{PI l<*
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STATE OF ILLINOIS
DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION
FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director
DIVISION OF THE
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
M. M. LEIGHTON. Chief URBANA
SURVEY LIBfHRY
MAR 8 if|;6
REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS — No. 109
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1944
BY
Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevens
PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS
URBANA, ILLINOIS 1945
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
3 3051 00005 7400
STATE OF ILLINOIS
DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION
FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director
DIVISION OF THE
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief URBANA
REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS — No. 109
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1944
Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevexs
PRINTED BY AUTHORITY OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS
URBANA, ILLINOIS 1945
ORGANIZATION
STATE OF ILLINOIS
HON. DWIGHT H. GREEN, Governor
DEPARTMENT OF REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION HON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Director
BOARD OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND CONSERVATION
HON. FRANK G. THOMPSON, Chairman NORMAN L. BOWEN, D.Sc, LL.D., Geology ROGER ADAMS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Chemistry LOUIS R. HOWSON, C.E., Engineering CARL G. HARTMAN, Ph.D., Biology EZRA JACOB KRAUS, Ph.D., D.Sc, Forestry ARTHUR CUTTS WILLARD, D.Engr., L.L.D. President of the University of Illinois
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION
M. M. LEIGHTON, Chief
(5908— 3M— 10-45)
-L/C,
Y\£>
2/
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE
STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION
100 Natural Resources Building, Urbana
M. M. LEIGHTON, Ph.D., Chief
Enid Townley, M.S., Assistant to the Chief
Velda A. Millard, Junior Assl. to the Chief
Helen E. McMorris, Secretary to the Chief
Effie Hetishee, B.S., Geological Assistant
GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D.. Geologist in Charge
Pelrographer and Principal
Coal
G. H. Cady, Ph.D., Senior Geologist and Head
R. J. Helfinstine, M.S., Mech. Engineer
Charles C. Boley, M.S., Assoc. Mining Eng.
Bryan Parks, M.S., Assl. Geologist
Earle F. Taylor, M.S., Asst. Geologist (on leave)
Ralph F. Strete, A.M., Asst. Geologist
Robert M. Kosanke, M.A., Asst. Geologist
Robert W. Ellingwood. B.S., Asst. Geologist
George M. Wilson, M.S., Asst. Geologist
Jack A. Simon, B.S., Asst. Geologist
Arnold Eddings, B.A., Research Assistant (on leave)
Raymond Sieyer. B.S., Research Assistant (on leave)
John A. Harrison, B.S., Research Assistant (on leave)
Mary E. Barnes, B.S., Research Assistant
Margaret Parker, B.S., Research Assistant
Flo Nell Ozelsel, B.F.A., Technical Assistant
Oil and Gas
A. H. Bell, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Frederick Squires, B.S., Petroleum Engineer Stewart Folk, M.S., Assoc. Geologist (on leave; David H. Swann, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Virginia Kline, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Paul G. Luckhardt, M.S., Asst. Geologist (on leave) Wayne F. Meents, ^.55/. Geologist James S. Yolton, M.S. Asst. Geologist Margaret Sands, B.S., Research Assistant
Industrial Minerals
J. E. Lamar, B.S., Geologist and Head Robert M. Grogan, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Robert T. Anderson, M.A., Asst. Physicist Robert R. Reynolds, M.S., Asst. Geologist
Clay Resources and Clay Mineral Technology
Ralph E. Grim, Ph.D., Pelrographer and Head Richards A. Rowland, Ph.D., Asst. Pelrographer
(on leave) William A. White, B.S., Research Assistant
Groundwater Geology and Geophysical Exploration
Carl A. Bays, Ph.D., Geologist and Engineer, and Head
Robert R. Storm, A.B., Assoc. Geologist
Arnold C. Mason, B.S., Assoc. Geologist (on leave 1
Merlyn B. Buhle, M.S., Asst. Geologist
M. W. Pullen, Jr., M.S., Asst. Geologist
Charles G. Johnson, A.B., Asst. Geologist (on leave)
Margaret J. Castle, Asst. Geologic Draftsman
Robert N. M. Urash, B.S., Research Assistant
Subsurface Geology
L. E. Workman, M.S., Geologist and Head C. Leland Horberg, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist Frank E. Tippie, M.S., Assl. Geologist Paul Herbert, Jr., B.S., Assl. Geologist Marvin P. Meyer, B.S., Asst. Geologist Elizabeth Pretzer, A.B., Research Assistant Ruth E. Roth, B.S., Research Assistant
Physics
R. J. Piersol, Ph.D., Physicist
GEOCHEMISTRY
Frank H. Reed, Ph.D., Chief Chemist (on leave) Carol J. Adams, B.S., Research Assistant
Coal
G. R. Yohe, Ph.D., Chemist and Head* Herman S. Levine, B.S., Research Assistant
Industrial Minerals
J. S. Machin, Ph.D., Chemist and Head
Fluorspar
G. C. Finger, Ph.D., Chemist and Head Oren F. Williams, B.Engr., Asst. Chemist
Chemical Engineering
H. W. Jackman, M.S.E., Chemical Engineer and Head P. W. Henline, M.S., Assoc. Chemical Engineer James C. McCullough, Research Associate James H. Hanes, B.S., Research Assistant
(on leave) Leroy S. Miller, B.S., Research Assistant
(on leave)
X-ray and Spectrography
W. F. Bradley, Ph.D., Chemist and Head
Analytical
O. W. Rees, Ph.D., Chemist and Head* L. D. McVicker, B.S., Chemist Howard S. Clark, A.B., Assoc. Chemist Cameron D. Lewis, B.S., Asst. Chemist William T. Abel, B.A., Research Assistant John C. Gogley, Research Assistant Elizabeth J. Eades, A.B., Research Assistant
MINERAL ECONOMICS
W. H. Voskuil, Ph.D., Mineral Economist Douglas F. Stevens, M.E., Research Associate Nina Hamrick, A.B., Research Assistant Ethel M. King, Research Assistant
LIBRARY
Regina Lewis, B.A., B.L.S., Librarian
Engineering Geology and Topographic Mapping
George E. Ekblaw, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Richard F. Fisher, M.S., Asst. Geologist
Areal Geology and Paleontology
H. B. Willman, Ph.D., Geologist and Head Chalmer L. Cooper, Ph.D., Geologist Heinz A. Lowenstam, Ph.D., Assoc. Geologist
PUBLICATIONS AND RECORDS
Dorothy E. Rose, B.S., Technical Editor Meredith M. Calkins, Geological Draftsman Beulah Featherstone, B.F.A., Asst. Geologic
Draftsman Willis L. Busch, Principal Technical Assistant Leslie D. Vaughan, Asst. Photographer
*Assistant Chief Chemist in interim of absence of Chief Chemist.
Consultants: Ceramics, CulLen W. Parmelee, M.S., D.Sc, and Ralph K. Hursh, B.S., University of Illinois
Mechanical Engineering, Seichi Konzo, M. S., University of Illinois Topographic Mapping in Cooperation with the United States Geological Survey. This report is a contribution of the Mineral Economics Section.
November 1, 1945
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2012 with funding from
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
http://archive.org/details/illinoisminerali109vosk
CONTEXTS
Page
Introduction 9
Acknowledgments 9
Summary of production and value of Illinois minerals in 1944 12
Coal 15
Coal in 1944 — the national picture 15
Production by districts 15
Coal in Illinois 19
Data by type of mine 21
Coal distribution in the Illinois coal market territory 25
The market area 25
The all-rail movement 25
Lake shipments of coal 2s
Coal shipments to tidewater 28
Metropolitan markets 29
Coal prices in 1944 29
Coal consumption by states and uses 29
Degree-days in 1944 34
Fuel briquets and packaged fuel 41
Coke and byproducts 44
Petroleum and gas 45
Petroleum in 1944 — the national picture 45
Petroleum in World Wars I and II 45
Estimated reserves 45
Production 45
Prices of crude oil in 1944 47
Gasoline 47
Gaseous fuels in Illinois in 1944 50
Stone, rock products 53
Limestone, dolomite and marl 53
Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 53
Agstone used in Illinois in 1944 53
Cement 65
Lime 65
Mineral wool 65
Ganister and sandstone 65
Clays, clay products 67
Clays including fuller's earth 67
Clay products including silica refractories 67
Refractories — clay and silica 67
Structural clay products 67
Whiteware and pottery 67
Building construction 71
Sand and gravel 73
Silica sand 73
Ground silica 73
Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) 73
Other sand and gravel 73
Commercial and government-and-contractor operations 73
Fluorspar 77
Fluorspar industry in 1944 77
Production
Consumption '
Fluorspar in Illinois 86
Prices 86
CONTENTS— Continued
Page
Zinc and lead 87
Miscellaneous minerals 87
Peat 87
Pyrites 87
Sulfur 87
Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois 89
Coke and byproducts 89
Packaged fuel and fuel briquets 89
Pig iron 89
Sulfuric acid 89
Slab zinc 89
Ground feldspar 89
Magnesium compounds 89
Mineral pigments 89
Pig lead 89
Expanded vermiculite . . - 89
Alumina 89
Phosphates 89
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Page
1 Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914-1944 13
2 Bituminous coal production districts east of the Mississpipi River 15
3 Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal beds mined 16
4 Map of Illinois showing location of shipping coal mines, and local mines having annual production
of 5,000 tons or more 20
5 Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining methods, 1928-1944 25
6 Degree-day districts, with averages and ranges 36
7 Annual production of stone (limestone, dolomite, marl) in Illinois, 1920-1944 55
8 Agstone used in 1944, showing county averages in pounds per acre of arable land 58
9 Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1944 64
10 Annual sales of clays and clay products by producers in Illinois, 1939-1944 69
11 Annual production and value of sand and gravel, and silica sand in Illinois, 1920-1944 76
12 Fluorspar consumption by uses, United States and Illinois, 1939-1944 80
13 Average annual fluorspar consumption (of both domestic and foreign fluorspar) in the United
States, 1935-1940, compared with 1944, by sources and consuming industries 81
14 Fluorspar, annual shipments and average value, from Illinois mines, 1913-1944 85
TABLES
Table Page
1 Summary of mineral production of Illinois, sold or used by producers, 1942-1944 10
2 Value of Illinois mineral production, summary of annual values, 1914-1944 14
3 National bituminous coal output since 1938 15
4 Bituminous coal and lignite, production by districts, 1942-1944 17
5 Production in districts with large all-rail shipments to the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1941-1944 18
6 Bituminous coal production in the United States, by states, 1940-1944 18
7 Production of bituminous coal in the Eastern Interior coal field, 1939-1944 19
8 Illinois coal production, by quarters, for the years 1941-1944 19
9 Coal production of all Illinois mines, by type of mine and by counties, 1944 21, 22
10 Production of bituminous coal in Illinois, and in the United States, by months, 1944 21
11 Amount and value of coal produced in Illinois, showing number and type of mines, 1935-1944. ... 24
TABLES— Continued
Table Page
12 Origin and destination of revenue railroad shipments of coal, from Illinois, Indiana, western Ken-
tucky, and the Appalachian fields in 1943 and 1944 26
13 Origin of lake cargo coal from Appalachian fields, 1942-1944 28
14 Lake cargo shipments and receipts of coal at Upper Lake docks, 1934-1944 29
15 Lake shipments of coal from the Eastern Interior basin, 1944 29
1 6 Sources of all-rail coal destined for Chicago, 1942-1944 30
17 Sources of coal destined for St. Louis, 1942-1944 30
18 Coal mine prices, December 1943, and December 1944 31
19 Coal consumed in the Illinois coal market area (exclusive of railroad fuel), 1944 32
20 Distribution of bituminous coal produced in Illinois, 1944 33
21 Shipments of bituminous coal, by sizes, from Illinois, 1944 34
22 Source of bituminous coal shipped to Illinois, 1944 34
23 Types of heating equipment, by degree-day districts 35
24 Degree-days for 47 Illinois cities during 1944 and 1945, by months, compared with normal average
over the period during which records have been kept 37
25 Production of fuel briquets in the United States, 1943 and 1944 41
26 Shipments of fuel briquets of domestic manufacture into the Illinois coal market area, 1942-1944.. 41
27 Production and value of packaged fuel in Illinois, 1940-1944 44
28 Coke and byproducts produced, sold, or used by producers in Illinois, 1941-1944 42
29 Oil production in two wars 45
30 Estimates of proved oil reserves in the states serving the Illinois area, Jan. 1, 1935 to Jan. 1, 1945. . 45
31 Crude oil production in the United States, by districts and states, 1939-1944 46
32 Crude oil and related products produced, sold, or used by producers in Illinois, 1942-1944 48
33 Average value of crude oil in Illinois, 1937-1944 47
34 Crude oil price changes for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, 1944 49
35 Stocks of crude oil and refined products in the United States, in Illinois, and in the Central Refin-
ing district, by months, 1944 49
36 Gasoline sold in Illinois, 1941-1944, by months 50
37 Consumption of natural gas and manufactured gas in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 51
38 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, 1944, by uses and by months 52
39 Value of gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, 1944, by uses and by months 52
40 Gas sales to ultimate consumers in Illinois, by principal uses, 1940-1944 53
41 Limestone, dolomite, and marl, by uses, sold or used by producers, 1943 and 1944 54
42 Limestone, dolomite, and marl, by kinds and uses, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1944 56
43 Agstone used in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 57
44 Agstone used in Illinois annually, 1927-1944 59
45 Agstone used in Illinois, by counties, 1943 and 1944 60
46 Agstone produced in other states and used in Illinois, 1939-1944 59
47 Agstone produced in Illinois and marketed in other states, 1939-1944 59
48 Cement, shipped or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 62
49 Lime, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 63
50 Mineral wool, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 and by kinds and by uses 66
51 Ganister and sandstone, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942-1944 65
52 Clays (including Fuller's earth) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944, by kinds
and by uses 68
53 Clay products (including silica refractories) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois, 1943 and
1944 70
54 Value of building permits issued in Illinois, by months and by type, in 1944 71
55 Silica sand, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 72
56 Ground silica, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 73
57 Tripoli ("amorphous" silica), sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 73
58 Sand (other than silica sand) and gravel, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944 74
59 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by states 77
60 Production of hydrogen fluoride, calculated 100 percent, in tons 78
61 Fluorspar (domestic and foreign) consumed and in stock in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by
industries, in tons 79
62 Fluorspar (domestic and foreign) consumed in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by States, in tons 79
TABLES— Concluded
Table Page
63 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by uses 82
64 Fluorspar shipped from mines in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by grades, and by industries, in
tons 82
65 Fluorspar consumed in Illinois and in the United States, by uses, 1939-1944 83
66 Fluorspar shipped from mines in Illinois, 1943 and 1944, by kinds and by uses 84
67 Fluorspar shipped from Illinois mines, 1939-1944 86
68 Zinc, lead, and silver, recovered from ores mined in Illinois, 1942-1944 88
69 Miscellaneous minerals, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942-1944 87
70 Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois, sold or used by producers in Illinois, 1942-1944. . . 90
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 1944
BY
Walter H. Voskuil and Douglas F. Stevens
INTRODUCTION
The Illinois mineral industry is a key factor in creating and supporting the in- dustrial activity in Illinois and, to con- siderable extent, in other states of the Upper Misssissippi Valley. The primary materials of industrial production — fuels and iron ore, the latter from the Lake Superior district — are available in abundant quantities and are assembled for processing at a low cost on Lake Michigan near the large market of Chicago and of smaller cities in the industrial belt. There are abundant cheaply mined and good quality coals at points accessible to manufacturing centers. In addition to this, certain min- erals essential to the processing of primary steel, such as refractory materials and fluxes, are also present in the area, together with a variety of mineral products for foundry, chemical, construction, and other uses.
This wide array of manufacturing in- dustries lies in the center of one of the most efficient and low-cost food producing areas in the United States, if not in the world. A fertile soil has provided an area of high food yields, a mechanized agri- culture has brought production costs down to a low level, a flat topography has aided in the introduction of cost-saving farm machinery and the low cost of transporting farm products to consuming centers, and the use of power on farms, by displacing animal power, has added millions of acres to the
farm land available for the production of food.
The unusual and excellent endowment of industrial, mineral, and agricultural re- sources offers opportunities for production and employment that are probably un- matched elsewhere.
Acknowledgments
This report is made possible through the cooperation of the Bureau of Mines and the Bituminous Coal Division of the United States Department of the Interior, the Illinois State Department of Mines and Minerals, and the cooperation of mineral producers throughout Illinois in furnishing information regarding their operation.
Each of the sections of this report was prepared in close collaboration with the heads of the several mineral research di- visions of the Illinois State Geological Survey. Special assistance and advice were contributed by Ralph E. Grim, Petrog- rapher and Principal Geologist in charge of the Geological Resources Section; G. H. Cady, Senior Geologist and Head of the Coal Division; A. H. Bell, Geologist and Head of the Oil and Gas Division; J. E. Lamar, Geologist and Head, and Robert M. Grogan, Associate Geologist, of the Industrial Minerals Division ; and G. C. Finger, Chemist and Head of the Fluorspar Division of the Geochemistry Section.
[9]
Table 1. — Summary of Mineral Production of
|
Material |
Unit |
Detail table |
1942 |
|||||
|
Line No. |
Quantity |
Value at plants |
Rank among states |
|||||
|
Total |
Av. |
Amt. |
Value |
|||||
|
1 ? |
Coal — bituminous Petroleum — Crude oil |
Tons Bbls. M. cu. ft. Gals. Tons Bbls. Tons Tons Tons F.quiv. tons Tons a a u Ions Tons Troy oz. Tons |
9,11 32 « 41,42 48 49 50 51 52 53 55 56 58 ft 57 66 68 69 |
65,746,204 106,391,000 26,129,000 66,389,000 72,934,000 |
*$125,575,000 144,800,000 948,000 3,252,000 2,000.000 |
*$1.91 1.36 .036 .049 .027 |
3 5 15 8 4 4 10 6 7 4 1 1 1 *3 1 17 14 22 |
4 4 |
|
3 |
Natural gas |
15 |
||||||
|
4 |
Natural gasoline |
5 |
||||||
|
5 |
Liquefied petroleum gases ... Stone, rock products — Limestone, dolomite, marl Cement |
4 |
||||||
|
6 7 8 |
14,006,556 7,087,400 314,077 * 2,948 |
151,000,000 13,014,429 10,284,111 2,266,152 9,376 |
.93 1.45 7.21 *3.18 |
3 10 |
||||
|
9 |
Lime |
5 |
||||||
|
10 |
Mineral wool |
|||||||
|
11 |
Ganister, sandstone |
|||||||
|
Clays, clay products — Clays (except fuller's earth). Fuller's earth Clay products — refractories Structural |
||||||||
|
12 13 14 15 16 |
177,663 30,421 275.456 1,135,167 |
* 25,574,068 439,872 264,611 5,918,118 6,326,510 7,379,387 |
2.48 8.70 21.48 5.57 |
13 4 4 |
||||
|
17 |
White wares and pottery . Sand and gravel — |
|||||||
|
18 19 |
3,103,897 166,303 5,469,306 9,350,636 12,575 |
20,328,498 4,055,602 1,122,756 2,627,665 4,831,864 203,390 |
1.31 6.79 .48 .52 16.17 |
1 |
||||
|
90 |
Ground silica |
1 |
||||||
|
">1 |
Other sand |
|||||||
|
22 |
Gravel |
|||||||
|
23 |
Tripoli ("amorphous" silica) Fluorspar Metals — Zinc Lead Silver |
1 |
||||||
|
24 25 26 27 28 |
18,102,717 161,949 9,389 2,344 104 |
12,841,277 4,306,750 1,746,354 314,096 74 |
.71 26.59 186.00 134.00 .71 |
4 1 17 14 22 |
||||
|
Miscellaneous minerals Annual mineral production |
||||||||
|
29 30 |
* 34,179 |
2,060,524 * 149,327 |
* 4.37 |
|||||
|
31 |
— |
*$34 1,835, 444 |
— |
5 |
||||
|
32 33 |
Minerals processed, but mostly not mined, in Illinois* Coke and byproducts Packaged fuel |
Tons u u a |
28,70 27,70 70 ft ft |
4,980 5,871,858 215,494 166,066 42,849 |
* 38,198,000 60,001 125,662,134 2,036,418 * 30,888,246 2,436,135 |
12.05 21.30 9.45 *186.00 56.85 |
6 7 4 2 |
5 7 |
|
34 35 36 37 |
Pig iron Sulfuric acid Slab zinc (out-of-state ore) . . . Miscellaneous minerals proc- |
4 2 |
||||||
|
Total minerals processed |
||||||||
|
38 |
— |
*199,280,934 |
— |
|||||
|
39 |
Total minerals produced and processed |
— |
♦$541,116,378 |
— |
* Revised figures.
a Compiled from various sources, as stated in each detailed table. See footnotes for each table.
b Estimated for 1944,
|
Illinois, Sold or Used by |
Producers, 1942-1944* |
||||||||||
|
1943 |
1944 |
||||||||||
|
Quantity |
Value at plants |
Rank among states |
Quantity |
Value at plants |
Percent change in amount from 1943 |
Rank among states |
Line No. |
||||
|
Total |
Av. |
Total |
Av. |
Amt. |
Value |
||||||
|
Amt. |
Val. |
||||||||||
|
73,344,761 82,260,000 * 32.544.000 * 71,737,000 113,750,000 |
*$ 156, 224,000 * 112,700,000 * 1,545,000 * 4,072,000 * 3,358,000 |
* $2.13 * 1.37 * .047 * .057 * .029 |
3 6 *6 4 3 11 6 6 3 1 1 *2 1 |
4 6 *4 4 3 11 5 7 4 1 1 3 1 5 |
77,400,031 77,413,000 b30, 600,000 64,500,000 136,000,000 |
$164,862,000 106,055,800 b 1,530,000 3,483,000 3,400,000 |
$2.13 1.37 b .05 .054 .025 |
+ 5.5 - 5.9 - 6.0 —10.1 + 19.6 |
3 6 c 2 1 |
4 6 e 2 1 5 |
1 2 3 4 5 |
|
* 11,420,135 * 4,587,442 * 385,854 * 1,045 |
* 121,675,000 * 10,646,658 7,094,207 * 2,436,423 * 2,426,339 6.557 |
.93 * 1.55 6.31 ♦ 6.27 |
10,655,814 3,641,285 280,935 548 |
114,468,800 10,677,101 5,662,035 2,183,063 1,707,020 4,774 |
1.00 1.50 7.77 8.70 |
d- 5.9 - 6.7 -20.6 -27.2 d-29.6 -47.6 |
6 7 8 9 10 11 |
||||
|
182,620 * 39,500 260,362 830,100 |
* 22,610,184 463,986 * 372,024 5,379,492 4,515,300 7,359,559 |
2.54 * 9.42 20.66 5.44 |
188,604 42,277 200,021 727,483 |
20,233.993 500,113 390,346 4,053,387 4,196,064 6,764,620 |
2.65 9.23 20.26 5.77 |
d— 10.5 + 3.3 + 7.0 -23.2 —12.4 d— 8.1 |
12 13 14 15 16 17 |
||||
|
* 3,613,744 173,854 3,552,391 * 6,684,809 10,203 |
* 18,090,361 * 5,000,482 1,218,769 1,763,612 * 3,298,521 168,758 |
* 1.38 7.01 .50 .49 16.54 |
3,331,185 156,353 2,938,721 5,691,439 10,431 |
15,904,530 4,642,979 1,076,785 1,446,165 2,820,807 174,732 |
1.39 6.88 .49 .50 16.75 |
d— 12. 1 — 7.8 —10.1 -17.4 —14.9 + 2.2 |
18 19 20 21 22 23 |
||||
|
* 14,035,001 198,789 5,851 2,043 * 2,153 |
* 11,450,142 6,292,789 * 1,263,816 * 306,450 * 1,531 |
.82 31.66 *216.00 150.00 0.711 |
12,128,129 176,259 7,482 2,080 c |
10,161,468 5,954,991 1,676,000 328,600 |
.84 33.79 224.00 158.00 |
— 13.6 -11.3 +27.9 + 1.8 |
24 25 26 27 28 |
||||
|
28,199 |
* 1,571,797 * 117,895 |
* 4.18 |
b 26,000 |
2,004,600 b 107,400 |
b 4.12 |
d+27.5 — 7.8 |
29 30 |
||||
|
— |
♦$338,032,168 |
— |
— |
$333,697,782 |
— |
d- 1.3 |
31 |
||||
|
3,081 5,920,894 * 259,302 * 215,829 35,855 |
* 43,016,000 38,445 126,910,295 * 2,481,520 * 46,619,084 2,872,624 |
12.48 21.30 ♦ 9.60 ♦216.00 80.12 |
6 4 |
6 4 |
1,837 5,686,397 b 240,000 147,880 35,808 |
45,250,000 23,037 118,953,078 b 2,280,000 33,125,100 2,726,163 |
12.55 21.00 b 9.50 224.00 75.29 |
d+ 5.2 —40.1 — 4.0 — 7.5 -31.5 — 0.1 |
=== |
32 33 34 35 36 37 |
|
|
— |
* 221,937,968 |
— |
— |
202,357,378 |
— |
d- 8.8 |
38 |
||||
|
— |
♦$559,970,136 — |
— |
$536,'055,160 |
— |
d- 4.3 |
39 |
c Not available where not given. d Percent change in value from 1943. e Other processed minerals produced ii data for them are not available.
inois include pig lead, expanded vermiculite, alumina, phosphates, etc., but
12
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION AND VALUE OF ILLINOIS MINERALS IN 1944
The mineral industry of Illinois in 1944 continued at a high rate of production. The total value of minerals produced during the year amounted to $333,697,782 as valued at the mine, quarry, or pit. This was a decrease of $4,334,386 less than the 1943 production. The additional value of $202,357,378 for mineral materials proc- essed, but not mined, in Illinois brought the total value of all minerals produced and processed during 1944, for which data are available, to $536,055,160. This was a decrease of $23,914,976 from the all-time high record established in 1943.
A summary of the production and value of Illinois minerals in 1944 is presented in table 1, with comparative data for 1942 and 1943. Detailed figures for each min- eral are given in the various sections of this report, to which reference is made in table 1.
The unit of quantity measurement used for each mineral product is that commonly used in the commercial handling of that material. Wherever possible the net or short ton of 2,000 pounds is used, but some products are sold by the gallon, barrel, cubic foot, or by the number of pieces. In some materials, diversity of products makes it impossible to give any measure of quan- tity.
The value of each mineral product, in its first marketable form, is given as its net selling price at point of origin, without in- cluding any transportation expense other than that necessary in bringing it from the mine to the place where it is made into a marketable product. Wherever possible, average or unit rates of value are given. The quantity and value of metals are given, not as those of the ores, but in terms of the recovered metals.
Mineral production is considered as those minerals or mineral materials which are mined and sold or used by producers in Illinois. Mineral materials which were processed, but not mined, in Illinois are shown separately. Every effort has been made to avoid duplication.
Illinois has attained a position of im- portance among the various states in the production of several mineral materials. Its rank both in quantity and value of these materials is given in table 1. Mineral products provided approximately 50 percent of the tonnage handled by Illinois railroads.
In order to permit comparison of recent mineral production with that in previous years, figure 1 and table 2 are presented, which show the value of annual mineral production of Illinois from 1914 to 1944, inclusive.
SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION
13
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
/ \ 1 \
-MINERALS PRODUCED AND PROCESSED
7\
1914 '15 20 '25 '30 '3 5 *40
Fig 1. — Value of annual mineral production in Illinois, 1914-1944.
45
14
ILLINOIS MINER/1 L INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 2. — Value of Illinois Mineral Production
Summary of Annual Values, 1914— 1944a
(In thousands oi dollars)
|
Year |
Mineral production of Illinois (thousands) |
Minerals processed, but not mined, in Illinois (thousands) |
Total minerals produced and processed (thousands) |
|
1914 15 16 17 18 19 1920 21 22 23 24 1925 |
$117,166 114,446 146,360 234,736 271,244 213,701 373,926 254,019 244,618 282,761 235 , 796 231,658 237,242 180,394 188.099 182,791 148,311 108,066 71,693 74,837 89,212 96.484 117,916 133,437 130,155 215.157 287,327 333 , 225 *341,835 *338,032 333,698 |
$ 44,843 82,871 130,082 144,754 149,740 95,077 137,228 54,136 85,820 142,131 95,506 118,702 119,642 105,099 110,622 125,516 89,303 52,014 24.385 34.786 41.405 57 038 78 . 693 104.359 50,482 86.324 114.814 168.338 * 199, 281 *221,938 202,357 |
$162,009 197,317 276,442 379,490 420,984 308,778 511,154 308,155 330,438 424,892 331,302 350,360 |
|
26 |
356,884 |
||
|
27 |
285,493 |
||
|
28 29 |
298,721 308,307 |
||
|
1930 |
237,614 |
||
|
31 |
160,080 |
||
|
32 |
96,078 |
||
|
33 |
109,623 |
||
|
34 |
130.617 |
||
|
1935 |
153,522 |
||
|
36 |
196,609 |
||
|
37 |
237,796 |
||
|
38 |
180,637 |
||
|
39 |
301,481 |
||
|
1940 |
402,141 |
||
|
41 |
501 , 563 |
||
|
42 |
*541,116 |
||
|
43 . |
*559,970 |
||
|
44 |
536,055 |
||
* Revised figures.
"Compiled from following soul
For vears 1914-1922, Incl. U. S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of United States. 1923-1931, " — U.S. Bur. Mines, Mineral Resources of United State-. 1932-1938, " — U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks.
1939-1944, " — Joint canvasses made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. and from Minerals Yearbooks.
S. Bureau of Mines,
COAL PRODUCTION
15
COAL Coal in 1944 — The National Picture Table 3.-
Under the stimulus of the war effort, coal production in the nation rose to a high level of 620,000,000 tons of bituminous coal and 63,701,363 tons of anthracite. This is an all-time high in coal production, approached only in 1918 when the output was 579,385,820 tons for bituminous coal and 98,826 tons for anthracite.
Figures for bituminous coal production since 1938 are shown in table 3.
-National Bituminous Coal Output Since 1938a
|
Tonnage output in thousands |
Percent increase by years |
|
|
1938 1939 1940 1941 |
348,545 394,855 460,772 514,149 582,693 590,177 620,000 |
+ 13.3 + 16.7 + 11.6 |
|
1942* |
+ 13.3 |
|
|
1943*. . |
+ 1.3 |
|
|
1944. . |
+ 5.0 |
|
PRODUCTION BY DISTRICTS
Coal production by districts is shown in table 4 for three years — 1942, 1943, and 1944. Of particular interest are districts east of the Mississippi River which pro- duced 92.10 percent of the bituminous coal output. Districts No. 5 in Michigan and Xo. 7 in southern West Virginia lost in tonnage over the previous year. All other districts in price area Xo. 1 gained in
|
^ •*js'~'- |
f\f |
||
|
' (^ |
|||
|
\ 5 |
3 ^~K |
t~~~T |
|
|
" /^C ~,~' |
f\^S |
||
|
J§ln |
1 6" |
JQi2/ ; |
|
|
Ip^sN Si |
/&i-^ — ' |
^ |
|
|
~-' f |
/ i |
V) |
|
|
1 ( |
\/ |
BITUMINOUS COAL PRODUCTION DISTRICTS |
|
|
} |
|||
|
\ L- |
EAST OF THE |
||
|
UPr |
t5^C |
V\ |
MISSISSIPPI RIVER |
|
jL^nJI |
1 |
1 |
|
|
\ |
I O 100 200 300 MlCES |
||
Fig. 2.
-Bituminous coal production districts east of the Mississippi River.
* Revised figures.
a Compiled from U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks, 1939-1945. U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Report No. W.C.R. 1442. March 10. 1945. Does not include mines with annual production of less than 1,000 tons each.
tonnage output but showed a loss in per- centage. On the other hand, gains in both tonnage and percentage were registered in Illinois, Indiana, and western Kentucky.
Mines in districts 7 and 8 worked prac- tically to capacity in 1944 in an effort to supply coking coal requirements of the iron and steel industry. As a consequence, the all-rail movement of coal west- ward from these districts declined in spite of a general increase in coal demand. (See table 12.)
Although competition among pro- ducing districts in price areas is keen, there is a certain degree of market specialization among the several districts, based mainly on the char- acteristics of the product.
Districts 2, 7, and 8 supply coking coal for the blast furnaces and also a high percentage of fuel used for do- mestic heating. These two markets are, in a sense, complementary. Coal suitable for coking is also excellent for domestic fuel. The small sizes and screenings are therefore absorbed by the coking coal market and the prepared sizes find a ready outlet for domestic fuel over a large area.
Districts 3, 4, 6, and 9 market one-third or more of their output as railroad fuel, whereas the remaining districts distribute their output among manufacturing industries, utilities, railroads, and retail yards.
16
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Fig. 3. — Map of Illinois showing location of principal coal mining districts and coal beds
mined (see p. 17).
COAL PRODUCTION
17
Table 4.
-Bituminous Coal and Lignite, Production by Districts, 1942-1944 (In thousands of tons)
Price Area 1
Dist. 1. Eastern Pennsylvania . .
Dist. 2. Western Pennsylvania. .
Dist. 3. Northern West Virginia
Dist. 4. Ohio
Dist. 5. Michigan
Dist. 6. Panhandle
Dist. 7. Southern Numbered 1 . .
Dist. 8. Southern Numbered 2.
Total — Price Area 1
Dist. 9. Dist. 10. Dist. 11. Dist. 12.
Price Area 2
W7est Kentucky
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Total — Price Area 2
Price Area 3
Dist. 13. Southeastern
Total — All Eastern Districts.
Percent of U. S. Total
Total — United States
1942£
Amount
58,164
88,853
38,883
32,764
231
5,505
64,596
121,510
410,506
13,431
65,071
25,388
2,948
106,838
20,871
538,215
582,693
Percent of total
9.98
15.25
6.67
5.62
.04
.95
11.09
20.85
70.45
2.30
11.17
4.36
.51
18.34
3.58
92.37
1943'
Amount
Percent of total
59,245
84,643
41,393
32,255
169
5,383
63,059
122,015
408,162
15,169
72,631
25,065
2,771
115,636
18,725 542,523 590,177
10.04
14.34
7.01
5.47
.03
.91
10.69
20.67
69.16
19.59
3.17
91.92
1944°
Amount
62,094
89,542
46,353
33,940
160
5,536
61,806
124,777
424,208
18,350
76,960
28,140
2,690
126,140
20,700 571,048 620,000
Percent of total
10.01
14.44
7.48
5.47
.03
.89
9.97
20.13
78.42
2.96
12.41
4.54
.43
20.34
3.34
92.10
a Revised from Chapter "Bituminous Coal and Lignite" (preprint) U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook, 1943, with
final statistics for 1942. •' Revised from U. S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1238. c Figures for 1944 are preliminary, as published in U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Report No. 1442. Mines with
annual production less than 1,000 tons each are not included.
Map. No.
1
2 3 4
Principal Coal Mining Districts and the Principal Coal Beds Mined
(See Fig. 3)
Mining District Coal Beds Mined
Wilmington (T ,, LaSalle (No. 2)
LaSalle, or Third Vein { Longwali LaSalle (No. 2)
Rock Island-Mercer (abandoned) Rock Island (No. 1)
Fulton-Peoria Herrin (No. 6)
Fulton-Peoria Springfield (No. 5)
Springfield Springfield (No. 5)
Danville Danville (No. 7)
Danville Grape Creek
Southwestern Illinois
a) Standard Herrin (No. 6)
b) Belleville Herrin (No. 6)
c) DuQuoin Herrin (No. 6)
Centralia Herrin (No. 6)
Murphysboro or Big Muddy (abandoned) Murphysboro
Franklin-Williamson Herrin (No. 6)
Franklin-Williamson Harrisburg (No. 5)
Saline County Herrin (No. 6)
Saline County Harrisburg (No. 5)
18
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Fable 5. — Production in Districts with Large All-Rail
Shipments to the Upper Mississippi Valley, 1941— 1944a
(In thousands of tons)
|
Districts 7 and 8 West Virginia, Kentucky, Virginia |
Districts 9, 10, 11 Illinois, Indiana, Western Kentucky |
Illinois |
||||
|
Amount |
Index |
Amount |
Index |
Amount |
Index |
|
|
1941 |
169,148 184,279 183,711 186,583 |
100 109 109 110 |
88,934 102,460 113,015 123,450 |
100 116 127 139 |
54,703 63,750 72,430 76,960 |
100 |
|
1942 |
117 |
|||||
|
1943 |
133 |
|||||
|
1944 |
139 |
|||||
Compiled from U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Reports. Does not include mines with annual production less than 1,000 tons each.
Table 6. — Bituminous Coal Production in the United States,
by States, 1940-1944*- b
(In thousands of tons)
|
1940 |
1941* |
1942* |
1943* |
1944 |
|
|
15,324 174 3,100 6,589 42 51,872 18,869 3,231 6,676 40,346 8,795 1,503 410 2,867 1,111 2,284 22,772 116,603 6,008 621 3,576 15,348 1,650 I 126,438 5,808 17 |
15,464 239 3,345 6,949 40 55,366 22,484 2,939 7,153 42,130 11,580 1,701 311 3,254 1,251 2,380 29,319 130,240 7,045 353 4,077 18,441 1,841 140,250 6,646 15 |
19,301 261 4,372 8,086 31 65 , 746 25,388 2,948 7,750 48 , 800 13,431 2,001 231 3,829 1 , 669 2,591 32,764 144,073 8,158 304 5,517 20,136 1,953 155,882 8,133 13 |
17,160 289 4,556 8,324 14 73,345 25,065 2,771 7,747 48,042 15,169 1,933 169 4,833 1,851 2,500 32,255 141,050 7,179 153 6,666 20,280 1,528 158,804 9,155 53 |
18,955 |
|
|
Alaska |
352 |
||||
|
4,710 |
|||||
|
Colorado |
8,110 21 |
||||
|
Illinois*. . |
77,400 |
||||
|
28,140 |
|||||
|
Iowa |
2,690 |
||||
|
8,140 |
|||||
|
Kentucky: Eastern |
49,887 |
||||
|
Western |
18,350 |
||||
|
1,960 |
|||||
|
Michigan |
160 |
||||
|
Montana New Mexico |
4,880 1,795 |
||||
|
2,520 |
|||||
|
Ohio |
33,940 |
||||
|
Pennsylvania (bituminous) |
148,800 |
||||
|
7,400 |
|||||
|
Texas |
130 |
||||
|
Utah |
7,120 |
||||
|
Virginia |
19,900 |
||||
|
Washington |
1,515 |
||||
|
West Virginia: Southern |
\ 11,080 } 52,765 |
||||
|
Northern |
|||||
|
Wyoming |
9,665 |
||||
|
Other States" |
15 |
||||
|
Iotal |
462,034 |
514,813 |
583,368— |
590,891 |
620,440 |
* Revised figures.
a Compiled from the following sources:
For Illinois — Illinois Department of Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal Reports.
For all other states — 1939-1943, inclusive. U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks, 1944, and Weekly Coal Report, No. W.C.R. 1442, March 10, 1945. .
Figures for Illinois include production of all mines. Those for other states exclude mines having annual production of less than 1,000 tons each. Production of small mines in Illinois is included m "Total" in this table. b Includes lignite. c The states reporting are not identical from year to year.
COAL PRODUCTION
19
Table 7. — Production of Bituminous Coal in the
Eastern Interior Coal Field, 1939-1944a
(In thousands of tons)
|
Year |
Illinois |
Indiana |
West Kentucky |
||||
|
Amount |
Percentb |
Amount |
Percent b |
Amount |
Percent13 |
Total |
|
|
1939 |
46,783 50,610 54,703 *65,071 *72,631 76,960 |
65.0 65.3 61.5 62.6 64.3 62.4 |
16,943 18,869 22,484 *25,388 *25,065 28,140 |
23.5 24.1 25.3 24.5 22.2 22.8 |
8,291 8,795 11,747 *13,431 *15,169 18,350 |
11.5 11.2 13.2 12.9 13.5 14.8 |
72,017 |
|
1940 1941 1942 |
78,274 88,934 * 103, 890 |
||||||
|
1943 |
*112,865 |
||||||
|
1944 |
123,450 |
||||||
* Revised figures.
» Compiled from U. S. Bur. of Mines Minerals Yearbooks, 1939-1943 and Weekly Coal Report No. 1442, March 10,
1945. Does not include mines with annual production of less than 1,000 tons each. Figures for years 1913-
1938 are found in Report of Investigations No. 94, page 17, table 4. i) Percent of total in Eastern Interior coal field.
Table 8 — Illinois Coal Production, by Quarters
for the Years 1941-1944a
(In thousands of tons)
January-March . . .
April-June
July-September . October-December
Total
1941
Amount
16,480
8,637
13,965
15,621
54,703
Percent of total
30.12 15.79 25.53 28.56
100.00
1942 l
Amount
16,783 15,343 15,438 17,507
65,071
Percent of total
25.79 23.58 23.73 26.90
100.00
1943'
Amount
18,819 15,755 19,405 18,652
72,631
Percent of total
25.91 21.69
26.72 25.68
100.00
1944d
Amount
20,895 19,078 18,170 18,817
e76,960
Percent of total
27.15 24.79 23.61 24.45
100.00
a Compiled from U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Reports. Does not include mines with annual production less tha:i 1,000 tons each.
b Revised from Chapter "Bituminous Coal and Lignite" (preprint), U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbook, 1943.
c Revised from U. S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report 1238.
d Preliminary report published in U. S. Bur. Mines Weekly Coal Report No. 1441.
e There is a discrepancy between figures used for Illinois in this table and in tables 4, 5, and 7, which were taken from the U. S. Bur. of Mines preliminary report for 1944, and those used in other tables which were taken from figures from the Illinois Dept. of Mines and Minerals Annual Coal Report for 1944.
Shipments from the principal competitors of Illinois coal fields are shown in table 5.
Production of coal by states, for the years 1940-1944, is shown in table 6.
Coal in Illinois
Table 7 shows the coal production for the years 1939—1944 inclusive in the Eastern Interior basin. The production history of these three competitive districts and the contribution of each to the total production of the Eastern Interior basin from 1913 to 1942 is shown in table 4 of Report of Investigations No. 94, page 17.
The coal industry of Illinois continued to play an important role in the war effort through 1944. During the war years, Illinois mines not only contributed an in- crease of tonnage but they increased their percentage of the national output. These increases for the years 1942-44 are estimated at 25,000,000 tons above the normal peace time ratio of the national total. In some instances it has had the effect of drawing severely upon developed reserves. The in- crease in tonnage and percentage for the years 1941 to 1944 is shown in table 8.
20
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
LEGEND
SHIPPING MINES
• UNDERGROUND -•• STRIP
LOCAL MINES O UNDERGROUND -O- STRIP "— ' BOUNDARY OF COAL MEASURES
Fig. 4. — Map of Illinois showing location of shipping coal mines and local mines that had an annual production of 5,000 tons or more in 1943.
COAL PRODUCTION
21
|
Table 9. — Summary of Coal Production of all Illinois (Detailed Table 9 on pages 22-23) |
Mines a |
||||
|
1943 |
1944 |
Percent |
|||
|
Number of minesb |
Tons |
Number of minesb |
Tons |
change in amount from 1943 |
|
|
Strip mines: Shipping Local |
26 22 |
15,484,712 1,313,727 |
30 18 |
17,108,528 967,594 |
+ 11.1 —26.4 |
|
48 |
16,798,439 |
48 |
18,076,122 |
+ 7.6 |
|
|
Underground mines: Shipping Local |
116 326 |
53,486,909 3,059,413 |
c135 224 |
56,850,395 2,473,514 |
+ 6.3 — 19.2 |
|
Total |
442 |
56,546,322 |
c359 |
59,323,909 |
+ 4.9 |
|
Totals |
c489 |
73,344,761 |
406 |
77,400,031 |
+ 5.5 |
a Compiled from Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Sixty-third Annual Coal Report, 1944.
b Number of mines reporting production.
c One mine operated both strip and underground.
The heavy demands upon the producing districts in the Eastern Interior coal basin grew out of the restraints imposed upon shipments from districts Nos. 7 and 8 in West Virginia and eastern Kentucky in an effort to meet industrial fuel requirements in the eastern states. Again, as in 1942 and 1943, there was sustained mining ac- tivity in Illinois during the summer months (table 8).
DATA BY TYPE OF MINE
Illinois coal production for 1944 is shown in table 9 by type of mine, giving counties and mine inspection districts. Local mines are defined as those which do not ship coal by rail. Table 1 1 summarizes the same data for the decade 1935—1944.
Table 10. — Production of Bituminous Coal in
Illinois and the United States,
by Months, 1944a
(In thousands of tons)
Month
January. . February. March . . .
April
May
June
July
August. . . September October . . November December
Small mines and undis- tributed in Illinois0.
Total
United States
54,102 52,817 54,880 49,510 53,930 52,712 48,986 54,177 50,480 51,813 50,819 45,774
620,000 440
620,440
Illinois
Amount Percent*3
7,078 6,821 6,996 6,163 6,475 6,440 5,860 6,499 5,811 6,319 6,158 6,340
76,960 440
d77,400
13.08 12.72 12.75 12.45 12.01 12.22 11.97 11.91 11.51 12.39 12.12 13.85
12.37
aU. S. Bur. Mines, Weekly Coal Report No. W.C.R. 1441,
March 3, 1945; W.C.R. 1442, March 10, 1945. b Percent of U. S. total production.
c Mines with annual production less than 1,000 tons each. d Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Annual Coal Report, 1944. " Average.
22
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 9. — Coal Production of All Illinois Mines,
(In
Mine Inspec- tion District
1
4 13
5 10
3 11 7 1 3
9 [3
7 3 1
1
2 14 4 6
7
13
1
4 14
6
2 9 9
14
11 4
14 2
2
5
14
13
1
12
2
County
Bureau
Christian
Clinton
Edgar
Franklin
Fulton
Gallatin
Greene
Grundy
Henry
Jackson
Jefferson
Jersey
Knox
LaSalle
Livingston
Logan
McDonough
Macon. .
Macoupin
Madison
Marion
Marshall
Menard
Mercer
Montgomery
Peoria
Perry
Randolph
Rock Island
St. Clair
Saline
Sangamon
Schuyler
Stark
Tazewell
Vermilion
Warren
Washington
Will
Williamson
Woodford
Number of mines .... Total produced — 1944
Shipping Mines
Strip
No. of
11
30
Tons
6,373,429
94,408 583,115
1,939,780 114,324
2,766,485 1,057,048
273,564 573,256
235,508
30,463
1,779,552 858,568
17,108,528
Underground
No. of
24 1
135
Tons
19,543
7,880,902
366,843
18,173,694
191,064 46,053
523,436
,417,266 478,034
114,345
112,367
5,518,050
1,804,199 302,274
982,346
331,117
1,835,861
1,608,649
1,891,872 3,917,185 2,761,786
2,248,596 525,688
3,206,931
21,322
56,850,395
Total
No. of
2 2
27 1
164
Tons
19,543
7,880,902
366,843
18,173,694
6,564,493 46,053
617,844
3,000,381 478,034
2,054,125 226,691
5,518,050
1,804,199
302,274
982,346
331,117
4,602,346
2,665,697
2,165,436
4,490,441
2,761,786
235,508
2,279,059
525,688
1,779,552
4,065,499
21,322
73,958,923
a Compiled from Illinois Dept. Mines and Minerals, Sixty-third Annual Coal Report, 1944.
b Number of mines reporting production.
c One mine reported both strip and underground operations.
COAL PRODUCTION
23
by Type of Mine, and by Counties, 1944' tons)
Local Mixes
Strip
Underground
Xo. of-
ls
Tons
100,920
30,237
,700
23
6,014 2,899
800
19,200
796,133 200
8,968 500
967,594
Xo. of
Tons
1 2
29 6 1
5
4
33 5 4 3
12 6 8
10
4
3 20
1
2
30
224
15,332 41,408
201 , 645
23,200
42
51,645
24,774
32 78,665 22,893
234 52,338
773 38,167
310,433
1,053
46,791 1,377
293,034
27,935
29,745
1,941
153,867 13,707
149,226
21,408
809
128,223
155,155
4,313
9,671
573,678
Total
Xo. of
29 6 1 1 5
5 1 1 3 4
3
. 2
4
1
33 6 4 3
14 6 8
11 4
3 23
1 2
31
242
Tons
100,920 15,332
41,408
201 , 645
23,200
42
30,237
51,645
26,474
23
32
78,665
28,907
3,133
52,338
773
38,167
310,433
1,853 46,791
1,377
293,034
47,135
29,745
1,941
950,000 13,707
149,226
21,608
809
128,223 164,123
County Total
313 671
574,178
Xo. of
3
2
13
43
7 1 1 7
2 1 7 7
3 2 4 1 9
15
1 4 7 2
1
34 16
12 3
30 lx 17 13 4
3 29 1 4 2
58 1
Tons
406
120,463
7,896,234
366,843
41,408
18,173,694
6,766,138
69,253
42
30,237
669,489
3,026,855
478,057
32
2,132,790 255,598
3,133
52,338
773
38,167
5,518,050
2,114,632
302,274
1,853
46,791
1,377
982,346
624,151
4,649,481
2,695,442
1,941
3,115,436
4,504,148
2,911,012
257,116
809
128,223
2,443,182
4,313
535,359 1,779,552
4,639,677
21,322
2,473,514
3,441.108
77,400,031
Per- cent of
State total
.16 10.22
.47
.05
23.22
8.73 .09
.04 .86
3.92 .62
2.75 .33
.07
.05 7.11
2.72 .39
.06
1.27
.81
6.00
3.78
4.02
5.81
3.76
.32
.17
3.16
.01
.70
2.30
6.00 .03
100.00
Mine Inspec- tion
District
1 4 13
5 10
3
11 7 1 3
9 13
7 3 1
1
2
14 4 6
7
13
1
4 14
6
2 9 9
14
Summary given on page 21.
24
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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3 5
COAL PRODUCTION
25
|
BU |
_ |
/ |
|||||
|
- 60 |
- |
||||||
|
/' |
|||||||
|
~/\ \ |
/ / |
||||||
|
50 |
/ \ Y^T0TAL ILLINOIS /-^ / |
||||||
|
\ \ \ \ \ \ |
/ i \\ / i*' |
||||||
|
30 20 |
lVW |
S i I i 1 s s |
|||||
|
\ |
^— tot; JNDERGF |
*OUND / / / / |
\ |
/ / / / '^-UND (MACI- |
ERGROUND 11ME1 LOADED) |
||
|
/ / / / / |
\ \ \ \ |
* |
^UNDERGROUND ^- |
||||
|
10 |
"f"^ (HAND LOADED) ., |
||||||
|
/ 1 |
l |
-STRIP l |
MINED 1 |
_. |
|||
|
1 |
: |
1928 -30 "32 "34 '36 '38 '40 42 44
Fig. 5. — Annual production of Illinois coal, classified by mining methods, 1928-1944.
Coal Distribution in the Illinois Coal Market Territory
the market area
Illinois supplies substantial quantities of coal to eleven states in the Upper Mississippi and Missouri valleys and minor quantities in several additional states. The principal market states are Illinois, Indiana, Mich- igan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota and Arkansas. In this same area also are mar- keted vast quantities of coal from West Virginia, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, and Indiana. This Upper Mississippi Valley is a battle ground for competing fuels from widelv separated regional sources. (See table 12.)
The complex nature of the coal market in this industrial area is indicated by the diverse nature of coal requirements such as coking coal, domestic fuel, railroad and industrial fuel, the various producing dis- tricts contributing to this market, and the competing all-rail and rail-lake transporta- tion over which the coal is delivered to these markets.
THE ALL-RAIL MOVEMENT
The all-rail movement, exclusive of rail- way fuel, supplied 72,000,000 tons in 1944 of which Illinois supplied approximately 43,000,000 tons (table 12). The heavy movement from eastern producing districts, particularly in West Virginia and eastern
26
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Table 12. — Origin and Destination of Revenue Railroad Shipments of Coal from
(Exclusive of non- (In
Origin
Destination:
Chicago District
Illinois, otherb
Mil- waukee, Wis.
Wis- consin, other
Council Bluffs, Iowa0
Iowa, other
1943
Western Pennsylvania
Central Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale
Cumberland-Piedmont
Fairmont, West Virginia
Northern and Eastern Ohio
Southern Ohio
Kanawha, Logan, Kenova-Thacker
New River-Winding Gulf, Pocahontas-Tug
River
N. E. Kentucky, McRoberts
Virginia
Hazard, Harlan, S. Appalachians
Ex-river coal
Northern Illinois
Central and Southern Illinois
Indiana
Western Kentucky
Grand total
Percent of change from 1942
115,385
24,905
53,156
1,618
13,989
2,351,381
9,439,189 3,376,031
338,928
2,698,608
12,617
933,613 7,266,187 3,187,672
961,089
30,774,368
+3.
21,386
8,652
9,396
820
172,296
498,514 117,029
45,225 469,923
4,915,921
12,823,159
1,407,702
424,638
20,914,661
+5.1
32
154 49
379 2,662
157,051
1,370
905
307
652 156,140
242,675 778
563,154
+ 10.6
13,113
340
1,472
451
36,191
662,510 29,179
64,745 62,142
196,708 1.812,833
757,799 193,776
3,831,259
+3.0
581
164
500 308
11,965 171,019
27,857 6,730
219,124
+ 197.7
12,470
788
1,393
160
174,297
82,628 172,195
13,453 596,212
1,609,638
2,350,461
499,621
318,271
5,831,587
+7.5
1944
Western Pennsylvania
Central Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale,
Cumberland-Piedmont
Fairmont, West Virginia
Northern and Eastern Ohio
Southern Ohio
Kanawha, Logan, Kenova-Thacker
New River-Winding Gulf, Pocahontas-Tug
River
N. E. Kentucky
Virginia
Hazard, Harlan S. Appalachians
Ex-river coal
Northern Illinois
Central and Southern Illinois
Indiana
Western Kentucky
Grand total
Percent of change from 1943
779
19,089
44,391
6,790
7,956
2,300,417
7,687,840 3,124,223
299,815
2,677,139
13,276
760,017 7,498,802 3,027,145 1,046,862
28,514,541
-7.3
29,332
7,419
10,303
485
196,177
431,662
121,772
42,168
420,785
5,087,769
14,605,898
1,475,604
428,312
22,848,686
+9.2
149
1,834
6,932
154,355
1,461
261
103
140,221
274,953
1,122
581,391
+3.2
10,149 3,187
45,844
559,747 24,887 59,456 52,087
123,751
1,876,113
821,620
164,597
3,741,438
-4.0
30
294 215
154
98
112,079
31,182
4,917
148,969
-32.0
13,153 2,411
176,445
68,335 160,887
13,766 539,583
1,722,852
2,498,736
577,047
261,474
6,034,689
+3.5
a Data from U. S. Dept. Interior, Bituminous Coal Div., Solid Fuels Adm. for War, and Bureau of Mines, Monthly
Coal Distribution Report No. 160. b Includes Davenport, Iowa, for shipments from Ohio and the Crescent, and includes Davenport, Bettendorf, and
Iowanna, Iowa, for shipments from Illinois, Indiana and Western Kentucky, excluding East St. Louis, Illinois.
COAL DISTRIBUTION
27
Illinois, Indiana, Western Kentucky and the Appalachian Fields in 1943 and 1944a
revenue railroad fuel)
tons)
St.
Louis, Mo.'1
Kan- sas City,
Mo.e
St.
Joseph,
Mo. f
Mis- souri, other
Kan- sas, other
Ne- braska, other
Minne- sota
South Da- kota
North Da- kota
Total
1943
|
85 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
136,888 |
.2 |
|
|
53,181 968 |
991 |
389 |
1,377 |
1,718 |
1,074 |
7,804 54 |
859 |
— |
127,268 64,751 5,303 14,979 3,080,805 |
.2 .1 |
|
328,877 |
— |
— |
449 |
— |
175 |
13,875 |
438 |
— |
4.3 |
|
|
709,201 456 206,278 28,482 |
— |
— |
432 307 564 |
57 |
76 1,015 53 1,131 |
131,724 22,429 7,955 29,408 |
6,893 2,118 803 1,335 |
— |
11,688,275 3,722,129 678,845 3,888,420 12,617 7,724,723 32,659,132 6,272,520 2,117,963 |
16.2 5.2 .9 5.4 |
|
100 4.602,407 14,428 81,765 |
601 376,320 101 |
30,580 |
12,848 2,181,694 1,150 57,745 |
97,073 9,592 |
10,750 233,551 12,319 6,673 |
28,927 472,311 106,435 45,444 |
3,000 94,486 5,169 20,380 |
911 674 |
10.7 45.2 8.7 2.9 |
|
|
6,026,228 |
378,013 |
30,969 |
2,256,566 |
108,440 |
256,817 |
866,366 |
135,481 |
1,585 |
72,194,618 |
100.0 |
|
+7.6 |
+282.9 |
+ 172.4 |
+ 18.9 |
—32.2 |
+56.9 |
+6.6 |
—25.7 |
+ 104.3 |
+5.5 |
1944
|
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
30,111 |
— |
|
|
50,305 758 |
660 54 |
195 |
1,306 |
1,164 |
1,468 |
6,805 443 |
652 |
— |
112,544 63,381 7,275 |
.2 .1 |
|
312,888 |
— |
94 |
232 |
— |
406 |
16,393 |
399 |
— |
7,956 3,056,521 |
4.2 |
|
616,372 2,027 126,966 23,029 |
34 |
_
|
53 665 |
123 51 |
112 659 1,643 |
84,472 16,067 7,193 25,746 |
5,260 1,550 700 1,178 |
— |
9,608,527 3,453,584 550,378 3,742,112 13,276 7,746,001 35,596,149 6,373,216 2,064,275 |
13.3 4.8 .8 5.1 |
|
5,243,887 13,977 37,474 |
248 288,140 2,566 |
38,494 |
1,054 2,275,844 838 56,251 |
89,808 500 |
20,622 241,437 6,639 2,774 |
26,877 577,183 134,873 43,327 |
11,713 108,934 6,272 15,629 |
573 1,536 |
10.7 49.1 8.8 2.9 |
|
|
6,427,683 |
291,702 |
38,783 |
2,336,243 |
91,646 |
275,760 |
939,379 |
152,287 |
2,109 |
72,425,306 |
100.0 |
|
+6.7 |
—22.8 |
+25.2 |
+3.5 |
—15.5 |
+7.4 |
+8.4 |
+ 12.4 |
+33.1 |
+ .3 |
c Includes Omaha and South Omaha, Nebraska.
d Includes East St. Louis, Illinois.
e Includes Kansas City, Kansas.
f Includes Atchison and Leavenworth, Kansas.
28
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Kentucky, consists largely of coking coal and the large sizes of the same type of coal for use in the domestic market.
Certain changes in 1944 worthy of note are the substantial decline in shipments from the New River and Pocahontas districts in West Virginia and a corresponding increase in shipments from southern Illinois as com- pared with 1943.
LAKE SHIPMENTS OF COAL
The lake trade in coal in the past has been exclusively a movement of coal from Appalachian producing districts to lake port markets on Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior.
The data on lake shipments of coal from Appalachian fields do not specify the des- tinations of coal originating in each field. Some inferences regarding the destinations can be made, however, from the nature of the market. In table 13 is shown the origin of lake cargo coal in the years 1942, 1943, and 1944. As noted in this table, the bulk of the shipments comes from Pennsylvania and from the low-, medium-, and high- volatile coal districts of southern West Vir- ginia and eastern Kentucky. Shipments from the low- and medium-volatile coal fields consist of screenings destined to the coke ovens of the Chicago district. Coal from Pennsylvania is destined to Upper Lake Michigan and Lake Superior ports, both in the prepared sizes and as screenings for domestic and industrial fuel. The
heavy demand for coking coal resulting from the wartime expanded steel industry in the Chicago district caused a substantial increase in shipments of coking coal from the low-volatile coal districts in southern West Virginia in 1944. Total shipments fell off somewhat. This is explained by the heavy war requirements of eastern in- dustries and a resultant shortage of coal (other than coking coal) for shipments to the northwest. Total receipts from Ap- palachian fields at upper lake ports are shown in table 14.
The reduction in freight rates on coal from mines in Illinois, Indiana and western Kentucky to Chicago for transshipment to upper lake ports, and the heavy demands of war on all coal producing districts, resulted in lake shipments from Eastern Interior fields and provided a summer load for the mines. Shipments from Illinois and western Kentucky totaled 1,062,301 tons in 1943 and 1,450,143 in 1944. Illinois contributed 909,366 tons in 1944 and western Ken- tucky 540,777 tons (table 15). There were no shipments from Indiana.
COAL SHIPMENTS TO TIDEWATER
A total of 188,525 tons of coal were shipped from Illinois districts to tidewater for transshipment to South American markets. This movement probably will cease after wartime demands for coal on eastern fields decline and British coal also becomes available for the export markets.
Table 13. — Origin of Lake Cargo Coal from Appalachian Fields, 1942-1944 (In thousands of tons)
From
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Moundsville, West Virginia
Fairmont, Cumberland, Piedmont. . Southern West Virginia — low volatile. . Southern West Virginia — high volatile . Eastern Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia
Total
1942 s
1943b
1944*
171
305 358 420 160 746 295
49,455
4,682 8,409 406 2,357 14,256 8,653 8,692
47,455
4,995
10,568
395
3,283 10,797 13,902 11,551
55,491
a U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 147, June 13, 1944. bU. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 159, April 16, 1945.
COAL DISTRIBUTION
29
Table 14. — Lake Cargo Shipments and Receipts
of Coal at Upper Lake Docks, 1934-1944a
(In thousands of tons)
|
Bituminous |
Recei |
pts at |
||
|
coal loaded |
||||
|
Total |
||||
|
Year |
into vessels |
Lake |
Lake |
receipts |
|
at Lake Erie |
Superior |
Michigan |
||
|
ports |
ports |
ports b |
||
|
1934.. |
34,869 |
8,023 |
4,535 |
12,558 |
|
1935.. |
34,730 |
6,829 |
4,043 |
10,872 |
|
1936.. |
44,011 |
9,358 |
5,114 |
14,472 |
|
1937.. |
43,645 |
9,115 |
4,822 |
13,937 |
|
1938.. |
34,173 |
6,614 |
3,758 |
10,372 |
|
1939.. |
39,837 |
6,515 |
4,229 |
10,744 |
|
1940.. |
46,548 |
6,991 |
4,436 |
11,427 |
|
1941 . . |
49,733 |
8,356 |
4,830 |
13,186 |
|
1942.. |
47,815 |
8,108 |
5,068 |
13,176 |
|
1943.. |
46,059 |
9,455 |
4,982 |
14,437 |
|
1944.. |
53,981 |
9,417 |
5,277 |
14,694 |
* U. S. Bituminous Coal Div., Monthly Coal Distribution
Reports. b Ports on Lake Michigan north of Waukegan.
Table 15. — Lake Shipments of Coal from the Eastern Interior Basin, 1944a
Month
January. . February.
March
April
May
June
July
August . . . September October. . . November December.
Total. . .
West Ken- tucky
28,624 52,118 94,566 99,055 89,226 84,909 56,100 28,614 5,462 2,103
540,777
Illinois
51,316
89,836
154,430
173,501
146,128
183,708
74,412
36,035
909,366
Total
79,940 141,954 248,996 272,556 235,354 268,617 130,512
64,649 5,462 2,103
1,450,143
a U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Reports Nos.
149-160 inclusive. * No shipments from Indiana.
METROPOLITAN MARKETS
Sources of coal for the two principal metropolitan markets for Illinois coal are shown in tables 16 and 17.
COAL PRICES IN 1944
Coal prices — mine, lake cargo, and re- tail— were subject to price ceilings imposed by the Office of Price Administration. During 1944 only minor changes occurred in mine prices of coal in those districts
serving the markets of the Upper Missis- sippi Valley (table 18).
COAL CONSUMPTION BY STATES AND USES
The distribution of coal by states and by sizes from each producing district has been made available for the first time in 1944 by the United States Bureau of Mines and the Solid Fuels Administrator for War. Tables 19—22 provide the pertinent data for coal originating in or shipped into the Illinois coal market area.
30
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Table 16. — Sources of All-Rail Coal Destined for Chicago, 1942-1944
(In tons)
|
1942a |
1943 a |
1944b |
Percent of change 1944 from 1943 |
||
|
Western Pennsylvania |
5,023 18,147 137,776 1,195 2,433 2,327,548 9,755,335 2,681,672 283,062 3,341,359 41,377 820,140 6,079,795 3,596,192 767,164 |
115,385 24,905 53,156 1,618 13,989 2,351,381 9,439,189 3,376,031 338,928 2,698,608 12,617 933,613 7,266,187 3,187,672 961,089 |
779 19,089 44,391 6,790 7,956 2,300,417 7,687,840 3,124,223 299,815 2,677,139 13,276 760,017 7,498,802 3,027,145 1,046,862 |
+ + + + |
99.3 |
|
Central Pennsylvania, Somerset-Myersdale Cum- berland-Piedmont |
23.7 |
||||
|
Fairmont, West Virginia |
16.5 |
||||
|
Northern and eastern Ohio |
319.6 |
||||
|
43.1 |
|||||
|
Kanawha, Logan and Kenova-Thacker |
2.2 |
||||
|
New River-Winding Gulf and Pocahontas-Tug River |
18.5 |
||||
|
Northeast Kentucky and McRoberts |
7.5 |
||||
|
14.5 |
|||||
|
Hazard, Harlan, and Southern Appalachian |
.8 5.2 |
||||
|
Northern Illinois |
18.6 |
||||
|
Central and southern Illinois |
3.2 |
||||
|
5.1 |
|||||
|
Western Kentucky |
8.9 |
||||
|
Total |
29,858,216 |
30,774,368 |
28,514,541 |
c |
7.3 |
|
Percent of Chicago total supplied by Illinois |
23.1 |
26.6 |
28.9 |
•' U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 148, July 5, 1944. "U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 160, April 26, 1945. c Average.
|
Table 17. — Sources of Coal |
Destined for |
St. Louis, 1942-1944 |
||
|
From |
1942 :i |
1943a |
1944b |
Percent of change 1944 from 1943 |
|
Central Pennsylvania |
32,660 1,128 219,782 640,871 301,455 22,239 4,229,879 17,115 135,184 |
53,266 968 328,877 709,201 206,734 28,482 4,602,507 14,428 81,765 |
50,305 758 312,888 616,372 128,993 23,029 5,243,887 13,977 37,474 |
— 11.2 |
|
- 21.7 |
||||
|
- 4.7 |
||||
|
New River, West Virginia |
- 11.7 |
|||
|
Virginia, Northeast Kentucky |
- 37.5 |
|||
|
— 19.2 |
||||
|
+ 13.9 |
||||
|
3.1 |
||||
|
Western Kentucky |
- 54.1 |
|||
|
Total |
5,600,313 |
6,026,228 |
6,427,683 |
c+ 6.6 |
|
Percent of St. Louis total received from Illinois . . |
75.5 |
76.4 |
81.6 |
•U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 148, July 3, 1944. bU. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Report No. 160, April 26, 1945. c Average.
COAL PRICES
31
Table 18.
-Coal Mine Prices, December 1943 and December 1944a (Per ton)
|
December, 1943 |
December, 1944 |
|
|
$ 3.35 |
$ |
3.30 |
|
3.30 |
3.30 |
|
|
2.55- 3.00 |
2.55- |
3.00 |
|
2.10- 2.35 |
2.40 |
|
|
2.05 |
2.10 |
|
|
2.60 |
2.60 |
|
|
2.45- 3.00 |
2.45- |
3.20 |
|
2.40- 2.60 |
2.45- |
3.00 |
|
2.05- 2.50 |
2.35- |
2.70 |
|
1.75- 2.40 |
2.05- |
2.60 |
|
1.60- 2.10 |
1.75- |
2.35 |
|
2.25- 2.65 |
2.00- |
2.65 |
|
2.70- 2.95 |
2.70- |
2.95 |
|
2.60- 2.85 |
2.60- |
2.85 |
|
1.95- 2.40 |
1.95- |
2.40 |
|
1.95- 2.40 |
1.95- |
2.40 |
|
1.85- 2.05 |
1.85- |
2.05 |
|
2.50- 2.60 |
2.50- |
2.60 |
|
2.55- 3.00 |
2.55- |
3.00 |
|
2.45- 2.60 |
2.45- |
2.60 |
|
1.85- 2.10 |
1.85- |
2.10 |
|
2.30- 2.45 |
2.30- |
2.45 |
|
1.75- 1.90 |
1.75- |
1.90 |
|
2.40- 2.45 |
2.40- |
2.45 |
|
3.65- 4.35 |
3.95 |
|
|
3.65- 4.45 |
4.05 |
|
|
4.10- 4.15 |
4.10 |
|
|
3.40- 3.55 |
3.55 |
|
|
3.35- 3.45 |
3.45 |
|
|
3.70- 3.80 |
3.80 |
|
|
3.45- 3.65 |
3.45- |
3.65 |
|
2.70- 2.90 |
2.70- |
2.90 |
|
4.70 |
5.25 |
|
|
4.35 |
4.35- |
4.40 |
|
4.35 |
4.35- |
4.40 |
|
3.50 |
||
|
4.05 |
4.05- |
■ 4.15 |
|
2.70 |
2.90- |
- 3.10 |
|
3.10- 3.45 |
3.50- |
- 3.80 |
|
2.75- 3.05 |
3.20- |
- 3.55 |
|
3.20 |
3.10 |
|
|
3.05- 3.25 |
3.40- |
- 3.80 |
|
2.75- 2.80 |
Southern Illinois
Freight rate to Chicago, $2.05 a ton
Lump
Egg
Nut
Washed screenings
Screenings
Mine run
Central Illinois
Freight rate to Chicago, $1.75 a ton
Lump
Egg
Nut .
Washed screenings
Screenings
Mine run
Indiana, No. 4
Freight rates to Chicago, $1.65 and $1.75 a ton
Lump
Egg
Stoker nut
Nut..
Screenings
Mine run
Indiana, No. 5
Freight rates to Chicago, $1.65, $1.87, $1.90 a ton
Lump
Egg
Stoker nut
Nut..
Screenings
Mine run
West Virginia Smokeless, New River and Pocahontas Freight rates to Chicago, $3.39 a ton
Lump
Egg
Stove
Nut
Stoker pea
Mine run (Dom.)
Straight mine run
Slack
Briquets
Eastern Kentucky, Millers Creek — Great Heart Freight Rate to Chicago, $3.19 a ton
Block
Furnace
Small egg
Stoker nut
Screenings
East Kentucky, West Virginia, High Volatile Freight rate to Chicago, $3.19 a ton
Block
Furnace
Small egg
Stoker nut
Screenings
32
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 18. — (Concluded)
December, 1944
West Kentucky, No. 9 and No. 11 Freight rate to Chicago, $2.40 a ton
Lump, 6 "
Egg,6"x3"
Stoker nut
Screenings
Mine run
Western Kentucky, No. 6
Freight rate to Chicago, $2.40 a ton
Lump, 6 "
Egg,6"x3"
Stoker nut
Screenings
Western Kentucky, No. 14
Freight rate to Chicago, $2.40 a ton
Lump, 6"
Egg,6"x3"
Nut,3"x2"
Chestnut
Screenings, 2"
Anthracite
Freight rate to Chicago from mines in Pennsylvania, $4.26 a ton
Grate, egg, stove, chestnut
Pea
Buckwheat
Rice
Coke
F.o.b. dealers yards in Chicago, f.o.b. ovens, 75 cents a ton less
Egg, range, nut
Pea
Foundry (at Chicago ovens)
2.25- 2.40 2.20- 2.40 1.85- 2.50 1.65- 1.95 2.10- 2.30
2.70 2.70 3.10
2.45
2.45 2.45 2.45 2.20 2.00
7.85 6.30 4.65
3.75
14.80 13.80
• Chicago Journal of Commerce.
Table 19. — Coal Consumed in the Illinois Coal Market Area (Exclusive of Railroad Fuel), 1944a
Total
Distribution of total production (all rail) from Mines in U. S.
Illinois 41,849,010
Wisconsin 4,289,562
Iowa 6,937,902
Kansas 2,494,774
Minnesota 1 ,525, 182
Missouri 8,045,783
Nebraska 2,271,734
North Dakota 55,037
South Dakota 468,329
Waterborne Shipments Via Lake and Tidewater Summaries by Consumer States of Destination
Illinois 2,373, 177
Wisconsin 8,637,206
Iowa 110,831
Kansas
Minnesota 3,733,429
Missouri
Nebraska 10,216
North Dakota 200,586
South Dakota 348,114
COAL CONSUMPTION
Table 19. — (Concluded)
33
Total
Total Shipments to Consumers — All Movements and Uses
Illinois 44,222, 187
Wisconsin 12,926,768
Iowa 7,048,733
Kansas 2,494,774
Minnesota 5 , 258 , 61 1
Missouri 8,045,783
Nebraska 2,281 ,950
North Dakota 255 , 623
South Dakota 816,443
Grand Total 83,350,872
a U. S. Bur. Mines, Monthly Coal Distribution Report Xos. 149-160.
Table 20. — Distribution- of Bituminous Coal Produced in Illinois, 1944a
(In tons)
Disposal
Amount
Disposal
All-rail, river, ex-river ^excluding rail- road fuel)
Total for United States
Middle Atlantic
Pennsylvania
East North-Central
Illinois
Indiana
Michigan
Ohio....
Wisconsin
West North-Central
Iowa
Kansas
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
South Atlantic
North Carolina
East South-Central
Alabama
Kentucky
Mississippi
Tennessee
West South-Central
Arkansas
Louisiana
41,798,487
171
26,901,642
2,083,839
338,650
684
2,282,657
4,135,399
117,652
1,104,778
3,964,307
282,286
520
132,421
29,862
3,517
931
34,768
127,895
203,972 27,866
Pacific _
Washington. Unspecified. . .
Canada
Railroad fuel. Tidewater . . . Lake
Distributors or wholesalers 'destina- nation and use unknown;
Truck
Private railways, tramways, and conveyors
Coal used at mines
Net change in inventory.
Total
Percentage of estimated production.
Amount
235 24,435
296
25,278,169
188.525
909,366
183,129 5,496,338
122,266
1,107,120
+23,325
75,107,201 97.8
» Data from U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Reports Xos. 146-160, July 11, 194-1 — April 26, 1945. b Also includes byproduct and smithing coal shipped by all methods of transportation except by lake and tidewater.
34
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 21. — Shipments of Bituminous Coal by Sizes, from Illinois, 1944*
(In tons)
Amount
Percent
All lump coal and all double screened coal with top size over 2 inches
All double screened coal with top size not exceeding 2 inches
Modified mine-run, domestic mine-run, screened mine-run, and altered mine- run and minus resultant with top size over 2 inches
All minus resultant and dedusted screenings with top size over % inch and not exceeding 2 inches
All minus resultant and dedusted screenings with top size not exceeding % inch Total
Size not reported
Coal used at mines
Grand Total
24,079,291 4,108,790
16,427,931
25,371,284 3,552,531
73,539,827
436,929 1,107,120
32.8 5.6
22.3
34.4 4.8
100.0
75,107,201
Data from U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Distribution Reports.
Table 22. — Source of Bituminous Com. Shipped
to Illinois, 1944a (Exclusive of Railroad
Fuel)
(In tons)
District No.
Total
1 11,422
2 9,770
3 57,055
4 9,700
5 —
6 —
7 5,307,105
8 5,236,211
9 698,410
10 26,901,642
11 3,616,355
12 —
13 56
14 266
15 1,018
Total 41,849,010
■ U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Coal Reports, Nos. 149-160, July 11, 1944— April 26, 1945.
Degree-Days in 1944
Because of the close relationship between the number of degree-days accumulated dur- ing the heating season and the quantity of fuels consumed, a degree-day map of Illi- nois and a table showing degree-day records for the past heating season compared with the normal is useful in estimating domestic fuel consumption. In this issue a modified degree-day map has been prepared in which county boundaries are used to mark the boundaries of degree-day belts. While this results in some inaccuracies, the purpose is to show the number and types of heating units in each degree-day belt. Since these latter are reported by county units only, it was necessary to prepare a map in which boundaries of degree-day belts conformed to the nearest county boundary.
DEGREE DAYS
35
Table 23. — Types of Heating Equipment, by Degree-Day Districts3 Units With Central Heating
|
District No. |
Coal |
Wood |
Gas |
Fuel oil |
Total |
Other fuel and not reporting |
|
j |
60,076 807,045 101,484 140,604 55,464 36,169 9,426 45,379 134,419 |
1,250 1,099 841 535 680 163 34 129 56 |
1,166 30,100 1,435 5,420 804 127 13 4,868 3,650 |
5,820 46,366 3,301 3,109 854 720 40 6,486 4,802 |
68,312 884,610 107,061 149,668 57,802 37,179 9,513 56,862 142,927 |
685 |
|
2 3 |
12,138 872 |
|||||
|
4 |
2,741 |
|||||
|
5 |
783 |
|||||
|
6 |
240 |
|||||
|
7 |
82 |
|||||
|
8 St. Louis, Mo. St. Louis County. St. Louis City .... |
204 1,399 |
|||||
|
Total |
1,390,066 |
4,787 |
47,583 |
71,498 |
1,513,934 |
19,144 |
Units Without Central Heating
|
District No. |
Coal |
Wood |
Gas |
Fuel oil |
Gas or Kero. |
Total |
Other fuel and not reporting |
None |
|
1 |
19,753 224,896 57,043 112,727 90,881 78,043 48,115 13,422 83,434 |
3,002 3,991 4,319 8,847 28,595 14,895 7,777 1,671 295 |
117 5,529 238 864 1,641 704 26 130 752 |
3,958 87,642 3,008 2,168 1,712 636 126 656 2,928 |
152 581 294 357 858 278 102 136 156 |
26,982 322,639 64,902 124,963 123,687 94,556 56,146 16,015 87,565 |
96 1,235 319 495 581 258 162 62 272 |
26 |
|
2 |
318 |
|||||||
|
3 |
69 |
|||||||
|
4 |
79 |
|||||||
|
5 |
105 |
|||||||
|
6 |
48 |
|||||||
|
7 |
87 |
|||||||
|
8 St. Louis, Mo. St. Louis Co. . . . St. Louis City.. . |
25 247 |
|||||||
|
Total |
728,314 |
73,392 |
10,001 |
102,834 |
2,914 |
917,455 |
3,480 |
1,004 |
a Source: U. S. Census, Housing, Illinois, 2nd. Series, 1939.
Degree-days are the number of degrees of temperature that the average temperature for each day falls below 65° Fahrenheit. These are totaled for each month and a cumulative total for the heating season through each month is determined. These data averaged over a long period of time give a reliable guide to the fuel needs of the locality in which the temperatures are re- corded. This information is given in table 16, Report of Investigations No. 87.
Figure 6 shows the modified degree- day belts of the state numbered from 1 to 8. District 8 comprises St. Louis City and county and is included in the tabulations because of the interest of the Illinois coal industry in this large market.
In table 23 is shown the number of heat- ing units by each type of fuel used, for each of the degree-day belts outlined on the map.
36
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
7000
, . V DAVIESS STEPHENSON
(6750-7250)
6000
, A MERCER
(5750- 6250)
"?1 1
5500 ( 5250-5 750)
5000 (4750- 5250)
4 500 (4250 - 4750)
Scale of Miles IO 30 30 40 SO
4000 (3 750- 4250)
Fig. 6.-Degree-day districts, with averages and ranges. Degree-days are the number of degrees of tem- flrl"re average daily temperature falls below 65° F., and are totalled for the heating
season.
DEGREE DAYS
37
Table 24. — Degree-Days for 47 Illinois Cities During 1944 and 1945, by Months, Compared with Normal Average Over the Period During Which Records Have Been Kept* b
|
Month |
Aurora (Pop. 47,170) |
Bloomington (Pop. 32,868) |
Cairo (Pop. 14,407) |
Carbondale (Pop. 8,550) |
||||
|
Mc |
Ac |
M |
A |
M |
A |
M |
A |
|
|
September |
0 403 690 1,364 1,457 1,064 527 450 341 |
30 403 810 1,178 1,333 1,120 930 510 186 |
0 403 630 1,271 1,333 924 279 330 248 |
0 310 720 1,085 1,209 1,316 806 300 62 |
0 93 450 961 961 700 248 120 31 |
0 155 510 806 899 756 527 210 0 |
0 186 510 1,054 1,054 784 310 210 93 |
0 |
|
October |
155 |
|||||||
|
November |
540 |
|||||||
|
December January |
686 930 |
|||||||
|
February |
784 |
|||||||
|
March |
558 |
|||||||
|
April |
240 |
|||||||
|
May . . |
0 |
|||||||
|
Total |
6,296 |
6,500 |
5,418 |
5,808 |
3,564 |
3,863 |
4,201 |
4,075 |
|
Departure from normal |
—204 |
—390 |
—299 |
+ 126 |
Month
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from normal
Decatur (Pop. 59,305)
0
248 600 1,271 1,271 868 372 360 217
5,207
0
279
690
1,054
1,178
1,008
744
360
62
5,375
Dixon (Pop. 10,671)
0
372
660
1,364
1,457
1,036
496
420
310
6,115
30
403
810
1,209
1,364
1,148
899
480
155
6,498
Effingham (Pop. 6,180)
0 310 630 1,240 1,240 896 403 360 248
5,327
0 248 660 992 1,085 924 682 330 31
4,952
Flora (Pop. 5,474)
0 217 570 1,116 1,116 812 341 270 124
4,566
0 248 630 961 1,054 896 650 300 31
4,771
-168
—383
+375
—205
|
Month |
Carlinville (Pop. 4,965) |
Charleston (Pop. 8,197) |
Chicago (Pop. 3, 396,808) |
Danville (Pop. 36,919) |
||||
|
September |
0 217 600 1,209 1,209 868 372 300 186 |
0 248 630 992 1,116 924 682 330 31 |
1,209 1,240 868 403 330 217 |
0 279 660 992 1,116 952 713 360 93 |
0 310 630 1,240 1,333 1,008 496 480 341 |
30 341 750 1,116 1,271 1,064 899 540 248 |
0 372 630 1,271 1,302 896 434 360 248 |
0 |
|
October November December January |
279 690 1,054 1,147 |
|||||||
|
February |
980 |
|||||||
|
March April |
744 390 |
|||||||
|
May |
62 |
|||||||
|
Total. . |
4,961 |
4,953 |
4,267 |
5,165 |
5,838 |
6,259 |
5,513 |
5,346 |
|
Departure from normal |
+ 8 |
—421 |
+ 167 |
Footnotes are given at end of table.
38
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 24. — (Continued)
|
Month |
Freeport (Pop. 22,366) |
Galva (Pop. 2,812) |
Greenville (Pop. 3,391) |
Harrisburg (Pop. 11,453) |
||||
|
M |
A |
M |
A |
M |
A |
M |
A |
|
|
September |
0 434 720 1,457 1,519 1,120 558 450 341 |
60 434 840 1,240 1,426 1,176 961 510 186 |
0 279 630 1,271 1,395 980 496 390 248 |
0 341 780 1,178 1,302 1,120 837 450 124 |
0 217 540 1,147 1.116 279 240 124 |
0 248 660 992 1,085 924 682 300 31 |
0 217 510 1,023 1.023 756 341 210 93 |
0 |
|
October |
155 |
|||||||
|
November |
510 |
|||||||
|
December January |
837 930 |
|||||||
|
February |
784 |
|||||||
|
March |
527 |
|||||||
|
April |
240 |
|||||||
|
May |
0 |
|||||||
|
Total |
6,599 |
6,833 |
5,689 |
6,132 |
3,663 |
4,922 |
4,173 |
3,983 |
|
Departure from normal |
—234 |
—443 |
+ 190 |
|
Month |
Havana (Pop. 3,999) |
Hoopeston (Pop. 5,381) |
Jacksonville (Pop. 19,844) |
Joliet (Pop. 42,365) |
||||
|
September |
0 279 600 1,240 1,302 896 403 300 217 |
0 270 690 1,054 1,178 1,008 744 360 155 |
0 341 630 1,302 1,364 924 434 390 248 |
0 341 690 1,085 1.178 1,008 775 420 93 |
0 248 |
0 279 |
0 403 450 1,395 1,488 1,064 558 480 372 |
0 |
|
October |
372 |
|||||||
|
November |
570 660 |
750 |
||||||
|
December |
1,240 1,271 868 403 270 186 |
1,054 1,147 980 744 360 62 |
1,036 |
|||||
|
January |
1,271 |
|||||||
|
February |
1,120 |
|||||||
|
March. . |
868 |
|||||||
|
April |
480 |
|||||||
|
May |
155 |
|||||||
|
Total |
5,237 |
5,459 |
5,633 |
5,590 |
5,056 |
5,286 |
6,210 |
6,082 |
|
Departure from normal |
—222 |
+43 |
—230 |
+ 128 |
|
Month |
Kankakee (Pop. 22,241) |
La Harpe (Pop. 1,322) |
Lincoln (Pop. 12,752) |
• McLeansboro (Pop. 2,528) |
||||
|
September |
0 341 630 1,302 1,395 840 465 480 279 |
30 341 720 1,116 1,240 1,008 806 480 155 |
0 279 630 1,271 1,364 980 465 360 248 |
0 310 720 1,116 1,209 1,064 806 420 93 |
0 310 600 1,271 1,302 896 403 330 217 |
0 310 690 1,054 1,178 1,008 775 390 62 |
0 124 480 1,023 1,023 756 279 180 372 |
0 |
|
October |
186 |
|||||||
|
November |
570 |
|||||||
|
December. . |
899 |
|||||||
|
January |
1,023 |
|||||||
|
February |
840 |
|||||||
|
March |
620 |
|||||||
|
April |
270 |
|||||||
|
May |
0 |
|||||||
|
Total |
5,732 |
5,896 |
5,597 |
5,738 |
5,329 |
5,467 |
4,237 |
4,408 |
|
Departure from normal |
—164 |
—141 |
—138 |
—171 |
DEGREE DAYS
39
Table 24. — (Continued)
M(
Marengo (Pop. 2,034)
Mascoutah (Pop. 2,294)
Minonk (Pop. 1,897)
M
M
M
Monmouth (Pop. 9,096)
M
A
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from normal
0
403
720
1.395
1,488
1,092
558
480
341
6,477
90
465
870
1,271
1,426
1,204
1,023
570
210
7,129
0
186
510
,085
,085
784
341
240
93
0 217 630 930 1,023 868 620 300
0
4,324
4,588
0 341 660 ,333 395 980 496 420 310
30
341
750
1,147
1,271
1,092
837
450
93
0 310 660 302 ,395 980 465 390 279
30
341
750
1,147
1,302
1,092
806
420
31
5,935
6,01:
5,781
5,919
-652
-264
—76
—128
Month
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from normal
Mt. Carmel (Pop. 6,987)
0
186
510
1.054
1,054
784
279
180
62
4,109
0 186 600 930 992 868 589 300
0
4,465
Mt. Carroll (Pop. 1,845)
Mt. Vernon (Pop. 14,724)
0
372
720
1,395
1,457
1,064
527
420
310
6,265
60
434
840
1.240
1,364
1,176
930
510
186
6,740
0
155
540
1,116
1,147
812
341
420
93
4,624
0 217 600 930 1,023 868 620 300
0
New Burnside
4,558
0
186
510
,054
,054
756
279
420
93
4,352
0
155 540 868 930 756 558 270 0
4,077
-356
—475
4-66
+275
Month
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from norm
Palestine (Pop. 1,626)
0 248 570 1,116 1,147 840 341 270 124
4,656
0 240 651 961 1,085 896 682 330 31
4,876
Pana (Pop. 5,966)
0
217 570 1,209 1,209 840 372 300 155
4,872
0
279
660
1,023
1,147
952
713
360
62
Paris (Pop. 9,281)
Peoria (Pop. 105,087)
0
279 630 1,240 1,240 868 372 330 186
5,196
5,145
0
279
690
1,054
1,147
980
775
390
62
5,377
0 341 660 333 395 980 496 390 279
5.874
0
372
780
1,116
1,271
1,036
806
420
93
5,894
-220
-324
-232
—20
40
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Table 24. — (Concluded)
Month
Pontiac (Pop. 9,585)
M
A
Quincy
(Pop. 40,469)
M
Rockford (Pop. 84,637)
M
Rushville (Pop. 2,480)
M
A
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from normal
0 310
630 1,271 1,364 980 434 390 248
30 310 690
1,085
1,209
1,036
806
420
93
0
217 570 1,209 1,240 896 372 270 155
0
217 630 992 1,147 924 713 330 0
0
372
660
1,364
1,457
1,064
527
450
341
30
403
810
1,209
364 176 930 510 186
0 279 630 1,271 1,302 924 465 330 217
0
279
720
1,054
1,178
1,008
744
360
62
5,627
5,679
4,929
4,953
6,235
6,618
5,418
5,405
52
24
-383
+ 13
|
Month |
Sparta (Pop. 3,664) |
Springfield (Pop. 75,503) |
Sycamore (Pop. 4,702) |
Urbana (Pop. 14,064) |
||||
|
0 124 510 1,054 1,054 756 310 210 93 |
0 186 570 899 992 840 589 270 0 |
0 217 600 1,209 1,271 896 403 300 186 |
0 279 690 1,023 1,147 980 744 360 62 |
0 434 720 1,395 1,488 1,092 558 480 372 |
60 434 840 1,209 1,364 1,176 961 540 217 |
0 310 630 1,271 1,302 896 434 390 248 |
0 |
|
|
310 |
||||||||
|
November |
720 |
|||||||
|
December January |
1,085 1,178 |
|||||||
|
February |
1,008 |
|||||||
|
March |
775 |
|||||||
|
April |
450 |
|||||||
|
May |
124 |
|||||||
|
Total |
4,111 |
4,346 |
5,082 |
5,285 |
6,539 |
6,801 |
5,481 |
5,680 |
|
Departure from normal |
—235 |
—203 |
—262 |
—199 |
Month
September
October
November
December
January
February
March
April
May
Total
Departure from normal
Walnut (Pop. 961)
0
372 660 ,333 ,426 ,008 465 420 279
5,963
196
30
341
780
1,178
1,302
1,120
868
450
90
6,159
Waukegan (Pop. 34,241)
0
372 660 ,333 ,426 ,064 527 480 372
6,234
-360
30
403
780
1,147
,302 ,092 961 600
279
6,594
Whitehall (Pop. 3,025)
0
217 540 178 209 840 372 270 155
4,781
-326
0
279
660
1,023
1,147
924
713
330
31
5,107
a Compiled from U. S. Dept. Commerce, Weather Bureau, Climatological Data.
b Population from Sixteenth Census of the United States. . ....
0 Column M — Monthly total for 1944-45 heating season. Column A — Normal monthly average for entire period during which records have been kept. (See Illinois Geol. Survey Rept. Inv. No. 87, table 16.)
FUEL BRIQUETS
41
Table 25. — Production of Fuel Briquets in the United States, 1943 and 1944
|
1943 |
1944 |
Percent of |
||||||
|
States |
No. of plants |
Net tons |
Value |
No. of plants |
Net tons |
Value |
1943 in |
|
|
Tonnage |
Value |
|||||||
|
Eastern Central Pacific Coast. . . |
4 21 3 |
544,786 1,493,368 125,844 |
$ 2,746,109 11,110,885 1,291.115 |
5 22 3 |
625,779 1,704.005 135,177 |
$ 3,393,595 13,680,036 1,360,948 |
14.9 14.1 7.4 |
23.6 23.1 5.4 |
|
Total |
28 |
2,163,998 |
$15,148,109 |
30 |
2,464,961 |
318,434,579 |
13.9 |
21.7 |
Fuel Briquets and Packaged Fuel
The principal locations for production of briquets are: ( 1 ) in the dock cities of the lake states, where enormous quantities of fines accumulate as a consequence of the rough handling of the coal in transit ; and (2) in the coal producing districts of West Virginia, Pennsylvania, and southern Illi- nois, where the nature of the coal results in a high percentage of fines being produced in the process of mining. Minor quantities are produced in other eastern and central states and on the Pacific coast.
Production of briquets. — The fuel briquetting industry exceeded the previous year's record for the sixth consecutive time in 1944, reaching a new high of 2,464,961 net tons valued at $18,434,579. This was an increase over 1943 of 13.9 percent in ton- nage and 21.7 percent in valuation. Of this amount 69 percent was produced in the central states, as shown in table 25.
This shows an increased lead for the central states over the remainder of the country from 42.5 percent in 1943 to 69 percent in 1944.
The briquetting industry was utilizing 28 percent of its total capacity at the beginning of the war in 1939. By 1944 it had geared production to 70.6 percent of its total capacity.
The states in the Upper Mississippi Valley again increased their lead over the remainder of the country as consumers of fuel briquets. Major consumers in this area are Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Illinois.
Briquets marketed in Wisconsin and Minnesota are manufactured mainly from low-volatile coal screenings obtainable on the lake docks and produced as a result of the double handling of coal from rail to lake and back to rail again at upper lake docks. In North Dakota and South Da- kota, the market is supplied by briquets manufactured from the lignites of North Dakota.
Table 26 gives the shipments of fuel briquets of domestic manufacture into the Illinois coal market area in 1942, 1943, and 1944.
Table 26. — Shipments of Fuel Briquets of Domestic Manufacture into the Illinois Coal Market Area, 1942-1944 (In tons)
|
Destination |
1942* |
1943b |
1944b |
|
Illinois |
65,709 48,868 47,392 10,731 4,954 303,497 172,269 35,111 96,912 73,744 317,627 |
85,174 48,071 61,150 12.018 3,757 487,122 202,562 38,693 94,172 84,585 425,258 |
90,358 49,235 90,379 16,595 3,477 515,671 254,360 44,900 125,331 118,811 448,313 |
|
Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota. . South Dakota . . Wisconsin |
|||
|
Total |
1,176,814 |
1,542,562 |
1,757,430 |
|
Total — United States |
1,600,300 |
1,970,143 |
2,278,480 |
|
Percent of U. S. total |
73.6 |
78.2 |
77.2 |
a U. S Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1175,
May 26. 1944. u I". S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1312, July
3. 1945.
|
Table 28. — Coke ane |
) Byproducts, Produced, Sold |
||
|
1941* |
|||
|
Quantity |
Value at |
alants |
|
|
Thousands of dollars |
Av. |
||
|
Coal used (M tons) |
5,142 1.40 3,661 71.20 |
$25,319 25,215 |
$4 92 |
|
Coal per ton of coke (tons) Coke produced (M tons) * |
6.89 6 89 |
||
|
Yield of coke (percent of coal used) |
|||
|
Plants in operation |
9 |
||
|
Byproduct ovens operating in Illinois: Koppers |
661 120 88 46 |
||
|
Koppers-Becker Semet-Solvay |
|||
|
Wilputte |
|||
|
Curran-Knowles Coal-gas retorts |
|||
|
Total operating Ovens under construction, Dec. 31 |
915 |
||
|
Sources of coal used (M tons) Illinois |
236 46 1,419 378 14 11 3,059 |
||
|
Indiana |
|||
|
Kentucky |
|||
|
Pennsylvania |
|||
|
Tennessee |
|||
|
Virginia |
|||
|
West Virginia |
|||
|
Total (M tons) |
5,163 |
||
|
Low volatile |
1,895 967 2,301 |
||
|
Medium volatile High volatile |
|||
|
Coke, sold or used by producer (M tons) Used by producer in blast furnace c Sold for furnace use Sold for foundry use |
2,585 8 354 734 94 |
16,723 40 3,811 4,909 677 |
6.48 5.00 10.73 |
|
Sold for domestic use |
6.71 |
||
|
Sold for industrial and other use |
7.29 |
||
|
Total sold or used |
3,775 |
26,160 |
6.92 |
|
Coke breeze produced (M tons) Coke breeze sold or used |
326 304 |
736 |
2.42 |
|
Coke-oven byproducts Ammonia produced (sulfate equiv.) (M lbs.) Sulfate equivalent sold (M lbs.) |
95,149 19.40 97,838 |
1,093 |
Oil |
|
Coke-oven gas produced (Millions cu. ft.) Used in heating ovens, boilers, etc |
51,267 24,601 25,535 |
2,234 4,289 |
.091 |
|
Surplus sold |
.168 |
||
|
Light oil and derivatives sold (M gals.) |
b b 38,218 7.43 31,575 b |
1,449 |
— |
|
Tar produced (M gals.) Tar and derivatives sold (M gals.) |
.046 |
||
|
Total byproducts sold or used |
— |
9,065 |
|
|
- |
$35,961 |
|
|
* Revised figures.
a U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbooks and Monthly Coal Report No. 207, June 29, 1945.
b Not available.
|
or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1941-1944a |
|||||||||
|
1942* |
1943* |
1944 |
|||||||
|
Value at |
plants |
Quantity |
Value at |
plants |
Quantity |
Value at |
plants |
Percent change in |
|
|
Quantity |
amount |
||||||||
|
Thousands |
Thousands |
Thousands |
from |
||||||
|
of dollars |
Av. |
of dollars |
Av. |
of dollars |
Av. |
1943 |
|||
|
5,225 |
$27,594 |
$5.28 |
5,170 |
$29,059 |
$5.62 |
5,482 |
$33,110 |
$6.04 |
+ 6.0 |
|
1.42 |
7.50 |
1.43 |
8.04 |
1.41 |
8.52 |
||||
|
3,690 |
27,364 |
7.42 |
3,627 |
29,379 |
8.10 |
3,879 |
34,074 |
8.78 |
+ 6.9 |
|
70.63 |
70.15 |
70.75 |
|||||||
|
9 |
11 |
9 |
|||||||
|
379 |
380 |
b |
|||||||
|
282 |
329 |
||||||||
|
120 |
120 |
||||||||
|
88 |
88 |
||||||||
|
46 |
46 |
||||||||
|
— |
12 |
||||||||
|
915 |
975 |
992 |
|||||||
|
124 |
75 |
— |
|||||||
|
227 |
218 |
||||||||
|
81 |
69 |
||||||||
|
1,523 |
1,505 |
||||||||
|
311 |
457 |
||||||||
|
13 |
|
||||||||
|
3,200 |
2,765 |
||||||||
|
5,355 |
5,014 |
b |
|||||||
|
1,905 |
1,419 |
||||||||
|
976 |
852 |
||||||||
|
2,474 |
2,743 |
||||||||
|
2,562 |
18,321 |
7.43 |
1,827 |
14,210 |
7.78 |
1,871 |
15,686 |
8.38 |
+ 2.4 |
|
152 |
1,210 |
8.03 |
1,054 |
8,785 |
8.33 |
1,107 |
9,400 |
8.49 |
+ 5.0 |
|
298 |
3,221 |
10.80 |
318 |
3,454 |
10.84 |
285 |
3,461 |
12.14 |
—10.4 |
|
585 |
3,964 |
6.78 |
344 |
2,288 |
6.65 |
506 |
4,662 |
9.21 |
+47.1 |
|
109 |
803 |
7.36 |
117 |
925 |
7.92 |
106 |
852 |
8.05 |
- 9.4 |
|
3,706 |
27,519 |
7.42 |
3,660 |
29,662 |
8.10 |
3,875 |
34,061 |
8.79 |
+ 5.9 |
|
321 |
|
|
344 |
|
|
374 |
|
— |
+ 8.7 |
|
330 |
791 |
2.40 |
338 |
939 |
2.78 |
311 |
933 |
3.00 |
- 8.0 |
|
95,466 |
97,070 |
102,909 |
+ 6.0 |
||||||
|
19.10 |
19.61 |
18.77 |
|||||||
|
95,696 |
1,096 |
.011 |
97,436 |
1,155 |
.012 |
84,050 |
1,056 |
.013 |
-13.7 |
|
50,672 |
— |
— |
49,870 |
— |
|
54,864 |
|
— |
+ 10.0 |
|
23,994 |
2,353 |
.099 |
24,618 |
3,374 |
.136 |
17.351 |
1,735 |
.10 |
—29.5 |
|
25,894 |
3,395 |
.131 |
23,603 |
3,726 |
.158 |
36,466 |
5,442 |
.149 |
+54.5 |
|
9,049 |
1,417 |
.156 |
9,620 |
1,298 |
.135 |
b |
b |
— |
|
|
1,480 |
26 |
.018 |
1,736 |
53 |
.031 |
b |
b |
— |
|
|
38,820 |
— |
39,462 |
— |
38,099 |
— |
— |
- 3.5 |
||
|
7.43 |
7.63 |
6.95 |
|||||||
|
29,713 |
1,601 |
.054 |
55,668 |
2,767 |
.05 |
37,810 |
2,023 |
.054 |
-32.1 |
|
b |
— |
— |
55 |
42 |
.776 |
b |
b |
— |
|
|
9,888 |
— |
12,415 |
— |
— |
10,256 |
— |
-17. 4d |
||
|
— |
$38,198 |
— |
— |
$43,016 |
— |
— |
$45,250 |
_ |
+ 5.2d |
c Includes gas used in making producer gas and water gas, d Percent change in value from 1943.
44
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 27. — -Production and Value of Packaged Fuel in Illinois, 1940-19443
|
Year |
Amount tons |
Value at plants |
Number |
|
|
Total |
Average |
of plants |
||
|
1940. . . 1941 . . . 1942... 1943b.. 1944 c.. |
3,813 8,924 4,980 3,081 1,837 |
$36,531 95,431 60,001 38,445 23,037 |
$ 9.60 10.60 12.05 12.48 12.55 |
6 6 6 4 4 |
a U. S. Bur. Mines Minerals Yearbooks.
b U. S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1175.
c U. S. Bur. Mines Mineral Market Report No. 1312.
The production of fuel briquets in Illi- nois is increasing, an important part of this
production being made from the deduster dust, a byproduct obtained in the prepa- ration of stoker fuel from southern Illinois coal. It is impossible to publish data on the production of fuel briquets in Illinois without revealing operations of individual concerns.
Coke and Byproducts
The year 1944 witnessed a new high in coke production in Illinois in response to the heavy demand of the iron and steel industry for metallurgical fuel. A statis- tical summary of the coke industry in Illi- nois is given in table 28.
PETROLEUM PRODUCTION
45
PETROLEUM AND GAS
Petroleum in 1944 — the National Picture
Petroleum production in the United States in 1944 again exceeded all previous records. Under stress of war demands, the industry produced 1,677,753,000 barrels, exceeding 1943 production by 172,140,000 barrels. Just before Pearl Harbor, the nation was using an average of 3.7 million barrels of crude petroleum daily. In 1944 this average stepped up 4.6 million barrels. Yet so great have been the demands of war that, in spite of this increase, it was neces- sary to impose sharp restrictions on the quantity of petroleum allotted to civilians.
Petroleum in World Wars I and II
It may be interesting to compare the petroleum industry in the United States in World Wars I and II, selecting the years 1917 and 1944 for comparison (table 29).
Estimated Reserves
The national picture of petroleum re- serves at the end of 1944 remained un- changed in the states that contribute to the Illinois refining industry. There were ad- ditions in Oklahoma, Illinois, Kentucky, and Michigan but there were losses in Kansas and Arkansas. The estimated reserve as of
Table 29. — Oil Production in Two Wars (In barrels)
United States
Five leading states in 1917:
Oklahoma
California
Kansas
Texas
Illinois
1917
335,315,000
107,507,000 93,878,000 36,536,000 32,413,000 15,777,000
1944
1,677,753,000
124,616,000 311,793,000
98,762,000 748,122,000
77,413,000
January 1, 1945 and preceding years is shown in table 30.
These estimates, which are prepared each year by the American Petroleum Institute, are conservative. They include only oil reserves in proved fields on production and quantities recoverable with existing methods of production at existing prices. It by no means is an evaluation of undiscovered or untested reserves or of the oil ultimately recoverable in this area. The figure for each year represents the estimated reserves as of the given date after deducting the quantity withdrawn during the year and adding the current discoveries, extensions, and upward revisions for existing pools.
Production
The production of oil in the United States, by states grouped according to pro-
Table 30. — Estimates of Proved Oil Reserves in the States Serving the
Illinois Area, Jan. 1, 1935-Jan. 1, 1945a
(Millions of barrels)
|
As of Jan. 1 |
Oklahoma |
Kansas |
Illinois |
Arkansas |
Kentucky |
Indiana |
Nebraska |
Michigan |
|
1945 1944 1943 1942 1941 1940 1939 1938 1937 1936 1935 |
970 909 969 1,036 1,002 1,063 1,162 1,212 1,141 1,235 |
602 646 687 690 692 726 613 601 568 390 |
321 295 307 334 315 382 243 41 28 37 |
293 297 300 295 306 320 188 192 84 103 |
41 35 35 36 41 44 38 38 39 50 |
31 31 32 23 14 14 6 3 3 5 |
1 1 2 |
65 55 64 56 35 51 43 49 44 64 |
a From reports of Committee on Petroleum Reserves, American Petroleum Institute.
46
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
<-. 4-1
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47
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ducing districts, is given in table 31 for the years 1939-1944. The total value of crude oil and related products produced or used in Illinois is given in table 32. The Illinois value in 1944 shows a moderate decline from that of 1943.
Prices of Crude Oil in 1944
Prices of crude petroleum products were subject to ceilings established by the Office of Price Administration. Subsidies were paid to producers for wells in the stripper class as defined by the O.P.A. regulations. No over-all data are available on the total sum paid to operators in Illinois, but such payments are in addition to the average value as shown in tables 33 and 34.
Table 33. — Average Value of Crude Oil in Illinois, 1937-1944a (Per barrel at wells)
1937 $1.33
1938 1.25
1939 1.07
1940 1.06
1941 1.30
1942 1.36
1943 *1.37
1944 1.37
* Revised figure.
a U. S. Bur. Mines, Minerals Yearbooks, and Monthly Petroleum Statement No. P. 258 — Mar. 5, 1945.
Gasoline
Table 35 shows a decline in stocks of crude oil in the United States but an in- crease over the year for both crude stocks and refined products in Illinois. In table 36 the effects of gasoline rationing are shown in the virtually constant level of con- sumption for the years 1943 and 1944.
1 a~,
OO <U 3
48
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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CRUDE OIL AND GASOLINE
49
Table 34. — Crude Oil Price Changes for Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio, 1944. a
Posted by Sohio Corp. {May 21, 1941)
Illinois basin b, including Griffin pool
Carmi, Storms (Illinois) area
Birk City (Kentucky) area
Corydon (Kentucky) area, Henderson
Posted by Ohio Oil Co. {May 21, 1941 )
Illinois basin
Eastern Illinois and Western Indiana
Posted by Carter Oil Co. {May 21, 1941) Louden, Fayette County, Illinois
Posted by Mohawk Oil Lines, Inc. {May 21, 1941) Southern Illinois
Posted by Ashland Oil & Transp. Co. {June 19, 1941) Somerset Oil in Ashland Lines, Ky.
Big Sandy River
Kentucky River
Posted by Owensboro-Ashland Co. {May 21, 1941) Owensboro (Kentucky) area
Posted by Sohio Corp. {Sept. 1,1941)
Lima, Ohio
Cleveland, Lodi & Chatham (Ohio) areas
December 27, 1944
$1.37 1.37 (Jan. 24, 1944) 1.37 1.37
1.37 1.22
1.37 1.37
1.38 1.43
,37
1.50 1.30
« Nat'l Petroleum News, Dec. 29, 1943, January 5, 1944, January 24, 1944, and December 27, 1944. b Also posted by the Texas Company.
Table 35. — Stocks of Crude Oil and Refined Products in the United States, in Illinois, and in
the Central Refining District, by Months, 1944a
(In thousands of barrels)
1943
January. . . February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August. . . . September October. . . November December.
Total crude stocks
United States
241 , 245 241,718 236,530 234,694 235,176 229,631 223,503 223,901 222,868 223 , 500 222,759 220,862
Illinois
14,375 14,454 14,487 13,371 13,004 12,966 13,356 13,425 13,819 13,783 13,709 16,095
Stocks of refined products
Central Refining District
Gasoline
17,490 19,184 20,739 20,297 20,037 18,477 18,400 17,302 16,093 16,080 16,566 19,765
Distillate fuel oilb
5,353 5,486 4,703 4,791 4,924 5,229 5,389 5,769 7,938 6,940 6,979 6,419
Residual fuel oilb
3,278 2,892 2,774 2,603 2,918 3,488 4,157 4,314 4,141 3,944 3,570 3,060
United States
Gasoli
81,509 84,752 87,100 88,373 86,712 81,984 80,502 78,466 76,986 78,274 80,574 86,830
a U. S. Bur. Mines Monthly Petroleum Statements. b Includes refinery and bulk stocks.
50
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 36.
-Gasoline Sold in Illinois, 1941-1944, by Months (Thousands of gallons)
1941
19421
1943*
19441
January. . . February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August. . . . September October. . . November December.
Total .
111,386 105,883 127,451 140,940 162,605 148,451 155,021 155,969 145,618 143,406 134,510 135,538
116,305 96,237 114,387 131,138 138,072 132,000 131,683 127,469 125,830 125,274 139,732 63,479
75,700
74,851
92,646
101,313
98,034
119,149
110,791
101,957
95,369
100,486
100,494
93,793
84,769
80,818
93,186
87,619
121,048
119,005
97,928
97,616
99,257
102,465
94,873
87,741
1,666,778
1,441,606
1,164,583
1,166,325
* Revised figures.
a Illinois Gasoline Tax Data: Illinois Gasoline Tax Evasion Committee, Monthly reports
b American Petroluem Institute.
Gaseous Fuels in Illinois in 1944
Gas, both natural and manufactured, con- stitutes an important fuel in certain Illinois industries and localities, particularly Chi- cago and its environs, as shown in table 37.
Natural gas is obtained from fields both within the State and by importation from three fields in the Midcontinent — the Hugoton field in Kansas, the Amarillo field in the Panhandle of Texas, and the Monroe field in northern Louisiana. The Hugoton gas field supplies cities in central Illinois. The City of Chicago and its environs is supplied by pipelines from the Amarillo field, and the St. Louis industrial district is supplied from Monroe, Louisiana. The above named fields supplying Illinois are primarily gas fields.
About 5 percent of the natural gas used in Illinois is obtained within the State. Most of this production is associated with the output of petroleum, although there are two small gas fields in Illinois which have also contributed to the supply.
Manufactured gas is obtained principally as a byproduct of the coking and blast fur- nace industry and petroleum refining, although a considerable portion is manufac- tured in gas producers for sale to the public.
The gas manufactured as a byproduct of the coking industry, blast furnace opera-
tions, and the refining of petroleum, is used primarily in plant operations, and only a small surplus is sold to the public through the utilities. For example, the low calo- rific gas resulting from blast furnace opera- tions may be used as a fuel for operating the compressor engines or heating the stoves of a blast furnace plant. Surplus gas from a byproduct coking process may be used in the open-hearth furnace, in the soaking pits, or in several re-heat operations.
The principal outlet of manufactured gas is in manufacturing industries; the public utilities use natural gas or mixed gas in which natural gas is the more important ingredient.
The economics of gas distribution through public utilities in Illinois is of interest be- cause the conditions of distribution and the rates are affected by the cost of transmission from distant fields and the seasonality of the domestic heating load.
Because of the long transmission distance, approximately 900 miles, and the high over- head cost involved, it is advantageous to maintain a full load in the line if a market can be found for surplus gas in off-peak periods. The seasonality of demand in the house-heating load is shown in table 39. This, together with gas for cooking and water heating, returns the highest gross rev- enue to the utilities. The load in the sum-
GASEOUS FUEL
51
Table 37. — Consumption of Natural Gas and Manufactured Gas in Illinois, 1943 and 1944s
Total sales to ultimate consumers
Number of customers
Therms usedb
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Residential sales, excl. of space heating
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Residential space heating sales
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Total commercial sales
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Industrial non-interruptible
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Industrial interruptible
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Public street and highway lighting
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
Other sales to public authorities
Number of customers
Therms used
Revenue
Revenue per therm, cents
1943
1,455,830
958,349,542
$66,176,615
6.95
1,319,122
190,727,531
$32,578,387
17.08
59,829
130,870,210
$10,534,688
8.05
68,760
86,423,136
$7,573,681
8.79
7,838
139,818,748
$7,645,316
5.47
162
409,670,604
$7,775,390
1.90
3
461,591
$30,951
6.75
116
377,722
$38,202
10.11
1944
1,471,759
981,668,315
$67,665,782
6.89
1,335,074
197,740,370
$33,447,945
16.92
59,561
122,862,765
$9,949,049
8.10
68,695
88,322,730
$7,610,588
8.62
8,189 163,969,928
$8,772,445 5.35
168
408,035,182
$7,828,378
1.92
3
476,600
$31,942
6.70
69
260,740
$25,405
9.77
■Source: Illinois Commerce Commisson, Rates and Research Section, Research Bulletin 41 "A therm is 100,000 B.t.u.'s.
mer season, however, is very low, as for example in August 1944, the load for this month was 17 percent of the yearly average and 4 percent of the January load, the month of highest consumption. The trans- mission system, however, is maintained at full capacity by offering gas for industrial use at especially low rates but subject to a "cut-off" clause which permits the utility
to shut off the supply to the industrial con- sumer on short notice in order to take care of sudden increases in the load among domestic users. Under these conditions, the utility can profitably dispose of surplus gas during off-peak periods at a price merely above the cost of the gas without charges to overhead, since the latter are unchanged by the full capacity operation of the pipe-line
52
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 38. — Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois, 1944,
by Uses and by Months a
(In thousands of therms)
Month
January. . . February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August
September October. . . November December.
Total.
Residential
sales
exclusive of
space
heating
16,640 16,235 16,558 16,390 16,456 16,678 15,867 14,925 16,253 17,230 17,104 17,269
197,605
Residential
space
heating
20,727
17,711
18,374
15,461
9,242
3,863
2,116
1,753
2,219
4,791
9,179
17,428
122,864
Industrial
interruptible
sales
32,205 29,892 31,230 32,451 37,313 38,962 40,985 38,392 35,803 33,206 31,638 25,920
407,997
Commercial- industrial non-inter-
ruptible and other sales
8,278 7,802 7,804 8,416 8,265 6,728 6,396 5,967 6,256 7,220 8,303 7,748
89,183
Industrial
non-inter-
ruptible
sales
11,273 11,517 12,583 14,127 14,849 14,151 13,688 14,660 14,708 15,510 14,249 12,700
164,015
Total
89,123 83,157 86,549 86,845 86,125 80,382 79,052 75,697 75,239 77,957 80,473 81,065
981,664
aFi
from "Monthly Summary of Gas Sales in Illinois," Illinois Gas Utilities, Rates and Research Section.
Table 39. — Value of Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois, by Uses and by Months'1 (In thousands of dollars)
1944,
Month
January. . . February. .
March
April
May
June
July
August. . . . September October. . . November December.
Total. ..
Residential
sales
exclusive
of space
heating
2,779 2,731 2,758
749 777 828 719 616 799 921 883 878
$33,438
Residential
space
heating
$ 1,542
1,342
1,388
1,192
770
393
257
228
269
465
771
1,332
$9,949
Industrial
interruptible
sales
628 595 619
633 699 726
747 713 677 646 621 523
$7,827
Commercial
and other sales
776 743 747 725 651 551 507 481 510 573 663 750
$7,677
Industrial
non-inter-
ruptible
sales
680 694 734 742 749 712 693 731 740 779 768 755
,777
Total
$ 6,405 6,105 6,246 6,041 5,646 5,210 4,923 4,769 4,995 5,384 5,706 6,238
$67,668
Figures from "Monthly Summary of Gas Sales in Illinois," Illinois Gas Utilities, Rates and Research Section.
and have already been calculated in the rates charged for firm loads. The importance of the industrial interruptible sales from the point of view of quantity of gas delivered is shown in table 38.
The revenues for the several types of services are shown in table 39. The growth of the several classes of consumer demand over a period of several years is shown in table 40.
STONE, ROCK PRODUCTS
53
Table 40. — Gas Sales to Ultimate Consumers in Illinois,
by Principal Uses, 1940-1944a
(In thousands of therms)
|
Uses |
1940 |
1941 |
1942 |
1943* |
1944 |
|
Residential sales exclusive of space heating |
176,266 107,312 73,413 74,181 377,970 847 |
176,357 105,520 76,679 95,180 378,658 954 |
182,250 124,068 85,137 109,234 449,508 1,137 |
190,728 130,870 86,423 139,819 409,671 839 |
197,740 |
|
Residential space heating sales Commercial sales Industrial non-interruptible Industrial interruptible Public agencies |
122,863 88,323 163,970 408,035 737 |
||||
|
Total |
809,989 |
833,348 |
951,334 |
958,350 |
981,668 |
* Revised figures.
a Illinois Commerce Commission, Rates and Research Section, Research Bulletins Nos. 3 5, 40, 41.
STONE, ROCK PRODUCTS
Limestone, Dolomite, and Marl
Production of limestone, dolomite, and marl in Illinois in 1944 amounted to 10,- 655,800 tons, valued at the plants at $10,677,100. This was a decrease of about 7 percent in amount from that of the pre- vious year. Details of production are given in table 41 and 42, by kind and by use.
Commercial and government-and-contrac- tor operations. — Production of commercial operations is separated from that of govern- ment-and-contractor operations, which in- clude the following: State of Illinois, coun- ties, townships, and municipalities, produced either by themselvs or by contractors ex- pressly for their use. Purchases by govern- ment agencies from commercial producers are included in commercial operations. Government-and-contractor operations de- clined 16 percent, compared with 7 percent decline for commercial operations. Gov- ernment-and-contractor operations produced only 2 percent of the total tonnage of stone.
A g st one Used in Illinois in 19 UU- — Re- ports of producers to the Illinois State Geological Survey show that the amount of agstone (ground limestone, dolomite, and marl) used for soil improvement in Illinois during 1944 amounted to more than 4,210,- 000 tons (table 43). This was more than 30 percent increase over that used in 1943 and establishes a new all-time high record.
This remarkable increase in production of agstone resulted because a few larger producers concentrated on agstone and really made it "big business." Out of 25 plants, each of which reported more than 50,000 tons sold during the year, 19 plants sold considerably more than during the previous year. Out of 90 plants, each of which reported less than 50,000 tons sold, 70 plants made small increases. Many pro- ducers, large and small, suffered from scarcity of labor and difficulty in securing truck transportation and repairs, due to wartime conditions.
54
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
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LIMESTONE, DOLOMITE, MARL
55
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||||
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cr u |
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Fig. 7. — Annual production of stone (limestone, dolomite, marl) in Illinois, 1920-1944. (The 20-year average is based on data for 1920-1939 inclusive.)
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58
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 UU
DAVIE3S : STEPHENSON'S/WINN
'¥777X7,
AVERAGE IN
POUNDS PER ACRE
Less than 200
200 - 299^ 300 - 399 400 - 499
.. > 500 and ove
Fig. 8. — Agstone used in Illinois in 1944. County averages are given in pounds per acre
of arable land.
A GST ONE
59
Table 44. — Agstone Used in Illinois Annually, 1927-1944'
|
Year |
Tons |
Value |
Av. |
Year |
Tons |
Value |
Av. |
|
1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 |
647,155 565,001 947,798 868,426 268,874 164,933 227,466 491,644 |
$579,639 511,005 843,693 740,785 241,376 140,969 165,667 319,604 |
$0.90 .91 .89 .86 .90 .86 .73 .65 |
1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 |
379,555 1,114,466 1,310,513 1,251,263 1,497,458 2,365,663 3,084,855 3,866,568 3,236,477 4,214,600 |
$ 268,139 871,862 1,279,981 1,247,150 1,318,173 1,999,850 2,873,536 3,600,313 3,175,108 4,388,886 |
$0.71 .78 .97 1.00 .88 .84 .93 .93 .98 1.04 |
a U. S. Bur. of Mines, 1927-29; canvass by 111. Agr. Assoc, 1930; canvass by 111. Geol. Survey, 1931-44.
The progressive increase in the use of agstone on Illinois farms during the years for which figures are available is shown in table 44.
During 1944, agstone was produced in 48 of the 102 counties of the State. Of the total amount used during the year, 92.5 percent was produced in Illinois.
Table 45 gives the use of agstone by counties in Illinois during 1944, showing the amounts produced in Illinois and in other states. It also shows the arable land in each county and the average quantity of ag- stone used, in pounds per acre of arable land. These data are from producers who reported sales of agstone in specific coun- ties, or are estimates by county farm advis- ers, whichever is the larger. Production not accounted for in either of the above figures is given at the bottom of the table marked ''counties not specified." The total
Table 46. — Agstone Produced in Other States
and Used in Illinois, 1939-1944a
(In tons)
|
Amount |
Percent of |
|
|
Year |
sold in |
total Illinois |
|
Illinois |
consumption |
|
|
1939 |
71,775 |
5.1 |
|
1940 |
106,912 |
5.9 |
|
1941 |
95,226 |
3.2 |
|
1942 |
171,035 |
4.5 |
|
1943 |
166,518 |
5.3 |
|
1944 |
314,800 |
7.5 |
a From canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey.
amount used in Illinois is based on actual deliveries in Illinois reported by producers. Table 46 gives the total amount of ag- stone produced in other states but marketed in Illinois. Table 47 gives the total amount produced in Illinois which was marketed in other states.
Table 47.
Agstone Produced in Illinois and Marketed in Other States, 1939-1944a (In tons)
|
Year |
Wisconsin |
Iowa |
Missouri |
Kentucky |
Indiana |
Other States |
Total |
|
1939. . . |
|
|
441 |
4,751 |
3,527 |
19,450 |
28,169 |
|
1940. . . |
950 |
— |
353 |
5,450 |
3,800 |
15,225 |
25,778 |
|
1941 . . . |
— |
100 |
867 |
940 |
1,800 |
1,125 |
4,832 |
|
1942. . . |
450 |
— |
203 |
9,700 |
28,811 |
19,853 |
59,017 |
|
1943 . . . |
— |
11,000 |
1,192 |
1,000 |
34,579 |
28 , 200 |
75,971 |
|
1944 . . . |
— |
7,683 |
8 |
8,900 |
46,302 |
110,318 |
173,211 |
* From canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey.
60
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 45. — Agstone Used in Illinois, by Counties, 1943 and 1944f
County
Adams
Alexander. . .
Bond
Boone
Brown
Bureau
Calhoun ....
Carroll
Cass
Champaign .
Christian . . .
Clark
Clay
Clinton
Coles
Cook
Crawford . . . Cumberland.
DeKalb
DeWitt
Douglas .... DuPage ....
Edgar
Edwards. . . . Effingham . .
Fayette
Ford
Franklin. . . .
Fulton
Gallatin
Greene
Grundy
Hamilton. . . Hancock. . . . Hardin
Henderson . .
Henry
Iroquois
Jackson
Jasper
Jefferson. . . .
Jersey
JoDaviess. . . Johnson . . . . Kane
Kankakee. . .
Kendall
Knox
Lake
LaSalle
Lawrence. . .
Lee
Livingston . .
Logan
McDonough
Total used in 1943
(Tons)
65,551 8,374 20,080 12,342 15,000
32,862 15,906 34,800 14,096 26,869
56,176 52,300 23,083 34,732 37,059
39,140
38,755 19,413 25,910
4,797
10,519 26,790 35,281 19,524 36,019
29,604 20,531 23,556 12,492 13,325
20,622 27,098 14,184 44,015 7,651
30,600 67,633
75,273 21,745 42,923
57,022 12,300 25,300 10,687 21,445
81,355 30,588 35,054 7,858 71,965
10,052 77,018 34,927 21,617 20,267
Tons used in 1944
Produced in in Illinois
49,000 9,200 39,100 15,700 10,000
95,800 16,000 33,000 25,000 29,700
51,700 40,300 13,000 35,500 30,000
46,400 24,600 30,000 50,000 4,500
4,000 26,100 30,000
8,500 32,500
18,000 20,000 13,000 7,900 30,000
17,700 18,000 9,600 43,000 31,300
54,700 75,100 56,900 21,100 50,300
22,200 17,500 29,200 9,000 71,000
64,000
30,000
29,600
9,600
125,000
11,600 125,000 87,700 79,700 29,700
Produced in other states
900
5,500
300
17,100 1,500
5,400
8,400 7,000
2,500
4,200 3,100
6,100 4,000
700
14,900
3,100
49,800 800
27,600
4,000
300
Total used in Illinois
49,000 9,200 40,000 15,700 10,000
101,300 16,000 33,000 25,000 30,000
51,700 40,300 30,100 37,000 30,000
46,400 30,000 30,000 50,000 4,500
4,000 26,100 30,000 16,900 39,500
20,500 20,000 17,200 11,000 30,000
17,700 18,000 15,700 47,000 31,300
55,400 90,000 60,000 21 , 100 50,300
72,000 17,500 30,000 9,000 71,000
64,000
30,000
57,200
9,600
125,000
15,600 125,000 87,700 79,700 30,000
Acres of
arable land
(1939 census)
252,446
49,866
122,224
115,849
71,549
352,777 62,607 151,498 137,405 487,052
317,469
147,721 147,932 184,463 204,186
174,178 129,019 111,117 300,180 178,758
203,651 98,841
255,054 79,811
153,841
207,106
235,032 101,537 267,772 102,638
164,814 193,637 126,415 265,043 21,367
127,291 327,034 536,438 147,931 174,186
146,453 104,793 144,530 59,742 210,186
300,394 150,326 253,753 108,847 506,546
122,007 317,176 522,760 305,432 225,530
Pounds used per acre
1943 1944
519 336 329 213 419
186 508 459 205 110
354 708 312 377 363
449 601 349
173
54
103
542 277 489 468
286 175 464 93 260
250 280 224 332 716
481 414 281 294 492
779 235 350 358 204
542 407 276 144 284
165 486 134 142 180
"Compiled from canvass madeby Illinois Geological Survey, in cooperation with Illinois Agricultural Association and Midwest Agricultural Limestone Institute.
A GST ONE
61
Table 45. — (Concluded)
County
McHenry. . . McLean ....
Macon
Macoupin. . . Madison. . . .
Marion
Marshall
Mason
Massac
Menard
Mercer
Monroe
Montgomery Morgan. . . . Moultrie. . . .
Ogle
Peoria
Perry
Piatt
Pike
Pope
Pulaski
Putnam .... Randolph. . . Richland
Rock Island. St. Clair. . . .
Saline
Sangamon . .
Schuyler. . . .
Scott
Shelby
Stark
Stephenson.. Tazewell. . . .
Union
Vermilion. . . Wabash ....
Warren
Washington.
Wayne
White
Whiteside. . .
Will.
Williamson. .
Winnebago. . W'oodford . . . County not specified. .
Total
Total used in 1943
(Tons)
27,407 102,245 36,074 25,009 26,106
38,733 13,896 21,231 20,180 15,526
20,429 35,712 53,955 9,300 32,926
40,134
52,807 16,170 11,655
14,547
7,856
7,158
7,852
45,876
16,686
30,107
73,599
20,581
42,922
7,100
4,138 33,731 11,676 42,000 16,958
19,130 43,750 8,705 58,930 38,281
48,486 21,049 75,636 55,229 15,920
35,000 19,024
140,970
Tons used in 1944
Produced in in Illinois
3,236,477
40,200 75,000 33,600 16,200 40,000
17,200 10,600 33,000 11,000 21,400
17,300 39,400 35,100 20,000 16,100
60,000 75,000 10,500 19,600 40,000
6,500 12,500 1 1 , 800 43,400 10,900
74,300 78,400 23,700 60,500 2,500
15,000 36,500 10,300 50,000 30,000
24,700 50,000 6,900 74,700 23,700
18,500 49,200 82,500 39,100 24,500
25,000 21,200
405,300
3,899,800
Produced in other states
200 600
20,400
2,700
1,600
700
6,300 400
6,600 13,500
700
2,500
3,100
300
31,300
41,500 6,200 2,500
500
6,000
314,800
Total used in Illinois
40,200 75,000 33 , 800 16,800 40,000
37,600 10,600 33,000 11,000 21,400
20,000 39,400 36,700 20,000 16,800
60,000 75,000 16,800 20,000 40,000
6,500 12,500 11,800 50,000 24,400
75,000 78,400 23,700 60,500 2,500
15,000 36,500 12,800 50.000 30,000
24,700 50,000 10,000 75,000 55,000
60,000 55,400 85,000 39.100 25,000
25,000 21,200
411,300
4,214,600
Acres of
arable land
(1939 census)
211,577 557,076 263,970 263,157 256,470
171,342 158,028
225,535
56,261
128,395
190,569 144,902 248,528 220,259 154,637
309,633 203,084 126,300 210,451 232,460
52,202
53,830
56,148
196,442
132,767
127,185 229,600 99,227 358,668 123,785
87,070 283,990 121,264 212,702 265,832
94,140 390,901
80,345 210,953 211,504
215,527 189,016 274,505 345,147 86,222
180,603
222,776
Pounds used per acre
1943
20,201,195
259 367 273 190 204
452 176 188
717 242
214 493 434 84 426
259 520 256 111 125
301 266
278 467
252
474 641 415 239 115
95 238 192 395 128
407
224 217 559 362
450
222 551 321 369
388
171
Av.
318
1944
380 269 254 128 311
440 134 293 391
332
210 544 297 182 218
388 740 267 190 343
249 464 420 510
368
1180 680
477
337
41
345 258 212 470 226
525 256 250 710
517
558 570 618
227 581
277 190
Av. 417
62
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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64
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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REFRACTORY
DOLOMITE
50
HYDRATED LIME
• \
1920
1925
1930
1935
1945
Fig. 9. — Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois, 1920-1944. (The 20-year average is based on quantities for 1920-1939 inclusive.)
GANNISTER AND SANDSTONE
65
Cement. — Shipments of cement by pro- ducers in Illinois during 1944 amounted to 3,641,285 barrels, valued at the plants at $5,662,035. This was a decrease of 20.6 percent from that of the previous year. Detailed data on cement shipments are given in table 48.
Lime. — Production of lime in Illinois in 1944 amounted to 280,935 tons, valued at $2,183,063. There was a decrease of 27 percent from that of the previous year, as shown in table 49.
Annual shipments of cement and lime by producers in Illinois are shown graphically in figure 9, beginning with 1920, compared to the 20-year average, which is based on shipments for 1920—1939 inclusive.
Mineral wool. — There was a decrease in mineral wool production in 1944 compared to that of the previous year, as shown in table 50.
Ganister and Sandstone Ganister is a siliceous material found in Union and Alexander counties of southern Illinois. It is used for refractory purposes. (See table 51.)
Sandstone and miscellaneous stone are produced in various parts of the State for riprap, rubble, foundations and road work, mostly by government-and-contractor opera- tions. (See table 51.)
Table 51. — Ganister and Sandstone*, Sold or
Used by Producers in Illinois, 1942-1944b
(In tons)
|
Year |
Amount |
Value at plants |
|
|
Total |
Average |
||
|
1942c 1943 c 1944 |
2,948 1,045 548 |
39,376 6,557 4,774 |
$3.18 6.27 8.71 |
a Includes ganister for refractory purposes; and sandstone
for rubble, foundations and riprap. b Compiled from join canvass made by Illinois Geological
Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines. c In previous reports, included in "Miscellaneous Minerals.
66
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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CLAY AND CLAY PRODUCTS
67
CLAYS, CLAY PRODUCTS
Clays and clay products (including fuller's earth and silica refractories) sold and shipped by producers in Illinois in 1944, were valued at $15,904,500, and retained the position of the fourth largest mineral industry in Illinois, ranking next to coal, petroleum, and stone and rock products.
Clays Including Fuller's Earth
Clays (including fuller's earth) which were sold and shipped as such, amounted to 230,800 tons, valued at the mines or pits at $890,000, an increase of 4 percent over the previous year, as shown in table 52. Clays used by their producers in the manu- facture of clay products at their own plants are not included but are reported separately in the resultant clay products in table 53.
Comparing the uses of clays, the most significant change was the large increase in nonceramic uses. Clays sold for nonceram- ic purposes amounted to 109,000 tons, valued at more than $658,000. This was 24.5 percent more than the previous year, and was caused by an increase of 34 percent in clays used for bonding foundry sands, 49 percent increase in that for fillers, and 7 percent increase in clays used for oil re- fining and cleaners.
Ceramic uses of clays, totaling 121,800 tons, valued at $232,000 showed a decrease of 9 percent. This was due to decrease in clays sold for laying and daubing refrac- tories. Clays sold for manufacture of whiteware and for fire brick and retorts showed increases which were relatively large compared with the production for the pre- vious year.
Clay Products Including Silica Refractories
Clay products (including silica refrac- tories) sold and shipped by producers in
Illinois in 1944, with comparative data for 1943, are shown in table 53.
Refractories, clay and silica, amounted to more than 200,000 tons, valued at $4,- 053,000. This was 23 percent less than in the previous year, due to the completion of various war production plants under con- struction during 1943.
Structural clay products amounted to 727,500 tons, valued at $4,196,000 a de- crease of 12 percent from the previous year. Shipments of common brick were 10 percent more than in 1943, and shipments of sewer pipe, flue lining and wall coping increased 5 percent. All other structural clay prod- ucts were less in volume than in the previous year because of the sharp decline in civilian construction, due to the war. The value of structural clay products in Illinois in a more normal year is indicated by the aver- age value of the three immediate prewar years, which was $7,340,000.
Whiteware and pottery shipments for 1944 were valued at $6,764,600, a decrease of 8 percent in value from the previous year. Because of the wide variety in sizes of whiteware and pottery, comparison is made by value of products instead of by quantity, Flowerpots increased 23 percent and art pottery 2 percent. All other classifications showed decreases. Some whiteware plants were engaged exclusively in the manufac- ture of war products during 1944.
Total clays and clay products sold and shipped in Illinois in 1944 were valued at plants at $15,904,500, a decrease of 12 per- cent from the previous year. This reduction was due primarily to decreases in production of refractories and whiteware.
Annual sales of clays and clay products by producers in Illinois for the past six years are shown graphically in figure 10.
68
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
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CLAY AXD CLAY PRODUCTS
69
(S) *25
3 320
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1940
942
1943
1944
Fig. 10. — Annual sales of clavs and clav products bv producers in Illinois,
1939-1944.
70
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
UK
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H
BUILDING
71
54.
-Value of Building Permits Issued in Illinois by Months and by Type, in 1944a
|
Valuation fin thousands of dollars) |
||||||||
|
Month |
Number of dwelling units |
All building construc- tion (including additions, etc.) |
New residential buildings |
New non-residential buildings |
||||
|
Total |
Federal |
Total |
Federal |
Total |
Federal |
Total |
Federal |
|
|
January February March |
373 459 432 709 692 597 354 746 471 812 357 494 |
0 0 0 120 0 0 0 400 0 60 0 0 |
4,152 3,864 3,969 5,448 7,072 12,008 4,041 7,127 4,787 7,711 5,247 4,667 |
1,390 191 0 845 1,491 1,026 314 2,648 724 1,706 592 340 |
1,700 0 2,055 0 1,988 0 |
1,572 1,325 1,151 178 505 0 |
||
|
April May |
2,977 2,967 2,308 1,562 2,885 1,811 3,472 1.655 2,371 |
193 0 0 0 1,473 0 193 0 0 |
1,334 648 2,183 1.487 |
|||||
|
June |
8,043 1,027 |
939 |
||||||
|
Tulv |
277 |
|||||||
|
August |
2,626 1.171 |
|||||||
|
September October November December |
1,862 2,821 2,260 1,137 |
707 1,419 581 323 |
||||||
|
Total 1944 |
6,496 |
580 |
70,093 |
1 1 , 267 |
27,751 |
1,859 |
26,521 |
9,055 |
|
Total, 1943 |
6,697 |
1,500 |
85,378 |
46,026 |
29.476 |
7,597 |
44,582 |
38.319 |
|
Percent change from 1943 |
— 17.9 |
—5.8 |
—40.5 |
a As reported to U. S. Dept. of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statstics. See monthlv reports on "Building Construction for 1944.
Building Construction
Building activity in 1944 was character- ized by a sharp decline in construction by the Federal Government. Only three new projects were listed under this type of con- struction, although each month of the year
showed some activity in additions and ex- tensions. In addition to the sharp decline in federally sponsored construction it is note- worthy that private residential building showed only a slight decline. The month- by-month record is shown in table 54.
72
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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SAND AND GRAVEL
73
SAND AND GRAVEL
Silica sand. — Production of silica sand amounted to 3,331,185 tons valued at $4,642,979 (table 55). This was a decrease in amount of nearly 8 percent under that of 1943, but Illinois continued to hold first place among the states in the production of silica sand for steel molding sand and for glass sand.
Ground silica. — During 1944 the Illinois production of ground silica or, silica flour, made by fine grinding of washed silica sand, amounted to 156,353 tons, valued at the plants at $1,076,785. As shown in table 56 this was a decrease of 10 percent in amount from the previous year.
Tripoli {"amorphous" silica). — Produc- tion of tripoli ("amorphous" silica) in Illi- nois during 1944 amounted to 10,431 tons, valued at the plants at $174,732 as given in table 57. Illinois ranked first among
the states in production of tripoli. This material is used as an abrasive, polish, filler, and for many other purposes.
Other sand and gravel. — Table 58 shows sand (other than silica sand) and gravel, sold or used by producers in Illinois in 1943 and 1944. The total of all sand and gravel produced in 1944 amounted to 11,961,345 tons, valued at the plants at $8,909,951 which was a decrease of 14 percent in amount from 1943.
Commercial and gov ernment-and-contrac- tor operations. — About 650,000 tons, or 5 percent of the sand and gravel produced in Illinois during 1944 came from government- and-contractor operations: The State of Illinois, counties, townships, and municipali- ties produced either by themselves or by contractors expressly for their use. Pur-
Table 56. — Ground Silica, Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1943 and 1944a
|
1943 |
1944 |
Percent |
|||||
|
Use |
Amount tons |
Value at plants |
Amount tons |
Value at plants |
change in amount from 1943 |
||
|
Total |
Av. |
Total |
Av. |
||||
|
Abrasive Enamel and glass Foundry and filler Pottery, porcelain and tile Other uses |
53,347 5,804 *77,190 26,479 *il,034 |
$358,256 42,844 *540,463 199,886 * 77,320 |
$6.72 7.38 *7.00 7.55 *7.00 |
46,853 6,111 71,029 15,067 17,293 |
$317,759 45.497 500,694 94.906 117.929 |
$6.78 7.42 7.05 6.30 6.86 |
—12.2 + 5.3 — 8.0 —43.1 +56.7 |
|
Total |
173,854 |
$1,218,769 |
$7.01 |
156,353 |
$1,076,785 |
$6.88 |
—10.1 |
* Revised figures.
a Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Alines
Table 57. — Tripoli ("Amorphous" Silica), Sold or Used by Producers in Illinois, 1943 axd 1944a
1 Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines.
|
1943 |
1944 |
||||||
|
Use |
Amount tons |
Value at plants |
Amount tons |
Value at plants |
Percent change in |
||
|
Total |
Av. |
Total |
Av. |
amount from 1943 |
|||
|
Abrasive Filler and other uses . . . |
3,182 7,021 |
$ 51,889 116,869 |
$16.31 16.65 |
3,210 7,221 |
$53,577 121,155 |
$16.69 16.78 |
+ 0.9 + 2.8 |
|
Total |
10,203 |
$168,758 |
$16.54 |
10,431 |
$174,732 |
$16.75 |
+ 2.2 |
74
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
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76
SAND AND GRAVEL
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46
pIG ii —Annual production and value of sand and gravel and silica sand in Illinois,
1920-1944.
chases by government agencies from com- mercial producers are included in commer- cial operations.
Annual production and value of sand and gravel (including silica sand) in Illinois is shown graphically in figure 11 for each year since 1920. The average value per ton is also given for each year. The large
increase since 1939 is notable. The annual value for 1942, which established an all-time record, was the result of the great increases in the use of silica sand for steel molding sand and the large increases in the use of other sands for various industrial needs. All of these industrial uses were greatly affected by the production of war materials.
FLUORSPAR
11
FLUORSPAR
Fluorspar Industry in 1944 production
According to the Bureau of Mines, United States Department of the Interior, the fluorspar industry in the United States produced and shipped more than 400,000 tons of finished fluorspar in 1944 for the second consecutive year (table 59). Both production and shipment of finished fluor- spar reached new peaks in 1944, when con- sumption for the first time exceeded 400,000 tons.
Production of finished fluorspar from do- mestic ore was 413,781 net tons in 1944 as compared with 406,016 net tons in 1943, or an increase of 2 percent over 1943, which was itself a record year. The output of metallurgical-grade fluorspar was greater than the requirements, and ceramic-grade fluorspar was again adequate for the demand in that field. However, the consumption of acid-grade fluorspar increased so steadily that production was unable to keep pace except by milling some acid-grade Mexican ore which is of substantially higher purity than the domestic milling ore and so lends itself to a much higher recovery. From this Mexican ore, flotation mills in the United States recovered 4,855 tons of con-
centrates in 1944, which were not included in the statistics on production or shipments. In spite of the fact that shipments in Illinois dropped 11 percent from its 1943 record, which reached an all-time high of 198,789 net tons, to 176,259 tons, it not only maintained its rank as the chief pro- ducing state in 1944, but also supplied 43 percent of the total shipments, as shown in table 59. Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and Utah established new records in 1944, and Kentucky after declining for two suc- cessive vears showed a slight upward trend in 1944.
CONSUMPTION
According to a recent article in Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, few chem- icals have played such an important role in our war-effort as the little publicized fluo- rine derivatives.1 The rapid advancement in fluorine technology is evidenced by the fact that the output of all fluorine chemi- cals, exclusive of the fluosilicates, was ap- proximately 6,500 tons in 1929, 11,000 tons for 1939, and 53,000 tons for 1944 as shown in table 60.
1 Callaham, John R., Fluorine Industry: Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, March 1, 1945.
Table 59.- — Fluorspar Shipped from Mixes in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by States
|
1943 |
1944 |
||||||
|
State- |
Short tons |
Value |
Short tons |
Value |
Percent of total |
||
|
Total |
Average |
Total |
Average |
||||
|
Illinois |
198,789 109,849 49,145 37,050 8,653 51 134 960 1,328 57 |
36,292,789 3.122,513 |
$31.66 28 43 |
176,259 112,791 65,209 42,973 | 7,293 < 3,466 I 26 4,769 976 19 |
$5,954,991 3,363,788 1,604,043 1,205,830 I 252,071 100,381 21,983 400 |
$33 . 79 29.82 24.60 28.06 23.37 21.05 22.52 21.05 |
42.6 |
|
Kentucky |
27.3 |
||||||
|
Colorado New Mexico Nevada Utah |
1,164,868 986,094 I 188,619 19,281 26,441 1,650 |
23.70 26.62 21 34 |
15.8 10.4 1.8 .8 |
||||
|
California Texas Arizona Tennessee Wyoming |
20.08 19.91 28.95 |
1.1 .2 |
|||||
|
Total |
406,016 |
$11,802,255 |
$29.07 |
413,781 |
$12,503,487 |
$30.22 |
100.0 |
78
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
Table 60. — Production of Hydrogen Fluoride, Calculated 100 Percent, in ToNSa
|
Year |
Aqueous Acid |
Anhydrous Acid |
Total Hydrogen Fluoride Generatedd |
|
1931 |
No data bl,358 bl,497 b2,198 b2,173 No data cl 1,800 c12,100 |
500 No data No data No data No data No data e9,200 e24,900 |
5,000 |
|
1933 |
3,300 |
||
|
1935 |
5,400 |
||
|
1937 1939 |
10,000 11,000 |
||
|
1940 |
15,500 |
||
|
1943 |
47,000 |
||
|
1944 (est.) |
53,000 |
||
a Callaham, Op. cit.
b Production for sale, Bureau of the Census.
c Total production exclusive of that going into aluminum fluoride and synthetic cryolite, War Production Board.
Probably 3,000-4,000 tons for sale. d Calculated from consumption of acid-grade spar, Bureau of Alines figures. Includes hydrogen fluoride used in the
production of synthetic cryolite, aluminum fluoride, and all other hydrogen fluoride derivatives. Factor: Acid-
SDar -=-2.4 = hydrogen fluoride 100 percent. e War Production Board.
The total national consumption of fluor- spar in 1944, as shown in table 61, increased to 410,170 net tons over 1943 consumption of 388,885 tons. Production of basic open- hearth and basic electric steels in 1944 showed an increase of 2 percent over 1943, while consumption of fluorspar in steel mills (230,201 tons) dropped 2 percent from the 1943 consumption.
Consumption of both domestic and for- eign fluorspar in 1943 and 1944 is sum- marized by industries and by states in tables 61 and 62 respectively, and con- sumption of domestic fluorspar only is summarized by use in table 63 and by grade of fluorspar and industry in table 64 for the same years. Table 65 shows the comparative consumption by Illinois and by the nation for six years, 1939-1944.
The manufacture of hydrofluoric acid, used in the manufacture of artificial cryolite and aluminum fluoride, high octane gasoline, refrigerating mediums (the freons), insecti- cides, and other chemical products necessary for the successful prosecution of the war, accounted for 32 percent of the total con- sumption of fluorspar in 1944, or 129,553 tons. This was an increase of 3 percent over 1943. See table 61.
Although its entire output is now put into military and essential civilian needs,
anhydrous hydrofluoric acid seems to be mushrooming into increasingly greater im- portance. The largest single use of this acid at present is as a catalyst in the pro- duction of aviation alkylate used in the manufacture of high-octane gasoline. Its advantage over sulphuric acid as a catalyst results from the higher process temperature that can be used and the ease of acid re- covery by distillation. The chief dis- advantage at present is the cost involved and the problem of » corrosion. For these reasons many expect hydrofluoric and sul- phuric acid to start the post-war period on an equal basis as catalysts. Anhydrous hy- drofluoric acid is also used in the production of freons and for secret military purposes. In addition to the use of freons as refriger- ants, they have gained prominence as the propellent in the insecticidal bombs used in the South Pacific. Post-war prospects in both fields are considered promising.
Aqueous hydrofluoric acid is used directly in such processes as pickling stainless steel and in cleaning sand from metal casings, although approximately 90 percent of it goes into the production of fluorine chemicals.
The superiority of the United States in the air is dependent upon aluminum, which in turn must rely upon the two fluorine com- pounds aluminum fluoride and sodium alu-
FLUORSPAR
79
Table 61. — Fluorspar (Domestic and Foreign) Consumed and in Stock in the United States,
1943 and 1944, by Industries, in Tons
|
1943 |
1944 |
|||||
|
Industry |
Consump- tion |
Stocks at consumers' plants Dec. 31 |
In transit to consumers' plants Dec. 31 |
Consump- tion |
Stocks at consumers' plants Dec. 31 |
In transit to consumers' plants Dec. 31 |
|
Basic open-hearth steel Electric-furnace steel . Bessemer steel Iron foundry Ferro-alloys Hydrofluoric acid .... Primary aluminum . . . Primary magnesium . . |
205,676 28,236 236 3,378 3,882 113,614 2,758 3,025 20,592 1,726 2,286 262 3,214 |
V 61,195 1,155 2,331 27,951 1,008 1,026 6,184 1,065 150 1,046 2,822 |
3,008 104 1,443 55 158 283 132 348 |
( 201,788 < 27,307 ( 1 , 106 4,101 3,714 129,553 1,487 5,594 27,315 2,547 1,928 421 3,309 |
t 56,956 1,345 876 27,249 696 943 5,621 1,202 175 1,278 2,105 |
6,566 1,325 950 |
|
98 |
||||||
|
Welding rod Cement Miscellaneous |
1 101 |
|||||
|
Total |
388,885 |
105,933 |
5,531 |
410,170 |
98,446 |
9,041 |
Table 62. — Fluorspar (Domestic and Foreign) Consumed in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by States, in Tons
State
Alabama
Georgia
Arizona
Kansas
Nebraska
Nevada
South Dakota
Wyoming
Arkansas
Louisiana
Mississippi
North Carolina
Florida
California
Colorada
Iowa
Utah. .
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia. New Jersey
1943
13,532
694
555
7,877 I 9,627
763 > 26,454
1944
11,120
609
322
10,160
11,844
1,317
34,924
State
Illinois
Indiana
Kentucky .... Maryland .... Massachusetts Rhode Island.
Michigan
Minnesota. . . . Wisconsin ....
Missouri
New York
Ohio
Oklahoma ....
Oregon
Washington . . . Pennsylvania Tennessee ....
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia.
Total
1943
87,702 20,287
10,924
1,687
15,754
3,629
3,835
17,749
68,610
595
1,978
85,371
1,175
3,708
311
6,068
1944
65,839 26,414
8,814
1,488
13,705
2,082
3,186 18,774 69,137
3,201
3,162
104,608
1,726
11,334
302
6,102
388,885
410,170
minum fluoride (or cryolite). Aluminum fluoride is used as the flux in electrolytic re- duction of alumina, and cryolite is the in- dispensable electrolyte in the reduction of alumina. However, unlike aluminum fluo- ride, cryolite has additional uses, a very im- portant one of which is in insect control.
It has been estimated that as much as 7,500 tons will be used in 1945 for this purpose. In an article on "Fluorine Industry Molds a Postwar Career from Wartime Service,"" the author emphasizes the im- portance of fluorine compounds as sand-
Callaham, Op. Cit.
80
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
450
1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
Fig. 12. — Fluorspar consumption, by uses, for United States and Illinois.
agents in the casting of aluminum and mag- nesium. These agents fill the voids in sand molds by volatilizing when heated, thus preventing oxidation of the metal. Roughly 1 to 3 percent by weight, of either ammo- nium fluosilicate or ammonium bifluoride and fluoborate is used in the sand mixture. Lithium fluoride has made aluminum welding practical because it serves as a powerful fluxing agent, is non-hygroscopic and highly insoluble. It is also an in- gredient of phosphorescent pigment for air- plane instrument dials.
Sodium fluoride is used in the production of rimmed steel where heats are sluggish and might result in second-grade ingots. Po- tassium fluoride, bifluoride, and fluoborate have become important as fluxes in silver soldering. Metal fluoborates, of which lead is the best known, are used in electroplating.
Thus the past ten years have shown a striking development in the field of fluorspar derivatives. Although these products have been largely restricted to wartime needs, civilian demands promise to be heavy in the post-war period. Most of the new uses for
FLUORSPAR
81
SOURCE
INDUSTRY
AVERAGE 1935-1940
AVERAGE 1935-1940
|
X °< \ |
||
|
A \ |
\ " |
|
|
/ \ -* ^ |
||
|
/ \ 4>* |
\ ^ |
|
|
' \ <*\ |
||
|
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||
|
%\ |
||
|
v <°\ |
||
|
x\ |
||
|
HYDROFLUORIC |
||
|
ACID |
||
|
32% |
STEEL 56% |
1944
1944
Fig. 13. — Average annual fluorspar consumption (of both domestic and foreign fluorspar) in the United States, 1935-1940 compared with consumption for 1944, by sources and by consuming industries.
fluorspar compounds are useful in peace as they are in war and hence will continue to utilize large tonnages of this mineral. Al- though the steel industry still consumes the greater part of fluorspar, demands from the ceramic industry are increasing so rapidly, as they plan for civilian needs, that there is some concern lest our ore reserves are none too large. However, recent investi- gations made jointly by the United States Geological Survey and the Bureau of Mines
show a probable reserve of more than 14,- 000,000 tons containing an average of 45 to 55 percent CaF2 and more than 10,- 000,000 tons of additional material averag- ing 15 to 35 percent CaF2. This looks encouraging in view of the fact that in 1936 our reserves were roughly estimated to be about 5,000,000 tons.
The flotation processes for treating non- metallic minerals have lately become very important because they make it economically
82
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Table 63. — Fluorspar Shipped from Mines in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by Uses
|
1943 |
1944 |
|||||
|
Use |
Short tons |
Value |
Short tons |
Value |
||
|
Total |
Average |
Total |
Average |
|||
|
Steel |
220,809 3,398 19,487 1,572 123,680 19.956 8,070 9,044 |
$6,006,251 85.728 582,173 50,620 4,046,231 598,627 185,652 246,973 |
$27.20 25.23 29.87 32.20 32.72 30.00 23.01 27.31 |
219,361 4.044 27,174 2,685 121,084 13.057 24,396 1,980 |
$6,087,077 109,869 892,761 90,444 4,251,686 416,672 589,069 65,909 |
$27.75 |
|
27.17 |
||||||
|
32.85 |
||||||
|
33.68 |
||||||
|
Hydrofluoric acid |
35.11 |
|||||
|
31.91 |
||||||
|
Government stock pile |
24.15 33.29 |
|||||
|
Total |
406,016 |
$11,802,255 |
$29.07 |
413,781 |
$12,503,487 |
$30.22 |
Table 64. — Fluorspar Shipped from Minks in the United States, 1943 and 1944, by Grades and by Industries, in Tons
|
Grade and industry |
1943 |
1944 |
Grade and industry |
1943 |
1944 |
|
Fluxing gravel and foundry lump: Ferrous Nonferrous Cement Miscellaneous Government stock pile |
215,530 3,313 1,094 205 4,374 1,945 |
210.930 1 . 264 646 389 23,824 55 |
Flotation concentrates: Ferrous Nonterrous (ilass and enamel Hydrofluoric acid |
» 13,351 5,375 6,982 121,983 673 3,696 6,664 |
il 14,589 4,677 13,861 118,452 122 |
|
( rovernment stock pile . . Kxported Total: Ferrous Nonterrous Cement Glass and enamel 1 1\ drofluoric acid Miscellaneous |
572 |
||||
|
1,477 |
|||||
|
226,461 20 1 547 |
237,108 20 1,572 |
||||
|
Acid lump: |
158,724 |
153,750 |
|||
|
Ferrous Nonferrous Hydrofluoric acid |
228,996 10.189 1,094 21,059 123.680 3,884 8,070 9,044 |
||||
|
568 |
1,592 |
225,665 7 421 |
|||
|
Ground: Ferrous |
95 1.500 |
126 1.480 |
646 29,859 |
||
|
Nonferrous |
121,084 |
||||
|
14.077 15.998 |
2,730 |
||||
|
Hydrofluoric acid- ....... |
1,150 3.006 435 |
1.060 2.219 448 |
Government stock pi!' Kxported |
24,396 1,980 |
|
|
Exported |
|||||
|
406,016 |
|||||
|
413 781 |
|||||
|
20,263 |
21,331 |
Includes pelletized gravel.
feasible to mine many deposits composed of interlocking fluorspar crystals and other minerals which previously could not he separated. Flotation is now employed gen- erally by most companies, since it is appli- cable not only to material being mined today but also to the recovery of high-grade con- centrates. These concentrates are valuable
in making hydrofluoric acid and ceramic products, and find limited use in making briquets to be used in the manufacture of open-hearth steel.
The glass industry, which ranks third as a consumer of fluorspar, used 27,315 tons in 1944, or an increase of 33 percent over 1943 (table 61). Fluorspar is used in the
FLUORSPAR
83
Table 65. — Fluorspar Consumed in Illinois and the United States, by Uses* (1939 to 1944)
|
Steel |
Hydrofluoric Acid |
Ceramics |
All others |
Total |
|
|
1939 Illinois |
(a) 125,371 (a) 162,772 (a) 214,120 77,947 225,233 89,789 220,809 71,516 219,361 |
(a) 27,463 (a) 33,608 (a) 52,674 62,573 68,083 89,599 123,680 81,493 121,084 |
(a) 21,884 (a) 20,269 (a) 32,051 7,520 22,813 6,741 21,059 14,058 29,859 |
(a) 5,077 (a) 8,469 (a) 9,640 6,754 15,171 10,327 23,354 8,184 17,101 |
75,257 |
|
United States |
179,795 |
||||
|
1940 Illinois United States |
104,698 225,118 |
||||
|
1941 Illinois United States |
133,333 308,485 |
||||
|
1942 Illinois United States |
154,794 351,300 |
||||
|
1943 Illinois United States |
196,456 388,902 |
||||
|
1944 Illinois United States |
175,251 387,604 |
U. S. Bureau of Mines; Minerals Yearbooks 1940-1943; M.M.S. 1278, April 23, 1945. Statistics not available by uses until 1942.
manufacture of opal, opaque, and colored glass to be used in such finished commodities as lamp globes, bulbs, soda fountains, con- tainers for food, toilet and medicinal prep- arations, and lavatory fixtures. From 50 to 500 pounds of fluorspar are used per 1000 pounds of sand in the manufacture of glass, depending upon the type of product desired. Substitutes for fluorspar have been tried but offer little competition either because of higher cost or lower efficiency. An even higher grade of fluorspar (60 percent through a 100-mesh screen) is required for the manufacture of vitreous enamel than for opaque or colored glass (55 percent through 100-mesh screen). These com- modities include sinks, bathtubs, stove parts, refrigerators, toilet fixtures, etc., where vit- reous enamel coatings are applied to iron or steel. Similar coatings are also applied to pottery, brick and tile. Since civilian consumption of such products has been so drastically curtailed during the war, it ap- pears that the market for this mineral for enameling purposes wTill show a marked up- ward trend with the close of the war.
Consumption of fluorspar in the United States and Illinois by uses since 1939 is shown graphically in figure 12. Statistics by uses in Illinois are not available before 1942, so for the period 1939-1941 only the total consumption for Illinois can be shown.
Although forty states, reported consump- tion of fluorspar, three states — Illinois, Ohio, and Pennsylvania — used 239,584 tons, or 58 percent of the toal consumption (table 62). Pennsylvania displaced Illi- nois as chief consumer in 1944, but Illinois retained its lead as the largest consumer of fluorspar in hydrofluoric acid. Pennsyl- vania led in consumption of fluorspar in both steel and glass manufacture.
Figure 13 shows the average consumption in the United States over a characteristic six-year period, from 1935 to 1940 inclusive, as compared with the 1944 consumption and a similar comparison for the same years as to the source of the fluorspar used. Since statistics for imports during 1944 cannot be made public they have been included w^ith "Other states" for that year.
84
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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FLUORSPAR
85
200
$35
1913 '15
Fig. 14. — Fluorspar from Illinois mines, annual shipments and annual value,
for 1913-1944.
86
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
Table 67.— Fluorspar Shipped from Illinois Mines, 1939 and 1944a
|
Tons |
Value at mines |
Year |
Tons |
Value at mines |
|||
|
Total |
Av. |
Total |
Av. |
||||
|
1939 |
75,257 104,698 133,333 |
$1,638,693 2,313,747 3,047,247 |
$21.77 22.10 22.85 |
1942 |
161,949 198,789 176,259 |
$4,306,750 6,292,789 5,954,991 |
$26.59 31.66 33.79 |
|
1940 |
1943 |
||||||
|
1941 |
1944 |
||||||
aU. S. Bur. Mine-. Minerals Yearbooks, and Mineral Market Report, M.M.S. 1278. April 25, 1945
Fluorspar in Illinois
Although the mining of fluorspar in Illi- nois dropped 11 percent in 1944, Illinois still maintained its rank as chief producing state in the nation and made 43 percent of the total shipments of fluorspar.
Shipments of fluorspar from the mines in Illinois are given for 1943 and 1944 in table 66 by kinds and uses. The manufac- ture of hydrofluoric acid was the high con- sumer of fluorspar for the first time in 1944, with the steel industry running a close sec- ond. An interesing note in the fluorspar industry for 1944 is the rapid increase in the use of fluorspar in Illinois in the manu- facture of glass and enamel. As shown in table 66, this industry used 108 percent more fluorspar in 1944 than in 1943, or an increase from 6,741 tons to 14,058 tons in 1944. Although still a small item in total consumption of fluorspar in Illinois, the rapid increase is noteworthy.
Annual shipments and average value of fluorspar from Illinois since 1913 are pre- sented graphically in figure 14, showing the effect of two world wars on this industry.
Shipments of fluorspar from Illinois mines from 1939 to 1944 are shown in table 67. The value in dollars of the fluorspar shipped from mines in Illinois in 1944 was $5,- 954,991, compared with $6,292,789 in 1943.
Some months before the entry into the war it was realized that the fluorspar de- posits of Illinois were to play an increasingly important part in national affairs. Recog- nizing the desirability of increasing and bringing up to date knowledge of the fluor- spar producing district in Illinois, a general
survey was begun by the Illinois State Geological Survey of the mines and pros- pects of the district, noting location and principal features of each, as well as a re- vision of the geologic map of that section. This study has resulted in the accumulation of a sizable body of additional geologic knowledge of the fluorspar district. When this knowledge is made generally available to the public it will constitute a valuable compilation of geologic data and an accurate record of the character of the ore bodies in the various mines for future use. In years to come prospective mine operators or in- vestors will have more than local, and pos- sibly biased, reports on which to base their decisions, and in case of another national emergency the data now on hand may be of considerable time-and-money saving value.
PRICES
Present prices remain unchanged from 1943 at $37 per ton for acid and ceramic grade spar and $30-$33 per ton for metal- lurgical spar. Prices for metallurgical spar vary according to the "effective CaF2 con- tent." The average price per ton for Illi- nois spar in 1944 was $33.79, an increase of $2.13 over the preceding year. This in- crease probably reflects an increase in the proportion of ceramic grade and of the better grades of metallurgical spar produced and shipped. Current prices are to be compared with the 1940 average of $25.36 per ton for acid spar and $18.42 for metallurgical spar. The increased prices have been al- lowed by Office of Price Administration to permit wage increases and as an incentive to increased production.
MISCELLANEOUS MIXERJLS
87
ZINC AND LEAD
The Wisconsin-Northern Illinois region was the only important Central States zinc- producing region in which output of both crude ore and recoverable metals increased in 1944.
The zinc and lead ore and concentrates produced in northern Illinois in 1943 and 1944 were shipped to the custom flotation mill of the Vinegar Hill Zinc Company at Cuba Citv, Wisconsin.
In southern Illinois the bulk of the output of zinc and lead came from zinc-lead-fluor- spar mines near Cave in Rock, Hardin County.
Illinois production of zinc and lead re- covered from ores mined in Illinois during 1944 was valued at $2,004,600, as shown in table 68.
MISCELLANEOUS MINERALS
Included in this group are several mineral materials produced in Illinois by less than three producers for each material, so that details of production cannot be published without revealing individual operations. These materials are:
Peat, produced in northern Mason County for mixed fertilizer and other purposes. Illinois ranks first among the states in the production of peat.
Pyrites (coal brasses), produced in Henry County from coal-cleaning operations.
Sulfur, as elemental sulfur is recovered as a byproduct in the liquid purification of manufactured gas.
The total amount and value of these min- eral materials just described, which were
produced in Illinois during the past three years, are given in table 69. The total value for 1944 amounted to $107,400.
Table 69. — Miscellaneous Minerals*, Sold or
Used by Producers in Illinois,
1942 to 1944b
|
Year |
Amount tons |
Value at |
plants |
|
Total |
Av. |
||
|
1942 |
* 34.179 * 28.199 c26.000 |
*$149.327 *117.895 c 107. 400 |
*$4 37 |
|
1943 |
*4 18 |
||
|
1944 |
4 12 |
||
* Revised figures. a Minerals included: peat, pyrites, and sulfur from
manufactured gas. b Compiled from joint canvass made by Illinois Geological
Survey and U. S. Bureau of Mines. c Intimated.
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19 U
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MINERALS PROCESSED
89
MINERALS PROCESSED, BUT NOT MINED, IN ILLINOIS
Included in this group are mineral materials which are processed in Illinois but are mined in other states. Production of these materials in Illinois during the past three years is given in table 70, as far as the data are available.
Coke and byproducts. — All coke pro- duced in Illinois is made in byproduct ovens, most of it from coal mined in the eastern bituminous fields. Coke produced from Illinois coal is not differentiated from the other, so table 70 gives the entire amount of coke made in Illinois. Details of coke manufacture are given in this report in the section on "Coke and Bvproducts." (see p. 44)
Packaged fuel. — This material is proc- essed in Illinois from the fines that result from the storage and handling of eastern coal. Details are given in the section on "Fuel Briquets and Packaged Fuel" (see p. 41). Data cannot be published on the production of fuel briquets in Illinois with- out revealing individual operations.
Pig iron. — This basic product in the steel industry is produced in Illinois from iron ore mined in the Lake Superior district and shipped in by water.
Sulfuric acid. — This material is produced in Illinois as a byproduct of the smelting of zinc ores and is also produced from sulfur at zinc plants.
Slab zinc. — This basic product in the zinc industry is produced in Illinois from ores mined in Illinois and from ores mined in other states. Zinc recovered from Illinois ores is included in table 68. That recovered from out-of-state ores is included in "Total processed" in table 70.
Ground feldspar is made in Illinois from crude feldspar which is mined in South Da- kota. It is used in the manufacture of white ware and enamels and for other pur- poses. Data cannot be published on feld- spar grinding in Illinois without revealing individual operations, but are included in "Miscellaneous minerals processed," table 70.
Magnesium compounds are processed in Illinois from out-of-state dolomite. Data on these are included in "Miscellaneous minerals processed," table 70, to avoid re- vealing individual operations.
Mineral pigments are produced in Illinois from crude mineral earth pigments from various sources. Data on these are in- cluded in "Miscellaneous minerals proc- essed," table 70.
Pig lead is made in Illinois by smelting lead ores ; that obtained from ores mined in Illinois is given in table 68. Data on pig lead produced in Illinois from ores mined in other states are not available.
Expanded vermiculite is produced in Illi- nois by heat-treating crude vermiculite which is mined in the West. Production figures are not available.
Alumina, phosphates, and other processed mineral materials are produced in Illinois in large amounts, but data for them are not available.
The total 1944 value of mineral materi- als which were processed in Illinois but mined in other states, as given in table 70, amounted to $202,357,378.
The values of pig lead, expanded vermic- ulite, alumina, phosphates, and other min- eral materials, if known, would greatly in- crease the total given in table 70.
90
ILLINOIS MINERAL INDUSTRY IN 19U
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