the clypeus laterally (more narrow ly
below), flavous ; face somewhat strongly punctate ; clypeus sub-
itnpunctate, densely and elongately fulvous-pilose, centrally and

XYLOXOMUS.

81

-apically black, basally obliquely impressed ; palpi pale testaceous ;
mandibles black and basally finely punctate, the apex with only one
rounded tooth. Antennae slender, densely and obsoletely black-pilose,
with the scape testaceous beneath ; a broad band beyond the centre
;and extending to the apices, except their last joint, white. Meso-
notura closely punctate, with its basal three-fourths distinctly and
irregularly reticulate and the lateral apical lobes centrally canali-
culate ; pro- and meso-pleurae shagreened, the former glabrous
and bicarinate below, the latter
with dense fulvous pilosity and
apically crenulately impressed ;
metanotum with its basal half
shagreened and apical trans-stri-
gose, its basal areae coalescent,
curved inwardly and narrowed ;
the petiolar area with the sides
straight ; the lateral carinae evenly
curved on the inner side of the
spiracles, with the areas on their
inner side crenulate ; metapleurse
longitudinally and irregularly stri-
gose, shagreened above. Scutellum
closely punctate, apically deplanate
and carinate ; postscutellum round-
ly impressed at the base and apex,
and laterally stoutly carinate. Ab-
domen fulvous ; basal segment
distinctly longer than the second,
flavescent, with a broad caerulescent

Fig. 17.
Xylonomus annulicornis, Cam.

•central closely and coarsely punctate band, the apex more or less
reticulate, centrally transversely strigose and tricarinate ; second
segment basally broadly blue and apically more narrowly black,
its base centrally triangularly impressed and laterally with deep
and oblique impressions, its apex broadly and obliquely depressed
on either side; third segment broadly and semicircularly impressed
near the base, with a central straight and narrow carina, and the
sides obscurely strigose ; first ventral segment basally black and
substriate, with its apex and the centre of the two following
segments testaceous ; terebra not quite as long as the body. Legs
fulvous, with the intermediate coxae basally black; hind legs con-
•colorous with coxae except basally above and centrally beneath,
trochanters, base and apex of tibiae and of their cserulescent.
femora, black ; hind tarsi, except their two black apical joints,
white. Wings hyaline, basally white and slightly infumate below
the apices ; stigma black, basally white and internally inf uscate.

Length 17-19 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmeij} ; BURMA (L. de Niceville—Erit.
Mus.).

Type in the British Museum.

82 ICHNEUMONID>*:.

This species so closely resembles the preceding that it is only
upon the distinct venation of the wings that I was finally enabled
to satisfy myself of its right to specific rank; it differs also
in having the hind coxae entirely metallic green, with their
tibia not or hardly apically infuscate, but their femora much more
determinately black at the apex; the abdomen more distinctly
carinate longitudinally in the centre, with the fourth and
following segments (except at their apices), and the eighth entirely,
green ; the terebra as long as the body ; the scutellum sometimes
pale ; and other minor details. But, whereas in X. elizabeihce the
second recurrent nervure of the fore wings is emitted from
the external cubital at an appreciable distance beyond that from
which the submarginal (i. e. the inner nervure of the wanting
areolet) rises, in X. anmdicornis the second recurrent is directly
continuous through the cubital to the submarginal nervure, which
I consider a good and sufficient structural distinction for the
erection of species.

43. Xylonomus carulescens, sp. n.

c? $ . A large, immaculate and brilliantly metallic blue species,
with the legs concolorous and the abdomen obliquely i impressed .
Head cubical and broad behind the internally parallel eyes ;
occiput bordered and the convex frons finely trans-aciculate on
either side of the ocelli and cornute between the antennae ; face
deplanate, rugulose and subelevated on either side ; clypeus
strongly discrete, subconcave and apically rounded throughout ;
mandibles stout, basally broad, apically obtuse, with no teeth but
sinuate internally before their apices. Antennce filiform; of d ,
strongly attenuate apically, as long as the body and immaculate ;
of $> , with the eight apical joints incrassate, the sixth from apex
obliquely truncate and emitting the fifth from its external apex
only, the former also bearing three strong setae at its apex, and
one at its centre, externally ; $ with flagellar joints 13 and 14
white. Thorax cylindrical, discally very strongly impressed ;
rnetanotum elongate, deplauate and shagreened, with the petiolar
area short, glabrous and discreted ; areola entire and sublinear,
with no costuhe ; lateral carinae strong; apophyses prominent;
spiracles linear. Scutellum deplanate, immarginate and apically
impressed. Abdomen longer than the head and thorax, broadest
beyond the centre, with the basal segment half its length, strongly
bicarinate, very gradually widened throughout, and laterally emar-
ginate beyond the centre ; the three following segments deeply and
obliquely impressed from near their apical angles to the centre of
the base ; valvulae of c? not exserted ; terebra longer than the
body (25 millim.). Legs elongate, with the tibiae not swollen,
but the anterior pairs of $ internally sinuate basally; claws
simple. \Vinys with no areolet and the base of the stigma
conspicuously white, of <J entirely hyaline and of $ strongly

PIMPLIDES. 83

infumate throughout ; nervellus very strongly geniculate, opposite,
and intercepted below its centre.

Length 23 millim.

CEYLON : Ellahara, Anaradhapura (0. S. Wickwar).

Type in the author's collection.

Mr. O. S. Wickwar has kindly sent me a single pair of this
beautiful species which he has recently captured.

Tribe PIMPLIDES.

The members of this tribe are at once known from the whole of
the remainder of the ICIINEUMONID^E, including the other tribes
of the PiMPLUfjE, by the more or less distinct tubercles visible on
either side of each segment of the abdomen, rendering the surface,
which is also generally transversely impressed before the apex, of
very uneven appearance ; in some cases each segment is deeply
marked by a triangular impression with its base resting on the
posterior margin and its apex in the centre of the anterior margin.
The body, in the Oriental forms though not in the Palsearctic, is
more often brightly rufescent, flavous, and even in a few cases
metallic cyaneous, usually strongly punctate and often nitidulous.
The earlier genera comprise some of the longest of known
Ichneumons, though their form is so slender that in bulk they
must yield to apparently smaller species. None of the species are
small, and in the majority of cases the characters are sufficiently
definite, though 1 have found it difficult to discriminate some
genera with the requisite accuracy from the characters indicated
by the authors who have described them ; this defect has been to
a considerable extent obviated, however, by an examination of
Cameron's type specimens and others to which I have been so
fortunate as to have had access. Seventeen genera have been
recorded from India, and to these I have added five previously
described from the Palsearctic and Nearctic regions, which, with
three that I have found it necessary to bring forward as new,
constitute a total of twenty-five, not all of which appear to
me to be valid. This is but a tithe, probably, of those which
await discovery, since this branch of the Parasitica appears to be
well-nigh omnivorous, preying upon such diverse hosts as Diptera,
Coleoptera, Arachnida, Hymenoptera, and in one or two cases
the records of at least partially phytophagous species cannot
yet be refuted. The ectoparasitic habits of some of the smaller
kinds is of peculiar interest.

Table of Genera of PIMPLIDES.

1 (32) Nervellus of hind wings intercepted at

or above its centre (opposite or post-
furcal).

2 (3) Nervellus intercepted exactly in its [Ashm., p. 85.

centre ; head strongly buccate behind . CALLIEPHIAI-TES,

84 ICHNEUMOMD2E.

3 (2) Nervellus intercepted distinctly above

its centre ; head normally transverse.

4 (15) Nervellus intercepted Ht or but slightly

below its junction with the median
nervure.

5 (10) Mesonotumtrans-strigose; terebra always

longer than bodv.

6 (7) Areolet of front "wing wanting ; body

usually flavous EPIRHYSSA, Cress.,

7 (6) Areolet of front wing entire ; body [p. 87.

usually black.

8 (9) Segments distinctly longer than broad;

areolet subsessile RHYSSA, Grav.,

9 (8) Segments hardly elongate ; areolet [p. 91.

elongate ly petiolate LYTARMES, Cam.,

10 (5) Mesonotum not trans-strigose ; terebra [p. 94.

nearly always shorter than body.

11 (12) Face elongately produced; alar apices

infumate ECHTHROMORPHA,

12 (11) Face of normal length ; wings imrna- [Holing., p. 97.

culate.

13 (14) Hind femora simple beneath ; apophyses

obsolete HABROPIMPLA,

14 (13) Hind femora strongly dentate beneath; [Cam., p. 104.

apophyses acuminate LissopiMPLA,Krch.,

15 (4) Nervellus intercepted much nearer its [p. 106.

centre.

16 (17) Scutellum with broad foliaceous border ;

labrum elongate XANTHOPIMPLA,

17 (16) Scutellum not or narrowly bordered ; [Sauss., p. 108.

labruui subconcealed.

18 (25) Abdomen glabrous, impunctate and,

like thorax, profusely pale-marked.

19 (20) Femora incrassate, with anterior not

canaliculate below THERONIA, Holing.,

20 (19) Femora not mcrassate or with the [p. 139.

anterior canaliculate below.

21 (22) Metanotum trans-striate, with no entire

arete LISSOTHEROXIA,

22 (21) Metanotum subglabrous, with the areas [Cam., p. 145.

complete.

23 (24) Apophyses stout and obtuse; eyes in-

ternally deeply emarginate ORIENTOTHERONIA,

24 (23) Apophyses wauting; eyes internally ob- [gen. nov., p. 146.

soletely emarginate ERYTHROTHEROXIA,

25 (18) Abdomen very distinctly punctate ; [Cam., p. 149.

body rarely profusely pale-marked.

26 (29) Clypeus not apically emarginate; ab-

dominal tubercles obsolete.

27 (28) Metathoracic spiracles large and elon-

gate; flagelluin filiform PIMPLA, F., p. 151.

28 (27) Metathora-:ic spiracles small and cir-

cular ; flagellum basally attenuate ITOPLECTIS, Forst.,

29 (26) Clypeus apically emarginate ; abdominal [p. 169.

tubercles distinct.

80 (31) Abdominal segments not elongate; [p. 172.

terebra often shorter than body EPIURUS, Forst.,

CALLIEPHIALTES.

85

31 (30) Abdominal segments elongate; terebra

often longer than body

32 (1) Nervellus of hind wing intercepted dis-

tinctly below its centre (antefurcal).

33 (44) Abdominal segments not triangularly

impressed.

34 (35) Apical angles of segments acute and

prominent; all wings with at least
their apical margin deeply clouded . .

35 (34) Apical angles of segments obtuse ; at

most apex of fore wing clouded.

36 (41) Areolet entire.

37 (40) Areolet not pentagonal.

38 (39) Eyes internally emarginate ; face cen-

trally carinate

39 (38) Eyes not emarginate ; nor face centrally

carinate

40 (37) Areolet pentagonal

41 (36) Areolet wanting.

42 (43) Notauli apical and superficial; wings

entirely hyaline

43 (42) Notauli deeply impressed and entire ;

wings infurnately fasciated ,

44 (33) Abdominal segments triangularly and

deeply impressed.

45 (46) Areolet petiolate and entire

46 (45) Areolet entirely wanting.

47 (48) Front tibiae bicalcarate ; abdomen nor-

mally punctate

48 (47) Front tibise unicalcarate ; abdomen

longitudinally striate

EPHIALTES, Schr.,
[p. 177.

HEMIPIMPLA, Sauss.,
[p. 186.

[p. 194.
PHILOPSYCHE, Cam.,

[p. 195.
3, Fb'rs

EXERISTES, Fb'rst.,

MIOPHATNTJS, Cam.,

[p. 204.

POLYSPHINCTA,

[Grav., p. 205.

CJENOPIMPLA, Cam.,

[p. 208.

GLYPTOPIMPLA, gen.
[nov., p. 209.

GLYPTA, Grav.,

[p. 210.

APOPHUA, gen. nov.,
[p. 213.

Genus CALLIEPHIALTES, Ashm.
Calliephialtes, Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxiii, 1900, p. 54.

GENOTYPE, Pimpla xanihothorax, Ashm.

Head broadly baccate behind the eyes, which in <3 are not
distinctly emarginate internally. Third to fifth antennal joints
not externally serrate. Mesonotum not transversely strigose ;
metathoracic spiracles small and quite circular. Abdomen sub-
parallel-sided and not centrally explanate, with the anterior
segments not more strongly sculptured than the posterior ; second
segment of $ longer than broad ; terebra longer than tbe body.
Hind tarsi of $ with the apical joint longer than the penultimate,
and the claws strongly lobate basally. Wings with the nervelet
wanting ; and the first recurrent of lower wings intercepted in
the centre.

Range. United States, Sikkim.

But a single species has hitherto been ascribed to this genus,
Pimpla xanthothorax, Ashm. (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890, p. 446),
and that is described only in the female sex. It is, consequently,

86 ICHNEUMOXIDJE.

with some hesitation that I here place a male, of whose female I
am ignorant, and describe it as new, since Ashmead makes no
mention, in 1900, of the very buccate temples, and his species is
from Missouri, in America.

44. Calliephialtes xanthosoma, sp. n.

<J . A somewhat small flavous species, with black antennae and
markings. Head strongly buccate posteriorly and as broad as the
eyes ; flavidous, with a triangular central patch on the occiput,
extending forward round the ocelli, and the apices of the mandibles,
black ; vertex broad and glabrous,
scrobes ill-defined and large ; face
deplanate, entirely stramineous,
nitidulous and shallowly punctate,
apically truncately separated from
the short flavous, centrally ele-
vated and apically subtruncate
a ^ clypeus ; mandibles testaceous,

1 / frit » somewhat stout, with the subequal

|| Q I teeth apically obtuse; palpi pale,

cheeks obsolete. Antennae nearly
as long as the body, filiform, black,
Fig ig with the scape stramineous, and

Calliephialtes xanthosoma, Mori, the flagellum basally ferruginous,
beneath. Thorax flavous and

strongly nitidulous, with a dot on the front of the mesonotum,
a hamate mark on either side of it, a circular dot on the rneso-
pleure, the apex of the nitidulous, exareolate and flavous-pilose
metathorax, a dot at the apex of the scutellurn, another before it,
and the whole postscutellum black ; metathorax entirely glabrous,
with the spiracles quite circular and small. Abdomen flavous,
with the apices of all the segments deep black, strongly and
sparsely punctate throughout ; basal segment bicarinate to the
centre only ; the five following broadly tuberculate on either
side; valvulae infuscate and hardly exserted. Leys flavidous
and normal, with all the claws infuscate and not basally lobate ;
hind ones with the trochanters, extreme base and apex of their
tibiae, and the whole tarsi, iufuscate. Wings normnl and hyaline ;
radix and tegulae flavous ; costa and stigma, except the testaceous
base of the latter, black ; areolet broadly subtriangular, emitting
the recurrent nervure from near its apex ; first recurrent of hind
wings a little postfurcal, emitting the nervellus from its exact
centre.

Length 8 millim.

SIKKIM (Bingham).

Type in the British Museum.

Described from a single specimen.

EPIRHYSSA. 87

Genus EPIRHYSSA, Cms.

Epirhyssa, Cresson, Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad. 1865, p. 39.
Rhyssonota, Kriechbaumer, Ann. Nat. Hofmus. Wien, 1890, p. 489.

GENOTYPE, E. speciosa, Cress.

A genus of very large and strongly elongate species, with trans-
striate inesonotuin and the terebra longer than the whole body.
Head short, subbuccate and transverse, usually dilated behind the
oval and subreniform eyes ; clypeus veiy short, strongly trans-
verse and apically subproduced centrally, often basally discrete ;
mandibles stout and basally broad. Antennae slender and filiform,
not attenuate ; flagellar joints elongate. Thorax subcylindrical
and discally deplanate ; mesonotum closely and regularly trans-
strigose throughout, with the notauli entire and often deeply
impressed ; metanotum longitudinally canaliculate, with the
spiracles oblong or ovate, and the areas obsolete. Scutellurn
subconvex. Abdomen cylindrical, sessile, smooth and uitidulous,
obsoletely alutaceous ; ventral valvulae of cf exserted ; anus of $
subcompressed, third segment not basally impressed, eighth
exserted and triangular, hypopygium not reaching base of
terebra. Legs, and especially the hind ones, elongate, with
tarsal claws simple and posterior coxte subcylindrical. Wings
ample, though not broad, with areolet entirely wanting ; nervellus
intercepting recurrent nervure close to its junction with the
median vein.

Range. In. America the genus has a wide distribution, from
Brazil to Canada, and is also found in Cuba ; but elsewhere, the
representatives here enumerated, with a few from the Malay
Region, are the only ones at present known from the Old AVorld,
with the exception of single Japanese and Annamese species.

This genus differs from Rhyssa, to which it is closely related in
its strongly trans-striate mesonofcuin, in having the alar areolet
entirely wanting.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Abdomen and legs not black-marked .... flavobalteata, Cam.,

2 (1) Abdomen and legs broadly black-marked. [p. 88.

3 (4) Frons carinate ; scutellum punctate ;

abdomen mainly red carlnifrons, Cam.,

4 (3) Frons not carinate ; scutellum strtate. [p. 89.

5 (6) Abdomen Savons ; scutellum apically

black ; all femora immaculate maculicornis, Cam.,

6 (5) Abdomen fulvous ; scutellum pale ; all [p. 89.

femora black-marked ornatipes, Cam.,

[p. 90.

ICHNEUMON IU.E.

45. Epirhyssa flavobalteata, Cam.

Epirliyswjlavobalteata, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 129 ( $)»
JSmrht/ssH niqrobalteata, Cameron,* Journ. Str. Br. R. Asiatic Soc.
1903, p. 134; cf. Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 16.

A fulvous species, with flavous markings, and the apices of the-
wings and antennae nigrescent. Head fulvous, with the apical
half of the frons and the whole
of the closely punctate and white-
pilose face flavous ; vertex pos-
teriorly rufescent ; clypeus short,
with its apex laterally rounded
and the base trilobate, the central
lobe being curved and the lateral
ones smaller and much more
deeply impressed ; mandibles
short and broad, with the apical
half black and the basal rufescent;
palpi stramineous. Antennce
dark red, nigrescent towards their
apices, with the scape flavescent
beneath. Thorax flavescent, with
the mesonotum strongly striate,
dark red, and its disc centrally
black, its central lobe elevated,
flavous-marked and apically per-
pendicular; propleura? punctate
with the basal half smooth and
black ; mesopleurae apically black

with two oblique nigrescent bands ; mesosternum closely and
strongly punclate ; metanotum evenly rounded, with shallow
and distinct punctures, centrally deeply canaliculate, basally black,,
shining, centrally broadly impressed and carinate on either side,
with the apex black and subimpunctate ; metapleurae black and
impressed at base and apex, carinate below the spiracles.
Scutellum and postscutelluin flavous ; the latter basally bifoveate,
the former transversely strigose and apically black. Abdomen
dark red, with apices of all the segments broadly flavous ; two
basal segments feebly and isolatedly punctate, the central ones
much more closely and strongly, and the remainder closely
but less distinctly and densely infuscate-pilose ; terebra distinctly
u little longer than the body. Leys flavous, with the femora
fulvescent and the hind coxa3 darker ; tarsi nigrescent. Wings-
fulvescent-hyaline, witli the stigma testaceous red, the nervures
infuscate and a subapical inf uuiate fascia ; fenestrae of second
recurrent nervure large.
Length 13-22 millim.

AMAM : Khasi Hills (llotlmey, type). MALAY STATES : Perak
(Dr. Hanitsch). BORNEO.
Tiji>e in the British Museum.

Fig. 19.
Epirhyssaflavobaltcata, Cam.

EPIEHYSSA. 89'

The type is a discoloured spirit specimen, and the description
of E. nigrobaheata is the more typical.

Both the size and the extent of the black and flavous coloration,
of this female are said to vary to no inconsiderable extent. A
female of the maximum size, taken by Dr. Hanitsch at Maxwell's
Hill, Perak, during August 1908, has the abdomen broadly black-
marked ; it may belong to a different species.

46. Epirhyssa carinifrons, Cam.

Epirhyssa carinifrons, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 131 (d1).

A black and profusely red and flavous marked species, with the
abdomen black-banded and the frons longitudinally carinate.
Head black, with the palpi, the coarsely punctate and white-pilose
face, the impressed and centrally carinate frons (except centrally),,
part of the posteriorly rounded occiput, and the orbits flavous ;
clypeus nude, glabrous and apically transverse ; mandibles basal ly
red. Antenna1 red, becoming infuscate and incrassate towards
their apices ; flagellum densely and obsoletely pubescent. Thorax
black, with a broad post-central metanotal band extending nearly
to the spiracles, the propleurse broadly above, and the prosternum
pale flavous ; mesonotum with infuscate pilosity ; propleurae,
except above, impunctate ; mesopleurae sparsely punctate, except
apically, with the callosities large, densely and elongate! y white-
pilose; mesosternum coarsely punctate and smoother apically in
the centre ; metanotum shallowly punctate and sparsely white-
pilose, its base smooth, with a broad and deep central impres-
sion. Scittettum, as well as its carinse arid the postscutellum, pale
flavous, the former coarsely punctate and elongately infuscate-
pilose, the latter glabrous. Abdomen dark red, closely punctate
and, especially towards the brunneous anus, shortly infuscate-
pilose ; apices of the four basal segments flavescent, and, except
the first, broadly black at the base ; petiole smooth. Legs fulvous,
with, their bases paler and the tarsi infuscate ; anterior legs-
flavescent ; hind coxae black, with their apices broadly flavous
centrally and their femora dark fulvous. Wings hyaline and
obsoletely fulvescent, with an infumate mark at the apex ex-
tending to near the radial cell ; costa and stigma testaceous red,,
nervures darker towards the radices.

Length 11 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey}.

Type in the Oxford Museum ; the abdomen is lost.

47. Epirhyssa maculicornis, Gam. (Plate I, fig. 4.)
Epirhyssa maculicornis, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 132 ($).

A handsome flavous species, with black but no fulvous markings,,
and the wings apically clouded. Head flavous, with the occiput
centrally, vertex transversely, and the closely but feebly punctate
frons quadrately, black ; clypeus laterally glabrous and centrally

SO ICHNEUMONIDjE.

trans-strigose ; mandibles and the basally aciculate cheeks black.
Antennas black, ferruginous and slightly incrassate towards their
apices, with the flagellum piceous beneath at the base. Tliorax
flavous ; mesonotum, excepting for marks at radices and a large,
elongate and laterally parallel-sided vitta on the disc, black ; the
transverse striations stronger and more widely separated laterally
than discally ; pro- and meso-pleurae glabrous and nitidulous, with
the latter broadly at the base and more narrowly below at the
apex, black ; mesosternum with a transverse series of infuscate
lines on either side ; metat borax narrowly black basally, centrally
smooth and broadly canaliculate, laterally closely punctate, with
a broad semicircular apical black band ; metapleurae obscurely
punctate in the centre with the base and apex black-lined.
Scutellum finely and closely trans-strigose, flavous, with its extreme
apex centrally, like the glabrous and nitidulous postscutellum,
black. Abdomen nitidulous, flavous, with all the segments nar-
rowly black at the base and more broadly so at the apex, punctate,
with their apices glabrous ; apical ones also longitudinally black
centrally ; terebra one-fourth longer than the body. Leys flavous,
with the apices of the hind coxae, their tibia basally and all the
tarsi apically, black. Wings hyaline, with their apices infumate ;
costa, stigma and nervures black ; the second recurrent nervure
broadly fenestrate ; upper basal intercepting the median nervure
of the fore wings distinctly beyond the lower basal nervure.

Length 15 in i Him.

ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Rothney, type). SIKKIM (BingJiam,
var., Brit. Mus.).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

I have seen two females of this species differing slightly from
the above description in having the uietanotum glabrous and
nitidulous, throughout with no trace of areae, the mesonotum
laterally ftavous throughout, the mesosteruum entirely black and
the pleurae obliquely black in the centre, and the hind coxae and
tibiae immaculate flavous. The intermediate coxae are internally
black-marked; the mandibles short and obliquely unidentate
apically ; the metathoracic spiracles elongate-oval and Aery small;
the basal segment shorter than *the second ; the nervellus inter-
cepting the first recurrent of the lower wing at its junction with
the median; and the terebral valvulae are distinctly incrassate
.apically.

48. Epirhyssa ornatipes, Cam.

Epirhyssa ornatipes, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 132 ( 4 ).

A pale fulvous species, with black markings. Head glabrous
and nitidulous, with short white pubescence ; Irons centrally, the
occiput, the ocellar region, an extension from it laterally to the
orbits, the mandibles and their basal region, black. Antennce
immaculate black. TJiorax shining and smooth; the trans-
striate mesonotum nitidulous black, with a large central fulvous

EPIRI1YSSA. RHYSSA. 91

mark, which is longer than broad, of equal width throughout, and
transverse at both base and apex ; metanotum fulvous, with a
narrow line on its base, a large and somewhat triangular mark on
its apical half and an apical line, black ; pleurae fulvous, with
short white pubescence, the propleurse with a conical mark below,
and the metapleurae below, and at apex, black. Scutellwm entirely
fulvous and finely trans-striate ; postscutellum black. Abdomen
fulvous, with discal bands at base and apex of all the segments
nitidulous black, those on the penultimate segments discally
continuous. Leys fulvous, with a broad discal band slightly behind
the centre of all the femora and a shorter basal line on the hind
ones, the posterior tarsi entirely arid their trochanters basally, the
hind tibiae broadly at both base and apex, and the front onychii,
black. Wings hyaline, with their apices distinctly infumate ;
nervures and stigma black.

Length 10 millim.

CEYLON ; Hantane (E. E. Green).

This species is much smaller than E. maculicornis, of which it
may, nevertheless, constitute the alternate sex, though its colour
is described as of a much darker yellow and the black markings
are slightly more profuse, especially upon the legs ; unfortunately
the structure of the metathorax is not yet indicated.

Genus RHYSSA, Grav.
Rhyssa, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. hi, 1829, p. 260.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon persuasoria, L.

A genus of very large and strongly elongate species with trans-
striate mesonotum and terebra longer than the body. Head short,
subbuccate and transverse, usually dilated behind the oval or
subreuiform eyes ; clypeus very short, strongly transverse and
generally a little produced centrally at the apex, often indistinctly
separated basally ; mandibles basally broad. Antennae filiform,
not attenuate apicallv, with the flagellar joints elongate. Thorax
subcylindrical, disc-ally deplanate ; pronotuni centrally glabrous ;
mesonotum closely and regularly traus-striate throughout, with
notauli entire and often deeply impressed ; metanotum longi-
tudinally canaliculate, with the areola rarely indicated ; spiracles
oblong or oval. Scutellum subconvex and apically obtuse.
Abdomen cylindrical, sessile, smooth and shining, glabrous or
obsoletely alutaceous ; <S with the ventral valvulae exserted ;
$ with the anus subcompressed, the third segment not basally
impressed, the eighth exserted and subtriangular, the apical
ventral not reaching the base of the terebra, which is longer than
the body, with the sheaths not pilose. Legs, especially the hind
pair, elongate; tarsal claws simple; posterior coxae subcylindrical.
Wings ample, though not broad, with the areolet entire, triangular,
sessile or subpetiolate ; nervellus intercepting the first recurrent
of lower wings very near its junction with the median nervure.

Range. Palaearctic and Nearctic Eegions.

92 ICHNEDMONID^.

This very distinct genus may be known by the transversely
rugose thorax, somewhat relating it to the XOEIDIDES, between
which and Coleocentrus it would appear, as is pointed out by
Thomson (Opusc. Ent. p. 737), to form a transitional group of
species. Its European representatives are very well known to
prey upon the large wood wasps, of the family SiuiciDvE, and
doubtless their Indian relations follow a similar means of livelihood;
in fact, Mr. E. P. Stebbing tells us (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc. xvi, p. 684) that both Thalessa and Rhyssa attack wood-
feeding grubs in India, though I have seen and heard of no
representatives of the former genus thence. He does not,
however, state that these grubs are the larvae of Sirfx, but I have
seeu females ot' the latter, differing from the Palaearctic Sirex
gigas, L., only in having the prothorax ferruginous and the hind
tibiae partly black, in the collection of Mr. Ernest Elliott, from
Haidnrabad, in Berar ; and three kinds of Xipliydria have already
been found in India (c/. Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 71). The
Linnean Sirex has been noticed by Eadoszkovsky (Horae Ent. viii,
p. 200) as far east as the Caspian Sea ; and the genus is known
to be very widely distributed.

49. Rhyssa persuasoria, L.

Ichneumon persuasorws, Linnaeus, Faun. Suec. p. 400; Donovan,
Brit. Ins. xv, p. 522($).

Pimpla persuasoria, Fabric-ills, Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 112.

lihussa persuasoria, Gravenhorat, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 267 ;
Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Ilandl. 1860, no. 10, p. 9 ; Taschenberg, Zeit.
Ges. Nat. 1863, p. 251 ; Vollenhoven, Pinac. pi. xi, n'gs. 5, 6-
(<?$)•

Head laterally intumescent and as broad as the eyes, frons and
face subglabrous ; epistoma deplanate, clypeus narrow and
centrally obtusely produced; palpi and all the orbits more or less
white, though sometimes immaculate on the vertex ; tf with
the face also entirely white. Antennce filiform, shorter than
body, scape black ; flagellum generally dull ferruginous beneath
or even entirely, with the joints elongate, apically nodulose
and the basal one distinctly curved. Tliorax subcylindrical,
black; metanotum centrally canaliculate; propleural marks,
pronotum broadly in front, a line before and a callosity beneath
radix, a mark above the intermediate coxae and another above the
hind ones, which latter sometimes coalesce across the apex of
the metathorax, white. Scutettum and postscutellum entirely or
apically white ; very rarely black. Abdomen quite twice as long
as head and thorax, cylindrical and about as broad as the latter,
in $ laterally subcoin pressed ; basal segment gradually constricted^
of cJ thrice as long as broad, glabrous and centrally sulcate ; one
or two basal segments apically, and laterally towards the apex,
white ; second or third to seventh with lateral and infra-apical
spots on either side more or less broadly white; terebra nearly a

EHYSSA. 93

quarter as long again as the body. Leys elongate and somewhat
slender, fulvous ; coxae sometimes badious, or rarely in tf black,
front ones of $ very rarely nearly totally black, the anterior pairs

Fig. 20. — Itkt/fsa persuasoria L.

of both sexes generally whitish beneath ; hind tarsi and tibiae
infuscate or rarely dull ferruginous. Wings narrow and flavescent,
with the stigma blackish ; radix and tegulae white ; areolet irre-
gularly triangular, sessile or subpetiolate ; first recurrent of lower
wings strongly postfurcal and intercepted far above its centre.

Length 22-34 millim.

A common Palaearctic species occurring throughout the north
temperate zone ; 1 have seen it from the United States, Canada,
from Yesso, in the north of Japan, and from spruce woods at
Deota, Tehri-Gashial, in the North-west Himalayas at an altitude
of 7000 feet, in June 1902 (E. P. Subbing).

50. Rhyssa fulvipennis. Cam.

Rhyssafulvipcnnis, Cameron,* Maiich. Mem. 1899, p. 127 ($).

A large black and flavous species, with the antennae and legs
fulvous, and the wings somewhat clouded. Head fulvous, with
the face flavesceut ; frons, apex of vertex, occiput above, a central
line between them, mandibles and apex of face, black ; face
glabrous, with sparse and infuscate pilosity, epistoma feebly
punctate ; frons and vertex subglabrous, with isolated punctures.
Antennae pale fulvous and centrally subflavescent ; scape nitidulous
and subglabrous. Thorax black, with the propleurae smooth,
shining and broadly fulvous above ; mesonotura sparsely pilose,
with two anteriorly coalesced virtae on its central lobe, a central
line, and shorter ones above the radices, fulvous ; mesopleurae
finely punctate and apically crenulate, with the callosities and a
large basal mark pale fulvous ; metathorax glabrous and uitid.ilous,
with the areola large, deeply impressed, transverse and laterally

94 ICHXEUMONID-E.

carinate. Scutettum broadly in the centre and the postscutelluin
(except centrally) fulvescent, the former finely and transversely
punctate. Abdomen nitidulous and dark red, with the petiole
paler ; second segment with two broad and obscure fulvous discal
lines ; remainder with concolorous lateral lines, basally broad
and apically obliquely constricted; venter flavescent, with the
basal segment flavous ; terebra 60 rnilliin. in length with the
valvulae dull fulvous towards their apices. Leys red, with the
anterior coxae and trochanters flavous ; hind coxa; dark red and
basally marked with black and flavous, their tarsi subflavescent.
Winys deeply fulvescent-hyaline, with their apices hardy infumate ;
costa and stigma fulvous, nervures black ; areolet triangular,
emitting the recurrent nervure from its apical fourth ; internal
nervure of areolet oblique and straight, the external curved.

Length 38-39 millim.

ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Rotlmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This species is quite distinct from the cosmopolitan R. persua-
sm-ia, L., which has no fulvescent markings on the body, but is
banded or laterally spotted with stramineous.

Genus LYTARMES, Cam.
Lytarmfs, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 144.
GENOTYPE, L. maculipennis, Cam.

Head not strongly buccate posteriorly ; clypeus basally separated
from the face and laterally depressed at the base ; mandibles short,
stout and apically bidentate. Meta- shorter than meso-thorax ;
mesonotum trans-strigose, with the notauli anteriorly deeply
impressed ; metanotum gradually declivous throughout and tri-
angularly impressed basally ; spiracles large, elongate and rounded
at both extremities. Scutellum deplanate and pale. Abdomen
glabrous and not impressed ; basal segment shorter than the
second, with the spiracles oval, oblique and approximate to the
base ; intermediate segments not longer than broad, aciculate and
apically neither emarginate nor incised ; of tf strongly convex
discally ; terebra longer than body. Legs stout ; hind cox*
parallel-sided and not inflated; tarsi spinose, with the claws
simple, hind ones as long as their tibiae, with the last joint about
thrice the length of the penultimate. Areolet rounded above, as
long as or but slightly longer than its petiole, and emitting the
recurrent nervure a little before its centre ; upper basal nervure
emitted from the median nervure distinctly before the lower ;
radial cell somewhat narrow, and lanceolate at both extremities ;
lower wing with the first recurrent postfurcal, emitting the
nervellus from its junction with the median nervure. The sexes
differ only in the form of the abdomen.

Rawjt. Assam, Tenasserim.

" This genus has the striated mesonotum of Jlhyssa, but differs
from it in the appendiculated areolet and in the abdominal

LYXAHMES.

95-

segments being not distinctly longer than their breadth, in the
shorter hinder tarsi compared with the tibiae, in the much shorter
hinder coxae, and in the head being less developed behind the
eyes " ( Cameron, loc. cit.) .

Table of Species.

1 (2) Wings infurnate below stigma ; mesonotum

not flavous

2 (1) Wings hyaline ; mesonotum with discal

flavous stripes

maculipennis, Cam.
hyaKnipennis, Cam.

51. Lytarmes maculipennis, Cam.

Lytarmes maculipennis, Cameron,* Mancli. Mem. 1899, p. 145r
pi. iii, %. 9 ( § ).

A black species, with brown markings and the legs paler, the
head white-marked and the wings int'umate below the stigma.

Head with the face (except
centrally), clypeus. frontal
orbits broadly throughout
and the outer (except on the
vertex), flavous ; face cen-
trally infuscate, mandibles
black and palpi flavescent;
face punctate and densely
covered with elongate in-
fuscate pilosity ; irons black,
nitidulous and trans -aci-
culate, with the orbits
elevated ; vertex posteriorly,
and the occiput, piceous.
Antenna; slightly shorter
than the body, with the
flagellum blackish and
basally ferruginous ; scape
flavescent below and rufes-
cent above. Thorax brown-
ish, with black markings ;
pronotum broadly, and the
callosities at the radices, stra-
mineous ; mesonotum with
three broad discal stripes
and the scutellar fovea black ; pleurae glabrous and niti-
dulous, with the mesopleurae roundly elevated below ; meso-
sternum shagreened, with dense and infuscate pilosity;
metathorax smooth and shining, ferruginous, with its centre
stramineous, apex black and its base triangularly impressed.
Scutellum except at apex, and its carinae, stramineous and punc-
tate ; postscutellum glabrous and nitidulous, broadly impressed
centrally and rounded apically. Abdomen black and glabrous,

Fig. 21. — Lytarmes maculipennis, Cam.

Avith the third to sixth segments shagreened ; petiole red to beyond
its centre ; apical margin of first segment, a basally triangular
and apically transverse mark on disc of second, and internally
constricted' lateral marks on the three following segments,
stramineous ; apical segment triangular, deplanate, smooth and
shining; anus densely fulvous-pilose; terebra about one-third
longer than the body. Legs with the anterior coxae, trochanters
and the front of their tibiae stramineous ; hind legs with the basal
•half of the tibiae and the whole of the tarsi infuscate, coxae
ferruginous with black markings and an apical spot above, like
the base of their trochanters, flavous. Wings fulvesceut-hyaline,
•with an iufumate fascia from the apex of the stigma to the
areolet, " the pedicle of the latter is about two-thirds of the
length of the basal branch of the transverse cubital nervure ;
the apical branch is bullated on the lower side" ; areolet emitting
the centrally broadly bifenestrate recurrent nervure nearly from
its centre.

Length 16 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

52. Lytarmes hyalinipennis, Cam.

Lytarmes hyalinipennis, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 146 (c?).

Head stramineous, with the ocellar region and the centre of the
apically subtransaciculate frons black, and the vertex posteriorly,
with the occiput, piceous ; mouth ferruginous, with the mandibles
black and palpi flavous; face punctate and clypeus glabrous.
Antenna: rufescent, with the obsoletely pubescent flagellum
apically darker and basally, like the scape, flavescent. Thorax
piceous; propleurae black, flavous above; mesonotum with two
flavous discal stripes, the scutellar fovea and a triangular
impression before it black; mesopleurae smooth and shining,
black, with a large flavous mark beneath the flavous callosities ;
mesosternum rufescent, with an oblique basal black mark ;
metathorax smooth, nitidulous, sparsely infuscate-pilose and
flavous ; black in the spiracular region, at the apex and at the
triangularly impressed base; metapleurae flavescent, with their
base, apex and lower sides black. Scutellum, postsctitellum and its
carinae stramineous, the former punctate, with long white pilosity
and apically piceous ; the latter glabrous and nitidulous. Abdomen
black, with the apices of the third to fifth segments broadly, of the
second narrowly, the two basal longitudinally on the disc and
the base of the first, flavous ; anus ferruginous ; ventral segments,
except the apical, testaceous; terebra (18 millim.) longer than
the body. Legs: anterior pairs fulvous, with the coxae and
trochanters flavescent ; hind legs red, the coxae flavous and
broadly black-marked on either side, their trochanters basally
flavescent, their tibiae and the posterior tarsi blackish, with

LYTAKSIES. — ECIITHROMORPHA. 97

dense and short pale pilosity. Wings hyaline throughout, with
the stigma testaceous and the nervures darker ; apical abscissa oE
radius basally curved, the basal straight and double the length
of the areolar petiole.

Length, <J 12 millim. ; £ 16 milliiu.

ASSAM : Ivhasi Hills (Rothncy, type) ; TEXASSERIM (Dolierty —
Ind. Mus.).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

Xo remark is made by its author upon the possibility of any
sexual relation between this species and the last ; the distinctions
between them appear to consist principally of colour, and it is
strange that two so closely related insects, from the same district,
should have been at first known only in opposite sexes.

A single pair in the Indian Museum, from Tenasserim, has
passed through my hands ; both sexes agree with Cameron's some-
what superficial description, given above, in every respect, with
the exception of the relative length of the basal radial abscissa
and areolar petiole, which is not more than one-fourth or one-fifth
of the length of the former ; the scutellum is peculiarly broad and
dull, the metanotum polished and strongly nitidulous, Avith its
spiracles elongate and impressed : the abdomen is sublinear and
shining, with the third and fourth segments strongly emarginate
apically ; the hind tibite are unusually stout, basally blackish, and
the front ones are basallv constricted.

Genus ECHTHROMORPHA, Holmg.

Echthromorpha, Holmgren (nee Tschek), Sv. Ak. Handl. 1808,

p. 400.
Chrysopimpla, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 18C9, p. 185.

GENOTYPE, Qryptut intricatorhts, F.

Head narrow and not at all dilated behind ; face elongate and
broadly developed below the eyes ; clypeus narrowly discrete
basaily and broadly rounded apically, hardly shorter than the
face ; labrum strongly exserted ; upper mandibular tooth the
longer ; eyes prominent, internally strongly emarginate, subcon-
vergent apically, leaving the cheeks broad. Antennae not pale-
banded, but elongate and filiform, with the basal flagellar joints
elongate, and. in c? » very strongly nodose at the base and apex ;
scape externally excised throughout. Metathorax with no trace
of areae, basally punctate, with elongate and very large spiracles.
Scutellum and postscutellum distinctly convex. Basal abdominal
segment as long as the second and not strongly impressed basally;
central segments obliquely incised in their basal angles, with the
lateral tubercles obsolete ; terebra shorter than the abdomen.
Legs somewhat stout, with the front tibiae half the length of their
basally incised tarsi ; claws large and strongly curved, though
neither pectinate nor basally lobate ; hind femora simple and
centrally impressed above. Wings hyaline, nearly always with a

98

strongly infumate apical cloud ; radius strongly sinuate above the
entire areolet ; internal cubital nervure straight ; median recurrent
of the hind wings strongly postfurcal and emitting the uervellus at
its junction with the median nervure.

Holmgren compares his genus with Theronia • and Cameron
says (loc. cit.) that in its elongate face, the conformation of the
areolet and of the radial nervure, this genus resembles Lissopimpla
( = Xenopimpla, Cam. Manch. Mem. 1898, p. 28); but that the
latter differs in having the mesonotum trilobate, the metathorax
transversely striate and laterally dentate, the abdomen quite
glabrous and the hind femora dentate beneath near their apices.
Unfortunately he entirely overlooked the peculiar position of the
nervellus, which, I have very little doubt, relates this genus and
Lissopimpla closely with Epirliyssa.

The peculiarly high emission of the nervellus, figured both
in 1899 (Manch. Mem. pi. iii, fig. 6) and 1905 (Spol. Zeyl. pi. B,
fig. 8) in the case of the typical species, Chnjsopimpla ornatipes,
led Krieger to synonymise Cameron's genus with Eclithromorpha,
Holmg., a course which is certainly correct ; it received sanction
from Cameron himself in 1905.

Our knowledge of the genus has considerably augmented since
Cameron stated (Trans. Nat. Hist. Glasgow, 1885, p. 2u'o) * that
its species were confined to the oceanic islands, Ascension,
Hawaii and St. Helena ; we now know it from broad tracts of
at least Asia, Africa and Australia, though apparently confined to
tropical and subtropical latitudes.

For a full account of the present genus, cf. Prof. Dr. R. Krieger
in Mitteilungen aus dem Zool. Museum, Berlin, 1908, pp. 295-344,
and my own paper ou the British Museum examples (Eev. Ichn.
Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 36).

Table of Species.

1 (6) Abdomen broadly testaceous or banded ;

metathorax glabrous, apophyses
wanting.

2 (3) Metathorax and coxae testaceous ; abdo-

men mainly pale insidiator, Smith, p. 99.

3 (2) Mettthorax and coxae black and flavous ;

abdomen broadly black-banded.

4 (5) Thorax more or less punctate ; areolet

distinctly petiolate notulatoria, F., p. 100.

o (4) Thorax entirely glabrous ; areolet sub-
sessile persimilis, Cam., p. 101.

6 (1) Abdomen black, with pale spots ; meta-
thorax strigose, apophyses strong . . intricatoria, F., p. 102.

* There appears to be little doubt that Eehthromorpha walkeri. Cam. (loc.
cit.), the tvpe of which is in the British Museum, may constitute the alternate
«er of Pimpla agrestorius, Swed. et Gniel., also taken by Sir Joseph Banks and
Dr. Coppinger in Tahiti.— Cf. Morley, Entom. 1909, p! 135.

ECHTH11OMOBPHA. 99

53. Echthromorpha insidiator, Smith.

Pimpla insidiator, Smith,* Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. vii, 1863, p. 9

(d$).

o $ . A large and handsome fulvous species, with the meso-
thorax and variable abdominal bands, as well as an apical mark
in the front wings, black. Head so short as to be subvertical
behind the very prominent eyes ; flavous, with the concave aud
distinctly bordered occiput centrally, the ocellar region, and the
centre of the glabrous and centrally carinate frons, alone black;
face superficially but distinctly punctate, quadrate and parallel-
sided, obsoletely pilose and somewhat nitidulous ; clypeus very
.large and hardly shorter than the face, basally truncate, apically

broadly rounded, subglabrous ;
labruui strongly exserted, semi-
circular ; mandibles curved
above, apically blackish, with
the upper tooth much the
longer ; cheeks fully as long as
the basal breadth of the man-
dibles ; eyes somewhat deeply
emarginate next the scrobes.
Antennce filiform, slender, and
as long as the body, black,
with the scape flavous through-
• Fig 22 out 5 flagellum rut'escent at the

Echthromorpha insidiator, Smith. base and extreme apex, with
the seven basal joints elongate

;and apically subnodulose ; scape externally excised throughout.
Thorax flavous, with the shallowly and irregularly punctate meso-
notum (except two vittae), its pleurae above and in front, and the
whole sternum, black ; metathorax with no areae, basally closely
punctate and subrufescent, its apical half and areolar region quite
glabrous ; spiracles elongate and very large. Abdomen nearly
parallel-sided and flavous, with the segments, except at their
smooth apices, evenly punctate and brunneous or blackish;
tubercles obsolete and the central segments obliquely incised at
their basal angles ; basal segment nitidulous and subglabrous,
a little longer than apically broad, constricted before the base
and centrally canaliculate to its middle ; eighth segment discally
•emarginate; terebra half the length of the abdomen, black, with
the spicula very stout and the valvulae internally setiferous. Legs
fulvous and somewhat stout, with the apices of the large and
strongly curved, though not basally lobate, tarsal claws alone
infuscate ; anterior coxae flavous ; hind femora centrally impressed
above. Wings ample and faintly siliceous, with a conspicuous
apical infumnte dot : radix and tegulae fulvous, costa and stigma
piceous, with the latter centrally rufescent ; areolet obliquely
subtriangular, emitting the recurrent nervure from its centre ;
radius strongly sinuate, internal cubital straight; first recurrent

H 2

100 ICHNEUMOXIDJE.

of the bind wings strongly postfurcal and emitting the nervelliify
at its junction with the median nervure.

Length 16-17 raillim.

I can find no structural distinction between tbis species and
the next, but the coloration is very different and appears to be
quite constant.

There are two specimens of this species, labelled " Indrulaman,.
October, 1895 ; A. Everett," in Col. Bingham's collection. Both
sexes are represented in the collections at Oxford and Genoa ; the
male in the former has weak alar infumescence, and the female in
the latter was captured by L. Fea at Bbamo in Burma, during
August, 1885. Mr. Green has just sent me a fine female taken
on a window-pane in a house at Peradeniya in Ceylon, late in
1909. I have seen both sexes from Mysol, and am satisfied that
the present species is Phnpla insidiator, Smith, from the same
island, though slightly different in its paler coloration. The species
also occurs from Celebes to Queensland.

54. Echthromorpha notnlatoria, F.

Cryptus notulatorius, Fabricius, Piez. 1804, p. 77.

Pimpla continua, Bralle", Hist. Nat. Jns. Hyiu. iv, 1846, p. 92 ( $> ).

Chnisopimpla oniatijxs, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 18fr

(6 2)
Echthromorpha Iteca, Cameron,* Jour. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 1903r

p. 135 (cf).
Echthromorpha orrwtipes, Cameron, Spol. Zevl. 1905, pi. B",

Echthromorpha notulatoria var. immaculiita, Morley, Rev. Ichu.
Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 46 ( rf ).

Very similar to the preceding, but with the black markings
much "more profuse. Head very narrow behind the prominent
eyes ; flavous, with the concave and bordered occiput centrally,
the centre of the carinate frons, and usually the ocellar region,
alcne black ; face shallowly and distinctly punctate, quadrate and
parallel-sided, obsoletely pilose and somewhat nitidulous ; clypeus
very large and hardly shorter than the face, basally and apically
truncate, surmounted by the prominent and broadly rounded
labrum ; mandibles sinuate above and apically somewhat infuscate ;
cheeks fully as long as the basal breadth of the mandibles, eyes
somewhat deeply emarginate next the scrobes. Antenna filiform r
slender and as long as the body ; black, with the base and extreme
apex pale, and the basal flagellar joints elongate and apically
subnodulose ; scape very deeply excised externally. Thora.r
mainly black ; the prothorax, two elongate vittae on the meso-
notum, a large callosity beneath and a small one before the radix,
a large specular mark and a dot above the intermediate coxa>,
bright flavous ; inetathorax often flavous laterally, but usually
subrufescent, with the spiracles and a line between" them and the
base black; metanotum (except centrally) evenly punctate and
flavous-pilose ; spiracles elongate and very large. Abdomen

ECHTHIICXMOHPHA. 101

parallel-sided, evenly and distinctly punctate, black, with the
apices of all the segments bright flavous, glabrous and elevated ;
the basal segment glabrous throughout, constricted before its base
and not deeply canaliculate ; basal angles of the following black
and obliquely incised ; seventh and eighth segments entirely
castaneous and the latter discally emarginate ; terebra half the
length of the abdomen, stout, with the black valvulfe internally
setiferous. Legs stout and fulvous, with the strongly curved
•claws blackish, but not basally lobate ; anterior legs entirely
flavous ; the hind coxao and trochanters concolorous, the latter
always with their under and external surfaces, and a more or less
broad streak above, deep black ; hind femora not impressed above.
\Vinys exactly as in the preceding species, but with the costa and
stigma usually castaneous.

Length 7—18 millim.

This species is so very closely allied to the last-described, that
I for long hesitated to accord it specific rank ; but, in the sixty-
seven species 1 have examined, all have the hind coxa? distinctly
black-marked and the abdomen deep black with only the apical
margins of the segments pale, whereas in the former the abdomen
is mainly rufescent or at most brunneous, with very indefinite
bands, and the coxae immaculate.

The male of this species is remarkable for the very nodose base
and apex of the flagellar joints ; its hind femora are occasionally,
and the hind tarsi always, blackish, and the thoracic black markings
are, perhaps, a little less profuse than are those of the female.
The size of both sexes is extremely variable.

No doubt can remain respecting the synonymy of Cameron's
two species ; the types of both are in the British Museum, and
I have carefully examined them : the wonder is that one man
could have twice described so distinct an insect. I have seen
another large female, labelled " type " of Chrysopimpla ornatipes
by Cameron also, in the Oxford Museum.

I have seen two males, which differ in no way from E. notu-
laioria excepting in the total lack of all alar inf umescence. These
appear worthy of a varietal (possibly specific) name, and I have
proposed to term them var. immaculata. E. maculipes, Cam.
{Journ. Str. Brch. E. Asiatic Soc. 1905, p. 121), from Borneo,
the type of which I have seen in the British Museum, differs
only in its somewhat more elongately petiolate areolet, and should
be included among the synonyms of the present species.

This is one of the most abundant of Indian PIMPLIN.E, at least
in the central and southern districts, though the late Col. C. T.
Bingham captured but two females, both at Sikkim, between April
and June 1900. Our earliest record is represented by a female
in the British Museum, taken by Capt. Laing in October 1867
in Oudh, in Northern India. Cameron's species was first described
from the Khasi Hills of Assam, and I have seen the type of both
sexes in the British Museum, where are several other examples
from the same locality. In the Pusa collection is a very long

102 ICHXEUMOXIDJE.

series of both sexes from Samalkota in Madras, Buxa Dunrs,.
Pusa, Samastipur and Chapra in Bengal, and from Poona in
Bombay, taken by Mackenzie, D. Nowrojee, G. E. Dutt and
others, in and upon wild and cultivated grasses, on weeds, in
fields and forests, on oats, lucerne, and in May on flowers, often
while flying, during January, February, March, April, May, June,
August and October. It lias also been found at Peradeniya, in
Ceylon (cf. Spolia Zeylanica, iii, pt. 10, p. 135), by Mr. Ernest
Green, who has kindly sent me females from Kaudy in April and
May, and both sexes from Maskeliya in January. There are
several old specimens from Bombay and Ceylon in the Oxford
Museum. Mr. "Wick war took males at Kandy in September
1909, and Colombo, Ceylon, in April 1908. It is evidently
common at Calcutta, to judge from the number in the Museum
there, which also contains examples from Bangalore, captured in
early September; from Mergui in Lower Burma (W. Dolierty}-.
and from Aijal in the Lushai Hills of Assam (E. C. Macleod) at
an altitude of 3000 feet, in June 1904. The typical male of
Cameron's E. Icfva was found at Kuchiug, in Borneo, on 30th
January 1902; I fail to follow his reference of it (loc. cit.) to-
Singapore, where it was, however, found commonly by Mr. H. N,
Kidley in 1895 and 1904.

55. Echthromorpha pershnilis, Cam.

Chrysopimpla perswiilis, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 188 (cO-

"Head shining, impunctate ; the front broadly, the ocellar
region, the vertex and occiput, except at the sides, black ;.
mandibular teeth black. Antennae slightly longer than the body ;
the scape yellow ; the base and apex of the flagellum more or less
brownish. Thorax shining, impunctate, except behind the meta-
thoracic spiracles, where it is rough and irregularly puncturedr
and the extreme apex of the mesopleura?, which is creuulated ;
on the mesonotum are two lines, dilated at the base, narrowed
towards the apex, running from the base [sic] to the scutellum ;
the scutellum, postscutellum, the base of the propleune, a large
mark on the mesopleura?, broad at the base and continued narrowly
there to the sternum, and irregularly rounded behind, and the
metapleurae, except the base and a line running obliquely to the
spiracles, yellow. The median segment [metathorax] is yellow,
except for a broad hourglass-shaped mark, down the centre. The
petiole is smooth and shining, impunctate; the apex broadly
yellow ; the black at the apex and sides running into rufous ; the
other segments are closely and rather strongly punctured, except
on the yellow apices ; the depressions are not very strongly
impressed, the apical segments entirely fulvous rufous ; the ventral
surface yellowish. Legs fulvous; the four front' cox» and tro-
chanter?, and the hinder, except the base broadly behind, inside
and out, «nd a mark, gradually dilated from the base to the apex
in the middle, black ; the hinder tarsi fuscous. Wings hyaline-

ECHTJIROMORPHA. 103

except for a fuscous violaceous cloud in the apex of the radial aud
the top of the cubital cellules ; the areolet oblique ; the transverse
cubital nervnres imite at the top, but do not form a petiole ;
the recurrent nervure is received shortly before the middle of the
cellule.

"Length 9 millim.

" This species looks like a small form of the preceding (P. [sic~]
ornatipes), with which it agrees closely in general coloration ; but
it is, I believe, quite distinct. Apart from the size, it differs in
having the thorax quite smooth, without any punctures ; the
areoiet is not petiolated ; the abdominal depressions are very
indistinct ; the hinder coxae not black marked with yellow, but
yellow and fulvous marked with black above and at the side."

I quote Cameron's description of this species, which I do not
know, if the thorax is really impunctate. Though the depth of
the thoracic punctation is always proportionately diminished in
smaller specimens of Echthromorpha, I have seen none quite
glabrous. His other distinctions are, of course, prone to some
variability throughout the ICHNEUMON ID M. Mr. T. Bainbrigge
Fletcher has given me a J , with punct uration only at the base
of the metanotum, captured at Madulsima, in Ceylon, on 22nd
May 1908.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Eotlmey}.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

56. Echthromorpha intricatoria, F.

Cri/ptitsintric(ttomts,~FiibYici\is) Piez. 1804, p. 77 ($) ; Trentepohl.

Isis, 1829, p. 847 ($).
Ichneumon intricatorius, Thunberg, Mem. Ac. Sc. St. Petersb. 1822,

p. 278; id., op. cit. 1824, p. 356.
Pimpla excavata, Guillen, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1841, p. 302 ;

id., Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 322 ( $ ).

Pimpla intricator, Erichson, Arch. Naturg. viii, 1841, p. 254.
Pimpla intricatoria, Brullri, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, p. 90 (tf 9).
Echthromorpha intricutoria, Krieger, Sitz. Nat. Ges. Leipzig, 1899,

p.69(rf$).

cJ 9 • A black species with only small, well-defined, bright
flavous markings and red legs. Head black, with the outer and
frontal orbits narrowly, the whole face and mouth in $ red and
in d1 flavescent; frons strongly concave. Antennae longer than
the body, fulvous, with the flagellum (except basally) black above ;
joints apically nodose. Thorax black, with small and bright
iflavous dots on either side before the radices, in the centre and at
the apex of the mesopleurse, above the coxal areae, and on the
very distinct but obtuse apophyses ; metathorax with no arese,
somewhat strongly trans-strigose throughout to near the glabrous
apex ; spiracles large and elongate. ScuteUum and postscutellum
convex, the former sparsely punctate, the latter glabrous and
entirely flavous ; scutellar carinse centrally concolorous. Abdomen
black and not strongly nitidulous, with a somewhat small and

104 ICIINEUMONID.i:.

circular flavous dot in the apical angles of the six basal segments ;
first segment nearly twice as long as apically broad, glabrous and
shallowly sulcate to near its apex, with the prominent spiracles a
little before its centre ; second subquadrate and tlie following
transverse; terebra stout and slightly longer than half the
abdomen. Leys clear red, with the posterior coxse and trochanters
entirely, and the hind tarsi apically, black. Winys as in the
preceding species.

Lenyth 10-25 millhn.

The great variation in size is remarkable, and individuals of the
above variable dimensions, together with intermediate gradations,
are represented in the British Museum.

I have drawn the above description of this abundantly distinct
species from a single male in the collection of the Oxford University
Museum, which is simply labelled " India." Excepting its lack of
a distinct petiolar metathoracic area, it might be placed in Allo-
thtronia, Ashm. (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 57) ; but if such
were the case, I should have no hesitation in synonvmising that
genus with Echthromorplia, from which its author so inadequately
distinguishes it.

This is a common species throughout the Australasian region,
well known from both Australia and Tasmania; there are
examples in the British Museum collection from Queensland,
New South Wales (Sydney, &c.), Victoria, King Island, Tasmania
(Hobart, &c.), and a single female "bred from larva of large
Bombyx"; this is the first intimation we have had respecting its
hosts, and its detection in India — which certainly needs con-
firmation— extends its known distribution some thousands of
miles.

Genus HABROPIMPLA, Cam.
Habrojritnpla, Cameron, Mauch. Mem. 1900, p. 97.

GENOTYPE, H. Mineata, Cam.

Head broader than long ; clypeus glabrous and impunctate,
basally discrete and apically obliquely depressed ; eyes slightly
emarginate internally ; mandibles bidentate, with the teeth of
equal length. Apical flagellar joints subdilated apically. Meso-
rotum nitidulous, with the notauli obsolete ; metanotum glabrous,
with neither area? nor carinae, its disc transversely strigose ; meta-
pleurae aciculate and apically stoutly carinate ; spiracles large and
linear, of equal breadth throughout, rounded at both extremities,
and situated but slightly before the centre. Scutellum subde-
planate, longer than broad, and subconstricted apically, glabrous,
with the deeply discreted postscutellum impunctate. Abdomen
smooth, nitidulous and subimpunctate ; central segments obliquely
impressed laterally; the first basally impressed and tuberculat'e
above the spiracles beyond the centre ; gastrocoali of the second
oblique, narrow, glabrous, and extending slightly beyond the

II AB II OP I M PL A. 105

spiracles. Legs stout, normal, and as in Pimpla. Areolet oblique,
sessile or subpetiolate ; radius distinctly reflexed basally ; wings
hyaline.

Range. Assam.

" This genus comes near to CUrysopimpla, not only in the
presence of the yellowish colour, but in the form of the areolet
and in the curved apex of the radius : but differs from it in the
face not being so elongated ; in the much shorter clypeus, which
is obliquely depressed at the apex ; in the eyes being more distant
from the base of the mandibles ; in the spiracles being placed
more behind the middle of the petiole ; in the hinder tarsi being
more slender and longer compared with the tibiae ; and in there
being no cloud at the apex of the fore wings." (Cameron, loc. cit.)

It differs from Exeristes, Forst., in the linear metathoracic
spiracles, &c. ; no $ is yet known.

57. Habropimpla bilineata, Cam.

Habropimpla bilineata, Cameron,* Mancli. Mem, 1900, p. 97 (<5).

A black species, with the scape, scutellum, metanotal stripes,
and most of the legs stramineous. Head black, with the supra-
•clypeal foveae, the clypeus, except centrally, and the palpi, flavous ;
mandibles immaculate and palpi white-pilose ; face rugosely
punctate and centrally subcarinate ; frons and vertex glabrous ;
ocelli circumcanaliculate. Antennae, black, with the nagellum
pubescent and basally brunneous beneath ; scape punctate, flavous
beneath and apically pale-pilose. Thorax black, with the radices,
•a line on the apex of the pronotum, and internally apically di-
lated lines on either side o£
the metanotum, sulphureous ;
mesonotum smooth, shining,
with dense inf uscate pubesence ;
metanotum centrally impressed
at the base, smooth and laterally
subrugulose, with the petiolar
region glabrous and nitidulous ;
pro- and meso-pleurae impunc-
tate and glabrous, with their
apices crenulate. Scutelluw
sparsely and postscutellum
Fig. 93. densely infuscate-pilose. the

Habropimpla bilineata, Cam. latter with its lateral impres-

sions broad, smooth and shallow.

Abdomen black, with the three basal segments laterally broadly
and apically narrowly, sulphureous ; the fourth and fifth laterally
at the apex, and the former with the whole apex narrowly,
sulphureous ; remainder of the second to fourth segments flavidous;
three basal segments superficially punctate, the third basally

106

broadly and obliquely impressed. Leys: anterior pairs uniformly
stramineous throughout; hind pair black, with the coxa? broadly
centrally above, the trochanters (except at their apices), the
femora above, and the tibia? very broadly in the centre, flavous.
Winys fulvo-hyaline, with the nervures and stigma black.

Length 14 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey).

Type in the British Museum ; both antennae are broken, and
the apex of the abdomen is entirely destroyed.

The extent of the black markings on the legs is variable,
especially in the case of the femora.

Genus LISSOPIMPLA, Kritch.

Lissopitnpla, Kriechbaumer, Ent. Naclir. 1889, p. 309.
Xenopimpla, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1898, p. 28. — (Type, Rhyssa
semipunctata, Kirby).

GENOTYPE, L. octorjuttata, Kriech.

Face longitudinally subtricarinate ; eyes distinctly emarginate
internally ; clypeus apically broadly rounded and of normal length ;
labrum exserted ; mandibular teeth very small. Antennae slender »
filiform and often pale-banded. Mesonotum not transversely
strigose ; notauli deeply impressed and discally coalescent ; meta-
thoracic areola wanting, but petiolar area distinct ; apophyses
very large ; spiracles large and linear. Abdomen impunctate and
entirely glabrous ; segments obliquely incised basally, with the
second of $ not longer than broad ; terebra shorter than body :
venter strongly plicate. Front tibiae a little inflated ; hind femora
dentate beneath before their apices ; claws stout and simple.
Areolet entire and emitting the recurrent nervure beyond its
centre ; nervellus emitted from junction of first recurrent with
the basally entire median nervure of hind wing.

Range. Five species of this very distinct genus have been
described, all from the Australasian region ; and 1 am glad to be
able to assign to its correct genus another from so much further
north.

58. Lissopimpla albopicta, Walk.

? Cryptiis albopiclus, Smith, Jotirn. Linn. Soc., Zool. 1860, p. 61,

Suppl.(9).

Pimpla albopicta, Walker,* Ann. Xat. Hist, (3) v. 1860, p. 306 ($ ).
Lutopimpla rufpes, Cameron, Spol. Zeyl. 1905, p. 140, pi. B,

fig. 14($).

c? $ . A somewhat deplanate, black and flavous species, with
(in $ ) white-banded antennae. Head pale stramineous, with the
occiput (except immediately behind the eyes), the entire and

LISSOPIMPLA.

107

Fig. 24.

Lissopimpla albomcta, Walk.

narrow vertex, and the centre of the concave frons, black ; scrobes
glabrous and large ; face distinctly though not deeply punctate
throughout, longitudinally tricarinate ; clypeus less than half the-
length of the face, broadly rounded at the base and apex, a little
shorter than the exserted and conical labrum ; mandibles with the
teeth minute and blackish, their base not broader than the length
of the cheeks ; eyes somewhat deeply
emarginate next the scrobes. An-
tennae setaceous and very slender,,
black, with the scape, and in <$
nagelhtm, red beneath ; eighth to the
twelfth flagellar joints of 5 pure
white ; joints not nodulose. TJiorax
black, with the whole sternum,,
large spots on the meso- and meta-
pleurse, elongate callosities before and
beneath the radix, a transverse line
below the hind wings, basal carina&
of the scutellum and postscutellum,.
and the three metathoracic spines,
pale stramineous ; notauli deeply im-
pressed and extending to the disc;
metanotum trans-strigose through-
out, apophyses large and obtuse in

2 and subobsolete in d1; petiolar area subglabrous and basally
produced into a large and stout spine ; lateral costa distinct,
spiracles elongate and very large. Scutellum of J white.
Abdomen nitidulous and entirely glabrous, stramineous, with the
base of all the segments broadly black ; the first distinctly longer
than apically broad, with the deplanate basal carinse pale and not
extending beyond the centre ; the following segments obliquely
incised at their basal angles ; anus and the strongly plicate venter
pale ; terebra exactly half the length of the abdomen, spicula red
and the hardly pilose valvular black. Leys entirely ochreous, with
the c? hind tarsi alone infuscate ; claws large, curved but not
lobate ; hind femora distinctly dentate below at their apical third;
front tibiae subintumescent. Wirn/s normal and hyaline ; radix
and tegulse flavous, costa piceous, and the stigma ferruginous ;
areolet subsessile, obliquely triangular and emitting the recurrent
uervure beyond its centre ; radius strongly curved above the-
areolet; first recurrent of lower wings postfurcal and emitting
the nervellus from its junction with the median nervure.
Length 8-14 millim.

I had drawn up the above description before seeing the type
of "Walker's species in the British Museum ; it is undoubtedly
synonymous with L. rvfipes, Cam., and was originally described
as : — Shining and black, with the underside red. Head white,,
with a flavous anterior stripe, eyes internally emarginate next
the scrobes , palpi white. Antennae elongate and slender, black,
with white band before their centre; scape red. Thorax with

108 ICHMUMCMHDJJ.

several white marks or blotches. Abdomen cylindrical, narrower
and much longer than the thorax, with two small longitudinal
white basal lines and the apical margin of the segments cou-
colorous, that of the central ones being testaceous ; terebra shorter
than half the body. Wings greyish and 21 millim. in expanse ;
costa and nervures black ; areolet irregularly tetragonal, with the
external less than half the length of the internal uervure.

Length 13 millim.

The description of the head as white is misleading, and no one
appears to have recognised this species since it was first brought
forward, although Motschulsky refers to it as occurring in Ceylon
(Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, 1863, p. 30). Walker says (Ann. Nat.
Hist. 1860, p. 306) that "this species is erroneously named
Cryptus allripktus in the list of Ceylon insects lately published in
Sir F. Tennent's work on Ceylon." But Smith's Cryptus is only
recorded from Celebes, and is probably distinct : nor do I find
such an insect in either of Sir J. E. Tennent's works on the
subject.

L. albopicta is probably not an uncommon species throughout
India, where it extends from Ceylon (Dr. Thwaites) to an altitude
of 6000 feet in the Khasi Hills of Assam (If. Turner) ; I have
seen examples captured in Sikkim in the Himalayas in April 1891
{Col. Binrjliam\ and there is one in the Pusa collection from
Naduvantum, 7000 ft., in the Nilgiri Hills of Madras (W. Itoivson,
May 1904). Cameron, who records it from both Maskeliya and
Peradeniya, in Ceylon, in April and August, failed to recognise it
as already described, although he refers (Spolia Zeylanica, 1905,
p. 69) to Walker's types, which he supposed were not in the
British Museum, " otherwise Col. C. T. Bingham would have
described the aculeates in his work .... In that work he has
merely reproduced Walker?s descriptions." The male appears
much the rarer sex, and the only example I have seen was
captured by sweeping in the jungle at Peradeniya in Ceylon, in
May 1909'(£ E. Green).

Genus XANTHOPIMPLA, Sous.
XantJiopimpla. Siutssure, Grand. Hist. Madag., Hym. 1892, pi. xiii.

GENOTYPE, Pimpla punctata, F.

Body stout, flavous and more or less profusely black-marked.
Head strongly oblique posteriorly ; clvpeus distinctly discrete,
apically truncate and closely fitting upon the very large and
triangular labrum ; upper mandibular tooth obsolete ; cheeks very
short and the eyes strongly emargiuate internally. Apical fiagellar
joint not longer than the two penultimate. Mesonoturn not
transversely strigose ; metathorax short, with strongly carinate
areae, of which the basal is entirely wanting ; spiracles large and
linear. Scutellum discally suhpyramidal, and i'oliaceously mar-
gined laterally. Abdominal impressions transverse and, at the

XAXTHOPIMPLA. 109-

basal angles of the segments, oblique ; second segment of $
not longer than broad ; terebra shorter than the body. Legs-
stout and not elongate ; apical hind tarsal joint fully twice as
long as the penultimate ; claws not pectinate nor basally lobate ;
pulvilli often strongly elongate. Areolet entire, triangular and
usually subpetiolate ; first recurrent nervure of the lower wings
intercepted distinctly above the centre.

Ranye. Australasia, Malay Archipelago, Japan, China, Tibet,.
India and Africa.

This genus,* which was named though not described by Saussure,
is well represented in India, but the species appear to be in a
state of transition, and it is very difficult to determine between
varietal and specific distinctions ; nor has Cameron's lack of
mention of the more important structural characters in his earlier
papers, or his description of them in his later ones, tended to
render the task of naming specimens from his descriptions eassy ;
some of my supposed new species may be among those brought
forward by him, but if such be the case I have failed to identify
them. The mainly flavous body and explanate scutellar border
render this genus very conspicuously distinct. The discretion of
the labrum from the clypeus has hitherto been overlooked.

That Pimpla punctator, L. (Syst. Nat. 1767, p. 935 f) and
Pimpla punctata, V. (Sp. Ins. 1781, p. 437) belong to the present
genus appears to be tolerably certain ; but to which of the modern,
species they are to be referred I have had until recently no idea.
That they are riot synonymous, as treated by Dalla Torre (Cat,
Hym. 1901, p. 458), is, I think, sufficiently apparent from the
circumstance that I'abricius described both (Systema Piezatorum,
1804, pp. 114 et 119). The latter considered both Linnc's species
as synonymous with his own P. pedator, which had all the abdominal
segments black-marked, whereas in P. punctator only six are so-
described, and P. punctata has but five with a spot on either side.
Van Vollenhoven has gone somewhat deeply into the matter in
his paper " Einige neue Arten von Pimplarien aus Ost-Indien >r
(Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 143) ; but he appears to have possessed
insufficient material and to have been too prone to erect barely

* Cameron (Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 163) says that Pimpla dedaior, F.,
belongs to this section of the unrestricted genus ; this is a lapsus calami for
P. pedator, F. (Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 828). A J specimen of this genus is
figured, together with the cocoon from which, it had emerged, in the Kev. J.
G. Wood's " Strange Dwellings,'' p. 294 ; he says that a few only prey upon
each host-larva, destroying it between the periods of cocoon construction and
pupation, and that they themselves weave irregularly shaped, angular cocoons-
within that of the defunct host, which in this case was probably a moth allied
to Attacus atlas.

t The following is Linnaeus' description of P. pvnctator: "I. flavus punctis
nigris, abdoinine sessili. Habitat^ in Indiis. Corpus flavum, magnitudine

tus. Scutellum
urn 6 nigris, sen
_____ __ - ___. __vior. Antennae-

i lutei puncto 1 s. 2 nigi

HO ICHNECMONID.E.

described varieties iu place of species. Brulle, he contends, had
(Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, p. 94) in 1846 reversed Pimpla pedatoi

is distinctly transverse. Thereupon Vollenhoven gives the de-
scription of an insect under the former name, which agrees very
well with those we now know as Xanthopimpla lepclia and X. reyina,
but he unfortunately omits to mention the terebral length.

Dr. K. Krieger does not pretend, in his very excellent account
of the present genus (Ber. Nat. (res. Leipzig, 1899, p. 101), to
determine the species of Fabricius, but describes a § , agreeing
with Brulle's description in every way, excepting its coloration.
That it cannot, however, he referred to P. punctator is shown by
its possession of but four abdominal spots on either side, and I
am quite satisfied that it is synonymous with P. punctata, F.,
since the alternate segments are alone maculate, the areola is
transverse and basally much constricted, the second segment
centrally smooth and nitidulous, the third coarsely and diffusely
punctate, and the terebra is deflexed and as long as the hind
tibia? with their tarsi, excepting the claws (cf. also Smith, Proc.
Linn. Soc. li. 1857, p. 119).

Without an examination of the type specimens, which I have
been enabled to effect only in the case of the Bariksian Cabinet,
it is, I fear, useless to retain these ancient and insufficiently
defined names.

If these insects be not killed with cyanide of potassium their
coloration is often a good guide to specific distinction ; but I have
rarely been enabled to rely upon this feature to any extent, owing
to the large percentage of ancient, and more usually discoloured
specimens, which have been the best at my disposal.

Xanthopimpla is known to prey upon Xoctuid and Pyralid
moths in India ; it has also been recorded from species of Papilio
and Cricula, and Mr. llowland Turner tells me that it is parasitic
upon the grand and exclusively Oriental Ornithoptera, Boisd., which
genus, however, does not occur in Madagascar, whence Xantho-
pimpla was first mentioned by Saussure. Vollenhoven tells us it
is probably destructive to several species of Lepidoptera, adding
that Dr. Piepers bred a <J of his X. punctator from the pupa of
Papilio pammoii, L., in Celebes. Mr. E. C. Cotes is also said to
have bred specimens from larva? of the Bombycid moth, Cricula
trifen'strata, in Hazenburgh (Mauch. Mem. 1891, p. 5), where
Pimpla zebra, Yoll., is stated to have been likewise raised from
the same species. Mr. E. P. Stebbing tells us (Journ. Bombay
Nat. Hist. Soc. xvi, p. 684) that Pimpla punctator is parasitic upon
various species of defoliating SATURNIID.«, but I do not know
to which of the modern species to assign his observations, which
are somewhat general in character, since he also remarks that
various species of Glypta, Pimpla, &c., are beneficial in reducing
'tho numbers of Ifyblera puere, the common teak defoliator.

XAXTHOPIMPL.l. Ill

Table of Species.

1 (50) Abdomen distinct!}' punctate at least

iu centre of central segments.

2 (49) Mesouotal vittae not carinate; scutel-

lum less distinctly bordered.

3 (32) Antenuae not longer than body ; areolet

not or hardly petiolate.

4 (9) Metanotal areola entirely wanting

beyoud the costulae.

5 (8) Areolet entire ; mesoiiotuni not cen-

trally sulcate.

6 (7) Antennae basally rufescent ; eighth

abdominal segment with two black

spots tiyris, Krieg., p. 113.

7 (6) Antennae black above ; eighth abdo- [p. 114.

minal segment black with base pale . carimaculata, Caua.,

8 (5) Areolet wanting ; mesonotum longi-

tudinally sulcate in centre . ncetiia, sp. n., p. 115.

9 (4) Metauotal areola distinctly carinate

throughout (except X. kandiensis).

10 (15) Areola not transverse, usually dis-

tinctly hexagonal.

11 (12) Apical radial abscissa strongly sinuate;

thorax immaculate immaculata, sp. n.,

12 (11) Apical radial abscissa hardly sinuate ; [p. 115.

thorax black-marked.

13 (14) Terebra shorter than half abdomen ;

scutellum subpyramidal pedator, F., p. 116.

14 (13) Terebra at least equal to half abdomen ;

scutellum simply convex reyina, sp. n., p. 118.

15 (10) Areola more or less transverse and

often not hexagonal.

16 (23) Areola only slightly broader than long

and subhexagonal.

17 (18) Central mesouotal lobe sulcate ; wings

apically infumate trifasciata, Smith,

18 (17) Central inesonotal lobe entire ; wings [p. 119.

obsoletely infumate.

19 (20) Petiolar fascia entire ; hind femora

black-marked fasciata, Krieg., p. 121.

20 (19) Petiolar fascia centrally interrupted;

hind femora immaculate.

21 (22) Second segment black-marked ; hind

tibiae immaculate nursei, Cam., p. 121.

22 (21) Second segment immaculate ; hind

tibiae basaily black transversalis, Voll.,

23 (16) Areola very much broader than long, [p. 122.

constricted throughout towards base.

24 (29) Face not pyramidally prominent ; only

alternate segments usually black-
marked.

25 (26) Third segment with only two marks

black ; antennae black kandiensis, Cam.,

26 (25) Third segment not so marked; antennae [p. 123.

paler.
-27 (28) Third segment apically, and a line on

hind tibiae, black tibialis, sp. n., p. 124.

1 12 ICIINEUMONJDJE.

28 (27) Third segment, and hind tibiae, apically

immaculate punctata, F., p. 124.

29 (24) Face pyramidally prominent; nearly all

the segments black-marked.

30 (31) Metathorax and second segment im-

maculate soleata, Krieg., p. 125.

31 (30) Metathorax and second segment black-

marked pardftlis, Krieg., p. 1 26.

32 (3) Antennae longer than body, or areolet

distinctly petiolate.

33 (46) Hind tibiae with no red apical spines ;

length not 7-9 miliim.

34 (43) Length not less than 10 miliim. ; meso-

notal disc black-marked.

35 (36) Mesonotum closely punctate basally . . appendicularis, Cam.,

36 (35) Mesonotum not " or but obsoletely [p. 127.

punctate.

37 (40) Areola of metanotum apicalhr wanting.

38 (39) Xotauli obsolescent, indicated only at

the apex ; basal segment shorter .... krieyeriana, Cam.,

39 (38) Xotauli extending to centre of disc; [p. 128.

basal segment longer sexlineata, Cam., p. 129.

40 (37) Areola of metanotum apically entire.

41 (42) Xotauli extending to disc ; central [p. 130.

segments strongly punctate taprobanica, Cam.,

42 (41) Xotauli obsolete and apical; central [p. 131.

segments feebly punctate sikkimensis, Cam.,

43 (34) Length not more than 6 miliim. ; ineso-

notal disc not black- marked.

44 (45) Xotauli distinct ; hind trochanters im-

maculate minuta, Cam., p. 132.

45 (44) Xotauli obsolete ; hind trochantere

black-marked parra, Cam., p. 132.

46 (33) Hind tibiae with three pairs of red

apical spines ; length 7-9 miliim.

47 (48) Xotauli deep; third segment banded

with black binyhami, Cam., p. 133.

48 (47) Xotiiuli obsolete ; third segment bi-

notated with black cera, Cam., p. 134.

49 (2) Vittae carinate ; scutellum more dis-

tinctly bordered honorata, Cam., p. 134.

50 (1) Abdomen glabrous and entirely im-

punctate throughout.

51 (52) Metanotal areola quadrate ktiasiaiia, Cam., p. 135.

52 (51) MetaiKital areola distinctly broader

than long.

53 (50) Areolet not petiolate ; occipital region

black-marked.

54 (55) External are.-e not laterally explanate ;

basal segment immaculate indttbift, Com., p. 137.

55 (54) External areae laterally explanate ;

basal segment maculate" polyspila, Cam., p. 138.

56 (53) Areolet petiolnte; occipital region not

black-marked . appendicwlota, Cam.,

[p. 138.

XAKTHOPIMPLA. 113

59. Xanthopirapla tigris, Kriey. (Plate I, fig. 5.)

Xanthopimpla tiyris, Krieger, Ber. Nat. Ges. Leipzig, 1899, p. 75

(c?2).

Pimpla curvimaculata, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 158 (c?).

$ . Very like X. trifasciata, Sm., but with black abdominal
bands. Head very short, flavous, with the vertical occiput
centrally, and the ocellar region, black ; frons centrally elevated,
with the scrobes large and reaching the vertex ; face parallel-
sided, laterally subprominent and evenly punctate throughout ;
clypeus with labrum nearly circular, and slightly convex basally ;
mandibles elongate-triangular, apically infuscate, with the lower
tooth cylindrical and much the longer ; cheeks obsolete and eyes,
strongly emarginate next the scrobes. Antennae subfiliform,.
almost thicker towards their apices and as long as the body,
infuscate, with the scape stramineous beneath ; flagellum ferru-
ginous at the base and extreme apex, with the joints elongate
but hardly nodulose apically. Thorax nitidulous and obsoletely
punctate ; notauli distinct, but the mesonotum convex between
them, with a band composed of three black spots across its
disc, of which the exterior coalesce basally with a prescutellar
black spot ; mesosternum punctate and basally produced tri-
angularly between the intermediate coxae ; metathorax with very
indistinct areas ; areola wanting apically throughout ; petiolar
area basally weak, with no apophyses ; an oblique black spot in
the external arese ; spiracles linear and oblique. Scutellum flavous,
convex, with a broadly elevated lateral border on either side.
Abdomen flavous and distinctly shining, longitudinally and con-
fluently punctate ; a spot in centre of the two basal segments, of
which the first is usually transverse, a curved band on the third
and fifth, a straight one at the base of the seventh, and a dot on
either side of the fourth, sixth and often eighth segments, black ;
basal segment glabrous, with inconspicuous carina3, the following
not very strongly transverse, deeply impressed before their not
very shining apices, with tubercles wanting, their basal angles
obliquely incised and the eighth segment discally emarginate ;
terebra one-third the length of the abdomen. Legs as in X. tri-
fasciata, but with the whole apical joint of the hind tarsi black.
Wings also identical, but witli the recurrent nervure emitted
slightly before the apex of the areolet.

Length 12-15 millim.

SIKKIM, iv. 91 (BingTiam) • ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey,
Krieger}.

I had at first considered this 5 as no more than a colour
variety of X. trifasciata, but the anteriorly subconvex mesonotum.
broader scutellar border, and more nitidulous abdomen, with longer
segments, render it sufficiently distinct, without considering the
more profuse cephalic, thoracic and abdominal black markings.

Cameron, who knew only the <3 , indicates it as differing
from the $ merely in having the metathoracic areae for the

114 ICHNEUJIONIDJE.

greater part black, all the tarsal claws alone black, a broad
transverse mark on the petiole and an elongate one on either side
of the sixth segment also black ; the scape, he says, is covered
with somewhat long fulvous pilosity and the face is slightly
prominent in the centre. Krieger's description is very full
and leaves no room for doubt respecting the synonymy of this
species.

60. Xanthopimpla varimaculata, Cam.

Xanthopimpla varimaculata^ Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 103 (<3)-

cJ . A luteous species, with all the segments black-marked.
Head with the face and clypetis closely and distinctly, but not
very strongly, punctate ; ocellar region, and a broad irregular
-central mark on occiput, black. Antennae black, with the scape
flavous, and the flagellum piceous, beneath. Thorax with the
notauli distinct, narrow and not extending to the centre of the
sparsely and weakly punctate mesonotum ; a broad irregular
transverse band between the radices, united by two concolorous
lines on either side of the centre to a slightly broader and more
regular one at base of scutellum, the external "basal metanotal
are» nearly entirely, and a smaller basal spot between them,
black ; areola large and apically incomplete, <; the lateral apical
keels being only indicated on the 2nd transverse keel " ; .basal
external area entire, large, as long as basally broad and irregularly
constricted apically, "their outer edge is joined to the trans-
verse keel by a longitudinal one." Abdomen luteous, with black
markings thus : — first segment with a large mark on its apical
half which is roundly constricted gradually to its apex and
semicircularly incised at its base [? second with a small spot.
which is roundly constricted apically, with its base roundly
dilated centrally *] ; third with a large broad transverse mark,
which is gradually and obtusely constricted apically, incised in
the centre basally and broadly rounded laterally ; fourth with an
irregular basal spot on either side, which is broader then long ;
fifth with a broad transverse mark on its basal half which extends
almost to the lateral margin ; sixth with a small transverse basal
spot on either side ; seventh with a broad regular transverse
mark on its basal half which is externally rounded and extends
Almost to the lateral margin ; apical segment black with only its
base pale ; basal segment subparallel-sided, twice as long as broad
and impunctate; second to sixth closely but not very strongly
punctate ; transverse incisions narrow and crenulate. Legs
luteous ; hind ones with an internal and external spot on the
trochanters, apices of femora narrowly, base of tibiae more broadly

* Cameron's description is very obscure and badly punctuated ; no mention
is made of the " second segment," which words appear to have been deleted
in error.

XA.NTHOPIMPLA.. 115

and their tarsi, black. Wings hyaline, with their apices narrowly
infuinate ; stigma and nervures black ; areolet small, triangular
and subpetiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure from near its
apex.

Length 12 millim.

SIKKIM (Bingham).

Type. Location unknown.

01. Xanthopimpla nssnia, sp. 11.

5 . A species of average size, flavescent, with black thoracic,
cephalic and pedal dots, and the abdomen with three series of
duplicated bold marks on the central segments, the first and seventh
each with a transverse band, and the second with two spots,
black. Mesonotum centrally longitudinally canaliculate in front.
Terebra shorter than basal segment. Wings with no areolet.

Length 12 millim.

"INDIA" (Capt. Boys}.

No detailed description of this species is needed, since the
incomplete rnetathoracic areola resembles only that of the two
preceding species, from both of which it is at once distinguished
by the centrally sulcate mesonotum, entirely wanting areolet,
basally normal mesosternum, abdominal coloration and very short
terebra. The sulcate mesonotum is similar to that of X. tri-
fasciata, which has the areola entire, the areolet normal and the
alar apices distinctly infumate.

I have seen but a single female of this abnormal species, in
the collection of the Hope Department of the University Museum,
Oxford.

62. Xanthopimpla immaculata, sp. n.

<$ $ . A small, entirely pale fulvous species, with only the eyes,
ocelli and terebra black ; the stigma testaceous and the apical
abscissa of the radius strongly sinuate centrally.

Length 0-8 millim.

A detailed description of this species would be superfluous,
since it is so closely related to Xanthopimpla pedator as to render
it doubtful, until minute structural points be examined, whether
it really be more than a colour variety of that species. Super-
ficially it is at once recognised by its entirely immaculate thorax,
abdomen and legs, small size and pale antennae ; but a careful
examination will reveal that its terebra is much shorter than in
any of its allies, the radius is distinctly more sinuate and the
stigma uniformly testaceous, and not piceous. That it is really
distinct from X. pedator, however, I am not fully persuaded,
since I have seen a specimen from Chapra, in Bengal, which
combines the sinuate radius and the immaculate thorax with black
hind tibial bases and abdominal spots, though only 8 millim. in
length.

i2

116

ICHNETJMONIDJE.

I have seen a small collection of nine specimens of this species,
taken by Mackenzie at Chapra, in Bengal ; and one from Dacca,
in the same province, on the llth of January, 1906. The
type is in the Pusa collection, where also I have seen a J from
Jabalpur, in the Central Provinces, and two others bred in
Eastern Bengal from the Pyralid, Cnaphalocrocis m«2tnoltf, Guen.,
together with a $ bred from the Hesperid, Parnara mathias, P.,
at Palur in Madras. Mr. Wickwar took a $ at Mankulam, in
C«ylon, during November 1908, and Mr. Baly presented one to
the National Collection from "India" in 1851.

63. Xanthopimpla pedator, F.

Ichneumon pedator, Fabricius Syst Ent. 1775, p. 828; id, Spec.
Insect 1781, p. 429; id., Mant. Insect. 1787, p. 264; Gmelm,
Linn Syst. Nat. 1790, p. 2698; Christ, Naturg. 1791, p, 364;
Olivier, Encycl. Me"th. viii, 1792, p. 183 ; Fabncius, Ent. Syst. 11,

Pimpla pedator, Fabricius, Piez. 1804, p. 114.

Pimpla lepcha, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 163 ( $).

d $ . A strongly punctate, flavous species, with the thorax
and abdomen black-spotted. Head posteriorly declivous from
the eyes, with the occiput de-
planate, glabrous, black below
throughout and distinctly bor-
dered ; the centre of the concave
frons, and the ocelli, black ; face
strongly and deeply punctate
and dull, apically indistinctly
discrete from the transverse and
apically truncate clypeus, which
is surmounted by the elongately
exserted and triangular labrum ;
mandibles somewhat small, apic-
ally nigrescent and acuminate,
with the lower tooth the
longer ; cheeks obsolete, eyes
very strongly emarginate next

Fig. 25. — Xanthopimpla pedator,

the scrobes. Antennae a little shorter than the body, black, with
the extreme apex rufescent and the scape flavous beneath.
TJtorax stout and broad before the wings ; flavous, with three
oblong dots across the disc of the glabrous mesonotum, another
before the scutellum and one in the external areae, black ; meso-
sternum strongly and deeply punctate, notauli short and broad ;
upper metathoracic areas very strongly carinate, with the basal
area wanting ; areola quadrate, apically truncate and emitting
the costulse a little behind its centre ; petiolar area glabrous and
entire ; metathorax short, with the spiracles large and linear.
Scutellum flavous, centrally subpyramidal and narrowly bordered
throughout in both sexes. Abdomen flavous, not strongly shining

XANTHOPIMPLA. 117

and broadest distinctly behind the centre ; the five basal segments,
the seventh and sometimes the sixth with a subcircular spot,
representing the obsolete tubercles, on either side ; basal segment
discally glabrous, with distinct carinae extending almost to the
centrally elevated apex ; the following segments a little trans-
verse, becoming broader towards the anus, transversely impressed
before their hardly glabrous apices and obliquely at the basal
angles ; terebra hardly one-fourth of the abdominal length, stout,
black, with the valvulae indistinctly pilose. Legs stout and
somewhat short, with a spot on the hind trochanters, on their
femora internally at the apical third, the base of the posterior
tibiae and tarsi, and the hind tarsal claws, which are stout and
curved (though not basally lobate, nor longer than the pulvilli),
black. Wings ample and hyaline, hardly clouded at the extreme
apex ; radix and tegulae flavous, the latter apically black ; costa
and the not unusually broad stigma piceous ; areolet exactly
triangular, almost petiolate and emitting the recurrent nervure
from its centre ; first recurrent of lower wings strongly postfurcal
and emitting the nervellus from its upper fourth.
Length 14-17 millim.

Type in the G-lasgow Museum ; type of X. lepcha in the
British Museum.

This species is certainly very closely related to the following,
but will at once be recognised therefrom by the points of distinction
indicated under the latter. The form described by Cameron has
the mesonotal marks extending to the scutellum, and the second
segment immaculate ; but the abdominal spots vary in size and I
have seen a female in which they were subobsolete on that
segment ; he says the metathorax also is immaculate, but I have
seen nothing less than small black dots in the external areas.

I consider myself entirely justified in making use of the
Fabrician title for this species. I have already pointed out in
my remarks on the genus that it cannot be synonymous with
Ichneumon punctator, L. ; I have examined the type of Ichneumon
punctatus, I\, in the Banksian collection ; Cameron has sent a
female to the British Museum bearing this name and agreeing
entirely with his type there of Pimpla lepcha ; and entirely
analogous specimens have been named Pimpla pedator, I\, by
Fred. Smith.

In the Pusa collection are both sexes captured by H. H. Mason
and others at Eanchi and elsewhere in Bengal, in November 1906,
and January 1907 ; and the c? at Mussoori, 7000 ft., in October
1906. One 5 was bred from an unknown Lepidopterous chrysalis,
enclosed in a brownish cocoon, whence the parasite had gnawed
an exit through an irregularly circular hole in the head ; it is from
Nagpur, Central Provinces, and another is from Koilpati, Madras.
Eothney's $ is from the Khasi Hills, in Assam ; and Bingham
has three of the same sex, taken at Sikkim in April 1891 and
1900. A very large $ of this species was captured by the latter
in the Haundraw Valley, Tenasserim, during May 1890, and is

118

labelled by him "Pimpla insignata, Smith (var.), ?" which must
be a MS. name, though the example is in the National collection ;
another $ , also in the British Museum, bears a similar label and
was taken by him at Poona, in Bombay, during the following
November. L. Tea found one, now in the Genoa Museum, in
the Karen Hills, Burma, between May and December 1888, at
an altitude of 3000-3700 ft.; and Annandale took two £ at
Balighai and Puri on the Orissa coast, at the end of October
1908. In the Calcutta Museum are a dozen specimens of both
sexes, very constant inter se, bred froM Actias leto, Dbld., at
Darjiling, 6000 ft., taken at Margherita, Assam ; at Hazaribagh,
where it has also been bred from Anthercea frithi, Moore, and
Telegonus thrax; one is labelled "Pimpla criculce, Type" and two
"Parasite that attacks Cricula larva, bred 10th Jan., 1889"; a rf
also thus " Darjeeling ; Ichneumon bred from Teleg. thrax. March,
1888." I have examined specimens in the National collection
from Hong-Kong, Singapore, Chusan Island, Sandakan and
Tigombong. Dr. Imms has bred this species from the small
mulberry silkworm at Mussoori.

64. Xanthopimpla regina, sp. n.

<? $ . A strongly punctate, flavous species, with the thorax and
abdomen black-spotted. Head posteriorly declivous from the eyes,
occiput deplanate, glabrous, black below throughout and distinctly
bordered ; the centre of the concave frons and the ocelli black ;
face deeply and strongly punctate, not very shining, apically
indistinctly discrete from the transverse and apically truncate
clypeus ; labrum triangular and fully as long as the clypeus ;
mandibles stout, apically nigrescent and acuminate, with the lower
tooth the longer ; cheeks obsolete, eyes very strongly emarginate
next scrobes. Antenna slightly shorter than the body, black, with
the extreme apex rufescent, and the scape externally flavous
beneath. TJiorax stout and broad before the wings, flavous, with
three oblong dots across the disc of the glabrous mesonotum,
another before the scutellum, and small ones in the external areae,
black ; mesosternum closely and strongly punctate ; notauli short
and broad ; upper metathoracic area? very strongly carinate, with
the basal areae wanting ; areola quadrate, apically truncate and
emitting the costulae hardly beyond its centre ; petiolar area trans-
versely wrinkled at the base, and entire ; metathorax short, with
the spiracles large and linear. Scutellum flavous and distinctly
bordered throughout ; of J evenly convex and of $ centrally sub-
pyramidal. Abdomen flavous, not strongly shining and broadest
distinctly behind the centre; second to sixth segments with a
subcircular spot, representing the obsolete tubercles, on either
side ; basal segment ofj$ with indistinct carinae extending almost
to the centrally elevated apex, the c? carinae prominent and
terminating in the centre in a small black spot on either side ;

XANTHOPIMPLA. 119

the following segments a little transverse, becoming broader
towards the anus, transversely impressed before their apices and
obliquely at the basal angles ; the seventh segment irregularly
black in the centre ; terebra four-fifths the abdominal length,
stout, black, distinctly deflexed, with the valvulae hardly pilose.
Legs stout and somewhat short, with a spot at the base of the
hind trochanters, of their tibiae, and of their tarsi, another at the
internal apical third of the hind femora, and their tarsal claws,
black ; claws stout and curved, though not basally lobate nor
longer than the pulvilli. Wings ample and hyaline, hardly
clouded at the extreme apex ; radix and tegulse flavous, the latter
apically black; costa and the somewhat narrow stigma piceous;
areolet triangular, hardly petiolate and emitting the recurreut
nervure from its centre ; first recurrent of lower wings strongly
postfurcal and emitting the nervellus from its apical fourth.

Length 18 millim.

NEPAL ; SIKKIM : Sylhet (Bingham) ; BENGAL : Chapra ( Mac-
kenzie, Pusa coll.) ; BURMA : Mandalay (Bingham).

Type in the British Museum.

This species is so closely allied to the foregoing that I have had
considerable difficulty in convincing myself that they are actually
distinct ; but there can, I now consider, be no doubt that the
very much longer terebra and the simply convex scutellum of the
<$ constitute sufficient grounds for separating them, more especially
since I have had the opportunity of testing the reliability of these
distinctions through a series of specimens and have invariably
found them to be constant in every instance.

65. Xanthopimpla trifasciata, SmitJi.

Pimpla trifasciata, Smith,* Journ. Linn, Soc., Zool. viii, 1865, p. 64

($)•

Pimpla apicijiennis, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 161 ( 2 ).
Xanfhopimpla trifasciata, Krieger, Ber. Nat. Ges. Leipzig, 1899,

p. 65.

c? $ . A pale flavidous species, with black spots on the body
and on the apices of the wings. Head very short, entirely flavous,
with the ocelli in a common black spot ; occiput vertical from the
posterior margin of the eyes, glabrous and not bordered ; from
centrally elevated, with the scrobes large and reaching the vertex ;
face parallel-sided, subprotuberant laterally and deeply punctate
throughout ; clypeus with the labrum nearly circular and basally
tuberculate ; mandibles nearly triangular, apically piceous, with
the lower tooth cylindrical and much the longer ; cheeks obsolete,
eyes strongly emarginate next scrobes. Antennce filiform, slender,
about as long as the body, infuscate. with the scape stramineous
beneath ; flagellum rufescent at the base and extreme apex, with
the joints elongate and apically hardly nodulose. Thorax nitidu-
lous and very obsoletely punctate ; notauli deeply impressed and
the mesonotum longitudinally canaliculate in front, with a band

120 ICHXEUMOKIDJE.

composed of three spots across its disc, another before the scu-
tellum, and often a small one on its pleurae, black ; metathorax

with indistinct areae, areola
subhexagonal ; petiolar area
entire, basally somewhat
strong, with no apophyses ;
an oblique black spot in
the external areas, spiracles
linear and oblique. Scutel-
lum flavous, convex, with a
narrowly elevated lateral
border on either side. Ab-
domen rufescent-flavidous,
distinctly dull and longitu-
Fjg 26. dinally confidently punctate,

XantJiopimpla t'rifa&iata, Smith. with a distinctly transverse

and occasionally confluent

black spot on either side of the first and of each alternate*
segment ; basal segment glabrous, with inconspicuous carinae, the
following very strongly transverse and deeply impressed before
their apices, which are not nitidulous ; tubercles wanting, basal
angles obliquely incised and the eighth segment discally emar-
ginate ; terebra one-third or one-fourth of the abdomen, black,
with the valvulae stout, basally attenuate and apically deflexed,
spicula piceous and apically acuminate. Legs flavous, short and
distinctly stout ; all the tarsal claws and the base of the hind
tibiae nigrescent, the former elongate, stout, not basallv lobate nor
extending beyond the pulvilli ; tf with the apical half of the
posterior tarsi, and a spot on hind trochanters, black. Wings
hyaline, with their apices determinately infumate ; radix and
tegulae flavous, with their apices black ; stigma somewhat short
and broad, black, with the base testaceous ; areolet small, trian-
gular, emitting the recurrent nervure almost from its extreme
apex ; first recurrent of the lower wings very strongly postfurcal
and emitting the nervellus from its upper third.
Length Q-l 4 mi\\im.

NEPAL: Thamaspur, xi. 1908 (Ind. Mus.) ; SIKKIM (Col. C.
T. Singham) ; ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Brit. Mus.) ; BUBMA :
Mandalay, ix. 1898 (Bingham); NICOBAB ISLANDS (Bingham) ;
CEYLOX : Kandy and Wattamulla, ix. 1909 (0. S. Wickwar).
SINGAPORE (H. N. Ridley) ; NEW GUIXEA (Brit. Mus., type).
Type $ in the British Museum.

"We must, I think, at least temporarily, regard X. claripennis,
Cam., from Kuching, as distinct, though besides the hyaline wings
it differs from the present speciee only in having segments two
and four binotated with black.

* For Cameron's second segment, read " third " et cont.

XANTHOPIMPLA. 121

66. Xanthopimpla fasciata, Krieg.

Xanthopimpla fasciata, Krieger, Ber. Nat. Ges. Leipzig, 1899, p. 92

<5 2 . Head immaculate flavous ; face normally and evenly
convex, a little longer than broad, somewhat closely and not very
coarsely punctate ; basal half of the clypeus more finely punctate
than the face, and its apex rounded. Antennae infuscate, beneath
ferruginous, with the scape flavous. Thorax flavous ; mesonotum
finely and diffusely punctate, with a discal fascia composed of
three spots, and another at the base, black ; notauli reaching the
centre and deeply impressed; mesopleurae glabrous, punctate
anteriorly and below, with no considerable intumescence ; nieta-
notuin basally black throughout and more broadly at the sides ;
areola large, hexagonal, a little broader than long, extending to
the centre of the disc and emitting costulae nearly from its
centre ; external areas small ; dentiparal very slightly constricted
internally. Scutellum strongly convex and vertically rounded.
Abdomen flavous, with segments one, three, five, and seven black-
banded, in 2 the fifth segmental band centrally wanting; basal
segment hardly longer than apically broad, with the carinse ex-
tending beyond the coarsely punctate centre ; second segment
coarsely and diffusely, the following gradually more closely and
finely, punctate ; 6 with a transverse row of six punctiform black
dots on the second, and the sixth segment with black markings ;
terebra black and a little shorter. than the hind tarsi. Legs flavous,
with the base of the hind trochanters, of their tibiae, and the
apices of their femora externally, black ; apical joint of hind, or
in J posterior, tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, with their external
margin infuscate ; tegulae black-marked ; uervures and stigma
black, and costa flavous.

Length 10 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills.

This species is certainly very closely allied to X. trifasciata, Sm.,
in the conformation of the inetathoracic areola and in the abdominal
markings ; but it has the central lobe of the mesouotum entire and
not sulcate, the fasciae of the metanotum and basal segment entire
throughout, etc. It was described by Krieger from a single
example of each sex.

67. Xanthopimpla nursei, Cam.

(?) Pimpla punclata, var. 1, Vollenhoven, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1879,

p. 143(2).
Xanthopimpla nursei, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.

xvii, 1907, p. 592 (2).
X. maculifrons, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. flist. Soc. xvii,

1907, p.' 591, 2 (nee Cam. Jour. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 1903, p. 138,
$)•

J 2 . A flavous species, with the legs wholly immaculate, but
with the thorax black-marked, and with two black spots on each

122 .ICHXEUMOXIDJE.

of the abdominal segments except the sixth ; the terebra some-
what shorter than half the abdomen, and the antennae infuscate.

Length 9-12 millim.

UXITED PROVINCES : Dehra Dun (Ind. Mus.) ; SIKKIM, iv.-vi.
1900 (Col. Binyham) ; ASSAM: Margherita (Ind. Mus.) ; BENGAL:
Calcutta, viii. 01 and x.09 (Ind. Mus.), Pusa, iii.-x. 06 (Pusa
coll.), Champaran, ix. 01 (Ind. Mus.), Chapra (A. Mackenzie, Pusa
coll.), Kushtea (J. T.Jenkins, Ind. Mus.); CENTRAL PROVINCES:
Nagpur (Pusa coll.); BOMBAY: Surat, vii.04 (Pusa coll.), Deesa,
vi. 98 and x. 99 (Col. Nurse} ; MADRAS : Naduvantuui, 7000 ft.,
Nilgiri Hills, v.04( W. Rowson, Pusa coll.). BORNEO (Brit. Mus.).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection, as is also that of X. maculifrons.

The abdomen is much duller and more finely, closely and
granulately punctate than in X. pedator, to which it is extremely
closely allied and from which I should have hesitated to dis-
tinguish it, did it not combine the much duller abdomen with
deeper segmental incisures and entirely flavous legs. I have seen
a d (from Sikkim) which probably merits specific rank, but which,
in the absence of its $ , I prefer to treat as a variety of this species ;
this has, in place of the usual black spot on either side of the
abdominal segments, the entire base of all the segments somewhat
narrowly black, but I can trace no structural modifications.
Van Vollenhoven's female was marked with only two mesonotal
spots and was taken at Amboina, in the Moluccas.

This Ichneumon has been bred at Pusa from the Pvralid moths,
Scirpophaya auriflua, Zell., Sylepta deroyata, F., and an undeter-
mined species ; from the " Lady's Finger Moth," in Calcutta ;
from 5. aurtjffua, in Cbamparan ; from a Plttsia (NocTUiD^:) and
from a pupa on Juar millet, Andropoyon (Sorghum) vulyare, at
Surat. The chrysalis, from which the last emerged, is in situ in
its own cocoon and the parasite came out by a very irregularly
gnawed hole in its head.

68. Xanthopimpla transversalis, Voll.

Pimnla transversalis, Vollenhoven, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 146

(<?$):

Xanthojrimpla transversalis, Krieger, Ber. Nat. Ges. Leipzig, 1899,
p. 65.

c? ? . Rufescent-flavous and not very shining. Head with a
triangular black mark on the vertex, and the occiput immaculate.
Antenna; ferruginous, infuscate above and basally testaceous
beneath. Thorax: mesonotum with a transverse black band
which is twice euiarginate basally ; metathorax with two circular
black spots ; areola transverse and irregularly hexagonal ; denti-
paral areas narrow, oblique and subtriangular. Abdomen pale, with
five pairs of oval black spots on the first, the third to fifth, aud the
seventh segments ; the apical and second segments immaculate,
the latter centrally subelevated and quadrisulcate. Leys fiavous,
with the hind tibiae alone basally black.

Lenyth 9 millim.

0XANTIIOPIMPLA. 123

This somewhat meagrely described species is probably hardly
distinct from X. nursei, but has the hind tibiae basally black and
the second segment immaculate. It is unknown to me.

Van Vollenhoven records this species from several islands in
the Malay Archipelago and also probably from Tibet, in which
case it almost certainly is to be found in India.

69. Xanthopimpla kandiensis, Cam. (emend.).

Xanthopimpla kandyensis, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 136
($)•

$ . A flavous species. Head with the face and clypeus closely
distinctly, but not very strongly, punctate ; ocellar region

cf

and

black, occiput immaculate flavous. Antennce of $ black, with the
flagellum piceous, and the scape flavous, beneath ; of <$ entirely
flavescent. Thorax smooth and nitidulous ; mesonotum with
three subcoalescent basal black marks, of which the central
extends furthest apically, is longer than broad, basally transverse
and rounded behind, the lateral ones are longer compared with
their width, more irregular, subincised centrally at their base,
rounded and constricted at their apex ; metanotum with two basal
black marks, which are broader than long, basally transverse and
apically rounded ; areola broader than long, subobliquely con-
stricted from apex to base and in <5 apically wanting ; external
area? almost equally broad, with the outer side obliquely narrowed;
" following them is an area which becomes obliquely narrowed
from the base on the inner to the apex on the outer." Abdomen
flavous, with black marks thus : — first segment with two irregular
marks, which are slightly oblique and internally constricted; third
with two large marks which are broader than long and laterallv
rounded; fifth with two somewhat similar marks which are
broader and more slender compared with their length ; seventh
with two similar but larger marks which are the largest on the
abdomen in $ , though in c? , which also sometimes lias the fourth
bimaculate, they are of normal size ; two basal segments smooth,
with the remainder closely but not strongly punctate ; incisions
closely striate ; terebra fully a third the length of the body
(4 millim.). Legs not described. Winc/s clear hyaline, with the
nervures and stigma black.

Length 9-11 millim.

CEYLON : Kandy, vii. (E. E. Green, type), Colombo, x. and xi.
(Wickwar}; BOMBAY.

Cameron tells us (loc. cit.) that the female is "allied to X.punctata,
F.," which he was not able to synonymise with our modern species.
The conformation of the areola and the markings of the abdomen,
together with the immaculate occiput render it sufficiently distinct :
and I have seen two females certainly referable to it in the Oxford
University Museum, which have the legs flavous, with only the
extreme base of the hind tibias, with the apices of their claws and

124 ICHNEUMONID.E.

pulvilli, black ; the terebra is fully half the abdominal length
(terebra nearly 4 millim., abdomen 7 inillim.). They are both
old specimens, labelled respectively " India " and " Bombay."

TO. Xanthopimpla tibialis, sp. n.

$ . A flavous species with the thorax, and base and apex of
hind tibiae, black-spotted ; the first and every alternate abdominal
segment with a subcircular spot on either side, as well as an apical
transverse fascia on the third segment ; the antennae pale and the
terebra longer than half the abdomen.

Length 9 millim., $ .

BENGAL : Chapra (Mackenzie).

Type in the Pusa collection.

Extremely similar in conformation to X. punctata, but at once
known from it by the distinct apical fascia of the third abdominal
segment and the black longitudinal streak on the outer side of the
hind tibiae, which extends to the apex from the basal third. It
may, perhaps, be a curious variety of X. punctata, but I certainly
incline to the belief that it is distinct, though a careful examination
has revealed no structural discrepancies between the two species.
I have seen only the type specimen of this species.

71. Xanthopimpla punctata, F.

Ichneumon pttnctatus, Fabricius,* Sp. Ins. 1781, p. 437 ; id., Mant.

1787, p. 269; id., Ent. Syst. 1793, p. 181 (rf); Grnelin, Linn.

Syst. Nat. 1790, p. 2710; Olivier, Encycl. Meth. viii, 1792,

p. 198.
Xanthopimpla punctata, Krieger, Ber, Nat. Ges. Leipzig, 1899,

p. 101($).

Pimpla ceylonica, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 166 (cJ).
Xanthopimpla bnmneciornis (sic), Cameron,* Journ. Str. Br. R. As.

Soc. 1903, p. 139($).

d $> . A flavous species, with the thorax and base of hind tibiae
black-spotted; the first and every alternate abdominal segment
with a subcircular spot on either side ; the antennae inf uscate and
the terebra hardly longer than half the abdomen.

Length 8-12 millim.

The alternately binotated abdominal segments and apically im-
maculate hind tibiae will easily distinguish this species, which in
sculpture and general conformation is closely allied to X. pedator,
F. ; so closely, in fact, that it is only the constancy of the
markings and areolar structure, which I have been enabled to
examine through a very long series, that has convinced me that
the latter is really a good species. In the thoracic and pedal
markings (except that the present never has the femora internally
infuscate), in the length of the terebra and the alar neuration, they
are identical ; but in the present species the segments are a little
more transverse, very distinctly more finely and closely punctate,
and the areola is fully twice" as broad as long. There are, as

XANTHOPIMPLA. 125

described by Cameron, though very rarely, black markings on the
fourth segment, and perhaps more frequently in the d , which is
presumably the sex he describes, since he makes no mention of
the length of the terebra.

This species is very certainly the X. punctata of Fabricius and
Krieger, and is with equal certainty distinct from that of Van
Vollenhoven. It was with considerable satisfaction that I dis-
covered the excellent male type of this species in the Bauksian
Cabinet, which was presented to the British Museum by the
Linnean Society in 1863 and contains all the Banksian insects
described by Fabricius in the " Species Insectorum " (cf. Morley,
Entom. 1909, p. 136). This specimen I have compared with the
types of Pimphi ceylonica and X. brunneicornis, and find that they
agree to a remarkable extent for members of the present somewhat
variable genus. In all the types the black markings of the fourth
segment are much smaller than those of the remainder, while in
some of the varieties they are altogether wanting.

Undoubtedly this is a very abundant and widely distributed
species in India. It was redescribed by Cameron from a male,
now in the British Museum, taken by Col. J. W. Yerbury at
Trincomali, on the north-east coast of Ceylon ; I have seen two
males from Colombo, captured in 1902; Bingham has found it in
the South Andaman Islands, as well as in Sikkim, in April 1891
and 1900; there are several old specimens of both sexes collected
at " Dukhun " by Col. Sykes and in Afghanistan by W. Griffith
in the National Collection, presented by the Indian Museum
in 1879; and in the Pusa collection is a series of some fifty
specimens. These last were mainly captured at Chapra, in
Bengal, by Mackenzie ; a few at Eaipur and Bilaspur, in the
Central Provinces, by G. E. Dutt, in August 1907 ; one or two
were taken on grass or while flying at Pusa, in March and October,
and a female was bred from a Lepidopterous chrysalis at Surat, in
Bombay, on 10th July 1904. There are two males bred at Betul,
Central Provinces, and at Lahore, -from the Pyralid, Chilo simplex,
Butl. ; together with other specimens from Wara-Seoni, near
Balaghat, and from Saidapet and Samalkota, in Madras. Three
males in the Calcutta Museum are from Bangalore ; and others
from Kushtea, in Bengal, Tenasserim, Sikkim, and Calcutta, taken
in September and October. I have examined this species in the
National Collection from Amboina, Java (Tjigombong), Singapore,
China (Hong-Kong, &c.), Formosa, and Savu in the Philippines.

72. Xanthopimpla soleata, Krieg.

Xanthopimpla soleata, Krieger, Ber. Nat. Ges. Leipzig, 1899, p. 82,

figs. 3, 8, 9, 14($).

?Pimpla punctata, var. 3, Vollenhoven, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1879,
.l43

. Head flavous, with the frons centrally, ocelli and the
ut, black; fac
coarsely and stron

occiput, black; face longer than broad, pyramidally prominent,
ly punctate ; clypeus hardly discrete basally,

126

obsoletely punctate and apically truncate. Antenna black and
basally flavous beneath. Thorax flavous, with the pronotuin
glabrous ; inesonotum subglabrous and very obsoletely punctate,
with three black marks forming a discal transverse band, the
central confluent with another before the scutellum ; notauli short
and shallow ; mesopleural sulci deep and longitudinal, with a
distinct intumescence above them ; metathorax immaculate, with
conical tubercles before the spiracles ; areae complete, with the
areola subhexagonal, nearly twice as broad as long and emitting
the costulae beyond its centre; deritiparal areae quadrate and
internally constricted. Scutellum conical. Abdomen coarsely and
diffusely punctate, with the two basal segments glabrous and
uitidulous and the anus smoother ; flavous, with two black sub-
quadrate spots on the third, fourth, fifth and sometimes the first
segments, and a short fascia on either side of the seventh ; second
and sixth segments immaculate ; terebra black and as long as the
four basal hind tarsal joints. Legs flavous, with the hind femora
bimaculate apically, the extreme base of their tibiae, of the pos-
terior metatarsi, and their onycbii, black ; hind troehanters
immaculate. Wings flavescent-hyaline, with their apices distinctly
testaceous and externally piceous ; costa basally flavescent ; stigma
and nervures entirely, and the tegulae marked with, black.

Length 14-16 millim.

? c? • Head and abdomen gamboge -yellow, with the thorax and
legs rufescent ; head and mesothorax normally spotted, metathorax
immaculate ; seven pairs of abdominal spots, gradually increasing
in size ; the seventh segment and front legs immaculate ; hind
legs with a spot on either side of femora and another at the base
of the trochanters piceous ; base of their tibiae and the whole of
the tarsi black ; areolet pyramidal and subpetiolate.

Length 11 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills.

Krieger describes this species from three females, and says it
differs from his X.japponica mainly in the distinction of the black
markings. Van Vollenhoven's doubtfully synonymous male is re-
corded from Ambarawa, in Java. The species is unknowrn to me.

73. Xanthopimpla pardalis, Krieg.

Xanthopimpla pardalis, Krieger, Ber. Nat. Ges. Leipzig, 1899.
p.90(rf).

d . Head flavous, with a mark in the centre of the frons
confluent with the concolorous ocelli, and the occiput, black ;
face a little longer than broad, distinctly pyramidally prominent,
coarsely and irregularly punctate, and laterally subeievated ;
clypeus finely and sparsely punctate. Antennae black, with the
base flavous beneath. Thorax flavous; mesonotum coarsely and
dispersely punctate, with the central lobe glabrous and nitidulous ;
notauli occupying a third of the disc ; three marks forming a band
across the disc black, the central basally confluent with a fourth

XANTHOPIMPLA.

127

concolorous one at the base ; mesopleuras sparsely and somewhat
strongly punctate anteriorly and below, with the sulci and
intumescence distinct ; metanotum with an elongate black spot
in the external arese ; areola small and subquadrate, strongly con-
stricted basally, where it is but half the breadth of the apex ;
dentiparal are® triangular, anteriorly double their external length.
Scutellum transverse, conical and vertically rounded. Abdomen
diffusely and not strongly punctate, flavous, with two spots in the
centre of each of the six basal segments, and a laterally abbreviated
basal fascia on the seventh and eighth, black ; basal segment half
as long again as apically broad, with the carinae extending beyond
its centre. Legs flavous, with an elongate mark on either side of
the hind femora near their apices, the base of their tibiae, and the
first and last joints of the posterior tarsi, black. Wings distinctly
infumate-hyaline, with the apical margin obscurely darker ;
nervures and stigma infuscate ; costa and half the tegular flavous,
the latter partly black.

Length 14 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills.

Krieger had seen but a single male of this species, which is
unknown to me.

74. Xanthopimpla appendicularis, Cam.

Pimpla appendimlaris, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 160 ($).
?Pimpla punctata, var. 2, Vollenhoven, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1879,
p.l43(c?).

$ . Flavous ; small mesonotal marks, and apices of the hind
tibia3, black ; wings fulvo-hyaline, with the stigma infuscate red
and the nervures infuscate. " Head yellow, except the ocellar
region, which is black ; face closely punctured ; the clypeus

smooth on the obliquely
depressed apex, the base
obscurely punctured. An-
tennae longer than the
body, black ; the scape
yellow, the base of the
flagellum brownish be-
neath at the base. Meso-
notum closely punctured
at the base ; the raised
central part at the base
bordered by distinct fur-
rows ; at the base of the
tegula there is a mark,
T- 27. broader than long, fol-

Xanthopimpla appendicularis, Cam. lowed in the middle by

a narrower and longer

one, the whole forming an almost continuous line ; median
segment [inetathorax] smooth ; the base between the keels

128 1CHNEFMONIDJ3.

narrowly black ; the black continued along the inner side of the
lateral keel, becoming gradually wider to the base behind, and
slightly extending beyond the outer side of the keel ; the middle
keel broadly curved and united to the apex of the segment by a
lateral one ; pleurae smooth, shining. The basal depression of the
scutellum black ; the keel to the middle large and leaf-like, on
the apical half much smaller ; the scutellum sparsely covered with
long, black hair. The petiole broadly, but not deeply, depressed
at the base ; its sides stoutly carinate ; the keels continued down
the apical part to the raised middle of the apex, the part between
being depressed, broadly at the base, narrowly at the apex ; the
second segment black at the base, the black bifurcating to the
furrow at the sides ; there is a broad, continuous, transverse line
on the centre of the third, a line about three times as long as it
is broad on the sides of the fourth, a continuous line on the fifth,
a short mark in the centre on either side of the sixth, and an
almost complete one across the seventh segment, black ; terebra
5 uiillini., the sheaths of the ovipositor black. Legs coloured like
the thorax ; the basal joint of the hinder trochanters on the
underside, a large mark on the underside of the hinder femora in
the middle, the apex of the tibiae and the apical two joints of the
hinder tarsi, black. Wings with a distinct fulvous-smoky tinge ;
the costa rufo-testaceous ; the stigma rufo-fuscous ; the nervures
fuscous ; areolet shortly, but distinctly, appendiculated, triangular ;
the recurrent nervure received in the apical third.

'"'•Length 15 millim."

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Aluseum.

This species appears to be related to Van Volleuhoven's variety
in its petiolate areolet ; but all the legs of the latter are flavous
throughout, and the abdominal spots are small ; it was captured
at Ambarawa, in Java.

75. Xanthopimpla kriegeriana, Cam.

Xanthopimpla kriegeriana, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. '1908.
p.38($).

$ . Flavous. Head smooth, with the ocellar region triangularly
black, face densely and clypeus less denselv white-pilose. Thorax
smooth ; mesonotum with three large apical marks, of which the
lateral are irregularly oval, and the central larger and broader
than long ; notauli slender and indicated only on the apical slope;
metanotum with the basal lateral areae black, large, and pentagonal,
internally elongate and roundly curved, externally with the basal
half almost straight and the apical obliquely sloped to the lateral
carina, where it forms a sharp angle with the inner one ; all the
other area; wanting. Abdomen : basal segment, with two black
marks, less than one-fourth longer than apically broad, with its
basal impression laterally carinate ; the remaining segments broader
than long, the second and apical smooth, remainder closely and

XANIHOPIMPLA. 129

distinctly punctate ; the second to sixth transversely impressed
before their apices ; the third, fifth, and seventh segments with
two larger and broader marks than those of the first ; all these
black marks are broader than long, the first pair are internally
obliquely constricted, the second irregular and narrowed internally,
the third not strongly constricted at their apices, and the fourth
subparallel-sided ; terebra 1-5 millim., or slightly shorter than the
hind tarsi. Legs : base of the hind trochauters and of their tibiae
black. Wings hyaline, with their apices slightly clouded ; stigma
and nervures black ; areolet broad, shortly petiolate, and emitting
the recurrent nervure before its centre.

Length 10 millim.

SlKKIM (Binghani).

Unknown to me.

76. Xanthopimpla sexlineata, Cam.

Xanthopimpla sexlineata, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 103 ( 3 ).

J. A luteous species, with black markings and the basal
segment immaculate. Head with the face longer than broad and
closely punctate ; ocellar region triangularly black ; occiput
immaculate luteous. Antennce black, with the scape luteous
beneath and the flagellum basally piceous. Thorax with notauli
extending to the centre of the obsoletely punctate mesonotum
and all the pleurae smooth ; mesonotum with a broad irregular
band between the radices, a shorter and more slender one before
the scutellum, and a large irregular mark in the centre of each of
the basal external metathoracic areae, black ; areola wanting ;
basal external arese alone entire, twice as broad externally as
internally, with the external apical angles spinosely produced,
find the cariuse extending halfway down the sides. Abdomen
luteous, with the second to seventh segments each with a broad
irregular basal transverse black line; basal segment about half
as long again as broad, glabrous, with its apex centrally strongly
punctate ; remainder closely punctate, becoming gradually smoother
towards the anus. Legs luteous ; hind ones with the base of the
tibia9 and of the fifth tarsal joint narrowly black, apex of the
latter much more broadly black. Wings hyaline, with their apices
hardly infumate ; stigma and nervures black ; areolet small and
shortly but distinctly petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure
from its centre.

Length 14 millim.

SIKKIM (Bingharn).

Unknown to me.

77. Xanthopimpla taprobanica, Cam.

Xanthopimpla taprobanica, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905,
p. 135($).

$ . A pale flavous species, with black markings. Head with

130 ICHNEUMON 1DJE.

.the face rugosely, and the base of the clypeus sparsely, punctate ;
ocellar region triangularly black; occiput immaculate flavous.
Thorax with the notauli extending to shortly beyond the centre

of the smooth and impunc-
tate mesonotum ; all pleurae
im punctate ; a broad and
irregularly trilobate band
across the base of the meso-
notum between the radices,
a large basally curved trans-
verse mark extending to the
scutellar fovea, and a broad
and centrally constricted
basal metanotal band, black ;
metathorax with the areola
large, basally incomplete,
ig. 28.—Aanthopimpla taprobanica, Cam. apically truncate, longer than

broad, and laterally angled

sightly beyond its centre ; external areae laterally roundly curved
and externally broader ; " the second large, broad, oblique, of equal
width throughout ; the apical lateral area triangular ; the apex on
the outer side, the upper angle longer than the lower/' Scutellum
roundly convex, with its lateral carina? not very stout. Abdomen
flavous, with the black markings thus : — first segment with two
large oblique central marks which are dilated in the centre at the
base ; second with a small oblique mark which is obliquely con-
stricted basally and apically ; third with a large broad band which
is irregularly constricted laterally and slightly incised at both
base and apex ; fourth immaculate ; fifth with two large broad
bands which are externally rounded ; penultimate with a broad
band on its basal half ; apical with two marks. Basal segment
distinctly longer than apically broad, smooth, with only some
central punctures ; second to fourth segments closely and strongly
punctate, with crenulate incisions ; terebra as long as the hind
tarsi or one-fifth of the body (2 millim.). Leys flavous, with the
apex of the intermediate femora and the base of their tarsi, most
of the hind trochanters, a broad band on the lower part and
extreme apices of their femora, base of their tibia?, and their tarsi
almost entirely, black. Wings hyaline, with their apices infumate ;
tegula? black-marked ; areolet small, oblique, triangular, and
shortly petiolate.
Length 10 millim.
CBYLON : Kandy (£1 E. Green).

I have examined a female, now in the Oxford Museum, which
was captured in Ceylon by Thwaites in 1872. In Prof. Krieger's
work on the genus Xanthopimpla (Bericht. d. Xaturf. Ges. zu
Leipzig^ 1899, p. 69) this species is said to be most closely allied
+o his A. splendens.

XANTHOPIMPLA. 131

78. Xanthopimpla sikkimensis, Cam.

Xanthopimpla sikkimensis, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 100 ($).

c? $ . A luteous species, with black markings and the second
segment immaculate. Head with the face closely and strongly,
clypeus much more sparsely, punctate ; ocellar region with an
elongate triangular black patch from the centre of the frons,
which is continuous with a larger semicircular occipital black
mark. Antenna; black, with the scape centrally flavous, and the
flagellum basally piceous, beneath. Thorax smooth, with the
notauli only apically distinct and the mesopleurae obsoletely
punctate ; mesonotum with a broad transverse apical band which
has its apex roundly trilobate, with the lobes of equal size, and
a large semicircular mark which covers the base and touches the
seutellurn ; metanotum with a basal transverse band which is
centrally constricted, black. Areola large and hexagonal ; basal
external areas large, parallel-sided, and apically rounded ; denti-
paral areas quadrangular and externally widened. Abdomen
luteous, with black markings thus: — first segment with two
irregular apical marks, which are apically united by a slender
and irregular transverse band ; third with a broad transverse line
on the basal half, which is rounded and slightly constricted
basally in the centre and is apically transverse ; fourth with two
broad lines, which are basally rounded and apically transverse ;
fifth with two slightly shorter lines, which are further apart than
•those on the fourth and are transverse at both base and apex ;
sixth with small basal lateral spots ; seventh with a broad trans-
verse basal line. Basal segments about one-fourth longer than
broad, the remainder transverse, with the central ones weakly
punctate; incisions, and especially the central, superficial and
weakly crenulate ; terebra distinctly longer than the four basal
joints of the hind tarsi or one-fifth of the body (2 millim.). Legs
luteous ; hind ones with the basal joint of the trochanters, two
somewhat elongate oval lines on the inner and outer half of the
femora (of which the inner is the larger), a narrow line at their
apex, a slightly larger one on the tibiae, and the apices of the
tarsi, black. Wings hyaline, with their apices narrowly inf umate ;
areolet shortly petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure very
slightly beyond its centre.

Length 10 millim.

SIKKIM (Bingham).

The size of the black markings in the $ is said to be of variable
extent, and sometimes the intermediate tibiae are also externally
black-marked.

The female was described from material collected by Col. Bing
ham in the Himalayas of Sikkim. There is in the Calcutta
Museum a specimen, which I here place as the male of this
species with some confidence, since it differs from the description
of the female in little but its immaculate fourth and sixth seg-
ments ; it is labelled " Kankondigee, 24 Perghs. Sunderbuns,
15th November 1909 : J. T. Jenkins."

132

79. Xanthopimpla minuta, Cam.

Xanthopimpla minuta, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 137 ($).

$ . A flavous species, with the second segment immaculate.
Head with the face minutely punctate ; ocellar region triangularly
black. Antennae distinctly longer than the body, with the scape
mainly flavous, and the flagellum piceous, beneath. Thorax
smooth and shining, with the mesonotum discally immaculate, its
base transverse and the notauli distinct, with the central lobe
clearly discrete. Metathorax with the basal external areae clearly-
defined, broader than long, broad on the outer and becoming
gradually constricted acuminately on the inner side ; areola
wanting, lateral carinae distinct. Scutellum with the basal fovea
black. Abdomen closely punctate, with distinct and striate in-
cisions ; apical half of the basal segment elevated, clearly discrete,
smooth, parallel-sided, and twice as long as broad. Two marks
on basal segment, a transverse line on third, two closely approxi-
mate marks on fourth, two more broadly separated on fifth, two
further apart on sixth, and a line on seventh, black : terebra
short. Leys flavous, with the hind tibiae basally black-marked.
Wings hyaline, with the nervures and stigma black.

Length 5 millim.

CEYLON : Kandy (E. E. Green).

This species is said by its author (Zoc. cit.) to be easily dis-
tinguished from X. parva, which I suspect of being its alternate
sex, " by the distinct parapsidal furrows and by the mesonotum
being transverse, not rounded, at its base " (? apex).

80. Xanthopimpla parva, Cam.

Xanthopimpla parva, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 136 (<$).

<S $ . A small pale flavous species, with the second segment
immaculate. Head with the face closely punctate ; ocellar region
triangularly black. Thorax impunctate, with the notauli only
indicated apically ; an irregular transverse basal band on the
mesonotum, a mark at the base of the scutellum, two basal
metanotal marks narrowed from the outer to the inner side,
black ; base of tnesonotum rounded ; metathorax with the basal
external areae large, semicircular, and enclosing the dark marks.
Abdomen closely punctate, with the two basal segments smooth ;
first, third, and following segments with black marks, broader
than long ; incisions striate. Legs flavous ; hind ones with two
small marks on the trochanters, one at the base of the tibiae, and
a smaller one at the base of the tarsi, black. Winc/s clear hyaline,
with the apices but slightly infumate ; nervures nigrescent.'

Length 6 millim.

XANTIIOPI1MPLA.

133

The female is in every way analogous and hardly larger ; the
mesonotal fascia is discal, and the scutellum is not preceded by a
black mark ; the fourth abdominal segment is immaculate ; the
notauli are sufficiently distinct apically, though very short ; and
the terebra is as long as the basal segment.

CEYLON : Peradeniya, Haragama, Kandy (E. E. Green).

81. Xanthopimpla binghami, Cam.

Xanthopimpla binghami, Cameron,* Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1908, p. 39
($,as o')-

$ . Flavous. Head with the ocellar region triangularly black ;
face densely white- pilose and closely, but not strongly, punctate ;
frons and vertex smooth and glabrous. Antennae with the flagellum
piceous beneath and black above. Thorax glabrous ; mesonotum
with a broad and somewhat irregular black band between the
tegulse, which it does not quite reach ; notauli deeply impressed ;

metanotum laterally cari-
nate, with the lateral basal
area} black, broader than
long, with the sides slightly
oblique and the inner the
longer, apically contracted
to a rounded point ; all
other arese wanting. Abdo-
men glabrous and nitidulous
to the transverse impression
of the second segment,
thence closely and distinctly
but not very strongly punc-
tate, the segments broader
than long and the apical
impressions on the second

to fifth distinct, curved, and trans-striate ; basal segment hardly
one-fourth longer than broad, though longer than the next, with
two irregular transverse black marks ; second segment longer
than apically broad; third basally impressed, with a broad
and irregular transverse black band in the centre; fifth with
two broad transverse marks, and the seventh with a narrow
transverse basal band, black ; terebra one-seventh the length of
the body. Legs flavous, with a short black line at the base of the
hind tibiae, each of whose apices bears three pairs of bright red
spines. Wings hyaline and apically slightly clouded ; stigma and
nervures black ; areolet shortly petiolate, emitting the recurrent
nervure from its centre.
Length 7 millim.
SIKKIM. (BingTiam).
Type in the British Museum.

Fig.'29. — Xanthopimpla binghami, Cam.

134

A mutilated specimen, without abdomen, in the Calcutta
Museum, differs from the type of this species only in having the
scutellar fovea also black ; it was taken by Annandale at Kulattu-
puzha, west base of Western Ghats, Travancore, 19th November,
1908.

82. Xanthopimpla cera, Oam.

Xanthopimpla cera, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1908, p. 38 ( $ ).

<J> . Flavous. Bead smooth and shining, with the ocellar region
triangularly black ; face and clypeus white-pilose. Thorax smooth
and shining ; mesonotum with a broad and laterally dilated line
between the tegulae; notauli slender and indicated only on the
apical slope ; metanotum laterally carinate, from the apex of its
upper third a carina runs obliquely to near the inner angle of the
basal lateral areffi, which are not quite entirely black, their inner
carina forming two oblique slopes, of which the inner is the shorter
and more rounded, being neither so straight nor so oblique.
Abdomen closely punctate from the base of the third segment and
more finely towards its apex, with an apical transverse impression
on segments two to six ; basal segment with two black and ex-
ternally dilated spots ; third with two broad, transverse black
marks ; fifth with two longer and narrower transverse marks ;
seventh with two yet narrower and subcoalescent ones ; terehra
1*5 millim., or slightly shorter than the hind tarsi. Legs with Ihe
apices of the hind femora black. Wings hyaline with nervures
and stigma black.

Length 9 millim.

SIKKIM (Bingham).

Cameron tells us (/. c.) that " this species is closely related to
X. binghami ; it is larger, has all the marks on the abdomen
separated, those on the first segment are distinctly narrowed on
the inner side, not dilated there ; the inner keel of the lateral
areae forms a broad, rounded curve, without angle, it being also
wider compared with the width [sic], and there is an area, open on
the inner side, which does not exist in X. binghami" How far
these points will prove constant one does not yet know. The
species is unknown to me.

83. Xanthopimpla honorata, Cam.

Pimpla honorata, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 170 ( <j>).

$ . " Head smooth, shining, the face thickly covered with short
white hair ; the clypeal foveae deep, large ; the mandibles black ;
the palpi pale dirty yellow. Antennae nearly as long as the body,
stout, not tapering much towards the apex, closely covered with
short pubescence, dull rufous, darker towards the apex. Thorax

XANTHOPIMPLA. 135-

smooth and shining ; the mesonotum and scutellum dull olive ;-
the former with three large, almost united, marks between the
tegulae, keeled down the sides and round the apex ; median seg-
ment [metathorax] with a gradually rounded slope, impunctate,,
glabrous ; at its base are two large arese, one on either side ; they
are broader than they tire long, and triangularly narrowed at the-
apex ; from its centre a curved keel runs to the apex of the seg-
ment, its apical part being thicker than the basal ; before its
middle, on the inner side, and joined to it, is a short, oblique keel ;
pleurae smooth and shining, glabrous ; the metapleurae with a
curved keel above and below ; the tubercles are distinct. The
scutellum, rounded from the base to the apex, not much raised
above the mesonotum, but its apex considerably so above thepost-
scutellum, which is depressed laterally at the base ; the lateral
depressions large. [Abdomen] : the lirst, third, and fifth segments-
are broadly marked with black in or near the middle, the mark on-
the fifth being interrupted ; the base of the petiole largely de-
pressed ; the inner side of the depression carinate, the keels being,
continued into the apical part to near the end of the segment ; on
the apical third is a transverse row of deep punctures ; the second
to fifth segments are closely punctured ; the transverse depressions-
are longitudinally striated ; terebra 1 mm. Legs stout ; the anterior
olive-coloured, as are also the middle coxae ; the hinder knees are
black, the tarsi are infuscated. Wings hyaline, the stigma blackish,
the nervures paler ; the areolet is shortly appeudiculated ; the
recurrent nervure is received in the middle.

" Length 8 mm.

" The colour of the abdomen and legs is doubtful, as the ferru-
ginous tint of the abdomen and legs may be caused by chemical
discoloration ; but structurally it is distinct from any of the yellow
species. The scutellum is more distinctly keeled at the apex than
in the yellow species, the apical and the lateral keels being
continuous."

ASSA.M : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey}.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

84. Xanthopimpla khasiana, Cam.

Pimpla khasiana, Cameron,* Manch. Mem, 1899, p. 168 ( 2 )•

2 . A fulvous species with black markings and the wings
apically infumate. " Head with the face thickly covered with
white hair ; the ocellar region and a wider mark, rounded above,
in the centre of the front, black ; face coarsely punctured ; the
sides stoutly keeled near the eyes ; the clypeus obscurely punctured ;
the depressed apex almost smooth ; mandibles obscurely punctured
at the base, covered with white, intermixed with fulvous, hair ; the
teeth black, piceous behind ; the palpi fulvous, covered with short

136

hair. Antennae black ; the scape yellowish beneath ; the base of
the flagellum brownish. Mesonolum shining, impunctate ; in the
middle is a large, black mark, extending from near the base to the
apex ; its apex almost transverse, but slightly incised in the middle ;
beyond its middle the mark becomes narrowed gradually but dis-
tinctly, then becomes dilated into a triangle, which at its apex, is
slightly wider than the widest part of the basal portion ; the
lateral marks are slightly wider than the central ; they are as long
as the basal part of the central mark ; slightly dilated in the
middle on the outer side, and oblique at the apex ; median seg-
ment [metathorax] smooth; the central basal area almost square ;
from its centre and apex two stout keels run to the sides where
they unite with a longitudinal keel, thus forming two lateral areae
on each side ; pleurse very smooth and shining ; on the raeta-
pleurae is a curved keel in the middle. Scutellum pyramidal ; the

Fig. 3Q.—Xanthopimpla khasiana, Cam.

top with a short, transverse keel-like projection ; the lateral keels
large, leaf-like and of nearly equal height throughout ; the post-
scutellum with the sides bluntly keeled. The first and second
segments of the abdomen are smooth and shining ; the keel on
the sides of the petiole extends to the middle — to the base of the
black dot ; the transverse, curved furrow on the second segment
is longitudinally striated ; those on the other segments are also
striated, but not so distinctly ; the black marks on the petiole
small, on the second segment slightly larger and dilated in the
middle at the apex ; on the third and fourth larger, on the fifth
and tilth still larger, broader, being distinctly broader than they
are long ; on the sixth [sic] small and may be absent ; the sixth
has a « ide, transverse band, incised in the middle at the apex ; the
oblique furrows on the last segment narrow, deep, and distinct ;
terebra 2 mm. Legs stout, thickly covered with fulvous hair ;
on the apical third of the hind femora, on the inner side at the

XANTHOPIMPLA. 137

top, is a black mark, which is dilated below on the lower side ;
the base of the hinder tibiae, the extreme base of the tarsi and
their apical joint, black ; the apices of the four anterior claws are
black. Wings hyaline, the apices of both smoky ; the nervures
and stigma black ; the areolet triangular, slightly appendiculated ;
the recurrent nervure is received almost in the middle.

" Length 16 mm."

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (llothncy).

Type in the British Museum.

Cameron says (loc. cit. p. 163) that this species is very similar to
X. pedator ; but may be known from it by the marks on the meso-
notum being smaller, by the abdomen being impuuctate, the petiole
longer compared with the second segment and by the two basal
segments not being centrally canaliculate ; the areola is not trans-
verse nor constricted from its centre ; and the apical lateral areae
are said to be broader, compared with the basal. I have seen the
typical female in the British Museum, which is very probably
nothing but a form of X. pedator, F.

85. Xanthopimpla indubia, Cam.

Pimpla indubia, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 166 ( § ).

$ . A flavous, impunctate species, similar to X. kJiasiana.
" Head yellow ; the occiput except at the sides, the ocellar region
and the front in the middle, black ; the black on the front gradually
narrowed to a point at the apex, dilated at the base ; the face
closely punctured; the sides bluntly keeled to near the apex,
which is only obscurely punctured ; the clypeus smooth ; the tips
of the mandibles black. Antennae longer than the body, black ;
the extreme apex rufous; the basal three joints yellow beneath.
In the middle of the mesonotum is a cup-shaped black mark, the
narrow basal part being as long as the dilated apical, which, at the
base, is roundly incised ; the lateral marks as long and as wide as
the dilated part of the central ; they are narrowed gradually to a
point at the apex ; the base on the inner side transverse ; on the
outer, obliquely truncated ; the central area and the base of the
median segment distinctly broader than it is long; the lateral
keels straight, slightly, but distinctly, diverging towards the apex ;
the apical keel slightly and gradually curved ; the basal lateral
keel large, not much wider on the outer side ; the apical oblique,
considerably widened from the inner to the outer side ; the meso-
pleural tubercles large, sharply projecting ; the middle below them
also projecting, but not so acutely. Scutellum pyramidal, smooth ;
looked at from behind it is somewhat triangular, with the sides
straight, smooth, impunctate, and covered rather thickly with long,
fuscous hair ; the keel on the lower side leaf-like, large ; the keel
on the sides of the postscutellum narrow. Abdomen shining, im-
punctate ; a black mark on either side of the second, third, and
fourth segments, those on the second slightly smaller, more
irregular and not so square, and a transverse band, narrowed in

138 ICHNEUMON 1D.E.

the middle at the apex, black ; the sheaths of the ovipositor black.
Legs coloured like the thorax ; the femora with a more fulvous
tinge ; a mark on the upper side of the hinder femora near the
apex, the extreme base of the hinder tibiae, their apex narrowly,
all the claws and the apical joint of the hinder tarsi, black. Wings
hyaline, the areolet triangular above; the recurrent nervure is
received in the middle.

"Length 15 millim.

" Similar in coloration to P. lepclw, Cam. [P. pedator, F.], having
only six marks on the abdomen ; but that differs in having the
middle segments of the abdomen strongly and distinctly punctured ;
P. Tcliasiana comes near to it also, but is longer, has more marks on
the abdomen, has the central basal mark on the median segment
as long as broad, whereas in P. indubia it is distinctly wider than
it is long, and the alar nervures from the stigma are distinctly
fuscous."

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

80. Xanthopimpla polyspila, Cam.

Xanthopimpla polyspila, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 101 ($ ).

$ . A luteous species, with black markings and the second seg-
ment spotted. Head with the face closely, distinctly, and uni-
formly punctate ; ocellar region with a triangular black patch from
the centre of the frons, continuous with a large central occipital
black mark. Antennas black, with the scape broadly flavous, and
the flagellum basally piceous, beneath. Thorax entirely smooth
and nitidulous ; mesonotuni with a central " wine-glass-shaped "
mark which is slightly incised in the centre of its base, basally
twice as long as broad, apically broad and occupying the scutellar
fovea ; metanotum with a transverse basal black mark which is
centrally constricted, not extending to the centre of the areola
and laterally extended to slightly beyond the external areae.
Areola large, hexagonal, and broader than long; basal external
areas clearly defined, quadrangular and externally dilated. Abdo-
men smooth and nitidulous, with the black markings thus : —
first segment with two irregular subcentral marks, second to sixth
with two larger transverse ones of which those on the second and
sixth segments are smaller than the remainder, seventh with a
broad basal transverse line and two small central spots. Basal
segment more than half as long again as its apical breadth, re-
mainder transverse; incisions narrow and crenulate ; terebra
slightly longer than the hind tarsi or just one-third the length of
the body (3 millim.). Legs luteous ; intermediate tibiae with a
small basal black spot and a larger, more elongate one beyond their
centre ; hind legs with coxae broadly basally above, a broad oblique
subapical mark on the inner and a much smaller one on the outer
side of femora, base of tibiae narrowly, internal and external marks
beyond their centre, and the apices of tarsi, black. Wings hyaline,

XANIHOPIMPLA. TIIERONIA. 139

with the stigma and nervures black ; areolet small and triangular,
emitting the recurrent nervure from its centre.

Length 9 millim.

SIKKIM (Bingham).

Unknown to me.

87. Xanthopimpla appendiculata, Cam.

Xanthopimpla appendiculata, Cameron, Fauna Mai. et Lace. Arch.
I.i.p.61(c?2).

d" $ . Head not much developed behind the eyes, and there
roundly and obliquely narrowed, flavous, except the ocellar region,
where there is a mark longer than broad, which extends to the
end of the vertex and is rounded in front ; the face is strongly
;md closely, the clypeus less strongly, punctate. Antenna? with the
scape pale flavous ; the flagellum brownish. Thorax: on the base
of the mesonotum are three black marks touching each other ; the
central is about as wide as long, transverse at the base and apex,
and with the sides bulging roundly ; the lateral marks are larger,
their bases straight and slightly oblique, their outer side is rounded
outwardly, on the inner they are obliquely narrowed ; on the
base of the median segment are two black, ovoid marks, placed
transversely, the broad end on the outerside; the basal area is wider
than long, it becomes gradually but not greatly widened towards the
apex, which is transverse ; the outer basal areae are wider than long,
the area? next to them in front are triangular, oblique, and longer than
the width of the base, where the bounding keel bulges out ; pleurae
smooth and shining. Abdomen with twelve black marks ; the pair
on the petiole are broader than long, and have a short, sharp pro-
jection on the inner side at the base ; the second pair small ; the
third are the largest, about as wide as long and rounded on the
inner side ; the fourth pair smaller and somewhat similar in shape ;
the fifth distinctly wider than long, the sixth still wider but not
so long ; remaining segments immaculate. In the $ there are
no marks on the second segment, that on the fourth is very small ;
in the middle of the last segment are two curved oblique furrows ;
terebra 4 millim. Legs coloured like the body ; the hinder tibiae
black at the base. Wings clear hyaline ; the nervures and stigma
black ; the areolet distinctly appendiculated.

Length 11 millim.

LACCABIVE ISLANDS : Minikoi (Prof. Stanley Gardiner).

Its author regarded this species as closely allied to X.punc-
tata, F.

Genus THERONIA, Holmg.

Theronia, Holmgren, Ofv. K. Sven. Tet.-Ak. Forh 1859, p. 123 ;
id., K. Sv. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1860, p. 16.

GENOTYPE, T. atalantw, Poda.

Head short, transverse and declivous behind the ocelli ; clypeus
not elongate, slightly elevated transversely in the centre and

140 ICHXEUMOXID.E.

apically truncate; mandibles somewhat broad, with the apical
teeth of equal length; eyes oblong, touching the base of the
mandibles and emarginate next the scrobes. Antennae somewhat
short and stout, filiform, with the scape externally excised and
flagellar joints cylindrical. Thorax impunctate, stout and gibbu-
lous, a little longer than high ; notauli apically distinct ; meta-
notum areated, spiracles large and elongate. Scutellum convex.
Abdomen very smooth and not at all punctate discally ; segments
transverse and somewhat uneven, with the basal canaliculate ;
terebra emitted from a ventral fold, a third or a half the length of
the abdomen. Legs somewhat stout, with the hind ones incras-
sate ; claws simple, pulvilli large ; * hind femora crenulate apically
beneath. Wings with the areolet sessile and irregularly sub-
pentagoual.

Range. Both hemispheres.

This genus differs from Pimpla, which it strongly resembles in
shape and general facies, in its impunctate and entirely glabrous
abdomen and incrassate hind femora.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Metathoracic areola pyriform and

apically strong clathrata, Krieg., p. 141.

2 (1) Metathoracic areola quadrate and

apically obsolete.

3 (8) Metanotum discally transcarinate ;

ocellar region immaculate.

4 (7) Second recurrent emitted from be-

yond centre of areolet.

5 (6) Wings apically inf umate ; scutellum

apically black nigrobalteata, Cam., p. 142.

6 (o) Wings "hyaline throughout ; scu-

tellum immaculate iridipennis, Cam., p. 142.

7 (4) Second recurrent emitted from centre

of areolet gracilis, Cam., p. 143.

8 (3) Metanotum centrally glabrous

throughout ; ocellar region black . maskeliyte, Cam., p. 144.

* According to Ashmead (Proc. U.S. Nat. Museum, 1900, p. 55) Theronia
has the " claws very large, strongly pectinate," and this is blindly followed by
Cameron (Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 134). I pointed out (Ichn. Brit. iii. p. 50)
that this genus has the " claws simple, pulvilli large " ; for Holmgren nowhere
makes any mention of their conformation, but Taschenberg (Zeits. Q-es. Nat.
1863, p. 256) says of Gravenhorst's types of the typical species, T. flavicans,
Grav. ( = atalanta, Poda), " Hinterbeine kraftig, besonders ihre Schenkel ;
Klauen aller einfach, ein gestieltes Polster dazwischen." Actually the claws
are large, curved, apically acuminate and neither internally pectinate nor
basally lobate. The four smooth-bodied Indian genera can. consequently,
hardly be considered more than subdivisions of Theronia, Holmgr.

Mr. A. Roman, who has examined Thunberg's types at Upaala, is good
enough to inform me that Ichneumon gestator, Thunb. (Bull. Ac. Sc. Petersl>.
1822, p. 262), "is a ? of Theronia near T. zebra, Voll., but apparently another
species " ; and adds that I. sanguinator, Thunb. (I. c. p. 260) — also indicated by
its author as Indian — is in reality synonymous with the South African
Braconid, IphiatUaxflagra.tor, Gerst.

THEBONIA. 141

88. Theronia clathrata, Krieg.

Theronia clathrata, Krieger, Ber. Nat. Ges. Leipzig, 1899, p. Ill ( $ ) .
Theronia areolata, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 152 ( $ ).

5 . Head flavescent, with the frons centrally and the occiput
(except near the eyes) brunneous ; face centrally sparsely punc-
tate, with the clypeus smooth ; mandibular teeth black and palpi
apically fulvous." Antennce as long as the body, brunneous and
becoming darker apically ; scape flavescent beneath, with a lateral
black line, sparsely punctate and with elongate pale pilosity.
Thorax luteous, with the mesonotum brunneous, its sides and two
central vittaa flavescent ; metathorax nitidulous and impunctate ;
areola pyrit'orm with its lateral carinae basally broad and flat and
apically acute and deeply excavate; the external areas large,
shallow and broader than long ; petiolai area deeper, shorter and
obliquely constricted towards the sinuate basal carinae, distinctly
discrete pro- and meso-pleurse
glabrous and nitidulous ; meta-
pleurae also smooth arid sharply
carinate below the spiracles.
Scutettum luteous, with its sides
and apex flavous, impunctate and
densely clothed with elongate,
black pilosity ; its basal fovea
black and deeply impressed ;
postscutellum smooth and sub-
glabrous, basally deeply bifoveate,
laterally obliquely and acutely
carinate, with the central parti-
tion triangular. Abdomen brun-
neous, with the base and apex of
Fig. 31.— Theronia clathrata, Krieg. the first segment broadly, the
apices of the second and third

broadly, and of the fourth and fifth narrowly, flavous ; basal seg-
ment acutely carinate laterally to a little beyond its centre, with
the base and sides depressed obliquely beyond that point ; terebra
3 millim. Legs stout, the hind coxae and femora suffused with
fulvous and their tarsi red. Wings fulvo-hyaline, with the stigma
fulvous and nervures black ; areolet oblique and emitting the re-
current nervure at its apical fourth.
Length 12-13 millim.
ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).
Type of Cameron's species in the British Museum.
No doubt, I think, can be entertained respecting the synonymy
of these two species, although Krieger describes the metanotal
areola as twice as long as broad, laterally parallel, and emitting
the costulse distinctly beyond the centre ; he adds that the face is
broadly and longitudinally impressed, the frons centrally de-
pressed, the scutellum somewhat convex, the notauli short and
the terebra as long as the hind tibiae.

142

81). Theronia nigrobalteata, Cam.

Thtronia niyrobalteata, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 153 ($> ).

9 . A fulvous species, with black markings, the wings apically
infumate and the stigma pale. Head fulvous, with the face
punctate throughout and flavescent above ; clypeus glabrous and
the mandibular teeth black. Antennce stout and bruimeous, be-
coming darker towards their apices, with the scape paler. Thorax :
niesonotum piceous with its sides aud two central vittae flavous,
the scutellar fovea aud lines near the tegulae black ; metathorax
basally black, widened laterally to the apex of the spiracles ;
areola deplanate and subquadrate, the external areae longer than
broad and apically constricted ; central carinae indistinct and the
lateral stronger ; pro- and meso-pleurae smooth and shining, with
the apex of the former narrowly, a longitudinal line beneath the
radix, and an oblique line extending to base of the coxae, black.
Scutellum fulvous, with its apex broadly black and the sides
flavescent ; postscutelluin flavous, with large basal foveae. Abdo-
men rufescent with the segmental apices flavous ; three basal
segmeuts basally black, the remainder broadly black apically ;
petiolar fovea shallow and extending to the apex ; second seg-
ment longitudinally canaliculate basally in the centre, and laterally
obliquely incised ; terebra 3 millim. Legs : anterior pairs flavous,
with their femora, and the intermediate tibiae and tarsi, fulvescent ;
hind coxae broadly black internally at the base, their trochanters
apically, femora broadly in the centre, and the tibiae, red ; their
tarsi infuscate. Wings hyaline, with their apices infumate ; stigma
testaceous ; areolet oblique, laterally coalesced above and emitting
the recurrent nervure shortly beyond the centre.

Length 10 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

" Comes near to T. areolata, but is smaller ; has the thorax and
abdomen marked with black, and otherwise may be known by the
central area on the base of the median segment [metathoracic
areola] being square and not hollowed" (Cameron, loc. cit.).

90. Theronia iridipennis, Cam.

Theronia iridipennis, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 99 (tf).

d . A pale flavous species, smooth and shining, with " a broad
line on the centre of the apex behind black." Head with the face
densely covered with elongate white pubescence. Antennae ferru-
ginous, with the scape flavous beneath. Thorax : mesonotum with
three broad infuscate lines ; a black line throughout the meso-
pleurse immediately below the radix and a similar one, curving
forwards below, on the lower half of their apices ; metathorax
with a straight oblique slope and dense elongate white pubescence ;

THEKONIA. 143

the basally black areola large, quadrate and apically incomplete ;
lateral arese nearly entirely black, distinctly longer than broad and
slightly constricted towards their apices, which are broadest
externally ; external spiracular carina? narrow and curved. Abdomen
with a broad irregular band before the clear flavous apex of the basal
segment, and the bases of the remaining segments broadly black.
Legs, and especially the posterior, stout and covered with white
pubescence ; the greater part of the hind coxae externally, and the
underside of their trochanters and femora, black ; hind femora also
with a long inner and shorter outer infuscate discal line. Wings
hyaline, highly iridescent, with distinct prismatic reflections ;
areolet oblique, with the sides approximating though not coalescent
above, emitting the recurrent nervure from its apical fourth part.

Length 12 millim.

SIKKIM (JBingham).

Unknown to me.

•91. Theronia gracilis, Cam.

Theronia yracilis, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 154 ( § ).

d $ . Head with the mandibular teeth black, and the clypeus
glabrous and apically sinuate. Antennce brunneous and darker
apically ; scape flavescent beneath with dense and elongate
iufuscate pilosity. Thorax : mesonotum brunneous, with its sides
and two discal stripes flavous ; propleurse apically, and mesopleurse
below, a band beneath the radices, an oblique band to the apex
of the intermediate coxae and a mark above them, black ; meta-
thorax basally, and its external areas entirely, black ; areola
laterally straight, apically obsolete, with the basally open petiolar
area straight and oblique. Scutellum not strongly elevated,
laterally carinate above, rufescent, with its base flavous and the
apex black ; postscutellum basally rounded and constricted,
laterally stoutly and obliquely carinate ; the scutellar basal fovea
and a semicircular mark at its apex, with others above the hind
radices, black. Abdomen with the centre of the five basal, and
the base of the two following, segments transversely black ; basal
segment laterally black in the centre with its central furrow broad
and deeply impressed, as also are those on either side of the
second ; terebra 3 millim. Legs with the anterior femora slightly
and the hind ones nearly entirely fulvous ; hind coxae externally
at the base black and their tarsi nigrescent. Wings hyaline
throughout, with the costa and stigma rufescent ; nervures black ;
areolet oblique and not emitting the recurrent uervure beyond the
•centre.

Length 9-10 millim.

ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Rothney, type). MADRAS: Bangalore
-(Cameron, Ind. Mus.).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

144 1CHNEUMONID.E.

" A smaller and more slender species than T. nigrobalteata, with
which it agrees in having the abdominal segments banded with
black ; but it differs in having the central area on the base of the
median segment [metathoracicareola] open at the apex ; the lateral
area shorter and broader at the apex ; the petiole longer compared
with the second segment ; the wings not iirfuscated at the apex ;
the areolet slightly larger and receiving the recurrent nervure in
the middle . . . . if anything, before the middle" (Cameron, loc.
cit.).

92. Theronia maskeliyse, Cam.

Theronia maskeliya, Cameron,* Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 183 ( rf ? ).

<$ $ . A pale flavous species, smooth and nitidulous, with black
markings and short white pubescence. Head with only the ocellar
region, and a curved occipital line, black. Antennae stout and as
long as the body, black, with the flagellum basally infuscate and
the scape beneath flavous. Thorax: mesonotum black, with two
discal stripes and the lateral margins flavous ; metanotum flavous,
with its base, centre narrowly, sides broadly, and a large apically
constricted and basally incised mark at its apex, black ; lateral
areas longer than broad and apically constricted, basal area wanting,
lateral carinae straight and oblique, the spiracular curved, extending
to apex and forming a single area from base to apex of metathorax,
which is basally constricted by the lateral areae. Scutellum
flavous, with or without a central apically dilated black mark.
Abdomen with all the segments broadly black basally ; terebra
fully a quarter the length of the body (3 millim.). Legs with all the
femora broadly black-marked above ; intermediate tibia? infuscate
behind, the hind ones with their base and a broad band nigrescent ;
posterior tarsi also nigrescent. Wings clear hyaline, with the
nervures and stigma black.

Length 10 millim.

SIKKIM (Ind. Mus.) ; CEYLON : Maskeliya, iv. 1902, Kandy, viii.
1902 (E. E. Green) ; TENASSEBIM, Mergui (DoJierty, Ind. Mus.).

Type in the British Museum.

This is said to be a variable species, with respect to the extent
of the black markings. " The scutellum may have no black mark ;
the size of the black lines on the legs varies, that on the hind
femora may be cleft, wholly or in part ; the pleurae may be marked
with black and, as is the case with many PIMPLIDES, there is a
considerable variation in size," which is not indicated. This
species closely resembles my Orientotheronia maculipes, but may at
once be distinguished by its lack of metathoracic apophyses.

LISSOTnEEONIA. 145

Genus LISSOTHERONIA, Cam.
Lissothcronia, Cameron, Spolia Zej^lanica, 1905, p. 139.
GENOTYPE, L. flavipes, Cam.

Eyes ]arge and internally emarginate ; cheeks short. Antennae
slender and longer than the body, with the apical joint nearly as
long as the two preceding united. Metathorax strongly, closely,
and transversely striate, but with no longitudinal carinae and con-
sequently no arese ; spiracles about thrice as long as broad and
broader below than above. Abdomen with the segments broader
than long, entirely glabrous, uitidulous and impunctate with the
first basally bituberculate. Tarsi thickly spinose, with the claws
simple. Transverse median nervure received beyond the trans-
verse basal ; inner cubital nervure broadly rounded, with no
nervelet ; first recurrent of hind wings intercepted distinctly above
its centre. Clypeus apically obliquely depressed and basally
distinctly discrete from the face.

Range. Ceylon.

"This genus might be mistaken for a Pimpla, from which,
however, it can be readily known by the perfectly smooth, shining
abdomen. In Dr. Ashmeacl's system it would come in near
AUotheronia, which may be known from it by the metathorax
having a strong transverse apical area, with the upper angles
dentate or tuberculate, the whole thorax, too, being ' closely,
finely, rugosely punctate ' except for a spot on the middle of the
mesopleurae. It has the metanotum closely transversely striated,
as in Lissopimpla, having also the smooth abdomen of that genus ;
but otherwise is readily separated from it by the absence of
parapsidal furrows and of a tooth on the hind femora" (Cameron,
loc. cit.). The lack of all metathoracic arese will at once separate
it from the allied genera Theronia, OrientotJieronia, and Erythro-
theronia, which are probably little more than sections of a single
genus.

93. Lissotheronia flavipes, Cam.

Lissotlieroniaflavipes, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 139 ($).

5 . A black species and distinctly nitidulous, except upon the
metathorax which is closely striate, the pleurae more closely and
obliquely so than the disc ; sternum with dense fulvous pubescence.
Head with the face closely punctate, with the sides of the lower
part roundly convex ; clypeus apically depressed, smooth and
shining, with the raised upper part sparsely punctate. A spot on
the centre of the scutellum, and a curved one on the postscutellum,
flavous. Abdomen with the terebra fully a quarter the length of
the body (4 millim.). Leys flavous, with the front coxae centrally
below, and the posterior coxa) and trochauters entirely, black ;

L

146 ICHXBUMOXIDJE.

underside of coxae with dense fulvous pubescence ; tarsi spinose
and much longer than the tibiae. Wings flavesceut hyaline, with
a flavous dot at base of tegulae.

Length 15 niilliin.

CEYLON : Pundaluoya (E. E. Green}.

Unknown to me.

Genus ORIENTOTHERONIA, gen. nov.

GENOTYPE, 0. rufescens, sp. n.

Clypeus truncate at base and apex ; labrum not exserted ;
mandibular teeth of equal length ; cheeks obsolete ; eyes deeply
einarginate internally. Antennae stout. Mesonotuin not trans-
versely strigose, with obsolete notauli ; metathoracic areae strongly
carinate, with only the apex of the areola weak ; basal area wanting,
petiolar entire ; apophyses strongly but obtusely dentate ; spiracles
linear and not small. Scutellum not convex, with its lateral
cariu» narrow and not extending beyond the centre. Abdomen
impunctate, obsoletely alutaceous ; basal segment not carinate,
the second in $ transverse ; terebra shorter than abdomen. All
the femora subincrassate, the anterior canaliculate but not toothed
beneath ; claws simple, neither pectinate nor basal ly lobate.
Xreolet entire and sessile ; stigma narrow ; median nervure of
hind wing pellucid at the base ; nervellus emitted above centre.

Range. India, Burma, Ceylon, China.

This genus is closely allied to both Lissopimpla, Kriech., and
Allotheronia, Ashm. (Proc. U.S. JSat. Mus. 1900, p. 55); but it
has neither the dentate femora and deeply impressed notauli of
the one, nor the " metathorax exareolated but with a strong
transverse apical area " and the basally entire median nervure of
the other, which is known only by a single MS. species from New
Zealand.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Nervelet wanting ; first segment basally

constricted.

2 (3) Hind tibiae and antennae red ; radius sub-

sinuate rufescens, sp. n., p. 146.

3 (2) Hind tibiae with black markings, antennae

black ; radius nearly straight maculipes, sp. n., p. 148.

4 (1) Nervelet distinct; first segment sub-

pnrallel-sided throughout acheron, sp. n., p. 149.

94. Orientotheronia rnfescens, sp. n.

c? $ . A tawny species, with black and flavous markings. Head
flavous and not strongly narrowed nor abruptly declivous behind
the eyes ; occiput obsoletely punctate, bordered and black below ;
ocelli and scrobes black, the latter not small ; face apically

OBIENTOTHEROXIA. 147

narrowed, distinctly and somewhat strongly punctate and pilose ;
clypeus smoother, convex and truncate at the base and apex,
strongly transvserse, with the labrum not exserted ; mandibles
stout and punctate, with the apical teeth of equal length, short,
strongly obtuse and black ; cheeks obsolete, eyes strongly emargi-
nate next the scrobes. Antennce nearly as long as the body, a
little attenuate basally, ferruginous throughout, with the scape
flavous beneath ; basal flagellar joints cylindrical and not elongate,
hardly twice as long as broad. Thorax flavous and obsoletely
punctate ; mesonotum with longitudinal central and lateral
ferruginous marks on the disc and a curved black line beneath the
^radices ; metathorax apically ferruginous, with the external areae
entirely and determinately black ; lateral areae strong, areola a
little narrowed basally and weakly truncate apically ; apophyses
distinct but obtuse, spiracles linear and not small. Scutellum
.and postscutellum obsoletely punctate, not convex, with the apex
of the former piceous, and its lateral carinae narrow and not
extending beyond the centre. Abdomen subfusiform, ferruginous,
hardly reticulate and strongly nitidulous ; all the segments
-centrally black on the distinct and transverse tubercles, with a
flavous transverse line before their apices ; basal segment distinctly
longer than broad, flavous, with a determinate central black or
castaneous fascia which is medially impressed ; terebra black,
obsoletely pilose and half the length of the abdomen. Legs
flavous, with the anterior femora canaliculate beneath; hind coxae
-and apices of trochanters, and the posterior femora beneath, black,
the latter above (as well as whole of their tibiae) castaneous and
their tarsi infuscate ; claws strongly curved, somewhat slender,
not basally lobate nor extending beyond the pulvilli. Wings
siliceous and not clouded; radix and tegulaa flavous, latter apically
castaneous ; cosra and the very narrow stigma piceous ; radial
nervure somewhat straight above the oblique and sessile areolet,
•which emits the recurrent nervure slightly beyond its centre;
first recurrent of the lower wings strongly postf urcal, emitting
the nervellus from its upper third.

Length 9-12 millim.

There is usually a black mark before the scutellum and a black
line down the base of the mesopleurse ; the areola is often marked
with black, but the abdominal tubercles are not infrequently no
• darker than the disc, and in one or two cases I have seen the
three mesonotal stripes purely rufescent ; the sinuation of the
exterior radius appears variable, being much stronger above the
: areolet in specimens which have the stigma testaceous.

The male differs only in its more elongate and narrower
abdomen.

SIKKIM, 1800 ft. and 4000 ft. (G. 0. Dudgeon, Bingham);
ASSAM : Khasi Hills ; BUEMA. : Rangoon (type) and Mandalay
.(Bingham), Palon and Shwegu-rayo (Fea). HovG-KoNG.

Type in the British Museum.

L2

148 ICHXEUMOXIDJE.

95. Orientotheronia maculipes, *p. ».

J $ • A flavous and black species, with fusiform abdomen.
Head flavous and not strongly narrowed or abruptly declivous-
behind tbe eyes; occiput obso-
letely punctate, bordered and black
below, the colour centrally coales-
cent with that of the ocelli ; scrobes
somewhat large and centrally
black ; face apically narrowed,
distinctly and not strongly punc-
tate and pilose ; clypeus smoother,
a little convex and truncate at the
base and apex, strongly transverse
with the labrum not exserted ;
mandibles stout and punctate with
the apical teeth of equal length,
short, black and somewhat obtuse ;
cheeks obsolete, eyes strongly
Fig. 32. emarginate next the scrobes. An-

Orientotlieronia macnlipet, Mori. UnlM ajmost as iong ag tile body?

a little attenuate basally, black,

with only the base paler beneath ; flagellar joints cylindrical and
not elongate, hardly twice as long as broad. Thorax stramineous
and obsolete!)1" punctate; mesonotum with longitudinal central
and lateral black marks on the disc, a callosity beneath the radix,
inesopleune in front and inferiorly behind, black ; metathorax
glabrous, with the external are* and the base of the strongly
transverse and apically obsolete areola black ; lateral costae strong,
apophyses weak, spiracles linear and not small. Scutellum and
postscutellum immaculate, obsoletely punctate, a little convex,
with the lateral carinae narrow and hardly extending beyond the
centre. Abdomen fusiform, hardly punctate and strongly nitidulous;
flavous, with the apices of the basally entirely black segments
rufescent or testaceous ; tubercles distinct and transverse ; basal
segment fully half as long again as apically broad, with a de-
terminate and centrally canaliculate black fascia ; terebra three-
fifths the abdominal length, black and obsoletely pilose. Leys
stramineous, with the anterior femora canaliculate beneath ; all the
femora longitudinally nigrescent above, as also are the tibiae at
the base and internally at the apex; posterior tarsi infuscate,
hind coxa? internally and externally black-dotted, apices of their
trochanters and a spot below the hind femora black; claws
strongly curved, somewhat slender, not basally lobate nor ex-
tending beyond the pulvilli. Winys siliceous and not clouded ;
radix and tegulac flavous, the latter apicallv darker ; costa and the
narrow stigma piceous ; radial nervure almost straight above the
oblique and sessile areolet, which emits the recurrent nervure
slightly beyond its centre ; first recurrent of the lower wings
strongly postfurcal, emitting the nervellus from its upper third.

ORIENTOTHERONIA. — ERYTHROTIIEROXIA. 149

Length 8-11 millim.

PUNJAB : Kangra Valley, 4500 ft., x. 99 (G. C. Dudgeon} ;
BOMBAY: Poona, viii. 80 (R. C. Wroughton) ; CEYLON: Pundaluoya
<type o ), Kitli Otu, 21. ii. 92 (Got. Yerbury, type 6 ), Kandy,
vi. 06, and Sigriya, v.-vii. 09 (E. E. Green); TENASSERIM: : Mergui
•(Doherty—Ind. Mas.). SINGAPORE (II. N. Ridley).

Types in the British Museum.

Closely allied to the last species, but at once recognised by its
black antennae and black-marked hind tibiae ; distinctly banded
abdomen, which is much less rufescent; and the uniformly
straighter radius ; the average si/e is smaller and the abdomen
distinctly narrower towards its base. It has much the facies of a
Nomada.

90. Orientotheronia acheron, sp. u.

c? . A stramineous species with profuse black markings, the head
posteriorly constricted, the basal segment subquadrate and the
.nervelet distinct.

Length 8 millim.

There can be no doubt that a single male I have seen is
abundantly distinct from both the preceding species, since the
basal abdominal segment is very much shorter and stouter, hardly
longer than apically broad, the head narrower behind the eyes,
the nervelet distinct and the whole facies obviously more " squat"
and compact. In its markings and sculpture, however, it exactly
•corresponds with the male of the last-described species.

CEYLON: Pundaluoya (BingJiam).

Type in the British Museum.

Genus ERYTHROTHERONIA, Cam.
Erythrotheronia, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 134.
'GENOTYPE, E.flavolineata, Cam.

Temples moderately large, obliquely narrowed ; eyes incised,
but not deeply, on the inner side ; malar space almost absent.
Last joint of antenna? shorter than the preceding two united.
Metathorax areolated, not toothed ; the spiracles longer than
•wide. Scutellum raised, stoutly keeled laterally to near the apex.
Abdomen smooth, without furrows. Legs stout; the claws large,
edentate. Areolet oblique, 5-augled ; the transverse median
nervure interstitial ; transverse median nervure in hind wings
broken, distinctly above the middle.

The bold and constant sanguineous coloration is quite dis-
tinctive.

Range. Ceylon.

" The type of this genus looks like a red Xanthopimpla or Theronia.
In Dr. Ashmead's system it comes near to the Jfew Zealand genus

150

IC1INEUMO2CIDJE.

AllotJieronia, from which it differs in the regularly areolated, not
dentate, median segment, Theronia and Neotheronia* differ,
inter alia, in having pectinated claws'' (Cameron, I.e.). At first
I thought this genus possibly synonymous with my Orientotheronia,.
but it is very obviously distinct in the non-dentate metathorax,
elevated scutellum, which is laterally margined to near its apex,
and the but slightly emarginate eyes.

At present we know but a single species, from Ceylon.

97. Erythrotheronia flavolineata, Cam.

Erythrotheronia favolineata, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905,.

p. 134, pi. B,tig. 12(rf$).

j $ . A ferruginous, glabrous and nitidulous species, with the
antenna alone black. Head with the cheeks, palpi, mandibles,
clypeus, the external orbits apically, and the sparsely but distinctly

punctate face (which is-
laterally elevated) flavous.
Antennae black, with the-
scape flavous, and the fla-
gellum piceous, beneath.
Thorax nitidulous and im-
punctate, the mesonotiun
with dense infuscate pubes-
cence ; lower half of the
propleurae, two mesonotal
stripes and its sides at the
base, petiolar area and the
metapleurae except above,,
flavous ; metanotal areae com-
plete, areola twice as long as
broad, with the external and
dentiparal area broader than
long, the former the longer,
with its carina apically rounded, the latter broadest externally ;
spiracular area? and petiolar area large, posterior areae sub-
triangular. Scutellum apically, its basal carinae and the whole
postscutellum, flavous. Abdomen nitidulous and impunctate;
apices of all the segments flavous ; terebra one-fifth the length
of the body (3 millim.). Lef/s ferruginous, with the anterior coxae,
and all the trochanters, flavous. Wings hyaline and highly

Fig. 33.
Erythrotheronia flavolineata, Cam.

* This genus appears to be confined to Tropical America, so far as is at
present known, and to comprise numerous species, several of which were
described by Cresson (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philadelphia, 1873) and many more
by Krieger (cf. the latter's very excellent papers in Ber. Nat. Ges. ^Leipzig,
1899, and "Ueber die Ichneumonidengattung Neotheronia, Kr." in Zeits.
Hyiu.-Dip. 1905, pp. 286-333).

ERTTHROTHEKON1A. — PIMPLA. 151

iridescent, with a slight inf umate-violaceous reflection ; tegulas
internally flavous, stigma testaceous and iiervures black.

Length 12-14 ruillim.

CEYLON : Kandy, vii. and ix. (E. E. Green, 0. S. Wickivar}.

No mention is made of the disposition of the wing-nervures
in the above description, but from the figure (I. c.) it seems
evident that the areolet is remarkably transverse and fully
twice as broad as high, emitting the recurrent nervure from
slightly before its apex ; the radius is bisinuate, above the areolet
and a little before its apex ; the basal nervure is poorly figured ;
nor does it appear clear whether the nervellus is emitted at, or
distinctly a little above, the centre of the obviously postfurcal
first recurrent of the hind wing ; the figure given by Cameron is
that of the c? . In my females all these points are correct, the
basal nervure is continuous through the median, and the nervellus
is intercepted very distinctly above its centre.

Superficially this species has much the facies of a pale EcWiro-
morplia.

Genus PIMPLA, F.
Pimpla, Fabricius, Piez, 1804, p. 112.
GENOTYPE, Ichneumon instigator, F.

Head transverse, short and broad, somewhat narrowed behind
the usually slightly emarginate eyes ; frons subim pressed, shining,
centrally a little concave, with the scrobes large ; clypeus basally
distinctly discrete, towards the apex strongly depressed, and not
emarginate apically ; labrum but slightly exserted ; mandibles
apically attenuate, with the teeth of equal length. Antennae
filiform and in $ very slender ; scape strongly excised exter-
nally and in J often pale beneath. Thorax stout and convex,
often pilose and shining ; notauli usually obsolete ; metathoracic
areae never entire, usually the lateral alone traceable ; spiracles
not circular. Scutellum not strongly convex ; often pale. Abdo-
men broadly sessile and usually wider in the middle ; first segment
excavate at the base and, at least there, carinate, with the spiracles
before the centre ; remaining segments usually distinctly broader
than long, especially in the $ , with the surface strongly punctate,
distinctly uneven, laterally tuberculate, transversely impressed
before the subelevated apices ; two apical ventral segments of $
divided for the passage of the terebra, which is always exserted,
though never longer than the abdomen. Legs not unusually short
or stout ; tarsal claws simple, neither lobate nor pectinate.
Wings with the areolet complete and subtriangular ; nervellus
always intercepting the first recurrent of the lower wing above
its centre.

Range. Both hemispheres.

152 IC1INEUMOXIDJE.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Scutellura sulcate; all abdominal

segments apically flavescent latmtlcata, Cam., p. 153.

2 (1) Scutellum not sulcate; abdominal

segments not or hardly pale.

3 (4) Coxse flavous; abdomen mainly

brunneous bicariiinta, Cam., p. 153.

4 (3) Coxte at least partly, and the abdo-

men, black or blue.

5 (8) Basal abdominal segment obsoletely

reticulate ; tarsi pale throughout.
<J (7) Mesopleurse and abdomen tinely

punctate ; tegulae pale ampla, sp. n., p. 154.

7 (6) Mesopleurae and abdomen entirely

impunctate ; tegulre black taprobance, Cam., p. 155.

8 (5) Basal segment distinctly punctate ;

tarsi mainly nigrescent.

9 (26) Areolet normal ; face and pronotum

immaculate black.

10 (15) Hind femora and most of tibiae uni-

colorous red.

11 (14) Frons with central impressed line ;

hind tarsi black.

12 (13) Apices of hind tibiae not black instii/ator, F., p. 156.

13 (12) Apices of hind tibias distinctly black hiothoe, Cam., p. 158.

14 (11) Frons with no impressed line ; hind

tarsi apically pale nejte, Cam., p. 159.

15 (10) Hind tibiae black, rarely pale

banded.

16 (21) Hind tibiae not or but obsoletely

pale-banded.

1 7 ( 18) Face not strongly punctate ; meta-

thorax subrugulose arctica, Zett., p. 160.

18 (17) Face strongly punctate ; metathorax

trans-striate.

19 (20) All the femora red ; abdomen dull

blue-black vtdra, Cam., p. 161.

20 (19) Hind femora black; abdomen bright

metallic blue cyanca, sp. n., p. 162.

21 (16) Hind tibiae broadly and conspicu-

ously pale-banded.

22 (23) Frons trans-aciculate; front tibiae

pale-banded turionetta, L., p. 163.

23 (22) Frons not trans-aciculate ; front

tibiae unicolorous.

24 (25) Hind femora red ; frons coarsely

punctate ; metathorax punctate . . Jtinmlayemis, Cam., p. 104.

25 (24) Hind femora black ; frons subglab-

rous ; metathorax trans-strigose . . apo/lyon, sp. n., p. 165.

26 (9) Areolet broad ; face or pronotum

marked with flavous.

27 (28) Face flavous ; pronotum and abdo-

men immaculate latifoceata, Cam., p. 166.

28 (27) Face black ; pronotal and abdominal

marks flavous Itetiventris, Cam., p. 1G8.

153

Pimpla sagrce, Voll., is recorded from "India" by Dalla Torre
(Cat. Hym. Hi, p. 448) ; but its author describes both sexes (Stett.
Ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 149) from Java only, and I have heard of no
subsequent records.

98. Pimpla latisulcata, Cam.

Pimpla latisulcata, Cameron, Zeits. Ilym.-Dip. 1908, p.

tf . Black. Head glabrous and nitidulous, with only the face
and clypeus closely and strongly punctate, densely and somewhat
elongately infuscate-pilose. 'lliorax: pro- and mesothorax niti-
dulous, sparsely and obsoletely punctate ; metapleural carinae
strongly and closely punctate, densely white-pilose. Scutellum
black, more strongly punctate than the mesonotum, centrally
longitudinally silicate throughout and less broadly towards its
apex. Abdomen more than twice as long as the thorax, strongly
and rugosely punctate, most strongly on the basal segments, with
the basal segmental impressions crenulate ; apex of basal segment
with a short central line, and narrow lines at the apices of the
second to sixth, rufo-flavous. Legs : anterior pairs pale fulvous,
with their coxa) and trochanters navous ; hind legs red with the
tibia? darker below and paler above, and their tarsi black. Wings
hyaline and strongly iridescent, with the nervures and stigma
black ; areolet broad above, emitting the recurrent nervure from
its apical fourth; transverse median nervure pellucid.

Length 12 milliin.

SIKKIM (Binf/liam).

The peculiar conformation of the scutellum should at once
distinguish this species, which I have not seen, from all the other
PIMPLIDES ; the pale-marked abdomen relates it somewhat to the
genus Exeristes, Forst.

99. Pimpla bicarinata, Cam.

Pimpla bicarinata, Cameron, Maiicli. Mem. 1899, p. 171 ($).

5 . A black species with the abdomen and mouth brunneous,
the legs mainly navous and the wings hyaline. Head black ; face
sparsely punctate, with somewhat elongate infuscate pilosity ;
epistorna obtusely carinate ; clypeus, labrum and mandibles
brownish and nitidulous, with the teeth black ; palpi pale flavous ;
frons and vertex glabrous and nitidulous, the former but little
deplanate. Antennce black, with the scape thickly and elongately
white-pilose. Tliorax glabrous and nitidulous, immaculate black ;
mesonotum densely and elongately white-pilose ; metathorax
strongly and uniformly punctate, with the glabrous central area
straightly and distinctly carinate and apically divergent ; pro- and
meso-pleurae glabrous and nitidulous, sparsely and somewhat

154 ICHNEUMOJTIDjE.

elongately pale-pilose, with the latter apicallv impressed and
deepest at the extreme apex, which is inferiorly crenulate ; meta-
pleune basally not deeply impressed, with the base and the area?
below the lateral carina? glabrous, and the lateral areas strongly
punctate. Scutcllum sparsely and shallowly punctate ; post-
scutellutn closely punctate. Abdomen brunneous, with the basal
segment between its centre and apex, and the apices of the four
following segments narrowly, black ; first segment with the basal
fovea, the sides near the centre, the apex and a broad oblique band
on either side of it, glabrous ; the remaining segments closely and
strongly punctate, but more obsoletely towards the anus ; third
and fourth segments deeply and broadly impressed transversely
before their apices ; venter with the basal segment black and the
remainder fulvo-testaceous ; terebra not quite half the length of
the body, with the valvula? strongly pilose. Leys flavous, with the
hind femora, tibiae and tarsi fulvous. Wings clear hyaline, with
the uervures and stigma black ; areolet elongate, oblique and
shortly petiolate, with its internal nervure straight and the external
curved ; recurrent nervure emitted from very near the apex of the
areolet.

Length 10 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

100. Pimpla ampla, sp. n.

<? $ . A black species, with the tibiae and femora entirely bright
citrinous, the scutelluin white and the wings subflavescent. Head
of normal breadth behind the very slightly emarginate eyes, with

the occiput finely punctate and
bordered; frons subconcaveand,
except centrally, finely punctate ;
face more rugosely punctate
with somewhat elongate fulvous
pilosity, longitudinally im-
pressed on either side of the
epistoma ; clypeus truncate at
its transversely impressed and
subglabrous apex, as well as at

/ ^ • ^ X *ts convex an(l punctate base ;

mandibles immaculate and not
broad, palpi infuscate and the
cheeks very short. Antenna?
filiform and slender, a little
shorter than the body and im-
Fig. 34. —Pimpla nmpla, Mori. maculate, with the basal flagellar
joints cylindrical and strongly

elongate. Thorax obsoletely and confidently punctate, with the
petiolar area and specular region subglabrous ; notauli short and

PIMPLA.. 155-

superficial, mesonotal pubescence short and fulvous ; metathorax:
basally traus-aciculate, with no arese and only the lateral costse
traceable ; spiracles broadly ovate, apophyses wanting. Scutellum
and postscutellum. except apically, bright stramineous, deplanate,.
with infuscate pilosity but no border. Abdomen of <3 cylindrical
and parallel-sided, of $ elongate fusiform ; nitidulous and obso-
letely punctate, black, with the extreme apices of the four basal
segments indefinitely badious ; basal segment nearly twice as long
as apically broad, subglabrous, centrally elevated and shallowly
canaliculate to near its apex ; the following three subtransverse,.
with obsolete lateral tubercles and the apical ones becoming more
transverse ; venter black, valvulae not exserted ; terebra half the
length of the abdomen, spicula black. Legs slender and not short,
pale flavous, with only the coxaB an'd posterior trochaoters black ;.
tarsal claws slender, curved, not basally lobate nor extending:
beyond the pulvilli, with the apical half alone black. Wings-
ample, slightly and evenly flavescent throughout ; radix and
tegulae stramineous ; costa and stigma piceous, the latter internally
ferruginous ; areolet not small, oblique, sessile and emitting the
recurrent nervure from its apical third ; radius straight ; first
recurrent of lower wing strongly postfurcal, emitting the nervellus
from its upper third.

Lenrjth 8-16 millim.

CEYLON: Horton Plains, 6500 ft., v. 02 (Bingliam, type),.
Maskeliya, iii. 09 (F. BaMrigge Fletcher), Ohiya, 6000 ft., viii. 06,.
and Agrapatnas, xii. 09 (0. IS. Wickwarj, Namunakule, 6600 ft.,
ii. 10 (E. E. Green).

Type in the British Museum.

This species is closely allied to P. instigator, F., but the whole
sculpture is finer and much more strongly nitidulous ; the legs
are conspicuously paler, substramineous, with the hind tarsi con-
colorous, the wings are decidedly flavescent and the metathoracic
spiracles much broader.

101. Pimpla taprofoanae, Cam.

Pimpla taprolana, Cameron *, Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 21 ($)•

5 . Black with the legs flavous, the coxae and trochanters black,,
and the wings fulvo-hyaline. " Head closely punctured, covered
with a short white pubescence ; the face projecting, at top
forming almost a triangle ; clypeus forming a semicircle at^the top,
where it is obscurely punctured; the apex almost perpendicular;
the labrum piceous, fringed with long golden hair ; palpi and
mandibles entirely black. Pro- and meso-notum thickly covered
with fuscous hair ; obscurely shagreened ; pro- and meso-pleura?
shining, impunctate, thickly covered with short whitish pubescence,
and having a plumbeous tinge ; the median segment [metathorax]
broadly raised in the middle at the base; the centre raised;,
strongly, the sides finely transversely, striated ; the centre at the

156 1CHXEUMOX1D.E.

apex with an oblique slope ; the sides rather acute at the top.
A large square spot on the scutellum and a long one on the post-
scutellum yellow. Abdomen entirely black ; shining, impunctate ;
the petiole at the base depressed in the middle ; oblique ; its top
somewhat triangularly, its sides much more widely, depressed ;
gastrocoeli oblique, smooth, raised in the centre ; and from them
an oblique furrow leads to the apex of the [second] segment ;
the oblique furrows on the third segment moderately deep and
wide ; on the fourth they are shallower. Legs almost bare ; the
fore trochanters beneath and at the apex all round, yellow.
AVings fulvo-hyaliue ; the stigma testaceous in the middle ; the
tegulae black."

Length 113 millim.

CEYLON.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

The above description of Cameron's, though poor, is sufficient
to show that this female is closely allied to his Pimpla poesia,
which I consider nothing but au Oriental form of P. instigator, F.
Therefrom P. taprobance may be at once known by the obsoletely
punctate abdomen and pleura?, in which it resembles the genus
llieronia ; the curiously and stoutly bituberculate basal segment-
is distinct from that of any other species of this genus known
to me.

102. Pimpla instigator, F.

Ichneumon instigator, Fabricius, Eut. Syst. ii, 1793, p. 164 ( $ ) ;

Panzer, Schaef. Ic. pi. cv, 1804, fig. 5 (rf).
Cryptus instigator. Fabriciu.s, Piez. 1804, p. 85.
Si rex spectrum, Donovan, Brit. Ins. vii, pi. 225, figs. 1 & '2 ( $ ) ;

cf. Stephens, 111. Man. vii, p. 880.
Pimpla instigator, Graveuhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, p. 216; Curtis,

Brit. Ent. pi. ccxiv, figs. 1-5 ; Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. p. 375 ;

Ratzeburg, Ichn. Forst. i, p. 886 ; id., iii, p. 99, pi. iv, fig. 1 ;

Curtis, Farm Ins. p. 99 ; Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Haudl. 1854, p. 87 ;

id., op. cit. 1860, n. 10, p. 18: Tascheuberg, Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1863,

pp. 52 & 2G1 ; Thomson, Opr Ent. viii, p. 74(5 & xiii, p. 1408 ;

Schmiedeknecht, Zool. Jahrb. 1888, p. 470 ( rf $ ).
Var. P. intermedia, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Haudl. 1860, n. 10, p. 19

(<m

Tar. P. processioned, Ratzeburg, op. cit. iii, p. 101 (d) ; cf. Tos-

quinet, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1897, p. 283.
Var. P. poesia, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 176 ($).

c? £ . A black species, with only the femora and the tibiae red.
Head transverse, somewhat short and strongly narrowed behind
the eyes ; frons concave and subexcavate, transversely aciculate,
with a longitudinal central impressed line ; clypeus basally elevated,
strongly depressed towards the glabrous and subtruncate apex;
«yes oblong-ovate and slightly emarginate next the scrobes; face
strongly and evenly punctate, with long black pilosity, centrally
convex, with a longitudinal and often subglabrous line; man-
dibles stout and coarsely punctate, margined below ; palpi of <$

PIMPLA. 1ST

stramineous, of 5 with the three apical joints fulvous. Antennce
a little shorter than the body ; of $ very slender, filiform through-
out with the basal flagellar joints apically subnodulose and the first
nearly half as long again as the second ; of $ stouter, apically sub-
attenuate, with the basal flagellar joints much shorter ; flagellum
sometimes dull ferruginous beneath, scape punctate. Thorax stout,
gibbous, immaculate; mesonotum and mesosternum evenly punctate
and nitidulous, with obsolete notauli ; mesopleurse strongly punctate
and posteriorly strigose; metathorax subdeplauate and scabrous,
with the area) wanting, lateral earinae stout and obtuse, aud spiracles
elongate-oblong. Scutdhim deplanate, shining, glabrous, with
sparse brown pilosity, black ; in both sexes rarely more or less
apically flavous. Abdomen black, of d" subcylindrical, of $ oblong-
ovate, longer and hardly narrower than the head and thorax ;
first segment not carinate, basally excavate, centrally bituberculate
in 2 5 and apically subelevated ; the four basal segments scabricu-
lously punctate, with a subobsolete transversely impressed line
and a small oblique basal impresskm on either side, apically shining
and slightly elevated ; the remainder smooth with no impressions ;.
terebra hardly half the length of the abdomen, with the valvulao
shortly pilose. Legs somewhat stout but not short, red or fulvous :
coxae and trochanters black, with the latter sometimes apically
red ; hind tarsi except rarely basally, black ; claws stout, curved,
ferruginous, distinctly a little longer than the pulvilli, neither
pectinate nor in $ lobate basally. Winr/s normal, sometimes more
or less infumate ; stigma and radix black, piceous or ferruginous,
with the former always distinctly paler basally; tegulae black,
usually white-marked and in <S- often entirely pale stramineous ;
areolet subsessile, somewhat transverse ; the internal cubital
sinuate, with no nervelet ; nervellus strongly postfurcal and
intercepting far above the centre.

Length 10-20 mi Him.

PUNJAB: Simla, 7000 ft., x. 07 (Pusa coll.), v. 97 and viii. 98
(Col. Nurse) ; SIKKIM, 4000 ft., iv. 94 (Col. Binyham)-, BENGAL :
Pusa, iv. 07 (B. Sinyh) ; ASSAM : Shillong, v. 03 (Rowland
Turner}, Khasi Hills (IF. F. Badyley, and Ind. Mus.); MADRAS :
Bangalore (Ind. Mus.) ; CEYLON : Pundaluoya (Binyham), Petti-
pola, xii. 07 (T. Bainbrlyye Fletcher). EUROPE.

This is an unusually constant species, apparently varying in
nothing but size. The variety intermedia, is very distinct in its
constantly smaller size of about 9 millim., the frons less excavate,
with the vertex more closely punctate, metanotum basally sub-
canaliculate, apices of abdominal segments always more or less
rufescent, stigma hardly paler basally, and the eyes internallv
more deeply emarginate. It is very probably a good species, and
I have seen but one female referable to it from Kashmir,
5000-6000 ft., May (Col. Nurse).

A very lucid account of the structure of this species, as illus-
trating that of the ICHNEUMON ID^SE in general, is given by
Westwood (Introd. Mod. Classif. ii, p. 137 ; ii, p. 140) and it is well-
figured by Van Vollenhoven (Pinac. pi. ix, fig. 1). The Oriental

158

ICIIXEUMON1D.E.

specimens (P. pocsia, Cam.) differ to only a very slight extent
(mainly in their duller body) from the familiar European form ;
in the $ , as well as in the rf , the scutellum is usually, though not
always, mainly ttavous, the tegulae are testaceous and the stigma,
•in all the examples of both sexes that I have seen, is clear fulvous.
There can, however, remain no shadow of doubt that they are
conspecific. I have seen the types of both sexes of P. poesla iu
the British Museum ; the female lacks both antennae.

One of the very commonest of the whole ICHNEFMOXIDJE
•throughout Europe, it is not surprising that this species should
extend to the hill districts of India, though its occurrence in
'Ceylon is more remarkable. It is one of the first insects ever
described, since it is recorded under the name Musca bipilis
secunda by old Moufet, from the neighbourhood of Oxford as long
ago as 1634 (Ins. Theatr. p. 63). Its parasitism is most probably
confined to the Lepidoptera, as the only two records from TEX-
THREDIXID.I: require confirmation ; upon the former it appears
well-nigh omnivorous, attacking with impartiality every group
and family. Nearly a hundred distinct species from which it has
been bred are enumerated in my " Icbneumonologia Britannica "
(iii, pp. 92-95), where also are given details of its economy so
far as they were known in 1908. Its Indian hosts are at present
unknown, although it appears to be as common in India as in
Europe, and is represented in all the collections I have seen.

103. Pimpla laothoe, Cam.

Pimpla laothoe, Cameron, Manch. Mein. 1897, p. 22 ( $ ).

cf $ . A black species, with the scutellum immaculate and the
legs mainly red. Head densely covered with fulvesceut pilositv,
which is especially elongate and thick below the scapes, where is

a central nitidulous and im-
punctate line ; frons broadly
but not deeply impressed ;
front ocellus surrounded by
a furrow, continued down
the centre of the frons,
which is shallowly punctate.
Antenna filiform and very
slender, nearly as long as
the body and black, with all
the flagellar joints strongly
elongate. Thorax immacu-
late, closely punctate and
densely pilose ; metathorax
evenly declivous and late-
rally subcarinate, rugose and
Fig. 3o.— Pi mnla laothoe, Cam. • :•

in the centre transversely

strigose; propleune longi-
tudinally strigose below and stoutly bicariuate longitudinally above;

159

spiracles large and strongly elongate. Scutellum glabrous and
nitidulous, shallowly and isolatedly punctate, laterally strongly
and closely punctate ; postscutellum rugosely punctate. Abdomen
immaculate, closely and strongly punctate, with the segmental
apices glabrous and nitidulous ; first segment basally broadly
impressed, smooth and subimpunctate, becoming distinctly punc-
tate beyond the strong but short carinae; terebra 3-5 millim.
in length. Legs red, with all the coxae and hind trochanters, the
hind tarsi and apices of their tibiae broadly, black ; all the coxae,
tibiae and tarsi densely fulvo-pilose. Wings fulvo-hyaline, with
the nervures and stigma fulvous.

Length 13-17 millim.

UNITED PROVINCES : Mussoori (Rothney, type) ; MADRAS :
Utakamand (Ind. Mus.).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This is certainly a good species, closely allied to P. instigator,
but instantly known by the narrower abdomen, 'more nitidulous and
strongly bicarinate basal segment, strongly fulvescent wings and
apically broadly black hind tibiae. Probably rare, since the only
specimen I have seen (which possesses entirely black hind femora,
not noted by Cameron) did not come to hand till 1910.

104. Pimpla nepe, Cam.

fimpla nepe, Cameron, Mauch. 3Iem. 1897, p. 23, pi. iii, fig. 4 ($).

§ . A black species with the legs mainly red. " Head closely
and strongly punctured below the antennae ; the front widely
depressed, impunctate, shining; the palpi dirty testaceous. Pro-
and rnesonotum strongly and closely punctured, thickly covered
with short pale hair ; median segment [metathorax] with a gradu-
ally rounded slope from the base to the apex ; coarsely rugosely
punctured ; the centre broadly raised in the middle towards the
apex ; pleurae and sternum punctured. The scutellum thickly
punctured behind, more sparsely in front; the top with a pale
orange mark ; the postscutellum strongly longitudinally striolated.
The petiole with a deep impunctate excavation at the base ; the
other segments closely and somewhat strongly punctured, except
at the extreme apex ; terebra 4 millim. All the coxae and tro-
chauters are black ; the former on the lower side thickly covered
with fulvous hair; the hinder tarsi black, except at the extreme
apex.

"Length 13 millim.

" Almost identical in coloration with P. laothoe, but may be
known from it by the absence of the furrow on the front and of
the keels on the propleurse; by the scutellum being more closely
and strongly punctured and pale yellow in the centre."

UNITED PROVINCES : Mussoori (JRothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

The insect figured is undoubtedly a $ of the restricted genus

160 ICHNKUMOXID.T:.

Pimpla, though the erroneously short terebra lends it somewhat
the aspect of Itoplectis cvrticmtda, Kriech. Both this and 1 he-
preceding species appear remarkahly closely allied to P. i

105. Pimpla arctica, Zett.

Pimpla arctica, Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. p. 375 (d1) ; Holmgren, Sv.
Ak. Ilandl. 1860, p. 19 ; Thomson, Op. Ent. xiii, p. 1408 ( rf $ ).
P. lajtponica, Thomson (nee Zett.), op. cit. viii, p. 746.
P. gpuria, Schmiedeknecht (nee Grav.), Zool. Jahrb. 1888, p. 477.

cJ $ . Head short and somewhat strongly constricted behind
the eyes ; frons and face hardly nitidulous, the former trans-
versely subrugulose, the latter shallowly punctate ; palpi piceous.
Antennce long and slender, filiform and immaculate. Thorax
black; mesonotum shining, finely and shallowly punctate ; meso-
pleurae finely, evenly and diffusely punctate, becoming subrugose
below ; metathorax strongly rugose-punctate, with the areola
apical ly; entire and laterally distinctly carinate ; petiolar area
basal ly rugose and apically nitidulous ; metapleurae closely and
finely strigose ; spiracles elongate. Scutellrm immaculate (or
apically flavous). Abdomen closely and coarsely punctate basally,
more finely towards the nitidulous apex ; tubercles obsolete ;
apices of the segments not broadly elevated and nitidulous, the
apical ones often narrowly pale ; terebra half the length of the
abdomen, with the valvulro shortly pilose. Leys red, with the
coxae black ; hind tibiae, often the femora, and at least the apices
of the tarsi nigrescent, with their tibia3 usually narrowly pale-
banded before the base. Wings a little clouded, with the fenestne
very distinct ; stigma nigrescent, with its base somewhat pale ;
nervellus intercepting far above the centre of the first recurrent
nervure.

Length 9-15 millim.

KASHMIR, 6000-7000 ft., v. 1901 (Col. Nurse) ; PUNJAB : Simla,
7000 ft. (Col. Nurse, v. 1897 and in Pusa coll. x. 1907).

In Europe it is an essentially northern species, common in
Scandinavia but seldom met with in the central countries. As
compared with European specimens, the Indian <3 differs only in
its distinctly paler stigma, while the apex of the scutellum is
bright flavous in the $ ; both of which modifications have already
been noted as obtaining in the eastern representatives of European
species, under P. instigator.

This species is very like P. iurionella?, and especially its var.
strif/iphwis ; but it is altogether stouter, with the hiud tibia3 at
most but narrowly pale-banded. I have seen no Oriental speci-
mens with any trace of the pale band. From P. instigator it
differs in having the face much more closely, and in the elevated
centre confluently, punctate, with short grey pilosity; the palpi
with at most the two apical joints paler, the scape more strongly

PIMPLA. 161

punctate beneath, the rnesopleurse not at all strigose, the scu-
tellum much more finely punctate throughout ; the hind legs
mainly black, with the coxae strongly and subconfiuently punctate ;
the areolet externally pellucid and the internal cubital nervure
less sinuate.

106. Pimpla indra, Cam.

Pimpla indra, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 179 (?).

2 . Metallic blue-black, with the femora and anterior tibiae
ferruginous. " The face strongly punctured ; the clypeus with a
row of larger, deeper and longer punctures ; the front smooth,
broadly depressed ; the lower part quite smooth, the upper
obscurely transversely striated in the middle. Antennae black ;
the scape smooth, shining; the flagellum almost bare. Meso-
notum shining, having a faint plumbeous hue : the basal two-
thirds of the median segment [metathorax] strongly transversely
striated, most strongly so in the middle ; the apex in the middle
smooth, slightly raised in the middle; the sides obscurelv acicu-
lated : the base of the propleurae finely longitudinally striated ;
the lower two-thirds of the apical part rather strongly longi-
tudinally striated : mesopleurae coarsely punctured, the middle
smooth above ; the apex stoutly crenulated, the part over the
middle coxae coarsely striated : metapleurae coarsely rugosely
punctured; the apex more closely punctured than the base; the
basal depression smooth in the middle, the sides roughly punc-
tured. Scutellum at the base very shining, bearing only a few-
slight punctures ; its apex rugosely punctured : postscutellum
smooth, the depression at its sides wide, strongly longitudinally
striolated. The central depression on the petiole smooth ; the
sides and apex roughly aciculated ; the sides at the apex divided
by a flat, oblique, raised part ; in the centre above it is finely
transversely striated, intermixed with large punctures : terebra
5 mm. Legs black ; all the femora and the anterior tibiae ferru-
ginous ; the anterior tarsi fuscous. Wings fulvo-hyaline, stigma
and nervures black."

c? . The hitherto undescribed d* differs only in having the clypeus
subglabrous and concave, the abdomen narrower and subcylinclrical,
the antennae stouter and less filiform, and the wings less strongly
fulvescent.

Length 10-15 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney, type), Shillong, 6000 ft., v. & ix.
1903 (Rowland Turner}.

Type in the British Museum.

This species closely resembles P. arctica, but the face is more
strongly punctate and the metathorax distinctly trans-strigose.
Its author makes no mention of the very distinctive metallic blue
reflection of the abdomen ; it is certainly correctly ascribed to
the restricted genus Pimpla, allied to P. instigator, though more
slender, as I was enabled to note on examining the type

162 ICHNEUMONID^E.

Mr. Eowland Turner tells me that during September 1903 the
females of this species were attracted to the blossoms of a plant
allied to our Meadowsweet (Sjrircea ulmaria) ; his specimens go
to show that the metallic reflection on the abdomen is of variable
extent and in some examples almost wanting. My description
of the rf is drawn from a single specimen from the North Khasi
Hills, in the British Museum.

107. Pimpla cyanea, sp. n.

$ . A slender, brightly metallic blue species, with entirely black
hind legs. Head immaculate black, with the vertex somewhat
narrow and concave between the pale ocelli ; frons strongly ex-
cavate, shining, subglabrons and obsoletely punctate, with the
longitudinal sulcus obsolete ; eyes distinctly emarginate next the
glabrous scrobes; face coarsely and uniformly punctate, with
sparse and elongate white pilosity and the epistoma very narrowly
glabrous; clypeus deplanate, nitidulous and only centrally dis-
crete, distinctly impressed before the elevated and subconcave
apex; mandibles with the teeth subequal in length. Antennce
very slender, entirely black and nearly as long as the body.
Thorax black, with a slight cyaneous reflection and a small
flavous callosity immediately before the tegulae; mesouotum with
the notauli extremely obsolete and the recumbent pubescence
griseous ; metathorax trans-strigose throughout, with only the
undefined petiolar area smoother ; lateral costae strongly elevated
above the elongate spiracles ; mesopleurae nitidulous and distinctly
punctate. Scutellum elevated, very shining, with erect pilosity
and sparse punctures. Abdomen not broader than the tliorax and
broadest behind the centre, nitidulous metallic blue, with the
central segments very finely trans-aciculate, the two basal ones
with sparse and very distinct punctures ; basal segment hardly as
long again as apically broad and distinctly margined in the angles ;
anus glabrous, with the extreme apex brown ; terebra somewhat
stout, hardly longer than half the abdomen, with the spicula dark
red and the pilose valvulae black. Legs of normal length and not
stout, black, with the anterior tibiae (at least internally), the front
tarsi and the inner side of their femora, testaceous ; hind tarsi
with the fourth joint half the length of the third, the apical as
long as both, and the claws large, though not basally lobed. Wings
ample and siliceous, with the tegulae, nervures and stigma black,
radix and extreme base of stigma testaceous ; areolet somewhat
small and hardly petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure from
its apical third ; inner cubital centrally sinuate, with no nervelet ;
radial not sinuate above the areolet; nervellus emitted from the
upper third of the strongly postfurcal recurrent uervure.

Length 12 millim.

SIKKIM, 4000 ft., iv. 1894 (Col. C. T. Bingham).

Type in the British Museum.

PIMPLA. 163

The remarkable metallic coloration of this beautiful species
exceeds that of the most pronounced forms of P. indra, from
which the colour of the femora will instantly distinguish it.
I know no other metallic Indian species in the genus.

108. Pimpla turionellae, L.

Ichneumon turionella, L., Faun. Suec. 1761, p. 404.

Cryptm turionella, F., Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 87.

Pimpla turionellte, Gravenhorst, Ickn. Eur. iii, p. 192 ; Thomsonr
Opusc. Ent. viii, p. 747 ; Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. p. 367 ; Ratze-
burg, Ichn. Forst. i, p. 883 ; Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1860,
n. 10, p. -21 ; Taschenberg, Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1863, p. 53 ;
cf. Vollenhoven, Pinac. pi. ix, fig. 7 ( <$ $ ).

Var. P. striyipleuris, Thomson, L c. ; id., op. cit. xiii, p. 1408 ; id.r
op. cit. xix, p. 2125 (<3 $).

Var. P. flavicoxis, Thomson, op. cit. Tiii, p. 747 ; id., op. cit. xiii,
p.l408(c?$).

Var. Ichneumon graminella, Schrank, Fauna Boica, II, ii, p. 301,

$ (?)•

Cryptus examinator, F., op. cit. p. 85 ( $ ).
Pimpla examinator, Gravenhorst, op. cit. p. 207 ; et auctt.
Var. P. bilineata, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, p. 98 ($);

Lucas, Exp. Alg. iii, p. 323 ; Tosquinet, Ichn. Afr. p. 284 ( $ ).
? Var. P. chelonice, Giraud, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1869, p. 149

<$ 2 . A somewhat smooth, black species, with the legs partly
red and white and the coxae black. Head immaculate, rounded
behind the broadly and very slightly emarginate eyes ; face convex
and strongly punctate throughout; clypeus centrally depressed
and apically margined ; frons trans-aciculate ; palpi piceous, with
the three apical joints of the rf stramineous. Antenna; slender
and nearly as long as the body ; black throughout or apically
ferruginous beneath ; scape immaculate. Thorax of $ , and
sometimes of the tf , with a more or less obsolete flavidous line
before the radix ; mesonotum evenly punctate and shining, with
the notauli almost wanting ; metathorax transversely aciculate-
punctate, with no areae ; petiolar region glabrous and nitidulous,
spiracles ovate and longer than broad ; of cT with griseous pilosity.
Scutellum immaculate, subconvex, finely punctate throughout with
griseous pilosity. Abdomen closely and evenly punctate and some-
what dull ; of J subcyliudrical, longer and a little narrower than
the head and thorax ; of the 2 oblong-ovate, nearly double the
length of and as broad as the thorax ; first segment basally scrobi-
culate and bicarinate ; segments Avith all the apical margins niti-
dulous though hardly elevated and not laterally tuberculate, often
apically castaneous ; terebra setigerous, about half the length of
the abdomen. Z^sred or fulvous, with the coxae and trochanters
red or (in var. examinator) black ; anterior tibiae more or less
pale-banded before their base ; hind legs somewhat elongate, dull

M2

164 ICHXEUMONID^E.

black, with the femora (except their extreme apices) red, and a
conspicuous more or less white or rufescent band before the base
of the tibiae ; Mud claws nigrescent, much longer than the pulvilli
and apically curved, of the $ not basally lobate. Wings some-
what infumate and ample ; stigma and radius black or piceous,
with the base and apex of the former pale ; radix and often the
tegulae of the <$ stramineous, of $ ferruginous and generally
white anteriorly ; areolet sessile or subsessile ; nervellus emitted
from the upper fourth of the strongly postfurcal first recurrent
.uervure of the lower wing.

Length 4-10 millim.

PUNJAB: Simla, ix. 1898 (Col. JVurse)- ASSAM: Shillong,
Khasi Hills, 6000 ft., iv. & v. 1903 (Rowland Turner) ; BUBMA :
Pashok, 4500 ft., iv.1900 (Col. C. T. Bingham) ; TEKASSEEIM
<(Doherty, Ind. Mus.).

I have elsewhere (Ichneumonologia Britannica, iii, p. 101)
• expressed considerable doubt respecting the specific value of
'P. examinator ; and I am now persuaded that it is synonymous
•with the present species. This is of some importance here, since
the Indian form of this species, with the coxae black, which has
not hitherto been recorded outside the Palaearctic Kegion, is
referable to the former name. I can trace no difference between
the Oriental specimens and those found by myself abundantly in
Europe, where it is to be met with in woods and shady places
<luring the months of May and June, flying about bushes of oak,
Jiazel and birch, except that the c? (P- litigiosa, Cam. MS.) has the
•whole of the anterior legs flavous ; the characteristic curve above
the nervellus is distinct. It has been bred in England, Germany
-and Austria from a very large variety of Lepidopterous hosts —
•between forty and fifty species ; as well as, it is said, from the
Coleopterous Anthonomus pomorum (cf. Elliott, Trans. Eut. Soc.
1907, p. 52) and the Hymenopterous Tenihredo instabilis. It is
;also rarely found upon umbelliferous flowers in September ; and
ranges throughout Europe, extending at least into Northern
Africa. I have seen only two pairs from India.

109. Pimpla himalayensis, Cam.

Pimpla himalayensis, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 178 (c?).

<f . A black species, with the legs flavous and the hind tibiae
black at both extremities. Head glabrous and nitidulous ; frons
roundly and broadly prominent in the centre, coarsely and sparsely
punctate above, where the pubescence is shorter than beloxv ;
clypeus obsoletely punctate basally ; mandibles nitidulous and
black ; palpi stramineous. Thorax with infuscate discal pilosity,
longer and paler on the metathorax ; latter strongly punctate,
-except centrally at the smooth base, becoming apically sub-
reticulate; areola apically obsolete and twice as long as broad

PIMPLA. 165

with its sides straightly and stoutly carinate ; propleurse smooth
and strongly nitidulous, deeply excavate below, with the apex
punctate above and the sides crenulate throughout ; mesopleurac
also shining and smooth, with the furrow near the base curved,
moderately wide and deep, and not reaching the tubercles, sub-
triangularly punctate at the tegulae, apically depressed below and
bordered by a narrow crenulated furrow ; metapleurae strongly
punctate above the lateral carinje and basally rugose, more weald vr
below it. Scutellum and *postscutellum glabrous and impunctate,.
with infuscate pilosity. Abdomen immaculate ; petiole rugosely
punctate throughout, basally impressed, laterally strongly carinate
to beyond the centre and strongly, with the following segments
closely, punctate, becoming gradually weaker towards the anus ;
venter black, with the basal segment plicate to shortly beyond its
centre, apically smooth, laterally impressed and aciculate above,
with the lower part finely sti-igose and its outer edge longitudinally
striated. Leys with all the coxse and femora fulvescent ; anterior
tibiae and tarsi flavous ; hind tibiae black, with the centre broadly
white and the tarsi nigrescent. Wings hyaline, with the stigma
and nervures black ; areolet laterally coalesced above, emitting the-
recurrent nervure at its apical third.

Length 12 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

110. Pimpla apollyon, sp. n.

2 ' A large black species, with the anterior femora and tibiae-
red. Head transverse, somewhat short and strongly narrowed
behind the eyes ; frons concave and subexcavate, not transversely
aciculate and with no longitudinal sulcus ; clypeus basally elevated,,
strongly depressed towards the glabrous and subtruucate apex :
eyes oblong-ovate and slightly emarginate next the scrobes ; face
strongly and evenly punctate, with elongate griseous pilosity,
centrally hai'dly but laterally distinctly convex, with the epistoma
obsoletely glabrous ; mandibles stout and basally coarsely punc-
tate, margined below ; palpi with the three apical joints fulvous.
Antenna) (broken) slender and filiform, with the basal flagellar
joints apically subnodulose and the first nearly half as long again
as the second ; fiagellum not ferruginous beneath, scape finely
punctate. Thorax stout, gibbous, immaculate ; meson olurn and
mesosternum evenly punctate and a little nitidulous, with obsolete
notauli ; mesopleurae strongly punctate and posteriorly sub-
strigose ; metathorax subdeplanate and very strongly trans-
aciculate throughout, with only the undefined petiolar area
smoother ; all the areas wanting, lateral carinae effaced by trans-
striatiou, spiracles elongate-oblong. Scutellum subelevated and
black, not shining, with scanty pilosity. Abdomen black, oblong-
ovate, longer and hardly narrower than the head and thorax ;

] 60 ICIINETJMONIDJE.

first segment not carinate, basally excavate, with its centre
strongly elevated and approximately bituberculate ; the four basal
segments scabriculously punctate, distinctly transversely im-
pressed before their uitidulous apices and obliquely in their basal
angles ; the remainder smooth and not impressed ; terebra hardly
half the length of the abdomen, with the valvulae shortly pilose.
Legs somewhat stout and subelongate ; red, with the coxa? and
trochanters, the hind femora entirely and the apex and the base
(narrowly) of their tibiae, black; hind tarsi entirely nigrescent,
with the claws stout, curved, distinctly a little longer than the
pulvilli and neither pectinate nor basally lobate. Wwys normal
and distinctly f ulvescent ; stigma and radix fulvous, with the
former almost paler basally ; tegulae red-spotted ; areolet sub-
sessile, somewhat transverse ; the internal cubital nervure sinuate,
with no nervelet; nervellus strongly postfurcal arid intercepted
far above the centre.

Length 17 millim.

MADRAS : Coonoor, Nilgiri Hills.

Type in the British Museum.

This female has the exact facies of P. instigator, but the frons
is not transversely aciculate and has no central impressed line ;
the face, which is more elevated laterally than centrally, is not
black-pilose ; the metathorax is strongly sirigose throughout, even
to the lateral carinse, which are obsolete ; the scutelluin is more
convex and less shining ; the basal segment is much more strongly
elevated, with the tubercles much closer to each other, and the
apices of the following segments are more distinctly transversely
impressed ; it is, however, most readily separated by the distinct
coloration of the hind legs, of which the tibiae are very much
longer in proportion. I have seen but a single specimen.

111. Pimpla latifoveata, Cam.

Pimpla latifoveata, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 181 (c?)-

d . A black species, with the head anteriorly and the legs
flavous, the scutelluin brunneous and the abdomen red-marked.
Head with the face and clypeus flavous, the former with large
sparse punctation and short infuscate pilosity ; frons and vertex
glabrous and nitidulous, the former subconcave ; mandibles (except
basally) and the palpi flavous. Antenna black, with the flagellum
sub-brunneous apically beneath, with obsolete pubescence ; scape
flavous beneath, with a narrow black lateral line and sparse
white pilosity. Thorax glabrous and nitidulous, black, with the
metathorax, except at the smooth base and its apex, shallowly
and isolatedly punctate ; areola laterally and subdivergently
carinate; pleurae shining and impunctate below, metapleurae
sparsely punctate above the lateral costae. Scutelluin apically, and
the postscutellum, brunneous. Abdomen black, with the venter

PIMPLA. 167

white ; second and third segments narrowly red at the base,
uniting obliquely down the sides with a broad red apical band ;
third or (?) fourth similarly coloured, with the apex darker,
fourth rufeseent at base alone ; first segment with the petiole
smooth basally and triangularly impressed, with the impression
extending apically in the form of a deep and broad canaliculation,
remainder deeply and distinctly punctate ; apices of the three
following segments glabrous. Legs stramineous throughout, with
only the hind coxae slightly, and their femora distinctly, fulvous.
Winys hyaline, with the nervures nigrescent and the stigma

Fi#. 36.— Pimpla latifoveata, Cam.

inf uscate ; areolet elongate, thrice as long as high, laterally
coalesced above, with the recurrent nervure pellucid ; tegulae
flavous.

Length 9 mil Km.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (RotJmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

" This species, in the coloration of the legs, agrees with P. hima-
layensis, with which it also agrees in having two longitudinal
keels on the base of the median segment ; but it differs from it in
the puncturation on the median segment being very much less
strong and the punctures fewer in number ; the puncturation on
the abdomen is also weaker, and it differs in the form of the
petiole, in which the apical furrow, so distinctly defined in the
present species, is represented in P. Jiimalayensis by a mere shallow
depression ; lastly, they are easily separated by the form of the
areolet, and by P. liimalayensis having the hinder tibiae black and
white, and the hinder tibiae [sic\ fuscous " (Cameron, loc. cit.).
To me it appears much more closely allied in the red-marked
abdomen and elongate basal fovea to my Pimpla ampla • but the
entirely pale legs and venter and the broad areolet at once render
this species distinct.

168

ICHXEUMOSID^.

112. Pimpla laetiventris, Cam.

Pimpla lativentris, Cameron, Manch. Mem.

), p. 183($).

$ . A black species, with the legs red, their base and the abdomen
laterally flavous. Head nitidulous, with the frons and vertex
glabrous ; ocelli laterally canaliculate ; face densely pale-pilose ;

clypeus basally dull brun-
neous, deplanate throughout
and covered with elongate in-
fuscate pilosity ; palpi strami-
neous, mandibles immaculate.
Antennae black. Thorax niti-
dulous, with short black pubes-
cence; pronotum with a narrow
flavous line on its apical half ;
pro- and meso-pleurae glabrous
and nitidulous, the latter cen-
trally sparsely and the meso-
sternum densely pilose; meta-
thorax strongly and uniformly
punctate, with its apex and
the areola giabrous and densely
pilose ; metapleurae closely
punctate above the curved
lateral costae and glabrous
below them. Scutellum de-
planate, aciculate, sparsely punctate, with a central basal t'oveola ;
postscutellum glabrous and nitidulous. Abdomen black, closely
and strongly punctate throughout ; third and fourth segments
narrowly and obscurely, the fifth and sixth more broadly and
clearly, laterally flavous ; the sixth and seventh apically con-
colorous ; terebra as long as thorax and abdomen. Leys red, with
the coxae and trochanters flavous, and the anterior femora also
paler ; hind tibiae and tarsi subflavescent. Wings hyaline, with
the costa, stigma and nervures testaceous ; areolet broad and sub-
oblique, laterally coalescent above and emitting the recurrent
nervure from its apical fourth.
Length 10 millim.
ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Roihney).
Type in the Oxford Museum.

This species is said by Cameron to be allied to bis P. latifoveata,
from which it differs in its more closely punctate metathorax,
larger areolet, flavous pronotal fascia, and by the more strongly
deplanate and punctate scutell urn, though the structure of the last
is not described under the latter species.

Fig. 37. — Pimpla Icpiiventris, Cam.

ITOPLECT1S. 169

Genus ITOPLECTIS, Forst.
Itoplectis, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 164.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon maculator, V.

This genus is so closely allied to Pimpla (s. s.) that it has for
long had a precarious existence and no detailed description is
requisite. Therefrom it may at once be known by the distinctly
attenuate anteuna3, elongate and recumbent thoracic pubescence,
and usually tricoloured hind tibiae. The clypeus is not apically
emarginate; nervellus intercepting always above the centre ; the
metathoracic spiracles always small and usually circular ; notauli
obsolete ; frontal orbits immaculate ; tarsal claws basallv not
lobate ; cheeks very shorty

Range. Holarctic region.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Anterior coxae and trochanters mainly

or entirely black.

2 (3) Frons closely punctate ; hind tibiae tri-

coloured alternans, Grav., p. 109.

•3 (2) Frons not punctate ; hind tibiae bi-

colourecl orientalis, sp. n., p. 171.

4 (1) Anterior coxae and trochanters entirely

stramineous sikkimensis, Cam., p. 172.

113. Itoplectis alternans, Grav.

Pimpla alternans, Gravenhorst, Ichu. Etir. iii, p. 201 ; Ratzeburg,
Ichn. Forst. ii, p. 92 ; Taschenberg, Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1863, p. 06;
Schmiedeknecht, Zool. Jahr. 1888, p. 491 (c?$); cf. Vollen-
hoven, Piuac. pi. ix, tig. 8 et Kriechbaumer, Ent. Nachr. 1887,
p. 116.

P. tricincta, Thomson, Op. Ent. viii, p. 748 et xiii, p. 1408 (d 2 )•

c? § . A dull black species, with short, obsolete thoracic pilosity
and usually tricoloured tibiae. Head immaculate, short, transverse
and a little narrowed behind the eyes ; face distinctly pilose and
closely punctate, especially in the centre ; frons deplanate, closely
punctate and not centrally canaliculate ; vertex narrow and later-
ally pubescent; palpi white or stramineous. Antennce not quite
filiform, slightly incrassate towards the apices, nearly as long as
the body, ferruginous or testaceous with the joints apically darker,
beneath paler with the disc-ally black scape flavous. Thorax
gibbulous and black, with a pale callosity before the radix ; meso-
notum closely and confluently punctate, with short, somewhat
sparse and subsetigerous pilosity, and very obsolete uotauli ; the
pleurae strongly nitidulous between the fine punctures ; metathorax
centrally glabrous throughout, with the areola basally subcostate
and parallel-sided, apically widened and convergent with the
petiolar area ; spiracles small and circular (except in my var.
spiracularis). Scutellum black, subdeplanate, obsoletely punctate

170 ICHNEUMONIDvE.

thoughout with griseous pilosity. Abdomen evenly and somewhat
strongly punctate ; of rf hardly deplanate, double the length of
the head and thorax, hardly narrower than the latter and cylin-
drical, with the incisures subtestaceous ; of $ deplanate, fully
as lone: as head and thorax and subcylindrical ; apices of the seg-
ments elevated, shining ; basal segment laterally margined, with
its base excavate and carinate to the centre ; terebra half the
length of the abdomen. Leys somewhat stout; the anterior pairs
with the coxae and trochanters black and usually flavous be-
neath, tibia? and tarsi flavidous, with a paler band before the base
of the former; posterior tarsi white, with the apices of the joints
nigrescent ; hind coxae and trochanters black or badious, usually
with the apices of the latter flavous, their femora always fulvous ;
tibiae black, with a white band before the base and nearly always a
red band before the apex ; hind tarsi with the apical joint thrice
as long as the penultimate and the claws simple, not basally
lobate. Wings normal and usually slightly clouded ; stigma

Fig. 38. — lioplectis alternans, Grav.

piceous with the base paler, radix and tegulaa piceous or strami-
neous ; areolet irregular, subsessile ; nervellus intercepting far
above the centre.

Length 5-10 millim.

KASHMIR, 5000-6000 ft,, v. 1901 (Col. Nurse}. PUNJAB :
Simla, ix. 1898 and vii. 1901 (Nurse, E. P. Stebbing}.

This species has a known distribution throughout nearly the
whole of Europe, but Dalla Torre gives no eastern localities for
it ; it is very abundant in Britain, where two distinct forms occur
with equal frequency; the typical has the metathoracic spiracles
circular and the other (var. spiracularis, Mori., Ichn. Brit, iii,
p. 106) has them distinctly oval. It is to the latter form that the
Indian insect is referable ; and it also differs from the more com-
mon European one in having no rufescent coloration on the hind
tibiae, though I have seen similar specimens from Yorkshire.

Dr. Chapman has given some interesting notes on the economy

ITOPLECTIS. 171

of this species (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1902, p. 728) ; and a full
list of its hosts will be found in my Ichneumons of Britain (iii,
p. 106), which goes to show that its parasitism is distributed
among the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, an-d phytophagous Hyrneno-
ptera, though in the case of Chapman's Spanish individuals it
appears to have been hyperparasitic through an Ophionid Ich-
neumon upon one of the ZYGJENIDJE. A small female in the
British Musuem was bred at Simla, on 7th July 1901, by Stebbiug
from Eucosma stebbingi, Wlsm.

114. Itoplectis orientalis, nom. nov.

Pimpla viclua, Cainerou (ncc Walsh), Manch. Mem. 1809, p. 180

W).

c? . A black species with dense white pubescence, the legs
mainly red and the hind tibiae white-banded. " Face and clypeus
thickly covered with long, white hair; the front and vertex
shining, impunctate, almost glabrous ; the maxillary palpi are
white ; the labial fuscous. Antennas black, the flagelluni covered
with a white down ; the scape closely punctured, covered with
longish, pale hairs. Mesonotum shining, obscurely punctured, as
is also the scutellum ; but the sides below the latter are strongly
punctured ; median segment [metathorax] coarsely, rugosely
punctured, except the base and the apex in the middle ; thickly
covered with longisb, fuscous hair ; the lower part of the pro-
pleurae behind strongly longitudinally striated ; the mesopleurae
obscurely punctured, covered with longish, soft, white hair ; the
metapleursB coarsely punctured, more closely and coarsely on the
lower part. Abdomen entirely black ; closely and coarsely punc-
tured ; the posterior segments with the puncturing weaker, and
densely covered with long, white pubescence. All the coxae are
black, and thickly covered with white hair ; the trochanters are
black at the base ; the hinder tibiae and tarsi black, thickly covered
with white hair ; near the base of the tibiae is a white band, which
extends to shortly beyond the middle ; the calcaria are white ; all
the femora, with the anterior tibiae and tarsi, red. Wings hyaline,
with the stigma and nervures black ; areolet laterally subcoal-
escent above ; the recurrent nervure is received near the apical
third of the cellule.

" Length 8 mm."

ASSAM : Khast Hills (Roihney}.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

The oft-repeated \vhite pubescence reminds one of the genus
Stilbops, but nothing is said of the metathoracic costae, broad
stigma or apically acuminate face, and one must consequently
assume it to appertain to the subgenus Itoplectis, though the
conformation of the spiracles and claws is not indicated.

172 1CHNEUMONLDJE.

1 15. Itoplectis sikkimensis, Cam.

Pimpla sikkimensis, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1908, p. 41 (? ).

5 . Black, smooth and shining. Head with the palpi strami-
neous. Thorax : metanotum to the lateral carinae densely white-
pilose and strongly, though not very closely, punctate. Scutellum
somewhat sparsely and feebly punctate. Abdomen closely and
strongly punctate, more obsoletely towards its apex ; terebra as
long as the body, with its valvulae densely clothed with black, sub-
elongate pilosity. Legs : anterior pairs pale fulvous, with the
coxae and trochanters stramineous ; intermediate tarsi infuscate ;
hind legs red, with their coxae flavous above, their tibiae whitish
above and, like the whole of their tarsi, black beneath. Wings
hyaline, with the stigma and nervures black; tegulae stramineous;
areolet broad above, emitting the recurrent nervure nearly at the
base of its apical fourth ; the transverse median received shortly
behind the transverse basal.

Length 9 millim.

SlKKlM (Binyham).

Cameron says (1. c.) that this female " comes near P. vidua,
Cam., which has, inter «?/«, the coxae and the base of: the tro-
chanters black."

Genus EPIURUS, Fdrst.
Ejriurus, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 164.

GENOTYPE, Pimpla Irevicornis, Grav.

Like the last, this genus is too closely allied to Pimpla (s. #.)
to need any detailed description. It will at once be recognised by
the distinctly emarginate apex of the clypeus ; the invariably
circular metathoracic spiracles ; coarsely and distinctly punctate,
and usually nitidulous, abdomen ; elongately pilose terebra, which
rarely exceeds the strongly tuberculate abdomen in length ; the
obsolete metauotal areae ; black cheeks ; entire front femora of
the <$ and the elongate thorax.

The parasitic larvae are gregarious and spin their dark brown,,
papyraceous cocoons upon one another within that of the host,
which is usually, though not always, Lepidopterous and often
a Bombycicl. One species has been found by Dr. Giraud abundantly
in galls upon Triticum repent and is supposed to be beneficial, by
preying upon the small Dipteron, which makes the galls ; but he
hints that, for at least some part of its existence, the presumably
parasitic larva subsists upon the purely vegetable tissues of the
gall itself (c,f. Mori., Ichn. Brit, iii, p. 88). Somewhat analogous
observations have been made by Cameron in the case of Epiurus
ijallicola, Mori., which was found in the galls of the Tenthredinid,
Nematus viminalis, Htg., and was observed to increase appreciably
in size and bulk for a considerable period after finally consuming the
host larva ; presumably this could only be effected by means of the

EPIUBUS. 173

gall-tissues, which in one case seemed to be preferred to those of
the Sawfly, since both host and parasite were found living side by
side in the same gall (cf. lib. cit. iii, p. 78). These two instances
of possible phytophagous diet are very nearly unique among
ICH2rEUM<mDj£, for Westwood has shown the observations in this
direction by the older authors to have been fallacious (Introd. ii,
p. 144).

Range. The Palaearctic region is very rich in species of this
genus, which is hardly scarcer in Northern America ; but we
know only four at present from India, though it is quite possible
that this paucity is to some extent accounted for by the incon-
spicuous coloration and comparatively small size of these insects.

Table of Species.

1 (6) Frons evenly punctate throughout.

2 (5) Nervellus intercepted distinctly above the

centre.

3 (4) Facial punctures obsolete ; radical callosi-

ties pale satanas, sp. n.; p. 173.

4 (3) Facial punctures large ; radical callosities

immaculate nursei, Cam., p. 174.

o (2) Nervellus intercepted at its centre lineipes, sp. n., p. 175.

<3 (1) Frons strongly trans-strigose centrally (as

in Pimpla) erebus, Cam., p. 176.

116. Epiurus satanas, sp. n.

6 $ • A black species, with the legs, except the hind tibise and
tarsi, red. Head narrower than the thorax, with the frons and
vertex nitidulous and obsoletely punctate ; ocellar region elevated
and anteriorly circumsulcate ; face
nearly smooth, with elongate brown
pilosity, and centrally elevated ;
clypeus strongly transverse, basally
discrete throughout, with the apex
depressed ; cheeks wanting ; palpi
stramineous. Antennae longer than
half the body, subfiliform and
slightly attenuate at both extremi-
ties; scape and base of flagellum
testaceous in $ , stramineous in <$ ,
beneath. Thorax subelongate and
not broad, black, with a callus and
a short line above it immediately
before the tegulae stramineous ;
Fig. 39. — Epiurus satanas, Mori. notauli distinct but short ; mesono-
tum nitidulous, with sparse recum-
bent pubescence ; metanotum convex, evenly rounded, coarsely and
irregularly punctate with elongate pilosity ; areola laterally dis-
tinct and parallel-sided, extending to the centre, coalescent with
'the basal area and apically incomplete; lateral caring entire,

174 ICHXEUMOXIDJE.

though weak ; metapleurae very much more strongly punctate
than the mesopleurae ; spiracles small and subcircular. Scutellum
hardly convex, finely punctate throughout and immaculate.
Abdomen elongate-ovate and narrower in <$ , closely and distinctly
punctate, with the apices of the first six segments roundly
elevated, and the third to sixth laterally subtuberculate ; basal
segment subquadrate, punctate throughout, with somewhat strong
cariuae a little converging at the apex ; venter testaceous and
strongly plicate on its basal half ; terebra shorter than half the
abdomen (3 milliin.), with the pilose valvulae black and the spicula
stramineous, apieally acuminate and red. Legs fulvous, with the
anterior pairs paler ; hind tibiae stramineous, with their apices
broadly, and a dot before the base above, black ; hind tarsi except
at extreme base, and apices of their femora obsoletely, nigrescent :
all the claws small, curved and basally strongly lobate. Wim/s
hyaline and not broad ; costa and nervures piceous, stigma dark
ferruginous, radix and tegulae flavescent ; areolet triangular, emit-
ting the recurrent nervure from its apical third ; nervellus straight,
intercepting the slightly postfurcal recurrent nervure distinctly
a little above its centre.

Length 10-12 millira.

ASSAM ( W. F. Badtjley).

Type in the British Museum.

This species is allied to E. graminellce, Holmg., though the
hind coxae are but obsoletely punctate, and to E. robustus, Mori.,
from which the colour of the hind tibiae will distinguish it ; it
appears very distinct from E. erebus in the conformation of the
frons and coloration of the legs. I have drawn the above descrip-
tion from two pairs.

117. Epiurus nursei. Cam.

(?) Pimpla punctate, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xix, p. 2126 ( $ ).
P. nursei, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xvii, 1906,
p. 283 (2).

cJ 2 • A black species with the legs, except anterior coxae, red,
and the terebra longer than the abdomen. Head posteriorly
buccate and as broad as the eyes ; occiput bordered, vertex
glabrous with scattered punctures ; frons evenly and not verv
closely punctate, with the scrobes densely transaoiculate and of
normal size ; face nitidulous, with sparse large punctures and fine
white pubescence ; epistoma convex ; clypeus truncately discrete
basally, rugulose, with the apex emarginate and rufescent ; man-
dibles subparallel-sided, centrally impressed, black, with the apical
teeth small and of equal length ; ligula and apex of palpi rufescent,
cheeks not elongate nor eyes emarginate. Antenna filiform, not
very slender nor longer than half the body, black, with the apices
rufescent and flagellar joints somewhat short. Thorax immaculate
and shining, coarsely and somewhat deeply punctate discally, more

EPIUKUS, 175

sparsely on pleurae and sternum ; mesonotum with short erect
white pilosity and distinctly impressed notauli ; metathorax short
and abruptly declivous, with an apically obsolete triangular or
subquadrate areola, trans-strigose and laterally entire petiolar
area and quite circular spiracles, facing towards base. Sc.utellum
strongly deplanate, sbining black, with short erect pilosity and
sparse but deep punctures. Abdomen immaculate and centrally
somewhat dilated ; all the segments strongly and confluently
punctate, transversely subimpressed in the centre, with their
apices glabrous and elevated ; tubercles transverse and not strong;
basal segment hardly longer than half its apical breadth, with the
following distinctly transverse, especially towards the nitidulous
anus ; venter black, with the three basal segments centrally
plicate ; terebra as long as thorax and abdomen, with the valvulae
somewhat distinctly pilose and the apically incrassate spicula
ferruginous ; 3 valvulae strongly exserted. Legs bright fulvous
throughout, with only the extreme base of the posterior tibiae
Havescent and the anterior coxae black ; d* with hind coxoe also
mainlv nigrescent ; all the tarsal claws piceous and in $ strongly
lobate basally. Wings normal and hyaline ; radix, tegula?, a small
callosity before the latter, the base and apex of the stigma, and
the front margin of the costa, clear stramineous ; inner margin of
costa and most of stigma ferruginous ; areolet broadly triangular,
emitting the recurrent nervure only slightly before apex ; nervelet
of internal cubital pellucid, brunneous and extending far beyond
centre of the cell ; nervellus intercepting the only slightly post-
furcal first recurrent of lower wing at its upper third.

Lenqtli 12 millim.

BALUCHISTAN : Quetta, v. 04 (Nurse) ; KASHMIB, 5000-6000 ft.,
v. 01 (Nurse}.

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Closely related to Pimpla robusta, Mori., but with the terebra
much longer and body stouter; the peculiar coloration of the alar
costa, short basal segment, and elongate nervelet render it very
distinct. P. punctata. Thorns., indigenous to the northern islands
of the Adriatic and Istria, appears to differ very little from
P. nursei ; but I do not know it.

I have been enabled, through the kindness of Col. Nurse, to
draw the above description from the type specimen. Hater found
in his collection the hitherto unknown male, which he took in
Kashmir.

118. Epiurus lineipes, sp. n.

§ . Entirely black, with the legs red and the hind tibia? black-
lined. Head obsoletely punctate and strongly nitidulous, broad
but not buccate behind the entire eyes ; face hardly pubescent, the
epistoma longitudinally elevated ; clypeus very short and deeply
separated ; palpi testaceous. Antcnnce immaculate. Thorax strongly
nitidulous throughout, extremely obsoletely punctate ; mesonotum

176 ICHNEUMOXIDJE.

with somewhat dense griseous pubescence and the notauli distinct
in front ; raetanotum irregularly punctate, centrally smoother
but with no area? ; spiracles circular. Scutellum immaculate and
subdeplanate. Abdomen black, evenly and somewhat strongly
punctate, with the apices of all the segments except the first
uitidulous and trans-strigose, a little elevated and laterally pro-
minent ; basal segment not longer than apically broad, the second
strongly impressed on either side of the centre at the base ; third
and fourth segments distinctly, second and fifth indistinctly, tuber-
culate in the centre on either side ; venter testaceous, with only
the basal segment plicate ; terebra slightly shorter than abdomen,
ferruginous, the valvulae with long pubescence. Legs deep red and
not elongate, with the hind tibiae and tarsi alone blackish and the
upper side of the former stramineous almost throughout ; tarsul
claws small and broadly lobate basally. Whigs ample, slightly
flavescent, with all the nervures except the costa pale ; radix,
teguiae and stigma pale testaceous ; areolet triangular, broader
than high, and emitting the strongly curved second recurrent
uervure from its apical fourth ; hind wings with first recurrent
exactly opposite and emitting nervellus from its centre.

Length 9 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, x. 1906.

Type in the Pusa collection.

In the conformation of its terebra and wings, and in the colour
of the stigma, body, and legs, this species closely approaches Pimpla
ventricosa, Tschek, but the ocelli are not elevated upon a plateau,
the metanotal carin* are entirely wanting, and the abdomen i.s
more uneven, with the segmental apices broadly glabrous and more
prominent.

119. Epiurus erebns, Cam.

Pimpla erebus, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 184 ( $ ).

$> . A black species. Head with the face closely punctate and
densely white-pilose ; epistoma carinate and triangularly foveate
basally ; clypeus semicircularly impressed at the base, apically
smooth, shining and obliquely impressed ; frons strongly and
transversely strigose centrally. Antenna; black. Thorax somewhat
dull, with short and dense recumbent pubescence ; mesonotum
transversely strigose basally ; mesopleurae strongly punctate, with
the apex glabrous above and striate below ; propleura finely
aciculate basally; metathorax finely trans-strigose at the base,
centrally strongly striate, with the apex broadly glabrous. Scu-
tellum elevated, glabrous and nitidulous, with sparse and elongate
white pilosity; postscutellura with large aud deep punctures.
Abdomen immaculate ; basal impression of first segment glabrous
and nitidulous, its sides coarsely and not very distinctly punctate
and the ap«x shallowly punctate ; the second obscurely punctate
and the remainder very finely and closely trans -reticulate; terebra

EPIURUS. — EPHIALTES. 177

4 millim. Legs mainly black; coxa? obsoletely punctate and sparsely
white-pilose. Wings hyaline, with their base subfulvescent; stigma
and nervures black.

Length 13 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Eotlmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

Fig. 40. — Epmrus erebus, Cam.

Cameron differentiates this species from all the other forms
ascribed by him to the genus Pimpla in his 1899 paper, by its
having the " body and legs entirely black ; " but in his diagnosis
we find '•' tibiis tarsisque anticis flavotestaceis," and later ^also
" the middle knees are testaceous."

Genus EPHIALTES, Schr.
Ephialtes, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii, 1802, p. 316.

GEXOTYPE, Ichneumon manifestator, L.

A genus of strongly linear and parallel-sided insects, with the
ovipositor never shorter than the length of the body. Head
shortly transverse, a little buccate and hardly narrowed behind
the oval and scarcely emarginate eyes ; face deplanate, often
pilose and not longer than broad ; clypeus short and transverse,
somewhat arcuately separated, with the apical margin centrally
deflexed and excised, and the sides prominent ; mandibles some-
what broad, only a little broader basally and often striate, with
the apical teeth short and subequal in length. Antennae filiform
and somewhat slender ; scape deeply excised externally ; flagellum
pilose, with the basal joints cylindrical. Thorax convex and sub-
cylindrical ; mesonotum nitidulous, with distinct notauli ; lateral
sulci deeply impressed and the sternauli wanting ; metathorax
scabrous or rugulose, with the pleurae smoother, somewhat higher

H

178 ICHIfEUMOXIDJE.

than long, with the areola obsolete or narrow and sulcit'orm ;
petiolar area smooth, very short and basally incomplete ; spiracles
oval or circular. Scutellum a little convex, subtriangular and not
short. Abdomen sessile and cylindrical, scabrous, at least twice
as long as thorax and generally bearing tubercles or rugosities ;
its segments generally elongate, and always apically elevated and
nitidulous ; basal segment parallel-sided, not shorter than broad,
and centrally canaliculate, with the spiracles before the centre ;
apical ventral segment small and retracted from the anus, that of
$ longitudinally excised ; terebra at least as long as the body,
with the valvulae more or less strongly pubescent and not deflexed ;
d" valvulae shortly exserted and often stout. Legs subelongate,
very rarely dentate ; apical tana] joint twice or thrice as long as
the penultimate ; claws curved, not pectinate, those of $ lobately
dilated at the base. Wings not broad ; areolet irregularly tri-
angular, sessile or petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure from
beyond its centre ; radial cell narrow and elongate.

Range. India, Europe and ISorth America.

Thomson very truly says (Opusc. Ent. viii. 737) that this genus
stands so close to Plmpla that no exact line of demarcation can
be found between them. In general, however, the species may be
known by the parallel-sided and cylindrical abdomen, which is
not coarsely punctate and always has the apices of the segments
broadly nitidulous, elevated and trans-aciculate, the $ has the
sixth to eighth segments transverse and the <$ has the second
strongly elongate ; the flagellum is ahvays entirely black, with
the joints of uniform breadth throughout, though not distinctly
discrete : the eyes are not unusually prominent, the vertex is
broad, the clypeus apically emargiuate or excised, and the terebra
is not deflexed and is thicker than in Pimpla.

In Europe, the males of this genus are, like those of Rhyssit,
much scarcer and always decidedly smaller than the females.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Body flavous with black markings.
'2 (3) Notauli very strongly impressed;

metanotum punctate niyritarsis, Cam., p. 179.

3 (2) Notauli not strongly impressed ; [p. 179.

metanotum glabrous nigromaculatus, Cam.,

4 (1) Body entirely black.

5 (6) Abdomen thrice the length of head

and thorax ; legs very short lachcsis, sp. n,, p. 180.

6 (5) Abdomen twice the length of head

and thorax ; legs of normal length.

7 (10) Radical callosities pale ; hind femora

red.

8 (9) Abdomen strongly tuberculate ; te-

rebra as long as body crassus, sp. n., p. 181.

9 (8) Abdomen hardly tuberculate ; tere-

bra longer than body iridipennis, sp. n., p. 182.

EPHIALTES. 179

10 (7) Mesothorax immaculate.

11 (12) Face strongly and uniformly punc-

tate ; hind femora black tinctipennis, Cam., p. 184.

12 (11) Face finely and, in centre, obsoletely

punctate ; hind femora red.

13 (14) Scape, not pronotuui, pale ; terebra

shorter than body lonyiventris, Cam., p. 185.

14 (13) Pronotum, not scape, pale ; terebra

louder than body . . . latianmdatus, Cam.,

[p. 185.

120. Ephialtes nigritarsis, Gam.

Ephialtes nigritarsis, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 148 (c?).

<5 . A flavous species with black markings, the mesonotal
notauli very deeply impressed and the rnetanotum punctate.
Head smooth, with the face nitidulous and feehly punctate ; frons
broadly, the vertex above, occiput and mandibles, black ; the last
basally, and the palpi, flavous ; epistoma subprominent and
laterally black. Antennae black and nearly as long as the body,
with the scape flavescent beneath and the flagellum basally piceous.
Thorax nitidulous ; central lobe of mesonotum pyriform, elevated
and distinctly separated from the lateral lobes, all three centrally
black ; propleurae glabrous, with their apices and base of mesopleurae
obsoletely punctate, the latter and the sternum broadly black ;
metanotum strongly punctate, with its apex subglabrous and its
base elongately impressed ; metapleuroe somewhat strongly punc-
tate, more finely basally above, with the basal impression black.
iScutellum and postscutellum glabrous. Abdomen smooth, with the
second and third segments distinctly impressed transversely,
strongly punctate centrally and laterally rugose ; the first broadly
impressed centrally, and the two following transversely impressed
beyond the centre and obliquely on either side ; all the segments
centrally black, with the third broadly black only at the base, and
the colour most extensive on the fifth and sixth segments. Legs
flavous, with dense and elongate white pilosity ; hind tarsi, the
apices of their tibiae and of their coxse, black ; calcaria stramineous.
Wings hyaline and basally subfulvescent ; costa and stigma infus-
cate, and internally paler ; areolet transverse, receiving the re-
current nervure at its apical fourth, and having its external
nervure curved.

Length 16 millim.

AsSAii : Khasi Hills (Hotlmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

121. Ephialtes nigromaculatus, Cam.

Ephialtes nigromaculaius, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 150(5)-

5 . A flavous species with black markings, and the metanotum
entirely glabrous. Head flavous, with the vertex broadly in the

180

centre, and occiput more broadly above, black ; face obsoletely
punctate, with elongate pale pilosity and a small black central
spot ; clypeus subglabrous and basally sulcate transversely ; man-
dibles apically broadly black ; palpi stramineous. Antennas nigres-
cent ; scape closely punctate and black, with elongate pale
pilosity and its apex flavous ; flagellum basally piceous, with dense
and obsolete pubescence. Thorax flavous; mesonotum glabrous
and nitidulous, with a large black mark on each of the deplanate
and but indistinctly discrete lobes ; pro- and meso-pleura? black-
marked ; metathorax entirely glabrous and impunctate, with its
apex black-marked and no distinct basal impression ; metapleurac
entirely glabrous below, closely and strongly punctate above.
Scutelltim apically, and the postscutellum, black. Abdomen stronglv
punctate, with the anus smoother and the basal fovea glabrous ;
lirst segment black-lined throughout ; second to seventh centrally

Fig. 41. — Ephialtes nigromaculatus, Cam.

black-lined, with the second to fifth bearing also smaller lateral
black marks; terebra as long as the body, with the valvulra black
and densely infuscate-pilose. Legs nitidulous, stout and densely
white-pilose, with the apices of the posterior trochanters and the
base of the hind tibiae black ; hind tarsi nigrescent. Winys clear
hyaline with the nervures and stiguia deep black ; areolet oblique,
and triangular above, emitting the recurrent nervure from its
apical third.

Length 13-14 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

122. Ephialtes lachesis, sp. n.

c? $ . A dull and linear species, with the abdomen three times
as long as the head and thorax ; black, with the ligula, palpir

El'HIALTES. 181

underside of scape, the tegulae aud the very short legs, flavescent.
Jfead hardly transverse and somewhat broadly rounded behind the
internally slightly emarginate eyes ; occiput broadly ernarginate
and not bordered ; vertex strongly nitidulous, somewhat broad,
obsoletely and very sparsely punctate ; scrobes distinct ; face
evenly protuberant throughout, shining and distinctly punctate,
with sparse grey pilosity : mandibles and the concave clypeus
piceous. Antennas filiform and somewhat shorter than half the
body; of rf rufo-ferruginous throughout, of $ black or nigrescent,
with the three or four apical joints entirely rufescent and, in
both sexes, the scape tlavous beneath. Thorax immaculate, dis-
cally deplanate and cylindrical, with the mesonotum obsoletely
punctate and nitidulous, and the metanotum strongly punctate
and closely white-pilose ; area? of metathorax entirely wanting,
its apex glabrous, with deeply impressed lateral fovea3 ; lateral
carinse distinct and the spiracles subcircular. Sciitdlum deplanate,
immaculate aud somewhat strongly but not closely punctate.
Abdomen strongly elongate, linear, exactly thrice the length of
the head and thorax, all the segments dull and closely punctate
and pilose, with their apices laterally constricted and apically
nitidulous ; basal segment double the length of its apical breadth,
gradually a little dilated throughout and, in $ , a little longer
than the short and subquadrate sixth ; venter ochraceous and
indefinitely plicate ; terebra very slightly longer (18 millim.) than
the abdomen (16 millim.), with the valvulae slender, black and
pilose. Legs peculiarly short and somewhat stout ; the anterior
testaceous, with the coxae and trochanters paler; the hind ones
fulvous, with apices of tibiae and the claws infuscate; the latter
basally lobate in the $ . Winys narrow and hyaline, with the
stigma blackish ; areolet sessile and broadly triangular ; basal
nervure continuous through the median ; nervellus distinctly a
little postfurcal and intercepted above its centre.

Length, 3 17, $ 20 millim.

BURMA : Bhamo, vii. 86, aud Karen Hills, 3000-3700 ft,
(L. Fea).

Types in the Genoa Museum.

The strongly elongate abdomen and short legs are distinctive of
this species.

The foregoing description is drawn from a single pair.

123. Ephialtes crassus, sp. n.

5 . A black species, with pale stigma and very distinct tubercles.
Head black, with the palpi testaceous and the clypeus immaculate;
vertex broad and strongly nitidulous. with a few fine and scattered
punctures ; occiput broad, bordered and hardly emarginate ; face
nitidulous and convex, with strong and close punctures ; clypeus
semicircularly impressed centrally, and not produced on either
side ; mandibles stout. Antenna filiform and obsoletely pilose

182

throughout. TJtora.v with a linear flavescent mark before the
radices ; notauli not reaching tlie centre of the nitidulous meso-
notum ; mesopleurae somewhat closely and finely punctate, with
the lateral sulci large and their region entirely glabrous, sternauli
wanting; metathorax scabrous, with the pleurae finely punctate
and smoother, its disc indistinctly bicarinate basally ; spiracles
subcircular. Sciitelluin black, subcouvex, shining and not closely
punctate. Abdomen immaculate, cylindrical, fully as broad as the
thorax, and twice the length of the head and thorax ; basal seg-
ment not strongly elevated, longitudinally bicarinate to its centre
only ; second obliquely impressed to its centre ; the intermediate
segments not longer than broad, laterally strongly tuberculate,
with their apices hardly smoother ; terebra hardly longer than the
body, with the valvulae pilose and somewhat stout. Legs normal
and red, with the posterior tibiae and tarsi blackish ; apical joint
of the hind tarsi thrice as long as the penultimate, and all the
slender claws basally lobate. Wings siliceous ; stigma ferru-
ginous, radix and tegulae ochraceous ; areolet sessile and sub-irre-
gularly triangular; lower wings with the basal abscissa of the
radius nearly half as long again as the second recurrent nervure ;
nervellus slightly postfurcal and intercepted distinctly above the
centre.

Length 12 millim.

PUXJAB : Simla, iv. 97 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

I have seen a single 5 of this species in Col. Xurse's collection,
which had been identified by Cameron as a small form of E. m-
dipennis, from which, however, it very materially differs in the
very much stouter and more strongly tuberculate abdomen ; and,
in fact, it is very nearly allied indeed to Thomson's E. heteropus, but
the abdomen is more closely punctate, with more acute tubercle-^
the basal segment is much stouter and subparallel-sided, the hind
legs are apically black and the radial abscissa of the hind wings is
distinctly a little shorter.

124. Ephialtes iridipennis, sp. u.

EpJtidUes iridipennis, Cam. MS. ($).

J ? . A large linear black species, with dark stigma and obsolete
tubercles. Head immaculate, posteriorly buccate, but hardly
broader than the eyes ; vertex uitidulous and obsoletely punctate,
somewhat broad behind the ocelli and with the occiput centrally
emarginate ; face nitidulous and slightly elevated longitudinally in
the centre, with small sparse punctures and griseous pilosity;
clypeus rufescent, not broad, centrally depressed and punctate,
not laterally produced, but triangularly impressed before the apex ;
mandibles broad, obsoletely punctate, basally rufescent and cen-
•"rally canaliculate towards the apex ; palpi testaceous. Antennas
obsoletely pilose and entirely black ; scape excised nearly to its

EPHIALTES. 183

base; flagellum filiform throughout, extending to centre of abdo-
men. Thorax with a small pale callosity before radix and a red
spot at base of mesopleurae ; mesonotum strongly nitidulous, with
short black pilosity, longitudinally coalesced punctures, and the
notauli reaching the centre ; mesopleurae and their sternum
nitidulous and finely though distinctly punctate, sternauli wanting;
metathorax with no areas, finely punctate and shining, with the
pleurae rougher and somewhat dull, the disc feebly bicarinate at
extreme base only ; lateral costae entire, spiracles small and oval,
apophyses wanting. Scutellum black, nitidulous, subdeplanate,
with sparse punctation and black pilosity. Abdomen immaculate,
parallel-sided, fully twice as long as, though not broader than,

Fig. ^l.—Epliialtes iridipennis, Mori.

the thorax, scabrous, with the segments! apices nitidulous ; first
segment fully twice as long as broad and hardly constricted
basally ; thyridii of the second deeply impressed and extending to
centre ; segments two to five longer than broad and laterally
subiucrassate in the centre, though hardly tuberculate ; terebra
nearly half as long again as the body (30 millim.), distinctly and
shortly pectinate throughout and apically deflexed. Legs elongate,
clear red, with the hind tibi?eand tarsi blackish, their claws curved
and strongly lobate basally. Wings subhyaline and somewhat
narrow ; areolet triangular and subsessile, nervelet wanting ;
stigma blackish, radix and tegulas flavescent; lower wing with
basal abscissa of radius half as long again as the second recurrent
nervure ; nervellus slightly postfurcal and intercepted a little
above the centre.

Length, <j 12, $ 23 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, vii. 97 (Col. Nurse} ; TENASSEKIM (DoJiertt/ —
Ind. Mus.).

Type in Col. Xtirse's collection.

184

ICHinSUMOHIDJS.

This handsome species is extremely closely allied to E. manifes-
tntor, L., but the punctation of the head is finer, the clypeus red
and not apically produced, the metanotutn is more nitidulous and
punctate, with but obsolete carinae, the terebra is longer, and the
nervellus intercepts at a distinctly lower point.

A male, found by W. Doherty in Tenasserim and now in the
Calcutta Museum, so exactly coincides with the type in every way
that, in spite of the very different locality, I have no hesitation in
associating them; the size of the sexes is, as I have already
mentioned, usually disproportionate in this genus, as is proved by
four males bred by Stebbing from some species of Clirysoboihrus in
deodar at Simla.

125. Epbialtes tinctipennis, Cam.

Ephialtes tinctipennis, Cameron,* Mauch. Mem. 1899, p. lol (tf).

<S . An entirely black species, with only the anterior legs flavous.
Head deep black, with the frons and vertex smooth, shining
and sparsely infuscate-pilose ; orbits impressed and acutely
margined ; face strongly and uniformly punctate and, like the
clypeus, densely and elongately infuscate-pilose ; the latter smooth,

centrally semicircularly im-
pressed and apically testa-
ceous ; mandibles black, palpi
testaceous. Antennae deep
black; scape somewhat strong-
ly punctate, with elongate pale
and dense pilosity ; fiagellum
entirely glabrous. Thorax
glabrous and nitidulous, with
the pro- and meso-pleurae
basally crenulate, and the
mesosternum finely punctate
and basally carinate ; meta-
notum strongly and uniformly
punctate, becoming laterally
substrigose ; petiolar area
wanting, semicircular and gla-

Fig. 43.—Epkialies tinctipennis, Cai

brous ; metapleurae obsoletely
punctate, with a carina above
and below. /S'cutellum and
postscutellum immaculate ; the former sparsely and shallowly
punctate, with elongate pilosity ; the latter minutely punctate and
nitidulous. Abdomen entirely black, closely and strongly punc-
tate ; first segment with its basal fovea glabrous and its apex more
strongly punctate than the second segment. Legs fulvous ; the
hind ones black, with the exception of the rufesceut apices of the
trochanters and the extreme base of the femora ; hind calcaria
pale testaceous. Wittys hyaline and slightly f ulvescent ; stigma

EPUJALXES. 185

infuscate ; areolet triangular and laterally coalesceiit above,
emitting the recurrent nervure from its basal fourth.

Length 19 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (llothney}.

Type in the British Museum ; the apical half of the abdomen
is wanting.

126. Ephialtes longiventris, Cam.

Ephialteslonyirentris, Cameron, Zeits. Ilym.-Dipt. 1908, p. 37 ( $ ).

$ . A black species, densely clothed with white pubescence,
which is longest on the sides of the thorax and abdomen. Head
immaculate ; face finely punctate and centrally subglabrous, as
are also the frons and vertex. Antennas black, with the scape,
except above, bright citrinous. Thorax immaculate ; the pro- and
meso-pleune glabrous and nitidulous, mesonotum closely but not
strongly punctate ; metanotura much more strongly and apically
closely punctate, extending to the lateral carinae ; metapleur*
glabrous and nitidulous. Abdomen elongate and slender, with the
two basal segments longer than the head and thorax ; first seg-
ment only slightly longer than half the second ; terebra only
slightly shorter than the body. Legs with the anterior pairs
bright flavous ; hind ones with their coxae and femora bright
red, their trochanters basally black and apically white, their tibia*
and tarsi dull pale flavescent, with the former below and at their
apices entirely black ; apices of all the tarsal joints subinfuscate.
Wings hyaline, with the nervures and stigma black.

Length 27 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. C. I. Bingham).

Type. Location unknown.

I have not seen this species, of which Cameron (/. c.) says :
'• The abdomen is longer and thinner than usual ; as compared
with E. iridipennis, Cam., from Simla, apart from the marked
difference in the colouration of the legs, that species may be
known by the first abdominal segment being longer than the
second. In E. latiannulata, Cam., from Sikkim, the first abdominal
segment is as long as the second, the abdomen is stout, not elon-
gated, and the legs are rufous, the four hinder tarsi black, the
hind tibiae black, broadly white above." It may be the $ of
E. tinctipennis, though femoral coloration is usually constant in
this genus.

127. Ephialtes latiannulatus, Cam.

Ephialtes latiannulatus, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 90 ($).

5 . A black species, with only the pronotum pale, and the terebra
longer than the body. Head with the frons and vertex smooth
arid shining, but laterally closely punctate ; face, except laterally,
with deuse elongate and infuscate pubescence ; palpi pale flavous.

136 ICHNECMON1DJE.

Thorax with the pro- and meso-thorax smooth, with short and
sparse pilosity ; apex of pronotum with a citrinous line ; meta-
thorax closely and strongly punctate, and densely pilose; metanotum
centrally glabrous. Scutellum black. Abdomen immaculate, closely
mid strongly punctate, with dense infuscate pubescence ; terebra
longer than body (19 millim.). Leys red, with the anterior coxae
and trochauters pale ftavous ; hind tibite pale flavous, with the
underside, the apex and a baud before the base black, as also are
the posterior tarsi. Wings hyaline, with the stigma and nervures
black ; tegulae citrinous ; areolet sessile, emitting the recurrent
nervure from the base of its apical third part ; nervelet distinct
but minute.

Length 17 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. C. T. Bingham).

Type. Location unknown.

I am not acquainted with this species.

Genus HEMIPIMPLA, Sauss.

llemipimpla, Saussure, Graudidier's Hist. Madag., Hym. 1892,

pi. xiii, fig. 8.

JSrytkropfayiUti Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 57.
Tnctuotheou*, Cameron, Jour. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 1903, p. 130.

GENOTYPE, //. caffra, Sauss.

Head very strongly transverse and obliquely truncate imme-
diately behind the unusually prominent eyes, which are internally
but slightly emarginate next the scrobes ; occiput basally bordered ;
ocelli elevated upon a common plateau above the level of the
concave vertex ; face deplanate and subglabrous, with the clypeus
apically emarginate and basally but indistinctly discrete ; man-
dibles stout, with the upper tooth the longer ; cheeks somewhat
shorter than the basal width of the mandibles. Antenna? seta-
ceous, apically attenuate and distinctly short. Thorax glabrous ;
notauli distinct in front ; rnetathorax glabrous, with no trace of
areae, its spiracles oval and facing towards the apex. Scutellum
glabrous and not convex. Abdomen very strongly punctate, with
the apical angles of the segments acutely prominent ; transversely
incised at their apical third, the incision becoming laterally con-
fluent with another, rising obliquely from the depressed base of
each segment ; terebra stout and not shorter than abdomen, with
pilose valvulsc. Legs short and not slender; tarsal claws curved,
somewhat small and, in $ , elongately lobate hasally ; front cal-
caria curved. Wings somewhat narrow and always more or less
deeply infumate ; radius usually sinuate above the oblique areolet.
which emits the recurrent nervure from its apical fourth ; first
recurrent of lower wing subopposite and emitting the nervellus
from distinctly below its centre. Size large ; thorax red ; hind
legs concolorous with abdomen.

Range. South Africa, India, Malay Archipelago.

HEMIPIMPLA. 187

This genus is certainly allied to Epiurus in its emarginatu
clypeus, lobate $ claws, strongly uneven abdomen, subcircular
metathoracic spiracles and short antennae. Its species are very
beautiful (cf. Distant, Nat. in Transvaal, 1892, p. 227).

Ashrnead characterised his genus (loc. cit.) as having : — The
areolet oblique and rhouiboidal ; the first recurrent nervure of the
lower wings intercepted very far above its centre ; the tarsal claws
lobate strongly at their base, and not pectinate ; the tnetathorax
smooth, with no trace of either carina? or area3 ; the second to
fifth segments with deeply impressed and laterally continuous
sulci at both base and apex ; and finally, having the clypeus setni-
circularly emarginate at its apex and not discrete from the face at
its base. But elsewhere (lib. cit. p. 55) he distinctly says that the
clypeus is discrete from the face, and it is entirely upon the sepa-
ration of the clypeus that Hemipimpla differs from Eryihropimpla,
since in all other particulars, such as the glabrous metaiiotum,
elongate spiracles, terebra longer than abdomen and basally lobate
claws, it very perfectly agrees therewith. It is obvious, I think,
that Ashmead did not really know Hemipimpla, and equally
obvious that his table is herein defective. Cameron has further
complicated the matter by redescribing the genus under the name
TrichiotJiecus.

The superficial resemblance of some of the following species to
the Braconid genus Myosoma, found in the Malay Archipelago and
probably in India, is very remarkable.*

Table of Species.

1 (4) Abdomen testaceous, closely and con-

nuently punctate, at least discally.
'2 (3) Basal segment distinctly punctate and ex-

carinate ; alar infnmescence broader and

darker testacea, Cam., p. 188.

»'} (2) Basal segment impimetate and strongly

biccirinate ; alar infnmescence narrower

and paler cftffi-a, Sauss., p. 189.

4 (1) Abdomen black, very deeply and somewhat

sparsely punctate throughout.

5 (6) Stigma black and the whole wings ni-

grescent ntffosa, de G., p. 190.

6 (5) Stigma and wings, except apices of latter,

testaceous ariana, Cam., p. 192.

* It has been suggested (Journ. Str. Br. Royal Asiatic Soc. 1903, p. 137)
tnat Pinylo viridipennis, Smith (Proc. Linn. Soc., Zool. 1860, suppl. p. 64) J,
described from Celebes, probably belongs to the present genus ; no doubt can
remain that this is the case, and but little can be entertained that it is the
alternate sex of Cameron's Trichiothecus rnjiceps. I have not entered it in
the synonymy, however, since I have had the opportunity of examining only
the single example, labelled " Pimpla viridipennis, var. a; Mak[assar]," in
the National Collection, and not the type, which is to be sought in the Wilson
Saunders Collection at Oxford.

188 1CUXKUMOMDJ-.

128. Hemipimpla testacea. Cam.

Eri/thropimpla testacea, Cameron, Tijds. Eut. 1907, p. 98 ( $ ).

c? $ . An entirely testaceous species, with the antennae, terebi-a
and apices of the \vings alone infuscate; postpetiole dull and
<leeply punctate. Head ilavidous, transverse and very strongly
constricted behind the prominent and brownish eyes; occiput
glabrous and nitidulous, finely bordered posteriorly, with a few
scattered punctures ; ocelli iufuscate and elevated upon a common
plateau; irons glabrous, with the scrobes large and extending
nearly to the ocelli ; face deplauate, with a few scattered punc-
tures and hairs, centrally subelevated longitudinally and distinctly
discrete from the deplanate and apically emarginate clypeus ;
mandibles not very stout, with the infuscate teeth, of which the
upper i.s the longer, apically obtuse ; cheeks somewhat shorter
than the basal breadth of the mandibles: eyes only slightly
emarginate next the scrobes. Antennas black, somewhat shorter
than the body and apically attenuate ; of <j> with scape beneath,
of d" with the whole scape and underside of the flagellum,
testaceous ; joints cylindrical and not elongate. Thorax glabrous,
strongly nitidulous, with sparse flavous pubescence on the meta-
thorax ; notauli anteriorly distinct ; metathoracic area) entirely
wanting, but with distinct sparse and tine punctation ; spiracles
small, oval and facing towards apex. Sotttetbtm glabrous and not
convex, with a few erect ilavidous hail's. Abdomen fusiform-
cylindrical and broadest centrally, entirely testaceous or rufesceut,
.strongly punctate throughout, with the apical angles of the seg-
ments prominent ; basal subquadrate or in tf a little longer than
apically broad, laterally canaliculate on either side and in <$
strongly carinate; the four or five following segments deeply
incised transversely at their apical third, the incision becoming
laterally confluent with another which rises obliquely from the
depressed base ; venter of 3 alone basally plicate, its valvulso
small, pilose, blackish and hardly exserted ; terebra black, slightly
longer than the abdomen, with the valvulae slender and pilose.
Leys short and stout, testaceous, with the stout, basally strongly
lobate claws, which in £ hardly extend beyond the pulvilli, alone
blackish ; front femora and tibia? simple, their calcaria curved.
Wings not broad, strongly flavescent, with the external margin
broadly, or in $ the apical third, infumate ; radix, tegula? and
stigma testaceous, the costa concolorous, becoming blackish at its
apex; radius in J curved above the somewhat oblique areolet,
'which emits the recurrent nervure from near its apex ; lower
wings with first recurrent subopposite and emitting the nervellus
distinctly below its centre ; costa in c? narrowly black at emission
of radial nervure.

length 12-17 millim.

SIKKIM, iv-vi. 1900 (BinyJiam— Brit. Mus.) ; ASSAM : Marg-
herita (Ind. Mus.); BURMA : Mandalay, ix. 98 (Bingham — Brit.
Mus.).

HEMTriMPL.Y. 189*

Type. Location unknown.

This, with the exception of the next one, is the only species of
its group with entirely pale body and thoracic pilosity ; the
abdomen is duller and more closely punctate, with its incisions
less deeply impressed and the intumescence of the wings more
sharply denned than in 0. rngosa and C. ariana, of which it
would at first sight appear to be little more than a xanthic
variety. The d1 differs somewhat materially in having the radial
nervure distinctly more curved above the less petiolate areolet ;
this sex has not before been described.

I was not acquainted with Cameron's description when drawing
up my account of this insect, but there can be no doubt that he
refers to the present species, upon which he remarks that the
temples are distinctly developed, roundly narrowed ; the central
part of the basal segment is broad, transverse and not roundly
narrowed as in his other species of this genus.

129. Hemipimpla caffra, Sauss.

Hemipimpla caffra, Saussure, Distant, Nat. Trans v. 1892, p. 227 ( $ )..
Pimpla olynthia, Cameron, Manch. Mena. 1899, p. 156 (§).
Enjthropimpla olynthia, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 99.

<$ $ . " Uniformly rufo-ferruginous. The face, palpi, orbits
and apices of the four anterior coxse, pale yellow. The orbits and
base of the mandibles and palpi yellow ; the apex of the mandi-
bles black. Scape of antennae rufo-ferruginous ; the base of the
nagellum dark rufous on the underside. The thorax is more
elongated and narrowed behind the tegulae than usual. Petiole
smooth, impunctate, the base oblique, the sides distinctly
margined ; the keel being continued to the centre of the apical
portion, on the outer side of the middle ; the space between
being depressed ; the second, third, and fourth segments are
closely punctured down the middle, and on the transverse
depressions ; the fifth is broadly depressed at the base and
more strongly and closely punctured ; the sixth is closely and
finely punctured; the apical almost impunctate; the ventral
segments, except the apical one, sulphur - yellow ; terebra
16 mm.; sheaths of the ovipositor covered thickly with pale,
somewhat rufous, hair. The coxae and femora are covered with
moderately long, white, the tibiae and tarsi very thickly with
shorter, more fulvous coloured, hairs ; the claws are black.
Wings yellowish hyaline ; the apices of both with oblique smoky
clouds, the costa, stigma and uervures yellowish ; the areolet
oblique ; the recurrent nervure is received in the apical fourth of
the cellule.

"Length 18 mm."

SIKKIM, iv-vi. 1900 (Bine/ham) ; ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney) ;
BUBMA. : Moulmein (Archdeacon Clerk). TRANSVAAL : Pretoria
( W. L. Distant, type).

190 ICIIXEUMOXID.E.

Type in the British Museum ; that of P. olynthia in the Oxford
Museum.

Cameron, whose description is quoted above, says (loc. cit. 1899)
that this species agrees with Smith's New Guinea Pimpla nigri-
cornis, <f (Jouru. Linn, Soc. viii, 1864, p. 64), but that the latter
is smaller and has the mesonotum punctate. From all its allies
here described, this female is at once known by the impunctate
and strongly bicariuate basal segment, and centrally more closely
punctate abdomen (the pilosity of the legs also appears distinc-
tive), though it is obviously very strongly allied to H. testacea,
which, however, has the abdomen distinctly punctate throughout
and the hypopygium concolorous with the remainder of the
venter. Saussure's Hemipimpla caffra, from Pretoria, is cer-
tainly synonymous with the Indian species.

A single § from Moulmein in the British Museum, taken in
1843, differs in having the infumate alar margin subobsolete.

130. Hemipimpla rugosa, de G.

Sphex rttgosus, de Geer, Mem. Hist. Xat. Ins. iii, 1773, p. o97,

pi. xxx, tig's. 18, 19; Goze, Abh. Gesch. Ins. iii, 1780, p. 387,

pi. xxx, figs. 18, 19 ( $ ).
Ichneumon ruyosus, Retzius, Gen. et Spp. Ins. 1783, p. 67 ; cf.

Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, p. 1019 ($).
Ichneumon vacillator, Olivier, Encycl. ine"th. 1792, p. 180 ( $ ).
Pimpla bipartita, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hyiu. iv, 1846, p. 88 ($ ) ;

Tosquinet, Ichn. d'Afrique, 1896, p. 297 (rf $)•
Rhyssa bipartita, Yollenhoven, Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1879, p. 142 ($ ).
Trichiothecus ruficeps, Cameron * Jour. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 1903,

p. 137(8). "

(31 $ . A handsome black species, with the headandmost of the
thorax red, and the wings deeply clouded throughout. Head
entirely red, transverse and strongly constricted behind the
prominent and black eyes ; occiput abruptly declivous, glabrous
and nitidulous, finely bordered posteriorly, with a few obsolete
punctures; ocelli infuscate and elevated upon a common plateau ;
frons glabrous, with the scrobes large and extending nearly to
the ocelli ; face deplanate, with a few fine scattered punctures
and black hairs, centrally subelevated longitudinally and discrete
from the deplanate and centrally impressed clypeus ; mandibles
not very stout, with the subequal teeth infuscate and apically
subobtuse; cheeks somewhat shorter than the basal breadth of
the mandibles; eyes only slightly emarginate next the scrobes.
Antennai black, forty-jointed, somewhat shorter than the body
and apically attenuate ; scape rufescent throughout ; flagellur
joints cylindrical and not elongate, with the basal ones apically
subnodulose. Thorax red, glabrous and very strongly nitidulous,
with sparse griseous pilosity on the infuscate metathorax ; notauli
anteriorly distinct ; metathoracic area? entirely wanting, but with

1IEMIP1MPLA.

191

Fig. 44. — Hemipimpla rugosa, de Gr.

distinct sparse and fine punctation ; spiracles small, oval and
directed towards the apex. Scutellum glabrous and not very
convex, with a few erect dark hairs. Abdomen fusiform-
cylindrical and broadest centrally, entirely dull black or some-
times with a cyaneous reflection, strongly punctate throughout,

with the apical angles of the
segments prominent ; basal
segment not longer than
apically broad, a little nar-
rowed basally, centrally ele-
vated and laterally scabricu-
lous ; the five following
segments deeply incised trans-
versely at their apical third,
the incision becoming laterally
confluent with another which
rises obliquely from the de-
pressed base ; anus smoother
and shining ; venter with the
four basal segments plicate ;
terebra black, of the same
length as the abdomen, with
the valvulse slender, pilose,
and the spicula castaneous.

Legs short and somewhat stout, red, with the hind pair
entirely and more or less of the intermediate coxae black ;
claws small and strongly lobate ; front femora and tibia? simple,
their calcaria curved. Wings not broad, strongly iui'umate
throughout ; radix and tegulae red ; stigma black and costa con-
colorous, becoming rufescent at its base ; areolet somewhat oblique
and emitting the recurrent nervure from near its apex ; lower
wing with the first recurrent subopposite and emitting the ner-
vellus distinctly below its centre.
Length 17-18 rnillim.

The c? is described as differing but slightly from the 5 in
having the vertex somewhat brunneous, the antennae of forty-two
joints, the abdomen with no bluish reflection and the front legs
subflavescent.

Lenytli 16 millim.

" EAST INDIES " (teste Brulle). BORNEO.

At first I had supposed the only $ I had seen of this species
to be no more than a melanic variety of the following, but in a
long series of the latter the nervellus is quite uniform in its
direction, and in the present species it is exactly as in H. testacea,
from which the black body and hind legs, more shining and deeply
incised abdomen, together with the entirely violaceo-infumate
wings, will instantly distinguish it. Tosquinet compares it with
Pimpla cor/nata, Tosq., and says its size is larger, the conformation
stouter, the colour different, the terebra double as long and the

192 JCHKEUMOXID.T.

nervellns not postfurcal ; he adds that the extent of the rufescent
coloration is slightly variable, but the description I had drawn up
of the Bornean $ agrees entirely with that of his African spe-
cimens (Togoland and Senegambia). Van Yollenhoven did not
know the present species and merely conjectured it to be a
Rhyssa, allied to his B. laniaria, on account of its similar
coloration and terebral length.

Brulle vaguely records the female from " les Indes orientales " ;
and I have described above another, which is in the British
Museum, bearing a pencil label : " Indrulaman, October, 1895 ;
H. H. Everett." I have seen the type of T. iiificeps, Cam., from
Kuching, Borneo, iu the British Museum, where also is another
female, taken at Mount Siban, Sarawak, in May, 1902.

Meagre as is de Geer's description, it contains all the salient
points, I consider, for establishing the identity of Pimpla bipartita
with his Ichneumon rugogits, since he describes it: — Of normal
size with abdomen strongly elongate ; bead red with the eyes
piceous ; antenna? broken ; thorax red. Abdomen subcylindrical
and a little broader centrally, rugose and black ; segments deeply
discrete with very remarkable discal rugosities and incisions,
rendering the surface uneven and rugose ; terebra as long as
the abdomen, with the spicula black and the valvulse stouter, dark
brown, apically obtuse and elongately pilose. Anterior legs red,
and the hind ones entirely black ; wings obscurely infumate
throughout, opaque, with a slight violaceous reflection. He says,
" J'ai lieu de croire que le senl individu que j'avois est originaire
des Indes." Olivier adds that it is 17 millim. in length, with the
antenna? black and shorter than the body ; and that it occurs in
Sumatra. Ket/ius simply quotes de Geer's diagnosis : but
Gravenhorst in 1829 thought it possibly identical with Ichneumon
(Ephialtes) instigator, Rossi (nee Fab.), which is incorrect; but
for lack of all later reference to it, Dalla Torre, in 1901, left
this species in Ephialtes, as inadequately described ; de Geer's
descriptions fortunately, however, very rarely fall into such a
category.

131. Hemipimpla ariana, Cam. (Plate I, fig. G.)

Pimpla ariana, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 157 ($).
Erythropimpla ariana, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 99.

<$ $ . A large black species, with the head and thorax bright
red, and the wings flavescent. Head entirely red, transverse, and
strongly constricted behind the prominent black eyes ; occiput
abruptly declivous, glabrous, somewhat impressed laterally and
finely bordered posteriorly ; ocelli infuscate and elevated upon n
common plateau ; frons glabrous, with the scrobes large and
extending nearly to the ocelli ; face deplanate and flavidous,
with a few fine scattered punctures and rufescent hairs, centrally

IIEMIPIMPL.V. 193

subelevated longitudinally and discrete from the deplanate and
apically impressed clypeus ; mandibles not very stout, with the
subequal teeth apically infuseate and subobtuse ; cheeks distinctly
shorter than the basal breadth of the mandibles ; eyes very
slightly emarginate next the scrobes. Antennce black, two-thirds
the length of the body, setaceous ; scape entirely, and in tf
ilagellum beneath, rufescent ; joints cylindrical and not elongate.
Thorax bright red throughout, glabrous and very strongly nitidu-
lous, with very sparse dark pilosity on the metathorax; notauli
inconspicuous ; metathoracic areae entirely wanting, punctation
obsolete ; spiracles small, oval and directed towards apex. Scu-
tellum glabrous and not convex, with a few dark hairs. Abdomen
fusiform-cylindrical and broadest centrally, entirely dull black,
strongly punctate throughout, with the apical angles of the seg-
ments prominent ; basal segment distinctly longer than apically
broad in both sexes, slightly narrowed basally, centrally elevated,
strongly bicarinate and laterally scabrous ; the four or five fol-
lowing segments deeply incised transversely at their apical third,
the incision becoming laterally confluent with another, which
rises obliquely from the depressed base ; disc usually longi-
tudinally subcarinate ; basal ventral segments plicate ; cf valvulae
retracted; terebra black, slightly longer than the abdomen, with
the valvulse slender and pilose, spicula black. Legs short and
somewhat stout, red, with the hind pair alone entirely black ;
claws stout and strongly lobate, in $ hardly extending beyond
the pulvilli ; front tibiae simple, their calcaria curved. Wings not;
broad, strongly flavesceut, with their external margin broadly
infumate in both sexes ; radix, tegulse, costa and stigma testaceous;
areolet subpetiolate, oblique, and emitting the recurrent nervure
from near its apex ; lower wings with the first recurrent distinctly
postfurcal and emitting the nervellus tar below its centre; costa
•of 6 fiavescent throughout.

Length 14-17 millim.

SIKKIM, v. & vi. 1900 (Binyliani) ; ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey,
type), Naga Hills (Bine/ham), Margherita (Ind. Mus.).

This species is related to Hemipimpla testacea in the coloration
•of the wings and to //. rugosa in that of the body and legs ; but
from both it is at once recognised by the distinctly postfurcal
recurrent nervure of the lower wings and more tumid basal
segment. Unlike H. testacea, both sexes have the postpetiole
bicarinate and the radius equally curved above the subsessile
areolet ; nevertheless I think no doubt can exist respecting the
•correctness of the sexes of the former, as here described. My
•description is drawn from one male and seven females in the
.British Museum.

194

Genus PHILOPSYCHE, Cam.
Philopsyche, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 137.

GENOTYPE, P. albobalteata, Gam.

Eyes very large, extending to the base of the mandibles and
distinctly emarginate internally, though not convergent anteriorly ;
face centrally carinate longitudinally and distinctly discrete from
the not quite transverse and apically depressed clypeus. .Apical
flagellar joint as long as the two preceding united. " The
sharp lateral ridges of the mesonotuin do not extend on to the
scutellum " ; inetathoracic spiracles circular ; metapleural carin»
distinct and entire. Scutellum roundly convex. Abdomen and
legs as in Piwpla ; the latter with the claws slender, curved and
simple ; apical joint of hind tarsi about thrice as long as the
penultimate. A reolet triangular, small and petiolate ; transverse
median nervure of fore wings placed immediately behind the
transverse basal, almost interstitial ; internal cubital nervure
angled beyond its centre, with no trace of nervelet ; first re-
current of hind wing intercepted far below its centre.

Eamje. Ceylon, Australia.

132. Pbilopsyche albobalteata, Cam.

Philopsyche albobalteata, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 138

pi. B, tig. 10 (d).
Charitophnphi anmdipes, Cameron, loc. cit. p. 139, pi. B, fig. 9 ( <j> ).

A black species, with the elongate pubescence, and most of the
legs, white. rf. Head smooth and nitidulous, with the face

obscurely shagreened and
covered with white pilosity^
which is longer on the clypeus ;
palpi \\hite. Antennae, with
scape white beneath. Thorax
with hind edge of pronotum
white ; mesonotum closely
punctate, with elongate white
pubescence; metanotuni gla-
brous and nitidulous, with
only its centre punctate and
with elongate white pilosity ;
pleura smooth, subnude, ex-
cept the metapleune above
the lateral carinax Scutellum
closely punctate, with elon-
gate white pubescence. Abdo-

Fig. 45.
I'ltilopsyche albobalteata, Cain.

men closely and strongly punc-
tate, with black pubescence ; the glabrous apices of the six basal

PHILOPSYCHE. EXERISTES. 195

segments white. Leys: anterior pairs white ; hind pair with coxae,
femora and basal joint of the trochanters red, their black tibiae
broadly white in centre and narrowly at extreme base, the tro-
chanterelli and the apex of the basal tarsal joint also white.
Wings with tegulae white.

Length 7-8 millim.

5 . A handsome black insect, with the legs and apical margins
of the abdominal segments flavous, the hind coxae and femora red,
with their apices and the apex and centre of their tibiae black,
areolet elongately petiolate and the face longitudinally carinate.

Length 12 millim.

CEYLON : Matale and Peradeniya, from Psyclie albipes and
P. subteralbata , Yatyiantota, from P. vitrea, vi. 06, Badulla and
Puwukpitiya, from miscellaneous Psychid cases, iv. 06, Pundaluoya
and Madulsima, v. 07 (all E. E. Green),

The sculpture is identical in both sexes, and I cannot conceive
how Cameron failed to associate them.

From an examination of the figure of the female (loc. cit.) I
was at first of the opinion that it was synonymous with my
Exeristes albidncta ; but there are several pertinent points of
distinction : — The edge of the pronotum is white, the abdominal
bands are laterally fulvescent, the hind coxae except below are red,
the areolet is elongately petiolate, with the pedicle " as long as the
branch of the first transverse cubital nervure," the face is centrally
carinate, the apex of the clypeus is brunneous, the metanotal
pilosity is more fulvous than that of the remainder of the thorax,
the metapleurge below the lateral carinae are smooth, and, above
all, the abdomen is closely punctate and the terebra, in proportion
to the length of the body, decidedly shorter. Strangely enough
the areolet is figured by Cameron as distinctly sessile, and the
nervellus is not shown.

Mr. Green has been so good as to send me many specimens of
this handsome species, the colouring of which is remarkably con-
stant. Our oldest record of the insect is a female, in the Oxford
Museum, taken by Thwaites in Ceylon in 1873.

Genus EXERISTES, Forgt.

Exeristes, Forster, Verb. pr. Ilheinl. 1868, p. 164.
Charitojrimpla, Cameron, Journ. Stv. Br. li. As. Soc. 1902, p. 48.

GENOTYPE, Pimpla roborator, Grav.

Eyes not or hardly pilose, nor internally emarginate ; clypeus
apically impressed in the centre, and basally distinctly discrete
from the face. Apical flagellar joint not longer than the two
penultimate. Mesonotum not transversely strigose, the lateral
carinae not reaching the scutellum ; inetathoracic spiracles oval
and areae entirely wanting. Abdomen not glabrous ; the segments

02

196 ICHNEUMONIDJS.

transversely impressed, and the second not elongate ; spicula
apically straight. Apical joint of hind tarsi fully twice as long
as the penultimate ; claws not pectinate, those of $ strongly
lobate basally. Wings with areolet entire ; internal cubital
nervure not pellucid ; first recurrent of hind wings not straight
throughout.

Range. Palaearctic and Nearctic Eegions.

So far as the Indian species of this genus are at present
concerned, ifc is composed entirely of females, with the single
exception of one male, which is anything but satisfactorily placed
here.

Table of Species.

1 (8) Terebra at least nearly as long

as the abdomen.

2 (5) Scutellum and abdominal petiole

black.

3 (4) Abdomen very distinctly pale-

banded . . * ." albicincta, sp. n., p. 196.

4 (3) Abdomen not pale-banded .... tibialis, sp. n., p. 198.

5 (2) Scutellum and abdominal petiole

not black.

6 (7) Areolet sessile ; metanotum

closely punctate flavoscutis, Cam., p. 198.

7 (6) Areolet petiolate ; metanotum

very sparsely punctate leucostoma, Cam., p. 199.

8 (1) Terebra nearly always very dis-

tinctly shorter than abdomen.

9 (10) Scutellum entirely black nigroscutis, Cam., p. 200.

10 (9) Scutellum more or less broadly

tiavous.

11 (12) Hind legs mainly black ; ab-

dominal pale bands not entire. Jlavipalpis, Cam., p. 200.

12 (11) Hind legs mainly pale ; ab-

dominal pale bands usually
entire.

13 (16) Wings not apically clouded ;

mesonotum immaculate.

14 (15) Frons centrally simple ; wings

hyaline throughout ptikhella, sp. n., p. 201.

15 (14) Frons centrally carinate ; wings

basally fulvescent carinifrons, Cam., p. 202.

16 (13) Wings apically clouded ; meso-

notum with flavous stripes . . pukhrimaculata, Cam., p. 203.

133. Exeristes albicincta, sp. n.

$ . A black species, with flavous markings and tricoloured legs.
Head somewhat strongly constricted behind the eyes, black, with
the vertical orbits narrowly and palpi stramineous ; occiput ob-
liquely declivous, ocelli brunneous, frons eubglabrous, scrobes
large ; face centrally elevated though not carinate, sparsely

EXEKISTES. 197

punctate and deeply discrete from the apically depressed and
entirely immaculate clypeus ; mandibles black and strong but not
broad, with the apical teeth acuminate and of equal length ;
cheeks very short. Antenna} distinctly shorter than body, sub-
filiform, with the joints short and cylindrical; scape and pedicellus
stramineous beneath. Thorax subparallel-sided, evenly punctate
throughout, black, with a callosity before radix alone flavous ;
pronotum immaculate ; mesonotum somewhat deplanate, notauli
short but deeply impressed ; metathorax with no trace of areae,
but with long sparse griseous
pilosit)* with no fulvous tinge
and the areolar region glabrous ;
sparsely punctate below lateral
cariiije ; spiracles nearly circular.
Scutellum black, distinctly punc-
tate and pilose, not convex.
Abdomen cylindrical and parallel-
sided, evenly but not at all
closely punctate, nitidulous, black,
with the apices of the five basal
segments somewhat broadly, and
of the two following very nar-
rovvlv, stramineous and not late-
rally rufescent; basal angles of

„ . ,?'..' the second and third concolorous ;

Exenttti albicincta. Mori. ,, ,, • n i

all the segments apically gla-
brous ; the first apically broader

than long and discally subdeplanate ; the second to fifth broadly,
but not convexly, tuberculate on either side and triangularly
impressed disc-ally; venter testaceous and plicate throughout;
terebra a little longer than the abdomen, with the valvulae black
and but shortly pilose. Legs not elongate, pale stramineous, with
all the tarsal claws small and blackish, strongly lobate basally ;
hind legs with the coxae entirely, base of trochanters, apices of
tibia? and of femora, and a band before the base of the former,
black ; hind femora red, their tarsi only apically infuscate.
Wings normal and hyaline ; radix and tegulse stramineous ;
costa and stigma black ; areolet somewhat small, exactly tri-
angular, shortly petiolate and emitting the recurrent nervure
from very near its apex ; lower wings with first recurrent sub-
opposite and nearly straight, emitting the straight nervellus from
distinctly below its centre.

Length 14-15| millim.

SIKKIM, iv. 91 and iv-vi. 1900 (Bingliarti).

Type in British Museum.

Very like Philopsyclie albobalteata, but larger, with the abdomen
sparsely punctate and the terebra longer.

198 ICHXEUMONID-E.

134. Exeristes tibialis, sp. n.

$ . A black species, with the central segments badious, and
the legs, propleurae and scape mainly flavous. Head nitidulous,
very finely and extremely sparsely punctate ; vertex convex and
not baccate behind the entire eyes, which extend almost to the
base of the piceous and equally strongly bidentate mandibles ;
occiput absolutely bordered laterally, and strongly emarginate in
the centre ; face nitidulous, obsoletely punctate, with dense long
white pilosity ; clypeus strongly discrete and four times as broad
as long. Antennif filiform throughout and black, with the scape
excised nearly to its base and broadly flavous beneath. Thorax
distinctly, evenly and not closely punctate, with the pleurae and
sternum subglabrous ; propleurae triangularly above, and an
elongate callosity before the radix, stramineous ; notauli distinct,
though hardly reaching centre : metathorax with no area, but
with long pilosity, lateral carinae entire, spiracles small and
circular. Scutellwn normal and somewhat deeply punctate.
Abdomen double the length of the thorax, convex, subparallel-
sided, with the apices of the evenly and distinctly punctate seg-
menrs a little prominent ; basal segment not longer than apically
broad, bicarinate to the centre, with the emarginate apex centrally
elevated ; second segment quadrate and, with the slightly trans-
verse third, conspicuously badious before its apex ; fourth and
fifth distinctly tuberculate and subtransverse, with the following
smoother and much shorter; venter flavidous and plicate ; terebra
five-sixths the length of the body with the spicula ferruginous,
the valvulae black and very elongately pilose. Legs fulvous with
the anterior coxae, and all the trochanters, stramineous ; hind
coxae and tibue stramineous above and blackish throughout
beneath ; calcaria pale, slender and very short ; claws curved,
small and basally strongly lobate. Wings hyaline, with the radix
and tegulae flavous, stigma and costa blackish ; areolet triangular,
broader than high, and emitting the distinctly bifenestrate second
recurrent nervure from its apical third ; first recurrent of hind
wing distinctly postfurcal, emitting nervellus from above its centre.

Length 13 millim.

SIKKIM, iv. 91 and iv. 1900 (Bingharti).

Ti/pe in British Museum.

I have seen a second female of this species of eleven millimetres
in length with the abdomen immaculate, the scape only apically
testaceous beneath, and the hind coxae not infuscate.

135. Exeristes flavoscutis, Cam.
Charitopimplajluvoscutis, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 97 ( $ ).

A black species, with pale flavescent markings. Head smooth ;
face, excepting a central black line attenuated above, and the base
of the mandibles, pale flavous. Thorax with pro- and meso-

EXERISTES. 199

thorax smouth and shining ; a narrow pronotal line, callosities at
radices and an irregular central mark at base of the mesopleurae,
pale navous; metathorax with long pale hairs, closely and strongly
punctate, except at the centre and apex of metanotum. Sciitellum
and postscutelluin, except a longitudinal line on basal halt' of the
former, pale flavous. Abdomen rut'o-testaceous, with the six basal
segments closely and strongly punctate ; a broad line posteriorly
dilated centrally at the apex of the first segment, a broader line
extending nearly to the centre and subdilated centrally and
laterally on the second, narrower lines on the third and fourth
segments, and the two apical segments entirely, black ; terebra not
quite as long as abdomen (6 millim.). Leys : anterior pairs pale
navous with the femora testaceous behind ; hind legs ruto-fulvous
throughout. Wings hyaline, with the stigma and nervures black ;
tegulse pale navous; areolet^ oblique and sessile, emitting the
recurrent nervure from its apex.

Length 11 millim.

SIKKIM (Bine/ham).

Unknown to me.

136. Exeristes leucostoma, Cam.

Charitopimpla leucostoma, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 97 (§).

2 . A black species, with stramineous markings. Head smooth,
with fulvous pubescence ; face, except a line on its apical two-
thirds, clypeus, except a large apical piceous mark, mandibles,
except at apex, and the palpi, stramineous. Antennae with the
two basal joints Havous beneath and the nagellum with dense
stiff pale pubescence. Thorax smooth, with fulvous pubescence ;
a line on the apical half of the pronotum and the radical callosities
stramineous ; metathorax sparsely punctate, except at the centre
and apex of the metanotum. Sciitellum and postscutellum
stramineous. Abdomen strongly arid closely punctate with the
anus smooth; central segments laterally flavescent ; the four
basal segments rufo-testaceous with the apices of the second to
fourth narrowly black ; remaining segments black, with the apex
of the sixth, most of the seventh and two transverse spots on the
fourth, pale navous ; terebra as long as the abdomen (5 millim.).
Anterior legs pale navous, with the femora somewhat darker.
Wings hyaline, with the nervures and stigma black ; tegulae
stramineous ; areolet shortly but distinctly petiolate.

Length 9 millim.

SIKKIM (Bingham, type) ; CEYLON : Kandy, vii. 09 and ii. 10
(E. E. Green, 0. S. Wickwar).

In the three Ceylon specimens the head and thorax are very
strongly nitidulous and very sparsely, though distinctly, punctate
and pilose, with the notauli fine ; the scrobes are large and extend
nearly to the ocelli ; the face is exactly quadrate and, like the very
strongly discrete clypeus, entirely pale stramineous : the cheeks

200 ICHKEUMOXIDJE.

are obsolete and the deplanate mandibles mainly whitish ; the
metathoracic spiracles are circular and somewhat large, the meta-
notum is evenly convex, with large punctures and no carinse ; the
abdomen is strongly punctate throughout, with conspicuous
tubercles; the basal segment is hardly longer than broad, with
the sides margined but the disc not carinate : the four basal seg-
ments, except the apices of the apical three, are entirely bright
castaneous, with no flavous tinge ; the sixth and seventh segments
alone are apically broadly, and the anterior legs entirely, pale
stramineous ; the tarsal claws are strongly locate ; the second
recurrent nervure emitted from the apex of the strongly
oblique areolet, and the basal is subcontinuous through the
median.

137. Exeristes nigroscutis, Cam. t

Charitopimpla nif/roscutts, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 98 ($ ).

A black species, with immaculate scutellum. Head smooth and
shining ; face except a broad line attenuated above on its apical
two-thirds, base of the mandibles, and the palpi, pale flavous.
Antennff : flagellum with short, stiff, dense pubescence. Thorav
smooth and shining, with a short line on apex of the prouotum
^ale flavous ; metathorax less closely punctate laterally. Scutellum
distinctly, but not closely, punctate, black. Abdomen closely and
strongly punctate, with the anus suhglabrous ; the four basal seg-
ments rufo-testaceous, with the apices of the second to fourth and
the anus black, and the apices of the sixth and seventh narrowly
flavous ; terebra shorter than abdomen and about half the length
of the body (5 millim.). Leys: anterior pairs pale flavous, with a
fulvescent tinge ; hind pair rufo-fulvous throughout. Wings
hyaline, with the nervures and stigma black ; tegul® pale
flavous ; areolet small, triangular, oblique and shortly petiolate,
emitting the recurrent nervure from its apex.

Length 10 millim.

SIKKIM (Bingham).

Unknown to me.

138. Exeristes flavipalpis, Cam.

Pimplafai-ipalpis, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 174 ($ $).

c? $ . A black, white-marked species, with the legs mainly red,
coxa? variegated and wings hyaline. Head nitidulous ; the frons
excavate, centrally glabrous, with short white lateral pubescence ;
the lower ocellus bordered with an irregularly crenulated furrow
from which a narrow smooth one extends to the scrobes ; face
strongly and closely punctate, densely white-pilose, with the
epistoma glabrous, nitidulous and subprominent: mandibles closely
rugose basally, palpi flavous. Antenna slender and black, with

201

Fig. 47- — Exeristez flavipalpis, Cam.

the scape flavous beneath and closely punctate. Thorax blackr

with a narrow line on the
pronotum, two elongate tn-
berculiform lateral marks on
the metathorax from its
centre to apex, and the apo-
physes, flavous; mesonotum
glabrous and nitidulous ;
metathorax closely and trans-
versely strigose, more finely
and closely at base and apex ;.
mesopleurae closely punctate,
apicaily rugulosely crenulate ;
metapleura? coarsely punctate
above, npically substrigose.
Scutellum and postscutellum
with flavous markings. Abdo-
men closely punctate, obso-
letely at base of petiole and
anus ; black, the apices of the three basal segments with a subtrian-
gular flavous mark ; the fourth with a laterally dilated band, and
the remainder with large lateral marks, flavous ; venter with broad
stramineous bands ; terebra 2 millim. in length. Legs red, with
the coxae and trochanters black and broadly flavous-marked ; hind
tibiae, tarsi and apices of their femora black, the first with a
stramineous band near the base. Wings hyaline and basallv sub-
infuscate ; stigma and nervures black ; areolet oblique and sub-
petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure from its apical third.
Length 7-11 millim.
ASSAM : Ivhasi Hills (Rothney).
Types <$ $ in the British Museum.

The anterior legs of the tf are paler, with the coxae entirely
flavous, and its white abdominal marks are laterally larger and
continued across the sides. The abdominal coloration and the
size are variable in both sexes.

The position of the present species is a little obscure ; the types
were subsequently referred by their author to the genus
Chrysopimpla, but I am not persuaded that they are not better
placed in Itoplectis, Forst.

139. Exeristes pulchella, sp. n. (Plate I, fig. 7.)

$ . A pretty black and yellow species, with entirely pale legs.
Head strongly constricted behind eyes ; occiput nitidulous, very
finely and sparsely punctate and pubescent, finely bordered
posteriorly ; frons concave, with the scrobes ill-defined and not
large ; face flat, somewhat dull, sparsely punctate, with obsolete
pubescence, entirely white, with the epistoina alone brunneous ;
clypens very strongly and circularly separated, white, with the
apex emarginate, deeply impressed and rufesceut ; mandibles

202 ICHNEUMON ID^E.

blackish, the teeth subobtuse, the upper being a little the longer ;
nil the palpi flavidous, cheeks almost wanting. Antenna sub-
tiliform, hardly longer than half the body, black with the scape
white, and basal flagellar joints rufescent beneath. Thorax black,
shining and somewhat short ; mesonotum obsoletely punctate
with no trace of notauli, a line beneath the radix and an
elongate one before it stramineous ; metathorax finely and not
closely punctate with griseous pubescence, lateral cost* alone
traceable ; spiracles nearly circular and directed upwards.
SciiteUwn, postscutellum entirely, and frenum very narrowly,
bright fhivous. Abdomen subparallel-sided, black, with the whole
of the first segment and the three following broadly in the centre
fulvous, anus white ; basal segment not longer than apically broad,
discally strongly punctate, centrally sulcate and elevated on either
side; the following segments (except at apex) evenly and some-
what strongly punctate, the second with small, and the next two
with large, though not convex, lateral tubercles ; terebra black
and of the same length as the abdomen, with the valvulae not
strongly pilose. Leys navous, with all tarsal claws infuscate and
basally lobate ; hind legs, except trochanters and base of tibiae,
fulvous ; calcaria of equal length and one-third of metatarsus.
Wings normal and hyaline ; radix and tegulae stramineous, costa
and stigma piceous ; areolet subsessile, broadly triangular and
emitting the recurrent nervure almost from its apex ; first re-
current of lower wings opposite and emitting the nervellus
distinctly below centre.

Lenf/th 10 niillim.

SIKKIM, iv.-vi. 1900 (Binyham, type) ; ASSAM ( W. F. Badyley}.

Type in the British Museum.

The Assam specimen, in the British Museum, has the second to
fourth abdominal segments but narrowly pale before their apices.

140. Exeristes carinifrons, Cam.

Pimpla carinifrons, Cameron,* Maiich. Mem. 1899, p. 172 ( $).

$ . A handsome black species, with the scutellum and most of
the legs flavous, and the abdomen white-banded. Head black,
with the palpi stramineous; face strongly punctate, with the
epistoma obtusely carinate and centrally glabrous, pilosity white
and silky ; clypeus, except its strongly punctate base, smooth and
remarkably excavate ; frons broadly arid somewhat deeply concave,
apically glabrous, obscurely shagreened above and stoutly carinate
longitudinally in the centre; inner orbits distinctly margined;
mandibles basally strongly punctate. Antenna black, the scape
with long pale hairs ; flagellum densely clothed with short, stiff,
black pubescence. Thorax black throughout ; mesonotum minutely
punctate, with dense short infuscate pubescence; metathorax
broadly elevated centrally, its centre strongly trans-strigose and
the sides more closely and finely striate, the base glabrous and

EXEKISTES. 203

centrally nitidulous ; propleurae strongly shagreened and finely
strigose towards their apices ; mesopleurae sharply carinate basally,
broadly and obliquely elevated centrally, closely punctate, basally
canaliculate and feebly punctate, with the upper part at the apex
glabrous and the lower finely and closely striate longitudinally,
the extreme apex glabrous behind the crenulation ; metapleurse
closely and longitudinally strigose, becoming stronger apically.
iScutellum flavous and slightly incised roundly at its apex, with
large scattered punctures on its basal slope, and strong rugose
ones on its oblique apical slope ; postscutellum basally oblique,
centrally nitidulous and obsoletely strigose, with its lateral
impressions broad, deep and obscurely creriulate. Abdomen black,
banded with white ; first segment strongly punctate basally,
distinctly aciculate laterally, with the following segments closely
and uniformly punctate ; petiole centrally and subdivergently
biplicate below at the base, and finely strigose transversely at the
apex; terebra 3 millim. in length. Legs: anterior pairs stra-
mineous, the base of the front cox«, the intermediate coxae
and base of their trochanters, excepted ; hind legs black, with a
broad band before base of their tibia? stramineous. Wings uni-
formly f ulvescent-hyaline ; stigma and nervures piceous ; areolet
oblique, coalescent above, emitting recurrent nervure beyond its
centre ; radius apically reflexed ; nervellus intercepted at its
upper fourth.

Length 15 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney}.

Type in the British Museum.

Cameron is a little vague respecting the coloration of the wings
and legs ; the former he at first terms fusco-hyalinis, presumably
throughout, and later " hyaline, the basal half suffused with
fulvous," which is a strange combination; of the legs he says
pedibus anterioribus basique tibiarum postwar um late Jlavis, but
later " the hinder legs black, except the basal half " : nor are
colour details of the abdomen, which is wanting in the type,
indicated.

141. Exeristes pulchrimaculata, Cam.

Pimpla pulchrimaculata, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 20 ( $ ).

$ . Black and broadly flavous-marked. Head glabrous and
nitidulous, flavous, with the occiput broadly, the frons transversely
and a band connecting it with the concolorous ocellar region,
black ; palpi testaceous. Antennce immaculate and nearly as long
as the body. Thorax black ; pronotum with a narrow fiavous
border and the propleurae basally concolorous ; mesonotum with
two central and gradually dilated stripes, extending from the radices
to the anterior margin, flavous ; a large mark on the rnesopleurae,
constricted below, flavous ; mesosternum flavous before the inter-
mediate coxae ; metathorax laterally broadly and sinuately, and the
apophyses, flavous, with a centrally constricted discal black

204 ICHXEUMOMB.T:.

longitudinal fascia ; metapleurae flavous, with an oblique black line
to the spiracles. Scittelhun except apically, and postscutelluin,
flavous. Abdomen black ; basal segment glabrous and nitidulous,
with a broad central pale band, terminating before the apex in a
broad semicircle ; remaining segments closely punctate, with the
anus brunneous; second to fourth segments distinctly and obliquely
impressed, the former also with its basal angles broadly impressed,
beyond which it is flavous. Legs fulvous ; coxae flavous, with the
hind ones broadly in front and more narrowly behind contiguously
black-marked. IVinys hyaline, with an apical violaceous mark,
extending from the costa (metacarpus) to about the same distance
below the cubital (? radial) nervure, the external half of which is
curved ; areolet oblique aud shortly petiolate.

Length 14 millim.

CEYLOX : Trincomali (Col. Yerbury).

Type. Location unknown.

It is really impossible to tell from the above description, taken
direct from that of Cameron (loc. cit.), to what position to assign
this species, since the bare structural features indicated are the
smooth and shining head and basal segment, the antenna) are
vaguely nearly as long as the body, the remainder of the abdomen
closely punctate and transversely impressed with the basal angles
of the second segment obliquely incised, the areolet oblique and
subpetiolate, and the (?) cubital nervure apically sinuate. The
profusely-described coloration possibly allies it to this genus. A
specimen in the Britisli Museum, labelled type bv its author, bears
no resemblance to the description and is a Xanihopimpla.

Genus MIOPHATNUS, Cam.
Miophatnus, Cameron, Tijds. Eiit. 1907, p. 105.

GENOTYPE, M. niyromaculatits, Cam.

Eyes large and parallel ; cheeks distinct ; clypeus obliquely
depressed apically, transverse ; labrum large and rounded; temples
roundly narrowed. Antennae longer than body, densely covered
with stiff, erect hairs. Metanotum coarsely, irregularly and
transversely striate, except at its base, where it is punctate, and
at its apex, where it is subglabrous ; metapleural carinae narrow
and distinct. Abdomen with basal segment smooth, shining and
of equal width throughout. Legs elongate, with the tarsal claws
simple. Areolet large, broad, not constricted anteriorly, penta-
gonal, emitting the recurrent nervure in its centre ; the transverse
median nervure received behind the transverse basal ; first re-
current of hind wings intercepted shortly below its centre ; inner
cubital of front ones entire.

Ramje. Sikkim.

Cameron remarks (I c.) that the areolet is as in the CBYPTINJE
rather than the PIMPLIN.E, and one must consequently suppose
that he inserted this genus in its present position on the con-

MTOPIIATXUS. POLYSPHINCIA. 205

formation of the basal segment, which is but vaguely described.
In Ashmead's arrangement (Proc. TJ. S. Nat. Mus. 1900), this
genus is said by its author to come in near Trevoria, in fact
there is nothing in Cameron's description, given above, to exclude
it therefrom, except that he places it in the PIMPLINI, and Trevoria
is considered by Ashmead to belong to the LISSONOTINI. It' one
admits ICHNEUMONID^; with the areolet pentagonal into the
PIMPLINJE, it becomes in a very great many instances extremely
difficult to draw the line between that subfamily and the CRYPTIN.E,
since the only remaining character of value must be sought in the
sessility of the abdomen, a feature of such infinitely minute and
numerous modifications in various genera as to be simply be-
wildering. I allow Miopliatnus to remain here, however, since
the basal segment appears to be unusually sessile and, in its case,
no doubt seems possible respecting its location.

142. Miophatnus nigromaculatus, Cam.

Miophatnus nigromaculatus, Cameron, Tijcls. Ent. 1907, p. 105 (d").

A pale sulphur-yellow species, with black markings. Head
with the apices of the basally distinctly punctate mandibles, centre
of frons and occiput broadly and continuously, black ; face dis-
tinctly punctate. Antennae, except the underside of scape, black.
Thorax with the closely and somewhat strongly punctate mesonotum
basally and laterally, and an irregular band on the centre of meta-
notum, broadly black ; the latter with elongate and infuscate
pilosity, the striations stout, centrally sinuate and becoming
laterally reticulate ; propleura? smooth, mesopleurae irregularly
punctate below and obsoletely aciculate centrally, metapleurae
strongly but not closely punctate. Scutellum somewhat sparsely
punctate, apically with the postscutellum entirely black. Abdomen
with the base of all the segments, more than the basal half of the
three first, black ; second and third segments closely but not
strongly punctate. Legs fulvous and paler basally, with the apices
of the hind coxae broadly and irregularly black, as are also the
posterior tarsi. Winc/s hyaline, with the stigma and nervures
blackish.

Length 13 millim.

SIKKIM (Binyhani).

Unknown to me.

Genus POLYSPHINCTA, Grav.
Polysphincta, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 112.
GENOTYPE, Ichneumon percontatorius, Mull.

Head shortly transverse, usually nitidulous, not buccate, but
;enerally distinctly narrowed posteriorly ; frons deplanate and
lightly impressed above the antennae ; eyes prominent and oval,

206 ICKXEUMONID.E.

more or less emarginate next the scrobes ; face subprotuberaut
and narrower than the frons, a little constricted towards the
mouth; cheeks short and not at all buccate; clypeus discrete,
convex, apicallv broadly rounded and usually finely margined
though not impressed ; mandibles somewhat narrow and gradually
dilated basally, with the lower tooth usually somewhat the
shorter; maxillary palpi subelongate, with the three apical joints
subequal in length. Antennae short or of normal length, slender
and filiform, though slightly attenuate apically ; scape nearly
entire apically or n. little excised externally at the apex ; basal
flagellar joint somewhat elongate, cylindrical, and the apical one
conical, sometimes double the length of the penultimate. Thorax
gibbulous, longer than high, and narrower than the head ; pleurse
smooth and nitidulous ; epomia distinct ; mesonotum ovate, with
distinct apical notauli; metathorax with the areas complete,
obsolete or wanting ; areola sometimes finely delineated, petiolar
area very small and often entire ; spiracles circular and minute.
Scutellum subquadrate or subtriangular, apically obtuse and a
little convex. Abdomen sessile, or rarely subsessile, as broad as,
and twice as long as the thorax, oblong or cylindrical ; epipleura?
subobsolete ; basal segment either subquadrate or a little longer
than broad, rai-ely basally subconstricted, more or less distinctly
bicarinate and transversely impressed before the apex, with the
tubercles near the base ; segments two to four or five transversely
impressed and tuberculate, with the elevations nitidulous, and
more or less punctate : the sixth and seventh of $ with the
venter longitudinally cleft ; terebra normally or shortly exserted,
never longer than the abdomen and rarely longer than its half ;
spicula strongly acuminate, with the valvulae elongately pilose.
Legs normal or slender, with the femora somewhat stout ; apical
joint of the hind tarsi usually dilated, longer and broader than
the penultimate, with the claws stout, and in $ basally lobate ;
the hind tibire longer than their femora, with short and subequnl
calcaria. Wings normal or ample ; areolet wanting or obsolete,
never entire ; radial cell sublanceolate ; first recurrent of lower
wings either slightly curved and not intercepted, or distinctly
bent and emitting a more or less distinct nervellus.

Range. Ceylon, Europe, North America, Venezuela.

The genus was originally distinguished from Pimpla, which it
resembles in facies, by the lack of the areolet. Holmgren found,
however, that, although it resembled Pimpla in the abdominal
conformation, the terebra was as a rule shorter, and the clypeus,
besides being more convex, was not, or very rarely deflexed, never
impressed, though very often margined before its apex.

The species of this genus appear to be almost or quite exclu-
sively ectoparasites of the Arachnida, and several very interesting
and economically important notices have been published respecting
their development. In spite of what Eatzeburg and Howard
(' Insect Life,' 1888, p. 42) have said to the contrary, we may,
I think, assume, that it is invariably the spiders themselves,

POLYSPHIKCTA. 207

and neither their eggs nor their webs, which are attacked by
Polyspldncta.

1 cannot pretend to describe the insect figured by Green
(' Science Gossip,' 1888, p. 160, $ ), since it is evidently distinct
from that brought forward by Ashmead, and appeal's from its
neuration to belong to Acrodactyla, though it has been referred
to Forster's subgenus Zatypota (' Insect Life,' 1895, p. 279).
This figure represents the imago magnified, thus described : —
" Colour black ; a reddish patch upon the thorax ; scutellum and
attachment of wings yellowish. AntennaB multiarticulate, basal
joint reddish. Legs yellowish, tarsi of hind pair and terminal
joints of first and second pairs blackish. Wings covered with
minute hairs. Segments of abdomen with symmetrical rounded
prominences."

Length 5 millim. ; expanse 9| millim.

It appears to be common in Ceylon, where "the spicier usuallv
attacked" is said by Dr. Marx to belong to the genus Chrisso,.
Camb. ; and the females alone fall victims on account of their
larger size. " The egg is fixed to the abdomen of the spider close
to its junction with the cephalothorax." The larva occupies
forty-eight hours in cocoon-spinning, after devouring the spider.

But one Indian species has yet been described.

143. Polysphincta ceylonica, AsJim.

Polysphincta ceylonica, Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1890. p. 645

(?)•

$. Black, glabrous, and strongly nitidulous. Head: palpi
and mandibles white. Antennce: scape red beneath. Thorax:

mesopleura? red ; metanotum
longitudinally bicarinate in the
centre. Scutellum red. Legs
white, with a spot at apices of
the hind tibi® and their tarsi,
except the first joint towards its
base, infuscate. Wings hyaline;
tegulae white ; stigma and ner-
vures piceous.

, '< |*j : Length 4 millim. (Ashmead).

\\\ j I uiay add that the ineso-

F w \ sternum is also dull rufescent>

the scutellum unusually convexr
the antenna strongly pilose, the
basal segment but slightly longer
- 48. than apically broad and strongly

ta ceylonica, Ashm. bicarinate discally throughout,

with the following segments

crenulately trans-impressed before their elevated apices, the hind
tibia3 are not always apically iufuscate, and the distinctly reflexecl
and pilose terebra is shorter than the basal segment.

<>08 ICIINEUMOMDjE.

CEYLON: Pundaliinya (E. E. Green).

Type in the United States National Museum.

Ash mead thus shortly describes a sinele female, reared from an
unspecified spider at Pundaluova, in Ceylon; he adds that it is
type No. 3260 in the United States National Museum, which is a
necessary observation, considering the paucity of his description.
I have, however, seen a single female agreeing in every way with
such points as are indicated ; it was bred from a larva preying
-externally upon a spider in Ceylon by Mr. Green, who also sent
me the ver\r slight cocoon of brown strands on a grass stem,
whence the imago emerged. It is a similar species, especially in
the remarkable distance at which the second recurrent is emitted
from the obsolete transverse submarginal nervure, to P. tuberosa,
Grrav., though much smaller, with the abdomen less linear, the
rterebra shorter and the legs paler.

Genus CJENOPIMPLA, Cam.

C<enopimpla, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1900, p. 99.

(?) Neopimpla, Ash mead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 56.

GENOTYPE, C. rujicollis, Cam.

Clypeus not discrete from face ; mandibles unidentate, with
the tooth acuminate and somewhat elongate. Notauli distinct
and deeplv impressed ; metathorax clearly and completely areated ;
areola longer than broad and laterally oblique at its base ;
spiracles small and circular ; metapleurae strongly rugose ; meso-
notum finely trans-strigose anteriorly. Scutellum slightly convex,
rugosely punctate, and apically constricted, with its side carinate.
Abdomen longitudinally striate, broadly and transversely im-
pressed, with the fifth segment centrally carinate; basal segment
laterally carinate above and below, centrally elevated and bicarinate,
with the spiracles exactly in the centre, subim punctate. Legs
normal, with the claws simple, the front tarsi basally incised, and
the hind trochanters and tibial bases white. Wings transversely
bifasciate ; external nervure of areolet wanting, the interior
short ; the internal cubital sharply and obliquely sloped before
areolet ; basal and apicnl absciss® of radius oblique ; basal
nervure pellucid ; stigma large.

Range. Assam ; ? Africa.

" A distinct and somewhat isolated genus. It is easily known
by the absence of an areolet, by the parapsidal furrows, and by
the areolated metathorax. Its general coloration, form, and
spotted wings, give it the appearance of a Hemiteles " (Cameron,
7. c.). Neopimpla, as shortly diagnosed in Ashmead's table (I. c.),
appears to differ in nothing but its oval or elliptic metathoracic
spiracles; the terebra is shorter than the abdomen and the
areolet wanting ; the eyes are nude and internally hardly
emarginate ; it is recorded from Africa, but the species are not
-described. As remarked above, the type strongly resembles

C-ENOPIMPLA. — GLYPTOPIMPLA. 209

members of the Cryptic! genus Nemiteles, especially in the form-
ation of the areolar uervures ; the rugose abdomen, with its broad
and centrally spiraculate basal segment, however, renders a
position in the PIMPLIX.E more natural.

144. Caenopimpla ruficollis, Cam.

Caenopimpla rufaollis, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1900, p. 99 (tf ).

c? . A small black species, with the thorax partly red, the
anterior legs testaceous and the wings bifasciate. Head immacu-
late black ; face and clypeus closely and rugosely punctate, with
short white pilosity ; clypeus apically rounded, depressed and
margined; mandibles piceous, with their centre, like the elongate
palpi, flavescent. Antenna; black and dense!}' clothed with short
stiff black pubescence ; scape brunneous. Thorax red, with its
sternum, mesopleura? below, and the metathorax black ; meso-
notum closely, and metathorax distinctly, punctate ; pro- and
meso-pleurae closely punctate and centrally strigose, with the latter
apically glabrous above ; metapleursB strongly rugose. Scutellum
red. Abdomen black, with the apices of the two basal segments,
and dense anal pilosity, white ; central petiolar carinse not
extending to apex, with the sides finely punctate; transverse
impression of fourth segment broader and more strongly sinuate
than that of the third; that of the fifth broad and sinuate.
Leys black, with the anterior, except at coxal base, testaceous ;
hind trochanters and base of tibiae white. Wings hyaline, with
an infuscate fascia extending across the disc from the base of the
basal nervure and a second, a little broader, across the disc from
near the base of the infuscate stigma.

Length 5 millim.

ASSART : Khasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

Genus GLYPTOPIMPLA, gen. nov.

In order to define this genus it is only necessary to say that I
here erect it for the reception of insects agreeing in every way
with those of the genus Glypta, Grav.-, excepting in the possession
of the alar areolet, and, perhaps, but to a much lesser degree,
distinct mesouotal uotauli. JN'o satisfactory subdivision of the
genus Glypta, which could conscientiously be regarded as generic,
has yet been enunciated (with the possible exception of Cono-
Uasta and DiblastomorpJia, Forst., distinct solely in the possession
of one or two frontal horns respectively), and it seems hardly
desirable to expand a genus, one of whose principal features has
ever been the lack of an areolet, to include also the following
insect, which, discovered in a very little worked district, may be
shortly followed by many congeners ; for such an assembly would
render Gliipta, with its present 125 species, utterly unwieldy.

210

The areolet in this genus resembles that of Lissonota, rather than
that of Pimpla, but I have adopted the shorter name.

145. Glyptopimpla prima, sp. n.

cf. A linear, black and flavous species. Bead posteriorly
narrow, with no frontal horn ; black, with the clypeus and, except
at their apices, mandibles flavous. Antenna1 filiform, as long as
the body ; black, with the scape internally convex and flavous.
TJiorax with distinct mesouotal notauli ; black, with the pro-
sternum, sides of mesosternum, an elongate line before and a dot
below the radices, and the apophysal areae narrowly, flavous ;
roetanotum distinctly and not very closely punctate, centrally
bicarinate and emitting costulae at its centre ; apophyses wanting
petiolar area very short, with its basal carina strongly elevated ;
spiracles small and circular. Scutellum deplanate and black, with
its sides and apex broadly, and the postscutellum, flavous,
Abdomen parallel-sided, dull and black, with the apices or apical
angles of the posterior segments indistinctly flavescent ; basal
segment discally bicariuate to near its apex, with the following
segments sulcately and triangularly impressed; venter flavous,
with the three basal segments plicate. Legs slender and flavous,
with only dots at the apices of the hind trochanters and femora,
at apex and before base of their tibiae, and the whole hind tarsiT
infuscate ; claws finely pectinate. Wings hyaline and not broadT
with the areolet entire and petiolate ; nervellus intercepted near
its bottom.

Length 7 millim.

SIKKIM : Kurseong, 5000 ft., viii. 08.

Type in Indian Museum.

I have only seen the type of this species, but the areolet is so
regular in its conformation and symmetrical in both wings that
it can hardly be an aberration.

Genus GLYPTA, Grav.
Glypta, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 3.
GENOTYPE, G. teres, Grav.

Head distinctly transverse, more or less strongly contracted
behind the oval eyes ; frons sometimes with cornigerous excres-
cences, vertex narrow ; clypeus convex, apically rounded or sub-
truncate, sometimes densely pilose apically and nearly always
indistinctly discrete from the usually prominent epistoma ; genal
costa continuous. Antennas slender and filiform, about the length
of the body. Thorax stout and gibbulous ; notauli indistinct ;
tnetathoracic areas complete, obsolete or wanting; petiolar area
semicircular, usually entire, but with the basal carina sometimes
deficient ; apophyses obsolete, spiracles small and subcircular.
Scutellum convex and triangular, apically obtuse, and rarely pale-

GLYPTA. 211

marked. Abdomen sessile, dorsally deplanate and somewhat,
shining, linear or sublanceolate, with the three apical segments
becoming gradually narrower; often centrally, or with the
central segments apically, red; basal segment a little curved,
laterally margined, with more or less elongate and evident discal
cariuae, and spiracles close to its base ; second to fourth segments
with epipleurae inflexed and always with two oblique and linear
impressions, rising from the apical angles and coalescing at or
converging towards the centre of the base ; apical ventral segment
incised apically and not retracted ; terebra varying from a little
shorter than the abdomen to much longer than the body ; valvulse
of c? incrassate and apically obtuse, rarely narrower with the
apex subacuminate. Legs somewhat slender, nearly always with
the hind femora red, their tibiae very often black, and white at
the base ; hind calcaria of unequal length ; fifth tarsal joint
usually longer than the fourth, their claws generally sparsely and
finely but distinctly pectinate, sometimes simple. Wings some-
what narrow and not large, with no areolet ; first recurrent
nervure of hind wings intercepted below the centre.

Range. Europe, North and South Africa, Malay Archipelago,
Japan, North America, Chile, Himalayas.

This genus is instantly known by the very conspicuous oblique
abdominal impressions, a feature found also only in Lycorina,
Holing., and the following genus Apophua, among ICHNETJMONIDJE.
Similar linear impressions are found in the genus Bassus, etc., but
in that case they are directly transverse and not duplicated as in
the present genus.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Second and third abdominal segments not

discally carinate nigrina, Desv.

2 (1) Second and third abdominal segments discally

carinate tricarinata, Cam.

146. Glypta nigrina, Desv.

Glypta nigrina, Desvignes, Cat. p. 74 ( § ) : Bridgman, Trans.

Norfolk Soc. v, p. 71 ; Morley, Ichn. Brit, iii, p. 161 ( d1 $ ).
Glypta flavipes, Desvignes, Cat. p. 75 ( c? ) ; Bridgman, Ent. Mo.

Mag. 1890, p. 208($).
Glypta nursei, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xiv,

1902, p. 425 (c?).

cJ $ . An entirely black species, with the legs, clypeus, and
anteradical callosities pale. Head constricted behind the eyes,
black, with the clypeus, mandibles, and palpi bright flavous ; face
with long and dense, clypeus with very short, silvery pubescence ;
fronss imple; epistoma not prominent, nor clypeus discrete;
cheeks as long as width of mandibles at base. Antennae as long
as the body, shorter in $ ; scape infuscate, of <$ sometimes
flavous beneath ; flagellum black, fulvous or rufescent, and often

p2

212 ICHNEUMON1D.E.

pale testeceous beneath. Thorax black, with an often elongate
flavous callosity before the radix, notauli wanting ; metathorax
convex, distinctly and not very closely punctate, with all the
area? distinct ; areola elongate, hexagonal, and emitting distinct
costulse from its centre ; petiolar area subvertical, very short and
distinctly carinate basally ; pleurae punctate and nitidulous.
Scutellum immaculate and evenly
punctate, with its frenuin and that
of the postscutellum usually flaves-
cent. Abdomen punctate and shin-
ing, as broad as inetathorax, black,
with the oblique impressions deep ;
second and third segments sub-
quadrate, and apically often obscurely
rufescent; the fifth and following
nitidulous; carinae of the elongate
basal segment of variable extent,
often nearly reaching its apex,
which is obtusely angled; terebra
a little shorter than the abdomen.

Fig &.-Gtgpta nigrina, Desv. Le<Js fulvous> h»ld ones »d ' Jnterior
coxa? and trochanters of rf flavous ;

bases of the apically subinfuscate

hind tibia), and sometimes of the darker tarsal joints, obscurely
white ; fifth hind tarsal joint a little longer than the fourth.
Wings with the stigma testaceous or ferruginous, radix and tegulae
pale ; first recurrent of lower wing opposite and intercepted at
its lower third.

Length 8-9 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, 7000 ft., ix. 98 (Col Nurse) ; SIKKIM : Bun-
garum, 5700 ft., iv. & v. 1900 (Col. Binyham), Darjiling, 6000 ft.,
ix. 08 (E. Brunetti-^Ind. Mus.).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Col. Nurse has -allowed me to examine the male, described by
Cameron, and no doubt can remain respecting the synonymy ;
and there is another, purporting to be the type, from the same
locality, in the British Museum. Three identical males, in the
British Museum, taken by Col. Bingham at Etingarum, differ in
nothing but their darker antenna? from specimens I have found
in my house in Suffolk.

147. Glypta tricarinata, Cam.

Glypta tricarinata, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1908, p. 41 ( $ ).

$. Black. Head with the mandibles, palpi, and the smooth
clypeus, bright flavous ; face irregularly and transversely aciculate,
laterally irregularly punctate ; frons somewhat strongly, vertex
sparsely and feebly, punctate. Pronotum with an apical triangular
bright flavous mark, its pleurae closely punctate, except beneath ;

GLTPTA. — APOPHUA. 213

apical half of the mesonotum closely and finely reticulate, the basal
with distinct punctation ; mesopleurae closely punctate, except
basaliy above ; metanotutn more finely punctate basaliy than
centrally ; lateral arese large, with distinct costulae separating the
smaller and square basal, from the longer than broad apical, areae ;
areola distinct, elongate, and narrower than the lateral areae ;
petiolar area rugulosely punctate ; metapleurae distinctly carinate,
more strongly and closely punctate than the mesopleurae, becoming
apically substrigose above. Scutellum strongly and closely punctate.
Abdomen with the oblique impressions broad and deeply impressed,
the four basal segments closely and somewhat strongly punctate,
and the first three discally longitudinally carinate ; basal segment
laterally carinate in the centre on either side of the disc, and
bearing a narrow basal testaceous line ; apices of the two following
segments similarly marked with testaceous, and a short apical
testaceous line on either side of the fourth ; terebra half the
length of the body. Legs fulvous ; anterior coxae and trochanters
stramineous ; front femora subflavescent ; hind legs with the
coxae red, trochanters bright flavous, femora blackish and internally
paler, tibiae testaceous and apically black, tarsi darker testaceous
and apically blackish. Wings hyaline, with stigma and nervures
black.

Length 19 millim.

SIKKTAI (Col. Biiujham).

Unknown to me.

Genus APOPHUA, gen. nov.

GENOTYPE, A. carinata, Mori.

Head distinctly transverse and strongly constricted behind the
oval eyes ; frons simple, vertex very narrow ; clypeus strongly
convex and small, apically rounded, pilose and indistinctly discrete
from the subprominent epistoma ; mandibles stout, with equal
teeth. Antennae slender and filiform, about the length of the
body. Thorax not very stout ; mesonotum deplanate, with very
indistinct notauli ; metathoracic areae complete but indistinct ;
basal area small, areola elongate, with costulae ; petiolar area
entire but with the basal carina weak ; spiracles small and sub-
circular. Scutellum convex and triangular, sometimes pale.
Abdomen sessile, dorsally deplanate and entirely dull, linear or
snblanceolate, with the apical segments becoming gradually nar-
rower ; central segments apically pale ; basal segment hardly
curved, laterally margined, with elongate and conspicuous discal
carinae, and spiracles close to the base ; apical ventral segment
incised apically and not retracted ; terebra a little shorter than
the abdomen ; valvulae of c? incrassate and apically obtuse. Legs
somewhat short and slender ; hind calcaria of unequal, the inter-
mediate of equal, length ; front tibiae with but a single calcar,
which is basaliy sinuate, apically strongly attenuate and acuminate
and extends nearly to the apex of the metatarsus; fifth tarsal

214 ICHXEUMONIJXI:.

joint distinctly longer than the fourth, the claws sparsely and
finely but distinctly pectinate. Wings somewhat narrow and of
normal length, with no areolet ; first recurrent nervure of hind
wing intercepted below the centre.

Mange. Assam, Ceylon, Sikkim, Shanghai.

This genus is closely allied to Glypta in its oblique abdominal
incisions and general conformation, but the segments are basally
broader, with their spiracles prominent, the sculpture is altogether
coarser, and, above all, it is at once distinguished from any
Ichneumonidous genus with which I am acquainted by the
unique structure of the front calcaria, a modification suggesting
an association in life with some unusually glutinous substance,
necessitating extraordinary powers for cleansing the mouth parts.
A similar structure has since become known to me in the following
genus.

I have seen two, somewhat doubtfully distinct, Indian species
of this genus ; and, in the British Museum, is a third, collected
at Shanghai by Mr. Fortune and presented in 1854.

Table of Species.

1 (t?) Scutellum flavous and nitidulous ; frcms

shining1 carinata, sp. n.

2 (1) Scutellum black and rugose ; irons closely

punctate metopiiformis, sp. n.

148. Apophua metopiiformis, sp. n.

c? . A dull black species, with the mouth, small callosities
before radix, base of the first and apices of the three basal seg-
ments, and the legs, pale ; the head coarsely sculptured
throughout, the immaculate scutellum
and metathorax rugose, and the hind
femora, tarsi, and apices of their tibia3
infuscate.

Length 10 millim.
SIKKIM, iv.-vi. 1900 (Col. Bing-
Jiam).

Type in the British Museum.
This species is obviously congeneric
with A. carinata and may possibly
constitute its male, though it is al-
together a little stouter and larger,
the head is much more roughly sculp-
tured, with the vertex dull and some-
Fig. 50. Apophua metopii- what closely punctate, the scutellum

formis, Mori. is very rugosely punctate, more con-

vex and immaculate, with the frenum

alone pale ; the anteradical callosities are much shorter, the areola
of the more rugose metanotum is apically truncate; the basal
segment with a strong central carina, and the anus is immaculate

APOPHUA. 215

black from the third segment. In short, the sculpture is more
pronounced and the pale markings less profuse, which is rarely
the case in the males of these parasites. In superficial facies,
it somewhat resembles members of the genus Metopius, Panz.

149. Apophua carinata, sp. n.

2 . A dull black species, with scutellutn and all the segmeutal
apices flavous. Head black and strongly constricted behind the
prominent and entire eyes ; frons and vertex nitidulous, with a
few isolated punctures ; face irregularly transversely strigose-
pimctate ; clypeus hardly broader than long, shining, flavous and
subglabrous : mandibles flavous, margined below, with their teeth
black and equal. Antenna; filiform, black, with the scape testa-
ceous internally and beneath. Thorax black, with the prouotum
centrally, and elongate callosities thence to the radices, flavous ;
mesonotum closely and coriaceously punctate, triangular, with
the notauli obsolete ; metathorax more finely punctate, with
elongate griseous pilosity ; basal areas small and quadrate ; areola
twice as long as broad, parallel-sided, apically emarginate, emitting
the costula3 from before its centre ; petiolar area short, entire,
and shining. Scutettum flavous throughout, sparsely punctate and
strongly nitidulous : postscutellum and frenum immaculate.
Abdomen dull, longitudinally and irregularly striolate, with apices
of all the segments testaceous and their centre distinctly carinatp
to apex of the fourth ; basal segment half as long again as broad,
evenly punctate, basally flavous and bicarinate to the emarginate
apex ; terebra as long as abdomen. Leys testaceous, the hind
ones missing, except their red coxa3. Winys hyaline, with the
tegulse and costae black, radix flavous and stigma piceous.

Length Qk millim.

ASSAM :~Khasi Hills, 1000-3000 ft., iii. 07 (Pusa coll.);
CKYLON : Maskeliya, iii. 09 (T. Bainbrigge Fletcher).

Type in the Pusa collection.

The above description is drawn from two females. The Ceylon
specimen agrees exactly with the type, except in the possession
of an entirely pale red metathorax and in having the first
segment more broadly red basally.

Tribe LISSONOTIDES.

Xo hesitation can be experienced respecting the representatives
of this tribe, for they are all very easily distinguished by negative
characters. The head is transverse and not cubical, as in the
XOKIDIDES ; the abdomen is evenly sculptured, usually finely
punctate or coriaceous, throughout, and not at all impressed nor
tuberculate as in the PIMPLIDES ; the basal segment, though
slender, is not subpetiolate as in the HEMIG AST RIDES, nor are its

216

spiracles beyond the centre ; the hypopygium does not reach the
anus nor cover the base of the terebra, although in Lampronota
it has distinct indications of such a modification, and in my
'Ichneumons of Britain ' I placed that genus in proximity to the
ACLEXITIDES ; and the areolet is triangular or oblique and small
or wanting, never rhomboidal as in the BAXCHIDES.

Table of Genera.

1 (10) Areolet distinct, though rarely

apically incomplete ; notauli
superficial.

2 (•'») Front tibiae unicalcarate : clypeus Pp. 216.

not discrete STICTOLISSONOTA, Cam.,

3 (-2) Front tibia? bicalcarate ; cl}-peus

baaally discrete.

4 (11) Metathoracic spiracles circular ;

areolet sessile or subpetiolate.
6 ((>) Abdomen subpetiolate and glab-
rous ; areolet transverse. ..... PHYTODIJETUS, Grav.,p. 218.

6 (5) Abdomen subsessile and not gla-

brous ; areolet not broader than
high.

7 (8) Nervellus emitted far above [p. 221.

centre ; antennae slender PHYTODI^ETOIDES, gen. nov.,

8 (7) Xervellus emitted at or below

centre ; antennas normal.

9 (10) Body stout and pilose ; nervelet

distinct ALLOPLASTA, Fiirst., p. 222.

10 (9) Body slender and subglabrous j

nervelet wanting LISSONOTA, Grav., p. 224%

11 (4) Metathoracic spiracles elongate ;

areolet distinctly and often
elongately petiolate.

12 (13) Tarsal claws pectinate; clypeus

prominent CTENOPIMPLA, Cam., p. 231.

13. (12) Taraal claws simple ; clypeus not
prominent.

14 (15) Radius not curved above the

apically incomplete areolet . . MEYVA, Cam., p. 232.

15 (14) Radius curved above the apically

complete areolet '. SYZKUCTUS, Fiirst., p. 234.

10 (1) Areolfitentirely wanting; notauli

deeply impressed LAMPROXOTA. Hal., p. 240.

Genus STICTOLISSONOTA, Cam.
itictolissonota, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 106.

GENOTYPE, S.foveata, Cam.

Clypeus not discrete from face and apically rounded, with a
deep and distinct rounded impression, which is longer than broad,
above its centre ; cheek distinct and as long as the pedicle.
Antennao longer than the body, slender, with the basal flagellar
joints elongate, and the seventh and eighth from apex dilated.

STICTOLISSOXOTA. 217

Metathorax large and apically rounded, closely and uniformly
punctate, with no area? ; spiracles small and oval; metapleural
carinse distinct. Abdomen short and not much longer than the
thorax ; three basal segments strongly and closely punctate ; the
first sessile and broad, longer than the second and roundly dilated
basally ; anus truncate and laterally compressed, with no distinct
hypopygium. Legs elongate, with the apices of the joints spinose ;
front tibia? with hut a single calcai', long, slender and more than,
half the length of the metatarsus ; claws closely pectinate.
Areolet sessile, emitting the recurrent nervure beyond its centre ;
the transverse median nervure received shortly beyond the trans-
verse basal ; hind wings with the first recurrent nervure inter-
cepted near the bottom.

Ranye. Sikkim.

The single calcar, pectinate claws, the conformation of the
clypeus, etc., indicate a relationship between this genus and my
ApopJnta, from which the entire areolet and the abdominal con-
formation will easily distinguish it. Its author says (L c.) : —
" The type of this genus looks moi'e like a. Cryptid than a PimplicL
It should be readily known by the strongly punctured basal
abdominal segments, with the first roundly difated at the base ;
the known species of LISSONOTINI have the abdomen smooth and
shining, at the most shagreened. The absence of lateral impressed
lines on abdominal segments 2-5 separates it from the PIMPLIM,
"with which it agrees in having the segments punctured ; but it has
a much more slender form, with much longer and more slender
antenna?. The long, slender, white-banded antenna? add con-
siderably to its resemblance to a, Cryptid." Though this genus
and the preceding appear to fall most naturally into different
divisions of the PlMPLTtfJE, their similar modifications of structure
are very remarknble and show them to be not distantly allied
forms.

150. Stictolissonota foveata, Cam.

Stidolissonotafoveata, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 107 (? ).

$ . A black species, with flavescent markings. Head closely
and distinctly punctate ; cheeks, mandibles (except apically), the
sparsely punctate clypeus (except laterally), and " the sides of the
face broadly, the mark obliquely narrowed to a point above the
antennae, the mark as wide as the black central part," flavous ;
palpi fulvous and basally paler. Antennce covered with dense,
obsolete pubescence ; scape broadly at the apex, and the eighth to
sixteenth nagellar joints, white. Tliorax with two large hamate
marks on the strongly punctate mesonotum, proplenra? broadly
below, callosities beneath all the radices, and "a large mark,
longer than wide, transverse above and at the sides, roundly
dilated in the middle below,'' the position of which is not indicated
by the author, flavous : metathorax closelv punctate, its sides and

218 ICHXEUMOX1D.E.

apex with dense silvery pubescence. Scutellum flavous. Abdomen
with the two basal, and the basal two-thirds of the third, segments
closely and strongly punctate ; the apical ones shining and very
smooth ; the apices of the three basal segments broadly, of the
fifth narrowly in the centre and the whole of the sixth, with base
of the first broadly and the cerci, flavous ; terebra one-fourth the
length of the body (2 millira.). Legs red, the anterior paler and
f ulvescent with their coxa3 and trochanters flavous ; apices of the
hind coxae, femora and tibia?, together with the base of the
flavescent tarsi, black. Wings clear hyaline, with the nervures
and stigma black, and tegulae flavous ; second recurrent nervure
broadly fenestrated and emitted near the apex of the areolet.

Leivjili S inillim.

SIKKIM (Bhigham).

Unknown to me.

Genus PHYTODIJETUS, G'rav. (emend.).
Phytodietus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. ii, 1829, p. 929.

GENOTYPE, P. corypJweus, Grav.

Body smooth and graceful, not strongly and elongately pilose.
Antenua3 as long as body, more or less slender, with the apical
joints cylindrical and not discrete. Xotauli often anteriorly
distinct, metathoracic costa3 entirely wanting, raetapleur* longi-
tudinally subsulcate near the quite circular spiracles. Scutellum
somewhat convex and usually pale-marked ; frenum pale. Abdo-
men smooth, with a shining bloom and not punctate, often with
tlie segments pale-margined ; anus usually subcom pressed ; hypo-
pygium retracted ; basal segment convex and not carinate ;
*piracles of the second close to the lateral margin ; terebra longer
than half, but not the whole, abdomen. Tibiae spinulose, with
their calcaria elongate ; tarsal claws very closely and distinctly
pectinate. Areolet broad and obliquely triangular, emitting the
recurrent nervure from hardly before its apex ; nervellus inter-
cepting below the centre, sometimes at the lower angle.

Rawje. Europe, Central America, Trinidad, Canada, Sikkim,
Ceylon.

Gravenhorst placed this genus in the CEYPTIX^, along with
Mesoclwrus and Plectiscus, which are now regarded as OPUIOXIXJE.
But his genus has been considerably subdivided by subsequent
authors and only three of the original twelve species and the
anomalous P. corvinus are now retained therein. Their subf usiform
abdomen and thorax, attenuated basal segment and slender legs
certainly ally them with the CRYPTIX^, while the occasionally
subcompressed anus resembles that of the BAXCHIDES ; they are,
in particular, very liable to be mistaken for the Tryphonine
Jlltsoleius, from which it is difficult to instance any male distinction,
though the females are rendered obvious by their exserted terebra.

PHYTODIJEXUS.

219

The genus, as a whole, is in need of revision, owing to inaccu-
racies arising from lack of structural distinctions and the in-
stability of coloration, upon which too much reliance has formerly
been placed.

Table of Species.

1 (-2) First abdominal segment not basally

explanate corypheeus, Grav.

2 (1) First abdominal segment distinctly

explanate basally capu<e, sp. n.

151. Phytodiaetus coryphaeus, 9mv.

Phutodietus cori/pfueus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. ii, 1829, p. 945,
excl. var. 3 ; Taschenberg, Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1863, p. 292 (?) ;
Schmiedeknecht, Zool. Jahr. 1900, p. 340 ; Morley, Iclm. Brit,
iii, 1908, p. 243 (d1 $).

d $ . Head not very narrow behind the eyes ; epistoma a little
prominent ; $ with palpi and mandibles (except apically) testa-
ceous, clypeus ferruginous and the orbits flavous on the vertex ;
J with the whole face, mouth, cheeks and frontal orbits to occiput

flavous. Antennce slender and
a little longer than the body ;
black, often dull ferruginous
beneath, but never clear red or
testaceous. Thorax black ; of
2 often with only a small cal-
losity before the radix, but
more usually with subhamate
lines before and callosities be-
neath radix and a centrally
interrupted metathoracic fas-
cia, more or less flavous; <5
with part or whole of pro-
and meso-sternum,and a small
mark on mesopleurse, also
flavous. Scutellum with a basal
dot on either side, its apex, a
dot or line on the postscu-
tellum, and often the freni
narrowly, flavous. Abdomen shining, with all, or only the apical
segments, or none of them, with narrow and obsolete glaucous
margins ; basal segment of <5 not more than half as long again as,
of $ very little longer than, apically broad, in both sexes ex-
planate towards the apex, not parallel-sided nor basally explanate ;
d1 with second and third segments quadrate and the fourth, like
the second and following of $ , transverse ; <3 valvulae exserted ;
abdomen 4 millim., terebra 2^ millim. Legs red ; coxae black with
the hind pair of $ usually mainly red, d" sometimes with the anterior

Fig. 51. — Phytodicetus coryphaus, Grav.

220

entirely and the hind ones beneath flavous; trochanters red or
flavous, with the hind ones, and sometimes also the anterior, partly
black ; hind tarsi and apices of tibiae infuscate. Wings iridescent
and subhyaline ; stigma and radius testaceo-stramineous, radix
and tegula? whitish ; areolet irregularly triangular or oblique,
petiolate or subpetiolate ; nervellus not intercepted above the
lower fourth, often almost at the lower angle, but a little higher
in d.

Length b'-7 millim.

SIKKIM : Darjiling, GOOO ft., x. 05 (E. Brunetti).

Type in the Breslau Museum.

This common European species, which is known to prey upon
Noctuids, Geometrids, and Platypteryx, evidently has an un-
expected eastern distribution. Brunetti's broken specimen is in
the Calcutta Museum.

152. Phytodiaetus capuae, sp. n.

<S $ . A black, brightly flavous-marked species. Head narrowed
behind the eyes and the mouth, cheeks, face and frontal orbits to
vertex, flavous ; mandibles apically and a fascia before the clypeus
black. Antenna' very slender and distinctly longer than the body ;
scape black, and in d1 flavous beneath ; flagellum entirely black.
Thorax black, with the pronotum, propleurse basally, hamate marks
before the radix, two large callosities beneath it, a circular mark
on disc of rnesonotum, the lateral sutures and most of apical half
of metathorax, with spots above the posterior coxa?, flavous ;
J with mesopleurae entirely flavous below. Scutellum, post-
scutellum and both freni bright flavous, with no central black
mark. Abdomen a little longer than head and thorax, and in tf
slightly narrower than the latter; all the segments with bright
glaucous-flavous margins ; basal segment hardly half as long again
as broad at its apex, subparallel-sided and distinctly explanate on
either side at its base, <$ spiracles strongly prominent ; second
segment longer than broad and the following transverse, all
nitidulous and obsoletely shagreened, with short close recumbent
golden pubescence ; J \ alvulae exserted ; abdomen 3 millim., terebra
2 millim. Legs pale fulvous and distinctly elongate, with the coxae
and trochanters stramineous and only the hind cox» broadly black-
marked beneath ; hind tarsi and most of their tibiae blackish, the
latter basally ferruginous. Wings iridescent and not clouded ;
stigma and radius testaceous, radix and tegulae stramineous ;
areolet acutely triangular and subpetiolate, emitting the recurrent
nervure only just before its apex ; nervellus intercepted at its
lower third.

Length 6-8 millim.

CETLOX : Pundaluoya (E. E. Green).

Type in the author* s collection.

This species is probably most closely allied to P. polyzonias,
Forst., from which, besides its verv distinctive coloration, it differs

PHYTODI.EXUS. — I'JIiTODIJETOIDES. 221

materially in the shorter basal segment whose spiracles are more
prominent in both sexes though especially so in the <$ ,

It is a very interesting and benelicial species, since the types of
both sexes, which Mr. E. Ernest Green has bred together at
Pundaluoya in Ceylon, emerged from larvae which had been
preying ectoparasitically upon those of the coffee pest, the
Tortricid Capua coffearia • another female was also bred by him
at the same locality from the same host in March, 1903. I am
not aware that members of this genus have before been noticed
to be external parasites, though they have frequently been raised
from both Tortricid and other moths in Europe.

Genus PHYTODIJETOIDES, gen. nov.

GENOTYPE, P. megcera, sp. u.

Body graceful and nearly smooth, neither strongly punctate nor
elongately pilose. Antennae as long as body, very slender and
filiform throughout, with the apical joints cylindrical and not
discrete. Notauli obsolete ; metathoracic costse entirely wanting ;
spiracles circular and very small. Scutelhun hardly convex and
always pale, with the frenum partly pale. Abdomen finely cori-
aceous, neither punctate nor impressed, the segments with pale
margins and the anus subcompressed ; hypopygium retracted ;
basal segment convex and not carinate ; terebra longer than half,
but not than the whole abdomen. Tibial calcaria elongate ; tarsal
claws not pectinate. Areolet broad and obliquely triangular,
emitting the recurrent nervure from its apical third;: first re-
current of lower wing strongly postfurcal. emitting the nervellus
from far above its centre, from about its upper fourth part.
Abdomen distinctly sessile ; areolet sessile ; inner cubital nervure
but slightly curved, with no nervelet ; eyes internally emarginate ;
clypeus convex and basally emarginate.

Range. Assam.

In its superficial facies this genus bears a very strong resem-
blance to PKytodicetiis, Grav. ; but differs materially in its simple
tarsal claws and metapleuraa, not entirely glabi-ous abdomen, and
in the disposition of the alar nervures. It appears to be some-
what related to Nadia, Tosq. (Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg. 1896, p. 337)
though the sculpture of the basal abdominal segmentwill instantly
distinguish it therefrom. I have seen but a single species.

153. Phytodisetoides megsera, sp. n.
Chi'ysopimplftJlavipalpiS) Cam. MS.

5 . A black species, with sparse flavous markings and most of
the legs red. Head immaculate, the face with long grey pilosity
and the palpi alone bright flavous. Antennce very slender, black,

222 ICHNEUMONIDJE.

with the scape conspicuously flavous beneath. Thorax discally
deplanate, finely punctate and black, with a line on upper part of
propleur», callosities below radices, and elongate dots on the mutic
apophyses, bright flavous ; meso-
and rnetapleurae finely and closely
pilose and punctate ; metanotum
shining, deplanate throughout and
coriaceously trans-aciculate. Scu-
tellum and postscutellum flavous
and slightly convex. Abdomen
parallel-sided and deplanate, with
the apices of all the segments
narrowly, and their apical angles
somewhat broadly, flavous ; basal
segment but slightly narrowed and
only a little longer than broad, with
the basal impression glabrous and
the remainder, like the second, cori-
aceous ; following segments finely
and closely alutaceous ; terebra half
the length of the abdomen. Legs not stout, red, with the anterior
coxae and trochanters, a discal spot on the black hind ones, and
an indeterminate band before the base of the black hind tibia?,
stramineous ; hind tarsi and calcaria black, the former with the
penultimate joint only one-fourth of the apical. Wings ample
and hyaline ; tegulae flavous and stigma piceous, with base paler.
Length 10 mi Him.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills, 6000 ft., v. 03 (Rowland Turner).
Type in the British Museum.

This species has somewhat the facies of Lissopimpla albopicta,
Walk.

Genus ALLOPLASTA, Forst.

Allojilasta, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 167.
Tnchopimpla, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1903, p. 303.

GENOTYPE, Lissonota murina, Grav.

Head and thorax densely pilose ; temples not broad, occiput
margined, cheeks normal and the apically bidentate mandibles
broad ; clypeus apically rounded and discally convex. Antenna'
neither slender nor elongate, with no pale central band ; flagellar
joints short, the first not nearly twice the length of the second.
Metathorax evenly punctate throughout; always with but one,
usually centrally obsolete, transverse costa; spiracles circular,
prominent and not large. Abdomen with basal segment not
densely pilose ; the following impunctate, not smooth, finely
trans-reticulate throughout, with no impressions; hypopygium not
extending to anus, cultriform and basally broad ; terebra exserted,
shorter than abdomen ; central segments not longer than broad.
Legs of normal length, front tibiae basally gradually constricted ;

ALLOPLASTA. 22%

claws somewhat large, not pectinate, of c? obsoletely and of 5
distinctly ciliate beneath. Areolet subrhomboidal, sessile or
shortly petiolate ; upper basal emitted from median nervure very
distinctly before the lower basal ; internal cubital sharply angled
centrally, with the nervelet often distinct ; first recurrent nervure
of lower wTings intercepted at or a little below the centre.

Range. Europe, Simla.

In my 'Ichneumons of Britain ' (iii, 1908, p. 226) I suggested that
Meniscus murinus, Grav., and M. plantariiis, Grav., were probably
of a distinct genus from the remainder of the species there tabu-
lated, on account of their finely setiferous and not pectinate claws
and of their very distinct economy ; but I refrained from employing
burster's inadequate and typeless genus, until further elucidated.
This had, however, been already done by Cameron, without either
his knowledge or mine (I had not looked up Indian references for
British insects and he had little knowledge of Fiirster's genera,,
nor apparently of the abundant European Meniscus murimts);
consequently, I think, one is justified in now employing Alloplasta
in nomenclature, with type Lissonota murina, Grav., Ichn. Eur,
iii, p. 99 ( = Trichopimpla, Cam.; type, T. pilosa). Ashmead's
characters for this genus are entirely valueless. It differs little
from the rare Arenetra, Holmg., in the pilosity of the head an d
thorax, but distinctly in that of its typically nitidulous basa
abdominal segment, and in its evenly punctate metathorax, which
in Arenetra is distinctly rugose throughout and not punctate ;
from Meniscus it is distinguished by the structure of the claws.

154. Alloplasta pilosa, Cam.

Trichopimpla pilosa, Cameron,* Zeits. Ilym.-Dip. 1903, p. 303 ( $ )..

$ . An entirely black species, with elongate pilosity, and the
legs alone rufescent. Head stout, with the frons closely punctate

and in the centre transversely
and indistinctly strigose ; vertex
closely punctate, more sparsely
laterally ; face closely and ru-
gosely punctate, with the cly-
peus less closely and strongly
and more nitidulous; centre of
inner orbits narrowly, and the
apical third of clypeus, rtifes-
ceut ; mandibles and palpi
black, with the apical teeth
ferruginous. Tliorax closely
and uniformly punctate on the

on the metathorax ; metanotum
more coarsely punctate apically, and with distinct though
short traces of a transverse costa at its apical angles; pleura)-

1^4 IQHSEUMONID.E.

and sternum closely and distinctly punctate. Scutellum :md
abdomen, immaculate ; basal segment closely and distinctly
punctate, with long but not dense pilosity, becoming stronger
basally ; central segments finely transversely aciculate, anus
glabrous and nitidulous ; terebra stout and black, with the spicula
red, a little longer than half the abdomen. Leys red, with the
coxae, trochanters, the hind tarsi and apices of their femora, and
the base and apex of their tibiae, black ; coxae and trochanters with
elongate white pubescence; hind calcaria unequal. Wiivjs clear
hyaline, with the nervures and stigma black ; radix and tegulae
infuscate, with the latter basally fulvous.
Letiyth 0 millim.

: Simla, iv. 97 (CoL Nurse).

Type in Col. Xurse's collection.

This species very strongly resembles A. planiariug, Grav., but
is a little smaller, with the metathoracic costa more distinct and
the petiole not canaliculate, the front marks of the niesonotum
and the pale markings both of the tibiae and hind tarsi are wanting,
and the abdomen is immaculate, though easily subfusiforni.

Genus LISSONOTA, Grav.

Lissonota, Gravenhorst, Iclm. Eur. iii, 18^9, p. 30.

GEXOTYPE, L. sulphurifera, Grav.

Head transverse and neither buccate nor elongately pilose ;
olypeus discrete, somewhat convex and apically rounded. Au-
tennse filiform or apically subattenua.te, with the flagellum normal ;
aj)ical joints not moniliform or discrete. Thorax subcylindrical,
longer than high ; niesonotum often striped ; inetathorax punctate
or scabriculous, with areola incomplete or often entirely wanting ;
basal costa of petiolar area usually distinct and strong ; spiracles
small and circular. Scutellum normal, often pale-marked. Ab-
domen narrow and deplanate, somewhat smooth, not tuberculate
or obliquely incised, usually closely and finely punctate or aluta-
ceous ; segments not apically elevated, the basal elongate, sessile,
rarely subquadrate ; hypopygium always covering base of terebra
and sometimes nearly reaching the anus ; terebra slender and
usually as long as, or longer than, the abdomen. Legs somewhat
slender, with the tarsal claws not pectinate, though sometimes
eetiferous. Wings with a more or less distinct, and often sub-
petiolate, triangular areolet.

llanrje. Both hemispheres.

Unfortunately, I am compelled to leave this genus in a somewhat
unsatisfactory condition ; such species described by Cameron as I
have not seen must remain here, since he makes no mention of
their metathoracic spiracles ; but in every case in which I have had
the opportunity of examining the types I have found his insects
to belong to the genus Syzeuctus. The representatives of the

LISSONOTA. 225

present genus are entirely homogeneous and at once known from
those of allied genera by their elongate and narrow abdomen,
simple tarsal claws, circular metathoracic spiracles, evenly sculptured
and excarinate metanotum, elongate terebra and the comparatively
constant shape of the normally entire areolet. Unlike the False-
arctic representatives, all our Indian species are brightly marked
and banded with flavous, and so much attention is paid to these
decorations in descriptions that few structural details upon which
to found a table of the species have been cited. The following
may, perhaps, serve, though it should be worked with the table of
Syzeuctus, as intimated above.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Metapleurse with no carinee ; areolet

irregular brevicattda, sp. n., p. 225.

2 (1) Metapleui-88 carinate; areolet regu-

larly triangular.

3 (6) Metanotum strongly and distinctly

trans-strigose.

4 (5) Pale vertical orbits not extending to

ocelli spilopus, Cam., p. 227.

5 (4) Pale vertical orbits extending to

ocelli lepida, Cam., p. 227.

6 (3) Metanotum strongly punctate and not

strigose.

7 (10) Areolet petiolate ; abdomen not

aciculate.

8 (9) Antennae immaculate; terebra longer

than halt' the body minuenta, sp. n., p. 228.

9 (8) Antennse pale-banded ; terebra

shorter than half the body binyhami, Cam., p. 229.

10 (7) Areolet subsessile ; abdomen partly

aidculate.

11 (12) Scutellum tiavous ; second and third

segments aciculate v-maculata, Cam., p. 229.

12 (11) Scutellum black; basal segment at

most aciculate.

13 (14) Central segments bicoloured ; terebra

longer than body morum, sp. n., p. 230.

14 (13) Central segments tricoloured ; terebra

longer than half the body yreeni, Cam., p. 230.

155. Lissonota brevicauda, sp. n.

$ . A small black species, with the body marked and the
antennae banded with white, legs mainly fulvous and wings
hyaline. Head subvertical behind the eyes, dull, closely and
evenly punctate; black, with the facial orbits very broadly to
apices of elongate cheeks, the indistinctly discrete glabrous and
convex clypeus, and the mandibles (except their bidentate apices),
stramineous ; face deplanate and more sparsely punctate laterally,
irons flat, with the scrobes small and entirely punctate. Antenna?
fully as long as body, very slender and strongly attenuate apically,

226

with all the joints cylindrical, the basal flagellar joint elongate and
the six central, like the scape beneath, stramineous. Thorax not
very slender, entirely dull, closely and finely punctate throughout ;
black, with prothorax basally throughout, hamate marks on either
side of front of mesonotum, callosities before and beneath radices,
and a mesopleural mark before the intermediate coxa3, strami-
neous ; notauli wanting ; metathorax white-pilose, with no trace
of costae, the lateral cnrinse extremely obsolete, the spiracles small
and circular. Seutdlum stramineous, sparsely punctate but dull;
postscutellum black. Abdomen hardly longer than thorax, dis-
tinctly punctate, more obsoletely and shining towards the com-
pressed anus ; basal segment hardly twice as long as apically
broad, constricted before its di-
lated and broadly stramineous
base ; apical margins of the three
basal, of the sixth and following
segments, broadly flavous ; tere-
bra somewhat stout, straight and
not longer than the two basal
segments. Legs fulvous, with the
front or anterior coxa? and tro-
chanters stramineous ; hind legs
elongate, with apices of coxae,
femora, tibiae and tarsi, together
with base of the last, black ; hind
tarsi mainly, and base of their
tibiae, whitish ; all the tarsal
claws sparsely and obsoletely
pectinate. Wings entirely hya-
line, radix and tegulae stramineous, costa and stigma piceous ;
areolet subsessile, irregular, emitting the inner cubital from near
its centre and the recurrent from its apical third ; radinl nervure
straight ; nervellus subpellucid, emitted far below centre of the
straight and slightly postfurcal first recurrent of lower wings.
Length 8 millim.

SIKKIM, iv.-vi. 1900 (Col. Bingham) ; NICOBAB ISLAXDS, iii. 04
(G. Rogers).

Type in the British Museum.

This species probably merits generic rank in the modern too
elaborate classification, since it differs from Lissonota (sensu strido)
in its lack of metapleural carinaB, though sufficiently closely re-
lated in its sparsely pectinate claws and circular metathoracic
spiracles, which will distinguish this brightly marked species from
the similarly decorated ones of Syzeuctus.

Described from two females in the British Museum.

Fig. 54. — Lissonota brcvicauda, Mori.

Lisso>'OTAr ; c 227

156. Lissonota spilopus, Cam. ]

Lissonota spilojjus, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1908, p. 42

c? , Black. Head with the clypeus, mandibles (except at apices),
inner orbits broadly, arid the centrally black and somewhat strongly
punctate face, pale flavous ; vertex, and, the centrally suli-ate
irons, smooth and iiitidulous. Antennae piceous, with the scape
beneath, and a broad flagellar band near their apices, white.
Thorax black, with the following pale flavous markings : — a line
on the irregularly strigose propleurae below, callosities beneath all
the radices, large hamate marks op. either side of the closely and
strongly punctate mesonotum in front, others on the lower part
of the irregularly punctate mesopleurse which have the apical half
triangularly dilated, and others on the closelv and much more
strongly punctate metapleurac which are broadly rounded basally
above and apically narrower; metanotum closely and strongly trans-
iicicnlate, becoming more or less reticulate apically. Scutellum less
strongly and closely punctate than the. mesonotum.and, except apic-
ally, pale ilavous. Abdomen with the four basal .segments narrowly
pale flavous at the apex, and more or less broadly sp basally ; basal
segment slightly longer than the two following together, slender,
cylindrical and parallel-sided throughout. Legs pale fulvescent-
flavous : anterior tarsi subinfuscate ; hind legs with the femora
and the strongly punctate coxae pale red, the latter basally flavous
above and apically black, the former narrowly black at base and
apex ; their tibiae and tarsi pale flavous with the apex of the
former from near the centre, nearly the basal half of the metatarsi
and the apical half of the onychii, black. Wings hyaline, with the
nervures and stigma black ; areolet triangular and shortly petiolate ;
recurrent nervure continuous with the second submargiual.

Length 9 millim.

SIKKIM: (Col. Binghani).

Unknown to me. ' } •

157. Lissonota lepida, Cam,

Lissonota kpidn, Cameron, Zeits. Ilym.-Dip. 1908, p. 43 ( J ).

c?. Black. Head smooth; inner orbits broadly flavous to
centre of ocelli, the face flavous and distinctly but not closely
punctate in the centre ; clypeus with a few scattered punctures.
Antennae flavescent, infuscate above, with a broad white band
beyond their centre. Thorax black ; propleurae flavous and stri-
gose beiow; the following markingH also flavous: — a large hamate
mark on either side of the closely and somewhat strongly punctate
mesonotum in front, the c'allosities, a large mark with " the top
straight to the end above, obliquely sloped below, the base rounded ;
below it becomes gradually obliquely widened to near the apical
fourth, which is straight below " on the lower half of the less
strongly punctate and centrally glabrous rnesopleurse ; metanotum

228 ICHNEUMOXID-T:.

closely and strongly trans-reticulate, much more strongly so at its
apex ; a large central mark on the sparsely punctate metapleuno
with " its base straight, rounded above, the apex narrower, rounded,
the middle below incised, the base of the incision obliquely sloped,
longer than the apex, which has a straight up and down slope,"
ilavous. Sctttellum flavous, closely and somewhat strongly punctate.
Abdomen black, with the basal half of the first two segments, the
third with the exception of a central nigrescent fascia, and the
apices of all the following broadly, flavous ; apical half of the first
segment distinctly stouter than the basal, with a triangular basal
incision in its black coloration. Leys fulvescent flavous, with only
the apical half of the hind coxae black above. Winys with the
areolet triangular and sessile ; its recurrent nervure broadly fenes-
trate below.

Letiyth 8 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. Binyham}.

This species " may be known from L. spilopus by the broader
band on the inner orbits, it touching the ocelli, which is not the
case with L. spil(»pus ; by the base of the mark on the mesopleune
being gradually narrowed from the middle, it being in L. spit-opus-
abruptly dilated before the middle and by the incision on the mark
on the metapleurae being narrower, deeper and oblique '' (Cameron,
/. c.) ; the areolet is sessile in the present species. Unknown
to me.

158. Lissonota minuenta, sp. n.

$ . A black and somewhat profusely flavous-marked species,
with the legs fulvous and abdomen tricoloured ; terebra longer
than half the body.

Lenylh 7 millim.

SIKKIM : Darjiling, 0000 ft., ix. OS (E. Brunettl).

Type in the Indian Museum.

Extremely similar to L. bingJiami, with which I should have
merged it were not the immaculate antennae and comparative
terebral length sufficiently constant characters ; the present
female may be known by the immaculate black antennae ;
black metathorax, with only the apices of the pleurae flavous ;
mesosternum immaculate black and- the mesopleurae flavous only
below ; abdomen with base and apex of the first three segments
red, the extreme apex of the third and of all the following flavous ;
terebra exactly as long as the abdomen (4 millim.) and longer than
half the body ; legs fulvous, with their base flavous, and the hind
tibiae alone subinfuscate apically ; hind coxae fulvous, with their
disc flavous : areolet distinctly petiolate, emitting the recurrent
nervure from its apex. It is allied in coloration to L. lineatu,
Grav., but the radial nervure is not sinuate above the petiolate
areolet and the terebra is proportionately much shorter.

liISSONOTA. 229

1 59. Lissonota binghami, Cam.

Lissonota binghami, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 109 ($).

131ack, with profuse flavescent markings. Head with the face
•closely punctate centrally, and sparsely at the sides ; frons and
vertex subglabrous ; sides of face broadly, clypeus except its basal
margin, the frontal, vertical and lower external orbits, flavous ;
mandibles, except below and apically, white. Scape and base of
flagellum beneath, and a broad central band on the latter, white.
Thorax closely and strongly punctate ; the following markings
flavous : — hamate marks on apex and a subquadrate one on basal
halt' of mesonotum, two oblique and externally dilated spots at
base of the basal half of metanotum, a line on lower side of pro-
pleura!, the radical callosities, a large central mark on apex of
inesopleura), a small one behind the hind wings, mesosternum
broadly and most of metapleura3 ; metanotum more strongly
punctate than the mesonotum, with its pale pubescence denser
than elsewhere. Sctitellum flavous and not very strongly punctate.
Abdomen with the apices of all the segments, and the base of the
first three, flavous ; terebra hardly half the length of the body
(5 millim.). Leys: anterior pairs pale flavous, their femora with
a fulvescent tinge ; hind legs fulvous, their coxa3 flavous, with the
apical half black above, their trochanters apically, femora and
tibia? narrowly, and the onychii, black. Winys hyaline, with the
stigma and nervures black; areolefc triangular and subpetiolate,
emitting the recurrent nervure from, its apex.

Lenyih 12 millim.

SIKKIM ( Col. B'myJiam).

Unknown to me.

1 (50. Lissonota v-maculata, Cam.

Lissonota v-maculata, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. 108 ( $ ).

A black species, with profuse flavescent markings. Head
smooth, with the epistoma closely punctate ; the frontal, facial
broadly and outer orbits broadly below, mandibles except apically,
and the palpi, flavous. Proifiorax basally flavous and with the
following flavous markings : — a spot at its apex, hamate marks on
.apex and an irregular mark at base of the closely and strongly
punctate mesonotum, two curved oblique marks on base of meta-
notum, radical callosities, a large apical spot on the mesopleunc
and " a large mark, twice longer than broad with a large incision
on the base above, a large mark, dilated below at the base and
apex, the apical projection wider and longer than the basal," the
position of these not being indicated; metanotum closely and
rugosely punctate, with its disc subreticulate ; pleurae closely
punctate, the rneta- more closely and strongly than the meso-
pleurae, propleura apically and basally strongly striate, except
.above at the apex. Scutellum somewhat sparsely punctate and,

230 ICIINEUMOXIDJK.

except at its apex, flavous. Abdomen smooth, with the second
and third segments aciculate ; apices of all the segments, basal
half of the first arid base of the second, flavous ; terebra hardly a
third the length of the body (4 millim.). Leys flavous, with a
f ulvescent tinge ; hind femora fulvous, their coxae with a large
apical mark, the apex' of the hind tibiae narrowly, and of their
femora, black. Wings hyaline, with the stigma and nervures
black ; tegulas flavous ; areolet triangular and shortly petiolate ;
" the recurrent uervure interstitial with the second transverse
cubital ; the transverse median nervure received shortly beyond
the transverse basal."

Lent/th 13 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. Bingham).

Unknown to me.

161. Lissonota monim, sp. n.

2 . A somewhat stout, black and dark red species, with pro-
minent eyes and pale anus. Head posteriorly narrow ; eyes
distinctly broader than the thorax ; black, with the convex clypeus
and the mandibles, except at their apices, stramineous ; epistoma
centrally protuberant. Antennas as long as the body, black and
filiform throughout, with the flagellum immaculate and the very
deeply incised scape stramineous beneath. Thorax closely punc-
tate, dull and immaculate black, with the notauli wanting ;
metathorax with no area;, lateral carina3 alone present and
spiracles circular; petiolar area subobsolete. Scutellnm imma-
culate black and punctate. Abdomen linear, slightly longer than
head arid thorax, dull and very closely punctate, with the sub-
glabrous apices of the three basal segments, as well as the base of
the second and third indeterminately, rufescent ; basal segment
shagreened, anus flay ous, and the reflexed terebra longer than
the body (13 millim.). Leys red, Avith the hind coxa?, except
apically,. black ;.hiud femora, tibia? and tarsi infuscate. Wings
normal and not broad, with the areolet distinctly and broadl}r
sessile; nervellus: intercepted, but not geniculate, at its lower
third.

Length 10 millim.

ASSAM : Ukhrul, in Manipur, 6400 ft. (Rev. W. Pettigrcw).

Type in the Indian Museum.

This female has much the facies of L. parallela, Grav., but the
radial nervure is externally straight and not sinuate above the
broader areolet.

1G2. Lissonota greeni, Cam.

Lissonota greerei, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 142 ($ ).

$ . A black, closely arkl regularly punctate species, with tri-
eoloured abdomen and sparse flavous markings. Head with

LISSOXOTA. — CTENOPIHPLA. 231

clypeus broadly apically and more broadly centrally, mandibles
except apically, arid the palpi, flavous. Antennce : scape flavous
beneath. Thorax : propleurae flavous below. Abdomen with the
closely, distinctly and longitudinally aciculate first segment (which
is glabrous at centre and apex) entirely, basal third of the closely
and regularly punctate second, and the bases of the similarly
sculptured third and apically smooth fourth segments narrowly,
red ; apices of the second and third flavous with a rufescent tinge ;
apical segments smooth and nitidulous, with the last and apex of
penultimate white; terebra longer than half the body (5 millim.).
Legs red, with the anterior coxae (except intermediate apically),
and their trochanters, flavous ; hind tibiae and tarsi black. Wings
hyaline with the stigma and nervures nigrescent; areolet not
petiolate.

Length 8 millim.

CEYLON : Peradeniya (E. E. Green).

The aciculate basal segment is remarkable. Unknown to me.

Genus CTENOPIMPLA, Cam.
Ctenopimpla, Cameron, Mauch. Mem. 1899, p. 189.

GENOTYPE, C. olbomaculata, Cam.

Head anteriorly transverse ; eyes large, internally parallel,
margined below and not emarginate ; cheeks distinct; clypeus
roundly projecting, deeply separated basally and apically rounded ;
mandibles equally bideutate apically. Antennae not shorter than
body. Notauli obsolete ; metanotum transversely carinate before
its apex, with the spiracles at apex of basal, third, small and oval.
Abdominal segments shagreened and longer than broad ; petiolar
spiracles small and subcircular, near apex of basal third ; terebra
elongate and not emitted from a ventral fold. Legs distinctly
slender, with the tarsal claws pectinate ; hind tarsi spinose, front
ones double the length of their tibiae. Areolet small, obliquely
triangular, externally incomplete, with its petiole as long as its
height, and emitting the recurrent nervure near its apex.

liange. Assam.

Its author compares this genus with Lissonota, though its pec-
tinate claws relate it more closely to Meniscus ; therefrom he says
it differs, apart from the structure of the claws, in the petiolate
areolet, more slender and elongate legs, and in the three basal
segments being comparatively longer, which are not very tangible
characters.

163. Ctenopimpla albomaculata, Cam.

Ctenopimpla albomaculata, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899. p. 190

(*>

$ . Head black, with face and clypeus (except the epistoma longi-
tudinally and the clypeal foveae), the upper orbits narrowly, and

ICHNLIMONIDJE.

the outer more broadly below, flavous; front, vertex and face
closely punctate and sparsely pilose ; clypeus convex, smooth and
impunctate ; mandibles flavous, except at apex. Antenna filiform
and black, becoming piceous towards their apices. Pronotum more
broadly flavous basally and the propleurae broadly flavous below.
Mesonotura dull and closely punc-
tate : meso- and meta-pleurae with
broad flavous markings; metanotum
closely and uniformly punctate,
with the apex more strongly punc-
tate beyond the carinse. Scutellum
somewhat strongly punctate, black,
with two large basal flavous pyri-
form marks, which approximate
discally. Abdomen with all seg-
ments black and twice as long as
broad ; first longer than second
segment ; the three basal closely
punctate and the apical ones en-
tirely glabrous ; venter bright
flavous, with apex darker ; terebra
very nearly as long as body. Legs
red ; anterior coxae and trochanters
flavous, the intermediate t'ulvidous ;
all the troc-hauters with black mark-
ings ; hind coxae black and basally
flavous above, their tibiae and tarsi
black. Wings fulvous hyaline,
darker basally ; costa and nervures
infuscate ; areolet with petiole longer than inner subtnargiual
nervure, the outer pellucid below.
Length 10 millim.
ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney\
Type in the Oxford Museum.

Fig. 55. — Ctenopimpla albo-
macvlata, Cam.

Genus MEYVA, Cam.
Meyva, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 191.

GENOTYPE, M. villosa, Cam.

Head oblique and not prominent behind the large and internally
parallel eyes ; cheeks short but distinct ; clypeus not basally dis-
crete ; mandibles stoutly and unequally bidentate api<ally.
Notauli wanting ; metanotum strongly transversely unii-arinate
before its apex, with the spiracles elliptic and about thrice as long
as broad. Abdominal segments longer than broad; basal seg-
ment as broad basally as apically, its spiracles small, circular, at

MEYVA. 233

apex of basal third. Legs slender, with tarsal claws simple ; hind
tarsi not or hardly longer than the tibiae ; all tarsi spinose.
Areolet externally incomplete, with its petiole as long as its
height, and emitting the recurrent nervure from its apex.

Range, Assam.

This genus differs from Ctenopimpla in the elliptic metathoracic
spiracles, simple tarsal claws and lack of basal clypeal sulcus ;
the basal abdominal structure resembles that of Lissonota.

164. Meyva villosa, Cam.

Meyva villosa, Cainerou,* Manch. Menu 3899, p. 192, pi. iii, fig. 11
(wing).

<$ . Head black, with the inner orbits more narrowly centrally,
the outer narrowly, a transverse line on lower part of the closely

punctate and white-pilose
face, the clypeus, mandibles
broadly at their base, and
palpi, flavescent ; frons
smooth and vertex very
coarsely striolate. Antenna;
immaculate. Thorax with
dense short pale pilosity ;
pro- and meso-pleurae
closely punctate, with the
latter centrally glabrous
and nitidulous basally ;
rnesonotum nitidulous and
strongly punctate; meta-
notum strongly, deeply
and, like the metapleurse.
closely punctate. Scutellum

strongly but not closely punctate, with a flavous dot at
base of its basal cariuae. Abdomen rufescent. with the basal
segment except at apex and an interrupted mark near base of the
second, black. Legs red ; coxae and trochanters black, with the
front ones anteriorly flavescent ; posterior tarsi black. Wings
iiifuscate hyaline, apically infumate ; stigma and nervures black ;
areolet emitting recurrent nervure from its apically pellucid outer
nervure.

Length 15 millim.

ASSAM : Kbasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

Fig. 56.— Meyva villosa, Cam.

234

Genus SYZEUCTUS, FiJrst.
Syzeudus, Filter, Verb, pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 167.

GEXOTTPE, Ichneumon maculatorius, IT.

Metathorax with elongate, and nearly always large, spiracles ;
metapleura not separated from the metanotum by a carina.
Areolet entire and petiolate ; nervellus intercepting the first
recurrent of hind wiugs below its centre; face more or less
intumescent ; notauli entirely wanting ; scutellum laterally
margined only at base ; basal abdominal segment glabrous, with
spiracles before its centre; tarsal claws obsoletely dentate and
setiferous. Thorax and abdomen rarely with red, but usually
with verv profuse flavous, markings ; scutellum and postscutellum
usually entirely flavous. Frons rarely bituberculate.

Range. Europe, Asia.

Species of Lissonota were not relegated to this genus till it was
used by Thomson in 1889, when some of the prettiest of the
European representatives were included therein, on account of
tlieir elongate metathnracic spiracles, which are also usually much
larger than the circular ones of Lissonota, though in the Indian
species they are often so minute that the microscope is necessary
to distinguish their conformation. I have remarked under
Lissonota that it appears to me extremely probable that some, if
not the majority, of the species placed therein by Cameron belong,
in reality, to the present genus.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Wings hyaline throughout.

'2 (3) Abdomen strongly compressed ;

antennae pale-banded compressus, sp. n., p. 234.

3 (2) Abdomen not compressed, nor

antenna; pale-handed claripennis, Cam., p. 235.

4 (1) Wings distinctly infuinate apically.

5 (6) Metathoracic spiracles minute and

reniform annulipes, Cam., p. 236.

6 (o) Metathoracic spiracles normal and

elongate-ovate.

7 (8) Flagellum compresso-clilated beyond

its centre zanthorius, Cam., p. 238.

8 (7) Flagellum normal ; colour variable . baluchistanensis, Cam., p.239.

165. Syzeuctus compressus, sp. n.

$ . A profusely flavous-marked black species, with the wings
entirely hyaline and the abdomen strongly compressed. Head
vertical behind the internally parallel eyes, flavous, with the
occiput, ocelli, the centrally sulcate frons more narrowly above,
and centre of face, alone black ; clypeus semicircular, convex and
apically rounded. Antenna slender, filiform and a little attenuate
at their apices ; black, with a broad 11-jointed band beyond their
centre and the scape beneath, white. Thorax evenly punctate,

SYZEUCTUS.

black, with the mesopleurse sinuately sulcate and subgiabrous
centrally ; the prosternum, mesosternum basallv below, a broad
hamate mark on either side of front of mesonotum and parallel

with its disc, callosities
before and beneath radices,
and a large irregular mark
on metapleurte, stramineous;
metanotum with no costae but
laterally longitudinally sul-
cate above the pale mark
and below the elongate and
somewhat large spiracles,
Abdomen nitidulous and
very strongly compressed
throughout ; black, with
apices of all the segments,
and base of the first three
broadly, flavous ; basal seg-
ment thrice as long as apic-
ally broad and sublinear,
with the spiracles but slightly
before the centre, and thence
parallel-sided, a little broader and subcanaliculate to apex ;
terebra straight, slender and slightly longer than abdomen. Leys
flavescent, with hind femora fulvous ; hind legs with apical half
of coxae, apices and extreme base of femora and tibiae, quite black ,.
posterior onychii infuscate ; hind calcaria unequal, front ones
short and sinuate. Wings eutirely hyaline, ample but not broad,
with radix and tegulae stramineous, costa and stigma piceous ;
areolet subpetiolate, higher than broad, and emitting the uni-
fenestrate recurrent nervure from hardly before its apex ; first
recurrent of hind wings distinctly postfurcal, emitting the curved
nervellus from hardly below its centre.
Length 32 millim.

SIKKTM, iv.-vi. 1900 (Col. Bingliam}.
Type in the British Museum.

The strongly compressed abdomen gives this species a very
striking superficial resemblance to the Xorid genus Tropistef, but
the conformation of the head, areolet and elongate legs is very
distinct.

Described from two females.

Fig. 57. — fjytieuctus comprcssvs, Mori.

16G. Syzeuctus claripennis, Cam.

Lissonota claripennis, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Sotv
xiv, 1902, p. 42

c? . A bright flavous species, broadly marked discally with
black ; the wings entirely hyaline and the abdominal spiracles

236 ICIINKIMOMD;E.

abnormally large. Head very finely punctate, with pale pubes-
cence ; occiput and vertex black, with only the orbits broadly
flavous, frons centrally black to the antennae ; the convex face and
subdiscrete clypeus immaculate flavous ; mandibles flavous, with
the subequal apical teeth piceous. Antennae about as long as body,
filiform and apically subattenuate ; fulvous, becoming basally
infuscate above and flavous beneath. TJioraxnoi elongate, closely
and not very finely or evenly punctate, with pale pilosity ;
flavous, with mesopleural lines at both extremities and coalescing
below radices, mesonotum and frenuin (except hamate lines on
former which coalesce in a discal spot), and the metanotum
triangularly on either side, black ; notauli wanting; metathorax
entirely without costae and its spiracles transverse, elongate and
not large, ticutellum and postscutellum immaculate. Abdomen
black, linear and subglabrous, with the base of the first and
apices ot all the segments narrowly flavous ; three basal segments
distinctly elongate, first glabrous and not impressed, the following
very finely punctate ; anus red ; spiracles of the third segment
large, of the following gigantic, cavernous and quite circular. Legs
elender and flavous, with the hind femora fulvous and the inter-
mediate piceous-lined above ; hind coxae internally only and the
base of their trochaoters black, their tarsi immaculate fulvidous.
Wings hyaline throughout, with the stigma and nervures fulvous,
radix and tegulte flavous ; areolet about as long as its petiole, with
the outer nervure cuned and subpellucid below; nervellus not
strong, intercepting the nearly straight first recurrent of hind
wings slightly below its centre.

Length 9 milliin.

PUNJAB: Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Nurse, type); MADRAS: Madras
W.Elliott)', CEYLON: Heneratgoda (Brit. Mus.).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species exactly resembles S. zanthorius in outline and is
very similar in the colour-scheme, but the unclouded alar apices
and the extremely remarkable conformation of the abdominal
spiracles, which are so large that at first I suspected some para-
sites had emerged from the perfect insect, though their regularity
precludes any such assumption, render it abundantly distinct.

167. Syzeuctus annulipes, Cam.

MesoU-ptits anmdipes, Cameron, Manch. Mein. 1900, p. 103 ( <5 ).

$ . A small slender black species, with profuse flavous markings,
the legs mainly red and the wings apically infumate. Head black
and abruptly declivous behind the entire and internally parallel
eyes ; occiput vertical, not emarginate, and glabrous, like the
laterally flavous frons ; scrobes small and not centrally carinate ;
face quadrate, closely and evenly punctate, centrally pro-
minent and laterally narrowly flavescent ; clypeus convex,
subglabrous and, with mandibles and palpi, flavous. Antenna;

SYZEUCTUS.

237

very slender and apically attenuate,

the joints not

Fig. 58. — Syzeuctus annulipea, Cam.

discrete ; scape and base of flagellum testaceous beneath.

Thorax evenly, closely and not
very finely punctate; black, with
a hamate mark on either side
of mesonotum in front, small
callosities beneath all the
radices, and conspicuous spots
above the hind coxae, flavous ;
metathorax with no costae and
not strongly convex. Scutellum

^___,_^ flavous, convex, with a few fine

/*i^yu\|fv^i punctures. Abdomen almost

I / fl\ I linear and very strongly de-

planate to the apex of the third
segment ; the first three seg-
ments broadly flavous at the
base, the apices of the second
and third, together with the
compressed and clavate anusr
being also flavous ; basal seg-
ment glabrous and sublinear,
thrice as long as apically broad,
slightly curved laterally before
its apex, with the spiracles very
slightly before its centre ; terebra as long as the abdomen without
the basal segment, very slender and apically deflexed. Legs red,
anterior coxa) and trochanters flavous ; hind legs elongate, with
the base of their black tibia) and tarsi white ; hind femora
infuscate at apex, and their calcaria of unequal length. Wings
narrow and not large, hyaline, with a circular dot on the front
margin slightly before the apex conspicuously infumate ; radix
flavous, costa and stigma piceous ; areolet petiolate, not broader
than hiyh, longer than its petiole, and emitting the broadly pellucid
recurrent nervure from near its apex.

The 3 differs slightly in having the whole face, cheeks, scape
beneath, prothorax and anterior margin of mesothorax, as well as
apex of fourth segment, flavous ; the antennae slightly longer and
abdomen more slender.
Length 7% millim.

ASSAM : fchasi Hills, 1000-3000 ft., iii. 07 (Pusa coll.) ; BENGAL :
Pusa, xii. 05 (Pusa roll.), Chapra (Mackenzie), Adra, x. 09 and
Monghur, ix.09 (.7. T. Jenkim—Ind. Mus.), Karmatar, x.09, and
Bhogaon, ix. 05 (C. Puiva — Ind. Mus.), Calcutta (Ind. Mus.);
MADRAS : Mysore (Oxford Mus.), Teumalai, Travancore
(Annandale) ; CEYLON: Pundaluoya, ii.95(Z7. E. Green), Colombo,
xii. 04 (0. S. Wickivar), Peradeniya, xii. 07, and Madnlsima, v. US
(T. Bainbrigge Fletcher}. QUEENSLAND (Eowland Turner).
Type in the British Museum.

238 ICHXEUMOXUU .

This species is, 1 consider, a true Syzeuctus, in spite of its
minute and renit'orm raetathoracic spiracles, by means of which
it may at once be recognised. I do not know Forster's genus
Aphanodon. which appears to differ from Cryptopimpla, syno-
nymised with it by Dulla Torre, in the absence of the transverse
metanotal apical carina. The apicaliy infumate wings and white-
marked legs are very distinctive. The markings are peculiarly
constant.

No doubt can remain that this is a common and widely dis-
tributed species throughout India, from Assam to Ceylon,
though we at present know nothing of its economy, which is
undoubtedly related to the Lepidoptera ; and further, I have seen
several examples, which I am unable to differentiate, in the col-
lect iou formed by Mr. E. Turner in Queensland, where it is
apparently riot uncommon. It was first sent from Ceylon to the
British Museum by Dr. Thwaites about 1867.

168. Syzeuctus zanthorius. Cam.

Lissonota zanthoria, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
xiv, pt. iii, p. 4i>(3 (J).

<5 . A bright flavous species, with black markings, unicolorous
red antennae and apicaliy infumate wings. Head not vertically
declivous behind the internally parallel eyes, fulvescerit-flavous,
with only the bordered occiput centrally below, and the space
between the flavous ocelli, black ; vertex higher than eyes, glabrous
and impressed on either side of the ocelli ; frons distinctly and
evenly punctate, with a minute and obsolete excrescence between
the reticulate and small scrobes ; face and clypeus distinctly and
evenly punctate throughout, subdiscrete, with the latter a little
convex and apicaliy rounded ; mandibles stout, with the upper of
the nigrescent teeth a little the longer ; cheeks not short.
Antenna fulvous throughout and distinctly a little compresso-
dilated beyond the centre ; the joints cylindrical and neither
elongate nor discrete. Thorax distinctly and not very finely
punctate throughout, clear flavous, with a small black mark in
centre of front of mesonotum, another on its disc, and lateral
vittse basally coalescing at the scutellar fovea, dots above radices
and a small oblique fascia on either side of the wanting areola,
black ; melathorax with no cost® and the lateral carinae entirely
wanting, spiracles elongate transverse and not large. Scutelluin
flavous, nitidulous, subconvex, deeply and not very closely punc-
tate. Abdomen parallel-sided, distinctly punctate, flavous, with
all the segments centrally black ; anus pilose and fulvescent,
with the valvulae not exserted ; basal segment smoother, not
canaliculate nor constricted basally, with spiracles obsolete at
its basal third. Legs flavous and slender ; tarsal claws submutic ;
hind femora and tibiae pale fulvous, their tarsi darker, tro-
chanters basally infuscate, and the pale calcaria strongly unequal.
\Vings clear hyaline, with the apices alone infumate ; radix and

STZETJCTUS. 239

tegulae flavous, stigma piceous and basally flavescent; areolet
triangular, externally pellucid below, as long as its petiole, and
emitting the recurrent nervure from its apical third ; first re-
current of lower wings postfurcal and straight, emitting the
weak and apically curved nervellus from its lower third.

Length 9| millim.

The size" and shape of the black thoracic markings are said
to be variable.

5 . Differs materially in colour, but in structure appears
identical. The head is flavous with the occiput except behind the
eves, centre of vertex, of frons, and very narrowly of face, black.
Thorax black with hamate marks on front of, and another on disc
of mesonotum, proriotum mainly, mesosternum laterally, a sub-
circular mark on rnesopleurse, lines before and callosities beneath
radices, metapleurae basally, circularly at apex and before spiracles,
as well as its entire apex extending discally to centre, flavous.
fScutellum and postscutellum concolorous. Abdomen black, with
apices of all the segments, and base of the subglabrous first,
flavous ; terebra straight and slender, as long as abdomen and
metathorax. Legs as in male, with hind coxae broadly black
internally and to a less extent externally.

Lenc/tJi 9-12 millirn.

PUNJAB (Brit. Mus.) ; BENGAL : Pusa, iv. 07, and Chapra (Pusa
coll.); CENTBAL INDIA (Hearsey — Oxf. Mus.); BOMBAY: Deesa,
x. 99 (Col. Nurse, type), Poona, viii. 86 (R. C. Wroucjhtori), Bombay
(Brit. Mus.).

Type c? in Col. Nurse's collection.

Col. Nurse has allowed me to examine Cameron's male type of
his Lissonota. zanthoria, which I have described above ; its elongate
metathoracic spiracles, however, exclude it from that genus. I
have seen another male and five females, which undoubtedly
belong to it, on account of their sculpture and especially that of
their subdilated flagellum.

169. Syzeuctus baluchistanensis, Cam.

Lissonota baluchistanensis, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.

Soc. xvii, 1906, p. 284 ( $ ).
Lissonota apicipennis, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.

xiv, 1902, p. 426 ( $ ).

$ . A pretty, flavous-marked species, with the abdomen red,
and the wings apically infumate. The sculpture and conformation
are in all respects identical with those of the last described species,
excepting only that the flagellum is not apically dilated and the
terebra is fully as long as the abdomen and whole thorax.
Head, thorax, scutellum, coxae and trochanters bright flavous.
Occiput, vertex and frons to scrobes, broadly black in the centre ;
mandibles apically infuscate. Mesopleurae margined throughout
with black, except apically below, metathorax with a triangular
black mark on either side, meso- and rnetasternum very narrowly,

240 ICHXEUMOXID^E.

and the mesonotum (except large anterior hamate marks coalescing
vith a broad discal spot) black. Hind coxae internally black and
externally ferruginous below. Abdomen clear red, with apices of
all the segments narrowly, and base and apex of the first some-
what broadly, flavous. Hind femora, tibi» and tarsi fulvous
throughout, their trochanters basally blackish. Wings as in
the last described species.

Length 14 millim.

BALUCHISTAX : Quetta, vii. 02 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Var. apicipennis, Cam.

§ . Differs in nothing but the colour and rather smaller size.
The meso- and meta-thoraces are entirely black, with the callosities
below the radices and large triangular marks before them, flavous ;
the base and apex of the first abdominal segment are more
narrowly flavous, and the base of the three following segments is
centrally black.

Length 11 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, viii. 98 ( Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

So similar does this female appear to S. zanthorius that I should
certainly have synonymised them as mere colour varieties, were
it not that the terebra is distinctly longer and the flagellum is
not compresso-dilated beyond its centre.

Genus LAMPRONOTA, Hal*
Lampronota, Holiday, Ann. Nat. Hist, ii, 1839, p. 120.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon accusntor, F.

Clypeus discrete and apically subtruncate ; frons convex and
subglabrous. Antenna? elongate, filiform and somewhat slender ;
flagellar joints not discrete, the first usually elongate, £ with
the fourth and either the third or fifth externally excised.
Thorax stout, gibbulous-cylindrical ; mesonotum anteriorly ele-
vated and perpendicular, notauli very deeply impressed ; meta-
thoracic areola coalescing with basal area, its longitudinal cost®
straight, parallel and entire from base to apex ; lateral costae
distinct ; petiolar area short ; spiracles oblong and transverse.
Abdomen subsessile, evenly convex ; basal segment usually dull,
scabriculous and convex ; anus subcompressed and laterally clavate,
of $ with the venter apically cleft, the vahuJas obtuse" and the
terebra about the length of the abdomen. Hind legs distinctly a

* The name Lampronota was, as is truly stated by Dalla Torre (Cat. Hym.
iii, p. 014), brought forward by Curtis in 1^32 (Brit. Ent., fol. p. 107), but, as
there directly expressed, purely as synonymic with Lissonota, Grav. (18^9);
consequently Hahday's later name must eland.

LAMPEONOTA. 241

little stout, their tarsi and tibiae often dark ; tarsal claws simple.
Areolet entirely wanting.

Range. North America, Cuba, Europe, Sikkim.

Probably the most natural position for this very distinct genus
is among the AC^ENITIDES, as was originally suggested by Haliday ;
the deep notauli and incrassate hind legs are very similar, but,
wherever placed, the unique conformation of the <S flagellum will
render that sex abundantly distinct ; both sexes are at once
known from the remainder of the LISSONOTIDES by the entire
longitudinal metathoracic carinae and, though with more un-
certainty (for some species of Lissonota and Meniscus are ex-
ceptions in this respect), by the absence of all trace of the outer
nervui'e of the areolet.

170. Lampronota quintana, sp. n.

J . A small black species, with pale legs, and the fourth and
fifth flagellar joints externally emarginate at the base. Head
nitidulous, with the vertex obsoletely punctate, deeply impressed
longitudinally on either side before the prominent and entire
eyes ; occiput bordered and deeply
emarginate ; face distinctly and
evenly punctate, deplanate and
strongly produced above, with
coarse white pilosity ; clypeus dull
testaceous, subglabrous and small,
apically truncate and basally semi-
circularly discrete ; mandibles
testaceous, with equal teeth ;
cheeks elongate and buccate, palpi
pure white. Antennae, longer than
body, filiform and not very slender;
the flagellum piceous beneath, its
basal joint hardly longer than the
Fig. 59. scape and as long as second, the

Lampronota quintana, Mori. fourth and fifth joints distinctly

constricted externally throughout

their basal half, and the latter obtusely dentate at its apical
third. Thorax immaculate and nitidulous, with the finely sca-
briculous metanotum centrally bicarinate to near its apex, and
laterally strongly cariuate throughout above and below the
spiracles. Scutellum strongly nitidulous, with a few fine punc-
tures. Abdomen strongly shining, black, with the gastrocreli of
the second and third segments translucently testaceous, and the
extreme apices of the fifth and following white ; basal segment
gradually slightly widened throughout and laterally margined,
scabriculous and bicarinate to near apex, with the spiracles dis-
tinctly before its centre ; venter testaceous and plicate, valvulao
large and concolorous. Legs fulvous, with all the coxse, base of
trochanters, and the hind onychii black. Wings hyaline, with

E

242 ICHNEUMONIDjE.

radix and teguhe testaceous, stigma piceous and the bifenestrate
second recurrent nervure emitted by the cubital far beyond the
submarginal ; first recurrent of hind wings emitting the nervellus
almost from its junction with the posterior nervure.

Length 5| millira.

SIKKIM : Eungarum, 5700 ft., iv. 1900 (Col. Bingham).

Type in the British Museum.

This very distinct species may be known from all others by the
structure of its flagellum. Described from a single specimen.

Tribe BANCHIDES.

In spite of all that has at various times been written by
Holmgren, Thomson and other authors to the contrary, I am
still of the opinion expressed in my volume on the British
PIMPLIN^;, that this aberrant group of Ichneumons bears features
of closer relationship with certain PIMPLIN^E than with the
OPHIONIN^E or TRYPHO:NINJE, among which they are usually placed.
On the one hand, they resemble Accenitus in the subsessile abdo-
men, narrow wings and elongate legs, and, on the other, their
relationship with the Lissonotid genus Meniscus is well attested
by Gravenhorst, who described the same insect, under different
names, in both groups. The rhomboidal areolet, which character
is somewhat strained in the Oriental representatives, and sub-
sessile abdomen exclude them from the ICHNEUMOXINJE and
CRYPTINJE ; the lack of a distinct petiole also will not permit of
their inclusion in the OPHIONIN^E ; and the distinctly exserted
ovipositor of at least Tegona and Exetustes, seems to preclude
them from the TBTPHONIN^:, wherein the anus is never distinctly
compressed as in Banchus, though this feature is met with to a
modified extent in the AC.ENITIDES. They appear to be parasitic
exclusively on the Lepidoptera, among which they evince a
predilection for the NOCTUID^E.

Table of Genera.

1 (2) Tarsal claws not pectinate EXETASTES, Grav., p. 243.

2 (1) Tarsal claws more or less distinctly

pectinate below.

3 (8) Frons simple ; areolet irregularly

rhomboidal.

4 (5) Clypeus elongately produced ; cheeks

longer than base of mandibles .... TEGONA, gen. n., p. 251.

5 (4) Clypeus of normal length ; cheeks

shorter than base of mandibles.

6 (7) Eyes internally broadly emarginate;

nntauli elongate BANCHTTS, F., p. 253.

7 (6) Eyes internally entire ; notauli

wanting FINTONA, Cam., p. 257.

8 (3) Frons bidentate ; areolet irregular and

internally produced EPONITES, Cam., p. 258.

EXETASTES. 243

Genus EXETASTES, Grav.
Exctastes, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 395.

GEXOTYPE, Ichneumon cinctipes, Retz.

Head short and transverse, somewhat produced in front, not
buccate posteriorly and often white-marked ; clypeus subdiscrete
and a little broader than long, more or less impressed, basally
elevated and apically rounded but not excised ; mandibles broad,.
curved, subconstricted apically, with the teeth of nearly equal
length ; maxillary palpi simple ; eyes entire and not emarginate.
Antennae slender, filiform or subsetaceous, with the scape ovate
and apically hardly excised. Thorax somewhat narrow ; epi-
cnemia distinct ; metathorax stout, usually parallel-sided and.
dorsally scabriculous ; are® obsolete or wanting ; spiracles oval'
and not large. Scutellum simple, convex or gibbous, especially
when not pale. Abdomen narrow, subsessile and compressed at
the apex, smooth and nitidulous ; petiolar spiracles a little before
the centre ; second and third segments margined ; terebra dis-
tinctly exserted. Legs slender, with hind pair elongate ; posterior
tibia? bicalcarate, with the tarsal claws simple. Wings normal,
often a little clouded ; areolet irregularly rhomboidal ; radius
emitted slightly before the centre of the stigma, nervelet usually
distinct ; hind wings with the nervellus intercepted above the
centre and the first radial abscissa only half the length of the
second.

liange. Europe, Madeira, Teneriffe, Himalayas, Malay Archi-
pelago, North America, Brazil.

Thomson points out (Op. Ent. xxii, p. 2414) that this genus is
separable from Banchus by its entire eyes, which, though not
uniform in shape, are never emargiuate, the subentire scape and
simple scutellurn ; the external orbits are not flavidous, the
mandibles have the upper tooth obliquely truncate and somewhat
longer than the lower, and the areolet, though large and rhom-
boidal, is yet smaller and seldom sessile ; the recurrent nervure
of the hind wings intercepts the radius in its first third and [is-
shorter and slightly oblique.

Talk of Species.

1 (4) Hind metatarsus clear red.

2 (3) Mesonotum finely and obsoletely punc-

tate ; length 8-12 millim ......... cinctipes, Retz., p. 244-

3 (2) Mesonotum closely and coriaceously

punctate ; length 14 millim ....... tisiphone, sp. n., p. 246.

4 (1) Hind metatarsus infuscate or black.

5 (6) Mesonotum glabrous and less convex . nigripes, Grav., p. 247.

6 (5) Mesonotum punctate and more convex.

7 (8) Fron.s closely punctate and dull ; areo-

let subsessile .................... lucifer, sp. n., p. 248.

E2

244 ICHIfETTMONIDJE.

8 (7) Frons sparsely punctate ; areolet sub-

petiolate.

9 (10) Metanotum convex, not sulcate, with

all costse wanting nitidus, Cam., p. 249.

10 (9) Metunotum centrally strongly sulcate,

with basal costte fornicator, F., p. 250.

171. Exetastes cinctipes, Eetz.

Ichneumon atrator, Forster, Nov. Spp. Ins., 1771, p. 84 ( $ ) ; cf.

Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 903 (?).
Ichneumon cinctipes, Retzius, Ins. 1783, p. 168 ($ ).
Ichneumon osculatorius, Fabricius, Mant. Ins. i, 1787, p. 261 (tf).
Ichneumon claoator, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. ii, 1793, p. 151 ( $ ).
Ophion clavator, Fabncius, Piez. 1804", p. 134 ($ ).
Ophion tarsator, Fabricius, 1. c. ( $ ).

Exetastes osculatorius, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 413 ( c? ).
Exetastes clavator, Gravenhorst, /. c. p. 405 ( $ ) ; Vollenhoven,

Pinac. pi. xvii, fig. 3 (rf $).

Tryphun tarsator, Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 1840, p. 386.
Exetattes tarsator, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, no. 8, p. 159

(<?$)•

Exetastes cinctipes, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xxii, 1897, p. 2414 ;
Morley, Ichn. Brit, iii, 1908, p. 291 (rf $).

3 $ . A black and slender species, with the metatarsus always,
and most of the c? abdomen, red. Head somewhat narrowed
behind the eyes ; face evenly and distinctly punctate ; d" with the
palpi testaceous and basally infuscate, the mandibles (except their
infuscate teeth), the face and cheeks, flavous ; clypeus shagreened
and deplanate, with a few scattered punctures and the apex sub-
truncate, of d flavous and of $ rarely badious. Antennae setaceous
and about as long as the body, with the basal flagellar joint nearly
twice as long as the second ; of $ with the scape usually pale
below, of $ with eight or nine of the central joints white.
Thorax narrower than the head, punctate and somewhat nitidu-
lous ; of 3 with a line before, and another transversely beneath,
the radix and sometimes two pectoral marks, flavous ; inetathorax
dorsally evenly subrugulose throughout, with no trace of areas or
petiolar costa ; spiracles linear. Scutellum distinctly punctate
and black, of d nearly always apically flavidous or white ; post-
scutellum basally bifoveolate. Abdomen glabrous and nitidulous,
black ; in $ immaculate, in c? with the apex of the basal segment
sometimes castaneous, the second and third usually mainly red,
the fourth black and nearly always with its base rufescent, its
ventral plica pale testaceous ; basal segment slightly curved and
gradually dilated apically, with the postpetiole nearly double the
width of the petiole ; second and third segments of about equal
length ; terebra half the length of the basal segment. Legs
slender, pale red. with the finely punctate coxa3 and trochanters
black, or in <$ with the anterior flavidous beneath ; tarsi always
red, with the three central joints of the hind ones stramineous ;
anterior tarsi of $ infuscate. Winys hardly clouded aud not

EXETASTES. 245

broad, with the narrow stigma rufescent ; tegulse of tf flavidous
or ferruginous, of § piceous ; areolet subsessile ; nervellus inter-
cepting far above the centre.

Length 8-12 millim.

Among several hundreds of this species which I have bred in,
England the variation is surprisingly small. In both sexes the
second to fourth hind tarsal joints are normally white, rarely
flavous after death, and occasionally with the base of the fifth
concolorous ; the extent of sessility of the areolet varies somewhat
and it is sometimes subpetiolate ; the nervelet is also of variable
length and often obsolete. The c? has the scutellum usually
flavous at its apex, sometimes the apical half or the whole
scutellum (except its base) is flavous, at others it is entirely
black or with two subobsolete flavous spots at its extreme apex ;
the c? antennae, which normally bear no central pale band,
occasionally exhibit more or less distinct traces of one, and very
rarely the band is quite evident ; the mesonotum is laterally
flavous in typical examples, but sometimes more or less castaneous,
or with this colour reduced to mere dots, rarely entirely wanting ;
the mesopleurae, generally in part flavous, are sometimes im-
maculate ; the pronotuui is occasionally flavous or bimaculate ;
the J abdomen is never quite black, though the extent of the
rufescent coloration is very variable ; the femora are very rarely
infuscate, almost always pale at their extreme base, which is very
rarely quite white. The $ varies but very slightly in having the
usually entirelv black abdomen rufescent at 'the thyridii and apical
margin in the second segment ; and its intermediate femora are
almost always nigrescent towards their base.

It will, however, be found that the clear red basal hind tarsal
joint at once distinguishes this species from all others of its genus,
except my new E. tisiplione.

A detailed description of the larva (first described by me in
Ent. Mo. Mag. 1903, p. 163) and cocoon (cf. De Geer, Mem. ii,
p. 849, pi. xxix) of this species is given in my "British Ich-
neumons" (iii, p. 293), where it is also stated that the host-
caterpillar is consumed before attaining the pupal state ; that
the parasitic larvae probably evacuate their hosts while the latter
are passing the daytime below ground, and there spend the winter,
since their cocoons are usually found whilst potatoes are being
dug in the autumn. A large percentage of the pupae are des-
troyed by mould and the hyperparasitic attacks of the Ophionid
Mesocliorus mandibularis, Thorns., and a species of CHALCIDIDJE.
The time of emergence is during June and July in Britain.

In Europe it is an extremely abundant species in gardens
throughout the central and northern regions, extending to
Lapland ; it has been bred from Mamestra brassicce, Hadena
olcracea, Retinia pinicolana and Miana furuncula, and may be
frequently observed on umbelliferous flower-heads. The only
Oriental example I have seen is a J from West wood's collection,
now in the Oxford Museum, which is labelled "India, Boys."

246

ICHXEUHONID.E.

172. Exetastes tisiphone, sp. n.

d . A black and somewhat slender species, with the metatarsus
and whole legs (except basally) red. Head somewhat broad
behind the eyes ; face evenly and distinctly punctate, with the
palpi int'uscate and the mandibles equally acutely bidentate ;
clypeus glabrous, with a row of distinct punctures before its
evenly rounded apex ; cheeks fully as long as the basal width of
the mandibles. Antenna black, filiform, and about as long as the
body, with the basal flagellar joint half as long again as the
second. Thorax not narrower than head, closely and coriaceously
punctate throughout and somewhat dull, with no pale radical
marks ; metathorax with fine
erect pilosity, but no carinse ;
spiracles linear. Scvtellum dis-
tinctly punctate and black, not
very shining, with its basal fovea
conspicuously glabrous. Abdo-
men linear, impunctate and very
strongly nitidulous, entirely
black ; basal segment more than
twice as long as apically broad,
very slightly widened through-
out, with the somewhat con-
spicuous spiracles before the
centre ; spiracles of second and
third segments at their basal
two-thirds ; ventral valvulse ex-
serted and somewhat large. Legs
slender and elongate, pale red,
with only the finely punctate coxae and trochanters black ; four
apical joints of hind tarsi stramineous, their claws red, slender
and simple. Wings a little siliceous, with the narrow stigma
rufescent ; tegulae black ; areolet subsessile, emitting the broadly
fenestrate recurrent nervure from its centre ; internal cubital
nervure with elongate nervelet ; radius very slightly curved above
areolet.

Length 14 millim.

SIKKIM, 4000 ft., iv.94 (Col. Bingham}.
Type in the British Museum.

This species is closely allied to E. cinctipes, Eetz., in its meta-
tarsal colour, though the body is deep shining black, which,
together with the raesonotal punctation, more closely allies it
to E. fornicutor, Fab. The elongate nervelet is similar to that of
E. femorator, Desv. Described from a single specimen.

Fig. 60. — Exetastes tisij)hone, Mori.

EXETASTES. 247

173. Exetastes nigripes, Grav.

E.retastes nigripes, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 416, excl.

var. ; Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forst. iii, 1852, p. 94; Holmgren, Sv.

Ak. Handl. 1854, p. 26 ; op. cit. 1858, no. 8, p. 153 ; Thomson,

Opusc. Ent. xxii, 1897, p. 2315 (rf § ).
Var. Exetastes illusor, Gravenhorst, op. cit. p. 427; Holmgren,

op. cit. 1858, no. 8, p. 151 ; Thomson, op. cit. p. 2416 (J $) ;

Morley, Ent. Mo. Mag. 1903, p. 160 (£); cf. Vollenhoven,

Pinac. pi. xvii, fig. 4.

c? $ . Shining, punctate, black. Head punctate and somewhat
narrowed behind the eyes ; of $ immaculate, of <$ usually with a
mark at the clypeal orbits, and another at the centre or base of
the mandibles, navous ; clypeus deplanate, a little elevated basally
and rounded apically ; mandibles curved, with the teeth of equal
length. Antennae, setaceous, about as long as the body and
strongly attenuate towards their apices, with the basal flagellar
joint one-third longer than the second. Thorax stout, gibbous,
punctate and narrower than the head ; metathorax rugose, or
in J strongly punctate above, with the areae incomplete and
spiracles linear. Scutellum black. Abdomen fusiform, glabrous
and nitidulous, apically subcom pressed, narrower than the thorax;
black, with the apex of the first segment and whole of the second
to fourth red, or with the two latter apically infuscate ; basal
segment narrow, nearly thrice as long as broad, slightly dilated
apically, with the tubercles a little prominent ; second and third
of equal length, the fifth rarely basally rufescent ; terebra half as
long again as the basal segment, with linear valvulae. Legs
very long, the anterior pairs slender ; front ones more or less
fulvescent or ferruginous, with the coxa9, trochanters and base of
femora always black ; hind ones not slender, nearly always entirely
black, though rarely with the tibiae basally ferruginous ; tf with
the third and fourth hind tarsal joints white. Wings slightly
clouded ; stigma infuscate-fulvescent, tegulse black, radix and
radius infuscate ; areolet sessile.

Length 7-11 millim.

SIKKIM : Darjiling, 6000 ft., x. 05 (E. Brunetti). EUROPE.

Type in the Breslau Museum.

Holmgren says it may be known by the colour of the legs,
adding that the wing nervures are similar to those of E. femora tor,
from which Thomson distinguishes it solely by the colour of the
hind femora.

This species varies very considerably in the colour of the legs
and also slightly in the markings on the head of the c?; in
my J d1 of the var. illusor, which has the abdomen red, the
anterior coxse and trochanters are broadly marked with flavous,
and the scutellum apically dotted with the same colour ; Graven-
horst mentions a $ with the hind tarsi infuscate throughout ;
and I have a 2 intermediate in coloration between the typical

248 ICHNEUMONID.E.

and varietal forms, having the legs black, with the anterior tibia?
and the basal half of the hind femora red.

A remarkable abnormal 6 of this species, taken by Dr. Capron
in Surrey, is no\v in my collection, in which the nervellus does
not. touch the first recurrent nervure at all, but is emitted by the
median a quarter of a millimetre beyond the emission of the first
recurrent ; in all other respects the specimen is normal, with red
legs and immaculate scutellum.

This species is not uncommon on the continent of Europe in
June in woody and grassy places ; Eatzeburg has bred it in
Germany from Diacrisia lubricipeda and Cucullia arlemisice iu July;
Dr. Giraud has raised the var. illusor in France from Pieris
brassica, and, in Prussia, Brischke also bred it from Hadena
contiyua. It is by no means an uncommon species in Britain,
though the type form appears to be much the rarer.

It has been bred from a dozen Bombycid and Pierid hosts, but
especially from the pupse of Noctuid moths, and is very beneficial
in destroying such pests as Pieris brassicce, Polia oleracea and
Baraihra brctssicce.

The only Indian specimen I have seen is a male, taken by
Brunetti at Darjiling along with several Palaearctic Bassids, and
this circumstance strengthens my conviction that the insect is
nothing but a melanic form of the var. illusor, Grav., with red
hind femora, of this common species. It is, however, a somewhat
small specimen of only 8 raillim., with the abdomen immaculate
black, though in all other particulars entirely typical.

174. Exetastes lucifer, sp. n.

J. A bright species, with pale scutellum and red abdomen.
Head transverse and somewhat narrowed behind the eyes ; face,
clypeus and mandibles pubescent, dull, closely punctate and
flavous ; clypeus subdiscrete, not short, centrally impressed,
apically rounded and brunneous ; epistoma prominent. Antenna
elongate, apically gradually attenuate and as long as the body,
with the twelfth to nineteenth flagellar joints flavous throughout,
and the basal only one-third longer than the second. Thorax
stout and punctate, black, with only the pronotum white ; meso-
notum closely and very finely punctate, with no trace of notauli ;
metathorax very strongly punctate, with the arete and apophyses
entirely wanting, pettolar area barely indicated basally ; spiracles
linear. Scutellum bright flavous, with its extreme base alone
black. Abdomen fusiform, glabrous and subnitidulous, pilose and
broadest behind the centre ; red, with the extreme base and three
or four anal segments infuscate ; first segment slightly curved
and a little dilated towards the apex, with the postpetiole but
slightly broader than the petiole; second and third segments
subequal in length ; anus subcompressed, with the valvulae not
exserted. Legs normal and red ; cox» and trochanters black,
with the front ones flavous beneath ; hind larsi, apices of their

EXETASTES. 249

tibiae ami of their femora, black, the central joints of the tarsi
clear white. Wings subhyaline, with the stigma and radix clear
fulvous ; tegulaB entirely stramineous and the nervelet short.

Length 10 millim.

ASSAM (W. F. Sadgley).

Type in the British Museum.

This species is extremely closely allied to the common European
E. yuttatorius, Grav., and indeed may be little more than a local
form, though materially differing in the colour of its head and
legs, as well as in having the hind legs much longer, abdomen
duller, head broader, mesonotum less closely punctate and more
nitidulous, metathorax distinctly larger, areolet much more oblique
with its outer nervure quite straight, the radius less curved and
the nervelet longer. I have seen but a single example.

175. Exetastes nitidus, Cam.

Rretastes nitidus, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1906,
p. i>74 ( ? ).

2 . A stout black species, with the abdomen and legs mainly
red, the petiole short and the wings slightly clouded. Head stout
and subbuccate behind the somewhat small eyes ; vertex finely and
sparsely punctate, frons closely and evenly ; face equally evenly

Fig. Gl. — Exetastes nitidus, Cain.

punctate, clypeus and centre of mandibles ferruginous. Antennae
immaculate black, as long as body, attenuate towards the apices
and at base, with the first flagellar joint curved and twice as long

250 ICHXEUMONIDJE.

as the second. TJiorax stout and black, with the mesonotum
irregularly and obsoletely punctate, subglabrous ; metathorax with
no costa3, basally impressed in the centre ; petiolar area short and
subconcave, spiracles linear. Scutellum black, a little convex, with
distinct punctures. Abdomen glabrous, nitidulous, red, with the
first segment basally and anus from apex of fourth black ; basal
segment but; slightly longer than apically broad, discally impressed
in the centre, impunctate, and gradually dilated throughout;
terebra stout and black, somewhat shorter than the basal segment.
Leys elongate and red, with all the coxae, the anterior trochanters,
hind ones basally, their tarsi, and basal half of their externally
spinose tibiae, black ; hind calcaria strongly unequal. Wings
obscurely siliceous, especially beyond the centre ; radix and tegulae
ochreous, costa and nervures infuscate, stigma pale fulvous; areo-
let rhomboidal, subpetiolate, not higher than broad and emitting
the strongly sinuate and broadly bifenestrate recurrent uervure
from its centre ; radius distinctly curved above the areolet ;
internal cubital broadly pellucid, with the nervelet elongate ;
nervellus emitted from the curved and very strongly postfurcal
first recurrent nerrure of hind wings very slightly below its
junction with the median.

Lenytli 11 millim.

BALUCHISTAX : Quetta, v. 03 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species resembles E. Icevigator, Vill., in its general con-
formation and colour, but the antennae are much longer and the
petiolar area ill-defined ; in size, antennal conformation, the
structure of the legs and wings, it exactly agrees with E. for-
nicator, F., of which it may be a variety, though lacking the
metanotal costae.

Col. Nurse has kindly allowed me to draw the above description
from the unique type.

176. Exetastes fornicator, F.

Ichneumon fornicator, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. i, p. 432 ( 2 ).

Banchus fornicator, Fabricius, Piez. 1804, p. 827 (£).

Exetastes fornicator, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 404 ;
Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, no. 8, p. 160; Vollenhoven,
Pinac. pi. xvii, fiar. 2 ; Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xxii, 1897, p. 2415

Tryphonforntcfitor, Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp. 1840, p. 386.

c? $ . A large, stout, black species, with often clouded wings
and elongate unicolorous antennae. Head somewhat broad behind
the eyes, with fulvescent pilosity ; frons very slightly impressed
and punctate ; face flat and distinctly punctate ; mouth produced,
with the apex of the shagreened clypeus deflexed throughout ;
mandibles subparallel-sided, with the teeth of equal length. An-
tenna filiform, apically attenuate, those of rf as long as the body,

EXETASTES. TEGONA. 25-1

of $ somewhat shorter ; basal flagellar joint nearly double the
length of the second. Thorax stout and gibbulous ; mesonotum
distinctly and evenly punctate, metathorax rugosely punctate,
strongly sulcate centrally, with the area? obsolete and the spiracles
linear. Scutellum convex and strongly punctate, black. Abdomen
glabrous and nitidulous, fusiform and laterally clavate, as long
as the head and thorax or slightly longer, black ; basal segment
quite twice as long as broad, gradually subdilated apically and
punctulate laterally, with the tubercles a little before the centre ;
second and third segments rarely obsoletely badious, transverse
and of about equal length, with the following segments shorter ;
terebra about half the length of the basal segment or one-sixth of
the abdomen. Legs normal ; bright fulvous, with all the coxae
and trocbanters jet-back ; hind ones longer and stouter, with
their tarsi, except usually their fifth joint, and apices of their tibiae
infuscate. Wings usually considerably clouded, with the stigma
and radix piceous or ferruginous ; the tegulae blackish ; areolet
hardly petiolate and emitting the recurrent nervure from near
its centre ; uervellus intercepted far above its centre.

Length 9-13 millim.

KASHMIR, 8000-9000 ft., vi.Ol (Col. Nurse). EUROPE.

This species is rendered abundantly distinct by its entirely
black abdomen, Avhich rarely has the second or third segment
apically castaneous, the terebra nearly half the length of the first
segment, and its elongate pulvilli. It is one of the largest
Paloearctic species of this genus and I am unaware that its range
has hitherto been known to extend outside Europe,

Brischke (Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1882, p. 198) describes the
cocoon as " cylindrical, with a thin shining black double cuticle."

It is said to be very common in Central Europe in woody and
grassy places upon umbelliferous flowers from June to August,
sometimes upon Angelica sylvestris in September, and rarely found
as late as the beginning of October ; it is a well-known parasite
of Folia oleracea according to Van Vollenhoven, and Brischke has
bred it in Prussia from Envpusada balsamitce. I was surprised
to find a male in Col. Nurse's collection, taken in Kashmir.

Genus TEGONA, gen. nov.
Teffona, Cam. MS.

GENOTYPE, T. rufipes, sp. n.

The genus has all the superficial facies, the large areolet, sub-
compressed abdomen, exserted terebra and scabriculous meta-
thorax, of E.retastes, but materially differs in the conformation of
the clypeus, which is not transversely impressed but subcontinuous
with the face, strongly elongate, beak-like, laterally straight and
concave apically ; the cheeks also are elongate and longer than
the basal width of the mandibles ; while the tarsal claws are so

252

ICIINEUMOXIDjE.

strongly pectinate below as to be almost dentate. The corneous
base of the rhomboidal areolet and the elongate legs are also
remarkable.

Range. Simla.

I can find this genus described in none of Mr. Cameron's papers
with which I am acquainted and, since a direct appeal to him for
a knowledge of the publication has elicited no reply, I am led to
regard it as a hitherto MS. name.

177. Tegona rufipes, sp. n.

Tegona ntjipcs, Cameron MS. ( $ ).

c? $ . Head not very broad behind the prominent eyes, vertex
subconcave on either side, frons closely and finely punctate ; face
of tf flavous, of 5 with a broad flavidous transverse fascia beyond
its centre ; clypeus very little convex, dull, with elongate setae,

hardly shorter than broad and
apically concave, of tf flavous,
and of $ with its apical half,
a dot at apices of cheeks and
the mandibles (except their
strong teeth), flavous. AnienncK
of <5 rufescent, filiform and
slender, becoming apically
darker. Thorax subcylindrical
and black, with a callosity in <3
before and in $ below the
radices, an obscure line before
them and the apex of the sub-
deplanate scutelluin, flavous ;
rnetathorax scabriculous-punc-
tate with no costae, the base
slightly impressed centrally
and the spiracles linear, Ab-
domen nitidulous and entirely
red ; basal segment elongate
and subparallel-sided ; terebra

half the length of the basal segment, valvulae with dark pubescence
and apically obtuse, spiculared and strongly acuminate. Legs very
long and red, with all the coxae, trochanters, and in $ anterior
femora above, black ; onychii and apices of hind tibiae infuscate ;
hind tarsi (except the fulvous basal two-thirds of their first joint)
stramineous. Wings hyaline, slightly siliceous ; radix, tegulae,
and stigma fulvidous, costa and nervures infuscate ; areolet
rhomboidal, with its short petiole broadly corneous, emitting the
straight and unifenestrate recurrent nervure from its centre ;
nervelet distinct ; upper basal nervure emitted from the median
distinctly before the lower; radius slightly curved above the

Fig. 62.— Tegona rvfipes, Mori.

TEGOXA. — BACCHUS. 253

areolet and apically reflexed ; nervellus emitted from the curved
and very strongly postfurcal first recurrent of hind wings very
slightly below its junction with the median.

Length 14 millini.

PUXJAB : Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type 5 in Col. Nurse's collection, 3 in the Oxford Museum.

Genus BANCHUS, F.

Banchus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. Suppl. 1798, p. 209.
Cidaphurus, Forster, Verb. pr. Kheinl. xxv, 1868, p. 159.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon volulatorius, L.

Head shortly transverse, a little narrower than the thorax and
constricted behind the subreniform and always internally emar-
ginute eyes ; clypeus subdiscrete and apically emarginate ;
inandibular teeth obtuse and unequal ; maxillary palpi with the
fourth joint of 3 often strongly dilated, of $ a little incrassate.
Antennae somewhat slender, subfiliform, with the scape deeply
excised ; longer in 3 • Thorax convex ; notauli elongate and, at
least posteriorly, entire ; metathorax short and scabrous with no
areae ; apophyses stout and sometimes connected by a central
carina; spiracles linear. Scutellum triangular and apically
obtuse, gibbous or convex, often with a more or less acuminate
discal spine. Abdomen sessile or subsessile, smooth and nitidu-
lous, longer and usually narrower than the thorax, dorsally
convex and laterally compressed especially in the $ ; basal
segment hardly broader apically, slightly canaliculate, with the
lateral tubercle before the centre ; anus of d obtuse, with seg-
ments five to seven very short, of $ with segments five to eight
usually elongately exserted ; terebra not or hardly exserted. Legs
elongate and not unusually stout, their tarsal claws pectinate.
Wings somewhat narrow, usually subfulvescent ; areolet always
entire, usually very large and irregularly subrhomboidal ; stigma
not small ; radial cell lanceolate with its lower side often much
•curved.

Range. India, Europe, Canada, United States, Brazil.

"W". A. Schulz has examined the type of Banchus annulatus, !\,
described from India, and states that it is a Pompilus, and con-
specific with P. (Episyron) multipictus, Smith.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Scutellum with no trace of apical

spine armillatus, sp. n., p. 254.

2 (1) Scutellum with a very distinct

apical spine.

3 (4) Apical scutellar spine stout and

straight flavomaculatus, Cam., p, 255.

4 (3) Apical scutellar spine acuminate

and deflexed nox, sp. n., p. 255.

254 ICHXEUMONIDJE.

178. Banclms armillatns, sp. n.

o. A small, black and yellow species, with fulvous femora.
Head not very narrow behind the prominent and internally hardly
einarginate eyes, stramineous, with the occiput broadly black above,
and the frons and vertex bearing a common quadrate black spot ;
face nitidulous, very finely punctate and discrete from the apically
margined clypeus by a semicircular sulcus ; cheeks aubobsolete ; ex-
treme apices of the broad mandibles black ; palpi normal. Antennae
black, filiform and as long as body, with the scape and two basal
flagellar joints flavescent beneath, and the twelfth to twenty-second
joints clear white. Thorax black and somewhat shining ; meso-
notum with discal stripes and a hamate mark on either side in front,
prothorax entirely, mesosternum and broad marks on their pleurae,
callosities before and beneath all the radices, and the apical half
of the metathorax except a dot at its extreme apex, flavous ;
metanotuin finely trans-aciculate throughout, its spiracles small,
parallel-sided and very short, with apophyses obsolete. Scutellum
glabrous, flavous and simply convex ; postscutellnm, and the
apical lateral carinae of both, concolorous. Abdomen glabrous and
strongly nitidulous, apically pubescent, hardly longer than head
and thorax, narrower than the latter and apically compressed ;
black, with the apical half of all the segments broadly flavous, as
is also the subcanaliculate base of the apically unimpressed first
segment ; ventral fold strong, valvulae black and exserted. Legs
normal and flavous, with the tibiae distinctly spiuose ; hind coxae
externally, their trochanters and tibiae basally, apices of the latter
broadly, and of their fulvous femora narrowly, black ; tarsi nigre-
scent, the hind ones (except their apical joint) pure white, as are
their calcaria which extend to centre of metatarsi. Wings clear
hyaline, radix and tegulae flavous, costa nigrescent, stigma cen-
trally ferruginous ; areolet distinctly small, transversely trian-
gular, subpetiolate, and emitting the recurrent nervure harcllv
before its apex ; radial cell sublanceolate, its nervure apically
quite straight and basally curved ; first recurrent of hind wing
opposite, and emitting the nervellus but slightly above its junction
with the posterior nervure.

Length 7 millim.

NICOBAB ISLANDS (Col. Bingliam).

Type in the British Museum.

The small and distinctly triangular areolet, obsolete apophyses,
very short spiracles and hardly emarginate eyes are somewhat in-
congruous in this genus, to which, however, this species is more
closely related than any other yet erected ; and I do not consider
these minor distinctions worthy of generic rank.

Described from a single specimen.

BANCHUS. 255

179. Banchus flavomaculatus, Cam.

Cidapkurus Jlavomaculatus, Cameron, Zeits. Hym. -Dip. 1904,
p.346(d).

d1 . A pi'ofusely black-marked red species, with only the mouth
and pronotum flavous. Head not strongly constricted behind the
internally emarginate eyes, ochreous, with the bordered occiput
and ocellar region, frontal marks, cheeks, apices of mandibles
and a parallel-sided and entire facial line, black ; face deplanate
and distinctly punctate, obsoletely discrete from the smoother
clypeus ; mandibles apically subtridentate, with the upper tooth
the longer ; palpal joints normal and cylindrical. Antennae not
elongate, apically attenuate, black, with the flagellum fulvidous
and the scape ochreous beneath. Thorax stout, evenly and dis-
tinctly punctate, red, with profuse black markings ; metathorax
convex, scabrous, with indistinct punctures and its basal half
black ; petiolar costa alone laterally strong, spiracles elongate and
apophyses obtuse. Scutellum and postscutellum red and strongly
convex, the former with an apical short stout straight black spine.
Abdomen strongly compressed throughout, nitidulous, obsoletely
punctate and red, with the basal half of all the segments black ;
basal segment not impressed, constricted beyond the strongly
dentiform spiracles at its basal third ; ventral segments red ;
valvulae subexserted. Legs red, with the hind trochanters, an
external line on the posterior coxa3 and another beneath all the
femora, black ; hind calcaria strongly unequal, front ones and the
basal joint of their tarsi sinuate. Wings siliceous throughout ;
stigma and nervures piceous, radix and tegulae ochreous ; areolet
rhomboidal, distinctly sessile and not large, emitting the recurrent
nervure from its centre ; discoidal cell apically acute below ; radius
slightly curved above areolet ; nervellus emitted from the very
strongly postfurcal first recurrent nervure of lower wings hardly
before its junction with the median nervure.

Length 10 rnillim.

PUNJAB : Simla, v. 97 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

The genus Cidaphurus, in which Cameron places this species,
was distinguished from the remainder of Sanchus, by Eorster in
1868, by its possession of .a scutellar spine, but since every other
feature is analogous with Gravenhorst's genus, I do not consider
it has any right to a separate existence ; and I am not aware that
any systematist has yet made use of it. A great many of Forster's
genera are based upon trivial and sometimes merely sexual
characters.

The present species strongly resembles the c? of our common
European Banchus pictus ; I have seen only the type.

180. Banchus nox, sp. n.

c? . A black species, profusely marked with flavous and its hind
femora with red. Head narrow behind the internally strongly

256

ICIIXEUMONID.E.

Fig. <>3.— BancJtu snox, Mori.

emurginate eyes ; bright flavous, with only the occiput, vertex,
scrobes, a narrow longitudinal facial line and a spot at base

of mandibles, black ; face
./ evenly punctate throughout,
clypeus obsoletely discrete
and apically sinuate. An-
tennae not slender, apically
strongly attenuate, a little
shorter than body, black, with
the scape and the basal flagel-
lar joint (more obscurely)
flavous beneath. Thorax
somewhat dull, closely and
finely punctate; mesonotum
with hamate humeral lines,
most of prothorax, large and
small marks on ineso- and
meta-pleurae, the frenum, and
the entire petiolar area, flav-
ous; inetathorax scabriculous,
with only irregular costae at
base of petiolar area ; spiracles
linear. Scuiellum and postscutellum flavous, the former with a
deflexed and acuminate black spine, nearly as long as its total
length. Abdomen nitidulous, closely but obsoletely punctate,
black, with the apices of all the dorsal and ventral segments
broadly rufescent-flavous ; basal segment sublinear, more than
twice as long as apically broad, with the prominent spiracles
distinctly before its centre ; ventral valvulae rufescent and
subcoucealed. Legs : anterior pairs flavous, with the tibiae and
tarsi rufesceut, the femora with a black line below, the basal joint
of front tarsi distinctly sinuate and pectinate, and its calcar
equally curved ; hind legs black, with the coxae and extreme apex
of trochauters with flavous marks, the femora entirely above and
their tibiae obscurely internally ferruginous ; calcaria very unequal
in length. Wings normal and subhyaline ; radix and tegulae
flavous, costa piceous and stigma ferruginous ; areolet normal,
lower external angle of first discoidal cell acute ; nervellus curved
at its apex and intercepting the very strongly postf urcal recurrent
nervure very slightly below its junction with the median.
Length 11 millim.

ASSAM : Shillong, Khasi Hills, 6000 ft., on flowers of Spirata,
x. 03 (Rowland Turner).

Type in the British Museum.

This species has much the facies of the common Palaearctic
B. fiictus, F., but is more profusely decorated, and the scutellar
spine somewhat relates it to Wesmael's subgenus Coryneplianus.
Described from a single male.

257

Genus FINTONA, Cam.
Fintona, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1909, p. 726.

GENOTYPE, F. nigripalpis, Cam.

The single female at present representing this genus is Cryptid
in facies, with a triangular areolet of normal size. The basal
segment is, however, distinctly sessile, as in Cryptopimpla, Tasch.
(Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1863, p. 292), which it also resembles in its
short terebra; here the analogy terminates ; for the tarsi are dis-
tinctly pectinate and the flagellar joints cylindrical throughout.
It nevertheless undoubtedly belongs to the PIMPI/INJE, among
which the conformation of the areolet, claws, and thorax place it in
the BANCHLDES, though some resembance is exhibited toAlloplasta.
The pectinate claws, simple frons and clypeus, abdominal sculpture
and coloration will distinguish it in the present tribe. Its author,
however, places this genus (loc. cit.) in the CTEXOPELMINI tribe of
TnYpHo>riKyE, remarking on its relationship with Eczetesis, Forst.,
and its Ophionid facies.

181. Fintona nigripalpis, Gam.

Fintona n if/ ripalpis, Cameron,* Jouni. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1909,
p. 726 ($).

$ . A dull, black species, with the abdomen and legs mainly
red. Head distinctly transverse and contracted behind the
prominent eyes, dull black and closely punctate, with a short
longitudinal sulcus before the central ocellus; face immaculate,

broader than long and parallel-
sided, evenly punctate and
shortly white-pilose, with the
epistoma slightly elevated and
discrete from the convex pice-
ous and subtriangular clypeus ;
mandibles nearly parallel-sided,
apically curved and obtusely
bidentate, basally white above':
palpi stout and piceous, with
the joints submoniliform and
pilose. Antennae nearly as
long as the body, immaculate
black, with the basal flagellar
joints elongate and the apical
subsetaceous. Thorax dull
Fig. 64.— Fintona nigripalpis, Cam. black and distinctly punctate

throughout, with thepronotum

somewhat broadly ochreous; notauli and sternauli entirely
wanting ; metathorax granulose and shortly pilose, with an obso-
lete longitudinal discal sulcus ; petiolar area very short, and
distinctly carinate basally ; spiracles small and circular, apophyses

258 ICHNETIMONIDJ3.

wanting. Scutellum black, punctate, somewhat nitidulous, convex
and simple. Abdomen dull red, with the basal segment entirely
and (he anus black, elongate-fusiform, with the first three seg-
ments distinctly punctate ; basal segment irregularly scabriculous,
twice as long as apically broad, subelevated discally near its base
and laterally straight, with the spiracles before its centre ; the
three following segments slightly elevated apically ; anus glabrous
and subcom pressed, with the hypopygium extending to the apex
but not produced ; terebra shorter than the basal segment, with
the stout spicula fulvous and the valvulae black. Legs slender and
somewhat elongate, dull red, with all the coxae and trochanters,
posterior tarsi, hind tibiae and apices of their femora, black ; tarsi
distinctly pectinate beneath, calcaria of unequal length. Wings
hyaline and not broad ; stigma black, tegulae piceous ; areolet
triangular and not small, emitting the broadly fenestrate second
recurrent nervure a little before its centre ; internal cubital some-
what sharply curved with no nervelet ; nervellus distinctly
postfurcal and intercepted below its centre.

Lent/th 9 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Described from the unique type specimen.

Genus EPONITES, Cam.
Epomtes, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1905, p. 77.
GENOTYPE, E. nificornis, Cam.

Frons broadly and deeply impressed transversely below the
widely separated ocelli to outer side of scrobes, and centrally
longitudinally sulcate between two compressed obtuse and flabel-
lattT horns just above and within the scrobes ; eyes internally
emarginate ; clypeus strongly transverse, basally curved, apically
truncate ; ligula short and spiniform ; mandibles stout and
parallel-sided, with the much larger upper tooth obliquely truncate
and the subobsolete lower one obtuse. Scape subcircular ;
flagellum stout, in $ hardly longer than the head and thorax and
in d1 shorter than the body ; basal joint hardly twice as long as
broad, the remainder rapidly becoming transverse. Thorax stout
and convex, but little longer than high ; mesonotum distinctly
punctate, with no notauli ; metathorax very short and low, though
hardly narrower than mesothorax, evenly and somewhat deeply
punctate, with all the costae wanting and the spiracles linear.
Scutellum large, simple and flavous ; postscutellum sometimes
obsolete. Abdomen as in Banchus. Hind legs of normal length
and distinctly stout, with the tarsi somewhat short and their claws
obsoletely pectinate basally. Wings a little clouded, normal ;
areolet large, not rhomboidal, triangular and internally produced ;
upper basal emitted from the median nervure distinctly before the
lower basal ; nervellus emitted from the strongly postfurcal first

EPONITES.

259'

recurrent of lower wings immediately below its junction with the
median.

Range. Northern India.

In its superficial outline, black and flavous coloration, dis-
position of the alar neuration (except its areolet) and the shape of
its abdomen, this genus strongly resembles Banchoides grcecar
Kriech., and is undoubtedly very closely related thereto, especially
in the short and low metathorax, incrassate hind legs (resembling
those of Catoglyptus) and, especially, the broadly triangular
areolet (somewhat resembling that of Metopius) ; ' but the very
peculiar frontal impressions, lamellate horns and obliquely trun-
cate mandibles will render it abundantly distinct. Its author
(loc. cit.) places it in the TEYPHO^INI and suggests no further
affinities ; but subsequently (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1906,.
p. 291) says "I am not certain as to its exact systematic position..
Nor am I certain if it will fit into any of the established tribes.
I believe its true position is in the BANCHHSTI"; wherein he is
undoubtedly correct, as I have shown above.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Scutellum not transverse; postscutellum distinct ruficornis jG-Am.

2 (1) Scutellum transverse; postscutellum obsolete . . 8cutellaris,s-p. n.

182. Eponites ruficornis, Cam.

Eponites nificornis, Cameron,* Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1905, p. 77 ( $ ) ,-
id., Journ. Bombay Nat. Soc. 1906, p. 291 (tf).

c? $ . Head shortly parallel-sided behind the hardly prominent
eyes ; black, with the external orbits broadly (often nearly
coalescing behind ocelli), the frontal orbits (sometimes extending as
far as the apical ocellus), face,
clypeus, mandibles (except at
apices), and the palpi, flavous.
Antennce (in type form) entirely
fulvous, with scape above black
and beneath flavous ; but flagel-
lum usually infuscate - ferru-
ginous ; of (S more elongate.
Thorax black, with an anteriorly
subhamate line extending to
above radices, a mark below it in
front, a long callosity beneath
and sometimes a small one be-
fore, radices, a transverse mark
on mesopleurse, and the meta-

Fig. 65.— Eponites ruficornis, Cam. thorax except at base and ex-
treme apex (and in type form
longitudinally above the hind coxae), flavous. Scutellum flavous,

260

sparsely and distinctly punctate, not or hardly broader than long,
with the postscutelluni always very distinct and flavous throughout.
Abdomen fusiform, nitidulous, finely pubescent and very obsoletely
punctate ; flavous, with the basal half of the first four or five
segments black (type form with basal segment only centrally
flavous at its apex) ; basal segment little narrowed basally, uniin
pressed, with spiracles distinctly before its centre ; anus com-
pressed ; terebra and male valvulae fulvidous, stout and subexserted.
Legs flavous, with extreme base of anterior, and underside of
hind, coxae black ; anterior femora lined beneath, the intermediate
above, their trochanters above, basal half of hind trochanters, and
their femora except below, black ; hind tarsi and apical half of
their tibiae, as well as the unequal calcaria, red ; front calcaria
strongly curved. Wings with a rosy reflection, and a little in-
fuinate towards their apices ; radix and front of tegulae flavidous ;
costa and stigma fulvous, nervures a little darker.

Length 8|-10| millim.

KASHMIB, 5000-6000 ft., v. 01 (Col. Nurse, type) ; SIKKIM :
Darjiling ; BEXGAL : Pusa, i.-iii. 1905 and 1906 (P'usa coll.).

Type $ in Col. Nurse's collection.

Col. Nurse has kindly allowed me to describe the typical female
of this species. I have also examined two males and two females
from Pusa which are apparently referable to the same species,
though a little larger in size, with darker antennae and the hind
femora discally pale.

183. Eponites scutellaris, sp. n.

$ . A black and flavous species, with the wings a little clouded,
the scutellum distinctly transverse and large, and the postscutellum
represented by a flavous callosity on either side.

Length 10 millim.

BENGAL : Pusa, iii. 06.

Type in the Pusa collection.

This insect so closely resembles E. ruficornis as to need no
detailed description ; it may be instantly recognised from it by its
larger and very much broader scutellum ; by the postscutellum
being centrally obsolete and represented only by a transverse pale
callosity on either side.

The only specimen I have seen was captured on Juar millet
(Andropogori).

TRYPHONINJE. 261

Subfamily TRYPHONIN^E.

The peculiar scarcity of the TBYPHONINJE in India is very
remarkable and is but partially accounted for by the restriction of
sawflies to the hill districts. That the latter are probably entirelv
confined to the mountains I am assured by Mr. Rowland Turner,
who found them very commonly on the top of the Khasi Hills,
about Shillong, at an altitude of 6000 feet, and has presented his
collection thence to the British Museum ; while the Eev. P. D.
Morice informs me that they are generally scarce throughout all
tropical countries. Eespectiug those of India but little is tit
present known, though Cameron has described a few and Konow
brought forward others from Sikkim (Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1908,
p. 19 et Entomologist, 1907, p. 3 ; &c.). The former is undoubtedly
correct when he says (Manch. Mem. 1900, p. 104) that " the
TEVPHOXIDES are very numerous in the northern parts of the
Palaearctic and probably also of the Nearctic zoological regions,
but are little known outside them. A large number are known to
be parasites on TENTHBEDINID^ " ; the only unfortunate circum-
stance, in this case, is that the species he ascribes to the present
subfamily proved upon my examination of the types to be referable
to the PIMPLIN^E. Nevertheless, scarcity of sawflies only accounts
for a corresponding diminution in the numbers of the TRYPHONIDES,
since the remaining tribes prey upon Lepidoptera, Diptera, &c.,
of which there is no lack.

Dalla Torre's Catalogue of 1901 enumerates but six Indian
species of this subfamily, all described as new by Cameron during
the years 1897-1900 ; and the latter subsequently brought forward
some twenty-five more, mainly well-known European forms under
new names, which I have had the opportunity of examining in
Col. Nurse's collection. Of these thirty-one, I believe twenty-
seven to be good species, I have recognised fourteen as described
by Continental authors, and I have discovered eighteen, which do
not appear to have hitherto been noticed, giving a total of sixty
kinds, which would appear very meagre when compared with the
four hundred species found in the British Isles.

The TEYPHONIN^ are for the most part very easily recognised
by their sessile abdomen, concealed terebra and deplanate body.
The typical tribe of the TRYPHCXNTDES, however, is liable to con-
fusion with those CBYPTIXJE which have the outer nervure of the
areolet wanting, and the males are at present very indifferently
separated from those of the LISSOXOTIDES (PIMPLIK^E), since no
good characters of discrimination have yet been enunciated. The
remaining tribes, nevertheless, are abundantly distinct from all
other ICHNEUMONID^E : the METOPIIDES by their square scutellum
and scutiform face, the SPHINCTIDES in the conformation of their
areolet and abdomen, and the BASSIDES in their tridentate
mandibles.

262 ICHNEUMONID.E.

Table of Tribes.

1 (2) Scutellum quadrate, apically produced ; face

scutate METOPIIDES, p. 262.

2 (1) Scutellum triangular, not produced; face

not scutate.

3 (4) Abdomen strongly fusiform and elongately

petiolate SPJIIKCTIDES, p. 272.

4 (3) Abdomen not strongly fusiform, usually

sessile.

5 (6) Upper rnandibular teeth apically bifid .... EASSIDES, p. 274.

6 (5) Upper mandibular teeth entire. ,

7 (8) Face very strongly protuberant; body

convex EXOCUIDES, p. 289.

8 (7) Face normal ; body deplanate or but slightly

convex TRTPHONIDES, p. 311.

It may perhaps be of use in the case of bred specimens to add a
table of the hosts to which the above tribes are generally supposed
to be more or less exclusively attached: —

METOPIIDES are usually parasitic upon BOMBYCID^; (Lepidoptera).
SPHINCTIDHS are usually parasitic upon COCHLIOPODID^ (Lepidoptera).
BASSIDES are usually parasitic upon SYHPHIDJE (Diptera).
EXOCHIDES are usually parasitic upon TORTRICIDJE (Lepidoptera).
TRYPHONIDES are usually parasitic upon TENTHREDINID.S: (Hymen-
optera).

Tribe METOPIIDES.

The tribe METOPIIDES was divided from the remainder of the
TRYPHONINJ*; by Holmgren under the name TRYPHCXNTDES-ASPIDOPI
(Sv. Ak. Handl. 1855, p. 98) on account of the apically truncate
scutellum, the apical angles of which are produced, but this
characteristic is lacking in one of our Indian genera, which was,
nevertheless, included here by Dallu Torre in 1901, doubtless on
the strength of its author's remarks, quoted below. Upon these
we must for the present rely, since he further gives us the bare
details that in one species the petiole is " very smooth and
shining " and, in the other, part of the petiole and the two apical
segments are " thickly covered with pale hair " ; and this but
poorly represents the very distinctive sculpture of the typical
genus Metopius, Panz. (q. v. post).

Table of Genera.

1 (2) Scutellum apically constricted ; abdomen [p. 263.

basally subpetiolate SCALLAMA, Cam.,

2 (1) Scutellum quadrate ; abdomen not basally

constricted. [p. 265.

3 (4) Antennae filiform ; abdomen parallel-sided. METOPIUS, Panz.,

4 (3) Antennae subdavate; abdomen fusiform .. CULTRARIUS, Davis,

[p. 270.

SCALLAMA. 263

Genus SCALLAMA, Cam.
Scallama, Cameron, Mancli. Mem. 1899, p. 216.
GENOTYPE, S. trilineata, Cam.

Head distinctly contracted behind the large and internally
strongly emarginate eyes ; cheeks distinct, clypeus not discrete ;
mandibles with a single somewhat elongate apical tooth palpi
short and incrassate. Antennae short and stout, with the third
joint elongate and nearly double length of the fourth. Thorax
with notauli wanting ; mesopleura? distinctly prominent centrally,
with an oblique slope at both base and apex ; metathorax with
lateral carina? only ; spiracles oblique, elongate and rounded at
both extremities. Scutellum deplanate, laterally immarginate
and apically gradually constricted ; postscutellum large, glabrous,
deplanate and apically depressed. Petiole basally dilated, becom-
ing gradually broader throughout to apex, with the spiracles
small, circular and subbasal ; remaining segments deplanate.
Legs short and incrassate, with the femora inflated ; posterior
tibia? bicalcarate, hind calcaria large, with the exterior calcar
lanceolate, slightly curved and much the longer ; hind tarsi densely
setulose, their claws large, basally incrassate and apically acumi-
nate. Areolet wanting or small, oblique and not longer than its
petiole, emitting the second recurrent nervure shortly beyond its
centre ; basal nervure not continuous.

Range. Assam.

Its author says (loc. cit.) that this genus " comes near Metopius
and Bassus in some respects — in the thickened legs for instance —
but differs from them in the abdomen not being so broad at the
base. Its characteristics are the thickened legs, the inesothorax
dilated in the middle, the large flat scutellum, and the distinctly
petiolated areolet. The genus contains two sections. One
represented by S. trilineata, having a distinct appendiculated
areolet, and a keel outside the metapleural spiracles ; the other
represented by S. crassipes, having no areolet and a keel on the
outer and inner side of the spiracles. Unfortunately I have no
females, both the species being represented by males."

I have seen both types of this genus and find it to be inter-
mediate between the present tribe and the EXOCHIDES.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Mesopleurse punctate : areolet distinct ; thorax

partly red trilineata, Cam.

2 (1) Mesopleurseimpunctate; areolet obsolete; thorax

black crassipes, Cam.

184. Scallama trilineata, Cam.

Scallama trilineata, Cameron,* Maiich. Mem. 1899, p. 217 (c?).
S . A fulvous species with black markings and the areolet entire.

264 ICHXEUMONID.«.

Head black with the clypeus testaceous, the mandibles (except
apically) and palpi flavous ; face strongly and evenly punctate,
with dense long white pilosity ; frons and vertex superficially punc-
tate, with dense long brown
pilosity, longer behind ocelli,
which are preceded by a tri-
angular impression. Antenna
stout and fulvescent ; scape
pilose, and flavescent beneath;
flagellum densely black pubes-
cent, becoming slightly in-
crassate apically. Thorax with
propleurse nitidulous, black and
broadly rufescent above ; meso-
notum nitidulous and with short
Fig. 66— Scallama trilineata, Cam. white hairs, ferruginous, with
a broad central longitudinal

stripe and the apices of the lateral lobes black ; tnesopleurar ob-
scurely punctate, with long white pilosity, black, with a central
red fascia ; metanotum evenly convex throughout, smooth and
nitidulous, with long white hairs, basally blackish and deeply
impressed in the centre of both base and apex. Scutellum
glabrous and nitidulous, with dense and long infuscate pilosity,
basally black and deeply impressed. Abdomen above and below
fulvescent, with the very smooth and shining first segment
(except apically), the second entirely, the third (except laterally;,
and more or less of the remainder, black. Legs short and stout,
with the basally black femora incrassate ; the tibia? and tarsi
stout, with the anterior flavescent, hind ones dark red and the
posterior apically black ; calcaria rufescent, hind tarsi and apices
of their claws black. Wings more or less distinctly fulvescent-
hyaline, with the costa and nervures paler, and the stigma
red.

Length 11-12 millim.

The extent of nigrescence varies throughout, as does the density
of alar fulvescence.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (G. A. J. Rothney*).
Type in the Oxford Museum.

I have seen an insect in the British Museum labelled " ScaUama
fortipes, Cam . ; type; Khasia." The latter I presume to be a
manuscript name, since I can find no mention of it in the literature ;
the specimen agrees with the above description fairly accurately.

185. Scallama crassipes, Cam.

Scallama crassipes, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 219 (#).

<? . Larger than the preceding, with the thorax immaculate
black and the areolet wanting. Head black ; the strongly punctate
face with dense and elongate fulvous, occiput with shorter black,
pilosity. Antennae densely and very shortly pilose, rufescent.

SCALLAMA. METOPITJS. 265

becoming slightly darker apically. Thorax nitidulous, with the
pleurae impunctate ; mesonotum with dense infuscate hairs ;
metapleuraj with long pale hairs. Scutellum and postscntellum
rufescent, the former with fulvous pubescence. Abdomen dark
red, with the basal two-thirds of the petiole, aud the two apical
segments, black and with dense pale hairs. Legs red, with all the
coxae, trochanters and the hind femora black; tarsi, apical half of
the hind tibiae, and their femora laterally, blackish. Wings with
violaceous tinge ; tegulae rufescent ; costa, stigma and nervures
dark testaceous ; areolet entirely wanting.

Length 13-14 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney}.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

" A larger species than S. trilineata, from which it may be known
by the pleurae, meso- aud meta-notum being entirely black, and by
the absence of the areolet " ; the wings also are darker and the
mesopleursD impunctate.

Genus METOPIUS, Panz.

Metopius, Panzer, Krit. Revis. ii, 1806, p. 78,
Peltastes, Illiger, .Rossi', Fauna Etrusca, 1807, p. 55.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon micralorius, F.

Head not large, transverse and usually with flavous markings
anteriorly; face prominent above, centrally concave, with the
margin elevated throughout or obsolete below ; mandibles apically
entire or emarginate; maxillary palpi with the second joint
incrassate. Antennae somewhat stout and subatteuuate at both
extremities, usually more or less rufescent, especially beneath.
Thorax stout, dull and often with small flavous marks. Scutellum
quadrate, apically broadly truncate and often flavous, with the
lateral margins elevated and the apical angles subspinously
produced. Abdomen sessile, subcylindrical, strongly and rugosely
punctate, black, most of the segments having flavous margins and
the first very short ; seventh segment of <$ half the length of the
sixth, of $ very short and hardly exserted ; terebra hidden.
Hind femora incrassate and often subfusiforra ; intermediate tibia?
unicalcarate. Wings flavescent and riot broad, with their apices
sometimes inf umate ; areolet large and transverse-quadrangular.
Size large.

Range. World-wide.

The species of this genus are connected with the BASSIDES in the
apically bifid upper tooth of the larger species and the roughly
sculptui^ed abdomen, though they materially differ in the total lack
of a lower tooth, as well as in the unique conformation of the face,
scutellum and areolet. The superiorly produced face and sub-
incrassate hind femora ally them with the EXOCHLDES.

It is strange that so strikingly large and handsome species as are

266 ICHNEUMdXIDjE.

those of this genus should have received such scant attention, and
one can but presume that they are sufficiently uncommon every-
where to have escaped special study. The only detailed observa-
tions I have seen are those of M. Doumerc upon Ichneumon
fasciatus, Fourc. (Ann. Soc. France, 1860, p. 319), who bred it from
a moth, Satumia carpini. The genus preys so certainly upon
Lepidoptera that we are justified in regarding the two doubtful
records of it from TENTH BEDIXIDJE, instanced by Van Vollenhoven,
as almost certainly erroneous.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Mandibles bidentate; wings anteriorly entirely

infumate lar, Mori., p. 266.

2 (1) Mandibles unidentate ; wings at most apically

infumate.

3 (6) Black and yellow ; face sparsely punctate ;

areola entire.

4 (5) Abdomen cylindrical; thorax elongate ; facial

shield distinct pulchripes, Cam.,

5 (4) Abdomen fusiform ; thorax short ; facial [p. 207.

shield obsolete fusi/ormis, sp. n.,

6 (3) Red, black and yellow ; face closely punctate ; [p. 268.

areola obsolete rufus, Cam., p. 269.

186. Metopius lar, Mori.

Metopius lar, Morley, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912, p. 81 (J $).

J $ . An elongate black species, with the legs and segmeutal
apices dull red, and the costa infumate. Head black, with all the

margins of the facial shield,
the juxta-antennal orbits
and a triangular mark be-
tween the scrobes, ochra-
ceous ; occiput abruptly
declivous, irons coarsely and
evenly punctate, eyes emar-
ginate, cheeks short ; facial
shield evenly punctate and
strongly margined through-
out, basally truncate and
apically rounded ; clypeus
coarsely punctate, subtri-
angular and truncately dis-
Fig. 67.— Metopius lar, Mori. crete basally ; mandibles

not broad, bidentate, with

the lower tooth subinternal and much the shorter ; second joint
of maxillary palpi strongly incrassate, inflated and emitting
the small remainder slightly before its apex ; mouth strongly
margined below. Thorax immaculate and closely punctate,
with the mesonotum obsoletely impressed discally and with

METOPIUS. 267

white pilosity throughout ; metathorax coarsely punctate, with
the arese entire and strong ; areola cordiform, basally trun-
cate and extending to centre, enclosing a carina and emitting
costulae from its centre ; apophyses distinct and obtuse ;
mesopleural sulcus straight and deeply impressed. Scutellum
black and quadrate, apically depressed in the centre, with its
angles acuminately produced ; postscutellum small and with long
hairs. Abdomen cylindrical and broadest towards apex, half as
long again as head and thorax, very coarsely and (towards the
base) confluently punctate, black, with the apices of all the
segments dull red ; basal segment almost broader than long, with
two parallel carina? on the disc ; the three following with one
discal carina, their apical angles a little elevated ; the remainder
basally carinate and purplish ; terebra not exserted, hypopygium
of $ large and reaching apex. Legs dull red, with the coxae
and trochanters, as well as at least the hind tibiae and tarsi,
black ; all the calcaria white, the front ones like the base of their
tarsi strongly sinuate. Wings narrow and a little clouded
throughout, with the costa of the anterior pair deeply and broadly
piceous ; radix and tegulae black ; areolet broader than high,
distinctly sessile, fenestrate below the centre of its external
nervure, and emitting the straight and unifeuestrate second
recurrent nervure distinctly beyond its centre ; nervellus post-
fnrcal and intercepted at its upper third.

Length 17 millim.

SIKKIM : Gantok, vi. 03 (H. J. Walton}.

Type in the British Museum.

The above description is drawn from three specimens, repre-
senting both sexes of this very distinct species.

187. Metopius pulchripes, Cam.

Metopius pulchripes, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1907, p. 586 ($,as d1).

$ . A black and flavous species, with the hind legs, except at
their base, red. Head closely punctate and black, with the
prominent eyes internally parallel ; vertical orbits, face, cheeks,
the whole mouth (except the basal margin) and apices of the uni-
dentate mandibles, Savons ; face deplanate, shining, distinctly and
sparsely punctate, strongly circumcarinate and apically connected
with the discrete and triangular clypeus. Antennce ferruginous,
with the scape flavous, and flagellum fulvous, beneath. Thorax
not broad, coarsely and irregularly punctate and pilose, black, with
elongate callosities before and beneath radices, coalescent with a
perpendicular mesopleural fascia, and a dot on either side of
metanotuin, flavous ; areola alone entire, subcordiform. Scutellum
quadrate, deplanate, strongly and sparsely punctate, laterally
carinate throughout, black, with its apex entirely, the produced
apical angles, laterally dentate basal angles and postscutellum,

flavous. Abdomen cylindrical, broadest behind the centre, with
the apical angles of the second and third segments subproduced ;
basal segment not longer than broad, apically truncate and sub-
glabrous, its spiracles basal ; following segments strongly and
longitudinally punctate, becoming more finely sculptured apically ;
apices of four first segments broadly, of the remainder narrowly,
flavous above and below ; terebra and the distinct ventral plica
flavous. Leys flavous ; hind coxae piceous, with their stout femora,
tibiae and tarsi red. Wings not large, with their apices somewhat
distinctly infumate ; tegulse piceous ; radix, costa and stigma
ferruginous ; areolet transverse and somewhat distinctly petiolate,
feuestrate above before its apex ; nervellus postfurcal and inter-
cepted very far above its centre.

Length 12 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills, 1000-3000 ft., iii. 07 (Pusa coll.) ; BAJ-
PUTANA : Mt. Abu (Col. Nurse, type) ; BOMBAY : Poona, viii. 86
(R. C. Wroughton) ; MADHAS : Bangalore (Ind. Mus.).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

The above description is drawn from the typical female.

188. Metopius fusiformis, sp. n.

$ . A pretty black and flavous species, with basally subattenuate
antennae and fusiform abdomen. Head strongly transverse and
very narrow behind the eyes ; black, with the strong interantennal
horn and whole- face, but not the undiscrete clypeus. flavous
Antenna as long as the body, somewhat stout and distinctly a
little attenuate basally, black, with the basal scapal joint entirely
flavous. Thorax short and subspherical, convex, densely and
closely punctate, with only the strong callosities beneath the
radices flavous ; metathorax subnitidulous, very short, but not
abruptiv declivous : petiolar area entire and basally strong
throughout ; areola half as long again as broad, subrectangular,
emitting strong costulse from its centre ; spiracles oval and
prominent. Scutellum transverse, strongly convex, flavous, with
its lateral extremities cornutely produced ; postscutellum tri-
angular, flavous. Abdomen very strongly convex, dull and closely
punctate, fusiform and resembling that of Sphinctus ; black, with
the apical half of the three discally bicarinate basal segments
laterally and apices of the following broadly, flavous ; first segment
a little longer than broad and parallel-sided, with its base abruptly
constricted ; anus very strongly obtuse and extending beyond the
acuminate spicula. Legs not elongate or slender ; flavous, with
the posterior coxae (except apices of the intermediate), their
femora, apices of the hind tibiae with their tarsi, black. Winys
hyaline ; radix and tegulae ochraceous, stigma piceous ; areolet
exactly triangular and somewhat broadly sessile, emitting re-

METOPIUS. 269

current nervure before its centre ; basal nervure subcontinuous
through the median ; nervellus opposite, geniculate and interrupted
slightly below its centre.

Length 9 millim.

BURMA : Karen Hills, 3000-3700 ft. (£. Fea).

Type in the Genoa Museum.

This species appears to constitute a connecting link between
Metopius and Cultrarius, having the antenna) not altogether
filiform, the thorax subsphaerical and the abdomen fusiform ; nor
is the facial shield by any means distinct. Described from a
single female.

189. Metopius rufus, Cam.

Metopius rufus, Cameron,* Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1905, p. 281 ( $ ).

$ . A rufescent species, with the abdomen black and yellow.
Head with white pilosity ; the closely punctate and circumcarinate
face and the palpi flavescent ; clypeus and labrum rufescent,
more strongly punctate than the face and with close white pilosity,
mandibles unideutate and rufescent, with a pale basal mark ; frons
and vertex closely punctate, ocellar region black, frontal orbits
flavous and frons carinate. An-
tennce rufescent. Thorax with
white hairs ; pro- and mesonotum
closely and distinctly punctate,
more coarsely at the base ; pleurae
closely punctate, inesopleurae with
a broad and superficial sulcus ;
metanotum with theareola laterally
indicated but apically wanting, its
carina? convergent ; metapleurae
nitidulous and sparsely punctate.
Scutelhim laterally straight ; its
Fig. 68.— Metopius rufus, Cam. smooth apical half, and the post-
scutellum, flavous; basal depression

black and strongly tricarinate. Abdomen subcylindrical, with the
fifth segment broadest, piceous black ; four basal segments coarsely
and longitudinally punctate, with at least their apical half
flavous; basal segment subtransverse and nitidulous, with spiracles
at its black base ; anus entirely piceous ; terebra small, acumi-
nate and extending to apex. Legs unicolorous red, with dense
but obsolete white pubescence. Wings hyaline, with the tegulae,
costa and stigma red ; areoiet strongly transverse, distinctly
petiolate and minutely fenestrate above its apex : apex of wing
with a large and subdeterminate infurnate spot.
Length 12 millim.
RAJPUTANA: Mt. Abu (Col. Nurse); BOMBAY: Poona (E. C.

270 ICHNETJMONIDJE.

Wroughton) ; MADRAS: Bangalore (Ind. Mus.); BURMA: Bhamo
(L. Fea). HONG-KONG (Brit. Mus.).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species is readily recognised by its rufescent head, thorax
and legs, as well as by the conspicuous apical alar mark; its
author remarks that the thorax is more elongate, especially in
front of the tegula?, than it is in the European species.

Genus CULTRARIUS, Davis.

Cultrarius, Davis, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1897, p. 197.
GEXOTYPE, Metopius rileyi, Marlatt.

Head somewhat small, much narrower and discally lower than
the thorax ; second joint of maxillary palpi not strongly incrassate.
Antennae basally constricted and apically " strongly subclavate."
Thorax subspherical, on account of the broad meso- and short
pro- and nieta-thoraces ; metathorax depressed and flat "to fit
the basal segment of the abdomen; without distinct areolet."
Basal abdominal segment short and wedge-shaped, with the front
upper portion broad, deplanate and subconcave ; ovipositor large,
geniculate, and longer than the body.

Range. United States, Sikkim.

This genus is said to agree with Metopius in having a distinct
facial shield and the intermediate tibiae unicalcarate ; but to differ
in its small head, wedge-shaped and discaily flat basal segment, and
in the large, elongate, and geniculate tenebra. The head is much
narrower than the thorax, the antennae apically incrassate, the
abdomen fusiform and apically attenuate, and the nervellus of the
hind wing geniculate above its centre. It was founded upon a
North American species from Kansas and Dakota. Cameron has
described three Indian males, which are quite unknown to me.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Wings entirely infumate ; abdomen -with

flavous markings jtavobalteatun, Cam.,

2 (1) Wings only apically infumate ; abdomen [p. 270.

with red markings.

3 (4) Areola elongate ; scutellum black purpureotinctu8,Cfun.,

4 (3) Areola transverse ; scutellum with flavous [p. 271.

markings areolatus, Cam., p. 272.

190. Cultrarius flavobalteatns, Cam.

Cultrarius flavobalteutus, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1903, p. 342
((*)•

<J . A black species, with the abdomen banded with violaceous
and flavous, and the wings infuscate. Head with clypeus flavous-
margined and closely punctate, apically broadly rounded and
depressed, laterally broadly margined and, like its base, flavous ;

CTTLTBABIUS. 271

facial orbits flavous, constricted above ; frons and vertex glabrous
and nitidulous. Antennce black, piceous beneath. Thorax black,
with small callosities below radices flavous ; mesonotum closely
and evenly punctate; metapleurae deplanate, smooth and nitidulous;
petiolar area strongly trans-striate, remainder irregularly and
coarsely reticulate ; propleurse nitidulous and irregularly striate,
closely rugose above and apical ly ; mesopleurae closely and rugoseiy
punctate, apically smooth and shining, with their sulci broad
and deeply impressed. IScutellum subrugosely punctate, laterally
elevated and apically shortly produced on either side ; the apex
flavous, perpendicularly depressed and centrally carinate; the
basal impression transverse, with six stout longitudinal carinae,
the lateral ones flavous. Abdomen purplish ; basal segment
centrally elevated and with two flavous carinae, apically broadly
flavous ; second segment with an apical flavous mark on either
side ; the three following segments apically flavous, the sixth
elevated and apically subprominent, and the seventh small and
obliquely constricted towards its apex. Legs black, with white
pilosity ; apical half of front femora, the tibia?, and the tarsi pale
red ; the front calcaria pale red, the intermediate white, and the
hind ones black. Wings violaceo-infumate, with the base and
apex of their tegulae broadly flavous.

Length 12| millim.

SIKKIM: Darjiling.

Cameron tells us (loc. cit.) that the antennae of the only
specimen he had seen were broken off before their centre.

191. Cultrarius purpureotinctus, Cam.

Cultrarius purpureotinctus, Cameron, Ann. Nat. Hist, xix, 1907.
P.176(c?).

cJ . A black species, the head with flavous markings arid the
wings apically infuinate. Head with somewhat strong but not
very close punctation, that of the clypeus and apex of face
distinctly stronger and closer ; facial carinae laterally and more
narrowly above, and lower frontal orbits flavous ; occiput glabrous
and with dense white hairs. Antennas with the flagellum piceous,
and the scape flavous, beneath. Thorax : pro- and meso- thorax
strongly and closely punctate, with their pleurae more coarsely so ;
mesopleural sulci broad and deeply impressed ; areola shagreened
and hexagonal, distinctly longer than basally broad, with its apical
half constricted and the truncate apex but half the width of the
base, whence a central carina extends longitudinally throughout
its disc ; lateral areae broader than long, apically broadly rounded
and substriate, with a few large central punctures ; petiolar area
closely and rugoseiy punctate ; metapleurae strongly and coarsely
punctate. Scutellum very strongly and evenly punctate, its basal
impression broad, deep, and with five carinae ; its apical declivity
apically aciculate, lateral teeth large and triangular ; postscutellum
with dense long white hairs. Abdomen closely and densely punc-

272 ICHNEUMONIDjE.

tate ; basal segment centrally elevated and bicarinate ; second and
fifth segments obsoletely, third and fourth more distinctly, carinate
discally ; lateral marks on first and fourth segments, apices of second
and third, ferruginous ; anus distinctly purplish and with short
black hairs. Legs black ; anterior tibiae and tarsi below, and the
hind femora, red ; calcaria white, with the front ones testaceous.
Wings hyaline and strongly iridescent, with the radial cell and
apical half of the external cubital inf innate ; areolet large, emitting
the second recurrent nemire from its centre, with its sides not
coalescent above.

Length 14 mi Him.

SIKKIM : Takvar, Darjiling, 4000 ft. (Col. Bingham).

UJ2. Cultrarius areolatus, Cam.

Cultrarius areolattis, Cameron, Ann. Nat. Hist, xix, 1907, p. 177

(?)•

5 . A black species, the head and scutellum with flavous
markings, and the wings apically infumate.

Length 10 millim.

SIKKIM.

This species is said by its author to resemble C. purpureotinctus
so closely as to need no detailed description. Therefrom it may at
once be known by the metanotal areola not being longer than broad,
gently and evenly rounded to the subcircular and not truncate apex ;
the lateral areae not punctate; the scutellum partly flavous and
centrally deeply sulcate ; the petiolar carinae apically curved and coa-
lescent, not parallel; the areolet shortly petiolate above and the hind
femora black. Cameron adds (Joe. cit. p. 178) that " the coloration
is the same otherwise, except that the purple tint on the abdomen
commences on the second segment, that the scutellar keels are
yellow, and that the lines on the second to fifth abdominal seg-
ments are narrower, of more uniform thickness, and more yellowish
in colour. The puncturation is pretty much the same ; on the
second segment of the abdomen it is stronger and more irregular,
that segment, too, being shorter compared with the width ; the
keels on the second to fourth segments are narrow, but distinct.
The calcaria are all whitish. The abdomen is shorter, too, com-
pared with the thorax."

Tribe SPHINCTIDES.

Face deplanate; antennae stout and filiform. Metathorax
«hort, subvertical, with the areola obsolete or strongly transverse,
and the petiolar area very large ; spiracles minute and circular.
Scutellura large, deplanate, strongly margined and sometimes
hardly separated from the mesonotuin. Abdomen dull and
fltrongly punctate, elongately petiolate with prominent spiracles
in centre of basal segment ; second segment not discally carinate.
Legs slender ; hind tibiae unicalcarate, the intermediate bicalcarate.
Areolet sessile, triangular and not large, its inner nemire oblique

SPHIXCTUS. 273

and the outer continuous with the straight recurront nervure ;
submedian longer than the median cell ; nervellus subopposite and
intercepted but very slightly below its centre.

This tribe is abundantly distinct in the peculiar conformation
of its areolet, the strongly petiolate abdomen, margined scutellum,
subvertical metathorax, and tibial calcaria. But one genus, con-
taining two species, has hitherto been described.

Genus SPHINCTUS, Grav.

Sphinctus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. ii, 1829, p. 363.
Eradha, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 213.

GENOTYPE, S. serotinus, Grav.

The characters are those of the tribe. The only previously
described species, Splnnctus serotinus, Grav., was found by Eatze-
burg in 1848 (Ichn. d. Forst. ii. p. 119) to attack the larvse of a
moth, Limacodes tesludo, Schiff. Cameron is undoubtedly correct
when he says (loc. cit.) that " it is very distinct from either Troyus
or Amblyteles," though his assertion that " it belongs to the
section AMBLTPYGI of Wesmael" is open to doubt, especially
when admitted to be founded on " the fact of there being no
longitudinal fold on the ventral surface of the abdomen in
the c? »" since the only sex he knew was the female, as shown by
his type in the British Museum, received in 1899.

Eange. England, Central Europe, Assam.

193. Sphinctus trichiosoma, Cam. (Plate I, fig. 8.)

Eradha trichiosoma, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 214 ($
as «?).

$ . A black and pilose species, with the abdomen centrallv red
and the legs partly' pale. Head as broad as the thorax, not
narrowed behind the eyes, black and pilose, with the external

orbits very narrowly, and the
facial orbits triangularly to
above the obsolete scrobes,
stramineous; frons and face
dull, the latter slightly convex
centrally and hardly discrete
from the clypeus, which is
strongly biemarginate and
centrally acuminate at its
apex; palpi and the obtusely
bidentate mandibles black.
Antennas much shorter than
the body, stout, slightly
Fig. QQ.—Sphincttts trickiosoma, Cam. attenuate apically and entirely

black. Thorax black and

gibbous ; mesonotum coriaceously punctate and convex, with no
notauli ; mesopleur* nitidulous and apically punctate ; meta-

% ICilNEUMONID.E.

thorax very short, with long hairs; areola strongly transverse,
petiolar area large and carinate throughout, apophyses conspicuous.
Scutellum strongly deplanate, scabrously punctate and subquadrate,
with the apical angles rounded ; its base hardly discrete from the
inesouotum, its sides with long hairs and strongly bordered to
the apex which is, like that of the postsciitellum, red. Abdomen
obconical, dilated from base to apex, with white hairs and densely
punctate, black, with the apex of the first, whole of second and
(excepting two basal dots) of the third segment, brick-red ;
basal segment coarsely punctate, petiolate to the prominent
central spiracles and thence parallel-sided to apex ; venter black,
with incisures flavescent ; hypopygium broadly rounded and
covering base of the stout but hardly exserted terebra. Legs
black, shining and slender ; tibiae and tarsi white, with the apical
two-thirds of the hind tibiae, whole of their tarsi, and apical three
joints of the anterior pairs, black; claws small and strongly
pectinate. Wings distinctly infumate and somewhat ample ; radix,
tegulae, and stigma infuscate ; nervures conspicuous.

Lengtli 16 inillim.

ASSAM : Shillong, 6000 ft., ix.03 (Rowland Turner).

Type in the British Museum.

I have seen three females onlv.

Tribe BASSIDES.

This tribe appears to be very closely related to the PIMPLINJE
in its sessile and often coarsely sculptured abdomen, which is, in
the typical forms, very distinctly impressed in the same manner,
though transversely and not obliquely, as in the case of Glypta
and many Pimpla. It forms, however, an entirely homogeneous
group, at once distinguished from all other TRYPHONINJE bv its
normal scutellum and apically bifid upper mandibular teeth ; the
peculiar conformation of the strongly deplanate and sessile basal
segment is also distinctive, and the general facies is so peculiar
that, with a very little experience, it may be recognised at a
glance.

Bassus formed Gravenhorst's eighth group and was divided by
him from Metopius and the PIMPLIN^E with convex abdomen on
account of its deplanate abdomen, with the basal segment flat and
parallel-sided ; in it he placed the genera Euceros, Orthocentrus,
and Bassus, of which the last two have the antennae not centrally
incrassate, and the latter differs from Orthocentrus in its obviously
more slender legs ; from the remainder of the TKYPHONIK^: these
three genera were said to differ in the entirely sessile abdomen.
In 1855 Holmgren discovered that in Gravenhorst's restricted
genus the upper mandibular tooth was apically cleft, while in all
other Tryphonids, except certain Metopius, it is entire ; hence he
erected a group for the sole reception of this genus under the name
TBYPHONIDES SCHIZODOXTI. Desvignes, who in 1862 described

BASSC3. 275

eleven species, considered by him to have been unknown to
'G-ravenhorst, was unacquainted with Holmgren's work. In 1868
Forster brought forward his numerous genera and divided Bassus
into ten, giving the most meagre and often trivial characters, with
no indication of types; these "genera" are unfortunately being
nowadays largely adopted, but I think with little justification,
.and only those are here made use of that have subsequently been
more fully diagnosed by later authors, of whom Thomson, in
his most excellent " Ofversigt af arterna inom slagtet Bassus,
Fab." (Opuse. Ent. xiv, p. 1458), is certainly the foremost, though
Vollenhoven, Briclgman, Brischke, and others have materially
assisted. I attempted to revise the whole of the Palaearctic
species in 1905 (Trans. Ent. Soc. pp. 419-438).

The economy of the BASSIDES is extremely interesting, but
although many have been bred from Diptera, apparently confining
their attacks to the STRPKIDVE, which prey so exposedly and
beneficially upon APHIDID.T;, very few details of their habits
are at present available. I am not yet satisfied with the accuracy
of Yollenhoven's assertion (^Pinac., pi. i) that it is "proved that
the larvae of Bassus live also in larvae of other orders " of insects.

As regards India, we appear to know little at present of this
tribe. I can instance but a dozen species.

Table of Genera.

1 (2) Basal segments trausimpressed ; hind

tibite white-banded BASSUS, Fin., p, 275.

2 (1) Basal segments not impressed. [p. 282.

3 (4) Face punctate and very distinctly dull . HOMOCIDUS, Mori.,

4 (3) Face glabrous and very distinctly niti- [p. 287.

dulous ," PROMETHUS, Forst.,

Genus BASSUS, Fin.

Bassus, Fallen, Specim. liym. 1813 ; Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv,
1890, p. 1470.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon Icetatorius, F.

;" Head distinctly transverse and compressed ; clypeus discrete ;
mandibles basally broad, becoming gradually contracted to their
apices, with the upper of the two stout apical teeth bifid.
Antennae filiform, Thorax stout and gibbulous, finely punctate
and usually with broad and bright hamate humeral marks.
Scutellum simply convex, usually entirely pale ; metathorax
short and in part carinate. Abdomen sessile and nearly parallel-
sided, distinctly deplanate ;' basal segment subquadrate or slightly
longer than broad, discally bicarinate ; the last segment of femal*
nearly invariably a little compressed laterally, with the terebra
hardly or very shortly exserted. Legs of normal length, with ine
hind tibiae always centrally white. Wings with no areoiet.
Range. Cosmopolitan.

T2

276

The centrally transhnpressed basal segments \vill instantly
distinguish this very distinct genus from the whole of the other

The name Bas#tts, apparently a word of no meaning, was first
employed by Fabricius in his ' Sy sterna Piezatorum ' of 1804;
but the concourse of species there assembled under this name is
truly diverse and includes CBYPTIIOE, PIMPLIX.E,' OPHIONIXA',
and even several kinds of BRACONID.E (cf. Curtis, Brit. Ent.
pi. Ixxiii). Several of his species, not one of which actually
belongs here, are still catalogued under this genus by Dalla
Torre, simply because they have never been subsequently re-
cognised. But Bassus totatorius, universally regarded as its
type, was not even included here till so placed by Panzer in
1806. Nor can we at all suppose that Gravenhorst used the
genus in the Fabriciau sense, for it was originally described as
having, inter alia, " corpus fere cyliudricum, glabrum ; antennis
longitudine corporis ; abdomine vix petiolato ; aculeo varissime
exserto," &c. The genus, as here defined, was in reality created
by Fallen in his ' Specimen novarn Hymenoptera disponendi
methodum exhibens " of 1813.

Table of Species.

1 (8) Abdominal segments not apically

flavous-banded.

2 (3) Hind tibise red, white, and black . . tetatoriut, F., p. 270.

3 (2) Hind tibife black and white.

4 (5) Hind coxae entirely black varicoxa, Thorns., p. 278.

5 (4) Hind coxae mainly or entirely pale.

6 (7) Central segments at most apically

red tricinctus, Grav., p. 278.

7 (0) Central segments almost entirely

red multicolor, Grav., p. 279.

8 (1 ) Abdominal segments apically flavous-

banded.

9 (10) Areola obsolete; hind tibise basally

flavous * orientalis, Cam., p. 280.

10 (9) Areola entire; hind tibias basally

black , clotho, sp. «., p. 281.

194. Bassus laetatorius, V.

Ichneumon latatorius, Fabricius, Spec. Ins. i. 1781, p. 424 ; Mant.

Ins. i, 1787, p. 262; Piez. 1804, p. 63; Panzer, Faun. Germ.

xix, p. 19.

Anonwlon latatorius, Juvine, Now. Me"th. 1807, p. 116 (£).
Bassus hftatwivs, Panzer, Krit. Revis. ii, 1806, p. 74; Graven-
horst, Ichn Eur. iii, 1829, p. 353; Zetterstedt, Ins. Lapp.

p. 377; Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forst. ii, p. 109; Holmgren, Sv.

Ak. IlHndl. 1855, p. 353, pi. ix, fig. 24; Vollenhoven, Pinnc.

pi. i, fig. 1 : Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv, p. 1470; Davis, Trans.

Amer. Fnt. Soc. 1895, p. 21; Morley, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1905.

p.425(c?$).

277

flassus albovarius, Wollaston, Ann. Nat. Hist, i, 1858, p. 2
JSatsus tripicticrus, Walsh, Trans. Acad. St. Louis, 1873, p. 85.
Scolobatet vaeipes, Smith,* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1878, p. 3.
ISassus ventulus, Saussure, Grandidier, Hist. Madagascar, Hym.
pi. xv, fig. 23 (rf).

A shiniag and distinctly punctate species, black, with the
iscutelluin and the centre of. the hind tibiae white, the abdomen

centrally and the apex of the
hind tibiae red. Face punc-
tulate, clypeus discrete and
apically emarginate. Mouth,
facial orbits, a mark before
the concolorous tegulae, scu-
tellum and post-scntellum
,vhite ; antennae beneath, the
legs and centre or base of
abdomen more or less broadly,
red ; hind tibiae basally black,

* «• » and black beyond the pure

white central band, with the
apex broadly red. Metathorax
subrugose, with the areola
Fig. 70. — Sassus latatorius, F. short, entire and subtransverse.

Abdomen deplanate and not

apically com pressed, with the first tluve segments strongly punctate
or subscabriculous, bearing a distinct transverse impression
beyond; he centre of each ; basal segment subquadrate, centrally
elevated and bicarinate to the apical impression.
Length 3f-7 millim.

BALUCHISTAN : Quetta, vii.03 {Col. Nurse); KASHMIR, v. 01
•(Col. Nurse) ; PTTXJAB : Grojra (Pusa coll.), Ferozepur, 640 ft.,
iv. 05 (E. Brunetii—Iml. Mus.) ; EAJPUTANA : Mt. Abu (Col.
Nwst). Cosmopolitan.

The extent of the red on the abdomen is the only variable
feature of this very constant species ; usually it extends through-
out the second and third segments, but I possess females with the
whole of the four basal segments red and others with the colour
restricted to the extreme apex of the second. The tri-coloured
tibiae will instantly distinguish it from all other BASSIDES.

This is a very abundant species throughout Europe, and is one
of the most cosmopolitan of all ICHNEUMONID^ ; Ashmead says
its distribution extends throughout Asia, Africa, Australia, New
Zealand, Chatham Islands, Hawaii, Japan, the West Indies, and
both North and South America (cf. also Schrottky, Ann. Mus.
Buenos Aires, 1902, p. 93) ; in Britain it is abundant from the
Isle of Wight to Yorkshire, from the end of May to September.
I have taken it at artificial light ; but it is most commonly found
by sweeping herbage, and more especially upon horseradish, oats,
reeds, and the flowers of Heracleum, Angelica, Statice, Achillea,
and thistles ; I have also observed the females abundantly upon

278

Polygonum plants. This species was first bred by Ratzebure
from tlie larva of some Syrphtis fly in Saxony ; subsequently
Dr. Giraud raised it (Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1877, p. 408) from
Syrphvs lalteatus and another species from Pijriza noctiluca • and
its association with these flies, which prey upon APHLDID^, was
suggested bv Gravenhoret, who first took it among them. It has
been reported to have been bred from the phytophagous beetle,
Adimonia rustica. Scball., and from Tortrices, but probably in
error.

I have examined, in the British Museum, the type of Scolobates
varipts, Smith, described from a single female captured by Prof.
Button at Otago in New Zealand, and find that it is entirely
synonymous. Hudson (Entom. 1884, p. 171) records this species
as preving upon the larvae of SyrpJws ortas, Walk. ; and this is
repeated by Smith (E. M. M. 1900, p. 161), who remarks upon
its frequency upon the castor-oil plant (Ricimts communis), the
fluid of which it eagerly assimilates. For an account of its life-
history, cf. G. Y. Hudson, ' An Elementary Manual of New
Zealand Entomology,' London, 1892, p. 39, pi. iii, fig. 8,

195. Bassus varicoxa, Thorns.

Basstis albosifliiatits, vnr. 1, Gravenhorst. Ichu. Eur. iii, 1829,.
p. 344 (?)(?); var. 3, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1855, p. .'354.
Batsns varicoxa, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv, 1890, p. 1640 ( $ ).

This species differs very little from B. multicolor, excepting in
coloi-ation. The abdomen is entirely black, with at most the
incisures pale, the anterior or intermediate coxae are partly and
the whole of the hind coxae are black, the hind tibiae are broadly
white in the centre and quite black (with no rufescence) at both
extremities, and the epistoma is white-marked.

LengtJt 5 millim.

It is a A*ery common Palaearctic species, closely allied to B. tri-
cinctus, Grav. (nemoralis, Holmg.), which differs in its entirely
pale coxae and larger size. I have seen a specimen in the Oxford
Museum from Westwood's collection, which was captured long
ago in " India" by Capt. Boys.

196. Bassus tricinctus, Grav.

Bassu* ulbosif/nntus, var. 4, Grnvenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829,.

p.345(cJ).
Bassus tricinctHs, Grnvenhurst, op. eft. p. 351 (c?) ; Morley, Trans.

Ent. Soc. Lond. 1005, p. 425 ( j $ ) ; cf. Brischke, Sc'hr. Nat.

Ges. Danz. 1878, p 111.
Bassus Jlamlineatus, Zetterstedt (nee Grav.), Ins. l^app. i, p. 378,

excl. 2 et var.
Batsns nemorali*, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1855, p. 354 ; Vollen-

hoven, Pinac. pi. i, tig. 3 ; Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv, p. 1409

W?)«

A distinctly punctate species, with the abdomen not or obso-

BASSUS. 279

letely red-marked. Mouth, clypeus, facial orbits, and in J
epistoma, murks before the red tegulae, scutellum apically or
entirely, and bind tibial band, white. Lees totally red, with only
tbe hind tarsi, and remainder of their tibiae entirely, black. The
c? with scape beneath and anterior coxae entirely flavous ; areola
very small and irregular. Three first abdominal segments trans-
versely impressed and (in the typical form) apically red ; basal
segment subquadrate, rugosely punctate and impressed before tbe
centre, with discal carinse extending nearly to the anteapical
impression.

Length 4-5| milliin.

SIKKIM: Darjiling, 7000 ft., viii. 09 (C. Paiva— Ind. Mus.) ;
BENGAL : Katihar, iii. 09 (C. Paiva) ; RAJPUTANA : Mt. Abu (Col.
Nurse). PALJEARCTIC REGION.

Holmgren's variety nemoralis differs from tbe type-form only in
having the abdomen immaculate black ; it is much commoner in
Europe than that with the incisures red, and the Indian example
belongs to it. From all others of this genus, except B. multicolor,
the present species differs in its entirely pale, red or flavous,
anterior coxae and the bicoloured hind tibiae.

This is an abundant species throughout the Palsearctic region
and is met with by sweeping, but more usually on the heads of
both Heracleum and Angelica, quite as often in their seeding as
in their flowering condition, showing that it is probably not the
blossoms which attract them. I have seen the female in England
examining the stem of Heracleum spJiondylium with her antennas ;
it walked over the flowers heedlessly, but was much interested in
the colony of Aphis hieracii, Kalt., which covered the plant,
doubtless being in search of the larvse of some Syrphm, from
which genus I am not aware that the present species has yet been
bred. The Indian specimens are sufficiently typical, though th«
white tibial band is somewhat broader and the discal carin»
of the basal segment less conspicuous than those of British
specimens.

197. Bassus multicolor, Grav.

Bassus multicolor, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 352 ($ ) ;

Vollenhoven, Pinac. pi. i, fig. 4 ( c? ) ; Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl.

1855, p. 855 ; Morley, Trans. Ent. Soc.Lond. 1905, p. 425 ( J $ ).
Bassus deletus, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv, 1890, p. 1471 (J $).

A punctulate and not very shining species, with the hind tibiae
obsoletely red at their apices. Head with the mouth, disc or
(in c? ) whole of clypeus, internal orbits or (in c? ) whole face,
flavous ; frons smooth or sulcate. Antennce black, filiform and
shorter than the body, with the flagellum ferruginous beneath ;
scape of c? flavous below. Thorax black, stout and gibbous,
with a mark before and a short line beneath the radices flavous ;
pleurae strongly nitidulons and obsoletely punctulate ; metathorax
rugulose, with the areae obsolete and areola very small. Scutellum

280

and postscutellum flavous. Abdomen deplanate, black, with the
second to fourth segments more or less broadly, usually with their
apical half, dull red or badious and transversely impressed ; basal
segment scabriculous, basally impressed and at least in $ apically
white; the gastrocreli of the second distinct ; terebra subexserted.
Legs fulvous ; coxae flavous, with the hind ones always basally
black ; hind tibiae broadly white, black at the base and before apex,
the extreme apex (at least internally) always red. Wings slightly
clouded, with the stigma and radius infuscate, tegulae and radix
flavous.

Length 5-7 millim.

BENGAL: Patna and Pusa (Pusacoll.); BOMBAY (Oxf. Mus.).
EUEOPE.

Type in the Breslau Museum.

Tbis is a somewhat uncommon Palaearctic species, first described
by G-ravenhorst from Piedmont in 1829; and in Britain apparently
confined to its southern half. It has not yet been bred, but is
confined to marshy districts, where it is on the wing in June. It
has not hitherto been recorded from beyond the confines of
Central Europe, but I have seen in the Pusa collection a dozen
specimens of both sexes from Bengal, taken in February and
March on grass, lucerne, cauliflow er, and mustard, and in wheat-
fields, for the most part at Pusa.

198. Bassus orientalis, Cam.

Bassus orientalis, Cameron, Spol. Zeyl. 1905, p. 131 (J).

d1. A black and profusely pale-marked species, with the abdo-
men and hind tibiae not at all red. Head black, with the white-
pilose face, clypeus, mandibles, palpi, and frontal orbits strami-
neous; clypeus basally and laterally
rounded, apically slightly but dis-
tinctly incised, with its lateral sutures
straight and oblique; vertex and
frous finely punctate, the latter longi-
tudinally sulcate centrally. Antennae
with the scape flavous, and the fla-

[—-^^^JSK^^r--^ gellum piceous, beneath. Thorax

/ ^Sf\\ closely punctate; propleurae basally

anove the radices, and elongate sub-
hamate callosities before the front
ones, others beneath both pairs of
radices, stramineous ; metanotum
more closely and rugosely punctate,
Fig. 71. with the petiolar area closely dis-

Bassus orientalis. Cam. tinctly reticulate and basally carinate ;

metapleurae glabrous below the lateral

cannae, and rugulosely punctate above them. Scutellum and post-
scutellum stramineous. Abdomen black, with the first segment

\

BASSUS. 281

•centrally elevated and impressed ; three basal segments closely,
distinctly, and rugosely punctate, narrowly stramineous apically,
with the two posterior ceutrally interrupted ; basal halt' of fourth
and basal third of fifth rugulosely puuctate, apical half of fourth
sparsely punctate ; second to fifth segments transversely im-
pressed. Legs : anterior pairs flavous, with their femora and the
hind coxa) subfulvous ; hind femora fulvescent, their tibiae flavous
to shortly beyond the centre, with the apex and their tarsi black.
Wings hyaline, with the stigma and nervures black.

The 5 differs only in having the epistoma black, the propleurae
immaculate, the metapleurae finely punctate below, and the hind
tibiae blackish at the extreme base.

Length t> millitn.

ASSAM : Shillong, 6000 ft., vi. 03 (Rowland Turner) ; BENGAL :
Bettia, iii. 08, and Katihar, iii. 09 (£7. Paiva—lnd. Mus.) ;
CEYLON : Peradeniya (E E. Green).

This species is said to be allied to the Palaearctic B. multicolor,
Grav., from which it materially differs in the abdominal color-
ation, and from all the members of this restricted genus, with
which I am acquainted, in having the base of the o hind tibiae
entirely pale.

It has been bred by Mr. Ernest E. Green, at Peradeniya, from
the larvae of Syrphid flies preying upon the Tea Aphis (Ceylonia
theicola, Buckton).

199. Bassus clotho, sp. n.

d1 $ . A small and stout species, with the head, thorax, scu-
tellum, and apices of the segments, broadly flavous ; the legs
mainly pale and the hind tibiae broadly pure white. Head hardly
narrower than thorax, flavous, with its base black to the scrobes ;
face finely and evenly punctate, somewhat nitidulous ; clypeus
small and apically subincised. Antennae, basally flavous beneath.
Thorax stout and finely punctate, black, with prosternum, hamate
callosities before radices broadly, others beneath all radices, and
a basal perpendicular fascia on base of mesopleurae, flavous ; rneta-
thorax rugose and strongly carinate, with the areola small, distinct
and subquadrate, apically emarginate ; petiolar area large and
subtriaugular, apically impressed on either side ; metapleurae
glabrous below, and punctate above, the lateral carinaj. Scutellum
and postscutellum entirely flavous-. Abdomen rugulose and some-
what broad, with the strongly transimpressed four basal segments
very broadly, the remainder very narrowly, bright flavous apically
both above and below ; $ with second to fourth segmental bands
centrally interrupted ; first segment strongly and subcoalescently
bicarinate at base, anus with griseous pilosity. Legs flavous,
with the hind femora fulvous ; hind tibiae and tarsi black, with
the centre only of the former clear white. Wings broad and
hyaline, with no areolet, and the stigma piceous ; radix and
tegulae flavous.

Length 5 millim.

282 ICIIXEUMONIDJE.

KASHMIR, 6000-7000 ft, r.Ol (CoL Nurse); BENGAL: Pusa ;
CENTRAL PROVINCES : Xagpnr (Pusa coll.) ; BOMBAY: Surat, i. 04
(Pusa coll.), Poona, viii.86 (It. C. WrougJiton, type).

Type, in the British Museum.

It is closely allied to B. orientalis. and the divergences are little
more than omissions in Cameron's description ; the abdomen is
more broadly flavons and the fourth segment in particular, the
hind tibiae are basally black and centrally white, and the rnetanotal
areola is entire and very distinct. From B. tricinctus, Grav., it
differs in its stouter and more compact form, the greater convexity
of tbe abdomen, and the much broader segmental fascia;.

The species is probably not uncommon in Bengal, where Mr.
Maxwell Lefroy has bred it (as he believes) from the sawfly,
Athalia proxima, Klug, on 8th December, 1906, and both sexes
from (more correctly, doubtless) SyiyJnis ceyyptius, Wied., at
Surat.

Genus HOMOCIDUS, Mori.

Homocidus, Morley, Ichn. Brit, iv, 1911, p. 87.

Homopoi-us, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv, 1890, p. 1488 (nee II vm.

Scand. 1878, p. 04).
Homotropus, Fiirster, Verh. pr. Kheinl. 1808, p. 162 (part.).

GENOTYPE, Bassus tarsatorius, Panz.

This genus is instantly distinguished from Bassns, as here
restricted, by the lack of transverse impressions on the basal
segments, its more slender conformation, and more nitidulous
tegument. From the other genera of the BASSIDES it will easily
be recognised by Ihe small and immaculate metathoracic spiracles,,
simple scutellar fovea, punctate and more or less dull face, which
is not distinctly impressed longitudinally, the obsolete notauli,
not deeply excised scape, and by the hind tibiae having no sharply
denned white central cincture.

Range. Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions.

At least thirty-five Palfearctic species of this genus are now
known ; but only three from America have elsewhere been described.
Our present knowledge is limited to a single Asian species, which
has been erroneously described as new by Cameron, and three
others that I have seen in collections.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Areolet wanting; anus of $> not com-

pressed.

2 (3) Basal metanotal arese entire and some-

what strong cincfux, Grav., p. 283.

3 (2) Metanotal area; entirely wanting tarsatorius. Pz., p. 28:).

4 (1) Areolet present ; anus of $ strongly

compressed.
6 (6) Hind tibia) basally white; petiolar

carinfe strong vrnatus, Grav., p. 2&1*.

6 (o) Hind tibia? mainly white ; petiolar

carinae obsolete dimidiatus, Schr., p. 280.

HOMOCIDUS. 28$

200. Homocidus cinctus, Grav.

Basstis cinctus, Graveuhorst, Ichn. Ear. iii, 1829, p. 327 ; Holm-
gren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1855, p. 356; Vollenhoven, Pinac. pi. i,
tig. 6 ( rf) ; id., Tijds. Ent. 1878, p. 162 ( $ ).

Bassus lateralis, Gravenhorst, op. cit. p. 342 ( c^ ) ; Holmgren, op.
cit. p. 355; Vollenhoven, Piuae. pi. i, fig. 5 ($ § ).

Bassus albicinctus, Desvignes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1862, p. 218
(d).

jBfanu hyperboreus, Marshall,* Ent. Month. Mag. xiii, 1877, p. 241

(d).

Homoporus later alls, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv, 1890, p. 1492 (d 2 ).
Homoporus cinctus, Morlev, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 426
(<??)•

Nitidulous, punctulate, black. Head I'ully as broad as thorax ;
frons anteriorly impressed arid subcanaliculate ; mouth, clypens,
inner orbits ($), or whole face (c?), flavous. Antenna shorter
than body ; scape of <3 stramineous beneath. Thorax stout and
gibbous, with (typical form) or without (var. scabriculus) a mark
before the pale tegulte, and rarely in c? (var. dUricinctus') pleural
suture and pale spots, flavous ; areola quite distinctly delineated,
entire, transverse or subquadrate ; metathorax subrugulose.
Scutellnm and sometimes postscutellum apically stramineous.
Abdomen with the subscabriculous three or four basal segments
apically flavescent throughout (typical form) or with their lateral
angles alone pale (var. lateralis) ; basal segment of $ subquadrate,
of d1 a little longer than broad, basally dilated, with the discal
carinje not very distinct. Legs red, with the hind tarsi and apices
of their tibife blackish ; anterior coxae entirely and the hind ones
apically, with all the trochanters, flavous. Wings with transverse
anal nervure intercepted in or slightly below the centre.

Length 3^-6 millim.

SIKKIM: Darjiling, 6000ft., ix. 08- (E. Bnmetii— Ind. Mus.).
EUROPE.

Type in the Breslau Museum.

This species is entirely distinct in its complete metathoracic
areola and pale hind femora. The synonymy of Marshall's insect,
which I have examined in his collection in the British Museum,
has not before been brought forward.

H. cinctus has not been very widely noticed in Europe, and I
do not find it given anywhere as occurring further east than
Germany ; in Britain it is common and frequently beaten from
undergrowth in woods in June, but its economy is unknown. A
single male was taken by my friend Mr. Brunetti by sweeping
grass and low herbage at Darjiling.

201. Homocidus tarsatorius, Pz.

Bassus tarsatorius, Panzer, Faun. Germ, ix, 1805, p. 102 ; Graven*

horst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 932.
Bassus exultans, Gravenhorst, op. cit. p. 328 ( c? ) ; Ratzeburg,

Ichn. d. Forst. i, p. 122; Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1855, p. 359

( d1 $ ), excl. var. 1 .

IClfNEUMONID-B.

Bassm imigni*, Gravenhorst. op. cit. p. 349 ; Holmgren, op. cit.

p. 360; Brischke, Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1878, p. 112 ( ?).
liassiis pulchellus, Desvignes (nee Holmg.), Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.

1862, p. 221 (<J).

liassus desvignesii, Marshall, Cat. Brit. Hym. 1872, p. 82.
Homoporus tamatorius, Thomson, Opusc. Eut. xiv, 1890, p. 1503;

Morley, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 427 (rf $).
Jiassus indicus, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1909,

Var. Jlassm farus, Desvignes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1862,
p.219(<J).

A black and somewhat shining species, with the head, thorax,
and scutellum broadly, and apices of all the abdominal segments
narrowly stramineous ; the legs entirely pale fulvous with only
the hind tarsi, and apices of their tibia?, black. Vertex more or

Fig. 72. — Homocidus tarsatorius, Panz.

less emarginate; metathoracic carinae entirely wanting ; scutellum
simply convex and, like the postscutellum, pale ; hind tibiae red,
with only the apical third black ; areolet almost invariably
wanting. ; ^

'• Length 6 inillim.

PUNJAB : Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Nurse). EUROPE.

Type. Location unknown ; that of Bassus indicus in Col.
Nurse's collection.

This is the only species of BASSIDES I know that may or may
not possess an areolet ; when present (var. favas, Desv.) it is
very small and oblique, consisting of little more than the dupli-
cation of its basal nervure ; this form is, however, very rare
indeed.

The typical male of B. indicus, which I have examined, differs
from the usual European form of this species in nothing but its
more deeply transimpressed metanotum, which is in no way
carinate, and its somewhat less prominent petiolar spiracles ;
there can remain no doubt respecting their identity.

HOMOCIBUS. 285

H. tarsatorius is an abundant species throughout the Palaearctic
region, and may be found in woods and marshes throughout the
spring in Britain, as well as upon umbelliferous flowers in the
autumn. It is said to have been bred from such diverse hosts as
the larva of the Dipterous SyrpJitis balteatus, L., the Tineid moth,
Depressaria anyeliella, and a species of Ladybird (Cocciiiella), but
the two latter records are in all probability erroneous.

202. Homocidus ornatus, Grav.

Bassus deplcmatus, Gravenliorst, Iclm. Eur. iii, 1829, p. .'540'

(excl. rf).
Bassus ornatus, Gravenliorst, op. cit. p. 341 ; Brischke, Schr. Nat.

Ges. Danz. 1878, p. 113 (j).
Bassus frenator, Desvigues, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1862, p. 218

(<?)•

Homoporus ornatus, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv, 1890, p. 1505 ;

Morley, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 427 (rf $ ).
Var. Bassus deplanatus, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Haridl. 1855, p. 362.

A dull and coarsely punctate black species ; legs red, with the
hind tarsi and nearly the whole of their tibiae, except the white
extreme base, black ; scutellum transversely white apically ;
mouth and clypeus pale, flagellum rufescent beneath ; petiolar
carina3 parallel.

At once known from all its allies, except H. deplanatus, by the
distinct ai-eolet, rugulose basal segments of the immaculate abdo-
men, dull black hind tibife, of which the extreme base and inner
side basally only are pure white, and by the petiolar cannse-
extending to its apex. The head is as broad as the thorax, con-
stricted posteriorly ; clypeus, mandibles and mouth pale, or in c?
with the whole face also flavons ; antennas quite tiliform, with,
the flagellum distinctly rufescent beneath ; metathorax subrugose,.
with the basal and petiolar areae more or less distinctly indicated,
though never entire ; wings with the areolet complete, small and
subpetiolate ; abdomen deplanate and apically obtuse ; basal seg-
ment with two strong and parallel carinaa to apex of the quadrate
postpetiole, the second transverse and coarsely striolate, with
distinct thyridii ; legs stout and red. The tf aiso has mesonotal
humeral markings, a mesosternal lunula, the anterior coxa?, and
ventral plica, pale.

Length 5-7 millim.

PUNJAB : Kangra Valley, 4500 ffc.. x. 99 (G. C. Dudgeon).

Type in the Breslau Mnseuir.

This is a not very common species throughout Northern and
Central Europe ; in Britain I have only found it on the sea-shore,
though it is recorded from several inland localities. It is said to
prey upon species of SyrpTius, and has been, almost certainly
erroneously, thought to prey upon the moth, Scotoyramma trifolii
by Boie. A single example, differing in no way from the western,
form, is in the British Museum, from the Kangra Valley.

286 ICHNEUMONIDJ!.

203. Horaocidus dimidiatus. Schr.

Ichneumon dimidiatus, Schrank, Fauna Boica, ii, p. 293 ; Graven-

horst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 950 (rf).
liassus pictus, Gravenhorst, op. cit. p. 336 (J $); Holmgren, Sv.

Ak. Handl. 1855, p. 361 ($).
Itasstts dimidiatus, Holmgren, op. elf. p. 363 (cJ).
Bnssus jrfanus, Uesvignes, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud. 1862, p. 220

(<?$)•

Homoporus picitts, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv, 1890, p. loll (J $ )•
Homoporus dimidiatus, Morley, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 190.5, p. 428

Head almost broader than thorax, somewhat constricted poste-
riorly, vertex somewhat angularly emarginate ; frons nitidulous
and not sulcate, though impressed above scrobes ; face subdilated
apically, with epistoma hardly elevated, of $ sometimes white-
marked ; <5 with face and cheeks broadly, and mouth, pale ;
clypeus deplanate, subpunctate, with the apex obviously emar-
ginate centrally and the sides foveolate; cheeks almost longer
than base of the often pale mandibles; palpi infuscate or whitish.
Antennas black throughout in $ , pale beneath in d ; their apices
subattenuate and the flagellum, of about twenty-two joints, reach-
ing beyond the thorax. Thorax black, somewhat shining and
very finely punctate ; a large subhamate humeral mark white,
$ also with a large pronotal mark, mesosternum apically, and
pleural lines, white ; mesosternum densely and very finely punc-
tate, with speculum not smooth ; metathorax finely punctate,
apically subrugose, with all arese wanting, and lateral cost.-e sub-
obsolete. Scutellum apically and laterally lined with white, rarely
immaculate in c?- Abdomen black, half as long again as thorax,
apically smooth and hardly compressed ; first segment short,
basallv excavate and coarsely punctate, with no carinae, postpetiole
transverse, spiracles not prominent; second segment subtrans verse,
sparsely punctate and, between the transversely oval thyridii,
densely striolate ; third in J with a more or Jess conspicuous
pale fascia. Leys somewhat stout and red, with tlie anterior pairs
basally paler in J and sometimes black-marked in $ ; hind tarsi
and tibiae black, the latter sparsely setiferous externally and white
nearly to their centre internally in $ , or mainly testaceous in
cJ . which also often lias an infuscate band before, though never
at, the base. Wings hyaline, stigma infuscate and not broad,
basally pale; areolet irregular and subsessile ; nervellus oblique,
intercepted far below its centre.

Length 5-6£ millim.

SIKKIM : Darjiling, 6000 ft., ix. 09 (E. Brunelti). EUROPE.

This is an abundant and widely distributed species in Western
Europe. It is found upon flowers throughout the summer and,
though we know nothing of its economy, we may suspect it of
attacking Syrphid flies, since I took a female investigating a colony
of Aphis hieracii, in June 19U3. 1 have seen but a single female
from India.

PROMETIIUS. 2S7

Genus PROMETHUS, TJwns.

Promethes, Fiirster, Verli. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 162 (part.).

Promethus, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv, 1890, p. 1475.

Sussaba, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Xat. Hist. Soc. 1909, p. 728.

GENOTYPE, Bassus sulcator, Grav.

This genus contains the smallest and most fragile species of
the genus Bassus (sensu Holmg.). It is at oace recognised by
the entirely glabrous and very strongly nitidulous face in both
sexes and may be known from all other BA.SSIDES by having the
metathoracic spiracles small and immaculate, the scutellar fovea
simple and not transcarinate, by its lack of an areolet and its
never entirely black abdomen.

Range. Palaearctic and Oriental Regions.

Some eleven Palaearctic and three or four American species
have been described, but what it lacks in specific numbers is com-
pensated in thafc of individuals, for in Europe it is extremely
abundant throughout the summer on low herbage, more especially
in moist situations. It has very rarely been bred, and then, like
its immediate allies, the host has almost invariably proved to be
the larvae of aphidivorous SYRPHID.&.

But a single species, erroneously placed by Cameron in a new
genus, has hitherto been recorded from India, though further
investigation will in all probability prove it to be of very general
distribution in the more temperate regions.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Basal segment twice as long as broad ; 2nd

basally striate sulcator, Grav.

2 (1) Basal segment half as long again as broad ;

2nd mainly striate pulchelltts, Holmg.

204. Promethus sulcator, Grav.

Bassus sulcator, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 320, excl.

var. 1 ( cf $ ) ; of- Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1854, p. 84.
Bassus festivus, Zetterstedt (nee Fab.), Ins. Lapp, i, p. 378 ( $ ).
Bassus areolatus, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1854, p. 85 ; op. cit.

1855, p. 365 (d $ ) ; cf. Brischke, Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1878,

p. 113($).
Promethus sulcator, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv. 1890, p. 1479 ;

Morley, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 429 (J $).

A slender black species. Head as broad as thorax and tri-
angular ; cheeks elongate, epistoma of $ not pale ; irons smooth
and centrally subsulcate ; clypeus unequally foveolate and apically
slightly emarginate ; cf with face, cheeks and frontal orbits
shortly stramineous ; $ with mouth and clypeus pale. Antennae
•elongate, slender, filiform, reaching beyond the thorax nearly to

the anus, basally nigrescent or, especially in rf. pale beneath.

Thorax discallv shining and nearly smooth throughout, black, with

no pale humeral marks; notauli
indicated, pleurae smooth ; basal
metanotal area distinct and
subquadrate ; petiolar area
large, subovate and nitidulous.
Scutellum black and subconvex.
Abdomen black, with segments
three, four, and apex of second
red, fifth rarelv red ; basal seg-
ment aciculate, twice as long as
broad, parallel-sided, with the-

h~J ^fj^_ \T spiracles not very prominent ;

f fsss^mrss^\ second basally a little con-

stricted and substriate between
the distinct and subpellucid
thyridii ; anus of $ by no-
means strongly compressed.
Legs slender and fulvous, with
all the trochanters and the an-
terior coxae pale testaceous or,

in c? . flavous ; hind tarsi of rf subinfuscate. Wings with tegulae
flavous ; stigma pale and apically darker, or in c? infuscate and
basally paler : nervellus opposite and intercepted below its centre.
The <•? abdomen is rarelv black-marked centrally.
Length 4-6 millim.

SIKKIM: Darjiling, 6000 ft., ix. 08 (E. Brunetti — Ind. Mus.).
EUBOPE.

Type in the Breslau Museum.

This is a very abundant species in Western Europe from Lapland
to Hungary. It is captured by sweeping throughout the summer,
and is occasionally seen upon umbelliferous flowers ; Holmgren
once bred it from an unknown species of SyrpJius fly in Sweden.
Brunetti took a single rather dark male by sweeping grass and
low herbage at Darjiling.

Fig. 73. — Promcthus sitlcator, Grav.]

205. Promethus pulchellus. Holing.

Bassui sulcator, var. 1 <3 , vars. 3 et 4 c? $ , Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur.

iii, 1829, p. 321.

Bassm festivus, vars. 2 et 3, Gravenhorst, op. cit. p. 316 (tf $> ).
Basses jwlchellus, Holmgren (nee Desv.), Sv. Ak. Handl 1855t

p. 366 ( d 9 ) : Briscbke, Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1878, p. 113.
Promethus pulchellus, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiv, 1890, p. 1483;

Morley, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1905, p. 429 ( rf $ ). '•
Sussaba bicarinata, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nax. Hist. Soc. 1909,

p. 7

A shining and punctulate, mainly black species. Head broad,

EXOCHIDES. 289

of $ with mouth and a facial mark, of d1 with mouth and whole
face, flavous ; clvpeus apically strongly depressed, subfoveolate ;
face glabrous and strongly nitidulous ; frons nearly smooth.
Antennae immaculate and (in <? ) flavescent beneath. Thorax
black, with the mesonotum somewhat dull and distinctly punctate;
callosities before and beneath radices, and in cf the sternum and
pleural sutures partly flavous ; metathoracic areola small, distinct
and subquadrate ; petiolar area large, finely scabriculous and
laterally carinate. Scutellum black. Abdomen cylindrical, more
or less broadly dull red centrally, not trans-impressed, of $ apically
compressed ; basal segment scabriculous and half as long again as
broad, parallel-sided and centrally impressed basally ; second seg-
ment aciculate to near its apex, with the gastrocceli distinctly
impressed ; remainder smooth and nitidulous, with no citriuous
markings. Legs slender and red ; anterior coxae flavidous, in $
with their base and majority of the hind ones black. Wings
hyaline ; tegulae flavous ; nervellus subopposite and intercepted
slightly below its centre.

Lenr/th 5 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, ix. 98 (Col. Nurse). EUROPE.

Type in the Stockholm Museum.

This species has been supposed to have a limited distribution
through Central and Northern Europe, but is evidently much more
wide-spread, since no doubt can be entertained respecting the
synonymy of Stissaba bicarinata, the unique tvpe of which I have
examined in Col. Nurse's collection ; in the latter the coloration of
the hind femora is somewhat darker than in typical specimens, but
I have taken males with blackish hind femora in Britain, where
this is an abundant species from May to October, though nowhere
yet bred in captivity.

Tribe EXOCHIDES.

The members of this tribe are instantly and infallibly recognised
from the whole of the other ICHNEUMO^ID^ by the peculiar con-
formation of the head. This, viewed from above, appears sub-
circular and stout, but laterally the contour is seen to be very
irregular, since the frons is strongly excavate above the antennae,
which rise from the upper margin of the strongly prominent face
in such a manner that the continuity of the head is entirely inter-
rupted in front by a transverse suleus behind the scrobes. The
face is strongly convex, continuous with the clypeus, and usually
coarsely and evenly punctate. The body is strongly nitidulous,
with the thorax discally subdeplanate, and the abdomen fusiform
and strongly convex. The legs are always more or less incrassate
and never elongate. The wings are narrow and often lack all
trace of an areolet, which would appear to be a somewhat incon-
stant feature in this group.

u

290 ICHNEUMONID^E.

About half the Palaearctic genera are now recorded from India,
including two erroneously supposed to be new by Cameron, who
has further erected two which appear to me to be valid (though
one of them I have not seen), and these, together with one herein
brought forward, give us a total of eight from the Oriental Eegion.
This comparatively large number may perhaps be accounted for by
the fact that these insects attack, so far as we know at present,
Le idoptera and pot TENTHEEBINID.E.

Table of Genera.

1 (16) Flagellum filiform, its basal joint

elongate.

2 (13) Antennae distinctly shorter than

body ; flagellar joints cylindrical.

3 (6) Scutellum laterally margined ; rneta-

thoracic spiracles sublinear.

4 (5) Metanotum not areated; head pos-

teriorly broad AITHIUS, Cam., p. 290.

5 (4) Metanotum fully areated ; head [p. 292.

posteriorly very narrow XANTHEXOCHUS, gen. n.,

6 (2) Scutellum without a lateral margin ;

metathoracic spiracles oval or cir-
cular.

7 (10) Areolet wanting.

8 (9) Basal metathoracic area not dis-

crete from areola EXOCHUS, Grav., p. 293.

9 (8) Basal area discrete from areola POLYCLISTUS, Forst.,

10 (7) Areolet present. [p. 298.

11 (12) Basal segment of abdomen elongate

and discally bicarinate TRICLISTUS, Forst., p. 300.

12 (11) Basal segment quadrate and discally [p. 304.

smooth MEGATREMA, Cam.,

13 (3) Antennae as long as body, or nagellar

joints denticulate.

14 (15) Metanotum subglabrous, with all [p. 305.

arese obsolete COLPOTROCHIA, Holmg.,

15 (14) Metanotum rugulose, with complete [p. 308.

arese HYPERAOMTJS, Holmg.,

16 (1) Flagellum setiform, its basal joint [p. 310.

transverse SETICORNUTA, gen. n.,

Genus AITHRIS, Cam.
Aithris, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1900, p. 106.
GENOTYPE, A. cornutus, Cam.

Head buccate and broad behind the large, emarginate and not
apically convergent eyes; cheeks short, labrum not exserted,
clypeus not discrete, mandibles stoutly bidentate; occiput im-
marginate, frons apically prominent; vertex denply impressed
centrally, ocelli large. Flagellum with the two basal joints of
equal length. Mesopleurao centrally prominent and basally

AITHRIS. 291

depressed ; metanotum with no areae, its lateral carinae stout
and obliquely inflexed ; spiracles large and linear. Scutellum
deplanate and stoutly eariuate laterally to beyond its centre ;
postscutellum basally bifoveolate. Abdomen smooth and dilated
throughout, shining ; first as long as the two following segments,
laterally carinate above to the spiracles and below to its apex,
gradually dilated from centre, with spiracles small, circular and
slightly beyond centre ; gastrocoeli obsolete ; second to fourth
segments of equal length. Legs stout, with the femora incrassate;
hind legs with apical tarsal joint as long as the three preceding,
their tibiae bicalcarate ; calcaria short and stout ; front tarsi with
the first joint basally excised and as long as the apical, the inter-
mediate stout, with calcaria reaching centre of metatarsus.
Wings with no areolet, first abscissa of the radial nervure straight
and oblique, the second basally reflexed ; recurrent nervure curved
and nearly continuous with the transverse cubital ; lower basal
emitted from the median nervure beyond the upper basal.

Range. Assam.

This genus is said by its author to be closely related to Exoclms,
" but is abundantly distinct from anything described " ; as a matter
of fact, it appears to differ from Golpotrocliia in little but its
shorter antenna?.

206. Aithris cornutus, Cam. (emend.).

Aithris coenutus, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1900, p. 107 ( § , as J ).

2 . A stout black species, with the antennae rufescent, and the
legs and abdomen partly flavous. Head black, with the base of

Fig. 74. — Aithris cornutus, Cam.

the mandibles broadly and the clypeus apically testaceous, and
the palpi flavous ; face deeply and strongly punctate ; t'rous and

292 JCIIXEUSIOKIDJE.

vertex smooth and nitidulous, with sparse short pilosity, that of
the face longer and denser. Antennte rufo-testaceous, not as long
as the body, with dense pale pubescence and not strongly attenuate
apically. Thorax smooth, shining and immaculate, with the
pleurae and metanotum with dense long pale hairs ; propleura?
apically crenulate, mesopleura3 finely punctate, with the apical
half broadly excavate; metnpleurae longitudinally bicarinate on
either side of the spiracles. Scutellum and postscutellum entirely
flavous. Abdomen smooth and shining, deep black, with the third
and apical half of the second segment flavous. Legs black and
stout, with the hind tarsi infuscate; front legs (except basally)
and a large external mark on their femora, basal half of inter-
mediate tarsi and of their tibiae and apices of their femora, and
basal two-thirds of hind tibiae, flavous. Wings hyaline, with the
stigma and nervures infuscate, and the tegulse flavous.

Lenyili 7 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey*).

Type iu the Oxford Museum.

Genus XANTHEXOCHUS, gen. nov.

GENOTYPE, X. scittellatus, Mori.

Body testaceous and nitidulous ; size not small. Head strongly
transverse and abruptly constricted behind the eyes ; frons concave
and centrally prominent ; face protuberant and not discrete from
the clypeus; occiput vertically declivous from tho ocelli. Meta-
thorax with basal area obsolete ; areola transverse and hexagonal,
carinate throughout ; petiolar area longer than areola and obliquely
declivous; dentiparal longer than external area?; spiracles elongate.
Scutellum strongly deplanate and laterally bordered to near apex.
Basal abdominal segment not longer than apically wide, broadly
sessile and not bicarinate:ljeyond its centre; valvula3 large, terebra
not exserted. Legs very stout ; posterior calcaria unequal in
length. Wings somewhat ample and not narrow ; areolet wanting ;
upper basal forming right angle with median nervure ; nervellus
antefurcal and intercepted near its lower angle.

Hanfje. Assam.

This genus bears the same relationship to E,roc7nis that Xaniho-
pimpla does to Pimpla. It will at once be recognised from all
described EXOCHIDES by the strongly deplanate and laterally bor-
dered scutellum, the elongate petiolar area, the transverse areola,
which is basally distinctly discrete from the very small basal area,
the conspicuous frontal tubercle find the subtransverse basal abdo-
minal segment. The pale colour and large size are remarkable.
I have seen but a single species.

XASTH KXOCIIUS. — K.\( >C1I US. 293

207. Xanthexochus scutellatus, sp. n.

2 . A large, flavo-testaceous species, with sparse black markings.
J-Jeitd pale, with only the ocelli, occiput, and unequal mandibular
teeth, black ; face coarsely and evenly punctate, clypeus smoother.

Antennce black ; scape entirely
flavous, and the flagellum
ruf escent beneath . Thorax
testaceous, with the base of
the mesonofcum (whence pro-
ceed three testaceous discal
stripes), and the postscutellar
frenum narrowly, black ;
notauii distinct, superficial,
and not short. Scutellum
and postscutellum flavous.
Abdomen convex, nitidulous,
pilose, subparallel-sided, and
pale testaceous, with the base
175 of all the transverse segments

Xanlhexocli-us scutellatus, Mori. indeterminately and narrowly

blackish. Legs flavescent,
with the pulvilli, posterior claws, base of hind tibia?, and extreme
apex of their femora, black. Wings hyaline, with radix and
tegulse flavous and stigma infuscate.
Length 10 millim.

ASSAM : Chandkhira, Sylhet (J. L. Slier will).
Type in the British Museum.
Described from a single female.

Genus EXOCHUS, Gmv.

Exochus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. ii, 1829, p. 328 : Thomson. Deut.
Ent. Zeit. 1887, p. 207.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon gravipes, Grav.

A genus of small, shining black species with prominent face
and no areolet. Head transverse, with the vertex not narrow,
often with pale markings laterally ; occiput declivous and more
or less excavate; frons impressed above the scrobes, with no
eristulae ; face strongly convex and somewhat strongly punctate ;
cheeks often with an impressed sulcus and their costae usually
inflexed ; eyes always broader below and internally more or less
emarginate. Antennae shorter than the body, stout, filiform or
subsetaceous, emitted from the top of the facial prominence.
Thorax stout, usually deplanate, with the pronotal epoinia? dis-
tinct and nitidulous ; notauii wanting or punctiform ; areola
confluent with basal area, with no dividing carina; costula?
stronger in S ; petiolar area not discrete ; spiracles oval or
subcircular. Scutellum with no lateral margin. Abdomen

294 ICHXEUMONIDjE.

nitidulous, smooth or finely punctate ; basal segment with discal
carinse not extending to apex ; the next two or three segments
laterally margined beyond their centre, with broad epipleurae ;
sixth ventral of $ prominent, terebra usually concealed, hypo-
pygium retracted. Legs, and especially the femora, stout and not
elongate, with the claws stout ; intermediate tibia? with calcaria
of very unequal length. Wings not broad, with the nervulus
nearly always oblique and postfurcal, rarely interstitial ; areolet
wanting ; parallel nervure emitted from below centre of brachial
cell ; lower wings with the nervellus oblique and distinctly
antefurcal.

Range. PalaBarctic and Nearctic Eegions.

Thomson says (loc. cit. p. 198) that this genus, which originally
included the whole tribe, as understood by Gravenhorst, is dis-
tinguished from Polyclistus by its strongly unequal intermediate
calcaria, the pale markings on the head, the somewhat less
prominent face, less abruptly declivous occiput, and the less
constricted first abdominal segment ; I have, however, followed
Forster's clearer, though perhaps no more constant, definition by
placing herein those species with the basal metathoracic area
confluent with the areola, and reserving for Polyclistus those in
which these two area? are distinctly divided by a transverse
costa.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Nervellus geniculate before bottom ;

thorax not broadly flavous.
2(3) Scutellum flavous; thorax shining and

finely punctate xanthojnts, Cam., p. 204.

3 (2) Scutellum black ; thorax dull and

closely punctate parca, sp. n., p. 296.

4 (1) Nervellus freniculate at bottom ; thorax

broadly flavous.

5 (6) Metathoracic arerc incomplete ; basal

nervure subcoutinuous coronellus, sp. u., p. 290.

6 (5) Metathoracic areae complete : basal

nervure not continuous,

7 (8) Vertex of head narrower ; mesonotum

disc-ally black jlavicapttt, sp. n., p. 297.

8 (7) Vertex of head broader ; mesonotum

discal] y flavous flavinotwn, sp. n., p. 298.

208. Exochus xanthopus, Cam.

Exochus xantliojms, Cameron,* Journ, Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1902, p. 430 (rf).

c? . A black and shining species, profusely marked with
flavous. Head broadly rounded behind the internally very
slightly emarginate eyes ; occiput deplanate, longitudinally im-
pressed centrally, not abruptly declivous nor bordered below;
frons finely punctulate, centrally convex, and finely carinate

EXOCHTJS. 295

longitudinally ; vertical orbits broadly and triangularly, frontal
more narrowly, flavous ; face, mouth, and cheeks entirely
flavous, the first convex, coarsely and evenly punctate, not dis-
crete from the apically truncate clypeus ; mandibles not large,
apically infuscate. Antennae filiform and shortly pilose, black,
with the scape flavous beneath. Thorax stout and broader than
the head ; mesonotum shining and very finely punctate and pilose,
black, with large elongate callosities before and a line beneath
radix, as well as a triangular mark on the mesopleurae, bright
flavous ; notauli somewhat deeply impressed ; metathorax sub-
glabrous and nitidulous, with all the areas (except the basal area)
well-defined ; areola twice as long as broad and nearly parallel-
sided, emitting costulae much before its centre; petiolar area

Fig. 76. — Exoclius xanthopus, Cam.

short, entire and basally strong. Scutellum, postscutellura, and
both freni flavous. Abdomen elongate-fusiform, immaculate black,
finely punctulate and pilose throughout ; basal segment strongly
margined laterally and discally bicarinate to near its apex ; venter
and the elongate ventral valvulae piceous. Legs bright flavous,
with only the pulvilli, hind coxae, and basal joint of their tro-
chanters black ; posterior calcaria very unequal in length, with
the inner hind calcar distinctly shorter than the apical width
of its tibia. Wings hyaline and not broad ; radix and teguloe
flavous, stigma infuscate, nervures brownish ; upper basal by no
means continuous with the lower ; nervellus subopposite and
intercepted distinctly below its centre.

Lemjtli 7 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, v. 97 (Col. Nurse).

Tt/fje in Col. Nurse's collection.

The above description has been drawn from the type.

290 ICHNEUMONID.E.

20U. Exochus parca, sp. n.

rf $ . A black and shining species, with no flavous markings.
Head hardly narrower than thorax, and constricted behind the
internally unemarginate eyes; occiput subconcave and abruptly
declivous ; frons finely punctulate, centrally convex but not
carinate ; face convex, finely and evenly punctate, and not dis-
crete from the apically broadly rounded clypeus, of <$ testaceous
below the scapes ; palpi and the weak mandibles flavous. Antenna
filiform, apicallv subattenuate and a little shorter than the body ;
black, with the scape testaceous beneath. Thorax not very stout,
subcylindrical ; mesonotum dull, densely pilose and closely punc-
tulate, with the notauli not short ; metathorax subglabrous, with
strong carinae ; areola parallel-sided, thrice as long as broad,
apically truncate and entire, emitting costula3 from its centre ;
petiolar area entire and gradually declivous ; spiracles elongate
and not small. ScuteUum punctulate and black. Abdomen elongate-
fusiform, immaculate-black, finely punctulate and pilose through-
out; basal segment strongly margined laterally and discally
bicarinate to near its centre ; venter testaceous, terebra black and
subexserted; tf genital valvulae pale and elongately extruded.
Leys testaceous-red, with only the claws and pulvilli black ; inter-
mediate calcaria equal, the hind ones strongly unequal, in length.
Wings hyaline and not broad ; radix and tegulre flavous, stigma
piceous, nervures brunneous ; upper basal by no means continuous
with the lower; nervellus antefurcal and intercepted near its
lower angle.

Length 5£ millim.

PUNJAB: Kangra Valley, 4500 ft., iv. 99 (G. C. Dudgeon}-
ASSAM : Shillong, 6000 ft., v. 03 (Roivland Turner, type) ; CEILOX
(Thivaites—Oxf. Mus.).

Type $ in the British Museum.

I have seen three males and three females of this species.

210. Exochus coronellus, sp. n.

d . A black and flavous species, with the thorax tricoloured.
Head short and hardly narroAved
behind the internally broadly
emarginate eyes; occiput concave
and abruptly declivous ; frons
finely punctulate and centrally
convex, with no carinae ; head
flavous, with only the occiput and
ocellar region to scrobes black ;
face convex, pilose and hardly
discrete from the apically rounded
clypeus. Antennae pilose, filiform
and not attenuate apically, much

. . shorter than the bodv, black, with

Etockus coronellus, Mori. the ^ ^.^ ^^ ^ ^

stout, a little broader than the head ; mesonotum pilose

EXOCIIUS. 297

and not very shining, punctulate, black, with the superficial
notauli and a broad central vitta flavescent. becoming centrally
red ; mesopleura? flavous, with a basal fascia and a broad
line below radices black ; mesosternum testaceous, with the
interpectoral sulcus black ; metathorax glabrous and rufescent,
with its base punctulate and black ; areola strong to the con-
spicuous costulse, thence all arese are wanting. The convex and
punctate scutellum, its frenum and the postscutellura flavous.
Abdomen elongate-fusiform, broader behind centre, punctulate,
pilose, black, with apices of all the segments badious, or red, with
base of the basal three nigrescent ; basal segment strongly
margined laterally, and discally bicariuate only at its base ; venter
piceous. Legs bright stramineous, with only the pulvilli and
sometimes the hind trochanters blackish, hind coxso and their
tarsi reddish ; posterior calcaria very unequal in length. Wings
hyaline and not broad, radix and tegulae flavous, stigma and
nervures piceous ; basal nervures subcontinuous ; nervellus ante-
furcal and intercepted at its lower angle.

Length 5 millim.

ASSAM : Shillong, 6000 ft., v.03 (Rowland Turner}.

Type in the British Museum.

Allied to the variety of Exoclius cornnatus, Grav., described by
Thomson (Deut. Ent. Zeit. 1887, p. 211), but much more profusely
pale-marked, with the petiolar carinse shorter, nervellus intercepted
lower, etc.

Only two males of this beautiful species are known to me.

211. Exochus flavicaput, sp. n.

J . A nitidulous black species with the head (except posteriorly),
niesothorax broadly, scutellum and legs, bright flavous ; hind
coxee black ; basal nervure not continuous.

So similar is this insect to the last species lhat I am able to
differentiate them satisfactorily only by the metanotal arese and
alar neuration ; from E. coroneUus the present differs in having
no rufescent thoracic markings, the lateral sutures (but not the
disc) of the mesonotum broadly flavous, the mesopleurse only
centrally concolorous and the mesosternum immaculate black ;
the metathorax is entirely black, with only the basal lateral areae
punctate, all the arese entire with the areola apically strong,
both lateral carina3 present and the petiolar area discrete ; the
abdomen is entirely black above with its basal segment bicarinate
to the centre ; the legs are bright stramineous with only the
pulvilli and whole of the hind COXEB and trochanters black ; the
nervellus is similarly intercepted, but the basal nervure of
the front wing is very distinctly postfurcal and for some distance
merged in the median ; and the size is distinctly larger.

Lencjili 7 millim.

SIKKIM : Darjiling, 6000 ft., ix. 08 (E. Brunetti).

Type in the Indian Museum.

290 ICJINEUMOXIDJE.

I am quite prepared to find it a well-known Palaearctic species ;
but it is unknown to me and 1 cannot reconcile it with any of
Holmgren's or Thomson's descriptions. Described from a single
example.

212. Exochus flavinotum, sp. n.

2 . A nitidulous black species, with the head (except posteriorly
and at the upper external orbits), mesothorax broadly and discally,
scutellura, and whole legs, bright flavous ; head buccate ; basal
nervure not continuous.

Length 5j millim.

ASSAM : Ukhrul, Manipur, 6400 ft. (Rev. W. Pettigrew).

Type in the Indian Museum.

At once recognised from the above two species by its posteriorly
much broader head and more deplanate mesonotum, which bears
a definite quadrate discal spot. I find no other distinctions of
note.

Genus POLYCLISTUS, Forst.

Polyclistm, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1808, p. 161 ; Thomson,

Deut. Ent. Zeit. 1887, p. 217.
Metacodm, Holmgren (nee Forst.), Ofv. 1873, p. 61.

GEXOTYPE, Ichneumon mangueior, Grav.

Head laterally almost semiglobose, vertex narrow and abruptly
declivous behind the internally not einarginate eyes, occiput
subexavate ; frons densely and finely punctate, with the scrobes
distinct, though neither elongate nor deeply impressed; cheeks
long, but not sulcate ; face densely and very finely punctate,
strongly protuberant below the scrobes. Antennae somewhat
short, stout, apically attenuate, wilh the <S flagellar joints
elongate. Thorax with pronotum glabrous and metathoracic
costula? strong. Basal abdominal segment strongly constricted
basally, with the carina? long and stout ; the three or four
following segments laterally margined beyond the centre ; the
second transverse and, like the following, densely and evenly
punctate. Legs stout, but with the anterior tansi less strongly
dilated than the hind ones ; intermediate tibiae with calcaria of
equal length. Wings with the stigma somewhat broad, nervulus
postfurcal and the lower angle of the discoidal cell somewhat acute.

Ranye. Europe, Himalayas, United States.

The above is Thomson's definition of this genus, which he says
differs from Kvochus in its more prominent face, immaculate
black face and vertex, abruptly declivous occiput, and more
strongly narrowed base of the petiole. In practice, however, I
have simply followed Fb'rster's meagre definition, regarding those
species possessing two central metanotal areae as pertaining to
Rrochm, and those with three as falling into the present genus.

POLYCLISTUS. 299

It appears to me that Holmgren, Fbrster, and Thomson all
described different genera; and Polyclistus were, perhaps, better
merged in Exochus if the name had not already been frequently
cited, especially by systematists.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Head, thorax, and scutellum broadly

marked with flavous appendiculatus, Cam.

2 (1) Head, thorax, and pfutellum immacu-

late black , erythropus, Cam.

213. Polyclistus appendiculatus, Cam.

Exochus apj>endicul(ttns, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1902, p. 430($).

$ . A small, shining black, flavous-marked species. Head
as broad as thorax, broadly narrowed behind the internally
slightly emarginate eyes ; occiput glabrous, abruptly declivous and
deplanate ; frons finely punctulate, evenly convex and pilose
throughout, with scrobes distinct but cristulae wanting ; face
strongly protuberant, evenly convex and coarsely punctate, not
discrete from the apically margined and truncate clypeus ; face,
mouth (except base and apex of mandibles), cheeks, frontal orbits
and a large triangular dot at vertical orbits, flavous. Antennce
tiiliform, some\vhat shorter than body, obsoletely pilose, the scape
with a flavous mark beneath. Thorax subcylindrical and black,
with an elongate flavous callosity before radices ; mesonotum
pilose and coarsely, thougli not very closely, punctulate ; notauli
punctiform ; metanotum glabrous and discally deplanate, with
complete areas ; basal area quadrate ; areola hexagonal and a little
longer than broad, emitting costulse near its base ; petiolar area
not vertical, short, entire and basally strong. Scutellum at sides
and apex, its frenum and whole of postscutellum, flavous.
Abdomen nitidulous, punctate and pilose throughout ; two basal
segments laterally margined, the first laterally a little explanate
throughout, with the disc bicarinate only on its basal third ;
venter and the basally concealed terebra piceous. Legs strami-
neous ; anterior pairs with pulvilli and extreme base of coxa?
infuscate : hind ones with coxae, trochanters and extreme base of
femora black ; posterior calcaria very unequal in length, the outer
intermediate being particularly short. Wings hyaline and not
broad ; areolet wanting : radix and tegulre flavous, stigma narrow
and piceous ; basal nervure subcontinuous ; nervellus nearly
antefurcal and intercepted near its lower angle.

Length 5 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, ix. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

I have seen only the type.

300 ICHNEUMON! l>.i:.

214. Polyclistus erythropus, t'i////.

Exochus erythroptu, Cameron,* .luurn. Bombay Nat. Ilist. Soc.

1902, p. 4l>3 ( 2 )•

$ . A shining black species, with only the legs, mouth
and scape pale. Head narrower than thorax and abruptly
constricted behind the internally
slightly emarginate eyes ; occiput
abruptly sloping and a little concave;
frons finely punctulate, centrally
convex, with no carinae; face strongly
protuberant, evenly convex and finely
punctate, red beneath the scrobes
and not discrete from the apically
ally! imniarginate and truncate clj'peus ;

mandibles weak, rufescent, with their
apices hardly darker, palpi tlavescent.
73 Antenna? somewhat shorter than the

Piilijdistm erythropus, Cam. body, setaceous, with the flagellar
joints apically subnodulous, black,

with the scape entirely testaceous. Thorax stout and immaculate
black; mesonotum distinctly and not very finely punctate and
pilose, with notauli elongate ; metanotum obsoletely punctate,
with complete areso ; basal area minute and subcircular ; areola
parallel-sided, twice as long as broad, apically rectangular and
basally curved, emitting costulae a little before its centre ; petiolar
urea subvertical, entire and basally strong; spiracles elongate and
not small. Scutellum finely punctate and immaculate. Abdomen
nitidulous, punctate and pilose throughout ; two basal segments
laterally margined, the first laterally a little explanate throughout,
with the disc bicarinate to its centre ; venter piceous, terebra,
slightly exserted. Legs entirely testaceous, with only the claws
and pulvilli irifuscate ; intermediate calcaria equal, hind ones
unequal. Winys hyaline and not broad; areolet wanting ; radix
and teguloe testaceous, stigma piceous ; basal nervure hardly
continuous ; nervellus nearly antefurcal and intercepted near its
lower angle.

Length 6 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Niirse).
Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

The only example I have seen, besides the type, is in the
Oxford Museum ; it is labelled " India, Boys," and is remarkable
in having a well-defined areolet in the left wing and no trace of
one in the right.

Genus TRICLISTUS, font.
Tridistus, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 161.
GENOTYPE, Exochus podagricus, Grav.

Head more or less strongly buccate, with the frous impressed
on either side and in the centre carinate between the antenna?,

TRICLISTUS. 301

often sulcate before the ocelli ; vertex elevated and the very
prominent face strongly punctate ; mandibles deplanate and
basally broad ; eyes oblong, externally sligbtly sinuate and
internally somewhat emarginate next the scrobes. Flagellum a
little attenuate basally, with its first joint cylindrical. Meta-
thoracic spiracles circular, and the sternum basally bifid between
the intermediate coxae. Abdomen smooth and nitidulous ; apical
ventral segment of 5 broad and apically emarginate, entire! v
concealing the terebra and sometimes extending to the apex of
abdomen. Femora strongly incrassate ; hind calcaria somewhat
stout, with the internal calcar nearly half the length of the
metatarsus. Areolet entire, rarely with its external nervum
pellucid, and generally shortly petiolate.

Range. Europe, India, Burma, Ceylon, and North America.

This genus is distinguished by having a more or less distinct
areolet, the areola and central lateral metanotal areoo not discrete,
the nervellus intercepted at its basal third, the second abdominal
segment not diseally carinate, the basal flagellar joint distinctly
longer than the second, and the abdomen sessile, with the spiracles
of its basal segment somewhat before the centre.

Cameron appears to have used the genus Evoclius in its older
and broader sense, with the result that it is now difficult to assign
to their more modern genera the insects set out in his earlier
descriptions.

Table of Species.

1 (6) Face and frontal orbits immaculate.

'1 (3) Abdomeu entirely red dimidiatits, sp. n., p. 301.

3 (2) Abdomen entirely black.

4 (5) Areola slightly longer than broad ;

length 7 millim aitkeni, Cam., p. 302.

f) (4) Areola twice as long as broad ; length [p. 303,

4 millim curvicarinatus, Cam.,

6 (1) Entire face and frontal orbits pale .. pallidij'rons, sp. n., p. 304.

215. Triclistus dimidiatus, sp. n.

$ . A conspicuous red species, with the head and thorax black.
Head immaculate and not strongly constricted behind the internallv
broadly emarginate eyes ; occiput abruptly sloping and bordered
below ; vertex narrow ; frons distinctly and sparsely punctate,
apically produced into a longitudinal horn between the distinct
scrobes ; mouth-parts partly rufescent. Antennce filiform and a
little longer than half the body, dull fulvous, becoming paler
basally, with the scape flavescent. Thorax black, evenly punctate
and nitidulous ; notauli wanting; mesonotum apically produced;
all the pleurao absolutely glabrous and strongly nitidulous ;
metanotum obsoletely punctate, with the petiolar area very short
and basally entire ; areola parallel-sided, fully twice as long as
broad, with no costuke, but the carinte both above and below the-

302

ICUNEUMOMU.E.

large ovate spiracles distinct. Scutellum black, subdeplanate,
sparsely punctate and with brown hairs, with no lateral margin.
Abdomen bright brick-red, cylindrical, subdeplanate and a little
longer than head and thorax, nitidulous and somewhat closely

Sunctate, with fulvescent hairs ; basal segment paler, gradually
ilated throughout, not half as long again as apically broad, with
its apically glabrous disc weakly bicarinate from base to centre ;
terebra not exserted. Legs very stout and luteous, with the hind
femora red, their tibiae apically and (probably) the whole hind
tarsi black. Wings ample, with the radix and tegulae flavescent,
stigma piceous ; areolet entire, oblique and petiolate ; basal nervure
strongly sinuate and elongately merged in the median.

Length 7^ millim.

BURMA: "Karen Hills, 3000-3700 ft. (L. Fed}.

Type in the Genoa Civic Museum.

The abdominal colour is distinctive. I have seen only a single
specimen.

216. Triclistus aitkeni, Cam. (emend.).

Exochus aitkini, Cainerou,* Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 31 (tf).

A black species, with the legs, except the hind coxae and tarsi,
stramineous. Head nitidulous and closely covered with short
black hairs ; face closely and somewhat strongly punctate above,

frons semicircularly canali-
culate beyond the ocelli ;
palpi flavescent, and man-
dibles piceous before their
apices. Antennce with
short infuscate pubescence
and the flagellum, especially
basally, piceous. Thorax
with sparse inFusoate pub-
escence, pleurae glabrous
and nitidulous ; metanotuin
fully areated, the areola
slightly longer than broad,
dilated to shortly beyond
its centre and thence
narrowed to the truncate
apex; metapleurae apically
shagreeued and sinuately
carinate above the spiracles. Abdomen with the first segment
basally depressed, the depression margined, and the margin con-
tinued shortly beyond it as blunt keels, apically obscurely
punctured. Legs stramineous, with the hind coxae and tarsi
black. Wings hyaline, with the stigma infuscate ; areolet minute,
elougately petiolate and not much broader than the submarginal

Fig. 79.
Triclistus aitkeni, Cam.

THICLISTTJS. 303

nervure, its outer nervure pellucid and continuous with the
second recurrent.

Length 7 millim.

BENGAL (E. H. Aitlcen).^

Type in the Oxford Museum.

I have seen only the type.

217. Triclistus curvicarinatus, Cam.

Exochus curvicarinatus, Cameron,* Jo urn. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1902, p. 431($).

5 . A black and shining species, with no flavous markings.
Head broadly rounded behind the internally distinctly emargiiiate
eyes ; occiput subvertical and bordered below ; frons finely
punctulate, strongly carinate centrally ; face convex, coarsely and
sparsely punctate, and not discrete from the apically truncate
clvpeus ; mandibles strong and apically rufescent ; ligula fulvous,
palpi flavous. Antennae filiform, much shorter than the body and
with white hairs, fulvous throughout, with the scape and base of
flagellum hardly paler beneath. Thorax stout and slightly
broader than the head ; mesouotura shining and distinctly,
though not very closely, punctate and pilose ; notauli distinct
and punctiform ; nieta thorax subglabrous and nitidulous, with all
the areae (except the basal area) well-defined ; areola nearly twice
as long as centrally broad, subhexagonal, emitting costulse from
its centre ; pet iolar area short, entire and basally strong. Scutellum
punctate and immaculate. Abdomen nearly parallel-sided, im-
maculate black, finely puuctulate and pilose throughout; basal
segment laterally subimmarginate, and cliscally bicarinate only to
its centre ; venter, pygidium and the subconcealed terebra piceous.
Legs flavescent, with only the hind tarsi and the base of the
coxae subinfuscate ; tibiae, and apices of the intumesceut front
femora, stramineous ; intermediate calcaria nearly equal in length,
the hind ones very unequal, with the outer calcar apically
obliquely truncate and somewhat shorter than the apical width
of their tib se. Wings hyaline and not broad ; radix and tegulie
flavous, stigma piceous ; upper basal by no means continuous
with the lower basal nervure ; areolet externally continuous with
the second recurrent nervure, minute, obliquely quadrate and
elongately petiolate, with its outer nervure, like the whole upper

t E. Hamilton Aitken, M.A., of the Customs Department at Karachi, was
born at Satara, in Bombay, in 1851 and died on llth April, 1909. He
was one of the founders of the Bombay Natural History Society, and for many
years had charge of its Entomological Section. He is perhaps better known
as " Eha,'' the author of " A Naturalist on the Prowl," etc.

304 icHNEUMONiD-*:.

half of the recurrent, fenestrate ; nervellus anteturcal and
indistinctly intercepted far below its centre.

Length 4 millim.

BOMBAY : Deesa, x. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

1 have seen only the typical female.

218. Triclistns pallidifrons, sp. n.

$ . A small black species with the eyes, face and base of
antenna) uuicolorous flavous. Head entirely testaceous below
the antennas, with the frontal
orbits anteriorly concolorous.
Antennce stout and flavescent,
becoming testaceous centrally and
infuscate apically. Thorax: meta-
thoracic costulae wanting and the
petiolar area somewhat short.
Legs: hind calcaria not longer
than half the metatarsus nor than
the apical breadth of the tibia.
Wings hyaline, with the radix and
teguhe flavous ; radius of upper

IrUHmfXlfr**, Mori. ^"S? ei?itted 1from f nt™ °f the
broad stigma ; lower basal nervure

elongately postfurcal and areolet subpetiolate.

Length 4 millira.

CEYLON (Dr. Thwaites).

Type in the British Museum.

This species is very closely allied to T. pallidipes, Holing.
(Ofv. 1873, p. 59), but the pale face and frontal orbits instantly
distinguish it.

Genus MEGATREMA.
Megatrend, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1907, p. 468.

GENOTYPE, M. albopilosa, Cam.

Clypeus not discrete ; cheeks distinct ; mandibles broad and
equally bidentate ; vertex not apically carinate ; temples short,
sharply and obliquely constricted ; ocelli in a curve, with the
basal ones twice as far from each other as from the eyes. Basal
flagellar joint longer than the second. Mesonotum and scutellum
deplanate ; metanotal areola stoutly carinate, its basal half parallel-
sided, its apex subcircular, enclosing two slender and convergent
carinae ; spiracles very large, oval and more than twice as long as
centrally broad ; lateral carinae extending to a deeply impressed
pyiiforin area ; "the sides of the metanotum at the middle are
roundly curved inwardly." Abdominal segments with no carina-:
the basal sessile, as long as basally broad, with its spiracles at the
base. Legs stout, with the apical joint of the front tarsi large and

MEGATBEMA. — COLPOTEOCHIA. 305

dilated ; hind tibiae elongately bicalcarate, with the larger extending
beyond centre of metatarsus. Areolet small, triangular and petio-
late, emitting the second recurrent from its apex ; upper continuous
with lower basal nervure ; stigma somewhat elongate and not much
broader than costa, emitting radius from apex of its basal third ;
nervellus distinctly angled and intercepted at it lower fourth.

Range. Sikkim.

This genus is said to be easily recognised by its very large and
elongate metathoracic spiracles.

219. Megatrema albopilosa, Cam.

Megatrema albopilosa, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1907, p. 469
(cO.

A smooth black shining species, with dense white pubescence, and
the greater part of the antenna? and anterior legs red. Head with
face and clypeus densely punctate and with long dense pubescence ;
frons and vertex more closely and finely punctate. Antenna with
the fourteen basal joints red. Thorax with the mesonotum sparsely
but distinctly punctate, its basal impression stoutly bicarinate on
either side; pleurae punctate and with long white hairs; metanotum
basally glabrous, with the petiolar area strongly and irregularly
punctate, its apex centrally elevated, finely strigose and circularly
incised. Scutellum sparsely and not strongly, though distinctly,
punctate. Abdomen double the length of the thorax, with its
apical segments bluntly pointed and with dense black hairs. Legs
black, Avith the anterior trochanters, femora, tibia?, and tarsi red ;
all the calcaria white; tibise and tarsi densely, femora more sparsely,
white pilose. Wings hyaline to the basal nervure, thence infumate,
with a violet tinge ; nervures and stigma black ; hind wings hyaline,
with their apices but slightly and narrowly infumate.

Length 13 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. Bingham}.

Unknown to me.

Genus COLPOTROCHIA, Holmg.

Colpotrochia, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1854, p. 80.

Inoresa, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1909, p. 724.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon elegantulus, Schrank.

Head transverse, with the vertex rounded ; face somewhat
convex and subprotuberant ; clypeus not discrete ; mandibles
basally broad, convexly constricted apically, with the teeth subeqnal
in length ; eyes oblong and distinctly emarginate next the antenna?.
Antennae stout and filiform, with their apices attenuate; not or
hardly shorter than the body. Thorax stout ; metathorax with
spirac-les elongate and parallel-sided ; metanotal area? wanting, with
but indications of a minute basal area. Abdomen ovate-subfusi-
form, subsessile, nitidulous and pilose ; first segment gradually

306 ICHNEUMOX1DJE.

constricted basally, inconspicuously bicarinate before its centre,
where are the spiracles ; terebra concealed and hardly extending to
anus. Areolet wanting ; radius and second recurrent nervures
strongly sinuate ; nervellus intercepted below its centre. Legs
stout, with the femora incrassate.

Eange. Europe, Punjab, Assam.

The lack of an areolet and of any distinct basal metanotal areoe,
coupled with the subsessile abdomen, will instantly distinguish this
conspicuous genus. The type of that recently erected by Cameron
agrees to a remarkable extent with the common European Colpo-
trochia elegantula, Schr., and it is obvious that he did not know the
present genus.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Frons closely punctate ; scutellum and abdo-

men red mclanosoma, sp. n.

2 (1) Frons sparsely punctate ; scutellum and abdo-

men flavous pilosa, Cam.

220. Colpotrochia melauosoma, sp. n.

$ . A handsome black species, with rich red markings. Head
black and obliquely constricted behind the internally slightly
emarginate eyes, which do not ex-
tend to the base of the mandibles ;
occiput and frons closely punctate,
with the latter strongly carinate
between the scrobes ; face strongly
and evenly punctate, with griseous
pilosity, not impressed nor discrete
from the apically broadly rounded
clypeus ; palpi and the centre of
the evenly bidendate mandibles
testaceous. Antenna* not shorter
than the body, black, strongly atten-
Fig. 81. uate, with the scape entirely and

1 Colpotrochia melanosoma, Mori, the flagelluin beneath testaceous ;
all the joints very short, with the

first flagellar hardly longer than the second. Thorax much broader
than head, black, and with long grey hairs ; mesonotum nitidulous,
sparsely and finely punctulate, hardly produced apically, with no
notauli ; mesopleurse nitidulous and distinctly punctate; metathorax
very finely punctate, lateral carinse distinct both above and below
the very elongate spiracles; basal area minute, triangular and sub-
complete ; petiolar wanting, longitudinally tricurinate apically and
not produced. Scutellum riot large, nitidulous and subdeplanate,
deep red, with its long pilosity and transverse postscutellnm
concolorous. Abdomen distinctly longer than, and apically nearly
as broad as, head and thorax, very strongly nitidulous, with the

COLPOTHOCHIA. 307

central segments glabrous ; finely pilose and deep black, the apical
half of the two basal segments and the third, except in centre of
its base, deep red ; hypopygium apically truncate, rufescent and
covering the base of the eoncolorotis terebra. Legs short and
stout, black, with the anterior tarsi, the front and base of inter
mediate tibiae and the front femora, except at their base, testaceous ;
hind tibiae broadly rufo-testaceous centrally ; pulvilli elongate,
claws simple. Wings testaceous-hyaline, with the costa, stigma,
radix, and tegula3 testaceous ; nervures blackish.

Length 11-12 milliin.

ASSAM : Shillong, 6000 ft., iv. and ix. 03 (Rowland Turner).

Type in the British Museum.

The abdomen varies both in the length of the petiolar carinae,
which in the type are simply basal, but in the larger specimen
extend beyond the centre, and in coloration, since in the latter
both base and apex of the second segment, merely the apex of the
first, the whole of the third, and the sides of the fourth laterally,
are red.

221. Colpotrochia pilosa, Cam.

Inoresa pilosa, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1909,
p. 724($ asrf).

5 . A handsome black and flavous species, with the flagellum,
stigma, and hind femora red. Head black and somewhat constricted
behind the internally emarginate eyes, which extend to base of
mandibles ; occiput and frons sparsely and obsoletely punctate,
with the latter strongly carinate between the scrobes ; face strongly
and evenly punctate and with white hairs throughout, not im-
pressed, nor discrete from the small and apically truncate
clypeus ; mandibles and palpi flavescent, with apices of former
black. Antennae flavous, with the flagellum ferruginous above and
apically ; all the joints very short, the first about half as long
again as second ; scape not strongly excised. Thorax black, with
callosities before radices, the metapleurae narrowly at their base,
and the apical two-thirds of the metanotum, flavous; mesonotum
with grey hairs and shagreened, apically subacuminate, with no
notauli ; mesopleurse nitidulous and distinctly punctate; mela-
thorax basally and laterally black and very finely punctate ; lateral
carinae distinct both above and below the strongly elongate spiracles ;
basal area minute and incomplete ; petiolar area AArantiug, apically
longitudinally tricarinate and subproduced on either side of the
petiole. Scutdlum not large, nitidulous and subdeplanate, flavous,
with its elongate pilosity and transverse postscutellum concolorous.
Abdomen half as long again, though not broader than, head and
thorax, somewhat .nitidulous, closely punctulate and strongly
pilose, black, with the three basal segments broadly flavous at their
apices both above and below; apical margin of fourth segment
obsoletely rufesceut ; hypopygium apically truncate, not extending
to base of the rufescent terebra. Legs short and stout, flavous

x2

308 ICHKEUMOKID^.

and with white hairs, the apices of the hind femora and tibia?
hlackish ; pulvilli elongate, claws simple. Wings flavescent-
hyaline, with the costa, stigma and radix testaceous, the tegulae
flavous, and the nervures blackish.

Length 12 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla (Col. Nurse) ; BOMBAY, Karachi (T. R. Bell).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Besides its larger size and distinctive coloration, this species
appears to differ from the remainder of its congeners in the
transverse postscutellum, which in the typical C. elegantida, Schr.,
is quadrate.

Mr. Bell's specimen was bred from a nest of a wasp, Eumenes
esuriens, F.

Genus HYPERACMUS, Holmg.

Jfyperacmm, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. TIandl. 1855, p. 322.
Nothaima, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1902, p. 428.

GENOTYPE, Exochus crassicornis, Grav.

Head transverse, with the vertex emarginate and the face
strongly protuberant ; inter-antennal carina entirely wanting ;
clypeus deplanate and but obsoletely discrete ; eyes not
emarginate. Antennae stout, with the scape subcylindrical ;
flagellum filiform, of J as long as the body and apically attenuate,
with the joints elongate and the fifth basally emarginate; of $
short, with the joints subtransverse and externally subdenticulate.
Thorax deplanate, with the epomiae wanting and epicnemia entire;
notauli very distinct and extending to centre of mesonotum ;
metathorax somewhat convex and rugulose, with obvious longi-
tudinal, but no transverse, costae ; petiolar area subobsolete.
Abdomen of 5 oblong-ovate, of c? subcylindrical ; basal segment
rugulose, gradually constricted basally and laterally emarginate,
with the spiracles slightly before the centre ; remaining segments
transverse and nitidulous. Legs subincrassate and not very shortt
with the tibiae externally setiferous and the calcaria curved.
Wings narrow and somew hat elongate ; areolet wanting ; nervellus
intercepted below its centre.

Range. North and Central Europe, Himalayas, Connecticut.

The strongly deplanate and nitidulous mesothorax and abdomen,
and the peculiar conformation of the antenna in both sexes, will
serve instantly to distinguish this genus. No male was assigned
to it till 1871, when Brischke discovered that sex in Prussia.

In its deeplv impressed notauli, longitudinally carinate meta-
notuin and the excised antennae of the male there would appear to
be some connection with the Pimplid genus Lampronola, though
the legs are very much stouter, the head anteriorly prominent and
the terebra of the female is not exserted.

HYPERACMUS. 309

222. Hyperacmus crassicornis, Grav.

Exochus crassicornis, Gravenhorst, Ich. Eur. ii, 1829, p. 347 ($).
Hyperacmus crassicornis, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1855, p. 322

(2); Briachke, Schr. phys. okon. Ges. Konigsb. 1871, p. 101;

Brischke, Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1878, p. 108 ; Thomson, Deut.

Ent. Zeit. 1887, p. 199 (rf $).
Nothaima bicarinata, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.

1902, p. 428 (cJ).

J 5 . A stroagly shining black species, with the palpi pale, the
mouth, underside of antennae and most of the legs castaneous.
Head somewhat tnmidulous, with
the vertex emarginate and the
strongly protuberant face smooth
or but sparsely punctulate ; frous
somewhat convex, punctulate, and
centrally canaliculate. Thorax
stout and deplanate; metathorax
scabriculoiis,withtwolongitiulinal
discal carinee, extending from base
to apex ; spiracles not small,
longer than broad but not paral-
lel-sided. Scutellum subglabrous
and nitidulous, immaculate. Ab-
domen black or sometimes mainly
Fig. 82. badious, of $ hardly and in. <j

Hyper acmus crassicornis, Grew, distinctly longer than head and
thorax ; basal segment laterally

nearly straight, dorsally scabriculous, with weak basal carinse
extending to the spiracles, which are a little before the centre
and not prominent ; remaining segments strongly shining. Legs
piceous or castaneous, with the anterior pairs paler, especially
in c? ; all the coxae and the hind trochanters black. Wings
hyaline, with the tegulse, radius, and stigma piceous ; radial cell
somewhat narrow.
Length 7-9 mi Him.

PUNJAB, Simla (Col. Nurse); UNITED PROVINCES: Mussoori,
7000 ft., vi. 05 (E. Brunetti—Ind. Mus.). EUROPE.

Type in the Breslau Museum ; the type of Cameron's species
in Col. Nurse's collection.

An examination of Cameron's type has enabled me unhesitatingly
to synonymise it with Gravenhorst's species, which has been known
in Central Europe since 1829, though apparently rare both there
and in Sweden. It was not recognised as British till 1882 ; and
its occurrence in the Himalayas indicates how little we yet know
of the distribution of the ICHNEUMONID.E.

310 ICIIXEUMOMD.E.

Genus SETICORNUTA, gen. nov.
GENOTYPE, S. albicalcar, Mori.

Head narrower than thorax and strongly constricted posteriorly ;
frons and vertex obsoletely punctate and shining ; face strongly
protuberant, uniformly coarsely punctate and continuous with the
hardly smoother clypeus ; mandibles parallel-sided and longi-
tudinally striate ; eyes einarginate next the scrobes. Antennae
but little longer than half the body ; scape strongly punctate and
very little excised ; flagellum peculiarly setiform and basally stout,
consisting of some forty-five very strongly transverse joints, of
which the apical are carinate beneath. Thorax deplanate, niti-
clulous and sparsely pilose ; notauli superficial, though extending
to the di.-c ; mesopleurae convex ; metauotum strongly carinate at
the apex and equally strongly bicarinate on the disc, rendering the
quite circular areola and rather longer basal area conspicuous :
costulae wanting; spiracles elongate and occupying the whole space
between the two lateral carinae. Scutelluni strongly deplanate,
sparsely punctate and bordered only at its base. Abdomen convex ;
subparallel-sided and a little longer than the head and thorax, niti-
dulous and finely pubescent ; first segment short, and centrally
glabrovs beyond the strongly bicarinate base, with basal spiracles ;
thyridii wanting ; venter not concave ; terebra hardly visible.
Legs, and especially femora, short and stout, the hind tarsi
extending to but slightly beyond the anus ; calcaria unequal ;
claws small, curved, and not extending beyond the broad pulvilli.
Wings ample, but not broad ; areolet entire, small and petiolate,
emitting the recurrent nervure from its apex ; basal nervure con-
tinuous ; nervellus antefurcal and genie ulate at its lower third.

Range. Burma and Ceylon.

Somewhat resembling llyperacmus, but unique in its flageilar
conformation.

223. Seticonmta albicalcar, sp. n.

$ . A shining black species, with recumbent white hairs,

rendering the body
dull and lending it a
kind of bloom. Scape
entirely, the ten basal
flageilar joints abruptly,
the tegulae, the front
femora, tibiae and their
tarsi, bright fulvous ;
hind legs slightly badi-
ous ; all the calcaria
white ; front wings
densely infumate from
the basal nervure, and
the hind ones slightly

Fig. 83. towards their apices.

Scticornuta albicalcar, Mori. Length 13| millim.

TRYPHONIDES. 31 1.

TEWASSERIM : Mergui (W. Doherty, type); CEYLON: Kandy,
vii. 10 (0. S. Wickwar}.

Type in the Indian Museum.

The economy of this remarkable insect should prove peculiar and
interesting, in connection -with such remarkable organs of touch.

Tribe TRYPHONIDES.

Recent authors have subdivided this division, regarded by
Holmgren as of equal rank with the METOPIIDES (his ASPIDOPI),
BASSIDES (his SCHIZODO^TI) and EXOCHIDES (his PROSOPI), into
sections which they consider as distinct from each other as from
Holmgren's other sections ; bat this I think incorrect. The
whole conformation of the above four great divisions is so
dissimilar that they are distinguishable at a glance, whereas the
distinction between the MESOLEPTINI and TRYPHONINI is no more
than the comparative sessility of the abdomen, and a distinct line
cannot be drawn in this respect; these two differ from the
CTENOPELMINI solely in the absence of tarsal pectination ; and all
three are nearly indistinguishable from the CTENISCINI, excepting
in the conformation of their calcaria ; they have a common
facies, and all, I believe, prey upon Sawflies. Hence I prefer to
retain them under a common head, H.OMALOPI or TRYPnosriDES.

Table of Genera.

1 (30) Head not apically constricted ; wings

of normal breadth.

2 (21) Tarsal claws simple, not pectinate

beneath.

3 (12) Abdomen with basal segment more or

less distinctly petiolate (MESOLEP-
TINI).

4 (5) Scutellum margined ; abdominal seg- [p. 312.

ments large, apical hidden CRYPTODEMA, gen. nov.,

5 (4) Scutellum not margined ; abdominal

segments normal.

G (7) Head discally quadrate and pos- [p. 314.

teriorly as long as eyes PERILISSUS, Holmg.,

7 (6) Head discally transverse and pos-

teriorly shorter than eyes.

8 (9) Areolet wanting ; subinarginal ner-

vure incrassate TILGIDA, Cam., p. 317.

9 (8) Areolet entire ; submarginal nervures

not incraasate.

10 (11) Clypeus not discrete, nor antennae [p. 319.

pale-banded HYPOCRYPTUS, Forst.,

11 (10) Clypeus distinctly discrete ; an- [p. 320.

tennse pale-banded EURYPROCTUS, Holmg.,

312 1CHNEUMOSIIX.E.

12 (3) Abdomen with basal segment sessile,

subsessile, or subpetiolate (TiiY-

PHONINl).

13 (16) Abdomen subcylindrical ; spiracles

of 1st segment central.

14 (15) 2nd segment not impressed ; areolet

of normal size ; body red-marked. . TRYPHON, Fin., p. 325.

15 (14) 2nd segment obliquely impressed ;

areolet large ; body black DYSPETES, Forst., p. 323.

16 (13) Abdomen subfusiform; spiracles of

1st segment before its centre.

17 (18) Areolet entire ; wings distinctly in- [p. 327.

fumate '. . . . LABROSSYTA, Forst.,

18 (17) Areolet wanting; wings hyaline

throughout.

19 (20) Notauli distinct and deep; metanotal [p. 328.

areas sometimes obsolete MESOLEIUS, Holmg.,

20 (19) Notauli entirely wanting; metanotal [p. 330.

areae entire EXACHODUS, Forst.,

21 (2) Tarsal claws distinctly and often

elongately pectinate (CTENOPEL-

MINl).

22 (27) Abdomen with basal segment sessile

or subsessile.

23 (26) Clypeus not transversely discrete

from the face.

24 (25) Mandibular teeth subequal; basal [p. 331.

metanotal areae entire MONOBLASTUS, Htg.,

25 (24) Mandibular teeth unequal ; nieta-

notuui with no areas ICYONA, Cam., p. 333.

26 (23) Clypeus separated from face by trans-

verse impression CTENACME, Forst., p. 335.

27 (22) Abdomen with basal segment very

distinctly petiolate.

28 (29) Head transverse; clypeus apically

simple and subinipressed RHORUS, Forst., p. 336.

29 (28) Head very broad ; clypeus dentately [p. 338.

produced centrally SCOLOBATES, Grav.,

30 (1) Head strongly constricted to mouth; [p. 341.

wings very narrow MEGASTYLUS, Schib'd.,

Genus CRYPTODEMA, gen. nov.
GENOTYPE, C. anormis, Mori.

Head strongly transverse ; mandibles equally bidentate ; occiput
entire and bordered below ; clypeus centrally produced at apex ;
eyes internally straight and a little convergent below ; froas pro-
duced between scrobes. Metathorax short, with the areola and
petiolar area confluent. Scutellum margined throughout and not
convex. Abdomen distinctly petiolate, with but three dorsally
visible segments, the remainder entirely concealed ; basal seg-
ment bicarinate, with the spiracles behind its centre; tliyridia
wanting. Posterior tibia? elongately bicalcarate ; femora edentate ;

ORYPTODEMA. 313

claws not pectinate. Areolet wanting ; nervellus subantefurcal
and intercepted below its centre.

Ran<je. Bengal.

This remarkable genus appears to approach nearest to SpJieco-
phaga, Westw. (Cacotropa, Forst.) in the conformation of its legs,
wings, mesonotura and petiolar spiracles, though differing in the
produced clypeus, convex and carapace-like abdominal segments,
bordered scutelltim, and in the metanotal are®. It has somewhat
the facies of SpJiinctus in its short rnetanotum, somewhat slender
legs and produced clypeus ; but the claws are simple and the very

Sieculiar conformation of the abdomen seems to relate it in some
egree to the Braconid CRYPTOGASTRES. Possibly it lias Cryptic!
associations in the elongate petiole with spiracles behind the
centre, but the former is not geniculate, while the metanotum is
distinctly sculptured and the areolet obviously wanting. If related
to Sphecop7iaya, its economy should be interesting, since that genus
is known to prey upon Vespa in the midst of their nests (cf, my
notes on the genus in Ent. Month. Mag. 1900, p. 117). There is
no affinity whatever between this genus and Hemigaster fasciatus,
as figured by Brulle (Nat. Hist. Ins. Hym. pi. xli, fig. 1, $ ),
which lias the terebra exserted to nearly half the length of the
abdomen and the apical segments evident ; though this differs
somewhat widely from his description (op. cit. iv, p. 266) " il a la
portion posterieure de 1'abdomen repliee et cachee sous les trois
premiers segments .... La tarriere est tres-courte dans VH. fas-
ciatus."

"224:. Cryptodema anormis, sp. n.

3 . A dull black species, with testaceous markings and white
pilosity. Head very broad and strongly transverse, coarsely and
coufluently punctate throughout ; vertex very narrow, frons
longitudinally carinate centrally and testaceous laterally ; face
longitudinally convex in the centre, testaceous and not discrete
from the coucolorous cheeks and clypeus, which latter is apically
black and subspinously produced ; mandibles stout and piceous,
with their apices darker. Antennce obsoletely pilose, nearly as
long as the body, filiform, with the flagellum of about thirty
elongate and cylindrical joints, those of the apical third sub-
attenuate and more discrete ; black, with the central nine joints
and more or less of the scape dull testaceous. Thorax very stout,
gibbous, not broader than the head, hardly longer than high,
discally scabriculous and laterally finely punctate; mesonotum
anteriorly vertical, with coarse recumbent hairs and distinct
though short notauli ; metanotum with the areola and postero-
intermedial area3 testaceous, remainder black ; areola confluent
with both basal and petiolar area3, emitting strong costulse and
long acuminate apophyses ; spiracles obliquely linear and not
large. Scutellum coarsely punctate and dull, feebly convex, black,
with its lateral and apical margins carinate and, like the hardly

314 ICHNECMONIDJE.

discrete postscutellurn, flavous. Abdomen very strongly convex
and quite ovate, dull, closely and evenly punctate throughout,

black, with all the sides,
base of the first and apices
of the first three segments,
testaceous ; remaining seg-
ments entirely concealed
beneath the laterally emar-
ginate carapace of the third ;
basal segment laterally paral-
lel-sided to centre and thence
strongly dilated through the
circular spiracles to the very

T I a broad apex, discally bicari-

1, ,• nate throughout and late-

rally margined to the spi-
\ racles ; venter entirely con-

cave, testaceous and centrally
Fig. 84. — Ci-yptodema anormis, Mori. plicate ; ventral valvulae large,

piceous and emarginate sub-

apically beneath, cerci distinct. Legs normal and somewhat slender,
testaceous, with the base of the intermediate and whole of the
liind coxse, hind femora, apical half of their tibiae, base of their
tarsi, their calcaria and all the claws, black. Winys siliceous and
ample ; tegula? flavous, radix testaceous, stigma blackish ; basal
nervure subcontinuous ; second recurrent broadly fenestrate, and
intercepting beyond the strongly curved inner nervure of the
wanting areolet, beyond which the radius is abruptly sinuate.
Length 10 millim.

BENGAL : Buxar Duars, v. 07 (D. Noivrnjee).
Type in the Pusa collection.

1 have seen only a single example of this very remarkable
species.

Genus PERILISSUS, Holmrj.

Penlissus, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1854, p. 61 ; id. op. cii. ISoo,
p. 121.

GENOTYPE, P.flicornis, Grav.

Head strongly baccate or subbuccate, with the temples broad
and vertex subemarginate ; clypeus usually more or less distinctly
discrete basally ; mandibular teeth of unequal length. Antennae
setaceous and often longer than the body, with the scape obovate
and the basal flagellar joint always longer than the second. Upper
metanotal arese nearly always complete. Abdomen usually dis-
tinctly petiolate, oblong-ovate or subfusiforin, laterally a little
compressed in £ towards the apex ; first segment either gradually
narrowed basally or slightly constricted before the spiracles, with
the discal carinae and sulcus obsolete or wanting and the spiracles
a little before its centre ; terebra straight. Legs slender, with
tarsal claws simple ; hind calcaria of equal length and shorter than

PEKTLISSUS.

315

their second tarsal joint. "Wings somewhat ample ; stigma of
normal size ; areolet sometimes entire, at others wanting.

Range. Palaearctic and Nearctie Eegions.

At least one of the Indian species belongs to Spanotecnus, one
of the subgenera into which Forster (Yerh. pr. Itheinl. 1868,
p. 197) split up this genus ; though it does not altogether coincide
with Thomson's definition of it (Opusc. Ent. ix, p. 911), where he
says that the basal metauotal area is elongate, the mesoplenree
closely punctate, with smooth speculum, the abdomen at least
centrally pale, notauli \\anting, the frenal scrobes strongly dis-
crete, epomiae distinct though short, and the eyes small.

The members of Perillssus are known to prey upon sawflies.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Metathoracic areola entire ; scutellum black .... filicornis, Grav.
•2 (1) Metathoracic areola wanting ; scutellum flavous tricolor, sp. n.

225. Perilissus filicornis, Grav.

IchneumonJUicornis, Gravenhorst, Mem, Ac. Sc. Torino, 1820, p. 368.
Mesolepttis filicornis, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. ii, p. 94, excl. A'ars. -r

Stephens, Illus. Mand. vii, 1835, p. 227 (rf $ ).
Perilissus jilicorms, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1855, p. 121 ;

Brischke, Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1879, p. 71 ; Vollenhoven, Pinac.

vii, pi. xxxiii, fig. 1 ( rf $ ).
Spanotecnus JHicornis,Thoms(m, Opusc. Ent. ix, 1883, p. 911 (J $ ).

[A somewhat shining testaceous species, with the head -and
thorax black. Head closely and finely punctulate, posteriorly not
at all constricted, almost broader than the eyes ; frons deplanate
and dull, usually with a shining line above the scrobes ; face a little
convex, very closely punctnlate, black or more usually testaceous ;

clypeus not discrete, testaceous,
sparsely punctate and apically
rounded, with a fovea on either
side ; palpi and cheeks testa-
ceous, the former with the
three apical joints subequal in
length ; eyes somewhat small,
oblong-ovate. Antennce as long-
as the body, very slender and
testaceous throughout. Meso-
notum dull, with more or less
distinct notauli ; metathora,\
more shining, distinctly
smoother and areated, with the
basal lateral area3 subquadrate,
basal area triangular, areola
elongate, and the remainder
smoother ; spiracles linear,
Abdomen testaceous, with the

\

Fig. 85. — Pcrilissns filicornis, Grav.

Scutellum a little convex, black.

basal segment and sometimes the anus slightly infuscate, former

316 1CHXEUMOMD.E.

narrow, subconvex, slightly curved, with an obsolete discul sulcus ;
terebra not exserted. Leys slender, red, with the hind femora
occasionally infuscate. Wings with the areolet triangular, entire
and sessile, with the outer nervure weak, emitting the recurrent
nervure beyond its centre ; stigma and tegulae flavescent-red :
nervellus strongly postfurcal and intercepted a little above centre.

Length 10 millim.

Type in the Breslau Museum.]

Var. orientalis, nov.

Differs from the foregoing description in having the head much
iiiirrower and more constricted posteriorly, distinctly narrower
than the eyes ; in the somewhat stouter antennae, more finely
punctate mesonotum, lack of metanotal areae, and in the petio-
iated areolet.

"!NDIA" (Capt. Boys).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

The three specimens upon which the new variety is founded
are so closely related to the Palaearctic type that I prefer to regard
them as a local race, rather than a new species.

The typical form is abundant throughout nearly the whole of
Europe, occurring in damp situations in the spring, and has been
bred by Brischke in Prussia from two species of Nematug; in
Britain it is of wide distribution and very common.

226. Perilissus tricolor, sp. n.

cJ. A dull black species, with somewhat profuse red, and
obsolete flavous, coloration. Head as broad as thorax, buccate
behind the internally entire eyes, and black, with a large flavous
spot at the base of the pilose face, another small one at the base
of the hardly discrete clvpeus, and the diseally aciculate mandibles
centrally rufescent ; vertex very strongly emarginate, frons
densely and evenly punctate ; cheeks not short, nor eyes large.
Antennae slender, filiform and black, with apex of scape rufescent
and apices of the flagellar joints subnodulose or setiferous. Thorax
a little convex, black, with the prothorax and preradical lines
obsoletely flavescent ; metathorax dull and closely coriaceous, red,
with only the base of the metanotum to the very strong costula?
black ; notauli wanting ; basal area quadrate and indistinct,
petiolar area basally complete, very short, entire and strongly
transverse; remaining arese wanting; spiracles obliquely linear.
Scutellum not margined, small, feebly convex, distinctly punctate
and flavous ; postscutellurn concolorous. Abdomen fusiform, with
basal segment narrow, parallel-sided, and the second strongly
dilated throughout ; black, with the third and fourth segments
entirely, the second and fifth apically, red, the first obsoletely
flavous at apex and a large anal spot flavous ; ventral valvula*
large. Legs slender, elongate and red, with the anterior coxae and
trochanters flavous and black ; tarsi, posterior tibiae and trot-banters,

PEIULISSUS. — XILGIDA. 317

the hind coxae internally, and apices of their femora, black.
IVings slightly clouded ; areolet wanting, but with its outer and
lower nervures traceable, though entirely fenestrate, and the inner
continuous with the straight second recurrent ; radius sinuate
before apex ; nervellus extremely strongly postfurcal and inter-
cepted a little above its centre.

Length 9 millim.

BENGAL : PUSH, iii. 07.

Type in the Pusa collection.

The lack of an areolet places this species in the subgeuus
Spanotecnus.

Genus TILGIDA, Cam.
Tilf/ida, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1900, p. 108.
GEXOTYPE, T. albitarsis, Cam.

Eyes very large, with the inner orbits slightly but distinctly
convergent below, vertical orbits striate ; clypeus small, apically
transverse and shorter than the labrum ; mandibles curved, basally
subtriangular, apically constricted and there obtusely bidentate ;
palpi somewhat elongate. Antennae elongate, slender, and with
a pale band. Thorax with pale markings ; mesonotum with its
discal depression extending beyond the centre to the strongly
elevated apical lobe ; inetathorax elongate, evenly convex through-
out, with no carinae ; spiracles oval and situated in a concavity
halfway between the centre and apex. Scutellum large, roundly
and but slightly convex. Abdomen elongate and slender ; petiole
long and neither stout nor apically curved ; the first longer than
the second segment, with spiracles small, circular and slightly
beyond the centre; gastrocceli small and indistinct though dis-
tinctly and deeply impressed. Legs elongate and slender, with
the hind coxae large; tarsi spinose, with their claws curved,
elongate and basally subincrassate ; front tarsi basally sinuate,
with their calcaria curved and pilose. Wings with no areolet ;
the single submarginal nervure incrassate and very short, one-
fourth of the length between it and the emission of the second
recurrent nervure ; lower basal emitted from the median a little
beyond the upper basal nervure.

Itanye. Assam.

This genus is at present known in the male sex alone.

Its author says (loc. cit.) "In the form of the abdomen it does
not differ much from Mesoleptus,* but in other respects it differs
completely from that and from any known genus of the TIIY-
PHOXIDES. It is undoubtedly nearly related to Baliena, as is

* This must be accepted with reserve, since Cameron was at that tii
describing species of Lissonota (PiMi'LiN.E) as Mesokptus '. — C. M.

318

ICHXECMONID.E.

shown by their agreement in the form of the head, thorax, and
legs, but differs in the fore wings wanting the areolet," whirh
feature must preclude it from the BANCHIDES. Dalla Torre was
so much at a loss concerning its affinities that he places it among
his very few " genera Ichneumonidarum sedis incertse," though
the lack of areolet, slender basal segment and subcentral petiolar
spiracles appear to leave but little doubt respecting its right to
inclusion in the TRYPUONIX.E, wherein the normal face and
scutellum, bidentate mandibles, and lack of areolet preclude its
position in any group but the TKYPHONIDES. The pale-banded
antennae remind one of Euryproctus, and it is its lack of distinctive
features, not of abnormality, which renders it difficult to placn.
I do not for a moment anticipate stability for it, and an examina-
tion of the type inclines me to consider it allied to Eugalta, though
our ignorance of the female renders such a position at present
undesirable.

227. Tilgida albitarsis, Cam.

Tilgida albitarsis, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1900, p. 109 (<5).

<5 . A black and slender species, with the antenna? and abdomen
broadly pale-banded. Head black, with the face smooth, flaves-
cent and with sparse white hairs ; clypeus apically piceous and
impressed, with somewhat long hairs ; mandibles immaculate,

palpi flavous. Antennw black
and basally flavescent beneath,
with the scape and thirteenth
to twenty-fifth flagellar joints
entirely white. Thorax: pro-
notum basally flavous, pro-
pleura? glabrous and broadly
flavescent both above and be-
neath ; mesonotum closely and
strongly punctate, with the
depressed apex obscurely stri-
gose ; mesopleurae obscurely
punctate and, in part, finely
striate ; mesosternum punc-
tate ; metathorax closelv,
somewhat strongly and trans-
versely striate, and broadly
sulcate longitudinally at its
apex, which is flavescent and
finely trans-striate ; meta-
pleurae closely and obliquely
strigose, with their base

Fig. ffi.— Tilyida, albitarsis, Cam.

punctate. Scutellum flavous, with white pilosity, its punctures
large and superficial ; postscutellum smooth and flavous. Abdo-
men black, with ah1 the segments apically broadly flavous ; petiole

TI LG ID A . IIYPOCRYPTUS. 319

centrally deplanate and rugose, except at base ; gastrocoeli
isti'amineous ; four apical segments with dense white hair. Legs
flavous, with the anterior tarsi blackish ; hind legs fulvous, with
the coxae apically above, the trochanterellus above, apex of femora,
nearly the apical half of tibia? and the two apical tarsal joints,
black. Wings hyaline.

Length 12 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

Genus HYPOCRYPTUS, Font.
Hypocryplus, Forster, Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 198.
GENOTYPE, Mesoleptus testaceicornis, Brischke.

Head transverse and posteriorly narrower than the eyes ;
clypeus impressed at apex and feebly rounded, basally not dis-
crete; face not apically constricted; eyes convex and prominent;
cheeks distinct and punctate. Antennae slender and longer than
the body ; flagellum not incrassate. Mesonotum alutaceous and
h'nely punctate; inetuthorax with complete areae and circular
spiracles. Scutellum alutaceous and finely punctate. Abdomen
distinctly petiolate with the central segments not twice as broad
as long, though transverse ; postpetiole laterally carinate ; terebra
reaching apex of abdomen. Legs slender ; hind femora not in-
crassate; apical hind tarsal joint distinctly shorter than the third;
claws simple. Areolet entire and triangular. Body slender.

Range. Germany, Bengal.

The triangular areolet and very short terebra place the follow-
ing species in the TRYPIIONINJE, though the general facies proclaim
it to bear strong affinity with the Cryptid genus Hemiteles, and
the structure of the legs is almost identical with that of H. cingu-
lator, Grav. I have adopted the above genus for its reception
with some hesitation, since Forster indicates no type, and it has
hitherto only been used by Brischke (Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1892,
p. 337) for the c? of his Mesoleptus testaceicornis, from Germany,
which I do not know.

223. Hypocryptus cingulator, sp. n.

5 . A small black Hemiteloid species, with the legs and centre
of abdomen red. Head black and as broad as thorax, posteriorly
broadly rounded and hardly narrowed behind the small and in-
ternally entire eyes ; occiput bordered below ; vertex pilose, finely
punctate and not emargiuate ; frons and face subconvex, and
evenly punctulate throughout; clypeus more sparsely punc-
tate, obsoletely discrete and transversely impressed before
its subtruncate apex ; mandibles strong and rufescent, deeply
punctate, with the lower tooth a little the longer. Antenna;

320 ICHNEUMONID.E.

distinctly longer than the body, very slender and filiform,
with the joints cylindrical, hlack, with scape entirely ferru-

ginous. Thorax dull and
very finely punctate, with
the notauli obsolete ; meta-
notum pilose, with com-
plete areae ; basal area small,
areola large and laterally
rounded, with its apex trun-
cate and central costulae
strong, petiolar area short
and transverse ; spiracles
small and circular, apophy-
ses wanting. Scutellum
normal and black. Abdomen
petiolate, fusiform, broadest
in centre, obsoletely punc-

tulate, black, with the apical
F,g. 87.-HyPocryptus cingnlator, Mori. ' P

apices of the second and

fourth segments dull red ; central segments transverse ; first seg-
ment dilated to the distinct and central spiracles, thence parallel-
sided and about as long as the breadth of the truncate apex, disc
centrally subsulcate, with no carina>, sides strongly margined from
the spiracles ; anus somewhat strongly compressed and hardly
reaching the apex of the slender terebra. Legs elongate, very
slender, red, with hind tarsi and apices of their tibiae infuscate ;
hind calcaria white. Wings very ample, hyaline ; stigma piceous
and somewhat broad ; tegulaa and radix rufescent ; areolet trian-
gular and subsessile, emitting the recurrent nervure from its
centre ; nervellus postfurcal and intercepted at its centre.

Length 6 millini.

BEXGAL : Pusa, iii. 06.

Type in the Pusa collection.

The type was captured on cauliflower leaves.

Genus EURYPROCTUS, Holmg.

Eurym-octtts, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Ilandl. 1855, p. 109.
Fovaya, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1903, p. 341.

GEXOTYPE, Ichneumon nemoralis, Fourc.

Head transverse and not unusually buccate posteriorly, with
the vertex einarginate ; clypeus distinctly discrete basallv, and
not trans-impressed apically ; mandibles subequal in length ; eyes
entire : face not strongly constricted apically, nor cheeks entirely
glabrous. Antennas white-banded, slender, filiform and nearly as
long as the body ; fiagellum not incrassate. Thorax somewhat
atout ; mesonotuin not distinctly punctate ; metanotal areae very

EURYPKOCTUS. 321

distinct ; spiracles circular, not distinctly ovate. Basal segment
slightly curved, with no discal sulcus, spiracles subcentral, petiole
slender, post-petiole apically dilated, with no lateral carinae ; cen-
tral abdominal segments not twice as broad as long ; terebra
straight and slightly exserted. Tarsi white-banded ; hind femora
not incrassate, the intermediate apically attenuate, with their
tibiae subsinuate. Basal nervure continuous through the median ;
areolet distinctly present.

Range. Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions.

JSTo doubt can remain that Cameron's two species of his genus
Fovaya are representatives of Euryproctus, since I have had an
opportunity of examining the types of both in Col. Nurse's
collection, and it is very obvious that their author was misled,
in following Ashmead's tables, by the subbuccate head of these
species, which, though transverse, is but very slightly constricted
posteriorly.

The species of this genus are known to prey upon the larvae of
such TENTHREDINIUJE as Tenthredo, Eriocampa, &c.

Table of Species.^

1 (2) Face and thorax with pale markings ; anterior

femora testaceous annulicornis, Cain.

2 (1) Face and thorax immaculate black ; anterior

femora mainly black spinipes, Cam.

229. Euryproctus annulicornis, Cam.

(?) Euryproctus albipes, Holmgren, Sv. ALHandl. 1855, p. 110 (r? );

Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xiii, 1889, p. 1435; op. cit xix, 1894.

p. 1985 (rf$).
(?) Euryproctus tuberculatus, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 185o,

P. in (2).

Fovaya annulicornis, Cameron,* Zeits. Hvm.-Dip. 1903, p. 342
($,M(J).

5 . A black rlavous-iriarked species, with the abdomen centrallv
red, and the antennas and hind tarsi pale-banded. Head black,
with the sparsely and distinctly punctate clypeus, two indefinite
marks before it on the alutaceous face, facial orbits, the striate
mandibles (except apically), and the palpi, flavous ; frons and
vertex alutaceous. Antennas slender and almost longer than the
body, with the fourteenth to twenty-fourth joints entirely stra-
mineous ; scape with dense white pubescence beneath. Thorax

t Cameron's table (Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, p. 21) is very faulty. Fovaya
annulicornis has a distinct, juxta-antennal orbital white mark, the apex and not
base of its second abdominal segment is red, the flagelluiu is equally black,
and the spiracular area equally strongly carinate internally in both species ;
and the four front, not hind, femora of F. annulicornis are testaceous.

322

ICHXEL'MONID.E.

roughly alutaceous and dull, with a subharnate flavous mark on
either side before the short but deeply impressed notauli ; rneta-
thorax shagreened and more nitidulous, but slightly convex ;
petiolar area strongly carinate throughout and entire ; areola ill-
•defined, subpyriform, longer than broad and confluent with the
triangular basal area ; lateral carinae somewhat strong, both above
and below the semicircular spiracles. Scutellum alutaceously
punctate and dull, not distinctly
convex ; frenum strigose. Abdo-
men obseletely punctate, shining,
with short piceous hairs and broad-
est behind the centre ; black, with
the third and fourth segments, the
apex of the second broadly, and of

.— — -^ the first very narrowly, red ; basal

</ JR. >< segment nearly thrice as long as

^W^ > apically broad, with the petiole

parallel-sided, the spiracles dis-
tinct and subcentral, and the post-
petiole gradually dilated ; hypo-
pygium covering the base of the
shortly exserted terebra. Legs elon-
gate; anterior pairs testaceous,
with the coxae and trochanters,
except their flavescent apices,

Fig. 88.
Euryproctus annulicornis, Cam.

black ; hind legs black, with the basal two-thirds of the externally
«pinulose tibiae, and basal half of first tarsal joint, ferruginous ;
hind tarsi with joints two to four stramineous. Wings ample
and hyaline ; radix and tegulae stramineous, the narrow stigma
black and the nervures piceous ; areolet not small, irregularly
oblique, subpetiolate and well-defined ; nervellus subopposite and
intercepted slightly below its centre.

Length 10 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, ix. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species very closely resembles E. albipes, Holing., of which
Thomson considers the same author's E. tuberculatus to be the $ ,
but his description differs from that of Holmgren, who terms the
stigma of E. albipes infuscate and of E. tuberculatus stramineous,
Avith the head of the latter more constricted posteriorly, while
Thomson says the stigma and nervures are pale in both sexes.
Unfortunately I have no personal acquaintance with these insects,
which are mentioned by no other authors and have hitherto been
met with only in Scandinavia, and our references are too scant}'
to allow me to synonymise them with any degree of certainty.

My description has been drawn from the typo specimen.

EUBYPKOCTUS. 323

230. Euryproctus spinipes, Cam.

Fovaya spinipes, Cameron,* Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 21 ( $ ).

2 . A black species, with the abdomen centrally red, and the
antennae and hind tarsi pale-banded.

Length 10 millim.

PUNJAB: Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species so exactly resembles the last in every respect,
except that of colour, that I am in great doubt as to its right to
specific rank ; especially is this the case since the structure in
both is, in spite of their author's assertion to the contrary, entirely
similar. E. spinipes is to be recognised solely by having the head
black, with only a spot at the juxta-antennal orbits flavous and
the labrum ferruginous; the thorax immaculate black; the abdo-
men black, with segments two to four entirely, but the first not
at all, red ; the anterior legs testaceous, with the coxa? and
trochanters entirely, the front femora above towards the base and
the intermediate (except at their extreme apices) black ; the radix
and tegulae stramineous, with the latter basally blackish. Both
species were founded on single specimens.

Genus DYSPETES, Forst.
Dyspetes, Fiirster, Verb. pr. Eheinl. 1868, p. 201.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon prcvroyator, L.

Body black and pubescent. Face subdeplanate, centrally and
apically elevated ; clypeus strongly discrete and apically very
broadly rounded ; mandibular teeth of equal length ; eyes oblong
and cheeks not short ; vertex angularly excised centrally. Meta-
thoracic area? distinct, but not complete; the spiracles circular
and not large. Abdomen with the carinae of the hardly petiolate
basal segment elongate but obsolete, and its subprominent spiracles
slightly before the centre ; second segment with broad and deeply
impressed thyridii, third subimpressed basally on either side ;
hypopygium large and extending almost beyond the pygidium ;
terebra very slightly exserted. Tarsal claws stout and simple.
Areolet entire and tetragonal, transverse, large and subsessile.

Range. Palaearctic Region.

Thomson first employed Dyspetes (as Dyspetus) in 1883 (Opusc.
Ent. ix, pp. 895 et 899) for the reception of the present species,
but he placed it in the TRYPHONINI, from the remainder of which
he distinguished it by its complete areolet, stout and simple claws,
and centrally angulated vertex. Ashmead is certainly in error in
placing Dyspetes, as he does (Proc. U.S. JS"at. Mus. 1900, p. 56),
in the PIMPLIN.E and allying it with Glypta on account of the
impressions of its second and third abdominal segments, which

T2

324 ICHNEUMONIDJE.

represent little more than thyridii. With the exception of its
Mesochoroid areolet, which is quite distinct in this subfaimlv, it.<
whole facies is Tryphonid.

231. Dyspetes praerogator, L.

Ichneumon prarogator, Linnaeus Syst. Nat. 1758, p. 565; id.,
Faun. Suic. 1761, p. 405; Fabricms, Piez. 1804 p 99 ; Junne,
Hvm 1807, p. 107; Gravenhorst, Nov. Ac. Acad. 1818, p. 2»o ;
Olivier, Encycl. Meth. viii, 1792, p. 191 ; Thunberg, Mem. Ac.

vohon vrceroqaior, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. i, 1829, p. 687 ; ii,
p 127 ; Stephens, Illus. Mandib. vii, 1835, p. 232 ( d 2 )•

Mesoleius prcerogator, Vollenhoven, Tijds. Ent. 1877, p. £*.

Dyspettis praroyator, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. ix, 1883, p. 899 (J $ ).

A black species, with white pubescence and the mouth and legs,
except usually the hind ones, red.
Head transverse, but not abruptly
constricted posteriorly, occiput
acutely emarginate centrally ;
frous and face distinctly punc-
tate ; clypeus subglabrous and,
except basally, testaceous ; man-
dibles and palpi concolorous.
Antennas as long as the body and
filiform, black, becoming rufes-
cent apically. Thorax black, dull
and immaculate, with obsolete
notauli; metathorax closely punc-
tate, with the areola elongate, not
discrete from the basal area and
Fig. 89. emitting no costulse ; lateral

Dyspetes prarogator, L. carinae entire, and the small peti-

olar area discrete. Scutelhim

black and not margined. Abdomen shagreened and hardly shining,
fusiform and apically obtuse ; second and third segments sub-
impressed transversely before their apices, and obliquely in their
basal angles; basal segment scabriculous and more than double
the length of the stout terebra. Legs red, with the coxa? darker ;
hind legs usually entirely black. Wings hyaline or flavescent,
with the stigma ferruginous ; areolet transverse and large, hardly
sessile ; basal nervure continuous, and the nervellus intercepted
slightly below its centre.
Length 7-11 mi Him.

SIKKIM : Darjiling, 6000 ft., ix-x. (E. Brunctti — Ind. Mus.).
EUROPE.

This is a very abundant autumn species in Europe, frequently
found on umbelliferous flowers ; it extends throughout nearly the
whole continent, but nothing appears to be yet known respecting
its economy.

325

Genus TKYPHON, Fin.

Tryphan, Fallen, Specim. Hym. 1813, p. 16 ; Holmgren, Sv Ak.
Handl. 1855, p. 185.

GENOTYPE, T. signator, Grav.

Head transverse, not or hardly dilated behind the eyes ; frons
sometimes centrally tuberculate ; clypeus broadly rounded and
not dentate at apex, very often transversely elevated beyond its
centre ; labrum hardly exserted ; mandibular teeth of equal length.
Antennae filiform. Thorax stout, with the upper metanotal areae
often distinct. Abdomen subsessile ; basal segment a little con-
stricted basally throughout, generally with very distinct carinae
and a central longitudinal sulcus; its spiracles subcentral ; second
segment with distinct basal thyridii ; terebra straight and short.
Legs normal, with the femora somewhat short and stout ; tarsal
claws not pectinate ; hind tibiae bicalcarate. Areolet nearly
always present, irregular and usually petiolate.

Ranye. Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions, Celebes.

Under this genus Gravenhorst placed an amazing medley of
species in 1829 ; and only a part of them were elucidated by
Holmgren in his restriction of it in 1855. It has consequently
been impossible to tell how many of those still included under
this head have a right to a position there, first because probably
all the male PEMPLHTJI have not yet been relegated to their true
position, and secondly because Forster, in 1868, split it up to a
bewildering extent upon very trivial characters. Only one species,
Tryphon lutorius, Smith (Proc. Linn. Soc. 1860, Suppl. p. 60),
from Celebes, has hitherto been described from Asia. That herein
placed by me appears to belong to the subgenus Civlocomis, Fdrst.
(Verb., pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 203), since the interantennal tubercle
is longitudinally sulcate above ; but this should, I think, be
treated as a nomen nudum : no generic type is indicated, and no
species has hitherto been discovered which falls therein.

In Europe this genus is an extremely abundant one, its species
being met with about midsummer upon every umbelliferous
flower, but from India I have seen only a single specimen. It is
said to prey parasitically upon TENTHREDINIDJS.

232. Tryphon antennatus, sp. n.

d . A large, dull black species, with the tibiae and centre of
abdomen red. Head strongly transverse and narrow posteriorly ;
eyes prominent ; vertex narrow and the frontal horn small, with
its lateral carinae extending to the apical ocellus ; face and the
continuous clypeus deeply and coarsely punctate, with sparse
piceous pilosity ; mandibles strong, dull red, with their base alone
punctate and apex equally bidentate ; palpi pale. Antenna
slightly longer than the body, not slender, filiform, with the

326 ICHXETIMOKIDJE.

apices attenuate ; black, with the flagellum basally rufescent, and
scape flavous, beneath. Tliorax with long pubescence ; mesonotum
finely and sparsely punctate, notauli inconspicuous ; metathorax
gradually declivous, finely punctate and discally nitidulous ; lateral
carinae alone traceable ; a strong carina on either side of the
basally wanting petiolar area ; basal area indicated and subcircular ;
spiracles elongate, vertical and not small. Scutellum subglabrous,
immaculate and not convex. Abdomen elongate fusiform, broadest
behind its centre and with long white hairs ; first segment very
gradually dilated throughout", its basal half with two parallel
carinae and discally sulcate to the central spiracles, thence pilose

Fig. 90. — Tryphon antennatus, Mori.

and obsoletelv punctate ; second segment slightly longer than
apically broad, with its apex, whole of third segment, and basal
angles of the fourth, dull red ; ventral valvulae exserted and not
large. Leys black, with the femora subincrassate ; anterior tibiae,
tarsi and inner side of front femora, testaceous ; hind tibiae, except
at base and apex, testaceous ; hind tarsi with the basal about as
long as the apical joint, and double the length of the second.
Wings ample and hyaline ; tegulae and stigma infuscate ; areolet
entirely wanting, with the radial nervure curved above it; nerTelltis
postfurcal and intercepted at its centre.

Length 12 miliim.

UKITED PROVINCES : Mussoori, 7000 ft., x. 06 (H. M. Lefroy).

Type in the Pusa collection.

The very distinctly sinuate radial nervure is remarkable, and
exactly resembles that of Catoglyptus fortipes, Grav., to which it
is also allied in its unusually stout femora ; but the equally biden-
tate mandibles, subsessile abdomen and the structure of the
nervellus preclude its inclusion in that genus. It is also very
distinct from most species of Tryphon in the complete absence of
an areolet and metanotal areae.

Described from a single male.

LABROSSYTA.

Genus LABKOSSYTA, Forst.

Lnbrossyta, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 202.
Labrossytus, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xix, 1894, p. 2001.
Lapaphras, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1902, p. 428..

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon scotoptents, Grav.

Head with the eyes not internally emarginate ; clypeus apically
rounded and strongly punctate ; mandibles not stout, with the
lower tooth hardly the longer. Thorax with no notauii, epomife
or areae, and the epicnemia abbreviated above ; metapleural carinse
distinct. First abdominal segment short and not dilated basally,
with the spiracles before centre, somewhat prominent and emit-
ting no carinae to apex of segment ; postpetiole with no lateral
margin ; second segment with no basal lateral cariuse or thyridiL
Legs not slender, with tibial calcaria short ; tarsal claws very
small, simple and hardly curved. Areolet distinct, irregularly
oblique, petiolate, neither large nor rhomboidal ; nervellus of hind
wings intercepted below its centre.

Range. United States, IS orth-West Europe, Himalayas.

This genus differs from Syndipnus, of which it was considered
to form a section by Thomson (loc. cit.\ in the possession of a
distinct areolet, etc. So little has been known of the single
Palaearctic representative of this genus, Ichneumon scotopterusr
Grav. (Mem. Ac. Sc. Torino, 1820, p. 377), that Marshall left it
in 1872, as placed by Stephens in 1835, in the genus Tryplion,.
and in 1880 Bridgman redescribed it (Entom. xiii, p. 54) under
the name Perilissus fumatus. Two American species are also-
known. The testaceous body and dark wings of the Oriental
species render it a very conspicuous insect.

233. Labrossyta nigriceps, Cam.

Lapaphras nigriceps, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc,
1902, p. 428 ($).

§ . A testaceous species, with the head and apices of legs black
and the wings distinctly infumate. Head transverse, with the
temples subbuccate behind the prominent eyes ; face nitidulous.
deplanate and longitudinally impressed on either side, distinctly
discrete from the apically strongly punctate and prominent
clypeus ; mandibles weak, with the apical teeth subequal ; palpi
infuscate ; labrum exserted and ferruginous ; vertex narrow,
Antennce a little shorter than the body, black and filiform
throughout. Thorax immaculate testaceous, with the notauii
wanting; metathorax shining, convex, pilose and punctate, longi-
tudinally unicarinate, with the petiolar area distinctly carinate,
lateral carinae curved and not weak, spiracles minute and circular.
IScutellum testaceous, convex, pilose and obsoletely punctate.

328 1CIINEUMONID-E.

Abdomen testaceous, subfusiform and a little longer than the head
and thorax, pilose and nitidulous; basal segment slightly darker
discally, bicarinate and subcon-
stricted basally ; terebra not ex-
serted, basally concealed by the
hypopygium. Leys not elongate
or incrassate, testaceous, with
the claws and the apices of all
the posterior tibiae and tarsal
joints black ; hind tibiae sub-
sinuate, with their calcaria pale.
Wings ample and somewhat in-
fumate throughout ; radix and
tegulae testaceous, preceded by
Fig. 91 . a black dot ; costa, stigma and

Labrossyta mgriceps, Cam. costal Da8e of hind wings black-

ish ; basal nervure curved above

and continuous through the median ; nervelet wanting ; areolet
distinct and irregularly oblique, petiolate and emitting the broadly
fenestrate second recurrent almost from its apex ; nervellus of
hind wings intercepted almost at its lower angle.
Length 7 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, viii.98 (Col. Nurse).
Type in Col. Nurse's collection.
Described from the type specimen.

Genus MESOLEIUS, Holmg.

Mesolcius, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1854, p. 62, et op. cit. 1855,
p. 130.

GEXOTYPE, Tryplion aulicus, Grav.

Head transverse and not buccate, nor posteriorly dilated, with
the vertex emargiuate ; clypeus not elevated, usually distinctly
discrete, apically truncate or emarginate, rarely rounded ; man-
dibles with two subequal apical teeth ; labrum hardly exserted.
Antennae setaceous and often longer than the body, with the
scape ovate ; basal flagellar joint usually half as long again as the
second. Thorax with the notauli usually very distinct ; metanotal
areola sometimes obsolete or wanting, though generally entire ;
petiolar area nearly always distinct and entire. Scutellum sub-
convex. Abdomen sessile or subsessile, oblong ovate or elongate
fusiform, and in $ often apically subcompressed ; first segment
gradually constricted basally, with discal sulcus not very distinct,
and but shortly bicarinate a little beyond theantecentral spiracles ;
terebra straight. Legs slender, with the hind femora elongate
and the tarsal claws not pectinate. Wings subainple, with the
areolet, in the restricted genus, entirelv wanting.

Range. Palaearctic and Nearctic Kegions.

MESOLEIUS. 329

This genus contains a very great number of species, as brought
together by Holmgren in 1855 and 1876 ; but Forster has sub-
divided it into a great many subgenera, at least some of which are
of none too stable formation. Excluding all the species placed
apart in these latter divisions, we still know some 225 species of
Mesoleius, which is exclusively parasitic upon the larvae of TEN-
TiiREDiNiBjE ; and this circumstance accounts for the paucity of
representatives of tho genus in India, though doubtless at least a
few more will occur when the hill-stations are more fully worked.

234. Mesoleius wahlbergi, Holmg.

Mesoleius icahlbergii, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1876, p. 13 (d)-

J . A black species, with the head and hind tibiae partly
stramineous and most of the legs red. Head not narrowed behind
the eyes ; vertex deeply emarginate ; mouth, clypeus, the sub-
buccate cheeks and the broad face, flavidous. Antenna? ferru-
ginous red beneath. Thorax stout,
anteriorly subelevated ; mesonotum
shining, with the deeply impressed
notauli extending to its disc and a
flavidous callosity before the radices ;
mesopleurae closely punctate below,
strongly nitidulous and sparsely
punctate above ; metathorax short,
finely alutaceo-rugose and not verv

• 1 / ft \ shining, with the apically dilated

| / \M \ areola and the semicircular petiolar

area strongly circumcarinate. Scu-
tellum black. Abdomen entirely
Fig. 92. black, with the basal segment a

Mesoleius wahlbergi, Holmg. little longer than the hind coxae,
gradually dilated apically, laterally

acutely margined throughout, with the discal sulcus and carinae
weak; second segment subcoriaceous ; venter black. Leys red,
with the anterior coxa? and trochanters flavous : hind ones stout
and not short, with the coxae and the stout tarsi black, their
trochanters flavescent and tibiae blackish, basally pale. Wings
hyaline, with the stigma infuscate testaceous, radix and tegulae
pale stramineous ; areolet wanting ; nervellus subopposite and
intercepted nearly in its centre.
Length 7 millim.

KASHHIB, 6000 ft., v. 01 (Col. Nurse). LAPLA.KD.
Type in the Stockholm Museum.

This species does not appear to have been referred to since
originally recorded as rare in central Lapland, where it was dis-
covered by Prof. P. F. Wahlberg. I think that no doubt can
remain that the Kashmir specimen, captured by Col. Nurse, is
conspecific. The sole differences are that the antennae, which are

330 ICHlfEUMONIDJE.

filiform and somewhat stout, extending to the anus, are entirely
black with only the apex of the scape pale testaceous boneath ;
the second segment is, like the remainder of the finely pubescent
abdomen, finely and closely punctate ; and the apices only of the
hind trochanters, the basal two-thirds of their tibiae, with the
extreme base of the metatarsi, are stramineous.

Genus EXACRODUS, Font.
Exacrodm, Forster, Verb. pr. Kheinl. 1868, p. 210.

GENOTYPE, not indicated.

Head transverse, subbuccate and posteriorly not broader than
the internally entire eyes ; labrum hardly exserted ; upper rnandi-
bular tooth entire and shorter than the lower ; clypeus neither
discrete nor elevated, its apex simple ; face deplauate. Meta-
notal areae complete and strong ; notauli wanting. Scutellum
apically simple. Abdomen subpetiolate and not compressed ;
spiracles very slightly before centre of the basally narrowed and
normal first segment. Legs slender, hind femora not elongate
nor the intermediate dentate ; tarsal claws not pectinate ; hind
tibiae bicalcarate. Areolet wanting, stigma of normal size.

The following species agrees very well with Forster's description
of this genus, and, though no species have hitherto been assigned
to it, it is better, I think, to adopt a known name than to erect a
new genus.

235. Exacrodus populans, sp. n.

<5 . A black and somewhat slender species, with white pilosity.
Head posteriorly subbuccate, but slightly narrower than the
prominent eyes ; frons and vertex convex and closely punctate ;
occiput bordered and centrally subemarginate ; face subdeplanate
and closely punctate, with a small central tubercle below the
antennae ; clypeus not at all discrete or reflexed, deplanate, with
its apex smoother and broadly rounded ; mandibles entirely red,
with the base as broad as the cheeks. Antennae, multi-articulate
and as long as the body, black, with the pedicellus entirely and
the scape beneath dull ferruginous. Thorax immaculate and
somewhat short ; mesonotum subnitidulous and closely punctate ;
metanotum shining and more finely punctate, with strong area? ;
basal area small and transverse ; areola a little longer than broad,
parallel- sided, basally rounded and apically truncate, emitting
strong costulae from its basal third ; petiolararea short and entire,
subrectangular and a little broader than long ; spiracles minute.
Scutellum black, subconvex, not bordered, but broadly excavate
basally. Abdomen shining and pilose, subfusiform, broader beyond
centre, dull ferruginous, with the two basal segments, and anus

EXA.ORODUS. — MONOBLASTUS. 331

indeterminately, black ; basal segment fully thrice as long as
apically broad, subpetiolate and laterally strongly margined
beyond its subcentral spiracles ; remaining segments subquadrate ;
valvulse exserted and not large. Leys entirely fulvous, with the
hind ones rufescent and their tibiae and tarsi infuscate. Wings
not narrow, radix and tegulae pale testaceous, stigma ferruginous,
areolet wanting, though with a suggestion of a nervure at the

Fig. y^.—Exacroduspopulans, Mori.

external half of its submarginal nervure, which is short; basal
nervure continuous ; nervellus autefurcal and strongly intercepted
at its lower third.

Length 6 millirn.

BENGAL : Pusa, xi. 06.

Type in the Pusa collection.

I have seen only the type of this species, which was bred from
the Selandriid Sawfly, Athalia proxima, Klug.

Genus MONOBLASTUS, Htg.

Monoblastus, Hartig, Wiegm. Archiv. 1837, p. 155.

Cyphanza, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1909, p. 723.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon neustrice, Schr.

Head transverse and generally tumidulous, with the face hardly
prominent ; clypeus not discrete, its lateral fovese distinct, with
no tufts of pilosity ; mandibles with two subequal apical teeth.
Antennae filiform, about the length of the body and not centrally
dilated ; basal flagellar joint longer than the second. Thorax
stout ; metathorax short, with the upper area? distinct. Abdomen
subsessile, oblong-subfusiforrn ; first segment bicarinate and
gradually a little constricted basally ; ovipositor not entirely
concealed, though short and hardly exserted. Legs of normal
length ; hind tibiae bicalcarate ; tarsi not incrassate, with the

332 ICHKEUMONIDJE.

claws distinctly pectinate basally. Wings with the nreolet
present.

llanye, Palaearctic and Nearctic Regions.

The genus under this name, doubtfully synonymised by hiai
with that previously erected by Hartig, was brought forward by
Holmgren (Sv. Ak. Handl. 1855, p. 385) as comprising that
section of Polyblastus. Htg., having the clypeus continuous with
the face and not divided from it by a transverse sulcus, which
feature, he tells us, will distinguish its species from the remainder
of their subfamily. He is, however, in error in supposing the
hosts to be Lepidopterous, since in every case they have hitherto
proved to be the Tenthredinid genera Nematus and Dineura.

A dozen European species, and three or four American, have
been relegated to this genus ; but only two Indian forms are at
present recognised.

The genus Cyphanza is placed among the TRYPHONINI by its
author, who entirely failed to note the pectination of the tarsal
claws in his elaborate diagnosis (loc. cit.\ where he considers it
allied, in Ashmead's tables of 1900, to Gensia, Forst., a quite
untenable position." I have examined the type and am satisfied
of its synonymy with Hartig's genus.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Abdomen, except basally, clear reel ; $ orientalis, Cam.

2 (1) Abdomen discally black throughout ; $ niger, Cam.

236. Monoblastus orientalis, Cam.

Monoblastus orientalis, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1909, p. 727 ( $ ).

$ . A black species, the face with pale markings and the
abdomen apically red. head transverse, as broad as thorax
and not narrowed behind the very
slightly emarginate eyes ; f rons and
vertex finely punctate and somewhat
shining, the former longitudinally
impressed and subglabrous centrally ;
face evenly and somewhat coarsely
punctate, and with long white hairs,
black, with a conspicuous circular
^ ^^^ flavous mark beneath each scrobe ;

a Sm \ clypeus convex and apically broadly

1 I lU B rounded; mandibles stout. Antenna'

filiform and as long as the body,
black, with the flagellar joints becom-
- 94. ing ferruginous beneath towards the

Monoblastus orientalis, Cam. apex. Thorax stout, pilose and im-
maculate black ; mesonotum shining
and finely punctate, apically subvertical, with no notauli ; meta-
notum evenly and more closely punctate, with the areola laterally

MONOBLASTUS. ICYONA. 333

strong and parallel-sided, its costulse and apical carina subobsolete ;
lateral carinse distinct, spiracles elongate and not small. Scutelluin
black, punctate and hardly convex. Abdomen clear red, finely
punctate and pilose, with the two basal segments (except at their
apices) black, and the spiracles of the laterally strongly margined
first segment a little before its centre ; terebra very short, reflexed,
with the valvulae red. Legs black and with distinct white hairs,
the anterior tibiae and tarsi dull testaceous. Wings broad and
ample ; tegulae and stigma piceous, radix testaceous ; areolet
irregular, transversely triangular and elongately petiolate, with its
outer nervure, like the recurrent, broadly fenestrate ; radial cell
short and subtriangular ; lower wings with the nervellus sub-
continuous and distinctly antefurcal, intercepted far below its
centre.

Length 7 milliui.

PUNJAB : Simla, ix. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

My description is drawn from the type of the species, which is
the only example I have seen.

237. Monoblastus niger, Cam.

Cyphanza nigra, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1909,.
p. 723.

J . A black species, with only the anterior tibiae and tarsi
testaceous, and the face white above.

Length 7 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, ix. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

The elaborate characters upon which Cameron erected a new
genus for this species certainly correspond exactly with all those
of Monoblastus, though he quite failed to mention the distinct
pectination of the claws. In fact so closely is this insect related
to M. orientalis that I should be induced to regard it as the male
of that species, if a distinct name had not already been proposed
for it. The type has the head badly crushed and the facial shield
dislocated, but the sculpture is identical with that of M. orientalis,
though the pale spots are larger and subconfluent, the flagellum is
a trifle thicker and the disc of the abdomen black throughout ; in
all other respects the two agree entirely.

Genus ICYONA, Cam.

Icyona, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1903, p. 340.
GENOTYPE, I. rufipes, Cam.

Head obliquely constricted behind the large and internally
parallel eyes ; occiput margined and broadly incised ; face elongate
and circularly prominent in the centre; cheeks as long as the

334 ICHNEUMONIDJE.

scape; clypeus not discrete, apically rounded and deeply t'oveate
at the base on either side ; mandibles largely bidentate, with the
upper tooth longer and more acuminate than the lower. Meta-
thorax elongate, with no carinae and its spiracles elongate.
Scutellum roundly convex. Abdomen with the four basal seg-
ments distinctly longer than broad ; the basal elongate and not
much widened apically, with almost central spiracles ; terebral
valvulaa strongly projecting, stout and straight. Legs elongate,
with apices of hind femora nearly extending to anus, their coxsn
elongate and fully four times as long as broad ; posterior tibia1
bicalcarate ; tarsi spinose, with their claws closely and distinctly
pectinate. Wings with the areolefc quadrate and somewhat large,
laterally coalescent above, and emitting the straight and broadly
fenestrate second recurrent nervure from its centre ; radial cell
narrow and elongate, nervelet distinct ; hind wing with nervures
extending to the apex, the lower longitudinal one originating near
the top.

Range. Simla.

Its author says this genus, the type of which is not in
Col. Nurse's collection, "belongs to the CTJBNOPELMINT and comes
near to Ctenopelma."

238. Icyona rufipes, Cam.

Icyona rujljws, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1903, p. 340 ( d $ ).

rf $ . Head black, with the lower half of the inner orbits
broadly, the lower two-thirds of the sparsely punctate clypeus,
and the cheeks (in 3 ), flavous ; face apically rufescent ; f rons and
vertex closely punctate ; palpi testaceous and mandibles tricoloured.
Antennae black; of <$ with the scape flavescent, and flagellum
piceous, beneath. Pro- and mesothorax closely and uniformly
punctate ; metathorax much more strongly and rugosely punctate,
with dense short white pubescence. Scutellum closely and uni-
formly punctate, with its apex glabrous, nitidulous and testaceous.
Abdomen shining and red, with the basal half of first segment
subflavescent. Legs red, with the coxae, base of trochanters above,
and a basal line on the anterior femora, black ; four apical joints
of bind tarsi flavous. Wings hyaline and iridescent, with the
stigma testaceous and the nervures blackish.

Length 14 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla (Col. Nurse).

Type. Location unknown.

I have not seen this species.

CTENACME. 335

Genus CTENACME, Fdrst.

Ctenacme, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 196.

Ctenacmw, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. ix, 1883, p. 901.

Pauroctemis, Cameron, Joiu-n. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1909, p. 726.

GENOTYPE, Polyblastus scutellatus, Thorns.

Head with the clypeus distinctly discrete from the face, with
its lateral foveae not scopulate ; mandibles glabrous, convex discally
at the base and narrowed towards the apex. Antennae no't
centrally incrassate. Epicnemia interrupted above. Abdomen
sessile, with the central segments not red ; first segment somewhat
short, basally subauriculate and often transversely impressed before
its apex; terebra not entirely concealed ; hypopygium large,
vomeriform, not retracted but broadly covering the base of the
terebra. Legs with the tarsi not incrassate, nor calcaria elongate ;
claws stout, closely and elongately pectinate. Areolet sometimes
wanting ; basal nervure vertically curved and divergent.

Range. North- West Europe, Himalayas.

An examination of the type of Cameron's genus convinces me
that this differs in no material degree from Forster's as enunciated
by Thomson, though belonging to none of the three Swedish
species described by the latter, which are the only ones at present
brought forward. Cameron tells us, " the affinities of tbis genus
\Pauroctenus~\ may be left over until the $ is known. It comes
near PolyUastus in the tables given by authors." Unfortunately,
he mistook the sex of the type.

239. Ctenacme pallidipes, Cam. (emend.).

Pawoctenus pallipes, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1909, p. 727 ($,as rf).

2 . A black species, with the legs, venter and mouth flavescent.
Head as broad as the thorax and gradually rounded behind the
internally parallel eyes ; vertex not broad, somewhat convex and,
like the deplanate frons, very finely punctate; face more distinctly
punctate, black, shining and centrally prominent, with distinct
juxta-antennal foveae; clypeus triangular, subglabrous and stra-
mineous, with a conspicuous black basal tubercle, its apex rounded
and narrowly reflexed ; mandibles stout and stramineous, with
tbeir bifid apices rufescent ; ligula and palpi stramineous.
Antenna filiform, not stout, black, with their apices ferruginous
beneath, and the flagellar joints slightly compressed beyond the
centre. Thorax immaculate black ; mesonotum shining and
obsoletely punctate, with obsolete notauli ; metathorax short and
somewbat small ; areola complete, parallel-sided and apically sub-
truncate, with the lateral areae trans-aciculate, costulae wanting
and petiolar area discrete ; apophyses small and obtuse, spiracles
circular and uot large. Scutellum normal and black. Abdomen

336 ICHNECMONIDJ:.

black, with the extreme apices of the segments obsoletely white ;
basal segment not convex, scabriculous and cliscally bicarinate to
the shallow subapical transverse impression, with the spiracles
before its centre ; remaining segments transverse, shining and

Fig. 95. — Ctenacme pallidipes, Cain.

obsoletely punctate; venter pale; spicula slightly exserted beyond
the stout and grey-pilose valvulae, the bases of which are covered
by the stout and pale hypopyginm. Legs of normal length and
entirely stramineous, with only the apices of the hind tibiae and of
their tarsal joints blackish. Wings ample and hyaline ; radix and
tegulae stramineous, stigma testaceous ; areolet sessile and trian-
gular; nervellus subopposite and intercepted below its centre.

Length 5 mi Him.

PUNJAB : Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type, in Col. Nurse's collection.

I have drawn the above description from the type specimen,
which is the only example I have seen. It would appear to differ
from all others of its genus in the basally tuberculate clypeus and
peculiar facial foveaj; the very slightly compressed antennae are
also remarkable. Cameron, however, appears to have examined
more than the type, since he gives the length as 6-7 inillim.

Genus RHORUS, Fdrst.
mortis, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 195.
GENOTYPE, Tryplion mesoxanthus, Grav.

Head transverse and hardly buccate, vertex emarginate ; clypeus
transverse and convex, with its apical margin depressed, truncate
or rounded ; mandibular teeth stout and subequal in length ; eves
entire and oblong-oval. Antennae filiform, distinctly stout and as

EHOEUS. 337

long as the body. Thorax stout, often with apical notauli; meta-
thorax semiglobose, with circular spiracles ; areola and petiolar
area often confluent. Scutellum a little elevated and often pale.
Abdomen elongate-subfusiforra, shortly pilose and distinctly petio-
late ; basal segment straight, convex, constricted before the almost,
antemedial spiracles, with the postpetiole gradually a little dilated
to apex, and the discal sulcus usually distinct ; second and third
segments subequal in length ; terebra stout and not concealed.
Legs normal, with the hind femora subincrassate ; tarsal claws
very distinctly, usually elongatelv and coarsely pecdnate. Areolet
usually entire, radial cell lanceolate, nervellus intercepted above,
in or below its centre.

fianr/e. United States, North- West Europe, Ceylon.

This genus is so closely allied to Ctenopelma that it is doubtful
if it has a right to any separate existence, since the impressed
clypeus appears but a poor distinction. However, it is now
generally recognised on the Continent and consequently is adopted
here, though some doubt must be entertained respecting the pro-
priety of including in it Cameron's species, since it has the
terebra nearly one-fourth the length of the whole body (which
feature appears to ally it more closely with the OPHIONLN.E) and
he himself says that it "is probably not a typical Rhorus, but
there is no other genus into which I can make it enter." Un-
fortunately, I can throw no light upon its position, as I have seen
no Oriental species of the genus, which is characterised by having
the clypeus neither distinctly discrete nor apically impressed, the
tarsal claws closely and elongately pectinate, and the abdomen
distinctly petiolate.

240. Rhorus spinipes, Cam.

Rhorus spinipes, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 132 ( $ ).

$ . A smooth and shining black species, with profuse flavescent
markings. Head with face, cheeks, mandibles, internal orbits, and
apex of clypeus, flavous. Antennce longer than the body, with
the flagellum piceous, and scape wi'h a Savons marking, beneath.
Thorax black, with a mark (triangularly dilated apically) on either
side of the mesonotum, another subcircular one at base of meso-
pleurse, a larger triangular one at their apex, callosities beneath
the hind wings, apices of the obscurely awd transversely striate
metanotum, flavous; metariotum longitudinally sulcate throughout
the basal half of its disc. Scutellum flavous. Abdomen smooth
and nitidulous, shortly and densely pilose, with the apices of all its
segments flavous. Leys flavescent ; hind legs with the trochanters
mainly, their coxae beneath, and the tarsi, black; the femora
rufesc-nt, and the tibiae ferruginous, becoming apically blackish;
posterior tibiae and tarsi densely spinose. Wings hvaline, with
the stigma infuscate ; areolet obliquely triangular and shortly

JJ38 ICHNEUMONID^E.

petiolate ; basal nervure continuous through the median, second
recurrent continuous with the external nervure of the areolet ;
nervellus intercepted distinctly below its centre.

Length 7 millim. ; terebra 2 millim.

CEYLON : Kandy (E. E. Green).

Genus SCOLOBATES, Grav.
Scolobates, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. ii, 1829, p. 357.
GENOTYPE, Ichneumon auriculalus, F.

Head very smooth, buccate posteriorly, with the vertex deeply
emarginate and the cheeks large ; clypeus hardly discrete basally,
its apex dentiformly produced centrally ; mandibles stout and
bidentate, with the teeth of equal length ; eyes entire and not
small. Antennae filiform and fully as long as the body, with their
apices subattenuate ; scape obliquely truncate apically. Meta-
notal areae wanting ; spiracles oval. Abdomen petiolate, more or
less compressed laterally ; basal segment deplanate and straight,
parallel-sided, with the spiracles before its centre ; terebra short
and not extending beyond the anus. Hind legs longer and stouter
than the front ones, with bicalcarate tibia3, more or less incrassate
tarsi and closely pectinate claws. Areolet wanting.

Range. North and Central America, Europe, Himalayas. Erro-
neously recorded from New. Zealand.

This species is, I think, best recognised by the peculiarly large
and shining head, its centrally produced clypeus and distinctly
compressed abdomen. Originally its main feature was the iu-
crassate hind tarsi, and this is very conspicuous in certain species,
though but feebly developed in the Indian ones ; on account of it
and the compressed body this genus was thought at first to be
allied to Anomalon and it was even retained in the OPHIONINJS by
Holmgren in 1858, though in the aberrant group of the BAN-
CHIDES, with which it obviously has nothing in common. It
certainly belongs to the Ctenopelmid group of the TBYPHONIN^E
and is somewhat closely allied to Euceros, Grav., the species of
which have, like it, been bred from Lepidopterous hosts. Scolo-
lates is also said to prey upon Syrphid flies and TEXTIIBEDINID-E ;
but cf. Bassus Icetatorius (p. 278).

Table of Species.

1 (2) Testaceous, with black markings ; nervellus

geniculate below centre testaceus, ep. n.

2 (1) Black, with red markings ; nervellus geniculate

at its centre auriculatus, F.

SCOLOBATES. 339

241. Scolobates testaceus, sp. u.

$ . A handsome, shining testaceous species, with somewhat
indefinite black markings. Head but slightly narrowed behind the
prominent eyes ; occiput, ocellar region externally, a mark be-
tween the scrobes extending to the face, and the apices of the
mandibles, black ; cheeks flavescent. Antennae stout and infuscate-
ferrugiuous, with all the joints short and the basal becoming
rufescent beneath. Thorax not long, strongly nitidulous through
out, testaceous, with marks on mesopleurae, mesonotum centrally
and above the radices, above hind frenuin and in centre of rneta-
notum, black ; mesosternum flavescent ; notauli obsolete ; meta-
notum longitudinally convex on either side at base. Scutellum
convex, rufo-flavescent. Abdomen strongly compressed from the
second segment, pilose and testaceous, with basal black marks on
.all the segments, becoming larger on the hasal ones ; first seg-
ment strongly elongate and indefinitely bicarinate at base ; spicula
emarginate beneath the acuminate apex. Legs testaceous, with
only the small pulvilli and claws, and basal half of hind coxae,
black ; hind legs elongate, but not conspicuously incrassate.
Wings somewhat strongly and evenly infumate ; radix, tegulas
and stigma ferruginous ; uerrellus intercepted below its centre.

Length 8 millim.

UXITED PROVINCES : Mussoori, 7000 ft., x. 06 (H. M. Lefroy).

Type in the Pusa collection.

242. Scolobates auriculatus, F.

Ichneumon auriculatus, Fabricius, Piex. 1804, p. 69.

Scolobates crassitarsus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. ii, 1829, p. 360;

Stephens, Illus. Mandib. vii, 1835, p. 269; Fonscolombe, Ann.

Soc. Ent. France, 1849, p. 237 ; Kriechbaumer, Ent. Xachr.

1877, p. 134; v. Stein, Ent. Nachr. 1880, p. 103 (rf $) ; Davis,

Trans. Amer. Ent, Soc. 1897, p. 264 ( $ ).
Scolobates auriculatus, Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forst. ii, 1840, p. 77 ;

Holmgren, Ofv. Sv. Ak. Forli. 1858, p. 330; id. Sv. Ak. Handl.

1858, p. 154 ; Tasclienberg, Hym. Deuts. 1866, p. 74 (rf ?).
Prionopoda canadensis, Harrington, Canad. Entom. 1892, p. 98 ( § ).

A smooth arid strongly nitidulous species, black, with the head
mainly and the abdomen centrally red. Head buccate, tumidous
and very smooth, parallel-sided behind the eyes; mouth, frontal
orbits, cheeks very broadly and the sparsely punctate face,
fulvescent. Antennas, somewhat longer than the body, stout,
filiform and apically subattenuate, red or ferruginous beneath ;
scape obliquely truncate apically, and the first longer than second
flagellar joint. Thorax gibbulous, very smooth, a little longer
than high, black ; sternum punctate ; metanotum glabrous, with
no areas, though impressed on either side at both base and apex.
Sc-utellum black. Abdomen centrally red, about as long as head
and thorax, deplanate or (in $ ) apically subcora pressed ; basal

z2

340

segment straight, hardly extending to apex of hind trochanters,
deplanate and apically strongly widened, with the spiracles
prominent and subcentral ; second segment subquadrate and the
following transverse : terebra straight and not extending beyond
the anus. Leys : anterior pairs somewhat slender and red, basally
black ; hind ones stout and longer, black, with whole of femora

Fig. $6.—ScoZobutes auricula* us, F.

and extreme base of tibiae red; hind tarsi broad, with their claws
distinctly pectinate. Wings very slightly infumate with the
stigma infuscate piceous, radix testaceous and tegulre blackish :
radial nervure curved ; nervellus strongly intercepted nearly in its
centre.

Length 5-9 millim.

KASHMIR, 5000-6000 ft., v.Ol (Col. Nurse). EUROPE. NOBTII
AMBBIOA.

This is a very variable species in size, but its colour, the incrassate
hind tarsi and peculiarly broad head, render it unmistakable.

It is nowhere common, though occurring throughout nearly the
whole of Europe and Northern America from Ottawa to Texas.
The older authors thought it parasitic on Lepidoptera (Smerinthtts
ocellatus, Eatz. 1. c.), but it attacks TENTHBEDHTID.I; (Hylotoma
pagana, Bche, and H. rosce, Giraud (Ann. Soc. Ent. France,
1877, p. 407); the observations of Hudson (Ent. 1884, p. 171)
and W. W. Smith (E. M. M. 1900, p. 160) refer to Basnt*
fatatoriiis, F. (v. p. 278). The only Indian example I have seen is
a somewhat small but very typical female.

MECASTYLL'S. 341

Genus MEGASTYLUS, Schiod.

Megastylus, Schiodte, Gue"r. Map;. Zool. 1839, Ins. pi. vi.

Helictes, Haliday, Ann. Xat. Hist, ii, 1839, p. 115.

Letosha, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Xat. Hist. Soc. 1909, p. 725.

GENOTYPE, M. cruentata, Schiod.

Head subtransverse, constricted towards the mouth ; face
slightly, and eyes very distinctly, prominent; the subcircular
vertex strongly discrete from the occiput ; clypeus arched ; man-
dibular teeth slightly unequal ; labrum not exserted. Antennae
elongate, setaceous, at least 30-jointed ; scape subglobose ; no
flagellar joints emarginate, nor the first shorter than second.
Mesothorax elevated, with the notauli weakly impressed ; ineta-
thorax usually rectangular, and not perpendicularly truncate at
apex ; metanotum not basally areated, nor transversely carinate in
the centre. Scutellum convex. Abdomen deplanate and spatulate,
not laterally compressed ; basal segment narrow, elongate, with
the spiracles slightly before its centre ; terebra very shortly or
hardly exserted, straight. AVings distinctly narrow ; areolet
entirely wanting ; stigma not abnormally narrow ; nervellus sub-
opposite and obsoletely intercepted a little below its centre.

Range. Palaearctic and Nearctic Kegions.

This is a widely distributed genus, somewhat rich in species in
both hemispheres. .For a long period it was regarded as pertaining
to the TRYPHONINJE ; but modern authors seem fairly unanimous
in placing it in the PLECTISCINI group of the OPHIONI:JO;, which 1
consider erroneous, since the strongly deplanate abdomen and
concealed terebra point to affinity with the former subfamily.
But, as remarked by Ashmead (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900,
p. 101), the PLECTISCINI, as at present constituted, are scarcely a
natural group ; and this is one of its most abnormal genera. The
single Indian species at present known was erroneously placed in
a new genus by Cameron and appears to bear considerable resem-
blance to Mesoleptus albocollaris, Cresson (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
1868, p. 100 ; cf. Davis, op. cit. 1897, p. 246) ; the former says
•respecting it, " the precise affinities of this genus may be left over
until its 5 is known. From the position of the abdominal spiracles
I refer it, for the present, to the TEYPHONIDJ, tribe MESOLEPTINI,"
where he had previously relegated true Lissonotce.

'243. Megastylus longicoxis, Cam.

Letosha Imigicoxis, Cameron,* Jouru. Bombay Xat. Hist. Soc. 1909,
p.7_>5($,asd).

$ . A somewhat small and very slender species. Head small
.and subquadrate, nearly parallel behind the mutilated eyes ;
occipital carina very strong ; vertex broad, sparsely punctate, with
a few long griseous hairs and a distinct longitudinal sulcus ; frons
deplanate and nitidulous ; face glabrous and strongly nitidulous,

342

subimpressed on either side, with the epistoma a little protuberant
and a deep sulcus between the antennae, entirely stramineous, with
the colour rising triangularly a little above the scrobes ; clypeus
very prominent, tuberculiform, subcircular, stramineous, basally
strongly discrete and apically black ; mandibles weak, narrow
and apically acuminate, stramineous, with the apical teeth, of
which the lower is much the longer, small and ferruginous.
Antennae much longer than the body, slender, setaceous and finely
pilose, with the apical joints well discrete, piceous, with the
basal three or four joints rufescent, at least beneath. Tliorax-
slender and subcylindrical, black, with the prothorax basally

Fig. 97. — Megastyhts longicoxis, Cam.

throughout, a mesopleural mark before the radices broadly, andi
its basal carina narrowly, stramineous ; mesonotum glabrous and
nitidulous, apically elongate and constricted at the obsolete notauli ;
metathorax irregularly shagreened, very small dorso-ventrally,
though hardly narrower discally than the mesonotum ; metanotum
but slightly convex and not depressed apically, lateral earinae
distinct and connected by two transverse carinae, across the disc
and before the petiolar area ; spiracles circular and not small.
Scutellum glabrous, triangular, subconvex and laterally carinate to
its apex, which is, like that of the postscutellum, ferruginous.
Abdomen linear and subnitidulous, becoming duller, pilose and
broader before its apex ; black, with the base of the first- two,
apex of second, whole of third segments, and the anus, indeter-
minately rufescent ; basal segment parallel-sided, about five times
as long as broad, glabrous and laterally sparsely pilose, with the
apex subnodulose and the spiracles distinctly before the centre ;.

OPHIONIN^. 343

second broader, though hardly shorter, and slightly widened
apically ; ventral fold strong on the three pale basal segments ;
spicula dark, valvulae flavescent, slightly exserted from the hypo-
pygium, which extends to the anus. Legs elongate and very
slender, the anterior testaceous, with the coxae and trochanters
stramineous ; hind legs red, with the large and strongly trans-
strigose coxae black, trochanters pale and the hind tarsi white,
except the basal and apical half of the last joint, which are, like
the apices of their tibia?, blackish. Wings narrow but not small ;
stigma, costa and nervures piceous ; radix and tegulae stramineous ;
basal nervure not quite continuous ; second recurrent broadly
bifenestrate.

Length 8| millim.

PUNJAB: Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

The foregoing description is drawn from the type of the
species.

Subfamily OPHIONIN^E.

The number of species of this subfamily that have been de-
scribed or recorded from Asia, outside British India, is probably
about equal to the forty-three kinds given by Dalla Torre as
indigenous to this area in 1901. The principal 'authors of the
former are Kokujew, who has erected several species of Paniscus
from Eussian Transcaucasia, Pamir, Siberia and Transcaspia
(Hor» Soc. entom. Ross. 1899, p. 142, etc.) ; Brulle and Taschen-
berg (Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1875, p. 421), who have described a few
large species from Halmaheira, Java, etc. ; Van A7ollenhoven
also described some conspicuous insects from Batavia ; Smith
brought forward a few from Chinese Turkestan and others
from Japan (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1874, and Second Yarkand
Mission). And from the latter locality, Francis Walker de-
scribed (Cistula Entom. 1874, p. 306, etc.) new kinds of Sagaritis,
Campoplex and Cliarops ; while an Anomalid is recorded by
Kriechbaumer (Nat. Ges. Leipzig, 1894, p. 129). Smith has
further informed us of others from Celebes, Borneo, Kaisaa, etc.
(Proc. Linn. Soc. Lond, 1860, Suppl. p. 64) ; Holmgren found a
new Limnerium from China (Eugenics Resa, Insect. 1868, p. 412),
and Radoszkowsky an undescribed OpJiion from Korea (Horae
Soc. ent. Ross. 1887, p. 433). This, with the addition of a very
few species brought forward by Olivier, Tschek and others from
Asia Minor, represents practically the total of our knowledge up
to the beginning of the present century.

To the above forty-three species Cameron has subsequently
added some sixty kinds, in publishing the captures of Col. Nurse
in North-West India and of Mr. Green in Ceylon. These were

344

brought forward in a very scattered form in various English,
Dutch, German and Indian Magazines ; while several of the types
that I had the opportunity of examining, both in the British
Museum and Col. Nurse's collections, bore MS. names in
Cameron's hand. Many of these species proved upon examination
to be conspecific with Palsearctic forms, but I consider rat her more
than seventy of them to represent good species, and these, with
those I have been enabled to synonymise with previously described
kinds and the fifty that do not appear to have been hitherto
noticed, give us a present total of some 163 species distributed
through 49 genera

The OrmoNiN.ffi are at once known from all other ICHNEU-
MONID^E by their very distinctly compressed abdomen, and can
only be confused with the EVANIID^ which emit the abdomen
from the disc of the metanotum and not, as in the present case,
from its apex. In this character, however, the ANOMALIDES tend
slightly from the normal by having the apex of the metathorax a
little produced above the abdominal base, and they may further be
known by their total lack of an areolet and spatulately dilated hind
tarsi. The difficult tribe of CAMPOPLEGIDES also often lacks the
areolet, which appears rather the rule than the exception, for the
OPHIONIDES go so tar as to emit the second recurrent vein before
and not beyond the submarginal nervure, which abnormal con-
formation is shared by the NOTOTKACHIDES, which are distinguished
by their calcaria. The PANISCIDES approach the TKTPHOXINJB in
their peculiarly curved radial nervure, basally broad abdomen and
pectinate tarsal claws; though that they are also related to the
aberrant MESOCHORIDES, which tribe has recently been raised by
iS/epligeti to the position of a subfamily, I am now able to prove
by the discovery of an undoubted Pauiscid with a pronounced
Mesochorid facies. The tribes CBEMASTIDES and PRISTOMEEIDES
are hardly distinct and differ only in the possession by the latter
of a more or less obvious tooth beneath the hind femora ; they
both have a large and conspicuous stigma, a feature shared by the
PORIZONIDES, though in this case the radial cell is very broad,
with its central angle subacute and the submarginal nervure
obsolete, whereas in the two former tribes the radial cell is sub-
lanceolate and the submarginal elongate. Prof. Thomson was
of opinion that the PLECTISCLDES appertained to the TRYPHONINJE
rather than to the present subfamily, but, as Schmiedeknecht truly
remarks, " as long as they are made to embrace an assemblage of
strongly differing forms, there can be no object in arguing where
they are best placed ! " And, as regards India, we are spared the
trouble, for I have seen no more than three specimens thence,
which in the present inadequate state of our knowledge, it were
useless to bring forward yet. The following tribes are fully as
distinct inter se as are those of the TRYPHONINJE, and specimens
can be attributed to each at a glance, with a little experience : —

PANISCIDES. 345

Table of Tribes.

1 (2) External abscissa of radius basally

continuous with first submarginal

nervure ........................ P.IXISCIDES, p. 345.

2 (1) External abscissa of radius basally

angled at its junction with first
submarginal nervure.

-3 (6) Second recurrent nervure emitted
before submarginal.

4 (5) Intermediate tibiae bicalcarate; an-

tennae elongate ................ OPUIOXIDES, p. 362.

5 (4) Intermediate tibiae unicalcarate ; an-

tennae short .................... NOTOIRACIIIDES, p. 397.

6 (3) Second recurrent nervure emitted

beyond first submarginal.

7 (8) Hind tarsi spatuliform ; meiathorax

apically produced .............. AXO.V.ILIDES, p. 401.

8 (7) Hind tarsi not spatulifbrm ; meta-

thorax not produced.

9 (18) Areolet not obliquely quadrate ; ab-

domen strongly compressed.
tima and radial cell

10 (11) Stigma and radial cell narrow and

elongate ...................... CAXPOPLEGIDES, p. 433.

11 (10) Stigma and radial cell broad, with

the latter short.

12 (17) Submarginal nervure distinct ; median

of hind wing basally strong.

13 (1(J) Hind femora simple.

14 (15) Clypeus not convex or compressed;

hind tibiae normal .............. CREHA.STIDES, p. 497.

15 (14) Clypeus convex and compressed : hind

tibiae incrassate ................ PLECTISCIDES.*

10 (13) Hind femora distinctly dentate

beneath ...................... PRISIOMERIDES, p. 507.

17 (12) Submarginal nervure obsolete; median

of hind wings basally pellucid .... PORIXONIDES, p. 511.

18 (9) Areolet obliquely quadrate ; abdomen

not compressed ................ MESOCHORIDES, p. 515.

Tribe PANISCIDES.

A tribe of yellowish or reddish insects, usually of somewhat
large size. Thorax shining and never strongly sculptured ;
notauli distinct but rarely deeply impressed ; metathorax sub-
declivous throughout and not apically produced above the hind
coxae. Abdomen slender and not deplauate ; basal segment
elongate and subparallel-sided, rarely subpetiolate or subsessile,
with the spiracles ahvays before its centre; terebra exserfced or
subconcealed, J valvulae large and strongly exserted. Tarsal claws
nearly always strongly pectinate ; intermediate tibiae distinctly
bicalcarate. Wings very ample ; areolet rarely wanting, usually

* No Indian species are described in this volume.

346 ICHJTEUMO3TIDJE.

triangular or obliquely rhomboiclal, with the nervures subentire
(the external often fenestrate below) and always coalescent above,
emitting the external abscissa of the radius in a strong curve,
which basally forms an acute angle with the internal radial
abscissa ; stigma never broad or triangular, often pale ; nervellus
intercepted above, very rarely at or below, its centre.

The constant red-yellow colour of members of this tribe dis-
tinguish them at once from all other ICHNEUMOMD^, except the
OPHIONIDES, with which tyros are apt to confuse them until they
come to notice lhat they possess a very conspicuous deltoid alar
areolet (or in Parca, which possesses no areolet, the second
recurrent is not emitted before the submarginal nervure), whereas
iri OPHIONIDES the areolet is invariably wanting and the second
recurrent emitted distinctly before the submarginal. The species
are socially parasitic upon larvae of Lepidoptera, constructing for
themselves tough black or brown cocoons, and many or all of their
larvae are ectoparasites.

This group is very well represented in the Indian fauna, more
especially in the hills of Ceylon, Assam, Baluchistan and Kashmir ;
but our knowledge is far too scanty at present to allow us to
generalise respecting their distribution. I have experienced con-
siderable difficulty in recognising in nature the various descriptions
that have been published, on account both of their superficial
character and the actual similarity of the species constituting
this tribe. The latter cause has been a stumbling block to their
elucidation throughout the world, and nowhere more so than in
Europe, where they have received the most attention ; but even
here Thomson, I consider, to a great, extent failed in their classi-
fication, quite possibly for lack of material. Very few of the
two dozen Palsearctic kinds have yet been assigned definite
characters ; and there appears ground for believing that, when a
general synonymy has been effected of this group, whose species
are found throughout both hemispheres, their specific range will
prove to be much more extensive than at present supposed.

Table of Genera.

1 (6) All the tarsi pectinate ; areolet

entire.

2 (5) Spiracles of basal segment dis-

tinctly before centre ; areolet
triangular.

3 (4) Lower much further from base

than upper basal nervure PANISCUS, Scbr., p. 347.

4 (3) Basal nervure continuous through

median nervure PAHABATVS, Thoms., p. 357.

5 (2) Spiracles of basal segment central;

areolet quadrate TETRAGON ALYS, Mori., p. 359.

G (1) Tarsi simple ; areolet -wanting ;

petiolar spiracles central PAECA, Mori., p. 361.

347

Genus PANISCUS, ScJtr.

Paniscm, Schrank, Faun. Boica, ii, 1802, p. 311, note.
Paropkeltes, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1907,
p. 111.— (Type P. Jiavolineatus, Cam.)"

GENOTYPE, P. testaceus, Grav.

A genus of somewhat large, testaceous-red species, with a
distinct areolet. Head transverse, short and sometimes subbuccate
behind the internally distinctly emarginate eyes ; ciypeus dis-
crete, subelevated, with its apex obtusely rounded and ciliate;
mandibles narrow, with the teeth strongly unequal, the lower
being much the shorter ; palpi quadriarticulate, with the apical
joint filiform ; ocelli large and sometimes remote from the eyes ;
occipital carina distinct and continuous with the gerial. Antennae
filiform and slender, with the scape subovate and deeply incised
apically. Metathorax with oblong spiracles. Abdomen com-
pressed or subcompressed and distinctly petiolate ; basal segment
straight, with the spiracles before its centre ; terebra very dis-
tinctly exserted. Legs slender, with the tarsal claws strongly
and elongately pectinate. "Wings ample, with the areolet always
entire ; basal nervure by no means continuous through the median,
but the lower basal very distinctly further from the base than the
upper basal.

Raiuje. Cosmopolitan.

This genus is very liable to be confused with Ophion or Heni-
(iospttus, since the coloration of all its species, and the large size o£
several, produces a superficially close resemblance to the OPHIO-
NIDES. The distinct alar areolet and the position of the petiolar
spiracles will instantly separate them, however ; and, in spite of
this resemblance, there appears to be little affinity in nature
between the two groups. Paniscus has been somewhat recently
divided by Thomson into several genera, of which only his
Parabatus also occurs in the Indian fauna.

Table of Species*

1 (18) Labrum not spinously produced

centrally.

2 (3) Subglabrous ; metanotum not

striate ; length 8 inillim lavis, Cam., p. 348.

3 (2) Punctate ; metanotum distinctly

striate; length at least 10
millim.

4 (15) Xotauli distinct, at least to centre

of mesonotum.

5 (6) Scuteliar carime apically acumi-

nate and coalesced intennedius, Cam., p. 349.

6 (5) Scutellar carinse neither acumi-

nate nor coalesced.

7 (12) Paler ; metanotum very finely

trans-aciculate.

* Paniscus renovntus is omitted from this table as insufficiently described.

348 ICHNEUMONID.E.

8 (9) Stigma distinctly inf uscate ; hind

tarsi stramineous nigriventris, Brulle", p. 349.

9 (8) Stigma tfavescent ; hind tarsi not

paler than tibiae.

10 (11) Mesonotuni uuicolorous ocettaris, Thorns., p. 350.

11 (10) Mesonotum with three infuscate

stripes lineatus, Brulle, p. 352.

12 (7) Darker ; metanotum strongly

strigose.

13 (14) Mesouotuui unicolorous testactus, Grav., p. 352.

14 (13) Mesonotum with four paler vittse. quadriliHcatus)Srnit'h,]). 354.

15 (4) Notauli distinct at most on apical

two-thirds of mesouotum.

16 (17) Thorax immaculate testaceous ;

metanotum sculptured orientalis, Cam., p. 355.

17 (16) Thorax broadly flavous ; meta-

notum glabrous flavolineatus, Cam., p. 355.

18 (1) Labrum centrally produced into

an elongate spine montanus, Cam., p. 356.

244. Paniscus laevis, Cam.

Paniscus Itccif, Cameron, Spol. Zeyl. 1905, p. 127 ('$).

(J $ . An unusually slender, pale flavous, nitidulous and almost
entirely glabrous species. Head subimpunctate, with the clypeus
apically rounded and basally not discrete ; cheeks wanting ;
vertex obliquely constricted, but not very narrow. Anlennce sub-
rufesceiit and not apically darker, with abnormally close and long
white pubescence. Thorax subimpunctate, with the notauli very
superficial ; metastemal carina broadened basally. Scutellum
with the carina3 not apically coalescent. Abdomen and legs
immaculate ; valvulae of $ not black, of cf very large, and
strongly exserted in both sexes. Wings hyaline, with tbe stigma
pale flavous and the nervures blackish ; nervellus intercepted close
to bottom of upper fourth, and inferiorly abnormally oblique.

Length 8-9 uiillini.

BENGAL: Chapra(Pusacoll.); CEYLON: Kandy (E.E. Green, type).

This species differs from all other Oriental members of this
genus in being almost entirely smooth, with the head and thorax
subimpunctate and the metanotum very obsoletely striate ; the
upper basal nervure is emitted by the median further from the
lower basal, the notauli are much weaker, and the eyes, divergent
below in P. intermediiis and P. orientalis, are internally parallel.

It has the facies of a small and weakly developed P. ocellaris, but
the head and thorax are subglabrous, with the punctation and stri-
ation obsolete, though hardly wanting, and the tarsi are almost
white ; above all, the areolet is remarkably narrow, being fully
thrice as high as centrally broad, and emitting the internal cubital
nervure from its centre and not, as in the latter species,, from
distinctly below its centre. The only male 1 have seen is hardly
N millim. in length, slender and very pale ; it is in the Oxford
Museum and was captured in Ceylon in 1872 by Dr. Thwaites,
who presented a female from the same island to the British
Museum in 1867.

PAXISCUS. 349

245. Paniscus intermedius, Cam.

Paniscus intermedius, Cameron,* Spol. Zeyl. 1905, p. 125 (<$ $).

J 5 . A fulvous species, with flavous markings. Head with
the face, mouth and orbits pale flavous ; ocellar region black ;;
vertex not broad, obliquely and sharply constricted posteriorly.
Antenna? red, becoming darker apically. Thorax subflavidous,
with the pro- and meso-notum closely and very finely punctate,
and the notauli distinct, discally deeply impressed ; metanotum
closely and transversely aciculate, basally glabrous and apically
subreticulate. Scutellum stoutly carinate, with the carinae acumi-
nately convergent apically. Abdomen immaculate. Legs con-
colorous with the body, the anterior being the paler ; second joint
of hind tarsi distinctly shorter than the third and fourth united.
Wings hyaline, with the stigma inf uscate and the nervures blackish ;
areolet oblique and subpetiolate, with the outer nervure broadly
tenestrate ; second recurrent unisinuate and broadly bifenestrate ;
internal cubital nervure roundly and broadly curved, with no
nervelet ; nervellus intercepted near the bottom of its upper
fourth.

Length 10-11 millim.

PUNJAB : Kasauli, vi. 05 (Col. Bingham) ; CEYLON : Maskeliya
(E. E. Green, type), Puudaluoya (E. E. Green), Madulsima, v. 08
(T. Bainbrigge Fletcher}.

Type in the British Museum.

This species may be recognised from all its congeners by its
small size, the nervellus being intercepted at the bottom of the
upper fourth and not the upper third, and by the scutellar carinaa
apically coalescing into an acuminate angle, whereas in the re-
mainder of the species they do not extend to the apex or unite;,
moreover, the clypeal apex is more transverse and less rounded.

246. Paniscus nigriventris, BrulU.

Paniscus nigriventris, Brulle", Hist. Nat. Ins. Hyrn. iv, 1846,

p. 157 (?).
Paniscus ceylonicm, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 31 ( <j> ) ;

cf. Spol. Zeyl. 1905, p. 127.

j $ . Head clear flavous, with the occiput centrally fulvescent ;
mandibular teeth black and basally rufescent. Antennas as long
as body, with the scape testaceous throughout and the flagellum
black, becoming piceous apically beneath. Thorax with very fine
white pubescence; mesonotum immaculate; metathorax finely
and closely, but distinctly, trans-aciculate. Abdomen apically in-
fuscate ; terebra 4 millim. in length. Hind tarsi stramineous,
paler in the J • Wings with the stigma blackish and the
nervures unicolorous black ; areolet with its external nervure
interrupted on the lower side ; nervelet distinct ; second recur-
rent nervure broadly bisinuate.

Length 14 to nearly 25 millim.

350 ICHNEUMONID.*:.

BENGAL ; CETLOK : Trincomali (Col.J. W. Yerbun/), Diyatalawa,
4000 ft., viii. 07, and Madulsima, xii. 08 (T. Bainbrigcie Fletcher),
Kandy, v. 09 (E. E. Green). SUMA.TBA. JAVA. BORNEO.

This species is said to be allied to P. Hneatus, Brulle, but to
differ in its unicolorous mesonotum and alar nervures, and in

its darker antennae. It is similar
to P. testaceus but is decidedly
more nitidulous, smoother, and
always paler, with the notauli
much deeper and the stigma
much darker. There is a <$
in the Pusa collection, which
certainly represents the opposite
sex of this species, though the
nervelet is wanting and Cameron
has given the barest outline of
its facies. This <5 has the head
extremely transverse with the
temples practically wanting pos-
Fig 98. teriorly, the stigma is very dark

Panisciisniffriventris, Brulle. red, the wings peculiarly ample,

the thorax and abdomen un-
usually slender, with the basal segment sublinear, the tarsi are white,
and the lower basal nervure not much further than the upper from
the base of the wing ; all of which points distinguish it from the
common P. testaceus and P. occllaris. A second analogous male is
in the Oxford Museum and was taken in Ceylon by Templeton.

•247. Paniscus ocellaris, Thorns.

Panisctts occllaris, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xii. p. ]199; Brauns

Arch. Nat. Mecklenb. 1889, p. 84 ( 2 ).

Paniscus fermr/ineus, Cameron, Mancli. Mem. 1899, p. 107 ($).
Paniscus testaceus, Grav. var. ocellaris, Kokujew, Horaj See. Ent.

Ross. 189*9, p. 135.

c? $ .Head ferruginous, with all the orbits fiavous and ocellar
region deep black ; face strongly and closely punctate ; clypeus
basally less strongly and closely, its apex somewhat sparsely,
punctate ; mandibles apically black, palpi rufesceut and with
sparse white hairs. Antennae blackish, with the scape and base of
flagellum entirely rufescent. Thorax ferruginous throughout,
with base and apex of the closely and strongly punctate meso-
pleurae flavous ; mesonotum closely but not strongly punctate,
with the notauli not very deeply impressed ; metanotum closely
and rather strongly punctate, somewhat elongately impressed
basally nearly to the pleurae, slightly curved and laterally con-
stricted ; petiolar area basally subtrans-aciculate, but not carinate ;
metapleural sulcus broader and deeper below. Scutellum closelv
punctate and ferruginous, laterally subflavidous and broadly

PANISCT7S 351

margined, with its basal fovea deeply impressed; postscutellum
laterally flavidous, with the basal half margined. Abdomen
infuscate towards its apex, with the terebral valvulae blaek. Legs
ferruginous, with the calcaria rufescent and claws deep black;
tibiae and tarsi with dense white pubescence. Wings hyaline,
with the stigma flavous and uervures black ; basal riervure not
continuous ; areolet sessile.

Length 13-16 millim.

KASHMIR, 5000-6000 ft., v. 01 (Col. Nurse); PCJNJAB: Simla,
viii. 98 (Col. Nurse), Kangra Valley, 4500 ft., iv.99 (G. G. Dudgeon) ;
Kasauli, v. 05 (Col. Bingham); UNITED PROVINCES: Dehra Dun
•(Ind. Mus.), Sahelwa, Bahraich disfc. (Ind. Mus.), Mussoori,
7000 ft., v.0,5 (E. Brunetti), Ghoorn, 7500 ft. (Ind. Mus.);
SIKKIM : Darjiling, viii. 09 (C. Paiva — Ind. Mus.), Kurseong,
5000ft., v. 05 (Ind. Mus.); BHUTAN, viii. 99 (G. C. Dudgeon);
ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney), Shillong, v. 03 (Rowland Turner),
Ukhrul, Manipur, 6400 ft. (Rev. W. Pettigrew—lnd. Mus.);
BENGAL: Pusa (ff. M. Lefroy}, Chapra (Mackenzie — Pusa coll.),
Bajshai, ii. 07 (N. Annandale), Madhupur, x. 09 (Ind. Mus.),
Calcutta, i.06 (Brunetti); BOMBAY: Nadiad (Pusa coll.):
MADRAS, Slievaroy Hills, 4000 ft. (Pusa coll.); CEYLON: Ohiyai
6000 ft., ix.08, and Madulsima, xii. 08 (T. B. Fletcher);
TENASSERIM : Dawna Hills, 2000-3000 ft., iii. 08 (N. Annandale).
EUROPE.

The female differs from that of P. longitarsis in its darker colour,
blackish antennas and obsoletely trans-strigose metanotum ;
P. interstitial? s is distinct in the quite continuous basal nervure
and the lack of a metanotal subapical carina, though similar in the
colour of the stigma, which is shared only by P. Icevis. I hesitate
to state too definitely that Cameron's species is synonymous with
P. octllaris, since that species is unknown to me ; nevertheless no
doubt can remain that P. ferrugineiis bears exactly the same
relation to P. longitarsis, Cam. (=testaceus, Grav.), that Thomson
describes his species as possessing to P. testaceus, Holmg., i. e., the
coloration is paler, the average size is smaller, the ocelli are large
and contiguous to the eyes with their region black, the anus is not
infuscate, and the mesonotum is somewhat more nitidulous. The
stigma, too, appears to be constantly flavous and not fulvous. I
am by no means persuaded that Kokujewis not right in regarding
the present as a mere weakly developed variety of P. testaceus,
Grav.

Lefroy has sent me a cocoon of this species ; it is cylindrical
and equally obtusely rounded at both extremities, pure glossy
white, not strongly shining, with a somewhat irregular black band
where it begins to contract around both ends and a few irregular
black marks on both apices (similar to that of the familiar
•Casinaria vidua, Grav.). Its length is 11 millim. and its breadth
nearly 5 millim. in the centre. To its apex is affixed an elongate
strand, or rather collection of threads, which are still entirely
flexible, of 38 millim. in length, and connected with the cocoon

352 ICHXEUMON1IX-E.

by an elongate and acuminate corneous process. By means of
this strand it is obvious that the pendulous cocoon bangs free
from a leaf, to which, in the present instance, it is still firmly
fastened by three or four radiating and intertwined series of
threads, greatly resembling the roots of a tree. The imago had
emerged through a somewhat irregularly circular hole, excised a
little on one side of the extremity furthest from the strand.

248. Paniscus lineatus, Brul.

Paniscus lineatus, Brulle", Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 1846, p. 157 ( $ ).

5 . A red species. Head with the orbits flavous, the face and
external orbits subflavescent, and the vertex black. Thorax
with the mesonotum subtrilobed, the lobes not very distinct and
each bearing an indeterminate brunneous line ; metathorax
discally finely trans-striate, with the apophyses inconspicuous.
Wings with the nervures of their basal half piceous, becoming
rufescent apically ; areolet externally pellucid, with its outer angle
not or hardly acute.

Length 20 ruillim. ; length of terebra 3 millim.

BENGAL (Duvaucel, teste Brulle).

It is said to resemble the same author's P. productus, P. melan-
opus, and P. rufus, from which it may be known by the areolet
being neither minute nor apically acute.

I have seen no specimens that I can attribute to this very
indefinite species, the mesonotal coloration of which resembles
that of Parabatus virgatus, Fourc.

249. Paniscus testaceus, Grav .

Ichneumon htteus, Rossi (nee Linn.), Faun. Etrusc. ii, 1790, p. 51 ,-
Jurine, Nouv. M6th. Class., Hym. ii, 1807, p. 2 ( $ ).

Paniscus testaceus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Europ, iii, 1829, p. 626 ;
Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forst. i, p. 100 ; ii, p. 80 ; iii, p. 81 ; Holm-
gren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1854, p. 22 ; op, cit. 1858, p. 32 ; Brischke,
Schr. Nat. Ges. Dauz. 1880, p. 138; Bridgruan & Fitch, Entom.
1885, p. 13 ; Brauns, Arch. Nat. Mecklenb. 1889, p. 84 ; Koku-
jew, Horse Soc. Ent. Ross. 1899, p. 134 ( rf $ ).

Ophion testacevs, Lucas, Explor. Alge"r., Zool. iii, 1840, p. 326.

Paniscus lonyitarsis, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 108 (tf) ;
cf. Entom. 1907, p. 8.

A fulvous or testaceous species with the face and the apex of
the coarsely strigose metanotum flavous. Head flavous ; face with
short infuscate, and the clypeus with much longer blackish,
pilosity ; epistoma circularly subprominent ; mandibles with
elongate pilosity, basally rufescent and apically black ; palpi
stramineous, elongate, and with white hairs ; ocellar region black
and the frons centraUy rufescent, with its apical sulcus, and
another above each scrobe, deeply impressed. Antenna ferruginous

PANISCUS. 353

or testaceous, dark only at their apices. Thorax ferruginous,
subflavidous laterally ; mesonotum basally deplariate, with a con-
spicuous central lobe ; meta-
thorax coarsely trans-acicu-
late and apically flavidous
with curved lateral carinae
at its apical third; its basal
depression entire, centrally
broad and laterally con-
stricted ; petiolar area basal-
ly carinate. Scutellum close-
ly and very finely punctate,
stoutly margined laterally
and more narrowly at its
depressed apex ; postscutel-
lum broadly impressed
basally, elevated and sharply
carinate centrally, with the
Fig. 99.— Paniscus testaceus, Gray. apical margin depressed.

Abdomen ferruginous, not

or hardly darker apically; terebra as long as basal segment.
Leys concolorous with the thorax ; hind tibiae and tarsi paler,
with dense white pubescence; hind tarsi longer than usual,
compared with the tibial length. Wings clear hyaline ; stigma
fulvous ; nervures blackish ; areolet oblique, narrow and sharply
triangular above.

Lenyili 16-22 milliin.

PUNJAB : Matiana, 8000 ft., Simla Hills, iv. 07 (N. Annandale);
UNITED PROVINCES: Sahelwa, Bahraich district, iii. 09 (Ind.
Mus.) ; SIKKIM (Knyvett— Ind. Mus.) ; ASSAM : Khasi Hills (type
of P. longitarsis, Cam.), Shilloug (Rowland Turner), Sibsagar
(S. E. Peal— Ind. Mus.), Margherita (Ind. Mus.); BENGAL:
Dacca, Pusa, and Patna (Pusa coll.), Katihar, Purneah district
(C. A. Paiva — Ind. Mus.) ; BOMBAY : Bombay, vii. 72 (D. Serra) •
MADRAS: Bangalore (Ind. Mus.); BUKMA : Karen Hills, 3000-
3700 ft. (L. Pea). MALAY STATES: Penang (Dr. Cantor).
EUROPE; NORTH AFRICA.

Differs from P. interstitialis in the sessile areolet and from both
that species and P. ferrugineus in the strongly trans-strigose reti-
culate metanotum. I have no hesitation in synonymising these
species, since I have had the opportunity of examining fifty
examples captured in India, which agree entirely with the
common European form ; the only discrepancy is in Cameron's
description, given above, and relates to the length of the scutellar
lateral carinae, but in the long series I have seen this is a very
variable feature : the base alone or the whole of the side margins
may be carinate. One very remarkable female in the Pusa
collection has the areolet aborted, and it is obvious that the chitin
that normally goes to make the submarginal nervures has run riot

2 A

354 ICHKEUMONIDJB.

in such a manner that in place of an areolet both wings bear
ferruginous spots.

I have seen one male bred at Pusa, 9. xi. 06, from the larva of a
Noctuid moth, Prodenia litura, F. There is a long series of this
species in the Pusa collection taken during the first seven months
of the year and in October, though by far the greater number
occurred in March and April.

In Europe it is distributed from Scandinavia to Northern Africa
and is an abundant species in Britain ; it has been bred from a
great number of hosts, representing nearly every division of the
Macrolepidoptera, as well as, I think doubtfully, from three or
four species of the larger TENIHEEDINID^E.

250. Paniscus quadrilineatus, Smith.

Paniscus (]uadrilineat,us, Smith, Sclent. Res. 2nd Yarkand Mission,
1878, Hym. p. 21 ; C. O. Water-house, Aid Ident. Ins. 1885,
pi. clxii, fig. 2 ( $ ).

$ . A red species, with the head paler and the mesonotum
bearing four flavidous lines. Head flavous with the occiput
fulvidous, eyes and ocelli black. Antenna fulvidous. Thorax
concolorous, glabrous and nitidulous ; two cl'scal mesonotal vittae,
and another on either side, flavidous. Scutellum triangular with
its sides elevated. Abdomen ferruginous-red, darker than the
thorax, becoming fusco-ferruginous apically. Legs fulvidous.
Wings hyaline and iridescent, with the nervures ferruginous and
stigma flavous.

Lenyth 15 millim.

CHINESE TURKESTAK : Yarkand.

The intensity of the flavous marks and the clarity of the
abdominal rufescence are said by Smith to vary. Mr. Chas. ().
Waterhouse tells me that the type was sent by 1 he British Museum
authorities to Calcutta. His figure (loc. cit.) shows that the basal
nervure is not continuous through the median, and the stigma is
flavous.

I here place (for lack of a better position) a female in the
Calcutta Museum, captured at Margherita in Assam ; it agrees
very well with Fred. Smith's description, so far as that extends,
and especially in the mesonotal coloration, but the stigma, which
is unusually conspicuous, is deep fulvous, not flavous, and the
terebra is as long as the basal segment ; the specimen is remarkable
and differs from any species of this genus, known to me, in the
extremely small areolet, which is elongately petiolate.

251. Paniscus renovatus, nom. nov.

Paniscus unicolor, Smith (nee Smith, 1H74), Scient. Res. 2nd
Yarkand Mission, 1878, Hym. p. 21 ( $).

There is really little use in perpetuating this " species," since
Smith's description would equally well apply to many species.

PANISCUS. 355

Ferruginous ; head with the eyes, ocelli and apices of antennae
infuscate ; abdomen falcate, glabrous and nitidulous ; tarsal claws
black ; wings hyaline and iridescent, with the costa and stigma pale
ferruginous, nervures ferruginous, areolet oblique and triangular.

Length 11 millim.

PUXJAB : Murree (Dr. Stoliczka).

The type was in poor condition, and was not figured by
Waterhouse.

252. Paniscus orientalis, Cam.

Paniscus orientalis, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 126 ( $ ),

§ . A red and almost immaculate species. Head with the orbits^
narrowly pale flavous and the ocellar region black ; face strongly
and closely, clypeus sparsely, punctate, with the latter broadly
rounded apically. Antenncp. dark red, becoming subinfuscate
apically. Thorax with mesonotum subglabrous and but very
finely punctate, notauli distinct onlj7 on the apical two-thirds ;
metanotum closely and strongly trans -striate, with the base
glabrous ; pleurae closely and distinctly punctate, much more
stronglv than the mesonotum, with the pro- and meso-pleurse
closely, distinctly, and obliquely striate below. Scutellum more
strongly punctate than the mesonotum, with lateral carinse stout
and not coalescing apically. Abdomen immaculate. Leys red,
with the tarsal setae elongate. Wings hyaline, with the stigma
testaceous and the nervures black ; second recurrent nervure
unisinuate ; nervelet wanting ; nerveilus intercepted slightly above
its centre.

Length 13 millim.

BOMBAY : Belgaum, ix. 10 (N. B. Kinnear) ; CEYLOJST : Punda-
luoya (E. E. Green, type).

Similar to, though larger than, P. intermedium and differing
therefrom in its deeper rufescent coloration, nerveilus intercepted
nearer its centre, scutellar carinae not apically coalescent, vertex
broader and less obliquely constricted posteriorly, and in the
metapleural carinae being much more broadly developed, especially
basally.

I have seen two specimens in the Calcutta Museum, from
Knyvett's Sikkim collection, which may belong to this species, but
Cameron's description is so featureless and the presumptive
representatives in so bad a condition that it is impossible to
reconcile them with any degree of certainty.

253. Paniscus flavolineatus, Cam.

Paropheltesftdvolmeatus, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1907, p. Ill ($).

£ . A flavescent luteous species, with centrally broad abdomen.
Head, except occiput and temples, flavous; upper mandibalar

2t A 2i

350

tooth elongate, the lower indistinct and subapical ; clypeus
strongly and determinately discrete, broad and apically truncate ;
•eyes large, internally emarginate and parallel ; cheeks wanting ;
temples distinct and posteriorly rounded ; occiput transverse, with
the ocelli large and not contiguous to the eyes. Antennce pale,
with the third joint longer than fourth, the first flagellar but
slightly longer than the scape. Thorax very finely but distinctly
punctate, nitidulous and testaceous-red, with the prothorax
apically, two broad mesouotal vittae, callosities beneath radix, a
broadly curved mark on mesopleurae, metapleurae apically and
below, flavous ; notauli obsolete and very short ; metanotuin
glabrous, with no carinae, spiracles elongate. Scittellum broadly
flavous and emarginate laterally. Abdomen testaceous-red and
somewhat dilated centrally, with the third and the compressed
following segments infuscate ; the two basal gradually somewhat
widened throughout and glabrous, with no sulcus and their
spiracles inconspicuous ; terebra blackish and shorter than the
basal segment. Legs immaculate testaceous, with the claws
closely and elongately pectinate. Wings clear hyaline and irides-
cent ; stigma and costa stramineous ; areolet oblique and triangular;
recurrent nervure fenestrate, and continuous with the external
submarginal ; internal cubital broadly curved, with indications of
the nervelet beyond its centre ; lower basal emitted distinctly
beyond upper basal ; nervellus postfurcal and intercepted very
•distinctly above its centre.

Length 9 millim.

PtJKJAB: Ferozpur, iii. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

So far from representing a new genus, the type is extremely
closely allied to Paniscus fuscicomis, Holmg., and especially to
P. brachycerus, Thorns., but is larger, with conspicuous flavescent
markings ; Cameron has been led into error by entirely over-
looking the strong and very obvious tarsal pectination. He adds
that " from the large size of the eyes and more particularly of the
ocelli and from the pale coloration I have no doubt that the
species is nocturnal."

.254. Paniscus montanus, Cam.

Paniscus montanus, Cameron,* J ourn. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1906,

p. 291 ($).
Paniscus kashmirensis, Cameron,* op. at. p. 292 ( $ ).

cJ $ . A red species. Head with the orbits broadly, face, the
basally discrete clypeus and basal half of mandibles, flavous ;
ocellar region black ; upper half of face broadly longitudinally
sulcate, its centre distinctly and broadly prominent. Thorax:
metanotum closely and strongly trans-striate, its apical declivity
glabrous and basally striate, with stout lateral cnrinae which

PANISCUS. — PA.ttABA.TTTS. 357'

approximate basal ly ; basal metauotal impression narrow, curved
and glabrous ; pro- and meso-pleurae closely and finely punctate ;
metapleurse closely and obliquely striate, with tbe spiracular areas,
except at their base, more strongly and obliquely striate ; basal
half of metasternal carina roundly broadened, and marked above
by a few transverse carinee. Wings hyaline, with the costa and
stigma testaceous, nervures black; submarginal nervures sub-
coalescent in front, the external broadly fenestrate below and
there almost continuous with the second recurrent, which is thence-
abruptly and broadly curved outward ; nervelet minute.

Length 14-17 inillim.

KASHMIR, 5000-6000 ft., v. 05 (Col Nurse); MADRAS: Banga-
lore (Ind. Mus.).

Type 5 in Col. Nurse's collection, also that of kashmirensis.

P. testaceus " is paler, more yellowish in colour, the striation on
the metapleurae and spiracular region is much weaker and may be
almost obsolete, the apex of the metanotum is irregularly striated,
not smooth ; the face wants the longitudinal furrow " (Cameron).

Unfortunately Cameron has entirely overlooked the peculiar
feature of this species, which is its very remarkably elongate
and acuminate central labral spine ; this is as long as the
unusually exserted labrum, which in turn is hardly shorter than
the elypeus. In other respects it might easily be confused with
P. testaceus, with which its facies exactly corresponds.

Cameron has been at some trouble to differentiate P. kaslimir-
ensis, but his distinctions are certainly not specific, especially
since the labral structure is identical ; the separation of the
clypeus and basal metanotal impression are also identical,
arid the petiolar lateral carinse are traceable in both, though
stronger in P. montanus • the nervelet is also but slightly more
developed ; the fenestrae of the second recurrent are identical and
the nervelet from it, mentioned by him, is entirely adventitious
and exists in one wing only ; such plastic features as the
epistomal sulcus and the density of the metanotal sculpture are
of little value in such unstable insects as are those of the present
genus.

Genus PARABATUS, Thorns.
Parabatus, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xii, 1888, p. 150.
GENOTYPE, Ichneumon virgatus, .Fourc.

This genus is little more than a subdivision of Paniscus and bears
the same facies. Therefrom it is at once recognised by the upper
and lower basal nervures being continuous through the median,
the genal and occipital carinse being entirely wanting and the
terebra often subconcealed.

Range. Cosmopolitan.

358 ICHNEUMONID.K.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Nervellua of hind wing intercepted distinctly

above centre ...... ...................... virgatus, Fourc.

2 (1) Nervellus intercepted at its centre ............ amplus, Mori.

255. Parabatus virgatus, Fourc.

Ichneumon virgatus, Fourcroy, Entom. Paris, ii, 1785, p. 401;

de Villers, Linn. Ent. iii, 1789, p. 204.
Ophion virgatum, Gravenhorst, Nov. Act. Acad. Nat. Curios. 1818,

p. 295.
Paniscus virgatus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 625 ; Newport,

Trans. Linn. Soc. xxi, 1852, p. 71, pi. viii, tigs. 13-19 : Holmgren,

Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, p. 32 ; Bridgman & Fitch, Entoni. 1885, p. 13

Parabatus virgatus, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xii, 1888, p. 1 197 ; Brauns,
Arch. Nat. Meckl. 1889, p. 80; Bridgman, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889,
p. 420; Kokujew, Horae Soc. Ent. Boss. 1899, p. 136, note ( 3 $).

Paniscus interst'itialis, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 106 (? tf ).

c? $ . A pale red species, with the head flavous and the ineso-
notum often more or less infuscate. Head pale, with the palpi
and mandibles rufescent, and the teeth of the latter black ; face
closely but not strongly punctate, and, like the clypeus, with
short white hairs ; apex of clypeus with long ferruginous hairs ;
vertex blackish only between the basal ocelli. Antenna elongate,
unicolorous red and very sparsely pilose. Thorax pale ; meso-
noturn sometimes infuscate, with the central, or all three, lobes
dark, but the notauli always pale ; metathorax convexly deplanate
basally, its apex centrally elevated, its sides slightly depressed and
bordered posteriorly by a stout and curved carina; metanotum
not distinctly trans-aciculate ; all the pleura smooth, shining and
flavescent, with the metapleural sulcus broad and deeply impressed :
mesosternum sometimes deep black. Scutellum ferruginous and
often laterally paler ; postscutellum roundly oblique at both ex-
tremities. Abdomen testaceous and not strongly constricted at
the base, often subiufuscate apically. Legs rufescent ; coxae, tro-
chanters and hind tibiae stramineous in <5 . Wings clear hyaline,
with the costa and stigma flavidous ; nervures basally black, be-
coming paler apically ; areolet oblique, narrow, subelongate, and
shortly but distinctly petiolate, with its outer nervure pellucid
throughout its lower half; second recurrent nervure continuous
with outer nervure of areolet, pellucid to its extreme base, as well
as below its centre, and very strongly curved outwardly through-
out ; basal nervure continuous through the median ; nervelet
wanting; nervellus intercepted at its upper third or fourth.

Length 10-14 inillim.

PUNJAB: Simla, 7000 ft., iv.07 (Ind. Mus.); SIKKIM: Kur-
seong, 6000 ft., v. 09, and Gangtok, 6150 ft., ix. 09 (Ind. Mus.) ;
ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Rothney). EUROPE.

This is a very abundant species throughout the Palaearctic
region, and it had already been recorded from the Oriental by

PARABATUS. — TETIIAGOXALYS. 359

Kokujew in his ' Hymenoptera Asiatica Nova,' when Cameron
described it as new from Assam. I have no hesitation in
synonymising his name, since the description he gives differs in no
way from that of P. virgatus, auctt. It has frequently been bred,
always from Lepidoptera, and its hosts comprise many kinds of
Bornbycids, Noctuids, and G-eometrids (cf. Bridgman & Mtch, /. c.).
The Oriental specimens differ in no way from those taken in
Britain.

25(5. Parabatus amplus, Mori.

Farabatus amplus, Morley, Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 131.

d1 $ . A somewhat stout, red species, with che wings flavescent

and very ample, the thorax
entirely subinfuscate and
the second recurrent ner-
vure straight.

Length 15-19 millim.

TIBET : Yatung, 4500 ft.
(A. E. ffobson, type) ; SIK-
KIM (Knyvett — Ind. Mus.).

Type in the British
Museum.

Too closely allied to the
preceding species to de-

mand a detailed descrip-
F,g. WO.-Parabatu* a,nPlus, Mori. ^ ^ ^ ^ recogai8eFd

therefrom by its larger size

and wings, which are strongly flavescent and peculiarly ample,
with the recurrent nervure hardly at all curved, the upper basal
much less curved and the lower basal emitted very slightly before,
in place of very slightly beyond, the upper, as is the case in
P. virgatus; the metathorax is more deplanate and the nervellus
intercepted in its centre. Similar to P. gansuanus, Kok., from
China, but with the metathoracic costae strong, and the stigma red
and of normal breadth.

Genus TETRAGONALYS, Mori

Tetragonalys, Morley, Ilev. Ichn. Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 132.
G-EKOTYPB, T. barbarica, Mori.

Head strongly constricted behind the internally parallel and
(next the scrobes) strongly emarginate eyes, which are hardly
broader than the thorax ; clypeus subconvex, discrete basally, and
apically margined and very broadly rounded; mandibles stout,
with the apical teeth of equal length; palpal joints elongate and
cylindrical ; frons strongly deplanate below the prominent ocelli,
which are laterally contiguous to the eyes ; vertex very narrow
and basally bordered throughout. Antennae as long as the body,
filiform and apically subattenuate. Thorax not very stout, sub-

360 ICHNEUMOXID.E.

glabrous and strongly nitidulous, with obsolete notauli ; inetanotal
areas usually complete, with the areola hexagonal and not longer
than broad, apically truncate, emitting distinct costulaa near its
base ; basal area very narrow and parallel-sided ; petiolar area
strongly discrete ; spiracles elongate-oval. Scutellum convex,
glabrous, nitidulous, and immarginate. Abdomen half as long
again as head and thorax, glabrous, becoming compressed and
subpiiose from centre of the third segment ; basal segment sub-
linear, with central, very prominent disco-lateral spiracles ; second
but slightly shorter, nearly twice as long as broad, with prominent
spiracles before its centre; third with subceutral and less pro-
tuberant spiracles ; anus compressed, with distinctly exserted
styles. Legs slender and subelongate, with the inner claw only of
each tarsus closely pectinate. Wings hyaline and very ample ;
basal nervure antefurcal (i. e., the upper basal intercepts the
median nervure distinctly beyond the lower basal) ; discoidal ner-
vure strongly curved with no nervelet ; anal emitted from centre
of brachial cell ; areolet not small, obliquely subquadrate and very
shortly but distinctly petiolate ; basal not longer than half the
sinuate apical abscissa of the radius ; nervellus intercepted belo\v
its centre and curved above.

Mange. Himalayas.

In its remarkable subquadrate areolet and anal styles this
genus appears to fill an evident gap in our system, between the
MESOCHORIDES and the remainder of the OPHIOXIX^E ; its affinities,
however, are entirely with the PAXISCIDES.

257. Tetragonalys barbarica, Mori.

Tetrayonalys barbarica, Morley, loc. cit.

<J. A somewhat large and brightly nitidulous testaceous species,
with only the head (except the mouth), a dot behind the tegulse,

Fig. 101. — Tetragonalys barbarica, Mori.

and the tarsal claws, black ; pronotum and stigma stramineous
anal styles as long as second hind tarsal joint.
Length 14 millim.

PARCA. 361

TIBET : Gyangtse, vi. 04 (//. J. Walton).
Type in the British Museum.
Described from a single specimen.

Genus PARCA, Mori.
Parca, Morley, Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 133.

GENOTYPE, P. ocularia, Mori.

Head very strongly transverse, broader than the thorax, with
the unusually prominent eyes very remote from the extremely
small and closely contiguous ocelli ; vertex acute ; frons and face
strongly deplanate and subglabrous ; clypeus basally discrete,
apically margined and subtruncate ; mandibles apically unidentate
and obtuse ; palpi very slender. Antennae setaceous and hardly
longer than the body ; scape broader than long and very broadly
excised apically. Thorax subglabrous and strongly nitidulous,
with the notauli very deeply impressed, transversely crenulate, and
discally coalescent ; metanotum with a strong and entire central,
and lateral traces of a petiolar, transverse carina ; spiracles elon-
gate-oval and large; sternauli deeply impressed. Scutellum not
longer than basally broad, nor convex, with its sides entirely
immarginate. Abdomen sublinear, riot at all compressed and very
finely shagreened from centre of second segment ; basal segment
glabrous and very little widened apically, with the somewhat pro-
minent spiracles hardly before its centre ; thyridii subdorsal and
remote from base of second segment ; terebra as long as basal
segment. Legs elongate and slender ; intermediate tibise with the
two calcaria equal ; claws small and not at all pectinate. Wings
not ample, hyaline ; areolet entirely wanting ; both abscissae of
radius straight ; second recurrent nervure emitted only slightly
beyond the very slightly curved internal cubital ; submargmal
nervure obsolete ; nervelet wanting ; upper basal nervure emitted
from the median distinctly further from the base of the wing than
the lower basal ; nervellus strongly postfurcal and intercepted but
slightly above its centre.

Range. Ceylon.

Its deplanate abdomen, subcentral petiolar spiracles, entire lack
of an areolet, basally straight external radial abscissa, simple claws,
small ocelli and protuberant eyes, render this genus very remark-
able. It is probably most closely related to Opheltoideus, Ashm.
(Proc. U.S. Mat. Mus. 1900, p. 95), which is the only genus of
this tribe with no areolet and contains but a single MS. species,
without locality ; but the present genus is very different in the
conformation of the scutellum, which is not unusually convex and
margined neither at base nor apex.

258. Parca ocularia, Mori.

Parca ocularia, M orley, loc. cit.
§ . A strongly nitidulous, slender and testaceous species with

362 ICHJfEUMOXIDJE.

only the eyes, ocelli, mandibular apices, flagellum, terebral valvulac,
hind tarsi, stigma aud costa, black ; anus and the hind femora and
tibia? subinfuscate ; inetanotum glabrous, mesopleura? punctate.

Length 11 inillim.

CEYLON : Kandy, vi. and ix. 09 (E. E. Green, 0. S. Wicfovar).

Type in the author's collection.

Fig. 102. — Puna ocularia, Mori.

Tribe OPUWNIDES.

This tribe consists of large red insects, with strongly elongate
antenna? and legs; throughout Europe they are among the best
known of all ICUXEUMONID^ on account of their frequent attraction
to light after dark. Their discrimination from the rest of the
OPIIIONIXJS is rendered extremely simple by the fact that the second
recurrent nervure is emitted from the cubitus distinctly before
the submarginal, a feature shared only by the NOTOTBACHIDES,
in which the antennae are peculiarly short and the intermediate
tibia? have but a single calcar. One or two genera of the ANOMA-
LIDES have the second recurrent and submarginal continuous
through the cubitus, but never with the submarginal postfurcal :
moreover their tarsi are broad and the metathorax produced.

The species of Henicospilus are entirely cosmopolitan in their
range, but Ophion is somewhat more restricted, though very wide-
spread. 8chmiedeknecnt, remarks (Opusc. Ichn.) that he lias taken
numerous specimens of both genera in Java, but failed to find any
sharp structural or coloratioual distinctions between theui and the
European forms; he very truly adds that the distinctions are so
elusive that unconnected descriptions of single specimens, such as
are brought forward by Cameron, in scattered periodicals, only tend
to augment the difficulty of monographing the group.

The Indian species of Ophion appear few in individuals : but a
single specimen has, to the best of my knowledge, been taken with

OPHION. 363

any certainty in Ceylon, and the species are recorded mainly from
Assam and the extreme north-west, where so many Palaearctic
Ichneumonids have recently been discovered. In the somewhat
extensive collection 'from Pusa there is not a single Oplrion, its
place being apparently taken by the closely allied Henicospilus ;
while, on the other hand, Col. Nurse failed to capture a single
Henicospilus about Simla, Quetta or in Kashmir, where Opliion is
frequent.

In their habits these insects are almost exclusively nocturnal,
though they may be disturbed among undergrowth by day and will
then career away on the wind at a great pace, much in the manner
of the Crane Plies (Tipula); they come freely to artificial light in
houses and have not uncommonly been captured by lepidopterists
on "sugar"; they are nearly omnivorous among Lepidoptera
and may often be bred from their own chitinous and cylindrical
cocoons, spun within their hosts' pupae. (For a fuller account of
this tribe, cf. my " Eevis. Ichn. Brit. Mus." 1912.)

Table of Genera.

1 (4) First cubital cell normally setiferous

throughout.

2 (3) Radial nervure not basally incrassate. . OPHION, F., p. 363.

3 (2) Radial nervure more or less incrassate

basally PLEURONEUROPHION,

4 (1) First cubital cell with a large glabrous [Ashm., p. 372.

area below the radius,
o (8) Glabrous alar area with no corneous

marks. [Thorns., p. 373.

6 (7) Mandibles vertical; body very stout. . ALLOCAMPTUS,

7 (6) Mandibles horizontal j body very

slender ". STAUROPODOCTONUS,

8 (5) Glabrous alar area with one or more [Bros., p. 375.

corneous marks. [p- 378.

9 (10) Mandibles horizontal ; size very large . ORIKNTOSPILUS, Mori.,
10 (9) Mandibles vertical ; size normal HENICOSPILUS, Steph.,

Genus OPHION, Fab.
Ophion, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., Suppl. 1798, p. 210.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon luteus, L.

A genus of large and slender red insects, with no alar areolet
and the second recurrent nervure emitted from the first cubital
cell, which is uniformly setiferous and bears no corneous marks.
Head short and transverse, rounded posteriorly; clypeus basally
indistinctly discrete and apically truncate, with distinct lateral
foveae ; labrum subprominent ; eyes internally emarginate, and
ocelli very large. AntennsB navidous red and not shorter than the
body, filiform, very slender and apically subattenuate. Mesonotum

364

glabrous, with distinct notauli ; metanotura usually with two
transverse carinae, sometimes centrally obsolete, and rarely with
the discal area? entire. Scutellum, at least basally, carinate at the
sides. Abdomen strongly compressed, petiolate, with the basal
segment narrow and its spiracles beyond the centre ; second seg-
ment shorter, with deeply impressed thyridii ; terebra shortly
exserted. Legs elongate and slender, with the tarsi often paler.
Wings ample, with the basal and discoidal nervures distinctly
convergent ; first cubital geniculate below, usually with a distinct
nervelet ; parallel nervure emitted above ; nervellus intercepted at
or below its centre ; tirst abscissa of radius basally curved and
longer than the recurrent nervure in hind wing.

Range. World-wide.

One or two species, described by the older authors under this
generic name, are still treated of here, though their true position,
at present unknown, is certainly elsewhere.

Table of Speties.

1 (20) Thorax and head not entirely black.
•2 (19) Antennae not entirely black."

3 (10) Second recurrent nervure not emitted

opposite apex of basal radial abscissa.

4 (9) Second recurrent emitted before apex

of basal radial abscissa.

5 (8) Petiolar area not laterally cariuate ;

length over 15 millim.

6 (7) Apophyses normal, not elongate .... luteus, L., p. 365.

7 (6) Apophyses both acute and elongate . . dentatus, Smith, p. 360.

8 (5) Petiolar area entire^and discrete ; length

under lf> millim areolatus, Cam., p. 366.

9 (4) Second recurrent emitted beyond apex [p. 367.

of basal radial abscissa bicarinatus, Cam.,

10 (3) Second recurrent emitted opposite apex

of basal radial abscissa.

11 (16) Head posteriorly normal.

12 (13) Basal nervure con tinuous ; inner cubital

basally straight carinatus, Cam., p. 368.

13 (12) Basal nervure not continuous ; internal

cubital nervure basally curved.

14 (15) Mesonotum not infuscate ; scutellum

basally carinate aaiaticus, Kok., p. 3G9.

15 (14) Mesonotum discally infuscate ; scu- [p. 369.

tellum not carinate fuscomaculatus, Cam.,

16 (11) Head posteriorly buccate.

17 (18) Head, thorax and abdomen broadly [p. 370.

white-marked albopictus, Smith,

18 (17) Head, thorax and abdomen not white-

marked j«eWrt«wz'«,Cam.,p.371.

19 (2) Antennae entirely black yenerator, F., p. 371.

20 (1) Thorax and head entirely black trianyularemaculatux,

[Mots., p. 372.

It is hoped that the above table will be found of use in the

OPHION. 365

•elucidation of our species, though the difficulty of finding constant
characters in those of this genus has always been acknowledged,
and has been by no means minimised by recent authors. Cameron's
descriptions are none too explicit ; Smith's are inadequate ; and
the old species of Motschulsky and especially of Fabricius are
nowadays altogether unintelligible, and very probably assignable
to other genera.

259. Ophion luteus, L.

Ichneumon luteus, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 1758, p. 566; Ber-
keiiout, Outl. Nat. Hist. Brit, i, 1769, p. 166 ; Fabricius, Syst. Ent,
1775, p. 341 ; id. Sp. Ins. i, p. 435 ; id. Mant. Ins. i, p. 268 ; id.
Ent. Syst. ii, p. 178 ; Fourcroy, Ent. Paris, ii, 1785, p, 400.

Ichneumon vinulce, Scopoli, Ent. Cam. 1763, p. 286 ; Christ, Naturg.
Ins. 1791, p. 367.

Ichneumon fulvus, Iletzius, Gen. Spp. Ins. 1783, p. 68.

Ophion luteus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., Suppl. 1798, p. 235 ; id. Syst.
Piez. 1804, p. 130 : Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 692 ;
Ratzeburg, Ichn. d. Forst. i, p. 102 ; ii, p. 79 ; iii, p. 80 ; Holmgren,
Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, p. 12 ; Vollenhoven, Pinac. pl.xxviii, fig. 1 ;
Bridgman & Fitch, Entom. 1884, p. 178; Thomson, Opusc. Ent.
xii, 1888, p. 1190; Brauns, Arr.h. Nat. Meckl. 1889, p. 90 (rf ? ).

Joppa lutea, Panzer, Krit. Revis. ii, 1806, p. 66.

Ophion vinulce, Dale, Ann. Nat. Hist, vii, 1844, p. 60.

<5 5 . A somewhat large, testaceous-red and nitidulous species.
Head distinctly constricted posteriorly ; orbits broadly flavescent,
ocelli subcontiguous to the eyes, cheeks short. Thorax without

distinct flavous markings ;
rnetathorax with the ante-
rior transverse carina very
distinct, the posterior some
what strong laterally but
centrally obsolete and there
traversed by two longitu-
dinal carinae which approach
the anterior carina. Abdo-
men sometimes apically in-
fuscate ; basal segment not
constricted centrally, the
postpetiole not very dis-
tinctly discrete ; second dis-
tinctly impressed at thyridii,
Fig. 103.— Ophion Infcus, L. with its lateral spiracles not

prominent. Legs with tibial

oalcaria of unequal length. Wings with stigma testaceous and
nervures black ; nervelet usually elongate ; basal nervure not quite
continuous through median, and the nervellus intercepted at its
centre.

Length 15-20 millirn.

TIBET: G-yangtse, 13,000 ft., vi. 04 (H. J. Walton); PUNJAB;

3(56 ICHNET7MONID.B.

Simla, 7000 ft., v. 07 (N. Annandale} ; SIKKIM (Knyvett— Ind.

MUS.). EUEOPE. TURKESTAX.

The coloration of this species is liable to considerable variation,
more especially as regards the paler and often flavescent mark-
ings ; such plastic features as the metathoracic carinae, scutellar
margins and length of the nervelet are also inconstant.

This is one of the most prevalent of all ICHXEUMOXID.E through-
out nearly the whole of Europe, but has not hitherto been known
to extend further east; it very frequently flies into houses to
artificial light, is found on " sugar " by lepidopterists, and may
frequently be remarked flving with an uneven undulatory motion
about hedges and in woods. A very long list of hosts has been
assigned to it by Bridgman and Fitch (loc. cit.\ which has been
extended by later authors ; its parasitism is confined to Lepi-
doptera, and is practised almost exclusively among the Bombycid
and Noctuid moths.

260. Ophion dentatus, Smith.

Ophion dentatus, Smith, Scient. Res. 2nd Yarkand Mission, 1878,
Hym. p. 22; C. O. Waterhouse, Aid Ident. Ins. xxv, 1885,
pi. clxii,fig.3($).

$ . A red or pale ferruginous species, with the metathorax
coarsely trans-strigose and laterally spinose. Head with the eyes,
ocelli and apices of the mandibles, black. Tliorax with the
mesonotum smooth and nitidulons ; metathorax with two arcuate
transverse carinre, the apical at the base of the petiolar area and
laterally produced into acute apophyses. Abdomen falcate, glabrous
and shining, with fine and short silky pubescence. Wings hyaline
and iridescent.

Length 17 millim.

KASHMIR: Sind Valley (Dr.Stoliczka, type); SIKKIM (Knyvett—
Ind. Mus.).

Waterhouse s figure is too rough to assist in determining the
position of this species to any material extent, though the alar
neuration as there indicated shows the second recurrent to be
emitted before the apex of the basal radial abscissa, which allies it
with 0. luteus, but the apophyses render it sufficiently distinct.

I have seen a male, captured in Sikkim, which differs from
Opliion luteus, L., only in its slightly more prominent apophyses.

261. Ophion areolatus, Cam.

Ophion areolatus, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 101 (?c?).

d . General colour testaceous-red. Head not constricted pos-
teriorly ; orbits broadly and the vertex pale flavous, occiput and
the finely punctate face yellowish ferruginous ; clypeus finely and
distinctly punctate, basally discrete, with deep and oblique lateral
sulci ; mandibles glabrous, centrally punctate, basally flavous, with

OPHIOK. 367

the teeth black. Thorax laterally flavous ; notauli broad and
deeply impressed ; metanotuin basally with a broad, deep and
semicircular impression, beyond " this is a transverse keel, from
which run two stouter keels to the apex ; from the middle of
these runs a stout, curved keel to the middle of the base of the
petiole; there being inside this an oblique keel; the whole
forming a central and two lateral areae"; pleuree nitidulous and
impunctate, with a broad and deep central mesopleural impression,
and thence obliquely sulcate to the hind coxae. Scutellum flavous
and glabrous, not laterally carinate ; postscutelluui distinctly cari-
nate basally, obliquely sloping to the gradually widened apex.
Abdomen immaculate. Legs flavous. Wings clear hyaline with
the stigma fulvous and nervures black ; basal nervure not con-
tinuous through the median ; second recurrent nervure emitted
distinctly before the apex of the basal radial abscissa, rendering
the apex of the cubital cell longer below than above.

Length 13-15 millim.

TIBET: Yatung; (A. E. Hobson); PUNJAB: Simla, iv. 07 (Col.
Nurse} ; ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney, type).

Type in the Oxford Musenm.

This is a distinct species, easily known from O. fuscomaculatus
by the apically areated metathorax, etc. Apparently allied to
0. mocsaryi, Brauns (Arch. Nat. Mecklenb. xliii, p. 89), though
with the arese apical and not discal.

I have seen a male referred to this species by Cameron, in
Col. Nurse's collection, differing from the original description,
given above, in having the orbits, vertex and mandibular base
immaculate; the metanotuin is scabrous and nitidulous with the
two longitudinal discal carinse apparent only at the apex ; the
" central and two lateral arese " represent the discrete petiolar
area and are not discal but apical, nor are they at all distinct ;
the scutellum is very finely punctate ; the abdomen subinfuscate
apically, its basal segment is remarkably constricted centrally
before the distinct postpetiole ; second segment with the thvridii
very deeply impressed, the third also basally constricted.

This species is said by Mr. E. P. Stebbing in his notes on
Indian insects (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. xvi, p. 684) to
be parasitic upon the Noctuid moth Acronycta major, Brem.
(atonoK&na, Butl.).

262. .Ophion bicarinatus, Cam.

Ophion bicarinatus, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 120 ($?).

5 . A dark red species, with the orbits broadly, face, scutellum
and pleura?, pale flavous. Head with the face very finely punctate,
and the clypeal fovese large and deeply impressed. Antennce pale
red. Thorax impunctate ; mesonotum with dark pubescence, the
notauli distinct and extending to its centre ; " the depression at
the base of the metanotum is deep, roundly narrowed towards the

368 ICHNEUMON'!!).!!.

apex ; its width at the base longer than the total length ; ... on
the apical slope of the metauotum, commencing at the transverse
keel, are two stout longitudinal keels ; the sides of the apical slope
are bordered by a stout waved keel, which extends to the base of
the hind coxae." Wings hyaline, with the costa and stigma
red, and the nervures darker ; recurrent nervure emitted twice
the length of the submarginal nervure beyond the apex of the
basal radial abscissa ; nervelet as long as the transverse cubital
nervure.

Length 21 millim.

CEYLON : Maskeliya (E. E. Green).

This species is said to be much larger than any of its congeners
known from India in 1905 ; to have the metanotal carinae as in
0. areolatus, which possesses the basal metanotal impression semi-
circular and not distinctly apically dilated, as in the present
species, which is also larger than 0. fuscomaculatus and readily
known therefrom by the second recurrent nervure not being
emitted opposite the end of the basal radial abscissa. The meso
notum is stated to be occasionally subinfuscate linearly. I have
not seen this species, which appears, with the exception of the
cubital venation, to correspond closely with Opliion luteus, L. : it
is the only species of the genus recorded with any certainty from
so far south as Ceylon.

263. Ophion carinatus, Cam.

Ophion carinatus, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1906,
p. 275 (?).

5 . A somewhat large, testaceous-red and nitidulous species.
Head very little constricted posteriorly ; orbits broadly flavescent,
ocelli subcontiguous to eyes, cheeks short. Thorax : metathorax
with the anterior transverse carina not at all distinct, the posterior
hardly obsolete centrally and thence emitting two longitudinal
cariuae to apex. Abdomen hardly darker and not infuscate
apically ; basal segment not constricted centrally, the post-
petiole not distinctly discrete ; second but little impressed at
the thyridii, with its lateral spiracles somewhat prominent and
very obvious from above. Legs with the tibial calcaria of un-
equal length. Wings with the stigma testaceous and nervures
black ; nervelet elongate ; basal nervure continuous through the
median, and the nervellus intercepted at its centre.

Length 17 millim.

BALUCHISTAN : Peshin, iv. 03 (Col. Nurse).

T>/pe in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species is most remarkably similar to 0. luteus, L., and
perhaps no more than a form of it. It differs, however, in having
the first cubital cell less acute apically, the internal cubital
nervure quite straight below the nervelet, and its apex, beyond
the recurrent nervure, exactly as long as the submarginal
nervure, whereas in 0. luteus it is basally curved below the

opiuoK. 369

nervelet and its apex, beyond the recurrent, is distinctly longer
than the subnaargiual; the radius, too, is apically more sinuate,
the nervellus less postfurcal, the head slightly broader posteriorly
and the basal nervure continuous through the median.

204. Ophion asiaticus, Kok.

Ophion asiaticus, Kokujew, Rev. Russe Entom. 1906, p. 167 ($ ).
Ophion petshinensis, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1906, p. 275 (?,as tf).

$ . A not very large, flavo-testaceous and nitidulous species.
Head somewhat broad posteriorly ; orbits broadly stramineous,
ocelli subcontiguous to the eyes, cheeks very short. Antennce
shorter than the body. Thorax : mesonotum smooth and
shining, with the notauli short and deeply impressed ; meta-
thorax with anterior transverse carina not very strong, the
posterior subobsolete, traces of two discal and apical longitudinal
cariiiJB. Scutellum very smooth and nitidulous, with its base
alone laterally carinate. Abdomen flavescent, with the second to
sixth segments dorsally testaceous and the anus not infuscate ;
basal segment subparallel-sided throughout, with its petiole pale
stramineous ; second segment basally constricted, with deeply
impressed thyridii, and the central spiracles but slightly pro-
minent. Leffs with the tibial calcaria of unequal length ; tarsi
finely spinulose and elongately pectinate. Wings with the
stigma rufescent and basally stramineous, and the nervures
black ; nervelet short ; basal nervure not quite continuous
through the median, and the uervellus intercepted at its centre.

Length 15-18 millim.

BALUCHISTAN: Peshin, iv. 03 (Col. Nurse, type); DECCAN
(Col. Sykes}. PERSIA. TBATTSCASPIA. TKANSCAUCASIA.

Type of 0. peshinensis in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species is said to be closely aUied to 0. obscurus^ Fab., but
with the antenn® shorter and stouter, the thorax more shining,
and the pale markings less profuse. The pale petiole will dis-
tinguish it from 0. carinatus, than which it is smaller and more
ochreous, with the internal cubital nervure distinctly a little
sinuate before the shorter nervelet ; the second segment is basally
more constricted and the metanotum smoother, though the con-
formation of the radial nervure, the nervellus and apex of the first
cubital ct41 is the same.

Cameron's type of 0. pesMnensis differs from Kokujew's
description in nothing but the subcontiguous ocelli, and I have
no hesitation in synonymising it therewith.

265. Ophion fuscomacnlatus, Cam.

Ophion fuscomactilatus, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 99 (?c?).

J $ . Head with face and clypeus not discrete, circularly
prominent centrally and ferruginous, becoming subflavidous at

2s

370 ICHNEUMOXIDJE.

the eyes ; occiput and external orbits pale flavous, with the
vertex darker and the mandibular teeth black. Antennas ferru-
ginous, becoming darker towards their apices. Thorax pale
fulvescent flavous ; mesonotum darker, with its central lobe
mainly infuscate and not distinctly discrete from the lateral;
metanotum with no transverse striae, but with a distinct central
transverse carina, whence two weaker c-arinae extend to the apex
and enclose a longitudinally aciculate petiolar area, or the
indistinct "depression in the middle at the base is broader than
its length, narrowed to a point in the middle at the apex and
longitudinally striated in the middle ; across the middle of the
median segment is a stout transverse keel, behind which, in the
centre, is a shallow depression ; the apex of the segment oblique,
the middle finely longitudinally striated " ; pleurae gLibrous and
nitidulous. Scutellum nitidulous, glabrous and pale flavous, with
its sides not carinate above; postscutellum distinctly convex,
apically obliquely sloping ; frenum striate. Abdomen ferru-
ginous, with the first segment basally paler. Leys concolorous
with the thorax. Wings hyaline, with the stigma fulvous and
the nervures black ; basal nervure not quite continuous through
the median; second recurrent nervure emitted opposite the apex
of the basal radial abscissa, rendering the abruptly triangular
apex of the first cubital ceil of equal length above and below.
Length 15 millim.
ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Roilmey).
Type in the Oxford Museum.

This species is said to agree with 0. univittati'.s, Brulle, in
bearing a brunneous mesonotal band ; but the metathorax is not
covered with fine and curved striae, etc., as in that species.

There is a large male of 22 millim. in the National Collection,
captured during July 1895 by G. C. Dudgeon, in Bhutan, which
agrees very well with this description, excepting that the abdomen
is black from the fourth segment : coloration is, however, known
to be inconstant in this genus. A female in the British Museum,
from Quetta, also seems to be referable to this species.

266. Ophion albopictus, Smith.

Op/iion albopictus, Smith, Scient. Res. 2nd Yarkand Mission, 187S,
Hym. p. 22; 0. O. Waterhouse, Aid Ident. Ins. pi. clxii,
fig. 4($).

5 . Head white with the mandibles rufescent, the eyes and
ocelli black. Antenna? red. Thorax rufescent, with two discal
mesonotal vittae, the lateral sutures and numerous pleural spots
below the wings white. Scutellum also white. Abdomen red,
with some pale whitish lateral spots towards the anus; two
basal ventral segments white. Wings hyaline and iridescent,
with the nervures ferruginous and the stigma pale red.

Length 13 millim.

KASHMIR (Dr. Stolicz/ca).

OPHION. 371

The rough figure in Waterhouse's 'Aid' shows the occiput
truncate, the head subbuccate and laterally subparallel behind the
eyes ; no pale markings are, however, indicated ; the " white "
scutellum is ochreous, and the three discal mesonotal vittae
entire and infuscate ; the terebra is not exhibited and the wings
are very ample.

This species appears to differ from 0. quettaensis in little but
its distinctive coloration.

267. OpMon quettaensis, Cam.

Opliion quettaensis, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1906, p. 275.

5 . A somewhat small, testaceous and nitidulous species, with
flavous markings. Head entirely stramineous, subbuccate and
posteriorly as broad and as long as the ey^s, from which the
black ocelli are remote ; cheeks somewhat short. Antennce not
longer than the body. Thorax : mesonotum laterally and discally
flavescent; metanotum strongly infuscate apically, with a very
strong anterior and obsolete posterior transverse carina, but no
longitudinal carinaa. Scutellum not laterally carinate. Abdomen
testaceous, with the sides of the dorsal segments below, and the
basal half of the first segment, flavescent ; anus not int'uscate ;
basal segment slightly but distinctly constricted a little beyond
its centre ; thyridii of second hardly impressed, its spiracles not
prominent, but the sides strongly margined throughout. Legs
with the tarsal claws nearly straight and elongately pectinate.
Wings with the stigma flavescent and the nervures black ; nervelet
short ; basal nervure not continuous through the median, and the
nervellus intercepted at its centre.

Length 12 mi Hi in.

BALUCHISTAN: Quetta, iv. 02 (Col. Nurse).

Tt/pe in Col. Nurse's collection.

At once recognised from all other species of this genus by the
peculiarly broad vertex (not noted by Cameron), which is almost
broader and no narrower longitudinally than the eyes, viewed
from above; the internal cubital nervure is a little curved before
the nervelet and its apical abscissa, beyond the recurrent nervure,
is as long as the submarginal.

I have taken the above description from the type, which
Cameron erroneously records from Peshin.

268. Ophion generator, F.

Ophion generator, Fabricius, Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 135 ; Olivier,

Encycl. M6tli., Ins. viii, 1811, p. 513.
Ichneumon r/enerator, Thunberg-, Me"m. Ac. Sc. P^tersb. 1822,

&259 ; id., M4m. Ac. Sc. Petersb. 1824, p. 307 ; cf. Vallot,
eni. Ac. Sc. Dijon, 1836, p. 244.

" Ophion flavus antennis nigris, alis hyalinis immaculatis. . . .

2B 2

372 ICHNEDMOSL1WE.

Reliquis minor. Caput totum flavum nntennis solis nigris. Ahr
totae hyalinae. Abdomen breve, trum-atum." (Fabricius.)

Olivier (loc. cit.) simply copies the short diagnosis of Fabricius,
given above, adding only that the species is smaller than Ophion
pennator, F. ; that the antennae are black ; the head and remaitider
of the body flavous ; the abdomen short and truncate ; the wings
entirely transparent : and that it is found in the " East Indies."
To this Thunberg adds nothing. It is certainly not an OpJiion in
the present acceptation of the genus ; possibly it is to be sought
among the POBI/ONIDES.

"Habitat in India oriental]'. Dom. Daldorff, Mus. dom. do
Sehestedt."— Fab.

" Bred from Noctua pcrttatria by Vallot." — Dcitta Torrt.

OpMon trianqularemacnlatus, Motschulskv, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou,
1863, p. 80 ( rf et ? $ ).

209. Option trir ngularemaculatus, Mots.

Ophion triatigularetnacidatus, Motschulsl
1863, p. 80 ( rf et ? $ ).

A slender, narrow^ and shining species. Head subdeplanate,
strongly nitidulous and black, with the eyes large, convex and
iufuscate; ocelli very distinct. Antenna? blackish, basally pale
testaceous and a little shorter than the body, with the basal joint
ovately inflated and the second very short, subtrausverse. Thorax
black, elongate, attenuate and narrower than the head : megonotum
subglobose, glabrous and longitudinally impressed obliquely on
either side ; metanotum obtuse. Abdomen subparallel-sided, black,
with a triangular pale testaceous discal mark on each of the three
central segments ; basal segment elongate, subclaviform ; anus
compressed and hardly dilated. Legs pale testaceous, with the
hind tibia? infuscate, their tarsi black, and their femora sub-
incrassate. Wings with stigma and nervures black.

Length 4 mi Him.

CEILOS : Nuwara Eliya and Mt. Patannas (Motschulsl-y').

Its author adds that the breadth of the head is a third of
a line ; and indicates what he considers may be the female,
differing in having the apices only of the abdominal segments
with testaceous margins. It is certainly not here placed in its
correct genus, which is impossible of determination from the
inadequate description.

Genus PLEURONEUEOPHION, Aslun.
PlfurmeurojMon, Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 86.

Labrum of normal length ; ocelli not small. Internal cubital
nervure sharply' geniculate ; nervelet distinct ; first cubital cell
with no corneous marks ; radius incrassate, and not bisinuate,

PLBUKOXEUROPHTOX. ALLOCA MPTUS. 373

basally ; basal nervure not continuous through median ; nervellus
intercepted far below its centre.

Range. Hawaii, Ceylon.

This genus was founded upon a MS. species from Hawaii ;
the following is the only one ever published as appertaining to it,
and even here certain discrepancies lend some doubt as to whether
it really belongs to the genus.

Respecting the Indian species, Cameron says (Spol. Zeyl. 1905,
p. 121):— "Except that there can hardly be said to be a stump
of a nervure on- the disco-cubital nervure, this species fits into
Pleuroneurophion. • It has the thickened base of the radius of that
genus and of Enicospilus, but it wants the horny points found
always in the latter genus."

270. Pleuroneurophion erythrocerus, Cam.

Pleuroneurophion erythrocerus, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905,
p.!21($).

2 . Head pale flavous, with the ocellar region not black.
Antennas subrufescent. Thorax pale testaceous, with the meso-
notum subrufescent ; pro- and meso-thorax closely punctate, with
the proplenrae obscurely striate ; metanotum with broadly rounded
stria3, except at its glabrous base, where the impression bears two
stout and several indistinct striae ; metapleural carina3 broad,
slightly reflexed centrally, and rounded at both base and apex.
Aldomen, except basally, rufescent- testaceous, becoming darker
apically. Legs testaceous, with the anterior pairs paler. Wings
hyaline, with the stigma testaceous arid the nervures blackish;
disco-cubital nervure centrally thickened and elongately fenestrate,
its basal abscissa slightly rounded downwards at the apex, and the
apical abscissa slightly but distinctly longer than the basal abscissa
of the cubital, which is a little shorter than the recurrent nervure ;
nervelet subobsolete ; radial nervure basally thickened ; glabrous
area wanting ; basal nervure not continuous through median ;
nervellus intercepted far below its centre.

Length 14-15 tnillim.

CEYLON : Peradeniya (E. E. Green).

Unknown to me.

Genus ALLOCAMPTUS, Thorns.

Allocamptus, Thomson (nee Fb'rst.), Opusc. Eut. xii, 1888, p. 1186.
Cymatoneura, Kriechbaumer, Zeits. Hym.-Dip. 1901, p. 2:?.

GENOTYPE, Ophion undulatus, Grav.

This genus is closely allied to Henicospilus and has the base of
the radial nervure similarly thickened, but the very obvious
glabrous alar area is destitute of corneous marks, with the result
that it has but quite recently been accorded generic rank apart

374

from Ophion. From the latter it is at once known by the
very strongly bisinuate base of the radius, elongately antefuroal
nervulus and nervellus, the traces of areae on the mesopleunu,
apically bro;idly subexcava^e metanotum, which is transversely
strigose ; the mesosternum is granulosely punctate, apically
immarginate, with a fovea below the punctate speculum.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Nervelet wanting ; metanotal striao strong .... simiatus, Mori.

2 (1) Nervelet distinct ; metanotal striae weak ...... inflexus, Mori.

271. Allocamptus sinuatus, Mori.

Pktironettrophion malayanus, Cameron, Journ. Str. Br. R. Asiat.

Soc. 1905, p. 122, $ (nee Cameron, op. cit. 1902, p. 50).
Allocamptus sinuatus, Morley, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912, p. 24
1

c? $ . A large testaceous species, with only marks at base
of front wings behind tegulse black, and in $ the third segment,

with anus, indeterminately
blackish. Head very narrow
behind the eyes. Antennae
25 millim. in length. Thorax:
metathorax distinctly but not
very strongly trans-striate,
with the striae laterally all
equally strong. Scutellum
margined to near its apex.
Wings with a distinct gla-
brous area in the first cubital
cell, the base of the radial
dark, strongly bisinuate and
the costa of both wings,
together usually with the
Fig. 104. — Allocamplm simiatus, Mori, stigma, black.

Lenf/th 25-30 millim.

PUNJAB: Kangra Valley, 4500 ft., vii. 99 (G. C. Dudgeon);
BENGAL: Calcutta, iii.94 (Ind. Mus.); ASSAM: Sadiya (Col.
Godwin- Austen) ; BURMA: Moulmein, 1843 (Archdeacon Cleric},
Karen Hills, 3000-3700 ft. (L. Fea}- CEYLON: Pattipola, ii.09
(0. S. WicTcivar)^ Namunakule, 6600ft., ii. 10, and Peradeniya,
iii. 10 (E. E. Green).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This species is very like A. undulalus, Grav., but is larger and
paler, with the antennae and two basal segments longer and
distinctly more slender, the stigma narrower and nearly always
darker, emitting the radius more obliquely and less directly ; the
internal cubital nervure is geniculate a* little before and not
distinctly beyond its centre, as in the latter species, which has its

ALLOCA.MPTUS. STAUKOPODOCTONUS. 375

basal half less sinuate and two especially prominent lateral meta-
thoracic carinaB.

The type was captured by Thwaites in Ceylon in 1873.
A female was bred in the Calcutta Museum from the larva
of a moth, Trabala vishnu, found on a castor-oil tree in that
city; it emerged from its host on 26th March, 1894.

272. Allocamptus inflexus, sp. n.

c? $ . A large, pale testaceous species, the only black marks being
at the base of the front wings behind the tegulse. Head narrow
behind eyes. Thorax with the metathorax finely and not very
distinctly traus-striate, with the stria3 laterally all equally strong.
Scutellum margined. Wings with a distinct glabrous area in first
cubital cell, the base of the radial nervure testaceous, strongly
Insinuate, and the costa and stigma testaceous.

Length, $ 27 millim. ; tf 17 millim.

CENTRAL INDIA (Hearsey, type) ; CEYLON : Kandy, vi. and vii. 09
(E. E. Green).

Type $ in the Oxford Museum.

This species differs from A. slnuatus in its shorter and stouter
basal segment, more finely striate metathorax, distinct nervelet,
much shorter first discoidal cell, testaceous costa and stigma, with
the latter much broader and emitting the concolorous radius less
obliquelv and more directly. It is extremely like A. undulatas,
Grav., but I am able to distinguish it by the posteriorly very much
more narrowed head, the less basal ly sinuate and testaceous radial
nervure and the distinct nervelet, which is emitted from the
geniculate centre of the first cubital nervure, whereas in the latter
species it is geniculate, with no nervelet distinctly beyond the
centre ; the angle at which the stigma emits the radius and the
conformation of the basal segment is the same in both.

The male differs from the female in nothing but its much smaller
size and more slender conformation ; it closely resembles Henico-
spilus flavicaput.

Genus STAUROPODOCTONUS, Braum (emend.).

Stauropoctonus, Brauns, Arch. Nat. Meckl. 1889, p. 93; Morley,

Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912, p. 16.
Spilophion, Cameron, Spol. Zeyl. 1905, p. 124.

GENOTYPE, Ophion bombycivorus, Grav.

Clypeus apically transverse ; labrura prominent, apically roundly
constricted and often longer than half the clypeus. Abdomen
strongly compressed and more than double the length of the head
and thorax. Transverse cubital nervure angled shortly but dis-
tinctly below the centre; disco-cubital nervure roundly and
broadly curved, rising before the discoidal nervure ; nervelet

376 ICHNEUMON IDJE.

wanting ; basal nervure continuous through the median ; base of
radius thickened ; glabrous area distinct, but often immaculate.

Ran'ie. Europe, Khodesia, Ceylon, South India, Panama.

Cameron points out that his genus is allied to Pleuroneurophion
and Uenicos/nlus in the basally thickened radial nervure, though
differing from the former in the continuous basal nervure and
broadly rounded disco-cubital nervure, and from the latter in the
(occasional) absence of corneous marks in the glabrous alar area
and in the nervellus being intercepted (occasionally) above the
centre. The somewhat uncommon fyihion bombycivorus, Grav., is
the tvpical species and has been repeatedly bred from the Lobster
Moth, Stauropus fayi, L., in Britain and Germany. The presence
of an infutnafe spot, considered characteristic of the genus bv
Cameron, cannot exclude the Following species from Prof. Sigismund
Brauns' genus (in Opusc. Ichn., they are separated sol» ly on the
comparative length of the labrum), the composition of which has
been corrected by Kriechbaumer (Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. 1901, p. 22).

Table of Species.

1 (2) Nervellus geniculate above centre ; stigma

black orientalis, Mori.

2 (1) Nervellus geniculate below centre : stigma

stramineous biumbratus, Mori.

273. Stanropodoctonns orientalis, Mori.

Spilophion macuiiptnnis, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 125,
pi. B, fig. 13 ( $ ) (nee Biolog. Centr.-Amer. 1886, p. 292).

Stauropodoctoims orientalis, Morlev, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912,
p. 18.

c? $ . An ochraceous species, broadly marked with black and
flavcus. Head glabrous and nitidulous, testaceous, with the face,
mouth and orbits flavous. Antenna testaceous red. Thorax with
three large and narrowly separated mesonotal vittae, apex of meta-
notum, a large and basally obliquely constricted mark on the basal
half of the mesopleurae, and a large suboval mark on the meta-
peurae, black ; pro- and meso-thorax impunctate : metanotum
glabrous before the transverse carina ; the base depressed, some-
times with two stout discal carinae ; the disc beyond the trans-
verse carina with three or four longitudinal carinae; the petiolar
area strongly regularly trans-sti-iate, its sides obliquely and
strongly striate, with the stria) clearly separated ; the apical
.slope is somewhat widely and irregularly striate ; pleurae smooth
and nitidulous. Scuteflum laterally carinate to near ite apex.
Abdomen testaceous, with the third segment discally, and most of
the fifth and sixth, black. Wings hyaline, with the radial cell
] in sally infumate ; stigma and nervures black, with the former

STAUROPOUOCTOXUS. 377

basally pale ; glabrous area present, but with no corneous marks ;
basal abscissa of radius basally thickened ; disco-cubital nervure

Fig. 105. — Stauropodoctonus orientalis, Mori.

roundly curved downwards, its apex broadly and roundly curved
upwards.

Length 15-20 millim.

BOMBAY : Bombay (R. R. Holmes) • CEYLON : Peradeniya (E. E.
Green, type) ; FORMOSA (A. E. Wilemcui).

Type in the British Museum.

The examples that I have seen exactly agree with Cameron's
description in every way, excepting in having the labrum no
longer than half the clypeus and the nervellus intercepted at its
centre.*

No doubt can remain that this species is congeneric with
S. bombycivorus, Grav., from which it differs in its basallv infurnate
radial and subapically infumate first cubital cells, in the basally
much more strongly inflexed internal cubital nervure, in having
the nervellus more strongly postfurcal and intercepted a little
lower, the radial nervure of the hind wing much more strongly
sinuate basally, with its recurrent nervure appreciably nearer the
apex of the wing ; the scutellum and rnetanotum are less rugulose,
and the former laterally carinate nearly to its apex ; the eyes are
equally euiarginate, and the ocelli large, in both species.

274. Stauropodoctonus biumbratus, Mori. (Plate I, fig. 10.)

Stauropodoctonus biumbralus, Morlev, Eevis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912,
p. 18 (d$>

c? $ . An ochraceous species, broadly marked with black and

* Cameron's description exaggerates these two points, which are identical in
all the specimens (including the type) that I have examined.

378 ICHXEUMOXIDJE.

tlavous ; wings with two inf uinate fasciae and corneous marks,
stigma stramineous and the nervellus intercepted below its centre.

Length 20 millim.

MADRAS: Utakamand.

Type in the Indian Museum.

Extremely closely allied to the preceding species, but at once
recognised by the two conspicuous corneous alar marks in the
pellucid radial area, which is bounded at both extremities of the
stramineous stigma by a distinctly subinfumate mark, the meta-
thorax is darker, the uervellus geniculate far below its centre, the
apical half of the two basal segments are deter minately, and
the remainder of the abdomen vaguely, blackish.

Genus ORIENTOSPILUS; Mori.
Oricntospilus, Morley, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912, p. 6.

GENOTYPE, 0. individuus, Mori.

A genus of very large insects uniting the characters of Henico-
spilus and Allocamptiis, but differing from all other ICHXEUMOXIDJE,
except titaurojjodoctonns, with which I am acquainted in having
the mandibles horizontal and not vertical. Radial nervure basally
straight, iucrassate, and laterally iufumate ; first cubital cell with
a distinct glabrous area, and with corneous marks ; inetauotum
rugose, with no distinct transverse striae ; body broadly marked
with black.

fiaiw/e. Ceylon, Assam.

This genus has the fades of Stauropodoctonus, but the glabrous
area bears corneous marks ; in fact, it appears to have the same
relationship to it that Henicospilus has to 0/>7iion, and if it is
agreed to regard the two latter genera as distinct the present
must be separated from Stauropodoctomts, though on equally super-
ficial and artificial characters. Although Cameron examined the
mandibles of 0. reticulatus, he does not appear to have noticed
their peculiar horizontal position, nevertheless his description,
though somewhat superficial, and especially so in respect to the
venation, agrees entirely with the specimens for which I erected
this genus, since they are obviously not congeneric with Nenico-
spilus, and no other genus bears corneous alar marks.

275. Orientospilus individuns, Mori.

Orientospilus individum, Morley, Revis. Ichn. Brit. AIus. 1912,

$ . Somewhat stout, bright testaceous and nitidulous, with the
eyes, ocelli, the hardly attenuate antennae except apically beneath,
and the hind tarsi deep black ; wings strongly fulvescent, with
their apical margin from the apex of the disco-cubital cell in nearly
a straight line to just within the apex of the nervure emitted from

OBIEXTOSP1LUS. 379

nervellus, translucent black ; an additional black streak runs from
the anal angle of the front wings to an oval blotch extending
from the fulvous stigma to the centre of the lower side of the
disco- cubital cell. Head with the vertex broad and hardly narrower
than the somewhat small eyes. Scutellum distinctly carinate
laterally only, and sparsely punctate. Thorax : metathorax
shagreened, with no trace of area? ; the postpetiole becomes
abruptly nearly double the breadth of the petiole ; anal valvular
blackish. Legs short and stout, testaceous, with the hind tarsi
conspicuously black and rather broad ; all the femora wiih long
hairs beneath. Wings broad and not very ample, with the
nervures concolorous with the markings ; upper basal straight and
strongly antefurcal, disco-cubital acutely genicuhite, but with no
ramellus ; nervellus subopposite and intercepted a little above its
lower third.

Length 17 millim.

BOMBAY : Deesa, ix. 01 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

A remarkable species in its strong superficial resemblance to
Oriental Bracons.

276. Orientospilus reticulatus, Cam.

Enicospilus reticulatus, Cameron (nee Cam. 1902), Manch. Mem,
1899, p. 102 ( $ ).

d $ • Head fulvous, with the distinctly punctate face paler and
the ocellar region black ; clypeus indistinctly punctate and apicaUy
glabrous ; mandibles basally closely punctate, with their teeth

black; palpi fulvous, with dense
elongate white pilosity. An-
tennae longer than the body,
unicolorous flavous ; scape
punctate and with sparse pale
hairs ; flagellum with dense
and very short dark pubescence.
Thorax fulvous, with three
large mesonotal, and two large
mesosternal, black marks ; the
metanotum basallv " is obli-
quelv depressed at the base and
apex; the centre at the base
has a long central, bordered by
a shorter keel and the edges by
a curved one ; the apical part
Fig. 106. smooth and without any keels.

Orientospilus reticulatus, Cam. The smooth basal part of the

median segment is bordered by

a curved keel ; in front of this the segment is stoutly irregularly
reticulated to the apex ; in the middle at the base are two straight

380 ICHXKL'.MOMD.K.

narrow keels; the centre beyond t hese bordered by a much stouter
keel ; the central bordered area has, :it the top, two or three stout
transverse keels ; the apex is smooth ; " pro- and meso-pleurae
pilose and trans-aciculate, with the apical sulcus of the latter crenu-
late and its apex obscurely striate below ; metapleurae sinuately
carinate centrally and more strongly below, with tho intervening
space stoutly and subobliqnely striate. Scutellum basally closely
and finely punctate, longitudinally aciculate and densely pilose;
transcarinate before the darker and closely aciculate apex ; basal
fovea broad and deeply impressed, bordered by an elongately
pilose carina ; postscutellum indistinct, and stoutly carinate
laterally. Abdomen fulvous, with the third segment (except at
its lower third), and the remainder or three apical ones entirely,
black ; fourth rarely paler than first. Leys unicolorous fulvous
and densely pilose. Wings hyaline, with a single circular or
interiorly abruptly dilated corneous spot in the glabrous area ;
nervures and stigma black ; basal abscissa of the radius thickened.

Length 30-32 millim.

ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Rothney, type), Sylhet ; CEYLON (Dr.
Ttiwaites— Oxford Mus).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

In the specimens I have examined the radius is distinctly
infumate basally, and the- region of the black ocelli is not
blackish.

Genus HENICOSPILUS, Steph.

Enicospilus, Stephens, 111. Mandib. vii, 183o, p. 126.

Allocamptus, Ftirster (nee Thomson), Verb. pr. Rheiul. 1868, p. 150.

This genus differs from Ophlon solely in the presence of corneous
marks upon Hie glabrous disc of the first cubital cell, which will
at once distinguish it from the whole remainder of the ICH^EC-
MONID^E, excepting only Orientospihis, and the radial nervure
appears to be constantly thickened basally. The former is, as
Bridgman and Fitch have remarked (Entom. 1884, p. 177), "a
very unstable character, and not of generic value, although in-
cluded as only a convenient division of the species of Ophion."

For long the genus had a most precarious existence and was
not recognised by Holmgren, Desvignes, Kirchner, or the older
Continental authors ; but it was accepted by Marshall in both
his catalogues, by Thomson in 1888, and subsequent authors
have usually admitted it to generic rank, more often without the
necessary aspirate, conclusively accorded it by Marshall (Ent.
Annual, 1874, p. 129), though still denied by Schmiedeknecht
(Opusc. Ichn.).

In describing Indian species of this genus, Cameron remarks
(Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 24), " Enicospilus, or Jlenicospilus as the
purists would have it, differs from Ophion proper in the fore wings
having a clear space, which usually contains one or more horny

HEXICOSPILUS. 381

points ; and the sturap of the cubital nervure, found well developed
in OpJiion, is absent. In some cases the smooth space is present
without having horny points in it, or they are very faint. In either
case I believe it will be found that the base of the cubital nervure
is thickened, which is not the case with Ophion, sensu sti: In
view of the great similarity of the species of Ophion, it seems to
me desirable to adopt Etiicospilus as a distinct genus. Species
belonging to it are found in all parts of the world." Later, how-
ever (op. cit. 1899, p. 102), he sinks it as a mere submenus of
Ophion, from which he regards it as differing in the thickened
basal radial abscissa and the corneous plates of the glabrous alar
area, or it would be more correct to sav, in the mere possession of
such a glabrous area, with or without corneous spots.

Table of Specie*.

1 ('2) Cubital cell with four corneous

marks ceylonicus, Cam., p. 382.

2 (1) Cubital cell with at most two

corneous marks.

3 (18) Cubital cell with two corneous

marks.*

4 (9) Base of radius distinctly deflexed

and slightly thickened.

5 (8) Mesopleuroeandscutellunistriate;

bead flavous throughout.
C . (7) Stigma, costa, and often sternum

black nnivittatus, Brul., p. 383.

7 (6) Stigma and sternum bright

fulvous flavicaput, Morl.,f p. 384.

8 (5) Mesopleurse and scutellum finely

punctate ; orbits flavous rufus, Tosq., p. 385.

9 (4) Base of radius not deflexed, though

usually thickened.

10 (11) Alar corneous marks connected

by a corneous line unilineatus, Cam., p. 386.

11 (10) Alar corneous marks with no

corneous connecting line.

12 (13) Mesonotum and most of abdomen

nigrescent or black hariolus, Mori., p. 387.

13 (12) Mesonotum and most or whole of

abdomen testaceous.

14 (17) Third discoidal cell short and

broad ; stigma not black.

15 (16) Basal nervure not continuous

through the median nervure . . reticulatus, Cam., p. 388.
1G (15) Basal nervure continuous through

the median merdarius, Gray., p. 389.

17 (14) Third discoidal cell normal ;

stigma black mclanocarpus, Cam., p. 390.

* These are sometimes absent in H. univittatus, Brul.

t H.pungens, Smith, differs from this species in not having its discoidal
nervure distinctly geniculate, &c.

382

18 (3) Cubital cell with at most one

corneous mark.
1!) (24) Mesonoi urn blackish or with black

markings.*

20 (2.3) Antenna mainly black.

21 (22) Subinarginal nervure of same

length as second recurrent .... atricornis, Mori., p. 391.

22 (21) Submarginal nervure two-thirds

length of second recurrent .... spilonotus, Cam., p. 392.

23 (20) Anteimje unicolorous flavous .... stnatus, Cam., p. 392.

24 (19) Mesonotum entirely pale.

25 (26) Corneous alar mark linear ;

radius basally bisinuate oricntalis, sp. n., p. 393.

26 (25) Corneous alar mark pyriform or

triangular ; radius basally
straight.

27 (30) Body normal jrnetathorax strongly

transcarinate ; corneous mark
pyriform.

28 (29) Submarginal nervure curved .... dasychirce, Cam., p. 394.

29 (28) Submarginal uervure straight . . horsfieldi, Cam., p. 394.

30 (27) Body short and stout ; meta-

thorax not transcarinate ; cor-
neous mark triangular crassus, Mori., p. 39o.

277. Henicospilus ceylonicus, Cam.

Enicospilus ceylonicus, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 23 ( 5 ).

$ . Head fulvous, with the face subflavidous, mandibles apically
black, and palpi testaceous; ocelli very large and elevated, with
the basal subcontiguous to the eyes. Antenna unicolorous fulvous
and longer than the body, with short pubescence ; scape glabrous.
Tliorax tiavous ; mesonotum uitidulous ; metathorax basally ''de-
pressed in the middle; a stout transverse keel behind it; behind
this keel the segment is coarsely s'lagreened and with an indistinct
furrow down the centre ; " pleura? coarsely shagreened. Scutellwn
pale flavous. Abdomen flavous, darker towards the apex. Legs
unicolorous fulvous. Wings clear hyaline, with the stigma fulvous ;
" the clear bare space contains one large horny mark, with a dis-
tinct dark border; above it is a cuned spot, and behind two
smaller f-pots ; " cubital nervure much thickened at its base.

Lenqth 15 in ill i in.

CEYLON: Trincomali (Col. J. W. Yerbury}.

I have seen no specimen, among the hundreds examined, which
I could place here ; the insect remains a mystery to me and I
suspect some slip or misprint in Cameron's description of the
numerous alar corneous marks.

* Except H. atricornis, Mori., var. zeylanicus, nov., which baa a minute
additional spot.

HJENIOOSPILUS.

383

278. Henicospilus tinivittatus, Brul.

Ophion tinivittatus, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. 184G, p. 146 (?c?).
JEnicosnilus niyronotatus, Cameron,* Journ. Str. Br. Roy. Asiat.

Soc. 1903, p. 133(2).
Henicospilus tinivittatus, Morley, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912, p. 45

(<??)•

cJ $ . A large ferruginous-red species, with a single infuscate
mesonotal vitta. Head posteriorly constricted with the occiput and
the whole of the uneven face flavidous, the latter centrally pro-
minent and apically hardly discrete from the convex and elongate

clypeus. Thorax closely
and finely punctate, tes-
taceous, with the central
only of the three indis-
tinct mesonotal lobes
hearing a black or brun-
neous band and the meso-
sternum sometimes con-
colorous ; metathorax
finely and arcuately
trans-strigose through-
out, with no more indica-
tion of a basal area than
is given by the absence of
striation. Abdomen dull
ferruginous, with the
apical half infuscate ;
terehra not extending
bevond the anus and the

Fig. 107. — Henicospilus unimttatus, Brul.

<$ vulvula? large. Legs normal and testaceous throughout. Wings
with the nervures stout, very dark indeed, and the stigma infuscate-
ferruginous ; internal cubital nervure centrally arcuate and the
radial basally Insinuate ; cubital cell bearing a hyaline space
containing two or no corneous dots.

Length 25-30 millim.

ASSAM (Mrs. Evans) ; CEYLON (061. J. W. Yerbunj, E. E. Green).
MALAY STATES : Singapore (H. N. Ridley} • DING-DING ISLANDS ;
SARAWAK ; NEW GUINEA.

Type of H. nigronotatus in the British Museum.

Neither size nor sex is indicated by Brulle, whose type lacked
its abdomen. The hyaline area of the cubital cell places this
species, indubitably 1 think, in the present genus and not, as it
has hitherto been treated, in Ophion proper. Supposing this to
be the case, I have seen a single pair which agrees in every way
with the original description, enabling me to elaborate it as above
and certainly synonymise it with Cameron's female. This species
is evidently clnselv allied to ff.flavicaput, from which it is easily,
but apparently only, known by the strongly infuscate alar costa
and stigma.

384

279. Henicospilus flavicapnt, Mori.

Eniscospilus xanthocephalus, Cameron (nee Cameron, 1905), Ann.

Nat. Hist, xix, 1907, p. 178 ( $ ).
Henicospilus Jiaoicapuf, Morlev, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912,

p.46(d$).

c? $. An immaculate luteous species. Head unicolorous flavous.
Thorax with the metanotum stoutly and distinctly striate, basally
glabrous, with a single short stria in its centre, lateral striae basallv
longitudinal and straight but towards the apex obliquely sinuate
to pleurae, basal impression stoutly and sparsely striate, striae of
apical slope roundly curved from side to side ; propleune finely
and obliquely striate centrally ; mesopleurae longitudinally and
distinctly striate on their basal half. Scutellum with the basal
half glabrous and the apical closely and longitudinally aciculate ;
its sides distinctly carinate throughout. Abdomen and legs
immaculate. Wings hyaline, with stigma testaceous and nervures
black ; glabrous area with two corneous marks, the basal large
and broad with its base transverse and constricted above, thence
gradually and roundly narrowed to a fine point at the apex, the
apical mark close to centre of basal radial abscissa, elongate
and narrow, roundly curved towards radius ; disco-cubital nervure
broadly and but slightly curved at its apex, which is remote from
apical abscissa of radius : base of radius broadly deflexed.

Length 27 millim.

CENTRAL PROVINCES : Jabalpur, iii. 98 (Col Nurse) ; BOMBAY :
Kasaba, 855 ft., vii. 04 (Pusa coll.) ; CEYLOX (I'empleton—Oxf.
Mus.); TENASSERIM: Haundraw Valley (Co?. Singhnm, type).

Cameron simply differentiates this species from H. reticulatus
and //. striatus by its duplicated corneous alar marks, making no
reference to those of similar conformation among the remaining
species ; but its large size, stout build, and especially the basally
distinctly sinuate radial nervure, render it sufficiently distinct
and ally it with the genus Allocamptus, Thomson. Especially is
this the case with two females captured in Ceylon by the Eev.
T. Wenham in 1845 (in the British Museum) and by Dr. Thwaires
in 1873 (in the Oxford Museum), which have the radius distinctly
bisinuate basally, the metathorax more regularly and stoutlv trans-
striate, the glabrous alar area with but a single corneous mark and
the colour ochraceous. I propose to call this form var. sinuatus,
though it is quite possibly of specific rank.

280. Henicospilus pungens, Smith.

Ophion pungens, Smith,* Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1874, p. 396
(dT,as ?)•

s punt/ens, Morlev, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912, p. 46

cJ $ . It is not impossible that my H.flavica/nd is a variety of
this species, from which it differs in its distinctly geniculato

IIENICOSPILTJS. 385

discoidal nervure, longer and stouter antennae and the large,
entirely immaculate, glabrous alar area.

Length 18 raillim.

ASSAM (W. F. Bade/ley). SINGAPORE (H. N. Ridley}; JAPAN:
Hiogo (type).

Type <S in the British Museum.

281. Henicospilus rufus, Tosq.

(?) Ophion rufus, Brulle, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, 1846, p. 149.

Ophion (Enicospilus] rufus, Tosquinet, Ichn. d'Afrique, 1896, p. 378
(c? $ )•

c? $ . A stout and red species, sparsely punctate and pubescent.
Head rut'escent, broader than long and strongly constricted
posteriorly ; orbits entirely flavous and close to the eyes on the
vertex ; frons concave and smooth ; face a little convex, smooth,
with somewhat long white pilosity ; clypeus not discrete and
laterally somewhat deeply impressed, smooth and subnitidulous,
with its apex broadly rounded ; mandibles basally rufescent
and apically piceous; palpi fulvous; eyes strongly emarginate
internally. Antennas red, longer than body and setaceous ; scape
elongate and the basal flagellar joint slightly longer than the
second. Thorax ovoid, red and shortly pilose ; mesonotum con-
vex, finely punctate, with no notauli ; mesopleurse finely and
closely punctate ; metathorax posteriorly rounded and produced
beyond the base of the hind coxae, with its disc traversed by a
transverse carina, dividing the short, horizontal and finely punctate
basal part from the very large, sloping and sinuately trans-aciculate
apical region ; spiracles basal, linear and very large. Scutellum
elongate, somewhat narrow, discally convex, with obsolete puncta-
tion and laterally margined nearly to its apex. Abdomen thrice
as long as the head and thorax, strongly compressed, red, smooth
and shortly pilose, with the segments laterally and apically in-
fuscate ; basal segment narrow and very elongate, with the petiole
thrice as long as the postpetiole, which is discally convex ; second
segment somewhat shorter and apically subcompressed ; terebra
black and somewhat stout. Legs fulvous and very long; hind
tibia3 much longer than their femora and the basal joint of their
tarsi thrice as long as the second ; claws piceous and pectinate.
Wings ample and hyaline : stigma and radix fulvous, tegulae red,
nervures apically darker ; radial cell elongate and somewhat
narrow ; radial nervure basally sinuate and slightly thickened ; of
the two corneous spots in the cubital cell, the internal is the
larger and subtriangular with its apex produced and curved, the
external is small and linear ; the ordinary transverse nervure is
antefurcal and the nervellus intercepted well below its centre by
a nervure extending to the margin of the wing.

Length 25 millim.

NORTHEBN INDIA (Capt. Reid}-, ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Col.
Godwin-Austen}, Margherita and Sibsagar (S. E. Peal — Ind. Mus.) ^

2o

886

1CHNETLMOMU-E.

TENASSERIM: Mergui (W. DoJierfy—Iud. Mus.) ; CEYLON (P. N.
Braine, Mrs. Home). CHINA ; JAVA ; BOURBON ; AFRICA.

I have followed Tosquinet in the diagnosis of this species, which
I consider, in its original form, to have been a medley of several,
since Brulle says (loc. cit.) : " J'ai reuni sous ce mome nom d'Ophion
ruftis plusieurs individus de localites assez differentes, comme Ton
voit, et qui ne se distinguent que pas des caractores que je n'ai
pas trouves suffisants pour constituer des especes bien definies,"
though the neuration was by no means identical. He makes no
mention of the basally sinuate radial nervure, which renders the
present species closely allied to //. jlavicaptit, as well as to the
genus Allocamptus.

Paniscus perforator, Smith (Ann. Nat. Hist, xvii, 1876, p. 449, $ )
from Rodriguez, has been entirely erroneously synonymised with
this species by Dalla Torre ; its genus is correctly assigned by
Fred. Smith and I have examined the type in the British Museum
collection.

There is in the British Museum a very large Ceylonese female
of 30 uiillim. with the radial cell basally infumate, the radius basally
less sinuate and the external cubital mark lunate ; but probably it
constitutes a distinct species. This species has been bred by
Dr. Watt, on llth September 1897, from Dasychira mendosa,
Hiibn. (cf. Eeport No. XIV : Tea Pest).

282. Henicospilus unilineatus, Cam.

Enicospilus unilineatus,C&merou, Spolia Zeylanica,190o, p. 123 ( $ ).

c? $ . A pale testaceous species, with sparse black markings.

Head pale flavous, shining and impunctate ; apex of clypeus broadly

Fig. 108. — Henicospilus unilineatus, Cam.

rounded. Antennae red, with the scape and ten or eleven basal
flagellar joints blackish. Thorax pale testaceous, with the ineso-

HENICOSPILUS. 387

sternum and a broad mesonotal stripe deep black ; mesonotum
nitidulous, with pale pubescence ; nietanotum basally glabrous,
irregularly and transversely striate laterally, and centrally strongly
reticulate, its apical slope with a few strong and irregularly curved
striae ; propleurae glabrous, indistinctly and obliquely striate below,
mesopleurae closely and finely punctate, metapleurae finely rugulose
with a few strong oblique striae above. Scutellum laterally
carinate on its basal half. Abdomen pale testaceous, with the
second segment and apex of first rufescent, the third and following
inf uscate. Leys coucolorous with the thorax ; femora rufescent.
\Viiigs hyaline, with nervures and stigma black ; glabrous area
with two corneous marks, the basal pyriform, the two marks
connected by a corneous line, the apical small and quadrate.

Length 17-26 millim.

MADKAS : Kulattupuzha, Travaucore, xi. 08 (N. Annandale) ;
CEYLON : Paradeniya (E. E. Green, type ; 0. S. Widkwar), Kandy,
vi. 09 (E. E. Green), Maskeliya, iii. 09 (T, B. Fletcher).

283. Henicospilus hariolus, Mori.

Henicospilus hariolus, Morley,* Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912, p. 44
(d $ ) [there erroneously "attributed to Cameron].

S $ . A profusely black-marked ochreous species. Head whitish
stramineous and strongly constricted posteriorly ; face and clypeus
strongly nitidulous and glabrous, with the former alone closely
and finely punctate, the latter apically truncate and not basally
separated, with the lateral impressions very deep ; labruiii normally
exserted; mandibles testaceous and vertical, with the teeth black.
Antenna longer than the body (24 millim.) and entirely testaceous
red. Thorax somewhat slender and testaceous, with three broad
and narrowly separated mesonotal vittse, post-tegular dots, meso-

sternum, whole prothorax
(except its disc), a broad
central metanotal fascia, and
spots above the hind coxae,
black ; mesonotum somewhat
dull and pilose ; metauotum
dull and rugulose throughout,
with the central and prebasal
transverse cai'inse strong, its
apical half irregularly and
somewhat deeply striate, with
two short parallel discal
carinse in the centre of its
base ; all the pleurae distinctly
V strigose and the mesosternum

finely punctate ; spiracles
Fig. 109.— Henicospilus hariolus, Mori. transverse, linear. Scutellum

scabrous and testaceous, with

strong and subparallel lateral carinse to near its apex ; post-

2c2

388 ICHNKI'MOMI) V.

Bcutellum laterally carinate. Abdomen very slender and testaceous,
with apical half of the three basal, and nearly the whole of the
remaining, segments determinate black ; basal segment glabrous,
very strongly nitidulous, with its apex nodulose ; the second
broadly arid not strongly constricted towards the base, its apex
and the remaining segments distinctly pilose. Legs testaceous,
with the hind coxa?, and more or less of their femora black ; claws
minute and distinctly, not densely, pectinate. Wings hyaline, with
nervures and costa of both pairs of wings blackish ; tegulse, stigma
and metacarpus testaceous ; radius basallv straight and thickened ;
glabrous area of first cubital cell well-defined, with a larger sub-
triangular red corneous mark, which is obtuse above, below the
basal third of the first radial abscissa, and a second small mark
below its apical third; second recurrent longer than the sub-
marginal nervure ; internal cubital subsinuate but not strongly
curved, with no nervelet ; basal nervure continuous through the
median ; nervellu.s distinctly postfurcal, intercepted at its lower
fourth with the upper part subvertical.

Length 15-22 inillim.

CBYLOX : Kandy, 2000 ft., r. vi. viii. and ix. (E. E. Green, Col.
J. W. Yerbury, 0. S. Wiclcwar, T. B. Fletcher), Madulsiina, v. OS
(Fletcher).

Type in the author's collection.

The coloration is somewhat variable since I find the stigma
sometimes infuscate, the metathorax and second segment and hind
coxae often immaculate testaceous, the hind femora rarely no more
than centrally brunneous, sometimes entirely black with their
base alone pale, the basal segment with only the postpetiole
infuscate and even that apically testaceous ; the third segment,
however, appears to be invariably infuscate laterally at its apext
rendering the large pale lateral spot at the base of the fourth very
conspicuous.

This species should probably be referred to a new genus
(hence my specific name) ; but although the facies is distinct from
Henicospilus. I can find no characters of probahle generic value
except the distinctly, not densely, pectinate tarsal claws.

It is evidently an abundant species, though not yet known to
occur outside Ceylon, where many specimens were taken by
Th \vaites in 1873.

284. Henicospilus reticulatus, Cam.

Enicospilus reticulatus, Cameron (nee Cameron, 1899), Fauna
Maldive et Laccadive Arch. I, i, 1902, p. 51 ($).

c? $ . A luteous species. Head with the face centrally
sliagreened, laterally flavescent and punctate ; clypeus flavescent
and glabrous, with indistinct basal punctation ; labrum darker,
mandibular teeth black ; orbits and vertex flavescent. Antenna*
luteous, becoming apically darker. Mesonotum infurnate, with the
base and sides paler ; metanotum irregularly and distinctly

HEXJLCOSIMLUS. 389

reticulate, its apex obliquely reticulate, but less distinctly in the
centre below, its base glabrous ; pro- and meso-pleurae closely
punctate, witb the former centrally, and the latter below, closely
striate ; metapleune shagreened above and sparsely striate apically
below. Scutellum with stout carinae ; its apex closely and longi-
tudinally striate. Abdomen apically black. Leys concolorous with
the body ; hind tarsi slightly but distinctly longer than the tibia?,
and the anterior twice their length. Wings clear hyaline, with
the stigma and nervures infuscate ; first/ cubital cell with two
corneous marks, the basal dilated and rounded behind, with its
upper part somewhat triangular, the apical suboval ; basal nervure
not continuous through the median.

Length 14 millim.

MALDIVE ISLANDS : Hulule, Male Atoll, i. or ii. 1900 (Prof.
Stanley Gardiner, type) ; PUNJAB : Kangra Valley, 4500 ft., x. 99
<<?. C. Dudgeon) ; BURMA : Karen Hills, 3000-3700 ft., vi. 88, and
Bhamo, vii. 86 (L. Pea). MALAY STATES : Penang (H. N. Ridley},
Selangor, ii. 08 ((?. Meade- Waldo) • UINDING ISLANDS ; SARAWAK ;
CELEBES ; CERAM.

This species must not be confused with the same author's
earlier one under the same name ; but since I have placed that in
a distinct genus, the present name may be allowed to stand.

285. Henicospilus merdarius, Grav.

Ophion merdarius, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 698 ; Curtis,

Brit. Ent. xiii, 183(5, no. 600 ; Hatzeburg, Ichn. d. Forst. i, p. 101 ;

Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, pt. 8, p. 11; Volleuhoven,

Pinac. pi. vi, p. 44(tf$).
EnicospiluK merdanus, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xii, 1888, p. 1188 ;

Bi-auns, Arch. Nat. Mecklenb. 1889, p. 96 ( rf $ ).
Eniscospilus xanthocephalus, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905,

p. 122($).
Henicospilus merdarius, Bridgman & Fitch, Entomologist, 1884,

p.!77(cf$).

S $ . A testaceous, glabrous and nitidulous species, with sparse
flavous and black markings. Head pale flavous, with the oceliar
region black, the occiput and a central facial line red ; clypeus
apically broadly rounded. Antennas testaceous red! Thorax with
the basal slope of metanotum with a carina in the centre and one
on the sides ; the basal region smooth, the apical almost smooth
in the centre, the sides transversely striated ; mesopleurae finely
punctate above, finely and longitudinally striate below. Scutellum
pale flavous. Abdomen testaceous, with the basal two-thirds of
the first segment flavous, and the anus black from the fifth
segment. Legs immaculate. Wings clear hyaline, with the
stigma clear testaceous, the costa and nervures black ; glabrous
area with two corneous marks, the basal and larger broadly
rounded above, slightly and gradually constricted to its transverse
apex, the apical and much smaller mark about thrice as long as
broad, basally oblique and apically constricted ; transverse cubital

390 icnxEUM(>Mi>-i:.

nervure straight, oblique and rather more than half the length of
the recurrent, which is about a fourth shorter than the apical
abscissa of the disco-cubital nervure ; third discoidal cell short
and broad, its length hardly exceeding double its apical breadth ;
basal nervure continuous through the median.

Length 11-20 millim.

PUNJAB : Kangra Valley (G. C. Dudgeon) • UXITED PBOYIXCES :
Dehru Dun (A. D. Imms), Agra, 360 ft., and Lucknow, 950 ft.
(E. Brunetti — Ind. Mus.), Bauipur Chaka and Meerut (Ind. Mus.) ;
SIKKIM (Ind. Mus.) ; ASSAM : Sibsagar (S. E. Peal] ; BEXGAL :
Chapra and Ptisa (Pusa coll.), Calcutta and Bettiah (Ind. Mus.) ;
GEXTKAL PROVINCES: Balaghat, Nagpur, HoshangabadandPowar-
kheda (Pusa coll.) ; BAJPUTANA : Mt. Abu (Col. .Nurse) ; BOMBAY :
Igatpuri and Nadiad (Pusa coll.) ; MADRAS : Auantapur and
Saidapet (Pusa coll.), Ganjam, Bangalore and Maddathorai (Ind.
Mus.) ; CEYLOX : Paradeniya (E. E. Green), Diyatalawa, 4000 ft.,
and Pattipola, 6000 ft. (T'. B. Fletcher), Colombo and Madulsima
(0. S. Wid-war) ; TENASSEBIM ( W. DoJwty—Ind. Mus.). MALAY
STATES: Penang. EUROPE.

Type in the Breslau Museum.

At once distinguished from the other species of this genus,
described by Cameron in 1905, by the comparatively short and
broad third discoidal cell.

This species is very abundant throughout nearly the whole of
Europe, but has not hitherto been known to extend further East.
It has often been bred from a large number of Noctuid moth
caterpillars. No doubt can remain, I think, that Cameron's
description of his 77. ranthocephalus applies to Gravenhorst's
species ; most of the Indian specimens I have examined have the
head testaceous. It is certainly one of the commonest of the
Indian species of this genus. In the Pusa collection there is a
specimen bred from the Lymantriid moth, Ettproctis scintillans,
AVlk., and Mr. Green has bred a small male from the larva of
Euproctis fraterna, Moore, at Peradeniya.

286. Henicospilus melanocarpus, Cam.

Eniscosnilus melon ocarpus, Cameron, Spolia Zevlanica, 190or
p. 122($).

$ . A rufescent species, with only the antenna and anus
black. Head immaculate. Antenna; black, broadly rufescent
basally. Ihorax with the metanotum closely reticulate, but
becoming less so at the smooth base, where it is irregularly and
longitudinally striate, with the basal impression closely and
strongly striate, more closely centrally than laterally ; pleurae
closely but not strongly punctate, metapleura3 more strongly,
propleura? centrally closely striate. Kmtelhtm with lateral,
abnormally stout carina). Abdomen rufescent, with the anus
from the fifth segment black. Leys immaculate. Wuujs hyaline

HEXICOSPILUS. 391

with the stigma and nervures black ; the glabrous area with two
corneous marks, the larger triangular, laterally rounded, with a
long curved tail, the smaller about twice as long as broad, rounded
behind, with the apex transverse ; submarginal nervure one-third
the length of the apical abscissa of the internal cubital nervure
and about a fourth shorter than the recurrent.

Length 12 millim.

BOMBAY: Igatpuri, vii. 04 (Pusa coll.); CEYLON: Kandy,
iii.03, iv. 05, vi.09 (E. E. Green, type; Eoivland Turner), Galle,
vi. 07 (T. B. Fletcher).

The specimen from Igatpuri differs from the above description
only in having the central mesonotal lobe apically blackish.

287. Henicospilus atricornis, Mori.

Henicospilus atricornis, Moiiey, Kevis. Iclin. Brit. Mus. 1912.

c? $ . A testaceous and slender species, with the ocellar region,
antennae, anus and stigma black, and the mesonotum centrally
infuscate anteriorly. Head without flavous markings, very
strongly constricted behind the eyes. Antennce entirely black and
elongate. Thorax unicolorous testaceous, with only the central
mesonotal lobe apically infuscate; petiolar area finely and
subgranulately trans-aciculate throughout, and not impressed.
Scutellum almost glabrous and distinctly carinate laterally to its
extreme apex, where the carinae coalesce. Abdomen abruptly
deep black from apex of fourth segment. Legs with tarsal claws
densely pectinate to near their apices. Wings with the costa and
stigma entirely black : first cubital cell with but a single triangular
ferruginous corneous mark, produced apically below ; nervulus
autefurcal.

Length 16-17 millim.

BENGAL : Chapra (Mackenzie, type — Pusa coll.) ; CENTRAL
PROVINCES : Nagpur and Chikla, Bafaghat (Pusa coll.) ; CEYLON :
Namunakule, 6600 ft., ii. 10 (E. E. Green).

Type in the Pusa collection.

This species has the facies of H. repentinus, Holmg., but the
petiolar area is trans-aciculate, the head extremely narrow
posteriorly, the radius is much more curved and the apex of the
first cubital cell is also appreciably more sinuate; the stigma,
costa, anus, antennae, and ocellar region are black. It also bears
some close affinity to //. melanocarpus, Cam., but is at once
recognised from that species by its larger size and by the possession
of but a single corneous alar mark ; further, the submarginal
nervure is fully half the length of the apical abscissa of the
internal cubital nervure and about as long as the recurrent
nervure.

In the Pusa collection there are some females bred from th»
Pyralid moth, Sylepta deror/ata, F.

392 ICHNEUMON! D-E.

Var. zeylanicus, uov.

Differs only in the possession of a second minute corneous
circular mark beneath the centre of the basal abscissa of the
radius.

CEYLON : Kandy and Peradeniya, v. vi. and vii. 09 (E. E. Green),
Maskeliya, iii. 09 (T. B. Fletcher).

Type in the author's collection.

The variety zeylanicus is by far the commoner form that I
have received from Mr. Green from Ceylon, where it would
appear to be among the most abundant of ICHNEUMONID-E.

±?8. Henicospilus spilonotus, Cam.

Eniscospilus spilonotus, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 1:21.

A rufescent-testaceous species, with black markings. Head
flavous, with the ocellar region black. Antennce black, becoming
infuscate apically. Thorax with three broad black mesonotal
lines ; metanotuKi glabrous at its base and apex, its centre with
roundly curved and irregular striae, and the base of the apical
part also glabrous, with a few irregular stria; ; spiracular area?
coarsely irregularly and obliquely striate, more strongly so
apically ; propleurae subglabrous, mesopleurae centrally finely and
closely striate except above ; metapleurae finely and irregularly
striate below the carinae ; metasternal carina stout, and curved
both at the apex and at the dilated base. Scutellum flavous, with
its apical half irregularly striate. Abdomen rut'o-testaceous, with
the anus from the fifth segment black. Wings hyaline, with
stigma and nervures black ; the glabrous area with a single
corneous mark, broadly transverse below and roundly constricted
in front, basally round and apically slightly rounded inwardly ;
submarginal nervure two-thirds the length of the recurrent,
which is more than double its length from it.

Length ?

CEYLON {E. E. Green).

Cameron has entirely omitted to indicate the locality, sex and
length of this species, which he notes as being distinct from the
Javanese Opliion plicatus, Brulle (Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym. iv, p. 145),
though it possesses a similarly black-marked mesonotum. I am
unacquainted with the species.

289. Henicospilus striatus, Cam.

Enicospilus striatm, Cameron, Mancli. Mem. 1899, p. 103 (?<J).

c? $ . A flavous species, with the metanotuin striate. Head
with the face closely punctate, impressed above, with the epistoma
tuberculiform, nitidulous and blackish ; mandibles broadly black at

HESICOSMLUS. 393

their apices. Thorax with the mesonotum suhinfuscate, closely
punctate and with short white pubescence ; " the base of the
[median] segment deeply and widely depressed, the depression
stoutly longitudinally keeled in the middle; the apex in the
middle broadly deeply triangularly depressed. This basal part is
bordered by a stout transverse keel ; in front of this the segment
is irregularly longitudinally striated ; the apical half stoutly
striated, the strise curved, almost semicircular;" propleurae closely
and obliquely striate ; mesopleurae closely punctate, with their
apices broadly impressed below, and the base sinuately carinate
on the lower half. Scutellum gradually and distinctly constricted
upically, laterally carinate and basally closely punctate, with the
apex rugose, subpunctate and trans-aciculate, " at the apex below
there is a stout, curved keel, from the end of which on either
side, a curved keel runs to a transverse one." Abdomen immaculate.
Legs paler than the body, with the tibia? and tarsi flavidous.
Wings hyaline, with a single oblique, elongate and apically obtuse
corneous spot in the glabrous area ; stigma fulvous, nervures
blackish ; basal nervure not continuous through the median.

Length 16-24 millim.

ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Rothney, type); BHUTAN, vii. 95 (6'. G.
Dudgeon). CHINA ; SINGAPORE ; SARAWAK.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This species is said by its author to be known from H. reti-
culatus by its smaller size, immaculate thorax and abdomen, the
basal nervure not continuous, " by the scutellum not being dis-
tinctly narrowed towards the apex " (cf. supra), nor longitudinally
aciculate, but more distinctly carinate laterally. It is allied to
//. ceylonicus, but the metanotum is striate and not coarsely
shagreened, and the glabrous alar area bears but a single corneous
spot.

290. Henicospilus orientalis, sp. n.

<3 $ . A large dull and pale testaceous species, with only a
small black mark at the base of front wings behind the tegulse.
Head paler and stramineous, sulcate between the antennae to a
small carina above the face. Antenna} 25 millim in length.
Metanotum dull and shagreened beyond the subobsolete transverse
carina, with fine and indistinct trans-aciculations and the broad
central sulcus not deeply impressed. Wings with the basal nervure
not continuous through the median; first cubital cell strongly
convex above; radius strongly sinuate basally, with a single linear
corneous mark, higher at apex than base, beneath the centre of
its basal abscissa.

Length 23 millim.

CENTRAL INDIA (Hearsey) ; BOMBAY : Thana, nearPoona, xii. 85
(It. C. Wroughton) ; CEYLON (TJiwaites, type).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

394 ICHXKI \IOMD i .

The single linear corneous mark beneath the centre of the
basally bisinuate basal radial abscissa is unique in my knowledge.
This species is very like Allocamptus umhilatus, Grav., but with
the radius a little less strongly reflexed, the first discoidal cell
narrower though geniculate at the same point above, and the rneta-
thorax is scabrously circumstriate, but much less strongly than in
the latter species and A. sinuatus, Mori. It is also closely allied
to Henicospihis Jlavicaput, though at once known by the single
linear mark, the much more strongly sinuate base of the radius,
strongly curved first cubital nervure and less strongly sculptured
metathorax.

291. Henicospilus dasychirae, Cam.

Eniscospilus dasychira>, Cameron, Spolia Zevlanica, 1905, p. 12:J
($)•

$ . A pale luteous species, with no black markings. Htad pale
navous. Antenna*, red. Tkorctx with the metanotum basally
glabrous, the basal impression with u stout central and two or
three lateral carinse, " the base, behind the keel, is irregularly
striated ; the striae in the centre longitudinal, the others
irregularly transversely, the rest of the segment with close,
rather strong, regularly roundly curved stria? ; " pro pleura? closely
and obliquely striate, mesopleurae closely punctate, metapleura;
closely, coarsely and obliquely striate. Scutellum laterally carinate
throughout. Abdomen darker than pale luteous, especially
towards its anus. Leys immaculate, densely pilose, but more
sparsely on the tibiae and tarsi. Wings hyaline, with the stigma,
costa, and basal abscissa of the radius testaceous ; glabrous areu
with a single small pyriforin corneous mark ; transverse cubital
nervure slightly and roundly curved, as long as the recurrent ;
disco-cubital nervure centrally curved and incrassate, broadly
fenestrate.

Length 21 millim.

CEYLON : Pundaluoya (E. E. Green).

The type was bred by Green from the Vapourer Moth, DasycJiira
horsfieldi, Saund., in January.* I consider it probable that
this species is not distinct from the next ; 1 have seen no
specimens that I can ascribe to it.

292. Henicospilus horsfieldi, Cam.

Eniscospilm horsfieldi, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 124

(?)•

c? £ . So similar to the last-described species that no detailed
description is necessary ; therefrom it differs in having the sub-

* " I may here add tliat on the luth Ma}- an Ichneumonid insect escaped
from the cocoon found on the tea bush" among larva of Dasi/chira (Olene)
mendosa, Hiibn., on the 21st April at Tiphook in Assam (Watt, Pests of Tea
Plant, p. 234).

IIEXICOSPILUS. 395

marginal nervure straight, oblique, not distinctly rounded, but
distinctly shorter than the recurrent nervure, whereas in the last

species it is distinctly rounded
and as long as the recurrent
nervure ; the present is, too,
three millimetres shorter than
the last species. Cameron refers
to the thorax thus : — " Base of
metanotum shagreened ; the base
of the apical part has one or
two longitudinal keels ; the rest
with irregular, curved keels
pointing towards the apex; the
rest is closely covered with
roundly curved backwards stria),
which, at the apex, extend on
to the pleura?. Pro pleurae rather
. no. strongly obliquely striated in the

Henicospilus hortfiddi, Cam. middle ; the rnesopleurae in the

centre above broadly, and below
entirely striated ; the upper part of the metapleurae coarsely,
irregularly reticulated ; the rest closely, somewhat strongly T
obliquely striated."
Length 15-18 millim.

UNITED PROVINCES (Mrs. Home) • ASSAM (Bade/ley) • BENGAL :
Pusa and Chapra (Pusa coll.) ; BOMBAY : Bandra (-Dr. Jayaltar) ;
DECCAX (Col. Qodiv in- Austen) ; MADRAS: Nilgiri Hills (Oxford
Mus.), Bangalore (Ind. Mus.) ; CEYLOX : Peradeniya (E. E.
Green, type).
Var. glabratus, nov.

There is a form of this species with the corneous alar mark*
entirely wanting, and the face more closely sculptured and with
longer pubescence than in the type form, and the costa more
conspicuously blackish. 1 cannot, however, bring myself to
regard it as of specific rank in so unstable a genus as the present.
That it belongs here is, I think, sufficiently shown by the
conspicuously glabrous alar area. I have seen two specimens.
BENGAL : Chapra (Mackenzie).
Type in the Pusa collection.

293. Henicospilus crassus, Mori.

Henicospilus crassus, Morley, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912, p. 47

(d).

c? . A peculiarly small and squat, flavous-marked testaceous
species, with the head, legs, antennae, thorax, and especially the
metathorax, short and stout. Head posteriorly normal, not
constricted, and entirely bright flavous, with only the mandibles
darker ; face nitidulous and obsoletely punctate, with an incon-
spicuous tubercle below the testaceous and unusually stout

396

ICHXEUMOMU.K.

Fig. 111. — Hcnicos2nlus crasstis, Mori.

antenna, which are shorter thau the hody (length 10 millim.).
Tliorax short, stout, dull, and punctate ; testaceous, with four
anteriorly coalescent stripes on the inesouotum, most of prothorax,

mesopleurse apically and
below and broadly at the
base, and the inetathorax
(except on either side of its
base above), bright flavous ;
metanotum very short aud
irregularly punctate, with no
trace of transverse carinae,
but its apex irregularly
trans-aciculate and with a
short central longitudinal
carina ; pleurae closely punc-
tate, with no stria?, ticutel-
htm flavous, nitidulous,
deeply and isolatedly punc-
tate, with its sides cariuate
to apex. Abdomen hardly
double the length of the
head and thorax, uuicolorous testaceous, not very slender, with
the basal segment apically subincrassate. Leys distinctly short
and somewhat stout, with the outer intermediate calcar subobsolete.
Wings hyaline and not ample, with the apex of the front ones
unusually acute ; tegula3 and the narrow stigma testaceous ; costa of
both wings and the metacarpus blackish ; radius straight and very
little thickened basally, with a single triangular flavescent corneous
mark below its extreme base ; submarginal and second recurrent
nervures of equal length ; basal nervure subcoutiuuous through
the median.

Length 13 millim.
" INDIA " (Capt. Boys}.
Type in the Oxford Museum.

This species agrees with Szepligeti's description of //. vai-ieyatus
(Ann. Mus. Hungr. 1905, p. 519) from Turkestan, except in the
conformation of the head, which, though not broad, cannot be
said to be obliquely constricted posteriorly ; and he would
certainly have called attention to the peculiarly squat thorax,
which is quite distinct from that of any species of this genus with
which I am acquainted. The subobsolete external intermediate
calcaria, with the short rugose nietathorax, show traces of affinity
with Nototracliys.

XOTOTRACHYS. 397

Tribe NOTOTBACHIDES.
Genus NOTOTRACHYS, MarsJi.

Nototrachys, Marshall, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1872, p. 260.
Tracliynoius, Gravenhorst (nee Latr.), Iclm. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 713.

GENOTYPE, Oplnon foliator, F.

Head posteriorly dilated ; clypeus more or less discrete basally,
apically subimpressed on either side and bituberculate ; mandibles
with teeth of unequal length ; eyes oval and internally sub-
emarginate. Antennae slender and shorter than the body. Thorax
scabrous, with the metathorax rugose ; spiracles minute and
oblong. Scutellum laterally carinate throughout. Abdomen
slender, petiolate and compressed, with the two basal segments of
equal length, spiracles of the first beyond its centre, and the third
segment shorter: terebra exserted, with the valvulse apically
clavate. Tibiae somewhat stout, with the anterior unicalcarate ;
claws only sparsely pectinate basally. Wings short, with na
areolet ; second recurrent emitted from the evenly curved first
cubital cell.

Range. World-wide.

The generic characters may be regarded as representing those
of the tribe, since but one genus is at present known from India,
though Euc/nomus, Forst. (Terh. pr. Eheinl. 1868, p. 147),
differing in its basally areated metanotum and the second recurrent
being emitted beyond the submarginal nervure, has been recorded
by Tschek (Verb., z.-b. Ges. 1871, p. 67) from Asia Minor.

Ten American and three European species of this genus have
been described. It differs from all species of OPHIOXIDES in its
very short antennae and scabrously rugulosemesonotum. Bridgman
and Fitch very correctly regard this (Entom. 1884, p. 180) as a
group of transition between the OPHIONIDES and the ANOMALIDES,
with tendencies to a closer connection with the latter tribe, to
which it was first relegated by Holmgren (Ofv. 1858, p. 322).
I have recently shown (Eevis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912) that it can
hardly be regarded as distinct from the former, since transitional
forms occur in the Neotropical Eegion.

Table of £)>

1 (2) Metanotum and mesopleurae dull and

scabro-reticulate .................. foliator, Fab.

2 (1) Metanotum and mesopleurae with inter-

stices glabrous .................. variistriatm, Mori.

294. Nototrachys foliator, F.

Option foliator, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., Suppl. 1798, p. 239;

Blanchard, Hist. Nat. Ins. iii, p. 326.
Bassvs foliator, Fabricius, Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 100 ; Gravenhorst^

Germ. Mag. Ent. 1821, p. 271 ($ ?).

398 ICliNEUMOMU.E.

Ichneumon foliator, Thuuberg, Mem. Ac. Sc. Petersb. 1S±» i,. i'74 ;

id., op. cit. 1824, p. 347.
TracJiynotus foliator, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur, iii, 1829, p. 715 ;

Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, p. 13; Taschenberg, Hym.

Dent. 1886, p. 70 (c?$).
Xototrachys foliator, Bridgman & Fitch, Entom. 1884, p. 180

(<m

3 $ . A rufescent or black, very dull and rugose species, with
the head aud thorax nearly always more or less red. Head with
the frons and vertex somewhat nitidulous, the former finely
traus-aciculate and centrally very distinctly carinate; face and
clypeus closely and distinctly punctate, mandibles red. AnteniKK
slender, extending to apex of basal
segment, blackish throughout, 22-
jointed ; scape testaceous or black.
Thorax with the mesonotum irregularly
and not very strongly rugulose, more
finely laterally ; metanotuin and
mesopleurae scabrous and reticulate
throughout, not smooth between the
reticulations, and the latter not at all

rstriate above ; areola small, hexagonal
if I I an^ indistinct ; basal carina strong.

/ \ Scutellum rugulose and laterally stoutly

/ \ carinate. Abdomen glabrous and

nitidulous, with the basal shorter than
the second segment and apically
•pi- 112 incrassate ; terebra as long as the

Nototrackyt foliator, V. second segment. Leys entirely testa-
ceous, with the hind tibiae, except

their invariably white base, darker or black, with the anterior legs
paler ; hind tibiae longer than their tarsi, with the calcaria normal
and of equal length. Wings hyaline, with the apices subinfumate,
nervures and stigma black ; basal nervure continuous through
median; internal cubital nervure roundly curved; nervellus not
intercepted.

Length 10-14 millim.

PUNJAB : Kangra Valley, 4500 ft., iv. 99 (G. C. Dudgeon) ;
BENGAL : Chapra, iii. 06 (Mackenzie), Pusa, vii. 06 (Pusa coll.),
Calcutta, Bettiah and Katihar (Ind. Mus.) ; CENTRAL PROVINCES :
Hoshangabad (Pusa coll.) ; BOMBAY : Poona, ix. 86 (11. C.
\Vrovyhton) ; CEYLON : Colombo, v. 04 (0. S. Wick-war) ; BURMA :
Moulmein (N. Annandale). EUROPE ; NORTH AFRICA.

Very variable in colour; specimens I possess from Ajaccio,
taken by the Kev. T. A. Marshall, are black, with the head and
thorax only sparsely marked with red ; but most of the Indian
examples I have seen are bright testaceous with only the abdomen
infuscate, while one male has the whole scutellum and most of
the black-marked thorax clear flavous, though no structural
distinctions are traceable. "VVroughton took an almost entirely

NOTOTKAC1LYS. 399

black male at Poona ; and Dudgeon a flavous and black J , with
testaceous $ $ , in the Kangra Valley.

This is known to be a widely distributed species throughout
Europe, from Sweden to northern Africa, though rarer further
north and very doubtfully British, since the only record of which
L am aware is by Ingpen in 1839 (in his " Instructions," p. 62).
Dr. Giraud tells us tbat Ferris once bred this species from the
heteromerous beetle, Hymenonis doublieri, Muls.

[I here transcribe the descriptions of two species, thought by
their author to be new, "which appear to be nothing but represen-
tatives of the innumerable colour varieties of the above protean
species : —

Nototrachus rufo-orbitalis, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1906, p. 276($).

"Black; the eye orbits narrowly below, more broadly above,
dark rufous ; behind extending on to the ocelli ; and on it,
opposite the ocelli, is a yellowish mark. The fore legs are
fuscous tinged with yellow ; the four hinder black, their knees
yellow ; the hind tibia? are fuscous on the inner side. Wings
hyaline, the stigma and nervures blackish.

" Face and clypeus shining, sparsely punctured ; the front
keeled down the middle, stoutly, irregularly obliquely striated ;
the sides sparsely punctured ; the vertex is smooth and shining.
Pronotum irregularly, transversely striated. Mesonotum stoutly,
irregularly reticulated ; the middle lobe is broadly bordered by
dark rufous. Scutellum transversely striated, almost reticulated ;
the apical half is dark rufous ; the sides are stoutly keeled, the
keels meeting in the middle. Metanotum stoutly reticulated ;
there is a smooth area, longer than wide, in the centre of the
base. Pro- and meso-pleurae, except the upper half of the latter
at the apex, closely, stoutly, longitudinally striated, the striae
running into each other ; the metapleurae stoutly longitudinally
striated-reticulated. The upper part of the propleura is broadly
rufous. Abdomen smooth, bare, and shining. Length 7 millim ;
terebra 2 millim."

BALUCHISTAN : Quetta, v. 02 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

The type is a very small insect, differing from N. folialor only
in having the upper basal nervure slightly less curved immediately
above the median, and the median of the hind wing not at all
curved above the nervellus. Probably it is no more than a small
local race.

Nototrachus flavo-orbitalis, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc. 1907, p. 591 ( $ ).

" Head and thorax rufous, the face, except in the centre above,
the orbits broadly all round, a line on the sides of mesonotum,
dilated roundly, inwardly at the base, scutellum, except the basal
slope and more narrowly at the apex, a line on the lower part of

400 ICHNEUMOXIDJE.

propleurae, dilated at the apex, a small, triangular mark below the
tegulffl, a larger one in the middle below, a still larger, triangular
mark below the hind wings and the apical half of metanotum,
the spot narrowly dilated in the middle above, yellow ; the ocellar
region and the front broadly — the mark broadest above — a mark
on the base of propleurae in the middle, the scutellar depression
and keels, the lower sides broadly, a spot covering the spiracles
on metanotum and the abdomen, except the basal half of 1st
segment (which is dull red), black. Four front legs rufo-fulvous,
the coxae yellow ; the hind legs black, the coxa3 rufous, the femora
largely rufous. Wings hyaline, iridescent, not much longer than
the head and thorax united; the stigma and nervures black.
Antenna; black, the scape rufous below.

" Face closely, the clypeus sparsely punctured ; the latter
broadly black above, narrowed below to a point which is bidentate ;
the black central part of front strongly transversely striated and
keeled down the middle, the sides punctured. Vertex sparsely
punctured laterally and between the ocelli. Mesonotum reticu-
lated, the base in the centre finely, minutely punctured, the sides
transversely striated ; the outer edges with large, clearly separated
punctures. Scutellum coarsely punctured ; the lateral keels black,
distinct. Base of metanotum bordered by a transverse keel,
smooth, with two keels in the middle ; the rest reticulated and
thickly covered with longish white pubescence. Propleuraj
smooth at the base, the apex above punctured, the rest stoutly,
longitudinally striated. Mesopleuras rugosely punctured; more
or less reticulated, the top stoutly striated at the base, smooth at
the apex ; the apex with stout stria?. Metapleura3 reticulated.
Abdomen ab least three times longer than the thorax, very smooth
and shining. Length 9 millim."

BOMBAY: Deesa, ii.99 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This male is identical with the one in the Pusa collection,
referred to above, and with another in the Oxford Museum,
simply labelled " India " ; but I can trace no structural distinc-
tions.]

295. Nototrachys variistriatus, Mori.

Nototrachys reticulatus, Cameron (nee Cresson), Spolia Zeylanica,

1905, p. 128 ( £ ).
Nolotrachi/s oariistriatus, Morley, Revis. Ichn. Brit. Mus. 1912,

p. 70(|).

$ . A black species, with the legs dull testaceous in part.
Head with the frons and vertex nitidulous, the former finely
trans-aciculati- and centrally longitudinally carinate ; face obso-
letely, and clypeus closely, punctate ; mandibles red. Antennas
slender, extending to apex of basal segment, densely pubescent
and black, sometimes becoming testaceous apically, twenty-jointed,
with the apical as long as the two penultimate united ; scape bright

:XOTOTBACHYS. 401

testaceous, and the basal flagellar joint distinctly longer than the
second. TJiorax with mesonotum strongly and irregularly rugose,
closely and strongly punctate laterally ; metanotum smooth, with
a network of very strong carinse, more distinct on the basal than
ou the apical slope ; the base bordered by a keel and with a small
area, longer than broad and of equal width in the centre ; pro-
pleurae glabrous and apically stoutly striate; mesopleurae smooth
with rugulose carinse and above strongly, subobliquely striate ;
metapleurae rugulose and irregularly reticulate. Scutellum more
broadly and irregularly reticulate than mesonotum, and laterally
stoutly carinate ; its basal fovea large, broad and deeply impressed.
Abdomen glabrous and nitidulous, with the two basal segments as
long as the head and thorax, the first shorter than second and
apically dilated ; terebra as long as second segment. Legs :
anterior pair iufuscate testaceous ; the hind ones black, with their
tarsi longer than the tibiae, slender and very finely spinulose,
their claws minute ; calcaria normal and of equal length. Wings
hyaline, with their apices subinfumate, and the nervures and
stigma black ; basal nervure continuous through the median ;
internal cubital nervure roundly curved ; third discoidal cell
basally more than half its apical breadth ; nervellus not
intercepted.

Length 7-9 millim.

CEYLON : Peradeniya, vi., vii. and ix. 09, ii. 10 (E. E. Green).

In my copy of Cameron's paper, the name reticulatus is erased
and " varistriatiis " substituted in MS. Cameron owns to
ignorance of the genus Nototractiys, but considers the present
species to agree well with the description of authors. His
position of it is so correct that at first I was puzzled to separate
it from N. foliator, but the face is subglabrous, the metanotum
and mesopleurae strongly and regularly reticulate, with the inter-
stices glabrous and nitidulous, and the latter are strongly and
regularly strigose above, the tarsi are longer than the tibiae, the
orbits immaculate, and all red coloration is wanting.

Tribe ANOMALIDES.

This tribe is one of the most distinctive among the ICHNETT-
MONID^E, and few of its members can be mistaken for those of auy
other section. Exceptions occur, however, as in most of our arti-
ficial divisions ; thus the NOTOTBACHIDES are very similar in their
abdominal conformation and scabrous sculpture, though at once
known by the unicalcarate intermediate tibiae; my new genus
Metanomalon is aberrant wherever placed, and connects the present
tribe with the CAMPOPLEGJDES, by the possession of a more or
less complete areolet; and Cameron here placed his genus
Tarytia, though I am convinced of its Cremastid affinities upon
examining the types. Little difficulty should, however, be ex-
perienced in recognising the ANOMALIDES if account be taken of

402 ICHNEUMONIU-E.

the slender facies, stout head, coarse thoracic sculpture, slender
antennae, and narrow wings, with the more salient features, such
as the distinctly broadened hind tarsi, apically produced meta-
thorax and the entire lack of all trace of an areolet, which is
emphasised by the external cubital nervure extending straight
from the second recurrent nervure to the apex of the wing.

Compared with the present condition of the other tribes, we
may consider this group, as it now stands, as fairly representative,
probably on account of the large size and conspicuous coloration of
the majority of its species, though doubtless the following is but
a tithe of those that remain to be discovered.

Table of Genera.

1 (18) Areolet entirely wanting; meso-

notum sculptured.
•2 (17) Eyes glabrous ; scutellum not

apically eniarginate.

3 (4) Apex of clypeus broadly reflexed [p. 403.

and bilobed SCHIZOLOMA, Wesni.,

4 (3) Apex of clypeus neither reflexed

nor bilobed.

5 (6) First hind tarsal joint nearly four [p. 405.

times the length of second .... HETEROPEI.MA, Wesm.,

6 (5) First hind tarsal joint hardly

longer than double the second.

7 (14) Nervellus distinctly intercepted

and geniculate.

8 (9) First recurrent emitted near cen-

tre of first cubital cell EXOCHILUM, Wesni., p. 408.

9 (8) First recurrent emitted very dis-

tinctly before centre.

10 (13) Second recurrent continuous with

submarginal nervure.

11 (12) Head very strongly buccate; hind [p. 414.

tarsi spatuliform MAGNIBUCCA, Mori.,

12 (11) Head not strongly buccate ; hind

tarsi normal BARYLYPA, Fo'rst., p. 415.

13 (10) Second recurrent emitted beyond

submarginal nervure ". . . . ANOMALON, Jur., p. 420.

14 (7) Nervellus neither intercepted nor

geniculate.

15 (16) Neuration of hind wings more or

less complete AGRYPON, Fo'rst., p. 424.

16 (15) Neuration of hind wing entirely

wanting apically CLATHA, Cam., p. 427.

17 (2) Eyes distinctly pilose ; scutellum [p. 428.

apically eniarginate THICHOMMA, Wesm.,

18 (1) Areolet subcomplete ; mesonotum [p. 431.

entirely glabrous METANOMALON, Mori.,

SCHIZOLOMA. 403

Genus SCHIZOLOMA, Wesm.
Schizoloma, Wesmael, Bull. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 120.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon amictus, F.

Head closely punctate and somewhat buccate posteriorly ; frons
with a central horn near base of antennae ; face not transverse,
gradually and strongly constricted towards the mouth ; clypeus
hardly discrete, laterally foveate, with its apex bilobed and
broadly reflexed ; eyes large, glabrous and broader below ; man-
dibular teeth very unequal in length, cheeks not excised. Antennae
somewhat shorter than the body. Thorax closely punctate ;
notauli feebly impressed ; metabhorax deeply impressed centrally
at the apex. Scutellum black, and longitudinally sulcate centrally.
Abdomen compressed, with the basal segment sublinear ; terebra
shortly exserted, with the valvulse narrowly lanceolate. Legs
slender ; hind tarsi spatuliform, with the basal joint almost double
the length of the second, their claws basally laminate and apically
strongly inflexed ; two basal joints of J strongly dilated. Kadius
emitted' before centre of stigma, basal nervure subcontinuous ;
nervellus postfurcal and intercepted above its centre ; first re-
current nervure emitted from centre of first cubital cell ; internal
cubital subcontinuous with the median nervure.

Range. United States, Europe, India.

This genus is quite distinct in the straight lower side of the
disco-cubital cell, which emits the first recurrent from its centre,
and in the reflexed clypeus.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Vertical orbits flavous ; internal cubital

emitted lower fulvicornis, Cam.

2 (1) Vertical orbits immaculate ; internal

cubital emitted higher amicta, F.

1296. Schizoloma fulvicornis, Cam.

Schizoloma fulvicorne, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 10-1 (3 $).

Jlead black, with the face, the strongly punctate clypeus (except
basally), frontal orbits (more broadly below and subinterrupted
from vertical orbits), external orbits shortly, and mandibles
(except at their apices), flavous ; temples strongly, and vertex
more strongly, punctate. Antennce fulvous, becoming flavidous
apically ; scape flavous, with dense long pale hairs. Thorax
immaculate, with dense fulvescent pubescence; pro- and meso-
thorax closely and strongly punctate ; metathorax strongly
reticulate, " at the base the areae are longer than broad, in the
middle broader than long ; in the middle at the apex the keels
form a large area rounded and narrowed at the base, and having
inside of it three stout, slightly curved keels ; " propleurae centrally

404 ICHNEUMOXIDJB.

striolafre behind ; mesopleurao basally striate and irregularlv
reticulate, with their apical impression crenulate; metapleune
strongly and irregularly reticulate, broadly impressed basally
above. Scutellum with dense long dark hairs ; its base hardly more
strongly punctate than the mesonotuin, its sides longitudinally
striolate throughout, and the apex centrally rugose. Abdomen
ferruginous, with the two basal segments discally black. Leys :
anterior pairs flavous, with the femora subfulvescent ; hind coxto
black, apically rnfescent and (in <$ ) flavous centrally beneath ;
their trochanters bright red, the femora and the basal two-thirds
of the tibia3 dark red ; apices of hind tibiae black ; hind tarsi ful-
vescent flavous and densely pilose, with the second joint flattened
internally and in tf dilated apically. Wings fulvescerit hyaline,
with the stigma fulvous and the nervures darker ; internal cubital
nervure emitted from the upper third of the submarginal.

Lew/ill 25-33 millim.

UNITED PROVINCES : Mussoori, 7500 ft., viii. 06 (//. M. Lefroy
— Pusa coll.) ; ASSAM : Khasi Hills (lloihney, type)

Type in the Oxford Museum.

297. Schizoloma amicta, F.

Ichneumon nmictust Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 341; id., Syst.

Ins. 1781, p. 436 ; id., Mant. Ins. i, p. '269 • Villers, Linn. Ent.

iii, 1789, p. 200; Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat. I. v, 1790, p. 2710;

llossi, Mant. 1792, p. 123; Fabrici'us, Ent. Syst, ii, 1793, p. 181.
Ophion (tmictus, Fabricius, Ent. Syst., Suppl. 1798, p. 237; id., Syst.

Piez. 1804, p. 133; Olivier, Encycl. M«h. viii, 1811, p. 511.
Anomalon amictum, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 650 ;

liatzeburg, Ichn. d. Forst. i, p. 88 ; ii, p. 77 ; Vollenhoven,

Pinac.pl. in, tig. 5 (J?).

Therion amictum, Curtis, Brit. Ent. xvi, pi. 736 ( 3 ).
Schizoloma amictum, Wesmael, Bull. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 120 ;

Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Ilandl. 1854, p. 24; id., op. cit. 1858, p. 13 ;

Kirchner, Lotos, 1856, p. 234 ; Bridgman & Fitch, Entom. 1884,

p. 181 ; Thomson, Opusc. Eut. xvi, 1892, p. 1757 (rf $).

A large black species, with red abdomen and legs ; at once
known from the whole of the other ANOMALIDES by its distinct ly
reflexed and bilobed clypeus.

Length 18-26 uiillim.

UNITED PROVINCES : Mussoori, vii. 05 (E. P. Stebbing). EUROPE .

Type in the British Museum.

No detailed description of this species is requisite here, since
Cameron's description of the preceding species will very well
represent the present one in every way, with the sole exception
of its flavous vertical orbits which, in my experience, are always
black in Fabricius's insect. S. amicta is stouter and more densely
pilose, with the thorax broader and the metathorax shorter, the
hind coxae and trochanters are less elongate and the head more
buccate on the vertex, the notauli less deeply impressed, the

SCHIXOLOM A. — HETEUOriiLMA. 405

clypeus more strongly elevated, though not more distinctly
bilobed, and the internal cubital nervure is emitted from the

submarginal very much nearer
the radial nervure, which is less
curved at its base.

I have also seen three males
in Westwood's collection at Ox-
ford, taken in " India " by
Boys. This is a considerable
extension of its known range,
which was previously supposed
to be confined to Europe,
throughout which, however, it
is sufficiently frequent ; it is
very common in Britain and
the Oriental examples differ
in no way from British speci-
Fig. 113. — Schizoloma amicta, F. mens in my collection ; it has
frequently been bred from

Bombycid moths and rarely from pupae of Noctuids, to which I
believe it to be specially attached, since I have frequently
received specimens bred from Aplecta nebulosa, Tr.'

Genus HETEROPELMA, Wesm.
Heteropelma, Wesruael, Bull. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 120.

GENOTYPE, H. calcator, "Wesm.

Head somewhat constricted posteriorly, closely punctate and
densely pubescent. Antennae shorter than the body. Thorax
closely punctate and somewhat densely pubescent; notauli
distinct; metathorax reticulate rugose with no carinse. Scutellum
deplanate and longitudinally canaliculate. Legs slender with the
hind ones elongate ; hind metatarsus at least thrice as long as
the second joint ; claws geniculate and not pectinate ; d with the
two basal joints of hind tarsi spatuliform. Brachial cell extending
to centre of first cubital cell, with the brachial and discoidal cells
of equal length ; second recurrent emitted from external cubital
beyond the submarginal nervure; lower basal nervure slightly
postf urcal ; nervellus intercepted at or above its centre.

Range. Europe, North and Central America, India, Burma,
^Formosa.

This is a genus of only some half-dozen species, of which the
type alone occurs in Europe, the remainder being American.
Geometrid and Noctuid moths have been instanced as its hosts.
I have seen all our indigenous species.

The genus may be instantly recognised by the extraordinary
length of the basal hind tarsal joint.

400 ICHXEUMOXID.T.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Frons scabrous ; hind coxae and base

of abdomen red.

2 (3) Scutellum entirely, and external orbits

nearly entirely, black calcator, Wesm., p. 40(5.

3 (2) Scutellum, and external orbits very

broadly, flavous orbitalis, Mori., p. 407.

4 (1) Frons reticulate ; hind cox;p and ab-

domen black above fulvitarsis. Cam., p. 407.

298. Heteropelma calcator, Wesm.

Anomalon xanthopus, Gravenhorst (>iec Schr.), Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829r

p. 652 (excl. <?).
Heteropelma calcato); Wesmael, Bull. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 120 ( 5 ) ;

Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, p. 15; Bridgman & Fitch,

Entom. 1884, p. 187 (rf $); cf. Kirchner, Lotos, 1856, p. 234,

pi. 11.
Anomaltm (Heteropelma} calcator, Holmgren, Ofv. Sv. Ak. Filrlu

1858, p. 322 ; Thomson. Opusc. Ent. xvi, 1892, p. 1758 ( c? $ ).
Heteropelma reticulatttm. Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. HO

(?$)•

cJ 5 . Head black, with the face, clypeus, mandibles (except
their teeth), palpi, the external obscurely and the frontal orbits
shortly, fulvescent flavous ; frons finely rugose, vertex irregularly
reticulate ; frontal orbits distinctly carinate and with dense dark
hairs ; face with sparse long dark
hairs ; epistorna circularly prominent
and strongly though irregularly trans-
striate ; clypeus less strongly punctate,
centrally transverse and laterally
oblique; mandibles basally punctate,
with the teeth slightly unequal.
Antenna* red. TJiorax immaculate
and with dense dark hairs; meso-
notum closely, and in the centre
rugo'sely, punctate, with its base
coarsely trans-striate and the notauli
distinct ; metathorax coarsely and
Fi 114 strongly reticulate, distinctly con-

Heteroptlma calcator, Wesm. stricted apically; propleurse coarsely
and obliquely striate, basally glabrous

and apically strongly aciculate above ; mesopleurse irregularly
striate basally, becoming reticulate centrally, with their apices
strongly crenulate ; metapleurae stoutly trans-carinate above and
l>elow ; mesosternum finely punctate, with the interpectoral sulcus
somewhat dilated apically and with five transverse carina?. Scu-
tellum coarsely trans-striate. AMomen red, with the petiolar
spiracles near apex of basal segment. Legs: anterior pairs fulvous,
with the coxae and Irochanters flavous; hind ones red, with the
apical fourth of their tibia? black, the metatarsus more than four

HETEROPELMA. 407

times the length of the second joint and double that of the four
apical united ; hind tarsi longer than their tibiae, with simple claws.
Wings f ulvescent, with the stigma testaceous and the tegulae red.

Length 20-22 inillim.

SIKKIM (Knyvett— Ind. Mus.); ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Eothney
— Oxf. Mus.), Margherita (Ind. Mus.). WESTEHX EUEOPE.

Type in the Brussels Museum.

From our other two species of this genus, the present is at once
known by its scabrous and not reticulate frons and the almost
immaculate external orbits of the eyes, which are so narrowly and
obscurely flavous as to have escaped Cameron's notice.

I have seen two females, in the Calcutta Museum, agreeing
perfectly in all other respects with Cameron's diagnosis of
//. reticulatum, but with fulvescent wings. These are a little
larger than the usual German form, which extends only to at
most 20 milliru., and are correspondingly more coarsely sculptured ;
but I can trace no specific distinction from examples captured by
myself in the New Forest. I am not aware that its distribution
has hitherto been known to extend into Eastern Europe.

299. Heteropelma orbitalis, Mori.

Heteropelma orbitalis, Morley, Rev. Mm. Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 69.

<5 . A red species, with the head and thorax black ; the former
with the mouth, face, frontal orbits shortly and external very
broadly throughout, flavous ; the latter with the scutellum, post-
scutellum and tegulse dull flavescent ; second abdominal segment
and the anus discally infuscate ; legs immaculate; wings hyaline.

Length 18 millim.

BURMA : Karen Hills, 1300-2000 ft., xi. 88 (L. Fea).

Type in the Genoa Museum.

This species is so similar to the last as to need no detailed
description ; it agrees with it throughout in sculpture, though
the coloration, and especially that of the wings, renders it
abundantly distinct. Described from a single male.

300. Heteropelma fulvitarsis, Cam.

Heteropelma fulvif arse, Cameron, Mancli. Mem. 1899, p. Ill (§).

<$ $ . Head black, with the face, clypeus, frontal orbits, and
mandibles (except their teeth) flavous ; clypeus and face coarsely
and somewhat sparsely punctate, with sparse long white hairs ;
frons and vertex coarsely obliquely, and above closely, aciculate.
Antenna; dark red, with tlie flagellum basaily darker above. Thorax
immaculate; mesonotum strongly punctate laterally and irregu-
larly reticulate discally ; metathorax strongly reticulate; propleurae
strongly striolate centrally, obliquely aciculate below and apically
punctate above ; mesopleurse closely and finely punctate, with
their apices centrally glabrous ; mesosternum sparsely punctate
with the interpectoral sulcus shallow, considerably dilated apically
and with four transverse carinse. Abdomen elongate and red, with

403

1< HM.l.MOXIDJE.

the two basal segments more or less discally black. Leys dark red,
with the anterior flavidous in front; hind coxae broadly above,
the apical third of their tibiae, and their onychii, black ; hind tarsi
spinose, with their basal joint fully four times the length of the

second and double that of the
remainder united. Winys
infumate-hyaline; "the re-
current uervure is received
shortly before the middle of
the cellule; the transverse
median shortly before the
transverse basal ; " stigma
testaceous.

Length 17 millim.

ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Eoth-
ney, type) ; BURMA : Karen
Hills, 3000-3700 ft. (L.Fed).
FORMOSA.

Type in the Oxford
Museum.

" A smaller and more
slender species than H. reti-
culatum ; may be known

from it by the petiole aud
hinder COS{B being bkck

above, by the front and

vertex being distinctly reticulated, by the apex of the petiole not
being abruptly narrowed into a point, but nai-rowed gradually,
and by the much shallower mesosternal furrow." (Cameron, Z. c.)
I have seen a male in the Genoa Museum which agrees so per-
fectly with the description of the female as to leave no doubt
respecting their relationship. I canuot consider a male taken in
Formosa by Wileman in 1908 as distinct, though the hind coxae
are immaculate red.

Fig. llb.-Heteropelmafulvitarsis, Cam.

Genus EXOCHILUM, Wesm.
Exochilum, Wesmael, Bull. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 121.

GEXOTYPE. Ichneumon circumflexus, L.

Head closely punctate ; eyes glabrous, face transverse ; frons
with a small ridge or a horn behind the base of the antennae;
labrum distinctly exserted, clypeus apically roundly truncate,
mandibular teeth of unequal length. Antennae not elongate.
Mesonoturn closely punctate. Scutellum usually flavous. Terebra
shortly exserted, with the valvulae narrowly lanceolate. Hind
tarsi with the basal joint about double the length of the second,
and their claws slender ; the second and third of J strongly
spatuliforrn. Second recurrent nervure emitted beyond the sub-
marginal ; basal nervure subcontinuous ; first recurrent emitted
from, and not before, centre of first cubital cell ; nervellus rarely

EXOCIIILUM. 409

strongly geniculate, but very distinctly intercepted nearly in its
centre.

Ranye. World-wide.

The species of this genus are mainly from Northern America ;
but one or two occur in Africa and others are very common in
Europe, though their range has hitherto been ascertained only as
far east as Palestine. It is of interest to find them in the
mountains of Assam.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Antennae as long1 as thorax ; scutellum

bordered ; clypeus produced barbaticum, sp. n., p, 409.

2 (1) Antennae longer ; scutellum not

bordered ; clypeus simple.

3 (8) Wiugs fulvescent-hyaline ; metanotum

reticulate.

4 (7) Frons with a small ridge; scutellum

not centrally impressed.

5 (6) Head buccate ; scutellum convex ;

external orbits hardly pale circumjiexum, L., p. 410.

6 (5) Head narrow ; scutellum deplanate ;

external orbits fiavous orbitale, Mori., p. 411.

7 (4) Frons with a horn ; scutellum longi-

tudinally impressed acheron, Mori., p. 412.

8 (3) Wings strongly blackish; metanotum

rugose diabolus, Mori., p. 413.

301. Exochilum barbaricum, sp. n.

c? $ . A stout species with very short antenna and bordered
scutellum. Head dull black and not posteriorly constricted, with
the mouth and face flavous, the
vertical and external orbits nar-
rowly red ; clypeus centrally pro-
duced into a subacuminate tooth ;
mandibles of equal length. An-
tennae setaceous, black, with the
scape basally pale beneath, of <j>
not and of d" hardly longer than
thorax. Thorax black, coarsely
punctate, with no notauli ; meta-
notum with oval spiracles and no
trace of areas ; extreme apical
margin of mesopleurse, and an
apical spot on metapleura3, red.
Scutellum convex and not im-
pressed, strongly punctate, red,
•pi 116 with its sides black and stoutly

Exochilum barbaricum, Mori. carinate. Abdomen clear red,
with the anus and extreme base

of first segment black ; basal segment distinctly a little longer
than the terebra, with subapical spiracles. Leys red, with the

410 ICHNEUMOMD-i:.

anterior coxa?, at least above, and the hind ones entirely, black ;
hind trochanters basally, the whole of their femora, the apical
third of their tibia? and apices of the first and second tarsal joints,
black ; basal hind tarsal joint double the length of the following.
Wings hyaline, with the first recurrent nervure emitted but
slightly before the centre of the first cubital cell ; intercubital
nervure oblique and distinctly preceding the second recurrent ;
nervellus postfurcal, intercepted but hardly geniculate near its
centre.

Length 15-18 millim.

TIBET : Gyangtse, 13,000 ft., vi. 04 (H. J. Walton).

Type in the British Museum.

The abbreviated antenna?, bordered scutellum and produced
clypeus are so distinct as possibly to justify the erection of a new
genus for this species.

I have drawn the above description from eleven specimens of
both sexes.

H02. Exochilum circumflexum, L.

Ichneumon circumfexm, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. x, 1758, p. 566 ;
Fabricius, Syst. Ent. 1775, p. 341 ; Rossi, Fauna Etrusc. ii,
1790, p. 52.

Ichneumon ramidulus, Christ, Naturg. Ins. 1791, p. 357, pi. xxxviif
fig. 2.

Ophion circumflexm, Fabricius, Syst. Piez. 1804, p. 133 ; Olivier,
Encycl. Meth. viii, 1811, p. 511 ;" Dumerc, Mem. Ac. Paris, 18(50,
p. 895.

Anomalon circumflexus, Jurine, Hym. p. 116: Lucas, Expl. Sc.
Alg. iii, p. 327.

Anomalon circumflexum, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iii, 1829, p. 643 ;
Brull€, Exped. Sc. Moree, ii, 1832, p. 380 ; Ratzeburg, Ichn. d.
Forst. i, p. 87 ; ii, p. 77 ; Vollenhoven, Piuac. pi. iii, tig. 6 ( $)

Exochilum circwnfiexum, Wesmael, Bull. Sc. Brux. 1849, p. 122 ;
Kirchner, Lotos, 1856, p. 234 ; Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858,
p. 14; id., Ofv. 1858, p. 322; Bridgman & Fitch, Entom. 1884,
p. 181 ; Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xvi, 1892, p. 1759 (<?$).

Var. Anomalon gif/anteum, Gravenhorst, op. cit. p. 647 ; cf. Ratze-
burg, Ichn. d.' Forst. i, p. 87 (3 5).

Anomalon mussouriense, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 26 ( $ ').

<3 $ . Head with dense long fulvous hairs, black, with the
internal orbits more broadly in front, face above, clypeus, labruni
and mandibles (except at base and apex), fulvescent flavous ;
palpi red ; frons and vertex coarsely and rugosely punctate ; face
and clypeus coarsely punctate and laterally depressed. Antenna'
fulvous, with the two basal joints (comprising scape) entirely, and
the third above, black. Thorax strongly punctate, with short dark
pubescence, black, with the inetapleurae, and mesopleurae apically,
fulvous-marked and the apical mesopleural suture flavous ; meta-
notum coarsely reticulate, centrally impressed, and the apex
sinuately trans-carinate centrally. Scutellum flavous. Abdomen

EXOCIIILUM. 411

fulvous, with the second, fifth and sixth segments discally black-
lined, and the third to sixth laterally broadly black. Legs red,
with the anterior paler and subflavidous ; posterior coxae except
basally, and the apices of both the hind femora and tibiae, black
Wings unicolorous int'umate-fulvous ; stigma and costa fulvous ;
nervures infuscate.

Length 17-22 millirn.

PUNJAB : Simla, 7000 ft., v. 97, x. 07 (Col. Nurse, H. M. Lefroy) ;
UNITED PROVINCES : Mussoori (Rotlmey) : ASSAM : Shilloiig,
6000 ft., iv. 03 (Roivland Turner). EUROPE.

The stout conformation, flavous scutellum, and conspicuously
black apices of both the hind tibiae and femora, render this hand-
some species easily recognised.

Eatzeburg has traced the life-history of this species from the
egg in his ' Die Ichneumonen ' (i, pp. 80-87 ; cf. pi. ix, figs. 11-22),
and this ma}7 well be consulted as a typical account of the deve-
lopment of IOHBBDMOFIDJB.

There is a male in Col. Nurse's collection which Cameron had
named A. mussouriense. This circumstance has enabled me to
synonymise the latter's species with the Palaearctic variety
giganteum, Grav., as brought forward by Eatzeburg and "Wesmael.
The typical form of E. circumflexum is common throughout
Europe, but this variety, which averages larger and extends to
30 millirn. in length, occurs principally in the south. It prey.8
upon the larvae of large Bombycid moths.

303. Exochilum orbitale, Mori.

E.vochilum orbitale, Moiiey, Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mas. ii, 1913, p. 78.

c? 5 . A red species with the head and thorax, excepting the
flavous mouth, face, frontal and very broad external orbits, tegulae
and scutellum, black ; head not posteriorly buccate, antennae
slender and elongate.

Length 22 millim.

BUEMA : Karen Hills, 3000-3700 ft. (L. Fea).

Type in the Genoa Museum.

This is too closely allied to the last species to need a detailed
description ; therefrom it differs in its more slender and elongate
form, legs and antenna?, the posteriorly narrower head, with its
conspicuous flavous external and vertical orbits, the entirely pale
frontal cristula and scape, deplanate scutellum, and immaculate
red hind femora and coxae.

I associate the male with some degree of doubt ; the sculpture
and all essential points are analogous, but the external orbits are
pale only below, and both the frontal cristula and scutellum are
immaculate black ; however, I greatly dislike erecting new species
on unsatisfactory evidence, and the only male I have yet seen is
a broken example from Shillong, Assam, GOOO ft., ix. 03 (Roivland
Turner).

412

ICHVEUMOMD.i:.

Fig. 117.

acheron, Mori.

;*04. Exochilum acheron, Mori.

Exochilum acheron, Morley, Rev. Iclm. Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 79.

6 $ . A red species, with only the thorax and part of the head
black. Head nearly as broad as the thorax and in $ not strongly
buccate posteriorly ; frons and
vertex irregularly strigose, the
former centrally carinate, with a
somewhat elongate horn between
the ficrobes ; face in botli sexes
flavous, largely and superficially
punctate, somewhat shining ;
clypeus concolorous, apically
truncate and subglabrous ; cheeks
wanting ; mandibles (except api-
cally), frontal orbits broadly above
and below, the genal and centre
of external orbits, flavous. An-
tennce piceous (13 millim. in
length), with their apical third
clear fulvous ; scape entirely
ttavous. Thorax black and ru-
gosely punctate, with the meso-
pleura) smoother and a pale
-callosity beneath radices ; notauli indicated ; metanotiun with
long black hairs, extremely strongly reticulate, with the inter-
stices smooth, its produced apex trans-striate and laterally
elevated. Scutellum (in the typical form) black, subquadrate,
longitudinally strigose and centrally impressed. Abdomen red and
discally linear, with the second and centre of first segment infus-
cate or black; basal segment slightly explanate laterally at its
apical fifth and somewhat distinctly immediately before its apex;
terebra 1 millim. in length. Legs red, with the anterior tibiae and
tarsi flavidous, and only the apical third of the hind tibiae black :
hind metatarsus fully double the length of the second joint and
both spatuliform, with their tarsal claws strongly recurved and
basally distinctly lobate. Winys slightly fulvescent, with the
tegula; and stigma fulvous ; first recurrent emitted from centre of
the internal cubital nervure ; basal nervure subcontinuous; nervellus
distinctly geniculate, postfurcal and intercepted above its centre.
Length 20-24 millim.
Type in the Oxford Museum.

This can hardly be the unknown $ of E. signatum, Grav.,
though certainly closely allied thereto as regards its elongate
pilosity. The type is an old specimen and quite possibly rubbed,
but the abdomen is by no means unusually short.

There is a pair of this species in the Calcutta Museum, which
differs from the above description only in the flavous scutellum ;
I propose to term this, var. scutellatum. The pair in question
was captured at Sadiya in Assam, whence the typical form also
•originates.

EXOCniLUM. 413:

I have seen two females of this species at Oxford, in "West-
wood's collection, captured in " India " by Boys ; and in the
British Museum is a nice series, taken in " India " by Baly in
1851 and "Northern India" by Captain Eeid in 1855. Its range
is probably wide, since Fortune took it at Shanghai in 1854 and
Bo wring at Hong-Kong in 1861.

305. Exochilum diabolus, Mori.

Exochilum diabolus, Morley, Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 7:>.

$ . A very large, dull black, pilose species, with nitidulous
abdomen and blackish wings. Head nearly as broad as the thorax
and not very buccate behind the internally broadly emarginate
eyes; frons and vertex rugulose, with the former centrally
carinate and the occipital carina strong; face scabrously punctate,
centrally elevated, with the orbits and a line from antennae to epi-
stoma testaceous ; clypeus discrete, more sparsely punctate and
not apically elevated ; palpi, apices of mandibles, and the external
orbits in the centre, rufescent ; cheeks distinct. Antennce bright
fulvous (17 millim. in length), not slender, with the scape and
base of the laterally snbsinuate first flagellar joint black. Thorax
immaculate, short and stout, coarsely and scabrously punctate,
•with the metanotum strongly rugose, and all the pleurae more
finely and evenly punctate; notauli discally very deeply impressed
but not creiiulate, apically subobsolete ; metanotum short, very
strongly subtransversely rugose and with long black tomentum,
laterally buccate basally, with the centre broadly, and at the apex
deeply, excavate and trans-strigose. Scutellum distinctly con-
vex, black, rugosely punctate and with long black tomentum, with
no lateral carinae. Abdomen discally linear, longer than twice the
head and thorax, nitidulous black, with the apices of the two
basal segments and the disc of the third obscurely badious ; basal
segment linear, glabrous and basally sulcate, with the spiracles
shortly before the apex ; terebra shorter than half the basal
segment, rufescent, with the valvula? black and apically suboblique.
Legs slender and strongly elongate, black, with the front ones
except basallv, and the intermediate femora, dull ferruginous ;
hind trochanfers, base of their tarsi and, more obscurely, of their
tibiae, dull castaneous ; basal hind tarsal joint 4 millim. in length,
the second H millim. ; claws small and not pectinate. Wings
unicolorous blackish throughout, with the nervures exactly as in
the last species.

Length 26 millim.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

The extremely dark wings render this fine species very con-
spicuous ; it is very closely allied to the Nearctic E. tenuipes,
jVort. (Proc. Ent. Soc. Philadelphia, 1863, p. 360).

The type is labelled simply " India."

414 ICHNEUMONli^E.

Genus MAGNIBUCCA, Mori.
Magnibucca, Morley, Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 79.

GENOTYPE, M. testacea, Mori.

Head posteriorly much broader than the eyes, with the vertex
broad and basally margined ; occiput perpendicular and concave ;
mandibles stout, margined below, their teeth strongly obtuse
apically, with the lower somewhat distinctly the shorter; eyes
glabrous, internally parallel and not emarginate ; clypeus apically
rounded and slightly but obtusely produced centrally ; face
deplanate and not discrete ; cheeks strongly buccate ; frons
laterally convex and with a very fine central carina. JVotauli
obsolete and hardly impressed ; metathorax convex, with no
cariuae ; spiracles elongate, ovate and not small. Scutellum
convex, large, apically subtruucate and laterally imrnarginate.
Abdomen fully twice the length of the head and thorax, laterally
compressed ; basal segment glabrous and linear to its centre and
thence gradually dilated to the subapical spiracles. Legs stout
and not elongate, with the hind tarsi distinctly spatuliform, with
calcaria hardly longer than the breadth of the tibia! apex. Wings
not ample ; stigma distinct ; basal nervure subpostfurcal, with the
lower basal strongly oblique ; first recurrent nervure emitted
before centre of first cubital cell, which is apically strongly obtuse
below; second recurrent nervure continuous with the submarginal,
more than half fenestrate ; anal nervure emitted far above centre
of brachial cell ; all nervures distinct to apices of wings ; nervellus
strongly intercepted very slightly below its centre.

Perhaps this genus is most closely allied in its continuous second
recurrent to the Lapliyctes group of the genus Barylypa, but the
structure of the head is much closer to Exochilwn ; it is, however,
entirely distinct in the structure of its vertex and occiput, and the
peculiar coloration, which approximates it to Labrorychus amabilis,
Tosq., from Transcaspia.

306. Magnibucca testacea, Mori.

Maynibncca testacea, Morley, Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 80.

A large, stout and entirely testaceous species, with only the
ocelli and disc of the second segment black. Head and thorax
coarsely punctate, with only the metanotum somewhat smoother.
Antenna; (broken) testaceous and multiarticulate, with the thirty
or forty basal flagellar joints cylindrical ; scape hardly excised.
Wings distinctly flavescent, with the radix, tegulae and stigma
fulvous.

Length 23 millim.

MADBAS : Bangalore (Cameron).

Type in the Indian Museum.

UAIIYLYPA. 415

Unfortunately I have seen but a single example of this very
remarkable insect, and that in so bad a condition that I am
unable to determine the sex.

Genus BARYLYPA, Font.
Barylypa, Fiirster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 146.

GENOTYPE, Anomalon perspieillator, Grav.

Clypeus anteriorly rounded and not centrally produced ; labruni
not prominent. Tarsal claws not pectinate ; hind femora simple.
Areolet wanting ; second recurrent continuous with submarginal
nervure ; first abscissa of cubital nervure obsolete or wanting ;
basal length of third discoidal cell not as broad as length of
transverse median nervure ; nervellus distinctly geniculate.

Rancje. Pal tear ctic Eegion.

This genus had simply been utilised as a subdivision of Anomalon
up to 1901 ; but in 1906 several species were assigned to it from
British India, since Ashmead had brought it into some prominence
during 1.900. Thomson (Opusc. Ent. xvi, p. 1766) differentiates
it from Tricliomma by its glabrous eyes, and from Agrypon by the
second recurrent being continuous with the submarginal nervure
and the nervellus being distinctly geniculate.

Cameron has constructed (Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1906,
p. 280) a mere colour chart of his five species, which may be of
use and is given below ; but something more than colour is
necessary and a table, drawn from the type specimens in Colonel
Nurse's collection, is appended.

• 1 (4) The greater part of the head, thorax arid apex
of abdomen black.

"2 (3) Large (15 millim.), the pleurae yellow, black
above, the flagellum of anteuute rufous, the
basal two segments of abdomen rufous pilosella.

3j(2) Small (9 millim.), the pleurae black, with 3
yellow marks, the antennte black, the basal
2 segments of abdomen for the greater part
black interstitialis.

4 (1) The greater part of the body rufous.

o (6) The mesoiiotuni and base of metanotum maculate

with black variornata.

6 (5) The mesonotum and metanotum not maculate

with black.

7 (8) Large (16 millim.), the mesonotum yelloAv, with

three rufous lines ; mesopleurse yellow, rufous

above and below rufo-lineata.

8 (7) Small (8 millim.), the mesonotum rufous, yellow

laterally at the base; niesopleurre rufous, with

two yellow marks erythrocera."

416 ICHNEUMONIDJE.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Lower basal emitted from median dis-

tinctly before upper basal nervure.

2 (3) Frons carinate ; second broader than

basal flagellar joint pilosella, Cam., p. 416.

3 (2) Frons not carinate; second not broader

than basal flagellar joint rufolineata, Cam., p. 417.

4 (1) Basal subcontinuous through median

nervure.

5 (8) Spiracles of second segment obsolete ;

frons carinate.
0 (7) Ocelli deplanate; nervellus nearly

straight interstitialis, Cam., p. 417

7 (6) Ocelli strongly convex; nervellus

normally curved variornata, Cam., p. 418.

8 (5) Spiracles of second segment strong;

frons not carinate erythrocera, Cam., p. 419.

,'K)7. Barylypa pilosella, Cam.

Barylypa pilosella, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1906,
p. 277 (rf)-

c?. A black species, with prof use flavous markings and rufes-
cent abdomen. Head with long white pilosity; face, clypeus,
internal orbits to above antennae and very narrowly to near
vertex, and the external orbits entirely, bright flavous ; frons
longitudinally carinate and rugosely punctate centrally, sub-
obliquely striate above and laterally punctate. Antennce short
(length 9 inillitn.), brunneous, with the basal flagellar joints, and
the flavous scape above, black. TJwrax with long white hairs ;
apical half of the nitidulous and sparsely punctate mesonotum
laterally (extending to apex of tegulae), and the closely punctate
pleurae mainly (except mesopleurae above), flavous; metanotum
irregularl}7" reticulate-striate, with a glabrous central longitudinal
line. ScuteUum flavous and much more strongly punctate than
the mesonotum. Abdomen red, with the basal half of first, a
discal stripe on second, apex of fifth, disc and apex of sixth and
the seventh segments entirely, black ; apical incisures narrowly
flavous. Leys flavous, with the intermediate trochanters, and base
of their femora above, black ; hind legs with coxae discally, femora
and tibiae both internally, and the two or three apical tarsal
joints, black. Wings hyaline, with the stigma testaceous and the
nervures black ; second recurrent continuous with the submargiual
nervure.

Length 17 millim.

BALUCHISTAN-: Quetta, v. 04 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species appears to be allied to B. fjenalis^ Thorns., but it is
larger and has more profuse flavous markings.

BABYLTPA.

417

308. Barylypa rufolineata, Cam.

Barylypa rufolineata, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1906, p. 278($).

5 . A bright testaceous species, with flavous, and very incon-
spicuous black, markings. Head with dense white pubescence,
flavous, with the vertex and occiput more broadly red ; mandibles
apically, the interocellar area, and the strong occipital carina,
black; frons strongly punctate and obliquely striate below the
ocelli, with the vertex less strongly punctate. Antennas red
(6 mil lira, in length), with the si-ape flavous : postannellus and
basal flagellar joint blackish, the latter somewhat sharply curved,
much narrower and nearly thrice as long as the second. Thorax
with dense white pubescence, flavous, with three broad mesonotal
stripes, base of the metanotum,
pleurae above, and the sternum, red;
mesonotu ii basally sparselv, apically
more strongly and closely, punc-
tate, with its apical declivity more
strongly and closely trans-aciculate ;
metanotum coarsely reticulate, and
longitudinally sulcate centrally to-
wards the apex ; pro- and meso-
pleurae closely and strongly punc-
tate, with the metapleurse coarsely
reticulate. Scatellum strongly
punctate, and, like the postscu-
telhi'ii, flavous ; frenum red, \\ ith a
black apical carina Abdomen tes-
taceous, \\ith disc of second segment
conspicuously black; petiolar spira-
cles shortly before the apex of the
basal segment; terebra 2| millim.
in length, spicula stramineous and acuminate, valvulae blackish
and apically subclavate. Legs flavescent, the anterior with the
femora rufescent beneath ; hind coxae, trochanters and femora red,
with the trochanters and tibiae variegated with flavous and black,
and their tarsi blackish. Wings hyaline, with the stigma dull
testaceous, the costa and nervures Mack; second recurrent
nervure continuous with the submarginal ; basal by no means
continuous through the median.
Length 16 inillim.

BALUUHISTAN : Quetta, v. 04 (Col. Nurse).
Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

309. Barylypa interstitialis, Cam.

Banjlypa interstitialis, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.

190(3, p. 278 (c5).
J . A black species, with pale markings and white pilosity.

Fig. 118.
JSarylypa rufolineata, Can

418 ICHNEUMON LD^.

Head closely punctate ; face, clypeus, orbits narrowly (except
above), flavous. Antennae black, becoming brunneous apically.
Thorax closely, with the mesonotum nitidulous and more sparsely,
punctate ; hamate lateral marks on apex of mesonotum, pro-
pleurae basally below, mesopleurao broadly at the base and more
narrowly at the apex below, and a large and obliquely constricted
mark at apex of metapleurae below, flavous ; metanotura irregularly
striate longitudinally and more weakly transversely, forming an
irregular reticulation ; metapleurae more closely and rugosely
punctate than the remainder. Scutellum flavous. Abdomen black,
with the third to fifth segments testaceous-red and two basal
infuscate. Leys flavous ; intermediate coxa? basally and hind ones
entirely, the hind trochanters above, base and apex of their dark
red femora, their tibiae internally and apically, and most of their
tarsi, black. Wings hyaline ; tegulae flavous, costa and stigma
pale testaceous, nervures black.

Length 9 millim.

BALUCHISTAN: Quetta (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

310. Barylypa variornata, Cam.

Barylypa variornata, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1906, p. 279($).

$ . A red and flavous species ; the thorax with broad black
markings. Head sparsely punctate ; frons centrally carinate,

Fig. 119. — Barylypa variornata, Cam.

eyes strongly convergent apically ; face, clypeus, mandibles, palpi,
a eubinterrupted line at the frontal orbits, and the external orbits
(more broadly centrally), flavous ; ocellar region and sometimes
occiput black. Antennae reddish or blackish, apically setaceous

BARYLYPA. 419

{5| milliin. in length), with the scape flavous beneath ; basal
flagellar joint fully twice as long as the second. Thorax sparsely
punctate and distinctly pilose ; red, with mesonotuin basally and
centrally at the apex, mesosternuin sometimes, and most of the
metanotum and its pleurae, black ; large apical lateral marks on
mesonotum, lateral marks on metanotum, on base and apex of
mesopieurse, and metapleurae, flavous ; mesonotum basally trans-
striate ; metanotum irregularly longitudinally aciculate and often
subreticulate. SouttHlum flavous, with the frenum black. Abdo-
men testaceous and paler beneath ; basal segment basally infuscate,
with the spiracles shortly before its apex and sometimes promi-
nent ; second segment, and sometimes anus, discally black ; terebra
as long as the basal segment, red, with the valvulae black and
apically subclavate. Legs : anterior pairs flavous, with the red
intermediate femora basally black ; hind legs blackish, with the
coxae and the greater part of the femora red, and the tibiae basally
rpale. Wings sometimes tinged with fulvous ; second recurrent
nervure continuous with the submarginal and fenestrate below its
centre ; stigma and costa luteous, the latter below and the
nervures blackish ; anal angle of front wings subcorneous from
the sinus.

Length 10-12 millim.

BALUCHISTAN: Quetta, viii.03 and vi.04 (Col, ZV'wrse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

:311. Barylypa erythrocera, Cam.

Ban/lypa en/throcera, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1906, p. 279($).

$ . A bright red and flavous species, with no black markings.
Head subpilose, with the orbits broadly, mandibles, palpi and
the closely punctate face and clypeus, flavous ; frons and vertex
-strongly punctate, with the former not centrally carinate; the
strong occipital carina and ocelli, though not their intervening
-space, black. Antennce clear red (4 millim. in length) and sub-
filiform throughout ; scape flavous ; postannellus and basal flagellar
joint blackish, the latter exactly double the length of the second.
Thorax bright red and without black markings ; mesonotum
laterally near apex, and pleurae broadly, flavous ; pro- and ineso-
thorax sparsely and strongly punctate; the mesopleurae more
strongly, with their apices trans-aciculate ; metanotum trans-
reticulate, discally subiinpressed and basally glabrous on either
side ; metapleurse irregularly rugulose. Scutellum flavous. Ab-
domen testaceous and paler below, with the anus very slightly
darkened and the disc of the second segment black ; terebra as
Ions as the basal segment, red, with the valvulae black and sub-
clavate. Legs red, with the anterior paler; hind trochanterellus,
and apices of the internally darkened hind tibiae, black; hind
.tarsi apically blackish. Wings hyaline and somewhat deter-

2E2

420 ICHNEUMOMD.t.

minately fulvescent discally, with the stigma, tegulae and base of
costa flavous ; nervtires black ; second recurrent uervure con-
tinuous with the submarginal and the anal angle verv obsoletely
corneous.

Length 8 millirn.

BALUCHISTAX : Quetta, viii. 03 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Genus ANOMALON, Jur.

Anomalon, Jurine, Hym. 1807, p. 114; Gravenhorst, Ichn. Eur. iiir
1829, p. 627.

GENOTYPE, A. cerinops, Grav.

Mandibular teeth of subequal length ; eyes glabrous (nee 2V/-
chomma). Thorax with normal pubescence. Areolet entirely
wanting (nee Metanomalon) ; stigtna distinct; first recurrent
nervure emitted at some distance before centre of first cubital
cell, the lower side of which is distinctly angled above its juncture
(nee ScJrizo1oma,ffeteropelma, Exochilum) ; second recurrent nervure
emitted from external cubital distinctly beyond the submarginal
and not continuous with the latter (nee Barylypa). Neuration of
hind wings complete to apex (nee Clatlia) • and the nervellus
distinctly geniculate and intercepted (nee Ayrypon).

Range. World- wide.

I have seen so few of Cameron's species of this genus and his
descriptions are so inadequate in respect of the neuration that it
is thought expedient for the present not to adopt the various
subgencra of Forster (they are worthy of no higher title), into
which this genus has recently been divided. I will only point out
that A. apicah belongs to Labrorychus. Forst. (Verh. pr. Eheinl.
1868, p. 146) and doubtless the same author would have erected a
new genus — of equal instability with his Pterocormus (cf. Wiegm.
Arch. 1850,.p. 72) — for the first of the following species. Cameron's
descriptions, unfortunately, preclude anything but a colour table
of this genus.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Wings extending only to apex of [p. 42k

ppstpetiole brachypterum, Cam.,

2 (1) "\\ings extending at least to centre

of abdomen.

3 (4) Metathorax broadly red -marked;

irons carinate carinifrons, Cam., p. 421.

4 (3) Metathorax immaculate black.

5 (6) Kadical callosities flavous decorum, Cam., p. 422.

6 (5) Thorax entirely immaculate.

7 (10) Scutellum flavous.

8 (9) Hind tibise broadly black tinctipenne, Cam., p. 422.

9 (8) Hind tibias entirely red apicale, Cam., p. 423.

10 (7) Scutellum not flavous binyJiumi, Cam., p. 424.

AXO3IALOX 421

312. Anomalon brachypterum, Cam.

Anomalon brachypterum, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 25 (tf).

3 . Head closely punctate and black, the face with dense white
pubescence ; mandibles testaceous and the palpi white. Antenna
black and shortly pubescent; scape navous beneath. Thorax
immaculate and rugose, anteriorly with sparse and posteriorly with
dense white hairs ; metanotum gradually sloping throughout.
Abdomen more than twice the length of the head [? and thorax] ;
basal segment longer than the second, apically nodose and
brunneous, basally black; second testaceous and, like the two
apical, discally black ; remainder rufo-testaceous. Leys : anterior
pairs pale stramineous ; hind ones black, with the trochanters,
calcaria and apices of femora, pale stramineous. Wings hyaline,
short and hardly extending beyond apex of postpetiole ; nervures
black.

LengtJi 9 millim.

CEYLOX : Trincomali (Col J. W. Yerlury).

313. Anomalon carinifrons, Cam.

Anomalon carinifrons, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 113 ($).

$ . Head black, with the face, clypeus, mandibles (except
apically), palpi, subtriangular vertical dots, and the external orbits,
flavous ; frons and vertex closely but not strongly rugulose, with
the frontal orbits margined; frons with a stout and apically
dilated inter-antennal carina ; clypeus less strongly punctate than
the longitudinally subcarinate face, and apically subglabrous.
Antennas with both scape and flagellum rufescent, with the under-
side flavidous, and the second and third joints entirely deep
black. Thorax black, with the pronotum basally, narrow lateral
lines, elongate callosities before and behind radices, and the apical
half of metapleurse (and of metanotum), red; mesonotum uni-
formly and very closely punctate, with short dense black pub-
escence ; metanotum closely rugose basally, " in the middle are
two indistinct keels forming an area, the rest reticulated, the
reticulations longer at the sides and apex"; propleurse basally
carinate and very finely punctate, coarsely punctate above and
irregularly striate below ; mesopleura? closely punctate, centrally
subimpressed and basally substriate below ; rnesosternum laterally
aciculate ; metapleurse coarsely reticulate, basally glabrous, with a
margined testaceous fovea on either side. Scutellum more strongly
and less closely punctate than the mesonotum. Abdomen rufescent-
f ulvotts, with the second segment alone discally black. Legs :
anterior pairs fulvous, with the coxae subflavidous ; hind legs red,
with their tarsi navous and the apices of the tibia? broadly black,
their coxa? and trochanters sometimes slightly blackish. Wings
f ulvescent hyaline ; stigma fulvous, costa darker.

Length 16 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (RotJiney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

422

314. Anomalon decorum, Cam.

Anomulon decorum, Cameron, Mancb. Mem. 1897, p. 24 ($ ).

$ . Head nitidulous and with sparse white pubescence, flavous,.
with the vertex broadly in its centre, occiput (except laterally),
and extreme apices of mandibles, black ; eyes strongly convergent,
and not further apart than double the width of the scape, apically.
Antennas (broken) with the scape flavidous beneath. Thorax black,
with the pronotmn broadly, and the radical callosities, flavous ;
mesonotum dull, with its central lobe elevated ; metanotum
and metapleura? reticulate; pro- and meso-pleura? longitudinally
striolate, more closely above. Scutellum flavous. Abdomen testa-
ceous beneath ; basal segment black, glabrous and nitidulous,
with its apical third widened and the disc elongately impressed ;
terebra 3 millim. in length. Leys', anterior pairs, and all the
coxa? and trochanters, flavous ; [?hind] tibia? and femora infuscate
beneath, and the tarsi apically black. Wings hyaline, extending
to centre of abdomen ; tegulse flavous.

Length 10 millim.

CEYLON : Trincomali (Col. Yerlury).

315. Anomalon tinctipenne, Cum.

Anomalon tinctipenne, Cameron,* Munch. Mem. 1899, p. 112 ( $) -r
cf. Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 14.

$ . Head black, with the face, clypeus, frontal (subinterrupted
from vertical) orbits, external orbits narrowly, mandibles (except
their teeth), and palpi, flavous; frous stoutly and obliquely striate
laterally, more feebly and subreticulately in the centre ; epistoma
circularly prominent, with long white pubescence and large
isolated punctures ; clypeus impressed centrally and glabrous at
its apex, sparsely punctate at its base. Anteniw clear red, with
basal half of the flagellum darker ; scape with dense long pale
pilositv, flavidous above. Thorax immaculate ; mesonotum
punctate, laterally more sparsely and basally subreticulate, with
its central lobe elevated and the disc subcanaliculate : metathorax
strongly reticulate, with dark hairs basally and laterally ; pro-
pleura? basally aciculate, striolate central!}' above and below ;
mesopleurae irregularly reticulate basally and above, closely
punctate below and centrally subglabrous, with their apices
impressed and crenulate ; metapleura? basally glabrous, apically
hordered above the isolated punctures, and stoutly striate below.
Scutellum flavous, submarginate and strongly punctate laterally,
depressed discally, with its sides centrally red. Abdomen ferru-
ginous, with the second segment discally black and the basal
centrally infuscate. Legs pale fulvous, with the anterior
trochanters flavidous ; hind legs dark ferruginous, with apices
of their tibia? very broadly black and of their tarsi subflavidoua.
Wings hyaline with a dark fulvous tinge, the stigma dark fulvous ;
transverse cubital nervure shorter tban the basal cubital abscissa.
Length 22 millim.

ANOMALON. 423

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Eothney).

Type in the British Museum.

The broken type of this species shows very remarkable venation:
the median uervure runs straight to its junction with the cubital,
which is strongly sinuate and only extends to the centre of the
first cubital cell ; the second recurrent nervure above is four
times further from the apex of the internal cubital than the
latter is from the radial ; nervellus subopposite and strongly
intercepted a little below the centre.

316. Anomalon apicale, Cam, (emend.).

Anomalon apicale, Cameron,* Entom. 1905, p. 106 ( J).
Anomalon leptof/aster, Cam. MS. <$ .

c? 5 • Head black ; face flavous, closely and distinctly punctate,
with dense white pubescence ; clypeus flavous, closely punctate
basally and subglabrous apically ; vertex also closely punctate ;

frons in the centre irregularly
striate longitudinally and
closely aciculate transversely ;
palpi and mandibles, except
apices of latter, flavous.
Antennas testaceous (13 millim.
in length), becoming infuscate
towards their apices ; postan-
nellus and basal half of the
strongly sinuate first flagellar
joint black. Thorax im-
maculate black ; mesonotum
closely and somewhat strongly
punctate and discally elevated
at the apex, with its base
irregularly trans-strigose cen-

Anomalon apicale, Cam. trally ; metanotum at the base

closely and rugosely sub-
reticulated; the lateral carinse evenly curved: the basal area
smooth ; the apex constricted into a distinct neck, and irregu-
larly transversely striate; propleurae coarsely reticulate and,
above, closely punctate ; mesopleura? longitudinally striate
above and closely punctate below ; metapleura3 coarsely and
irregularly reticulate. Xcutettwn and postscutellum flavous and
coarsely punctate. Abdomen extremely slender, red, with the
disc of the second and third segments indistinctly black, and
the two apical entirely jet-black. Legs red ; the anterior sub-
flavidous, with their coxa) and trochanters substramineous ; hind
tarsi substramineous, with only the pulvilli dark. Wings hyaline
and not ample, becoming fulvescent towards the base ; tegula3
flavous, stigma testaceous and nervures black ; nervellus distinctly
intercepted and geniculate.
Length 11-16 millim.

424 ICHNEUMONID^.

PUNJAB : Simla, viii. and ix. 98 (Col. Nurse): UNITED PROVINCES :
Mussoori, 7000 ft., x. 06 (If. M. L*fny—Puf» coll.) ; ASSAM :
Shillong, iv. 03 (Rowland Turner).

Type in Coll. Nurse's collection.

This is an extremely slender insect and appears to be closely
allied to Labrorychus clandestine, Grav., though the metatarsus
is nearly or quite thrice as long as the second hind tarsal joint.
Cameron sent a female of this species to the British Museum
labelled " type"; but he described only the male sex, giving the
length at 16 millim., and this female is only 11 millim. in
length ; it was captured with ISurse's true type.

317. Anomalon binghami, Cam.

Anomalon binyhami, Cameron, Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907, p. 14 ( cJ )•

cJ. A black species, with the head fl a vous- marked and the
abdomen ferruginous. Head with white pubescence, the clypeus.
mandibles, cheeks, the strongly and sparsely punctate face, and
the apical third of the inner orbits broadly, flavous ; frons stoutly
and obliquely reticulate throughout, vertex strongly and deeply

nctate. Antenna; testaceous-red, with the basal half black
above, and tlie scape flavous beneath. 2'horax immaculate ;
mesonotum strongly, stoutly and subconfluently punctate, its
base stoutly trans-striate ; metanotum and its pleursb more widely
reticulate, with a broad and superficial central impression ; pro-
pleurae stoutly striate, and above distinctly punctate ; mesopleurae
longitudinally and coarsely reticulate above, with its apex centrally
glabrous and nude, and the remainder distinctly punctate and
with black hairs. Scutellum rugosely reticulate and centrally
broadly depressed. Abdomen pale ferruginous, with the two
basal segments dorsally black. Leys : anterior pairs yellowish
fulvous, with the coxae and trochanters flavous ; hind legs red,
with the apical third of the tibia?, trochanters and coxae above
black, apical joints of tarsi and coxae flavous centrally beneath.
Wings fulvescent hyaline, with the tegulae flavous, stigma testa-
ceous, costa and nervures black ; transverse cubital nervure as
long as the basal cubital abscissa.

Length 22 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. BingJiam).

This species differs from A. tinctipenne in its stoutly reticulate
frons which has its flavous orbits of uniform width and the
vertical immaculate, in the stouter carinae, more coarsely and
sparsely and isolatedly punctate mesonotum, and in the com-
parative length of the transverse cubital nervure.

Genus AGRYPON, Forst.
Af/njpon, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1860, p. 151.
GENOTYPE, Ophion flaveolatum, Grav.
Head with the eyes not, or scarcely, pubescent. Antennae

425

often as long as the body. Thorax not very densely toraentose.
Trochanters not or hardly longer than the trochanterelli ; hind
calcaria not longer than the apical breadth of their elongate
tibise. First recurrent nervure emitted very distinctly before the
•centre of the first cubital cell ; second recurrent emitted beyond
the submarginal nervure ; anal nervure emitted above the centre
of the first recurrent nervure. Hind wings with the nervures
more or less distinct to the apical margin ; basal radial abscissa
not longer than the recurrent nervure ; nervellus neither geniculate
nor intercepted.

Itange. World-wide.

This genus is extremely like Anomalon in almost every par-
ticular, though its species are usually smaller and more slender
insects, except that the nervellus is not geniculate and emits
no trace of a nervure.

TaUe of Species.

1 (4) Metanotum coarsely reticulate ; face

entirely pale.

2 (3) Frontal orbits pale ; tarsi dilated

3 (2) Frontal orbits black ; tarsi normal . .

4 (1) Metauotum finely rugose ; face only

laterally pale

no.r, Mori., p. 425.
varitarsum, Wesm.,p. 426.

tisiphone, Mori., p. 427.

en

carma

318. Agrypon nox, Mori.

Ayrypon nox, Morley, Rev. Icliu. Brit. Mas. ii, 1913, p. 91.
c? $ . Head black, with the face, clypeus and mouth, the frontal

and vertical orbits, and the whole cheeks externally, flavous ; eyes
tirely glabrous ; frons with neither an apical horn nor a central
rina. Antenna 14 millim. (body 20 millim.) in length, dark, with
the scape alone entirely flavous.
Thorax without red markings ;
inesonotum rugosely punctate and
dull, with very obsolete notauli ;
inetanotum coarsely reticulate
throughout. Scutellum black, not
strongly convex, nor with its
lateral carinse prominent. Abdo-
men red ; its second segment
discally black and the anus some-
what darkened. Legs slender and
red, with only the hind tibiae
broadly black at their apices ;
front coxa? transversely carinate ;
hind tibiae not basally constricted,
their tarsi spatuliform. Wings
with the first recurrent emitted

far before the centre of the first cubital cell; internal cubital

nervure curved; second recurrent emitted beyond the submarginal

Fi 1%71
Agnjpol nox',TA0r\.

426 ICHXECMONULE.

nervure ; nervellus strong, straight and not intercepted ; the
external uervures of the hind wing not wanting.

Length 16-20 millim.

UNITED PROVINCES : Dehra Dun, xi. 11 (Dr. A. D. Imms),
Mussoori, 7000 ft., vi. 05 (E. Brunetti — Ind. Mus.) ; ASSAM :
Shillong (Rowland Turner — Brit. Mus., La Touclie — Ind. Mus.) ;
BURMA : Karen Hills, 3000-3700 ft., vi. 88 (L. Pea).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This species appears to differ from A. stenostic/ma, Thorns., in
little but the very distinctly trans-carinate front coxae, which
feature allies it more closely with A. anxium, Wesin. ; it is, how-
ever, much larger than either.

The typical 6 was captured in " India " by Capt. Boys.

319. Agrypon varitarsum, Wenn.

Anomalon varitursum, AVesmael, Bull. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 131

Anomalon vantarse, Holmgren, Ofv. Sv. Ak. Fb'rh. 1857, p. 185 ;

id., Sv. Ak. Ilandl. 1858, p. 29 ( rf $ ).

Agrypon vttritarsis, Thomson, Opusc. Eut. xvi, 1892, p. 1769 ( c? $ ).
Ayrypon raritarsum, var. rufico.vis, Szepligeti, Term. Fiiz. xxii,
p. '23-2.

c? $ . A slender, black species, with red legs and abdomen.
Head posteriorly dilated, black, with the mandibles centrally,
clypeus, face, cheeks and (in the typical form) dots on the vertex,
flavous. Antennce black, rarely ferruginous, and nearly as long
as the body ; scape flavidous beneath. Thorax black, with
humeral callosities and sometimes elongate lines before radices,
flavous ; metathorax often apical I y rufescent. Scutellum black,.
or with its basal angles reddish. Abdomen red, with the base of
the first, disc of the central, and nearly the whole of the apical,
segments black ; terebra shortly exserted. Legs red, with the
anterior paler and their base in d flavescent ; hind coxa? some-
times basally, rarely entirely, black ; their tibiae apically, and
often the extreme base of their femora, black ; hind tarsi not
strongly spatuliform, and variable in coloration. Wings sub-
hyaline, with the stigma piceous and the tegulse flavous ; anal
nervure emitted from far above the centre of the brachial cell ;
nervellus straight and not intercepted.

Length 12-15 millim.

KAJPUTANA : Mt. Abu (Col. Nurse) ; UNITED PROVINCES (Mrs.
Howie) ; ASSAM : Margherita and Sadiya (Ind. Mus.) ; TENAS-
SEBIM : Dawna Hills, iii. 08 (X. AnnandaJe). EUROPE.

Type in the Brussels Museum.

The variety rvjicoxis, Szepl. * differs in having the pale spots
on the vertex wanting, and this form occurs also in India.

* Sz^pligeti's mode of synonymy in tbe " Genera Insectoruin " is distinctly
curious. He places (/. c. 1905, fasc. xxxir, p. 17) this variety under both
Agrypon rubricatmn, FOrst. and A. varitarsvm, Wesm. ; he gives Forster's
species as good, at the same time terming it a variety of Wesmael's.

AGEYPON. CLATIIA. 427

This is not a very common species, though it occurs throughout
northern and central Europe, and is perhaps most frequent in
Sweden.

320. Agrypon tisiphone, Mori.

Ayr ypon tisiphone, Morlev, Eev. Ichn. Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 92.

5 . Head black and with long silvery pubescence, with only the
internal orbits to above the scrobes indeterminately stramineous,
and the mouth and the apex of the clypeus transversely, flavous ;
eyes entirely glabrous ; irons feebly carinate centrally, with no
apical horn. Antennas 12 millim. in length, entirely dusky, with
the scape black throughout. Thorax Avith. no red or ftavous
markings ; mesonotum transversely scabrous and very dull, with
no notauli ; metanotuni somewhat finely subrugulose and Avith
white pubescence. Scutellum black and subconvex. Abdomen
black, with the third to fifth segments and the whole terebra
fulvous ; terebra 1 millim. in length. Leys : anterior pairs
slender and flavidous, with the onychii alone dark ; hind legs
stouter and black, with only the femoral apices sub-badious ; front
coxa? not carinate ; hind tibiae not basally constricted, their tarsi
somewhat broad. Wings with the first recurrent emitted before
the centre of the first cubital cell ; internal cubital nervure
curved ; second recurrent emitted beyond the submarginal
nervure ; uervellus strong, straight and not intercepted ; nervures
of hind wing distinct to apex.

Length 12 millim.

BENGAL: Calcutta (Ind. Mus.); CEYLON: Kandy, vi. 09 (E. E.
Green, type).

Type in the author's collection.

It is allied to A. anomelas, Grav., but at once known therefrom
by the elongate antenna) and scabrous mesonotum.

Genus CLATHA, Cam.
Clatha, Cameron, Spolia Zeyl. 1905, p. 129.

GENOTYPE, C. lonyipes, Cam.

Head glabrous and nitidulous ; eyes nude and apically con-
vergent ; occiput margined and transverse ; mandibular teeth
large and unequal in length ; clypeus apically rounded. Antennae
filiform and longer than the body. Mesonotum and scutellum
rugosely punctate. Legs Avith the tarsal claws small and simple ;
hind legs very long, with their tibiae as long as the trochanters
and femora united, sinuate and basally constricted ; the
trochanter about four times the length of the trochanterellus ;
and their metatarsus as long as the remaining tarsal joints
united. Wings Avith the basal nervure continuous through the
median; internal cubital nervure continuous with the discoidal,
and basalJv rounded ; second discoidal cell one-third broader

428

apically than basally, the third discoidal basally narrowed and
pointed. Hind wings with but t\vo complete cells ; a large
anterior, extending to shortly beyond the centre with its apex
broadly rounded ; and a shorter posterior, not extending to the
centre of the anterior, with its apex straight and suboblique,
formed by the anterior nervure constituting " one piece, it being
iu one continuous rounded curve ; the second nervure is joined
to it by a transverse nervure."

Itatige. Ceylon.

This genus is said to be closely related to Ayrypon, Fiirst.
(Verh. pr. Kheinl. 1860, p. 151), as" defined by Ashmead (Proc.
U.S. ]Sat. Mus. 1900, p. 89), and to be readily recognised by the
total lack of apical uervures in the hind wing. I have not seen
the single known species.

4321. Clatha longipes, Cam.

Clatha lonyipes, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 130 (? <f ).

A testaceous-red species, with profuse black markings. Head
flavous, with the face darker above and the disc of the vertex
transversely black. Antenncr- black, with their base testaceous
beneath. Thorax with a discal mesonotal stripe extending from
apex to near base, with a shorter and broader stripe on each
lateral lobe, the scutellar fovea, a discal and two lateral stripes on
the metanotum, and basal metapleural lines, black ; metanoturn
closely reticulate ; pleurae coarsely and rugosely reticulate,
with the centre of the propleime striate and with black lines,
inesopleurae with narrow black lines and centrally striate.
Sciitellum black at base and apex. Abdomen with the two basal
segments rufescent, as long as the thorax, slender and of equal
length, with the first apically broadened (the remaining portion
missing). Leys densely and shortly pilose ; the anterior yellowish
testaceous ; hind ones black, with their coxae, except an external
line,' testaceous, and their femora with a testaceous ray beloxv.
Wings hyaline, with the stigma and nervures black.

Length 9 millim. (to the end of the second abdominal segment).

CEYLOX : Kandy (E. E. Green).

Genus TKICHOMMA, Wesm*
Trichomma, Wesmael, Bull. Ac. Brux. 1849, p. 25.
GENOTYPE, Ichneumon enecator, Rossi.
Head normally buccate posteriorly, and contracted towards the

* Ashmead in 1900 revived the name Tkeridium, Curt., fortbis geaus, since
it was so called by Forster (Verh. pr. Rheiul. xxv, p. 145) in 1868, though he
did not know the reference. The latter's application is, however, entirely
arbitrary and incorrect. The genus Tfterivn- was erected, with no description,
by Curtis in his " Guide " of 1829, col. 101, and of 1837, col. 112; it is

TRICHOMMA. 429

mouth ; eyes broader below, internally broadly emarginate and
distinctly pubescent ; clypeus obsoletely discrete basally,
snbprocluced centrally at the apex ; labruin concealed ; mandibular
teeth acute, with the lower slightly the shorter. Antenna? hardly
longer than half the body, with the scape apically subtruncate
and hardly emarginate. Mesouotum rugosely punctate, with the
notauli often very indistinct; metathorax extending distinctly
beyond base of hind coxa3. Scutellum flavous, apically reflexed or
subemarginate. Abdomen slender and compressed ; terebra longer
than the basal segment, with linear valvulse. Hind legs some-
what stout, with the claws slender ; tarsi incrassate, with the
basal joint about double the length of the second, trochanter
longer than trochanterellus. Anal nervure emitted from nearly
the centre of the first recurrent, lower basal oblique and post-
furcal ; nervellus neither intercepted nor geniculate.

Range. United States, Europe, Africa, Iudia> Ceylon, Malaya.

The distinctly pilose eyes will at once distinguish this genus
from the remainder of the ANOMALIDES, except certain Ayrypon,
in which they are but obsoletely pubescent.

The Indian species have the head anteriorly buccate and
posteriorly truncate, with the orbits very broadly pale.

Table of /Species.

1 (2) Metathorax hardly produced apically; scu-

tellum convex and fiavous niyricans, Cam.

2 (1) Metathorax elong-ately produced ; scutellum

deplanate and black productor, Mori.

322. Trichomma nigricans, Gam.

Trichomma niyricans, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905, p. 130(5).

c? $ . A black and linear species, with flavous markings on the
head and thorax. Head glabrous, with white pubescence and

adopted in place of Anomalon, Grav., in his " British Entomology" (pi. et fol.
736, April 1839), as he there explains: "Having published the genus
Anomalon before Gravenhorst's work appeared, it may appear necessary to
give my reasons for rejecting some of his names in the Guide. 1st, BASSOS of
Fabriotoa is Gravenhorst's 3rd family of Cryptus, siductorius being the type
given in the Piezatorum ; 2ndly, Jurine's 1st family of ANOMALON, which of
course is his type, Gravenhorst has called Bassus. Srdty, Jurine's 2nd family
of Anomalon I have called TIIERION, because it is not trie typical Anomalon'}'
The type of his genus Therion is Ichneumon amictus, Fab. (*Syst. Ent. p. 341),
but he also catalogues, without description, species now referred to four or
five different genera of ANOMALIDES; and the only new species he brings
forward was thought by Bridgeman and Fitch, in 1884, to be a variety of a
Gravenhorstian Anomalon. If Therion be adopted at ali, it must be Schizoloma,.
Wesm., and not Trichomma, which falls.

430

ICH>-EUMONID;E.

posteriorly truncate ; eyes large, pilose, convergent apically and
internally emarginate ; cheeks
wanting ; the prominent face, cly-
peus, all the orbits and the apically
subequidentate mandibles, flavous ;
frons with a band of striae, con-
stricted below ; occiput margined
and not quite transverse ; temples
not constricted. Antennce black,
with the scape flavous beneath.
Thorax with dense silverv pub-
escence, black, with a broad and
apically constricted auteradical
flavous patch on either side ; meso-
notum nude, dull and basally trans-
striate, with the distinct notauli
and their basal region irregularly
reticulate ; metathorax not caud-
ately produced apically ; metanotum
and its pleura? coarsely reticulate,
with the apices of the propleura3
strongly above, and the mesopleurae
more finely and closely, strigose.
Scutellum subconvex, flavous and

Fig. 122.
Trichomma nigricans, Cam.

glabrous, distinctly transverse and laterally carinate throughout.
Abdomen black and immaculate, with the terebra less than half its
length. Leys black, with the anterior coxae and trochanters
entirely stramineous, their femora and tibia? in front, and the
front femora entirely, flavous ; hind coxa? broadly basally above or
entirely, and all the calcaria, flavous ; hind trochanter more than
double the length of the trochanterellus, their femora basally
constricted. Winys hyaline, with the tegula? flavous, the stigma
and nervures black ; second recurrent emitted beyond the sub-
marginal nervure ; basal nervure not continuous through the
median ; second discoidal cell not much broader apically than
basally, the third double its basal breadth at its apex ; nervellus
not intercepted.

Length 10-17 millim.

UNITED PKOYIXCES : Dehra Dun and Mussoori (Ind. Mus.) ;
ASSAM : Sadiya, Margherita and Ukhrul (Ind. Mus.) ; CEYLOX :
Kandy, vi.-ix. (E. E. Green, type ; 0. S. Wickivar), Hakgala, ii. 07,
and Maskeliya, viii. 05 (E. E. Green).

The hind coxa? vary in colour from entirely pale stramineous to
*nainly black with a flavescent discal mark ; the hind tibiae are
sometimes entirely, but not broadly, red-banded before their sub-
attenuate base ; and the fourth and following segments are often
laterally, with the c? valvula? always entirely, rufescent.

This fine species is most closely related to T. enecator, Bossi,
but it is usually much larger and black, with nitidulous and
flavous scutellum and orbits.

TBICHOMMA. METAXOMALON. 431

In Europe, the species of this genus are known to prey upon a
very few of the larger Tortricid moths, but Mr. Green has bred
the present species from the larval case of a Tineid moth.

323. Trichomma productor, Mori.

Trichomma productor, Morley, Rev. Iclm. Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 66.

c? . A linear black species, with the face, orbits aud hind tarsi

alone flavous ; legs aud abdomen nearly entirely red ; scutellum

strongly deplanate and black ; metanotum elongately produced

above the petiole.

Length 14-15 millim.

UXITED PEOTI^TCES : Mussoori, x. 06 (//. M. Lefroi/—~Pas& coll.).

Type in the author's collection.

This species has much the facies of T. niyricans, but differs in
many details of both structure and colour. The head is similarly
coloured, but with the frons and vertex much more scabrously
punctate ; face with longer pubescence ; mesonotal notauli
wanting, with no pale anteradical lines ; metanotum more finely
sculptured, with the apical metathoracic process occupying fully a
third of its total length and quite parallel-sided ; scutellum black,
quadrate, strongly deplanate and centrally sulcate ; abdomen red,
with the disc of the second segment alone black, and the anus
hardly darkened : all the legs red, with the apices of the hind
tibiae alone black ; hind coxae cylindrical and much narrower ;
internal cubital nervure much less sinuate and the anal emitted
distinctly further from centre of the first recurrent nervure. The
eyes are much less distinctly pubescent.

I have examined two males of this species.

Genus METANOMALON, Mori.
Metanomalon, Morley, Rev. Ichn. Brit. Mus. ii, 1913, p. 58.

GENOTYPE, M. poliendum, sp. n.

Eyes glabrous, strongly approximating apically and not
internally emarginate; face constricted to the discrete and
tuberculiform clypeus ; frons trans-sulcate above the scrobes, with
neither carina nor horn. Antennae very slender and filiform, with
the elongate flagellar joints cylindrical ; scape pale, short and
obliquely truncate. Thorax not unusually pubescent ; mesonotum
entirely glabrous and very strongly nitidulous, with its central
lobe considerably elevated ; nctauli very deeply impressed and
strongly crenulate, determinately coalescing discally; metathorax
shining, sparsely sculptured, with distinct area} and its apex not
produced above base of the hind coxae ; spiracles circular.
iScutellum entirely glabrous, very strongly nitidulous and bordered
to near apex. Postpetiole not or hardly thicker than the petiole ;
second segment centrally impressed, linear, distinctly longer than
the first and double the length of the third. Hind legs with
the tarsi not or hardly dilated; calcaria longer than apical
width of tibiae ; claws minute, femora and tibiae basally constricted.

432 ICHNEUMOXIDJB.

Areolet subcomplete and sessile, its outer nervure weak and
obsolete in its lower half, but with the external cubital distinctly
recurved beyond the second recurrent nervure ; stigma distinct
though narrow ; second recurrent emitted far beyond the first
submarginal nervure; anal nervure emitted from but slightly
above centre of first recurrent, which is distinctly before centre of
first cubital cell ; basal nervure continuous through the median ;
internal cubital somewhat strongly curved ; nervellus strong,
straight and not intercepted ; ueuration of hind wings strong to
apex, with the basal abscissa of the radial as long as the recurrent
nervure.

Range. Ceylon.

In the conformation of the abdomen and, except the somewhat
distinct areolet, of the wing, this genus is essentially Anomaloid ;
but the entirely glabrous mesonotum and scutellum, its general
paucity of sculpture and subentire areolet, the apically unproduced
inetathorax, and subnormal hind tarsi, appear to preclude it there-
from ; it is even less conformable to the CAMPOPLEGIDES or Pimplid
THYMAEIDES, though in some respects allied to Diader/ma, Mori.
In default of a better position and a knowledge of the $ , I leave
it provisionally among the ANOMALIDES, where it is most closely
allied to Acjrypon, though the calcarial length is fully double the
apical tibia! breadth.

324. Metanomalon poliendum, Mori.

Metanomalon poliendum, Morley, /. c. p. 59.

c?. Black, with the mouth, scape, tegulae and front coxa3,
stramineous ; metathorax entirely, mesopleura? and their sternum,

1

Fig. 123. — Metanomalon poliendum, Mori.

anterior legs, hind coxae and trochanters, basal half of first
segment, with base of third and fourth, and venter broadly,

CAMPOPLEGIDES. 433

pale testaceous ; hind legs infuscate, with rut'escent markings.
Metanotum subnitidulous and glabrous, with very sparse and fine
punctation, and complete though indistinct area3 ; basal area
cordiform and twice as long as broad, areola subparallel-sided and
also twice as long as broad, with the strong cosfculae emitted
near its base ; petiolar area finely reticulate and very distinctly
discrete.

Length 8 millim.

CEYLON: Kandy, vi.07 (E. E. Green).

Type in the author's collection.

Tribe CAMPOPLEGIDES.

This tribe comprises probably half the species of
throughout the world ; its less conspicuous members are
abundant everywhere, both as parasites of the first degree and
as hyperparasites, through numerous species of BKACONID^E,
on the smaller Lepidoptera. It is easily recognised from the
following tribes by its comparatively narrow stigma and radial
cell, and the irregularly triangular or wanting areolet ; from the
preceding tribe it is known by the second recurrent nervure always
emanating beyond the submarginal nervure, and by its simple
tarsi and metathoracic apex. Most of the species are recorded
from temperate regions, where they are appallingly numerous,
and no doubt can be entertained that we at present know but a
tithe of those occurring in the Himalayas. Certain genera,
especially those lacking the areolet, do not appear uncommon at
lower altitudes, though they have been but little collected, on
account of their inconspicuous size. Authorities are by no means
agreed respecting generic values in this tribe at present, and, I
think unfortunately, Forster's typeless subgenera have become
lai'gely adopted as genera by recent authors. In any case, the
ponderous mass of descriptions must be subdivided and, since
nothing but minute distinctions are available, the following
table may be found of some assistance in discriminating between
our indigenous genera.

I am glad to have had the opportunity of examining the
majority of Cameron's typical specimens of Limnerium, since it
would have been quite impossible from his isolated descriptions
to have conceived the least idea of their systematic position ;
he appears to have employed the genus in its very widest sense.

Table of Genera.

1 (18) Metathoracic spiracles linear or

elongate.

2 (9) Wings with no areolet; meta-

thcrax short.

3 (6) Clypeus not discrete; notauli

wanting.

434 ICHNEUMONID-E.

4 (5) Eyes internally strongly emargin-

ate ; scutellum deplanate CHAROPS, Ilolmg., p. 435.

5 (4) Eyes only slightly emarginate ; [p. 438.

scutellum subcouvex HYMENOBOSMINA, I). T.,

6 (3) Clypeus discrete; notauli short

but distinct.

7 (8) Frontal orbits normal ; scutellum

striate ; mandibles equal TRATHALA, Cam., p. 442.

8 (7) Frons tumidous ; scutellum punc- [p. 444.

tate ; mandibles unequal CEPHALOBOLUS, gen. nov.,

9 (2) Wings with areolet more or less

distinct ; metathorax normal.

10 (17) Scutellum not laterally carinate.

11 (14) Abdomen compressed from second

segment.

12 (13) Areolet minute ; tibiae strongly [nov., p. 445.

spinulose XANTHOCAMPOPLEX, gen.

13 (12) Areolet large; tibiae not or ob-

soletely spinulose CAMPOPLEX, Grav., p. 447.

14 (11) Abdomen compressed at most from

third segment.

15 (16) Metathorax not sloping throughout

nor apically produced ZACHRESTA, Forst., p. 465.

16 (15) Metathorax sloping throughout, [p. 466.

produced over hind coxae RHIMPHOCTONA, Forst.,

17 (10) Scutellum laterally carinate

throughout DELOPIA, Cam., p. 468.

18 (1) Metathoracic spiracles spherical or

subcircular.

19 (22) Wings with no areolet.

20 (21) Terebra hardly exserted ERIOBORCS. Forst., p. 469.

21 (20) Terebra distinctly exserted DIOCTES, Forst., p. 470.

22 (19) Wings with distinct areolet.

23 (26) Eyes internally strongly emarginate;

abdomen often apically clavate.

24 (25) Abdomen hardly clavate apically ; [p. 475.

terebra exserted TROPHOCAMPA, Schm.,

25 (24) Abdomen clavate apically ; terebra

not exserted CASINARIA, Ilolmg., p. 476.

26 (23) Eyes internally not or hardly

emarginate ; abdomen not

clavate.

27 (28) Radial angled at submarginal [p. 477.

nervure ; claws pectinate SINOPHORTIS, Schm.,

28 (27) Radial simply curved at sub-

marginal nervure ; claws often
simple.

29 (30) Head discally subcubical ; claws [p. 478.

distinctly pectinate OLESIOAMPA, Thorns.,

30 (29) Head transverse, disc narrow;

claws basally subpectinate.

31 (32) Metanotum excavate throughout ;

discoidal cell rectangular LIMNERIUM, Ashui.,p. 480.

32 (31) Metanotum not excavate ; discoidal

cell apically subacute.

33 (34) Spiracles of second abdominal seg-

ment beyond its centre IDECHTHIS, Forst., p. 492.

CHAROPS. 435

-34 (33) Spiracles of second abdominal seg-
ment before its centre.

35 (36) Basal nervure oblique ; terebra

not or hardly exserted ANILASTA, Thorns., p. 493.

36 (35) Basal nervure subvertical ; terebra

distinctly exserted AXGJTIA, Ilolmg., p. 496.

Genus CHAROPS, Holmg.

Charops, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, no. 8, p. 39 : Ofv. Sv.
Ak. FSrh. 1858, p. 324.

'GEtfOTFPE, Campo pleas decipiens, Gray.

Head transverse and not buccate ; clypeus not discrete ;
mandibles of normal breadth, with the teeth of subequal length ;
eyes internally strongly emarginate. Antennae filiform and hardly
longer than half the body. Metanotum not sloping throughout ;
petiokr area not excavate ; spiracles elongate and not circular.
Scutellum deplanate, subquadrate and not acutely carinate
laterally. Abdomen petiolate and strongly compressed from the
second segment; basal segment narrow, with its apex strongly
dilated and the spiracles beyond its centre. Legs normal ; tarsal
cla\vs basally pectinate ; femora stout and not dentate. Areolet
wanting, the submarginal nervure emitted before the recurrent ;
radial nervure not short and broad.

Range. World-wide.

The species of this distinct genus are known to prey upon
Zygaenid and Pyralid moths, and in the United States, Ashmead
has bred one from a species of Apatura ; they spin a blackish
cocoon within that of their host and closely adherent thereto (cf.
Bridgman, E. M. M. 1889, p. 185) ; but the Indian species appear
to construct pendulous cocoons, a habit hitherto unobserved in
•this genus. Walker has described one species, which he doubt-
fully ascribes to this genus from Japan, under the name G.luteipes
i(Cistula Entom. i, 1874, p. 307); the type is no\v lost.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Metanotum with carinse.

•2 (3) Scape and hind femora red; meta-

notum only basally carinate dominans, Walk., p. 435.

3 (2) Scape and hind femora entirely black

llli'

tanot inn bicarinate

obtusus, sp. n., p. 436.

4 (1) Metanotum with no carinse or arese

scape dorsally black erythrogaster, Ashm.,

[p. 438.

4325. Charops dominans, Walk.

Porizon dominans, Walker, Ann. Xat. Hist. (3) v, 1860, p. 307 ( J ).

c? § . A black species, with the abdomen rufescent and the legs
nartiv flavous. Head dull and scabrously punctate throughout,

1 J Vv9.

436 ICHKEUMUMU.E.

with white pilosity, strongly transverse, with the emarginate
eyes not at all prominent ; occiput sloping from the remote
ocelli and not emarginate ; frons and face deplanate ; clypeus not
discrete, apically margined and broadly rounded ; cheeks as long
as the base o£ the flavous and apically equidentate mandibles ;
palpi flavous. Antenna with the scrobes circular, carinate and
verv far apart ; flagellum black and filiform, becoming attenuate
apically and extending a little beyond the postpetiole ; scape and
pedicellus clear fulvous, with an external black mark. Thorav
black, scabrous, with the uiesonotum subpuuctate and anteriorly
abruptly declivous ; notauli wanting ; metanotum with long hairs,
and with very indefinite traces of basal area? only ; petiolar area
not impressed ; pleurae subreticulate, with the metapleurse trans-
strigose ; spiracles large, elongate and transverse. Scutellwri
broader than Jong, deplanate, scabrous, pilose, black, with its
apex very broad and truncate. Abdomen strongly compressed
from the second segment, red, with the disc and lateral margin
and apex of first, disc of third basally, and the anus, black ; basal
segment linear and pale fulvous to beyond its apical third and
thence very strongly and suborbicularly rounded to apex, longer
than second ; 3 cerci exserted, terebra short and hardly longer
than third segment. Leys bright flavous and not elongate, with
all the coxae, except apices of front ones, black ; hind femora clear
red, with their tibia? and tarsi darker ; calcaria stout and half the
length of the spinulose metatarsus. Winys clear hyaline, with the
tegulae pale fulvous, radix flavous, costa and stigma black, with
the latter below and the base of the radius red ; nervures disposed
as in C. decipiens, except that the uervellus is not at all geuiculate
and very obsoletely intercepted far below its centre.

Lfnfjth 9| millim.

ASSAM : Margherita (Ind. Mus.) ; BENGAL : Calcutta, xii. 07
(Ind. Mus.), Chapra (Mackenzie), Pusa, x. and xi.05 (Pusa coll.);
CEYLOX : Colombo, Mullaitha and Kandy (0. S. Wiclavar).

Type in the British Museum.

This is a very representative species of a peculiar genus, but
no. one could have recognised Walker's species without examining
the typical male, which was captured by Dr. Thwaites in Ceylon.
A male in the Pusa collection was bred from an ochreous black-
spotted cocoon four millimetres in length, which is obviously
pendulous, since a thread of many strands, some ten millimetres
in length, is still attached to the extremity furthest from that
nearly in the centre of which the imago has cut a subcircular
emergence hole.

326. Charops obtusus, sp. n.

c? $ . A black species, with the legs partly and the abdomen
hardly red. Head dull and scabrously punctate throughout, with
white pilosity, strongly transverse, with the emarginate eyes not
at all prominent ; occiput sloping from the remote ocelli and not

CHAROPS. 437

einarginate ; frons and face deplanate ; clypeus not discrete, apically
margined and broadly rounded; cheeks as long as base of the flavous
and apically equidentate mandibles ;
palpi flavous. Antennce with the
scrobes circular, cai-inate and far
apart ; black and filiform, becoming
hardly attenuate apicaily, extending
barely to the apex of the postpetiole ;
scape black. Thorax immaculate
and scabrous, with the mesonotum
subpunctate and anteriorly abruptly
declivous ; notauli very obsolete ;
metanotum with long hairs and
discally bicarinate from base to
apex ; pleurae closely reticulate, with
the metapleurae not strigose ;
Fig. 124.— C%rtr0psoW«sM«, Mori, spiracles large, elongate and trans-
verse. Setitellum broader than

long, deplanate, scabrous, pilose, black, with its apex very broadly
rounded. Abdomen strongly compressed from the second segment,
black ; in $ with the petiole, anus and whole of second to fourth
segments extremely dark ferruginous, almost black ; in c? with
segments three to live only laterally red ; basal segment linear to
beyond its apical third and thence exactly fusiform to apex, longer
than second ; terebra as long as the second segment, apically
subclavate. Legs of $ pale ochreous and of rf stramineous, not
elongate, with all the coxae, except apices of front ones, black ;
hind legs with the femora and tarsi entirely, tibiae (except at
base), basal joint of trochanters and centre of intermediate femora,
black : calcaria stout and three-quarters the length of the meta-
tarsi. Winys hyaline, with the tegula? and radix pale testaceous,
the costa and stigma blackish ; submarginal nearly as long as the
second recurrent nervure, and nearly as far from it ; first discoidal
cell somewhat narrow and evenly curved above, with its lower
external angle subobtuse; basal nervure not continuous: hind
wing with only the basal abscissa of the radius present, the median
nervure extending to it by means of the first recurrent, and the
posterior nervure present as far as the strong nervellus ; nervellus
flubgeniculate slightly below its centre but not intercepted.
Length 8^ millim.
Type in the Pusa collection.

UNITED PROVINCES : Mussoori, 7000 ft., vi. 05 (E. Brunetti —
Ind. Mus.) ; ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Brit. Mas.) ; BENGAL : Calcutta
(Lid. Mus.) ; BOMBAY : Surat, xi. 03 (Pusa coll., type), Poona
(Capt. Doivnes}-, MADRAS: Madras (Pusa coll.); CEYLON (Dr.
Thwaites, Col. Yerbury); BURMA: Pegu, viii.87, and Karen Hills,
3000-3700 ft., vi. 88 (L. Fea— Genoa Mus.).

This species is so similar to G. decipiens that I have some
hesitation in bringing it forward as new ; but the abdominal
coloration, the very distinctly more gradually constricted apex of

438

the postpetiole, shorter metathorax, very much shorter metatarsi,
and especially the obtuse lower apical angle of the discoidal cell,
which in the latter is a little more than rectangular, appear to
render it sufficiently distinct.

The type was bred at Surat from its own cocoon, which is six
millimetres in length, dull ochreous, with black markings stronger
at the extremities, with a pedicle of about four millimetres in
length, stout, and weakly woven of many strands, at the end of
which it doubtless swung free.

327. Charops erythrogaster, Aslim.

CJiantps erytJirogatter, A.shmead, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1896,
p. 644 (rf 2).

c? 2 . Head strongly transverse, with the vertex acute, black,
M ith fine griseous pubescence ; mandibles and palpi whitish ; eyes
subreniform. Antennas filiform and extending to the second
abdominal segment, black, with the scape red beneath and the
flagellar joints strongly transverse before the apices. Thoraw
short ovate, dull black, with griseous pubescence and close puuc-
tation; notauli somewhat distinct ; metanotum apically truncate^
with oval spiracles and no carinae. Abdomen double the length of
the thorax, compressed, black in r? , red in 2 ; petiole always
black, as long as the intermediate femora and less than half the
length of the remainder of the abdomen ; ventral plica of c? alone
pale; terebra hardly exserted, with the valvulae black. Legs red,.
with the posterior ( 2 ) or all ( c? ) the coxa? black ; basal joint of
hind trochanters, extreme base of their femora and more or less
of their tarsi dark ; d with the intermediate legs more or les&
entirely dark and the hind ones black. Wings hyaline, with the
nervures piceous, stigma narrow and lanceolate, and tegula?
whitish ; third discoidal cell longer than the first ; second recurrent
emitted from the cubital beyond the submarginal.

Length 6-6'5 millim.

CEYLOX: Pundaluoya (E. E. Green).

Type. Xo. 3264 in the United States Museum.

I have not seen this species, which must be quite distinct in
its red legs, excarinate metathorax, discally black scape and black
<S abdomen, from either of the preceding.

A single pair was bred by Mr. Green from the larva of a species
of Eupterote.

Genus HYMENOBOSMINA, D. T.

Bosmina, Cameron (nee Baird, 1845), Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 120.
Jfymeitobosmhia, Dalla Torre, Cat. Ichn., 1901, p. 136; Scbniie-

deknecht, Opusc. Ichn. xx, 1908, p. Io23.
Neobosmina, Cameron, Entoni. 1906, p. 250.

GEXOTTPE, Bosmina spinipes, Cam.

Head with the clypeus not discrete : eyes internally roundly,
but not deeply, emarginate ; mandibular teeth stout and unequal
in length. Antenna1 as long as the body. Metathoracic area)

HYMENOBOSMINA. 439

distinct and entire. Scutellura not strongly convex, slightly
longer than broad, with its apex obtuse and usually distinctly
margined. Basal abdominal segment slender, elongate and
carinate beneath, with its spiracles behind the centre ; terebm
shortly exserted. Tarsal claws with stout and stiff bristles.
Wings with no areolet.

Range. India, Ceylon.

In both the typical species of this genus, and in the type of
H. pilosella the metathoracic spiracles are elongate.

Cameron says (Zoo. 0&.)thftt this genus " comes near to Charops,
with which it agrees in wanting the areolet, but that genus
may be known from, it by the eyes being deeply emarginate, the
scutellum depressed and the antennae scarcely half the length of
the body. Apart from the absence of the areolet it comes near to
Campoplex, which may be known from it by the much larger and
more elongated spiracles. The spiracles are more oval than in
Limneria, and the median segment [metathorax] has the areas
more numerous and more distinct." It is very closely allied to
Cliarops, but the head is much broader posteriorly.

The above description he supplements in 1903 (Zeits. Hym.-
Dipt. iii, p. 338) by a more detailed account of the venation, &c. : —
Face and the apically rounded clypeus deplanate ; cheeks as long
as the scape ; postpetiole very distinct from the petiole ; basal
nervure continuous through the median ; hind wings with the
apical nervures entirely wanting and with but two entire cells, a
longer superior one extending to a little beyond the centre of the
wing, and a shorter inferior one less than halt' the length of the
upper.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Frona centrally carinate ; scape entirely

red.

2 (3) Flagellum entirely black ; legs without

black markings spimpes, Cam., p. 439.

3 (2) Flagellum basally pale : hind legs with

black markings / trichoptilus, Cam.,

4 (1) Frons not carinate ; scape tiavidous only [p. 440.

beneath.
£> (6) Areola not basally acuminate ; hind

femora black . . . .' , pilosella, Cam., p. 441.

0 (5) Areola basally acuminate ; hind femora

testaceous mandibularis, Cam.,

[p. 442.

328. Hymenobosmina spinipes, Cam.

Bosmina spinipes, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 121, pi. iii,

fig. 13($).

$ . Head : face, clypeus and external orbits with dense silvery
pubescence ; palpi, and base of mandibles broadly, stramineous ;
vertex closely, the frons more strongly, punctate and centrally
carinate. Antennae black, with the pubescence long and pale on
the red scape, short and black on the flagellum. Thorax immacu-
ate; mesonotum closely punctate, with dense black pilosity ;

440 ICIIXEU.MOXID/E.

pleurae and raetathorax with dense silvery hairs ; the latter with
live clearly defined area?, besides a small central one at the base ;
the spiracular region with two complete keels and strongly trans-
versely punctured ; propleurae centrally carinate, mesopleurae
punctate and centrally aciculate, with the metapleurae more
strongly punctate. Abdomen red, with the basal segment (except
apically) and the basal third of the second, black ; terebra very
shortly exserted, with the valvulae black. Legs red, with the
front coxae and trochanters flavous ; tibiae and tarsi somewhat
strongly spinose ; coxae and femora with white pubescence ; spines
of claws stout. Wings hyaline, with the tegulse flavous, the
nervures and stigma dark.

Length 8 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

.'529. Hymenobosmina trichoptilus, Cam.

Hymenobosmina trichoptihis, Cameron, Spolia Zeyl. vi, 1910,

$ • Black, with broad testaceous markings. Head finelv and
closely punctate, the face, clypeus and cheeks with densely pale
pubescence ; mandibles (except apically) flavous and the palpi
paler ; frons and vertex sparsely pilose. Antenna 27-jointed and
nearly as long as the body ; scape fulvo-testaceous ; flagellum
shortly and densely pubescent, with the five or seven basal joints
dull testaceous. Thorax with pale pubescence on all the pleura?
and the metathorax ; mesonotum closely, and metanotum more
sparsely, punctate, the latter with two externally dilated basal
areae, " their keels unite at the base, forming almost an area,
widened towards the base " ; areola distinct, longer than broad,
basally acuminate and apically truncate; petiolar area discrete
and centrally trans-striate ; metapleurse finely and closely punc-
tate, carinate below the spiracles and above the hind coxae.
Scutellum finely and closely punctate. Abdomen with the apex of
first, apical third of second, and sides of third to sixth segments,
testaceous ; petiole smooth and shining, with the postpetiole
dilated ; second ventral segment flavous, the remainder with
testaceous and blackish markings. Leys fulvo-testaceous, with
the anterior coxae and trochanters subflavescent ; hind coxa?
(except apically), apices of their tibiae and their tarsi, black.
Wings hyaline, with the stigma dark, the costa and nervures
blackish ; basal nervure continuous ; second recurrent nervure
broadly, and the discocubital, fenestrate ; hind wing with the
apical nervures obsolete.

Length 4 millim.

CEYLON : Galle (T. Bainbrigge Fletcher).

Type. Location unknown.

Bred by Mr. Fletcher during December from Trichoptilus
oxydactylus.

HYMENOBOSHLNTA. 441

330. Hymenobosmina pilosella, Cam.

Neobosmina pilosella, Cameron,* Entom. 1906, p. 250 (c?).

<3 . A black species, Avith the legs partly pale. Head dull,
closely and finely punctate, with dense long silvery pubescence ;
mandibles (except apically) , and palpi, stramineous ; f rons finely,
•closely, and irregularly striate in the centre. Antennae with dense
short black pubescence; the scape
testaceous beneath. Thorax with
dense long silvery hairs, closely and
regularly punctate ; metathorax
more strongly punctate ; areola fully
twice as long as broad, truncate, of
equal width at both extremities and
slightly wider in the middle, finely
reticulate, with its base glabrous and
the basal carina stronger than the
apical ; spiracular areae finely and
obliquely striate beyond the spiracles ;
petiolar area stoutly carinate, longer
Fig. 125. than broad, more strongly trans-

HymtHoibosmina pilosella, Cum. striate, especially in the centre of
its broad apex. Abdomen black, with

the four apical segments laterally, and the apices of the third and
fourth broadly above, ferruginous. Legs testaceous, with the
anterior femora rufescent and their coxae black ; hind legs black,
with the tibiae broadly rut'esceut centrally beneath and the calcaria
dark testaceous. Wings with the tegulae stramineous, stigma and
nervures black.
Length 8 millim.

The black markings on the legs are variable in extent, and the
intermediate legs are somewhat darker than the front ones. This
species differs from H. mandibularis in having the petiolar area
apically broad, the areola not basally acuminate, and the hind
femora and tibiae, except the latter centrally beneath, black.

PUNJAB: Simla, ix. 98 (Col. Nurse); BENGAL: Chapra (Mac-
kenzie), Pusa, iii. 07 (Pusa coll.) ; CEYLON : Kandy, ix. 09 (0. S.
WicJcivar}.

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

In addition to the type and cotype, I have seen three other
males, differing in no way whatever, except in the possession of
a small and elongately petiolate areolet.

331. Hymenobosmina mandibularis, Cam.

Bosmima mandibularis, Cameron, Zeits. Hyin.-Dipt. 1903,
p.888(cT).

cf. A black species, with the abdomen mainly ferruginous.
Head with dense silvery pubescence ; mandibles (except at apex

442

and extreme base) and palpi pale flavous ; face and clypeus closely
and uniformly punctate ; frons and vertex nearly as strongly,
though less closelv, punctate. Antennce as long as the bodv,
black, with the scape centrally flavous beneath. Thorax closely
and subunifonnly punctate ; metanotum with dense long silvery
pubescence ; its basal area short and subtriangular, strongly
constricted apically, areola extending to the petiolar area, obliquely
constricted basallv and gradually contracted to the excarinate apex ;
propleura3, centrally and apically, irregularly striate ; mesopleura3
linely and closely striate before the glabrous speculum. Abdomen
ferruginous, with the basal segment and the basal two-thirds of
the second, black. Leys testaceous, with the anterior flavidous ;
coxae, posterior trochanters, base of their femora broadly, hind
tarsi and apices of their tibiae, black. Wings hyaline, with the
tegulae pale flavous, the stigma and nervures black.

Length 8 in i Hi in.

PUNJAB: Simla; SIKKIM : Darjiling.

This species is said to differ from H. spinipes in not having the
frons carinate, and in the more sparsely spinulose tibiae and tarsi ;
from //. pilosella we are told (Entom. 1906, p. 250) that it is
distinct in its basallv acuminate petiolar area, the basally strongly
constricted metanotal areola, and in having the apical half of the
hind femora and nearly the whole of their tibiae red.

Genus TRATHALA, Cam.
Trathtda, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 122.

GEXOTYPE, T. striata, Cam.

Head not dilated behind the glabrous eyes ; clypeus discrete^
apically rounded and laterally strongly foveate ; mandibles large,
with subequal teeth : cheeks distinct. Xotauli indicated, but very
short; metathorax distinctly areated, with oval spiracles. Scu-
tellum convex, coarsely striolate laterally and apically. Abdomen
elongate and compressed, with the spiracles of the basal segment
small, circular, and behind the centre; terebra very strongly
exserted. Tarsal claws pectinate. Wings short, with no areolet ;
second recurrent emitted from the external cubital beyond the
submarginal nervure ; basal nervure continuous through the
median.

Ranye. Assam.

Cameron says this genus is allied to Campoplev, but I consider
the absence of an areolet places it much closer to Charops, Holmg.,
from which it would appear to differ in little but its discrete
clypeus, distinct metanotal area?, and apparently internally entire
eyes. Schmiedeknecht (Opusc. Ichn. p. 1524) places it next to
Nepiesta, Forst., by adding the supposititious characters : — hind
metatarsus more than a third of the tibial length and not dilated,
the parallel nervure not interstitial, and the eyes not internally
etnarginate.

TRATHALA.

443

332. Trathala striata, Cam.

Trathala striata, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 122, pi. Hi,

fig. US).

$ . An elongate, slender black species, with the greater part
of the legs and abdomen red. Head with frontal orbits, palpi,
mandibles, and the closely punctate face and clypeus, flavous ;
epistoina above, and the mandibular teeth, black ; vertex super-
ficially and sparsely punctate, frons more shining and transversely
aciculate. Antenna black, with the
scape, except centrally above, fla-
vous. Thorax immaculate, closely
and strongly punctate ; metanotum
with two central areac, the basal
being the shorter ; its base trans-
verse in the middle, becoming
obliquely wider, then gradually
narrowed, the keels bounding the
narrowed part being slightly
curved, not straight like the
basal ; its apical hall: transversely
striated ; the apical area more
strongly transversely striated ;•
the basal outer area closely and
finely punctate ; the apical trans-
versely rugose ; the spiracular area
distinctly defined, of equal width
throughout, and closely trans-
versely rugose ; its apex rounded
and ending opposite the base of the
middle coxae ; behind it is a narrow
area, reaching to the hinder coxa3 ; inside, this area is coarsely
rugose (sec Cam.) ; pleurae strongly punctate, mesopleurse cen-
trally strigose and basally smooth. Scutellum not, or hardly more
strongly punctate than the mesonotum, with its sides and apex
strongly and distinctly striate ; postscutellum cariniform. Abdo-
men red, with the first segment entirely, the second discally, and
the third basally, black ; first segment basally glabrous and beyond
the centre isolatedly punctate, finely and closely aciculate laterally
above before its apex ; second closely and finely aciculate longi-
tudinally throughout to near its smooth apex, and, like the third,
which is only basally aciculate, discally impressed ; terebra two-
thirds the length of the body. Legs red, with the anterior coxa&
and trochanters flavous. Wings hyaline and extending hardly
beyond the apex of the second segment ; nervures and stigma
black ; basal and apical abscissae of the radius oblique, the Litter
larger and somewhat less straight ; second recurrent nervure
broadly fenestrate above.
Length 15 millim.
ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Eoilmey}.
Type in the Oxford Museum.

Fig. 126.
Trathala striata, Cam.

444 ICHXEUMONID.E.

Genus CEPHALOBOLUS, gen. nov.

GrEN'OTYPE, 0. parvipes, Mori.

Head strongly punctate, nearly cubical, and a little broader
than the thorax ; mandibles stout, with the lower much longer
than the upper tooth, and their base broader than the cheeks ;
clypeus distinctly discrete, apically very broadly rounded, not
reflexed, and distinctly margined ; eyes internally parallel and
not emarginate, with the head between them and the widely
separated scrobes strongly inflated and obtusely prominent ;
vertex emarginate. Antennae filiform, stout, and not extending
beyond the apex of the abdomen. Thorax nitidulous, deeply and
evenly punctate throughout, with obsolete notauli ; mesosternum
bordered and strongly sinuate apically ; metathorax not apically
produced, its basal area small and distinct, the petiolar laterally
indicated ; spiracles elongate oval. Scutellurn triangular, slightly
convex, and not carinate. Abdomen compressed from base to
third segment ; the two basal segments of equal length ; basal
segment parallel-sided to a little beyond its centre and thence
elongate fusiform through the spiracles to the constricted apex,
glabrous, with very sparse punctation ; second closely aciculate
throughout ; third alutaceous, becoming subaciculate basally ;
ventral valvulaj large and elongately exserted. Legs short and
slender; all the tarsi unusually slender, hind claws nearly straight
and obsoletely pectinate basally ; anterior coxae sparsely punctate,
the hind ones coarsely and granulately punctate and strongly
<Jeplanate beneath. Wings not small, with the nervures very
strong ; areolet wanting ; submarginal nervure but little shorter
than the fenestrate second recurrent, and emitted slightly before
it ; the fenestrate internal cubital continuous with the first
recurrent ; basal nervure subcontinuous through the median ;
hind wings with all the apical nervures strongly pellucid ; the
recurrrent strongly postfurcal and thrice as long as the basal
abscissa of the radius ; nervellus subgeniculate centrally but not
intercepted.

Range. Kashmir.

This genus is certainly closely allied to Cliarops in the wanting
areolet, short antenna?, and the structure of the postpetiole, but
the head and thorax are much stouter and the legs dispro-
portionately short and slender ; to Clatha it is allied in the
apically obsolete nervures of the hind wings ; but from all
OpmoxrXuE with which I am acquainted the tumidous frontal
orbits, almost exactly resembling those of Bathycetes (Meniscus)
catenator, P/., render it abundantly distinct.

333. Cephalobolus parvipes, sp. n.

d . A black and nitidulous species, with the legs pale and the
abdomen centrally red. Head very large and black, with the
mandibles internally entirely and externally in the centre, apices

CEPHALOBOT/US. — XAXl'HOC'AMPOPLEX. 445

of cheeks, and part of external orbits, red ; scrobes broad ; face
lougitudinally impressed on either side and, like the cljpeus,
strongly and evenly punctate. An-
tenna and tliorax black, the latter
with the metanotum convex and
rugosely punctate. Abdomen black
and subpubescent, with the third
and apex of second segment red, the
three or four basal ventral segments
and apices of the genital valvula?
pale testaceous. Legs weak and
fulvidous, with all the coxae and
trochanters (except apically) black ;
hind femora centrally and their tibiae
apically dark beneath, their calcaria
hardly longer than the apical breadth
Fig. 127. of the closely spinulose tibue. Wings

Cejjhalobolus parvipcs, Mori. subhyaline, with the radix and base
of costa flavidous in all the wings,.

the tegulse dark and the stigma blackish, with its base paler.
Length 10 millim.

KASHMIR, 5000-6000 ft., v. 01 (Col. Nurse).
Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Genus XANTHOCAMPOPLEX, gen. nov.
GENOTYPE, X. orientalis, Mori.

It is convenient, if not entirely natural, to place the following
very remarkable insect in a genus apart from Campoplex, on
account primarily of the peculiar conformation of the alar areolet
and the tibial spines ; but the divergence from that genus is so
small, though the facies is very distinct, that it is only necessary
to say that the present genus differs therefrom in having the
clypeus somewhat distinctly discrete ; the third abdominal seg-
ment not at all laterally margined ; the scutellum subglabrous ;
the tibial spines strongly elongate ; the nervellus straight through-
out, not geriiculate. intercepted, or curved ; the apical abscissa of
the radius in the front wings straight, and the areolet minute,
oblique, and subobsolete, being less than half the length of its
petiole. Colour mainly flavous.

Range. Sikkim.

This genus appears to bear much the relationship to Campoplex
that Xantlwpimpla does to Pimpta.

334. Xanthocampoplex orientalis, sp. n.

c? 5 . Head very strongly transverse and posteriorly obliquely
constricted behind the internally emarginate and prominent eyes;
frons deplanate and broadly impressed above the normal scrobes;

446

vertex very narrow and centrally emarginate, \vith the ocelli
approximate ; face transverse and nitidulous, strongly and evenly
punctate, with the epistoma a little elevated ; clypeus subconvex,
apically margined, and broadly rounded, laterally foveate; mandibles
stout and apically equidentate, basally punctate and broader than
the cheeks. Antenna? stout and filiform, with the basal flagellar
joints not discrete. Thorax dull, evenly and distinctly punctate,
with no notauli ; metanotum not
elongate, with no basal area?, but
with the apices of the costulae and
sides of the excavate and trans-
aciculate petiokr area somewhat
strong; spiracles linear. Scutcllum
nitidulous and sparsely though dis-
tinctly punctate, convex and laterally
striate. Abdomen strongly com-
pressed throughout and obsoletely
punctate ; basal segment linear to
a little beyond its centre, and thence
abruptly and exactly fusiform to apex ;
second a little longer than the faintly
trans-impressed third ; anus of d
abruptly truncate, with the valvulae
not exserted, of $ strongly obtuse,
with the terebra shorter than the
basal segment. Leys of normal

length ; hind tibiae with strong and elongate discal spines through-
out ; claws closely pectinate. Wings hyaline, with the nervures and
narrow stigma black ; radial cell narrow and hardly angled above
the minute areolet, which is oblique and occupies hardly the
lower external third of the submarginal nervure ; basal nervure
not quite continuous ; lower wing with the basal abscissa of the
radius as long as the second recurrent; nervellus straight and
simple.

Length 8-10 millim.

SIKKJM, iv. 91 and iv.-vi. 00 (Col. Bingliani).
Type in the British Museum.

This is a bright flavous species with the mandibular apices,
interocellar space contiguous with occiput below, flagellum, three
mesonotal vittae (the external ones confluent at the scutellar fovea),
two basal metanotal spots, variable small meso- and sometimes
meta-pleural marks, discal and lateral and ventral apices of
abdominal segments, and the hind legs with coxaland trochanteral
spots, base and apex of tibiae, external lines on femora and most
of their tarsi, black.

I have seen three specimens, representing both sexes, of this
species.

Fig. 128.

_Ya >i t It oca mjxtptrx or ten ta //.*,
Mori.

CAMPOPLEX. 447

Genus CAMPOPLEX, Grav.

Campoplex, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Em-op, iii. 1829. p. 453 ; Forster
Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1868, p. 761.

Ichneumon puyillator, L.

Head nearly always distinctly transverse, rarely subcubical ;
•eyes internally emarginate next the scrobes ; clypeus laterally
foveate, and not discrete from the closely punctate and subde-
planate face ; mandibles broad, with equal teeth. Antennae
subfiliform, not longer than the body, and always somewhat
stout ; scape subentire. Thorax always coarsely sculptured dis-
cally, scabrous or rugulose ; metathorax elongate and not apically
produced: inetanotum usually impressed longitudinally in the
centre, rarely carinate, with more or less obsolete arese ; spiracles
always elongate and often linear. Scutellum coarsely sculptured
and not deplanate. Abdomen strongly compressed throughout
and usually centrally red ; first segment not plicate beyond the
centre of the postpetiole ; the two basal segments narrow, with
their spiracles beyond, very rarely in, their centre ; third at least
basally margined ; terebra very rarely elongate. Legs slender,
with the hind femora usually a little stouter ; tibiae obsoletely
spinulose ; tarsi not dilated, and their claws always more or less
closely pectinate ; calcaria stout, with the front ones sinuate.
Areolet large, broad, always triangular and distinct, often petio-
late and never broadly sessile ; stigma narrow ; radial cell not
broad, with the external radius usually bisinuate ; lower wing
with the basal abscissa of the radius and the recurrent nervure
strong and of variable relative length ; nervellus usually geniculate
or intercepted below, rarely in, its centre, but sometimes simply
a little curved at its lower extremity.

Range. Palsearctic and Nearctie Begions, India, Ceylon.

With us this genus, easily recognised by its elongate meta-
thoracic spiracles and large triangular areolet, is almost confined
to the hill districts, and the very great majority are only known
from the Himalayas ; the mountains of Ceylon have five species,
and both Poona and Calcutta but one. 1 regret that my know-
ledge of the European representatives is insufficient to enable me
to clear up all the synonymy ; but I have little hesitation in
saying that most of at least the northern forms may prove to be
widespread Palaearctic species ; but it is better to allow Cameron's
names to stand provisionally until a more exhaustive comparison
with the European forms is possible. Cameron's descriptions are
somewhat superficial, and omit many of the more important
characters utilised by Holmgren and Forster to such an extent
that I cannot place his C. speciosus, the type of which I have had
no opportunity of examining.

448 ICHXEUMOMDJE.

Table of Species.

1 (32) Areolet more or less distinctly petio-

late.

2 (31) "Wings clear hyaline throughout!

3 (28) Mandibles apically or entirely black.

4 (15) Second recurrent nervure emitted at or

before centre of areolet.

5 (12) Areolet very shortly petiolate.

G (9) Metanotum discally impressed ; second
abdominal segment apically red.

7 (8) Hind tibise testaceous ; scape black .. proximus, Forst.,p.449,

8 (7) Hind tibiae black ; scape pale at [p. 450.

apex fi<scipalpis, Cam.,

9 (6) Metanotum not discally impressed ;

second abdominal segment usually
all black.

10 (11) Anus black; basal nervure elongately

postf urcal novitius, sp. n., p. 450-.

11 (10) Anus red; basal nervure slightly

postfurcal perditor, Forst., p. 451.

12 (5) Areolet with a long petiole.

13 (14) Inner submarginal nervure thrice the

length of its petiole indicus, sp. n., p. 452.

14 (13) Inner submarginal nervure hardly

longer than its petiole simlaensis, Cam., p. 453.

15 (4) Second recurrent emitted beyond

centre of areolet.

16 (25) Hind tibiae black, sometimes paler

apically or at the base.

17 (20) Frons sp'arsely punctate and centrally

carinate.

18 (19) Metanotum impressed throughout ;

hind tibiae basally white minimus, sp. n., p. 453.

19 (18) Metanotum centrally impressed ; hind

tibiae basally black cytteis, Cam., p. 454.

20 (17) Frons closely punctate and not

carinate.

21 (22) Areolet incomplete: metanotal areae

entire inquinatns, sp. n., p. 454.

22 (21) Areolet complete ; metanotal areas

not entire.

23 (24) Metanotum not centrally carinate;

basal nervure not continuous zonatus, sp. n., p. 455.

24 (23) Metanotum centrally bicarinate ; basal

nervure continuous binghami, sp. n., p. 456.

25 (16) Hind tibiae red, with their apices alone

black.

26 (27) Petiole of areolet very short; meta-

notum centrally bicarinate altius, sp. n., p. 456.

27 (26) Petiole of areolet elongate ; meta-

notum not centrally carinate tyrannus, Cam., p. 457.

28 (3) Mandibles entirely pale. [p. 458.

29 (30) Front coxae and anus black lapponicus, Holmg.,

30 (29) Front coxae pale, anus entirely red . . prytanes, Cam., p. 458.

31 (2) Wings infumate, becoming violaceous

apically infvmattts, n. n., p. 459.

CAMPOPLEX. 449

32 (1) Areolet with no distinct petiole. [p. 460.

33 (34) Wings very strongly infumate himalayensis, Cam.,

34 (33) Wings clear hyaline throughout.

35 (40) Second recurrent emitted from centre

ofareolet.

36 (37) Hind tibiae flavescent ; anus entirely

red co'iifimis. Forst., p. 461.

37 (36) Hind tibi;e and the anu,s black.

38 (39) Length 12 millim. $ only buddha, Cam., p. 462.

39 (38) Length 10 millim. <$ only indicatus, sp. n., p. 463.

40 (35) Second recurrent emitted beyond

centre of areolet.

41 (42) Areolet -vertical ; legs nearly entirely [p. 463.

black reticulatus, sp. n.,

42 (41) Areolet oblique ; legs mainly red. [p. 464.

43 (44) Scutellum and head not white sumptuosus, Cam.,

44 (43) Scutellum and part of head broadly •

white longipes, Smith, p. 464.

335. Campoplex proximus, Forst.

Campoplex proximuS) Forster, Verh. z.-b. Ges. 1868, p. 868.

c? . A black species, with the abdomen centrally red and the
tibiae testaceous. Head distinctly transverse, with the frons
rugosely punctate and feebly carinate centrally ; mandibles,
except apically, and the palpi, testaceous. Antennae elongate,
immaculate, with the ten penultimate joints longer than broad.
Thorax black ; propleurse coarsely but not closely trans-rugose
below ; mesopleura? alutaceous and dull ; metathorax longitudinally
impressed throughout and basally trans-rugose, with inconspicuous
basal carinse. Abdomen black, with the third, most of fourth, and
apex of the second segments red, the third with a lateral black
line to the spiracles ; basal segment with no lateral foveas and its
spiracles somewhat prominent, broadest between the spiracles
and thence gradually constricted to the apex. Legs testaceous,
with the base of the anterior coxa?, the hind coxae, their tro-
chanters and femora, black ; hind tibiaa darkened apically and
slightly at their extreme base. Wings hyaline, with the areolet
slightly petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure from its centre ;
tegulas testaceous ; stigma piceous.

Length 8-9 millim.

UNITED PROVINCES : Mussoori, v. 05 (E. Brunetti — Ind. Mus.).

This species has been found extremely rarely, and has not
been recorded since Forster took it at Aachen, more than forty
years ago. Tet there is an undoubtedly synonymous c? in the
Calcutta Museum; and with it was taken 'a specimen agreeing
with the doubtfully distinct Campoplex anxius, Forst., also known
only from Aachen and in the male sex ; it agrees in every way
with G. proximus except in its strongly petiolate areolet ; the size,
however, is slightly larger, and the abdomen, unfortunately, is
wanting.

450

ICn>*EUMONID.E.

336. Campoplex fuscipalpis, Cam.

Campoplex fuscipalpis, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 115 ( 2 ).

$ . Head black, with only centre of mandibles piceous ; palpi
dark and with black pubescence ; face and clypeus closely and
uniformly though not finely punctate, and with sparse silvery
pubescence; frons and vertex similarly punctate, with shorter
dark pubescence. Antennae, black and with very short black

pubescence ; scape with some-
what long white pubescence
beneath, and apically testa-
ceous. Thorax immaculate
and discally punctate ; meso-
notum with dense dark
hairs ; metanotum with some-
what sparse silvery pubes-
cence, especially centrally,
the base from the middle
to the apex broadly de-

— • ^^^^ pressed ; propleune closely

^ ^S punctate and below longi-

tudinally aciculate ; meso-
pleurse below basally niti-
dulous and obsoletely striate,
their apices above distinctly
aciculate nearly to centre ;
Fig. 129.— Campopkx fuscipalpis, Cam. metapleurae closely punctate

to spiracles and thence closely

and irregularly aciculate. Scutellum with dense pale pilosity.
Abdomen black, with the sides broadly and the apex of second
and third segments entirely, and of fourth segment except
discally, red. Legs black; anterior femora apically throughout
and beneath to centre, and the front tibiae and tarsi entirely,
testaceous. Wings clear hyaline ; costa and stigma black,
nervures paler ; areolet very shortly petiolate, with its sides
coalesceut above, emitting the recurrent nervure almost from its
centre ; first submarginal nervure straight, the second slightly
curved.

Length 8 millim.

This species, which is indicated as a female though no mention
is made of the concealed terebra, was collected by Bothney in the
Khasi Hills of Assam.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

337. Campoplex novitius, sp. n.

d . A black species, with long pilosity ; the mandibles and
front legs partly testaceous, and the abdomen centrally red. Head

CAMPOPLEX. 451

•closely punctate and not very narrow posteriorly ; frons simple,
and the scrobes a little elevated externally ; mandibles, except at
apex, testaceous and basally as broad as the cheeks; palpi black.
Antenna? immaculate, with the basal flagellar joints not discrete.
Thorax with the metanotum finely scabrous and not at all
impressed, with no trace of carinaa ; spiracles elongate. Scutellum
coarsely punctate, and not carinate. Abdomen obsoletely punctate,
black, with the third, fourth, and base of the fifth segments bright
red ; postpetiole linear and hardly broader than the petiole,
valvulae large and exserted. Legs black, somewhat slender, with
only the front coxae apically, their femora and tibiae internally,
testaceous. Wings hyaline, with the tegulae and stigma black ;
areolet vertical, somewhat broad, with its petiole hardly a fourth
the length of the internal nervure, external nervure straight,
emitting the recurrent uervure from distinctly before its centre :
radius externally sinuate, lower basal nervure elongately post-
furcal ; lower wings with basal abscissa of radius half as long
again as recurrent; nervellus neither geniculate nor intercepted,
• but slightly curved below.

Length 9 milliin.

UNITED PROVINCES : Mussoori, 7000 ft., x.06 (H. M. Lefroy).

Ti/pe in the Pusa collection.

In size and coloration it closely resembles 0. zonatus, but the
conformation of the areolet, etc., is very distinct. Its facies
closely resembles that of C. lapponicus, Holmg.

338. Campoplex perditor, Forst.

Campoplex perditor, Forster, Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1868, p. 796 ; Kriech-
bauiner, Corr. Zool. Min. Ver. Reg. 1883, p. 113; Thomson,
Opusc. Enc. xi, 1892, p. 1077 ($).

§ . Head black and narrowed posteriorly, with the mandibles
(except apically) and palpi pale; frons distinctly carinate and not
impressed centrally ; scrobes simple. Antennce black and nearly
as long as the body. Thorax immaculate, with piceous pilosity;
pronotum trans-striate beneath ; inesopleurae strongly punctate and
somewhat nitidulous. Scutellum distinctly convex. Abdomen
strongly compressed, red, with the basal segment, second (except
its apex), the third discally and sometimes the following discally,
'black; basal segment elongate, with weak lateral foveae and
prominent spiracles ; third segment laterally emarginate ; terebra
shortly exserted. Legs testaceous, with the anterior basally, the
hind coxae, trochanters and femora, with apex and extreme base
of their tibiae, black. Wings hyaline, with the tegulae blackish
and the stigma dull ferruginous ; areolet subpetiolate, emitting
the recurrent nervure from its centre; basal nervure slightly
postfurcal.

Length 9 millim.

452 ICHXLUMOXID.r.

BOMBAY: Poona. viii.SO (It. C. WrovgJiton—'Brit. Mus.).
GERMANY.

The normal length of this species in Germany is 13-14 millim.,
but the specimen taken at Poona by my friend Mr. Wroughton
so exactly coincides with it in every other respect that I do not
feel justified in regarding it as distinct. In this example the anus
is entirely rufescent and the third segment has no lateral black
lines.

339. Campoplex indicus, sp. n.

Campoplt.r indicus, Cameron MS.

'$ . A dull black species, with only the abdomen and front legs-
partly red. Head closely and rugulosely punctate, and roundly
constricted behind the eyes ; face distinctly and somewhat deeply
punctate ; cheeks as broad as the base of the immaculate mandibles-
Antennce immaculate, with the basal flagellar joints not discrete.
Thorax : metanotum somewhat evenly scabriculous, with no trace
of areae, centrally subsulcate and trans-aciculate from near base to
apex ; spiracles linear. Scutellum black, dull, and a little convex.
Abdomen discally linear, obsoletely punctate and compressed from
base of third segment ; basal segment glabrous and hardly broader
beyond the subcentral spiracles : second segment pilose, with
distinct thyridii. its apex somewhat broadly and the two following
segments entirely bright red; terebra straight, slightly longer
than the basal segment. Leys normal, black, with the front tibiae
and inner side of their femora alone red; intermediate tibia;
dusky ferruginous ; inner hind calcar slightly longer than the
outer. Wings clear hyaline, with the tegula? and stigma black ;
areolet oblique, distinctly petiolate, with the petiole about one-
third the length of the internal submarginal nervure ; external
submarginal broadly curved ; radius slightly sinuate above the
areolet, which emits the recurrent from its centre; lower basal
nervure elongately postfurcal ; lower wings with basal abscissa of
radius nearly twice as long as the recurrent nervure and the
nervellus subgeniculate, though not intercepted, at its lower
third.

Length 11 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, iv. 97 (Col. Nurse, type); KAJPUTANA: Mt. Abu
(Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species is apparently allied to C. stragifex, Forst., but with
the frons not carinate, intermediate femora black and the third
abdominal segment immaculate laterally, speculum not smoother^
second segment shorter than third, and the legs much darker.

Possibly my C. indicates is the male of the present species,,
though I think not.

CAMPOPLEX. 453

340. Campoplex simlaensis, Cam.

Campoplex simlaensis, Cameron. Zeits. Hvm.-Dipt. v. 1905, p. 282

(£)•

$ . Black, with the abdomen broadly red centrally and the
anterior legs mainly flavous. Head black and with silvery
pubescence throughout ; face and clypeus closely, uniformly and
somewhat strongly, the frons and nude vertex more feebly,
punctate ; mandibles immaculate and with white pubescence.
Antennce black. Thorax : metanotum closely and uniformly
punctate, with dense white hairs and longitudinally canaliculate
from near base ; basal lateral arete entire and broadly rounded ;
propleurse glabrous and nitidulous below, closely and distinctly
punctate above ; mesopleura? closely punctate, subimpressed and
longitudinally aciculate centrally, and obliquely substriate on their
upper two -thirds ; metapleurae closely and somewhat strongly
punctate, obscurely striate above. Kcutellurn closely and rugosely
punctate, with dense long white pubescence. Abdomen black,
with the third to fifth segments, aud the second beneath, red.
Legs black, with the anterior tibiae and tarsi pale flavous, their
femora ferruginous ; hind calcaria black. Wings clear hyaline,
shoi'ter than the abdomen, with the stigma and nervures black ;
areolet rounded above, with the petiole nearly as long as the sides
of the areolet, emitting the recurrent uernire from its centre ;
basal nervure not continuous through the median ; hind wings
with the external nervures subobsolete.

Length 10 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, ix. 98 (Col.

Type iu. Col. Nurse's collection.

341. Campoplex minimus, sp. n.

$ $ . Head distinctly transverse and black, with the mandibles
black and the palpi stramineous ; frons centrally carinate longi-
tudinally, but not impressed ; scrobes simple. Antenna} black and
nearly as long as the body. Thorax immaculate, with white
pubescence ; metathorax longitudinally impressed throughout and
trans-aciculate ; spii*acles linear. Scutellum convex and black.
Abdomen with the third, fourth, and extreme apex of the second
segment red ; postpetiole immaculate black and cliscally convex
beyond the conspicuous spiracles; third segment laterally im-
marginate and immaculate ; terebra very shortly exserted. Legs
black, with the anterior tibia; and tarsi, and the fulvous front
femora internally, stramineous ; hind tibiae conspicuously white
at their base. Wings hyaline, with the tegulse dark, the radix
stramineous and the stigma ferruginous ; areolet somewhat
elongately petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure distinctly
beyond its centre ; lower basal nervure but slightly further from

454

base than the upper: basal abscissa of radial nervure in hind wing
hardly longer than the recurrent; nervellus indistinctly inter-
cepted far below its centre.

Length 1 in i Him.

BENGAL: Calcutta, xii. 07 (Ind. Mus.) ; ASSAM: Shillong,
6000 ft. (Saarland Turner).

Type 5 in the Indian Museum.

This species is certainly most closely allied to C. perditor,
Forst., from which its smaller size and basally white hind tibiae
will distinguish it.

The cf from Shillong probably constitutes the alternate sex,
since it differs only in its stramineous mandibles and tegulae, and
the entirely rufescent anus.

342. Campoplex cytaeis, Cam.

Campople.c cytteis, Cameron, Zeits. Ilym.-Dipt. iii, 1903. p. 339 ($ ).

2 . A black species, with the abdomen narrowly in the centre,
and the anterior legs more broadly, red. Head black, closely
punctate, the face and clypeus with dense white pubescence;
palpi infuscate, and the mandibles centrally broadly red ; frons
sparsely and superficially punctate, centrally distinctly carinate.
Antennce immaculate. Thorax black; metanotum broadly but
superficially impressed centrally, more strongly punctate than the
mesonotum and closely trans -striate, but more sparcely so
apically ; basal area small and quadrate, emitting short oblique
carinae from its apical angles; propleurao nitidulous and irregularly
striate below ; metapleurae apically strongly and obliquely striate
above the unusually stout lateral cariuse ; metasternal carinae
stoat and distinct. Scutelhim convex and with sparse pale
pubescence, obscurely striate laterally. Abdomen black, with the
third segment almost entirely, and the second laterally, red. Legs
with the anterior tibiae and the apices of their femora dull
testaceous; hind legs black, with the apices of the tibiae dull
testaceous. Wings hyaline and iridescent, with the stigma and
nervures blackish ; areolet shortly petiolate, emitting the recurrent
nervure beyond its centre.

Length 14 mi Him.

SIKKIM: Darjiling.

343. Campoplex inquinatus. sp. n.

$ . A small and slender black species, with obscure red
markings on the abdomen and anterior legs. Head constricted
behind the eyes and distinctly transverse ; frons neither carinate nor
impressed; scrobes simple. Antenna1, black throughout and three-
quarters the length of the body. Thorax immaculate ; metanotum

CAMPOPLEX. 455

trans-strigose, with the arese entire and strong ; areola hexagonal
and elongate, emitting costulse
slightly before its centre; petiolar
area strongly discrete ; spiracles
elongate. Abdomen black, with the
third and fourth segments, apex of
fifth narrowly, and lateral spots on
the second, red ; postpetiole immacu-
late and but slightly dilated apical ly ;
terebra very shortly exserted. Legs
slender and black, with the anterior
tibiae, the front femora (except
basally above), and the intermediate
slightly, testaceous. Winys hy-
Pig. ISO'" aline, with the stigma and tegular

Campoplex inquina s, Mori. entirely black, radix testaceous ;
basal nervure not continuous;

areolet distinctly petiolate and emitting the unifenestrate re-
current nervure very slightly before its basally pellucid external
nervure ; basal abscissa of the radius in the hind wings hardly at
all longer than the recurrent nervure ; nervellus subgeniculate,
though not intercepted, far below its centre.
Length 11 millim.

ASSAM : Shillong, 6000 ft., viii. 03 (Rowland Turner).
Type in the British Museum.

Similar to C. incompletus, Bridg., only known from Britain and
in the male sex ; but very different in its metanotal sculpture.

344. Campoplex zonatus, sp. n.

Campoplex zonatum, Cameron MS.

5- Head distinctly transverse and roundly constricted behind
the eyes ; frons finely and closely punctate, very obsoletely
carinate above the simple scrobes ; mandibles black, becoming
badious before their apices, and basally as broad as the cheeks ;
palpi dark and ligula testaceous. Antennce. immaculate. Thorax :
metathorax with no carinse, centrally subsulcate and trans-striate
throughout ; spiracles elongate. Abdomen obsoletely punctate
and black, with the third and fourth segments alone bright red ;
postpetiole immaculate, linear and hardly broader than the petiole;
terebra very short, reflexed and hardly extending beyond the anus.
Leys black, with the calcaria, and front tibiae and tarsi, testaceous ;
hind femora not very slender. Wings hyaline, with the tegulae
and stigma dark ; areolet vertical, with the inner nervure thrice
as long as its petiole, the outer nervure slightly curved, emitting
the recurrent nervure a little beyond its centre ; radius not
sinuate above the areolet ; basal nervure not continuous ; basal
abscissa of the radius of the hind wing only slightly longer than

456 ICHXEUMONIDJE.

the recurrent nervure ; nervellus geniculate, though not inter-
cepted, at its lower third.

Length 10 millim.

It would appear to be somewhat closely allied to C. spinipe*,
Thorns., which I do not know.

PUNJAB : Simla, ix. 98 (Col. Nurse, type), Kangra Valley,
4500 ft., vii. 99 (G. C. Dudgeon).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

345. Campoplex binghami, sp. n.
Campoplex binghami, Cameron MS.

$ . Head transverse and posteriorly a little narrower than the
eyes, but not roundly constricted ; frons with no carina, not
impressed, and scrobes not auriculate ; palpi and mandibles
except apices of latter, stramineous. Antennae, black, with the
scape stramineous beneath, and basal flagellar joints not discrete.
Thorax with the mesopleurae nitidulous, aud the interstices
smooth ; metanotum centrally trans-striate and distinctly
bicarinate throughout, with the costulae strong and the petiolar
area a little impressed ; spiracles linear. Abdomen obsoletely
punctate, black, with the apical half of third, whole of fourth,
most of fifth, and apices of the remaining segments, red ;
postpetiole immaculate and laterally a little curved ; third segment
only basally margined ; terebra halt' the length of the abdomen
and very slightly reflexed. Le</s black, with the hind femora not
slender ; calcaria, anterior tibiae, and front femora internally,
testaceous. Wings hyaline, with the tegulae and stigma black ;
areolet with the inner submarginal nervure not longer than its
petiole, the outer curved, and the recurrent emitted almost from
its apex ; basal nervure continuous ; basal abscissa of radius of
hind wing not longer than the recurrent nervure ; nervellus
geniculate, though not intercepted, at its lower third.

Length 12 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, ix.98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species appears to be allied to C. punctatus and C. incom-
pletus, Bridg., though certainly very different from either.

346. Campoplex altius, sp. n.

c£ . A black species, with long white pubescence ; the mouth,
scape, and legs flavidous, ths apical half of the abdomen red, and
the metanot\im strongly bicarinate throughout.

Length 10 millim.

This species is extremely like C. binghami and may possibly
constitute its alternate sex ; but it differs in having the petiole
of the areolet hardly a third the length of the inner submarginal
nervure, the head much narrower behind the eyes, the frons
obsoletely carinate longitudinally in the centre, the scape entirely

CAMPOPLEX. 457

bright flavous with only its apex black above, the anterior legs
with their hind trochanters flavous, the tegulrc also flavous, the
hind legs fulvous with only their coxae black, the nervellus not at
all geniculate, the anus entirely red, and the red genital valvuke
exserted.

CEYLON : Diyatalawa, 4000 ft., viii. 07 (T. B. Fletcher).

Type in the author's collection.

Described from a single specimen.

347. Campoplex tyrannus, Cam.

Campoplex tyrannus, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 116 (c?).

3 . Head black ; face and clypeus closely, uniformly, and some-
what coarsely punctate, with dense dark pilosity ; epistoma closely
trans-aciculate above ; mandibular teeth testaceous, palpi flavous.
Antenna; entirely black, with short black pubescence ; scape with
dense long black pubescence beneath. Thorax immaculate; meso-
notum closely punctate, with dense dark pubescence ; metanotum
with dense long silvery hairs, closely trans-aciculate and centrally
canaliculate ; propleurae nitidulous, aciculate above, apically sulcate
and carinate ; mesopleura? strongly punctate, with silvery hairs,
strongly striolate below the radices, basally sulcate throughout,
with the oblique impression strongly subtransversely striolate,
and the apex longitudinally aciculate ; metapleurse finely rugose,
centrally carinate, with the carina abruptly curved basally before
the spiracles. Scutellum coarsely rugose, with long pale pilosity,
and laterally excavate and glabrous. Abdomen red, with the basal
segment entirely, the second discally, and the fourth to anus
broadly tinged with, black. Legs testaceous; coxa?, posterior
trochanters, and hind femora black ; front legs flavidous and
intermediate femora rufescerit ; hind tibiae red and densely spinose.
with their apices and tarsi black. Wings clear hyaline ; nervures
and stigma dark ; areolet petiolate with its sides curved, emit-
ting the recurrent nervure from its apical third.

Length 9 millim.

2 . Agreeing in every way with the above description, except
that the two basal segments and the basal half of the third are
black, with the anus entirely red, the intermediate femora also
black, and the distinctively spinulose hind tibia? bear a dark band
before their pale base. The areolet is strongly oblique, with its
inner nervure almost shorter than its petiole ; the radius exter-
nally straight, and the basal nervure not quite continuous ; the
radius of hind wings about a third longer than the recurrent, and
the nervellus quite straight. The metathoracic spiracles are
linear, and the terebra extends but slightly beyond the apex of
the abdomen.

Length 12 millim.

ASSAM: Khasi Hills (RotTmey, type); CEYLON: Maskeliya,
iv. 05 (E. E. Green}.

458 ICIINEVMOXIDJE.

348. Campoplex lapponicus, ffolmy. (Plate I, fig. 9.)

Campoplex lapponicus, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, p. 37 ;
Foreter, Verh. z.-b. Ges. 1868, p. 872; Holmgren, Bih. Sv.
V.-A. Handl. 1872, p. »1 ; cf. Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, p. 1073,
et Briechke, Schr. Nat. Ges. Dauz. 1891, p. 65 (<$ $).
Campoplex cnllizonus, Forster, Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1868, p. H03 ($ X
Campoplex yreeni, Cameron, Spolia Zeylnnica, 190o, p. 127 ($).

c? $ . A black species, with the centre of the abdomen and part
of the legs rufescent. Head very little constricted posteriorly,
closely punctate and witli dense silvery pubescence ; frons not
impressed, scrobes simple ; mandibles ferruginous throughout,
and basally with white pubescence ; palpi dark testaceoiis.
Antennas immaculate. Thorax distinctly and closely punctate,
with dense silvery pubescence; on the base of the inetanotum
are two roundly curved keels, forming two arese, which are as
long as wide ; the centre is depressed and transversely striated
closely' above, more widely and broadly below ; pleura? less closely
punctate than mesouotum, propleurae sinuately and obliquely
striate centrally and below, central apical impression of meso-
pleura; closely and regularly striate. Abdomen black, with the
third to fifth segments alone bright red ; terebra exserted. Legs
black, witli the front tarsi, tibiae, and apices of their femora, testa-
ceous ; intermediate femora near apices, and often their tibiae more
broadlv basally, testaceous; calcaria concolorous. Wings hyaline,
with the stigma infuscate and the nervures black ; areolet tri-
angular and shortly petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure
before its centre ; nervellus geniculate below its centre ; basal
abscissa of radius half as long again as the recurrent nervure.

Length 9-12 milliin.

N.W. FRONTIER PROVINCE : Peshawur (Copt. E. Y. Watson) ;
PCNJAB : Simla and Kasauli, v. 08 (N. Annandale) ; UNITED
PROVINCES: Mussoori, vi. 04 (E. Brunetti — Ind. Mus.) ; SIKKIM :
Darjiling, x. 05 (E. Bmnetti — Ind. Mus.) ; CEYLON : Pundaluoyu
and Hatton, ii. (E. E. Green).

Type in the Stockholm Museum.

Bridginan (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 420) records this species
us having been bred in England from the Geometrid moth,
Melanippe hastata ; he describes its cocoons as " palish brown,
sometimes ashy and uniform in tint"; and remarks upon the
distinctness of the species, the terebra of which is about as long
aa the basal segment. I possess one of his bred specimens.

349. Campoplex prytanes, Cam.
ampoplex
($)•

$ . Head black, with the mandibles (except basally) and the
palpi testaceous ; face closely, and the clypeus a little more

. CAHPOPLEX. 459'

sparsely, punctate. Antennce longer than the body and entirely
black. Thorax closely punctate and immaculate; metanotum more
closely rugosely punctate and with more dense white pubescence
than the mesonotuin, with an apical oblique carina on either side
extending to the metapleural carina? ; propleurae nitidulous and
centrally finely striate. Abdomen red, with the basal segment
alone black. Legs black, with the tibia? and tarsi feebly spinulose;.
front legs flavidous testaceous ; intermediate tarsi, tibiae, and
apices of femora, testaceous ; hind tarsi black, with their tibiae
testaceous red, becoming apically dark. Wings hyaline, with the
stigma and nervures black ; areolet shortly petiolate.

Length 10 millim.

SIKKIM : Darjiling.

350. Campoplex infumatus, nom. nov.

Campoplex carinifrons, Cameron * (nee Holing.), Manch. Menu
1899, p. 119 (tf).

c? . Head black, with the vertex closely punctate and with
dense black pubescence, with a distinct external sulcus by the
basal ocelli, which are separated by a longitudinal sulcus ; frons
depressed, with a stout longitudinal central carina ; apex of
clypeus isolatedly punctate ; mandibles and palpi testaceous ; face
densely pale-pilose. Antennce entirely black and very shortly
pubescent; scape punctate with longer black pilosity. llioraoc
immaculate ; mesonotum closely and uniformly punctate, with its
central lobe subelevated ; carina of metathorax curved laterally ;
at the middle it does not join the base of the segment, being
separated by a small smooth square area ; the part of the sides
enclosed by it closely punctate, the punctures more minute at
the base, running at the apex into obscure reticulations ; the
apex of the segment broadly depressed in the middle, and strongly
transversely striated ; propleurae closely punctate above and
strongly striate below ; mesopleurre strongly punctate, very finely
and closely aciculate below the tubercles, more strongly and
irregularly at the base of the fovese. Scutellam elevated, pyramidal
and with dense black pubescence, its basal fovea deeply impressed;,
postscutellum rugosely punctate. Abdomen red, with the three
basal segments discally broadly, and the following narrowly,
black. Legs testaceous ; coxae and posterior trochanters, and the
hind femora basally, black; hind tarsi blackish. Wings infumate,
becoming violaceous apically ; areolet constricted and almost
petiolate above, emitting the recurrent nervure shortly beyond
its centre.

Length 14-15 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (liotlmey").

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This male is said by its author to be similar in coloration to-
C. himalayensis, though differing in its smaller size, distinctly

4GO ICIINEUMOI«ID;E.

•carinate frons, more strongly pyramidal scutellum, with its basal
fovea broader and more profound ; the propleune being much
more strongly and regularly striolate below on either side of the
foveae ; the areolet shortly but distinctly petiolate (cf. supra), and
the basal segment only discally black.

351. Campoplex himalayensis, Cam.

Campoplex himalayensis, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 117 ( c? ).

c? . Head with an interocellar sulcus, the frons and vertex
isolatedly punctate and with dense black pubescence ; face and
•clypeus, except apically, strongly punctate ; mandibles coarsely
punctate, and dull testaceous before their teeth ; palpi fulvo-
testaceous. Antennce entirely black, with dense and very short

Fig. 131. — Campoplex Mmalayensis, Cam.

black pubescence ; scape nitidulous, with sparse long black
pilosity. Thorax immaculate; mesonotum closely and not strongly
punctate, with the notauli shallow and indistinct; metathorax
finely rugose basally, from its centre run two curved carinae, from
the middle of which runs a deep and wide depression to the apex
of the segment ; the entire apex before the carinae transversely,
nt the apex more obliquely, strongly striated, and thickly covered
with white hair; from near the apices of the two basal carinae
run stout, curved carina3 ; at the base of this, on the inner side,
two short carinae, and on the outer side two longer, oblique ones ;
propleurae strongly aciculate and centrally obliquely striate ;
mesopleurae punctate, sinuately striate and elevated above, strongly
carinate and strigose centrally, basally obliquely striate ; meta-
pleurae strigose and punctate, with the base irregularly rugose.
jScutellum more strongly and rugosely punctate than the mesonotum

CAMPOPLEX. 461

postscutellum deplanate, rugose and laterally carinate. Abdomen
red, with the basal segment except a lateral spot before its apex,,
second and third broadly above, and the remainder narrowly and not
entirely, black. Legs red, with all the coxae, posterior trochanters,
and hind femora broadly beneath, black ; anterior tibia? and tarsi
subflavidous ; hind tarsi blackish. Wings unicolorous infumate,
slightly violaceous; areolet not petiolate but with the lateral
nervures, of which the inner is straight and oblique and the outer
subsinuate, coalescent above.

Lengtli 17-18 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Roihney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

352. Campoplex confusus, Fdrst.

Campoplex confusus, Forster, Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1868, p. 841 ; Holm-
gren, Bih. V.-A. Handl. 1872, p. 62; Bridgman & Fitch,
Entom. 1885, j>. 17 ; Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, p. 1072 (d £ ).

Campoplex nursei, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1907,
p. 587 ($).

d 2 • A black species, with the legs mainly and the abdomen
partly red. Head: frons, face, clypeus and external orbits with
dense long silvery pubescence ; mandibles, except apically, and
palpi pale flavous and pilose ; face and clypeus closely and rugosely,
frons and vertex much more sparsely, punctate. Thorax stronglv
punctate, becoming reticulate at the base of the mesonotum and
striate before the scutellum ; metanotum closely punctate and
subtransversely striate, with no arete, but with a weak aud curved
transverse basal cariua, before which the punctation is obsolete ;
pleurae closely and strongly striate, with the meta- and part of the
meso-pleurae distinctly punctate. Scutellum convex, strongly and
closely punctate, substriate. Abdomen black, with a short apical
line on the second segment below and the remaining segments
(except irregularly above), rufescent : fourth and sixth segments
with larger discal black marks ; terebra 1 rnillim. in length.
Legs : front pair (except basal femoral lines), apices of inter-
mediate femora with their tibiae aud tarsi, and the hind tibiaa
(except sometimes apically), as well as all the calcaria, pale stra-
mineous. Wings clear hyaline, with the nervures and stigma
pale flavous ; areolet large, with its sides subcoalescerit above,
emitting the recurrent uervure from its centre.

Length 12-15 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla Hills, 7000 ft., v. 09 (N. Annandale) ; EAJPTJ-
TAKA : Mt. Abu (Col. flurse). EUHOPE.

Type of C. nursei in Col. Nurse's collection.

The flavous hind tibiae, which sometimes have a very small
black mark below and internally at their base and a broad brun-
neous apical mark extending to beyond the centre beneath, are
said to be characteristic of this species. I have carefully com-
pared the Indian type with the descriptions of C. confusus, and

462

feel but little doubt that they are entirely synonymous, though I
possess no European examples and the Oriental specimens have
the anus rufescent.

I have drawn the above description from Cameron's typical
female.

The species occurs throughout the northern and central districts
of Europe sparingly, and is said to have been bred from both
Noctuids and Geometrids.

353. Campoplex buddha, Cam.

Campoplex buddha, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 26 (£ ).

2 . Head closely and subuniformly punctate ; face and vertex
with dense white pubescence ; palpi, except basally, testaceous.
Antennce shining and with sparse long white pilosity. Thorax
closely punctate and with dense white hairs, shorter on meso-
notuin ; metathorax longitudinally rugulose, with its apex more
coarsely trans-striolate; propleurae irregularly and obliquely striolate

Fig. 132. — Campoplex buddha, Cam.

T?elow ; mesopleurae apically shining and subimpunctate ; meta-
pleura3 finely rugose and dull. Scutellum distinctly margined
laterally. Abdomen nitidulous, black, with the third, fourth, and
lower half of the fifth segments, red ; terebra shortly exserted.
Legs with white pubescence, black, with the anterior tarsi, tibise,
and apices of their femora flavous ; apices of intermediate femora
testaceous ; calcaria white. Wings hyaline, with the stigma and
nervures black.

Length 12 millim.

UNITED PROVINCES : Mussoori (llothney}.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

A7ery probably the alternate sex of C. indicatus.

CAMPOPLEX. 463

354. Campoplex indicatus, sp. n.

c? . A dull black species, with only the anterior legs partly and
the centre of the abdomen red ; anterior legs basally, palpi and
mandibles stramineous.

Length 10 inillim.

PUNJAB : Simla, ix. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This insect was indicated by Cameron as the d1 of G. indicus in
Col. Nurse's collection and is very similar thereto, calling
for no detailed description : it materially differs, however, in
having the areolet vertical and distinctly sessile with both sub-
marginal nervures straight, the metanotum neither sulcate nor
trans-aciculate centrally, the second segment longer than the
discallv subinfuscate third, the basal abscissa of the hind wing
radius hardly half as long again as the recurrent nervure ; the
mandibles, except their brunneous apices, anterior coxa? apically,
their trochanters and femora internally, and all the calcaria,
stramineous, with the anterior tibiae testaceous and front tarsi
white.

I quite expect that it will prove to be the alternate sex of
C. confusus,J?orst., or C. buddha, Cam.

355. Campoplex reticulatus, sp. u.

Campoplex reticulatus, Cameron MS.

d . A black species, with the legs sub-immaculate and the abdomen
centrally red. Head not very narrow posteriorly ; Irons not carinate ;
palpi and mandibles black, with the base of the latter narrower
than the cheeks. Antennce entirely black, with the basal flagellar
joints not discrete. Metanotum scabriculous and centrally broadly
subimpressed, though not sulcate or carinate, but with a strong
and sinuate basal transverse carina ; spiracles linear. Abdomen
obsoletely punctate and black, with the third and fourth and apex
of the second segments bright red ; postpetiole linear arid but
little broader than the petiole ; genital valvulae stout and exserted.
Legs somewhat slender and black, with only the front tibiae dull
castaneous. Wings hyaline, with radix, tegulae, and stigma in-
fuscate ; areolet vertical and subsessile, with its sides nearly
straight, and emitting the recurrent nervure a little beyond its
centre ; radius sinuate, basal nervure not quite continuous ; basal
abscissa of radius of hind wing nearly half as long again as the
recurrent; uervellus very slightly curved below, neither geniculate
nor intercepted.

Length 8 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Described from a single male.

464 ICHNEUMON! 1>.K.

356. Campoplex sumptuosus, Cam.

Campoplex sumptuosus, Cameron, Mancli. Mem. 1897, p. 28 (?c?).

Head black, closely and uniformly punctate, with dense and short
white pubescence, becoming darker and shorter on the vertex ; man-
dibles and palpi dark. Antennae black, with short black pubescence ;
scape with sparse white pilosity. Thorax immaculate and closely
punctate ; metanotutn centrally broadly but not deeply impressed,
with " the basal keel roundly curved " ; propleura? strongly and
obliquely striolate below ; mesopleurae elevated and trans-aciculate*
below the radices. Abdomen black, with the third, fourth, base of
fifth and apex of second segments, red. Leys with dense white
pubescence, the calcaria black. Wings clear hyaline ; areolet
oblique, and triangular above, emitting the recurrent nervure near
its apical third.

Length 7 millim.

CEYLON.

Cameron does not indicate the sex or the colour of the legs,
but contents himself with adding that this " is similarly coloured
to the preceding two species (C. buddJia and C. species-its), but is
much smaller, and otherwise may be readily separated by the two
keels at the base of the median segment [metathorax] being
roundly curved,'' though only one is indicated in his description.

357. Campoplex longipes, Smith.

Campoplex lonyipes, Smith, Scient. Res. 2nd Yarkand Mission,
1878, Ilyrn. p. 21 ; Waterhouse, Aid Ident. Insect, pt. xxv,
1885, pi. clxii, fig. 5 ( § ).

$ . A black species, with the abdomen and legs ferruginous,
and the scutellum white. Head with the facial orbits, clypeus
and mandibles flavescent white, and the last apically ferruginous.
Antenna; ferruginous throughout. Thorax dull and immaculate.
Scutellum white. Abdomen ferruginous and petiolate, with a black
spot on the petiolated segment near its apex, and the terebra
ferruginous. Legs concolorous, with the coxa? and trochanters
black, and the apices of the " posterior " tibia3 inf uscate. Wings
hyaline and iridescent, with the nervures and tegulae ferruginous ;
costa infuscate.

Length 11 millim.

KASHMIR : Sind Valley (Dr. Stoliczka).

"Waterhouse's very rough figure, which looks like a c? , helps us
but little to determine the affinities of this species. It shows the
alar areolet to be sessile and subpentagonal, with the outer cubital
nervure emitted nearly from its centre and the inner nervure
curved ; the stigma is flavous, the nervellus is postfurcaJ. inter-
cepted distinctly a little above its centre, and the basal abscissa of
the radius in the hind wing is of about the same length as the
transverse nervure ; but the basal abdominal segment and pos-
terior tibia? are immaculate red, and the terebra is not represented
at all.

CAMPOPLEX.— ZACHRESTA. 465

From the figure of the areolet it would appear most closely
allied, in this respect, to Campoplex sumptuosus.

So many European species occur in Kashmir, that the present
is probably no more than a synonym of some well-known insect.

358. Campoplex speciosus, Cam.

Campoplex speciosus, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 27 (? cJ ).

Head black, closely and uniformly punctate, with dense silvery
pubescence ; mandibles flavous, with piceous teeth. Antennae
entirely black and longer than the body. Thorax immaculate,
closely punctate, with dense and short white pubescence ; rneso-
notuin longitudinally sulcate centrally ; the metathorax " in the
middle, in the part below the triangular keel, is irregularly striated ;
the apex with the striae more apart, and it is more shining " ;
mesopleurse more sparsely punctate. Abdomen black, with the
third to fifth segments entirely red. Legs black ; front coxae and
trochanters entirely, the intermediate ones partly, and the anterior
femora beneath, bright flavous ; front tibiae and tarsi entirely,
and the intermediate tibia? in front, stramineous ; calcaria white,
coxae with silvery pubescence. Wings clear hyaline, Avith the
costa and nervures black.

Length 12 inillim.

CEYLON.

This species, whose sex is not intimated, is said by its author to
be very closely allied to C. buddha, but to differ in the large and
clearly defined basal triangular metanotal carina.

Genus ZACHRESTA, Forst.
Zachresta, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 161.

GENOTYPE, Z. insignis, "Woldst.

This genus is very closely allied to Campoplex, but may be
recognised from the remainder of the CAMPOPLEGIDES by the
following characters. Notauli obsolete or wanting; metanotum
not declivous throughout, nor with its apex produced above the
hind coxae; metathoracic spiracles elongate and not circular;
scutellum not acutely carinate laterally ; abdomen not compressed
so soon as at the second segment ; its postpetiole distinctly dilated ;
tibial calcaria distinctly shorter than the metatarsus ; hind tarsi
not dilated ; areolet entire.

Range. United States, Eussia, Sikkim.

359. Zachresta nigromaculata, Cam.

Zachresta nigromaculata, Cameron, Ann. Nat. Hist, xx, 1907,

p. 13(2)-'

5 . A flavous species, with very profuse black markings. Head
closely and somewhat strongly punctate, flavous and with white
pubescence, the ocelli, and a large central occipital mark gradually

2 H

466 ICHMEUMONIDJs.

dilated below, black. Antennas, black, with the scape flavous
beneath. Thorax closely and somewhat strongly punctate, white-
pubescent and flavous, with a broad central stripe on the basal
two-thirds of the mesonotum, uniting transversely at base with
an elongate line above radices, two semicircular basal inetanotal
marks, an irregular mark below the radices, and an oblique apical
mark (obtuse at both extremities) on the mesopieurae below, black ;
metanotum subrugosely punctate and not areated, its apical slope
broadly impressed centrally. Abdomen flavous, with a broad
fascia on the constricted base of the postpetiole, another basally
incised and apically transverse on centre of second segment, and
lateral spots together with the base of the following segments
broadly, and a central mark on the third to fifth ventral segments,
black ; basal segment nearly the length of the second and third
united, and distinctly widened apically; the following distinctly
not laterally compressed ; terebra 1 millim. in length. Legs con-
colorous with the body ; hind coxae broadly at the base beneath,
their trochanters basally, femora externally towards and entirely
at the base and apex, and their tarsi (except the basal half of
metatarsus), black ; tibiae sparsely, and the tarsi more closely,
spinulose ; calcaria elongate and about three-fourths the length of
the metatarsus. Wings hyaline, with the stigma and nervures
black ; areolet very small, elongately petiolate, emitting the re-
current nervure from its apex; basal nervure not continuous
through the median ; hind wings with radius and cubitus sub-
obsolete, and external nervures obsolete.

Length 9 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. Binyham),

The abdominal segments are said to be distinctly broad com-
pared with those of Gampoplex ; in fact, " the only difference
between this species and Campoplex of much importance," says its
author, " lies in the abdomen not being strongly compressed, the
latter genus having also the metanotum longer and more or less
areolated." It differs from Echthronomas, Forster (Verh. pr.
Eheinl. 1868, p. 151), in having the calcaria very distinctly shorter
than the metatarsi.

Genus RHIMPHOCTONA, Font.
Ehimphoctona, Forster, Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 153.

GENOTYPE, Pyracmon fulvipes, Holmg.

Head not cubical, broadly transverse and but little constricted
posteriorly ; clypeus short, not discrete from the face and often
apically dentate in the centre. Antennae stout, setaceous and
fully three-quarters the length of the body. Thorax stout, with
the speculum somewhat dull ; metathorax declivous throughout
and a little produced apically, with distinct areae ; costulae entire ;
spiracles exactly oval. Scutellum not deplauate or margined.
Abdomen strongly compressed from base of the third segment ;
terebra elongately exserted. Legs slender, with the claws dis-
tinctly pectinate. Badial cell sublanceolate, nearly thrice as long

RHIMPHOCTOS'A. 467

as broad ; areolet entire and sometimes sessile, emitting the
recurrent nervure but very slightly before its apex; nervellus
distinctly geniculate below its centre and sometimes emitting a
distinct nervure.

Range. Europe, Assam.

This genus was erected with no type ; but recently Professor
Schmiedeknecht, following Tschek, has referred Pyracmonfulvipes,
Holing. (Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, p. 102) to it. An Indian pair,
differing only in the absence of the clypeal production and in the
shape of the areolet, appears also to belong to it.

360. Khhnphoctona pluto, sp. n.

c? $ . A dull black species, with white pilosity and part of the
legs and abdomen pale. Head immaculate, with only the palpi
testaceous ; frons simple and trans-aciculate ; clypeus apically very
broadly rounded ; laterally subreflexed and centrally not produced ;
eyes entire. Anlennce with the scape
dull rufescent beneath. Thorax with
the mesonotum abruptly sloping
apically; metathorax gradually de-
clivous throughout and apically a
little produced between the hind
coxae; discally bicarinate throughout,
with the petiolar area as long as,
though broader than, the parallel-
sided areola, which is thrice as long
as broad, discrete from the minute
basal area and emitting costulae from
its basal third ; lateral cariuae strong
and remote. Scutellum subconvex

„,. . ,'£ , . ,.- , and not bordered. Abdomen slender,
BMaa/phoetona pluto, Mori. , , , ... . ., ., ,

black, with griseous pilosity, the

fourth and fifth segments dull red

in <S , the third to fifth with apical half of second and disc of anus
bright red in $ ; basal segment straight and discally intumescent
from just beyond its centre to its apex ; second deplanate and
scabrous; third strongly compressed and hardly smoother; the
following also compressed and subnitidulous ; valvulse exserted ;
terebra slightly reflexed and as long as the basal segment. Legs
slender and black, with all the calcaria, the anterior tibiae and tarsi,
and the front femora internally, testaceous ; claws pectinate.
Wings not narrow, hyaline, with the tegulsa and stigma black, and
the radix testaceous ; areolet not large, distinctly petiolate and
emitting the recurrent nervure hardly before its apex; second dis-
coidal cell externally subacute; basal nervure continuous ; nervellus
strong and geniculate below its centre, but emitting no nervure.

Length 12 millim.

ASSAM : Shillong, viii. 03 (Rowland Turner).

Type in the British Museum.

Described from a single pair.

2n2

468

Genus DELOPIA, Cam.
Delopia, Cameron, Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. iii, 1903, p. 304.

GENOTYPE, D. cariniscutis, Cam.

Eyes nude and internally emarginate ; cheeks thrice the length
of the second antennal joint ; clypeus basally not discrete and
apically broadly rounded. Metanotum short, obliquely declivous
throughout, gradually constricted apically, longitudinally carinate,
with two entire area; an either side, but the discal one wanting :
metanotal spiracles about thrice as long as broad ; metapleural
carina? entire. Scutellum subdeplanate, broader than long, and
laterally impressed before the carinate sides. Abdominal petiole
elongate, slender and glabrous ; postpetiole but very slightly
dilated. Legs slender and short, with the calcaria fully halt' the
length of the metatarsi ; claws small and simple ; tibirc and tarsi
spinulose. Wings with the areolet shortly petiolate, and the basal
nervure not continuous through the median.

Range. Sikkim.

The conformation and abdominal structure of this genus is
analogous with those of Camponlex ; it is, however, readily recog-
nised by the discally subdeplanate, laterally sulcate and carinate
scutellum, and by the peculiar disposition of the metanotal

361. Delopia cariniscutis, Cam.

Delopia cariniscutis, Cameron, Zeits. Hvm.-Dipt. iii, 190-3,
p. 337 ($).

$ . A black species, with the abdomen centrally and the tibiae
mainly red. Head black, with only the mandibles testaceous
red above ; face and clypeus
closely, distinctly and uniformly
punctate and white pubescent,
with the epistoma subprominent.
Antennce with the flagellum brun-
neous beneath. Thora.v closely
punctate and immaculate ; meta-
notum irregularly Irans-striate,
broadly impressed centrally, with*-
a narrow glabrous sulcus on the
exareate disc; its sides with a
large basal, and an elongate apical,

Fig 134- area ; pro- and meso-pleuwe close-

ly punctate, with the former
glabrous and nitidulous below;

metapleurae closely rugulose below, and more coarsely and
obliquely striate above, the carinae. Scutellum subdeplanate and
hardly higher than the mesonotum, irregularly rugose, less strongly

ERIOBORUS. 469

basally; distinctly carinate laterally. Abdomen black, with the
third to fifth, and sides of the second, segments rufescent ; petiole
glabrous and nitidulous. Leys black, with the tibiae mainly, and
their calcaria, testaceous. Wings hyaline, with the stigma and
nervures testaceous ; areolet shortly petiolate.

Length 12 millim.

SIKKIM : Darjiling.

Genus ERIOBORUS, Forst.
Erioborus, Fiirster, Verh. pr. Rkeinl. 1868, p. 153.

GENOTYPE, Canipoplex perfidus, Grav.

Head somewhat distinctly constricted behind the internally
entire and parallel eyes ; clypens with but small lateral foveae, and
apically rounded. Metathoracic areola usually pentagonal, with
strong costulae ; spiracles circular. Abdomen not apically clavate ;
terebra not extending beyond the anus. Hind metata'rsus half
the length of its tibia. Stigma distinct ; anal nervure not con-
tinuous ; areolet entirely wanting ; nervellus neither geniculate
nor intercepted.

Ranye. Palaearctic Region.

1 follow Schmiedeknecht in retaining Forster's typeless genus,
which is a convenient division of Anilasta, Thorns., for those
species lacking an areolet ; though it is certainly not geuerically
distinct.

362. Erioborus perfidus, Grav.

Campople.v perfidus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Europ. iii, 1829, p. 595 ( $ ).
Anilasta perfida, Thomson, Opusc. Eut. xi, p. 1175 (§ ).
Erioborus perfidus, Schmiedekiiecht, Opusc. Ichn. p. 1646 ( $ ).

$ . A black species with white pilosity and with the abdomen
and anterior legs apically red. Head posteriorly narrow, with the
palpi and centre of mandibles fiavescent. Antennce longer than
halt the body and somewhat slender. Thorax immaculate, with
the central metanotal areas distinct, though not very strong ;
areola subhexagoual, basally constricted and emitting costulae before
its centre ; spiracles circular. Abdomen strongly compressed, red,
with the tirst, basal two-thirds of the second segment, and the
very shortly reflexed terebra, black. Leys with the anterior
femora and tibiae mainly rufescent; hind legs black, with their
femora at the extreme apex, and tibiae broadly in the centre, dull
red. Wings hyaline, with the stigma piceous and the tegulae
testaceous ; basal nervure not continuous ; nervellus entire.

Length 7-8 millim.

SIKKIM : Darjiling (E. Brunetti). EUROPE.

Type in the Breslau Museum.

I feel no hesitation in referring a female from Darjiling to this

470 ICHNEUMOXIDJE.

species, of which however I have no other knowledge. It agrees
better with Gravenhorst's variety from Breslau than with the
typical Hannoverian female ; elsewhere it is only recorded by
Thomson from Sweden.

Genus DIOCTES, Fdrst.
Dioctes, Forster, Verk. pr. Rheinl. 18G8, p. 153.
GENOTYPE, D. trocJutnterata, sp. n.

Head posteriorly constricted ; mandibles stout and equidentate ;
cheeks obsolete ; clypeus apically rounded and basally not discrete
from the very slightly convex, parallel-sided and subtransverse
face ; eyes internally broadly emarginate ; ocelli remote and not
large. Antennae shorter than the body, with the scape entirely
pale. Metanotal arese strong and entire ; petiolar area distinctly
excavate ; spiracles circular. Scutellum not strongly deplauate or
broader than long, with no carinae, and the basal sulcus elongately
pilose. Abdomen compressed from base of third segment ; basal
segment not elongate, Avidened from the centre ; petiole glabrous
and linear, postpetiole somewhat strongly subfusiform, with sparse
pilosity and the spiracles at its centre ; anus not clavate ; terebra
half the length of the abdomen, with the spicula reflexed. Tro-
chanters entirely pale ; hind tibiae blackish at both extremities.
Wings with the stigma narrow ; areolet wanting ; radial cell not
broad and very obtusely angled centrally ; anal nervure emitted
from centre of first recurrent ; hind wings with the nervellus
straight, vertical and not intercepted, all apical nervures wanting.

Eange. Palaearctic Eegion.

This genus agrees with Hymenobosmitut, in the internally parallel
and emarginate eyes, and in lacking an areolet ; but it differs
materially in the circular metathoracic spiracles, short cheeks and
basal segment, and to a less extent in the equidentate mandibles,
shorter antennae, longer scutellum, stout postpetiole and sub-
convex face. It is very probable that a great number of species
falling here are to be met with in India, though too little collect-
ing has at present been effected to speak with any degree of
certainty.

The above generic characters are drawn from D. trocJtanttrata,
since Forster's description is most meagre.

Table of Species.

1 (4) Calcaria shorter than half the

metatarsus ; abdomen black.

2 (3) Scape beneath and the hind femora

fulvous apostata, Grav., p. 471.

3 (2) Scape pale throughout ; hind fe-

mora black trocltanterata, sp. n., p. 471.

DIOCTES. 471

4 (1) Calcaria longer than half the meta-

tarsus ; abdomen nearly entirely
red.

5 (10) Areola not transverse; scape and

trochanters pale.

6 (9) Smaller (4-7 millim.) ; terebra

shorter than half basal segment.

7 (8) Hind coxse black; areola elon-

gate : vulyaris, sp. n., p. 472.

8 (7) Hind coxae mainly pale; areola

subquadrate debihs, sp. n., p. 473.

9 (6) Larger (9 "millim.) ; terebra as

long as the basal segment aryenteopilosa, Cam., p. 473.

10 (5) Areola transverse ; scape and tro-
chanters black albicalcar, sp. n., p. 474.

363. Dioctes apostata, Grav.

Campoplex apostata, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Europ. iii, 1829, p. 510

Limneria apostata, Bridgman & Fitch, Entom. 1885, p. 105 ( $ ).
Anyitia apostata, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, p. 1161 (c? $).
Dioctes apostata, Schmiedeknecht, Opusc. Ichn. p. 1643 ( tf $ ).

c? $ . A black species, with the legs, excepting the black hind
coxae, trochanters and apices . of their tibiae, pale. Head but
slightly constricted posteriorly, black, with the palpi flavescent.
Thorax immaculate; mesopleur* distinctly punctate, with the
interstices alutaceous and the speculum dull ; metathorax finely
rugulose, with weak costulae. Abdomen entirely black and fully
double the length of the terebra. Legs fulvous, with the hind
ones partly black, and the anterior coxaa and trochanters flavous.
Wings hyaline, with the stigma narrow and testaceous, the tegulse
whitish ; basal nervure continuous.

Length 5-6 millim.

BENGAL: Pusa, iv. 05 (Pusa coll.); CEYLON: Diyatalavva,
4000 ft., ix. 07 (T. B. Fletcher). EUROPE.

Type in the Breslau Museum.

364. Dioctes trochanterata, sp. n.

3 5 . A dull black species with long white pubescence, the
mandibles, palpi, whole scape, radix, tegulae, anterior legs, hind
trochanters and calcaria, with the centre of their tibiae broadly
and their tarsi (except apices of the joints above), stramineous ;
flagellum ferruginous throughout. Head distinctly punctate and
posteriorly not very narrow. Thorax with the metathorax
scabrous and somewhat nitidulous, the basal area triangular ;
areola hexagonal, basally acuminate and longer than broad,
emitting the strong costu'Ue from before its centre. Wings with
the stigma and nervures piceous.

Length 7 millim.

CEYLON : Batticaloa, iv. 06 (E. E. Green).

Type in the author's collection.

472 ICHXEUMOXID.E.

This species appears to be closely allied to Limneria elisJice,
Bridg. (Trans. Eut. Soc. 1884, p. 426), but it is very much larger
and its metathoracic costulae are distinctly more prominent .

Green bred two males and three females of this distinct species
from the Cocoanut caterpillar, Nepliuntis seriopa ; there is a broken
specimen, which I fancy may also belong here, in the Pusa collec-
tion, bred on 26th October, 1904, from the Pyralid moth, Anteyastra
catalairnalis, at Surat in Bombay.

365. Dioctes vulgaris, sp. 11.

c? $ . A small black species, with somewhat dense silvery
pubescence, the legs mainly and most of the abdomen red ;
metanotal areola elongate. Head distinctly constricted behind
the glabrous and internally very broadly emarginate eyes ; clypeus
with no apical tooth or lateral foveae ; face of $ not apically
constricted ; frons deplanate and simple ; mandibles and palpi
entirely testaceous. Antenna; longer than half the body, filiform
and black, with the flagellar joints elongate ; scape clear
testaceous, with a single black external line. Thorax immaculate,
a little longer than high ; taetathorax short, with its petiolar
area strongly concave ; areola hexagonal and half as long again as
broad, emitting distinct costulae before its centre; basal area
minute and triangular ; lateral carinae strong, spiracles small and
oval. Scutellum black and not convex. Abdomen red, pubescent
and strongly compressed from base of the third segment ; basal
segment except at its extreme apex, the basal two-thirds of the
second except laterally, and in d often base of third segment,
black ; first segment elongate and linear to near its suborbicular
apex, second finely shagreened and slightly widened apically, with
its conspicuous thyridii red ; c? valvular stout and rufescent ;
terebra not longer than half the basal segment, though distinctly
exserted, black and subreflexed. Legs somewhat slender but not
elongate, clear red, with the anterior trochanters basally and the
hind ones paler ; hind coxae entirely and the extreme base of the
intermediate ones black; hind tarsi, apices of their tibiae, and
base of their femora externally, blackish ; hind metatarsus half
the length of its tibia. Wings hyaline, with the radix and tegulae
utramineous, stigma distinct and piceous ; areolet wanting ; basal
nervure slightly postfurcal ; radial cell not broad ; nervellus
entire and not geniculate.

Length 6-7 millim.

UNITED PBOVINCES : Mussoori, x. 06 (//. M. Lefroy} • BENGAL :
Chapra (Mackenzie, type), Pusa, i. 05, and Behar, x. 07 (G. R. Dutt
— Pusa coll.); CEYLON: Peradeniya, iii. 06 (E. E. Green).

Type in the Pusa collection.

This species appears very similar to Jlymenobosmina spinipes,
Cain., which I do not know, and Cameron makes no mention of
the metathoracic spiracles, though in his figure (Joe. cit.) the

DIOCTES. 473

antennae are much shorter and the abdomen apically broader than
in the present female. It is smaller, with the terebra shorter,
than D. aryenteopilosa.

D. vulyaris must be extremely abundant in Bengal, whence I
have seen more than a score of specimens. Dr. Thwaites found a
pair in Ceylon in 1873, and Green bred one at Peradeniya from
the case of an undetermined Psychid moth.

366. Dioctes debilis, sp. n.

$ . A small black species with somewhat dense silvery pubes-
cence, the legs almost entirely and most of the abdomen red :
metanotal areola not longer than broad.

Lenytli 4 millim.

CENTRAL PROVINCES : Nagpur ; BOMBAY : Surat.

Type in the Pusa collection.

Extremely like small specimens of D. vulyaris, but differing in
having the scape almost entirely stramineous, the flagellum very
distinctly red beneath, the areola not longer than broad and
emitting its costulaj from the exact centre, second segment
laterally and apically ochraceous, with the fourth, fifth, and sixth
discally blackish, all the coxae clear stramineous, with the basal
half of the hind ones blackish only below, base of the hind tibia3
but not of their femora blackish.

I have seen two females in the Pusa collection, which I am
satisfied are distinct from D. vulgaris, if only on the evidence of
their metanotal structure. The type was bred from the Ptero-
phorid moth, Exelastis atomosa, "Wlsm., at Snrat, and the second
specimen from another Pterophorid, Splienarches caffer, Zell. The
cocoon is white and hairy, 5 millim. in length, and the imago had
emerged from an irregularly circular hole, distinctly before its
apex.

367. Dioctes argenteopilosa, Cam..

Zaporus ? arqenteopiloms, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc. 1907, 'p. 590(2).

2 . A black species, with dense and somewhat long silvery
pubescence. Head closely and rather strongly punctate, with the
clypeus not discrete and apically rounded ; the large mandibles,
except apically, and the palpi rufescent ; labrum broad and
prominent. Antennas, : scape bright and conspicuous red, with a
black discal line. Thorax closely and somewhat strongly punctate;
metathorax dull and scabrously punctate, with the basal area
transverse and inconspicuous; areola subparallel-sided, longer than
broad and apically emarginate, with its basal angles rounded and
strong costulae emitted near base ; petiolar ai*ea subquadrate, with
complete carinse and subexcavate, with only its apex subdiscrete ;
spiracles small and exactly circular. Scutellum prominent and

474 ICIINETTMONIDJE.

convex ; postscutellura with dense silvery pubescence. Abdomen
broadest behind centre, distinctly punctate, apically smoother and
shining, with the second segment not aciculate ; postpetiole
distinctly dilated ; second and third segments basaliy constricted,
laterally and all the following entirely bright red; terebra slightly
longer than the basal segment or one-third the abdominal length,
with the spicula reflexed. Legs red, with the anterior paler ;
hind ones with coxae, base of femora and tibiae, apices of latter and
of tarsi, black ; claws spiuulose. Wings hyaline and not ample,
tegulae flavescent, stigma and nervures black ; areolet wanting •
submarginal emitted before, and only one-third shorter than, the
second recurrent ; basal nervure subcoiitinuous ; radial cell long
and subacuminate at both extremities ; all apical nervures in hind
wing entirely wanting ; nervellus straight and not intercepted.

Length 9 millim.

CENTRAL PBOVINCES : Nagpur (Pusa coll.) ; BOMBAY : Deesa,
vi. 98 (Col. Nurse, type).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Cameron's description of the legs and shape of the metathoracic
spiracles is very faulty. Unfortunately, he had formed a
misconception of the spiracular shape, and, as a matter of fact, so
far from being related to Zaporus, this species differs from his own
genus Bosmina only in having the metathoracic spiracles circular
and the apex of the scutellum not margined. Its facies is stouter,
the abdomen is broader apically and its petiole is not quite so
elongate.

I have drawn the above description from the type. In the
Pusa collection are eleven specimens, all females, from Nagpur,
one bred from the Noctuid moth, Ccmtdrina exiyua, Guen.,
and attached to its own unicolorous brown, hairy, cylindrical
cocoon, which is abruptly rounded and of equal breadth at both
extremities ; one ot the others was bred from a similar cocoon.

368. Dioctes albicalcar, sp. n.

J $ . A small black species with
somewhat dense silvery pubescence,
the legs and abdomen apically rufes-
cent, metanotal areola transverse and
the calcaria pale.

Lewjtli 6 millim.

BENGAL : Pusa, iv. 06 and iv. 07

h(Pusa coll.) ; ASSAM : Shillong, v. 03
/ 0 \ (Rowland Turner).

' * Type 2 in the British Museum.

Very closely allied to the last
F,'£- 1,35> „ species and only differing in its

immaculate black scape; the trans-
versely triangular areola, which
is confluent with the elongate petiolar area ; the non-aciculate

XHOPUOCAMPA. 475

second abdominal segment ; the abdomen red from the centre of
the second segment ; the terebra shorter than the basal segment
and strongly reflexed ; all the coxae and trochanters black ; all the
calcaria stout and very pale stramineous.

I have seen only a single female, and there are two males in the
Pusa collection.

Genus TROPHOCAMPA, ScJim.

Trophocampa, Schmiedeknecht, Hym. Mitteleurop. 1907, p. 598.
GENOTYPE, not cited.

Head transverse and posteriorly constricted, with the eyes
distinctly emarginate internally and the face hardly constricted
apically. Antennae about half the length of the body, Meta-
thorax longitudinally impressed centrally, often with some traces
of basal areae ; areola wanting ; spiracles circular or shortly oval.
Abdomen, at least apically, strongly compressed ; terebra distinctly
a little exserted. Areolet entire and subregular.

Range. Palaearctic Eegion.

This genus was recently erected for the reception of those
species of Campoplex with circular or subspherical metathoracic
spiracles and differs in no other feature, excepting the extension
of the epipleurae to the apex of the third segment.

369. Trophocainpa indubia, sp. u.

$ . A black species with Avhite pubescence, the abdomen mainly
red and the anterior legs stramineous. Head strongly constricted
posteriorly, with the palpi and mandibles flavescent. Antenna
longer than half the body and apically attenuate, with the two
basal flagellar joints subequal in length. Thorax longer than higbr
dull and alutaceously punctate ; metathorax obliquely declivous
and with white hairs throughout, centrally impressed, but with no
arese ; spiracles circular. Scutellum a little convex. Abdomen
discally linear, with the third and following segments strongly
compressed and red, apex of the second red ; basal segment much
longer than the hind coxae and trochanters, with the postpetiole
ovate and longer than broad ; second segment more than twice as
long as broad and obsoletely alutaceous, slightly widened apically
and narrowly red laterally from the thyridii ; third half as long
again as the breadth of its black base ; terebra as long as the
second segment. Legs black, with the anterior tibiae and front
femora stramineous ; hind tibiae centrally fulvescent and, at
extreme base, white before the subbasal dark fascia. Wings
hyaline, with the stigma black and the tegulae pale; radial cell
twice as long as broad and apically straight ; areolet elongately
petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure beyond its centre ;
nervellus neither geniculate nor intercepted.

Length 10 millim.

UNITED PROVINCES : Bhim Thai, Kumaou, 4500 ft., ix. 07.

Type in the Indian Museum.

476

Evidently closely allied to T. dubia, Tschek (Verb. z.-b. Ges.
1871, p. 57); but quite distinct in its entire nervellus, longer
terebra and mainlv red abdomen.

Genus CASINARIA, Holmg.

Casinaria, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, n. 8, p. 48 ; id. 6'fv.
1858, p. 325.

GENOTYPE, Campoplex viduus, Grav.

Head sbort, transverse and posteriorly constricted ; clypeus
not discrete, apically simple and broadly rounded laterally, though
not deeply foveate ; eyes glabrous and internally parallel, though
very distinctly emarginate next the scrobes ; mandibles small with
the teeth of equal length. Metanotum gradually declivous
throughout, with no areae and its centre longitudinally canalicu-
late ; metathoracic spiracles shortly oval. Abdomen apically
clavate, and not strongly compressed laterally throughout;
thyridii large; terebra not extending beyond the anus. Legs
slender, with the tarsal claws small. Stigma narrow, emitting the
radial nervure from its centre ; areolet regular and petiolate ;
second discoidal apically subacute.

370. Casinaria atrata, sp. n.

Limnerium atratum, Cameron MS.

cJ 2 • An. elongate, dull black species with the anterior legs
alone partly pale ; much resembles the Possor, Trypoxylon atten-
uatum, Smith. Head small, distinctly constricted posteriorly,
black, with the extreme apices of the stout mandibles alone

piceous ; palpi white. Antennae
immaculate and a little longer
than half the body. Thorax
slightly longer than high and
strongly pilose ; notauli wanting;
metanotum with traces of a
weak carina on either side of
the base only, its centre dis-
tinctly impressed longitudinally
and trans-aciculate ; spiracles
short oval, and contiguous with
the weak external lateral carinae.
Abdomen very elongate and
apically clavate, black, with the
thyridii and extreme apical
angles of the second segment
badious; venter centrally tes-
Fig. 136. taceous ; basal segment linear,

Casinaria, atrata, Mori. with fche pOstpetiole laterally

rounded and a little longer than

broad ; second segment twice as long as broad, and the third very
slightly longer than broad; terebra distinct, stout and hardly

CASINAKIA.— SI3TOPHOBUS. 477

extending beyond the anus. Legs dull black, with the anterior
tarsi, tibiae and apices of their femora white ; intermediate tibiae
darker ; hiud tibiae white only at their extreme base, their tarsi
black throughout. Wings ample and hyaline, with the stigma and
tegulae black, and radix testaceous ; areolet not small, distinctly
petiolate and emitting the recurrent nervure from slightly beyond
its centre ; second discoidal cell apically acute ; basal nervure
postfurcal ; nervellus entire and not intercepted.

Length 10 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, ix. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Evidently closely allied to C. albipalpis, Grav., but differing
slightly in its larger size, the position of the second recurrent
nervure, in the colouring of the legs, and in having the apical
radial abscissa very distinctly longer than, the basal.

Described from a single female; but I am inclined to regard
two males, in the Calcutta Museum, captured by Brunetti at
Darjiling, on 20th October, 1905, as representing the alternate
sex of this species. They differ only in having the mandibles
and the anterior trochanters entirely white, with the metanotum
longitudinally bicariuate ; the antenna? are nearly as long as the
body.

Genus SINOPHORUS, Sclim.

Sinophorus, Schmiedeknecht, Opusc. Ichn. 1908, p. 1049 ; (P) Forster,
Verb. pr. liberal. 1868, p. 153.

GENOTYPE, S. thuringiacus, Schm.

Head transverse and distinctly constricted posteriorly; eyes
glabrous, internally parallel and but slightly emarginate next the
scrobes ; clypeus apically rounded, with small lateral foveae.
Antennas slender, longer than half the body and apically at-
tenuate. Thorax but little longer than high ; metanotum centrally
impressed, with obsolete basal carinje only : spiracles small and
circular. Abdomen not strongly compressed apically ; postpetiole
distinct and a little longer than broad, double the breadth of the
petiole ; second segment slightly longer, and third not longer,
than broad ; terebra about half the length of the abdomen. Legs
not very slender, with the tibiae externally spinulose ; calcaria
elongate, reaching centre of metatarsus; claws distinctly
pectinate. Wings with the radius but slightly angled above the
areolet, with its apical abscissa distinctly the longer and apically
straight ; areolet petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure
beyond its centre ; basal nervure continuous, and the lower angle
of second discoidal cell acute ; anal nervure emitted but slightly
below centre of the brachial cell; nervellus obsoletely geniculate
below its centre, but not intercepted.

Range. Central and Southern Europe, Egypt, Himalayas.

478 ICHXEUMONID.E.

Forster's diagnosis of this genus is all too short, and may
nowadays advantageously be ignored in favour of that so well
drawn recently by Dr. *Schiniedeknecht, which differs from our
Indian representative only in its curved radius, which is said to
have the apical abscissa double the length of the basal, the areolet
large and the postpetiole quadrate.

371. Sinophorus collinus, sp. n.

Limner ium collinum, Cameron MS.

$ . A black species with white pubescence and only the palpi,
front legs (except basally), intermediate tibiae and tarsi, the hind

calcaria and centre of the ven-
ter, testaceous; hind tibiae obso-
letelv badious centrally; terebra
hardly half the length of the
abdomen.

Length 8| millim.

PUXJA.B : Simla, viiL 98 (Col.
Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's col-

' f T A ^ lection.

O I The generic characters will

I A m A easily distinguish this hill

species from its allies ; the
areolet is oblique, somewhat
137 elongately petiolate but not

Sinophorus collinus, Mori. large, the radius curved only

where it is emitted from the
•centre of the stigma, its outer abscissa is only about half as long
again as the inner, and the postpetiole is evenly rounded
throughout.

Described from a single specimen.

Genus OLESICAMPA, Thorns.

(?) Olesicampe, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 153.
Olesicampa, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, 1887, p. 1139.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon fulviventris, GmeL

Head subcubical and posteriorly broad, with the eyes internally
parallel and not emarginate ; cheeks buccate and somewhat long,
with their costae inflexed; mandibles flavous, elongate and stout,
their apices not angled and the lower tooth the longer ; clypeus
apically subtruucate, with small lateral foveae. Antennae with the
scape large and white beneath ; flagellum elongate and in $ usually
pale apically. Thorax cylindrical, with the pronotum sometimes

OLESICAMPA.

479

striolate ; metathoracic petiolar area short ; areola subpentagonal
and occasionally obsolete. Abdomen subcylindrical ; basal
segment laterally acute, with the petiolar glymmal sulci distinct ;
second segment longer than broad, with obsolete thyridii ; terebra
not extending beyond anus. Legs somewhat stout, with their
calcaria not extending beyond centre o£ metatarsus ; tarsal claws
basally pectinate. Wings with the areolet shortly petiolate and
not small, emitting the recurrent nervure beyond its centre ; radial
cell not broad ; second discoidal externally subacute ; basal nervure
-continuous ; nervellus vertical and not intercepted.

burster's typeless genus may be synonymous with that so well
set forth by Thomson ; but in any case his few words are quite
inadequate to justify the recognition of his name.

372. Olesicampa flavicornis, Thorns.

Olesicampa Jlamcornis, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, p. 1143 (d 2).
Limnerium clypealis, Cameron MS.

c? 2 • A black species with silvery pubescence, and the legs and
abdomen mainly red. Head not quite parallel behind the internally

parallel but not emarginate
eyes; apex of clypeus broadly
pale. Antennce black and flaves-
cent beneath. Thorax with a
white callosity before the tegulae ;
pronotum not striolate ; meta-
notal areae very distinct ; areola
hexagonal and twice as long as
broad, discrete from the petiolar
area and emitting costulae far

\ 1 before its centre ; basal area

I /" |f \ elongate ; spiracles small, cir-

cular and subcontiguous to the
upper lateral carinae. Abdo-
-pj -jgg men red, with the base alone

Olesicampa fiavicornis, Thorns. black in both sexes ; glymmal
sulci distinct and rising from

the base of the petiole ; ventral plica fulvous throughout ;
terebra normal. Leys fulvous, with the hind coxae and femora
entirely black, their tibiae and the tarsal joints apically blackish ;
all the trochanters bright stramineous. Wings with the tegulae
white and the stigma pale.
Length 6-7 millim.

PUNJAB: Simla, ix. 98 (Col. Nurse); SIKKIM: Darjiling,
6000 ft., x. 08 (E. Bnmetti—lnd. Mus.).

480 ICHNEUMONID£.

Genus LIMNERIUM, Aslimead.

Limneria, Holmgren (nee Adams), Ofv. Sv. Ak. Forh. 1858, p. 3^6 ;

Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, 1887, p. 1103.
Limnerium, Ashmead, Canad. Entom. xxxii, 1900, p. 368.
Eulimneria, Schmiedeknecht, Opusc. Ichn. 1909, p. 184.

GENOTYPE, Ichneumon albithis, Gmel.

Head not abruptly constricted posteriorly ; clypeus with
small lateral foveae ; mandibles short and stout, but little narrowed
apically. Antenna stout and apically subattenuate. Thorax not
pale-marked ; metanotum distinctly excavate longitudinally
throughout, with the areae indistinct and the basal costa alone
determinate ; basal area short and often transverse ; spiracles not
elongate. Abdomen somewhat broad and but little compressed
apically ; petiole not narrow, with the lateral foveae obsolete ;
postpetiole distinct and but slightly rounded laterally ; terebra
stout. Legs not slender, with the tarsal claws only basally sub-
pectinate, and the hind tibiaa often dark-banded before their base.
Wings hyaline ; areolet somewhat large and regularly triangular,
often elongately petiolate and emitting the recurrent nervure
near its centre ; basal nervure suboblique, second discoidal cell not
apically acute ; nervellus neither oblique nor intercepted.

Ranye. Holarctic Eegion, India, Ceylon.

This is the typical genus of the small CAMPOPLEGIDES with circu-
lar spiracles, and it has gone through various degrees of contraction.
Holmgren's original broad and well-marked diagnosis was sub-
divided by Fb'rster, in 1868, into numerous small genera, of which
the typical one — the fifty-eighth — was allowed to retain but the
single character : "The poetpetiole with distinct lateral margins."
Many of these genera have since been elaborated in a scholarly
manner by Professor Thomson, and a few more employed by
Dr. Schmiedeknecht, who considers it necessary to change the
name of the genus from Ashmead's amended form, because that
might be taken to indicate the old Limneria in its broad sense and
not the restricted Limneria of Thomson, to which it was most
obviously applied by its author. The genus Ichneumon might fall
on the same grounds !

I here use the genus in as restricted a sense as possible in the
circumstances ; that is to say, whenever I have had an opportunity
of examining Cameron's types I have relegated them to this or
other genera (more often the latter), but in several cases I have
had to fall back upon the almost invariably inadequate descrip-
tions, with the result that species of the genus as here set forth
cannot be considered entirely homogeneous, for some have pale
markings on the abdomen, the terebra hardly exserted, the scape
pale beneath, etc. Possibly some of those at present included
here should be relegated to Omorc/us, which also has the meta-
notum longitudinally excavate; if so, I have been unable to
separate them. However this may be, I trust the following table

LIMXERIUM. 481

will prove to some extent reliable iu the elucidation of these small
and inconspicuous insects, though specimens should by no means
be forced to represent descriptions with which they do not entirely
agree, for we as yet know but a small percentage of the indi-
genous kinds.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Abdomen red ; 1st segment, base of

2nd and centre of 3rd, black bjtuldha, Cam., p. 482.

"2 (1) Abdomen not so coloured.

.'> (22) Metanotum not strongly impressed;
areola laterally entire.

4 (17) Areola not longer than broad, con-
fluent with petiolar area. »

•o (6) Hind tibiae centrally, and tarsi basally [p. 482.

pure white fuscicwpus, Thorns.,

«J (5) Hind legs with no pure white mark-
ings.

7 (10) Areolet distinctly and elongately

petiolate.

8 (9) Metanotum short, convex and cen- [p. 483.

trally rugulose forticaiinatum, Cam.,

'!) (8) Metanotum elongate, deplanate and [p. 483.

centrally glabrous quettaense, Cam.,

10 (7) Areolet sessile or indistinctly petiolate.

11 (14) Scape immaculate; terebra longer

than basal segment. [p. 485.

a 2 (13) Abdomen black ; antennae filiform .. crassifemur, Thorns.,

].'•> (12) Abdomen broadly red; antennae

slightly thickened apically volens, Cam., p. 485.

J4 (11) Scape pale beneath; terebra hardly
exserted.

L5 (16) Anterior coxae entirely pale ; abdomen [p. 486.

black renovatum, nom. n.,

1(> ( 15) Anterior coxse basally black ; abdo-
men mainly ferruginous indicum, Cam., p. 487.

17 (4) Areola longer than broad, apically

discrete ; scape entirely black.

18 (21) Areolet triangular, emitting recurrent

nervure beyond its centre.

19 (20) Speculum finely punctate; abdomen [p. 488.

entirely black himalayense, Cam.,

20 (19) Speculum glabrous ; abdomen in part

red affrctense, Cam., p. 488.

21 (18) Areolet quadrate, emitting recurrent [p. 489.

from its centre taprobanicum, Cam.,

22 (3) Metanotum strongly impressed ; areola

obsolete. [P- 490.

23 (24) Abdomen black; scape pale beneath. . parmcannatum, Cam.,

24 (23) Abdomen broadly red ; scape entirely

black.
2o (26) Thorax sparsely pubescent; stigma

testaceous ; length 5 millim morosum, Cam., p. 491.

.26 (25) Thorax densely pubescent; stigma [p. 491.

black ; length" 7 millim ceylomcum, Cam.,

482 ICHNEUMONID.K.

373. Limnerium buddha, Cam.

Limneria buddha, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 124 ($ ).

$ . Head black, with the mandibles (except apically) and palpi'
flavous ; face and clypeus uniformly and somewhat strongly
punctate and pubescent ; frons and vertex less strongly punctate,
more sparsely and shortly pubescent. Antenna black, with the
scape flavous, blackish above and with long pale pubescence
beneath ; flagellum with dense short black pubescence. Thora.v
closely punctate, black, with silvery pilosity ; rnesouotum with
sparse dark pubescence ; metathorax trans-aciculate apically in the
centre, the central keel longish ; the kteral roundly curved ; pro-
pleurae closely punctured, running into longitudinal striations ;
the mesopleurae closely punctured ; the oblique depression, in
the middle behind, finely striated ; the metapleune similarly
punctured ; the curved keel in the centre stout, attenuated at the
apex. Scutellum less strongly punctate than the mesonotum, its-
basal fovea with white pubescence ; postscutellum deeply foveolate,
and externally nitidulous, laterally. Abdomen red, with the first
segment, basal three-fourths of second, and centre of third basally,
black; venter centrally flavous ; terebra 2 millim. in length, with
the valvulae black. Legs : anterior pairs fulvous, with the coxa}
and trochanters flavous ; hind legs subrufescent, with the coxse,
tarsi, and base and apex of their tibiae blackish ; calcaria flavous.
Wings hyaline, with the stigma dark.

Length 7 millim.

ASSAM: Khasi Hills (Rotlmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum ; badly broken.

374. Limnerium fuscicarpus, Thorns.

Limneria fuscicarpus, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, 1887, p. 1104

Eulimneria fttscicarjnts. Schmiedeknecht, Opusc. Ichu. 1908,

p. 1654(/£).
Limnerium annulipes, Cameron MS. ( § ) (nee Cress. 1864).

<$ $ . An elongate, black species, with the legs, except basally,
red ; femora normal, the hind ones immaculate ; the hind tibia)
pure white with their base and apex broadly black ; hind tarsi and
their calcaria black, with the base of both broadly white ; longi-
tudinal metanotal impression dull and granulose.

Length 6-7 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Nurse).

The pure white markings of the hind legs, all the trochanters
and mandibles, and the black base of the hind tibiae, render this-
species distinct.

I have seen onlv one female in Col. Nurse's collection.

LIHXEKIUH. 483

375. Limnermm forticarinatum, Cam.

Limneiium forticarinatum, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist
Soc. 1906, p. 280 (rf).

c? . A black species, with the legs fulvous. Head : clypeus with
dense short grey pubescence, somewhat elongate and not very
broad, apically broadly rounded and basally indistinctly discrete ;
cheeks as long as the basal breadth of the pale flavous and apically
ferruginous mandibles ; palpi pale testaceous ; face hardly promi-
nent, dull and obsoletely punctate, with short and dense grey
pubescence ; f rons and vertex very closely and finely punctate.
Antennce black and extending to apex of thorax, with the scape
sometimes ferruginous beneath. TJiorax dull and immaculate,
closely punctate and shortly pubescent, with the notauli obsolete ;
metanotum basally closely punctate ; basal lateral areas indefinite ;
basal area entirely wanting, cariniform ; areola short cordiforrn
and subcoalescent with the excavate, closely trans-striate and
entire petiolar area ; spiracles quite circular. Scutellum black.
Abdomen immaculate and subnitidulous, becoming pilose apically;
basal segment uitidulous, smooth, with very obsolete punctation,
postpetiole distinct ; valvulse large and exserted. Leys fulvous,
with the anterior pairs a little paler ; all the coxse (except some-
times apices of anterior) and the basal joint of the hind trochanters
black ; hind tarsi dark with only the base paler. Wings hyaline,
with the radix and tegulse stramineous, stigma and nervures dark ;
areolet distinctly petiolate nnd somewhat small, subquadrate,
emitting the straight recurrent nervure from distinctly a little
beyond its centre ; basal nervure continuous.

Length 6-7 millim.

BALUCHISTAN : Quetta, viii. 03 and iii. 04 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Besides the shape of the metanotal spiracles, this species is said
to differ from L. quettaense in the petiole of the areolet being
thickened and fully as long as the internfil submarginal nervure,
the anterior coxae at least basally black, and the metanotal peiiolar
area more closely and regularly trans-striate. From L. parvi-
carinatum it differs in having the metanotum distinctly areated
and the basal nervure continuous.

I have seen only two males.

376. Limnermm quettaense, Cam.

(?) Campople.r xanthostoma, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Europ. iii, p. 460
( rf^ ; cf. Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, 1887, p. 1]07 ( ^ $ ).

Limnei-iu'm quettaense, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1906, p. 280 (rf £).

cJ . A black species, with the legs fulvous. Head with the
clypeus broad, apically broadly rounded and basally indistinctly

484 ICHNEUMONIDJE.

<liscrete, with dense long grey pubescence ; palpi testaceous red;
mandibles pale flavous, with their apices brilliant sanguineous ;
face a little prominent, dull and
obsoletely punctate, with long dense
grey pubescence ; frons and vertex
closely and very finely punctate.
Antennce black ; in <3 extending to
apex of basal segment. Thorax
immaculate, dull, closely punctate
and shortly pilose, with the notauli
obsolete ; metanotum basal ly closely
punctate ; basal lateral areae in-
definite ; basal area small and sub-
quadrate, with stout and nitidulous
carinae ; areola coalescent with the
petiolar area, unusually excavate,
Fig J3Q strongly but not closely trans-striate,

Limnerium quettcense, Cam. with the lateral area more strongly
and irregularly striate ; spiracles

oval and distinctly broader than long. Scutellum black. Abdomen
glabrous, nitidulous and immaculate; basal segment nitidulous,
smooth, with very obsolete punctation, postpetiole distinct ; J
valvulae large and exserted. Legs bright fulvous, the anterior pairs
not paler ; hind coxae and basal joint of their trochanters black ;
posterior tarsi, except basally, dark, with the base of all the joints
a little paler. Wings hyaline, with the teguloa pure white,
nervures blackish and the stigma ferruginous ; areolet distinctly
petiolate and somewhat large, triangular, widened apically and
emitting the incurved recurrent nervure from its centre; basal
riervure continuous.
Length 7-8 millim.

$ . Differs in its black mandibles, with much shorter teeth,
convex scutellum and duller metanotum, with less distinct carinae.
BALUCHISTAN: Quetta, v. and vi. 02 (Col. Nurse, types);
PUNJAB : Kangra Valley, 4500 ft., iv. 99 (G. C. Dudgeon}, Simla,
7000 ft., iv. 07, and Kasauli, 6300 ft., v. 08 (N. Annandale) ;
SIKKIM: Darjiling, 6000 ft., ix. 08 (E. Brunetti — Ind. Mus.).

Type d in Col. Nurse's collection; type $ in the British
Museum.

This species is said to differ from L. forticarinatum in having
the petiole of the areolet only half the length of its internal
nervure, the anterior coxae and trochanters not black-marked and
the metanotal petiolar area less closely and regularly striate ; from
L. parvicarinatum the rf differs in having the metanotum more or
less distinctly areated and the basal nervure continuous. I am by
no means convinced, however, that Cameron's sexes are conspecific,
though superficially similar and belonging to the genus Limneria,
sensu Thorns. ; it is closely allied to, and very possibly synonymous
with, Campoplex xanthostoma, Grav., which I do not know in
nature.

LIM^EBIUM. 485

377. Limnerium crassifemur, Thorns.

Limneria crassifemur, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, 1887, p. 1106

(<?$)•
Eulimneria crassifemur, Schmiedeknecht. Ichn. Opusc. 1908,

p. 1657(^2).
Limnerium longiventre, Cameron MS.

t? $ . An elongate, black species, with the legs, except basally,
red ; femora distinctly stout and the hind ones apically black ;
hind tibiae testaceous, with their apices and a band before the base
black ; hind tarsi dark ; longitudinal metanotal impression niti-
dulous ; petiole with its lateral foveae deep.

Length 6-9 millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, ix. 98 (Col. Nurse) ; CEYLON : Matale, vii. and
viii. 01 (E. E. Green). EUROPE.

This species belongs to a very closely allied group, but its author
says that it may be recognised by the shining and subglabrous
metanotal areola, the distinctly close punctation of the mesopleurse,
the strongly buccate cheeks, longer and stouter mandibles, apically
subrotund clypeus and the distinctly dilated c? vertex.

This insect is known to occur in Sweden and Germany, but its
distribution is doubtless very much wider and the present will
probably prove to be only the first of many distant records.
Mr. Green has bred three analogous females from larvse of an
unknown species of Psyche at Matale.

378. Limnerium volens, Cam.

Limneria volens, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 126 ($).

$ . A black species, with the legs and abdomen, except basally,
red. Head with the face and clypeus coarsely shagreened, with
short white pubescence ; frons and vertex dull ; palpi and man-
dibles stramineous, with apices of the latter black. Antenna?
black, with pale pubescence, and slightly thickened towards their
apices. Thorax dull and immaculate; metanotum coarsely
shagreened, basally elevated and distinctly discrete from the post-
scutellum, the curved carina widely separated from the base, and,
behind it, an interrupted, longitudinal one ; the carina bordering
the apex indistinct at the top ; pleura with white pubescence ;
propleura? coarsely shagreened and not excavate, broadly elevated
basally and strongly trans-striate centrally below ; mesopleurse,
except centrally, strongly aciculate, with the base curved and
distinctly margined below ; mesosternum obliquely silicate before
the intermediate coxse ; metapleurse coarsely aciculate and basally
shortly impressed below the spiracles. Postscutellum circularly
foveolate and longitudinally striate on either side. Abdomen red,
with the first segment and the disc of the second, except apically,
black ; venter flavous ; terebral valvulse black. Leys fulvous ;

486

anterior coxae and trochanters flavous ; hind coxae and base ot

their trochanters above black, with their tarsi infuscate. Wings

clear hyaline ; stigma testaceous or fuscous, and the uervures

Fig. 140. — Limnerium volcns, Cam.

paler ; areolet small and shortly petiolate, emitting the recurrent
nervure from its apical third ; lower half of second transverse
cubital nervure broadly fenestrate.

Length 7 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This species is said by Cameron to be closely related to L. indica,
which differs from it in being larger, in having the anterior coxae
black, with only their apices pale, the second segment immaculate,
no apical carina on the metanotuni and the areolet more elongately
petiolate.

379. Limnerium renovatum, nom. nov.

Limnerium erythropus, Cameron* (nee Ashm.), Entom. 1906, p. 249
($)•

$ . A black species, with the legs mainly red. Head with the
mandibles and palpi flavous. Metathorax more strongly and
rugosely punctate than the remainder ; metanotuni with the areae
obsolete, the petiolar area longer than broad with parallel sides
and not very distinct, lateral areae large and semicircular, spiracular
areae substriate ; propleurae strongly striate apically on their lower
two-thirds. Abdomen immaculate, with the terebra ^ millim. in
length. Legs red, with the hind coxae black and the anterior

LIMNERIUH. 487

trochanters flavous ; hind tarsi dark. Wings hyaline, with the
tegulae flavous, the stigma and nervures black ; areolet quadran-
gular, with the sides coalescent above, emitting the recurrent
nervure shortly beyond its centre.

Length 5 milliin.

PUXJAB : Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

•380. Limnerium indicum, Cam.

Limneria indica, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1899, p. 125 ($ ).

$ . A black species, with the abdomen and legs, except basally,
red. Head with the face closely, but not strongly, punctate and
with dense silvery pubescence ; mandibles and palpi flavous, the
former apically blackish ; lower side of vertex faintly trans-
aciculate close to the eyes. Antennas black, with dense white
pubescence, and the scape flaviclous apically beneath. Thorax
immaculate and with sparse white pubescence ; metathorax

Fig. 141. — Limnerium indicum, Cam.

densely pubescent, closely punctate, with the base smoother, and
keeled down the middle, and, from the apex of this central
keel, run two curved keels, which do not curve backwards to the
base of the segment ; below the spiracle is a curved keel, straight
and oblique at the base, curved towards the apex of the segment ;
base of propleurae, and their apex above, closely stnate ; meso-
ipleuwe closely punctate and shallowly impressed centrally above.
Abdomen ferruginous, with the basal segment, except at its apex,
black • venter flavidous ; terebral valvulse black. Legs fulvous ;

488 ICHNEUMONID.E.

all the COXQD black, with their apices, like the anterior trochanters,
stramineous; hind legs red, with their tibia) sparsely spiuose and
the tarsi dark. Wings hyaline or infuscate-hyaline ; nervures
dark and the stigma slightly darker ; areolet ohlique, small and
shortly petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure shortly beyond
its centre.

Length 7 millim.

ASSAM : Khasi Hills (Rotlmey).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

381. Limnerium himalayense, Cam.

Limnerium himalayense, Cameron, Entom. 1900, p. 2

c? $ . A dull, granulate, black species, with sparse white
pubescence and red legs. Head with the palpi and mandibles
(except their teeth) flavous. Antennte densely and very shortly
pubescent. MetatTiorax with longer and closer white pubescence,
its notum more strongly sculptured and exareolate, with but indi-
cations of basal carina3 ; petiolar region obscurely trans-striate :
mesopleurae obscurely puuctate-sulcate obliquely below their
centre. Abdomen immaculate, with the terebra about i millim. in
length. Legs red, with the anterior trochanters flavous ; anterior
coxse (except their flavous apices) and the $ posterior trochanters
black ; hind tarsi and apices of their tibia? in $ blackish ; tibia?
distinctly spinulose and basally constricted, with white calcaria.
Wings hyaline, with the tegul* flavous, the stigma infuscate and
nervures darker ; areolet oblique and distinctly petiolate, emitting
the recurrent nervure from shortly beyond its centre ; space
between this recurrent and the second transverse cubital nervure
as long as the pedicle.

Length 5-6^ millim.

PUNJAB : Simla, viii. 98 (Col. Nurse) • UNITED PROVINCES :
Dehra Dun, iv. 10 (Dr. A. D. Imms).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

382. Limnerium agraense, Cam.

Limneria ayraensis, Cameron,* Mnnch. Mem. 1897, p. 29 ( $?).

$ . Head alutaceous and, except on the vertex, with dense
white pubescence; mandibles testaceous, with pale pilosity and
the teeth black ^ palpi flavous. Antennas, black. Thorax black,
closely punctate, with dense white pilosity ; rnesopleura? trans-
striate centrally, with the speculum smooth ; areola longer than
broad and not small, the apex of the apical area entering into it as
an acute angle ; there is a short, stout, oblique carina outside the
spiracles, beyond which it curves round to the apex of the segment,
but is much thinner than the basal branch. Abdomen black, with

LIMNEEIUM.

the second and third segments pale testaceous beneath, and
apically dull red above ; postpetiole with an elongate basal area ;.
terebra 3 millim. in length. Legs rufescent, with the base of the

.Fig. 142. — Limnerium agracnsc, Cam,

front ones flavous ; the pubescent hind tarsi and apices of their
tibiae black ; calcaria stramineous. Wings clear hyaline ; stigma
and nervures dark testaceous ; tegulae flavous.

Length 7-8 millim.

UNITED PROVINCES ; Agra (Botlmeij}.

Type in the Oxford Museum.

383. Limnerium taprobanicum, Cam.

Limnerium taprobanicum, Cameron, Spolia Zeylanica, 1905»

$ . A dull, black species with the legs mainly red. Bead dull,
finely and closely punctate, and with white pubescence ; mandibles
and palpi pale testaceous. Antennae immaculate. Thorax dullr
finely and closely punctate, with white pubescence ; in the centre
of the base of the metanotum is a clearly defined area about three
times as long as wide and of equal width throughout ; " from
the apex of this run two keels ; they are at the base roundly
curved outwardly, then run obliquely to the outer side of the
apical slope, uniting with the pleural keel above the middle of
the coxa3 " ; propleura closely, obliquely and somewhat strongly
striate. Abdomen entirely black. Legs : anterior pair dark
rufescent, with the coxa3 basally black and the trochanters pale

400

flavous ; hind legs ferruginous with their tarsi, coxae, base of
trochanters and apices of tibiae, black. Wings hyaline, with the
nervures blackish and the stigma paler below; areolet shortly
petiolate, quadrate and as broad as long, emitting the recurrent
nervure from its centre.

Length 6 millim.

CEYLON : Maskeliya (E. E. Green}.

384. Limnerium parvicarinatum, Gam.

Limner ium parvicarinatum, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist.
Soc. 1906, p. 281 (<jf).

J . A black species, with the legs mainly rufescent. Head :
•clypeus with dense short grey pubescence, somewhat short and
broad, apically broadly rounded and basally indistinctly discrete ;
palpi white ; mandibles missing ; face hardly prominent, dull and
obsoletely punctate, with short dense pubescence ; frons and
vertex very closely and finely punctate. Antennas black and ex-
tending to the basal segment, with the scape fulvidous beneath.
Thorax very dull and immaculate, closely punctate and with short
brown pubescence, the notauli wanting ; metanotum basally
closely punctate ; basal lateral areae and basal area wanting ;
areola entirely coalescent with the subexcavate, scabriculous and
hardly trans-striate petiolar area, which is without lateral carinse ;
spiracles quite circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen immaculate
and subnitidulous, broadest behind its centre and becoming pilose
apically ; basal segment nitidulous, smooth and very obsoletely
punctate, postpetiole not abruptly widened ; val\rulee exserted
and somewhat large. Leys fulvous, with the anterior pairs paler,
and the anterior tibiae and tarsi white ; all coxae (except apices of
front ones) and basal joint of hind trochanters black ; hind tarsi
dark, with only the base of all their joints paler, their fulvous
tibiae distinctly paler at apex and indistinctly before their base.
Wings hyaline, with the tegulae and radix dull stramineous, the
stigma and nervures dark ; areolet distinctly petiolate and some-
what small, triangular, emitting the straight recurrent nervure
from slightly beyond its centre ; basal nervure not continuous.

Length 7 millim.

BALUCHISTAN : Quetta, vi. 02 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species differs from both L. quettaense and L. forticarinatum
in having the basal nervure not continuous through the median
and the metanotum with only the base and sides of the areola at
all distinctly carinate. The type has entirely lost its mandibles ;
I consider it is extremely improbable that they should be black, as
described by Cameron.

A single male was captured at Quetta, in Baluchistan, during
June 1902.

LIMXERITJM. 491

385. Limnerium morosum, Cam.

Limneria morosa, Cameron, Manch. Mem. 1897, p. 30 ( $ ).

2 . A black species, with the legs and apices of the abdominal
segments pale red. Head closely punctate, black, with the palpi
and mandibles white; face with dense white pubescence. An-
tenncK black throughout, with dense and very short pale pubescence.
Thorax immaculate, shagreened, dull, with sparse short pale
pubescence ; metanotum with three distinct basal area;, remainder
obsolete, and its apex finely trans-aciculate. Abdomen black, with
all the segments broadly rufo-testaceous laterally and apically ;
the first segment immaculate and shagreened, with its "base"
flat, nitidulous and very smooth ; venter flavidous-testaceous.
Legs pale testaceous, with all the femora rufescent ; cox® black,
with the anterior pairs apically testaceous ; hind tarsi and apices
of their tibiae dark. Wings hyaline ; tegulae white, stigma testa-
ceous below, areolet distinctly petiolate.

Length 5 millim.

CEYLON : Trmcomali (Col. Yerbury).

386. Limnerium ceylonicum, Cam.

Limneria ccylonica, Cameron,* Manch. Mem. 1897, p.

cT . A black species, with the abdomen broadly, and legs partly,
red. Head very closely and somewhat strongly punctate through-
out ; face not sparsely white-pubescent ; mandibles, except
basally, ferruginous and the palpi testaceous, becoming apically
paler. Antennae entirely black, with very short pubescence.
Thorax alutaceous and immaculate, with dense white pilosity
throughout; metanotum gradually and subconvexly sloping; pro-
pleurae nitidulous and obliquely strigose, more strongly basally ;
mesopleurae punctate and above centrally trans-aciculate ; ineta-
pleurae alutaceous. Abdomen red, with the first segment entirely
black, and the second also black, except the apex above and a mark
on the side which are rufous. Legs : front pair fulvous, with the
apices of their black coxae white ; the intermediate femora apically,
and their tibioo basally, rufescent ; calcaria pale. Wings clear
hyaline, subinfumate apically ; stigma black ; areolet shortly
petiolate, with its lateral nervures slightly curved and its lower
margin sharply angled centrally.

Length 7-8 millim.

CEYLON (Rothney).

Type in the Oxford Museum.

This male would be, perhaps, more correctly placed in the
genus Campoplex, where the entirely black hind legs ally it to
C. lapponicus.

492

Genus IDECHTHIS, Forst.
Idechthis, Forster, Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. Io4.
GENOTYPE, not cited.

Head transverse and not broad ; clypeus apically very broadly
rounded and not produced; eyes internally parallel and not
emarginate ; metanotum striate and not rugose, with the petiolar
area not excavate ; spiracles small and circular : abdomen with
the spiracles of second segment very distinctly beyond its centre;
terebra not extending beyond anus ; hind calcaria shorter than
second joint of their tarsi ; areolet entire and pentagonal, with
the radius angled above it ; anal nervure emitted exactly from
centre of first recurrent ; nervellus straight and not intercepted ;
basal abscissa of radius in hind wings shorter than their recurrent
nervure.

Range. Palsearctic Region.

It is very improbable that the genus LatJirostizus, Forst., is
distinct from the present one ; my diagnosis above includes the
characters of both, since they are combined in the species herein
comprised. Cameron incorrectly placed his species in Tranosemu,
Forst. (Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 157), with considerable doubt ;
but it differs from it in having the second segmental spiracles
distinctly behind the centre.

387. Idechthis striata, Cam.

Tranosetna? striata, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.

1906, p. 276 (2).
Tranosema? spilostoma, Cameron,* op. cit. p. 277 ($)•

$ . A black and nitidulous species, with the legs pale. Head
not cubical ; clypeus smooth and nitidulous, basally not discrete,

Fig. 143— Idechthis striata, Cam.

apically red and broadly rounded, laterally foveate and sub-
reflexed ; face strongly nitidulous and obsoletely trans-aciculate ;

IDECHTHIS. AXILASTA. 493

•eyes coarsely facetted and internally quite parallel ; cheeks short
and hardly longer thau the antenual pedicle ; frons and vertex
aciculate ; ocelli prominent and remote, much further from one
another than from the eyes ; mandibles, usually excepting apices,
tlavous ; palpi pale testaceous and basally black. Antennae filiform,
slender and immaculate, shorter than the body. Metanotum
irregularly and somewhat strongly striate and subpunctate ;
areola distinct, more than twice as long as broad and obliquely
constricted basally ; petiolar area not excavate, twice as long as
broad, carinate throughout, nitidulous and apically constricted;
spiracles small and circular ; upper two-thirds of propleurse and
basal half of mesopleurae, except below the centre, closely acicu-
late. Scutellum convex and black. Abdomen smooth and hardly
compressed, centrally but little broader than the thorax, pilose,
with apices of all the segments somewhat indeterminately fulvous;
basal segment elongate and longer than second, with postpetiole
distinct and dilated, centrally closely aciculate, its spiracles close
to centre ; spiracles of second segment very distinctly beyond the
centre ; hypopygium obtusely exserted ; terebra not extending
beyond the anus, with the valvulae broad and stout. Legs slender
and fulvous, with the coxae and base of trochanters black ; hind
trochanters apically red or stramineous ; apices of femora, and
anterior tibiae, flavidous ; hind calcaria shorter than their second
tarsal joint. Wings very ample and remarkably clear hyaline,
with the costa and the somewhat large stigma pale testaceous, and
the nervures black ; tegulse stramineous, pterostigma iucrassate
and rounded behind ; areolet entire, triangular, narrowed and
more or less coalesced above, emitting the recurrent uervure from
its centre ; basal nervure continuous ; radial cell somewhat short
and broad, angled above the areolet ; apical nervures of the hind
wings pellucid.

Length 6 millim.

BALUCHISTAN : Peshin, iv. 03 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurses' collection.

The small distinctions upon which Cameron differentiated his
second species are not at all obvious, the clypeus is distinctly red
apically in both, and an examination of both the types has con-
vinced me that they are specifically identical.

Genus ANILASTA, Thomson.

(?) Amlastus, FSrster, Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 157.
Anilasta, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, 1887, p. 1168.

GENOTYPE, Campoplex ebeninus, Grav.

Head anteriorly triangular ; cheeks somewhat elongate, not
buccate, with the genal costa inflexed ; clypeus convex and
apically rounded, with small lateral foveae ; mandibles narrowed
.apically, with the teeth subequal ; eyes slightly emarginate next
the scrobes. Antennal flagellum usually stout and elongate,

494 ICHNEUMOJflD^E.

apically attenuate. Thorax not cylindrical, higher than long,.
with the mesosteriium nearly always transverse and the meta-
notal carina} distinct ; areola usually transverse and angled.
First abdominal segment with the glymmal sulci distinct, and the
subquadrate postpetiole obviously broader ; second segment not
or hardly longer than the third, and not transverse ; seventh
rarely incised in $ and the terebra either hardly exserted or a
little longer than the basal segment, with dilated valvulae. Legs
not Btout, with the tarsal claws pectinate. Wings with the
stigma not broad ; areolet nearly always irregular, small and
petiolate ; radial cell sublanceolate and the second discoidal
apically acute ; anal nervure emitted from the centre of the
brachial cell ; nervellus neither oblique nor geniculate.
Range. Pala?arctic Eegion, Himalayas, Ceylon.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Abdomen entirely black ; basal meta-

notal area not petiolate ebenina, Grav., p. 494.

2 (1) Abdomen broadly red ; basal meta-

notal area petiolate.

3 (4) Costulse wanting; hind tibire not

basally black simlacnsis, Cam., p. 495.

4 (3) Costulse entire; hind tibia? basally

black varicoxa, Thorns., p. 496.

388. Anilasta ebenina, Grav.

Campoplex ebeninus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Europ. iii, 1829, p. 48O

(rf ?)(>"*»»)•

Limneria melanaria, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1854, p. 37.
Campoplex melanarius, Holmgren, op. cit. 1858, p. 37 ; Fb'rster,.

Vorh. z.-b. Ges. 1868, p. 872 (3 $ ).
Anilasta. ebenina, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, 1887, p. 1170 (J $).

J $ . A pilose, black species, with the legs, except basally,
alone red. Head with the vertex broad, and but slightly con-
stricted behind the internally subemarginate eyes ; clypeus apically
rounded and simple ; palpi and mandibles pale, with the teeth
subequal. Antennce not very slender. Thorax immaculate, with
the areola hexagonal, not longer than broad and emitting distinct
costulaj a little beyond its centre ; basal area not small ; spiracles
circular. Abdomen entirely black, with the postpetiole somewhat
widened and the apices of the segments nitidulous ; terebrit
distinctly exserted. Legs clear red, with the anterior coxa3 and
trochanters sometimes paler, and the hind ones black ; hind tibia>
externally spinulose and hardly darker apically. Wings hyaline,
with the tegula? white and the areolet petiolate.

Length 6-7 millim.

KASHMIE, 8000-9000 ft. (Col. Nurse); ASSAM: Shillong,.
6000 ft., iv and vi. 03 (Rowland Turner). EUBOPE.

Type in the Breslau Museum.

ANILASTA. 495

389. Anilasta simlaensis, Cam.

Limneria simlaensis, Cameron,* Zeits. Hym.-Dipt. v, 1905, p. 283-

$ . A black species, with the abdomen broadly and the legs red,
the base of the latter flavous. Head black, with the palpi and
mandibles pale fiavous and the apices of the latter red : face and
clypeus dull, finely and closely punctate and densely pilose, the
alutaceous irons and vertex sparsely pilose. Antennae, black,
Thorax alutaceous ; metanotum
closely punctate and distinctly
trans-bicarinate, the basal carin'a
united to the base of the segment
by a keel which bifurcates at the
base ; apical slope closely and
irregularly reticulate ; pleurae
coarsely alutaceous, with the pro-
pleurse closely striate ; inesopleurao
with the oblique central impression
distinctly striate above. Scutellum
closely and distinctly punctate.
, 144. Abdomen black, with the second

Anilasta simlaensis, Cam. and third segments apically, the

fourth basally, and the remainder

almost entirely, red ; venter red, with its base subflavidous.
Legs red, with the hind ones darker ; coxae and trochanters pale
flavidous, the hind ones broadly externally and basally, their
tarsi and apices of their tibiae, black. Wings clear hyaline, with
nervures and stigma black ; areolet small, oblique and snorter
than its petiole.
Length 7 mil lira.

KASHMIB, 6000 ft., v. 01 (Col. Nurse) ; PUNJAB: Simla, viii. 9&
(Col. Nurse, type).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

This species belongs to Thomson's genus Anilasta ; it has the
anterior coxae and trochanters entirely, and the hind coxae only
above, stramineous ; the metanotum is dull, granulate and not
longitudinally impressed, the areola is subquadrate, not longer
than broad, hardly discrete from the petiolar area and emits the
costulae almost from its base, the basal area is extremely narrow
and subparall el-sided and the spiracles circular ; the hind femora
and tibiae are red with the latter hardly darker at both extremities r
the nervellus is not geniculate ; the basal nervure slightly post-
furcal ; the second discoidal cell apically acute and the anal
nervure intercepts the brachial cell at its centre ; the terebra is
very slightly exserted.

The Kashmir specimen differs from the type only in its rather
smaller size and entirely black coxae.

496

390. Anilasta varicoxa, Thorns.

Anilasta varicoxa, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, 1887, p. 1173 (tf $ ).

c? $ . A black species, with the abdomen and legs mainly red,
the mouth and tegulae white, and the metanotal costulse strong.
Head very strongly constricted behind the prominent eyes ; face
with white pubescence ; mandibles not basally reflexed below,
small and white, with the palpi concolorous. Antenna with the
flagellum elongate and the scape not pale beneath. Thorax pilose;
autespecular stria? nitidulous ; metanotal costuke strong ; areola
laterally entire, basal area narrow and petiolate ; spiracles circular.
Abdomen dull red, with the two basal segments (except apical
angles of the second), and the base of the third discally, black ;
terebra black and not extending beyond the anus. Legs red, with
the coxae (excepting front ones beneath and apices of the inter-
mediate), the hind tarsi, and both extremities of their tibia?, black.
Wings with the tegulae white ; areolet oblique, small and not as
long as its petiole ; apical abscissa of radial nervure elongate ;
nervellus not intercepted.

Lewftli 6 millim.

CEYLON: Madulsima, xi. 08 (T. Bainbrigr/e Fletcher).

The Ceylon female agrees so perfectly with Thomson's somewhat
short diagnosis that I have but little hesitation in ascribing it to
that species.

Genus ANGITIA, Holmg.

Angitia, Holmgren, Ofv. Sv. Ak. Forh. 1858, p. 327 ; id., Sv. Ak.
Handl. 1858, no. 8, p. 106.

GEXOTYPE, Limneria fenestralis, Holmg.

Head not cubical ; cheeks neither elongate nor buccate, with
their costae inflexed ; clypeus apically simple, with small lateral
foveae ; mandibles not stout, narrowed towards the subequal
apical teeth. Antennal migelluin usually filiform ; scape small
:md often white beneath. Thorax cylindrical, with the raeso-
sternum not transverse ; propleurae not or hardly aciculate ;
metathoracic carinae distinct, areola confluent with the not trans-
versely rugose petiolar area, costula? strong, basal area small and
triangular ; spiracles circular. Abdomen with the glymmal sulci
-of basal segment distinct and the postpetiole somewhat widened ;
second segment longer than the third, with the thyridii usually
obsolete ; seventh segment of $ often excised ; terebra reflexed
and about half the length of the abdomen. Legs not stout ; hind
tibiae often infuscate at apex and before base, hardly externally
spinulose ; tarsal claws subpectinate ; trochanters usuallv pale.
Wings with the tegulae always, and the stigma usually, pale ;
.areola as a rule small, petiolate and emitting the recurrent

ANGITIA. 497

nervure beyond its centre ; second discoidal cell broader apically,
with its lower angle acute ; nervellus neither oblique nor geni-
culate.

Range. Palaearctic Kegion, India.

391. Angitia fenestralis, Holmy.

Campoplex majalis, var. 4, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Europ. iii. 1829

p. 464 (2).
Limneria fenestralis, Holmgren, Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, n. 8, p. 59 ;

Brischke, Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1880, p. 150: Bridgman &

Fitch, Entom. 1885, p. 108 («f 2).
Angitia fenestralis, Thomson, Opusc. Ent. xi, 1887, p. 1156 (cT $)•

d1 ? . A sublinear, black species, with the slender femora and

tibiae red ; hind femora more or less infuscate, and their tibiae

blackish at the apex and before their white base; wings with

stramineous stigma and the
apically curved external radial
abscissa a little longer than the
basal. Head narrowed pos-
teriorly, with the cheeks some-
what elongate, and both mandi-
bles and palpi white. Antenna
longer than half the body ; scape
pale beneath. Thorax im-
maculate, with the metanotal
carinse distinct ; areola sub-
hexagonal, apically incomplete
and emitting the distinct cos-
tulse from its centre ; basal
area not small and the spiracles
circular. Abdomen black, with
the reflexed terebra half its
length. Legs with the anterior
Wings with the areolet subregular and

emitting the recurrent nervure from, or from but slightly beyond,

its centre.

Length 5 millini.

PUNJAB: Lyallpur (Pusa coll.); EAJPUTANA: Mt. Abu (Col.

Nurse).

Type in the Stockholm Museum.

The female in the Pusa collection was bred from the Tineid moth,

Plutella maculipennis, Curt., and in Europe it has been raised from

Tineids, Tortricids and Pyralids.

Tribe CBEMASTIDES.

This tribe differs from the PBISTOMERIDES, to which its facies
closely allies it, in possessing no femoral tooth or areolet ; from
the PORIZONIDES in having the subraarginal nervure unusually
elongate instead of subobsolete and the radius not quite right-

Fig. 145.— Angitia fenestralis, Holmg.

trochanters stramineous.

498 ICHNEUMONID^.

angled above it ; and from the PLECTISCIDES * in the tibiae not
being basally constricted and the head being as broad as the thorax.
Only four genera are known, with widely distributed species.

Table of Genera.

1 (2) Recurrent nervure emitted beyond the

submarginal ; nietanotum not apically [p. 498.

produced CREMASTUS, Grav.,

2 (1) Recurrent nervure continuous with the

submarginal ; nietanotum apically

produced TARYTIA, Cam., p. 502.

Genus CREMASTUS, Grav.

Cremastus, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Europ. iii, 1829, p. 730.
Paurolexis, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Iliat. Soc. 1906, p. 282.

GENOTYPE, C. interrupter, Grav.

Head transverse, broadly rounded posteriorly and not very
narrow ; clypeus apically somewhat abruptly rounded, margined,
somewhat distinctly discrete centrally and obliquely sulcate
laterally ; eyes glabrous and large, not or hardly emarginate in-
ternally ; cheeks elongate and not sulcate ; lower mandibular tooth
distinctly a little the longer ; scrobes very large and aciculate,
extending nearly to the ocelli. Antennae slender. Notauli rarely
deeply impressed ; mesopleurae sometimes crenulately sulcate
above the centre ; nietanotum convex and completely areated ;
areola twice as long as broad, basally subacuminate and apicallv
truncate ; petiolar area not or hardly excavate ; apex sometimes
produced above the hind coxae ; spiracles circular and small.
Abdomen slender, alutaceous and more or less strongly compressed ;
first segment elongate with the basal third petiolate and the apex
dilated ; second twice as long as broad, often finely aciculate ;
terebra elongately exserted. Tarsal claws simple ; basal hind
tarsal joint about as long as the three following united ; front
tarsi double the length of their tibiae ; hind tibiae a little curved
but not basally constricted, with their femora not dentate. Wings
not ample, all the nervures apically obsolete, and the front ones
with no areolet ; second recurrent emitted immediately beyond,
and not much longer than, the submarginal ; radial cell short, not
extending beyond centre of metacarpus ; stigma broad and sub-
triangular, emitting the radius from its centre ; external cubital
and anal nervures wanting, basal subcontinuous ; first discoidal
cell much broader basally than apically, and short ; nervellus
straight and not intercepted, its median nervure wanting thence
to base.

* Respecting the PLECTISCIDES, it is sufficient in the present state of our
knowledge to say that doubtless this tribe is very numerously represented in
India, whence I have seen a female collected in Ceylon by Dr. Thwaites, in
1867 ; &c., &c. ; but so little attention has at present been paid to the collecting
of these small species that an account of them is held over for the present.

CREMASTUS. 499

Range. "World-wide.

Cameron was of opinion that his genus belonged to the CAMPO-
'PLEGIDES, wherein he wished to place it near Zaporus, but it is
distinct from that tribe in its very short and nearly right-angled
.radial cell in the front wings, and the basally wanting median
nervure in the hind wings ; the latter feature is shared with the
POBIZONIDES, which differ in having a much shorter submarginal
nervure and the basal superiorly incrassate at the pterostigma.
Cameron's diagnosis of Paurolexis will be found to coincide very
well with that of Cremastus, Grav., as given by Thomson (Opusc.
Ent. xiv, p. 1441).

Table of Species.

1 (2) Ked ; metathoracic areola four times

as long as broad pestifer, sp. n., p. 499.

2 (1) Flavous ; areola at most twice as long

as broad.

3 (4) Second segment not aciculate ; abdo-

men with black bands flavus, Cam., p. 500.

4 (3) Second segment strongly aciculate;

abdomen discally black no.riosus, sp. n., p. 501.

392. Creniastus pestifer, sp. n.

$ . A bright red species, with the head, thorax and part of the
abdomen, discally black. Head with the frons, vertex and occiput
centrally, and the rnandibular apices, black; frons and vertex
closely and finely punctate, scrobes large but not deeply impressed ;
face transverse and a little convex, with epistoma prominent
and the apically subtruncate clypeus basally strongly discrete.
Antennce as long as the body, very slender and black, with the
scape and flagellar base testaceous beneath. Thorax elongate and
deplanate, much longer than high, red, with three broad stripes

on the finely and dis-
tinctly punctate meso-
notum, the frenum,
scutellar sulcus, and the
whole disc of the finely
sculptured metathorax,
black ; metanotal areas
very distinct ; basal areas
elongate and triangular ;
areola four times as long
as its width at the basal
fourth, whence the
strong costulae are emit-
ted, and not distinctly
discrete from the basally
acuminate and apically

Fig. He.— Cremastus pestifer, Mori. parallel - sided petiolar

ST- area, which extends far

above the hind coxas. Scutellum deplanate, red and finely punctate.

2K2

500

Abdomen sublinear, with the aciculate second segment not broader
than the third and distinctly longer than the first ; basal segment
parallel-sided to its centre and thence very gradually widened
to the apex, which is about one-third as broad as its total length
and very finely aciculate ; base of first two segments broadly, and
of all the remainder narrowly, detenninately black ; terebra
black and about half the length of the abdomen. Leys pale fulvous,
•with the coxae substraniineous ; hind tibiae testaceous, with the
base and apex blackish. Wings broad but not ample ; radix and
tegulae dull testaceous, the stigma and nervures ferruginous ;.
radial cell short and apically subreflexed; subinarginal nervure
longer than half the recurrent, which is emitted closely beyond it ;
basal nervure continuous; nervellus postfurcal, and subgeniculate
centrally but not intercepted.

Length 8 millim.

CEYLON : Weligama, i.08 (T. Bainbrlgge Fletcher, type), Kuru-
negalla, i. 10 (G. G. Gilpin Brown).

Type in the author's collection.

This species has much the facies of Tarytia Jlavo-orbitalis, but
differs to an appreciable extent both in colour and sculpture ; the
black base of the bright red abdominal segments is distinctive.

393. Cremastus flavus, Cam.

Paurolexis Jlunts, Cameron,* Jouru. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 1906,.
p.283($).

$ . A pale flavous species with the mandibular teeth, scrobes,
ocelli, three inesonotal stripes, basal metanotal area, prosternal
and mesopleural spots, mesosternal and metapleural lines, scutellar
fovea, and frenum laterally, base of all the abdominal segments
and centre of the first two, basal segment beneath, terebral
valvulae, base of hind femora and of both their trochanteral joints
narrowly, black. Antennae extending to near apex of basal seg-
ment, filiform, with the flagellum ferruginous, becoming basally
infuscate. Metanotum strongly nitidulous, obsoletely punctate and
pilose, with the complete arese very finely delineated ; areola twice
as long as broad. Scutelhim evenly and somewhat strongly convex,
and nitidulous throughout. Abdomen with the apical segments
rufescent basally, and apically glaucous white; terebra about
three-fourths the abdominal length. Leys: hind pair not longer
than the abdomen, with the apical half of their tibiae infuscate
beneath and a small dark spot before the base. Stigma flavous,
with its apex ferruginous beneath.

Length 8| millim.

BALUCHISTAN: Quetta, vi.03 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's Collection.

All the species described by Thomson (Opusc. Ent. xiv, p. 1444)
are mainly black, but the present one is most closely allied in the
conformation of its glymmal sulci to C. signatus, Holmg. (Sv. Ak.

CBEMASTUS. 501

Handl. 1858, p. 108). Van Vollenhoven described a rf of this
genus under the name C. balteatus in 1878 (Tijds. Ent. xxi, p. 168,
pi. x, fig. 6), from Breda, which Dalla Torre (Cat. Hym. iii. p. 33)
has erroneously rendered Batavia, in Java.

394. Cremastus noxiosus, sp. n.

J $ . A briglit flavous species with profuse black markings.
Head flavous, with the mandibular apices and interocellar space
black ; frons and vertex finely punctate and dull, scrobes small and
superficial : face transverse, dull and a little convex, with the
•epistoma subprominent longitudinally, and the apically sharply
rounded clypeus strongly discrete basally. Anterinas'M long as the
body, very slender, dark, with the scape and flagellar base testaceous
beneath. Thorax deplanate and somewhat elongate, red in c? or
black in $ , with two narrow stripes on the finely and distinctly
punctate mesonotum and the preradical lines flavous ; frenum and
the whole disc of the metathorax black; areae very distinct ; basal
area elongate and triangular ; ai'eola hardly twice as long as broad
tit the basal third, whence the strong costulse are emitted, and
distinctly discrete from the basally rounded and apically parallel-
sided petiolar area which extends far above the hind coxae.
Scutellwn subconvex, briglit flavous and punctate. Abdom,en dis-
cally black and ventrally flavous, linear, with the strongly
aciculate second segment not broader than the base of the third,
and as long as the first segment ; basal segment parallel-sided to
centre and thence exactly fusiform to its apex, which is hardly
'broader than the petiole and very finely aciculate ; terebra black,
very slender and about half the length of the abdomen. Legs
testaceous, with the anterior coxa? substramineous ; hind tibiae
blackish at base and apex. Wings broad and somewhat ample ;
radii and tegula? flavescent, stigma and nervures dull ochreous ;
radial cell short and apically straight ; submarginal nervure longer
than half the recurrent, which is emitted not very closely beyond
it ; basal nervure continuous ; uervellus opposite and neither
.geniculate nor intercepted.

Length 5-6 millim.

BENGAL : Pusa, i. 06 and xi. 07.

Type in the Pusa collection.

Extremely similar to the species of Tarytia, but at once recog-
nised by the interception of the external cubital nervure by the
second recurrent distinctly beyond the submarginal.

A unique pair of this pretty little species was bred at the
Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa from the Pyralid moth,
Antigastra catalaunalis. There, too, is a male with the occiput,
antennae, thorax and abdomen almost entirely black, render-
ing it superficially very distinct in appearance, though 1 find no
structural distinctions ' and propose to term it var. nigrescens;
it was bred from the hairy caterpillar of the Arctiid moth,

502 KHXEUMONIDjE.

Didcrisla obliqua, TV Ik. Paiva took a female of this species, witta
Tarytia Jlavo-orbitaUs, ou board-ship, ten miles off Coconada ou
the Madras coast, on 14th April 1908.

Genus TARYTIA, Cam.

Tarytia, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nut. Hist. Soc. 1907, p. 088.
GENOTYPE, T. basimacula, Cam.

Clypeus distinctly discrete from the face and apically broadly
rounded ; mandibles with the teeth large, divergent and of equal
length ; cheeks distinct and not sulcate ; eyes nude, internally
parallel and not einarginate. Antennae exactly filiform and of
normal length. "Nbtauli sometimes present ; metathorax not at all
rugose, apically subproduced beyond base of hind coxae ; metanotum
irregularly and weakly areated centrally ; spiracles small and very
shortly oval. Abdomen distinctly petiolate, with the spiracles far
beyond centre of the basal segment, which is longer than the
second, with the postpetiole distinctly nodose; ovipositor distinctly
exserted, but not elongate, with filiform valvulae. Intermediate
tibiae bicalcarate ; hind calcaria nearly as long as the second tarsal
joint ; femora not dentate ; tarsi normal, not at all spatuliform,
with simple and not pectinate claws ; basal joint of hind onea
nearly as long as the following three united ; hind coxae stout,.
two and a half times as long as broad. Stigma not broad nor
radial cell short ; areolet entirely wanting ; second recurrent
nervure distinct and fenestrate above its centre, emitted at or
beyond the submarginal ; basal nervure continuous ; parallel
nervure intercepted shortly above its centre ; hind wings with the-
nervellus neither intercepted nor geniculate, and all the nervures
apically pellucid.

Range. India.

This genus does not bear the remotest relationship to Agrypon*
with which Cameron compares it ; I have not seen Szepligeti's
arrangement, to which he refers, but its whole facies is entirely
Cremastid. An examination of the whole of the type specimens
has enabled me to draw up the following table of species, though
it is possible that in some instances the two sexes have been
described as distinct species since, with a single exception, all the
species have been founded on single specimens.

Table of Species.

1 (8) Second recurrent nervure continuous

with the submarginal.

2 (5) Notauli entirely wanting ; scutellum

dull and granulate.

3 (4) Second segment twice as long as

broad ; length 3£ milliin empttsa, sp. n., p. 504.

4 (3) Second segment thrice as long as

broad length 7 milliin niyromacitlata, Cam., p. 503.

TABYTIA. 503

5 (2) Notauli distinct; scutellum niti-

dulous and punctate.

6 (7) cT only ; notauli extending to disc

of mesonotum cariniscutis, Cam.,t p.' 504.

7 (6) 5 only ; notauli confined to the

apical declivity basimacula, Cam., p. 505.

8 (1) Second recurrent emitted distinctly

beyond submarginal flavo-orbitalis, Cam., p. 506.

395. Tarytia nigromaculata, Cam.

Turytia nigromaculata, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1907, p.

c? . A flavidous testaceous species. Head flavous, with the
ocellar region, two broad frontal stripes, and the centre of the
occiput broadly, black ; face and clypeus finely and closely punc-
tate, frons and vertex somewhat more strongly punctate, with the
frons centrally elevated and rufescent. Antennae infuscate-brun-
neous, \vith the flavous scape black above. Thorax with the
mesonotum closely and strongly punctate, laterally rufescent,
with flavous stripes on either side of a broad black central
stripe at the apical two-thirds ; radical foveae, and a broad and
apically curved mark on basal third of metanotal disc, black ;
metanotum more strongly punctate, with the petiolar area closely
and strongly striate ; pleurae not more finely punctate thau the
mesonotum, but more strongly so towards their apices. Scutellum
closely and strongly granulate, roundly declivous throughout.
Abdomen glabrous, dorsally rufescent, with base of first segment,
basal half of the finely and closely aciculate second, and base of
the third, black ; basal segment abruptly dilated from its apical
third; second segment thrice as long as broad. Legs: anterior
pairs stramineous ; hind ones red, with the tibiae and tarsi
darker, trochanters and coxae stramineous ; tarsi dark, hind
tibias with a dark band before the base. Wings hyaline, with
the stigma pale testaceous, externally darker, and the nervures
paler.

Length 7 millim.

BOMBAY: Deesa, x. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Very distinct from its congeners in the dull and granulate
scutellum, the entire lack of any trace of the notauli, and in the
continuation of the second recurrent nervure with the sub-
marginal.

t Mr. Green has sent me a fragment of an interesting new species
("No. 857") which he bred at Peracleniya in Ceylon, in December 1901,
from a fruit of Solanum inclongela, infested by larvae of the Pyralid moth
Leuoinodes orbonalis. It is larger, with darker stigma, than any described
Tarytia and approaches T. cariniscutis in its entire mesonotal notauli.

504 TCHNEUMONIDJE.

•596. Tarytia empusa. sp. n.

~ cJ . A very small, testaceous species, with the head (except
ocelli), legs, second abdominal segment, tegulae, and apex of
scutellum, flavous ; ocelli, antennae, disc of metanotum, and of
iirst and fourth segments, infuscate ; basal metanotal area as long
as the areola.

Length 3| millim.

BENGAL : Pusa, ix. 06.

Type in the Pusa collection.

This species is too closely allied to T. niyromaculata to need a
detailed description ; besides its coloration and much smaller size,
it differs therefrom in the metanotum being much more nitidulous,
with all the areolar caring stouter and more clearly denned; the
basal area is strongly elongate, the head less emarginate posteriorly,
the postpetiole gradually dilated from its centre and not abruptly
from its apical third, and the second segment is not more than
twice as long as broad.

397. Tarytia cariniscutis, Cam.

Tari/tia cariniscutis, Cameron,* Jouru. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1907, p. 590 (rf).

<5 . A clear pale testaceous species. Head (mutilated) with the
face and clypeus closely punctate. Antenna1 infuscate, paler
below, with the scape flavous. Thorax closely, but not strongly,
punctate ; metanotum with very distinct notauli ; petiolar area
distinct and triangular, with the lateral carinae broad and basal ly
coalescent; areola feebly and sparsely striate, broad, roundly
constricted basally and subconstricted towards the apex, extending
to shortly beyond the centre ; propleura? glabrous. Scutellum
closely punctate and laterally carinate to near its centre, strongest
at base. Abdomen with the basal half of the second and third
segments discally, and the latter laterally, black ; anus black ;
second segment discally finely and closely, base of third more
obsolerely, aciculate; valvuke broad, elongate and strongly exserted.
Legs immaculate. Wings clear hyaline, with the stigma and
nervures pale testaceous.

Length 8 millim.

BOMBAY : Deesa, vii. 98 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Nurse's collection.
This s

This species is said to be recognised by the scutellum being
carinate beyond its base, and by the large and distinctly defined
petiolar area ; from the remaining four species it differs in its
elongate notauli, which extend strongly to the pin run through
the disc, in its shining and not very closely punctate scutellum
and in the second recurrent nervure being continuous with the
submarginal.

TARYTIA. 505

398. Tarytia basimacula, Cam.

Tarytia basimacula, Cameron,* Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1907, p. 588 (5).

$ . A testaceous red species. Head flavous, with the ocellar
region triangularly black ; face and base of clypeus closely punc-
tate, the latter apically glabrous ; frons and vertex closely, but
more strongly, punctate ; scrobes elongate and deeply impressed,

Fig. 147. — Tarytia basimacula, Cam.

separated by a cariua ; eyes large and internally parallel ; ocelli
large and pale, with the basal pair further apart than from the eyes.
Thorax : mesonotum closely punctate, with two broad flavescent
stripes ; metanotum rugosely punctate, with indistinct carinae and
the apical declivity strongly trans-striate ; pleurae closely and
distinctly punctate, with the meso- and meta-pleurae broadly fulvous
basally. Scutellum roundly convex. Abdomen with the Hrst seg-
ment basally, and the basal half of the second discally, black ; anus
infuscate ; second segment and the postpetiole closely and dis-
tinctly aciculate ; third basally substriate ; terebra 2 millim. in
length. Leys somewhat paler than the body and immaculate. Wings
hyaline, with the stigma dark testaceous and the nervures black.

Length 8 millim.

BOMBAY : Deesa, x. 99 (Col. Nurse).

Type in Col. Xurse's collection.

I am strongly of the opinion that this is the alternate sex of
T. cariniscutis, but since they have been described as distinct and
we at present know but single examples of each species of the
genus, it is better to treat them temporarily as different, more
especially as the present specimen has the notauli eutirely apical
and not extending to the disc, while in T, cariniscutis they extend
to the centre of the mesonotum.

506

ICHfTBUMOFEDJE.

399. Tarytia flavo-orbitalis, Can,.

larytia flavo-orbitali*, Cameron, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc.
1907, p. 589 ( $ ).

<? $ . A slender testaceous species with only the mandibular
apices, interocellar space, terebral valvula?, the two basal abdominal
segments dorsally, and the following more or less disc-ally, black ;
apex and sometimes base of hind tibia?, their tarsi and the
flagellum, slightly infuscate. Head somewhat narrow, dull and
pubescent, sometimes with the orbits distinctly flavous ; scrobes
large and separated by a carina ;
face distinctly punctate, with the
epistoma elevated and the dis-
tinctly discrete clypeus sparsely
punctate and apically margined ;
cheeks shorter than the base of
the stout and equideutate
mandibles. Antennae filiform and
extending to the apex of the
postpetiole. Thorax closely punc-
tate and dull, with the "notauli
deeply impressed ; metanotal areae
fine and not very distinct ; areola
elongate and hexagonal, emitting
costula? before its centre ; petiolar
area elongate and subparallel-
sided. Scutellvm convex and not
laterally margined. Abdomen
linear, with the strongly aciculata
second segment broadest; basal segment . linear to its centre,
thence fusiform and aciculate, with its apex (in c? ) often pale ;
remaining segments very strongly compressed, with only the
acute disc usually blackish ; d" valv ula3 large and exsertecl ;
terebra as long as the two basal segments or rather more than
half the abdominal length, spicula deflexed. Legs slender and
flavidous. Wings broad and not ample, with the radix, tegulae
and stigma testaceous, the nervures hardly darker; second re-
current broadly fenestrate above, hardly longer than the
submarginal nervure and close to it ; basal uervnre not con-
tinuous ;. nervelltis a little curved but not geniculate.
Length 4^-8 millim.

BENGAL : Pusa, viii. and ix., and Chapra, vii. (Pusa coll.),
Katihar, x. 07 (Ind. Mus.) ; BOMBAY: Deesa, x. 98 (Col. AW*v
type), Surat, x. (Pusa coll.); MADBAS: Quilon, Travancore, xi. 08
(JV. Annandale) ; CEYLON : Trincomali, ix. 09, and Peradeniya,
s.09 (E. E. Green) : BUEMA : Bhamo, vii. 86 (L. Fea).
Type in Col. Nurse's collection.

Specimens have been taken by Mr. C. Paiva, of the Indian
Museum, on board-ship, four miles off Tuticorin, 25. v. 08, and ten
miles off Coconada, Madras coast, 17. iv. 08.

Fig. 148.
larytia flavo-orbitalis, Cat

TARYTIA.. — PBISTOMEBUS. 507

At once recognised from Cameron's four other species by the
second recurrent being emitted from the external cubital nervure
at an appreciable distance further from the base of the wing than
the submarginal nervure, though he failed to note this distinction.

The black and aciculate two basal segments are very distinctive.

I am strongly of opinion that this species should be transposed
to Cremastus on account of the analogous neuration ; but the
metanotum is somewhat more produced than is usual in that genus
and its facies is altogether similar to that of Tarytia.

This appears to be an extremely common species in Bengal
and there is a very long series in the Pusa collection, the majority
of which were bred from the Pyralid leaf-rolling caterpillar of
Antigastra catalaunalis, Dup. It is also represented by specimens
raised from the Tortricid, Eucosma paragramma, Meyr., the
Pyralids, Chilo simplex, Butl., Euzophora perticella, Bag., and the
larva of another undetermined Pyralid, feeding on Acacia arabica*

Tribe PRISTOMERIDES.

This tribe is instantly recognised from the remainder of the
OPHIONINYE by the usually strong and elongate hind femoral
tooth, followed by a series of serrations in the typical genus or
close to the apex in Pristomeridia, Ashm. ; and this allies it to the
Pimplid genus Odontomems, Grav., though they have hardly
another feature in common. It is closely related to CBEMASTIDES
iii the large stigma, broad wings, and single elongate submarginal
nervure.

The only species of this tribe hitherto recorded from India was
placed by Cameron in Pristomeridia, but from his account of the
subapical serrations of the hind femora it is obvious that it
should be referred to the following genus, though his description
of the metanotum is too vague to determine the shape of the
areola.

This tribe is universally distributed, since Tosquinet has de-
scribed several kinds from Africa and Cresson others from
America, but the known species are very few in number, hardly
amounting to a dozen in all.

Genus PRISTOMEKUS, Curtis.
Pristomems, Curtis, Brit. Ent. 1836, fol. 624.
GENOTYPE, Ichneumon vulnerator, Pz.

Head narrow on the vertex ; clypeus slightly demarcated and
apically broadly rounded ; mandibular teeth of subequal length ;
eyes of $ hardly, of tf strongly, convergent above ; ocelli sub-
contiguous to the eyes. Antenna? not extending beyond the
postpetiole, flagellum generally subattenuate basally. Thorax

508 ICHXEUMONIDJ.

with the inetanotal areae more or less complete ; areola hexagonal,
4ipically entire, with the costuloe strong. Basal abdominal seg-
ment apically somewhat broad, with distinct glymmal sulci ; second
segment with the epipleurae iuflexed ; terebra slender and exserted.
Legs not very slender ; hind femora stout, with a strong obliqun
tooth slightly beyond the centre, followed bv small subcrenulate
processes ; hind calcaria of unequal length ; fifth tarsal joint
longer and a little broader than the fourth, with the short claws
pectinate. Wings with the stigma large and broad ; areolet
•entirely wanting ; discoidal cell not elongate, but with its lower
external angle subacute; lower wings with the median nervure
not basally obsolete, nervellus subgeniculate below its centre.

Eanye. World-wide.

The species of this very distinct genus are known to prey upon
various small Tortricid and Grelechiid moths, and I once bre.I
numbers in a room of stored apples, where they emerged, in all
probability from the codlin moth (cf. Zoologist, 1909, p. 213)
though not elsewhere recorded as a parasite of this species.

Talle of Species.

1 (2) Black ; third segment aciculate marffinicollis, Cain.

2 (1) Testaceous ; third segment not at all

aciculate testaceus, sp. n.

400. Pristomerus marginicollis, Cam.

Pristomeridia marginicottis, Cameron, Tijds. Ent. 1907, p. H0($).

$ . A black species, with very variable yellowish and testaceous
markings. Head with the inner orbits narrowly, and the strongly
though sparsely punctate clypeus, tes-
taceous ; face closely, regularly, and
somewhat strongly punctate, with
the epistoma circularly prominent ;
frons and vertex dull and alutaceous.
Antennce black, with the scape and
two basal flagellar joints entirely
testaceous. Thorax : pro- and meso-
thorax closely punctate ; pronotum
transversely flavidous ; " base of meta-
notum strongly transversely punc-
tured ; in the centre of the base are
two stout, somewhat curved inwardly
Fig. 149. keels ; on the apex are two longer

Pristomerus marginicollis, Cam. straight keels extending from shortly
beyond the middle to the apex ; the

apical slope is bordered by a stout keel which is curved down in
the middle ; the slope is stoutly transversely striated, the striae
roundly curved " ; propleurae centrally striate and impressed, with
a broad and parallel-sided flavidous line below ; mesopleurae

PBISTOMERirS. 509'

apically glabrous and nitidulous above. Scittellum glabrous and
mtidulous, with its apex finely aud longitudinally aciculate ;.
postscutellum closely and distinctly striate. Abdomen rufescent,
with the two basal segments apically and ventrally, and the basal
half of the first, flavidous ; third basally black in the centre ;,
apical half of first segment and whole of the second except their
apices, as well as the base of the third centrally, finely and closely
aciculate ; terebra 2 niillim. in length. Legs flavidous, with the
hind coxae, except apically, black ; hind femora rufescent, their
tibiae subconcolorous and their tarsi dark; hind femora serrate
between their apices and the elongate, oblique teeth. Wings
hyaline ; tegulse flavidous, stigma and nervures black ; subinarginal
nervure slightly more than half the length of the space bounded
by it and the recurrent nervure.

Length 6-9 millim.

c? . I have seen a rf , which appears to belong almost un-
doubtedly to this species. Prom the above § it differs only in
having the inner orbits immaculate, the epistorna hardly convex,
mandibles and whole of the prothorax pale testaceous, sides of
scutellum narrowly but conspicuously concolorous ; apical half of
first abdominal segment and the whole of second, except laterally
at base, black ; genital valvulse exserted and apically truncate ;.
hind tarsi flavous, with the onychii alone dark, and the submar-
giual nervure about as long as the space between it and the second
recurrent nervure. The last is the only feature of much note in.
these divergences, though the locality is distant.

Length 6 millim.

BAJPUTANA : Mt. Abu (Col. Nurse, J ) ; UNITED PROVINCES :
Mussoori, vi. (E. Brunetti — Ind. Mus.) ; SIKKIM (Col. Bingham) ;
BENGAL : Calcutta (Ind. Mus.) ; ASSAM : Margherita (Ind. Mus.),
Shillong, v. 03 (Turner} ; TENASSEEIM : Mergui ( W. Dohertij — IncL
Mus.); CEYLON (Thwaites—Oxf. Mus., rf )•

I am not entirely satisfied that the present species is indeed
distinct from the well-known P. vulnerator, Grav. ; the above
sexes differ somewhat in coloration, and further, the 6 from
Mt. Abu has the head mainly and the thorax entirely bright red,
with the legs nearly entirely' black, yet I can trace no structural
distinctions, in the absence of which it is idle to consider it a new
species. P. vulnerator is known to range throughout nearly the
whole of Europe, and quite possibly extends to Asia.

401. Pristomerus testaceus, sp. n.

d1 $ . A pale testaceous species with only the mandibular apices,
the claws, apex of first and disc of second segment, and occasionally
the frons and occiput (except their orbits), black ; antennal flagellum
(except basally) and anus subinfuscate. Head with face nitidulous
and distinctly punctate, epistoma tuberculiforrnly prominent ;
scrobes large and extending nearly to ocelli, separated by a carina.
Antennae extending to apex of postpetiole. Thorax nitidulous.

510 1CHXEUMONIDJE.

finely punctate, the mesothorax and metapleurse more distinctly
so ; notauli deeply impressed ; basal area small and subquadrate ;
areola very elongate, hexagonal, and twice as long as broad, with
the costuise entire and emitted at the basal third ; petiolar area
discrete, trans-aciculate,basallv strong aud internally parallel-sided.
Scutellum glabrous and subdeplanate, with no lateral carinae.
Abdomen somewhat dull and closely alutaceous, with the anus
pilose ; basal segment linear nearly to its centre, arid thence
gradually a little widened and finely aciculate to apex ; second
slightly shorter, dull and finely aciculate throughout ; genital
valvulao pale aud very slightly exserted ; terebra very slender, and
slightly shorter than the abdomen. Legs with the hind femoral
tooth flavous. Wings hyaline, with the radix and tegulse fulvous,
stigma a little darker ; submarginal nervure very slightly longer
than its distance from the recurrent; nervellus geuiculate, but
not intercepted, distinctly below its centre.

Length 7-8 millim.

The 2 nas tne Dasa' half of the second aud third abdominal
segments alone discally blackish.

BENGAL : Chapra "(Mackenzie, type) ; CENTRAL PROVINCES :
Jfagpur (Pusa coll.) ; MADRAS : Attur (Pusa coll.), Kulattupuzha,
in Travancore, xi. 08 (N. Annandale).

Type in the Pusa collection.

Specimens in the Pusa collection have been bred from the
Pyralid moths, Euzophora perticella, Rag., and Leucinodes orbonalis,
•Guen.

Genus PRISTOMERIDIA, Ashm.
Pristomeridia, Ashmead, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1900, p. 100.

GENOTYPE, Porizon agilis, Cresson.

This genus was differentiated from Pristomerus by its entire
and not geniculate or intercepted nervellus, pentagonal aud not
hexagonal areola, the scarcely thickened hind femora, the tooth of
which is near the apex and not merely slightly beyond the centre.
It was erected for the reception of a single species, described
from Texas by Cresson (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 1872, p. 175),
and referred by him, with some hesitation, to the genus Porizon.
Our Indian insect certainly belongs here, though the areola
is hexagonal and the femoral tooth is at some distance from the
apex.

Range. Nearctic Region, India.

402. Pristomeridia secunda, sp. n.

<j> . A small, black species, with the legs, abdomen, and antenna)
partly pale. Head a little broader than the thorax, with the
vertex transverse and the confluent scrobes trans-aciculate above
the antennae ; eyes internally entire and parallel ; face shining,
•distinctly punctate, and a little elevated centrally ; clypeus discrete,

PRISTOMERUS. 51 1

apically broadly rounded, strongly transverse and, like the
strong mandibles, entirely testaceous, the latter with the lower
tooth longer. Antennas broken, broadly separated and black, with
the scape and the three elongate basal flagellar joints testaceous.
Thorax shining and distinctly punctate ; notauli entire and deeply
impressed; sternauli basally strong and elongate; metathora'x
with complete, though not strong, arese ; areola hexagonal, half
as long again as broad, and emitting the costulse nearly from its
base ; basal area very small ; petiolar area trans-strigose, discrete
and basally bisinuate ; spiracles small. Scutellum black and sub-
convex. Abdomen black, with the anus indefinitely paler; two
basal segments deplauate and finely aciculate, the remainder ver^
strongly compressed and subglabrous ; the first basally petiolate,
with its spiracles but slightly beyond the centre ; terebra two-
thirds the length of the abdomen and apically sinuate. Legs
slender and testaceous, with the hind femora a little darker ; hiud
tibiae flavescent, with their apices and a subbasal mark iufuscate •
hind femoral tooth minute but distinct, followed by no serration.
Wings hyaline and not narrow ; radix and tegulaa testaceous,
stigma luteous and large; subrnarginal nervure shorter than its
distance from the second recurrent ; basal nervure continuous ;
lower wing with the median nervure strong to base, the recurrent
longer than the basal abscissa of the radius, and the straight
nervellus not geniculate or intercepted ; remaining nervures
obsolete.

Length nearly 5 millim.

UNITED PROVINCES : Bhanwar, Gonda district, xi. 07 (type) ;
CENTRAL PROVINCES : Saugor (Pusa coll.).

Type in the Indian Museum.

Tribe PORIZONIDES.

This tribe is very easily recognised by its triangular radial cell,
the very broad stigma, and comparatively small abdomen ; no
hesitation can be experienced respecting its members if it be
borne in mind that, in addition to the above features, the median
nervure of the hind wings is entirely wanting between the
nervellus and the base, and that in the front wing the basal
nervure is very distinctly thickened at its point of junction with
the costa, forming an often not inconspicuous pseudostigma.
The two latter points at once distinguish it from the PRISTO-
MERIDES, CREMA.STIDES, and PLECTISCIDES, while from the remainder
of the OPHICMSTN^E the large and broadly triangular stigma and
not apically produced metathorax render it very different.

It has been subdivided into a score of genera, for the most
part of doubtful stability, of which only two have hitherto been
noticed in our fauna, no doubt owing rather to the lack of
observation and collection of such small insects than to the
absence or rarity of specimens.

512 ICliXEUAlOMDJE.

Table of Genera.

1 (2) Calcaria normal and curved ; hind

tarsi elongate, with all the joints
gradually decreasing in length ;
thorax cylindrical .............. Poiuzox, Flu., p. oil'.

2 (1) Calcaria short and straight ; hind

tarsi with basal joint much longer
than the following; thorax short
and convex .................... DIAPAHSIS, Fo'rst., p. 514.

Genus PORIZON, Fin.

Porizon, Fallen, Speciin. Ilym. 1813, p. 18 ; Holmgren. Sv. Ak.
Handl. 1858, p. 132.

GENOTYPE, Porizon Jiostilis, Grav.

Head with the maxillary palpi quadri-articulate and the orbits
not pale. Antennae often apically attenuate, with the flagellum
multi-articulate. Thorax generally cylindrical and much longer
than high ; sternauli always distinct ; metathorax with no costulae or
lateral carinae ; basal area rarely entire ; petiolar area not extending
beyond centre. Abdomen short, with the petiole stout and some-
times disc-ally excarinate ; second segment not transverse, with large
and triangular thyridii ; terebra reflexed and usually stout. Hind
femora simple and somewhat slender ; calcaria curved ; hind tarsi
elongate, with the joints gradually decreasing in length to apex.
Stigma broad and generally emitting the radius beyond its centre ;
areolet not entire, obsolete or wanting, with the submarginal
nervure very short ; anal nervure not arcuate, emitted from below
centre of brachial cell ; basal nervure subtriangularly thickened
at the costa ; radial cell with its lower angle subacute ; nervellus
not geniculate ; basal abscissa of radial nervure in lower wing
equal in length to the recurrent nervure.

Range. Most of the species of this genus are Palsearctic or
Nearctic, though a few have been found in Cuba, &c., and their
rarity in the tropics is probably due simply to want of observation.
Only three Indian specimens have passed through my hands.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Mesonotum with four oblong marks, and

head mainly, testaceous .............. pallidipes, Mots.

2 (1) Mesonotum black ; head with mouth alone

testaceous .......................... meridionalis, sp. n.

403. Porizon pallidipes, Mots.

Porizon pallipes, Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, xxxvi,
1863, p. 2

An elongate, shining, very finely punctulate and very shortly
pilose, black species, with the head (except centrally), the pro-
notum laterally, and four oblong central marks, the mesonotum,

POB1ZON. 0 13

and the legs, pale testaceous ; the abdomen beneath and the base
•of the antennae infuscate testaceous ; the wings subinfuinate,
with the nervures and stigma black ; the abdomen nearly sessile,'
•narrow, with its underside concavely depressed and the segments
very narrowly mai-gined with red ; the hind femora basally, and
•the coxae and apices of the tibiae piceous.

Lencjth about 5 inillim.

CEYLON : Nuwara Eliya (teste Motsclmlsky).

I can do no more than reproduce Motschulsky's description, as
.no one has mentioned the species since his time, and I have seen
no individuals that could be referred to it ; he only adds that the
breadth of the head is one-sixth the length of the body.

404. Porizon meridionalis, sp. n.

d1 $ . A black species, with the abdomen, tegulae, scape, and
legs more or less broadly red. Head narrow and very strongly
transverse, black, with the glabrous clypeal apex, the elongately
bi dentate mandibles, and the palpi, red ; vertex very narrow, with
distinct and even punctures extending to the circularly sub-
prominent epistoma, thence becoming subcontinent laterally and
-a little finer apically to base of the subdiscrete and apically
unevenly rounded clypeus. Antennas quite filiform and hardly
longer than the head and thorax, black, with the scape ochraceous ;
flagellar joints subpilose and well discrete. Thorax immaculate
black and hardly longer than high ; mesonotum dull and closely
ipunctate, with somewhat strong but indefinite notauli, coalescing
discally ; metathorax very short, with a strong and discrete
petiolar area ; lateral carinae sti'ong ; spiracles small, circular, and
facing upwards. Scutellam black and dull. Abdomen glabrous
and nitidulous, nearly double the length of the head arid thorax,
red ; in § with the whole first and extreme base of the second
segment black, in <3 with the whole first and the base of all the
following segments broadly black ; basal segment glabrous and
iiiitidulous, with elongate petiole and the spiracles distinctly
'beyond its centre at the strong subapical arcuation ; thyridii
distinct ; terebra shorter than the abdomen. Leys not elongate
or determinately rufescent ; hind coxae, and in <3 their femora,
blackish. Wings broad and somewhat short, hyaline, with the
broad stigma black and the tegulae rufescent : radial cell trapezi-
foriu, areolet wanting ; second recurrent nervure fenestrate above
and emitted slightly beyond the subrnarginal ; basal nervure not
continuous through the median ; neuration of lower wings very
weak, with the nervellus not interrupted, subopposite and quite
straight.

Length 5-6 inillim.

BURMA: Karen Hills, 3000-3700 ft., viii. 88 (L. Fea).

Type in the Genoa Civic Museum.

Described from a single pair. A small female, in very bad
-condition, in the Oxford Museum, appears to belong to the same
.species ; it was tak<.>n by Dr. Thwaitea in Ceylon in 1872.

514 ICHNEUMON! I> 1 .

Genus DIAPARSIS. /•'/;,•*/.

Diaparsis. Forster, Verb, pr. IMieinl. IHtiS, p. 14H.
Diaparsn*. Thomson, Opusc. Hut. xiii. 1*H!), p. KidO.

GEXOTYPE, Oplrion untritor, F.

Head a little constricted behind the eyes, with the vertex not
smooth ; frons usually transversely elevated ; cheeks not very
short ; face strongly transverse. Antenna? of $ with at least
twenty flagellar joints, of which the first is generally longer than
the second, and not or hardly transverse. Thoracic notauli short
but distinct ; metanotum with the basal area not short and very
rarely with a basal carina : sternauli always distinct, though
occasionally abbreviated. Abdomen with the second segment
longer than broad, and the first not often strongly convex ;
terebra exserted and usually elongate ; thyridii elongately trian-
gular. Calcaria not very small. AVings with the lower angle of
the brachial cell entire ; apical abscissa of radius not deflexed,
and always at least twice the length of the basal.

Range. Europe, Assam.

No example of this genus has hitherto been noticed outside
Europe, for which the inconspicuous size of its species probably
accounts.

405. Diaparsis caudata, sp. n.

9. Head distinctly broader than the thorax and rabbnocftie
above ; frons broad and eyes not large ; clypeus discrete and
apically rounded ; mandibles stout and red. Antennce black.
not reaching beyond the meta-
thorax, with about twenty-six well
discrete fiagellar joints ; scape
rufescent beneath. Thorax dull
and finely pilose ; sternauli elongate
and deeply impressed; metathorax
elongate and not rugulose, with no

r H "A T carina at the basal area ; petiolar

| rl ] area slightly longer than half the

* " ' * metathorax, and basally strongly

carinate throughout : spiracles
circular and somewhat remote
from the pleura! carina. Scutelhnn
black and convex. Altdomen bright
red, with the spiral valvulae, the
basal segment, and the extreme
base and apex of the second in-
Fig.lf.O. — IHaparsifcnudata, Mori, definitely, black; basal segment
intnmescent from beyond centre to

apex, with the spiracles beyond centre and not prominent :
terebra straight, sinuate only at its extreme apex, and fullv :i*
long as the body. Legs red and not stout, with the hind coxa-,

UIAPAItSIS. 515

femora and tibiae black or blackish ; hind femora and tibiae
not thickened, with the basal joint of their tarsi shorter than tbe
two following united. Wings hyaline, with the radix and tegulae
ochraceous, stigma and nervures piceous ; fenestrse small and
punctiforin ; radial cell elongate, with the submarginal nervure
not very short ; second discoidal cell apically entire ; median
nervure of lower wing basally obsolete ; nervellus nearly straight
and not geniculate.

Length 5 millim.

ASSAM : Shillong, 6000 ft., v. 03 (Eotvland Turner).

Type in the British Museum.

This species appears to belong to Forster's subgenus TemelucJia,
on account of the structure of the maxillary palpi. It is at
once known from its allies in having tbe terebra fully as long
as the apically rufescent abdomen, whereas in D. eryikrostoma,
its nearest ally, the anus is black ; superficially it has much the
facies of the common Palaearctic D. versutws, Holing.

Tribe MESOCHORIDES.

The genus MesocJiorus of Gravenhorst, Batzeburg and Holmgren,
has been raised by recent authors to the rank of a subfamily and
its species distributed through four not very sharply defined genera.
It is very readily recognised from the whole remainder of the
ICHNEUMONIDJE, however, by the peculiar shape of tbe alar
areolet, which is obliquely square, that is to say that it has the
angles at the top, bottom and either side, in place of two on
the radial nervure and two below as in certain CBYPTIXJE. To
the latter it bears some analogy in its mainly deplanate abdomen,
the first segment of which has its spiracles at or behind the
centre, never before it as in most OPHIONI^JE. Its true position
is still uncertain. Ashmead was, I believe, the first to notice
its relationship with Panisciis, though he places it next the
BAXCHIDES. He remarks that " the abdomen in the males
terminates in two long, slender spines, a character found in no
other tribe " ; and this peculiarity, together with the obliquely
subquadrate areolet described by me under the Paniscid genus
Tetracjonahjs (ftnte, p. 360) goes to confirm Ashmead's opinion
and to establish the position of the present tribe.

The MESOCUOKTDES are parasitic on both Lepidoptera and
Hymenoptera, and have been bred from Chrysomelid and Curcu-
lionid beetles, but are most often met with in the injurious
capacity of hyperparasites, through the beneficial Braconids of
the subfamily MICEOGASTBBIXJE, of noxious caterpillars. Little
attention has' been accorded this group of small insects in India ;
and, in fact, the difficulty of their study on account of their
microscopic distinctions has caused them to be much neglected
even in those countries where lofftnuMOHlDJB have been most
closely worked.

516 ICHJfEUMONIDJE.

Talh of Genera.

1 (4) Metatlioracic spiracles subcircular ;

areolet quadrate.

2 (3) Anal nervure emitted from centre of [p. 510.

brachial cell ; nervellus geniculate. . ASTIPHROMMA, Forst.,

3 (2) Anal nervure emitted above centre of

brachial cell ; nervellus entire .. MESOCHOHUS, Grav.,p. 517.

4 (1) Metathoracic spiracles elongate ;

areolet rhomboidal , EDRISA, Cam., p. 520.

Genus ASTIPHROMMA, Font.

Agtiphromma, Forster, Verb. pr. Rheiul. 18C8, p. 170.
Astiphromnnts, Thomson, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1886, p. 327.

GENOTYPE, Mesocliorus scutellatus, Grav.

Head with the genal sulcus wanting ; frons entirely and face
often black, the latter never with (he orbits alone determinately
pale and in tf always pale throughout. Lateral thoracic carime
often basally obsolete. Abdomen subpilose discally, with the
postpetiole margined in both sexes. Upper wings with the lower
basal nervure usually postfurcal and the anal emitted from the
centre of the second discoidal cell, which is externally acute
below. Hind wings with nervellus nearly always geniculate.

Range. United States, Europe, Ceylon.

This genus differs from Mesocliorus in possessing genal sulci, in
its geniculate or intercepted nervellus, and in the anal nervure
not being emitted from above the centre of the first recurrent ;
in the last character it agrees with Stictopisthus, Thorns, (entirely
overlooked by Ashmead in 1900), which has the nervellus entire
and not intercepted.

406. Astiphromma petiolata, sp. n.

$ . A very small, shining black species, with the prothorax

Fig. 151. Adiphromma petiolata, Mori.

and base of antennae testaceous ; clypeus, palpi and legs flavous ;
the coxae, tegulse and third abdominal segment substramineous ;

ASTIP1IB.OMMA. A5ESOCHORUS. 517

apex of hind trochauters, of their tibiae and tarsal joints, faintlv
infuscate; antennse slender, filiform and nearly as long as the
body ; two basal abdominal segments very strongly aciculate,
the first somewhat strongly dilated, with the spiracles distinctly
bevoad its centre ; tei'ebra not extending beyond the anus, which
is compressed from the base of the fourth segment. Stigma sub-
infuscate ; areolet small, distinct, subcircular and elongately
petiolate, emitting the recurrent nervure from near its apex ;
radius angled above the areolet, short and hardly extending
further than the broadly curved second recurrent nervure ;
internal cubital uervure evenly curved throughout ; basal nervure
continuous ; lower wings with the recurrent as long as the basal
abscissa of the radius, and the nervellus distinctly intercepted,
though less distinctly geniculate. at its lower third.

Lenc/th 3 millim.

CEYLON: Peradeniya, v. 09 (E. E. Green').

Type in the author's. collection.

The elongately petiolate areolet and very small size distinguish
this insect from any of the Palsearctic species, though perhaps it
may be placed near A. varipes, Holmg. (cf. Thorns. I.e. p. 329).

I have seen two specimens, one of which was taken by sweeping
Crotaluria striata.

Genus MESOCHORUS, Grav.

Mesochoms, Gravenhorst, Ichn. Europ. ii (1829), p. 960.

GENOTYPE, M. splendidulits, Grav.

A genus of fragile and usually very small insects, for the most
part of a luteous or flavescent coloration and often more or less
indefinitely marked with black, always strongly nitidulous, with
the abdomen strongly convex rather than laterally compressed ;
the females always have the terebra exserted and the males their
anal styles very prominent, rendering them liable to be mistaken
for the opposite sex. From the allied genera the position of the
junction between the anal nervure and first recurrent of the front
wing will serve to distinguish them in the present state of our
knowledge.

Range. North America, Europe, Sikkim, Assam, Burma.

Table of Species.

1 (2) Areolet sessile ; basal nervure post-

f urcal faciulis, Bridg., p. 518.

2 (1) Areolet petiolate ; basal nervure

continuous through the median.

3 (4) Stigma unicolorous stramineous;

thorax entirely pale frag*K», sp. "-, P- 519-

4 (3) Stigma hyaline 'at both extremities; [p. ol^.

thorax partly black claristigmaticus, sp. n.,

518 ICHNEU.MOMU.f-.

407. Mesochorus facialis, liridy.

Mesochorus facialis, Bridgman, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1884,
p. 431 ; Thomson, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1886, ]>. 343 (rf $).

d 2 . A small testaceous red species, with sparse markings
and the hind tibia) at both base and apex, black. Head testaceous,
with the mandibular apices, and sometimes the occiput, alone
black ; ocelli not large ; frontal orbits not white. Antennas with
the flagellum slender, filiform and infuscate. Thorax : mesonotum
entirely, or with two or three discal stripes, black ; metanotum

with its basal half black ;
areola exactly hexagonal, a
little longer than broad,
emitting the costulse from
its centre ; petiolar area
not extending to centre of
metathorax and basally
rounded. Scutellum with
no apical tubercle, testa-
ceous, with its frenum
black. Abdomen glabrous
and nitidulous, compressed
from base of third segment ;
Fig. 152.— Mesochorus f adults, Bridg. black, with base of first and

third segments, apical half

of second, and anus narrowly, testaceous ; postpetiole sometimes
distinctly aciculate, though usually glabrous and always with its
spiracles central ; second segment transverse and strongly dilated
apically ; terebra straight and somewhat slender, black, and as
long as the second segment ; <3 valvulae ttavous and elongately
exserted. Leys testaceous, with the hind femora subfulvidous ;
hind tibiae black at both base and apex, with the tarsi blackish
and the coxa? externally subinfuscate ; hind calcaria shorter than
half the metatarsus ; claws and pulvilli minute. Wings with the
areolet exactly quadrate, sessile and not broader than the length
of the recurrent nervure ; stigma infuscate ; lower basal nervure
very distinctly postfurcal ; radius regularly curved throughout ;
nervellus oblique, straight, and not intercepted.
Length 4-41 millim.

BENGAL : Pusa, Chapra (Mackenzie — Pusa coll.) ; ASSAM :
Sadiya (Ind. Miis.), Kbasi Hills (Pusa coll.). EUROPE.
Type in the Norwich Castle Museum.

The Indian examples I have seen differ from Bridgman's
description only in having the postpetiole aciculate ; specimens
from the same brood as the type, given me by Bignell, bear no
trace of aciculation. One of the former, too, has the mesonotum
entirely black.

This species has hitherto been known only from Britain,
Sweden, and Denmark. It is known to be hyperparasitic,
through the Braconid, Apanteles popularis, Hal., on Euclielia

XtESOCHOKUS. 519

L., in England, as stated by the Rev. T. A. Marshall
(• Bracouides d'Europe,' i, p. 476), and a male was bred at Pusa
from the Noctuid moth, Ophiusa melicerta. In the Calcutta
Museum are three males, together with some forty Apanteles
cocoons, whence they had emerged, on a leaf, labelled "Ichneumons
of Adolias yaruda," but with no locality.

408. Mesochorus fragilis, sp. u.

cf . A small, pale testaceous speeies, with the oeellar region
alone black : stigma unicolorous stramineous ; basal nervure
continuous through the median ; areolet subpetiolate.

Leiif/th 3| millim.

TEXASSERIM ( IF. Dol>erty}.

Type in the Indian Museum.

This species so closely resembles M.facialis in every particular
that I should certainly have considered it nothing but a pale
form, were it not that the basal nervure is quite continuous
through the median and the areolet somewhat distinctly less
sessile ; in coloration, however, it is altogether paler, having the
ocellar region alone black, with the thyridii of the second and
apex of the third segment slightly infuscate ; the second segment
is a little longer than broad, the hind tibiae are immaculate and
the stigma pale stramineous.

Described from a single male.

400. Mesochorus claristigniaticus, sp. n.

$ . A somewhat small, indefinitely black and testaceous species,
with the basal nervure continuous, the areolet subpetiolate and
the stigma basally hyaline. Head rufescent testaceous, with the
ocellar region and mandibular apices black ; ocelli not large, nor
the frontal orbits white. Auteiuui', slender, filiform and pale
throughout. Mesonotum finely punctate and testaceous, with its
sides subiuf uscate ; meso-and pro-pleura? and prosternum blackish,
with distinct sternauli ; metapleime black ; uietanotum clear red,
with the areola hexagonal, twice as long as broad, emitting the
costuUe distinctly before its centre, and gradually constricted
basally ; basal area wanting ; petiolar area not extending to
centre of metathorax, basally rounded and finely discrete ;
spiracles circular, not small, remote from the entire lateral carinse
and facing upwards. Scutellum testaceous and (apparently)
apically tuberculate. Abdomen glabrous and uitidulous, with the
slender basal segment subaciculate before its apex, and compressed
from the third segment ; rufescent testaceous, with the anus and
sides of the second and third segments dark ; basal segment a
little widened from the subpromineist spiracles, and the second
distinctly a little longer than apically broad ; terebra straight and
not slender, black and as long as the second segment. Legs
testaceous ; the anterior femora and tibiae, with the hind tibia?
(except their deep black apices), navescent ; hind calcaria exactly

520

half the length of the metatarsus ; claws and pulvilli minute.
Wings with areolet distinctly broader than high, subpetiolate and
about as broad as the length of the recurrent nervure ; stigraa
pale brunneous, with its base broadly, and apex very narrowly,
clear hyaline ; basal uervure continuous through the median ;
radius regularly curved throughout ; nervellus suboblique, straight
and not intercepted.

Length 4 mill i in.

SIKKIM : Darjiling, ix. OS (E. Brunctti).

Type in the Indian Museum.

The peculiar clarity of the stigma will at once distinguish this
species.

Described from a single female ; but Stebbing has more recently
bred a probably conspecih'c. but badly broken, individual from
an oak-feeding Lasiocauipid moth at Drobun in the United
Provinces.

Genus EDBISA, Cam.
Edrisa, Cauierou, Tijds. Eut. K>07, p. 111.

GEXOTYPE, E. piticvrnis, Cam.

Head with the clvpeus not discrete, ocelli not approximating
the eyes, temples broad and obliquely constricted, occiput rounded
inwardly. Antenna slender and elongate, shortly and densely
pilose. Thorax with no notauli, and sternauli extending to centre
of mesosternum ; metanotuin regularly areated, with the petiolar
area somewhat elongate-triangular and carinately connected with
the elongate-cordate areola : spiracles short-oval, about twice as-
long as broad. Scutellum circularly convex. Abdomen glabrous
and nitidulous : postpetiole subelongate and gradually widened
throughout, with the spiracles shortly but distinctly beyond the
centre of the excarinate basal segment ; terebra short and broad.
Legs with the tibia? spinose, and tarsal claws small and simple..
Areolet large and irregularly pentagonal, rhoraboidal and distinctly
narrowed in front, emitting the recurrent nervure at the apex of
its basal third ; basal nervure subcontinuous through the median ;
stigma gradually broadening towards the radial nervure, which is
emitted near its apex ; nervellus entire ; radial cell elongate,
narrow, extending to near apex of wing.

Range. Sikkim.

Its author says that this genus may be known from Jfaoetonct,
Grav., by the longer and narrowed radial cell and stigraa, by the
completely areated metanotuin, with its subelongate and not
circular spiracles. The h'rst of these characters is hardly generic,
the second is entirely shared with Mesochorus, and Holmgren says-
the spiracles are sometimes subovate in the latter; I have not
seen this genus and much doubt its distinction from Mesocliorus
as restricted by Thomson, since the shape of the areolet seem*
the only distinctive point.

EDRISA. 521

410. Edrisa pilicornis. Cam.

Edrisa pilicomis, Cameron, Tijds. Eiit. 1907, p. 112 ($).

$ . A pale testaceous species, with black markings. Head
pale, with the frons (except laterally), vertex and disc of occiput,
black ; face and clypeus strongly and closely punctate, with a
central longitudinal and apically dilated carina ; palpi and
mandibles pale and pilose, with the teeth black. Antennae, black.
Protliorax feebly and mesothorax more strongly and closely
punctate ; mesonotum black ; mesopleurse broadly glabrous in the
centre : rnetunotuni with ten area3, of which five are large and
apical, subrufescent, glabrous, with sparse pale pubescence and
the base punctate ; petiolar area broad, large and basally broadly
rounded. Scutellum basally black. Abdomen black, with the base
of the first segment ferrugineous, apical half and a quadrate spot
at base of the second pale flavous ; terebra one-fifth the length of
the body. Legs yellowish testaceous, with the hind ones sub-
rufescent ; base of hind tibia? narrowly, and their apices more
broadly black. Wings hyaline, with the nervures and stigma black.

Length 5 millim.

SIKKIM (Col. BingJiam).

ALPHABETICAL INDEX,

All names printed iu italics are synonyms.

When more than one reference is given, the page on which the description

occurs is indicated by thickened numerals.

abaddon (Xylonoimis),

albopictus (Cri/jjf uii), 106.

aiuiultpes (Mesoleptus),

79.

albopictus (Ophion). 370.

236.

Acaenitellus, 51.

albopilosa (Megatrema),

annulipes (Syzeuctus),

AOEXITIDES, 39.

304, 305.

236.

Acajnitus, 40.

(dbosiynatus (Bassiis),

annulipes (Tanera), 56,

accusator (Ichneumon),

278.

57.

240.

albovarius (Bassus), 277.

ANOMALIDES, 401.

acheron (Exochilum),

alecto (Acajnitus), 42.

Anomalon, 420.

412.

acheron (Orientothe

Allocamptus, 373, 380.
Alloplasta, 222.

anormis (Cryptodeiua),
312,313. *

roniu), 149.

alternans (Itoplectis),

antennatus (Tryphon),

Acaenites, 40.

169

325.

Agenora, 59.

alternans (Pimpla), 169.

apicale (Anomalon), 423.

agilis(Porizon), 510.

altius (Campoplex), 456.

apical is (Torbda), 65.

agraense (Limncria), 488.
agraense (Limneriinn),

amicta (Schizoloma),
404.

apicijjcn n is (Lissonota),

488.

a iiiictu in (Anomalon),

apicipennis (Pimpla), 119.

Agrypon, 424.
Aithris, 290.

404.

amictum ( Schizoloma),

apicipennis (Syzeuctus
balnchistanensis var.),

aitkini (Exockus), 302.

404.

240.

aitkeni (Triclistus), 302.

amictum (Therion), 404.

apollos ((Edematopsis),

albicalcar (Dioctes), 474.

amivfits (Ichneumon), 403,

50.

albicalcar (Seticornuta),

404.

apollyon (Pimpla), 165.

310.

mulct us (Ophion), 404.

Apoplma, 213.

albicincta (Exeristes),

ampla (Pimpla), 154.

apostafa (Aiigitia), 471.

196.
albicincttu (Bassua), 283.

amplus (Parabatus), 359.
Augicia, 496.

npostata (Campoplex),
471.

albidus (Ichneumon),

Anilasta, 493.

apostata (Dioctes), 471.

480.

Anilastus, 493.

rippeiuUculans (Pintpla),

alblpes (Euruprocius),

annulicornis (Epir/ii/ssa),

127.

321.

80.

appendicularis (Xautho-

albitarsis (Eujjalta), 72.

annulicoruis (Eury-

pimpla), 127.

albitarsis (Tilgida), 317,

proctus), 321.

appendiculata (Xantho-

318.

an n nlicorn is ( Foray a),

piinpla), 139.

albobalteata (Philo-

321.

appcndicnlatus(Exochu,s'),

psyche), 194.

annulicornis (Xylono-

299.

albomaculata (Cteno-

imis), 80.

appendiculatus (Poly-

piuipla), 231.
albopicta (Lissopimpla),

annulipes (Charito-
pimpla), 194.

clistus), 299.
arctica (Pimpla), 160.

106.

ifitniilipe* (Liiiineriiim),

vreolata (Theronia), 141.

albopicta (Pimplu), 106.

482.

areolatus (liassus), 287.

524

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

areolatus (Ciiltrarius),

binghami (Campoplex),

carinifrons (Epirhyssa),

272.

450.

89.

areolatus (Ophion). 300.

binghami (Lissonota),

carinifrons (Exeristes),

argenteopilosa (Diodes),

229.

202.

473.

binghami (Xantho-

carin'frons (Hemigas-ter)^

argentcr>pilosn*(7,(tp(iru8\
473.

pimpla). 133.
bipartite (Pimpla), 190.

36.

carinifrons (Pimpla),

aria na ( Eryth ropimpla \

bipartite (Khyssa). 190.

202.

192.

biumbratus (Acienitus).

cariniscutis (Delopia),

arinna (Ilemipiinpla),

44.

468.

192.

biumbratus (Stauropo-

cariniscutis (Tarytia),

ariana (Pimpla), 192.

doctonus). 377.

504.

armillatus (Banchus),

Boloderma. 54.

Casinaria, 476.

254.

bombvcivorus (Ophion),

caudata (Diaparsis), 514.

Art hula, 37.

375".

Cephalobolus, 444.

asiaticus (Ophion), 309.

Bwmina, 438.

cera (Xanthopimpla),

Astiphromma, 510.

brachypterum (Ano-

134.

Astiphrommits, 510.

maion), 421.

cerinops (Anomalon),

atalanta- (Theronia). 140.

brevicauda (Lissonota),

420.

atrata (Casinaria), 476.

225.

cei/lonica (Limncria),

atrator (Ichneumon), 244.

brevicornis (Pimpla),

^491.

atratum (Limneriitm),

172.

ceylonica (Pimpla), 124.

470.

bnmneciontis (A'aiitho-

cevlonica (Polyspliincta).

atricornis (Henicospilus),

pimpla), 124.

207.

391.

brunneocornis (Arthula),

cevlonirum (Limnerium)^

aulicus (Tryphon), 328.

37, 38.

491.

auriculatus (Ichneumon),

buddha (Campoplex),

cei/lon icits (Enicospilus),

338, 339.

402.

'382.

auriculatus (Scolobates),

buddha (Limneria), 482.

ceylonicus (Henicospilus),

339.

buddha (Limnerium),

382.

482.

cei/lon icits ( Pan iscus) ,349.

charitopimpla, 195.

Saliena, 66.

Charops, 435,

baluchifte nensis (L isso-

cadmus (Boloderma), 55.

chelonia (Pimpla), 103.

nota), 239.

Ca-nopimpla, 208.

Chreusa, 31.

baluchistanensis (Svzeuc-

c8erulescens(Xylonoinus),

Chrysopimpla, 97.

tus), 239.

82.

Cidaphurus, 253.

BANCHIDKS, 242.

eaffra(Hemipimpla), 180,

cinctipes (Exetastes),

Banchus. 253.

189.

244.

barbarica (Tetragonalvs),

calcator (Heteropeluaa),

cinctipes (Ichneumon).

359, 360.

405, 406.

243, 244.

barbaricum (Exocliiluw),

cali-ator (Heteioptlma)

cinctus (Bazsiis), 283.

409.

(Anomalon), 40ti.

cinctus (Homocidus),

Barylypa, 415.

calcitrator (Pachvmerus*),

283.

basimacula (Tarytia),

45.

duct tin (Homoporus), 28J5.

502, 505.

Calliephiultei, 85.

cingulator (Hypo-

BASSIDES, 274.

calttemnis (Campoplex).

crypt us), 319.

Bassus, 275.

458.

circumflex it m (Anomah»i)r

Bathymeris, 75.

CAMPOPLEGIDES, 433.

410."

bicarinata (Nothaima),

Campoplex, 435, 447.

circumflexuui (Exo-

309.

canadensis (Prionopoda),

chilum), 410.

bicarinata (Pimpla), 153.

339.

etfCHmftextU ( Anomah>n),

bicarinata (Sitssaba),

Capua- (1'iiTtodisetus),

410.

288.

220.

circu in flex «.-• ( L-h tie it mvn ),

bicarinatus (Ophion),

carinata (Apophua), 213,

408,410.

367.

215.

circit,»flf.fits (Ophion),

bilineata < Habropiinpla),
104, 105.

carinatus (O]»hion), 3(>8.
carinil'rons (Anomalon).

4io!

claripeiitiis (Lis&otiota).

bilineata. (Pimpla). 103.

421.

235.

binghami Anomalon),

carinifrons ( Campoplex),

claripennis (Syzeuctus),

424.

459.

235.

ALPHABETICAL, INDEX.

525

•claristigmaticus (Meso-

curvimaculaia (Pimpla),

elizabethse (Xylonotnus),

chorus), 519.

113.

80.

Clatha, 427.

Ctenacme, 335.

empusa (Tarytia),

clathrata (Theronia),

Ctenacmus, 335.

504.

141.

Ctenopimpla, 231.

enecator (Ichneumon),

clavator (Exetastes), 244.

Ctenotoma, 25.

428.

clavator (Ichneumon),1±±.
clavator (Ophion), 244.

cyanea (Pimpla), 162.
Cymatoneura, 373.

Enicospilus, 380.
ENTOMOPUAOA, 16.

clotho (Bassus), 281.

Cyphama, 331.

Ephialtes, 177.

«lotho (Thymaris), 53-

cytseis (Campoplex),

Epirhyssa, 87.

clt/pcalis ( Limner turn),

454.

Epiunis, 172.

479

Eponites, 258.

Coleocentrus, 47.

Eradha, 273.

•collinitM (Limner iuni),

dasych tree ( En icospilus) ,

erebus (Epiurus), 176.

478.

394.

erelnis (Pimpla), 176.

collintis (Sinophorus),

dasychirse (Henico-

Erioborus, 469.

478.

spilus), 394.

erythrocera (Barvlypa),

•Collyria, 45.

debilis (J)ioctes), 473.

419.

Colpotrochia, 305.

decipieus (Campoplex),

erythrocerus (Pleuro-

compressus (Syzeiictus),

435.

neurophion), 373.

234.

decorum (Anomalon),

erytlirogaster (Charops),

confusus (Campoplex),

422.

437.

461.

dcletus (Bcissus), 279.

Erythropimpla, 186.

continua (Pimpla), 100.
^ornutus (Aithris), 290,

Delopia, 468.
dentatus (Ophion), 366.

erythropus (Exochus),
300.

291.

depla n at us ( Bassus) ,

erythropus (Limncrium),

coronellus (Exochus),

285.

486.

296.

desviynesii (Bassus),

erythropus (Polyclistus),

-corypha3US(PhytodiietiiB),
218, 219.

284.
diabolus (Exochilum),

300.
Erythrotheronia, 149.

coryplxeus (Phytodict its'),

413.

Eugalta, 70.

219.

Diaparsis, 514.

Eulimncria, 480.

era ssicornis ( Exochus) ,

Diaparsus, 514.

Euryproctus, 320.

308, 309.

dimidiatus (Bassus),

Exacrodus, 330.

crassicornis (Hyperac-

286.

Cxa/ninator (Crypt us),

m us), 309.

dimidiatus (Homocidus),

163.

crassifemur (Etilimnerid),

286.

cxa initiator (Pimpla),

48">.

dimidiatus (Homoporus),

163.

crassi femur (Limneria),

286.

excavator (Pimpla),

485.

d,imidiatus (Ichneumon),

103.

crassi femur (Limuerium),

286.

excitator (Ichneumon),

485.

dimidiatus (Triclistus),

47.

crassipes (Scallama),

301.

Exeristes, 195.

264.

Dioctes, 470.

Exetastes, 243.

crassitarsus (Scololates),

dominans (Charope),

EXOCIIIDES, 289.

339.

435.

Exochilum, 408.

•crassus (Ephialtes),

dominans (Porizon).

Exochus, 293.

181.

435.

exultans (Bassus), 283.

crassus (Henicospilus),

dubitator (Ichneumon),

395.

40.

CltKMASTIDES, 497.

Dyspetes, 323.

facialis (Mesochorus),

Creuiastus, 498.

518.

cruentata (Megastylus),

fasciata (Hemigaster), 34,

341.

ebeuina (Anilasta), 494.

35.

CliYI'TIN.E, 21.

cbcninus (Campoplex),

fasciata (Xanthopimpla),

Crvptodema, 312.
Cu'ltrarius, 270.

493, 494.
Echthromorpha, 97.

121.

fasciatus (Hemigaster),

-curvicarinatus (Exochus),
303.

Echtlirus, 60.
Edrisa, 520.

35.
femorata (Torbda), 63.

•curvicarinatus (Triclis-

elegantulus (Ichneumon),

fenestralis (Angitia),

tus), 303.

305.

497.

526

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

fenestralis (Limneria),

flavus (Creraastus), 500.

generator (Opbion),

496, 497.

flavus (Pattrotexi#), 500.

371.

ferrugineus (Macro-

foliutor (Bavsue), 397.

geniculata (Torbda), 61,

gaster), 29.

f'oliator (Ichneumon),

63.

ferrugineus (Paiiij-ctts),

398.

ffiqautciiiK (An&inulon),

350.

foliator (Kototracbys).

'410.

festii-iis (Bassus), 287.

397, 398.

glabratu-i (Henico-

288.

foliatw (0/>hian), 397.

spilus horsfieldi var.\

filicorn in (Ichneumon ),

fofiator ( Trachynotus),

395.

315.

398.

Glypta, 210.

JUicornis (Mcxotcp/us),
315.

fonricator (Banchus),
250.

Glyptopimpla. 209.
gracilipes (Collyria), 47.

filicornis (Perilissiis),

fornicator (Exetastes),

qracilipes (Pachynieri(g),

314, 315".

250.

47.

filicornis (Spanotecmtn),

fornicutor (Iclnnnnon'),

gracilis (Tlieronia),

315.

250.

143.

Fintona, 257.

fomiratoi' (Tryphon),

(iramiuellee (Ichneumon).

flaveolatuui (Ophion),

250.

' 163.

424.

forticarinatum (Lim-

grandipes (Acaenitus),

flavicaput (Exochus), 297.

nerium), 483.

41.

flavicaput(Heiiicospilus),

Fovaya, 320.

gi^avipes (Icbneumoii),

384.

foreata (Stictolissonota),

293.

flavicornis (Olesicampa),

216. 217.

green i ( Campoplex),

479.

fragilis (Mesocborus),

458.

flavicoxis (Pimpla}, 163.

519.

greeni (Lissonota). 230.

flavinotum (Exochus).

frenator (Bassits), 285.

298.

i'ulgidipennis (Torbda),

flavipalpis (Chryto-

65.

Habropivnpla, 104.

pimpla), 221.

fuli'ictirne (Scfiizoloma),

bariolus (Heuicos-pilus),

flavipalpis (Exeristes),

403.

387.

2UO.

fulvicornis (Scbizoloina),

Helictes. 341.

flavipalpis (Pimpla).

403.

Hem igaster, 34.

200.

fulvipennis (Rhvssa),

HEMIOASTRIDES, 24.

ftavipes(Glypta).2n.
flavipes (Lissotheronia),
145.

93.

fulvipes (Chreusa), 31,

Heiuipimpla, 186.
Henicospilus, 380.
Heteropelma, 405.

flavobalteata (Epirhrssa).

fulvipes (Pyracmon),

bimnlayense (Liin-

88.

4(iO.

neriilm), 488.

flavobalteatus (Cul-

fulvitarsf- (Hf/crapchna),

himalayeiisis (Campo-

trarius), 270.

407.

plex), 460.

flavolineata (Erytbru-

falvitanM (Iletero-

himalaj-ensis (Pimpla),

theronia), 140, 150.

pelma), 407.

164.

flavolineatus (Basstis),

fulviventris(Ie]ineuiuon),

birtieeps (Agenora), 59.

278.

478.

Hoinocidiis, 282.

flavolineatus (Paniscus),

fnh'tts (Ichneumon), 365.

Hoiitoporttx, 282.

355.

fufcicnrpiis (Kulimiieria),

Hoiiuitropus. 282.

fluvolineatzts (Paro-

482.

Jwnorata (Pi-mpfa),

pheltes), 347, 35;..

fuscica rpns (Limn eria)

134.

flavomaculatus (Ban-

482.

bonorata (Xantlio-

chus), 255.

fuscicarpus (Liinnerium),

pirapla), 134.

flavomacidatus (Cida-

482.

horsjielJi (En ifOt<ji>7/(i<).

phurus), 255.

fuscipalpis (Campoplex),

394.

flavo-orbitalis (Xnto-

450.

liorsfieldi (Henicosuilu^),

traclius), 399.

fiiscoiiiaculatii8(Opbion),

394.

flavo-orbitalis (Tarvtia),

3fil».

bostilis (Porizon), 512.

506.

fnsiformis (Mctopius\

bvalinipennis (Ljtar-

flavoscutis (CJiarito-

268.

mes), 96.

pimpla), 198.

Hylvphancs, 49.

flavoscutis (Exeriftes),

Hymenobosinina. 438.

198.

gen-era fo}' (Ichneumon),

H'YMEXOITEUA, 18.

/or/w (Ba.-siit), 284.

371.

Hyperacmus. 308.

ALPHABETICAL 1XDEX.

527

hyperbot-cKS (Vassiit<),

iridipennia (Epbialtes),

Lissopimpla, 106.

283.

182.

Lissotheronia, 145.

Ilypocryptus, 319.

iridipennis (Theronia),
142.

longicoxis (Letosha), 341.
longicoxis (Megastylus),

Itoplectis, 169.

341.

ICHNEUMONID.K, 18.

longipes (Bathmeris), 75.

ICHNEUMONIN.E, 22.
ICHNEU.MONOIDEA, 16.

kandiensis (Xantho-
pimpla), 123.

longipes (Campoplexj,

Icyona, 333.
Idechthis, 492.

kandi/cnsis (Xantho-
pimpla), 123.

longipes (Clatha), 427,
428.

ittusor (Exctasti-f), 247.

kash inirensiis ( Pa n incus) ,

long it a rtis (Paniscus,

innnaculata (Xantho-

356.

352.

pimpla), 115.
indica (Limncria), 487.

kliasiuna (Pimpla), 135.
khasiana (Xantho-

longivcn/re (Limiierhr,,i\
485. »

indicum (Limnerium),

pimpla), 135.

longiventris (Ephialtes),

487.

kriegeriana (Xantho-

185.

indicus (S<t88U8), 284.

pimpla), 128.

lucifer (Exetastes), 248.

indicus (Campoplex),

lutea (Chrensa), 33.

452, 463.

Labrossyta, 327.

lutea (Joppa), 365.

individiuis (Oriento-

Labrossutus, 327.

luteus (Ichneumon), 352,

spilus), 378.

lachesis"(Epb.ialtes), 180.

363, 365.

iudra (Pimpla), 161.
indubia (Pimpla), 137.

latetoriiis (Anomalon),
276.

luteus (Macrogaster), 30.
luteus (Ophion), 365.

indubia (Trophocampa),

hetatorius (Bassus), 276.

Lytarmes, 94.

475.

Idtatorhts (Ichneumon),

indubia (Xanthopimpla),

275, 276.

137.

Isctiventris (Pimpla), 168.

Macrogaster, 25.

inflexus (Aliocamplus),

Iteva (Echfhromorpha),

Macrus, 47.

375.

100.

maculator (Ichneumon)

infumatus (Campoplex),

hcvis (Paniscus), 348.

169.

459.

Lampronota, 240.

macitlatorius (Ichneu-

Inoresa, 305.

laothoe (Pimpla), 158.

mon), 234.

inquinatus (Campoplex),

La-pa-phras, 327.

rnacnlicornis (Epirliyssa),

454.

lappon ica (Pimpla), 160.

89.

insidiator (Echthro-

lapponicus (Campoplex).

mac-tili front (Xantho-

morpha), 99.

458.

pimpla), 121.

insidiator (Pimpla). 99.
insignia (liazsus), 284.

lar (Metopius), 266.
latemlis (Sasnus), 283.

macnlipennis (Lytarmes),
94, 95.

insignis (Zachresta), 465.

lateralis (Homoporus),

macnlipennis (Spi/n-

instigator (Ichneumon),

283.

phicn), 376.

lol, 156.

latiannulatus (Ephialtes),

maculipennis (Torbda),

instigator (Pimpla), 156.

185.

64.

intermedia (Pimpla),

latifoveata (Pimpla), 166.

maculipes (Oriento-

156.

latisulcata (P'rnphi), 153.

theronia), 148.

intermedius (Paniscus),

Icpcha (Pimpla), 116.

niaculiseutis (Echtlirus).

349.

lepida (Lissonota), 227.

60.

interrupter (Cremastus),

leptoaaxtcr (Anomalon),

Magnibucca, 414.

498.

423.

iiiajalis (Campoplex).

iuterstitialis (Barylypa),

leptopus (Baliena), 69.

497.

417.

Letosha, 341.

inalayanus (Plcitroncitro-

in terst itialis ( Pa n iscus) ,

leucostoma (Charito-

phion), 374.

358.

pimpla), 199.

mandibularis (Soamina),

intricator (Pimpla), 103.

lencostoma (Exeristes),

441.

intricatoria (Echthro-

199.

mandibularis (Hvmeno-

morpha), 103.

JAmneria, 480.

bosmina), 441. "

intricatoria (Pimpla),

Limnerium, 480.

inanife.stator (Ichneu-

103.

linearis (Engalta), 73.

mon), 177.

in tricatorius ( Cryptus),

lineatus (Panisous), 352.

mansuetor (Ichneumon),

97, 103.

lineipes (Epiunis), 175.

298.

intricatoriits(Ichnemnon),

Lissonota, 224.

inarqinicottls (Pristo-

103.

LISSONOTIDES, 215.

meridia), 508.

-528

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

marginicollis (Pristo-

mussoio'iciisc (Anouialoii >.

notulatoria var. immacur-

merus), 508.

410.

lata (Echt/iromorpha),

niaskeliyjxj (Theronia)

100.

144. *

notulaforius ( Cri/ptus\

niegasra (Phytodiie-

naenia (Xanthopimpla),

100.

loides), 221.

115.

novitius (Campoplex),

Me-astylus, 341.

nemoralis (Bassus), 278.

450.

Megatrema, 304.

m- mo ml is (Ichneumon),

nox (Agrypou), 42.">.

iiictaiinria (Limnerta),

320.

nox (Banchus), 255.

494.

Xcobosmina, 438.

uoxiosus (Cremastus),

im-lanarins (C(tmpoplex~),

Neopiiiipla, 208.

501.

494.

nepe (Pimpla), 159.

nursei (Campoplex), 461.

titi'/Hiiocarpus (Eitiscos-

neustriae (Ichneumon),

nursei (Epiurus), 174.

pi/iis), 390.

331.

nursei (Glypta), 211.

melanocarpus (Henicos-
pilus), 390.

iiiger (Cyphaiiza), 333.
niger (Monoblastus), 333.

nursei (Pimpla), 174.
nursei (Xantbopimpla),

melanosoma (Oolpo-

nigricans (Macrogaster),

121.

trocbia), 360.

27.

nutritor (Ophion), 514.

merilarius (En icospilus),
389.

nigricans (Trichomina),
429.

merdarius (Heuicos-
pilus), 389.

nigriceps (Labrossyta),

obtusus (Charops), 436.
ocellaris (Paniscus), 350.

iiif-rdarim (Ophion),

niyriceps (Lapaphras),

octoguttata (Lisso-

389.

'327.

pimpla. 106.

nieridionalis (Porizon),

nigrieollis (EugaJta), 69.

ocularia (Parca), 361.

513.

nigricollis(Pseudeugalta),

(Erlernatopsis, 4l>

MESOCIIORIDES, 515.

69.

(Edemopsis, 49

Mesocliorus, 517.

nigrina (Glypta), 211.

(Edimopsis, 49.

Mesnleius, 328.

nigripalpis (Fintona),

Olesicampa, 478.

niesoxanthus (Trypbon),

257.

Olesicampe, 478.

336.

nigripes (Exetastes),

oli/nthia (Erythropinipta),

Metacoelits, 298.

247.

'189.

Metanomalon, 431.

nigritarsis (Ephialtes),

oli/iithia (Pimpla), 189.

METOPIIDES, 262.

179.

Ophion, 363.

.metopiiformis'(Apophua),

nigriventris (Paniscus),

OlMIIOMDES, 362.

214.

349.

OPIIIONIN.E, 21, 343.

Metopius 265.

nigrobaltcata (Epirhyssa),

orbitale (Exochilum),

Meyva, 232.

88.

411.

micralorius(Icbneuuion),

nigrobalteata (Theronia),

orbitalis (Heteropelma),

265.

142.

407.

minimus (Campoplex),

nigromaculata (Tarytia),

orientalis (Bassus), 280.

453.

503.

orientalis (Heuicospilus),

minuenta (Lissonota),

nigromaculata (Zach-

393.

228.

resta), 465.

orientalis (Itoplectis),

minuta (Xantho-

nigromaculatus (Ephi-

171.

pimpla), 132.

altes), 179.

orientalis (Monoblastus),

Mioplmtnus, 204.
•mollerii (Coleocentrus),

nigromacnlatus (Mio-
pbatnus), 204, 205.

332.

orientalis (Paniscus),

48.

nigronotatiis (Enicos-

355.

moloch (Pseudeugalta),

'pilus), 383.

orientalis (Stauropo-

68.

nigroscutis ( Char if o-

d-.jctonus), 376.

Monoblastus, 331.

pimpla), 200.

orientalis (Xantho-

montanus (Paniscus),

nigroscutis (Exerisles),

campoplex), 445.

356.

200.

Orientospilus, 378.

mornsa (Limner ia], 491.

nitidus (Exetastes).

Orientotheronia, 146.

moriisum (Limneriuni),

249.

ornatipea(Chrysopimpla),

491.

Xothaima, 303.

100.

iiiormn (Liosonota),

NOTRACIKDES, 397.

ornatipes (Echthro-

•J30.

Nototrachys, 397.

morpha), 100.

multicolor (Bassus), 279.

notulai <iria ( Echthro-

ornatipes (Epirhyssa),

murma( Lissonota), 222.

morpha), 100.

90.

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

520

ornatus (Basils}, 285.

l>cr.<n«tnriux (Icfmrti //ton),

priuia CGlyptopimpla),

ornatus (Homocidus),

92.

210.

285.

peshi liens is ( Opltioii), 369.

PllISTOMKHIDES, 507.

oritaftiK ( Hniiioporiiti},

postii'er (Oremastus),

Pristomeridia. 510.

285.

499.

Pristomerus, 507.

oscillator! it* (Krr/nxffs).
244.

petiolata (Astipbromma),
510.

iii'iH-1'fit'nnii'ft ( Pi HI /tin),
156.

nsculatorins (Ichneumon),
244.

Philopsycbe, 194.
Pbytocliaetoides, 221.

productor (Trichomma)
431.

Pliytodifctus, 218.

Promcthes, 287.

Phyfodipfiis, 218.

Pi-ometbus. 287.

Po'-Jijimcrus, 45.
pallic'lifrons (Triclistus).

•pic/ its (liassits), 286.
pic/us (Homoporii-s), 286.

proximus (Campoplex),
449.

304.

i)ilinornis (Edrisa), 520,

prytanes (Campoplox),

pallidipes (Ctenarme),

521.

458.

335.

pilosa (Alloplasta), 223.

Pseudetigalta, 6G.

pallidipes (Porizon), 512.

pilosa (Colpotrocbia),

pngillato!1 (Ichneumon),

ptiUifXs (Panroc(enitii),

307.

447.

335.

pilosa (Ii/oresa), 307.

pulcliella (Exeristes),

pallipes (Pori~on). 512.

pilosa ( Trichopimpla),

201.

PANISCIDKS, 345.

223.

piOeheUn* (Basalts), 284,

Paniseus, 347.

pilosella (Barylypa),

288.

Parabatus, 357.

416.

puk'hellus (Prometlnis).

Parra, 361.

piloHella (Hymeno-

288.

pavca (Exoehus), 296.

bosmina). 441.

pulchricornis (Thy-

i>ardalis (Xaiithonimpln),

piJoscUn (Neobosmina),

maris), 52.

126.

441.

pulchrimaculata (Ex-

Parophelles, 347.

Pimpla, 151.

eristes), 203.

parva (Xantbopimpla),

PlMI'LIDES, 83.

pulcJirimaculdfa (Pim*

132.

PIMI-UX.E, 20, 22.

pla), 203.

parvicarinatmu (Lim-

planm (Bassus), 286.

pulcbripes (Metopins),

ncriiim), 490.

Pleuroneuropbion, 372.

267.

parvipes (Oepbalobolus),

pluto (Ehimphoctona),

punctata (Pimpla), 108,

444.

4(57.

121, 125, 127, 174.

Pauroctenus, 335.
Ptmrolexis, 498.

podagricus (Ex<icbns),

punctata (Xantlio-
pimpla), 124.

pedator (Ichneumon), 116.

poexia (Pimpla}, 156.

nu/ictafus (Ichneumon},

pedatur (Pimpla), 116.

polienclum (Metano-

124.

pedator (Xantbopimpla),

malon),43],432.

piinctulata (Kitgal/d),

1 16.

Polyclistus, 298.

69.

Peltasie*; 265.

polypori (AcnMiitellus),

piinctulata (Pseudeu-

perrontatorius (Ichnen-

51.

galta), 69.

mon), 205.

Polysphincta, 205.

punpens (Henirospilus),

perditor (Campoplex),

])olyspila (Xantbo-

384.

451.

pimpla). 138.

pwngens (OpJiion}, .'584.

perjiila (Anilatta), 469.

populane (Exarrodus),

piirpureotinctns (Cul-

perftfut ( Campople.r),

330.

trarius), 271.

469.

Porizon, 512.

perlidus (Erioborus),

POUIZONIDES, 511.

1 469.

prascatori us (Ichneumon),

quadrilineatus (Panis-

Perilissus, 314.

76.

eus), 354.

persimilis ( Ch ryso-

prtcrogator (Dyspetes).

quettaense (Limnerium).

pititplu), 102.

324.

483.

persimilis (Echthro-

prarogator (Di/spetus),

quettaensis (Ophion).

inorpba), 102.

324.

371.

perspicillator (Anoina-
lon), 415.

prceroga lor ( Ichneumon),
323, 324.

quintana (Lampronota),
241.

persua?oria (Icbneumon),

prteroffator (Mesoleius),

91.

324.

persuasoria (Pimpla), 92.

prteroqafor ( Tn/plion),

ram itJu IKK (Icliii eii mon}.

persuasoria (Rhyssa), 92.

324.

410.
2M

530

ALPHABETICAL INDEX.

regina (Xanthopiuipla),

Scallama, 263.

spinosa (Eugalta), 6b»

118.

Scbizoloraa, 403.

67.

reluctator (Ichneumon),

Scolobates, 338.

spincsa (Pseudeugalta),

60.

scotopterus(Ichneumon),

67.

renovatum (Limnerium),

327.

splendidulus (MeBOcho-

486.

:;cutellaris (Eponites),

rus), 517.

renovatus (Paniscus),

260.

spiiria (Pimpla), 160.

354.

scutellatus (Mesochorus),

ktauropoctmnis, 375.

reliculatiim (Hetero-

516.

Stauropodoctonus, 375.

petma), 406.

scutellatus (Polvblastus).

Stictolissonata. 216.

reticulatus (Campoplex),

335.

striara (Idechthis), 492.

463.

pcutellatus (Xanthex-

striata (Tranotxma), 492.

rrtinttatu* (EatCOepStU),

ochus), 292. 293.

striata fTrathala\ 442,

379, 388.

secunda (Pristomeridia),

443.

reticulatus (Henicospi-

510.

striatus (Enicospilus),

lus), 388.

semipunctata (Rhvssa),

392.

reticulatus (Noto(rachys),

10(5.

striatus (Henicospilus),

400.

serotinus (Sphinctus),

392.

reticulatus (Oriento-

273.

strigipfeuris (Pimpla),

spilus), 379.

Seticornuta, 310.

1(53.

Rhimphoctona, 406.

sexlirieata (Xanthopim-

strigosa (Eugalta), 70,

Rhorus, 336.

pla), 129.

71.

Rhyssa, 91.

signator (Tryphon), 325.

sulcator (Bassus), 287,

RhyzsoHota. 87.

sikkimensis (Ituplectis),

288.

rileyi (Metopius), 270

172.

sulcator (Fromethus),

roborator (Pimpla), 195.

iikkimensis (Pimpta),

287.

rufescens (Oriento-

172.

sulphurifera (Lissonola),

theronia), 146.

sikkimensis (Xantho-

224.

ruficeps (Trichiothecus},

pimpla), 131.

sumptuosus (Campo-

190.

simlaen8is(Anilasta), 495.

plex), 464.

rufirollis (Csenopimpla),

simlaensis (Campoplex),

Sussaba, 287.

208, 209.

453.

Syzeuctus, 234.

rufic-ornis (Eponiles),

simlafiisis (Limner ia^,

258, 259.

495.

rufipennis (Macrogaster),

Siuophorus, 477.

Tanera, 56.

25?

sinuatus (Allocamptus),

taprobanae (Pimpla),

rufipes (Icvons), 333,

374.

155.

334.

soleata (Xanthopiuipla),

taprobanica (Xantho-

ntfipcs (Listommpbti,

ll'U.

piuipla), 129.

106.

speciosa (Epirhyssa), 87.

taprobanicum (Limne-

rufipes (Tegona), 251,

speeiosus (Campoplex),

rium), 489.

252.

465.

tarsator (Exetastes), 244.

rufolineata (Barylypa),

fpecfmm (Sirex), 156.

tarsa/or (Ophion), 244.

417.

8PIIINCTIDIS, 272.

tarsator (Tryphon), 244.

rufo-orbitalis (Nototra-

Sphinctus, 273.

t.arBatoriu8('Bassu8),282.

'chus), 399.

snilaiiotus (Eiiiscospilitii),

283.

rvftts (Enicospilus)

392.

tarsatorius (Homocidus),

'(Ophion), 385.

spilonotus(Henicospilus),

283.

rufus (Henicospilus),

392.

tanatoritu (Homoporiis),

385.

Spilophim, 375.

284.

rufus (Metopius), 269.
rvfus(Ophion), 385.

spilopus(Lissonota), 227.
spilontoma ( Tranoxema),

tartarus (Xvlonouius),
78.

rugosa (Hemipimpla),

492.

Tarytia, 502.

190.

»pini.pes (Bosmina), 438,

Tegona, 251.

ruqosus (Ichneumon),
'190.

439.
spinipes (Euryproctus),

teres (Glypta), 210.
testacea (F.i-ythropimpla),

rugoms (Sphex), 190.

323.

188.

spinipes (Fovaya), 323.

testacea (Hemipimpla),

satanus (Epiurus), 173.
scabriculus (Tryphon),

spinipes (Hymenobos-
mina), 439.

188.
testacea (Magnibucca),

49.

epinipes (Rhorus), 337.

414.

ALPHABETICAL IXDEX.

testaceicoruis (Meso-

trochanterata (Dioctes),

virgalum (Ophion), 358.

leptus), 319.
testaceus (Ophion), 352.

470, 471.
Trophocampa, 475.

virgatus (Ichneumon ),
357,358.

testaceus (Paniscus;, 347,
352.

Tryphon, 325.
TKYIMIONIDES, 311.

virgatus (Paniscus), 358.
Tirgatus (Parabatus),

testaceus (Pristomerus),

Tim'iioNiN.E, 20, 261.

358.

509.

testaceus (Scolobates),

1 nbcrculatus ( Euryproc-
lus), 321.

vittata (Eugnlla), 74.
T-maculata (Lissonota),

339.

turionetta (Crypt us), 163.

229.

tesfaceus Tar. occllaris

turioneUcB (Ichneumon),

vnlcns (Limner/a), 485.

(Paniscus), 350.

163.

volens (Limnerinm, 485.

Tetragonalys, 359.

turionellfe (Pimpla), 103.

Tolulatorius (Ichneu-

Theronia, 140.

tyrannus (Campoplex),

mon), 253.

thuringiacus (Sinopho-

457.

Tulgaris (Dioctes), 472.

rus), 477.

Tiilnerator (Ichneumon),

Thyrnaris, 52.
Thymarus, 52.

tindulatus (Ophion), 373.
unicolor (Paniscus), 354.

rt^m '
507.

tibialis (Exeriste*), 198.

unifasciatus (Collyria),

tibialis (Xonthopimpla),

46.

wahlbergi (Mesoleius),

124.

unifasciatus (Pachi/-

329.

tigris (Xanthopimpla),

merus), 46.

wall Iberaii ( Mrsnlchtx),

113.

unilineatus (Enicospilus),

329.

Tilgida, 317.

386.

tinctipenne (Anomalon),

nnilineatus (Henicospi-

422.

lus), 383.

Xanthexochus, 292.

tinctipennis (Ephialtes),

nniTittatus (Henicospi-

Xanthocampoplex, 445.

184.

lus), 383.

xanthocephalits (Enisco-

tisiphone (Agrypon), 427-

univittatus (Ophion), 383.

pilns), 384.

tisiphone (Exetastes),

xaii/hoccphalns (Eniscos-

246.

vacittator (Ichneumon).

pilus), 389.

Torbda, 61.

190.

Xanthopimpla, 108.

TracJiynotus, 397.

Taricoxa (Anilasta), 496.

xanlhopus (Anomalon),

transversal is (Pimpla),

Taricoxa (Bassus), 278.

406.

122.

Tariistriatus (Nototra-

xanthopus (Exochus),

transTersalis (Xantho-

chys), 400.

294.

pimpla), 122.

Tarimaculata (Xantho-

xanthorius (Aca-nitus),

Trathala, 442.

pimpla), 114.

43.

triangularemaculalus

variornata (Barvlypa),

xanthosoma (Callie-

(Ophion), 372.

418.

phialtes), 86.

tricarinata (Glypta), 212.
trichiosoma (Eradha),

varipes (Macrogaster),
28.

xanthosloma ( Campoplex),
483.

273.

varipes (Scolohates), 277.

xanthotborax (Pimpla).

trichiosoma (Sphinctue),

varitarsc (Anomalon),

85.

273.

426.

Xenopimpla, 106.

Trichiothecus, 186.

varitarsis (Agri/pon), 426.

XORIIHDES, 57.

Trichomma, 428.

Taritarsum (Agrypon),

Xj-louomus, 76.

Trichopimpkt, 222.

426.

trichoptilus (Hymeno-

varitarsum (Anomalon),

bosmina), 440.

426.

Zachresta, 405.

tricincta (Pimpla), 169.

varitarsum Tar. riificoxis

zonatum (Campoplex),

tricinctus (Bassus), 278.

(Agrypon), 426.

455.

Triclistus, 300.

vcntulus (Bassus), 277.

zonatus (Campoplex),

tricolor, (Perilissus), 316.

vidua (Piinpla), 171.

455.

trifasciata (Pimpla), 119.

Tiduns (Campoplex), 476.

zanthoria (Lissonota),

trifasciata (Xanthopim-
pla), 119.

Tillosa(.Vleyva), 233.
vinulte (Ichneumon), 365.

238.
zanthorius (Syzeuctus),

trilineata (Scallama),

vinula (Ophion), 365.

238.

263.

Tio'.aceipennis (Torbda),

zeylanicus (Henicospilus

tripicticrus (Batsus), 277.

63.

atricornis var.), 392.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
KED LION COURT, FLEET STRKET.

PLATE 1.

Fig. 1. Accenting MMU&oriuf, Mori., p. 43.

2. Torbda fulgidipennis, Cam., p. 65.

3. Xylonomus elizabethce, Bingh., p. 80.

4. Epirhyssa maculicornis, Cam., p. 89.

5. Xanthopimpla tigris, Krieg., p. 113.

6. ffemipimpla ariana, Cam., p. 192.

7. Exeristes pulchella, Mori., p. 201.

8. Sphinctiig trichiosoma, Cam., p. 273.

9. Campoplex lapponicus, Holmg., p. 458.
10. Stauropodoctonus biumbratus, Mori., p. 37

ICHNEUMONIDAE. PART I

PLATE I

R. Stem-tern del.

Bale & Danielsson.L1."1 p.l.

UNIFORM WIT [I TttE PRESENT VOLUME.

The Fauna of British India,

including Ceylon and Burma.

Mammalia. By W. T. BLANFORD, F.E.S. Numerous illustrations. £1

Fishes : Vols. I. & II. By F. DAY, C.I.E., LL.D. „ „ £1 each.

Birds : Vols. I. & II. By E. W. GATES, F.Z.S. „ „ j Vol. I. £1. Vols.

Vols. III. & IV. By W. T. BLAXFORD, F.R.S. „ „ | II.-IV. 15s. each.

Reptilia and Batrachia. By G. A. BOULENGKR, F.R.S. ., ,, £1 .

Moths : Vols. I.-IV. By SIR G. F. HAMPSON, BART. „ „ £1 each.

Hymenoptera : Vols. I. & II. By Lt.-Col. C.T. BINGHAM. „ „ £1 each.

and 5 plates.

Arachnida. By R. I. POCOCK. Numerous illustrations. 10s.

Rhynchota : Vols. I.-V. By W. L. DISTANT. „ {

Butterflies : Vols. I. & II. By Lt.-Col. C. T. BINGHAM. „ „ £1 each.

and 20 plates.

Coleoptera : Vol. I. (Cerambycidee). By C. J. GAHAN. Numerous illustrations. 10s.
Vol. II. (Chrysomelidee). By M. JACOBY. „ „ £\.

and 2 plates.
(Lamellicornia) . Vol. I. By G. J. ABROW. Numerous illustrations

and 2 plates. 10#.

Mollusca (Testacellida and Zonitidee). By the late W. T. BLANFORD, F.R.S.,

and Lt.-Col. H. H. GODWIN-AUSTEN, F.R.S. Numerous illustrations. 10s.

Dermaptera ( Earwigs). Bv M. BURR, D.Sc., M.A., &c. „ „

and 10 plates. 10s.

Freshwater Sponges, &c. By N. ANNANDALE, D.Sc. Numerous illustrations

and 5 plates. 10s.

Coleoptera (Gen. Introd.. and Cicindelidce and Panssidce). By W. W. FOWLER,

M. A., D.Sc., >fec. Numerous illustrations. £1.

Diptera Nematocera (Excluding Chironomidce and CuKcidee). By E. BRUNETTI.

Numerous illustrations and 12 plates. £1.

Fauna of British India.

IN the "FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA" Series
a volume on the Ichrieumonidce by Mr. Claude Morley has
just been published.

The remaining volumes which the Editor. Dr. A. E.
Shipley, with the assistance of Mr. Guy A. K. Marshall, and
with the sanction of the Secretary of State for India, has
arranged for in this Series are : —

Volumes on Butterflies (Lyccenidw and
by Mr. H. H. Druce : on the CurculionidfK by Mr. G.
A. K. Marshall : on the Longicorn Beetles by Mr. C. J.
Gahan : on the Helicidce by Lieut.-Colonel H. H. Godwin-
Austen : on the Ixodida* and Arc/asidcp.by Mr. C. Warburton:
on leeches by Mr. W. A. Harding : on the Mi'lo'nin i>\
Professor Creighton Wellman : on the Bracliynrous ( '/•/>.•>•-
tacea by Lieut.-Colonel A. Alcock, M.D. : on the L'nionitlir
by Mr. H. B. Preston : and a final volume on the Rhynchota
by .Mr. W. L. Distant.

March 19J&

THT: LIBRARY

Y ; ( ALIFORNIA

- ANGELES

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY

Los Angeles
This book is DUE on the last date stamped below.

Form L9-25m-8,'46( 9852) 444

A 000285961