DICTIONARY AND NOTE BOOK Water and Game Birds O P o 1-3 • ^ cd jj c4 II 15 r i ILLUSTRATED BIRD DICTIONARY AND NOTE BOOK LAND BIRDS The companion to this volume, giving de- scriptions and accurate pen and ink illustra- tions of all the song and insectivorous birds found east of the Rocky Mountains. A blank space opposite each bird allows ample room for the student to make notes of his own ob- servations concerning any species he may see. Good Illustrations of Nearly 200 Birds Pocket size, 31-4x5 1-4 in. Bound in tough paper covers. Only 35c Postpaid ILLUSTRATED BIRD DICTIONARY AND NOTE BOOK BY CHESTER A. REED, S. B. n Author of "Bird Guide," "Birds of Eastern North America," "North American Birds' Eggs," "Flower Guide," etc. WATER BIRDS, GAME BIRDS AND BIRDS OF PREY Illustrations of More than 200 Species CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS. 1912 Copyright 1912, Chas. K. Reed, Worcester, Mass. PREFACE ^i** '710LQ9Y , F.oljo wing the well; known motto of the author, "A good illustration is worth pages of -text/ \ you :;w'tUB find that nearly all the birds mentioned in this book are shown by small but, nevertheless quite correct pen and ink drawings. These drawings 01 course do tjht, neither are they intended to compare with the colored ones used in "Bird Guide" and other books by the author, yet they do show the markings of birds as they are, as well as forms and attitudes and these features are sufficient to identify nearly all species. The student is supposed to have more complete works with colored illustrations in his library for home use, while this little volume is to be taken into the field for identification and as a handy note book. For this reason it has been so designed that it can be sold for the price of a good note book while it is hoped that the descriptive and pictorial features will make its value to the student many times that of blank pieces of paper. The numbers and technical names are those adopted by the American Orni- thologist's Union. The length of each species follows its technical name. Order PYGOPODES. Family COLYMEID^j. WESTERN GREBE; SWAN GREBE. 1. JEclimoijJiorns occidentalis. 27 m !*> '. All birds of this Family have lobate-web- bed feet, that is each toe has a distinct web. This species has a black, white and gray plumage; in summer the whole back of neck is jet black, while in winter it is gray. Note. — Loud, quavering and cackling. Nest. — Floating mass of decaying rushes. Range. — Western North America, east to Manitoba and X. D.; casual in Kans. HOLBOELL GREBE. 2. Colymbus holboslli. 19 in. In summer, cheeks and throat silvery- white; front of lower neck reddish-brown; crown and ear tufts black; white tips to some wing feathers. In winter wholly gray and white, — no black or rufous coloring. Nest. — Of decaying rushes. Range. — Breeds west from Ungava and Minn. Winters from Me., Ont. and Wash, 5 HORNED GREBE. I* 5 3< JColy'unbus auritus. 14 in. * 2 ,„: rn'.summer with a puffy black head, buffy ear tufts and reddish-brown lower neck. In winter, gray and white, — very silky-white on the neck and under parts. Considerable white on the wing. Nest. — A floating pile of decaying rushes. The half dozen eggs are bluish-white, stain- ed brownish-yellow. Range. — Breeds north from Me., Minn, and British Columbia. Winters throughout the U. S. in suitable open water. EARED GREBE. 4. Colymbus nigricollis calif ornicus. 13 in. In summer, the whole head, neck and breast black; ear tufts buffy. In winter, wholly gray above and silky-white below. Nest. — Of rushes, floating on the water. Range. — Western North America, breed- ing east to Nebr. and Manitoba. Casual in Ind .and Ontario. PIED-BILLED GREBE. «6. Podilymbus'podiceps. \Zl/2 in. General plumage brownish-gray above and solid white below. In summer with a black throat, white ring about the eyes and white bill with black band across the middle. Note. — A loud, repeated kow-kow-kow-kow. Nest. — Floating. Eggs stained deep brown- ish-yellow. Range. — Breeds locally throughout U. S. and southern Canada. 'Winters in U. S. Family GAVIID^E. Full webbed feet, short stiff tails and heavy, pointed bill. Unequaled divers. LOON; GREAT NORTHERN DIVER. 7. Garia inimer. 32 in. Adults black and white, marked as shown. In winter plain gray above and white below. Note. — A loud, quavering cry. Nest. — Near the water. Two dark brown eggs, with black spots. ,. Range. — Breeds north from Mass., Ind. and Calif. Winters in U. S. 7 BLACK-THROATED LOON. 9. Gavia arctica. 28 in. In summer black and white, marked as shown. Crown gray; throat black, with a purple gloss. In winter gray above and white below. Eyes red on all loons. Nest. — Two olive-brown eggs with a few black spots ; in hollow on the ground or on a pile of trash. Range. — Breeds along the Arctic coast. Winters casually to Long Island and Ohio. RED-THROATED LOON. 11. Gavia stdlata. 25 in. In summer gray and white, with a reddish- brown patch on the throat and gray and white streaks on the back of the neck. In winter darker above, each feather with white spots on the edges, and white below. Nest. — 'Two olive-brown eggs, with few black specks, on the ground near the water. Range. — Breeds north from New Bruns- wick and Manitoba. Winters in the U. S. Family PUFFIN; SEA PARROT. 13. Fratercula arctica arctica. 13 in. Bill very deep and compressed; yellow and red. Plumage black and white. In summer with band across breast; in winter without. Note. — A low croaking. Nest. — Single white egg in burrow or cav- ity among rocks. Range. — Coast from Me. to Ungava. Win- ters south to Mass. Large-billed Puffin (F. a.naumannl) occurs farther north. BLACK GUILLEMOT. 27. Cepphus grylle. 13 in. In summer black, with a dull green lustre. Shoulders and under wings white. In win- ter mottled gray and white. Note. — Shrill squealing whistles. Nest. — Two grayish-white eggs, blotched with brown, in crevices among the rocks. Range. — Breeds along coast from Me. to Greenland. Winters south to Cape Cod. MURRE. 30. Uria troille troille. 16 in. Above blackish with white tips to the sec- ondaries. Below white, the throat being brown in summer and white in winter. Bill 1.7 in. long while that of Brunnich Murre (U. lomvia) is 1.25 in. Note. — A hoarse, purring murre. Nest. — Single blue, white or green eggs, spotted with blackish, on ledges of cliffs. Range. — Breeds north from Newfoundland. Winters south to Me. and casually farther. RAZOR-BILLED AUK.. 32. A lea torda. 16.5 in. Blackish above, white below; white band across the wing and stripe across the bill. In summer the throat is dark brownish. Ex- cellent divers, using both feet and wings to propel them under water. Nest. — Dull white egg, spotted with black- ish, on ledges of sea cliffs. . . Range. — Breeds north from Magdalen Is. 10 GREAT AUK. 33. Plautus impennis. 29 in. Plumage black and white. Large and heavy, but with tiny wings and incapable of flight. They lived on coast and islands from Mass, northward. They were killed and their eggs taken by voyagers between the Old and New Worlds until they became extinct probably in the year 1844. Eggs. — Their single eggs are dull white, blotched with blackish and measure 5.00 x 3.00 in. in length and width. DOVEKIE; SEA DOVE." 34. Alle alle. 8 in. Black above and white below, with a few touches of white on the scapulars and white tips to the secondaries. In summer the throat is brown but in winter it is white. Nest. — They lay single pale greenish-blue eggs among crevices of sea cliffs. Range. — North Atlantic, breeding in Arctic regions; winters south to Long Island. 11 CS- Order LONGIPENNES. Family STERCORARIID^]. SKUA. 35. Megalestris skua. 22 in. Bill and feet powerful. Plumage chiefly blackish-brown with whitish quills and patch at the base of the primaries. Despoils other sea birds of their prey. Nest. — A hollow in the ground, sometimes lined with weeds and sticks. Eggs olive- brown, spotted with blackish. Range. — Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic. Winters south to Me. POMARINE JAEGER; JIDDY HAWK. 36. Stercorarius pomarinus. 21 in. Two color phases. One uniform blackish- brown with white quills and bases of pri- maries. The other whitish below and around the neck, and with a black cap. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs olive-brown, spotted with black. Range. — Breeds in Arctic regions. Win- ters off the coast south to N. J. 12 PARASITIC JAEGER (not figured). 37. Stercorarius parasiticus. 17 in. Similar to the next species but tail shorter, bill longer (1.4 in.) and the nostril nearer its tip than the base. Both species have the same range and nesting habits. LONG-TAILED JAEGER. .38. Stercorarius longicaudus. 21 in. Bill 1.15 in., the nostril midway between the tip and base. Middle tail feathers length- ened and pointed. Eggs. — Olive-brown with black spots. Range. — Breeds in Arctic regions. Winters off the coast from Me. southward. Family LARID^E. IVORY GULL. 39. Pagophila alba. 17 in. Plumage pure white. Bill and shafts of primaries yellow. Feet black. Eggs. — Grayish-buff marked with blackish. Range. — Breeds in high Arctic latitudes. Winters south rarely to Long Island. 13 KITTIWAKE. 40. Rissa tridactyla. 16 in. White with a gray mantle, black tips to the wings, yellow bill and black feet. In winter the back of head is washed with gray. Note. — A sharp keet-a-wake, keet-a-icake. Nest. — Of seaweed on rocky ledges. Eggs olive-gray, with black markings. Range. — Breeds north from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Winters south to N. J. GLAUCOUS GULL. 42. Larus hyperboreus. 28 in. Mantle light pearl-gray. Primaries white, with no black markings. Feet flesh color. Young birds lightly barred with brownish. One of the largest and most powerful gulls. Devours eggs and young of smaller birds. Nest. — Of grass and seaweed on the ground. Eggs brownish-gray with black markings. Range. — Breeds on Arctic coasts and is- lands. Winters from Greenland and the Aleutians south to Long Island and Cal. 14 ICELAND GULL. 43. Larus leucopterus. 25 in. Pale mantle and all white primaries. Just like the last species except in size. Range. — Even more boreal than the Glau- cous Gull. Winters south to Long Island. KUMLIEN GULL (not figured). 45. Larus kumlieni. 27 in. Very similar to Iceland Gull but the pri- maries are conspicuously gray with white tips. Range. — Breeds in Cumberland Sound. South in winter to Long Island. GREAT BLACK-BACKED GULL. 47. Lanis mar inns. 29 in. Largest of our gulls. Back slaty-black. White tips to primaries, secondaries and scapulars. Young mottled with dusky brown. Note. — A hoarse Jia-Jia and a sharp keouw. Nest. — Three grayish eggs, spotted with blackish and lilac. Range. — Breeds north from Nova Scotia. 15 HERRING GULL. 51. Larus argentatus. 24 in. Mantle gray. Primaries black, with white tips. In winter the head and neck are streaked with gray. Young are heavily or lightly mottled above and streaked below with dusky. The most abundant of large gulls. Notes. — Loud cackling and squawks. Nest. — A hollow on the ground, lined with weeds or seaweed. Eggs olive-gray, spotted with black. Range. — Breeds north from Me., the Great Lakes and British Columbia. Winters along the coasts of U. S. and shores of Great Lakes. RING-BILLED GULL. 54. Larus delawarensis. 18 in. Gray mantle. White tips to the black primaries. Yellow bill crossed by black line. Young birds are mottled and have a black band across the tail. Range. — Breeds north from northern N. Y., WTisc. and Ore. Winters throughout U. S. 16 LAUGHING GULL. 58. Lams atricilla. 16 in. Adults with red bill and feet, dark gray mantle, blackish head and black primaries. In winter the head is white with only a few touches of gray. Young birds have the back mixed with brownish. Notes. — Strange cackling laughter. Nest. — Of weeds or seaweed on the ground. Eggs olive-gray with black spots. Range. — Breeds locally along the coast south from Mass. Winters along the Gulf coast. FRANKLIN GULL. 59. Larns franklini. 15 in. Hood and mantle lighter than the last spe- cies. Bill red, with black tip. Primaries gray, with black ends and white tips. Under parts with a rosy tinge during summer. Nest. — On the ground in marshes. Eggs olive-gray, with blotches of blackish. Range. — Breeds north from Minn, and N. D. Winters south from the Gulf coast. 17 BONAPARTE GULL. 60. Lams Philadelphia. 14 in. In summer bill black, feet flesh-color. Out- er primary black, the others white. Young birds lack the gray hood, have some mot- tling on the back, a spot back of eye and band across the end of the tail Nest. — On the ground or low trees. Eggs olive-brown, marked with blackish. Range. — Breeds from southern Keewatin and British Columbia northward. Winters on the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf coasts. ROSS GULL. 61. Rhodostethia rosea. 13 in. Adults with no dark hood but with a nar- row black ring around the neck. Mantle pale pearl. Under parts tinged with rosy. In winter lacking the black collar and rosy coloring. Tail wedge-shaped. Range. — Polar regions south in winter to VNSX northern Alaska and Greenland, The most boreal of all birds and one of the rarest in collections. 18 SABINE GULL. 62. Xema sabini. 14 in. In summer with gray hood, black collar about the neck, pearl-gray mantle and black- ish outer primaries with white tips. In win- ter, without the hood or collar, but with gray on the ears and nape. Range. — Breeds from northern Alaska and Hudson Bay northward. Winters in Peru, migrating along both coasts and rarely in the interior. GULL-BILLED TERN. 63. Gelochelidon nilotica. 14 in. Bill and feet black, the former heavy for a tern. Crown black. Mantle pearl-gray. Tail very slightly forked. Note. — A high-pitched, reedy tee-tee-tee. Nest. — A slight depression in marsh grass or on beaches. Three olive-gray eggs with black and brown markings. Range. — Breeds on the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Wander casually to Me. and Ohio. Nearly cosmopolitan in distribution. 19 CASPIAN TERN. 64. Sterna caspia. 21 in. Largest of our terns. Bill heavy and bright orange-red. Crown and crest jet black. Mantle light pearl; primaries darker. In winter the crown is mixed with white. Nest. — Two or three buffy, spotted eggs laid in hollows in the sand. Range. — Breeds on the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts, in Ore., Lake Mich, and south- ern Labrador. Winters on the South Atlan- , Gulf and Pacific coasts. ROYAL TERN (not figured.) 65. Sterna maxima. 19 in. Like the preceding but smaller and with more slender bill and more deeply forked tail. Range. — South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. CABOT TERN. 67. Sterna sandvicensis acuftavida. 16 in. Black crown and crest. Bill black, with yellow tip. Tail forked. Mantle pale pearl. Range. — Breeds from N. Car. to Fla. and Tex. 20 FORSTER TERN. 69. Sterna forsteri. 15 in. No crest on this or any of the following terns. Bill and feet orange-red. Mantle pearl. Below pure white. Tail forked 4 in. In winter the crown is white, there is a blackish patch about the eyes and the bill and feet are blackish. Nest. — A sharp twanging ccrcA*. Range. — South Atlantic and Gulf coasts and north to 111. COMMON TERN. 70. Sterna htrmndo. 15 in. Mantle darker pearl, and pearl below. Bill and feet red, the former tipped with black. Tail forked 3 in. Note. — An energetic tee-arr. Nest. — Three or four whitish, greenish or brownish eggs, spotted with black, laid in hollows in the sand. Range. — Breeds north from N. Car. and Ohio. Winters south from Gulf States. 21 ARCTIC TERN (not figured). 71. Sterna paradis&a. \Sl/2 in. Similar to the Common Tern but with a more deeply forked tail (4.5 in.) and red bill. Range. — Breeds from Mass, and Keewatin northward. Winters in southern oceans. ROSEATE TERN. 72. Sterna dougalli. lSl/2 in. Tail forked to a depth of 5.25 in. In sum- mer with a rosy tint to the under parts. Note. — A harsh, reedy cack. Range. — Breeds locally from Me. to Long Island. Winters in the Tropics . LEAST TERN. 74. Sterna antillantin. 9 in. Bill and feet yellow. Crown black, but forehead and line over eye white. Tail slight- ly forked. In winter less black on crown. Note.— Plover-like whistles. Nest. — Three buffy-gray eggs, with a few black specks, in hollows in the sand. Range. — From Mass, and Mo. southward. 22 SOOTY TERN. 75. Sterna fuscata. 17 in. Above sooty-black. Forehead, under parts and outer tail feathers white. Crown and line through the eye black. Bill and feet black. Nest. — Single creamy-white eggs, spotted with brown, in hollows in the sand. Range. — Breeds south from Fla., La. and Tex. Strays rarely to Me. BRIDLED TERN (not figured). 76. Sterna anatheta. 15 in. Back lighter and white extending over the eye. Otherwise like the last species. Range. — Tropical seas. Cacual in Fla. BLACK TERN. 77. Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis. 10 in. In summer as shown by the lower bird; back gray. In winter as shown by the mid- dle bird. Nest. — A pile of weeds in marches. Eggs olive-brown, heavily blotched with black. Range. — Breeds north from Ohio and Cal. Migrates along both coasts and through the NODDY. 79. Anous stolidus. 15 in. Body sooty-brown. Crown silvery-white. Bill and feet black. Tail rounded. Nest. — Of sticks and grasses in mangroves or on the ground. Single buffy eggs spotted with black and brown Range. — Tropical seas. Breeds on the Fla. Keys, islands off the La. coast and the West Indies. Winters south to Brazil. BLACK SKIMMER. 80. Rynchops nizra. 18 in. • Above blackish, shading to jet black on the crown. Forehead, underparts, outer tail feathers and ends of secondaries white. Bill orange-red, the lower mandible being longer than the upper and thin like a knife blade. Note. — A hound-like baying. Nest. — Two or three creamy-white eggs spotted with black and gray. Range. — Breeds on South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Wanders casually to Me. Order TUBINARES. Family PROCELLARIID^J. FULMAR. 86. Fnlmants glacialis glacialis. 19 in. Bill short and stout; nostrils united in a tube on top. Plumage gull-like but the tail is gray, like the back. Also has a dark phase in which the plumage is uniform dark gray. Nest.— Their single white eggs are laid on bare ledges of sea cliffs. . . Range. — Breeds in Arctic regions. Win- ters south to Mass. CORY SHEARWATER. 88. PuMnus borealis. 21 in. Dark gray above, lighter on the head; white below. Bill yellowish, which easily distinguishes this species from the next at a distance. Range. — Nesting habits and breeding range unknown but supposed to be in Antarctic regions. Occurs in summer casually off the coasts of Mass., R. I. and Long Island. 25 GREATER SHEARWATER. 89. Puffinus grains. 20 in. Whole upper parts blackish. Below white, with a blackish area on the abdomen. Bill and feet black. Often congregate in num- bers about fishing boats to feed on refuse thrown to them. Note. — Harsh discordant squaks. Range. — Probably breeds in Antarctic re- gions. Spends the summer on our Atlantic coast. AUDUBON SHEARWATER. 92. Puffinus Iherminieri. 12 in. Similar in plumage to the Greater Shear- water, but smaller and with no sooty on the abdomen but dusky under tail coverts. Nest. — Single white eggs deposited at the ends of burrows dug by the birds, some is- lands being honeycombed with them. Range. — Breed on Bahama and West Indian islands in March and April, afterward wand- ering over the ocean. Casual north to Mass. 26 SOOTY SHEARWATER. "95. Puffinus griseus. 17 in. Sooty-black all over except the upper wing coverts which are almost white. Bill and feet black. They always fly near the water with alternate flappings and sailings. Before taking wing they patter along the surface for a few feet. Range. — Breeds on islands in southern oceans. Spends our summer off both the At- lantic and Pacific coasts, as far north as the Gulf of St. Lawrence and Alaska. Never found inland unless blown there by storms. STORM PETREL. 104. Thalissidroma pelagica. 5^2 in. Smaller and darker than any others of our petrels. Tail square ended. Upper coverts white, the longer ones tipped with black. Nest. — Single white eggs at the end of burrows in peaty soil. Range. — Breeds on islands of coast of •Great Britain. Casual off Newfoundland. 27 LEACH PETREL. 106. Oceanodroma leucorhoa. 8 in. Sooty-gray. Tail forked slightly. Coverts white, not tipped with black. Note. — A weak clucking. Nest. — Single white eggs, faintly dotted about the large end with brown, at end of burrow in peaty soil. Range. — Breeds on coast and islands from Me. to Greenland. Winters in tropical waters. WILSON PETREL. 109. Oceanites oceanicus. 7 in. Tail square-ended. Coverts white, not tip- ped with black. Legs quite long and webs with characteristic yellow spots. Ocean wanderers, often congregating about fishing boats or following vessels to feed upon re- fuse that is thrown overboard. Range. — Breeds on Antarctic islands dur- ing February and spends the summer months off the Atlantic coast as far north as Lab- rador. 28 Order STEGAXOPODES. Family PHAETHONTID^E. YELLOW-BILLED TROPIC-BIRD. 112. Phczthon americanus. 32 in. All four toes connected by webs. Plumage black and white as shown, the under parts and tail feathers being tinged with salmon color during summer. Food of snails or of small fish which they get by plunging. Nest. — A mass of seaweed on ledges or In rocky crevices. Single cream-colored egg almost completely covered with purplish dots. Range. — Breeds in Bermuda and the Ba- hamas. Casual in Fla. and accidental in Newfoundland. Family SULID^E. BLUE-FACED BOOBY. Plumage black and white as shown. Bill and bare face bluish. Feet reddish and web- bed between all four toes. Range. — Breeds in the West Indies. Cas- ual in Fla. 29 BOOBY. 115. Sula leucogastra. 30 in. Head and neck brown, rest of upper parts blackish. Under parts white. Young black- ish-brown all over. Bill and feet yellowish. Feet fully webbed. Nest. — One or two white eggs, covered with a chalky deposit, laid in hollows on the sand or rocks. Nesting in large colonies. Range. — Breeds in the Bahamas and West Indies. Casual on the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts and accidental north to Mass. CAN NET. 117. Sula bassana. 35 in. Largest of our boobies. Pure white, with black primaries. Young blackish, specked with white. Face and feet bluish. Note. — A harsh gor-r-r-rok (Chapman). Nest. — 'Single white eggs on piles of sea- weed on rocky ledges of sea cliffs. Range. — Breeds on islands in Gulf of St. Lawrence. Winters on the South Atlantic coast. 30 Family AXHIXGIOS3. WATER-TURKEY; SNAKE-BIRD; DARTER 118. Anhinga anhinga. 35 in. Form slender. Plumage black and white as shown. White plumes on the neck in summer. Tail long, feathers being curiously crimped. Expert divers and swimmers. Nest. — Of sticks and weeds in bushes over water. Four bluish eggs with chalky deposit. Range. — Breeds from N. Car. and southern 111. southward. Resident in southern states. Family PHALACROCORACID^3. CORMORANT. 119. Phalacrocorax carbo. 36 in. Neck and underparts glossy black. Back brownish. White plumes on neck and patch on flanks during summer. Tail short and stiff. Nest. — Of sticks and seaweed on ledges of sea cliffs. Four bluish chalk-covered eggs. Range. — Northern Hemisphere. Breeds from Nova Scotia to Greenland. Winters south to Long Island. 31 DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT. 120. Phalacrocorax auritus auritus. 30 in. In summer with a tuft of feathers above each eye. The naked throat pouch is round- ed at the base while that of the preceding species is heart-shaped. Neck and under parts greenish-black. Back brownish. Nest. — On ledges on the coast and on the ground or in trees in the interior. Three or four greenish-blue, chalky eggs. Range. — Breeds north from Me. and Minn. Winters south from N. Car. and along the Gulf coast. Florida Cormorant, which is a trifle smaller breeds from N. Car. and south- ern 111. southward. MEXICAN CORMORANT. 121. Phalacrocorax vigua mexicanus. 25 in. In summer with white plumes on sides of neck and white feathers about the pouch. Eyes green as usual with cormorants. Range. — From southern 111. and Kan. south through Mexico and the West Indies. 32 Family PBLECANID^E. WHITE PELICAN. 125. Pelecanus erythrorhynchos. 60 in. Entirely white, with black primaries. Bill, pouch and feet yellow. A thin upright pro- jection on top of the upper mandible of male birds during the breeding season. Scoops up fish while swimming but does not plunge after them from the air. Nest. — Of sticks and weeds on the ground. Two or three pure white eggs. Range. — Breeds from Utah northward. Winters from Fla. to southern Cal. BROWN PELICAN. 126. Pelecanus occidentalis. 54 in. Pouch greenish. Back of neck and under parts rich brown. Back gray. Feet of both species fully webbed. Nest. — On the ground or in low trees. Three to five pure white eggs. Range. — South Atlantic and Gulf States. Casually north to Mass and Ind. 33 Family FREGATID^E. FRIGATE BIRD; MAN-O-WAR BIRD. 128. Fregata aquila. 40 in. Male black all over, glossed with purple on the back. Female with considerable white below and young with white head and under parts. Feet fully webbed. Nest. — Of sticks in low trees or bushes. One pure white egg. . . Range. — From our southern border south- ward. Casual north to Nova Scotia. Order ANSERS. Family ANATID^E. MERGANSER. 129. Mergus americanus. 25 in. Male black and white as shown, the head being glossed with green. Female with brown head (crested) and gray back. Nos- tril half way between eye and tip of bill. Nest. — In holes of trees or on the ground. Six or more creamy-buff eggs. Range. — Breeds north from Me., Mich, and Ore. Winters throughout the U. S. 34 RED-BREASTED MERGANSER. 130. Mergus serrator. . 22 in. Male marked as shown, the head being glossed with green and crested. Breast streaked and tinged with brown. Female brownish-gray and white. Head slightly crested. Nostril nearer the eye than it is to the tip of the bill. Nest.— On the ground. Lined with down. Range. — Breeds north from Me. and Minn. Winters throughout the U. S. HOODED MERGANSER. 131. Lophodytes cucullatus. 17 in. Male black and white, with brown flanks. Flattened circular crest. Female gray and white with brownish head. Bills of all mer- gansers are cylindrical and toothed. Nest. — In holes in trees; near streams or lakes. Eggs grayish-white. Range. — Breeds locally throughout the U. S. and southern Canada. Winters in south- ern states. 35 MALLARD. 132. Anas platyrhynchos. 23 in. Male with green head, brown breast and blue speculum on the wing bordered with white. Female streaked and mottled with buff and brown but wings like those of the male. Notes. — A loud quacking. Nest. — Of down in hollows on the ground. Six to ten olive-green or buff eggs. Range. — Breeds locally from the Arctic Circle south to Md., Mo. and Cal. Winters throughout the U. S. in favorable localities. BLACK DUCK. 133. Anas rubripes. 22 in. Sexes very similar in plumage. Blackish with buffy margine to the feathers. Specu- lum blue, with little or no white edging. Note. — A loud quacking. Nest. — Six to ten buff eggs. Range. — Breeds north from Md., Wise, and Ind. Winters along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. 36 FLORIDA DUCK. 134. Anas fulvigula fulvigula. 21 in. Paler and more buffy than the preceding species, the throat being buff without any streaking Sexes very similar in plumage. Range. — Western coast of Fla. Mottled Duck (A. f. maculosa) is similar but mot- tled with black on the belly. It is resident in southern La. and Tex. GADWALL. 135. Chaulelasmus streperus, 20 in. Male barred with black and white. Specu- lum white, shoulders chestnut. Female sim- ilar but with gray shoulders and gray and white speculum. Notes. — A rapid, shrill quacking. Nest. — Of down on the ground. Seven to ten creamy-buff eggs. Range. — Cosmopolitan. In America breed- ing from southern Wise., Nebr. and Col. northward. Winters from N. Car., southern 111. and British Columbia southward. 37 EUROPEAN WIDGEON. 136. Mareca penelope. 19 in. Whole head reddish-brown except crown which is light buff. Shoulders white and specuulm green. Female with blackish spec- ulum and streaked and spotted under parts. Range. — An European species. Occurs cas- ually in eastern U. S. and Canada during winter. BALDPATE. 137. Mareca americana. 19 in. Wing coverts and top of head white. Spec- ulum and stripe on the side of the head green. Breast and flanks rich buff. Female with no green on the head, which is speckled. Note. — A clear shrill whistle. Nest. — Eight or ten buff eggs in a bed of down on the ground. Range. — Breeds north from Ind., Kans. and Ore. Winters from southern 111. and Md. southward. Casually occurs during mi- gration along the Atlantic coast north to Nova Scotia. 38 GREEN-WINGED TEAL. 139. Xettion carolinensc. 14 in. Male with brown head, green patch back of the eyes, white crescent in front of wing and green speculum. Female with similar wings but otherwise spotted and streaked with buff and brown. Note. — Shrill whistles. Nest. — Five to nine buff eggs on the ground in a down-lined hollow. Range. — Breeds northward from New Brunswick, Ont., Ill and Cal. Winters south from R. I. and Ind. BLUE-WINGED TEAL. 140. Querquedida discors. 15j^ in. Male with gray head, white crescent in front of eye and light blue shoulders. Fe- male streaked and spotted but with similar wings. Note. — Weak, rapid quacks. Nest. — Six to ten buff colored eggs. Range. — Breeds north from Me., Ind. and Ore. Winters south from Md. and 111. CINNAMON TEAL. 141. Querquedula cyanoptera. 16 in. Male mostly bright chestnut. Shoulders light blue, speculum green. Female buffy, spotted with black and brown but with wings similar to those of the male. Range. — Western. Breeds from western Kans. and British Columbia southward. Cas- ual east to N. Y. and Fla. SHOVELLER; BROAD-BILL. 142. Spatula clypeata. 20 in. Bill long and broad. Head green, should- ers light blue, speculum green and belly bright chestnut. Female streaked and spot- ted with buff and blackish but with similar wings Nest. — Of fine grasses and weeds on the ground, the hollow being lined with down. Six to ten grayish eggs. Range. — Breeds north from Ind., Mo., Tex. and Cal. Winters from Md., 111. and Wash, southward. Casual during migrations north to Newfoundland. 40 PINTAIL; SPRIGTAIL. 143. Dafila acuta. 22 in. Neck long. Central tail feathers' length- ened. Head coffee-brown. Speculum green, bordered with buff. Female streaked and spotted with buff and blackish. Note. — Low quacks. Range. — Breeds north from northern 111., la. and Cal. Winters from Del., Pa. and Wise, south to Panama. Casual north to Greenland WOOD DUCK. 144. Aix sponsa. 19 in. Male resplendent in pulmage with irides- cent reds, purples and green on head, back and wings. Breast purplish-brown with white spots. Female gray and white, with a prom- inent white patch above the eyes. Note. — Clear whistles and a sharp hoo-eeJc. Nest. — In hollow trees. Bight to fifteen buff colored eggs. Range. — Breeds locally throughout the U. S. and southern Canada. Winters in south- ern states 41 REDHEAD. 146. Marila americana. 19 in. Bill bluish, with black tip. Head bright reddish-brown. Back gray, with fine black bars. Eye yellow. Female dull grayish. Easily distinguished from the following spe- cies by the shape of the bill. Note. — Hollow croaks. Nest. — Six to twelve buffy-white eggs. Range. — Breeds north from Wise., N. Dak. and southern Cal. Winters from Mass, and 111. southward. To Labrador in migrations. CANVAS-BACK. 147. Marila valisneria. 21 in. Bill black. Eyes red. Head reddish-brown shading to black about the bill. Back much whiter than that of the Redhead Notice that the bill is high at base forming nearly a straight line with top of head. Range. — Breeds north from southern Minn, and Ore. Winters south from Md., Ill and British Columbia. Casual in Me. during fall. 42 SCAUP DUCK; BLUEBILL. 148. Marila mania. 18 in. Head with slight greenish gloss. Other- wise black and white as shown. Female similar to Redhead but with white speculum, Range. — Breeds from X. Dak. northward. Winters from Me., Ont. and Alaska south. LESSER SCAUP DUCK (not figured). 149. Marila affinis. 17 in. Very similar to the last species but head glossed with purple. Range. — Breeds north from Ind. and Wash. Winters south from X. J. and Lake Erie. Most common on fresh water, the preceding on salt. RING-NECKED DUCK. 150. Marila collaris. 17 in. Head glossed with purple. Chestnut col- lar about neck. Back wholly black. Female with white eye-ring and cheeks. Range. — Breeds north from la. and Cal. Winters south from X. J., Ill and Wash. 43 GOLDEN-EYE; WHISTLER. 151. Clangula clangula americana. 20 in. Male with green head, with round white spot in front of eye. Otherwise black and white as shown. Female with brown head and gray and white body as shown. Note. — A hoarse croak. A whistling pro- duced by the rapid motion of the wings. Nest. — Usually in hollow trees. Six to ten grayish-green eggs. Range. — Breeds north from Me., northern N. Y., Mich, and Wash. Winters through- out the U. S. where open water can be found. BARROW GOLDEN-EYE. 152. Clangula islandica. 20 in. Head blue-black, with white crescent be- fore the eye. Bill higher at the base and shorter than the last, this distinguishing females Range. — Breeds from Quebec to Ungava and from Ore. to Alaska. Winters south to northern U. S. A much rarer species than the preceding. 44 BUFLE-HEAD. 153. Charitonetta albeola. 14 in. Puffy head glossed with purple and green, and with large white patch back of eye. Rest of plumage black and white as shown. Female gray, with white spot behind eye and white speculum. Wonderful divers. Nest. — In hollow trees. Range. — Breeds from Ont, Mont, and Brit- ish Columbia northward. Winters through- out the U. S. where open water occurs. OLD-SQUAW; LONG-TAILED DUCK. 154. Harelda hyemalis. 21 in. In winter shown by the lower bird, the breast being brown. In summer shown by the flying bird. Female similar but with short tail. Note. — Loud, confused, musical gabbling. Nest. — Of down on the ground. Range. — Breeds in Arctic regions. Win- ters from Greenland, the Great Lakes and Aleutian Islands south to X. Car. and Cal. 45 HARLEQUIN DUCK. 155. Histrionicus histrionicus. 17 in. Male chiefly blue gray curiously marked with black and white. Flanks bright chest- nut. Female brownish-gray with white spot in front of and behind the eyes. Note. — A rapid whistling. Nest. — in hollow stumps or concealed among rocks. Five to eight greenish-buff eggs. Range. — Breeds north from Newfoundland and Mackenzie and in mountains to Col. and Cal. Usually along mountain streams. Win- ters in the Great Lakes and from the St. Lawrence to Maine. LABRADOR DUCK. 156. Camptorhynchus labradorius. 20 in. Black and white as shown. Female brown- ish, black spotted and with white speculum. Range. — Extinct since 1871. Formerly oc- curred on the North Atlantic coast and prob- ably bred in Labrador. 46 NORTHERN EIDER (not figured). 159. Somateria mollissima borealis. 23 in. Just like the following species except that the soft base of the bill extends on either side of the forehead in a point instead of being rounded. Range. — Breeds north from Ungava and Hudson Bay. Winters south rarely to Mass. EIDER. 160. Somateria dresseri. 23 in. Black and white as shown. Back of head tinged with sea-green and breast with buff. Female brown, with black barring. Nest. — Of down. Six to ten greenish eggs. Range. — Breeds from Me. northward. Win- ters south to Mass, and casually to Va. KING EIDER. 162. Somateria sfiectabilis. 23 in. Black and white as shown. Crown light blue. Female brown with black bars. . . Range. — Breeds in Arctic region. Win- ters south to Long Island and the Great Lakes. 47 SCOTER; SEA COOT; BUTTER-BILL. 163. Oidemia americana. 19 in. Male wholly black. Enlarged base of bill yellow. Iris brown. Female plain brownish- black, lighter below. Note. — Musical whistles. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs creamy-buff. Range. — Breeds from Newfoundland and Hudson Bay northward. Winters on the Great Lakes and Atlantic coast of the U. S. WHITE-WINGED SCOTER. 165. Oidemia deglandi. 22 in. Male wholly black but with broad white wing bars and narrow line back of eye. Fe- male blackish-brown but with wing patch. Nest. — Of down, concealed in grass on the ground. Five to eight buffy eggs. Range. — Breeds northward from Quebec and N. Dak. Winters in the Great Lakes and on both coasts of the U. S. Often con- gregates in immense flocks known to gun- ners as "rafts," floating well off shore. 48 SURF SCOTER; SKUNK-HEAD COOT. 166. Oidemia perspicillata. 20 in. Male black, with patch of white on fore- head and another on the nape. Female brownish-gray with patch of white in front of each eye. Young birds also with a patch ^ behind the eye. Nest.— A feather-lined hollow en ground. Range. — Breeds from Quebec, Keewatin and northern British Columbia northward. Winters south to Great Lakes and N. Car. RUDDY DUCK; BROAD-BILL DIPPER. 167. Erismatiira jamaicensis. 15 in. Male in full plumage bright chestnut above and on the breast. Crown black, cheeks white. Usually the back is more or less grayish. Female grayish, but showing traces of the white cheek patch. Nest. — Of grass and feathers on the ground. Eggs large and grayish. Range. — Breeds north from Me., Ont., Mich., and southern Cal. 49 LESSER SNOW GOOSE. 169. Chen hyperboreus hyperboreus. 25 in. Pure white except for the black primaries. Bill and feet reddish, the toothed sides of the former being black. Young birds are more or less mixed with gray. Note. — Sometimes "honks" but usually silent. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs pure white. GREATER SNOW GOOSE. 169a. Chen hyperboreus nivalis. 33 in. Just like the preceding except in size. Range. — Both breed in Arctic regions, the former in western parts and the latter in eastern. The former winter in Miss. Val- ley and westward, the latter on the South Atlantic Coast and west to the Miss. River. BLUE GOOSE. 169.1 Chen ccerulescens. 28 in. Slaty-blue and white as shown. Range. — Breeds probably in northern Un- gava. Winters in the lower Miss. Valley. 50 WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE. 171a. Anser albifrons gambeli. 28 in. Plumage gray, white and black as shown, the forehead being conspicuously white. Young birds are similar but lack this white. Note. — Confused, laughter-like honking. Nest. — Of feathers on the ground. Range. — Breeds in northwestern Canada and Alaska. Winters south from N. J., 111. and British Columbia. CANADA GOOSE; WILD GOOSE. 172. Branta canadensis canadensis. 38 in. Back brownish-gray. Otherwise black and white as shown. Flight performed in a char- acteristic V-shaped line. Note. — Loud honking sounding not unlike the baying of hounds. Nest. — A pile of weeds and grass, lined with feathers. Eggs buff-colored. Range. — Breeds from Ind., Col. and Ore. northward, and casually in northeastern states. Winters in the southern half of U. S. 51 BRANT. 173. Branta bernicla glaucogastra. 26 in. Back brownish-gray. Rest of plumage black and white as shown. Flight usually without regular formation. Nest. — A depression in the ground, lined with feathers. Eggs buffy. Range. — Breeds on Arctic islands. Win- ters on the Atlantic coast from Mass., south- ward. Rarely occurs in the interior. BLACK-BELLIED TREE DUCK. 177.1. Dendrocygna autumnalis. 22 in. Head and neck gray and white. Breast and back brownish. Belly black. Note.— A loud shrill whistle. Nest. — In cavities of trees. The six to fifteen eggs are pure white. Range. — Breeds in southern Texas, Mex- ico and the West Indies. 52 FULVOUS TREE DUCK. 178. Dendroc\gna bicolor. 22 in. Head, neck and under parts bright buff. Back chiefly black, with buff edges to the feathers. A black line down the back of the neck. Nest. — A feather-lined cavity in a tree. Ten to fifteen pure white eggs. As many as thirty-two have been found in one nest, prob- ably laid by two birds. Range. — Breeds south from Tex. and southern Cal. Casual in La. WHISTLING SWAN. 180. Olor columbiana. 54 in. Pure white. Bill black with yellow spot in front of eye. Nostril nearer to tip of bill than to eye, which distinguishes it from Trumpeter Swan, a more western species. Note. — Peculiar flageolet-like tones. Range. — Breeds on Arctic islands. Win- ters south from Mr. and Lake Erie. 53 Order ODONTOGLOSS^. Family PHGENICOPTERID.E. FLAMINGO. 182. Phcenicopterus ruber. 46 in. Bill distorted and box-like, black and yel- low. Plumage chiefly bright salmon-color. Primaries black. Flies with neck and legs fully extended. Nest. — A hollowed mound of mud about ten inches high. Single white, chalky egg. Range. — Breeds from the Bahamas south- ward. Casual on the Florida Keys. ROSEATE SPOONBILL. 183. A jala ajaja. 33 in. Bill very thin and broad at the end. Bald head and bill colored green and yellow. Plumage pink and white, adult birds hav- ing bright crimson shoulders. Nest. — Frail platform of sticks in bushes or low trees. Eggs greenish-blue spotted with brownish. Range. — Breeds from Ga. and the Gulf States southward. 54 Order HERODIONES. Family PLATALEID^E. WHITE IBIS. 184. Guara alba. 25 in. Pure white except for the black primaries. Bill, face and legs orange-yellow. Young birds are more or less streaked with brown. Note. — Loud harsh croaks. Nest. — Of sticks in bushes or low trees. Three or four white eggs, with brown spots. Range. — Breeds southward from S. Car., the Gulf States and Lower Cal. Casual north to 111., Vt. and other northern states. SCARLET IBIS. 185. Guara nibra. 25 in. Bright scarlet except for the black pri- maries. Bill, face and legs reddish. Young birds are more of less streaked with gray, particularly on the head and neck. Range. — Tropical South America^ Casual in the West Indies and has straggled to some of our southern states. 55 GLOSSY IBIS (not figured). 186. Plegadis autumnalis. 25 in. Like the next, which is the most common species but without the white feathers about the base of the bill. Range. — Rare and local in Fla. and La.. WHITE-FACED GLOSSY IBIS. 187. Plegadis guarauna. 24 in. Plumage rich purplish-brown. Wings and tail iridescent with greenish. Bill, face and legs reddish. White feathers about face. Nest. — Of sticks in bushes or on rushes attached to living stalks. Eggs greenish- blue. Range. — Fla., Tex. and Ore. southward. WOOD IBIS. 188. Mycteria americana. 40 in. Plumage white except black primaries and tail. Bill, naked head and legs grayish-blue. Nest. — Of sticks in bushes. Three or four white, granular eggs. Range. — South from S. Car., Mo. and south- ern Cal. Casual north to Vt. Family ARDEID^E. BITTERN. 190. Botaurus lentiginosus. 28 in. Plumage variegated with brown, yellowish- brown and black. Note. — A squawk of alarm. A hollow, choking punk-er-lunk. Nest. — -Of grasses or rushes on the ground. Three or four brownish eggs. Range. — Breeds from N. Car., Kans. and southern Cal. north to Ungava and British Columbia. Winters in southern states. LEAST BITTERN. 191. Lrobrvchus exilis. 13 in. Plumage' largely yellowish-brown and white, the back and crown of the male being black while the same regions are brown on the female. Head slightly crested. Nest. — Of rushes attached to upright stalks. Three or four bluish eggs. Range. — Breeds locally throughout the U. S. and southern Canada. Winters in south- ern states. 57 CORY LEAST BITTERN. 191.1. Ixobrychus neoxenus. 13 in. Head, neck, wing coverts and under parts bright chestnut. Back, crown, tail and bal- ance of wings black. Bill and feet yellow. Range. — The habits and range of this species are imperfectly known. They are among our rarest birds and are known to breed only in southern Ontario and Fla. They occur casually in Mass., Mich .and Wise. GREAT WHITE HERON. 192. Ardea occidentalis. 50 in. Bill, face and legs yellow. Plumage whol- ly white. Feathers of crown and breast lengthened. Nest. — A large platform of sticks in man- groves. Eggs plain greenish-blue. Range. — Region bordering the Gulf of Mex- ico from southern Fla. to Cuba and Yucatan. Casual north to the Anclote River, Fla. 58 GREAT BLUE HERON. 194. Ardea herodias herodias. 48 in. Adults with white center to the crown. Black plumes from back of head, white plumes on the back and breast. Young with no plumes and a gray and white plum- age; no black. Nest. — Of sticks in tall trees usually in swampy woods. Three or four bluish eggs. Range. — Breeds throughout the U. S. and southern Canada. Winters south from the Middle States and Ohio Valley. Ward Heron (A. h. icardi) which is lighter below and with a browner neck is found in Fla. GREAT WHITE EGRET. 196. Herodias egretta. 41 in. Bill and face yellow. Legs black, plum- age entirely white. Adults during summer with long, straight "aigrette" plumes grow- ing from the middle of the back. Range. — Breeds from N. Car. to Fla. and along the Gulf coast to Tex. 59 SNOWY EGRET. 197. Egretta cand. candidissima. 24 in. Bill and legs black. Face and toes yellow_ Plumage white. In summer with numerous recurved "aigrette" plumes from the back and others on the breast and back of the head. Nest. — Of sticks and twigs in bushes over water. In colonies or with other herons. Three or four pale greenish-blue eggs. Range. — Breeds locally from N. Car. to Fla. and along the coast to La. Casual or accidental in northern states. REDDISH EGRET. 198. Dichromanassa rufescens. 29 in. Two color phases, the gray being the most common. Head and neck reddish-brown. Rest of plumage a blue-gray. Slender straight plumes on the back and lengthened feathers of back of head, neck and breast. Other plumage wholly white. Range. — Breeds in the Gulf coast states. Casual north to 111. $0 LOUISIANA HERON. 199. Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis. 26 in. Head and neck dull purple, back slaty; throat, line down the front of the neck and under parts white. In breeding season with plumes on the back of the head. Nest. — In bushes in swamps. Three or four pale bluish-green eggs. Range. — Breeds south from X. Car. and along the Gulf coast. Casually north to Long Island and Ind. LITTLE BLUE HERON. 200. Florida carulea. 22 in. Head and neck maroon. Plumage of body deep slaty-blue. Plumes on back of head, on breast and on the back. Young birds are pure white, usually with traces of gray on the primaries. The fact that the feet as well as the legs are greenish-black distin- guishes them from Snowy Egrets. Range. — Breeds in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. Wanders casually north to New England and Ontario. 61 GREEN HERON. 201. Butorides virescens virescens. 17 in. Adults with rich maroon neck, greenish crown and crest; green wings and tail, the feathers of the former being edged with buff, and light blue-gray plumes on the back. Note. — Usually a single shrill shriek. Nest. — Of twigs in bushes or trees usually near water. Eggs pale bluish-green. Range. — Breeds throughout eastern U. S. and southern Canada. Winters south from the West Indies. BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON. 202. Nycticorax nycticorax navius. 24 in. Adults black, white and gray, as shown by the lower bird. With three slender white plumes from the back of the head. Young birds without plumes and streaked brownish- gray and white. Eyes red in adults, yellow in young birds. Note. — A harsh quark. Range. — Breeds throughout the U. S. and southern Canada. Winters in south. YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT HERON. 203. Nyctanassa violacea. 23 in. Black, white and gray as shown. Three slender white plumes on the nape and long black, gray-edged ones on the hack. Young birds are streaked brownish-gray and white. Nest. — Of sticks in trees in swamps. Three or four pale greenish-blue eggs. Range. — Breeds from S. Car. and southern 111. southward. Winters south from Fla. Order PALUDICOL^B. Family GRUID.E. WHOOPING CRANE. 204. Grus americana. 50 in. Plumage white, except the black primaries. Inner wing feathers long and flowing. Face bare and reddish. Note. — A loud whooping scream. Nest. — Of weeds on the ground in marshes. Two buff eggs spotted with brown. Range. — Breeds in Saskatchewan and Mackenzie; formerly south to 111. Winters from the Gulf States to central Mexico. 63 LITTLE BROWN CRANE (not figured). 205. Grus canadensis. 36 in. Smaller and browner than the next more common species. Range. — Breeds from Keewatin to north- ern Alaska. Winters south to Texas. SANDHILL CRANE. 206. Grus mexicana. 44 in. Plumage wholly gray, with traces of brown. Nest. — A mound of weeds on the ground. Two deep buff eggs with brown spots. Range. — Breeds in the Gulf States; for- merly north to Ontario and Saskatchewan. Family ARAMID^E. LIMPKIN; COURLAN. 207. Aramus rotifer us. 27 in. Brownish-black, streaked and spotted with white as shown. Note. — A peculiar wailing \cliee-ee-eu. Nest. — Of sticks and grass in thickets in swamps. Eggs buff, spotted with brown. Range. — Fla., north to S. Car. 64 Family RALLID^E. KING RAIL. 208. Rallns elegans. 18 in. Back handsomely patterned with black, olive-gray and brown; neck and breast cin- namon-brown; flanks sharply barred with black and white. Note. — Loud, explosive gruntings. Range. — Breeds throughout eastern U. S. Winters in the southern states. CLAPPER RAIL. 211. Rallus crepitans crepitans. 15 in Above olive-gray with little black mark- ing. Breast brown. Flanks barred with gray. Notes. — Loud and clattering Nest. — Of grasses on the ground in marshes. Six to fourteen buff eggs with brown spots. Range. — Salt marshes from southern New England to N. Car., La. Clapper Rail (R. c. saturate) occurs on coast of La.; Fla. Clap- per in Fla.; and Wayne Clapper on South Atlantic coast. VIRGINIA RAIL. 212. Rallus virginianus. 9l/> in. Brightly marked with black and olive- brown above; breast and neck bright cin- namon-brown and flanks barred with black. Colored almost like the King Rail. Note. — A guttural, rattling cut-cut-cut-e-e. Nest. — Of grasses on the ground in marshes or among rushes. Eight to twelve creamy-white eggs, specked with brown . Range. — Breeds from N. J., Mo. and Cal. northward. Winters in the southern half of the U. S. SORA RAIL; CAROLINA RAIL. 214. Porzana Carolina. &/2 in. Adults gray and olive-brown, with black face. Young birds browner and without black on the throat Note. — A rapid clucking, kuk, kuk, kuk, kuk. Nest. — Of grass on the ground in marshes. Eggs deep buff, spotted with brown. Range. — Breeds north from N. J., Mo. and Cal. 66 YELLOW RAIL. 215. Coturnicops noi'cboracensis. 7 in. Barred with blackish-brown and white above. Sides of head and breast yellowish- buff. Flanks barred with black and white. Note. — Loud clicking sounds. Nest. — Of rushes and grass on the ground. Six to twelve rich buff eggs with a few specks of reddish-brown. Range. — Breeds northward from Me. and Minn. Winters in the Gulf States and some- times in Cal. Very secretive in habits. BLACK RAIL. 216. Creciscus jamaicensis. 5 in. Slate-colored, the feathers on the back be- ing edged with white and the flanks barred with black and white. Back of neck brown. Note. — Rapid clicking sounds. Nest.— Of grasses on the ground in marshy places. Eggs white, with brown dots. Range. — Breeds locally throughout eastern U. S. Secretive and difficult to find. 67 PURPLE GALLINULE. 218. lonornis martinicus. 13 in. Bill short stout, red and yellow, extending on the forehead in the form of a scaly shield. Head, neck and under parts purplish, back greenish and under tail coverts white. Nest. — Woven of grasses and rushes, either on the ground or in rushes close to it. Their five to ten eggs are cream color, with red- dish-brown spots. Range. — Breeds south from S..Car., Tenn. and Tex. Casually north in summer to Nova Scotia and Ontario. FLORIDA GALLINULE; MUD HEN. 219. Gallinula galeata. 13 in. Bill and crown plate red, tipped with yel- low. Legs greenish, with a red ring about the top. Plumage gray and white. Nest. — On the ground or attached to rushes above water. Eggs cream color, spotted. Range. — Breeds locally through the U. S. and in Ontario. Winters in southern states. 68 COOT; MUD HEN. 221. Fulica americana. 15 in. Bill and frontal shield white, the former with a black band across the middle. Toes with lobed webs. Plumage gray, blackening on the neck and head. Excellent swimmers. Nest. — Of grass and rushes on the ground or close to it. Eggs grayish-buff, with many black dots. Range. — Breeds from southern Canada south to N. J., and Tex. Winters in the southern half of the U. S. Order LIMICOL^J. Family PHALAROPODID^3. RED PHALAROPE. 222. Phalaropus fulicarius. 8 in. Toes with lobed webs. Adults with black crown, white cheeks and bright rufous under parts, the female being the handsomer. Young birds largely white, with gray back. Range. — Breeds in Arctic regions. Migrates along both coasts of U. S. 69 NORTHERN PHALAROPE. 223. Lobipes lobatus. 7l/> in. Feet lobate-webbed. Adults chiefly gray above, blackening on the top of the head; neck and sides of head chestnut. In winter the plumage is chiefly gray above and white below. Female larger and brightest colored. Nest. — A grass-lined hollow on the ground. Range. — Breeds in northern Canada and Alaska. Migrates throughout the 17. S. to winter home in southern oceans. WILSON PHALAROPE. 224. Steganopus tricolor. 9 in. Gray and white, with a black stripe through the eye, broadening into rich brown on the sides of the neck. In winter plain gray and white. Toes lobed. Bill slender. Nest. — Of grass on the ground. Four deep buff eggs blotched with black. Range. — Breeds in western North America, east to Alberta and the Miss. River. Casual in Atlantic coast states. 70 AVOCET; BLUE-STOCKING. 225. Recurvirostra americana. 17 in. Adults black and white as shown, the head and neck being more or less tinged with deep buff. In winter with no buff. Legs blue; foot webbed. Bill curved upward. Nest. — Of grass on the ground. Four brownish-buff eggs blotched with black. Range. — Breeds in western North America, east to Miss. River and Manitoba. Casual on the Atlantic coast. Winters southward from our southwestern border. BLACK-NECKED STILT. 226. Himantopus mexicanus. 15 in. Legs red and exceedingly long. Plumage white and glossy black as shown. In winter with the back brownish-gray. Nest. — A hollow on the ground, sometimes lined with grass. Eggs greenish-buff, blotch- ed with black. Range. — Breeds from Col. and Ore. south to La. and southern Cal. and in Fla 71 Family SCOLOPACID^E. WOODCOCK. 228. Philohela minor. 11 in. Bill long and heavy. Legs short. Eye large and near back of head. Plumage varie- gated with browns, gray and black. Below rich buff. Note. — Low peeps and twitterings, and a whistling made by the wings during flight. Nest. — Four buff eggs, with brown spots, laid among leaves in thickets or woods. Range. — Breeds in most of eastern U. S. and southern Canada. Winters in the south- ern states and north to N. J. and Mo. WILSON SNIPE. 230. Gallinago delicata. 11 in. Bill quite slender Not as stockily built as the Woodcock. Handsomely marked with black, brown, gray and white; streaked and barred below with black. Note. — Sharp whistles as they fly. Range. — Breeds in Canada and northern U. S. Winters chiefly in southern U. S. DOWITCHER. 231. Macrorhamphus griseus griseus. \Ql/2 in. In summer black and buffy-brown above; bright rufous below barred on the flanks and specked on the breast. In winter gray and white. Bill long and slender. Nest. — A hollow on the ground. Eggs greenish-buff with black spots. Range. — Breeds in Ungava and winters in Brazil. Long-billed Dowitcher breeds in Alaska and northwestern Canada and win- ters south from Fla. and Tex. STILT SANDPIPER. 233. Micropalama himantopus. 8^/2 in. In summer with chestnut ear coverts and much brown on crown and back; below heav- ily barred with black. In winter gray above and white below with some streaking. Bill slender and only moderately long. Legs rather long for the size of the bird. Range. — Breeds in interior or northern Canada. Winters in South America. 73 KNOT; GRAY-BACK. 234. Tringa canutus. W*/2 in. In summer mottled gray and buff above. Under parts rufous without markings. In winter gray and white above and white be- low. Bill moderately stout. Note. — Whistles not unlike those of sev- eral species of sandpipers. Range. — Breeds within the Arctic Circle. Winters from the South Atlantic States south to Patagonia. Rare in the interior. PURPLE SANDPIPER. 235. Arquatella maritima maritima. 9 in. In summer upper parts blackish, margined with buff. Breast and sides purplish-slate. In winter similar but without the buff edges to the feathers. Frequents bold, shores. Note.— A loud shrill whistle. Nest. — A hollow on the ground. Eggs gray, handsomely marked with brown. Range. — Breeds in Arctic regions. Win- ters south to Long Island. 74 PECTORAL SANDPIPER; GRASS SNIPE. 239. Pisobia maculata. 9 in. Above mixed blackish and reddish-brown. Below white, the breast being washed with buff and streaked with dusky. Frequents wet meadows as well as shores of ponds. Note. — Clear whistles. Nest. — On the ground as usual. Range. — Breeds on the Arctic coast west of Hudson Bay. Winters in South America. Common during migration in the interior and on the Atlantic coast. WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER. 240. Pisobia fuscicollis. 7l/2 in. Gray, black and brown above. Rump white. Below white, with streaks on the breast. Nest. — On the ground in grass. Eggs gray, blotched with brown. Range. — Breeds along the Arctic coast from Greenland to Alaska. Winters in south- ern South America. Abundant in Miss. Val- ley during migrations. Less so on the At- lantic coast. 75 BAIRD SANDPIPER. 241. Pisobia bairdi. 7*/2 in. Grayer than the White-rump ed Sandpiper and with blackish rump and less prominently streaked on the breast. Nest. — Nesting and eggs not greatly differ- ent from those of other sandpipers. Range. — Breeds along the Arctic coast from Hudson Bay to Alaska. Migrates chief- ly through the interior and less commonly on the Atlantic coast to the winter home in Patagonia. LEAST SANDPIPER; PEEPS. 242. Pisobia minutilla. 6 in. Above mixed with black, gray and reddish- brown. Breast streaked with blackish. Toes with no webbing between their bases. Note. — A musical whistle, peet-weet. Nest. — Grass-lined hollows on the ground. Three or four gray eggs, spotted with brown. Range. — Breeds throughout Canada. Win- ters from the Gulf States southward. Abund- ant on both coasts and in the interior. RED-BACKED SANDPIPER; DUNLIN. 243. Pelidna alpina sakhalina. 8 in. In summer with bright reddish-brown back and black patch on the belly. Head and breast finely streaked. In winter gray and white with no conspicuous marking or color. Bill rather stout. Nest. — On the ground. Three or four grayish eggs, heavily spotted with brown. Range. — Breeds along our Arctic coast. Winters in the southern half of U. S. CURLEW SANDPIPER (not figured). 244. Erolia ferniginea. 7*/2 in. An European species casually occurring on the Atlantic coast. Bill slightly decurved. SEMIPALMATED SANDPIPER. 246. Ereunetes pusillus. 6l/4 in. Toes with small web between their bases. Grayer than the Least Sandpiper and with fewer streaks on the breast. Range. — Breeds along our Arctic coast. Winters south from our southern states. SANDERLING; BEACH BIRD. 248. Calidris leucophaa. 8 in. In summer with the head, neck and back washed with rusty; breast with black specks. In winter gray and white, one of the whitest of our sandpipers. Bill and legs rather stout. Note. — Clear musical whistles. Range. — Breeds along the Arctic coasts of both hemispheres. Winters southward from Va., the Gulf States and central Cal. MARBLED GODWIT. 249. Limosa fedoa. 19 in. One of the largest of the shore birds. In summer mixed black and bright reddish- brown above and heavily barred with black below. In winter with little or no brown and less barring. Bill slender and recurved. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs greenish-buff heavily blotched with blackish-brown. Range. — Breeds from N. Dak. to Saskatche- wan. Winters in southern states. Occurs on both coasts. 78 HUDSONIAN GODWIT; MARLIN. 251. Limosa hceinastica. 15 in. In summer blackish above with rusty edges to the feather. Chestnut below, barred with black. In winter gray above and whit- ish below. Bill slender; slightly recurved. Nest. — A grass-lined hollow on the ground. Eggs buff, blotched with black. Range. — Breeds from Keewatin to Alaska. Winters in Patagonia. Most abundant on the Atlantic coast in fall and in the Miss. Valley in spring. GREATER or WINTER YELLOW-LEGS. 254. Totanus melonoleucus. 14 in. Black and grayish-brown above. White below, with V-shaped bars in summer and streaks in winter. Long yellow legs. Note. — Loud three-syllabled whistles. Nest. — On the ground, the three or four eggs grayish, heavily blotched with black. Range. — Breeds in northern Canada. Win- ters south from our southern states. 79 cm. YELLOW-LEGS; SUMMER YELLOW-LEGS 255. Totanus Uavipes. \Qy2 in. Differs but little from the preceding spe- cies except in size. Grayer and with less black in winter than in summer. Note. — Loud, shrill whistles. Range. — Breeds in the northern half of Canada. Winters in southern South America and casually in some of our southern states. Migrates through interior and on coasts. SOLITARY SANDPIPER. 256. Helodromas solit. solitarius. &/2 in. Above olive-gray streaked on the head and specked on the back with white. Breast and sides streaked with gray. Nest. — Three or four greenish-gray eggs, spotted with black, laid in old nests of other birds in trees or bushes near water. Range. — Breeds in northern U. S. and southern Canada. Local and not abundant during summer. Occurs only about fresh water ponds or streams. 80 WILLET. 258. Catoptrophorus s. semipalmatus. 16 in Plumage gray and white, more or less streaked and barred with black during sum- mer. Bases of primaries and ends of second- aries white. Bill long. Feet with slight webs. Note. — A loud whistle, pill-iciU-iciUet. Nest. — A hollow in sandy ground. Eggs buff, blotched with brown. Range. — Breeds from Va. to Fla. Wanders north to New England. Western Willet breeds south from la., and Cal. UPLAND PLOVER; BARTRAMIAN SAND- PIPER. 261. Bartramia longicanda. 12 in. Bill short. Tail long. Mottled with black and brown above, and specked with black on breast and sides. Note.— Clear flute-like whistles. Nest.— Of grass on the ground. Eggs buff, spotted with black. Range. — Breeds locally throughout the U. .S. Winters in southern South America. BUFF-BREASTED SANDPIPER. 262. Tryngites subruficollis. 8 in. Above black and tawny. Below buff with a few black specks on the sides of the breast. Crown mottled with black and buff. Primar- ies with peculiar black and white speckling on the inner webs. Bill short and slender. Range. — Breeds along the Arctic coast west of Hudson Bay. Winters in southern South America, migration chiefly through the interior of the U. S. SPOTTED SANDPIPER; TIP-UP. 263. Actitis macularia. 7l/2 in. Olive-gray above and white below, adults in summer having the breast and sides bold- ly spotted with blackish. Almost constantly teeters its body when standing. Note. — A clear peet-weet. Nest. — Of grass on the ground. Eggs buff, with black blotches. Range. — Breeds throughout the U. S. and Canada. Winters from the southern states southward. 82 LONG-BILLED CURLEW; SICKLE-BILL. 264. Numenius aniericanns. 23 in. Bill very long and decurved. Black and brown above. Buff below with a few streaks on the throat and breast. So easily decoyed and shot that they are becoming scarce. Note. — A flute-like ker-loo. Nest. — Of grass on the ground. Three or four greenish-buff eggs spotted with brown. Range. — Breeds from Manitoba and Brit- ish Columbia south to Texas. Winters from Fla., Tex. and Cal. southward. Irregular on the Atlantic coast north to Me. HUDSONIAN CURLEW. 265. Xumenius hudsonicus. 17 in. Crown solid blackish-brown with a cen- tral line of whitish. Above brownish-black and buff. Bill decurved. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs buff, with blackish spots. Range. — Breeds on the Arctic coast. Mi- grates along both coasts to northern South America. 83 ESKIMO CURLEW. 266. Numenius borealis. 13 in. Bill short and little decurved. Crown mix- ed brown and white without the two solid lateral stripes as on the Hudsonian Curlew. Range. — Breeds in northern Mackenzie. Migrates in fall off the Atlantic coast to southern South America and returns in spring by way of the Miss. Valley Now nearly extinct. Family CHARADRIID^]. BLACK-BILLED PLOVER; BEETLE-HEAD 270. Squatarola squatarola. 11.5 in. In summer black and white as shown by the lower bird. Young birds without black underneath and spotted with yellowish- white on the back. Feathers under the wing black. A tiny hind toe. Note. — A plaintive whistle ter-lee. Range. — Breeds along the Arctic coasts of both hemispheres. Migrates throughout the U. S. and winters south from N. Car. and La. 84 GOLDEN PLOVER. 272. Charadrius domin. dominicus. \Ql/2 in. In summer back spotted with yellow and under parts wholly black. In winter much duller above and grayish-white below. Bill smaller than that of the preceding species. Feathers under the wing gray. No hind toe. Range. — Breeds along the Arctic coast. Winters in Patagonia migrating south across the Atlantic from Nova Scotia and north through the Miss. Valley. Not as abundant as formerly. KILLDEER. 273. Oxyechus vociferus. 10 in. Rump and base of tail reddish-brown. Back brownish-black. Breast crossed by two black bands. Note. — Loud, harsh, kill-dee. Nest. — Four greenish-buff, heavily blotch- ed eggs laid in hollows on the ground. Range. — Breeds throughout the U. S. and southern Canada; locally in New England. Winters in the southern half of the U. S. SEMIPALMATED PLOVER; RING-NECK. 274. Aegialitis semipalmata. 7 in. Feet with three toes with small webs be- tween their bases. Plumage buack and gray as shown by the upper bird. Note. — A clear piping whistle. Nest. — On the ground. Three or four buff eggs with a few specks of blackish. Range. — Breeds from northern Canada and Alaska south to the St. Lawrence. PIPING PLOyER. 277. Aegialitis meloda. 7 in. Very pale ashy-gray, white and black as shown by the lower bird. Legs and base of bill orange. Note. — A clear melodious double whistle. Nest. — Four buff eggs, with a few black specks, laid in hollows on the sand. Range. — Breeds locally from Nova Scotia, Ontario and Saskatchewan south to Va. and Ind. Winters on the South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. 86 SNOWY PLOVER. 278. Aegialitis nivosa. 6l/2 in. Very pale ashy-gray, white and black as shown by the upper bird. Bill more slender than that of the Piping Plover and wholly black. Very active and fleet of foot. Note. — Plaintive, piping whistles. Nest. — A hollow in the sand. Four clay- colored eggs with a few black specks. Range. — Western U. S., breeding east to Kans. and southern Tex. Casual in Fla. and La. WILSON PLOVER. 280. Octhodromus wilsonius. 7.5 in. Bill large compared to the preceding spe- cies, and entirely black. Brownish-gray and white, with a broad band of black across the breast and a patch on the crown. Note. — A rapid chirping. Nest. — On the sand. Eggs grayish, speck- ed and scratched with black. Range. — South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. MOUNTAIN PLOVER. 281. Podasocys montanus. 9 in. Grayish-brown and buffy white with black band on crown but none on breast or sides. Frequents prairies not necessarily in the vicinity of water. Note. — Low musical whistles. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs brownish- gray, blotched with blackish. Range. — Breeds from Nebr. and Mont, south to Tex. and N. Mex. Accidental in Fla. Family APHRIZID^E3. RUDDY TURNSTONE. 283a. Arenaria interpres morinella. 9l/2 in. Adults with the back and wings yellowish- brown mixed with black. Otherwise black and white as shown. Young with no bright rufous and little black. Legs bright orange. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs gray, beauti- fully marbled with lilac and brown. Range. — Breeds on the Arctic coast. Win- ters from Va., La. and Cal. southward. 88 Family H^EMATOPODID^E. OYSTER-CATCHER. 286. Hcrntatopus palliatus. 19 in. Bill long, heavy and compressed. Bill and legs bright red. Plumage blackish and white as shown by the upper bird. Nest. — A depression in the sand. Two or three buff eggs, spotted with blackish. Range. — From Va. to Fla. and along the Gulf coast to Tex. Winters in South Amer- ica. Casually north to New Brunswick. Family JACANID^J. MEXICAN JACANA. 288. Jacana spinosa. 8 in. Bill and leaf-like scaly shield at its base, yellow. Wings with a spur at the joint. Legs long, toes long and nails very long. Black and chestnut with yellowish on wings. Nest. — Of weeds on floating refuse or lily pads. Eggs olive, with black tracings. Range. — Rio Grande Valley, southern Tex. and southern Fla. southward. 89 cs, Order GALLING. Family ODONTOPHORID^E. BOB-WHITE; QUAIL. 289. Colinus virg. virginianus. 10 in. Mottled with brown and buff and barred and streaked with black. Male with white throat and line over the eye. Female with these areas buff. Note. — A clearly whistled bob-white. Nest. — Of grass in tall grass or weeds. Eggs white. Range. — Resident from southern Me., On- tario and Minn, southward. Florida Bob- white, which is much darker, occurs in Fla. and southern Ga. SCALED QUAIL. 293. Callipepla squamata squamata. 10 in. Blue-gray and whitish ; feathers with dusky edges giving a scaly effect. A buff crest. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs white finely specked with reddish-brown. Range. — Westward from central Tex. 90 GAMBEL QUAIL. 295. Lophortyx gambeli. 10 in. Blue-gray, with chestnut crown and flanks, black throat, face, forehead and crest of re- curved feathers. Female duller colored and with no black on the head. Nest. — On the ground. Eight or ten whitish eggs with reddish-brown spots. Range. — Southwestern states east to cen- tral Texas. MEARN QUAIL; MASSENA QUAIL. 296. Cyrtonyx mont. montezumce. 9 in. Male most oddly marked with black, white and gray. Flat buffy crest. Female brown and buff, with white spots on the sides and black bars on the back. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs pure white. Range. — Arid Upper Sonoran and Transi- tion zones from central Ariz and N. Mex. east to central Tex. and south to middle Mexico. 91 Family TETRAONID^E. DUSKY GROUSE. 297. Dendragapus obscurus obscurus. 20 in. Plumage blue-gray marked with black and white as shown by the upper picture. Tail blackish with a terminal band of gray. Legs feathered to the toes, which is a character- istic of grouse. Nest. — Of leaves on the ground. Six to twelve buff eggs, spotted with brown. Range. — Rocky Mountains from Col. south to central N. Mex. CANADA SPRUCE PARTRIDGE. 298c. Canachites canadensis canace. 15 in. Male gray, black and white as shown by the lower bird. Female brown and white, barred with black. Note. — A drumming by the male and cluck- ing by the female. Range. — Northern New England, N. Y., Wise, and Minn, and southern Canada. Hud- sonian Spruce Partridge found farther north. 92 RUFFED GROUSE. 300. Bonasa umbellus umbellus. 17 in. Plumage gray, black and white or reddish- brown, black and white. Tail with a sub- terminal band of black and terminal one of white. Handsome juffs from each side of the neck. Nest. — On the ground among leaves. Eggs "buffy, without markings. Range. — Resident from Mass, and N. Y. southward. Canadian Ruffed Grouse from northern U. S. northward. WILLOW PTARMIGAN. 301. Lagopus lagopus lagopus. 15 in. In winter pure white except black tail feathers. In summer largely reddish-brown, barred with black and mixed with white. Eggs. — Buff, very heavily blotched. Range. — Arctic regions south in winter to Quebec and Minn, and casually Mass, and X. Y. Allen Ptarmigan occurs in Newfound- land. ROCK PTARMIGAN. 302. La go pus rupcstris rupestris. 14 in. In winter, white with black tail and black spot in front of the eyes. In summer brown- ish-gray and white, barred with black. Range. — From southern Ungava and Mack- enzie northward. Welch Ptarmigan (L. welcU) found in Newfoundland is still grayer in summer. White-tailed Ptarmigan (L. leu- curus) found in the Rocky Mountains is pure white including the tail. PRAIRIE SHARP-TAILED GROUSE. 308b. Pedioecetes phasianellus campestris. Grayish-brown and buff, marked with black and white as shown. Middle tail feathers lengthened. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs brownish, finely specked all over with dark brown. Range. — Manitoba south to Kans. and northern 111. Sharp-tailed Grouse, slightly larger, occur from Ungava west to British Columbia. 94 PRAIRIE CHICKEN; PINNATED GROUSE. 305. Tympanuchus am. americanus. 18 in. Brownish above, buffy white below, evenly barred with black. Tufts of long, square- ended black feathers on either side of the neck. Female similar but with shorter neck tufts. Note. — A resonant booming by the male. Nest. — A hollow on the ground. Eggs olive-buff, finely specked with brown. Range. — Manitoba south to Tex. and east to Ind. Rare in much of its range. HEATH HEN. 306. Tympanuchus cupido. 17 in. Very similar to the Prairie Chicken but with the neck tufts acutely pointed and the crown browner. Range. — Island of Martha's Vineyard, Mass. LESSER PRAIRIE CHICKEN (not figured). 307. Tympanuchus pallidicinctus. 16 in. Bars above paler and narrower and with black edges. Occurs on Great Plains from Kans. south to Tex. 95 SAGE HEN. 309. Cenirocercus urophasianus. 29 in. Pale brownish above and buffy below marked with black as shown. Tail feathers stiff, pointed and graduated. Male with stiff wiry neck bristles during summer. Female smaller and less conspicuously marked. Eggs. — Greenish-buff with few brown spots. Range. — Sagebrush plains from Saskatche- wan and British Columbia south to Dak. Family MELEAGRID^E. WILD TURKEY. 310a. Meleagris gallopavo silvestris. 48 in. Head and neck bare, redaish with light blue wattles. Plumage greenish, with a bronze lustre. Tail brownish crossed by narrow wavy black bands. Note. — A gobbling. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs buff, spotted with brown. Range. — From Pa. and Kans. south to the Gulf coast. Formerly north to Me. and Minn. 96 RING-NECKED PHEASANT. ***. Phasianus torquatus. 36 in. Male with green head, bare red face, white ring about neck and body plumage of brown, rich buff, greenish-gray and black. Tail very long. Female brownish-buff, spotted with black. Nest. — On the ground. Eggs drab color. Range. — Introduced and flourishing in many eastern states, particularly in New England. Also abundant in Wash, and Ore. Family CRACID^E. CHACHALACA. 311. Ortalis veiula mccalli. 21 in. Bare chin and sides of head orange. Head slightly crested. Tail long and very broad. Above olive-brown, below gray and buff. Note. — Loud, clacking cha-cha-lac, Nset. — Frail, of sticks in bushes. Four or white eggs with rough surface. Range. — Lower Rio Grande Valley in south- ern Tex., south through Mexico. 97 Order COLUMBJE. Family COLUMBIM3. PASSENGER PIGEON; WILD PIGEON. 31o. nctopistes migratorius. 16 in. Above bluish-slate. Below rusty-brown. Tail long and graduated, the outer feath- ers largely white. Iridescent on sides of neck. No black on head. Female browner above and paler below. Nest. — A few sticks.and twigs high in trees. One or two pure white eggs. Range. — Formerly bred in northern half of eastern U. S. and southern Canada. Now nearly if not quite extirpated. MOURNING DOVE. 316. Zenaidura macroura macroura. 12 in. Olive-brown above and huffy-gray below. Sides of neck iridescent. Black spot always on the sides of the head. Long tail with white tips to outer feathers. Nest. — Frail, of twigs and weeds. In bushes, trees or on the ground. Two white eggs. Range. — Breeds throughout U. S. and southern Canada. 98 WHITE-WINGED DOVE. 319. Melopelia asiatica. 12 in. Olive-brown above, pinkish-brown . below. Tail short, square-ended, black, with gray terminal band. White on wing and b&cfc spot on sides of head. Note.— Cooing and crowing sounds. Nest. — In bushes or on the ground. Range.— Southern Fla., Tex., N. Mex. and Ariz, southward. GROUND DOVE. 320. Chamepelia pass, terrestris. 6^. in. Tail short and square-ended. Above gray- ish-brown Forehead and under parts pink- ish-brown. Feathers on back with black centers. Note. — A mournful cooing. Nest. — Of twigs and pine needles. In bushes or thickets. Two white eggs. Range.— South Atlantic and Gulf States. Mexico Ground Dove occurs from middle Tex. and Ariz, southward. 99 Order RAPTORBS. Family CATHARTID^E. • ^TURKEY VULTURE; BUZZARD. 3251. ^Cathartes aura septentrionalis. 30 in. Head1 "naked and bright red. Plumage blasltiGh-tu'own with lighter edges to feath- ers on the back and wings. Valuable scav- angers. Note. — A croak. Generally silent. Nest. — In hollow trees or on the ground. Two white eggs with brown blotches. Range.— Southern N. Y., Ontario, Minn, and British Columbia southward. Casual north to New Brunswick. BLACK VULTURE. 326. Catharista urubu. 24 in. Naked head black; tip of bill yellowish. Entire plumage black except the under wing coverts which are white. Shorter winged and heavier than the preceding species. Nest. — Two white eggs, handsomely blotch- ed with brown. Laid on the ground. Range. — Southern Va., 111. and western Tex. southward. Casual north to Me. and Ohio. 100 Family BUTEONID^E. SWALLOW-TAILED KITE. 5 • TV 327. Elanoides forficatus. 24 in. Tail long and deeply forked. Hea^ i*nd under parts pure white. Back, Ving8'fl$nd tail glossy greenish-blue. Feet small. Note. — A shrilly whistled peet-peet. Nest. — Of sticks and moss in the tops of tall trees. Three or four white eggs, blotched with brown. Range. — Breeds south from S. Car., south- ern Ind. and Minn. Casual north to New England. WHITE-TAILED KITE. 328. Elanns leucurus. 16 in. Head, under parts and tail white. Back and wings light gray, shoulders black. Nest. — Of sticks, weeds and leaves in tall trees. Eggs creamy, profusely blotched with brown. Range. — Breeds southward from S. Car. and Fla. and from Tex. and Cal. Casual north to 111. and Ind. 101 MISSISSIPPI KITE. 329. 'Ictinia mississippiensis. 14 in. Plead and under parts gray. Back, wings a?id- tail 'brownish-black. Black spot in front o?,tbre eye. Note. — Shrill whistles or screams. Nest. — Of sticks and weeds high in trees. Eggs bluish-white, usually unmarked but oc- casionally with a few brownish specks. Range. — Breeds southward from S. Car., southern Ind. and Kans. Winters in Fla. and Tex. and southward. EVERGLADE KITE. 330. Rostrhamus sociabilis. 15 in. Head and under parts blackish. Back and wings slate color. Base of tail white. Bill long, slender, very hooked but not notched. Lives chiefly upon a certain species of snail. Nest. — Of twigs, leaves, weeds and rushes in bushes over water. Eggs pale greenish- white, blotched with brown. Range. — Southern Fla. southward. 102 MARSH HAWK. 331. Circus hudsonius. 19 in. Light blue-gray above. White below bar- red and streaked with reddish-brown. Rump white. Female and young, dark brown above and buffy-brown below, streaked on the breast and sides with brown. Nest. — Of grasses on the ground in mead- ows or marshes. Eggs plain bluish-white. Range. — Breeds throughout the U. S. and most of Canada and Alaska. SHARP-SHINNED HAWK. 332. Accipiter "celox. 12 in. Slaty-gray above. Whitish below, with bars of reddish-brown. Tail crossed by black bars. Young birds are brownish above and white below, streaked with brown. Tail square-ended. Nest. — Of sticks in trees; usually not high. Eggs white, profusely blotched with brown. Range. — Breeds throughout the U. S., Can- ada and most of Alaska. Winters in most of the U. S. 103 COOPER HAWK. 333. Accipiter cooperi. 16 in. Slaty-gray above shading to black on the crown. Below white, with brown bars. Tail rounded at the end. Young birds brown above and white, streaked with brown below. Note.— Shrill whistles. Nest. — Of sticks in trees. Often uses crow nests. Eggs bluish-white, usually unmarked. Range. — Breeds throughout the U. S. and southern Canada. Winters in southern U. S. GOSHAWK. 334. Astur atricapillus atricapillus. 23 in. Slaty-gray above. Under parts and line over eye white, barred with gray. Young brown above and white, streaked with brown below. Tail long and banded with blackish. Nest. — Of sticks in tall trees. Eggs white. Range. — 'Breeds throughout Canada and south to N. T. and Mich, and in mountains to Pa. Winters throughout the northern half of U. S. 104 HARRIS HAWK. 335. Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi. 20 in. Blackish-brown all over, except the red- dish-brown shoulders and thighs. Face bare and orange. Sluggish and buzzard-like in habits. Range. — La. and Tex. to Cal. and south- ward. RED-TAILED HAWK. 337. Buteo borealis borealis. 21 in. Above blackish-brown. Below white or buffy, streaked on sides and belly with black- ish. Tail bright reddish-brown with (male) a narrow subterminal black band. Young with brownish-gray tail crossed by black bands. Note. — Shrill whistles or screams. Nest. — Of sticks in high trees. Eggs white, blotched with brown and black. Range. — Breeds throughout eastern U. S. and southern Canada. Krider Red-tail occurs in the Great Plains region and Harlan Red- tail in the Gulf States. 105 RED-SHOULDERED HAWK. 339. Buteo lineatus lineatus. 19 in. Brown above. Below buff, barred with reddish-brown. Wings and tail blackish, barred with white. Young brown above and whitish below, streaked with blackish. Shoulders more or less bright reddish-brown. Nest. — Of sticks and weeds. Three or four white eggs, blotched with brown. Range. — Breeds throughout eastern U. S. and southern Canada. Florida Red-should- ered Hawk occurs in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. SWAINSON HAWK. 342. Buteo swainsoni. 20 in. Very variable in plumage. Sometimes wholly blackish-brown. Again brown above and buffy below with reddish-brown band across the breast. Young streaked with brown below. Nest. — Of sticks in trees or on the ground. Range. — Breeds from Manitoba and British Columbia southward. 106 BROAD-WINGED HAWK. 343. Buteo platypterus. 16 in. Blackish-brown above. White below, barred with white. Young birds streaked be- low with blackish-brown. Note.— A shrill, wailing whistle. Nest. — Of sticks lined with bark. Eggs white, blotched with gray and brown. Range. — Breeds from New Brunswick, On- tario and Manitoba south to the Gulf. Win- ters in southern U. S. ROUGH-LEGGED HAWK. 347 a. Archibuteo lagopus s.-johannis. 22 in. Legs feathered to the toes. Back black- ish. Head and breast white, streaked with black. Belly black. Nest. — Of sticks on ledges or in trees. Eggs white, splashed with brown Range. — Breeds throughout Canada and Alaska. Winters locally throughout U. S. 107 FERRUGINEOUS ROUGH-LEG. 348. Archlbuteo ferrugineus. 23 in. Head, tail and under parts white, the form- er streaked with black. Wings and back with much reddish-brown. Sides and thighs barred with black. Nest. — On the ground, on ledges or in trees. Eggs white, splashed with brown . Range. — 'Western North America, breed- ing east to Manitoba, Minn, and Kans. GOLDEN EAGLE. 349. Aquila chrysatos. 35 in. Plumage dark brown, the feathers on nape and base of tail lightening and turning yel- lowish as the bird grows older. Feathered to the toes. Note. — A shrill scream. Nest. — Of sticks on cliffs, bluffs, or in trees. Eggs whitish, spotted with brown. Range. — Breeds in southern Canada and northern U. S. Less common east of the Mississippi. South in mountains to N. Car. and Mexico. 108 Family FALCONHX®. WHITE GYRFALCON. 353. Falco islandus. 23 in. ^ ure white, more or less marked with blackish spots and bars. Legs feathered al- most to the toes. Nest. — Of sticks on ledges of cliffs. Eggs cream-colored, very heavily sprinkled with reddish-brown dots and blotched. Range. — Arctic regions. Resident in Greenland. BALD EAGLE. 352. Halueetiu 1. leucocephalus. 34 in. Adults blackish-brown, with white head and tail. Young birds blackish-brown all over Legs not wholly feathered, this dis- tinguishing young birds of this and the preceding species. Nest. — Of sticks, large and bulky; in trees or on ledges along the sea shore. Eggs white. Range. — Local throughout the U. S., more rare inland. Northern Bald Eagle oc- curs throughout Canada and Alaska. 109 GRAY GYRFALCON. 354. Falco rusticolus rusticolus. 23 in. Head and under parts white heavily barred and streaked with dusky. Upper parts gray with some dusky bars and whitish spots. Nest. — On cliffs. Eggs cream-colored, dot- ted and spotted all over with reddish-brown. Range. — Arctic America. In winter south rarely to northern border of the U. S. Gyr- falcon, which is darker than the preceding, also casually comes south to Minn, and Me. Black Gyrfalcon, which is very much darker, breeds in Ungava and casually occurs in Me. in winter. PRAIRIE FALCON. 355. Falco mexicanus. 18 in. Brownish above. Streaked and barred with dusky below. Blackish patch on sides of throat. Nest. — On ledges or in trees. Range. — From the Great Plains region to the Pacific coast; north to British Columbia. 110 DUCK HAWK. 356. Falco peregrinus anatum. 17 in. Slaty gray above. Buffy-white below, more or less barred and streaked with black. Black patches, or moustaches, on sides of head. Nest. — Three or four creamy eggs, pro- fusely sprinkled and blotched with reddish- brown, laid on bare ledges. Range.— Breeds locally in northern U. S. and throughout Canada; in mountains to S. Car., Tex. and Lower Cal. PIGEON HAWK. 357. Falco columbarius columbarius. 12 in. Adults slaty above. Whitish or buff, streak- ed and barred below. Young brown above and streaked below. Tail with dusky bars. Nest. — Of small sticks in trees. Eggs light- buff, heavily spotted with brown. Range. — Breeds from northern boundary of U. S. northward. Winters throughout the U. S. The paler Richardson Pigeon Hawk occurs in the Great Plains region of Canada SPARROW HAWK. 360. Falco s parvenus s parvenus. 10^ in. Crown and wings blue-gray. Back and tail bright reddish-brown. Below white and buff. Marked with black as shown, the male being the left hand bird. . .Note.— A shrill killy, Ully, Ully. Nest. — In hollow trees. Eggs cream-color, finely dotted and spotted with brown. Range. — Breeds throughout eastern U. S. and southern Canada. Winters in the south- ern half of the U. S. Little Sparrow Hawk, smaller and brighter colored, occurs in Fla. AUDUBON CARCARA. 362. Polyborus cheriway. 22 in. Crown, belly, back and wings blackish- brown. Rest of plumage buffy white, barred with dusky as shown. Bare face yellow. Nest. — Of sticks in low trees. Eggs creamy, dotted and spotted with brown. Range. — Southern Tex. and southern Fla. southward. 112 Family PANDIONID^B. OSPREY; FISH HAWK. 364. Pandion hali&tus carolinensis. 23 in. Back, wings and tail blackish-brown. Head and under parts white. Black patch on sides of head. Legs and feet blue-gray, very rough. Talons strongly curved. Food whol- ly fish. Note. — Piercing whistles. Nest. — Bulky, of sticks, in trees or on ground. Eggs creamy, with brown blotches. Range. — Breeds throughout the U. S. and Canada. Local in interior. Family ALUCONID^]. 365. Aluco pratincola. 18 in. Yellowish-brown above, finely mottled. White and buff below, with few black spots. Legs long and scantily feathered. Nest. — In hollow trees, in caves or in buildings. Four to six white eggs. Range. — Breeds in the lower half of the U. S. and casually north to Mass., Ontario, Minn, and Ore. 113 Family STRIGID^E. LONG-EARED OWL. 366. Asio wilsonianus. 15 in. Mottled with black, brown and buff above. Streaked and barred below with dusky. Face largely reddish-brown. Long ear tufts. Note. — A soft-toned wo-hunk, wo-hunk. Nest. — Usually old crow nests. Eggs white, four to seven in number. Range. — Breeds from Newfoundland, Que- bec, Keewatin and British Columbia south to Va., northern Tex. and southern Cal. SHORT-EARED OWL. 367. Asio flammeus. \Sl/2 in. General tone of plumage yellowish-brown, mottled above and streaked below. Ear tufts very small. Wing and tail feathers strongly barred with buff and dusky. Nest. — On the ground in marshy places. Four to eight pure white eggs. Range. — Breeds north from Mass., Ind., Col. and Cal. Winters throughout the U. S. 114 GREAT GRAY OWL. 370. Scotiaptex nebulosa nebulosa. 27 in. Eyes yellow. Facial disc very large. Plum- age mottled, barred and streaked grayish- brown and whitish. Tail unusually long. Nest. — Of sticks in trees. Eggs white. Range. — Breeds from Keewatin northwest to Mackenzie and Alaska. Winters south casually to New England, N. J., Minn, and Cal. BARRED OWL. 368. Strix varia varia. 20 in. Eyes dark brown. Plumage mottled, bar- red and streaked with grayish-brown and white. No ear tufts. Note. — Mournful, dismal hootings. N est. — In hollow trees or in old crow nests. Four or five pure white eggs. Range. — Eastern North America. From Newfoundland and Keewatin south to the Gulf States. Florida Barred Owl occurs in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. 115 RICHARDSON OWL. 371. Cryptoglaux funerea richardsoni. 10 in. Grayish-brown above, white below streak- ed and barred with brown. Wings spotted with white. No ear tufts. Nest. — Usually in holes in trees, but some- times they make nests of sticks in trees. Four or five pure white eggs. Range. — Breeds in northern Canada and Alaska. Winters south to the northern border of the U. S. SAW-WHET OWL; ACADIAN OWL. 372. Cryptoglaux acadica acadica. 8 in. Smallest of eastern owls. No ear tufts. Brownish above. White, streaked with brown below. A few whitish spots on wings and back. Note. — A clear trill. Nest. — In holes in trees. Eggs white. Range. — Breeds from southern Canada south locally and in mountains to Md., Ind. and Ariz. Winters south to the Gulf coast. 116 SCREECH OWL. 373. Otus asio asio. 9l/2 in. Two color phases, one with gray upper parts and the other with the upper parts bright reddish-brown. Both streaked and barred with black as shown. Prominent ear tufts. Note. — A wavering trill. Nest. — In cavities. Eggs pure white. Range. — Eastern North America. From New Brunswick, Ontario and Minn, south- ward. Florida Screech Owl occurs in the South Atlantic and Gulf States. GREAT HORNED OWL. 375. Bubo virginianus virginianus. 23 in. Large ear tufts. Plumage mottled and barred with brown, gray and black. Very strong and powerfully built. Note. — Dismal hooting; a harsh scream. Nest. — in hollow trees or in old hawk or crow nests. Eggs white. Range. — Throughout eastern U. S. and southern Canada. 117 HAWK OWL. 377 a. Surnia ulula caparoch. 15 in. Grayish-brown above, spotted and barred with white. Below whitish, barred with dusky. No ear tufts. Tail long and round- ed. More diurnal in habits than other owls. Nest. — In cavities, or of sticks in trees. Range. — Breeds northward from Ungava, Alberta and British Columbia. Winters south casually to Me., N. Y., Nebr. and Wash. SNOWY OWL. 376. Nyctea nyctea. 25 in. Heavier and stronger than the Horned Owl. Plumage pure white, more or less spotted or barred with black Some specimens un- marked. Females always heavily barred. Nest. — On the ground near or in dry por- tions of marshes. Eggs white. Range. — Breeds on barren grounds in Arc- tic regions. South in winter casually to northern U. S. and sometimes to N. Car. and La. Feeds upon fish as well as upon rodents and game birds. 118 BURROWING OWL. 378. Speotyto cunicularia hypogaa. 10 in. Grayish-brown above, spotted and barred with white. Below white, barred with dusky. Legs long and scantily covered with hair- like feathers. Nest. — In burrows in the ground. Six to ten eggs in an enlarged chamber at the end. Range. — Western North America from Manitoba, Kans. and Tex. to the Pacific coast. Florida Burrowing Owl occurs in southern Fla. 119 INDEX Anhinga 31 Auk, Great 11 Razor-billed 10 Avocet 71 Bittern 57 Cory Least 58 Least 57 Bob-White 90 Booby 30 Blue-faced 29 Brant 52 Caracara, Audubon 112 Chachalaca 97 Coot 69 Cormorant 31 Double-crested 32 Mexican . 32 Crane, Little Brown 64 Sandhill 64 Whooping 63 Curlew, Eskimo 84 Hudsonian 83 Long-billed 83 Dovekie 11 Dove, Ground 99 Mourning 98 White-winged 99 Dowitcher 73 Long-billed 73 Duck, Baldpate 38 Black 36 Black-bellied Tree 52 Blue-bill 43 Buffle-head . 45 121 Duck, Canvas-back 42 Eider 47 King 47 Florida 37 Fulvous Tree 53 Gadwall 37 Golden-eye 44 Barrow 44 Harlequin 46 Long-tailed 45 Labrador 46 Mallard 36 Old-squaw 45 Pintail 41 Redhead , 42 Ring-necked 43 Ruddy 49 Scaup 43 Lesser 43 Scoter 48 Surf . . 49 Duck, White-winged 48 Shoveller 40 Teal, Blue-winged 39 Cinnamon 40 Green-winged 39 Widgeon 38 Whistler 44 Wood 41 Eagle, Bald 109 Golden 108 Egret, White 59 Snowy 60 Reddish 60 Eider 47 King 47 Falcon, Prairie 110 Flamingo 54 Frigate Bird 34 Fulmar 25 Gallinule, Florida 68 Purple 68 122 Gannet 30 Godwit, Hudsonian 79 Marbled 78 Goose, Canada 51 Blue 50 Snow 50 White-fronted 51 Goshawk 104 Grebe, Eared 6 Horned 6 Holboell 5 Pied-billed 7 Western 5 Grouse, Dusky 92 Ruffed 93 Sage 96 Sharp-tailed 94 Spruce 92 Guillemot, Black 9 Gull, Black-backed .v 15 Bonaparte 18 Gull, Franklin .* 17 Glaucous 14 Herring 16 Iceland 15 Ivory 13 Kittiwake 14 Kumlien 15 Laughing 17 Ring-billed 16 Ross 18 Sabine 19 Gyrfalcon 110 White 109 Hawk, Broad-winged 107 Cooper 104 Duck Ill Ferrugineous Rough-leg 108 Fish 113 Harris 105 Marsh 103 Pigeon Ill 123 Hawk, Red-shoulderad 106 Rde-tailed 105 Rough-legged 107 Sharp-shinned 103 Sparrow 112 Swainson 106 Heath Hen 95 Heron, Great Blue 59 Great White 58 Green 62 Little Blue 61 Louisiana 61 Night, Black-crowned 62 Yellow-crowned 63 Ibis, Glossy 56 Scarlet 55 White 55 White-faced Glossy 56 Wood 56 Jacana, Mexican 89 Jaeger, Long-tailed 13 Jaeger, Parasitic 13 Pomarine 12 Killdeer 85 Kite, Everglade 102 Mississippi 102 Swallow-tailed 101 White-tailed 101 Kittiwake 14 Knot 74 Limpkin ...: 64 Loon 7 Black-throated 8 Red-throated 8 Mallard 36 Man-o-War Bird 34 Merganser 34 Hooded 35 Red-breasted 35 Murre 10 Noddy 24 Osprey 113 124 Owl, Barn 113 Barred 115 Burrowing 119 Great Gray 115 Great Horned 117 Hawk 118 Long-eared 114 Richardson 116 Saw-whet 116 Screech 117 Short-eared 114 Snowy 118 Oyster-catcher 89 Pelican, Brown 33 White 33 Petrel, Leach 28 Storm 27 Wilson 28 Phalarope, Northern 70 Red 69 Wilson . . 70 Pheasant, Ring-necked 97 Pigeon, Passenger 98 Plover, Black-bellied 84 Golden 85 Mountain 88 Piping 86 Semipalmated 86 Snowy 87 Upland 81 Wilson 87 Prairie Hen ' 95 Lesser 95 Ptarmigan, Rock 94 Willow 93 Puffin 9 Quail, Bob- White 90 Gambel 91 Massena 91 Scaled 90 Rail, Black 67 Carolina .66 125 Rail, Clapper 65 King 65 Sora 66 Virginia 66 Yellow 67 Sanderling 78 Sandpiper, Baird 76 Bartramian 81 Buff-breasted 82 Curlew 77 Least 76 Pectoral 75 Purple 74 Red-backed 77 Semipalmated 77 Solitary 80 Spotted 82 Stilt 73 White-rumped 75 Scoter 48 Surf 49 Scoter, White-winged 48 Shearwater, Audubon 26 Cory 25 Greater 26 Sooty 27 Shoveller 40 Snake-bird 31 Snipe, Wilson 72 Spoonbill, Roseate 54 Stilt, Black-necked 71 Swan, Whistling 53 Teal, Blue-winged 39 Cinnamon 40 Green-winged 39 Tern, Arctic 22 Black 23 Cabot 20 Caspian 20 Common 21 Porster 21 Gull-billed , . 19 126 Tern, Least 22 Noddy 24 Roseate 22 Royal 20 Sooty 23 Tropic Bird, Yellow-billed 29 Turkey, Wild 96 Turnstone, Ruddy 88 Vulture, Black 100 Turkey 100 Willet 81 Woodcock 72 Yellowlegs 80 Greater 79 127 Press of A. M. Eddy, Albion, N. Y. LAN D BIRDS By CHESTER A. REED, S. B. n illustrated, pocket text book that enables one to quickly identify any song or msectivor- bird found east of the Rocky Mountains, cribes their habits and peculiarities; tells you >re to look for them and describes their nests, VERYSmRD IS SHOWN IN COLOR, including females and young where the plumage differs, i watercolor drawings by the four-color ^ pro- s The illustrations are the BEST, the MOST CURATE, and the MOST VALUABLE ever nted in a bird book. L\XD BIRDS" is the most popular and has 1 LARGEST SALE (over 200,000 copies) of any I book published in this country. It is used and ommended by our leading ornithologists and chers. 230 pages. ound in Cloth, 75c. net; in Leather, $1.00 net; postage 5c. from "Land Birds" WATER BIRDS By CHESTER A. REED, S. B. This book is uniform in size and scope wi LAND BIRDS. It includes all of the Water Bird Game Birds and Birds of Prey, east of the Rockie Each species is ILLUSTRATED IN COLOR fro. oil paintings; the bird, its habits and nestiii habits are described. The pictures show more than 230 birds in colo every species found in our range. They exceed i number those in any other bird book. In qualil they cannot be surpassed — exquisite gems, ea 58 Wh.-thr. Sparrow ip59 Tree Sparrow JJ560 Chipping Sparrow £63 Field Sparrow j>67 Junco jp81 Song Sparrow 585 Fox Sparrow 1587 Towhee |593 Cardinal £>95 Rose-br. Grosbeak [598 Indigo Bunting 604 Dickcissel |60S Scarlet Tanager 611 Purple Martin |612 Cliff Swallow 613 Barn Swallow 614 Tree Swallow 619 Cedar Waxwing 622 Loggerhead Shrike 624 Red-eyed Vireo 629 Solitary Vireo 636 Bl. and White Warbler 637 Prothonotary Warbler 642 Golden-wing Warbler 645 Nashville Warbler 652 Yellow Warbler 655 Myrtle Warbler 659 Chestnut-sided Warbler 660 Bay-breasted Warbler 661 Black-poll Warbler 662 Blackburnian Warbler 667 Bl.-thr. Green Warbler 672 Yellow Palm Warbler 673 Prairie Warbler 674 Oven-Bird 677 Kentucky Warbler 681 Maryland Yellow-thr. 683 Yellow-br. Chat 686 Canadian Warbler 687 Redstart 703 Mockingbird 704 Catbird 705 Brown Thrasher 718 Carolina Wren 721 House Wren 722 Winter Wren 726 Brown Creeper 727 Wh.-br. Nuthatch 735 Chickadee 749 Ruby-crown. Kinglet 755 Wood Thrush 756 Veery 761 Robin 766 Bluebird These pictures, assorted as desired, are sent prepaid in lots of ten or more, for 1 cent each. FIELD GLASSES FOR BIRD STUDY or equally good for the mountain, sea shore or theatre, or wherever a large, clear image of an object is desired. We carefully examined more than a hundred makes of field glasses, to select the ones best adapted for bird study. We found one make that was superior to any other of the same price and equal optically, and nearly as well made as those costing three times as much. They magnify about three diameters, and have an unusually large field of vision or angle of view, making it easy to find a bird or keep him in sight, Price only $5.00 postpaid. CHAS. K. REED, Worcester, Mass. P n D 0*11* O I*- O <> M r!tM < > j2 :* 09 «sr *- P IS O* |X> ;§ nm o £-!! CD c > c