MAIN LIBRARY AGRIC. DEPT.

LI.

ILL I STR AT IONS

-0^

NOR T II A M ERIC A X K X T 0 M 0 L 0 G Y ,

NAD A,)

fiv TOWNEND GLOVER, WASHINGTON, D. C.

ORTHOPTERA,

CONTENTS:

Introdnction Ill

Arrangement of Families

Plates

Notes on Food and Habite of Orthoptera

Parasites

List of Substances Injured by Orthoptera

List of Genera figured

List of Species figured '

Ljst of Desiderata and Errata 11

\V.\

IL LUSTRATIONS

OF

NORTH AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGY,

(UNITED STATES AND CANADA,)

TO\VNEND GLOVER, WASHINGTON, D. C.

ORTHOPTERA.

CONTENTS:

Introduction Ill

Arrangement of Families V

Plates

Notes on Food and Habits of Orthoptera 1

Parasites 2

List of Substances Injured by Orthoptera 6

List of Genera figured 7

List of Species figured 9

List of Desiderata and Errata „ 11

WASHINGTON, D. C.:

J. 8. TOMLINSON, PRINTER ASD BOOKSELLER,
1872.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by

TOWNEND GLOVER,
in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington, D. C.

MAIN LIBBARY AGRIC. DEFT.

Hagon, Stett.^rt.Zoit.j-wl.xlviiijp. 131-
142(1887), says there were but fifteen of these
published, or rathor distributed. Six are in
TCuropo and nine in this country. Five plates
additional to the ones in this book v/ere printed
in 1876.*-

INTRODUCTION.

It is not the design of the author in the following work, to present
- or highly-finished engravings of North American Ortfaoptera, but
merely figures, giving a general idea of their form, size, and color, to aid the
young Entomologist in the identification of species. At the same time refer
ence is made to their names in MR. SAMUEL H. SCUDDER'S "Catalogue of
Orthoptera of North America," published by the Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, 18G8, and to his "Materials for a Monograph of the North
American Orthoptera," published in "Proceedings Boston Society Natural
History, 1862," where many original descriptions as well as the names of
their authors may be found. The REV. CYRUS THOMAS has described many
new species in the "Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences,"
Philadelphia, 1870, and in the " Geological Surveys of Territories, made by
DR. F. V. HAYDEN," 1870 and 1871.

In some cases it has been found necessary to figure European insects,
where no specimens of the allied genera or species could be procured in the
1' ni ted States. In all such instances, the figures will be marked as European,
and due credit given to the original work from which they were taken.

In the arrangement of the list accompanying each plate, the first name
given is always that of the latest and best authority ; and the last, the name of
the genus in which it was formerly placed by its first discoverer. As the works
of SAY and HARRIS are most widely disseminated in the Northern and East
ern states, their names will also be given as synonyms when deemed necessary.

Some of the insects figured have been transferred from other orders
to the Orthoptera, for the reasons given below, namely: — The Thripida:
were formerly placed by WESTWOOD by themselves in Thysanoptera, and
more lately by DR. PACKARD among the Hemiptera : 1 nit as WESTWOOD distinct
ly says that "as they possess two setiform mandibles, and the disposition of
the other parts of the mouth are those of a real mandibulatcd insect," they
cannot properly be retained amongst the haustellate Hemiptera, and are
therefore placed provisionally amongst the Orthoptera. Podura and its
allies also possess small mandibles with minute teeth, and are not mentioned
by MR. SCUDDER in his list of Orthoptera; but as LETM.- in his "Synopsis

M7314'

IV INTRODUCTION.

der drei Naturreiche" places them under the head of "Division B, false or
wingless Orthoptera," they have also been classed with the Orthoptera until
a better place can be found for them. The Mallophaga or bird lice also
possess distinct jaws instead of a sucking tube, (Verrill,) and have small and
hook-like mandibles. Such being the case, they cannot be placed with the
true Pediculina which are decidedly haustellate, and are, therefore, also
placed provisionally in Division B, or Wingless Orthoptera of LEUNIS.

The text to accompany these plates will consist of merely the latest
name, and some of the principal synonyms of the insects figured, with a
concise history of their habits as far as known; their food, habitat; the best
remedies used to destroy them if injurious, and the name of the donor, with
a very short description of the principal families, or genera, and in some
instances a brief notice of the principal difference, or any striking peculiarity,
which distinguishes closely allied species from each other, so as to call attention
to that particularly in the comparison or arrangement of specimens in a
cabinet. There will also be a full alphabetical list of the principal vegetable
and animal substances injured by any species at the end of the volume, for
the use of farmers who do not understand anything about Entomology, but
who can thus be enabled to identify -any particular insect by referring to the
plant on which it is generally found feeding.

The thanks of the author are due to ME. S. I. SMITH, of Yale College,
New Haven, Connecticut; MR. CHAS. E. DODGE, of Washington, D. C.; MR.
C. V. BJLEY, of St. Louis, Mo. for specimens kindly given from their own
private collections, and from which the original drawings were prepared.
Especial acknowledgment is due to the KEY. CYRUS THOMAS, of Illinois, and
MR. PHILIP R. UHLER, of Baltimore, Md., not only for type specimens, but
also for their valuable aid in comparing them with others, and in determining
doubtful species. It may also be well to observe, that the original type
specimens have been carefully preserved in the Entomological cabinet of the
Museum of the Department of Agriculture in Washington, for future refer
ence by any Entomologist who may wish to work up or study the Orthopter-
ous insects of the United States and Canada.

This small pioneer edition of fifty copies is intended for distribution to
Entomologists and Entomological Societies only. The plates have been
etched and the text written either after or before the hours of official duty ;
and it is also published at the expense of the author, and not by the Depart
ment of Agriculture. If it should be approved of, it is proposed to publish
yearly, or from time to time additional plates &c. of the same size and in
similar style of any new or rare Orthoptera which may be added to our list by
the exploring expeditions, or by private enterprise, as likewise eventually to
illustrate all the other orders of insects in a similar manner.

INTRODUCTION.

The following table of the principal families of Orthoptfira has been temporarily arranged
leu the u<e of young Entomologist* who wish to classify their collections. The name of the
family to which each insect belongs in SITIMIK.K'S Catalogue, Ac. will be placed (in italics) as the end
nt the list of names and synonyms appended to each plate.

Grvlhdes. S, i.d.le, . 1 ,&antl or flower cril.ket_ Grvllus, com-

mon cricket, and (iryllotalpa or mole cricket.

l'li:ineroptera, Phylloptera, Microcentrum and Cyr-
tophylliu. (Katvdids.) Xypludium ; Orcheli
mum, &<•.: slender meadow grasshoppers or
Katvdids, Ac.; (Ceuthophilus,) large wingless
cricket or grasshopper of Utah, and Hadense
cus, cave wingless cricket.

I'ivi-iiin A

True
Hrtlmpii-ra

Scudd.
OryOidat. (Leach.)

Wt*

A.-rydii S,u.|,l I Acridium, Caloiitrnus. ,Kdij.<xla, Str,,,,!,,,tlirus,Ac.;

true grasslloppers: an.l T-ttix. grouse loOMta

or soothsayers.
Coaches.

Forficulariae. Scudd. IF,

Forficulidae. (Stephens.) Westw. } B

Fringed I T,in .} .,., ; , M. |/ori

wings. I ( worid.

Division B.

Fals,-
l')r(liopti-ra

of Wett-

\\ inglew. !
Orthoptera.

( (formerly order Thy sanurn.

Poduridae. Spring and bristle tails, } Surm., and hiti-li/ in AVwrop-

I (era.

D. i !•
H,nl lice,

in onlcr Oi-tlin
b<d place<, ,„ /

,,.,, ,,,, ;,„,/,„,,/

. Ai\.

The False Orthoptfra havi- !»•< u put after the True OrthopteM, so that they may citln-v be
i'ul alt'^crlier, or rcinov*'.! into otln-r orders if found desirable.

PLATE I.— ORTHOPTERA.

f Platamodes (Scudd.) pennsvlvanica. Scudd. \ ...... 11 <• ,

( Blatta (Linn.) De Geer. ) ''

To. Snidd. Miiiin. 417. j:/"/l'in.,

., f Periplaneta (Burm.) amcricaiia. Burm.) .. ..., ,, , ...

- \ Blatta (Linn.) Linn.}

., i Plat»modes(Scndd.)penn8ylvftnioft. Scudd.) .. _. .. ,,-

I Blatta (Linn.) DC 0«er. )

. f Eotobia (Wcstw.) "cnaaiiic-a. Stephens.) ,. ,,-

4 i Blatta (Linn.) ' " Aude & Brullc. (

c f Stylopyga (Fischer) orientalis. Fisch.deW. ) «x n,.

'' { Blatta (Linn.) Linn.)

6 " " ? " ?x. -Mil.

Diapheromera (Gray) femorata. Scudd. )

Bacteria (Latr.) Sayii. Burm. ,, , ,

l'i:niincnlu» (Burm.) femoratus. Uhler. j

Spirtruin (Scrv.) fomoratuni. Say. J

f Anisomorpha (Soudd.) buprestoides. (iray.
H< Spectrum (Serv.) bivittatum. Say.
( riiasma (Licht.) Imprcstoiiles. Stoll.

H Stenopelmatus (Burm.) talpa. $ Burm. " 7>s. ".

10 Labia (Leach) minuta. Scudd. " 1">. II"'.

11 Thftonotrizon (Fischer) dorsale. 9 Burm. o. o.
\-l (in-llotalpa (Latr.) longipennis. J1 Scudd. J'.i. 4^i.

12 f Gryllns (Linn.) pennsylvanicus. $Bunn. ) .. .,(. .. |.u
( Acheta (Fab.) pcnnsylvanica Uhlcr. j

1.4 " J1 " .Hi. Us.

( Arridiura (Gooff.) americanum.

!">•! Cyrtacanthacris(Walk.) " Walk. > I. lun. A.-n/./ii

[ (iryllus (Linn.) Drury.

( Caloptenus (Serv.) bivittatus. $ Uhler.
Hi< " femoratus. Burm.

( (iryllus (Linn.) biviuatus. Say.

*Scndder's Catalogue and Monograph, SIT Intrc»lui-tinn.

e u. i v . c t-

r, ~ ', „' ! ~

PLATE II.— ORTHOPTKRA.

MANTIS CAROLINA: (Linn.) Scudder's Catalogue, p. 48. f'hasmufa

Fig. 1 Egg case.

2 Egg case with young escaping.

3 Young Mantis devouring another.

4 Young Mantis in the Nymph state. (Gray variety.)

5 Young " " " (Green variety.)

6 Imago. Mantis Carolina. (Linn.) ^

7 " " 9 (Gray var.)

9 (Green var.)
9 Egg case cut longitudinally to exhiliit structure.

10 "

11 " " transversely

12 Wings of c?

13, 14, 15 Base of Antennae, fore legs and tarsi.
16 Wings of 9
* 1 7 Sciara ?

*This fly was popularly believed to be connected with the yellow fever whirli raged in Norfolk,.
Va. in 1855. They were exceedingly numerous there during the whole time the yellow lever was
prevalent in that year, and hence were known in Norfolk and its vicinity as "yellow fever flies."
(See Sciara in Diptera.)

"f I'tJ
ff r r, - i j f

PLATE III.— ORTHOPTERA.

•,.• , j /F.dipoda (Latr.) eucerata. Uliler. 1 ., u n»«. en a i i \r

1 i Locusta (Linn.) Harr. } >""''L Mono- 472' '1'v.'/'/"-

a 9 - •• so. 472.

{.Kdipoda (Latr.) discoidea. tf Serv. )
Acridium (Geoff.) tuberculatum. Pal d* I " 5H. " 4(>9.

Beauv.

, ( Romalea (Serv.) microptera. $ Serv. 1
( Gryllus (Fab.) centurio. Burm. )

f Ceuthophilus (Scudd.) maculatus. ?8cudd.
Rhaphidophora (Charp.) maculata. Harr.
5 j Phalanjjopsis (Burm. Harr.

1 ^phippigera (Serv.) " day.

MSS.

74.

'21. " 484.

(i Tridactylus (Oliv.) torminalis. Scudd. " «2. 425. GrylMr*.

( -Edipoda (Latr.) discoidea. £ Serv.

•' Acridium (Geoff. ) tuberculatum. Pal de \ " .56. 468.

Beauv.

8 Kdipoda (Latr.) corallipes. 9 Hald.

;j J Nemobius (Serv.) vittatus. $ Scudd.
1 I Acheta (f ab.) servilis. Harr. and Say MSS.

1(1 " T.4. 480.

II Orochans (Uhlc-r.) ealtator. J I'ld.-r. " 58. 0

'- " cf " " 58. " o.

~ r, .
M [' r r, - \ j r

PLATE IV. — ORTHOPTERA.

r CEcanthus (Serv.) niveus. 9 DP Gei-r. )

Fig. 1 •{ " " fasciatus. Fitch. t Scudd. Cat. 55. Scudd. Mono. 431.

( Gryllus (Linn.) niveus. Oliv.

2 " " J1 " " 55. 431.

C Microcentrum (Scudd.) retinervis. 9 )

3-^ Scudd. " 53. 43H. Locuntariae.

( Phylloptera (Serv.) " Burin. J

( Phylloptera (Serv.) oblongifolia 9 ")

4 Burm. " 68. 445.
( Locusta (Linn.) " De Geer. J

I" (Ecanthus (Serv.) bipunctatua. 9

5 _De G,eer- " 55. 432. OrytKdet.
} (Lcanthus punctulatus. Fitcii.

[ Gryllus (Linn.) bipunctatus. De Qeer. J
(i " " 9 " " 55. 432.

7 ( Orchelimum (Serv.) vulgare. 9 Harr. 1 ,. 59 „ «2. ioewtono*.
( Pterophylla (kirby MSS.) agilis. Harr. j

8 " " J1 " " 59. 452.

f Mesops (Serv.) Wyomingen.is. Thomas. | rroceedi Academy Natural Scieilce.

9 ]0poraala (Serv. emend.) Wyommgensis. ^ Philadelphia, 1871. A^rydii.
( Thomas. J

iXyphidium (Serv.) fasoiatum. $ Serv. ]
rterophylla (Kirby • MSS.) fasciata. Harr. I gcudd_ c t 84. Scudd. Mono. 451. LoetUtanac.
Orchelimum (berv.) graeile. Harr.
Locusta (Linn.) fasciata. De Geer.

11 Xyphidium (Serv.) brevipennia. 9 Scudd. 84. 451.

,„ ( Conocephalus (Thunb.) ensiger. 9 Harr. | ,, 1,9 " 449 "

( Locusta (Linn.) acurninata. Stoll. j

13 Stenobothrus (Fisch.) admirabilis. Uhler. " 77. 0. A<->y</ii.

< Pyrgomorpha (Fisch.) brevicornis. 9 1
Thomas. j

Opomala (Serv. emend.) " ,, So ., .,

14 Truxalis (Linn.) " Fab. I
I Gryllus (Linn.) (Acridium Fab.) brevi-

cornis. Linn.

•m.)concavus. r? Scudd. 1

\ TT

-141. 1,01-,1.^'ir'i'i'-

rCyrtophyllu8(Burm.)concavus. $ Scudd. ]
Platyphyllum (Serv.) concavum. Harr.
Pterophylla (Kirby MSS.) concava. Say j
and Harr.

Ege and young of Microcentrum rctin- )

• C! 1J Cl T*' O

ervis. Scudd. See Jig. 3. j

IV

" t/
-,r,~.tjrs

PLATE V. — ORTHOPTERA.

Fig. 1

f *Tettix (Latr. emend.) ornata. Scudd.
Tetrix (Latr.) quadrimaculata. $ Harr.

Var. figured.

Tetrix (Latr.) bilneatus. Harr. Var.
" dorsalis.
" sordida.
" arenosa. Burm
Acridium (Geoff.) ornatum. Say

Seudd. Cat. 79. Scudd. Mono. 174. A

C jEdipoda (Latr.) Carolina. Burm.
•3< Locusta (Linn.) caroliniana. Catesby.
( Locusta (Linn.) corolina. Linn. & Harr.

{vEdipoda (Latr.) phoenicoptera. $
Germ.
Locusta (Linn.) corallina. Harr.

C Acridium (Geoff.) rubigmosum. 9 Harr.
5 1 MSS.
( Acridium (Geoff.) damnificum. Sauss.

C .iEdipoda (Latr.) sulphurea. $ Burm.
6-^ Gryllus (Fab.) " Fab.

( Locusta (Linn.) " Linn & Harr.

C Tettix (Latr. emend) laleralis. Scudd.
7 i Tetrix (Latr.) Harr.

( Acrydium (Geoff.) " Say.

o f Batrachidea(3erv.)cristata. Scudd, (Var.) )
( Tetrix (Latr.) " Harr. MSS. j

f Tragocephala (Harr.) vindifasciata. 9

Harr.

9 I Tragocephala (Harr.) radiata. Harr.
.<Edipoda (Latr.) virginiana. Burm.
[ Acridium (Geoff) virginianum. Oliv.

f Egg of Phaneroptera (Serv.) curvicauda.

10 1 Serv'

Phaneroptera (Serv.) angustifolia. Harr.

[ Locusta (Linn.) curvicauda. De Geer.

f Caloptenus (Serv.) femur rubrum. 9
11 ] Burm.

( Acridium (Geoff.) femur rubrum. Harr.

. 9 f Acridium (Geoff.) obscurum. 9 Burm.
u| Gryllus (Fab.)

f ^Edipoda (Latr.) eucerata. Uhler in ]
13 Harr.j Florida variety.

[ Locusta (Linn.) Harr.

. . ( Stenobothrus (Fischer.) maculipennis. 9
{ Scudd.

- - ( Stenobothrus (Fischer,) longipenuis. c?
15 Scudd

79.

56.

57.

47.

79.

11.

82.

20.

6.

56.

77.

0.

474.

468.

408.

467.

470.

477.

478.

461.

448.

464.

407.

0.

458.

457.

( Caloptenus (Serv.) bivittatus. ^ I'hler. ]

16 < " femoratus. Burm. " 20. l'i">. "

( Gryllus (Linn.) bivittatus. Say. )

*A11 these so-called species of Harris, Ac., are said (by 'Scudder) to lie merely varieties of Tettix
ornata, (Scudd.) (Acridium ornatum, Say.) and that the T." ornata of Harris is the T. granulatus ol
Scudder's monograph, p. 414.

" fi /' I II tl

M K r r, - 1 J /•

PLATE VI. — ORTHOPTERA.

j" Philopterus(Nitzsch.) falcicornis. Nitzsch.
y -i \ Europe. From *Leunis, p. 650.

j Pediculus (Linn.) pavonius. Linn. Eu-
[ rope. From Leunis.

2 Machilis (Latr.) variabilis. Say. Massachusetts.

3 Machilis (Latr.) variabilis. Say. Massachusetts.

4 Phlocethrips (Halid.) coriacea. Halid. From Westwood.

5 Thrips (Linn.) sp.? Europe. From Leunis, p. 648.

6 Lepisma (Linn.) saccharina. Linn. From Leunis, p. 650.

7 Podura (Linn.) villosa. Fab. Europe. From Leunis, p. 650.
7a. Smynthurus (Latr.) sp.? Not described. (Maryland, in fungi.)

8 Trichodectea (Nitzsoh.) latus. De Geer. Europe. From Leunis, p. 651.

9 Thrips (Linn.) sp.? (Maryland, in greenhouse.)

Mallophaga.

Apterous. \
Orthoptera. }

Tlirijndfc.

Orthoptera.

Mallophai/a.
Thripulce.

, Q f Chloealtis (Harr.) conspersa. ,
( Chloealtis (Harr.) abortiva.

1 , ( Chloealtis (Harr.) viridis. 9 Scudd. \
{ Stenobothrus (Fischer. )viridis. 9 Scudd. j

Scudd. Cat. 22. Scudd. Mono. 455. Acrydii.

Scudd.
Scudd.

12 Phylloptera (Serv.) rotundifolia. 9 Scudd.

(" Nemobius (Serv.) fasciatus. 9 Scudd.
13-^ Acheta (Fab.) hospes. Fab.

( Gryllus (Fab.) fasciatus. De Geer.

-, /, j Gryllus (Fab.) domesticus. 9 Pack.
( Acheta (Fab.) domestica. Thomas. 111.

IStenohothrus (Fischer.) curtipennis. $
Scudd.
Chloealtis (Harr.) curtipennis. Harr.
Locusta (Linn.) "

16 Pezotettix (Burm.) borealis. 9 Scudd.

17 " " J>

18 •• " - Q
19

20
21
22
23

24

Forficula (Linn.) sp. ? From N. Y.

Cryptocercus (Scudd.) punctulatus. Scudd.

Stenobothrus (Fisch.) aequalis. 9 Scudd.

Phyllopalpus (Uhler.) pulchellus. Uhler.
(Edipoda (Latr.) eucerata. $ Erichs.

f Opomala (Serv. emend.) bivittatta. 9
Serv.

22.
69.

'55.

77.

63.
63.
63.

24.

77.
68.
50.

455.
445.

430.
0.

456.

464.
464.
464.

420.

459.

0.

472.

Loctistarice.
Gryllides.

Acrydii.

Forjicularice

Blatta.riae.
Acrydii.
Gryllides.
Acrydii.

| Opsornala (Serv.) bivittatta. Serv.

[ Acridium (Geoif.) De Haan.

25 Phrynotettix verruculata (Uhler. MSS.)
From Pecos River, Texas.

2(5 f Opomala(Serv. emend.) bivittatta J1 Serv.
' { Opsomala (Serv.)

27

Stenobothrus (Fischer.) maculipennis.
Var. Scudd.

76.

0
0

*Leunis. " Synopsis dor drei Naturreiehe." Hannover.

9OC?

" r,
<" r>~ U r

PLATE VIL— ORTHOPTERA.

(" Tettigidea (Scudd.) polymorpha. Scndd. ]
Tetrix (Latr.) parvepennis._ Harr. \ Scudd. Cat. 79 Scudd. Mono. 477. Acrydii.

(

polymorpha. Burm (Var. B.) J

f Phaneroptera (Serv.) curvicauda. J1

2 J (Serv-)

Phaneroptera (Serv.) augustifolia. Harr.
[ Locusta (Linn.) curvicauda. De Geer.

f Ceuthophilus (Scudd.) lapidicolus £
4 (Scudd.)

Bhaphidiphora (Charp.) lapidicola. Burm.
[ Phalangopsis (Serv.) Burm.

f Orchelimum (Serv.) vulgare. rP Harr 1
1 Pterophylla (Kirby MSS.) agilis. Harr. |

f Copiophora (Walk.) mucronata <f ]

8 J Thomas. (Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr. I

1871; 444, and Can. Ent. 1872.
[ Copiphora (Serv. of Agass.) J

9 f OMipoda (Latr.) marmorata. $ Uhler. )
\ Locueta (Linn.) " Harr. j

IStenobothrus (Fischer.) curtipennis. r3>
Scudd.
Chloealtis (Harr.) curtipennis J1 Harr.
Locusta (Linn.) " " Harr.

, , f Brachypeplus (Charp.) magnus. 9
( Girard.

19 f Stylopyga(Fisch.)orientalis. ? Fischer,
' ' Blatta .(Linn.) '

f Gryllotalpa (Latr.) borealis. $ Burm. ]
" brevipennis. Serv. '
" americana. Say. MSS.
" " borealis. Burm.

14 Daihina (Hald.) brevipes. $ Hald.

15 " " " 9

,o f Anabrus (Hald.) haldemannii. $ Girard. 1
{ Pterolepia Thomas, j

Gryllus (Linn.) abbreviatus. 9 Serv. )
Acheta (Fab.) abbreviate. Harr. j

, „ f Nemobius (Serv.) exiguus. Q Scudd 1
18 { Acheta (Fab.) exigua. Say. }

65.

65.
21.

21.
57.
57.

23.

56.

77.

20.

78.

29.

24.
24.

3.
30.
55.

448. Locustariae.

448.

435.

435.

452. GryUidcs.

452.

0. Acrydii.

473.
456.

0.
416. Slattariae.

456. Gryllidcs.

443. Locustariae,
443.

0.

427. Gryllides.
429.

~ n ,v i K »
t t i' r o " f J

PLATE VIII.— ORTHOPTERA.

Fig. 1 Caloptenus (Serv.) spretus. 9 Uhler MSS. Scudd. Cat. 0. Scudd. Mono.

? 1

( Caloptenus (Serv.) femur-rubrum.
2 1 Burm.
( Acridium (Geoff.) " " Harr.

f Scudd. in Hay-
den's Geol.

3 CEdipoda (Latr.) atrox. \ Surv.Neb.253.

I Hayden's Geol.
[ Surv., 1871, 458.

4 f Pezotettix (Burm.) picta. $ Thomas. 1
| Proc. Acad. Nat. Scien., Phil. 1870. j

(Thamnotrizon (Fischer.) trilineatus. 9 1
Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr.,
1871, p. 443.
Decticus (Serv.) trilineatus. J

( Hadenfflcus (Scudd.) subterraneus. $ 1

6 j Scudd. [

( Rhaphidophora (Charp.) subterraneus. j

(• Tettix (Latr. emend. ) lateralis (?) ? Scudd. )

74 Tetrix (Latr.) Harr. I

( Acridium (Geoff) " Say. j

0 ( Ceuthophilus (Scudd.) Uhleri. 9 (affinis.) I
| Scudd ]

f Udeopsylla (Scudd.) robusta. J1 Scudd. )

9 i Phalangopsis (Serv.) " Hald J.

( Daihinia (Hald.) " •• j

, Q f Boopidon (Thomas.) flavofasciatum. 9 1
{ Thomas. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1870. }

, , | Stauronotus (Fischer.) Elliotti. 9 Thomas )
I Pr. Acad. Nat. Scien. Phil. 1870, 82. J

12 1 Caloptenus (Serv.) differentialis. 9 )
{ Thomas. |

f Acridium (Geoff.) alutaceum. 9 Harr. ]
,0 J (Small spec.)

1 I Acridium rusticum (Burm. only.)

" torvum. Say. and Harr.

f Copiopliora (Walk.) mucronata. 9 ]

1itJ Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr

1871, p. 444.
[ Copiphora (Serv.)

15 Camptonotus (Uhler.) Scudderi. 9 Uhler.

20.

40.

79.

21.

83.

5.

4.

2H.

21.

0. Acrydii.
464.

Locustariae.

440.

477. Acrydii.

435. Locustariae.

443.

466.

0.

Locustariae,

VI II

c ~ -

"fi ,\'f ICtJ

r f i' r fi " f J /• s

PLATE IX.— ORTHOPTERA.

C Anabrus (Hald.) simplex. 9 Hald. ]

Figl| Thomas Hayden's Geol. Surv.Terr. Ucudd. Cat. 8. Soudd. Mono. Q. Loeuttavcat,
{ 1871, p. 438.

( (Edipoda (Latr.) tenebrosa. ? Scudd. ]

Thomas Geol. Surv. Terr. 1871, p. 459. I AerydK.

2 1 Tomonotus (Sauss.) mexicanus. Thomas. (
Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1870.

„ f Brachypeplus (Charp.) virescens. ? ) "20 0.

6 ( Charp. )

. f Caloptenus (Serv.) differentialis. c? J "5 0.

4 I Thomas. J

^ \

5 Gryllus (Linn.) formosus. ? Ray. 34. 0. (fryllvie,.

f CEdipoda (Latr.) triiasciata. ? Walk. }

Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr. I

1871, p. 456.
(Edipoda (Latr.) pruinoaa. Thomas. 39. 0. Ar,;,</n.

Pr. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1870.
Gryllus (Linn.) trifasciata. Say. Am. Ent.

Fig. 3, pi. 3*.

f Acrolophitus (Thomas.) hirtipes $ "I
7\ Thomas. 38.

(. Gryllus (Linn.) hirtipes. Say.

a ( Decticus (Serv.) pallidipalpis. $ Thomas. 1 „ ,,j .. 0 jlfl,.,lxt, ,,.;,/,.

8 | Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr. 1871, p. 442. j

„ f Locusta (Linn.) fuligmosa. J1 Thomas.) -lm/«/ii

y \ Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr. 1871, p. 443. |

{Gryllus (Linn.) luctuosus. $ Burm.
.and Serv.
Acheta (Linn.) luctuosus.

11 Acheta (Linn.) luctuosus J1 " 35.

IX

C..LU-C

- n ,v I K H-
r \\r.r.r,',u r

PLATE X.— ORTHOPf ERA.

Fig.l

Diapheromera (Gray) fcmorata. Scudd. ]

Bacteria (Latr.) sayii. Burm. Ucudd. Oat. 1 1. Scudd. Mono. Phaemida

Bacunculus (Burm.) femoratus. Lnler.

Spectrum (Serv.) femoratum. Say.

2 f Forficesila (Latr.) f From Westwood. ) ,. 2? ., Q ;.•„,.,,,„,„,,„,

\ gigantea Serv. [ European. )

o J Labia (Leach) minor. Doubled. 1 „ «^ ., ..

{ Forficula (Linn.) minor. Burm. j

f Stenobothrus (Fischer) curtipennis. 9 1

4 njrcudd.' „ " 77. 456. Acrydii.
Chlo3altis (Harr.) curtipennis. Harr.

[ Locusta

5 f Chlcealtis (Harr.) viridis. 9 Scudd.
I Stenobothrus (Fisch.) viridis.

( CEdipoda (Latr.) verruculata. 9 Scudd. 1

6< Locusta (Linn.) latipennis. Harr. " 57. 471.

( " " verruculata. Kirby. j

„ ( ffidipoda (Latr.) carinata. 9 Scudd. ) ,.

' I Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. 2, p. 306. ]

8 Gryllus (Linn.) neglectus. $ 9 Scudd. " ?<(>. 428. (li-ijlinlrs

f Phylloptera (Serv.) oblongifolia. $ ]

9< Burm. " (>8. 445. LoCMtanat

( Locusta (Linn.) oblongifolia. De Geer. J

{Traeocephala (Harr.) infuscata. r? }
tfarr. " 82. 4«il. Arry./ii.

Gomphocerus (Thunb.) infuscata. Uhler. J

., ( ffidijjoda (Latr.) sordida. tf Burrn.
I Locusta (Linn.) nebulosa. Harr.

H:irr. i „ .,0

. „ f Ghloealtis (Harr.) conspersa. 9
| " " abortiva.

13 Acridium (Geoff.) alutaceum. 9 Harr 4. 4iiH.

., f Stenobothrus (Fisch.) maculipennis. 9 ) .• 77 " 45^

{ Scudd. j

PLATE XI.— ORTHOPTERA.

Fig. 1 Acridium (Geoff.) frontalis. 9 Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p. 448.

( Caloptenus (Serv.) occidentals. 9 "1

3J Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., \ Acrydn.

( 1871, p. 453.

3 Caloptenus (Serv.) viridie. $ Thomas. Hayden'sGeol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p. 450.

Caloptenus (Serv.) Dodgei. J1 Thomas.
Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871,
p. 451.

Caloptenus (Serv.) Dodgei. tf Thomas.
Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871,
p. 451.

e f Caloptenus (Serv.} differentialis. tf 1 gcudd Ca(. 5
( Thomas. (Dark var.) j

{Opomala (Serv. emend.) bivittata. 9 )
Say. [ " 58.

Opsomala (Serv.) J

Mesops (Serv.) Wyomingensis. $ ]

8 Thomas. Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., (
187.1.

Opomala (Serv. emend.)

9 Caloptenus (Serv.) Dodgei. $ Thomas. (See above.)

{Caloptenus (Serv.) Turnbullii. $ Thomas.
(Var. A.) Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr.,
1871, p. 452.

11 [ Ephippitytha (Serv.) gracilipes. $ ) Locustariat.
\ Thomas. )

12 Phaneroptera (Serv.) coloradensis. $ Thomas. MSS.

(" Pezotettix (Burm.) obesa. 9 Thomas. ]

13-^ Hayden's Geol. Surv., Terr., 1871, \ Acrydii.

( p. 454.

14 Pezotettix (Burm.) obesa. 9 Thomas.

15 Ephippigera (Serv.) tschivavensis. ? (Hald.) Stansbury's Report.

{Locusta (Linn.) occidentalis. 9 Thomas.
Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p.
444.

(" Pterolepis (Serv.) minutus. 9 Thomas. '

17< Hayden'sGeol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p. 441. J- LoetutariM,

( Anabrus (Hald.) mmutus. Thomas.

, ; .

• fi .V I KU

r \\r.r.r,~\j r z

PLATE XII.— ORTHOPTERA.

Fig. 1 Nirmus argulus. From Rev. J. G. Wood. Nat. Hist., illustrated, p. 686. Mallophaya.

2 Menapon pallidum. Nat. Hist., Illustrated, p. 686.

3 Triohodectes longicornis. Nat. Hist., illustrated, p. 685.

4 Trichodectes equi. Nat. Hist, illustrated, p. 685.

5 Docophorus cygni. Nat. Hist., illustrated, p. 686.

6 Haematopinus piliferup. Nat. Hist., illustrated, p. 685.

(" Haematopinus suis. Denny Monog. an-
?•{ oplurum. Nat. Hist., illustrated, p.
[ 685.

8 CEdipoda (Latr.) rugosa. $ Scudd. Scudd. Cat. 55. Scudd. Mono. 4G9. Acrydii.

9 Thnps (Linn.) cerealeum. Halid. From an English work. Thripidte.
10

11 Thloeothrips autumnalis. Uhler. Found on Oak, Md.

10 f (Edipoda (Latr.) montana. ? Thomas. 1 Arnirln

12 1 Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p. 462. }

( (Edipoda (Latr.) cincta. ? Thomas.
13^ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., 1870. 70.
(. Hayden'sGeol.Surv.Terr.,1871,p.464.

-. , ( Caloptenus (rierv.) griseus. ? Thomas. 1 ,,

11 \ Ilayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p 454. )

- ( (Edipoda (Latr.) undulata. Thomas. \ „

ID1 Hayden'sGeol.Surv.Terr.,1871,p.460. )

10 Mantis (Linn.) New sp. Manti>/?*.

( CEdipoda (Latr.) maritima. $ Scudd. 1 Scmld. Cat 56. Scudd. Mono. 472.
{ Locusta (Linn.) maritima. (Harr.) j f

( Stenobothrus (Fischer.) curtipennis. $ }

I Scudd. .i iry .c 450

1 Chlosaltis (Harr.) curtipennis. Harr. (

[ Locusta (Linn.) " Harr. J

(" Tettix (Latr. emend.) ornata. Scudd. 1 .

19 J Acridiurn (Fab.) ornatum. Say. (From V 79. 474.

I Say's fig.) J

20. CEdipoda (Latr.) pellucida. ? Scudd. " 57. % " 472.

f CEdipoda (Latr.) carlingiana. <j" Thomas.

21 \ Proo.Aoad. Nat. tfci.,Phil., 1870, 81, and

[ Ilayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., 1870, p 275.

XII

- 0 .V I K II

M r r r, - [ j /•

PLATE XIII. — ORTHOPTERA.

C Eggs of Phylloptera (Serv.) oblongifolia. ]

Fig. 1 J. Burm. > Scudd. Cat. 68. Scudd. Mono. 445. Locustariac,

[ Locusta (Linn.) oblongifolia. De Geer. J

2 Pezotettix (Burm.) nebrascensis. Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr. , 1871, p. 455 Aerydii.

„ f (Edipoda (Latr.) Haldemanni. Scudd. Hayden's Geol. Surv., Neb., p. 253. „

{ (Edipoda (Latr.) corallipe*. Hald. Stansbury's Rep., p. 371, pi. 10, fig. 2.

4 (Edipoda (Latr.) longipennis. Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv., 1871, p. 463.

5 Batrachidea (prob.) pupa. From Md.

r ( Thamnotrizon (Fischer) scabricollis. Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv. Terr., T ,

{ 1871, p. 441.

_ ( Stenopelmatus (Burm.) fasciatus. Thomas, (large sp. from Gal.) Hayden's Geol. ,,

' { Surv. Terr., 1871, p. 434.

f (Edipoda (Latr ) aequalis. Uhler. ]

8 j Locusta (Linn.) " Harr. I Srudd. Cat. 55. Scudd. Mono. 470. Aerydii.
[ Gryllus (Linn.) " Say. j

9 Pezotettix (Burm.) unicolor. Thomas.

. Q ( Boopidon (Thomas) nubilnm. Thomas. Hayden's Geol. Surv Terr., 1870, p. 273. ,,
{ Boopidon (Thomas) nigrum. Thomas. Gryllus (Linn.) nubilus. Say.

11 Mantis (Linn.) missouriensis. Riley. MSS. Manti<let.

12 Mantis (?) Thomas. From Wyoming Terr, "

13 Ozycoryphus (Fischer) obscurus. Thomas. Hayden'sGeol. Surv. Terr., 1871, p466. Aerydii.

^x|*Acridium (Geoff.) semi-rubrum. Sauseure. Scudd. Cat. 7. „

( Acridium (Geoff.) flavicorne of Stoll.

,- f Caloptenus (Serv. )spretus. Uhler. (Young insect.) Thomas. „

{ Desc. Hayden's Geol. Surv. 1871, p. 451.

*Acridium semi-rubrum is said, by Rev. CYRUS THOMAS, to have been taken in Southern Texas,
but is mentioned by FITCH in Trans. N. Y. S. Ag. Soc., 1856, p. 490, as occurring in Cayenne only.

XIII

' 6 .V t I' I/

1 1' ,r r, - i j /•

NOTES ON FOOD

ASD

HABITS OF ORTHOPTERA.

The list of vegetable and animal substances injured by Orthoptera, as
given below, comprises a very small number of the mast important, as it
would take up too much space in a merely preliminary sketch to enumerate
them all.

Should, however, the text relating to the insects figured be publish.'.],
it is designed to give a full list of all the substances injured, as well as all
the insects injuring them, as mentioned by the various authors who have
written on the subject.

Before commencing the list it may, however, be advisable to mention
some of the principal families, in relation to their food, in general terms.
The Gryllina (Ceuthophilus, PI. Ill, Fig. 5; (Ecanthus, PI. IV, Figs. 1, 2,)
are mostly vegetable feeders, whilst Anabrus simplex (PI. IX, Fig. 1,) varies
its diet, according to the KEV. CYRUS THOMAS, by devouring the Cicada, or
harvest-flies, whenever it can capture them.

The true crickets (Gryllus or Acheti, PI. X, Fig. 8,) live under stones,
&c., and, although vegetable feeders, living on roots and herbage, yet, in
many instances, they injure animal substances, such as cloth, leather, &c.,
when it is in the neighborhood of their haunts. The Mole crickets (Gryl-
lotalpa, PI. VII, Fig. 13,) burrow under the earth like moles, and usually feed
on roots and herbage, and in Europe do considerable injury. The Locustari;'*'
(Phaneroptera, PI. VII, Figs. 2, 3; Cyrtophyllus, PI. IV, Fig. 15, katydids,)
inhabit shrubs and trees, feeding principally on their foliage, whilst the
slender meadow grasshopper, Orchelimum (PL IV, 78,) feeds mostly on grass
and herbage. The wingless Locustariae (Stenopelmatus, PI. XIII, Fig. 7,)
live on the ground and are said to feed on vegetable substances.

The Acrydii, or true grasshoppers and locusts, (Caloptenus, PL VII,
Acridium, PL I, Fig. 15; (Edipoda, PL V, Fig. 3; and Locusta, PL IX,
Fig. 9,) live principally amongst the grass and low herbage, and devour all
kinds of vegetable substances. Some species assemble in great IIUIH'
when migrating, like the locust of scripture, and are extremely injurious to
almost all kinds of vegetation. The Mantides (Mantis Carolina, PL II,) are
altogether predaceous. They kill and devour all other insects they can over-

power, and are, therefore, almost the only family amongst the Orthoptera
which are at all beneficial to the farmer as destroying other injurious insects.
The Phasmidae, spectres, or walking sticks, (Diapheromera, PL X, Fig. 1,)
resemble twigs, in form and color, and feed on the foliage of various shrubs
and trees, whilst the Blattariae, or cockroaches, (Stylopyga, PI. VII, Fig. 12;
Ectobia, PI. I, Figs. 4, 5,) are almost omnivorous,' feeding indiscriminately on
both vegetable and animal substances, and are extremely destructive in houses
and on shipboard. The Forficulariae, or earwigs, (Forficula, PI. X, Fig. 2,)
are not numerous enough in this country to do much injury, but in Europe
are said to injure flowers and ripe fruit, and occasionally to feed on small in
sects. The Thripidae certainly do much injury to the tender foliage of the
grape vine, &c., and are very destructive to greenhouse plants. Thrips
cerealeum, (PI. XII, Figs. 9, 10,) injures the wheat crop in Europe by suck
ing the sap of the grain or .seed and cause it to shrivel up and wither. MR.
WALSH, however, considered the true Thrips in the light of a beneficial
insect, stating that it destroyed the lavvae of the destructive wheat midge
Cecidomyia (Diplosis) tritici and other injurious insects.

Some of the wingless orthoptera (Podura, the springtail, PL VI, Fig. 17,)
are stated, by MR. CURTIS, to feed upon the pulp of leaves, at the same time
poisoning the sap and thus injuring the plants. The Mallophaga (or bird
lice, PL XII, "Fig. 1,) Nirmus argulus and dog louse, Trichodectes latus,
PI. VI, Fig. 8.) feed upon the feathers and hairs of the birds or animals they
infest, and do not injure them by sucking the blood. By thus studying the
food of the various Orthopterous insects, we find that all of them are more
or less injurious to the farmer, with the sole exception of the Mantis, or
rear-horse, as it is commonly called in Maryland and Virginia, which lives
altogether on animal food, and is, therefore, beneficial as destroying injurious
insects.

The family of Orthoptera is stated, by DR. PACKARD, to contain "about
5,000 species" and constitutes a very important article of food for certain
animals, birds and fishes. Some of the grasshoppers are even eaten by our
western Indians, when partially roasted and coarsely pulverized between two
stones. A specimen of food used%by the Indians now in the Museum of the
Department of Agriculture, in Washington, sent from Camp Harney, Oregon,
by Asst. Surgeon MOFFATT, U. S. A., which contains a great number
of the heads and femora of some great wingless grasshopper or cricket,
(apparently Anabrus simplex, PL IX, Fig. 1,) which is so abundant in some
parts of the west. Several of the Orthoptera are also subject to be destroyed
by both external and internal parasites. A coleopterous insect, Pvhipiphorus,
(Symbius) blattarum, probably the same as Khipidius, mentioned by PACKARD,
is parasitic in the bodies of certain cockroaches. Several species of Ichneu
mon-flies, Evania loevigata, Oliv, and a species of Pteromalus are said to
destroy the eggs of cockroaches. A large species of Asilus, or robber-fly,
according to the REV. C. THOMAS, also destroys numbers of grasshoppers by
sucking out their juices. A species of Tachina, a two- winged fly, very similar

to our house fly, but larger, and having a more hairy body, destroys the per
fect insect of the Mantis, or rear-horse, as many as nine having come out
of the body of one Mantis Carolina, (PI. II, Figs. 1, 2, 3.) An Ichneumon-
fly destroys the eggs of katydids. Crickets, grasshoppers and katydids
are infested with the Filaria, Gregarina and Gordins, hair-snakes, or worms,
which live in their bodies. A small scarlet-red mite Astoma locustarum
(WALSH) or Ocypete of HARRIS is frequently found clustered on the body or
under the wings of grasshoppers, and it is said that when numerous, they
eventually kill the insect they infest. In late summer and autumn great
numbers of dead and dried-up grasshoppers are frequently observed in Ma
ryland and Virginia, clinging fast to the tops of the highest stalks of grass
or weeds. These probably have been destroyed by some animal or vegetable
parasite, at present unknown.

Many of the so-called dirt-daubers, mud and sand wasps, provision
their neste with young grasshoppers to serve as food for their larva, and
there is no doubt that when more attention is given to the habits of our
Orthoptera, many other parasites especially among the Ichneumon-flies, Chal-
'•ididea, &c., will be discovered and made known to the public.

ALPHABETICAL LIST

OK

VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL SUBSTANCES

INJURED BY

ORTHOPTERA.

The number of the plate on which the insect is figured will be distinguished by being in
Roman numerals, whilst the number of the figure will be placed in italics, thus IV, 6; plate 4,
figure 6.

When the mark, f, is placed before the name of an insect, it signifies that it is injurious;
tt. very injurious; ||, beneficial; f||, more injurious than beneficial; and ||f, more beneficial
than injurious.

Aphides, f||CEcanthus niveus, IV, 1, g, said to
destroy plant lice, and also injures grape
vines, Ac.

Beneficial. See Predaceous.

Birds. Nirmu? argnlus, XII, 1. Lonse. Para
sitic upon

Blackberry. fGCcanthus niveus, IV, 2, £, de
posits eggs in cane, and injures

Cherry. fCEcanthus niveus, IV, 1, %, deposits
eggs in cane, and injures

Books. f Ectobia germanica, I, 4, eats, destroys
and covers with filth.

Books. tStylopyga orientalis, VII, 2, (and other
cockroaches in general,) eats, destroys, and
covers with filth.

Caves. Hadenoecus subterranens, VIII, 6,
found in

Clothing, f Ectobia germanica, I, 4, eats and
destroys

Clothing. fStylopyga orientalis, VII, S, eats
and destroys

Corn. See Maize.

Currant. fCEcanthos niveus, IV, 1, S, deposit*
eggs on twigs, and injures

Deer fallow. Trichodectes longicornis, XII, 3.
Louse, parasite on

Diplosis trihci. See wheat midge.

Dogs. Trichpdectes latus, VI, 5. Lonse, para
site on

Dogs. Haematopinns piliferus, XII, 6. para
sitic on

Fruits. fGryllus neglectns, (and crickets in gen
eral,) X, $, injure

Fruits. fCaloptenns femnr-rubrum, (and grass
hoppers in general,) VIII, S, injure

Fungi. Smynthnrus.VI, 7, inhabits
Gnaphalium. . Auisomorpha buprestoides, I, S,

probably feeds on
Grain. ftCaloptenus femur-rnbrum (and grass-

hopperein general,) VIII, S, destroys plants.
Grain. ffThrips cerealeum (Europe.) XII, 9,

10, sucks out milky juice, and destroys
Grape. fCEcanthus niveus, IV, 1, g, devours

foliage, severs branches, and injures shoots

by depositing eggs in them.
Grape. fOrochans saltator, III, 11, 12, deposits

eggs on branches, aud injures
Grass ftCaloptenusfemur-rubrum, (and all the

grasshoppers in general,) VIII, S, eat snd

destroy
Grass, f^dipoda, sulphurea, Ac., Ac., V. 6, eat

and destroy
Grass, f Acridium americanum, Ac., I, If, (and

many of the other orthoptera.)
Greenhouse plants. ffThrips. (?) VI, 9, injure
Herbage. See insects destroying grass.
Hog. Haematopinus suis, XII, 7, louse parasitic

on

Horse. Trichodectes equi, XII, 4, louse para
sitic on

Insects in general. See predaceous.
Leather. T Ectobia germanica, (and other cock
roaches,) I, <f, eat holes in
Lemon. fPhylloptera oblongifolia, IV, 4, (and

other insects found on orange,) injure foliage.
Maize, ff Caloptanus femur-rubrum, VIII. 8,

(and many of the other grasshoppers,) injure

young plants and blades. See grass.
Melons. tGrylltu neglectus, X, £ (and other

crickets,) injure

Oak. Acridium rubiginosum, V, S, found on

Oak. Phlcethrips autumnalis. XII, 11. found on

Onion, fj- Limothrips tritioi (for Thrips see VI.
9,) injures

Orange. fPhylloptera oblongifolia, IV, 4, in
jures foliage.

Orange, f Romalea microptera, III, 4, injures
foliage.

Orange, f Acridium obscurum, V, £, injures fol
iage.

Palmetto. Anisomorpha buprestoides, I, S, found
on

Paper. See books.

Peacock. Philopterus falcicornis, VI, 1, louse
parisitic on

Peach. fCEcanthus niveus, IV, 1, S, injures
twigs by depositing eggs in them.

Plum. fCEcanthus mveus, IV, 1, S, injures
twigs by depositing eggs in them.

Potato. f Gryllus neglectus, X, S, (and other
crickets,) feeds on, and injures

Potato. fCaloptenus femur rubrum, VIII, S,
(and other grasshoppers,) sometimes injure
foliage.

Potato. fGryllotalpa longipennis, I, IS, (and
mole crickets in general,) injure roots, &c.

Poultry. Menapon pailidum, XII, S, louse, par
asitic on.

Predaceous. [| Mantis Carolina, II, 1, S, feed en
tirely on other insects.

Predaceous. f|| Forficula, VI, 19, said to eat
aphides, &c., but also destructive to flowers,
fruits, &c., in Europe.

Predaceous. f|| Thrips, VI, 9, said to destroy
larva? of wheat midge, &c.

Predaceous. fll Anabrus simplex, IX, 1, de
vours harvest-fly or cicada.

Raspberry, f (Ecant'ius niveus, IV, 1, S, in
jures twigs by depositing eggs in them.
Roots in general, f Gryllus neglectus, X, S, (and

crickets in general,) feed upon and injure
Koots in general. fGryllotalpa longipennis, I,

IS, (and mole crickets in general,) feed upon

and injure
Silk. fLepisma saccharina, VI, 6, said to eat

holes in
Shrubs, f Cyrtophyllus concavus, IV, IS, (and

katydids in general,) feed on
Shrubs. Diapheromera femorata, X, 1, feeds

on foliage.
Squash, f Gryllus neglectus, X, .S, (and other

crickets,) feeds upon, and injures
Pumpkin, &c. fCaloptenus femur-rubrum, VIII,

S, (and other grasshoppers,) injures foliage.
Sugar-cane. Gryllotalpa didactyla in West

Indies, injures

Swan. Dacophorus cygni, louse parasitic on
Trees. See shrubs.
Vegetables. f Gryllus neglectus, (X, S, (and

other crickets,) injures roots and leaves.
Vegetables, f Gryllotalpa longipennis, I, 1£

(and other mole crickets,) injures roots and

leaves.
Vegetables. ffCaloptenus femu-rrubrum, VIII,

S, (and other grasshoppers,) destroys
Vegetable substances. Podura, VI, 7, feeds upon
Victuals, ft Ectobia germanica, I, 4, (and all

cockroaches,) injures and render filthy.
Wheat. tfThripscerealum.IX, JO, injures gram.
Wheat midge. f|| Thrips, V, 9,said'by WALSH

to destroy larvae of wheat midge so des
tructive to grain.
Woollen cloth, f Gryllus domestica. VI, 14,

eats holes in

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF GENERA
FIGURED.

NOTE. — The number of the plate on which the insect is figured will be distinguished by being
in Roman numerals, whilst the number of the figure will be in italics, thus : IV, 6; plate 4, figure 6.

Acheta. See Gryllus, Nemobius.

Arri'lium alutaceum, VIII, IS; X, 13.

Acridiura americanum, I, IS.

Acridium frontalis, XI, 1.

Acridinm obscurum, V,lg.

Acridium rubiginosum, V, 5.

Acridium semirubrum, XIII, 14.

Acridium. See also. Caloptenus, CEdipoda,

Opomala, Tettix, Tragocephala.
Acrolophitus hirtipes, IX, 7.
Anabrus. See also Pterolepis.
Anabrus haldemannii, VII, 17.
Anabrus simplex, IX, 1.
Anisomorpha buprestoides, I, 8.
Bacteria. See Diapheromera.
Bacunculus. See Diapheromera.
Batrachidea (pupa) XIII, S.
Batrachidea crestata, V, S.
Blatta. See Ectobia Periplaneta.

Platamodes. Stylopyga.
Boopidon flavofasceatum, VIII, 10.
Boopidon nubilum, XIII, 10.
Brachypeplus magnns, VII, 11.
Brachypeplus virescens, IX, 3.
Caloptenns bivittatus, I, 16; V, 16.
Caloptenus differentialis, VIII, 8; IX, 4; XI, 6.
Caloptenns dodgei, XI , 4, S, 9.
Caloptenus femur-rubrum, V, 11; VIII, £.
Caloptenus griseus, XII, 14.
Caloptenus occidentals, XI, a.
Caloptenus spretus, VIII, 1; XIII, IS
Caloptenus turnbullii, XI, 10.
Caloptenus viridis, XI, 3.
Camptonotns scndderi, VIII, IS.
Ceutliophilus lapidicolus, VII, 4, S.
Ceuthophilus macnlatus, III, S.
Ceuthophilus Uhlerii, VIII, 8.
Chlojaltis conspersa, VI, 11 ; X, Ig.
Chlcealtis viridis, X, S.
Chlcealtis. See also Stenobothrus.
Conocephalus ensiger, IV, IS.
Copiopnora mucronata, VII, S; VIII, 14.
Copiphora. See Copiophora.
Cryptocercus pnnctulatus, VI, SO.
Cyrtacanthacris. See Acridinm.
Cyrtophyllus conca%rus, IV, IS.
Daihinia brevipes, VII, 14, IS.
Daihinia. See Udeopsylla.

Decticus. See also Thamnotrizon.

Decticus pallidipalpis, IX, 3.

Diapheromera femorata, I, 7; X, 1.

Docophorus cygni, XII, S.

Ectobia germanica, I, 4.

Ephippigera tschivavensis, XI, IS.

Ephippigera. See also Ceuthophilus.

Ephippitytha gracilipes, XI, 11.

Forficeaifa gigantea, X, 8.

Forficula. See also Labia.

Forficula. (?) VI, 19.

Gomphocerus. See Tragocephala.

Gryllotalpa borealis, VII, 13.

Gryllotalpa longipennis, I, IS.

Gryllus aobreviatus, VII, 17.

Gryllus domesticns, VI, 14.

Gryllus (?) formosus, IX, 6.

Gryllus luctuosus, IX, 10.

Gryllus neglectus, X, S.

Oryllns pennsylvanicus, I, 13, 14.

Gryllus. See also Acridinm, Acrolophitus, Cal-

opetnus, (Ecanthus, CEdipoda, Pyrgomor-

]>ha, Romalea.

Hadenascus subterraneus, VIII, 6.
Haematopinns piliferus, XII, 6.
Haematopinus snis, XII, 4.
Labia, minor, X, 3.
Labia minuta, I, 10.
Lepisma saccharina, VI, 6.
Locusta fuligmosa, IX, 9.
Locusta occidentalis, XI, 16.
Locusta. See also Conocephalns, Gryllus.

CEdipoda, Phaneroptera, Phylloptera, Ste-

oobothrus, Xiphidium.
Machilis variabilis, VI, 8, 3.
Mantis (?) XII, 16,
Mantis (?) XIII, 13.
Mantis Carolina, II, 1, 2. 3, Ac.
Micitis missouriensis, XIII, 11.
Menopon pullidnm, XII, 2.
Mesops Wyomingensis, IV, 9; XI, S.
Microcentrum retinervis, IV, S.
Microcentrum egg, IV, 16.
Nemobius exigiuns, VII, IS.
Nemobius fasciatus, III, 9, 10.
Nemobius vittatus, VI, 13.
Nirmus argulus, XII, 1.
(Ecanthus bipunctatus, IV, S, 6.

8

CEcanthus niveua, IV, 1, S.
(Edipoda aequalis, XIII, g.

atrox, VIII, 3.
' carinata, X, 7.

Carolina, V, 3.

carlingiana, XII, SI.

cincta XII, 13.

coralipes, III, g.

discoidea, III, 3, 7.

eucerata III, S : V, 13 .VI S3.

Haldemanii, XIII, 3.

longipennis, XIII, 4.

maratima, XII, 17.
" marmorata, VII, 9.
" inontana, XII, 13.

pellucida, XII, 20.

phcenicoptera, V, 4.

rugosa, XII, g,

eordida, X, 11.

sulphurea, V, 6.

tenebrosa, IX, 2.

trifasciata, IX, 6.

verruculata, X, 6.

undulata, XII, IS.

See also Tragocephala.
Opomala bivittata, VI, 24 and 26; XI, 7.
Opsomala. See Opomala, Mesops and Pyrgo-

morpha.

Orchelimum vulgare, IV, 7, S; VII, 6.
Orchelimum. See also Xiphidiutn.
Orocharis saltator, III, 11, IS.
Oxycoryphus obscurus, XIII, 13.
Fediculus. See Phylopterus.
Periplaneta americana, I, S.
Pezotettix borealis, VI, 16.

" nebrascensis, XIII, g.

obesa, XI, 13, 14.

picta, VIII. 4.
" unicolor, XIII, 9.
Phalangopsis. See Ceuthophilus, Udeopsylla.
Phaneroptera coloradensis, XI, IS.

curvicauda, VII, S, S, and V, 10.
Philopterus falcicornis, VI, 1.
Phlcethrips coreacea, VI, 4.
Phrynotettix verruculata, VI, 25
Phylloptera (?) egg, IV, 16.

Pbylloptera oblongifolia, X. 9; IV, 4; XIII, 1.
rotundifolia, VI, IS.
See also microcentrum.
Platamodes pennsylvanica, I, 1 and 3
Platyphyllum. See Cyrtophyllus.
Podisma. See Pezotettix.
Pterolepis miuutus, XI, 17.
Pterolepis. See Anabrus also.
I'odura villosa. VI, 7.

Pterophylla. See also Cyrtophyllus, Orcheli
mum, Xiphidium.
Pyrgomofpha brevicornis, IV, 14.
PJiaphidophora, See Ceuthophilus, Hadenacus
Romalea microptera, III, 4.
Smynthurus, VI, 7.

Spectrum. See Diapheromera, Anisomorpha
Stauronotus, Elliotti, VIII, 11.
Stenobothrus admirabilis, IV, 13; V, 14.
aequalis, VI, SI.

curtipennis, VI. IS; VII, 10; X 4-
XII, IS.

maculipennis, X, 14; VI, £7.
longipennis, V, IS.
Stenopelmatus talpa, I, 10.

fasciatus, XIII, 7.

Stylopyga orientalis, I, S, 6; VII, 12.
Tettigidea polymorpha VII 1
Tettix lateralis, VIII, 7.

ornata, V, 1 and S; XII, 19.
Tetrix, Tettigidea, Batrachidea.
Thamnotrizon, dorsale, I, 11.

scabralis, XIII, 6.
trilineatus, VIII, 5
Thrips(?) VI, 6, 9; XII, 11.
cerealum, XII, 9, 10.
Tomonotus. See (Edipoda tenebrosa.
Tragocephala infuscata, X, S.

viridifasciata, V, 9.
Trinhodectes equi, XII, 4.
latus VI, g.
longicornis, XII, 3.
Tridactylus terminalis, III, 6.
Udeopsylla robusta, VIII, 9.
Xiphidium brevipennie, IV, 11.
fasciatum, IV, 10.

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SPECIES
FIGURED.

abbreviate Gryllus, VII, 17.
abbreviate Acheta. See Gryllus.
abortiva Chloealtis. See C. consperea.
acuminata Locusta. See Conocephalus, ensiger.
aequalis CEdipoda, XIII, S.

" LocuBta. See CEdipoda.
" Gryllns. See
" Stenobothrus, VI, SI.
agilis Pterophylla. See Orchelimnm vnlgare.
alutaceum Acridium, VIII, IS; X, 13.
americanum Acridium, I, IS.

" Cyrtacanthacris. See Acridinm.
" Gryllo8. See Acridium.
americana Periplaneta, I, g.

" Blatta. See Periplaneta.
americanus. Gryllotalpa. See G. borealis.
augustifolia Phaneroptera. See P. curvicauda.
arenosa Tetrix. See T. Oraata.
argulua Nirmus, XII, 1.
atrox CEdipoda, VIII, 8.
bipunctatus CEcanthus, IV, S, 6.

Gryllns. See CEcanthns.
bilineata Tetrix. See T. ornata.
bivittatus Caloptenus, I, 16; V, 16.
" Gryllus. See Caloptenus.
bivittata Opomala, VI, 84-86; XI, 7.

Acridium. See Opomala.
" Opsomala. See Opomala.
bivittatam Spectrum. See Anisomorpha bn-

prestoides.
borealis Gryllotalpa, VII, 13,

Pezotettix, VI, 16.
brevicornis Pyrgomorpha, IV, 14,

' Opomala. See Pyrgomorpha.

1 Truxalis. See Pyrgomorpha.

brev pennis Gryllotalpa. See G. borealia.

Xiphidium, IV, 11.
brevipes Daihinia, VII, 14, IS.
buprestoides Anisomorpha, I, S.

Phasma. See Anisomorpha.
carinata CEdipoda, X, 7.
carlingiana " XII, SI.
Carolina " V, 3.

Locusta. See CEdipoda.
caroliniana Locusta.
Carolina, Mantis II. 1, t, 3, Ac.
centurio Gryllns. See Romalea microptera.
cerealeum Thrip, XII, 9, 10.
cincta CEdipoda, XII, 13.
coloradensis Phaneroptera, XI, IS.
concavus Cyrtophyllus, IV, IS.
concavum Platyphyllum. See Cyrtophyllus.
concava Pterophylla. See Cyrtophyllus.
conspersa Chlcealtis, VI, 11; X, IS.
corallina Locusta. See CEdipoda, phoemcoptera.
corallipes CEdipoda, III, S. See also <E Halde-

coriacea Phloeothrips, VI, 4.
cristata Batrachidea, V, S.

Tetrix. See Batrachidea.
curtipennis Stenobothrus, VI, IS; VII, 1C ;

X, 14; XII, IS.

curtipennis Chloealtis. See Stenobothrus.

" Locusta. See Stenobothrus.
curvicauda Phaneroptera, VII, S, 3 ; V, 10.

" Locusta. See Phaneroptera.
cygni Docophorus, XII, S.
damnificum Acridium. See A. rubiginosum.
differenlialis Caloptenus, VIII, 12; IX, 4 ;

XI, 6.

discoidea CEdipoda, III, 7.

dodgei Caloptenus, XI, 4, S, 9.

domesticus Gryllus, Vl, 14.

domestica Acheta. See Gryllns.

dorpale Thamnotrizon, 1, 11.

dorsalis Tetrix. See Tettix ornata.

elliotti Stauronotus, VIII, 11.

ensiger Conocephalus, IV, IS.

earn Trichodectes, XII, 4.

eucerata CEdipoda, III, S; V, 13; VI, £3.

" Locusta. See CEdipoda.
exiguus Nemobius, VII, IS.

" Acheta. See Nemobius.
falcicornis Philopterus, VI, 1.
fasciatum Xiphidium, IV, 11.
fasciatus Nemobius, III, 9, 10,
" Gryllus. See Nemobius.
" (Ecanthus. See CE. niveus.
" Stenopelmatus, XIII, 7.
femorata Diapheromera, I, 7; X, 1.
femoratus Bacunculus. See Diapheromera.
femoratum Spectrum. See Diapheromera.
femoratus Calopteaus. See C. bivittatus.
femur-rubrum Caloptenus, V, 11; VIII, *.
Acridium. See Caloptenus.
flavicorne Acridium. See A. semi-rubrum.
flavofasciatum Boopidon, VIII, 10.
formodus Gryllus (?) IX, S .
frontalis Acridium, XI, 1.

" Pezotettix, XIII, S.
fuliginosa Locueta, IX, 9.
germanica Ectobia, I, 4.

Blatta. See Ectobia.
gigantea ForBcesila, X, S.
gracile Orchelimum. See Xiphidium, fasciatnui
gracilipes Ephippitytha, XI, 11.
griseus Caloptenus, XII, 14.
haldemannii Pterolepis. See Anabros.
haldemannii Anabrus, VII, 16.

CEdipoda, XIII, S.I
See also CE. cprrallipes. )
hirtipes Acrolophitus, IX, 7.

" Gryllus. See Acrolophiuw.
hospes Acheta. See Nemobius fasciatus.

10

infuscata Tragocephala, X, 8.

" Qomphocerus. See Tragocephala.
lapidicolus Ceuthophilus, VII, 4, S.
lapidicola Phalangopsis. See Ceuthophilus.
" Baphidiphora. See Ceuthophilus.
lateralis Tettix, V, 7.

" Tetrix. See Tettix.

" Acridium. See Tettix.
latipennis Locusta. See CEdipoda verrueulata.
latus Trichodectes, VI, S.
longicornis Tnchodectes, .XII, 3.
longipennis Gryllotalpa, I, IS.

Stenobothrus, V, IS.
luctuosus Gryllua, IX, 10.

" Acheta. See Gryllus.
maculatus Ceuthophilus, III, 5.
maculata Ephippigera. See Ceuthophilus.

" Phalangopsis. See Ceuthophilus.

" Ehaphidiphora. See Ceuthophilus.
maculipennis Stenobothrus, VI, £1 ; X, 14.
magnus, Brachypeplus, VII, It.
maritima CEdipoda, XII, 17.

" Locusta. See CEdipoda.
marmorata CEdipoda. VII, 9,

" Locusta See CEdipoda.

microptera Romalea., Ill, 4.
minor Labia, X, 3.

" Forficula. See Labia.
minuta Labia, I, 10.
minutus Pterolepis,- XI, 17.
minutus Anabrus. See also Pterolepis.
missouriensia Mantis, XIII, 11.
montana CEdipoda, XII, 12.
mucronata Copiophora, VII, S ; VIII, 14.

Copiphora. See Copiophora.
nebulosa Locusta. See CEdipoda sordida.
nebrascencis Pezotettix, Xll, S.
ueglectus Gryllus, X, S.

nietanus Tomonotus. See CEdipoda tenebrosa.
nigrum Boopidon. See B. nubilum.
niveus CEcauthus, IV, 1, S.

" Gryllus. See CKcanthus.
nubilum Boopidon, XIII, 10.
nubilus Urylfus. See Boopidon.
obesa Pezottettix, XI, 13, 14.
oblongifolia Phylloptera, IV, 4; X, 9; and

XIII, 1.

oblongifolia Locusta. See Phylloptera.
obscurum Acridium, V./.0.
obscurus Gryllus. See Acridium.
obscurus Oxycoryplms, XIII, 13.
occidentals Locusta, XI, 16.
orientalis Stylopyga, I, S, 6; VII, IS.

Blatta. See Stylopyga.
ornata Tettix, V, 1, 2; XII, 19.
oniatum Acridium. See Tettix.

Tetrix. See Tettix.
pallidum Menapon, XII, B.
pallidipalpis Decticus, IX, S.
parvipennis Tettix. See Tettigidea, Polymorpha.
pavonius Pediculus. See Phylopterus falcicornis.
pellucida CEdipoda, XII, 20.
pennsylvanica Platamodes, I, 1, 3.

" Blatta. See Platamodes.

pennsylvanicus. See Gryllus.
phcenicoptera CEdipoda, V, 4.
picta Pezotettix, VIII, 4.
piliferus, Haematopiuus, XII, 6.

polymorpha Tettigidea, VII, 1.

Tetrix. . See Tettigidea.
pruinosa CEdipoda. See CEdipoda trifasciata.
pulchellus Phyllopalpus, VI, &g.
punctulatus CEcanthus. See CEcanthus, bi-

punctatus.

punctulatus Cryptocercus, VI, £0.
quadrimaculata Tetrix. See T. Ornata.
retinervis Microcentrum, IV, 3.

" Ph}'lloptera. See Microcentrum.
robusta Udeopsylla, VIII, 9.
" Daihinia. See Udeopsylla.
" Phalangopsis. See Ldeopsylla.
rotundifolia Phylloptera, VI, IS.
rugosa Gidipoda, XII, S.
rubiginosum Acridium, V, S.
rusticum (Burm. only) Acridium. See A. Ali>-

taceum.

radiata Tragocephala. See T. viridifasciata.
saccharina Lepisma, VI, 6.
paltator Orocharis, III, 11, IS.
sayii Bacteria. See Diapherompra femorata.
scabricollis Thamnotrizon, XIII, 6.
scudderi Camptonotus, VIII, IS.
semi-rubrum Acridium, XIII, 14.
servilis Acheta. See Nemobius vittatus.
simplex Anabrus, IX, 1.
sordida CEdipoda, X, 11.

Tettix. See T. ornata.
spretus Caloptenus, VIII, 1; XIII, IS.
subterraneus Hadensecus, VIII, 6.

" Rhaphidiphora. See Iladen«cus.

sulphurea CEdipoda, V, 6.

" Locusta. See CEdipoda.

" Gryllus. See (Edipoda.
suis Haematopinus, XII, 4.
talpa Stenopelmatus, I, 10.
tenebrosa CEdipoda, IX, 8.
terminalis Tndactylus, III, 6.
torvum Acridium. See C. Alutaceum.
trifasciata CEdipoda, IX, 6.

" Gryllus. See CEdipoda.
trilineatus Thamnotrizon, VIII, S.

" Decticus. See Thamnotrizon.
tschivavensis Ephippigera, XI, IS.
tuberculatum Acridium. See A. discoidea.
turnbullii Caloptenus, XI, 10.
uhleri Ceuthophilus, VIII, S.
undulata CEdipoda, XII, IS.
unieolor Pezottetix, XIII, 4.
variabilis Machilis, VI, S, 3.
verrueulata (Edipoda, X, 6.

" Locusta.. See (Edipoda.

" Phrynotettix, VI, 26.

villosa Podura, VI, 7.
virescens Brachypeplus, IX, 3.
virginianum Acridium. See Tragocephala viri

difasciata.

virginiana (Edipoda. See viridifasciata.
viridis Caloptenus, XI, 3.
viridis Chloealtis, X, §.

" Stenobothrus. See Chloealtis.
viridifasciata Tragocephala, V, 9.
vittatus Nemobius, III, 9, 10.
vulgare Orchelimum, IV, 7, S; VII. 6.
wyomingensis Mesops, IV, 9 ; XI, S.
" Opomala. See Mesops.

LIST OF
DESIDERATA TO FINISH THE WORK.

ilapithus agitator, Uhler, (Md.)

Gryllus augustus, Scudd., (Mass.)

Xya apicalis, Uhler, (South Western States.)

Tndactylns minutus, Soudd., (111.)

Cyphoderris monstrosa, Uhler, (Oregon.)

Platyphyllum perspHllatum, Serv. and Uhler

in Harris (U. S.)

Thyreonotus dorsalis, Scudd., (Mass, and Md.)
Orchesticus americanns, Snuss., (Tenn.)
(iryllacris carolinensis, Gerst, (Car.)
Tropidi»chia xanthostoma, Scudd., (Oal.)
Podisma (Acridium,) borkii Stal, (Cal.)
A< ri'lium flavofascialum, Thomas, (dol.)
Arcyptera lineata, Scudd. (Mass.)

platyptera, Scudd., (New Eng.)

" gracilis, (Bed River, Brit. Am.)
Tragocephala radiata, Erichs, (Mass.) (nrob. syn.

infuscata. ? .)

Tettix cucullata, Burm. (Mass.)
" granulata, Scudd., "
" triangularis, " "

Authenticated specimens of any of the above-mantioned Orthoptera will be most thankfully
received, and, after being figured, will be returned if required. Also, any other new species not
mentioned in the list of insects figured, if sent to the Author, will be figured and credited to the
donor or sender and placed in an extra plate of addenda, whenever a sufficient number of speci
mens are received to fill a plate.

Tettix rugosa, Scudd., (Mass.)

Batrachidea cannata, Scudd, (Cal.)

Thespis, (Mantis,) parva, Drury, pi. II, 39,

(Amer.)

Philialosoma ploiaria, Western, (Western State.)
Temnopteryx aeropeltiformis, Burm., (U. S.)

virginiana, Burm., (Va.)
Ischnoptera Uhleriana, Sauss., (U. S. Pa.,) or any

in U. S.

Platamodes unicolor, Scudd., (Mass.)
Ectobia lithophila, Scudd. (Mass.)
Paratrapes histrio, Saus., (U. S.)
Pycnoscelis obscurus, Scudd., (Mass.)
Brachylabris maratima, Dohrn, (Southern State.)
Psalidophora brunneipennis, Serv., (Pa. and Va.)

" bipnnctata Dohrn, (Mass.)

Forficula pulchella (Serv.) (Magura.)
Thrips (Limothrips) tritici, from Pack.
Thrips (Hehothrips) hiemorrhoidalis, Burm.

See Pack.

Page V, and Plates III and IV; for "J?" in ,Eca;
Plate IV, 10; for " X'/jihulium," read .\
Plate VII, 1 ; for " parvepennit," read parinjn

ERRATA:

" in Acanthus and .Edipoda, read fE.

" parvepennit,

Pago 2, line 16 ; for " lawae," read lan-ac.
Page 2, line 33; insert commas after "food" and " Indians."
Page 2, line 35; dele "which" after U. S. A.
Page 3. last line; for " Chalcididea." read Chalcididae.
Page 6, after swan ; for " Dacophorus," read Docophortm.
Pago 9 ; for "auyititifolia," read anyustifolia.

&