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MANHATTAN, KANSAS:

PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONALIST.

Albert Griffin, Editor and Publisher.

1881.

Eg^e-

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H. P. DOW. JUDGE GEO. F. BROWN.

DOW & BROWN,

MANHATTAN, KANSAS,

-vlaajj Jr%*®

L MSTAT1

They are the authorized agents for the

National Land Company's Lands,

THE M., K. & T. RAILROAD LANDS,

And for most of the non-resident lands in

Riley, Darts, Western part of Pottawatomie and Wabaunsee Comities.

Most of these lands are very cheap.

THEY SHOW THEM WITHOUT CHARGE TO CUSTOMERS.

They are also agents for most of the improved farms now offered for sale in this vicinity , and have sold many during the present season. Partv* wishing to j/urchase can do no better anyiohere in Kansas than to buy here, and of them.

Tiiej para* Title and Facts as represented by fa.

Correspondence attended to promptly.

Fifteen frrms, containing not less than fifty acres each, for sale at from 1650 to $1,900 per farm at DOW & BROWN'S.

We can sell you improved lands of :my size cheaper than you ran improve them. DOW '& BROWN.

Several tracts of good farming land, near markets, lor sale on time at from !>4 to $5 per acre. Call on ' DOW & BROWN.

AN IUXSTRATED

SKETCH BOOK

OF

RILEY COUNTY, KANSAS,

THE

"Blzze Ritibon County."

COME AND SEE US.

MANHA1TAN, KANSAS. Published Jan. 1881, by THE NATIONALIST, a Weekly Republican Newspaper, ALBERT GRIFFIX, ED. & PROP'R.

MA

THE NATIONALIST,

■'.-

'7H2fV72 Manhattan, Kansas,

OR, LENOX AND

ALBEET GEIFFIN, Editor and Proprietor.

Terms, $1.50 a Year, in Advance.

The surest war to find out whether or not a country will suit you as a place of residence, is to go there yourself and live a year or two. The next best method is to subscribe for and read a good local paper. Newspapers nearly always reflect the character, opinions and aspirations of the communities in which they are published, or of the classes that sustain them. Intelligent men, by reading the local news and correspond- ence and editorials on home affairs of a live local paper, can always form a tolerably correct idea of the people, their institutions and the ad- vantages and disadvantages of their locality. Therefore, to all who wish for more information in regard to Kansas than this work furnishes, and who cannot come out at once themselves, we say, subscribe for The Nationalist. Do not rest satisfied with sponging " a specimen copy," but take the paper, for at least six or twelve months.

The Nationalist, called first the Western Kansas Express, changed to the Manhattan In- dependent, and then to the Manhattan Standard, is the oldest paper in Kansas, west of Topeka. It has, with the exception of three years, been the official paper of both city and county, and always publishes all official notices, tax lists, etc. It is published weekly, and contains eight pages with six columns to the page.

It makes a specialty of local news of all kinds. Besides the "'town news," correspondents, from fifteen to twenty points in and immediately around the county, keep its readers posted about everything of interest in their respective neigh- borhoods.

Much space is devoted to farm and stock mat- ters. In addition to the multitude of items fur- nished by reporters and correspondents, it pub- lishes full reports of the "Bluemont Farmers' Club," the oldest and most noted agricultural society in Kansas: of the monthly meetings of the "Manhattan Horticultural Society," which has now been in existence several years: of the meetings of the "Central Kansas Stock Bree- ders' Association," that promises to be second in interest to none: of the annual "Farmers' In- stitute"— the oldest and best of its kind in the State: of the animal exhibition of "The Blue and Kansas Valley Poultry and Pet Stock Associa- tion," and of the annual fairs of "The Blue and Kansas Valley Agricultural Society." In these various organizations almost every subject of interest to the husbandman is discussed — and generally with intelligence— for it is undoubted-

ly true that there are, in this locality, an un- usual proportion of well posted farmers, stock breeders and horticulturists.

In politics, it is radically Republican, but sympathizes with the progressive or reform wing of the party. It commences Nation with a big N, but does not hide behind it when civil service reform ami other important matters, upon which the party is divided, are under discussion. It is opposed to a single bank of issue— «ven when that bank is the Federal Treasury— ami prefers a National Banking system, made as free as is consistent with absolute safety to the bill holder. It prefers high prices to low ones— es- pecially for the laborer— but wants all prices to be, iu fact, what they pretend to be. It advo- cates a protective tariff; female suffrage; com- pulsory education; an economical administra- tion of government; the duty of every citizen to generally refuse to support the dishonest or incompetent nominees of his party; and last, but not least, that it is the imperative duty of the people, through State legislation and Con- gress, to curb the power of the monster corpora- tions that are now becoming so arrogant and • oppressive.

It excludes from its advertising, as well as reading, columns everything that tends to en- courage vice,' advocates a high standard of per- sonal morality, and believes that it is the duty of all to do unto others as they would be done by. It is especially urgent in its advocacy of temperance; and, iu short, is, at least, a safe family paper.

Its editor has had fifteen year's experience, during which he has taken a decided stand on all the issues of the day as they have conic and gone; and it is not too much to say that THE Nationalist is to-day second to no weekly paper in the State iu influence. It is not a real estate paper, ami does not feel called upon to ignore every fact and occurrence thai dots not tend to create the impression that Kansas is a Paradise. It believes in Kansas sufficiently to be confident that the real truth will, in the long run, do her more good than the one-sided reports usually sent out.

If such a paper shits you, and you contem- plate coming West some day, or wish to keep posted upon the drift of affairs in " the skirmish- line State," you can send your money or a post- office order (o

ALBERT GRIFFIN,

Manhattan, Kansas.

The State of Kansas.

" Four hundred miles long, two hundred miles wide, four thousand miles deep, and as high as the stars," is Hon. John A. Anderson's descrip- tion of Kansas — the "Central State" of the Union.

Called into existence by the act re- pealing the Missouri compromise, its cradle was rocked alternately by bor- der ruffians and free-soilers, who, by the light of burning cities and cabins, fought for the possession of the young child. How the contest ended is a matter of history ; and, as is not unu- sual, when the tight triumphs, even the defeated faction ultimately became more than reconciled to the result.

This baptism of fire and blood in in- fancy was but a prelude to the civil war it hastened, and in which Kansas took so active a part. The records show that Kansas furnished more vol- unteers, in proportion to her popula- tion, than any other State ; and that a

larger proportion of their bones were left in Southern sepulchres.

Since "Johnny came marching home" she has, if anything, occupied even a still more prominent position than before in the eyes of the Nation, and, during the past ten years, in spite of the financial crash, drouth and grasshoppers, has grown faster than any other State has ever done. In 1870, her population was 364,399 and in 1880 it is 996,S16. In 1870, her prop- erty assessed for taxation amounted to $92,528,990.83 and iu 1880 to $160,570,- 761.43. In 1870, she had 2,068 public schools, against 6,215 in 1880 ; children in attendance 63,218, against 124,684; and the value of school buildings in- creased from $1,520,041.40 in 1870, to 841,633,044.71 in 1880. The increase in a few agricultural products from 1^74 to 1880— kindly furnished by Maj. J. K. Hudson, secretary of the State Board of Agriculture — is as follows :

FARM PRODUCTS.

Winter Wheat..

Rye

Spring Wheat. .

Com

Barley ,

Oats.".

Buckwheat

Irish Potatoes.. Sweet Potatoes.

Sorghum

Castor Bean.-...

Cotton

Flax

Hemp

Tobacco

Broom Corn

Millet and Hungarian

Timothy Meadow

Clover .Meadow

Prairie Meadow

Total.

1874.

\ 5,794,008 00 289,117.00

1.837,663 00

12,283,142 00

329,488.1 ii

4,064,424.00 170,400.00

1,247,817.50 040.211.00 540,338.00 152,005 00 11,657.00 265,704 00 116,56000 29,384 00 123,317 00 625,781.00 252,817.00 215,756 00

1,421,746.00

1875.

$ 9,457,550

862,953

1,892.816.

19,071,698

l,0id,2.i5 2,396,257

238,20' 1,415.70:!

300,884 1,149,030.

388,813 29,780

475,455

315,906 21,601

579,655, 1,113,326

1 70,406

107,021 2.980,405

1876.

$10,280,942

1,442.054

2,126,838

19,217,332.

882,590.

2,707,730.

79,632

2,674.204

262,432

839,147.

281.191

15,979

617,437

70,200

77,432

452. 524

1,237,588

129,093

08.754

2,103,660

1877.

1878.

806,092.81 52 92 32

z, a/7,620

20,206,184

582,977

2,050.001

46,380

2,056,078

201,928

1,195,065

578,356

10,159

305,875

99,453

53,083

634,414

1.765,583

22.5.202

107.362

2.4: 2.660

1879.

34 $ 9,662,508.20 $15,658,466.85

816,602.41

2,782,599.9,

17,018,968.7!

562,260.3:

2,037.000.0.

68,742.5t

1.683,936.0

224,846.6.

166,7-. :.2_

448,618.38!

7,792.36

424,770.88

20.244.4li

40.033.K

602,45s. 71.

1,782,555.30

362,241.52

137, 154. 4.

3,157,557.8. J

(516,087.403.69

254,163.60

2,301,307.45

20.502,674.46

3oU,u46.00

3,397,416.33

37,175.84

2,177,504.55

107,407.29

1,224,650.57

766,143.37

3,023.06

622,256.02

33,472.78

55,675.35

283.33n.13

2,042,275.72

483,812.15

152,503.95

3,017.47 2 42

$29,920.734. 00J$43,970,494 28 $45,581,926 39j$45,597,051.2l|$49,914,434.3« 560, 129,780.73

The actual increase has been greater than these tables indicate, for it com- mences in the period of high prices and ends just when they were lowest.

Tmrcase in Lin Stock.

LIVE STOCK.

1874.

Horses

Mules and A.sses. . . Milch CowsJ — Other < attle,! ....

MllM'p

Swim'

Total

$10,391,633 1,388,142

13,124,273

169,676 2,673,174

$27,746 Si in

1875.

$9,875,245 1.622,660 5.747,215 2,181 862 247.501 2,077.871

1876.

$11 Si ! 61)5 1.849. 17i 6.363.672 9.467 001 351.706 2,642,840

1877.

$13,266,410

2 283,960

7.325 976

10,386.920

513.975

5.638,896

1878.

$16 167

3.042

7,442.

12,423

731,

6,094,

001 30C 266 ■i4-i 281 24

$21,758,356 $32,489,293 $39,416,167|$46 210 812

1879.

1880.

$17,537,364 $19,849,806 4.158 180 4.664,240 8,964 510 9.899.280 15.71 6 632 17,968,128 1.091.517 1.492,722 ; 586.964 7,689,780

$55 045 197|$61,563,956

Kansas is the most intensely radical State in the Union — using the term radical in a non-partisan sense. She exemplified this trait during the "early days" by the earnestness with which she struggled against slavery and re- bellion ; and in the later days, she marches as directly upon the enemy's works as then, and strikes as strongly from the shoulder.

Believing it best for all concerned that every family should have a home, her constitution expressly exempts a homestead from sale under execution. Despite this wise provision there are, and always will be, some who know not where to lay their heads, but the number is much less than it would be if every Shylock were permitted, in all cases, to exact his pound of flesh.

Knowing that ignorance is a misfor- tune to individuals and an injury to communities, her laws imperatively command all having control of chil- dren to give them a certain amount of schooling. Of course, there will con- tinue to be those who will not know enough to come in out of the wet, but they will not be as numerous as they would l>(' if the strong arm of the law did uot reach forth to compel unwilling parents and guardians to feed the minds as well as bodies of the children commit ted to their charge.

Realizing that intemperance is a ter- rible evil, and that it could not exist hut for the custom of dram-drink- Lng, she has decided that no man shall ha \ e a right to make a business of pan- dering to and extending a habit that causes so much misery and crime. To make assurance on this point doubly sure, she has just added to her consti- tution a provision that reads: "The

manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquors shall be forever prohibited in this State, except tor medicinal, scien- tific and mechanical purposes." *>o State has ever taken such a step before, but he will not prove a prophet who predicts that no other State will dare to follow where Kansas leads. That the measure referred to will put a stop to all drinking and drunkenness no one believes, but it will unquestionably di- minish the vice and the number of sa- loons, it sustains, help to make the business of drunkard making disrepu- table and the practice of dram drink- ing unpopular, (thus diminishing the temptations that beset the pathway of the young,) and tend to draw to this State an increased proportion of tem- perance men and women.

Of course, no State could make such truly wonderful progress as Kansas has done without the possession of great physical advantages and attrac- tions, hut the character of a people is of more importance than that of the soil. The love of liberty and devotion to principle, directness of inn-pose, un- daunted courage and indomitable per- severance that started so many of the pioneers to this State, and sustained and gave them the victory over so many discouraging circumstances, were the same qualities that enabled the early settlers of New England, to make their steril States chief seat* of wealth, intellectual activity and social culture. Probably Missouri has greater " natural " advantages than any other State in the Union, hut the Bourbon- Ism of her population has so retarded her progress that, alt hough she has had nearly fifty years the start, her young sister is even now hut slightly behind

Character of Kansas Peoph .

9

her in wealth and population, and ahead in everything else that is desira- ble.

This matl r is referred to here, sim- ply because fche question "why Kan- sas bas grown so" cannot be correctly answered if it is ignored, and because the salient characteristics of the people they will have as fellow citizens is one of the most important points to be con- sidered by men seeking now homes tor themselves and families. As a rule, a wide awake, pushing man will prosper most, financially, he best eon- tented and develop most rapidly men- tally and morally, in a community of kindred spirits. Such men, acting to- gether, will succeed even among rocks or sands, and when nature helps will, as they have done in Kansas, astonish the world.

But, besides being inhabited by a really superior class of people, Kansas has unusual natural agricultural ad- vantages*. The soil of the eastern third of (he State cannol be surpassed in depth and richness by that of an equal extent of territory in any Sfa of the Union; and, although it grad- ually becomes thinner and lighter as the great plains are approached, even the most westerly counties have what would almost anywhere lie called a good soil. The climate also is mild, healthful and invigorating, and farm- ers can work out of doors more days in the year than anywhere east of the Mississippi.

It is true that Kansas is subject to occasional drouths. The rainfall is not as great here as in some localities — but there are many who know that too much rain is as hurtful as too little. By reference to the meteorological ta- bles, printed further on, it will also be seen that our most abundant rains come in the seasons of the year that they are most needed, viz: spring and

summer ; and it is a well known fact that our soil can stand drouth better than that of most eastern Stat''-.

The statistics of production published in this work <b monstrate that the rainfall has been sufficient to produce good crops — and it might be pertinent- ly asked hotb much more does a farmer n' id? It must also be remembered that the climatic conditions of Kansas and their influence on vegetation are just beginning to be understood and regarded. It has only been since the panic that they have been carefully studied, and, even if the prevalent opinion that they are steadily changing for the better is not well founded, the increase of knowledge must lead to in- :<rd certainty, and still greater suc- - in agricultural operations. We do not wish to be misunderstood, and therefore repeat that this country is subject to drouths which materially di- minish crops and sometimes almost de-troy them ; but she does not suffer as much from that cause as many sup- pose, and this drawback is not as seri- ous as some with which other sections are afflicted and from which Kansas is exempt.

The chief inducements offered by Kansas to farmers from the Eastern States are the superior character of her lands ; their present cheapness and prospective rapid rise in value; the healthfulness of her climate for both man and beast ; the moral, intel- ligent and progressive character of her people ; and the high character of her schools, churches and social elements. To the townsman she offers, upon this foundation, openings in almost every line, in rapidly growing communities, where the steady increase in popula- tion is of itself sufficient to insure a good business, in a short period, to com- petent parties.

10

Riley County

Riley County.

To be an average county in such a State as Kansas would be very credit- able, but to take rank as the best in a competitive examination is an honor that belougs to none but Riley county. She is emphatically and truly

"THE BLUE RIBBON COUNTY."

Last winter the Western National Fair Association offered a premium of $1,000 to the Kansas county making the fullest and best general display of its products at its Fair to be held at the celebrated Bismarck Fair Ground in September last. The exhibition was a magnificent affair, exceeding any- thing ever before seen west of St. Louis. Eight counties entered the list of competitors, and the "Blue Ribbon" was awarded to Riley county, not only by the unanimous vote of the judges but by the universal testimony of the spectators as well. Throughout the vast crowd the name of Riley county was in every mouth. Everywhere one went, questions and remarks were overheard such as "Have you seen the Riley county display?" "Isn't that Riley county exhibit wonderful? " "I never saw anything equal to it!" "The cornstalks were not spliced, for I examined them carefully joint by joint!" "What beautiful stone!" " The Riley county stock display al- most equals that from all the rest of the State! " "What an infinite vari- ety of things there are in the Riley county department, and how tastily fchey are arranged ! " Pages might be filled with admiring comments, and it can be truthfully said t bat Riley county bore the same relation to its competitors at the Bismarck Fair thai Kansas did to other States at the Centennial. We copy the following account from the report made by W. C. Johnston in The Nationalist :

As many of your readers are doubt- less aware, the Blue & Kansas Valley Agricultural Society decided, about three weeks since, to compete for the premium offered by the National Fair Association at Bismarck for county displays. After much discussion in the Executive Committee, and a great deal of discouraging encoiu-agement by the citizens generally, a few of our society people set to work distributing circulars, asking our farmers to send the best specimens of their vegetables, fruit, stock, plants, etc., for the pur- pose ; and, in addition, the Society's representatives made personal solicita- tions through the county.

As time wore on, our good people became more patriotic, from the enthu- siasm of those directly engaged ; and the influx began of flowers, fruits, veg- etables, and innumerable questions, that required the almost constant time of our genial treasurer to answer. The irrepressible Levi Woodman was se- cured to gather the goods in ; and, on Wednesday last, two car-loads of the vegetable productions of Riley county were shipped to Bismarck.

Prof. Henry Worrell, of Topeka, had signified his willingness to make a de- sign and superintend the construction of the exhibit ; and, to the chaste beau- ty and richness of his design, we are largely indebted, in securing the atten- tion of the throngs who passed con- stantly from Tuesday morning until Saturday night.

The building used was four hundred feet long by twenty -six feet wide, and fourteen feet high. Each county was assigned a space on one side only, of forty feet, and allowed to pile up its goods six feet from the wall, thus leav- ing a passage way of thirteen feet through the center of the building from end to end. Beginning at the west end, Wyandotte county had the south side; next came Montgomery. At this point broad doorways we're cut through the sides of the building. East of the doorway was the exhibit from Cherokee county. On the north side, opposite Wyandotte was Linn county, then Douglass; across the doorway, Riley, then Clay. * * *

Coming again to our own county, we enter the south door in the center of

Bismarck Fair Report.

11

the building and are confronted by the seventy-five feet of Moorish arches, surmounted by a blue ground bearing yellow stars'* and the words, "Riley County." The name and stars were created with finely cut straw, which our girls cut for us at the Coliseum, while their escorts were discussing watermelons and what to wear at the fair. First, came flowers beautifully arranged on wire stands, and rising in an immense pyramid nearly to the roof. These were the representations of our many beautiful collections in Manhattan. The plants numbered about one hundred varieties. In front, on a convenient shelf, were found thirty-three varieties of the native woods of our county. On shelves, ei- ther side of the window, were piled jellies and preserved fruits, the product of the adept hands and educated brains of Riley county's talented housewives, possibly assisted by their comely daughters. There were of this condi- ment only one hundred and thirty- seven varieties. In the same section were samples of wines, honey, silk cocoons, butter, cheese, sorghum, buck- eyes, seedling apples, horseshoes of polished steel that add to the go of Riley County's flying steeds — the hand- iwork of Mr. Hays. These beautiful specimens of skilled labor were much praised and admired by the lovers of the equine.

The third section contained one hun- dred varieties of apples, twenty of pears, twelve of grapes, nine of peaches and pawpaws, and the celebrated Bluemont plums which Dr. Blachly has cultivated to a high degree of per- fection and beauty, derived, as the name indicates, from the lofty bluff north of town. Against the wall, were suspended files of the six county pa- pers ; viz., Nationalist, Enterprise, Industrialist, Gleaner, independent, and Telephone. These were appropri- ately surrounded by twenty varieties of grasses, in bundles, wreaths and festoons. We interpret this as a shin- ing light that the intelligence of Riley county permits to illuminate her wild surroundings. Our newspapers were flanked on the one side by a specimen of sod corn from the prolific valley of the Wild Cat, measuring thirteen feet, planted June 1st, and harvested in September. On the other side, were two massive columns of the beautiful white magnesian limestone with which our bluffs abound. This was cut and built, by the Ulrich brothers, of Man- hattan stone, lime and sand; and, as some of our friends explained, would have been moistened with the limpid waters of the Blue only that we lost our barrels.

The next divisions were occupied by Dr. Blachly's elegant collection of stuffed birds and animals, and con- tained eighty-eight specimens of birds varying in size from the small and beautiful humming bird to the majestic American eagle. Of the animal kind, there were shown seventeen specimens, the smallest a mole, the largest an an- telope. We learn that a number of these were bought by the State Uni- versity. This was a center of attrac- tion to an eager throng, and vied with the vegetable department next to them in which was a card with the words, "Hancock 84," "Garfield 94," while a small green one above, which had evi- dently not attained full growth, was la- belled "Weaver." These names, of course, were applied to the mammoth squashes on which the cards were hung.

Some of our English cousins, of the nabob variety, who accompanied the Forney Excursion, could only ejaculate in wide mouth wonder, " Why, it beats Covent Garden." This aggregate of vegetables was simply wonderful, and contained the following vatieties : Squashes, eleven ; pumpkins, four ; Osage orange, one ; growing cotton, one; castor beans, one; radishes, five; okra, one ; horse radish, one ; Russian sunflowers, two ; beets, eight ; toma- toes, three ; kohl rabi, two ; potatoes, Irish, sixteen; potatoes sweet, five; turnips, five ; asparagus, two ; carrots, three ; parsnips, one ; egg plant, three ; peppers, six ; watermelons, two ; musk- melons, two; cabbage, four, etc.

Some of our competitors were unkind enough to ask if we had any vegetables left in Riley county. They were in- formed that, if they were short in dis- play of samples, we would spare them a few carloads.

In the next section were samples of twelve varieties of corn, from the di- minutive pop corn to the long sixteen foot stalks that our exhibitors said could be most easily gathered with a step ladder, or utilized as lightning rods. Twenty-six varieties of wheat ; five grades of flour ixom the Purcell Elevator Co.'s Manhattan Mills, cheap enough to please the most miserly and fine enough to tickle the palate of an epicure ; two varieties of Indian meal, four samples of soft, creamy, white bread of the flour from the above nulls ; buckwheat, two varieties ; growing millet, six feet high ; barley, one ; rye, three ; oats, six ; beans, six ; white clover, one; peanuts, one; rhubarb, three ; chard, one ; watermelons, pump- kins, squashes, etc.

This is about what space our show was expected to cover; and at this

12

Bismarck Fair Report.

point we suspended operations on the cedar festoons which we had lavishly decorated, and began stringing green and red apples on wires for the contin- uation of our large and, we thought, handsome line of home grown products. On the posts we placed samples of growing sorghum, corn, broom corn, grape vines, Osage hedge, fruit trees, etc., showing enormous growths, or large fruitage.

Some of our incredulous visitors asked u, how long our huge squashes had been growing and were answered, a period of time varying from a few months I » two and a half years. When we had filled ahout twice our allotment of space and placed cards bearing the legend " Riley County" on each post, in a conspicuous location, we began sorting articles in the annex as we called it. This was in many respects a reproduction of the former in kinds, only that our grains, fruits or vegeta- bles were shown in other forms, and with additional kinds or varieties. That you may gel an idea of the com- p) ] and the care which had been exercised in getting everything of its kind, we enumerate without regard to number, the following, as taken from our inventory : Tobacco, millet, cotton, grapevim s, hops, artichokes, potatoes, onions, rice corn, six varieties soft p. ach, apple, plum, catalpa and other 11 , showing in most cases remarka- ble growths, hay, brick, box elder, ash, In nip, anil forest tree seeds, such as oak. walnut, hickory, redbud, buckeye, Arc. Some of our neighbors had the ,!, '. (o insinuate that we were for- lUn:r. iv Local d n iar enough to the Agricultural (oil sge, so that we had a hearty assistance from their experi- mental groves, grains, &c." To this, of com ■. v. ent red a denial. Others gently intimated thai the Railroad had kindly coll <■': d our samples along the line, and that they had used discrimi- fovorable to our county. This later was so ridiculous that ii caused ;| ripple on the placid features of the , zens of Riley.

Adjoining our building on the north were forty coops of poultry, many of which bore red or blue ribbons. Sev- en1 iof th line horses, sixty choice i,., . thirty-two head of cattle, added bo the laurels we bore triumphantly away. A complete lisi of the awards in this pari of our display cannot be given as ii lias been impossible to see a large cumber of our exhibitors, many Of whom are at Kansas City, Burlin- game, etc., in quesl of further honors.

A- an evidence of what was done ii may suffice to say that Bill & Burnham secured the lirsi premium on Kansas

herd, C. M. GifFord receiving the sec- ond, while his two year old bull re- ceived the honor of a red ribbon over the crack herd of Potts of Illinois. C. E. Allen received fourteen ribbons on Poland China hogs, several on chickens etc. Rollins, Corbett, Marsh and other exhibitors of poultry were equally fa- vored. In fact, all who made exhibits from Riley county came home hearing blue and red trophies of the competitive contest.

The notoriety our exhibits made as- sisted our people to make good sales of their products. For example, Mr. Al- len tells us he sold pigs, at prices vary- ing from $15 to $25. Others, no doubt, did equally well.

To those who worked early, late and persistently, the credit of our success is, in a great measure, due ; and they should have the thanks of the people of the entire county, and no doubt they will. Some ludicrous scenes were en- acted during our competition winch served to enliven the time, and relieved us of the monotonous task of answering all the questions that human ingenuity could suggest. For example, we were asked if we did not receive aid last spring, "Where is Riley county?" "Can you spare us some seed's?" " Are these the same goods you exhib- ited at the Centennial? " and so on ad infinitum.

Charges of every conceivable kind were made by our unsuccessful com- petitors ; viz., that the exhibit was collected from the College farm ; that it was a railroad collection, extending from the Blue river to the mountains; that the goods were shown at the Phil- adelphia exposition, etc. We had some one of our number always ready to en- lighten the multitude, and to the latter accusation, simply replied that the goods were as good in qualify as in quantity and variety, as no other com- petitor could show vegetables and fruit which had kept equally well; that the goods might also he prehistoric; were exhumed in 1854 at the county organ- ization, and woidd he again exhibited at the next Centennial. One enthusi- astic gent from the classic shades of Manhattan, lustily informed the crowd of curious seekers of knowledge that the " Banner county was equalled only in beauty, productiveness and fertility by the ( iarden of Eden." Our reviling rivals were informed that people, not nature made the county; and that if, fortunately, the intelligent, enterpris- ing people of Riley county had settled among them, i heir county would have been made the thing of beauty that ours is.

A number of gentlemen, and some

Bismarck Fair Report.

13

of the beauty of this locality, industri- ously circulated a brief description of the blue ribbon county, so that its loca- tion, topography, advantages and wants are to-day at the firesides of the Whole country. ' That one of the prime motives of the projectors will attain its full fruition is already evidenced by the numerous letters received, asking the price of land, and seeking- other channels for investment in our midst.

A correspondent of the Kansas City Journal, in the course of a full descrip- tion of the display, says :

When it is remembered that Riley county is eighty miles west of l'>i>- marck Grove, the enterprise of its citi- zens must be commended for a display so varied and large that there are still unopened forty crates of fruit, twenty crates of grain, there being no need of a larger display than that already opened.

The credit of the whole of this splen- did exhibit is largely due to the 151ue and Kansas Valley Agricultural Socie- ty, of which W. C. Johnston is Secre- tary.

Full justice could not be done to the Riley county exhibit without a more extended notice of their superior entries of stock. The splendid showing which this county has made at this fair will do much toward bringing in the immi- gration which they so greatly desire.

The Blue and Kansas Valley Agri- cultural Society, which was mainly instrumental in working up their fine exhibit, is composed of an energetic number of men who are determined that the manifold advantages of their section of country shall be made known, and its unbounded resources developed. They want thousands of farmers and stock raisers to settle in their county, where land is compar- atively cheap, where their unlimit- ed water power offers facilities for fac- tories of various kinds. Their exhibit of farm products and of fruit bear witness to the truthfulness of their claim, as to their fruit and grain raising capabili- ties. But their special ambition is to place themselves first in rank as stock raisers.

A correspondent of the Chicago In-

ter-Ocean commences a three-column

description of Riley county as follows :

Much has been said, through the press and by railway advertising, in regard to the wonders of Kansas as a grain and stock-producing State. Of- ten, very often, the articles were pen- ned by men who were by no means familiar with their subject, and rather

overstepped the limits of truth in their vivid but interesting descriptions.

Now, it is not fiction, however plaus- ible it may be, that the immigrating public want regarding this or any oth- er State, but facts garnered with care, verified by actual observation, and au- thenticated by individual research. Such will your correspondents endeav- or to give in the following review of Riley county, which, everything con- sidered, is the p 'i-i' of any county in the State for the investment of capital or the establishment of a western home.

A glance at the map will show the admirable situation of this beautiful tract of land. In the very center of the two great valleys of the State — the Kansas and the Blue— but little over one hundred miles west of (he Missouri, possessing within its limits the land most suitable for agriculture and stock producing, a never-railing water pow- er, creeks, springs and brooks, the finest quality of limestone in the State, a good material for brick, and many advantages yel to Ik- enumerated, it is but little wonder that her energetic people

CAKKIKI) AWAY Till: PREMIUM

offered by the Western National Fair Association, at their first annual fair, held at Bismarck Grove, Lawrence, for the most complete display of the prod- ucts of a county in agriculture, stock, minerals, building materials, etc.

All visitors at the great exhibition of 1^7';, at Philadelphia, will remember with what wonder they gazed at the excellent display of tiie agricultural and mineral products of this great State; but when we noted the "pre- mium exhibit mentioned, and had the pleasure of visiting daily their fair this week, and seeing added to the above their magnificent herds of thorough- bred stock, we concluded that those who admired the Centennial display only compassed a part of the sources of wealth to Kansas.

Many other counties have as rich soil as ours, but none richer. Some have less bluff land, but they do not have our splendid stone. None are healthier, and some less so — especially in the southern part of the State. And the history of the past seems to estab- lish the .fact that, in the superior char- acter of our population we more than make up for all supposed deficiencies.

In the pages which follow the special characteristics of Riley county will be

14

Location, Water Courses, Etc.

set forth, and the attention of all seek- ing hornes in the west is called to them. Care has been taken

NOT TO EXAGGERATE.

It is not claimed that this is a Para- dise. It is not true here that "if you tickle the earth with a hoe it will laugh with a harvest." It takes labor, aud a great deal of it, to secure a crop. The farmer who wants to make money by sitting in bis easy chair, should buy a ticket for Utopia instead of Manhattan — but those who are satisfied with a fair return for well directed effort will do well to "look at our lands before purchasing elsewhere."

LOCATION.

Riley county is bounded on the north by Pottawatomie, Marshall and Wash- ington counties, on the west by Clay and Davis, on the south by Davis and Wabaunsee, and on the east by Wa- baunsee and Pottawatomie. It is lo- cated about one hundred miles west of the Missouri river, and is the second county south of the Nebraska line. As near as can be ascertained, it is the ge- ographical center of the United States, and is therefore justly entitled to the appellation "Hub of the Universe," which has been arrogantly appropriated by a town on the coast of Massachu- setts called Boston.

WATER COURSES.

The Kansas river, the second largest in the State, runs through the southern portion of the county; the Big Blue rjver — the largest stream of clear water in the State— separates it from Potta- watomie county on the east; Swede, Fancy, Baldwin, Mill, Tuttle, and Pfeil creeks flow into the Big Blue; Deep, Wild Cat, Seven Mile, Three Mile and McDowell creeks empty into the Kansas; and Timber creek runs in- to Davis county and the Republican river. Nearly all of these streams have branches, and there is no quarter section from which one of them cannot be reached by a few mil's travel. Springs are abundant, and well water is obtained in most cases at a depth of about twenty-six feet on the river bot-

toms, and from thirty to eighty feet on the uplands.

ELEVATION AND AREA.

Manhattan City is 926 feet above the level of the sea, and the highest hills in the county exceed this some- thing over two hundred feet. The county contains 394,880 acres of land, of which between 75,000 and 100,000 are under cultivation. The State Board of Agriculture estimates the bottom lands at twenty per cent and the upland at eighty per cent. There is not an acre of swamp land in the county.

CHARACTER, SURFACE, SOIL, ETC.

Along the Kansas and Big Blue rivers and Fancy creek are broad belts of nearly alluvial land, varying from half a mile to four miles in width. Along the smaller streams the width of bottom land is considerably less, and it chminishes as they are ascended.

THESE BOTTOM LANDS

must be seen to be appreciated. No mere sketch can do them justice. The late lamented N. C. Meeker, the founder of the Greeley (Colorado) Colony said, some years ago, that there was not an- other valley in the world, of the same size, which, in point of beauty and ag- ricultural wealth, could compare with the valley of the Kansas river. It is the boast of Riley county that a goodly proportion of her territory is of these and similar unsurpassed bottoms. On the east, the Big Blue river passes to the north along almost the entire length of the county ; on the south it is inter- sected east and west by the Kaw val- ley ; the north and south centers of the county are again intersected by beauti- ful valleys of the Fancy and Wild Cat creeks respectively, and their tributa- ries, while the valleys of numerous smaller streams cut the county in many different directions. But we do not wish to be understood as asserting that these bottom lands are in any marked decree superior to I he upland prairies. We are simply presenting the matter as it strikes the immigrant and visitor; hut it is only justice to say that there Is not a single point of advantage

Character of Soil, Etc.

15

claimed for the "bottoms" which is not as strongly claimed for the upland prairies.

THE SOIL

of the bottom lands varies greatly in depth, as does its chemical composi- tion and physical characters. This soil— meaning by this term the dark, friable, superficial stratum or strata, largely of organic origin, to which this term is generally applied— is often ten and fifteen feet in depth, and some- times no more than two or three feet ; but, most commonly perhaps, it over- lays the subsoil to the depth of four to six feet. But the chemical and physical character of this soil deserves more particular mention. Let it be under- stood that our Kansas soils, are not of that greasy, pasty character peculiar to the Illinois and Indiana prairies, which soon reduces sidewalks, fences and even houses to the somber color of the soil. Our Kansas soils while very rich in decomposed organic matter, are abundantly supplied with mineral ele- ments, sand and clay, to say nothing of the rarer minerals, which makes them really strong loam lands rather than muck. A chemical analysis of these soils, made some time ago at our Agricultural College, shows them to be peculiarly rich in those rare elements of fertility, potash and phosphoric acid, the proportions of these often being two or three times greater than those ordinarily found in the best eastern soils. In proof of the wondrous fert i 1 i- ty of these soils we need only cite to the practical farmer the fact that, after they have been farmed twenty or more years, according to a system which has for its object simply and alone, to draw from the soil the largest possible crops without replacing it with any form of fertilizer, the idea of manuring has not yet forced itself upon the farmer. In some cases a predominance of sand gives looseness to these bottom lands ; in others they are tough and tenacious, from the presence of clay, and again it is often difficult to distinguish which of these elements predominates. They are nearly always well drained, and

consequently hold their moisture in the hydroscopic form, and resist the effects of drouth in a manner quite be- yond the comprehension of those who have had no experience in farming in Kansas. For the production of the great staple— corn— they are nowhere excelled, and the only wonder is that their improvement has not gone on with even greater rapidity than it ha 3.

THE UPLAND PRAIRIES.

These bottoms are flanked on either side- by bluffs that are sometimes both rocky and precipitous, and it is a com- mon mistake of writers ami those not fa- miliar with the country, to suppose that all the land back from the Btreams is of this character. In actual fact these bluff lands usually extend but a short distance, and, as one | awa y from

the streams, they rapidly give place to smooth and level or gently undulating prairies, the very perfection of farming lands; so that our bluff lands, while occupying a very prominent position in the landscape when the observer is traveling along the Kansas Pacific railway or the water courses, in reality cover an inconsiderable portion of the country. These bluff lands, however, are far from being wast lands; they are covered during the summer season with the sweetest and most nutritious grasses, excellent springs of the best water burst from their sides at frequent intervals, and the well wooded ravines which frequently intercept them fur- nish the most perfect shade and shelter for domestic animals. The day is not far distant when the bluff lands of Pvdey county will be occupied to the last rod as pastures— excepting the por- tions devoted to orchards and vine- yards.

The soil of the uplands is similar to that of the bottoms, with the exception that it generally contains more clay and less sand. Crops on the high lands are less often injured by frosts than are those on the low lands, and are also less often damaged by the wet spell3 that sometimes afflict even Kansas. They, however, suffer more from drouth and winds.

16

Value of Land.

VALUE OF LAND.

River bottom lands can be purchased at from $8 to $40 an acre, but it is safe t<> say that, within ten years, they will command from $50 to $150 an acre. First class upland can now be pur- chased at from $3 to $20 an acre, and bluff land at from SI. 25 to $8. All of this land is rising rapidly in value and much of it will soon quadruple in price. There is also a small quantity of bluff' land still open to entry under the Homestead law. We do not, however, advise non-residents to buy land here or elsewhere, simply as a matter of speculation. Fortunes are sometimes made in that way, but, as a matter of fact, take the nation over, much more has been lost than made. Landed property, like all other kinds, needs the constant oversight of the owner. The "speculator's" land is very apt to be robbed of its timber, fencing, etc., unnecessarily cut up with roads, as- sessed at high rates for taxation, and, in case of litigation, the sympathy of the community is against the " foreign laud shark." But the actual farmer avoids many of these dangers, and, be- sides obtaining an income from year to year, can in tbis section at least, be sure of an increase in the salable val- ue of bis property, during the next few years, thai will be so much extra gain

amounting to from one hundred to

one thousand per cent on his original investment.

k.\i:m CROPS. Corn — Is the staple product of this section of Kansas. In this part of the Stale it is a sure crop. Of course, it does better some years than others, but even in 1860, the most disastrous season ever known here, some fanners made about half a crop. Willi fair cultiva- tion the yield taking the seasons through— averages from thirty to sixty bushels to the acre. It sometimes goes as high as eighty bushels, and has been reported as high as one hundred. Choiceland, with really good cultiva- tion, will average from fifty to eighty bushels to the acre.

Wheat— Does fairly well on new

ground for two or three years — produc- ing from fifteen to thirty bushels to the acre. After that it is generally consid- ered an uncertain crop, but we have a • few farmers who raise good crops al- most every year.

Pi/e—ls a sure crop, and yields well, but is sown mainly for fall and spring pasturage — for which purpose it is gaining in favor.

Oats — Vary greatly. Some succeed with them admirably while others do not. We put them down as, at present, an uncertain crop.

Barley — Often yields a large crop, but it is hard to save it in a first class condition.

Buckwheat— Does, well, usually, when the curing season is favorable, but there is not a great deal raised.

Tame Grasses — In consequence of the abundance of the native " blue stem " covering the unbroken prairie, which makes excellent hay, but little attention has been paid to tame grasses, until within a few years. Hungarian and millet both do well, and a large quantity is now raised. Alfalfa and orchard grass also do well, and Prof. Shelton, of the Agricultural College, has had good success with red clover. We incline to the opinion that if our native meadows were top dressed, occa- sionally, they would yield more hay than do most tame grasses.

Irish Potatoes — Are in quality from fair to very fine. During favorable seasons they yield heavily, but the late varieties are considered uncertain. It all depends on the weather— the rain- fall.

Sweet Potatoes— Axe a good quality for this far north, and yield well, and the crop seldom fails.

Sorghum— Is a sure crop, and quality good. The Impetus lately given to sorghum by the success of the attempt to make sugar from it has been felt in this vicinity, and the quantity raised is increasing rapidly.

Broom Corn — Is another sure crop, immense < plant it ies of which are raised farther west.

Agricultural Products.

17

Tobacco — Does well, but not much is raised.

Castor beans, hemp, artichokes, and a great number of other articles have yielded well for a crop or two, but have not been tested sufficiently for us to feel like making any positive state- ments in regard to them.

Silk. — The mulberry tree is a native and does well, and silk worms are re- markably healthy and productive. No one here has gone into silk raising as a business, but the experiments made prove that it can be done successfully. In Franklin county, a Frenchman, named M. deBossiere has, for several years, made it profitable. He says that Kansas ought to become a great silk producer.

VEGETABLES AND MELONS.

Y< <l< tables. — Cabbages, tomatoes, on- ions, turnips, he-is, squashes, i plaid, pie plant, cucumbers, pea-, beans, celery, radishes, carrots, pars- nips, sage, and a great variety of other kinds, do well in good seasons.

Melons. — Watermelons, musk mel- ons, nutmeg melons, cantaloupes, etc., usually do well, and are of fine quality.

FBUITS.

Nearly all the fruits usually grown in this latitude, do well in Riley county. We sometimes have hit" frosts in the spring that greatly injure the fruit crop, hut it is very seldom, if ever, that all kinds are destroyed by frost in the same season. Many people plant fruit trees and gel little or no fruit, and then blame the country when they are themselves at fault for not taking care of the trees.

Al>[>lt s — Grow thriftily and bear pay- bag crops when varieties are planted that are suited to our climate. Some of the best varieties are: for summer, Early Harvest, Caroline, Red June, American Summer Pearmain and Sweet June; autumn, Maiden's Blush, Lowell, Fameuse and Gramar's Pearmain ; winter, Rawles' Genet, Winesap, White Winter Pearmain, Jonathan, Ben Davis and Domine.

Pears — Have not proved as profitable as apples, being more liable to be killed

by frosts in spring, but a few varieties, as the Bartlett, Louise, Bonne de Jer- sey, Flemish Beauty and Seckel often yield good crops, and are well worth planting.

Peaches — Grow well and yield large crops about two years out of five, or when not killed by cold weather.

Plums. — The Miuer and some varie- ties of our wild plums are well worth cultivating. The liner kinds of gar- den plums are not generally satisfac- tory.

Cherries. — Early Richmond, English Morello, ami others of the Morello fam- ily are grown to a considerable extent.

Grapes. — Almost sure to yield pay- ing crops every year. Very seldom an entire failure. Among the best vari- eties for general cultivation are Con- cord, Dracut, Amber, Hartford, Dela- ware and Catawba,

Strawberries — If thoroughly culti- vated through the season and protected by a Light mulch in winter, usually yield paying crops. The kinds tl have generally given satisfaction are Hovey's Seedling, Wilson's Albany, Charles Downing, and Kentucky.

Blackberries. — The Kittatinny and Snyder have proved hardy and good.

Raspberries. — of the blackcaps, the Mammoth Chester and Doolittle have proved hardy and good, and Davison's Thornless does well when in protected situation-. The Turner does the best of the red varieties.

Gooseberries. — Only seedlings of our native gooseberries, as Houghton and Pale Red, or American Seedling, have proved worthy of cultivation. • Currants. — Our summers are rather hot and dry for currants, but if planted on the north or east side of a stone fence, will often do very well.

Indeed, it can be safely said that al- most all kinds of small fruits do well.

GENERAL REFLECTIONS.

In regard to agricultural crops, veg- etables, melons, and fruits, it is safe to say, in general terms, that everything does well here that comes to perfection anywhere in the same latitude and al- titude east of the Rocky Mountains, and does not need a humid atmosphere.

18 General Reflections on Crops.

In our specifications we have been timber.

careful to keep within the bounds of The most abundant native woods,

truth and soberness. The usual cus- are: Cottonwood, oak, elm, black wal-

tom is to claim the largest and best nut, soft maple, hackberry, box elder,

crops as a fair average, but we do not hickory, locust, ash, linn, coffee bean,

care to deceive any one by raising false sycamore and mulberry — about in the

expectations, and have erred, if at all, order mentioned. These, and many

in underrating, rather than overstating' other varieties, grow very rapidly, and

the yield and quality of crops. Riley any one who buys a prairie claim, can,

county is not a garden of Eden, but witbin a very few years, have all the

farming, properly attended to, by those wood he wants, provided he will spend

who understand it, has been profitable a little labor in planting trees — or tree

in the past, and, for reasons given fur- seeds — and protecting them until they

ther on, will be more so in the future, get a good start. In three years stove

It is but fair, however, to add that a wood can be raised, and in five years,

large proportion of the failures of the some varieties will be as big as a man's

past twenty years have been the result leg.

of a slipshod style of farming ; of un- meteorological. dertaking to do something without Our winters are usually mild. About anything to do it with ; reckless ex- oue year in ten ice does not form more travagance ; and of efforts to farm by tnau tnree inches thick, but, most sea- men Vho know nothing about the sons, there are one or two spells during business. Many men try to cultivate which ice from four to seven inches from sixty to one hundred acres apiece, tnick can be housed. The heat of suin- and invariably raise less, especially in nier is tempered by breezes from the unfavorable seasons, than they would mountains, and sultry nights especial- if they did not spread themselves over ty are rare- During much of the so much land. Some, with no money, spring and autumn, the temperature is stock or tools, and with but little ex- rea11^ delightful. ^ It has a soothing perience in roughing it, have gone onto and, at tne saiue time, exhilarating in- bare land, and undertaken to farm nuence on the human system that can- with bare hands. Others spend all not be described, and must be felt to their profits and more on expensive be appreciated. The unenjoyable fea- machines, to remain exposed to all tures of the climate are the liability to kinds of weather, until they rotor rust sudden changes, and the strong spring out. Another class "want to own all and fall winds. It is the almost uni- out doors," and consequently have no versa! testimony of those who have money to invest in stock, the raising lived here a year, that we have a really of which is the most profitable branch delightful climate, and it is certainly of forming. And still another class, not surpassed anywhere east of the (and a large one, too) the members of Rocky mountains. The meteorological which do nol know a plow from a cul- record kept at the State Agricultural tivator, do1 only undertake to make a College snows that, during the past living by farming, but refuse to learn twenty years, the temperature for the anything excepl by experience; and different months has been as follows : when they have failed, either curse January ^'o'-/^1'1'"

Kansas, or go around growling that February 32.1U

"farming doesn't pay." Here, as ev- Marcti 41.54

erywhere else, urn need nol expect to April ooM)

,. . . f ,., May oo.Ul

succeed unless they understand their June.. I'dtfd

business, and conduct it upon business July ?y.4u

principles. Here, as everywhere else, August H.'JA

the most successful farmer is the man fctepcember 67.5U

, . , , , . , , October 06A6

who uses lus head as much as his hands. JNovembcr... ...4U.i!7

December 2»,JJ7

Meteorological.

19

Kansas has the reputation of being a drouthy country, and it is true that we have a dry atmosphere with a smaller annual rainfall than some other sec- tions, but there is not as much differ- ence as most people imagine. As has been stated, our soil does not suffer from drouth as much as that in most other States, and our greatest rainfall

comes when it is most needed. Prof. Failyer, of the Agricultural College, has kindly furnished us the follow- ing table, giving the rainfall during each month for fourteen years past, as shown by the records at the College, to- gether with the average for twenty years — including the terrible year of 1860:

RAINFALL BY MONTHS.

	1867	1868	1869 1.15 1.17 L.06 2.20 1.12 S.N.', 6.27 2.43 1.83 .43 1.19 .:>■>	1870 .05 1.45	1871	1872 .13 .48 .92 2.06	1873	1874	1875	1876 ls77 1878	1879 18S0 Av'ge.
March	.65 2.01 .63 2.44 3.59 5.65 5.42 .70 3.50 .91 .411 .57	.30 .is .93 1.96 1 38 3.46 4.70 ' 5.72 2.51 2.17 .81	.53 2.4* 1.02 3.90	.87 .30 .71 L.67 8.54 7.7s 2. si l.r.i 1 .85 L20 .82 1.67	.50 1.2 30 ri 2.98 4.31 .is .25 1.53 S~.ll .67	.22 .-7 1.11 1.60 •J. Hi	46 2.35 .65 .HI 1.44 3.96 2.70 1.77 7.52 4.08 2.02	.75 .56 05 50 3.21 1.0S	.71 .97 1.14 -.77
May	.".."7 6.81 .7'J 2.05 1.73 2.98 5-031 8.92	5.73 7.90 4.06 1.79 3.74 4.60 6.76 5.02 8.48 3.92 5.65 4.16 12.71 4.91 3.78	4.11 4.49
	4.S-J
August October November December	5.21 1.57 5.06 .13 .45	4.25 1.92 L.20 1.96 .35	5.32 5.7(i 2.76 ".95 35.78	1.40 2.85 1.04 .34 .7s	8.76 2. 7s 2.66 1.61 8.51 3.11 1.52 3.22 1.30 2.52 1.61 9.(17 1.06 2.63 2.20 1.75 1.90 1.98 7.83 1.97 .. . 1.55 .91 .62	3.28 3.27 2.13 1.66 .90
	26.50	24.12	21.19	29.76	32.89	18.66 17.96 43.34 43.79 39.11 36.13

The year 1875 was much dryer in the immediate vicinity of Manhattan than in any other portions of the State.

It has long been the prevalent opin- ion that the amount of rainfall increases with the increase of the settlements, but this we are inclined to doubt. It is, however, unquestionably true that it is more evenly distributed— that is, there are more frequent, but lighter, rains. Because of this fact, and the increased amount of plowed land, a much greater proportion of the rain soaks into the ground, and the springs and small streams do not go dry as often as formerPy. The experience of the eastern States that are being de- nuded of their timber is exactly re- versed here, and, as more orchards and shade trees are planted every year, and the area of cultivated land is constant- ly increasing, it is safe to assume that the climatic conditions will continue to improve in the future.

LIVE STOCK.

All the counties west of Riley have a herd law, and, in consequence, are not so well adapted for stock raising. More native cattle are shipped from Manhattan, than from any other point

on the Kansas Pacific railroad,"" and this interest is steadily increasing. Our farmers are devoting themselves more and more extensively to the rais- ing and feeding of stock, and it will not be many years before we will buy more stuck food than we sell. Many of the highest priced beef cattle bought in the Kansas City market have been purchased from Riley county.

PACKING HOUSE NEEDED.

In this connection we wish to say that there is no better point in the country than Manhattan for the estab- lishment of a large packing house, to run summer and winter, and pack both cattle and hogs. An immense number of animals are raised in this immediate vicinity, and we have direct railroad connection with all the sources of sup- ply as well as the various markets. Ice, labor, and everything else that is needed, can be procured in abundance at low rates.

THOROUGHBRED CATTLE.

The raising of first class beef cattle is very profitable, but blooded stock is more so. Our farmers are rapidly dis- carding scrubs, and confining them- selves to grades and thoroughbreds,

20

A Thoroughbred Stock Center.

and there are now so many breeders of note in this vicinity that, everywhere, Manhattan is recognized as

"the blooded stock center" of Kansas. M ;ssrs. Bill & Burnhani, C. E. Allen, A. W. Rollins, C. M. Gifford, Wm. P. Higinbotham, J. J. Mails, C. E. Mails, J. J. Lovcll, Geo. T. Poison, J. C. Neal, Ex-Gov. N. Green, Short Bros., (Jen. Casement, E. Huse, S. A. Sawyer, \V. Marlatt, the Agricultural College, Hon. Welcome Wells ami other breeders, have estab- lished such a reputation that stock in n from other parts of the State are preparing to locate in this neighbor- hood, because of the well known fact thai, where the most and best breeders live, there the larg ist number and best buyers go. Blooded stock is now ship- 1> sd from this enmity to all parts of Kansas as well as to Colorado, Texas, .Missouri and other States, and the de- mand exceeds the supply. The most of our herds are small but they are rapidly increasing in size. There is, however, still room tor a hundred or two more breeders. Such a concentra- tion would bring a more than corres- ponding supply of purchasers, and thus increase the profits of all. En consid- ering the advantages of this county for stock raising purposes, the fact that the State Agricultural College is located here must not he overlooked. It does much to elevate the tone and aspira- tions of farmers hereabouts; the Pro- fessors are of greal service, in the way of giving information and advice on mooted points, and every studentcar- ries hom i with him glowing reports of the stock he has seen. Attention is also called to our railroad advantages for shipping purpo The most of

our thoroughbred cattle are shorthorns

some of which are of the finest strains and there are also a tew .Jer- a rys, Devons, Galloways and Holsteins. It se una to us thai more attention should be paid to the latter breeds and I he Mr Tonis, Ayreshires, etc. No one bre d |i issessi a all i be good points, and, as thorough br 'I stock increases in popularity, the demand tnusl increase

for all breeds especially fitted for certain purposes.

SWINE.

There are few States in the Union whose hogs are as uniformly good as are those of Kansas. It is a common remark of traveling men that they have not seen a poor hog in the State. In swine, as in cattle, Riley county is far ahead of all competitors. At the great fairs, at Bismarck Grove, Kansas < !ity, Topeka and elsewhere, our exhib- itors generally carry away the most of the premiums. Nearly, if not all of the cattle breeders heretofore named also raise pure blooded hogs, and there are many others besides. The races are Berkshires, Poland-Chinas, Chester Whites, Essex, New Jersey Reds, etc., but the first two largely predominate. There seems to be no end to the demand. And, in view of the superior healthfull- ness of Kansas stock, we feel confident that our hogs will always command the highest prices.

horses and muees. The climate of Kansas is unsurpassed for the production of first class horses and mules. Our dry, bracing atmos- phere is just what is needed to develop muscle and lung power, and it has al- ways been noted that, in this State, horses arc unusually free from disease. Unfortunately, when Kansas was first settled, Indian ponies were so cheap that they came into general use, and Long delayed the introduction of larger breeds. Of late, however, the improve- ment of our horse stock has been quite rapid. Good stallions are now becom- ing common, and a few men are col- lecting fine brood mares for the purpose of making a business of horse raising. Gen. .1. S. Casement (one of the Case- ment brothers who ironed the Union Pacific railroad ) has a large farm near .Manhattan thai he is stocking tor this purpose; and others are talking of do- ingthesame thing. It costs no more to raise a horse, after it is foaled, than an ox ; and it can be sold for double the money. When carried on by those who understand it, the business must be exceedingly profitable, and we feel

Hows and Mnl< s.

21

confident that it is Wound to develop very rapidly. Already horses have been purchased in this vicinity to lit' shipped to England, and the time is not far distant when Kansas horses will become noted the world over, for sound- ness, speed and endurance. We urge educated horsemen to investigate this matter, with perfect assurance that they must become satisfied that no other section offers equal advantages to this for the raising of No. 1 horses and mules.

SHEEP.

As yet, Kansas has not gone largely into sheep, and this industry basbeen somewhat in disrepute, because of the fact that a Dumber who tried it failed. But, in every such instance that we know of, the loss was occasioned by the fact that unaoclimated sheep were brought here by men who knew no- thing about them, and then turned loose, without shelter, ami sometimes without food, to winter themselves as best they could. Whenever properly selected and attended, to sheep have done remarkably well, as will be tes- tified to by the Winkler Brothers, of AVinkler's Mills, Geo. Lyle, Riley Center, W. F. Vance, Grant 1'. <>., li. A. Stiles, Pavilion, and others. As yet, they have been attacked by no dis- ease except -cab, which is easily cured. The dreaded foot rot, and mouth and lung diseases are unknown. Sheep increase with wonderful rapidity, twins being common, and triplets not un- usual. Those who make it a business say there is more profll in sheep than in any other kind of stock, and the number of flocks is steadily increasing. To those who understand and like sheep — and are willing to give them the care they need — we say unhesitat- ingly, you can make as much money in that husiness here as in any other locality on the continent. |POTJLTBY.

All kinds of poultry do well in Kan- sas, and quite a number of gentlemen in and about Manhattan are devoting themselves to the introduction of im- proved breeds. There is, however, still

room for more, especially in the line of turkeys, geese and ducks. During the greater part of the year, poultry and eggs bring good prices, and the rapid development of the mountain mining region causes the demand to increase foster than the supply. More attention should be paid to this department, for there are few things that are more profitable. The raising of poultry should be promoted to the dignity of a regular business, instead of being treated as an insignificant adjunct of farming. Even with the small atten- tion paid to it, the export of eggs and poultry from Riley county i« immense —and rapidly increasing.

BEES.

During the past few years bees have been introduced, and have been re- markably successful. The swarms in- crease rapidly, are very healthy, and alnady honey, of good quality has be- come an article of export.

STONE AM) LIME.

The bluffs that skirt the Big Blue river, and also those on either side of the Ka for a few miles east and

west of Manhattan, contain the hand- somest and best stone in the State. It is a magnesian limestone of a beautiful grayish white color, and is easily worked. D retains its original color well, does not crumble, and will take a high polish. Some of it that has been in buildings for twenty years, has un- dergone absolutely no change. It is found in layers of from two to thirty- six inches thick, crops out along the sides of the bluffs, and sometimes covers their tops. It is largely used for building and fencing, and a consid- erable quantity is shipped to points east as far as Kansas City, Mo., and west as far as Salina. No county in the State has as much stone fence as Riley — and as our ground never heaves, these fences when properly put up last for ages. There are also more stone houses in Riley county, in proportion to its population, than in any other county.

Superior lime is made in this county, and large quantities are shipped from

22

Stone and Lime.

Manhattan. In addition to the com- mon article, a finishing lime is also made, that is equal to the best Alton lime. This business is steadily increas- ing, and bids fair to become an impor- tant item.

OUR RAILROAD SYSTEM.

After all that can be said against railroads and their management has been admitted, the fact still remains that they are a good thing. Indeed, they may be said to have become a ne- cessity. Many illusions in relation to them have been rudely dispeled of late ; they are cursed from early morn, 'till dead of night, but, nevertheless, no one would consent to their annihilation. The great problem before the people to- day is how to deprive their managers of their power for evil without too great- ly diminishing their capacity for good — but that is a subject we shall discuss in The Nationalist, not here. In most sections of the Union, at the present time, there is absolutely

NO SUCH THING AS COMPETITION

between railroads. Occasionally there is a fight, for a short period, between two or more roads, but it is usually to "compel a division," or to enable a strong concern to cripple or. gobble a weaker rival. In Kansas that phase is about passed. All our roads are now controled by two combinations, viz : the Jay Gould syndicate and the Atch- ison, Topeka & Santa Fe combination ; but

EACH OP THEM

has a road in Riley county— and what- ever benefits can flow from that fact will accrue to us now, and will contin- ue to do so, for each one of these syndi- cates controls hundreds of millions of capital, and can neither be broken down nor swallowed by the other. We have no railroad center, but one of our roads passes through and the other terminates at Manhattan. These lines are both in the southern pari of the county, but the Junction City & Fort Kearney road runs near the western boundary, the Central Branch of the Missouri Pacific near the nor! hern line, and the Kansas Central terminates at

Garrison, just across the eastern line. About one-half of our people live with- in five miles of a depot ; three-fourths within ten miles, and nineteen-twenti- eths within fifteen miles. When the Manhattan, Alma & Burlingame road is extended up the Blue (as it certain- ly will be before long) none of our farmers will be twelve miles from a depot. The combination of various roads under one management

HAS ITS ADVANTAGES

as well as disadvantages. They can be run more cheaply and can, and some- times will, do a portion of their busi- ness at less rates than they could under the old plan ; rolling stock can be in- terchanged more easily and thus some- times vexatious delays be prevented ; and freight and passengers that pass over two lines can often be transferred with less difficulty and delay. Indeed, it makes all the connected lines virtual extensions, with the exception that a change of cars may be necessary. The roads running out of Manhattan, or running in connection with them, pass through

EVERY COUNTY IN THE STATE

that has any considerable settlement, except Lincoln. The Gould roads pass through forty-seven counties, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe roads through forty-three counties. Ofir bus- iness men thus have unsurpassed facil- ities for reaching all parts of the State, with their products, or to buy from others. Moreover, each set of these roads connects with a network of other lines running in every direction and connecting us with all parts of the Union. The lines controled by what is known as

'I'll i: GOULD SYNDICATE

comprise three vast combinations, viz:

1. The Wabash, St. Louis A Pacific, which owns an intricate system of lines from Toledo, ( )hio, to t lie Missouri river and connects with Gould's Kansas roads, hut does not enter the State.

2. The Union /><«■///<■, from Omaha, Neb., to Ogden, Utah Territory. It has three lines in Kansas, viz ; the St. Joseph and Western, that leaves the

The Gould Syndicate.

23

main line at Grand Inland, and runs through Washington, Marshall, Nem- aha, Brown and Doniphan counties on the northern line of the State, to St. Joseph, Missouri ; the Kansas Central (narrow gauge) that runs from Leavenworth, through Jefferson, Jack- son and Pottawatomie counties, to < Har- rison on the Blue — eighteen miles north of Manhattan; and the Kansas Divis- ion, which leaves the main line at Chey- enne, Wyoming Territory, and runs, via Denver, Colorado, through Central Kansas, to Kansas City and Leaven- worth. It runs through Wallace, Gove, Trego, Ellis, Russell, Ellsworth, Saline, Dickinson, Davis, Riley, Potta- watomie, Shawnee, Jefferson, Leaven- worth, and Wyandotte counties. Its Carboudale branch runs from Law- rence, Douglas county, through Shaw- nee to Carbondale, Osage county, and will ultimately be extended westward, to some point on the main line. The Junction City «fe Fort Kearney branch runs from Junction City, twenty miles west of Manhattan, through Davis and Clay counties, to Concordia, in Cloud county. The Solomon Branch runs from Solomon City, eighty-four miles west of Manhattan, through Ottawa Co., to Beloit, in Mitchell Co. Both of these branches connect with the Cen- tral Branch of the Missouri Pacific. From Salina, ninety-seven miles west of Manhattan, another branch runs south to McPherson, in McPherson Co., and will some day be extended to the south line of the State. The Union Pacific also has three branches in Nebraska, one running three or four hundred miles from Ogden, Utah, is being rapid- ly pushed forward to Helena, Montana Territory, and another is under way for Portland, Oregon. Negotiations are also pending for the consolidation of the Union Pacific, Central Pacific and Southern Pacific of California.

3. The Missouri Pacific, which runs from St. Louis, via Kansas City, Leav- enworth and Atchison to St. Joseph, Mo., has lately purchased several Kan- sas roads, viz : The Central Branch Di- vision of the Missouri Pacific which runs from Atchison through Nemaha, Mar- shall, Washington, Cloud, Mitchell,

Osborne, Smith nnd Phillips counties, with branches into Washington, Re- public and Jewell counties. A branch from Holden, Missouri, runs through Miami county to Ottawa, and is to be extended to Burlingame or Topeka, or both. From Sedalia, Missouri, a branch of the Missouri, Kansas and Texas railroad runs, via Fort Scott, to Parsons, in Labette county, where it connects with the main line that runs from Junction City — twenty miles from Manhattan — in a southeasterly direction, through Morris, Lyon, Cof- fey, Woodson, Allen, Neosho and La- bette counties, to Denison, Texas. Arrangements have already been con- summated for extending it to a connec- tion with the Southern Pacific and also to Laredo, on the Rio Grande, and probably to the city of Mexico itself. The M., K. & T., and its branches, are now called the Kansas and Texas Di- vision of the Missouri Pacific.

The above is a mere outline of some of the principal roads controled by these vast combinations, all of which are run in harmony with each other. There is n > jarring or rivalry between them, for they are all controled by the same master mind.

THE A., T. & S. F. COMBINATION.

The Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Company was organized under the laws of Kansas, and commenced business with a road about sixty miles long, from Topeka to Emporia. It has gone on building with steadily increas- ing rapidity, and is now probably the second largest railroad combination in the world. Its main line runs from A tchison and Kansas City, via Tope- ka, to Pueblo, Colorado, and El Paso, in the Rio Grande Valley, on the border of Mexico. It has charters from the Mexican government, under which it is building on to the City of Mexico, and Guaymas, on the Gulf of Califor- nia. It has effected a combination with the St. Louis & San Francisco, which has a road in operation from St. Louis to Vinita, Indian Territory, and to Wich- ita, in this State, by which it gets a land grant enabling it to build from a point on its main line in New Mexico to San Francisco, and the purveys are

24

The A., T. & S. F. Combination.

now being prosecuted. In Kansas, its main line runs through or into Atchi- son, Jefferson, * Jackson, Douglas, Shawnee, Osage, Lyon, Chase, Marion, Harvey, Reno, Rice, Barton, Pawnee, Ford, Foote, Sequoyah, Kearney and Hamilton counties. A branch runs from Builingame, in Osage county, through Wabaunsee, to Manhattan, in Biley county. From Emporia a branch runs south, through Greenwood and Elk counties. From Florence a branch runs west, through Marion, McPherson and Rice counties, and another south into Butler county. From Newton, a branch runs south, via Wichita, through Cowley, to the south line of the State, with another branch to Wellington, in Sumner county. This Company is also in friendly relations with the Kansas City, Lawrence and Southern, and the Kansas City, Fort Scott and Gulf roads that run through Johnson, Miami, Franklin, Anderson, Linn, Bourbon, Allen, Neosho, Craw- ford, Cherokee, Labette, Montgomery, Wilson, Chautauqua, Elk, Butler,Cow- ley, Sedgwick, Sumner and Harper counties. The stock of the above named roads and that of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, is owned by sub- stantially the same parties ; and at the date of this writing arrangements are being perfected for their consolidation into one grand company. The Chica- go, Burlington & Quincy folks own a large number of lines in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri and Nebraska, and, within two or three years, this combination will have a continuous line from at least as far east as Chicago to two or three ports on the Pacific. One result certain to

SPEEDILY FOLLOW this expected consolidation of these in- tereste is the extension of the Manhat- tan, Alma <k, Builingame road from Manhattan up the Big Blue river, to Beatrice, where it will conned with i he Nebraska system of the ('., B. & Q. A road-bed is already graded on twenty-eiLihi miles of this route, and six milesof it is ironed. In addition to the general reasons calling for a con- nection of the two systems by a cross

road is the fact that it will give the Nebraska roads a direct line to the nearest coal fields, greatly reduce the cost of running them, keep a cer- tain and lucrative trade, to themselves, and transform an unprofitable branch into a paying road.

OUR REASONS

for going into details about railroad matters, is, that our section offers great advantages for carrying on certain lines of business that require connections with distant markets, and we wish to impress upon all the fact that we can ship east, west and south by direct lines, and soon can to the north also. So long as the present railroad system continues, our section will suffer no more from its defects than every other locality, and when the laws of the land properly limit the power of corpora- tions, we will be benefited as much as others. Under neither system will we be deprived of our advantages, and the only probable change will be a change for the better.

THE BARGE SYSTEM.

During the past few years the system of floating barges, loaded with grain and other heavy and bulky products, down the Mississippi river to New Orleans, has been rapidly developing, and it will ultimately reach enormous proportions. It has also been tried with success on the Missouri river, from Kansas City to St. Louis, and bids fair to soon become an established business. Before the days of railroads, steamboats repeatedly ascended the Kansas river as far as Manhattan, and we are strongly inclined to the opinion that the barge system will someday he applied to the Kansas river, at least as far up as Manhattan. The river is al- ready dammed at Lawrence, for man- Ufacturing purposes, and, within a few years, dams will also lie built at Topeka and other points. This will ensure a sufficiency of water at all times, and, by means of locks at the dams, the river could he easily and safely navi- gated. This is one of t lie possibilities, if not probabilities, of the future, which will give us direct water transporta- tion to the Gulf. The railroad situa-

The Barge System. 25

tion is awakening the country to the healthfulnkss. necessity of improving our water-ways. Kansas is unquestionably a healthful That much will be done is certain, and country, and Riley county is, in this the only question in doubt is as to how respect, surpassed by no other sec- general the movement will become, tion of the State. It is also improving In our judgment, the next twenty-five from year to year, for the malarial dis- years will seethe internal water trans- eases incident to the opening up of a portation of the United States increased new country, are steadily diminishing, from ten to fifty fold, with an almost It is not, however, asserted that Ivan- corresponding increase in the number sas is an earthly Elysium in which of utilized water-ways. "sickness and sorrow, pain and death, <^i ality and cost of buildings. are felt and feared no more." People

t +i„» a,„ ,.; ,.,.i,.,r do get sick here oft ener than thev wish

In consequence of the superior char- "• » , , / „ .

i t f,,,.^,^ i:i„0 to (especially when thev violate all of

acter and cheapness of our stone, lime • •>

i 4-u v„'ii;n„c,!,,BiimT«,„,nh- the laws ot lite) and our cemeteries and sand, the buildings in Riley eoiint\

n • ,.i . , ,,,i +k;0 ;a Qt. prove that thev sometimes die. \\ hat

average well in quality— and this is es- i ,..,-, .. ...

pecially the ease with those ereeted we claim is thai the proportion oJ sick

during the last ten years. The follow- people .and. consequently oi deaths)

J5 ... ,, , ■ 0 f_ is smaller in tin- section than m most

ing figures will enable mechanics to .

f. . +K f „r K„n,i;,wr ;■> \i.,,> other parts of the I mon, and that

estimate the cost oi building m Man- < . '

... - .,, , . _ ,.,. some oi the most fatal and loathsome hattan— and the figures will not var\

,, ° ,. ., ,,„+,.. diseases are either unknown or uncom- mueh in other parts ot the count\ :

nioii here — and that because of the

Excavating for cellars, etc., per yard, $.15(5 .20 rr ., T> . „ .,

Stone-rtelivered-per perch .! .60 .•lunate. Dr. H. S. Roberts, of Man-

Brick-per thousand i^&n'on hattan, late President of the Kansas

Pine lumber— framing— per 1,000 it I8.oofo>i0.oo ,

n ing do 25.00fa40.00 state Medical Association, has fur-

sheeting 'I" i«.00(a Is-"11 . , , ., .. ,, . , , .

siding do is. n.30.00 mshed us the iollowmg statement upon

, *encins ''" «$lwSn this subject, to which we invite care-

Walnul lumber t&.uotg i j

(ink lumber 50.00 ful attention :

Shingles— per thousand . 'i 1.00

Lath do 4.25 In the strict sense of the term, there

Plastermg-includingmaterials-per ^ an. QQ - j,lvVailing diseases" in this

Paintmg— two coat^-inciuding paint locality. The malarial influence, how-

— pervard .12® .io ever, pertains and shows itself with al-

Sand— per load— (about -r> bushels) de- ^ mog1 every affection to a greater or less

erei ' extent, but during no season for a num-

wages. ber of years has there been ague to any

During the past year wages per day considerable extent ; so that life, on our

. 4 <? 11 river bottoms, at the present time, does

have been about as follows : not become equivalent, as formerly, to

Masons and stone cutters ?2.00@2.50 one or more attacks of malarial fever

Masons' helpers l 6o@2'oo eacn ,vear- Of typhoid fever, the

Phfsterers8 2'°° cases are s0 few> ana" those imported, as

Painter- 15^2-25 T<> "lake the general rule that it does

Blacksmiths..... . i.50@|.oo uot exist. While there have been oeca-

Wheelwrights l.50@2ioo sional cases of diptheria, it has never

Two-horse team and man 2.00@2.50 swept as an epidemic. Cases of pneu-

Shoemakers • ••■ 1'50®2"oo moma> erysipelas and spotted fever are

Day laborers 1-25 occasional, but rare. On account of

Nnrses 7.v<ii.oo the altitude and the prevailing dry at-

Seamstresses '--!'! !'^ mosphere, this localitv is attracting,

Washerwomen ii>frt-l.()0 * '- ., , « . . • . °I

Farm hands-^per month I4.oo@l8.oo and should attract, persons in mcipient

House servants— per week i.50@3.oo consumption to a residence, which al-

Millers— per month 50.oo@ioo.oo most certainly means the holding of

Engineers^-per montb so.oo that disea8e iu its tirst stage. For per-

In a few cases, for special reasons, sorig affected with nasal catarrh our

higher and in others lower, wages are winters are usually rather severe, on

paid. Masons can work out of doors account of our having from one to three

prtiu. uj.« epidemics of influenza ; with those

from two-thirds to three-fourths oi not so affected, the attack of influenza

their time. Board in private families is easily thrown off, rarely resulting in

ranges from §3.00 to $4.00 per week. serious disturbance. Diarrhoea and

26

Suicidi and Homicide.

dysentery are easily handled, while Asiatic cholera and small-pox are un- known in our midst.

SUICIDE AND HOMICIDE.

En rji near thousands of eastern peo- ph commit suicidt and scores of thous- ands an killed by tin ir friends. It is well known that the climate of the eas- tern states is almost certain to develop the disease of consumption in all who have a tendency to it ; and that recov- ery from it there is impossible. But, nevertheless, myriads of people who know that the seeds of consumption are in their systems, and that their germination is only a question of time, refuse to heed the teachings of common sense, which command them to seek a home in a climate that strengthens the lungs instead of weakening them. With the chances ten to one against them— and their own lives the stake — they recklessly bet on the exception, or despairingly dig their own graves. To wilfuly close one's eyes so as not to see a danger known to be but a few steps ahead — to deliberately deceive one's self— is idiotic folly ; and to give up without a struggle is cowardice. There is not an honest physician living who will not say to every person with con- sumptive tendencies, "the most sensi- ble course for you to pursue is to re- move to a more congenial climate be- fore the disease begins to develop in you;" but, nevertheless, hundreds of thousands r (fuse t > take the advice, or wait— and wait— and wait — for a more convenient season, that never comes, or

comes too late.

It is bad enough when the lives en- dangered belong t ) the fools who in- sanely take the risk; but, un fortunate- ly, there are millions of helpless women and children who are chained to posts of danger by the husbands and fathers who control their actions. It does not help the matter to say that the victims are not aware of their dan- ger, or do not know that there is a pos- sibility of escape. Tin responsibility rests upon the head of the family, and he cannot shirk it. If, knowing his wife to have a tendency to consump- tion, a husband— because of supposed

pecuniary interests — keeps her where that disease is almost sure to carry her to an untimely grave, when, by a re- moval to another locality, the chances in her favor would be greatly increased, he by that act sells her life for the hope of gain. When a father, knowing that the taint of consumption is in his chil- dren's blood, keeps them where they will be in the most danger, instead of taking them where they will be safest —and does this because he thinks he would lose money, or some other object of desire, by a change— he thereby sells the lives of his children. Of course, most men do not realize this ; but their obtuseuess does not alter the facts. The person who, being able to prolong or save a life committed to his keeping refuses or fails to do so, is responsible before ( Hod for the unnecessary or has- tened death ; and no plea of business interests will change the facts.

FORTUNATELY,

a realization of these truths, and of the folly and wickedness of disregarding them, is gradually permeating the minds of even the most fossilized. In consequence, of late years, people are more generally selecting homes with reference to health ; and of those who are already diseased a still larger pro- portion are removing to localities where their enemy will have the least possi- ble advantage over them.

TO EASTERN CONSUMPTIVES

we say : If you dread cold weather, make Florida your home. Its warm equable climate is just the thing for you. But if, when not sick, you enjoy cool weather, we say unhesitatingly, come to Kansas, and it will do you good. Our dry, bracing atmosphere is very strengthening to the lungs; and, while preserving or recovering health, you can also make money and enjoy life. We cannot, however, leave this branch of the subject without urging those With tendencies to any fatal dis- ease not to ivait until it has developed, cren in its incipient stages. In this matter an ounce of prevention is worth a whole ton of cure. And we wish also to add that we do not charge that New

For Eastern Consumptives.

27

England is, In general, an unhealth- ful section for those whose lungs are sound and in whose families there is no trace of the dread disease.

A BELAY HOUSE.

At present, Colorado is the great central resort for invalids, and its pop- ularity will increase as years roll by. Many, however, are injured by going there without making a stop on the way. The elevation is so great that a too sudden transition sometimes results fatally. Invalids would frequently find it much to their advantage to spend a few weeks in Kansas on the way. De- cidedly

THE BEST COURSE

is to come to some such place as Man- hattan, remain a few days or weeks, or months, then purchase a team and trav- el the rest of the distance in easy stages camping out at night. If an agreeable party can be made up and a tent or two procured, so much the better. With your own conveyance you can travel where you please and when you please, and at the end of the season will have saved money, even after having sacri- ficed heavily on the team and camp equipage which should be brought back to the point of departure, for sale.

SANITARIUMS.

There is no better place than Man- hattan, in all Kansas, for the establish- ment of hospitals, hygenic institutes, etc. It is accessible by rail, from all directions ; its climate is good ; it is ele- vated but not too high ; the surround- ing scenery is the most magnificent in the state ; there are fine drives in every direction ; two rivers tempt the boatman and fisherman; there are numerous churches ; and the com- munity is unusually intelligent, moral and cultivated.

MANUFACTURING.

We can well remember when many Kansans, even, laughed at the idea that there would ever be any consider- able amount of manufacturing done in this State. "We have neither water power nor coal, in workable veins," they said, " and, without them, what we do will have to be done by hand and horse power." But they were

mistaken — that is all. Kansas has both, and the day is coming when she will be nearer the front than the rear rank of manufacturing States. And it can be added that, as in most other respects, so in this, Riley is surpassed by none of her sister counties.

WATER POWER.

Josiah Copley, formerly a Regent of the Agricultural College, and now a resident of Pittsburg, Pa., was, we be- lieve, the first one to call attention to the fact that the Kansas, Big Blue and Republican rivers are remarkably constant streams. Even when many of the creeks which flow into them are dry on the surface, the rivers are not greatly reduced in volume— and this is especially true of the Big Blue. Most of our creeks sometimes become entirely dry in places, but the rivers named do not diminish in size as much as do most of those in other States. Two theories are offered in explanation of this fact : 1st, That, during dry weather, the water of the springs and creeks flows beneath instead of above the surface— and it is undoubted- ly the case that some of them do. 2nd, That a portion of the waters of the Platte, in Nebraska, (whose bed is above the level of our Kansas rivers) flow under ground and eventually come again to the surface in the valleys of the Blue and Republican. There are some curious facts to sustain this theory, but whether it is correct or not, it cannot be denied that, for some rea- son, the rivers mentioned are unusu- ally reliable streams.

KANSAS SLOPES

downward to the east, from Fort Riley to the Missouri at the rate of more than two feet to the mile, and the slope from north to south is much more rapid. In both cases the rise increases in rapidity as one travels west or north. All the rivers in Northern Kansas have been dammed, and it has been demon- strated that, when properly built, dams will remain, and that the water does not pass underground around them (as it does in some valleys.) At Law- rence there was a stone bottom half

28

Water Power.

way across, and for the rest of the dis- tance a foundation for the dam had to be made in the river bed ; and the suc- cess of the experiment proves that it will be safe to dam the river wherever there is sufficient fall.

THE KANSAS IN RILEY.

The Kansas river can and will be ilammed at three different places in this county. In Zeandale township, eight miles east of Manhattan, there is a rock bottom nearly across the river, and a considerable fall. Opposit the city of Manhattan there is also a rock bottom one-half way across, and al- though there may be no rock bottom near Ft. Riley, tiie fall would justify a dam. These three dams would secure a fall of forty or fifty feet, and would afford an immense amount of power. THE I5I(f BLUE

was dammed at Rocky Ford, four miles north of Manhattan, fourteen years ago, and a large grist mill has been in operation there ever since. The river can also be dammed at Manhattan, Btockdale, Randolph and Mariadahl, Becuring some fifty or sixty feet fall in all.

Fancy Creek, Wild Cat Creek and I >eep Creek also afford good mill privi- leges.

We are certainly within bounds when we say that Riley and Pottawatomie counties have twice as much water power as any other two counties in Kansas, and it would probably be safe to say three times as much. Three- fourths of it is at or within a few miles of Manhattan, and it is sufficient, if properly utilized, to give employment and support, directly and indirectly, to at least fifty thousand people. We know of no point west of the Missis- sippi liver that will compare with it, and tin- attention of capitalists and manufacturers is earnestly called to this locality.

BITUMINOUS (DAI,. There Ls no coal in workable veins in Riley count v. Two or three mines have been opened in Pottawatomie county, hut it is not yet known wheth- er or not they will pay for working.

At Leavenworth, one hundred and fif- teen miles east, on the Union Pacific railroad, a profitable mine has been worked for several years, and another shaft has been sunk on the grounds of the penitentiary, which will soon fur- nish large quantities for sale. The M. A. & B. R. R. strikes the center of the Osage coal fields at Burlingame, fifty- seven miles southeast from Manhat- tan. The veins in this region range from twenty to forty inches thick, and they supply the bulk of the coal now used in the State. The thickest veins and the best quality of coal are found in the south east corner of the State, and are distant from Riley county, by the Kansas and Texas division of the Missouri Pacific, from one hundred and fifty to two hundred miles.

Some coal is also brought in from Colorado, where seams are found from five to twenty feet thick.

Our coal is of about a medium qual- ity, and, as new veins are constantly being opened indifferent localities, it is certain that we shall uot lack for that uecessary article. Even with an abundance of water power, coal is a necessity, and the fact that we have it in abundance within our reach in three directions, is a gratifying fact. This year the price of Kansas coal, at Man- hattan, has beeu $6.00 a ton, delivered, but it is not probable that these prices will be maintained. It will not be long before the law will prevent railroads from charging their pres- ent extortionate rates of transportation — and then we will have cheap coal.

RAW MATERIALS.

Flour mills, starch factories, sugar mills, straw and wood paper mills, packing bouses, glue factories, soap factories, etc, etc, caii obtain all the raw materials they need, in this im- mediate vicinity, and, in a short time, woolen mills can also. In addition, our railroads, that run in every direc- tion, would enable manufacturers lo- cating here to draw upon every section for their special products. En this con- nection it must not be forgotten that, although we have no real competition

Manufacturing Advantagi 8.

29

in railroad rates, there are few other lo- calities that are any better off— and that when transportation is regulated by law, such legislation cannot but benefit us as much as any other sec- tion. We have direct lines in almost every direction, and, when transporta- tion companies are not permitted to discriminate for or against any person or place, and are compeled to accept a fair remuneration for their services, our manufacturers will have an equal chance, in that respect, against the world.

UNLIMITED MARKETS.

The manufacturers who go into busi- ness in this county will have unlim- ited markets. In addition to our own State, with its million of inhabitants, there is Texas to the south, Nebraska to the north, and the mountain region to the west, all of which territory is rilling with astonishing rapidity. The mountain region especially, will soon consume all that half a million people can manufacture, and this is the most westerly county in Kansas that can possibly become a manufacturing cen- ter. With the railroads compeled to ileal fairly by all, Riley county manu- facturers will always be able to sell all they can make, and more.

CAN BUILD CHEAPLY.

As will be seen by the figures given elsewhere, factories and mills can be built cheaply here, and the same is true of dams. Stone of any desired size can be obtained from two to thirty inches thick; and stone, lime, sand and labor are low.

CLIMATIC HELPS.

For many kinds of manufactures, our dry atmosphere is just what is wanted. Moreover, it keeps the work- men healthy, and does not, for much of the time, interfere with labor, either in or out of doors.

CHARACTER OF THE PEOPLE.

The inhabitants of this county are, in the main, intelligent, industrious, moral and wide awake — indeed, just such a class as furnishes the best hands for vocations requiring mind as well as muscle. In addition, the Agricultural

College brings to this vicinity a large number of enterprising young men and women as students, who, when they leave that institution, become choice hands. Educated workmen are what manufacturers need ; and it is no small advantage to have an industrial college at hand turning out educated mechanics from among whom the best can be chosen.

COMMERCIAL MORALITY, ETC

Taken as a whole, the business men of this county enjoy an enviable repu- tation for honesty, sagacity and pru- dence. There has never been, in the entire county, a financial failure of any in ignitude, and of the small ones very few have been tinctured with fraud. .Most of our merchants and others' do business on their own capital, and an unusual proportion own their stores and dwellings. Manhattan, twenty- five years old, and containing over two thousand inhabitants and sl:;:;.n;>;i worth of taxable property, has, in all that time, lost less than si.",, nun l,y fire, and the rest of the county has been equaly fortunate. We doubt if an- other county in the Nation can show a 1 utter record in this respect. There are three strong hanks in Manhattan that afford all the facilities needed in this direction, and they are prepared to increase their capital indefinivly.

GENERAL REMARKS.

Other points, bearing upon the ques- tion of manufactures, are brought out in other parts of this work, and need not be repeated here. Taking every- thing into consideration , we feel confi- dent that Riley county presents splen- did openings for a great variety of manufacturing enterprises — and that she will become the manufacturing center of the State. We do not advise men who know nothing about manu- facturing to come here and invest their money in such enterprises. It would be folly in them to do so anywhere. But those who understand what they are about, and have business capacity and capital, ought to do well here. At any rate it would be wise for them to come and look the ground over.

30

Political and Social Influence.

POLITICAL AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE. Riley County is now and always has been radicaly Republican. The fol- lowing table, giving the the votes re- ceived for each of the Presidential can- didates, and for and against the amend- to the constitution prohibiting the manufacture and sale of intoxicating liquor as a beverage, shows the rela- tive strength of the three parties, and the position of the people on prohibi- tion :

	a g —	= o	5= SO	~.7 <-— 1	3>
Manhattan, < itv.
1st Ward .......	94	31	21	92	49
^ii.l Ward	ss	31	49	lln	44
3rd Ward	110	19	21	112	30
Manhattan, township.
North < >f river	111	17	45	115	47
South of ri\ er	11	10	Hi	17	21
Ashland	37	15	n	38	17
Ogden	71;	71	32	76	ss
Zeandale	711	32	1-1	74	34
Indiana	75	8	27	28	69
Wild i at	91 194 99	25 21 2	10 4 8	47 135 7s	■is
Fremont .
Swede < reck	26
Stanton .	103	30	20	51	HI
Pane; Creek	113	i	26	82	41
Bala	99	26		53	52
Madison	c:; li	2 29	12 30	:;i 39	40
Union	48
Total	1IM	370	347	1178	828

The Republican plurality was 1,008 and the majority over all was 661. The majority for prohibition was 350.

From the first organization of the State, twenty years ago, down to the present time, Riley County has had more political influence than any other county in the State that did not have a larger population. During all ex- cept two years and eight months of that lime, she has furnished a State officer, United States Senator or Congress- man, viz: Dr. John W. Robinson was Secretary of State from Ferubary 9, 1861 (when the State government was organized) to June 12, 1862. Hon. I. T. Goodnow was State Superintendent of .Public instruction from .January, 1863,

to January, 1867 ; Hon. N. Green was Lieutenant-Governor from January, l.sdi, to November 4, 1868, and Govern- or from that date until January, 1869. Hon. J. M. Harvey was Governor from January, 1869, to January, 1873. On February 2, 1874, he was elected to the United States Senate and served until March, 1877. In March, 1878, Hon. John A. Anderson became a member of Congress, and is still serving in that capacity. During the same period, she has ha'd a State Senator more than her proportion of the time ; several of her citizens have held judicial positions and been appointed to Federal and State offices, and represented the State in National Conventions. Her Demo- cratic and Greenback politicians have also carried off many nominations in their respective party conventions.

In religious, moral and educational \f^> movements, citizens of Riley county ^A have always been equally prominent tf\

and have exercised a corresponding in- fluence, thus proving that Riley Coun- ty is a center of intellectual and moral power— just the place for those to locate in who desire to influence their fellow men.

THE NEXT DIVISION.

There is much more that we would like to say, in this connection, about the county at large, but our space will not permit. We shall next take up each municipal township separately. After giving a general description, and refering to a few remaining points of general interest, we will add a number of sketches of individuals and business enterprises, together with business cards and notices of land for sale. Al- though it might seem to be needless, we wish to say that the editor is not responsible for all that appears under these latter headings. Some of the sketches he wrote himself, but others were prepared by competent friends of the parties, and are put in as presented.

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32

The Beautiful City.

"The Beautiful City."

Manhattan, the capital of Riley

county, often, and justly, called "The Beautiful City," is undoubtedly the handsomest place of its size in Kansas, A staff correspondent of the Chicago Tnter-Ocean says in that paper:

Manhattan was a genuine surprise to us. We expected an usual western town : we found it exceptional, inas- inueh as it partakes largely of the character of older eastern cities. It is located at the confluence of the Big Blue and Kansas rivers, which are spanned by four very excellent iron bridges, and the view of the city or valleys from any of these is simply ad- mirable, The streets are wide, well graded; the buildings largely of their superior stone; the residences bespeak- ing the culture and refinement of the people, by their tasty appearance and liberal adornment of shrubs and trees. Everything has a cleanly and thrifty appearance ; no rookeries or tumble- down buildings to < I i sgrace their streets.

Manhattan is built on an almost lev- el plain, a little more than one mile square. About one hundred roils south, across the Kansas river, Mount Prospect rises, almost perpendicularly, to a bight of two hundred feet or more above the river ; while, on the north- ern edge of the townsite, Bluemont, only a trifle less steep and about as high, stands guard over the Big Blue, whose waters wash its base.

THE VIEW

from these eminences — and especially that from Mount Prospect — is unques- tionably tin' most magnificent that can he found in Kansas, and has few- rivals anywhere outside of strictly mountainous regions. It is truly per- fectly enchanting. To the northward, from Mount Prospect is seen the lovely valley of the Big Blu< — more bewitch- ing than that of the Mohawk— through which the winding river swiftly glides to "Trysting Point," where it nestles in the bosom of its mate, while the

tuneful voices of birds, the gentle rustling of leaves, and the rippling, gurgling notes of the liquid lovers themselves, as they joyously start for their home in the sea, are forever singing " a marriage song of the wa- ters." To the east and southeast, the unrivaled valley of the Kansas, dot- ted, and checked, like that of the Blue, with farm houses and fields, reaches as far as the eye can penetrate — and still further, on, and on, and on, to the Missouri on the one hand, and " the great plains ' ' on the other. This valley is destined to be the garden of the State, and lucky is the man who has a home therein. To the westward, the plain gradualy rises into hills, on one of which is located the Kansas State Agricultural College, while oth- ers are appropriated for residences. This section could not have been better arranged for suburban homes, and, in time, it will all be appropriated for "country seats." Looking down, the city itself is almost directly under your feet, and the mingling of sub- stantial hotels and stores, tasty churches and cozy residences, all em- bowered in trees, shrubs, vines and flowers, makes almost every one ex- claim : Indeed, this is

"the beautiful city." Three avenues, one hundred feet wide, run east and west, and four, north and south. The intervening streets are sixty feet wide. The (own lots are oOxloO feet, and the blocks are 315x400 feel, with .1 lifierii foot alley running east and wesl through their center. There are two parks— one on the Kan- sas river, entirely unimproved, and one of forty acres, in the western part of the town, and which is now used as a fairground. In addition, five whole blocks and seven parts of blocks have

The Beautiful City.

33

been reserved for public uses. Many of the streets are bordered with rows of maple, elm, black walnut, box el- der, ash and other varieties of shade trees ; and it is hoped that before many years elapse, the whole town will be well shaded. The number of bouses tbat are built of stone or brick gives the town an unusually-solid and thrifty appearance. The grounds about the dwellings are frequently so covered with trees, shrubs and Mowers, as to indicate refinement of taste, as well as good sense. Indeed, everywhere the visitor goes bis eyes are filled with sights calculated to impress on his mind the conviction that the people of Manhattan settled here with the inten- tion of remaining, and have, in conse- quence, made homes for themselves.

POPULATION.

Manhattan was laid out in 1855, but grew quite slowly until the building of the Kansas Pacific railroad in 1866. In 1870 it had 1,173 Inhabitants, and the census this year gave 2,104.

The original white settler- of Man- hattan came mostly from Ohio and more eastern States. Of the foreign- born residents, the Scandinavians are most numerous, and then -come Eng- lish, Germans and Canadians, with a few Irish and French. As a rule, our people are intelligent, moral, indus- trious and thrifty; and, in conse- quence, a smaller proportion of the real estate of this county has been sold for taxes than in almost any other that has been settled as Ions:.

Religion and Morality.

The people of Manhattan are above the average of the inhabitants of western towns in respect to morality and religion. Many of the earliest settlers were true Christians, and their influence will never cease to be felt. There are now nine church buildings, and two or three additional organiza- tions. We append a short description, in the order of their erection.

METHODIST-.

The First Methodist Episcopal church was organized April 30, 1855; a church was built in 1857, and occupied until last fall, when the society re- moved to a new stone building, costing, with the lots, about ten thousand dol- lars. It is the handsomest church, of its size, in the State; is heated with a furnace seats; comfortably about two hundred and fifty in the main audience room, inir by crowding and throwing open the parlors, two hundred and fifty niore can be accommodated. This church has b ■ n minisl 'red to by the following pastors, in the order named, viz: I; v. C H. Lovejoy, during a part of 1855; Rev. Joseph Denison, I). 1>.. during the balance of that year and 1856; during 1857, X. Trafton ; L858, Jos pli I> snison ; 1859-60, J. Paul- son : L861, .1. T. W. Auld and T. H. Mudge; 1862-3, R. L. Harford; 1864, B. < '. I >■ onis ; 1865-66, X. Green ; 1867-68, R. p. Duvall; 1869, G. 8. Dearborn; 1870-71, J. M. Sullivan; 1N72-74, S. W. Lloyd; lS7o-7ii-77, R. Wake; 1878-79-80, F. Gill. The pres- ent membership is two hundred and forty-eight. Preaching twice on Sun- day ; prayer meetings Wednesday and Thursday nights. Sunday school after morning service. The usual church societies and committees are kept up. In this connection, a tribute is due to Rev. E. Gill, who, in addition to dis- charging the ordinary duties of a pas- tor to the entire satisfaction of the church, has exhibited unusual execu- tive ability in securing the erection of the handsome new church.

The Second M. E. church (colored) was organized in 1866, as a mission church ; and a frame building, 30x40 feet, capable of seating one hundred person-, was erected the same year. It has fifteen members, and Rev. J. S. C rifling is, and has for several years been, pastor. Preaching twice on the Sabbath and prayer meeting Wednes- day night. Sal >1 >ath school after morn- ing service.

The African Methodist Episcopal Zion church was organized Oct. 1879, and a frame building, 2-1x30 feet, erected

34

Methodists.

last summer which will seat about on hundred people. It has twenty mem- bers, and Rev. Oscar Haskins is pastor. Preaching twice on the Sabbath, and Sunday school in the morning.

CONGREGATIONALISTS.

The Congregational church was organized January 6, 1856 ; a stone building, erected iu 1858 and enlarged in 1878. It will seat about two hun- dred and forty persons in the main au- dience room, and, including the lecture room, three hundred. It has one hun- dred and fifty-eight members. There is preaching twice on Sundays ; prayer meeting Wednesday night, and Sun- day school after morning service. The pulpit has been occupied by the follow- ing pastors : Rev. C. E. Blood, from 1856 to 1862; Geo. A. Beckwith, from 1862 to 1867; R. D. Parker, from 1867 to the present time. There are the usual church societies.

EPISCOPALIANS.

St. Paul's Episcopal church was or- ganized in May, 1858, and an excellent, stone, gothic church, 35x45 feet, erected in 1860. It seats about two hundred persons, and is worth, with lots, furni- ture, pipe organ, etc., about $5,000. It has fifty-eight members. Preaching on Sunday, and Sunday school after morning service. The pastors have been: Rev. N. O. Preston, from 1858 to 1861, and from 1864 to lS(i(i; J. H. Lee, from I860 to 1869; I). W. Coxe, from 1809 to 1872; .J. P. Fugett, from 1*73 to 1874; James H. Lee, from 1S74 to 1875, and from 1876 to the present time. They have the usual church so- cieties.

i:A PTISTS.

The Baptist church was organized August 14, 1858, and a stone church 26x40feet, was built in 1866. It seats about two hundred persons. Preach- ing twice on Sunday prayer meeting Wednesday night, and Sunday school after morning service. There are t he usual church societies. The number of church members is sixty. The pastors have been : Rev. M. L. W'isner, M. J. Kermott, J. M. Lackey, E. Gale, I.

Sawyer, D. D., J. D. Woods, S. Pills- bury and J. G. Maver.

PRESBYTERIANS.

The Presbyterian church was organ- ized April 18, 1867, and a substantial stone building erected in 1870, at a cost of $7,000. It has been recently repaired, elegantly finished inside, and a graceful spire erected upon the corner tower — the latter at the expense of Messrs. Stingley & Huntress. A fine chapel, with lecture room, pastor's study and ladies' room, all complete, a gift to the society by E. B. Purcell, has also been erected on the adjoining lot, making this one of the finest church properties in the State. The seating capacity of the church is estimated at four hundred and fifty. Rev. Alex. Sterrett was pastor for three years. He was succeeded for a few months by Rev. Anderson, D. D., (father of Con- gressman Anderson), and he by Rev. J. H. Reed for five years. In 1876 the present pastor, Rev. Wm. Campbell commenced his regular ministration. The society is liberal and self-support- ing, with a membership of about one hundred, and a large Sunday school, which meets after Sunday morning service. There is preaching twice on Sunday, and prayer meeting Wednes- day night. The usual church societies are doing a good work .

CHRISTIANS.

The Christian church was reorgan- ized in 1872, and a frame edifice, 28x50 feet, erected in 1873. With the lot, it is valued at $2,000. It will seat about three hundred persons. Its regular pastors have been: Elds. A. J. White, A. D. Goodwin, Henry Cogswell, and A. P. Campbell. The active member- shin is about one hundred. Preaching twice on Sunday, prayer meeting Wed- nesday night, and Sunday school be- fore morning service. The usual church societies are active and useful. ROMAN CATHOLIC'S.

Last summer the Roman Catholics purchased the stone church formerly used by the Methodists. It is 32x55 feet, has been thoroughly repaired, will seat about two hundred and fifty

Religious Influences.

35

persons, and is valued at $2,000. Rev. McCune is resident pastor, and holds services two Sundays in each month.

All the churches, except the Roman Catholic, are free from debt, and all in an active and healthy condition.

Although none of the ministers of Manhattan have national reputations, they are admitted to be now — as they have been from the first settlement of the town — above the average in abili- ty, culture and genuine Christianity. The garments of none of them are scorched, and there is not an "off horse " in the lot. All work zealously, toy ether as well as in their separate fields, to promote the cause of Christ, and of humanity — love to God and good will to men. Nor is this an ex- ceptional condition of affairs, for it has nearly always been so. It is not nec- essary with Christians to enlarge upon the desirableness of settling with their families in a place whose character and position secure to it a talented minis- try, and whose church members are sufficiently imbued with the spirit of Christ to keep their denominational jealousies (if they have any) mainly out of sight.

Y. P. C. U.

The Young People's Christian Union was organized in 1876, and has held weekly meetings ever since, generaly on Sunday afternoon, about X o'clock. John Copley is President, and Miss M. Sickels, Secretary. This society exerts a marked influence over the lives of our young people.

Those of our people who are not re- ligious, are, as a rule, honest, and as moral as the same class in the best towns in the Union. We have been thus particular on this head, because it is a matter of real importance ; and while we do not wish to claim more than is true, we see no reason for with- holding facts when they redound to the credit of the town.

Miscellaneous Societies.

TEMPERANCE.

Western Star Division No. 1, S. of T.

was organized in 1858. It has about sixty members, and meets every Tues- day night. L. R. Elliott is Worthy Patriarch, and Miss Emma Knostman, Secretary.

Prohibition Phalanx No. 9, was or- ganized last spring. It has seventy members, and meets Tuesday nights. F. H. Hulse is Noble Leader, and Miss Lizzie Fay, Secretary.

The Young People's Temperance Alliance was organized in April, 1877. It meets every Sunday afternoon, and has several hundred members. Rev. A. B. Campbell is President.

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union was organized last spring. It meets semi-monthly. It has a large membership. Mrs. M. L. Ward is President, and Mrs. C. F. Wilder, Sec- retary.

There is a Lodge of Good Templars among the colored people, of which A. ( Iriggsby is AYorthy Chief Templar.

The temperance sentiment in this place has always been strong.

MASONIC.

Manhattan Chapter No. 14 B. A. M., Geo. S. Green, High Priest, Wm. Bur- goyne, Secretary, was organized in 1869, and meets the first Monday in each month. It has thirty members.

Lafayette Lodge No. 16, A. F. and A. M., Wm. Burgoyne Worshipful Master, and S. M. Fox, Secretary, was organized in 1866. It has sixty-one members, and meets on the first and third Fridays of each month, i. o. o. F.

Manhattan Lodge, No. 17, I.O. O. F., John Pipher, Noble Grand, and B. L. Bredbury, Secretary, was organized in 1S66. It has about sixty members, and meets Thursday evenings.

AGRICULTURAL.

Manhattan Grange No. 748 was or- ganized in 1872, and meets the 4th Sat- urday of each month, in the afternoon. It has about seventy members, and Mrs. H. A. Barnes is Master, and Wm. F. Allen, Secretary.

The Blue & Kansas Valley Agricul- tural Society was organized in 1869, and holds a fair each fall. It is a joint

36

Agricultural Societies

stock association, and H. S. Roberts is President, and W. C. Johnston, Sec- retary.

The Kansas and Blue Valley Poultry and Pet Stock Association was organ- ized two years ago. It gives annual exhibitions. It is a joint stock associa- tion, and C. E. Allen is President, and F. E. Marsh, Secretary.

MISCELLANEOUS.

The Choral Union, Darius Hunger- ford, President, and Mrs. C. F. Wilder, Secretary, was organized about 1868, and holds weekly meetings through the winter months. It gives one or more public concerts each year, and has done much to improve and promote the interests of the town.

The Manhattan Cornet Band, A. C. Klingaman, Leader, has been in exist- ence a little more than a year, and al- ready ranks as one of the best in the State,

Manhattan Lodge No. 1465, Knights of Honor, C. F. Briggs, Dictator, and W. C. Johnston, Reporter, was organ- ized February, 1879. It has fifty-four members, and meets the second and fourth Fridays of each month.

Education, Etc.

Before Manhattan had forty houses, a two-story, stone school house was erected, and even previous to that time a college was seriously talked of. Many of the first settlers were them- selves well educated, and they were resolved that their children should not grow up in ignorance. As early as 1857, the Bluemont College Association was chartered to build a college at this place, lo be under the control of the Methodisl Episcopal Church Confer- ence. The moving spirits in the pre- liminary organization were Rev. Y\ . Marlatt, .Joseph Denison, D. D., and Prof. I. T. Goodnow. The town com- panies gave the College Trustees a Large number of town lots, and Prof. Goodnow, assisted by Dr'. Denison, sold these, and, by personal solicitations,

here and in the east, secured a large amount in private donations. With this fund one hundred acres of land was secured and a three-story building erected, in 1859, on an eminence about a mile west of the present college buildings. When Congress passed the Agricultural College act, the property of this corporation was offered to the State, on condition of its locating the

STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE

in Manhattan. The offer was accepted, the property transferred to the State in 1863, and a flourishing institution is now the result.

The sale of something less than three-fourths of the congressional land grant has secured an endowment fund of nearly $300,000 from which an annual income of a little less than $20,000 is received— all of winch is de- voted, by law, to defraying the current expenses of the institution. The col- lege farm contains two hundred and fifty-five acres of land. LFive neat and substantial stone buildings (in ad- dition to a large stone barn) have been erected by the State, on the crest of a hill, about one mile from the center of the town. When the main building is completed, the whole will constitute one of the most admirable and best arranged collection of college buildings in the country. They comprise, be- sides the principal building, only one wing of which has as yet been built, an extensive chemical laboratory of eight rooms, fairly supplied with ap- paratus and cabinets— and in one of which is a printing office ; a two-story mechanics' hall, 39x109 feet, in which are found a large, well equipped shop for carpentry and cabinet making, a telegraph office for practice, sewing rooms for practical instruction in dress- making, and practice rooms for instru- mental music; a horticultural ball, containing cabinets in botany, ento- mology and zoology, lecture room, etc.; dwellings of the President and Super- intendent of the Farm; a model barn, and a (frame) blacksmith shop.

The grounds are stocked with useful and ornamental trees and shrubs, with a view to establishing complete sample

State Agricultural College

37

gardens and orchards. The farm is arranged for both practical and experi- mental results, and has herds of excel- lent, pure-bred cattle and hogs, for il- lustration and profitable testing of qualities.

The cut, printed a few pages back, taken from Van Antwerp, Bragg & Co.'s "Eclectic Geography, Kansas series," gives a good idea of what will be the appearance of the College when the main building shall have been completed.

This College is especialy intended for the education of young men and women who expect to devote them- selves to industrial vocations, and wish to be prepared to earn a livelihood when they leave its halls. The four years' course of study begins where the common schools leave off. It gives a genuine drill in the English Language, thorough teaching in the sciences of most general application in agriculture or the industrial arts, with proper at- tention to mathematics and other use- ful studies.

But the distinguishing feature of the curriculum is that the students are taught how to apply what they learn. To this end, provision is made lor daily training in the arts themsel ves. Wood work, iron work, printing, telegraphy, sewing and cooking, as well as farm- ing and gardening, are already taught ; and other industrial branches are to be added from time to time. It is, in fact as well as in name, a college for the masses ; and, now that that fact is be- coming known, it is receiving a gener- ous patronage. More than two hun- dred students are in actual attendance, and the number is steadily increasing. About one-third of these are ladies, for whom special instruction is provided in domestic economy and hygiene.

Among the students, industry and economy are prominent traits, and self- dependence is a matter of pride. All expenses are as light as possible, tuition being free. Students board in the neighborhood or in the city ; and all their associations are made, as nearly as may be, those of ordinary life. The

college year begins about the 10th of September and closes about the 10th of June, giving its long vacation dur- ing the busy season of summer.

This institution is controled by a Board of Regents, appointed by the Governor of the State ; and its instruc- tion is given by the following efficient faculty :

G.T.FAIRCHILD, Pres't, Prof. PoUt. Economy. M. I,. WARD, Prof. Mathematics and English. E. M. siiKi.Toy, Prof. Prac. Ag„ Sup't Farm.. G. H. FAILTER, Prof. Chemistry and Physics. E.A. POPENOE, Prof. Botany and ffortieuto, r< . J. E. 1'!. \TT. Prof. Elem'y English, Math, ma J.D.WALTERS, Teacher Ind ing.

T. T. HAWKKs. SwpH Mechanical Department. A. A. STEWART, Sttp't Printing Department. I. I>. GRAHAM, Sup't Telegraph Department. Mrs. M. E. CRIPPS, ing Department.

W. L. HOFER, Teacher of Instrumental Music.

The College exerts an excelent in- fluence upon the town, and the town upon the College. The intelligent and generaly moral character of our peo- ple, with our superior church facilities, largely diminishes the temptations to which students are always subjected, and assists them to resist evil influences both from within and without.

The Industrialist, Prof. E. M. Shel- ton, editor, assisted by the rest of the faculty, is issued weekly from the printing department. It is a four col- umn folio, devoted mainly to college affairs and educational and intellectual questions, is one of the best printed papers in the State, and contains more sound sens.e on practical questions than can be found in many publications of five times its size. Its subscription price is fifty cents a year, or ten cents a month ; and we can heartily commend it to all who wish to post themselves on the progress of industrial education and Kansas agriculture. Address A. A. Stewart, Manhattan, Kansas.

The College still has a large amount of land for sale, situated mainly in Riley, Marshall, Washington, Clay and Dickinson counties, which is offered on very reasonable terms. All letters on this subject should be ad- dressed to L. R. Elliott, Land Commis- sioner, Manhattan, Kansas. The fundsof the College are invested,

38

State Agricultural College.

from time to time, in school district bonds, made payable directly to the College. School district officers who wish to sell their bonds to the College should themselves address Prof. M, L. Ward, Loan Commissioner, Manhat- tan, Kansas, who will furnish all in- formation needed to enable them to comply with the law and the rules of the College. It is entirely unnecessary to pay a commission to an interme- diate party.

We cannot, while on this subject, re- frain from making a suggestion to the wealthy philanthropists of the nation. It is highly important that our system of education be so modified as to edu- cate the masses for and towards indus- trial vocations instead of from them. That is the object which this institu- tion has in view, and it is certain that it has made some progress in solving the great problem. It is on the right track, but is greatly hampered for want of means. Now, if one or more large- hearted men or women would supple-

ment the Congressional endowment by donating to this College enough to in- crease and improve the industrial de- partments, they would thereby put their money where it would do the most good to humanity and the nation. Who will endow a veterinary professorship? or one of entomology and botany ? Who will give the money to build and endow a model cheese factory and creamery ? or a large establishment for teaching cooking, washing, ironing, sewing, and other branches of housework ? or any one of a dozen other departments that need #to be added or enlarged ?

Letters of inquiry in regard to Col- lege matters should be addressed to George T. Fairchild, President, Man- hattan, Kansas.

THE PUBLIC SCHOOL,

building, a large and handsome struct- ure, built of stone, finished and fur- nished throughout at a cost of $15,000, is well represented in the following cut:

Our space will not permit us to de- is 73i96 feel, and it is two stories scribe this building minutely. Its size high above the basement. There are

Public Schvols.

39

four large rooms upon each floor, be- sides clonk rooms and wide halls. The building and everything about it, is first class. The entire block on which it is located is devoted to school pur- poses, and thus ample play ground is provided, a considerable portion of which is shaded by trees that were planted many years ago.

The school is, in all respects, up to the advanced standard of the better class of similar institutions, and pupils can and do pass from it to the College. The present corps of teachers is un- usualy efficient, and consists of

Prof. i>. E. Lantz, Principal.

Miss DeEtta Warren. Assistant Principal*

E. P. Clark, Grammar Department.

Miss ,\. Arnold, A Intermediate.

Mis- Alice Stewart, l'» Intermediate.

Miss Fannie Cole, A Primary.

Mi - Alice Ritchie, B Priman .

Miss Anna McConnell, C Primary.

Mi83 M. E. Sickels, I) Primary.

BRIDGES, STREETS AND SIDEWALKS.

In addition to the two railroad bridges, the Kansas and Big Blue riv- ers are both spanned at Manhattan by first class, free, iron wagon bridges, that were built ten years ago, and are now about as good as new. There are no other free bridges over either of these rivers within seventy-five miles.

The streets are generaly in good con- dition, and about two miles have been already graded and macadamized or graveled. Almost all of this has been done within the past two years ; anil it is probable that, in the future, from one-half a mile to a mile will be grav- eled each year, until all the main streets are thus improved. The grav- eling costs fifty cents per running foot.

About five miles of sidewalks — most- ly of stone — have been laid, and they are being extended at the rate of about a mile a year. Stone sidewalks cost from eighteen to twenty-five cents per foot. In a short time, every portion of the city will be connected, by these side- walks, with the business center, the churches and the College.

CITY ORGANIZATION.

Manhattan is now organized as a city of the second class, and its officers at the present time are as follows :

Mayor — X. A. Adams.

Councilmen— A. Stingley, .J. K. Winchip, J. J. T. Ellicott, J. K. Mensing and R. Ailing- ham. Jr.

Police Jndge—H. w. Stackpole.

<ity Attorney — Sam. Kimble.

< ity Clerk — J. R. Young.

Street Commissioner — . March.

Marshal — John I>re\\ .

Assistant Marshal— F. 1!. Sponsler.

Justices of the Peace — H. W . Stackpole, J. P. Peckham.

The city irovernment was organized in 18o7. and the position of Mayor has, since that time, been filled by the fol- ing gentlemen, in the order named : Andrew J. Mead, E. M. Thurston, S. <;. Iloyt, C. F. De Vivaldi, James

Humphrey, Welcome Wells,

— - — , M. J. Gove, Henry Laffer, (i. W. Higinbothani, A. Huntress, E. ('. Manning, N. A. Adams, R. B. Spil- man (two terms . Geo. W. Wisner, R. B. Spilman, I.*K. Perry, <;. W. Higin- botham, 8. A. Sawyer, Wm. Dent, Rob't Allingham, Jr., John Pipher, N. A. Adams.

EXPORT r.rsix ESS. The exports from Manhattan, as nearly as we ci:i ascertain them with positiyeness, amounted, for the year ending with the first of December last, to about fourteen and a half million pounds ; and only a small proportion of this consisted of the raw products of the field. The most of our grain is ground, or fed to stock. Thus, while we exported but 1,608,000 lbs. of wheat and corn, the flour, meal and chop feed amounted to 2,580,000 lbs., and our great mill only began to run a few months ago. The stock shipments amounted to more than six and a half million pounds. In the very near fu- ture, the grain shipments will dwindle to an insignificant quantity, but the increase in flour, meal, chop, etc., will more than make up the deficiency. Our cattle and hogs will also leave in barrels instead of their own hides, and we will import instead of export hay.

OUR BUSINESS MEN. The business men of Manhattan have an enviable reputation, both at home and abroad, in respect to integ- rity and prudence. They may not be as enterprising as those in some other

40

Our Business Men.

places, but they neither swindle their creditors, nor spend their gains in riot- ous living. The foundations have now been laid, and all the indications point to a great expansion in the future — es- pecialy in the direction of manufac- tures. As nearly as we can remember, our business and business men are divided as follows : Abstract of Titles — Sawyer & Scott. Agricultural Implements — W. H.

Lowe, Stingley & Huntress, A. J.

Whitford. Attorneys at Law — Spilman & Brown,

Green & Hessin, H. W. Stackpole,

W. A. Scott, Sam. Kimble, Darius

Hungerford. Auction* i rs — S. A. Sawyer*, J. X. Lim-

bocker. Bakers — W. Balderston, J. Remmele. Bankers— Riley County Bank, W. P.

Higinbotham's Bank, Manhattan

Bank. Barbers — P. C. Hostrup, Ed. Williams,

H. L. Brown. Barb-Wire J)< alers — P. W. Zeigler, A.

J. Whitford, Stingley & Huntress. Barb- Wire Makers— Phillips & Co.,

Win. Warner. Billiard Halls— Metier & Smith, C. B.

Donaldson, O. Godwin, A. Peak. Blacksmiths — Jobn Brett, S. A. Hays,

Chas. Irvin, Mcrrifiekl & Bordell,

Sam. Ferguson, S. Williston, A.

Peak. Boarding Houses — Mrs. G. W. Wisner,

Mrs. E. B. Pray, A. D. Horrell, Mrs.

C. G. Thompson, Mrs. John Drew,

W. Balderston. Bowling Alley — Metier & Smith. Bookselh r and. Stationer — S. M. Pox. Boot and Shoe Dealer*— ^. Pillsbury,

Sam. Lmii-, A. Meyers, Mrs. C. Beil,

Lew. Wintermute, Wan-en Cooper,

Weiflt &Engle, Stingley A: Huntress,

Grange Store. Boot and Shoemakers — P. Malm, A. F.

Eby, E. Lofinck, Mrs. C. Beil, An.-.

Meyers. Bond Wells— P. W. Zeigler. Breeders of Blooded Horses — John

Drew A: P>ro. Breeders of Blooded Shorthorns- W.

P. Higinbothani, S. A. Sawyer.

Breeders of Blooded Poultry — J. S. Corbett, F. E. Marsh, Wm. Dalton, S. A. Sawyer, John Drew.

Brickmaker — R. Ulrich.

Broommaker — A. H. Johnson.

Butchers — Book & Pierson, Long, Tow- er & Co.

Cabinetmakers — G. A. Pollard, Fred. Haster, John Elliot, John Smith.

Carpenters, (contractors) — P. Cool, W. H. Smith, H. Hougham, Earl & Housekeeper, Chas. Waring, Jere. Haines.

Carriage makers — C. F. Keables, O. B. Holman.

Cigar maker — Otto Teitge.

Clothing {ready-made) — Wm. Knost- man, Stingley & Huntress, Warren Cooper, C. A. Buel, L. Winterinute.

Coal arid Wood — Wm. Burgoyne, J. T. Ellicott, C. E. Miller.

Confectionery and Fruit — C. F. Briggs, Blood, Brooks & Co., D. Adams, J. Remmele, C. Tegmeier.

Chop Feed (dealers) — Stingley & Hun- tress, Grange Store.

Dealer in Everything — E. B. Purcell. This is so literaly true that the reader can safely add Mr. P's name to each list of dealers. We have left it out simply to save space.

Dentist— C. P. Blachly.

Draymen — C. E. Miller, Sam. Long, R. O'Rourke, A. Adams, J. Parker- son, C. Carleton.

Dry Goods and Notions — Stingley & Huntress, Warren Cooper, Mrs. S. Wareham, L. Wintermute, Wiesl & Engle.

Druggists — W. C.Johnston, Geo. W. Harrop, J. Robinson.

Fancy Goods and Toys — S. M. Fox, J. Robinson, W. C. Johnston.

Flour and Feed Mills — Manhattan Mills, Bluemonl Mills.

Furniture — J. N. Smith, John Elliot.

Grain Dealers — G. NY. EEiginbotham, E. B. Purcell Elevator Co., J. T. Ellicott.

Groin Elevators- E. 1'.. Purcell Eleva- tor Co., .1. T. Ellicott.

Gro<-> Hi 8— D. Adams, Stingley A: Hun- tress, Blood, Brooks & Co., Grange Store, Weist & Engle, L. Winter- mute, Mrs. S. Wareham.

Business Directory.

41

Gunsmith — L. Hayden.

Hardware— A. J. Whitford, P. W.

Zeigler, Stingley & Huntress, Weist

& Engle. Harness makers — Vincent & Evans,

<i. B. Hiiues. JI<it maker — C. A. Buel. Hay Press— J. T. Ellicott, Worse Trainers — John Drew & Bro. Hotels— "Adams House," C. B.Don- aldson, "American House," W. Van-

Dusen, "Cottage Hotel," R. Blood. Zee Dealers' — J. F. Gardner, C. F.

Briggs. Insurana Agt nfe-Wm, P. Higinboth-

am, L. R. Elliott, Sawyer & Scott,

Crump & Hungerford. Jewelry & Watch makers— A. J. Le-

gore, E. K. Shaw, J. Q. A. Sheldon. Junk Dealers— Merrifield & Bordel. Kindergarti n T< acht r—M isa .Mildred

Parsons. Land Agents— L. R. Elliott, Dow &

Brown, J. X. Limbocker, W. P. Hig-

inbotham. Livery Stables— Long & Firestone, A. Lime— Henry Strong, N. Tobias, C. E.

Gifford.

L. Houghton, C. E. Miller. Loan Agents— Sawyer & Scott, Crump

& Hungerford, Dow & Brown, S.

Kimble. Lumber Dt ah rs—N. A. Adams, H. A.

Young & Co., C. E. Gifford. Machine shop — ivood and iron — Man- hattan Machine Co., (Ulrich Bros.

& Co.) Marble Works— A. O. Baldwin. Market Gar<h ners— Short Bros., Wm.

Swartz. Masons, (master)— J. Winne, B. W.

Powers, A. Flanders, N. Sandel, P.

Sandel, C. Sponberg, Levi Wood- man. Musical Instruments— Wm. Tyrrell, J.

N. Smith, R. E. Lofinck. Music Teaehers—Miss E. M. M^udge,

Prof. W. L. Hofer, Wm. Tyrrell,

Mrs. S. M. Fox, A. C. Klingaman,

Miss E. E. Viles. Millinery and Ladies' Goods— Mrs. C.

F. Briggs, Mrs. C. O. Evans, Mrs.

E. K. Shaw, Mrs. S. Wareham. Newspapers— "The Nationalist," "The

Enterprise," "The Industrialist," "The Telephone."

Painters — carriage — C. F. Keables, Geo. B. Sherman.

Painters — house and sign — C. D. Mar- vin, G. C. Campbell L. X. Wha- ley, Joel E. House, Chet. Pratt.

Painter — portrait — Horace H. Buell.

Paints, Oil and Glass — J. Robinson, G. W. Harrop, W. C. Johnston, C. E. ( afford, H. A. Young, X. A. Adams, A. J. Whitford, P. W. Zeigler, Sting- ley & Huntress.

Patent horseshoe maker — S. A. Hays.

Pat' nt J 'inn p makt /■•••• — Manhattan Ma- chine Co.

Photographers — Geo. Burgoyne, G. W. I lodge.

Physicians — H. S. Roberts, Lyman & Ward, J. Robinson, Wm. T. Vail, Ellen M. Vail, J. H. Lee, C. F. Lit- tle, E. L. Patec

Produce efeafers— Stingley & Hun- tress, Grange Store. Blood, Brooks & Co., C. F. Briggs.

I'm, i/t ih "ii rs — P. W. Zeigler, A. J. Whitford, J. X. Limbocker, Kim- ble Pump Co.

(Jin . nsware— Stiugley & Huntress, W. Cooper, P. W. Zeigler. A. J. Whit- ford, Grange Store, Weist & Engle.

Restaurants — W. Balderston, W. A. Mitchell, G. W. Wesley, American House, J. Remmele.

Second hand Goods — J. X. Limbocker.

Sewing Machines — L. Hayden, J. N. Smith, W. H. Lowe, Stiugley <k Hun- tress, Grange Store.

Stock Dealers — X. A. Adams, W. P. Higinbotham, Wm. Haskins, Hiram Kearns.

Stone Dealers— Ulrich Bros., Henry Strong, E. Colburn.

Tailor — W. B. Leicester.

Ticki ts to Europe— L. R. Elliott, H. Pfuetze.

Tinsmith*— A. J. Whitford, P. W.

Zeigler. Taxidermist— C. P. Blachly. Wheelwrights — C. F. Keables, O. B.

Holman, S. B. Smith, H. Pfuetze. Woodt a and Willow Ware and Cord- aget— Stiugley & Huntress, P. W. Zeigler, A. J. Whitford, Grange Store.

42

John A. Anderson.

Men and Things.

Under this head, will be given sketches of some of our leading men and business enterprises ; and it seems especially fitting to commence with the one of our citizens who comes near- est to having a national reputation, viz :

HON. JOHN A. ANDEBSON. Mr. Anderson comes from excellent stock. His grandfather— Rev. John Anderson, I). D., of North Carolina- was a noted Presbyterian three-fourths of a century ago; and his father— Rev. Wm. C. Anderson, I). D.,— a life-long minister of the same church, was for a long time President of .Miami (Ohio) University. He was a man of unusual ability, and such gentleness of spirit as to win the affection of all who knew him. John A. Anderson's mother was a daughter of Col. John Alexander, of the revolutionary army.

John A. Anderson was horn in Washington county, Pennsylvania, June 26, 1834; graduated at Miami University in 1853; studied theology, and preached in Stockton, California, from 1857 to. 1862. Early in that year he entered the army as chaplain of the Third California Infantry, and served in thai capacity aboutayear. In 1863, he entered the service of the United Stat,.- Sanitary Commission, and his firsl duty was to act as Relief Agent of the Twelfth Army Corps. He was ncxi transferred u> i lie New STork Cen- tral Office ; and, while there, it was ;i portion of Ins duties to write up for the newspapers the great lairs held in the interest of the Commission in New York, Boston, Philadelphia and other cities. When Granl began the move- mcni through the Wilderness, he was made Superintendent of Transporta- tion. He had under his command hair a dozen steamers. He was re- quired to have the supplies of the com- mission as convenient to the wounded as possible, and the movenienl of the steamers in search or < Irant, up one river and dou n another and along that dangerous coast, through torpedoes

and amid ambuscades, necessitated a daring and skill equal to that of any other possible duty. Upon the comple- tion of this campaign, he served as As- sistant Superintendent of the Canvass and Supply Department at Philadel- phia, anil edited a paper called the San- itary Commission Bulletin. At the close of the war, he was transferred to the Historical Bureau of the Commis- sion at Washington. He remained there one year, collecting data and writ- ing a portion of the history of the Com- mission. In 1866, at the close of his la- bors with the Sanitary Commission, he was appointed Statistician of the Citi- zens' Association ^ of Pennsylvania. This was an organization for the pur- pose of relieving the suffering resulting from pauperism, vagrancy and crime in large cities. He served two years, vis- iting penitentiaries, jails, alms-houses, asylums, figuring and writing the re- sults of his observations, and contrib- uting to the scientific world valuable information and some important con- clusions on the great social questions involved.

In February, 1S6S, he accepted a call from the Presbyterian church at Junc- tion City, Kansas, and remained its pastor until the fall of 1873, when he accepted the Presidency of the Kansas State Agricultural College at Manhat- tan, which position he retained until Ids election to Congress, in 1878. He has now been in Congress one year, and, last November, was re-elected. While President of the College, he was appointed one of the American Jurors on Machine Tools for Wood, Metal and Stone,— Croup XXI. at the Centennial Exhibition; and one of the principal American mechanics upon the jury, a gentleman from Springfield, Mass., says that some of their a I iles t and most satisfactory reports were written by Mr. Anderson.

As this meagre outline of M r. Ander- son's life gives but little idea of the man and his probable future, wedesire to adil a few fad- and reflections upon his career and character as a man, a minister, a journalist, an educator and a statesman.

John A. Anderson.

43

THE MAN.

Mr. Anderson is a splendid specimen of physical manhood. He is five feet ten inches high, and weighs ahout two hundred pounds. He is of a nervo-hilious temperament, with fair complexion, uncommonly fine hair, and light blue eyes that look straight al you when talking. He is a fluent talk- er, speaking rapidly, in a pleasant though not deep voice, and expresses his ideas with uncommon clearness. He is very positive and aggressive, but has such a genial, rollicking spirit, that he generaly (when he wishes to) retains the good will even of those he antagonizes. Fond of a joke, hearty, almost to hoisterousness, with a great deal of personal magnetism, he capti- vates nearly every warm hearted man who comes in contact with him, and i- sure to keep every group he is with in a good humor. He is well informed, has a large, well balanced brain, has a naturaly logical mind, is remarkably • puck to see points and to detect the weak places in his adversary's argu- ment; he has a healthy body, im- mense physical vitality, and comes from a long lived ancestry ; he is con- stitutionaly honest, is an intense hater of shams and hypocrisy, and if he is illiberal in anything, it is in his ap- parent inability to make allowances for these particular faults in .others. In September, 1864, he was married to Miss Nannie Foote, of Ky., and has three children. Mrs. Anderson is to her husband a helpmate, and not (as are the wives of many public men) a mere helpeat. She is a healthy, good looking, refined and intelligent lady, with win- ning manners and housewifely tastes. In short, she is just such a wife as such a man needs.

AS A MINISTER.

Mr. Anderson organized two strong churches and erected two fine church buildings. He was an active, influen- tial member of the Synod, and was three times elected to the General As- sembly of the Presbyterian church. His sermons affect the mind more than the feelings, and some of them are

very able productions. His manners are rather unclerical ; and this fact, in

connection with his disregard of a few

i

of the conventionalities of life, has led some who have only a slight acquaint- ance with him to suppose that, with him, religion is altogether a matter of the head and not of the heart. But those who know him well are aware that his heart is full of the real, vital spirit of Christianity— the love of God and man. His faith is simple and ab- solute, and influoners his every day life in a marked degree ; so that, upon the stump and in the political caucus, he is the same manner of man that he is in the pulpit and Synod.

AS A JOURNALIST.

Mr. Anderson is a born journalist. His first connection with the press was in California, where lie was a war corres- pondent of the San Francisco Bulletin. Afterwards, in Js'ew York, he wrote many of the glowing reports of the great Sanitary Commission fairs ; and in Philadelphia he edited the Sanitary Commission Bulletin. During his pas- torate at Junction City, he wrote a great deal for the Junction Union, had charge of it whenever its editor, Geo. W. Martin, was absent ; and even that able journalist will admit that the paper never suffered at those times. When President of the College he also founded the Industrialist — that gem of Kansas papers. As a writer he is clear and trenchant, pungent and powerful — always using words the meaning of which cannot be misunder- stood— and using no more than are needed to express his ideas. If he ever leaves Congress, the next best place for him to make a great name for him- self and do good to mankind would be at the head of a great newspaper.

AS AN EDUCATOR.

Without any previous experience as an educator, except as Regent of the State University, Mr. Anderson was elected President of the Kansas State Agricultural College in 1873. Previous to that time it had been a good literary college, but — partly because of lack of means — it was not a success as an in-

44

John A. Anderson.

dustrial institution. The Board of Regents, having decided to change its general character, cast about for a new President, and the writer was requested to sound Mr. Anderson iu relation to accepting the position. We did so, and were met by a flat refusal, put upon the ground of want of experience in that direction. AVe answered, that this lack of experience was, in his case, a recommendation. Industrial col- leges, as such, had been failures, and there was little hope for success in the future without a radical change of pol- icy. Professional educators were al- most certain to follow in the old grooves with the customary results. A new man, whose habits of thought had not been biased by long travel and train- ing in a certain direction, would be more likely -to discover the defects of the old system and devise a remedy etc., etc. Mr. Anderson finally con- sented to take the matter under advise- ment, and, in the end, accepted the position. After long and careful con- sideration of tbe whole subject, he in- augurated "a new departure," that bids fair to exert a lasting influence upon educational affairs. In a "Hand- book of the Kansas State Agricultural College," published in 1874, he sets forth fully the reasons for the changes maclo in the old system, a few of which we epitomize:

1. It is impossible for mo*t people to find time to study everything that it is important for some men to master.

-. The subjects discarded, in whole or in part, by each separate class of students should !"■ 1 1 lose that it is sup- posed will be of the least importance to them.

3. Of those retained, prominence should be given to each in proportion to the actual benefit expected to be de- rived from ii.

4. The old system was organized for flu purpose of educating men "for (lie professions," and was so well ar- ranged for that object that few resist the bias in these directions they re-

<<i\ c at College.

5. The farmer and mechanic should

be as completely "educated as the law- yer and minister (and the latter as thoroughly as the former) ; but the in- formation that is essential to the one class is often comparatively useless to the other ; and it is therefore impolitic and unjust to compel all classes to pur- sue exactly the same course of study.

6. Ninety-seven per cent of the peo- ple of Kansas are in the various "in- dustrial" vocations, and only three per cent in the " learned professions ; " but our educational system has been arranged apparently with special ref- erence to educating men for and into the already crowded professions. That is, prominence is given to the studies 1 hat are most useful in the professions instead of to those that are most use- ful in industrial pursuits. This state of things should be reversed, and the greatest prominence given to the sub- jects that are the most certain to fit the great majority for the pursuits they should and will pursue.

7. Most young men and women are unable to go " through " college. Therefore, each year's course of study should, as far as practicable, be com- plete of itself— as an addition to what has gone before, and not as a mere preparation for something that is to come afterward but may never be reached — so that those who do not graduate (and who constitute nine- tenths of those who enter college) will have derived the greatest possible ben- efit from the lime actualy spent in college.

8. As a matter of fact, college grad- uates are unprepared to earn a liveli- hood, and they must, therefore, spend months or years in learning how to carry on some kind of business.

9. Experience has demonstrated that, alter young men have devoted themselves fora mini her of years solely to t lie study of books, only an infinites- imal proportion of them will willingly work with (heir hands; and, (me and all, they struggle to gain a foothold in a niche thai will not hold the fourth part of them — and I he i villaining three- fourths go through life failures.

John A. Anderson.

45

10. The natural effect of exclusive head work, as contradistinguished from hand work, is to beget a dislike for the latter.

11. The only way to counteract these tendencies is to educate the head and the hands at the same time, so that when a young man leaves college he will be prepared to earn his living in a vocation in which he has fitted himself to excel.

But we cannot enlarge on this sub- ject; and will only add that we are confident Mr. Anderson has laid the corner stone upon which the future ed- ucational system of the Nation will be built.

AS A STATESMAN.

It took much persuasion to induce Mr. Anderson to temporarily leave the ministry for the College, and it required even more to induce him to allow his name to be used as a candidate for Congress; but his friends are satisfi 'I that he is even better lit ted to succe< d in his present sphere, than in the one he has heretofore adorned. His first canvass was made at a trying period in the history of the party. Eesumption had been ordered, but it was not an ac- complished fact; and his predecessor, Colonel Phillips, was one of the most ultra of the Greenback Republicans. He, however, visited and spoke in ev- ery organized county in his district, one of the largest and the most populous in the United States, and received the larg- est majority then ever given in the dis- trict ; the vote standing : Anderson, (Rep.) 30,457 ; McClure, (Hem.) 14,919; Gale, (G. B.) 5,716. During the last session of Congress he made several speeches and introduced a number of bills, several of which are expected to become laws. Great efforts were made by United States Senator Ingalls and the corrupt ionists of the district, to prevent his renomination, but when the convention met he received the votes of all but two counties. He again can- vassed his district, even more thorough- ly than before, and the vote stood : An- derson, (Rep.) 48,780; Burns, (Dem.) 22,- 496 ; Davis, (G. B.) 7,350. His plurality

was 26,284, and his majority — which is the largest majority ever received by a Republican candidate for Congress — over all, 18,934. In every county in the district, his percentage of the vote was larger than it was two years before, which amounts to a demonstration that his popularity is increa jing, in spite of the well known fact that no Congress- man is able to make much of a show- ing before the public during his first term. As a Congressman, Mr. Ander- son's strong points a

1. II is scrupulously honest. His name will never be mixed up in dis- honorable transactions, and he will make no promises that he does not in- tend and expect to fulfil.

2. He is thoroughly educated, and has Idled successfuly so many differ- ent positions, that he can speak and act from experience and personal knowl- edge on an unusual variety of topics.

3. He has remarkable tenacity of purpose, especialy in his friendships. He never uives up while there is a shred of hop.' left, and will at any time sacrifice his own interests to help a friend.

4. While courteous to and liberal with his colleagues, he has sufficient manhood to insist upon his rights, as the senior Senator from this State has ascertained to his no small chagrin.

5. He is acquainted with many of the leading men of the Nation, and is well constituted to secure their respect and support.

6. He has a great deal of the per- sonal magnetism that enables some men to obtain and retain warm friends, and without which a public man has hard work to rise.

7. He has a large, healthy brain, well stored with useful knowledge, and one that is capable of mastering every subject with which it grapples — and in detail as well as in mass.

8. He is a teetotaler, and has no per- sonal habits that are calculated to .of- fend the consciences of any of his con- stituents, or in any way to interfere with his private or public labors.

In short, he has every personal qual-

46

John A. Anderson.

ity that is needed to help him to rise ; and, in addition, has troops of friends, all over the State, who delight to lend him a helping hand. There can hard- ly he a doubt but that he is the coming man of Kansas. His influence will in- crease from year to year and no limit can be put to his upward progress. If he retains his health he is hound to be- come one of the 'foremost men of the Nation ; and that fact is becoming so manifest that the class who wish to pay court to the rising sun, are already clustering around him.

We will only add that, as Mr. An- derson belongs to the best class of statesmen, all who wish to see the Nation well governed should give him a cordial support.

THE CASH HOUSE OF

E. B. PURCELL.

The most prominent of Manhattan business houses is that of E. B. Purcell, who came to Manhattan from Newton Hamilton, Pennsylvania, in the year 1866. Mr. Pureed conducted a compar- atively n 101 lest business for sometime, until he got the "run" of the trade. Then he began to branch out. First, lie luiilt a large stone building beside the one he was occupying'. Then he moved the frame he had been occupy- ing, and put in another large stone and brick structure. Next he purchased the building west and remodeled it en- tirely, putting in a brick front. This is now occupied hy t he Manhattan Bank. By this time, his buildings occupied a Large space. The main buildings front on I'oynt/. Avenue and Second street, and are 74x137 feet, containing over

7,0011 feel Of floor space.

Then Mr. Purcell stopped to take breath. Not long, however. Mis bus- iness spread, filled and overran his quarters. He added a huge warehouse and elevator, 50x100 feet. He built corncribs to accommodate his business in that line, which aggregate a length of 440 feet, and the whole block of buildings is now filled witli goods from basemen I to -arret.

It is certainly within bounds to say that Mr. Purcell has more store and more house room than any other mer- chant in Kansas — those of Topeka, Atchison and Leavenworth not except- ed ; also that he carries the largest aggregate stock of goods, and does a heavier business than any other man in the State.

The business of the house is divided into the following apartments : Dry Good and Notions, Clothing, Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes,

Blank Books, Stationery and Toys, Groceries, Staple and Fancy, Produce, Butter, Eggs and Poultry, Hardware, heavy and shelf. Stoves, Tinware and Crockery, Paints, Oils and Window Glass, Grain, Feed and Live Stock, Agricultural Implements. Entering the house at the east front door, you encounter the Dry Goods de- partment, in which is carried a large and complete assortment of dry goods and notions. Opposit is the Clothing, Hat and Cap department, and a glance at the stock will satisfy all that any taste can be suited. Going deeper we discover the Stationery, Blank and School Book department, which is ar- ranged to display as fine a line of goods as is usualy found in a complete stock. Then we come to the Boot and Shoe department. Here one can be fitted with the finest or coarsest produced in the land, in gents', ladies' or children's wear. Opposit, arranged in glass show cases and on shelves, we see that old and young can find toys, picture books, and notions of all kinds that are necessary to gladden the heart at Christmas time. Proceeding, we come to the Grocery department, in which is carried the largest stock in the west. Staple and fancy shelf goods, (lour, in fact, everything thai can possibly be thought of as belonging to a first class grocery slock. Here, in the rear-of the

building the main Offices are located, consisting of general office, vault and Mr. Purcell's private office. Passing around through the grocery depart-

E. B. Purcell.

47

merit, we enter the Hardware depart- ment. In this will be found again one most complete in itself. Stoves of all kinds, from the largest range to the smallest heater. Queensware, Paints, Window Glass, Wagon work, and a comple stork of Shelf Hardware.

The largt Warehouse in the rear is devoted entirely to the storage and sale of agricultural implements, and. hand- ling of feed, grain, &c. \\\ this depart- ment, the handling of live stock of ev- ery description is attended to by care- ful and competent men.

This establishment deals in "Every- thing" almost literaly. What you eaiinot purchase here, it is almost need- lesa to inquire for elsewhere. An im- migrant coming to this county can go into Purcell's and buy all his farming utensils, wagons, carriages, stoves, hardware, groceries to last him a year, clothing, and dry goods, sewing ma- chine and organ. At the end of the year he can haul his corn, wheat, or other grain, bogs, cattle, or anything he may raise, and his wife may take her butter, eggs and poultry — all to Purcell's, and get the highest market price for them. This is one of the se- crets of his success. A farmer can sell there everything he raises, and he can buy there everything he needs in the pursuit of happiness and comfort.

MANHATTAN BANK.

This institution was opened in May, 1870, by E. B. Purcell, who still retains exclusive ownership and control.

In November, 1870, Jno. W. Webb assumed the position of Cashier, and has had supervision of the business ever since.

The Bank occupies twenty-four feet front on the west side of E. B. Purcell's block, and has all the necessary equip- ments for the extensive business trans- acted within its doors; is furnished with elegant black walnut counters fitted with heavy ground plate glass, fire proof vault, and latest improved burglar proof chests — all conveniently

arranged to facilitate the transaction of business.

A genuine hanking business is trans- acted. Foreign and inland exchange, commercial paper and municipal and corporation bonds are bought and sold ; hills and notes are discounted ; collec- tions are made on all accessible points ; foreign bills of exchange are drawn di- rect on all the principal cities of Eu- rope ; long time loans are made on real estate: — in short, everything that a metropolitan bank can do on approved business principles is done equaly as well here, while the extensive personal acquaintance of the proprietor, all over the State, together with a long list of correspondents representing every im- portant business center in the State, enables him to give prompt and relia- ble information on almost every con- ceivable subject connected with or af- fecting any of the business interests of the stale.

THE PKIIIEHK MANHATTAN,

MANHATTAN MILL A XT) ELE- VATOR.

The formation of the

E. P.. PURCELL ELEVATOR, IMPROVE- MENT, LOAN AND TRUST COMPANY,

with a full paid-up capital of one hun- dred thousand dollars, was brought about by the well-known enterprise of E. B. Purcell, of this place, and Col. John B. Anderson, who, at the outset, determined to found an estab- lishment that would be a credit to the city of Manhattan, the State of Kansas, and themselves. The compa- ny was incorporated under the laws of the State of Kansas, and has for its officers : E. B. Purcell, President ; John B. Anderson, Treasurer; and James T. Ritchie, Secretary.

THE ELEVATOR

is one of the largest in the State, and undoubtedly the most complete and convenient of any in the country, com- bining all the latest improvements. The most important of these inventions

48

The Pride of Manhattan.

is the device for elevating and cribbing ear corn by machinery, which is the first arrangement of the kind ever built for cribbing corn, and it was a success from the start. This arrange- ment consists of a large elevator, which carries the corn from the sink hole under the dump floor to the top of the crib, and discharges it on a large belt which runs in a box or trough to rear end of crib close under the comb of the roof. There is an iron pulley every eight feet to raise the belt from the bot- tom of the box, thus enabling the belt to carry the load of corn without much friction. This box is so arranged that the corn can be switched off on either side at every eight feet. This belt re- turns, through a box in the center space in crib floor, and carries the corn from the crib to sheller when wanted. The elevator has a capacity for holding about 25,000 bushels of grain. The cribs attached hold about 15,000 bushels of corn. Everything is so admirably arranged about this institution that al- most everything is done by machinery, hut one or two hands being necessary to run the elevator.

A wagon loaded with corn drives on- to the scales, in the weighing room, and is weighed. The load is then driven up into the elevator, the end gate taken out, a lever moved, and the hind win sis suddenly sink down about three feet and the corn shoots down I lie opening into the cribbing sink if desired to crib it, or, if it is to be shelled immediately, a valve in the shoot is turned and it goes directly totheshell- er, and is shelled, elevated to the clean- ers, cleaned, weighed, and spouted into the bins, or <-ar, as desired,

A\A, IX FIVE MINUTES,

and without being bandied in any way exc pi by machinery.

Tint shell ■:■ will shell six hundred bushels of corn per hour, or 6,000 per day of ten hours. This is equal to 1,800,000 bushels per year, or the pro-

dih-| of 1."), o:iil acns of land, producing forty bushelfi per acre

The machinery of the elevator is so admirably arranged that a person on

the first floor can operate it without moving half a dozen steps. He can shell, elevate it, clean it, weigh it, de- posit it in bins or a car, by simply mov- ing a lever, or by pulling certain cords, all of which are labeled so no mistake can be made. A register is in the room, whereupon is registered the number of bushels of grain in each bin.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FLOURING MILE.

The flouring mill, which is the pride of Manhattan, and, without doubt, the finest and most complete in all its parts of any in the State, is built on the Union Pacific Railroad, adjoiuing the large elevator built by this Company. The mill is 32x46 feet, four stories high, with basement. The stories were all built high, so as to accommodate the necessary machinery, which fact adds greatly to its value. The walls are very substantialy built of stone, and nicely pointed. The building is well proportioned in size, as are also the doors and windows. With its mansard roof, it is a magnificent looking struct- ure, and its foundations and solid walls make it a substantial one. In giving a description of this model mill, it is our aim to be as perspicuous as possible, so that the many visitors may have a good understanding of the numerous machines and the proper use of each. Beginning at the basement, we will describe the machinery of each floor until we reach the top.

IN Till: EASEMENT

will be seen a heavy line of shafting, extending the whole length of the mill house, and through the south wall into the basement of the wareroom. On this end, is a large band wheel, which is driven by a long, thirty -inch wide, live ply, rubber belt from the large hand wheel of engine. On this line shaft, running through thebase- ment, are seven 11x45 inch pulleys for driving the mill-stones, one pulley to drive the rolls, one the chop conveyer, and one the exhaust fan ; also a pair of mortise beve] gears, to drive the up- right shaft that extends to the top of the mill, from which the machinery on each floor is driven. The husk

The Pride of Manhattan.

49

frames, on which the burrs rest, are all east iron of the best and latest improved patterns, and are securely bolted down to brick piers laid up with cement. There is au adjustable tightening pul- ley, in iron frame, for each run of burrs, conveniently arranged with hand wheels, so that each belt can be tight- ened or slackened with ease, enabling one man to start or stop either of the seven run without stopping or chang- ing speed of the engine. The exhaust fan here is a novel device for drawing the dampness or steam from the fresh ground chop and from the burrs, thus keeping the spouts dry and free from sour dough, which is a great trouble in most mills. There is a large collecting bin, in connection with this device, in which all the flour dust settles and is saved. Quite a number of eleval used for elevating the grain, chop, etc., extend down to the basement floor.

THE FIRST STORY

is an elegantly finished room, the walls being nicely plastered, and the wood work tastily painted, while the wood work belonging to the machinery is neatly put together, of pine and black walnut, oiled and varnished. On this floor, are seven run of four feet, best, old-stock French burrs, substantialy mounted on iron husk frames, which stand in line the entire length of the house on one side of the room ; of these, five are fitted with Welch patent heat- ers and used for grinding wheat, and two for grinding middlings, all with polished brass hoppers and nickel plate ; the entire line presents a grand appear- ance. There is also on this floor a set of large rolls, or crushers. This ma- chine weighs 3,500 pounds, and is used for crushing the coarse portion of the middlings into flour. Also, two "Eu- reka " flour packers that will pack the flour in barrels or sacks of any size as it eomes from large bins on second floor.

THE SECOND FLOOR

contains one of Reiser's improved bolt- ing chests, one Becker brush machine, and all the bins, or stock hopper.-, which contain the cleaned grain and purified middlings ready to be ground.

This bolting chest contains four reels, twenty feet long, and nine conveyors. The reels are well braced with truss rods, making them superior to those of other mills, and are clothed with the I. «t silk bolting-cloth, of the Du Four & Co.'s brand. The numerous convey- ors and slides, or "cut offs," are neces- sary, and are used for regulating the grade of flour, and to convey the portions to be rebolted and worked over to their respective spouts. The Becker brush is one of the best ma- chines for polishing and finishing the wheat ready tor grinding.

THi: THIRD FLOOR

is called the "purifier" floor, from the fact that one-half of the room is occu- pied by four large "American Mid- dlings Purifiers." These machines are used to purify the middlings, s iparat- ing the fine bran, am! other substances that are detrimental to good Hour, from the middlings, leaving them pure and white. From this product, the "pure patent" flour is made, by regrinding and bolting. There is also on this floor one two-reel and one four-reel bolting chest, made after the same style as the one on second floor, an "Eureka" smut machine and an "Excelsior" bran dus- ter. This well-known smutter and sep- arator is acknowledged to be superior to any other machine for taking out the smut balls, scouring the grain, and separating the cheat and imperfect grains from the good wheat. The bran duster is used to brush off and save all the flour that may adhere to the bran after leaving the bolt.

IX THE FOURTH STORY

are the heads of all the elevators, twelve in number, on one line shaft, one' single- reel bolting chest, one four- reel chest, one Barnard wheat separa- tor, and one corn meal bolt. The single reel is clothed with . coarse bolting cloth, for the purpose of separating the bran from the flour before entering the superfine reels, making the work and wear on these expensive cloths much less than in the old manner of bolting. The four-reel chest is used for separat- ing and dusting the middlings, pre-

.50

The "Pride of Manhattan.

paring them for the purifier, and for bolting the crushed middlings that come from the rolls of first floor. The Barnard separator is the best machine in use for separating sticks, straws, oats, cheat and cockle from the wheat.

THE MACHINERY,

from the engine to the last extremity of shafting, from largest to smallest machine, is the best that could be pro- cured for money. And the planning and arranging of the machinery in the entire mill house could not well be im- proved ; for, though the house may seem small for the necessary machin- ery for a seven run mill, it is not ham- pered or crowded, there being plenty of room for any man to pass through to examine all machinery, with a suit of fine broadcloth and tall silk hat, and come out without the usual mill marks on his clothes. The bolting chests are all free and convenient to get at, not a spout, post, or elevator in the way of putting on the bolting cloths, nor to in- terfere with the opening of any one of the bolting chest doors on its hinges.

Another important feature in the mill is, that the house is not used for the storage of any grain or offal. All the grain is stored in the large elevator adjoining the mill, and spouted into the mill as wanted. The offal is all spouted into a building for that purpose, also the dust from all cleaners and purifiers, Leaving the mill house clean/md unen- cumbered.

TIIK ENGINE HOUSE, built of stone, is 32x40 U^\, one story hitfh above ground, and contains all the necessary machinery for furnishing power to both mill and elevator. One thousand and six hundred cubic feet of cut stone masonry were used in ma- king a foundation for the engine, which is a genuine "Corliss," made by the Corliss Steam Engine Company, of Providence, I!. I., 120 horse power, cyl- inder 18x48 inches, is a high pressure, non-condenser, with Corliss' latest im- proved cut-off. The fly wheel is fchir- .y-one inch face, sixteen feet in diame- ter, and weighs 16,000 pounds. The total weight of engine is 76,000 pounds.

To supply the necessary amount of steam, two of Corliss' centennial pat- tern vertical tubular boilers, four feet in diameter and fourteen feet long are used, being, with furnaces, twenty-two feet in bight.

One of Dean's direct acting steam pumps is used for filling the tank, from which the boilers receive their supply. There is also connected with the pump a stand pipe, extending to top of mill and elevator, with hose attached on each floor, all ready for use in case of fire.

At the northwest corner of the en- gine house stands the smoke stack, ten feet at the base and tapering until it reaches the bight of eighty feet from the surface of the ground.

THE OFFICE,

located west of the mill, is a two story frame structure 24x24 feet. The first story is used for the general office of the company, and for the weighing, on a 22-feet Fairbank's Scale, of all grains going into the elevator on wagons, the arrangement being such as to enable the office man to remain at his desk and do the weighing. The second story is used as a store room for sacks and light supplies for mill and ele- vator. The Company also has an

ELEVATOR AT ST. GEORGE, in Pottawatomie county, seven miles east of Manhattan, of the same capaci- ty, the machinery used being dupli- cates of that used in their elevator in I his place. They also have a mercan- tile establishment at that point, for the purpose of furnishing the residents of Pottawatomie adjacent with goods, be- ing modeled after the business house of E. P>. Purcell, in this city, and deal- ing in everything.

The Company also has branches at Wabaunsee, Fairfield, and Alma, in Wabaunsee county, on the line of M., A. & B. II. I!., at which points tliey handle merchandise, agricultural im- plements, grain, lumber, live stock, and produce of all kinds, furnishing

the farmer everything he may wish to purchase, and always ready to buy

Rocky Ford Mills.

51

anything the farmer has to sell, at highest market price on day on which it is delivered. They have also pur- chased ground at Ames, in Cloud coun- ty, on the line of the Central Branch R. R., are building granaries and pro- pose to establish a general business at that point also.

ROCKY FORD MILLS.

The Rocky Ford Mills, mentioned on page twenty-eight of this work, belong to E. B. Purcell, of Manhattan, and may, therefore, be very properly refer- red to here. They are located on the Big Blue river, a little more than three miles from Manhattan, and de- serve more than a passing notice. The writer has often stood on the bank of the beautiful river, just below the grand water fall made by the dam at Rocky Ford, and watched, with the deepest interest, the great cascade of clear water that pours in an unbroken stream ever t lie dam, uttering its voice of power, and rolling away over the rocky bed of the stream below, and has wondered that so little of this giant power was utilized.

THE WATER POWER.

Rocky Ford, where these mills are located, derives its name from the tact that there is a smooth, rock bottom entirely across the river at this point, which affords the best kind of a foun- dation for dam, abutments and build- ings. The dain is three hundred and forty-two feet long, and the fall ten feet. There is an unbroken stream of water, always falling over the entire length of the dam ; and it is estimated that enough power is unused to run twentv or more mills. The dam is built of heavy oak timbers, bolted down into the solid rock. The only places in the State where as much power can be obtained are on the Kan- sas river east of Manhattan, and at all of those points a part or all of the dams must be built on piles. They also have other drawbacks of so serious a charac- ter that it can be safely asserted that, taken as a whole, the Rocky Ford mill

power is the most valuable one in the State.

THE MILL BUILDING

is a massive structure, 40x60 feet, and four stories high. The entire building is of stone, and the foundations, which are laid on the solid rock, are excep- tionaly strong, having been built four feet thick from the bottom of the river to the second floor, and the stone laid in cement. The mill is furnished with three run of stone, with all necessary machinery for doing first-class work, and is so arranged that two more run can be added at a comparatively small expense.

PLENTY OF LAND AND STONE.

Mr. Purcell, to whom the mills and water power belong, also owns, in con- neetion with it. over seven hundred acres of land, including both banks of the river. On the wesl side of the river, the bank is steep, and one-fourth of a mile back rise- into a rocky knoll, or bluff, containing millions of tons of excelctit limestone. Some of the ledg- er furnish stone from one to two feet thick, and from them the foundation of the mi!! and the abutments of the dam were built. Other ledges are thinner and will furnish stone suitable for building purposes in inexhaustible quantities. There is a downward in- cline all the distance from the stone quarries to the water's edge, and stone of the best quality can be delivered on the banks of the river for further im- provements at a merely nominal cot. On the east side of the river, there is a level plain, just high enough to be in no dauger of being overflowed, and large enough to furnish room for build- ings, yards, etc., for an extensive man- ufacturing village.

The Manhattan and Blue Valley railroad, which has been graded to the north line of the county, runs along the west bank of the river. It is ironed from Manhattan to a point two miles north of the mill property ; and there is no doubt but that this road will be completed, which will still further in- crease the value of this now valuable property.

52

George W. Higinbotham.

A BONANZA.

Taking the volume of water, character of river bottom, quality of laud, quan- tity aud quality of building stone, etc., it is certain that Mr. Purcell has a bo- nanza iu this property, and that there must soon be a flourishing village at Rocky Ford. Those who wish to avail themselves of the advantages of this water power should address E.B. Pur- cell, of Manhattan, who will make lib- eral arrangements with all who wish to embark in any kind of manufactur- ing enterprise at that point.

JIOX. GEO. W. HIGIXBOTHAM.

Hon. Geo. W. Higinbotham was born June 3d, 1829, iu Washington county, Pennsylvania. His father was a farmer in moderate circumstances, and was not able to give him a com- plete education. He went forth in the battle of life, with a few months' schooling, obtained at a country school; and country schools in those days were not of the highest order. However, in spite of these disadvan- tages, as he possessed a naturaly quick mind and great ambition, he has since i acquired a large fund of general information, and does not suffer from a comparison with many of those who ire youth was spent in schools

and col] Xn ordinary observer

would, in conversation with him, per- ■ that he had not had the best of advantages in the educational line, for In talks fluently, correctly and intelli- gent

I 'i L845, al the age of sixteen, he

imenced clerking in Waynesburg,

Greene county, Pa., and i here laid the

foundation for whal ha • sin i an

unusualy successful bu career.

In 1850, he removed to Connorsville, Fa; county, Indiana, where be

commenced merchandising on bis own account.

Four years afterwards, he was united in the bonds of matrimony to Miss

Sarah Fearris, of that place, from which union there resulted a son — Lewis F. Higinbotham — uow twenty- five years of age. Soon after his birth, Mrs. Higinbotham was borne to her last resting place, but the motherless boy was well cared for by loving rela- tives.

In 1856, the Kansas fever swept through Indiana, and Mr. Higinboth- am was orie of its earliest victims. When the haughty slaveocrats of the South spurned the "mudsills " of the North, demanded the repeal of the Missouri compromise, announced their intention of compeling free men all over the Nation to hunt and hold their slaves in subjection for them, and un- dertook by force to make Kansas a slave. State, they excited a feeling of in- dignation and horror in the minds of the better portion of the young men of the North (and old ones, too,) that they had not dreamed of, and commenced a contest that was not to end until the last slave had become a free man and an American citizen. Mr. Higinboth- am was one of the earliest of those who took up the gauntlet that had been so contemptuously thrown in the faces of such as did not take pride in fawning at the feet of the (so-called) "chivalry," and resolved that, if lie could prevent it, Kansas should not be polluted by the monster whose pestif- erous breath blasted everything it touched, and in the baleful light of whose vicious eyes could ever be read a notice, "The masses have no rights that I am bound to respect."

At that period, Kansas was the poor- est place in the Nation to make money in; and the Freesoilers who came here were as generaly impeled by patriotic emotions as were the blue coated he- roes who subsequently kepi step to the music of the Union during the latter phases of this same contest. And we will add that it took as much genuine courage in these days, to leave home and friends hundreds of miles behind, and pass through hostile Missouri and its border ruffians, for the purposeof settling on the tcnantless plains of Kansas, and grappling with the un-

Geo. W. Higinbotham.

53

scrupulous elements congregated upon her border, backed as they were by the general government itself, as it did a few years later to follow the flag to or- ganized battle against these same men and principles.

PIONEERING.

It was in such a period of the Na- tion's history that, taking his life in his hands (and he had but little else besides a brave heart and clear head to bring with him) Mr. Higinbotham left his old fireside in the spring of 1850, to build up a new home on the battle ground of freedom. Upon reaching the city of Leavenworth — the then metrop- olis of the Territory — almost the first person he met was his brother Uriah, who, unknown to him, was on his way to California. Uriah had traveled from Virginia to St. Louis the preced- ing winter, in a "jumper," and had reached Leavenworth a couple of days before, intending to cross the plains from that place with a team. George W. determined to go with him, but, as his health was poor (he then weighed only 95 pounds) Uriah tried to dissuade him from so perilous a journey, saying that he knew he would have to bury him on the plains. George, however, with regular Higinbotham grit, still persisted in his determination to go, until Uriah finaly offered to settle with him in Kansas if he would re- main. This was exactly what George wanted, and they decided to " take claims " near Fort Riley.

The two brothers found that it would cost them about twenty-five dollars to reach their intended home by stage ; and as they only had about eighty-five dollars apiece, they felt that they could not put on so much style. Instead of doing this, they bought a second hand wagon and a yoke of oxen for one hun- dred and twenty-five dollars, and after buying twenty-rive or thirty dollars' worth of provisions, etc., "started for the west." The first night they reached Hickory Point, but could not procure lodgings, and were compeled to camp out. The night was very cold, and, as they had but one blanket

apiece, they came very near freezing to death. George looks back to this as one of the most trying nights he can remember, in his whole life. The next night, two dollars apiece obtained for them the privilege of lying on the bare floor. Journeying on, they cross- ed the Big Blue at Juniata, four miles north of Manhattan, and reached Og- den in April, 1856. After securing claims, on Eureka bottom, they sold their teams for two hundred and twen- ty-five dollars, and doubled on the pro- visions they had left. Finding out, in this way, that money could be made freighting, they footed it back to Leav- enworth, purchased another team and a load of provisions, and commenced a successful career as freighters. At that time, Jefferson City, Missouri, was the nearest railroad point, and goods of all kinds were brought up the river in steamboats, and wagoned into the in- terior. When going "to the river" the Higinbothams would buy butter, eggs, and produce of all kinds, to sell in* Leavenworth, and take orders for goods to be delivered on their return trip. They generaly slept in or under their wagon, but, being better provided with blankets, did not suffer. They also made considerable money selling "Town Company shares." They bought them with the privilege of returning the shares or a certain sum of money at a specified time, and sometimes sold them before that date for more than twice what they were to give.

The winter of 1856-7 was one of the severest ever known in Kansas ; and, being compeled to suspend their team- ing operations, they cut Cottonwood logs, hauled them to Ogden to be saw- ed, and erected a pre-emption cabin. The lumber was green, and every fire built inside caused it to sweat and steam in a most uncomfortable and unhealthful manner. In the morning, they would cook their breakfast, of coffee and "slapjacks," fill their pock- ets with the latter, and go off to their work, feasting at noon on the frozen contents of their pockets. Weakly as he was, it is not surprising that Mr.

54

George W. Higinbotham.

Higinbotham, more than ouee that winter, came near dying- — a martyr to his relentless determination to get ahead in the world, cost what it might. In 1857, they were joined by Wm. P. Higinbotham — a younger brother — and the same line of business was kept up two years longer, during which period they acquired a title to a section or more of land, and other property.

AS A MERCHANT.

In 1859, the three brothers exchanged a part of their land for the stock of goods belonging to ( ieorge Miller, who will be remembered by the old settlers in this place, and immediately com- menced doing a general mercantile business, in Manhattan, under the firm name of (J. W. & II. Higinbotham & Co. Beside their home business, they freighted extensively to the moun- tains and took a number of govern- ment contracts, in all of which they were remarkably successful, and accu- mulated money with astonishing ra- pidity. In 1864, Uriah Higinbotham died, leaving a widow and three daugh- ters, the eldest of whom, Miss Flora, has since been married to James T. Ritchie, of this place. The property left by the deceased has been so care- fully managed by bis brothers, George W. and William P., that, besides sup- porting the family, it has increased to a snug fortune.

In 18<)(i, the remaining brothers sold their stock of goods to E. P. Pureed, and established a private banking house, the only one at that date in this section of the State, but, the business not proving congenial to George W's tastes, he remained in it only about a year.

In 1807, Mr. Higinbotham formed a partnership with Ash ford Stingleyand Orville Huntress, under I he linn name of Geo. W. Higinbotham & Co., and re-entered the mercantile arena. The new firm did a prosperous and rapidly increasing business until 1S75, when Mr. Higinbotham sold bis interest to his partners. Since that time, be lias devoted himself exclusively to dealing

in grain and real estate, of which he is a large owner.

As a business man, Mr. Higinboth- am is known all over Kansas, and stands high. In financial matters, his word is as good as his bond, and his bond is worth its face in gold eighteen carats fine. From the day of his first purchase, down to the present time, he has kept his credit good by living up to his contracts with scrupulous fideli- ty ; and this is one of the chief reasons of bis success, for, as soon as his char- acter became known, he could get all the credit he wanted and more. Shrewd and cautious, he takes no step until he knows just where his foot will fall ; but when he starts for an object he never stops until it is reached or even passed. He is already one of the wealthiest men in Kansas, and his riches increase from year to year. He has reached the stage when a careful capitalist can al- most compel success.

IN PUBLIC LIFE.

As might have been expected of one who came to Kansas to help make it a free State, Mr. Higinbotham was an active partisan in "the times that tried men's souls." In 1858, he was elected to and served as a member of what is known as the Leavenworth Constitu- tional Convention, that framed a con- stitution for the State in opposition to the pro-slavery document called the Lecompton Constitution, which Bu- chanan's administration attempted to force on Kansas. Since that time, he has often represented Manhattan in county conventions and the county in district and State conventions. He has also been twice elected Mayor of the city and repeatedly to the Council. He would have been kept in ofiicial life a large part of the time but for the fact that he never consents to be a can- didate except when the demand for his services appears to be substantialy unanimous. For several years after the admission of Kansas into the Union as a State, Mr. Higinbotham took little part in jiolitics, except when al- most dragged into it, but of late years

George W. Iliginbotho.m.

55

he devotes more of his time to public matters. He is now recognized as one of the principal leaders of the Repub- lican party in this part of the State, and his influence is steadily spreading. He belongs to the stalwart school of Republicans, — is a great admirer of General Grant, and a warm personal friend and supporter of Hon. John A. Anderson. Indeed, he was one of the first to urge the latter to become a can- didate for Congress. His extensive ac- quaintance with the leading men of the State, his knowledge of human na- ture, and the energy with which he pushes whatever he takes in hand, make him an enemy to be feared and a friend to be desired.

IX PRIVATE LIFE.

Mr. Hisrinbotbam was married in 1862, to Miss Adelia E. Newell, former-

ly of Otsego county, Xew York, and they have three children living. Es- ther, seventeen years of age ; Cornelia, fourteen years ; and Scott, nine. Mrs. Higtnbotham is highly esteemed by all who know her ; and well she maybe, for, with unusual strength of mind she combines all the qualities needed in a wife and mother. The family reside in a large, plain, stone house, near the business center of town ; and the fact that its head spends his spare time at home speaks volumes for all the mem- bers of the family — himself included. Mr. Higinbotbam has three wealthy brothers : Wm, P. Higinbotbam, who lives in Manhattan; Alexander, who lives in Leavenworth ; and John, who lives in Topeka. All have large fami- lies, and, as their family feeling is strong, their influence in every direc- tion must steadily increase!-

WILLIAM P. HIGIXBOTHAM.

IXSURAXCE AGENCY.

The utility and beneficial results of insurance compani< -. established upon correct principles and a substantial capital, has so long been acknowledged that what ought to be done is not ques- tioned ; but, leaving for individual consideration the question a> to when insurance should be taken, and under what circumstances it should be de- layed or omitted, we beg leave to suggest, in this connection, that the best tirru to insure is h</or< you sus- tain the loss ; therefore, delay in this matter is, of all thines, most improvi- dent.

A moment's candid reflection must convince any thiukintr mind that the policy of providing asrainst loss and disaster by fire, appeals to all who own or are interested in property subject to this impartial and relentless destroyer. In this connection, we desire to call attention to the insurance agency of Wm. P. Higinbotham. Established in 1859, it has been conducted, since its organization, in such a manner as to merit the entire confidence of the community at laree.

The substantial character of this agency may be measured by the fact that, at the present time, the gross assets of the companies represented reach very near $50,000,000. We ap- pend a partial list of the companies represented and their assets :

^Etna, of Hartford $7,000,000

Hartford, of Hartford 3.500,000

Connecticut 1,500,000

Home. ofNew York 6,500,000

Niagara 1,400,000

Underwriters 3,300,000

Westchester 850,000

Star 585,000

Phcenix 2,500,000

Ins. Co., X. America, Phila., 6,500,000

Franklin, Phila 3.245,000

Girard 1,161,000

Lancashire of Eng 878,000

Commercial Union 1,653,000

56

Wm. P. Higinbotham.

In presenting the name of Mr. Hig- inbotham to the readers of this work, it will be at once recognized in this community as that of a well-known and bonored citizen, who has resided in Manhattan over twenty-four years, and, during that time, been prom- inently identified with the business interests of the city and county ; and, for the past twenty-one years, in af- fording security to citizens against the ravages of the devouring elements, or losses from unforeseen and unavoidable accidents.

He is a gentleman eminently quali- fied for the responsible position which he holds, that of banker and insurance agent ; and his name is a sufficient guarantee that, in case of loss, prompt- ness will follow in the adjustment of claims, and speedy payment ensue without unnecessary and annoying de- lay and litigation. His motto has al- ways been to receive good and equit- able rates for policies, and then to see that the policy holder, in case of loss, receives the full compensation which he is entitled to ; and he will represent no company that will quibble in the least about paying its just dues.

HIS BANK.

Mr. Higinbotham has conducted successfully, since it was first organ- ized, the oldest Banking House in Central Kansas. With a large capital and good fine of deposits, this Bank has, since its organization in 1859, pur- sued a career of uninterrupted prosper- ity. It is universaly conceded to be one of the leading and among the most solid financial institutions in Kansas; and Us patrons and depositors are com- posed of the leading farmers and busi- ness men of the city and surrounding country. George A. Higinbothanij,8on of Wm. I'. Higinbotham, is the com- petent and efficient cashier. The cor- respondents of this Bank are among the leading monetary bouses in the country, and ils record for the last twenty-two years lias been of the most spotless and unsullied character.

HIS FINE STOCK.

Mr. Higinbotham has also several extensive farms, both in Riley and Pottawatomie counties, which are man- aged under his own supervision, with the best of success, and on which he raises thousands of bushels of corn each year, which is brought in and fed to his extensive herds of Shorthorns and grade cattle, horses, mules and hogs. These herds deserve a special notice, and the particular attention of our readers is called to the page of this work where Mr. Higinbotham offers for sale some of this choice stock, which we, in a measure, shall attempt to de- scribe. (In the same connection he will offer some valuable real estate on the best of terms.)

Mr. Higinbotham's corrals are lo- cated southwest from the city, just out- side the corporation limits. We doubt if a better location for stock feeding purposes can be found in the State. The beautiful Kansas river, as it sweeps in from the south, passing close under the Moehlman bluffs, is joined by the Wild Cat from the northwest, a short distance above the corrals, and? hurrying to the east, passes by to the south, on its way to join the Father of Waters, in its journey to the sear and affords water for the stock, as it runs, rippling, pure and sweet, at their feet. The corrals are protected by timber and high bluffs on the north. St rong, substantial board fences extend back from the river to the bluff, divid- ing the grounds into yards, in which the stock is divided or subdivided, to suit the wishes of the owner. At the time of our visit to these ya,rds, there were being fed about one hundred and fifty cows, forty head of horses and brood mares, twenty mules, one hun- dred and twenty calves, and two hun- dred head of hogs. There was no crowding and hustling about, which is so detrimental to stock, and which can not l»e avoided where they are crowded into small or uncomfortable quarters. Every animal could be approached and handled, and all seemed to know Mr.

Wm. P. Higinbotham

57

Higinbotham 's voice, and expected notice from him. Everything was

IN [TS PROPER PLACE,

the feed racks and boxes conveniently arranged in the handiest places for the stock to reach them. In one yard we noticed eighty-five calves, lately taken from their mothers, and a finer lot it was never our pleasure to examine. They were uniform in size, very large, and, although they were only grades, it would require an expert to distinguish between them and the thoroughbreds. They are some of Mr. Higinbotham's own breeding, and, with the exception of about thirty, were sired by his fa- mous bull, Joe Nelson, who, by many, is considered the best bull in Central Kansas, as all his calves show his many fine points of excelence. He is a thoroughbred, of the Booth stock, bred on the College farm, with an ex- celent pedigree.

Mr. Higinbotham makes no preten- sions as a breeder of thoroughbreds, although he keeps a few fine cows and heifers of the purest blood, whose ped- igrees are complete, and on some of which he took premiums at our county fairs over a large number of compet- itors who are making the breeding of thoroughbreds the study of their lives. "High grades" is his forte.

IN THIS LINE OF BREEDING,

he claims, and the experience of our farmers bear him out in it, lies the success of cattle raising. A pedigree will sell animals for a fabulous price, but when they are slaughtered they bring no more than the high grades. Many of our farmers find it beyond their reach to purchase a thoroughbred, and it is much more profitable to pur- chase an animal from one-half to two- thirds less, that lacks but a thirty-sec- ond or a sixty-fourth of being as pure, and, although he may not be entered in the American Herd Book, will produce calves that will bring them just as much beef and can be sold for just as much money for that purpose at the age of three years.

To meet the wants of this class of stockmen and ranchmen of Western Kansas, Mr. Higinbotham has selected a few of his best developed calves within the last two or three years, and raised them as graded bulls, but the supply has not equaled the demand. The coming season he will

SELECT FORTY OR FIFTY

of the best bull calves, those that are graded up and that show promise of being excelent animals, and will rear them carefuly to supply this increas- ing demand for grade bulls. There is no breeder in the State better prepared or better qualified for this business than Mr. Hi.trinbotham. His large herd of cows is graded as high as fif- teen-sixteenths. In addition to Joe Nelson, spoken of above, he last fall purchased Airdrie Challenger, a prize bull exceled by none in the State. He it mk the sweepstakes over all compet- itors at the meeting of the Kansas and Blue Valley Agricultural Society in October last. He is now only nineteen months old, but weighs over one thou- sand four hundred pounds, and a more perfect bull, not only in points of development but in his excelent pedi- gree, speaking from a stockman's standpoint, cannot be found.

A FEW CHOICE THOROUGHBREDS

will also be raised to supply those who desire to purchase bulls that can be and are entered as such in the Ameri- can Herd Book.

The horses and mules which he has bred and reared himself, and which he refers to and offers for sale in this con- nection are excelent. They can be purchased at very reasonable prices, as Mr. H. intends to devote his ener- gies more particularly to the breeding of cattle.

The advertisements referred to in the preceding sketch of Mr. Higin- botham are as follows :

58

Wm. P. Higinbotham.

1880. ESTABLISHED 1859.

W. P. HIGINBOTHAM, BANKER,

COB. POYNTZ AVE. AND 3D ST.

Manhattan, Kansas.

DEALER IN EVERYTHING OF

VALUE,

also Life and Fire Insurance Agent, Notary Public and Conveyancer. Taxes paid for Non- Residents. Col- lections a specialty.

He gives special personal care and attention to all branches of his busi- ness, and invite the patronage of the public. Promptness is his motto.

THOROUGHBRED AND HIGH GBADE

CATTLE.

I will sell, during the summer of 1881, some very fine Cattle— Bulls,. Bull Calves, Cows, Heifers and Steers Choice animals, in fine condition. Buyers are especialy requested to see my cattle before purchasing. Favor- able terms given if desired.

Wm. P. Higinbotham.

HORSES, MARES AND MULES.

VAL CABLE REAL EST A TE.

I have for sale, at fair and reasonable prices, a large amount of improved and unimproved City Property and Lands in Riley and adjoining counties, in Kansas -property thai has been se- lected with tare, and that is good, and well located, and which I will sell on reasonable terms. Parties desiring to purchase will do well to see me before

buying.

Wm. 1'. Higinbotham.

Five span of tip-top Young Mules. Two span of Large Work Horses. Two span of large Work and Brood

Mares. This stock is mostly young and well broken, in fine condition, and will be sold during the next three months Please call and see them. Respect fuly,

Wm. P. Higinbotham.

Manhattan Ks., Dec. 1880.

Stingley & Huntress.

59-

STINGLEY & HUNTRESS.

GENERAL MERCHANTS.

One of the most elegant and impos- ing business blocks in the city of Man- hattan is the one occupied by the above named firm for its commercial busi- ness.. Situated on Poyntz Avenue, near the post office, its business loca- tion is not surpassed by any other house in the city. The building is a substantial structure, built of brick and stone, and was planned and erect- ed expressly for the convenience of this firm, and is admirably adapted in every way for the purposes for which it was designed. The building is two stories in hight, with a large and com- modious cellar. It fronts on the ave- nue twenty-five feet, extending back one hundred feet. A large frame building in the rear serves for the pur- pose of store room for the machinery and coarser articles handled by this firm.

The first floor of the main building is used as a general sales room and office. The second floor is devoted al- most exclusively to their display of tapestry, brussels and ingrain carpets, oil-cloths, and goods pertaining to this line of clothing. There is scarcely any article in the mercantile line that is not kept in stock by this enterprising house. They do a business of over $125,- 000 per year, and their trade extends over a large territory, comprising the counties of Riley, Pottawatomie, Wa- baunsee and Davis, and all along the Union Pacific railway to Colorado, to which State they ship an immense quantity of produce.

THE GROCERY DEPARTMENT.

The grocery and provision business of the city of Manhattan forms an im- portant item of trade, and is one in which all classes feel an interest. The retail department of Stingley & Hun- tress, devoted to this line of goods, is giving the people of this city and ad- joining country the best of satisfac- tion, as its growing popularity shows.

There is no house in central Kansas that has a more extensive trade in this fine of goods. A delivery wagon is connected with this department, which delivers goods bought of them to any part of the city without extra charge. Their stock is complete, and they make a specialty of every article they sell. Nothing but those articles which are known to be good are al- lowed a place on their shelves. To this alone, in a great measure, is due the great popularity this department enjoys. Wm. Stingley, brotherof one of the proprietors, and W. M. Brown are the efficient salesmen in this line of goods. They are accomplished and agreeable gentlemen, and are eminent- ly deserving of the reputation which they sustain — that of being thoroughly posted in the business in which they are engaged, and as reliable, energetic business men.

DRY GOODS DEPARTMENT.

In a careful compilation of the vari- ous mercantile and commercial inter- ests of the city of Manhattan, it will be found that the annual aggregate of the dry goods trade alone makes no inconsiderable item of the general sum total of her business importance. The large and gratifying increase in the sales in this department, by the firm of Stingley & Huntress, since its or- ganization, goes to show that they possess the confidence of the public ; and the direct cause of this may be traced to the fact that the members of the firm are gentlemen of long expe- rience and unquestioned ability. They are careful buyers, and aim to keep only such goods as they can unhesita- tingly recommend. Their stock in this department is considered the finest in the city ; and to attempt to name over the different articles kept on their counters for sale would require more spice and time than we have at our command. Suffice it to say that their stock comprises everything from the costliest silks, satins and broadcloths down to the plainest cotton and flan nel goods.

60

Stinglcy & Huntress.

THE NOTION DEPARTMENT

is also connected with this counter, and it is stocked with all articles handled in the notion trade. These de- partments are presided over by Geo. L. Brooks and O. C. Earner as sales- men. Both have been long identified with this house, and consequently have an extensive acquaintance with the community at large. They have no superiors as salesmen in the city, and are noted for their courteous and obliging manners.

READY MADE CLOTHING.

An extra counter runs through the center ot the sales room, on which is neatly arranged a complete assortment of ready made clothing for gentlemen and boys' wear, and furnishing goods. Since the adoption of this trade as one of the departments of their extensive business, it has steadily increased, un- til it will now compare favorably with that of any other establishment in central Kansas.

CROCKERY, CHINA AND GLASS WARE.

The elegant assortment of fine Chi- na crockery, majolica and glass ware constantly on exhibition at this estab- lishment constitutes one of the princi- pal attractions of a shopping tour in Manhattan to the admirers of the ce- ramic art. This house devotes a great deal of attention to developing a taste for the beautiful in this line by placing before their customers each new and novel design as soon as it makes its appearance in the metropolitan bazars. Nor, in their desire to cultivate a re- fined taste for the elegant, have they neglected to keep constantly on hand a full stock of serviceable and useful goods of the more common kinds for ordinary purposes; and, as a result, this department has become the head- quarters in Manhattan lor every varie- ty of goods pertaining Id this branch of business. You will find here ele- gant breakfast, dinner and lea sets, chamber sets, and (he finest grades of China, iron, stone and glass ware for table use, with the finest vases of many different designs. In feet, there

is such an extensive assortment of use- ful and ornamental goods that it would be utterly impossible for us to enumer- ate them in a work of this kind.

HATS, CAPS AND FURNISHING GOODS.

The most complete and extensive stock of hats and caps, for men and boys, gents' furnishing goods, trunks, valises, &c, is to be found here. No house keeps a greater variety or sells at prices more reasonable.

CARPETS, BLANKETS, WALL PAPER, ETC.

Stingley & Huntress' store has, for a number of years, been considered the emporium for this class of goods. All grades and varieties are kept by them, and they defy competition.

BOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS.

No firm in the city is better qualified to or does bring to this market a line of boots and shoes better suited to the wants of this community than Sting- ley & Huntress. Their extensive trade in goods of this kind, during the last five years, has enabled them to find out the best manufactories in the coun- try, and of them they buy. No better quality of goods is handled in the city, and the stock is full and complete, and you can buy of them at very reasona- ble prices anything from the coarsest brogans to the finest kid slippers. Their stock will bear the closest exam- ination.

HARDWARE.

It would be impossible for us to enu- merate every article of the great varie- ty of goods which may be found upon the shelves and counters of this exten- sive department, and we, therefore, mention only some of the leading arti- cles most commonly used by the far- mers and mechanics of this vicinity. The hardware business of this estab- lishment was added but a few years ago, and was originaly started in a comparatively small way, but has steadily increased with the other de- partments until it now ranks second to do other establishment in the city, in the variety and quality of goods car-

Stingley & Huntress.

61

ried. Here may be found every de- scription of foreign and domestic hard- ware, blacksmith and carpenter tools, agricultural implements, saddlery and carriage trimmings, builders' hard- ware, iron, nails, ammunition and fishing tackle, glass, paints, oils, var- nishes, brushes, hand sleighs, counter- scales, lawn mowers, cutlery, etc. In cutlery of all kinds, a specialty is made, and one can rest assured that every article of this description pur- chased ot Stingley & Huntress, is first- class in every particular.

MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT.

Under this head may be classed all other goods not named or described above ; for, we can assure you, that there are very few articles in trade, in Kansas, but what are handled by this enterprising firm. You will here find clocks and jewelry, perfumery, per- fumed oils and extracts, sewing ma- chines, (the Dauntless, than which there is no better machine manufac- tured and which they are selling at $25.00), cigars and tobacco of the best brands, chemicals, patent or proprie- tory medicines, tin and copper ware, confectionery, plumbers' outfits, milli- nery and fancy goods, dyes of all shades, flour and chopped feed, &c, &c. Here, also, farm produce, such as butter, cheese, eggs, potatoes, &c, are received in exchange for goods or cash, at the option of the producer.

At certain seasons of the year, large shipments of farm products are made by this firm to Denver, Colorado, and other western points, where they have an extensive correspondence.

If our indulgent readers will now al- low us to introduce them into the ex- tensive warehouse used by this firm principally for storing away the coarser articles handled by them ; such as barbed wire, cordage, machinery, &c, we have no doubt but that they will join in saying ; it is the most complete and extensive, as well as supplied with the best farming implements, &c, of any similar establishment in this section of our great state of Kansas.

The warehouse is situated in the rear

of the store, but is easily approached from several different directions. It is a one story, frame building, 28x110 feet, and at all times in the year may be found filled to its utmost capacity with

AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND FARM MACHINERY.

If he who causes two blades of grass to grow where but one grew before, is a public benefactor, what should the man or firm be called who, by inven- tive genius and skill, enables one man to do the work of scores, and produce scores of acres of life-giving grain where in olden times but one could be properly secured and cared for with the clumsy, cumbersome utensils and implements of less than half a century ago? Conservative agriculturists of those days ridiculed the idea that ma- chinery could be made to supersede sickles and cradles ; and if they had been told that within the short space of fifty years they would see their sons riding over their fields on sulkies, with plows attached, doing better work and more of it than they ever dreamed could be done, they would have laugh- ed at the profits. Yet all these things have come to pass and old veterans of the plowshare are to be seen in every community, who would be unable to follow their vocations were they obliged to time their tottering and fee- ble steps to the old walking plow ; but, as they occupy the easy seat of the Hapgood Sulky Plow, they laugh aloud as they say, "I am doing more and better work now than I did in my palmiest days." Stingley & Huntress only, sell this plow. There is no other plow that has been able to compete with it in any field for its lightness of draft and ease in handling, as the fol- lowing certificates will show :

We, the undersigned, having been chosen a committee, by the farmers present, to test the draft and work of the Hapgood Sulky Plow, as compared with a Fur3t& Bradley Walking Plow, report as follows :

Manhattan, July 28.

The Hapgood Sulky is very easy to

62

Stingley & Huntress.

throw out of the ground in turning ; lays out and finishes a land perfectly ; can be adjusted to any depth or leveled while the team is in motion ; does first class work, and is lighter on the team than the walking plow, the following being the result of a careful test with a Fairbanks' dynamometer:

Hapgood1 s Sulky Plow.

Width of cut, 16 inches.

Depth of furrow, 7.7 "

Average draft, 500 pounds.

Furst & Bradley's Walking Plow.

Width of cut 14 inches.

Depth of furrow, 7.7 inches.

Average draft, 502 pounds.

Both plows were in good order.

(Signed by) J. E. Spalding, Jas. Al- lingham, J. F. Craig, Jerome King, Jas. G. Williams, Henry Daniels, J. A. Hardy.

At Riley Center the same report was made by the following committee, with the exception that the Hapgood was there in competition with the Mishawaka walking plow, and the av- erage draft was, Hapgood plow, 477£ lbs., and the Mishawaka walking plow, 510 lbs. C. W. Knapp, C. Oldham, J. Roberts, A. Kerr, Allen Sumners, C. Ellis, B. Dallinger, K. D. Jones, R, Walker and C. W. Brackett, Com- mittee.

In its trial with the Furst & Bradley plow, it came the nearest to being de- feated that it ever had been. Stingley & Huntress immediately accepted the agency for that plow, and placed it in the market. These two plows are now acknowledged the best in the market, and we Mould say, farmers, look to your interests, and when you want a plow, see the Hapgood and Furst & Bradley's, before purchasing.

Stingley A: Huntress also handle the liron'i, Com Planter, which needs no recommendation. Everybody knows that it is now and for many years has been the best planter made. It now lias the Ojxii Hi' I /))■<>/>, carrying the Beed into full view, avoiding all dan- ger of clogging or leaving the corn on

top of the ground, so objectionable"_in most planters.

The Buckeye Drill, sold by Stingley & Huntress, is now and always has been the leading drill. It is a force feed grain sower, and has an ingenious device for measuring the amount of grain sown per acre, as well as meas- uring the ground sown. It sows even- ly, and just as well on rough, uneven ground — which cannot be claimed by any other drill.

Corn Stalk Cutters. Two or three of the best varieties are kept. There are none better in the market.

The Bain Wagon, the standard of excelence. This wagon continues to be the lightest draft, best painted, most durable, strongest, finest finished, most popular, and the prize wagon at our fairs. That the best is always the cheapest is a recognized fact, and the Bain has always been considered the best wagon, by the farmers, since its first introduction by Stingley & Hunt- ress. Every wagon is sold under a warrant. If you want the best wagon in the market for all purposes, buy the Bain. It will never fail you.

In Barbed Wire several different brands and makes are kept, that the wants of all may be supplied. Tons upon tons of this wire are sold each season, which enables this firm to turn it over to the farmers at prices that defy competition.

There are many oth er articles, such as corn shelters, harrows, wind mills, threshing machines, etc., which we have not space to give more than a passing mention of. But as they are sold by this responsible firm, it is a sure guarantee that they an- first class, and that the market affords none better.

J. R. Young is the efficient book- keeper, and has been engaged with the firm as such lor a number of years, lie is a young man of sterling quali- ties, and is recognized by all as one possessing an unblemished character, and remarkable ability in his chosen profession. He is also Clerk of the City Council, and fulfils his duties to the satisfaction of all.

Stinyley & Huntress.

63

A. STINGLEY

the senior member of this firm, is a native of Virginia, coming to Kansas a short time after the war closed. He soon afterward occupied a position as salesman in the firm of Higinbotham Brothers, which position he held until 1869, when he became one of the firm, and to his energy and indomitable en- terprise, in connection with his fine taste in selecting goods for our market, is largely due the success and high reputation this house sustains. He does all the buying for the dry goods department, and visits New York City twice a year for that purpose. He is a hard worker, besides being an excelent salesman, and, during the working hours, spends his time among the dif- ferent departments, lending a helping hand, and seeing that everything is moving in its proper way. He is an honored member of our city council, and holds the responsible position of chairman of the street committee. At no time since the organization of the corporation has there been so many im- provements made in our streets and sidewalks, as during the past season ; and it is largely due to his indefatigable efforts to improve and beautify, in ev- ery way possible, " the beautiful city." Mr. Stingley is a self made man. Landing in Manhattan comparatively poor, he has accumulated a considera- ble property, and built for himself one of the most beautiful residences in the city, which is represented in the ac- companying cut :

On the first day of January, 1870, Mr. Stingley married Miss Louise Pen- nock, of Leavenworth, and has three children, viz : Lizzie Lee, nine years old, Louis, six, and Henry, three.

Mrs*. Stingley is highly esteemed by all who know her. Modest in her manners, pure and gentle in her spirit, an earnest worker in every good cause, and an exemplary wife and mother, she adorns the handsome home her husband has made for her.

ORVIXLE HUNTRESS,

the junior partner of the firm, was born January 7, 1846, in Oxford county, Maine. He came to Kansas with his father, Amasa Huntress, in the spring of 1857. He commenced to learn the the printing '^business in 1859, but remained in it only a few years, and, after clerking awhile for the Higin- bothams, entered the banking house of Wm. P. Higinbotham, and remained with him as book keeper until he be- came a partner in the firm of G. W. Higinbotham & Co. In the present firm, he attends especialy to the corres- pondence, book-keeping and general management, and has established an enviable reputation as a business man. When he left the employment of Mr. Higinbotham, the banker, that gentle- man said he was the only book-keeper he had ever had that he had not known to make a mistake. His breadth of grasp and attention to details are re- markable, and are among the chief reasons for his success. "We say "among" the ehief, for the principal one of all is his unswerving integrity. Mr. Huntress was raised in this com- munity, and if, as man or boy, he ever did anything mean or dishonest, the fact has never become known. There is not a man in Manhattan who is more universaly and justly respected than Orville Huntress.

He seems to have little or no taste for political life, but has nevertheless held a number of important positions, and always with credit to himself. He is one of our most public-spirited citizens, and, m an unostentatious manner, is ever striving to benefit his

64

Sting ley & Huntress.

fellow-men. It was largely due to his enthusiastic, self-sacrificing energy, that the Riley County exhibition at Bismarck Fair was so grand a success. He gave to it much of his time and brains, and never allowed a single de- tail to be overlooked, from the begin- ning of the contest to the drawing of the prize. He visited every part of the county to enlist the farmers, and spent more than a week on the fair ground, superintending the arrangement of the display.

Mr. Huntress has accumulated a h'andsome competency, and, as he is careful in business matters and inex- pensive in his habits, it is probable that he will be numbered among the wealthy men of the land.

In 1866, Mr. Huntress married Miss Louise Stingley, a sister of Ashford Stingley, his partner. She was a light- hearted, winsome lady, and her death, Which occurred a few months ago, cre- ated a profound impression in our com- munity, where she was so universaly beloved. She left two children, viz:' Katie, twelve years old, and Edith, two.

P. W. ZEIOLER.

DEALER IN HARDWARE.

In enumerating the different lines of business carried on in Manhattan, that of the hardware dealers should receive a conspicuous place. P. W. Zeigler, the most prominent of these dealers, came to Manhattan and entered into business In 1867. He fully mastered his trade of tinsmith in Illinois, serv- ing an apprenticeship, and working thereafter fourteen years as a journey- man, before he sel up in business lor himself, In Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He spent a few very prosperous years at that place, but, meeting with a good

offer, he sold oul and came to Kansas ; since which time he bas been closely

identified with the hardware ,trade here.

HIS PLACE OF BUSINESS

is on Poyntz avenue, between First and Second streets. His sales room is 20x60 feet ; and, during the past sum- mer, he has built on a stone addition, 25x80 feet, which contains a well ar- ranged shop for his workmen, where all the tinware of the establishment is manufactured. This shop is not only well arranged and convenient, but is well ventilated and lighted ; and great pains has been taken to make it pleas- ant for his workmen. In the rear of the shop there is a large store room, am- ply sufficient for all purposes of storing the coarser articles, not kept in the sales room but pertaining to the hard- ware business, and a large supply of other articles to keep the sales room re- plenished. One of the features of this sales room is, that it is so large and com- modious as to always look neat and tidy.

A NATURAE REPUGNANCE

to entering a hardware store is felt by a great many persons, especialy ladies, who cannot bear to creep around in dark and devious alleys, with stoves and ironware piled high above their heads, dreading every moment that the mass may tumble down upon and crush them. Neither do they delight in having their skirts drawn over and against rusty and black iron pots and kettles. All this is done away with at Zeigler's. As you enter the sales room, a broad and clean aisle greets you, run- ning the whole length of the room, flanked on either side by counters, ex- tending part of the distance, from which the finer articles are sold; such as crockery, glassware, cutlery, bolts, screws, nails, &c. Then you

COME TO STOVES,

all set on casters that can be moved around for inspection, with the great- est ease, and one has but to stand and admire as they are rolled out and turn- ed about for inspection, and then re- turned so readily to their proper places. The stock handled by Mr. Zeigler con-

P. W. Zeigler.

65

sists of stoves, bolts and screws of all sizes and dimensions, blacksmith fur- nishing goods, wagon springs and fix- tures of all kinds, nails, hinges, and door attachments, keys, cutlery and carpenter tools, granite ironware, tin and copperware, crockery and glass- ware, bath tubs, cans, pails, and wire- cloth screens, and the celebrated Sen- eca Falls pumps, arranged for either a hand or power pump. This is the only agency in this section for the

MAY BROTHERS WINDMILL,

of which he has put up several, and they have never failed to give the best of satisfaction. Washing machines and wringers that have heen proven to be good articles, are kept in stock. Glidden barbed wire is a specialty, and in this article Mr. Zeigler defies com- petition, both in the quality of the wire and in the prices asked. Well buckets with their attachments, and shovels, and forks, with their handles separate, when so desired, and all other farm im- plements are kept in endless variety. He is the only dealer in kerosene oil in the city that keeps oil

RECTIFIED TO ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIVE,

and which he is selling at a slight ad- vance. The common oil is also kept for sale at the regular price.

A more than passing notice should be given to the stoves and cutlery here kept for sale. The want of base burn- ing stoves that would properly burn the soft coal that is generaly used here has been long felt, and in the Stewart and Argand burners the want is sup- plied. Many of our citizens have dis- carded their old stoves and purchased these of Mr. Zeigler, who is the only agent for them in the city, and they have never failed to give entire satisfac- tion, whether hard or soft coal was used. A large assortment of the best heaters, in which wood is used, is kept in stock. Several different kinds and sizes of cook stoves are sold here. Mr. Zeigler, after trying several different kinds of cutlery, decided that the

CELEBRATED SEARS FIRM

produced the best, and their goods he handles principaly now. No better pocket knife was ever produced than is manufactured by them. Nothing but Sears' knife will suit the people in this vicinity, after they have once tried it. Their other cutlery is giving the same satisfaction. A large amount of roofing and eave-guttering is done by this house each year, and the trade in this department is increasing rapidly. As fast as the people become acquaint- ed with the cheapness and durability of these roofs, when properly put on as Mr. Zeigler does it, they quite generaly have them. Several hands are now given constant employment in putting on these roofs, putting in pumps, and other work pertaining to the business outside

Charles Divine, a finished workman, who has been in his employ fourteen years, oversees the work in the tinning department. Mr. Zeigler has an able assistant in

HIS SON HARRY

in the sales room. The extensive trade established by Mr. Zeigler is largely due to the reputation he has establish- ed as a square dealer, possessed of ster- ling integrity. The prices asked ar« always as low as the goods can possibly be handled for, and nothing but a good article and one that he can recommend can find a place in his store.

W. H. LO WE.

DEALER IN FARM IMPLEMENTS.

The surest evidence of the success of anything brought forward in trade and ottered to the public, is the demand its use creates. The judgment of popular opinion is usualy well based, and the verdict of the people is almost certain to be correct, and to be rendered from

66

W. H. Lowe.

the standpoint of merit. From the first establishment of Mr. Lowe in trade in Manhattan, in the spring of 1880, as a representative of the Moline Plow Company, his volume of business has steadily increased, and the terri- tory of trade correspondingly enlarged. This house deals exclusively in agri- cultural implements, and, consequent- ly, is better prepared than any other in the city to meet the wants of the farm- ing community.

The warehouse is located on the cor- ner of Poyntz Avenue and First street, directly opposit the Adams House, in a two-story brick building with base- ment, which is roomy and well ar- ranged for the business.

The specialties handled by him are: The Moline Plow Co's plows, walking and riding, Fish Brothers' farm and freight wagons, buggies, carriages and spring wagons, the Barlow rotary corn planter, Quincy corn planters, Avery, Barnes and Haworth check rowers, Triumph drill, Avery stalk cutters, single and double, Tiger self dump sulky hay rake, Favorit hand dump sulky hay rake, Tiffin revolv- ing hay rake, Eagle one and two hole hand sheller, Favorit hand and power shellers, Marsailles (Adams) power sheller, Kingsland & Ferguson power shellers, Victor one horse wheat drill, Sucker Slate one horse corn drill, Randall disc harrow ; with cane mills, fanning mills, etc. He also handles Brockway's celebrated platform spring wagon, and the Walter A. Wood twine binder and mowing machine, which has no equal. All of the above implements are worthy of more than a passing notice, but space will not permit us to mention the mer- its of them all, yet some have met with such special favor among the formers of this vicinity that a few of the commendations pass< d upon I hem by good judges will he given.

As regards the Moline sulky plow, such remarks as these are heard: "It Is the best plow for all purposes that ever struck Kansas." u For simplicity of construction, durability, strength,

lightness of draft and ease with which it is managed, the Moline is beyond the reach of successful competition." These are strong terms, established by the verdict of the people, and the best qualities will always win. This is the only plow that works equaly well as a stirring plow or breaker, and stalks do not have to be broken before plowing with the Moline. Much could be said in favor of the walking plows of this celebrated company, but space will not permit.

To the Fish Brothers' farm and freight wagon, which has so taken our farmers by storm, since being intro- duced by Mr. Lowe, we must give some space, as well as a few of the rea- sons why this is considered, by many, the best wagon on wheels. First, only butt cut timber is used in them. Sec- ond, the wheels are all soaked in boil- ing linseed oil before being painted. Third, it is the only wagon on which Holmes' patent self-oiling skeins are used, the whole right and title having been purchased. The principal points of its superiority over all other skeins are: First, its bearings are perfectly straight, which does away with side draft. Second, it is unnecessary to re- move the wheels to oil. Third, it will retain oil longer, having an oil cham- ber, and is so constructed that oil cannot run out at the point of the spindle ; with many other points too numerous to mention, but which can be seen on examination. We urge upon you, if you want a good wagon, to call at Mr. Lowe's and examine this one, and get the prices before buying any other. This celebrated company also manu- facture spring wagons, buggies, car- riages, etc., which Mr. Lowe is selling very cheaply.

The Barlow rotary corn planter is king over all others ; in fact, it is the easiest handled : the most substantial ; the lightest draft ; the best for mellow or hard and cloddy fields ; is correct in the amount of kernels in the hill, with the corn in full sight of the driver for five separate hills in advance of the deposit, and is warranted to work

W. H. Lowe.

67

equaly well with Avery, Barns, or Haworth check rowers. 2s ow, while on corn planting, all those that lister their corn will find a lister at Lowe's that will do the work equal to any, for half the price usualy paid for a lister. It is a heauty.

More cultivators and mowing ma- chines were sold by Mr. Lowe last season than were sold by all other deal- ers in this section combined. The sea- son last year bringing forth a short crop of wheat, but few of the twine binders were sold ; but those that were sold gave the best of satisfaction. In consequence, Mr. Lowe expects to dispose of a large number here the coming season. One great advantage derived by farmers in buying their in- plements of Mr. Lowe is this : He keeps on hand the different parts of the machines he handles, so that in case any part is broken by careless- ness or otherwise, it can be supplied by hirn at once, without that vexatious delay which so often annoys farmers in hurrying time. All of the machinery that leaves his shop is guaranteed to be made of first class material. If any breakage occurs from flaws or defects, he is always ready and willing to make it good. Mr. Lowe is a first class busi- ness man, possessed of indomitable energy and perseverance, and in the short time he has been located here has built up a trade unsurpassed by any implement house in Central Kan- sas. He has a branch house in Clay Center, which is doing a good, lucra- tive business. He has the entire con- fidence and respect of his many cus- tomers and the community at large. Call and get descriptive pamphlets and cuts of all machines, which will give a clearer and better description than can be done here.

L. R. ELLIOTT.

REAL ESTATE AGENT.

The real estate business conducted

by L. R. Elliott, Esq., is one of the permanent and prosperous institutions of the county. He is a native of south- ern New York, but settled in Manhat- tan in 1868. He opened his real estate office in October of the same year, ta- king at that time the agency of the

KANSAS PACIFIC RAILROAD LANDS,

which agency he has held continuously with the exception of fifteen days, from that time to the present, a period of more than twelve years. This contin- uous acquaintance with the lands, ren- ders him familiar with them in all par- ticulars, and purchasers wfll find him a good man to address or call on for in- formation on railroad lands.

In January, 1870, he was made local agent for sale of the lands of the

MISSOURI, KANSAS AND TEXAS RAIL- ROAD,

(now Missouri Pacific) and he still re- ams the appointment and is selling those lands, and is ready to give all re- quired information concerning them.

In July, 1873, Mr. Elliott received the appointment of agent for the sale of the Kansas State

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE LANDS,

and this position he still occupies. The College lands are probably the best ag- ricultural lands, as a body, now in the market. There are, at this time, about twenty-four thousand acres yet unsold, situated in Riley, Marshall, Washing- ton, Clay and Dickinson counties. Maps, and full particulars of these lands, may be obtained by addressing L. R. Elliott, at Manhattan, Kansas.

Besides these large lists of lands, Mr. Elliott has charge of unimproved lands owned by private parties, aggregating

MANY THOUSAND ACRES,

in Riley, Pottawatomie, Wabaunsee,

L. R. Elliott.

Clay and Davis counties, as well as many improved farms. It is easy to be seen that one having such an extensive agency, and being for years familiar with the lands, can do better for his patrons than can be done by any one whose list is less extensive, or whose knowledge of the business and experi- ence in it is limited.

H. A. YO UNO & CO.

LUMBER DEALERS.

The lumber interests form an impor- tant factor of the commercial prosperi- ty of every thriving community. It is very important that those who intend coming to the West should know before they start, what it will cost them to build after they arrive here. There is no point, west of the Missouri river, where lumber is furnished cheaper than at Manhattan. This is owing to the way lumber is handled here, and the manner in which the trade is con- ducted, especialy by the above named firm. This firm consists of H. A. Young and the Northwestern Lumber Company, which company has its principal office at Hannibal, Missouri. It is one of the richest lumber compa- nies in the West, and manufactures all of its lumber in its own extensive pine- ries in the State of Wisconsin. Its principal saw mills are located at Eau Clair, in thai Slate, where the business is carried on to such an extent that nearly one thousand men find constant employment. In winter they are cut- ting the logs and hauling them to the river, and they are .floated down to the mills at (In time of high water in the spring. In the summer months this large force of hands is employed in the mills, sawing out the lumber, taking It from thence and stacking it up in the yards until it is thoroughly dry, when it is returned to the planing

mills where it is planed, matched and fitted, or otherwise prepared for mar- ket. The lumber sold by Mr. Young is shipped

DIRECTLY FROM EAU CLAIR

to his yard in Manhattan. One can readily see that he can sell and make a fair profit at prices that other dealers, not so favorably situated, could not lay theirs down here at, much less sell for. By getting his lumber directly from the mills, he saves all the expenses that accrue in handling over at different points, and the different profits that each dealer through whose hands it passes must make. Another large item saved is in transportation. By having his lumber shipped directly through from the manufactory, the rates are not nearly as high as they are when shipped to different points* and then re-shipped again.

THE LUMBER YARD

at Manhattan, which is located on the corner of Houston and First streets, near the railway, occupies three lots. It is large and commodious, and is sur- rounded by a high picket fence. The office fronts on Houston street, and the shed in which the choicest lumber is kept extends back the full length of the yard on the east side. There being plenty of room in the yard, it is not necessary to pile lumber to an inconve- nient bight. The alleys and road ways are wide and excelently arranged, so that a dozen teams can be loading and unloading at the same time with- out any inconvenience to each other. A well, convenient for watering teams, is one of the specialties which is kept for the accommodation of his patrons.

MR. YOUNG COMMENCED

business in Manhattan in the spring of 1879, and his trade in a short time be- came extensive. The stock he handled was always found to be just what he represented it to be. He keeps a large supply of such kinds of lumber as are generaly used in Kansas for building purposes. Such as dimension stuff, flooring, fencing, sheeting, finishing, &c, lath, sash, doors, blinds, windows,

H. A. Young & Co.

69

and window frames. In fact, there is scarcely anything in the lumber line that is not kept in stock here. As we have mentioned before, his prices are very low and reasonable, and what he tells you in regard to the different qualities of lumber can be implicitly relied upon. There is no lumber dealer in Kansas who can fill a bill cheaper than he can, when he knows the quali- ty of lumber wanted. There are many, and it might be said a majority, of those who build who are ignorant or deficient in their judgment of lumber. In fact, it takes an expert to tell lum- ber of first quality from second, or sec- ond from third, etc., unless they are together, and can be compared ; and we are sorry to have to record that we know vof many instances which have come under our personal observation, where grades of a lower order have been palmed off by dealers, upon un- suspecting persons who could not dis- tinguish between the different grades, for a higher grade, or what they sup- posed they were getting. A bill will be handed in calling for

FIRST QUALITY LUMBER.

Figures will be returned to them on second or even third qualities. The prices will be much lower than from the honest dealer who means to give what is called for, and the unsuspect- ing farmer immediately accepts, and buys his lumber where he thinks he is getting it the cheapest, but in reality is paying from ten to twenty per cent more than he would have to for the same article at some other yard. Mr. Young will cheerfuly show you his lumber. He keeps some low grades which you can compare with better qualities and then take your choice. If you intend building, go to this yard and see the lumber before you buy. Mr. Young has been among us only about two years, but in that short time he has made for himself an enviable reputation for truth and honor, and is gentlemanly and obliging to all, and the lumber yard he conducts is an honor to the city of Manhattan.

THE CENTRAL DR UO STORE.

The leading family drug store of Manhattan, owned and operated by Dr. Jefferson Robinson, was establish- ed in 1879. The firm then was Robin- son & Little. During the summer of 1880, the latter's interest was purchased by Dr. Robinson, who has since conduct- ed the business alone. From the first opening, it has met with marked and encouraging success, and the trade has steadily increased. The building is a two story stone, with brick front, the upper story being used by Geo. Bur- goyne as a photograph gallery, for which it is especialy adapted. The lower story and cellar are used for the drug business. The building is sixty feet deep, with a frontage of twenty-five feet on Poyntz avenue. In the rear is the laboratory and the Doctor's consul- tation room or office.

This establishment is certainly one of the most elegant, commodious and con- veniently arranged of the kind in this section of the State. The stock com- prises a full line of the choicest, purest, and freshest drugs and chemicals, pat- ent or proprietary medicines, perfumer- ies, toilet articles, and toys of every de- scription. A full line of the choicest brands of cigars is also one of the spec- ialties.

THIS HOUSE MAKES A SPECIALTY

of preparing family recipes in the most careful and accurate manner, using only the purest and best ingredients.

T. E. Williams, who has charge of the drug store, is a young man well versed in the business, careful, accurate, and can be implicitly relied upon in com- pounding and putting up all prescrip- tions or orders for medicine which may be given. He is courteous and oblig- ing to all, and retains the unbounded confidence of the Doctor and the com- munity at large.

Dr. Robinson is a native of New York. He enlisted early in the war, served five years, and was in at its close, coming out as second lieutenant and in command of his company. Having selected the medical profession

70

Central Drug Store.

for his future career, he immediately entered Rush college at Chicago. He graduated from that institution with high honors in 1867. Selecting the west as the field for his future opera- tions, he located in Manhattan a short time thereafter, and has remained one of our honored citizens ever since. His demeanor is reserved, and by some he might be considered cold and distant, but the sick aud sufi'ering find in him kindness and sympathy personified, always ready to answer the calls of the afflicted. No matter what the distance may be or how boisterous the wTeather, be they rich or poor, they know he is sure to come. His practice is extensive, and growing each day. He seeks no notoriety but what he obtains by his practice, in which he is bound up body and soul. His many friends join with us in wishing him a large share of this world's happiness, aud may he remain long with us to help us in our time of need.

PA UL MALM.

BOOT AND SHOEMAKER.

The subject of this sketch, who was born in Sweden iu 1845, is now thirty- five years of age— the prime of man- hood. His father was a hardworking, industrious shoemaker, aud brought Paul up from his infancy to that trade. He did not neglect his education ; and until the time he left home, when twenty-six years of age, every spare moment was devoted to the develop- ment of his mind, and by this means all the common branches were mas- tered.

Mr. Malm came to America in 1871, and located at Petersburg, Illinois. He worked lor :i linn there,, doing lino work only, lor seven years. In 1878, he came to Topeka, Kansas, where he remained one year, and arrived in Man- hattan .I;m. 5th,1880. Soon afterward, he married an estimable lady, Miss Munson, of Olsburg, and Is now looked

upon as one of our permanent citizens. Coming among us a perfect stranger, it was prophesied by many that he would soon succumb. It was almost impossible for our old shoemakers to make a liviug, as it had become a recog- nized fact that most of the people of Manhattan were poor patrons of shoe- makers. But a revolution was coming, and Paul Malm was the man to bring it about. By liberal advertising, he got his name before the people ; and the first orders he filled gave such un- bounded satisfaction that others fol- lowed in quick succession. He soon had to increase his force, and then fur- ther increase it. His work was all done with neatness and dispatch, and every job turned out of his shop was first-class, and & perfect fit was always guaranteed. He was soon considered the bon ton shoemaker of the city, and he found it almost impossible to fill the orders as fast as they came in. Every one seemed to have a mania for custom made boots, and other shops also felt an increase in their business. Mr. Malm always spoke well of competing work- men, and, by this course, made them anfl their customers his friends. He is a perfect gentleman, courteous and obliging, and all can rest assured that if they want first-class boots or shoes — those that will fit like gloves, and still feel comfortable to the feet — Paul Malm is the man to make them. His prices are reasonable, and as good satisfaction cannot be obtained elsewhere.

WM. B. LEICESTER.

MERCHANT TAILOR.

For a number of years the name of Win. B. Leicester has been identified with the clothing trade in the city of Manhattan. Mr. Leicester is a native of England, where he served his ap- prenticeship, and afterward worked as foreman in a tailoring establishment for two years. He arrived in New York city in 1870. The tailoring busi- ness was very dull at that time in this

W. B. Leicester.

71

country, and in a few months he found his money running short, which has- tened his departure from that place. After his arrival in Kansas, his expe- rience was varied. Being endowed with an uncommon amount of pluck and energy, he did whatever his hands found to do, and did it well. He work- ed some time as a common laborer on the railroad, but soon got employment in a tailoring establishment owned by A. F. Kilker. Soon after that time, he ran a shop a few years in connection with Sam Long, whom he bought out three years ago, since which time he has conducted the business alone, and trade and custom have increased rapid- ly. Mr. Leicester is a practical and ar- tistic cutter, doing all his own work in this line. He employs from three to five hands, and, during the busy sea- son, a considerably larger force. He manufactures suits for business wear, or full dress, at prices ranging from $18 to $50, which will bear close and critical comparison with any turned out from the leading metropolitan es- tablishments of the east, and at much lower prices. His trade is principaly in the city and adjacent towns, and will amount to several thousand dol- lars per annum.

It is an admitted fact that clothes that are made to fit nobody in particu- lar never fit anyone particularly well ; and those of our citizens who wish to be well dressed, will consult their best interests by calling on Mr. Leicester, who is acknowledged the bon ton tailor of central Kansas, examine his ele- gant and seasonable stock, and leave their measures with him. He has, and is receiving each day, a large as- sortment of domestic and foreign fab- rics, selected especialy for this mar- ket, which he is prepared to make up in the most thoroughly workmanlike and fashionable styles, at prices that cannot help but give satisfaction.

DR.PATEE.

Dr. E. L. Patee was born at Oxford, Delaware county, Ohio, in 1832, where he spent his early days in attending school and teaching. At an early age he commenced the study of medicine, and attended lectures winters, until 1851, at the Eclectic College of Ohio and the Starling Medical College at Columbus, where he graduated with honor in the spring of 1852.

He had a small practice at Portland during the summers of the last two years before he graduated, and he re- mained there until 1854, when he re- moved across the Ohio river, to Ra- venswood, Virginia. He was driven from that place one year afterward, on account of his abolition sentiments, came to Kansas and located on a claim five miles southwest from Manhattan. He was Clerk of the Court from 1857 to 1859, when he moved into Manhattan and commenced an extensive practice, which he has retained to this day.

In 1861, he was one of the first to respond to the call for troops to defend our Nation, and to guard the frontier of this State against its old enemies from Missouri. He went out as sur- geon of the Second Regiment of Kan- sas Volunteers, which was destined to join General Sturgis' regular troops, then stationed at Kansas City, and who were preparing to join General Nathaniel Lyon, then at Boonville.

The career of the Doctor while con- nected with the army is well known to many of our citizens, who were sharers with him in the privations and glories of that time. All unite in pronounc- ing him the bravest of the brave, ever ready to lend a helping hand, and to relieve those who were in distress. There is nothing that will stir the heart more than to hear these old veterans, when they get together, talk over the stirring scenes they have passed through, among which the Doctor gen- eraly bears a conspicuous part. To re- count them all would fill a large vol- ume, but some of them are so striking that we will try and make space for

72

Dr. Pattee.

them here, as they illustrate so fully the impetuous character of the Doctor in whatever he considers is right and just. While at Clinton, Missouri, General Sturgis ordered ten of the First Kansas Volunteers, for some trifling offense, to be tied to cannon wheels and whipped. The regulars were drawn up in a hollow square, the cannons in the center, to each wheel of which was strapped a loyal Union sol- dier, stripped to the waist, under the full blaze of the July sun. An exam- ple was to be made : the word was given and the lash descended, cutting deep and gaping wTounds in the quiv- ering flesh of men who had risked all and taken their lives in their hands to fight the common enemy, and pre- serve our country from the hands of its would-be destroyers. The excite- ment among the volunteers was im- mense. Mitchel was calm ; Deitzler cried ; Sam Wood was engaged in keeping his men in their ranks ; Dr. Patee raved and stormed, and, con- taining himself no longer, rushed into the square, and protested in the name of God against the inhuman barbarity. Col. Sam Wood seconded his efforts, and demanded that every man be set at liberty, or the fifteen hundred bul- lets now rammed home in his camp would open on Sturgis' camp, and the men could not be restrained. Already the pattering of the leaden messengers began to come in from different quar- ters, in support of the Doctor, who had been ordered under arrest. The men were released and returned to the guard house, the cannons ordered to be loaded with grape, and were turned upon the camp of the volunteers. The scene waxed hotter. Sam Wood and Dr. Patee were threatened to be shot, but the scenes of bloody Kansas were too fresh in their minds to have them scare easily. The volunteers waited for the regulars to commence I lie si rife, but the order was not given, and Stur- gis never attempted to flay another free-born Kansan.

At the fight at Dug Springs, an in- cident happened which shows the Doctor's coolness in times of danger.

He was ordered by General .Lyon to report all the ambulances to Seigel's command, after which to report him- self at the front, where skirmishing was going on. In going to the front he was misdirected, and found himself in the presence of one hundred rebels. Seeing the danger he was in, he rode directly up to the command, and, to the inquiry of who he was and wThere he came from, answered that he was a surgeon, and, hearing the firing, came out to see if he could be of any assist- ance, and that he was from McCul- lough's station (the rebel headquar- ters). He was asked to lead the com- mand to that place, which the Doctor readily undertook to do, and led the way directly into Lyons' camp, where they were all made prisoners — over one hundred in number.

At the desperate battle of Wilson Creek, the Doctor was in the thickest of the fight, caring for the wounded. The hospital he established was under fire the greater part of the day. He bandaged the first wound that Lyon received that day, in the leg, just be- fore he placed himself at the head of his troops to make the charge in which he rode to his death.

The Doctor was promoted to the rank of major for meritorious conduct in this battle ; and placed in charge of the extensive hospitals at St. Louis, which position he held for eighteen months, during which time he super- intended the changing of Jefferson barracks into a hospital with fifteen thousand beds.

But time dragged heavily on his hands, and he desired once more to be at the front, and, by the interposition of friends, he was transferred to Gen. Hlunt's command, at Fort Scott, and was appointed surgeon of the Third Brigade, and he remained with it until the battle of Prairie Grove, in which he participated, and w;is left on the field to care for the wounded that were un- able to be moved, and to superintend the burying of the dead.

In December, 1803, he was appointed to lake charge of the department headquarters at Fayetteville, Arkan-

Dr. Patee.

73

sas. February 10, he returned to Fort Scott with the wounded, and there joined Colonel William A. Phillips' command, where he remained until or- dered to the charge of the Kansas State troops, with the rank of Lieuten- ant Colonel. He was soon afterward appointed on the staff of Governor Carney, where he remained to the close of the war, which he left with the rank of Colonel.

His experience while connected with the army has been of great service to him since he resumed his practice in Manhattan, and to-day he is considered one of the best surgeons in Kansas. His practice is extensive, both in this section and other parts of the State, to which he receives numerous calls.

No one has done more or contributed more to the wants and welfare of the destitute Exodites, who have been flocking to our State during the last two years. He is always ready to con- tribute liberaly to any public enter- prise that may be beneficial to the city. He has the love and respect of all who know him, not only for the thorough knowledge of medicine which he pos- sesses, but for his kind and generous heart, which is always in sympathy with suffering humanity.

SHORT BROTHERS.

PROPRIETORS MANHATTAN GARDENS.

These gardens are beautifuly located in the southwestern part of the corpo- ration. The Messrs. B. F. and R. C. Short commenced the business of gar- dening in this city in 1878, that year having only eight acres under cultiva- tion. They thoroughly understand the business, and their efforts were ap- preciated by the citizens of this city and the surrounding towns, who had long felt the want of fresh and new vegetables in their proper seasons. They have now thirty acres under cul- tivation, and will be able to supply this city the coming summer, and be-

side will ship a large quantity of veg- etables to Denver and other western points.

Then- grounds are nicely laid out, with driveways and walks, which are lined with young trees and hedges which will soon make them the most beautiful walks in the city. Great pains is being taken to grow small fruits of all kinds, and as fast as they come to maturity they will be placed in the market. Two delivery wagons will be run this season, from the gar- dens, to supply, at an early hour, the wants of their many customers.

Hot beds, of which over three hun- dred feet in length are now completed, are handily arranged in the most con- venient places, and are supplied with all the paraphernalia to make them complete and first-class, and among the principal things to attract the attention of the visitor. Here, the coming season, will be raised plants of all kinds, not only for their own use, but to supply the wants of those who have not facilities for raising them themselves. One hundred bushels of sweet potatoes will be sprouted the coming spring, to supply their increas- ing trade in potato plants. Egg plants are becoming very popular among those who have had the privilege of testing their worth, of which a large supply will be raised. Cabbages, toma- toes and other plants will be furnished in abundance.

They have now an excelent cellar, holding one thousand bushels, for storing sweet potatoes and other veg- etables ; but they have in contempla- tion the erection of one of twice the capacity of jthe present one, which they intend to complete the present season.

The efforts of these enterprising men are highly appreciated ; and the sym- pathy in their loss last spring, caused by the heavy winds which pervaded this section at that time, destroying, to a considerable extent, the plants which had been put out by them, and crip- pling their resources to a certain ex- tent, was spontaneous. Their indefat- igable efforts to repair their losses,

74

Short Bros.

gained them the respect of all. These gardens, under their present manage- ment, are destined to become one of the principal features in the trade in Manhattan, and that they may thrive and prosper is the wish of every citi- zen of the place.

C. F. KEABLES.

( 'A HI! I A ( J E M AM' !•' A ( 'TUBER.

Among the ^various manufacturing establishments which have contributed to the wealth and prosperity of the city of Manhattan, is the carriage man- ufactory of C. F. Keables, which has gained a wide reputation in this vicini- ty for the elegant and substantial ve- hicles turned out by him. Mr. Kea- bles is a native of Norwich, Connecti- cut, where he resided until he came to Kansas, in 1870. Immediately on his arrival, he entered into his present business, with his brother, A. L. Kea- bles, as a partner. By hard work and careful management, an extensive trade was soon established. During the grasshopper raid and drouths of 1874 -5 their business was nearly pros- trated, and (he firm dissolved partner- ship. His brother continued the busi- ness a short time, but bis shop and tools were soon afterward destroyed by fire. In the spring of 1878, Mr. C. F. Keables opened his present shop on Poyntz avenue, where he has since been engaged in manufacturing and repairing all kinds of wagons, bug- gies and spring wagons. From tins beginning his business has increased rapidly, and he is now on (lie highroad to prosperity. He is at present turning on( some of I lie finest and most dura- ble carriages in Kansas. The secret of his success is, that he uses only the best material in their const ruction, employs none but skilled workmen, and carefuly oversees every depart- ment personaly. The strength, dura- bility and superior finish of his work has given him a wide reputation; and

when a good, durable wagon or car- riage is wanted, Keables is the man who must make it. At our Fair last fall, there was nothing that attracted more attention, or received more enco- miums, than the display of carriages manufactured by Mr. Keables. He is well qualified to carry on the business. Being a t borough gentleman, courteous and obliging, brimful of pluck and en- ergy, he gains and retains the respect of all who patronize him.

B O OK <£■ PIERS ON.

MEAT MARKET.

This popular meat market is located on Poyntz Avenue, half way between Second and Third streets — one of the finest locations in the city. M. H. Book, the senior member of this firm, is a Pennsylvanian by birth. He fol- lowed the butchering business fourteen years, in Newcastle, Pennsylvania, during which time he succeeded in ac- cumulating a handsome competence. The panic of 1873 probably affected the iron manufacturers more severely than any other class of people, and it being this class that Mr. Book was princi- paly dealing with, he lost heavily — over $14,000 in book accounts. Clos- ing up his business he found he had about $5,000 left, and started for Kan- sas. He landed in Wamego in the spring of 1878, near which place he ran a farm tor one year. He found out, however, that he was not cut out for a farmer, and came to Manhattan in the spring of 1870, and commenced busi- ness at his old trade, in Gardner's Block, removing to his present quar- ters the spring following. Mr. Book is a first class butcher, and is consid- ered by many the best judge of cattle in the city. He has made many warm friends since he came among us.

J. .). Pierson bought out an interest In the market last fall. He is a south- ern man by birth, and brings with him that open-hearted, free and easy

Book & Pierson.

75

manner so common to that class, and which secures at once the respect and good will of the people. He has spent many years buying and selling cattle, and is an expert at the business. He attends to all the buying for the mar- ket, and nothing but the best will be put on sale for their customers. The firm, as it is now organized, possesses rare ability, both in making a success of the business and in pleasing their customers. Their business is increas- ing each day, and they are now killing and selling about two-thirds of the meat sold in the city. They also keep their market well supplied with dried meats, hams, pickled pork, bacon, fish, etc. The Bologna sausage manufac- tured at this market has gained a wide reputation, and is considered the best made in Central Kansas.

PETER COOL.

CARPENTER AND BUILDER.

JACOB W1XXE.

STONE AND BRICK MASON.

Jacob Winne was born in Schoharie county, N. Y., October 23, 1821, and learned the trade of a stone and brick mason while quite young.

In 1859, he removed to Kansas, and settled on a farm near Manhattan, upon which he built a fine, large stone house. While carrying on the farm, and since his removal to town in 1875, he built a large number of the best stone houses in Manhattan and Riley county ; among which may be mention- ed four of the college buildings, the new school house, the Purcell mill house and engine room, and residences for "Win. P. Higinbotham, Judge Pipher, John Mails, O. Dodge, etc. In the summer of 1872, he went to Chicago and built an elevator for Armour & Munger and another for Hough Bros.

Mr. Winne is universally admitted to be a most excelent mechanic.

Peter Cool, the subject of this sketch, was born near Wilksbarre, Pennsyl- vania, in 1834, and is, consequently, forty-six years of age. He learned the trade of wheelwright and carpenter when eighteen years old, since which time he has been a contractor and build- er, spending but two months in the past seventeen years as a journeyman. He spent four years putting up mills, etc., in Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa, but returned to Pennsylvania in 1862, since which time he has been connected with the large corporations of that State, as foreman of large gangs of men, and as a contractor and builder of their stations and freight houses, car shops, machine shops, round houses, engine houses, coal breakers, trestle works, and timbering the open- ings to the mines, repairing mine pumps, and building water tanks. He also at the same time contracted for and put up a large number of churches, dwellings, tenements, etc.; and in several cases was called upon to set up and put in operation the ma- chinery of some of their large manu- facturing establishments.

Among the different companies with which he was engaged will be found the following (and some of the recom- mendations which he received from some of their principal officers when leaving them, will be found attached to this sketch).

A. Pardee & Co., Ashburton Coal Co., Central Coal Co., John Searl & Co., Wilksbarre Coal and Iron Co., Lehigh Coal and Navigation Co., Cen- tral Railway Co. of New Jersey, of which he had charge of the floating gang for over five years.

Compeled to leave Pennsylvania on account of his health, he came to Kan- sas in 1878, stopping first at Junction City. He visited Manhattan a short time after, and was at once captivated with the beauty of the city and re- solved to make this place his home. His family and goods came on soon af-

76

Peter Cool.

terward, and since that time he has lived at the foot of Humboldt street. He has been engaged in many fine and complicated jobs since his arrival, and his work shows him to be a finished mechanic of a superior type.

He has a very pleasing family — wife and three grown up children, consisting of one son and two daughters. One of the daughters is the wife of F. L. Dana, the affable clerk in Winter- mute's store.

Mr. Cool has made many warm friends since he came to Manhattan, and his courteous manner to all who approach him, on business or other- wise, retains them as such. If you intend building, no one is better quali- fied to assist you with advice or la- bor than he.

Central Railroad Co. of New ) Jersey, Transportation Dep't. I Wilkesbarre Station, Jan. 5, 1877. j The bearer, Mr. Peter Cool, has been in the employ of the Lehigh Coal & Nav. Co., and the Central Railroad Co. of New Jersey, at least five years, and it affords me pleasure to say that I re- gard him as being trustworthy and re- liable in all respects, and fully compe- tent to take charge of all kinds of frame work, such as dwellings, breakers, en- gine houses, car shops, trestling, etc. Respectfuly, D. A. Fell,

Master of Bridges and Buildings. J. Drunsheller, Ass't Master of Bridges and Buildings.

Wilkesbarre, Pa., \ February 6th, 1878. J I The bearer of this, Peter Cool, has been in my employ as master mechan- ic or foreman. I consider him reliable in every respect, and know him to be a mechanic competent to take charge or superintend the construction of buildings. Respectfuly,

W. W. Neiier, Builder.

S. PILLSBURY.

WHOLESALE AND i; i;i'A 1 1, j:oot AND SHOE DEALER.

In early life, Mi-. Pillsbury, who is a native of New Hampshire, lnid sever-

al years' training in the jobbing trade in Boston, Massachusetts. But the climate of that city was too trying to his constitution, and he removed into the country, and, for a number of years longer, continued to trade and to manufacture shoes as well.

Later in life, he became a Baptist minister, and, for fifteen years (includ- ing two years spent at a theological school), he devoted himself entirely to the cause of his Master, and was uni- formly successful in the pastorate. Unable to stand the climate of New England, he removed to Manhattan, and preached several years in this place; but, his health still declining, he was finaly compeled to retire from the stated ministry.

He has a brother in New England who is an extensive shoe manufacturer, and, naturaly yielding to his advice, he decided to return to his original vocation. Accordingly, he opened an exclusively boot and shoe store in Manhattan, in the fall of 1878.

Mr. Pillsbury's store was the first extensive and exclusive boot and shoe store in Manhattan ; and, in conse- quence of the fact that almost every merchant in town kept a larger or smaller stock in this line, some pre- dicted that he would fail. But this expectation proved not to be well founded. Mr. Pillsbury knew what he was about when he started, and, in- stead of failing, his business has gone on increasing until he has become one of the acknowledged fixtures of the place.

Mr. Pillsbury started in with the de- termination to keep lirst-class goods, and not to misrepresent anything. Of course, every dealer is liable to get de- ceived himself occasionaly .

Mr. Pillsbury's rule is to take back any article he sells that does not come up to the standard, or, in some way, to make good the recommendation he gave the goods. He would rather lose a pair of shoes occasionaly than a cus- tomer, and (lie course he pursues must continue to cause Ins business to in- crease. Hi' is still working on the line of keeping first-class articles without

S. Pillsbury.

77

charging the high upon such goods.

As Mr. Pillsbury buys directly from the manufacturers in the East, at job- bers' prices, he is able to sell at less rates than other dealers ; and, as he de- votes himself entirely to this line, he is able and does carry the most extensive assortment in town.

It is to the interest of every place to build up specialties, for it is only in this way that men can be enabled to carry a large stock, and buy and sell goods at the lowest rates ; and it is therefore plain that the people who trade at Manhattan will advance their own interests by purchasing from Mr. Pillsbury. If you do nothing else, at least call and examine his goods and prices.

prices usualy put fairly represented in the accompanying

cut, and is 25x60 ft. It is built of stone.

GEO. W. HAREOP.

DRUGGIST.

It is not yet six years since Mr. Har- rop located in Manhattan, and in that short space of time, there is no man better known to the citizens of this city and the surrounding country, than the gentleman whose trade mark ab initio has been, u Pure Drugs, Bottom Prices." He is a native ol Pennsyl- vania. He was engaged in the drug business in Leavenworth, Kansas, for seven years. On selling the busi- ness there, he purchased the drug store of the Kehoe Brothers, on the corner of Poyntz avenue and Second street. He was poor, as far as dollars and cents were concerned, but rich in per- severance and energy, good business tact, and a thorough knowledge of the drug business. He moved to the front as the leading druggist in the city. His trade rapidly increasing, he found it necessary to erect his present large and commodious store, in order to in- crease his stock to that point which his trade demanded. The" building is

The front is of cut stone and brick, two stories high, fourteen and twelve feet respectively between joists, with a cellar under the entire building. There are three entrances from Poyntz Ave- nue : one leading to the second story, and the two entering the pharmacy flanking a large bay window, which is always decorated in a neat and tasteful manner, with those articles pertaining to a first-class and well regulated drug store.

As you enter the pharmacy, the im- pression is immediately conveyed that one who thoroughly understands the business has control ; that it is, in fact, a drug store. Nickel plated show cases, eleven in number, the finest in the city, adorn the counters. A splen- did soda fountain, flanked by a very large, French plated mirror, adds to the beauty of his well arranged phar- macy. The laboratory is in the rear of the main room. The upper story is used by Mr. Harrop as a dwelling, and is so nicely arranged and fitted up for that purpose that the inconveniences generaly attached to upstairs apart-

78

Geo. W. Harrop.

ments are entirely avoided, and it is ac- counted the most convenient dwelling of the kind in the city. A convenient stone stable, with an ice house holding forty tons, and a bin that holds a car load of coal, has lately been erected by Mr. Harrop, in the rear of his store, at a cost of five hundred dollars.

Mr. Harrop gives his individual at- tention to the business. No cheap or impure drugs find a place on his shelves. Nothing but drugs and the paraphernalia pertaining to a drug store are kept. He is a druggist of ac- knowledged ability, and he manufac- tures a large share of his solid and flu- id extracts, together with many other pharmaceutical preparations.

No one appreciates more, or knows better, how to handle printer's ink than Mr. Harrop, and to this may be traced a large portion of his success in husincss. His locals are always spicy and to the point ; never failing to at- tract the attention of the reader. He is probably doing more business in his line than all the other (Jealers in the city. He owns the handsome building he now occupies, in connection with the Kehoe property ; discounts his bills of merchandise, and owes no man a dollar. He is highly respected in the community as a man of honor, integ- rity and rectitude of purpose, and no man possesses a warmer friendship from the people at large.

MAJOR X. .1. AD AMIS.

M.Al.Ki: [N LIVESTOCK AND LUMBER.

Tbo facility whieb (lie Major pos- sesses lor handling live stock and lum- ber Cannol be bettered. Located near the Kansas Pacific depot, he has a side track running the entire length of his extensive lumber yard, from which his Lumber is unloaded directly Into the yard with the least amount of ex- pense and trouble possible.

His lumber trade is unequaled by any other yard in the city, and the quality of the lumber which he fur- nishes is always up to the point of ex- celence that he says it is.

His stock yards are located in the rear of his lumber yard, and are fur- nished with a private chute by which a large number of the cars that come in loaded with lumber are sent out loaded with live stock. Improve- ments in these yards are being made every day, and there is nothing in which the Major delights so much as neatness and having everj'thing in its place.

The reputation which Manhattan sustains as the best market for stock in central Kansas, is largely due to Mr. Adams. He buys and ships over three-fourths of the cattle and hogs that leave this point, and he does it with very little expense compared with that which other buyers are sub- ject to, as he stays quietly at home while others are running the country over; for there are none of our stock- men within a radius of twenty miles who would think of selling their stock until they had seen the Major and got his prices. He receives private dis- patches each day from the eastern markets, and, when the markets are fluctuating, two or more are often re- ceived. He never asks what is being paid by others, but establishes his own prices and brings them up to the point where he can make a fair, living profit, and never varies.

By the course which the Major in- variably pursues, he has gained the entire confidence of the community; and we know of many instances where stockmen from a distance have driven in their cattle without previously see- ing him, knowing that they were sure to receive the highest market price, whatever it might be, the same as though a bargain had previously been made.

Mr. Adams was one of the early settlers of Manhattan, and has enjoyed all the honors in our city government that a grateful people could bestow up- on him, and be is to-day its Mayor.

R. J. Harper.

79

HON. R. J. HARPER.

CLERK DISTRICT COURT, CONVEYAN- CER AND CLAIM AGENT.

The subject of this sketch was born October 25th, 1823, in Ross county, Ohio. In 1847, he removed to Iowa and taught school in Marion and Desmoines counties.

In 1851, he went into mercantile bus- iness in Desmoines county and remain- ed in that vocation about five years, achieving fair success.

In 1856, he sold his store and engaged in milling for two or three years. Dur- ing this period, the financial crash of 1857 ruined an immense number of men, and when Mr. Harper sold his mill in 1859, he was poorer than when he bought it.

In the spring of that year he came to Kansas, and, after remaining a couple of months in Topeka, located in Man- hattan, which has been his home ever since.

He soon afterward built the stone house now occupied by Hon. Geo. W. Higinbotham, and, in the fall of 1859, was elected to the office of County Clerk and Register of Deeds, which po- sition he filled for two years.

When the Nation was struggling for its life, Mr. Harper was not content to remain in ease at home but, in August, 1862, decided that, instead of being a candidate for re-election to office, he would don the blue. Accordingly, he enlisted as a private in Company G. of the 11th Regiment of the Kansas Volunteers ; but, upon the organization of the regiment, he was appointed regi- mental quartermaster sergeant, aud served in that capacity about a year.

In September, 1863, when the Elev- enth Kansas was transformed into a cavalry regiment, he was appointed First Lieutenant and Commissary of Subsistance. During the greater part of the remainder of the war, Lieuten- ant Harper filled other than regimental positions. For six months he .was post Quartermaster at Independence, Mis- souri, and at other times served as Com- missary of Subsistence on the staffs of

General McKean and General Sykes, in different parts of Missouri, Arkan- sas, and the Indian Territory.

In February and March of 1865, he was Quartermaster and Commissary of Subsistence for the Eleventh Kan- sas, during its campaign on the plains after the Indians. There was little chance for glory on this expedition; but, on account of the extreme severity of the weather, it is said to have caused more suffering than any single cam- paign of the regiment in rebeldom.

Lieutenant Harper was honorably discharged in July, 1865, and returned to Manhattan with a record of which he may well be proud. He had dem- onstrated that he possessed unusual clerical and executive ability ; and, at a time when corruption in his depart- ment was supposed to be almost univer- sal, he was so scrupulously exact in his accounts and all his dealings that he was never even suspected of pecula- tion.

In 1866, he was elected Probate Judge of Riley county and Clerk of the Dis- trict Court. He was re-elected Probate Judge five times and Clerk of the Dis- trict Court six times (which position he still fills), and nearly, if not quite always, ran ahead of his ticket. As an officer as well as an individual, he is one of the most accommodating of men, and this fact has secured him hosts of friends, especialy in the country.

Judge Harper has also served as Jus- tice of the Peace and Police Justice, and has been three times elected a member of the City Council.

In addition to his official duties, Mr. Harper transacts a large general con- veyancing and claim agency business.

He has almost a monopoly of the con- tested land cases in this section, and so clear is his understanding of the na- tional laws governing in such cases, that he has secured the reversal or modification of several rulings of the Department of the Interior.

He gives a great deal of attention to pension matters, and is generaly suc- cessful in the cases that he takes hold of. In all his correspondence with the Pension Bureau and Land Department,

80

i?. J. Harper.

he is careful not to push a claim that he does not believe to be just, and this fact gives him more influence than can be ■wielded by less honest agents.

Although he does not make a special- ty of it, be places a considerable num- ber of loans of money every year for eastern parties who are aware of his re- liability and carefulness.

He also, as an incidental matter, pays taxes on lands for non-residents, and buys and sells real estate.

In 1852, Mr. Harper married Miss Catharine Pierce, of Woodburn, Illi- nois. She is a most excelent lady and is respected by all who know her. Not having been blessed with children, the Judge and wife adopted two orphan girls, and have brought them up exact- ly as though they were their own. The eldest, Miss Josephine, was edu- cated at the Kansas State Agricultural College, and is now supporting herself teaching school ; while the younger, Miss Nellie Maud, is now following in her footsteps. All honor to those who have enough of the spirit of Christ in their souls to lead them, through long years, to give shelter, food, clothing, ed- ucation and love to helpless ones who have no especial claim on them, but who, without this Christian charity, of which there is such rarity, would have had a cheerless, if not worse, lot before them.

In 1807, the Judge built the stone house in which he now lives, and the grounds about which are tastefuly and comfortably arranged. By close attention to business and prudence, he is supposed to have laid by enough to be able to look at the future with the full consciousness that he and his are provided lor.

LYMAN & WARD.

PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS.

Dr. L. .). Lyman, the senior member of this firm, was bona in Springfield,

Illinois, in 1838. He graduated at

Bellevue Hospital Medical College, in New York City, in 18G2, and located in Trenton, N. J., where he practiced medicine for four years.

In the year 1866, he located in Man- hattan, Kansas, and, with the excep- tion of a few years spent in St. George, eight miles east of this city, has re- mained here ever since.

He has always made a specialty of surgery, and has performed a great many skilful operations. He has the largest and best collection of surgical instruments owned by any one in Cen- tral Kansas, and, being very ingenious, has invented several of great value, the want of which he had felt in his practice.

Dr. M. B. Ward was born in Huron county, Ohio, in 1848. He commenced his medical course in the spring of 1872, under the preceptorship of F. King Owen, M. D., of Ypsilanti, Mich., In consequence of poor health, he re- moved, in 1874, to Western Texas. There he continued his medical studies a portion of the time, with T. C. Gil- lespie, M. D. In the spring of 1876 they formed a co-partnership, and spent several months in the Republic of Mexico, practicing medicine and surgery.

The Doctor came to Manhattan in 1877, and finished his medical course in Keokuk (Iowa) College of Physi- cians and Surgeons, in 1879.

The same year he was commissioned as Assistant Surgeon of the Kansas Military Guards, which position he still holds.

In April, 1879, the present co-part- nership was formed, and since that time their business has steadily and rapidly increased. They are both men of high personal character as well as medical ability, and have the confi- dence of the entire community. They arc hard students, and keep posted on the; medical investigations and discov- eries of the tlay.

They do nol pretend to keep a drug store, but, finding it gives better satis- faction to their patrons to have the physician fill his own prescriptions, they keep on baud an assortment of drugs for that purpose.

The B. & K. V. Commercial Agency.

81

THE BLUE & KANSAS VALLEY made since he took it in hand prove COMMERCIAL AGENCY. that he possesses unusual business • ability.

JOHN A. ALLEN, AGENT.

This institution is better known as The Co-operative Grange Store, and is regularly chartered by the State. It has been established about four years, and is now doing a very good business. The grand principle upon which this agency is operated is that it pays divi- dends to its customers every three months, on the amount of their pur- chases, thereby saving to the con- sumer a part of the profit that other- wise would go to enrich some individ- ual merchant.

No one but Grangers in good stand- ing can take stock, but any one can take trade checks and receive a divi- dend, half the amount being paid to non-stockholders that is paid to stock- holders. Five dollars constitutes a share, and entitles the holder to full dividends.

No one can take more than one hun- dred shares. Stockholders receive ten per cent per annum on stock besides dividends on purchase money. Most of the stockholders let their dividends remain as new stock, and stock is be- ing taken all the time, and very little withdrawn. Under the present man- agement it is gaining ground fast, and will soon be in shape to do a rushing business. All kinds of goods are han- dled. Goods sold on commission, and produce of all kinds taken in exchange for goods.

This is a cash institution, and meets its obligations promptly.

When farmers and others realize the benefits of co-operation and prac- tice it, then and not till then can they hope to break down the monopolies that now exist.

Any one desiring information in re- gard to the workings ot this agency can obtain it from the agent, John A. Allen.

Mr. Allen, who has lived in and about Manhattan for twenty-five years, is universaly respected, and the strides which this establishment has

D. ADAMS.

GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS.

Associated in a direct or indirect way with all other industries, through the relations? it sustains to every family and home in city or country, this busi- ness has a corresponding importance in a work devoted to the various vo- cations and activities of a community. In the preparation of a work of this kind, we take pleasure in noting the important relations which the city of Manhattan sustains to the State at large, and the prominence of her trade and business establishme nts. One of the leading grocery houses in the city is the one conducted by Darius Adams, situated on Poyntz avenue, near Sec- ond street. Its excelent location af- fords every convenience for the trade, and under its present efficient manage- ment it must continue to sustain its popularity, and increase its trade from year to year.

The business was originaly started by A. Huntress, (or Father Huntress, as he is familiarly called) Mr. Ad- ams being connected with him as clerk for a number of years ; so that when, in the fall of 1879, Mr. Huntress resolved to withdraw from active busi- ness and the store was turned over to Mr. Adams, no reaction in the business occurred. Everything moved on in the even tenor of its way ; all the old customers (which are the best in the city) were retained, and since Mr. Ad- ams' succession to the proprietorship, the confidence of the community that the very best goods can be obtained at his store, has not diminished in the least.

The complete stock of the various articles associated with this branch of trade which Mr. Adams keeps con- stantly on hand, and the excelent fa-

D. Adams.

cilities he enjoys for obtaining his sup- plies, enables him to compete in prices with any similar establishment in this part of the State, and, consequently, to offer great inducements to the pub- lic to trade with him for every descrip- tion of staple and fancy family grocer- ies.

Mr. Adams is a native of Maine, and has had a large experience in every de- partment of the grocery and provision trade, and now does a flourishing busi- ness in this city and surrounding coun- try. He is a live business man, cour- teous and obliging, immediately win- ning the respect and confidence of his customers.

A. P. MILLS.

SUCCESSOR TO BLOOD, BROOKSj & CO.

There is probably no man in Man- hattan who has had more experience in the grocery business than Mr. Mills. He was taken into a store when but fourteen years of age, and, for over twenty years, did business for himself, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He did not, however, confine himself during those years entirely to the grocery trade, but was engaged in buying wool and other commodities for eastern manufacturers, and the annual business transacted by him averaged

OVER !}300,000 A YEAR.

His health failing, he removed to Missouri and engaged in dairying on an extensive scale, contracting with and furnishing the leading hotels of St. Louis with butter of fiis own make, both summer and winter. He received good prices, and, during the twelve years that lie was engage,! in that busi- ness, made money. His

EXPERIENCE IN BUTTEB MAKING he proposes to turn to account in a manner which will he explained here- after.

Mr. Mills is a brother of the wife of the Rev. It. D. Parker, pastor of the

Congregational Church of this city, and coming here on a visit last fall, was so struck with the beauties of the place and surrounding country and its splen- did location for business, that he re- solved to move here and establish him- self in trade. He succeeded in pur- chasing the stock and good will of Blood, Brooks, & Co., who were located on Poyntz avenue, directly opposit the post office, which is decidedly the best location in the city for the business which is to be carried on. The build- ing was enlarged by Mr. Eames last season, and is now the largest and most commodious salesroom devoted exclu- sively to the grocery trade in the city. Mr. Mills has made many changes and intends making many more as the season opens. He has

A DINING PARLOR,

fitted up in elegant style, furnished with tables, &c, where hot meals with tea and coffee, can be served on short notice at all hours. Oysters are served in any manner desired, and a lunch counter where cold lunches can be had at a trifling cost by those who wish a meal of this kind. A cook room, fur- nished with all the paraphernalia for cooking, is another feature introduced by Mr. Mills, where all the delicacies of the season will be dressed and fur- nished in the most attractive style. He will make a specialty of supplying balls, private parties, public gatherings, &c, with dinners, suppers and banquets, in the most elegant style and on the short- est notice. His salesroom is well stock- ed with

CHOICE FAMILY GROCERIES,

canned goods, tobacco and cigars of the very best brands, fine confectionery, nuts, foreign and domestic fruits, green and dried. One counter is presided over by Mrs. Mills, where wicker and bamboo work is sold. This is the only stock of this class of goods offered for sale in the city. The variety is exten- sive and very attractive. Arrange- ments have also been made to have this eomder supplied hereafter with an extensive line of perfumeries and ladies' toilet goods of the latest and best varie-

A. P. Mills.

83

ties. The lady like and attractive manner in which Mrs. Mills conducts this department is attracting to this counter many customers, and an exten- sive trade in these goods is established. The counters are supplied with elegant show cases, one of which is filled with a choice line of pipes, cigar holders and other smokers' goods. The stock of pipes kept by Mr. Mills is the most ex- tensive and varied of any in the city.

ALL VEGETABLES,

in their season, will be kept in stock ; also bakers' goods fresh from the oven. Mr. Mills intends doing an extensive business in shipping poultry, game, butter, eggs, &c. He will make a spe- cialty of handling butter, and thereby supply a deficiency long felt by our farmers, by enabling them to find a ready and good market for this article. His experience, as we mentioned be- fore, will assist him greatly in making it a success ; and it will be greatly to the interest of our farmers to help for- ward the movement in every way pos- sible. He proposes to have the butter brought to him immediately on being churned, and

BEFORE

it is worked over or salted. This part of the manufacturing he proposes to do himself, that all the butter may be sub- jected to the same process and receive just the amount of salt which makes it most satisfactory to the marketmen or dealers. He will then pack it in such sized boxes or firkins as will best assure its ready sale, and it will be shipped to the different points which promise to pay the best. Anyone wTho has ever had any experience in the dairying business can readily see that butter handled and treated in this manner by an experienced person will bring fancy prices; and if the farmers and butter makers of this section assist and sup- port Mr. Mills in his undertaking, Riley county will soon become as noted for its dairying products as it is now for its fine stock.

Mr. Mills is possessed of a great requisit, which is found in all success- ful tradesmen, and that is, a very

agreeable and pleasing manner ; and one can readily see that he is perfectly competent to handle his extensive bus- iness in such a way as will not only be profitable to himself but pleasing and profitable to his customers. We are glad to welcome to our midst such an energetic and pleasant gentleman.

E. K. SHAW.

JEWELER.

Mr. Shaw commenced business in Manhattan about four years ago. The rooms first occupied by him were those now used by Ed. Williams, in L. R. Elliott's block. His trade increased rapidly from the start, and he soon felt the need of larger and better quarters, to meet the wants of his customers. The rooms he now occupies, on Poyntz avenue, were erected for that special purpose. They are roomy, well light- ed, and neatly arranged for the pur- pose for which they were designed.

There is probably no business con- ducted in Manhattan where advantage could be taken of unsuspecting custom- ers more readily than in the jewelry business. There are so many imita- tions of the goods handled by these es- tablishments that are really valueless, and that can be palmed off on unsus- pecting customers, that it is of the ut- most importance that a true and trusty man should furnish them. Such a man is E. K. Shaw, who would sooner lose his good right arm than to know- ingly take advantage of the ignorance of any customer and sell him a spuri- ous article for one of known qualities. In fact, there are none of the imitation goods that can find a place on his shelves or in his cases. His stock is the most complete in style and finish and latest designs of any house in the city, and his salesroom, with the ex- tensive nickel plated show cases, is filled to repletion with a choice and elegant assortment of fine watches, imported and of American manufac-

84

E. K. Shaw.

ture, clocks, solid silver and plated ware, jewelry of every description, spectacles, glasses, and all articles pertaining to this line of goods.

Mr. Shaw devotes his personal at- tention to the business and is ably as- sisted by his wife, who has few supe- riors as a workman in the repairing of watches, clocks, etc.

Mr. Shaw guarantees all of his work to be first class, and all of the goods sold over his counter to be as repre- sented. If they should prove different, he is ready and willing to make them good.

Mr. Shaw is a quiet and unassuming man, retiring in his disposition, yet there is no man more highly respected for his fine sense of honor and integri- ty ; and in the four years he has been in trade among us he has gained the entire confidence of the community, and as a workman and repairer of fine watches, of which he makes a special- ty, he has no superior.

Mrs. Shaw has a neat and extensive

STOCK OF MILLINERY

in the rear of the salesroom, and is do- ing an extensive business in this line of goods. Her customers are the best and most fashionable in the city and surrounding country, and are increas- ing rapidly each year. Her taste in trimming and remodeling is conceded to be unequaled in the city.

GEORGE BURGOYNE.

PHOTOGRAPHER.

It is universaly conceded that the finest specimens of photography to be found in central Kansas are on exhibi- tion at Burgoyne's Art Gallery, in Dr. Robinson's new block, on I'oyntz av- enue. Mr. Burgoyne is a natural ar- tist, and during the twenty-three years of his practical experience in this fine, has given his undivided attention to the improvement and development of the art.

He established his present business in Manhattan in 1859, and since that time, has conducted it with unvarying success. His gallery is one of the finest in the State. His rooms, which are 25x60 feet in size, are elegantly fur- nished, adorned with meritorious works of art, and supplied with the latest improvements known to modern science, and lighted after the most ap- proved style. His pictures combine beauty of finish, elegance of style, strict regard to the laws of light and shade, effective pose, and artistic arrangement of drapery and surroundings. These requisits are such as can be secured only by the unerring eye and educated taste of the true artist, and are entirely distinctive from the mere mechanical portion of the work, a thorough knowl- edge of which is, however, an essential requisit in a correct and satisfactory picture. Mr. Burgoyne thoroughly un- derstands and comprehends all the re- quirements of this business, and is pro- ficient in all the various branches of photography, which he executes in the highest style of the art. His gallery is one of the principal features of attrac- tion in the city, and is well worth a careful and critical examination by all the admirers of the fine arts. His pic- tures are highly commended as being life-like arid artistic in style and finish. He makes a specialty of copying old pictures and finishing as may be de- sired, in crayon, India ink or oil colors. Mr. Burgoyne has resided in Man- hattan since 1856, being one of our old- est citizens. He is a thorough artist and is eminently deserving of his suc- cess in establishing one of the best photograph galleries in the West.

SA WYER & SCOTT.

LOAN AND INSURANCE AGENTS.

Also proprietors of the only set of Abstract books in the county.

Mr. Sawyer, formerly of Peterboro, New Hampshire, is Vice-President of,

Sawyrr & Scott.

85

and performs an active part, in the successful management of the Riley ( lounty Bank, at Manhattan.

Mr. Scott is one of the leading law- yers in the county.

They arc very familiar with the val- ue and quality of real estate, and have invested money in this .vicinity for nine years, for banking corporations and capitalists in the East, securing the same by first mortgage on valuable real estate, and they can proudly say that during this time not a loss has been incurred or foreclosure suit com- menced.

They also own the only set of ab- stract books ever made for l!il<y- coun- ty, which have been prepared and promptly revised with much care and at large expense, thereby enabling them to know, at all times, the exact condition of the titles of all The lands in Riley county. We have no hesita- tion in saying thai all parties desiring personal or professional services of Messrs. Sawyer & Scott, will always find them prompt and honorable.

CHAS. D. MARVIN.

Prominent among the young men lately added to the population of Man- hattan who are worthy of mention is ('has. D. Marvin. He came from De- posit, New York, in April, 1878, and, after visiting several places of note, in the West, finaly located in Manhat- tan. He was the first citizen of Depos- it to select this place for a home, but since his arrival, quite a number of others have joined him.

Mr. Marvin takes pride in (instead of being ashamed of) the fact that he is a mechanic. He is a house painter and paper hanger, and is a master of his trade. When he came here there seemed to be enough painters in this locality, but nevertheless, although al- most an entire stranger, he has with- out any special advertising, worked up

a good business. Those who employ him once continue to do so.

Mr. Marvin is a contractor, and fur- nishes all kinds of materials as well as does all kinds of work in his line. One of his first contracts was on the last building erected by the Kansas Sfe Agricultural College, and no one has been found to depreciate his work. Last year, he finished the Presbyterian church at Manhattan, throughout, decorating the walls with fresco pa] with cornice and panel work, and ap- plied Smith's patent window decora- tions in imitation of stained glass. He also did all of the finishing work on the elegant new Methodist church in this place. These buildings and nu- ii : roua stores and private dwellings in which he has worked demonstrate his skill and reliability.

!i ■ devotes his whole time to his business, and is always ready to do anything and everything that can be done in a building with paint, paper or finishing materials. He makes a spe- cialty of wall papering, wall decorating and kalsomining churches, school houses, halls and offices. He prepares and applies blackboard slating, finishes hard wood with oil or varnish, etc.

Much of his success results from the fact that he uses only the best of mate- rials. He also mixes his own paints instead of trying to save labor by rely- ing on " patent " paints. In short, in every department he strives to excel, well knowing that in no other way can a permanent business be built up.

Mr. Marvin is only twenty-three years of age, but is fast becoming one of our leading citizens. In fact, he is one of those intelligent, driving sort of men, who are always sure to be in the lead wherever they are, and, fortunate- ly for this section, his influence is uni- formly thrown in the right direction. He is a zealous member of the Presby- terian church and Young People's Christian Union, is an enthusiastic temperance worker, and a progressive Republican.

86

John Tirrff.

JOHN BRETT.

BLACKSMITH.

Mr. Brett learned his trade in Eng- land, where he was born in 1847. He served seven years as an apprentice, and the last two years of his appren- ticeship lie had charge of the shop in which he learned his trade. He con- tinued as foreman for two years after his apprenticeship was ended and then came to America. He came to Man- hattan in 1870, when twenty-three years of age, and, being very boyish looking, had some trouble in obtainin work, but at last succeeded in getting a job from August Peak at fifteen dol- lars per month and his board for the winter. He proved himself an extra workman, and in the spring got a bet- ter job of C. Tegmeier and soon succeed- ed to a partnership with a half inter- est in the shop. After two years, he sold his interest to W. Henry and en- gaged with the Keable Bros., to do carriage work at two dollars and fifty cents per day. He worked for them three years and then went to Stock- dale and put up a shop and stone dwel- ling. After two years he returned to Manhattan and has done business up to this time at his old stand on First street. He has purchased a lot on Poyntz avenue, nearly opposit Higin- hot ham's bank, on which he is erecting a stone shop 25xo0 feet, two stories in hight. It will be when completed the finest shop in the city, and the location could not be bettered.

Mr. Brett has long been considered one of the finest workmen in central Kansas. In carriage work 1 1 < \ has few equals and no superiors. In the re- pairing of farm machinery, sharpening of plows, etc., Mr. Brett stain Is in the front. 1 lis trade in this line last season was probably equal to thai of all the other blacksmiths in Manhattan. Be proposes, hereafter, to devote his whole time to carriage work and the repair- ing of machinery, forming implements, plows, &c, and no one is better pro- pared or better qualified to carry on this class of work.

He is about taking into partnership Mr. N. McStewart, late of Montreal, Canada, who is a machinist as well as blacksmith, and a young man with ex- celent business qualifications.

A wheelwright shop will be run in connection with this establishment ; also a paint shop, by Mr. Sherman, an excelent carriage painter, who de- votes his entire time to this one branch of the painting trade. These three branches of trade, conducted as they will be in one establishment, with the different departments under such effi- cient managers, will no doubt make this one of the most popular manufac- tories in the city.

Mr. Brett is a man well liked by the community. He is always happy and not contented until he makes all happy who are around him. For years all of the finest work that was to be done, such work as required the greatest care and judgment and the finest workman- ship, was taken to him ; and when Brett said a certain job could not be done, no other blacksmith cared to try it. In the finest and most complicated work he excels, yet he is the most quiet and unassuming of men, and does not have to toot a horn every time he does a nice job and run down competing workmen in order to let the people know he is a workman. His work shows for itself, and he has built up an enviable reputation simply by the mer- its of his work. He is courteous and obliging and as a citizen is highly re- spected.

GEO. B. SHERMAN.

CARRIAGE PAINTER.

He who devotes himself to one par- ticular branch Of a trade and uses all his energies to excel and make himself perfect in that particular branch, is far more certain to master it than one who takes in all the ramifications per-

Geo. B. Shrrman.

87

taining thereto. ' A Jack at all trades and good for nothing at any " can cer- tainly not be applied to Mr. Sherman. He is a carriage, sign and ornamental painter, and claims to be nothing more ; and as a finished workman in this line he has few equals.

He was born in Paw tucket, Rhode island, in 1852, and commenced learn- ing the trade of a carriage painter in the year 1869, in the carriage shop of Asa Eames, who was then carrying on that business in Fall River, Massachu- setts. He served an apprenticeship of three years, and then continued as a journeyman for three years longer, when he was employed as foreman in another shop, which position he held until he came to Manhattan, in the fall of 1878. Asa Eames, his old employer, had been here a number of years, though not engaged in the carriage making business ; yet lie was glad to greet and welcome to our beautiful city this young man whom he had al- ways respected, and stood ready to lend a helping hand to assist him to obtain employment. But his services were not required. Mr. Sherman had no trouble in obtaining work, and the first job he turned out gave such un- bounded satisfaction that others fol- lowed in quick succession. He painted t lie beer wagon at Junction City, and eulogies Mere passed upon it by the press of that place, to the effect that it was the finest piece of work that they had ever seen in the city.

Mr. Sherman has labored under the difficulty of not having a suitable shop in which to do his work, as no place could be obtained in Manhattan, but this is to be obviated the coming spring. He will have a room fitted up for his special purpose, over the new blacksmith shop to be erected by John Brett.

He does the most of the carriage painting for our livery men ; and, also, the most of those excelent signs which have lately been put up on our business fronts are his work. You will never find one of them defaced by his putting his own name on BspainU r.

He has erected for himself a nice lit-

tle residence on Yuma street. His fam- ily consists of a wife and one child.

Mr. Sherman is one of those out- spoken, free and easy gentlemen who will have scores of friends wherever he may be.

LONG & FIRESTONE.

LIVERY AND FEED STABLE.

On arriving at a strange place the first inquiry by the tourist is, Where can 1 obtain a good turnout? To those visiting Manhattan we would say that Long & Firestone can fit you out in the best style possible. They keep a large number of the best roadsters in the country, with a proportionate num- ber of carriages, buggies, &c. Their single and double rigs cannot be ex- celed in the city. The horses used are spirited yet gentle, easily managed, and safe to be driven anywhere. Their stable is located on the south side of Poyntz avenue, near the depot, and in close proximity to all the hotels. It is a large stone structure with accommo- dations for fifty horses. Their carriage room, harness room and office, are in the same building. The long experi- ence of this firm enables them to judge understandingly of the merits of horse flesh and to comprehend fully the wants of the traveling public, in this particular line. They are very reason- able in their charges, and, when de- sired, furnish the most competent and careful drivers. Ample accommoda- tions are provided for boarding horses by the day or week, and the best of care is given to horses placed in their stable.

Mr. Long is successfuly engaged in the boot and shoe business, and the management of the stable devolves en- tirely upon Mr. Firestone, who enjoys the full confidence of Mr. Long and of the community at large. No one understands better how to care for horses ; and in the treatment of the dif-

88

Long & Firestone.

ferent diseases to which they are sub- ject, there are few who can manage them as successfuly.

In your dealings with them you will be treated with the greatest courtesy, and tli«' utmost pains taken to accom- modate you in every way possible. Teams are sent to any point in the city without extra charge, when so de- sired.

ited by Mr. Cooper, who conducts his business exclusively upon the cash and one price system.

The best customers in the city and surrounding country are patrons of this store. The different articles handled are always first class, and the prices the most reasonable.

The gentlemanly and courteous bearing of the proprietor is winning him hosts of friends, and his trade is increasing rapidly.

WARREN COOPER. (Successor to Win. M. Beverly.)

DEALER IN DRY GOODS AND GENERAL

MERCHANDISE.

Prominent among the business houses of Manhattan is the one so long owned and conducted by Win. M. Bev- erly, and familiarly known throughout the city and surrounding country as Beverly's store. Situated on the cor- ner of Poyntz avenue and Second street, its business location could not be better. Mr. Beverly being a man of remarkable business ability, with but few equals as a salesman, established a large and flourishing trade, and it was a surprise to all wben he sold out to Mr. Cooper, and retired from active business.

Mr. Cooper came into possession in the fall of 1880, and, being an old tradesman who was well qualified to conduct a business of Ibis kind, be re- tained all the old customers, and many •" w ones have been added to I he lis! .

The salesroom is well ventilated, and the goods arranged in a very at- tractive maimer. The stock consists of foreign and domestic dry -nods, seasonable suits, sbauls, cloaks, gloves, hosiery, corsets, blankets, table linen, Ladies' and gentlemen's furnish- ing goods, small wans and notions in great variety, and a bill Line of choice family groceries.

Competent and efficient assistants are always on band to wait upon cus- tomers, and a careful and critical ex- amination of goods and prices is solic-

nOSTR UP & TO WERS.

TONSORIAL PARLOR & BATH ROOMS.

It has been about three years since P. C. Hostrup commenced business in Manhattan. He soon established a lu- crative trade which has steadily in- creased. In 1879 he removed to his present commodious quarters, which are in the center of the city, and easy of access from all points, being situ- ated on the northwest corner formed by the intersection of Poyntz avenue and Second street, opposit Purcell's store.

In January of the present year he took in as a partner Ed. Towers, who bad been in the shop for about a year, had proved himself to be an excelent workman, and a gentleman who had made many friends and increased the number of customers to a considerable extent since he entered tbe sbop.

They have threechairs, which are in constant use, and their cases contain over eighty shaving mugs, wbich be- long to their regular customet ,

Their bath rooms— the only ones in tbe city — are situated in the rear, and

are supplied wilb ho1 and cold water, and all tbe modern improvements and appurtenances of first class bath rooms. Tbe prices charged by these (irsl class barbers are very moderate, being ten cents for a shave, twenty-live cents for bair cutting, and twenty-five cents for baths.

Hostrwp & Toivers.

89

As you enter their parlor you cannot help at once noticing how clean and neat everything is kept. The smell which is peculiar to many barber shops, and so disgreeable to the sensi- tive nerves of a refined person, is en- tirely avoided here. The utmost pains is taken by the gentlemanly proprie- tors to make the stay of their custom- ers as pleasant as possible. No loud talking, or long stories, so peculiar to some barbers, are tolerated.

They keep on hand a choice line of cigars and tobaccos of different brands, and an extensive trade in these goods has been established, owing to the su- periority of the articles sold by them.

Mr. Hostrup is a very agreeable gen- tleman, quiet and unassuming, and at- tending strictly to business. To his having no superior as a barber, and be- ing an excelent judge of human na- ture, and a disposition to be obliging to every one, is due the extensive pat- ronage this i stablishment enjoys.

ranged for the convenience of his pat- rons, with a well at the door to water stock. His good nature is proverbial, and as he stands at the forge or is wielding the hammer at his anvil, it does one good to look upon him and see the cords and muscles swell and contract with each movement of his massive arm.

Charley is bound to succeed, for he is not only an excelent workman, but his kind and genial heart will always make him many friends. The location of his shop is one of the best in the city. He has a residence near his shop on the north, where he and his family of a wife and three interesting chil- dren reside, and they seem to enjoy a lull share of this world's happiness.

CHARLEY IRVIN.

BLACKSMITH.

CR UMP & HUNGERFORD.

ABSTRACTERS, LOAN AND INSURANCE AGENTS. •

The jolly and good-natured face of Mr. Irvin always greets you with a smile of welcome as you enter his neat little brick blacksmith shop, on Second street, a short distance north from Poyntz avenue.

Mr. Irvin worked a number of years for Sam Ferguson, and, during that time, made hosts of warm friends. He was an excelent horseshoer, in fact, was accounted the best in the country.

In the spring of 1879 he erected his present shop, where he has done busi- ness ever since, running two fires, and he has as much work as he can do. He has probably done two-thirds of the horseshoeing that has been done in the city since he commenced work for himself. In repairing and sharpening plows he has but few equals.

His tools are all new and of the latest designs. His shop is well ar-

This firm commenced doing busi- ness in the early part of 1879. Since that time their business has rapidly and steadily increased.

H. C. Crump being Register of Deeds, their facilities for making abstracts of title are in many respects superior to those of any other office in the county.

Since commencing business, they have loaned large amounts of money, and, by their promptness and fair deal- ing, have given universal satisfaction.

As insurance agents, they represent some of the best companies of Europe and America. All losses they have thus far sustained have been satisfac- torily adjusted and losses paid inside of ten days from date of fire — a record hard to beat. They insure stock against loss or damage by fire or

LIGHTNING.

This is an important item to farmers who own valuable stock, as the amount received on the loss of a single animal will pay the insurance on an entire herd for many years. They also in-

90

Crump <fr Hungerford.

sure buildings against damage by lightning, whether fire ensues or not.

H. c. CRUMP

was born in Bartholomew county, State of Indiana, March 28, 1843. His lather died in 1847. He was raised on a farm, by a widowed mother, until the spring of 1860, when she died. He then lived with his brother, who still carried on the farm, until July 20,

1861, at which time he enlisted in the t'nion army during the late unpleas- antness, and served faithfuly until March 4th, 1864, at which time he joined the veteran corps, and served until August, 1865. He was wounded at the battle of Stone River, Dec. 81,

1862. After he was discharged from the army he returned to his former home, where he visited friends and rel- atives until March 5, 1866, when he embarked for Kansas, making Marys- ville his initial point, where he ar- rived March 21st of the same year.

After remaining tbere a short- time he became dissatisfied with that point, and started down the valley of the Big Blue river, not knowing where he might stop, until he reached Man- hattan. Being struck with the sur- rounding beauties of this place he concluded to settle here, where he has remained ever since.

He was married on the 5th day of June, 1868.

In the year 1873, he was elected by the good people of this county to the office of Register of Deeds, to which position he has been re-elected, and is now serving out his fourth term.

D. HUNGERFORD

was born in the Empire State. At four years of age he removed to Illi- nois, where he resided until he re- moved to Manhattan.

At the age of seventeen years, he commenced teaching, which business he followed for several years, the last three of which he served as Principal of the schools of this city.

He read law in the law department at Ann Arbor, Michigan; was admit- ted to t he bar ill the spring of 1878, and, on his examination, received the com-

pliments of the bar. He was elected to the office of Probate Judge in 1878, and re-elected in 1880.

J. F. GARDNER.

DEALER IN ICE.

Mr. Gardner was born in Ohio in 1818, where he lived until he was twelve years of age. His father died before he was born, and he was early thrown upon his own resources.

In 1831, he, with his mother, removed to New York. During the summer he worked upon the farm, while the win- ter months were spent in the school room, when their finances would per- mit. They removed to Barre, Massa- chusetts in 1835, to Gardner in 1836 and to Fitchburg in 1838.

Mr. Gardner had learned the chair making trade and commenced the manufacture of chairs at Fitchburg, which was then a place of about twelve hundred inhabitants and now numbers upward of sixty thousand. He accu- mulated considerable property, while engaged in this business. In 1846, he married a lady in New York, and they have had five children born to them.

Mr. Gardner came to Manhattan in 1856 (his family remaining at Fitch- burg), and engaged quite extensively in traffic in real estate and city lots. He was here at the first organization of our city government, and was Man- hattan's first City Marshal, in 1857, which position he resigned in the fall of that year and returned to Massachu- setts.

He came to Kansas once more before the warJ>rokej>nt, but again returned to Fitchburg when President Lincoln issued Ids lir-t call for troops, and en- listed in the twenty-fifth regiment, Massachusetts volunteers, and served t hrough t he war. This regiment form- ed a part of the (J rand Army of the Potomac, was attached to Burnside's division and participated in the storm-

J. F. Gardner.

91

ing and capture of Roanoke, Goldsbor- ough, and the other engagements of that expedition.

They formed a part of Grant's forces, in his memorable campaign, "when he marched the boys to Richmond from the guarded Rapidan." At the battle of Cold Harbor his regiment went into the fight seven hundred strong, and but eighty men lived to answer the long roll call after that bloody contest. Mr. Gardner Mas wounded, but not se- riously, on that day.

In 1866, he removed with his family to Manhattan, where they have resided ever since. He is the owner of consid- er, dde real estate in this and several other counties in the State.

He is now engaged in furnishing ice for the city. He has a large ice house at the foot of Poyntz avenue, with the capacity of holding one hundred tons, and another in the process of erection with the same capacity. They are con- veniently located on the banks of the Blue, whose clear running waters fur- nish the best ice in Kansas. The ice, after being cut into proper sized squares or blocks, is hoisted by means of horse- power directly into the ice houses, sav- ing a great deal of trouble and expense which other parties who have to trans- port it on wagons are subject to. He has all the modern and improved ma- chinery for handling and cutting ice. Ice is delivered by him to any part of the city, morning or evening, as desir- ed, during the warm months. He not only supplies this city but proposes hereafter to ship large quantities to dif- ferent points, where good ice cannot be obtained.

He has an efficient assistant in his son George, who is a hard worker and takes a great share of the responsibility of the business on his own shoulders. Mr. Gardner is a warm hearted, gener- ous man, always ready to contribute and give assistance to the needy. His mother, with whom he has passed through so many trials and tribulations in his early struggles against poverty in his younger days, is stdl living, and her old age is made happy by his kind- ness, and she is a sharer of his pleasant home on Leavenworth street.

GEO. B. HIMES.

HARNESS AND SADDLE MAKER.

In the spring of 1880, Mr. Himes es- tablished himself in business in the building formerly occupied by William Tyrrell, and has done a rapidly increas- ing trade ever since.

He keeps a general stock of harness and saddles, and all their different parts, and the articles usualy kept in connection with them. He makes nearly all his goods, and guarantees them to be as represented. As a me- chanic, he has no superior in central Kansas, and cuts out the work for all his hands himself.

In the fine of harness, Mr. Himes can fit you out with anything you want. He makes single harness at any price from $10.00 to$75.00a set, and double harness at from $25.00 to siuu.OO a set — the quality, of course, depend- ing on the price.

He makes a specialty of saddles; and, for the last five years, the saddles made by him have been considered the best that could be obtained in this market.

HIDES AND FURS.

Mr. Himes also makes a specialty of dealing in hides and furs. He is con- sidered one of the best judges of furs in the West, and pays for them all they are worth. He probably buys more hides than all other dealers in the city, and those having anything in this line to sell should give him a call.

Mr. Himes came to Manhattan with his father, D. B. Himes, in 1859, when he was a mere lad, and has grown up in this community. He is, therefore, widely known, and is universaly ad- mitted by all to be a stirring, indus- trious and upright man, whose trade and influence must steadily increase. He has purchased a lot on Poyntz ave- nue, and expects before long to erect a stone building in which to do business.

92

Ulrich Brothers.

ULRICH BROTHERS.

MACHINISTS, WOOD WORKERS AND STONE CUTTERS.

These two young men, William and Edward Ulrich, have been residents of Manhattan for a number of years, and have been prineipaly engaged in stone cutting and the erection of stone build- ings.

During the summer last past, they contracted for and built the walls of our new Methodist church — the finest church building in central Kansas — the stone work of which is pronounced equal to that of any building of the kind in the State. As stone cutters, they have few equals, which is shown on the corner stone of this church, all the cutting of which they did them- selves.

As mechanics and machinists they have been acknowledged for years to be first class ; and they are now erect- ing a machine shop, on the corner of Osage and Third street, in which they will repair all kinds and parts of ma- chinery, and also do some manufactur- ing. They will here manufacture the Kimble pump, for which they have a royalty contract for the State of Kan- sas.

These pumps are coming into general favor, and their manufacture will be no small item in the business interests of this city.

The machine shop will be run by •mi, and, in connection with work in iron, a wood lathe with scroll and slit- ting saws will be run, with which they will do all kinds of scroll work, turn- Lng, etc., and manufacture such work as is used in furnishing and finishing the inside of churches and other public buildings. A variety molding ina- chine will be one of their specialties.

A machine shop lias long been one of the wauls of this city, and it is very gratifying to our citizens to know that one is being pushed forward under such efficient management. It is ex- pected that a foundry will be put up in the fall, and the capacity for doing

business enlarged as fast as the trade demands it. There is little doubt but that a large and flourishing business will be done from the start. There is an immense quantity of machinery in this vicinity, the proper repairing of which would keep a number of men constantly employed, and the develop- ment of our manufacturing interests will still farther increase it.

Hereafter, capitalists who wish to start manufactories in Manhattan or vicinity need not be deterred by the want of an establishment to repair their machinery when it gets out of order. And we will add that they will find the Ulrich Bros, to be thor- oughly honest men as well as unusu- aly skilful mechanics.

HENR Y HO UGH AM.

CONTRACTOR, BRIDGE BUILDER AND CARPENTER.

Manhattan is noted far and wide for its excelent buildings, which are not only substantialy made but a great many of them highly ornamental, and show in their construction that we are blessed with first class workmen.

Among our carpenters and builders the name of Henry Hougham has be- come familiar to all our citizens, as that of one who stands second to none as a workman. He is a son of Prof. Hougham, who formerly had charge of the agricultural and chemical de- partments, at the Agricultural College. He is one of those agreeable gentle- men who find it one of the easiest things in the world to make everybody his friend ; always being in the best of spirits, and, without any extra ex- ertions, making all happy who are as- sociated with hi in.

lie is what is termed a natural me- chanic; quick in his movements, and rapid in the completion of what he un- dertakes. He understands fully the construction of all the different kinds

Henry Hougham.

93

and styles of bridges, and is ready to contract at the lowest living rates for the construction of the same.

The many jobs which he has com- pleted in this city and surrounding country, are spoken of by those who are competent to judge, as something superior: and we would say to those who contemplate building, or have any kind of carpenter work to do, that Mr. Hough am is a good man to consult with. You will find him as reasona- ble in Ids prices as any first class car- penter, and you can rest assured if he undertaken a job, it is going to be pushed through to completion as fast as possible.

He lives, respected by all, on College Hill, in an excelent and well situated house, planned by himself and built with his own hands.

A&A EAMES.

Mr. Eames came to Manhattan in 1872. He had long been a resident of Fall River, Massachusetts. He came here and spent the winters with his sister, Mrs. Hunting, whom we all re- member as one of the first settlers of Manhattan, and who grew old among us, and passed away last summer re- spected and loved by every one who knew her. The summer seasons are generaly spent by Mr. Eames in the East, where he has large means invest- ed in the mills at Fall River.

He has a son located in New York, a cotton broker, who is, using a western phrase, well heeled. Mr. Eames, of course, spends some of his time with him, but says he feels better and enjoys himself more out here in the West where all is free, and where he is not afraid of spoiling a Brussels carpet ev- ery time he turns around, and where he can get quail and toast for breakfast.

Mr. Eames held many prominent of- fices in the city government of Fall River. He was City Marshal for a number of years, and was also chief of the Fire Department which is accounts

ed as prominent a position as there is under a city government of that size.

About six years ago, he purchased what is now known as Eames Block, which consists of the stores occu- pied by Wm, Knostman, as a clothing store, A. P. Mills, grocery store, the office formerly occupied by Drs. Ly- man & Ward, and the drug store of W. C. Johnston, and also a part of the ground occupied by Mrs. Briggs. He has made great improvements in them, since they came into his possession, putting in iron and brick fronts, extend- ing them so as to make them larger and more convenient. More improve- ments will be made the coming sum- mer, and it will be made one of the finest business blocks in the city. Its location as a business point has hardly an equal while the post office remains where it is at the present time, being situated directly across the street.

He has also two fine residences on Colorado street in one of which he re- sides— one of his nieces acting as his housekeeper.

Mr. Eames is highly respected by the people of Manhattan. He is outspoken and positive in his views, which is al- ways admired by western people. He is always ready and willing to contrib- ute towards any scheme that will ben- efit the city, and never hesitates to de- nounce any wrong that may be discov- ered.

A. J. WHIT FORD.

DEALER IX HARDWARE, QUEENS- WARE, &C.

The hardware store of Mr. Whitford, on the corner of Third street and Poyntz avenue, is first class in every particular. The stock carried is large and well adapted to meet the wants of the people, and there is no store in the city that sells more goods in this line or furnishes them at cheaper rates than does Mr. Whitford.

94

A. J. Whitford.

He makes a specialty of every arti- cle he sells, and. none but those of known varieties that have been proved to be of the best quality find a place on his shelves.

Mr. Whitford's long experience in dealing in these goods makes him a competent man to select and handle them to the best advantage of his many patrons ; and that he is giving them the best of satisfaction is shown by the increase in his trade from year to year since he commenced business in Manhattan.

His salesroom is large and the arti- cles well arranged, being placed in such a manner as to be pleasing to the eye, and yet always in their proper places, enabling him to carry his heavy stock, yet leaving plenty of room to in- spect the same without any inconven- ience to the purchaser.

The city in its growtb, for want of room, in other localities, is naturaly crowding westward, and, in a short time, this house will be in the heart of the city, and at the present writing tbere is no hardware store so conven- iently located for parties corning from all points as this one.

Mr. Whitford, as a man and gentle- man, has a large number of warm friends. He is positive in his views, yet courteous in expressing them, nev- er hesitating to denounce a wrong and strenuous in his support of justice and right.

W. C JOHNSTON.

DRUGGIST.

Mr. Johnston is a native of Ohio, and, therefore, is a lucky man, and lia- ble to be struck with the lightning of prosperity at any time, if he lias not been already — which we think is the case, as his neat and well arranged drug store, on Poyntz avenue, opposit the posl oilier, and I lie large patronage

which it receives from our people, go to show.

He came to Manhattan in 1866, and has been identified with the drug busi- ness ever since ; and, for the last thir- teen years, has been conducting busi- ness for himself, at the point where he is now located. It is one of the oldest business houses now standing in the city, and has always been considered one of the best locations and most central points for trade in Manhattan.

The trade has always been a good one, and it is not only the oldest drug store in the city but is the leading one in the county and surrounding country. Mr. Johnston has had a life long experience in the business, for his father was a druggist before him. W. C. was early taken into the store and instructed thoroughly in the intrica- cies of the manufacture, compounding and handling of medicine ; which makes his fitness for that particular branch of trade apparent.

He employs two careful and reliable assistants, which the extensive trade of his establishment demands.

His store is stocked with a full line of fresh and unadulterated drugs, medicines, chemicals, perfumery, toil- et articles, fancy soaps and small wares, such as are usualy found in a first class drug store. Paints, oils, fine cutlery, and the most complete line of toys and fancy articles are also kept here. The finest brands of ci- gars— the best in the city — is also one of the specialties.

An arctic fountain, from which cool and refreshing drinks are dispensed, during the warm weather, is also in operation.

In the preparing of physicians' pre- scriptions and family recipes, this pharmacy does a large business, and not only does it possess the confi- dence of the physicians, but of the community at large; for they not only know they will always receive medi- cines of known strength and purity, every time, but that they are com- pounded by those in Avhom they have the most implicit confidence.

W. C. Johnston.

95

Mr. Johnston, as Secretary of the Kansas and Blue Valley Agricultural Association, by giving it his time and i nergies, contributed largely to the success of that society at the Interna- tional Fair, held at Bismarck Grove, last season. His excelent judgment of human nature, in connection with his quick wit n nd repartee, makes him especialy fitted for such positions, and no one contributed more to its success than he.

His perfect knowledge of the drug business, and the manner in which it should be conducted, and his gentle- manly and courteous bearing toward all his associates, causes him to be ac- knowledged as one of the leading druggists of the State; and, at the meeting of the .State Pharmaceutical Association, at Topeka, each year, no opinions are more highly respected. and no one exerts more influence in that body than he. At its last meet- ing he was elected one of the Vice Presidents, was appointed a member of the Committee on Legislation, and his name was one, of the ten sent to the Governor, from which to select a Board of Pharmacy.

ROBERT ULRICH.

BRICK MANUFACTURER ASD BUILD- ER.

Mr. ririeh came to Kansas from West Virginia in 1857, and to Manhat- tan in 1867. He had been engaged in the manufacture of brick for over twen- ty years and was well qualified to carri- on the business here.

The brick manufactured by Mr. Ul- rich are first class and have been pro- nounced by the best architects to be unequaled by any brick manufactured in Kansas, except by one or two yards in the eastern part of the State.

The kiln is situated in the western part of the corporation and is accessible from all points. From three hundred

thousand to five hundred thousand brick are manufactured and sold each year. A large proportion of them are sold in this vicinity ; yet, many are shipped to other parts ot the State.

The Henrv House, at Abilene, was built of Mr. LTrich's brick. They are hard and durable, burned to a rich dark red color, and stand the weather perfectly. The handsomest and most stylish residences in the city, such as those of E. B. Purcell and Ashford Stingley, are made from these brick.

As a builder, Mr. Ulrich is second to none. As a brick layer he has but few equals, and he can point with pride to the larger share of the finest residences in Manhattan and say they are my work.

Mr. Ulrich has a nice residence of his own on the corner of Humboldt and Sixth street. His family — wife and five children — are all living. His two eldest sons, Will, and Ed., are account- ed as fine workmen as there are in the State, and are mentioned on another page of this work as the proprietors of the new machine shop of this city. His eldest daughter is married to Sam. Kimble, a promising young lawyer of Manhattan and the inventor of the Kimble pump.

Mr. Ulrich stands high in the esti- mation of the people as an upright and thoroughly honest man. He is a wor- thy and respected citizen, and is re- garded in every way reliable and one with whom it is safe to establish busi- ness relations, and he fully merits the high esteem in which he is held.

ALLIXGHAM & STEWART.

GROCERIES AND PROVISIONS.

The Messrs. Allingham & Stewart are well known to the people of Riley county and the western portion of Pot- tawatomie ; not, however, in the ca- pacity of grocers, but as proprietors of

96

Ailing ham & Stewart.

the old reliable meat market on Poyntz avenue.

Selling their meat market in the fall of 1880, to Long, Tower & Co., they en- tered into the grocery business in Jan- uary of this year.

Their store is situated on Second street, a short distance south from Poyntz avenue, directly opposit Pur- cell's counting room. The building was erected by Mr. Allingham for the especial purpose for. which it is used, being well arranged and very conven- ient. It is a two story stone structure, with brick front, plate glass windows, and a large cellar, extending under the whole building. The upper story is di- vided into rooms and conveniently ar- ranged for a dwelling.

There are two rooms below, one of which is used for their grocery store, and the other for the purpose of a res- taurant, which has not been rented at the present writing. It will not, how- ever, be long vacant, as there is no place now in use in the city that equals it for that purpose. Its desirability of location and the elegant style in which it is fitted up renders it peculiarly adapted for a cafe.

Allingham & Stewart's extensive ac- quaintance with the people of Manhat- tan and vicinity with the reputation they have established heretofore as thoroughly honest and upright busi- ness men, will assure them an exten- sive trade.

Their stock has been selected with great care and comprises all articles generaly kept in a iirst class grocery store. Their goods are marked down to a point w here they can only make a living profit, without regard to the prices charged for the same goods at other establishments, and many of their standard articles are much lower than they can be bought for at any other store in the city.

Their cigars and tobacco are of the best brands that are in the market and something new and different from what has ever been handled here belore. The rush to this store for cigars and to- bacco is wonderful, since the merits of

their goods have become known ; and there is no abatement, as the goods are all they are claimed to be.

They make a specialty of salt meats and fish, smoked and dried, of which they carry an extensive stock. We shall be very much surprised if the trade of this establishment under its present efficient management does not equal if not excel that of any store of the kind in the city.

AMERICAN HO USE.

E. S. BRAMHALL, PROPRIETOR

Some of the readers of this sketch may not, a tfirst sight, recognize, under its more modern name, this old and popular establishment, which, for near- ly a score of years, has been one of the principal landmarks in the "beautiful city," and has been the shelter and home of the weary traveler for so many years. This hotel, hallowed with a quarter of a century, presents a new life and extends as kindly and inviting hand to the modern traveler as any house of the kind in central Kansas, and its home-like comforts are enjoyed by all its guests.

Mr. E. S. Bramhall purchased the property and took possession January 26th, 1881. He immediately proceeded to repair and refit it. No pretensions are made to keep a fashionable and aristocratic place, but no efforts are spared by the genial host to render his guests thoroughly comfortable, and make them feel perfectly at home, and his succes* is well attested by the praises liberaly bestowed by those who have enjoyed his hospitality.

The house is patronized by an excel- ent class of people, who prefer home comforts and genial society to the snobbery so often met with at more pre- tentious houses.

The tables are supplied with an abundance of well cooked, substantial

American House.

food and delicacies, which are served in a most excelent manner.

The rooms are quite pleasant and neatly furnished, and everything about the house is kept neat and tidy.

Moderate charges always prevail, being one dollar per day for transient customers and twenty-five cents per meal ; three dollars and fifty cents per week for day boarders and four dollars per week for board and lodging.

The house is conducted on strictly temperance principles, and no boarders are taken unless they bear good charac- ters and conduct themselves in a prop- er manner. No games of chance or gambling are allowed, and, in fact, this house is exactly what the proprietor endeavors to make it, a first class hotel suitable for farmers, mechanics and la- boring people whose means will not allow of their paying as much for a lit- tle style as they have to for the neces- saries of life.

The American House is located on the corner of First Street and Poyntz avenue, convenient to the depot and livery stables.

Mr. Bramhall is a wheelwright by trade, at which he worked for twenty- five years before he went into the hotel business, and he is proving himself ful- ly as competent to keep a hotel as to handle the saw and shave.

He is a Christian gentleman who, in the last three years that he has spent here and in this vicinity, has made a large number of very warm friends, who respect him highly as a man of sterling integrity and for the upright and high toned life which he leads.

LONG, TOWERS & CO.

MEAT MARKET.

The old reliable meat market has been closely identified with the busi- ness interests of the city of Manhattan for a number of years. Established as it was upon^a firm foundation by good

and capable men,' its success has been assured from the start.

Situated, as it is, in the business cen- ter, it is handy to all parts of the city. The building in which it is located was built and arranged for that especial purpose, and no expense or pains has been spared to make it first class in ev- ery respect. The sales room is well lighted, has high ceilings, is furnished with a marble counter with scales of the latest patents. The racks extend from floor to ceiling, and are painted and furnished with hooks in a most t; sty manner. The fixtures and ap- purtenances are first class in every re- spect.

As particularly noticeable, we may mention that they have one of Stevens' patent refrigerators in use, which is one of the finest and most conveniently arranged of any in the city or in cen- tral Kansas. It was put in at a cost of between four and five hundred dollars, and is so arranged that it will keep an even temperature of about forty de- grees, yet the atmosphere will be so dry that matches will never spoil when left exposed therein. This refrigerator requires to be filled with ice but once each week, no matter how warm the weather may be. As the ice melts, the water is carried away by spouts, so ar- ranged that not a drop is allowed to strike the floor. There has never been a pound of meat lost or spoiled in this market since this refrigerator has been in use.

Their slaughter house is located southwest from the city, on the Kan- sas river, and contains all the modern improvements for butchering, render- ing, etc.

They have a large ice house also connected with the establishrnant. In fact, there is not a meat market west of the Mississippi with a better outfit, or better prepared to do first-class work, or supply their customers with better meats, than this ; and we doubt if there is one that equals it in the first-class meat it furnishes its custom- ers the year round.

Long, Towers & Co., who have late-

98

Long, Towers cfr Co.

ly come into possession, are all first- class men

Mart. Armentrout, the king of butchers, who has been connected with the house since it first started, remains one of the firm, and handles the cleaver as of yore, behind the counter.

Mr. Towers is an Englishman by birth. He has lived among us for a number of years, and is highly re- spected for his energy and strict integ- rity.

Mr. Long lately came from Ohio, where he has been engaged in the liv- ery business; coming to Manhattan more for his health than anything else. He has such a disposition that he must work or die of inanimation, so he em- barked in this new business ; and the part assumed by him, aud taken as his part of the employment, he is well suited to fill.

The trade is now larger than it was ever known to be before since the market was first started. The success of this neAv firm in the two months it has been in operation is unprecedent- ed, and there is no doubt but what this market will be better entitled than ever to be considered not only the leading market of this city, but of cen- tral Kansas,

JOHN DREW.

HORSE TRAINER.

Mr. Drew came to Manhattan a few years ago when our Fair Association was in its infancy. He has leased the Fair Grounds from year to year and made it his headquarters for train- ing and band ling

TROTTING STOCK.

Under his supervision, the track has been graded and put in such shape as to be acknowledged the finest one half mile track in Kansas.

Mr. Drew stands second to none as a driver in the West. By his thorough

knowledge of the rules and r Lations of the trotting ass< ciation, un- impeachable honesty and ini tyand bis avoidance of anything li ism when driving, lie has ga I him- self an enviable rep utatio the trotting fraternity, and no has the least fears that John w will sell out a race.

Mr. Drew has done more n any other man to improve the h -lock of Riley and Pottawatomie < i keeping at his stables some stallions ever brought into West, both for draught and carriag He has also some fine brood mat hat he is breeding carefuly and wh | ny were much admired, and i sev- eral premiums at the Innrn.' ial fair at Bismarck < trove, and i h central Kansas. He has n Win- chip, a young stallion of grea o who has a record of 2:30, ich he reared and brought to his pr< t point of excelence.

He receives and train- hot- I very

reasonable rate-, for thosi -h to

place them in his care, and I • their

speed developed. There is trainer

in the West who can bring their

speed or give them a bettei aining than Mr. Drew.

He is ably assisted by hi 'other, Thomas Drew, who residi in the grounds, and gives hi- persoi atten- tion to the care and exercisi of the stock.

They are also breeding so of the finest

GAME COCKS

and other fowls, which the; re fur- nishing to their customers a asona- ble prices. They also furn is *gs for hatching, and guarantee e\ vrhing as represented.

Mr. Drew is our city marsh which position he fills to the entir itisfac- tion of the city governmen He is ever on the alert, and, althoi i unus- ualy qaiet and gentlemanly his de- portment, the lawless elemi know him to be fearless and keep q u them- selves. His manly qualit secure him the respect of all who kn him.

./. S. Corbrff.

99

BLUE Til rnlf/rRY YARDS.

I I . PROPRIETOR.

Bucc failure is written up-

(iii ever; on, and it w ould be

-i ra n - i" suppose thai ev-

ery o tempts poultry rais-

ing shou success. I Eow

many lures in stock rai--

Yei thai dot j c oth< ra from tne vocation and - The failures 'U- i ii generaly be

aeglect, or to anything thai re- Labor. Some expect •r a lit tie Labor, and arc id give up In disgust i '■ juch profits as a m carbolic acid. Our the West is, ZVb labor, HO pat) ise who make a BUCCess

3 understand 1 1 ■ i — ^ feci ful!

Lng an

not in taking up prosi i

ill an \ I tra<-. o an at

quir<

disap] unles drug motto '

Mi. I

Sllrc. He I: -

of chi i in whicl the l centra]

care and atl to his

bard worker, as bsi

raising fully shows.

I in the nn « 'iliiiLr

for aboul five years,

te bas placed himself at

it of all breeders in

ad be claims that his

illy due to the proper

ion ho personaly !_rives

i \i.ii i

Hi- - j an 'In- Partridge Co- chin ami Pi !omb ( lochins, varieties which ived themselves well adap ed 1 - climate. They are hardy, I winter layers as any of tic breeds. They will bear confine nt better than many of r'ie larg ,-. are good mothers, and arc nulled.

II' ha added a yard of Brown < r vV- Bruce's cele-

brab which are very fine:

their - laliti - are for laying,

seldom _ to set, often laying

fchewh lerlong. So that these

two strains, properly cared for, will supply cl:---s the entire year.

Mr. Corbett is also breeding the cele- brated Rouen ducks, whose merits stand second to none, being large and very fine flavored.

1'ItK.MI IMS.

Mr. Corbett exhibited his poultry at the International Fair, held at Bis- marck < .rove last season, where here- ceived four flrst premiums ; also at the Blue & Kansas Valley Fair Associa- tion, at which he received six first pre- miums; amounting in all to over twenty-six dollars.

PROFITS.

To illustrate the profits which accrue in the raising of poultry, when proper care of it is taken, we will say that Mr. Corbett had sixteen birds to com- mence the season with, last spring. His sales in birds and eggs for hatch- ing amounted to over forty-five dol- lars, making, with the premiums, a total received of over seventy dollars ; and he now has seventy birds of his own raising.

Mr. Corbett is prepared to furnish birds in pairs, trios, or in larger num- bers, and, also, eggs for hatching, in their proper season, at reasonable prices. He guarantees satisfaction in every particular. He stands high in the estimation of the people, is a man of sterling integrity, and can be trust- ed implicitly. He solicits personal in- spection of his fowls, and all corres- pondence will receive immediate at- tention.

782672

liS

Long, Towers & Co.

ly conic into possession, are all first- class nien

Mart. Armentront. the king of butchers, who lias been connected with the house since it first started, remains one of the firm, and handles the cleaver as of yore, behind the counter.

Mr. Towers is an Englishman by birth. He lias lived among ns for a Dumber of years, and is highly re- spected for his energy and strict integ- rity.

Mr. Long lately came from Ohio, where he has been engaged in the liv- ery business; coming to Manhattan more for his health than anything else. He has such a disposition that he must work or die of inanimation, so he em- barked in this new business; and the part assumed by him, and taken as his pari of the employment, he is well suited To fill.

The trade is now larger Than it was ever known to be before since the market was first started. The success of this new firm in the two months it has been in operation is unprecedent- ed, and There is no donbt but what this marker will be better entitled than ever To he considered not only the leading market of this city, but of cen- tral Kansas,

J01IX DREW

HORSE TRAIN ER.

Mr. Drew came to Manhattan a few years ago when our fair Association

was in its infancy. He has Leased the I'.iir Grounds from year to year and made it his headquarters for train- ing and handling

CRO li [NGE rOCK.

Under hi- supervision, the track has been graded and put in such shape as to be acknowledged the finest one hair mile track in BLansas.

Mr. Ihvw stands Becond t<> none as a driver in the West, By his thorough

knowledge of the rules and regulations of the trotting association, and his un- impeachable honesty and integrity and his avoidance of anything like jockey - ism when driving, he has gained him- self an enviable reputation among the trotting fraternity, and no one ever has The leasT tears That John Drew will sell out a race.

Mr. Drew has done more than any other man to improve the horse stock of Riley and Pottawatomie counties by keeping at his stables some of the best stallions ever brought into the West, both for draught and carriage use. He has also some tine brood mares that he is breeding carefuly and whose proge- ny were much admired, and took sev- eral premiums at the Internationa] fair at Bismarck Grove, and the fairs in central Kansas, lie has now, Win- chip, a young stallion of great promise, who has a record of 2:30, which he reared and brought tolas present point of excclence.

He receives and trains horses at very reasonable rates, for those who wish To place them in his care, and have their speed developed. There is no trainer in the West who can bring out their speed or give them a better training Than Mr. Drew.

He is ably assisTed by his brother, Thomas Drew, who resides on The grounds, and gives his personal atten- tion to the cart' and exercising of the stock.

They are also breeding some of the finest

<. \ mi: COCKS and other fowls, which they are fur- nishing to their customers a( reasona- ble prices. They also furnish eggs for hatching, and guarantee everything

as represented.

Mr. Drew is our city marshal, which position he tills to the entire satisfac- tion of the city government. He is

ever on the alert, and, although uiius- ualy qaiel and gentlemanly in his de- portment, the lawless element know him to lie fearless and kecpipiiet them- selves His manly qualities secure him the respect of all who know him.

./. S. Corbrtt.

R L UE BIRD PO UL TR Y YARDS.

.1. S. f'ORBETT, PROPRIETOR.

nd failure is written up- on every vocation, and it would be strange indeed to suppose that ev- ery one who attempts poultry rais- ing should make it a success. How many make failures in stock rais- ing and forming? Yet that d - not in the least deter others from taking up the same vocation and prosecuting it to success. The fail dj - in any lint - m generaly be

traced to lack of energy, neglect, or an antipathy to anything that re- quires manual labor. Some expect large returns for a little labor, and are disappointed and give up in disgust unless they receive such profits as a druggist makes on carbolic acid. Our motto here in the V. - - No labor. no pay : and those who make a succ se of any business understand this fact fully."

Mr. Corbett is a hard worker, a.- hsi success in poultry raising fully shows. He has been engaged in the breeding of choice poultry for about five years, in which time he has placed himself at the head and front of all breeders in central Kansas, and he claims that his sue. 3S - wholly due to the proper care and attention he personaly gives to his bird-.

SPECIALTIES.

Hi- specialties are the Partridge Co- chin and Pea Comb Cochins, varieties which have proved themselves well adapted to this climate. They are hardy, and as good winter layer- - any of the Asiatic breeds. They will bear confinement better than many of the large breeds, are good mothers. and are easily handled.

He has lately added a yard of Brown Leghorns, from Keefer & Bruce's cele- brated stock, which are very fine : their special qualities are for laying, seldom wanting to set. often laying the whole summer long. >o that these

two -trains, properly cared for, will supply eggs the entire year.

Mr. Corbett is also breeding the cele- brated Pouen ducks, whose merit- stand second to none, being large and very fine flavored.

pREMir:

Mr. Corbett exhibited hi- poultry at the International Fair, held at Bis- marck Grove last season, where here- ceived four first premiums : al-o at the Blue <fe Kansas Valley Fair Associa- tion, at which he received six first] miums : amounting in all to over twenty-six dollar-.

PBOFETS.

To illustrate the profits which accrue in the raising of p raltry, when proper care of it is taken, we will say that Mr. Corbett had sixteen birds to com- mence the season with, last spring. Hi- sales in birds and eggs hatch- ing amounted to over forty-five dol- lars, making, with the premiums, a total received of over seventy dollars and he now has seventy birds of his own raising.

Mr. Corbett is prepared to furnish birds in pairs, trio-, or in larger num- bers, and. also, eggs for hatching, in their proper season, at reasonable prices. He guarantee? satisfaction in every particular. He stands high in the estimation of the people, is a man of sterling integrity, and can be trust- ed implicitly. He solicits personal in- spection of his fowls, and all cor: - pondence will receive immediate at- tention.

100

O. A. Pollard.

O. A. POLLARD.

L. R. ELLIOTT.

MACHINIST AND PATTERN MAKER.

Mr. Pollard is a native of the old pine tree State. Pie spent some years in Pennsylvania, where he learned the machinist's trade, after which he re- turned to Lewiston, Maine, and worked in the machine shops connected with the large cotton mills of that place. There are no better schools for instruc- tion, to a young man who is learning both machine and pattern work, than one of these shops. One has all the op- portunities and must learn and soon become an expert, or he loses his head or gets the sack, as they call it East.

But young Pollard was one of those natural mechanics, full of ambition and willing to receive instruction, and soon became an expert himself, and was accounted one of the best pattern makers in Lewiston.

He came to Manhattan with Mr. Kizerinl879, and assisted in putting tin' machinery in the Elevator Compa- ny's mills here, and then went to St. George and placed the machinery in the elevator there. The shafting of these elevators and the gristmill were all put in place under Mr. Pollard's supervision.

After these mills were finished, Mr. Pollard rented the shop he now occu- pies on Second si reet, a short distance north of Poyntz avenue, and opened ;t pattern and repair shop for extra fine work. The work that he has tinned out has been (lie wonder of many, tor there is nothing that can he made with wood, in the shape of pat- terns ni- ornamental work that lie re- ceives orders for but that, by his deft hands, is finished to the unbounded

satistaet ion of those who are inter- ested.

He is a very agreeable gentleman, accommodating and obliging; and he has gained the respect of all who have formed his acquaintance, not only for his exceleni workmanship, but for his popular qualities as a man and a citi- zen.

The personal mention of L. R. Elliott on page 67 contains so little of his per- sonality that we append these addi- tional paragraphs, gathered, in part, from a sketch in "The United States Biographical Dictionary. ' '

He is the third son of John J. and Jane (Blake) Elliott. The family, coming from Scotland, settled in Che- nango county, New York, where the subject of this sketch was born, in 1835. He was educated in the com- mon schools of the State, and supple- mented this with three years' appren- ticeship at the printing business, beginning in 1855.

His mother was left a widow when he was but eleven years of age ; and, the family having no estate of conse- quence, the subject of this notice early learned to "hoe his own row." He knows what it is to work up from pov- erty to competence, and has done this by bis own efforts.

He taught school several terms ; was a merchant's clerk three years ; spent three seasons in ornamental gar- dening— in care of the finest flower gardens in his native town ; was eight years engaged as a commercial trav- eler for a firm in Bingham pton, New York; established — and for a time conducted — a crockery and carpet store in East'Saginaw, Michigan ; and, in 1866, came to Kansas, took up his trade again, and became the owner and editor, in succession, of The Atchi- son Daily Free Press, The Manhattan Independent, The Kansas Radical, The Manhattan Standard, and The Solomon City Reporter. Each of

these he conducted successfuly, and made I hem pay.

He is a ready writer, an experienced editor, and is not a politician ; has nev- er aspired to an office in Kansas (an unusual occurrence), and declined a nomination to die Assembly in New York, when the nomination was equivalent to an election. He is too decided in his opinions to be a politi- cian, and cares more for an idea he

L. R. Elliott.

101

thinks is right than for public com- mendation. At the organization of the National Board of Ileal Estate Agents, in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1870, he was made Vice President of the organ- ization, and at the International Sun- day School Convention, in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1879, he was elected Vice President for Kansas, and is at this time also an officer of the State Sun- day School Convention, and delegate to the International Convention at Toronto. He is Past Grand "Worthy Patriarch of the . Sons of Temperance in Kansas, and a member of the Na- tional Division. He was for seven years President of the Manhattan, Al- ma and Burlingame Railway Compa- ny, and the construction of that road was largely due to his effort.-.

His family consists of a wife and three children. He has a pleasant res- idence, and finds his chief enjoyment within the home circle.

thrive and do well in Kansas, and the manner in which they should be cared for from their first start until they are bearing trees, enables him to not only make the business beneficial to the fruit growers in this vicinity, but profitable to himself.

He will devote his whole time to this particular branch of business, and add new varieties of fruit and orna- mental trees to his already large stock, as fast as they are tried and proved to be such as will make it profitable for them to be grown in this climate.

Mr. Blachly is a hard working man, well worthy the patronage of the peo- ple. He has an excelent bearing or- chard of three hundred trees of his own growing, on his farm at the head of Baldwin creek. He solicits a crit- ical examination of his stock. All correspondence receives immediate at- tention. Address him at Manhattan, Kansas.

J. W. BLACHLY.

NEWSPAPERS.

NURSERYMAN.

Mr. Blachly has been engaged in handling nursery stock for over six- teen years, and for about three years was connected with the Manhattan Nursery, Todd & Blachly, proprietors. This partnership was dissolved, by mutual consent, in the spring of 1880, Mr. Blachly retaining his interest in the stock then on hand in the nurs- ery.

He immediately started another nursery, a short distance north from the College farm, in which he set a large number of very choice fruit trees, with which to supply the trade as soon as the stock in the old nursery is exhausted.

There is no man in Kansas better qualified to carry on a business of this kind than is Mr. Blachly. His long experience and thorough knowledge of the varieties of fruit trees that will

The first newspaper in Kansas west of Topeka, was the Western Kansas Express, started by Chas. F. De Vival- di, in Manhattan, in 1860. He was succeeded by Hon. James Humphrey, now a leading lawyer in Junction City. Subsequently, Josiah H. Pills- bury purchased the establishment, and changed its name to the Manhattan Independent. In 1868, L. R. Elliott purchased the Independent and an- other paper called the Kansas Radical, which had been published for a short time, and consolidated them under the name of the Manhattan Standard. La December, 1870, he sold his paper to Albert Griffin, who changed its name to

THE NATIONALIST,

and is still its editor and publisher. It is an eight page paper, with six col- umns to a page, and is printed on the type used in this book. Its regular edition is fifty -one and one-half quires

102

The National int.

(one thousand, two hundred and thir- ty-six copies), which is at least two hundred more than any other paper published in Riley county ever regu- larly issued. Its circulation outside of the State is double that of any other paper in the county. Its circulation in each of the counties of Pottawato- mie, Wabaunsee, Davis and Clay (all adjoining Riley) is double that of any other paper printed in Manhattan, and its circulation in Riley county is deci- dedly larger than that of any other pa- per in the county. Moreover, it is rap- idly increasiug, and is sure to retain its rank as the leading paper of central Kansas. It is therefore a superior advertising medium. Terms, $1.50 a year in advance. For further particu- lars, see page two of this work.

THE MANHATTAN ENTERPRISE

was established in 18G7, by A. L. Run- yan, who is a newspaper man of con- siderable ability, and has secured for his paper a good circulation. It is Re- publican in politics contains eight pages with five columns to the page, and is neatly printed. Terms, $1.50 a year.

THE INDUSTRIALIST,

published by the State Agricultural

•College, is spoken of on page thirty- seven.

THE TELEPHONE

is a four-column folio, published monthly, by I :< v. R. D. Parker, pastor of the Congregational church in this place, for the Low price of twenty-five cents a year, it is intended as a local organ for thai denomination in this district, but may grow to larger pro- portions. It is an excelenl little paper, and Mr. Parker lias considerable abili- ty as an editor. We commend it to all est< 'I in its special field <>f work. Both The Nationalist and Enter- prise do job work of all kinds. The Industrial do work except for

the college, and the Telephone is printed at T/u Nationalist office.

Business Cards.

Attention is called to the following cards of men doing business in Man- hattan, or having city property for sale :

GREEN & HESSIN, Attorneys at Law. Office corner Poyntz avenue and Third street, Man- hattan, Kansas.

WILE. A. SCOTT. Attorney ami Counselor at Law.— Office over Riley County Bank, Manhat- tan, Kansas.

HENRY W. 8TACKPOLE, Attorney at lair. Office in 223, Poyntz avenue, opposit posl office.

Collections made, abstracts furnished, and taxes paid for non-residents. All business will re- iii\i prompl and careful attention.

FIRE IN Si: RANGE:— The undersigned lias twelve of the strongest fire insurance companies doing business in Kansas. He is prepared to write policies covering all kinds of property, and for long or short periods of time. The best istlu cheapest. Call on L. R. Elliott, Manhat- tan. Kansas.

1859 WM. P. HIGINBOTHAM. 1881

Ranker, life and fire insurance agent, notary public and conveyancer, practical agriculturist, dealer in thoroughbred and high grade cattle and other live slock and valuable real estate. Choice bargains can always be obtained of me for anything in my line. The public are cor- dialy invited to call at my office, on corner of Third street and Poyntz "avenue. Manhattan, Kansas. Hereafter my personal attention will be given to all branches of my business.

STEAMSHIP TICKETS TO AND FROM EUROPE.— This notice will come to the eye of some who have a desire to visit the old world. Inquiry will satisfy such that it is almost as cheap lis staying at home— to take a trip to Eu- rope. Some may desire to send for friends. It will be found that L. If. Elliott can furnish the needed tickets for a trip to Europe, or to bring friends to anj part of America. He represents all of the great steamship and railway lines. Address L.TJ. Elliott, Manhattan, Kansas.

B. L. BREDBERG.— Agent for the following lines of ocean steamers: White Star and Cu- nard lines, which leave New York and Boston tor European ports semi-weekly. Italian and Rotterdam lines, which leave New York for Mediterranean ports and the Suez (anal. He is prepared to ticket to and from Europe at ex- tremely low rates for the next two months. He can now give twenty percent discount on rail- road tickets from regular rales from eastern ports, lie is agent for .Morris' Express, and can send packages t" all parts of the world.

Address him at Manhattan, or call and see him at Purcell's store.

hy(.ii:m( and remedi \i. LNSTITI TE.

Manhattan. Kansas. W M. T. VAIl,, M. D.

A. J. CARPENTER, breeder of pure blooded Poland china hogs, and Light Brahma (duck- ens. Correspondence solicited.

EARL & HOUSEKEEPER.— Carpenters and. Builders. — Are ready to contract at the lowest living rate-, for the building of any frame, -lone

or brick building. Orders solicited. Carpen- ter shop on corner of Second street and Poyntz

a\ rum'.

.1 \s. i,. SOUPENE.— Contractor, carpenter and builder. Bridge building a specialty. My long experience, and the success which has at- tended my efforts, leads me to say that all my work is guaranteed first class. Correspondence solicited. Address Box 299, Manhattan, Kansas.

Business Cards.

10S

WM. IT. BOWER. Undertaker:— Caskets, Cof- fins and Robes oi all sizesand styles always on hand, and furnished on short notice. "Also, White Bronze Monument* for sale ; the best and most durable monuments that are made.

W. BALDERSTON— Bakery and Restaurant. Bread baked daily and delivered in any part of the city. Restaurant open at all hours, and warm meals served. Dinners and suppers pre- pared for parties, in the besl style.

.1 ERE. II A IN ES— Carpenter and Builder. He is prepared to contract for and do all kinds of work in the carpenter line at the lowest living rales, and in a first-class manner. Correspond- ence solicited. Address him at Manhattan, Kansas.

IMPROVED STOCK FARM.— Four hundred and forty acre- of best bottom land, good timber and never-failing stream, with several large springs near the house ; elegant stone dwelling house, and large, -tone barn; 360 acres fenced. 70 acres in cultivation, 160 in grass. Yards and scales all complete. Will be sold wry cheap, and on easy payments. For particulars' inquire of E. B. I'urcell, Manhattan, Kansas.

LIMBOCKER'S Real Estate and Hferehandiae Exchange. — Office on the north side of Poyntz avenue, between Second and Third streets. "Has Tor sale a line assortment of improved farms and unimproved Lands, with timber and water, in the Big Blue and Kansas river valleys, se- lected b\ actual settlers, on personal examina- tion. Good Eastern property and merchandise tock taken in exchange. ' Invests money on choice i'eal estate security. Pays taxes for non- residents. Will receive' farms", lands and per- sonal property for sale on commission. Corres- pondence solicited, and best of reference given. Address J. N. Limbocker, Manhattan, Kansas.

HOUSE IX TOWN" FOR SALE.— A one and half storv stone residence, with two lots, on Humboldt street, near Juliette avenue. It con- tains five rooms and a large buttery, with bins, drawers and shelves. Also a large, dry and warm cellar, with a hundred barrel cistern. Also a good drive well. Choice fruit trees and nice shrubbery on the place. For terms apply to B. F. Griffin, or at The Nationalist office.

ACCIDENT INSURANCE.— The most sensi- ble kind of personal insurance is that against accidents. '"Accidents will happen," whether yon travel or stay at home ; and for a very small sum vou may be furnished a weekly in- demnity iii case of injury, and your family a large sum incase of your death. This kind of insurance it pays to ha\e. Call on L. R. Elliott, Manhattan, Kansas, for accident insurance.

N. H. KNTGHT. Sorghum Manufacturer and Gardener:— Located on Blue Bottom. Furnia hay and wood to those who desire. I guarantee my sorghum to be of the be-' quality manufac- tured. ' All other articles handled are fb and as cheap as can be obtained of anyone. Your order-, are solicited, either verhaly or by letter, and they will receive prompt attention. I have some improved amber sorghum seed for sale, which is the best sorghum raised.

REAL ESTATE:— My Real Estate agency was established in L868. There have been twen- ty-four Real Estate firms in Manhattan since I began business, not one of which now exists. I began with the idea of making a permanent business, and think I have succeeded. If you want an improved farm, a tract of rich bottom or prairie land, a town lot or a tine re-idence, can supply von. And if you don't want to buy, .-end your address for a colored lithographic map of Rilev county. I will be glad to give you one. Address L. R. Elliott, Manhattan, Kansas.

Manhattan Township.

Manhattan township, which con- tains only about thirty-three square miles is one of the smallest in the county, but is nevertheless the wealth- iest. Exclusive of Manhattan city, its assessment for taxation is $340,000, which largely exceeds that of any other township.

A small portion of its territory lies south of the Kansas river, but the most of it is north of that stream, and west of the Big Blue. It contains an unusualy large proportion of river bottom land, and its bluffs are filled with the beautiful white magnesian

limestone for which Manhattan is so justly famous. In consequence of the proximity of the city of Manhattan, the arable land of the township is more generaly under cultivation than is that of any other section. A gener- al air of thrift is noticeable on every hand. Large stone dwellings and barns are already numerous, and are increasing in number each year. Su- perior stone fences are seen in every direction, and bid fair to soon supplant all others, except for temporary pur- poses.

104

Manhattan Township.

STOCK INTEREST.

Manhattan township leads all the others in the matter of blooded stock. It is the home of the shorthorn herds of Messrs. Bill & Burnham, Chas. E. , Allen, A. W. Rollins, Wm. P. Higin- botbarn and the Agricultural College ; and all of these parties except Mr. Higinbotham also breed pure blooded Berkshire or Poland China hogs. The main buildings and corrals on the farm of Gen. J. S. Casement, who is going extensively into horse raising, are also in this township. There are a number more who have a few fine an- imals each, and some of whom may yet become noted as breeders.

Manhattan Nursery, managed by Irving Todd, and located on College Hill, is rapidly building up a good rep- utation. We can assure the readers of this work that Mr. Todd will never in- tentionaly deceive any one upon any subject.

THE BLUEMONT FARMERS' CLUB,

organized in January, 1872, is one of the most notable agricultural societies in Kansas. It holds weekly meetings during five or six months of each year, and its discussions, as reported for The Nationalist, of Manhattan, by Washington Marlatt, have attract- ed attention far and wide; and it is within bounds to say that they have exerted more influence upon the agri- culture of Kansas than the efforts of any other local organization. Solomon A^hitncy, the present secretary of the club, will continue to furnish The Na- tionalist wiih weekly reports, and those who wish to keep posted upon the farming interests of this section should not fail to take that paper.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS.

Corn, wheat, rye, oats, millet, pota- toes, etc., are raised, but Indian corn is the principal crop. From year to year farmers are gradualy abandoning the raising of grain for export, and coufining themselves more and more to SUCh thin;:.- as can he fed to stock.

Fruit, vegetables, poultry, eggs, butter

and honey are also becoming impor-

tant articles of production, both for home consumption and export to the mountains.

ROCKY FORD.

This valuable water power is located in the northern part of this township, and it cannot be long before there will be a flourishing manufacturing town at that point.

Land and improved property can still be purchased in this township at reasonable rates, and it is sure to rap- idly increase in value. Those who do not invest soon will lose rare bargains.

RED ROSE STOCK FARM.

BILL & BURNHAM, PROPRIETORS.

The Red Rose Stock Farm, which bids fair to become the best known private farm in Kansas, is located three and one-half miles northwest from Manhattan. A few years ago it consisted of forty acres of choice land, belonging to Mr. Bill, but adjoining tracts have beenpurchased, from time to time, and it now contains about one thousand and four hundred acres.

The buildings are pleasantly situated near the foot hills of the divide be- tween the Big Blue river and Wild Cat creek ; and, morning and evening, during the growing season, when the large herds, in going to and from their corrals, scatter over the gently sloping hillsides, the scene is bewitchhigly beautiful.

The farm house is a large, frame building, containing twelve well fin- ished and conveniently arranged rooms. It is surrounded by flowers, evergreens and trees and is connected with the road and barns by graveled walks. Although primarily arranged for comfort, everything gives evidence of unusual natural taste or cultivation and refinement in the owners.

Their main barn, one hundred and twenty feet long, is divided into stalls for horses and cattle, with storage

Bed Bose Stock Farm.

105

room above for hay and grain, arranged in the handiest possible manner for feeding. There are four hundred feet of sheds, with cribs attached having a capacity for holding seven thousand bushels of corn, and all neatly painted, and kept in the best shape for securing the safety and comfort of the stock and the convenience of those having them in charge.

Their herd of shorthorns now con- sists of thirty-five; twenty-five fe- males and ten males. They are all, with one or two exceptions, fancy bred animals, as will be seen by glancing at their record. Of this herd there are three distinct families, viz : the re- nowned

FLAT CREEK YOUNG MARYS,

at the head of which stands that fa- mous Young Mary bull, Young Mary Duke of Bath, bred by the Hamiltons of Mount Sterling, Kentucky, the ac- knowledged home of this family of shorthorns.

As leading dam of this family stands the deservedly popular cows, Cherry Bookh and Bed Twin 5th, bred by Yanmeter & Hamilton, of Mount Ster- ling, Kentucky. These two cows have been shown extensively in the show ring, and taken many first and sweep- stake premiums, and were much ad- mired wherever exhibited.

Messrs. Bill & Burnham are taking special care and pains in so handling and coupling this family as to keep it pure, and bring it as near perfection as possible. We need not mention the fact, as it is well known, that this fam- ily of shorthorns stands high, not only with the proprietors of the Red Rose Stock Farm, but with all the noted breeders, for their many desirable qualities, and their adaptation to this climate, or, in fact, to any other part of the country. Then comes their

BOOTH FAMILY,

headed by that truly grand cow, Water Sprite, and her two daughters, Water Fay and Water Queen. There is no family better known, or that has more enthusiastic admirers among the lead-

ing breeders of America than this. Imported Water Lily and some of her progeny are now owned by only a few breeders in Kentucky, and in that cel- ebrated herd owned by Mr. Pickrell, of Illinois. The cows are some of the late purchases made by Messrs. Bill & Burnham, and have been bred off the place, so far, and their descendants kept pure Booths.

During the coming summer a pure Booth Bull will be placed at their head. At the recent great Ton sale in England, twenty-one of this tribe or family were sold, bringing, on an av- erage, £255, or about $1,275 each. Of these, the oldest was in her thirteenth - year, and the youngest less than two months old.

This family will also be handled with the greatest care, that the Booth strain may continue of the purest, and be brought up to the highest point of excelence, so that they will ever re- main as now, second to none of the shorthorn breed. Messrs. Bill & Burnham feel justly proud of thi3 ad- dition to their already excelent herd.

Next in order comes their family of

DUCHESSES,

headed by Joans Duchess. Her dam wras imported Joan of Arc, by Twen- ty-eighth Duke of Airdrie. Her sire and dam are too well known among the breeding fraternity to need any extended comments here. She comes from one of the oldest and best herds in England, and, at some future day, we expect that the Duchesses, under the efficient management of this en- terprising firm, will become one of the chief attractions at the Red Rose Stock Farm, and do honor to Riley county.

The families named and their de- scendants are fixtures on the place, and their owners do not intend to part with the females or their descendants at any price, until the herd shall have greatly improved in worth. The males will be sold (unless they should happen to be of families which they wish to keep to build up their herd) and will be truly desirable, as great pains will be taken in their breeding.

106

Red Rose Stock Farm.

Their herd also contains spscimens of families not heretofore mentioned, consisting of Josephines, Gwynns, Ju- bilees, Rose of Sharons, etc., etc. We would call special attention of breed- ers and those who intend to enter into this business either on a large or small scale, to the class of shorthorns which compose this herd. They have been selected from among the best in the country, and the greatest care used in their selection. Their success at the Western National Fair Association, held at Bismarck Grove, in Septem- ber, 1880, where they took the first premium for the best herd in Kansas, fully establishes this claim. With one or two exceptions, there is not a plain bred animal among them, but all are truly fancy.

The bulls that will be used the com- ing season will be Gompachi, bred by the State Agricultural College, whose sire was the Second Duke of Jubilee, and dam Grace Young First. This bull was one of the first purchased by these breeders. He was exhibited at Bismarck Grove, standing at the head of their herd.

General Thomas stands next in or- der, i ie was bred by John P. Sanborn, Port Huron, Michigan. Sire Twenty- third Duke of Airdrie; dam, Magenta 3rd ; her dam was imported Mazurka. Young Mary Duke of Bath is next in order. He was bred by the Hamil- tons, of Mount Sterling, Kentucky. Uis sire was the Twentieth Duke of Airdrie, dam Double Noxubee by Duke of Noxubee.

Then conies Grand li< tuck, bred by J. C. and George Hamilton, of Mount Sterling, Kentucky. His sire was the imported Grand Duke of Geneva, dam No in, Renick. Grand Renick is a Josephine, topped with RoseofSharon, and a \. v promising young bull.

Messrs. Bill& Burnham have sever- al choice young bulls for sale, at rea- sonable prices, for those who wish a really fine bred animal.

During the fall of 1880, the herd was shown quite extensively and, as its success ;it the different fairs and cat-

tle shows will be interesting reading, we with pleasure give some of the pre- miums received, knowing that such a record will be very gratifying reading to the people of this county, and to all others who have any interest in short- horns as they are bred here in Riley county.

At the Western National Fair, held at Bismarck Grove in September, as has been mentioned before, they re- ceived the first premium for the best herd of shorthorns owned in Kansas. The herd consisted of Gompachi and seven cows and heifers.

At the Osage County Fair, first pre- mium in his class and sweepstake was given to Gompachi. Gen. Thomas re- ceived first premium as a yearling bull. On coivs, Red Twin 5th received first premium ; Cherry Rookh, second pre- mium. On heiter calf, first premium was awarded Joans Duchess. On best herd of shorthorns, first premium on Gompachi and six cows and heifers. Second premium on best milch cow (a shorthorn) Water Sprite.

At the Blue and Kansas Valley Ag- ricultural Society, at Manhattan, on cows, second premium in her class, Cherry Rookh ; best cow of any age or breed, first premium, Red Twin 5th ; second premium on herd, Gompachi and six cows ; first premium on best heifer calf, Joans Duchess.

At Kansas Central Fair, held at Junction City, first premium for best bull three years old or over, Gom- pachi ; second premium on cow three years old and over, Cherry Rookh; first premium on herd, Gompachi and six cows ; first premium on best heifer calf, Joans Duchess.

GRADES.

Messrs. Bill & Rurnham have, with- out any doubt, the largest and finest herd of grades in Central Kansas. It consists, at the present time, of about one hundred .Hid fifty cows and heifers, a large share of which are of their own breeding.

In managing and crossing their grades, Messrs. Rill & Burnham are as

Red Rose Stock Farm.

107

careful as to the build, make-up, dispo- sitions, and color, even, of those that are to be united, as they are in man- aging and coupling their thorough- breds. It is not to be expected that they would go to the same expense, but every point is considered, and the best means at their command is used to develop their grades, and make them come up as near perfection as possible.

They are making a specialty of rais- ing grade bulls for the Southern mar- ket, where thoroughbreds cannot live owing to the Texas fever. The females are retained, that the herd may grow larger and better each year.

They will ship a car load of their high grade bulls to Medicine Lodge, this spring, for which they have re- ceived satisfactory prices.

Messrs. Bill & Burnham cordialy in- vite every farmer in Riley and adjoin- ing counties, to call and see these bulls at their stock farm, before they are shipped, that the benefits derived from high grading can be illustrated.

They have also sixty grade steers, two years old, which are something extra, also some yearlings.

Their entire herd consists of about three hundred head, and to see and ex- amine it is worth a long journey.

SWINE.

Another feature of this firm is, the excelent hogs they are breeding. They do not confine themselves to one par- ticular breed of hogs, and claim that it is the only one that is profitable for a man to raise, and try to demonstrate it by keeping some inferior specimens of another class, claiming they have had the same chance with the rest, illustrate in themselves the difference between the two breeds. They know and claim that both the Poland Chinas and Berkshires have excelent qualities, and are breeding both varieties.

Mr. Bill was the first man that in- troduced the Poland China breed into Riley county, and he has bred them very carefuly ever since, and has brought them up to as near perfection as possible

They have now twenty-five brood sows of both varieties. They are as careful in breeding their hogs as they are in their other business, and are furnishing some of the best Poland Chinas and Berkshires in the county.

The hog pens, which are well ar- ranged are kept clean ; a stream of water runs through the range, and, in addition, a large wind mill provides a plentiful supply of warm water in winter, for the hogs and cattle as well.

O. W. BILIi,

the senior member of the firm, came to Kansas from Illinois, in 1S67. He is a practical farmer, and from the first he has given his personal attention to the management of the farm. He was one of the originators of the Riley County Fair Association, and was for many years its Superintendent. He has always been a leading spirit in the Bluemont Farmers' Club, the annual Farmers' Institute, held in Manhat- tan, and, in short, in everything cal- culated to promote the interests of ag- riculture and agriculturists. He is still in the prime of life, and is uni- versaly looked upon as an upright man.

He is blessed with a wife who posses- ses an uncommon amount of practical sense and ability as a housewife ; and who, in addition, is able and willing to take a prominent part with the lady members of the Grange, and in every good work in the community which needs the help of woman.

CHAS. L. BURNHAM,

a son-in-law of Mr. Bill, is a member of the firm of Bittman, Taylor & Co., of Leavenworth, wholesale dealers in groceries, and has long been known as the most popular and successful commercial traveler in Kansas. He is a warm-hearted, large-brained and up- right man, who is respected by all who know him, and who gives the firm the advantage of his unusual ability and an immense personal ac- quaintance all over Kansas and the adjoining States. This is, of course, a matter of great importance, and makes

108

Bill & Burnham.

it certain that the firm will always be able to sell all they can raise.

Mrs. Burnham, a lady with varied accomplishments, is one of the finest singers in Kansas, and makes her home a place to which it is a pleasure as well as honor to be invited.

MONTROSE STOCK FARM.

C. E. ALLEN, PROPRIETOR.

This stock farm is pleasantly located three and one-half miles northwest from Manhattan, and two miles from the Agricultural College. The land is rich, is what is termed second bottom, and is well supplied with spring wa- ter. The dwelling, a large, stone building, is surrounded with stately cottonwoods which afford an ample shade, making it one of the pleasant- est resorts in summer.

Through the energy of Mr. Allen, the farm and buildings are in good shape for breeding purposes. Al- though it has been but three years since he took possession, when there wore no buildings on the premises ex- cept the dwelling, he now has horse barns, wagon sheds and buildings for storing machinery, a barn containing fifteen box stalls for his thoroughbred cattle, a long line of sheds for protec- tion, piggery 20x80 feet, divided into twenty breeding pens, and a large and conveniently arranged hennery with extensive yards attached.

I <-f Fairbanks' scales are located at a convenient point, and, once each month, Mr. Allen weighs bis cattle, etc., and an account of stock is taken. He can toll you, to a pound, the weight of any of his animals, and how much flesh they have puj on during the past month.

HIS SHORTHORNS

arc of the will known Flat Creek Ma- rys and Josephine families. The repu- tation of those superior cattle has not suffered since Mr. Allen commenced

handling them. He has been engaged but three years in breeding cattle in Kansas, but has met with the best of success.

At the Blue and Kansas Valley Fair, in 1879, he took second premium and sweepstakes on his bull, first pre- mium on cow three years old, and first premium on cow two years old.

At the Blue and Kansas Valley fair in 1880, he took first premium and sweepstakes on his bull.

Although Mr. Allen is very success- ful as a breeder of shorthorns, and has some as nice stock as can be shown in the West, yet as a breeder of

POLAND CHINA PIGS

he excels even more, which is fully demonstrated by the success he met with at the great Western National Fair, held at Bismarck Grove, in this State, in September, 1880. To appre- ciate fully Mr. Allen's success, we must realize that he was not merely competing against breeders in this State. A large number of breeders from other States, who had been in the business for over twenty years, and who were accounted veterans in the breeding of this class of hogs, and had never heretofore failed to carry off the prizes when they had exhibited their stock, were his competitors.

He had exhibited his Poland Chinas at the Blue and Kansas Valley fair in 1879, and received the first premium and sweepstakes on his boar, first pre- mium on pigs, and second premium on brood sow.

Knowing that his stock had been continualy improving, yet not realiz- ing that they had reached such a high state of perfection that he would be able to compete successfuly with the oldest and I >est breeders in the nation, he hesitated, but, finaly, joining with the Fair Association of this place, re- solved to make the trial. That he was agreeably surprised cannot be doubted. The following are the pre- miums he received there :

First premium on breeding herd.

First and second premiums on sow two years old.

Montrose Stock Farm.

109

First premium on sow one year old. First premium on sow over six months old.

First premium on sow under six months old.

First premium on boar one year old. Secoud premium on boar under six months.

Sweepstake on sow (best sow of any age or breed.) Premium $50 with di- ploma.

Sweepstake on boar. Second sweepstake on fat hog. Second SAveepstake on best collection. Second sweepstake on best Kansas collection. Sweepstake on best breeding herd. The herd was the center of attrac- tion among the breeders of hogs, and old breeders who had spent a score of years in breeding and improving their stock, and who, until they met with this young and unassuming man from Riley county, Kansas, had never met their equal, did not hesitate to say, with that generous spirit which per- vades the minds of all true gentlemen, that they were satisfied that this was the best herd it had ever been their privilege to see ; and they supposed they had seen all that were of any ac- count, until they had seen Mr. Allen's. His brood sows weighed, September 8th, 1880, from five hundred and fifteen to seven hundred and ten pounds, and ranged in ages from twenty-three to. twenty-seven months, and they had each of them had two litters of good, healthy pigs, one of them having fourteen and raising eleven. They were farrowed April 13, 1880, and on September 8th of the same year weighed, on an average, one hundred and thirty-five pounds, the sow weigh- ing six hundred and eighty pounds.

On Mr. Allen's return from Bismarck Grove, he was immediately overrun with orders for Poland Chinas of his breeding. He had on hand a very good supply, but found it impossible to fill all the orders— some of them com- ing from as far south as Austin, Texas. A large number of these orders are

standing over to be filled the present season of 1881.

He is now breeding fifty-four sows for this trade, every one of them choice p>digreed, animals. The most of them are recorded in Volume 3 of the Ohio Poland China Record, trace back to the Old Harkrader sow, and are called the regular Black Bess tribe.

His boars are A No. 1, and they have never failed to win first premiums and sweepstakes whenever exhibited.

Mr. Allen says he is in hopes to be able to supply the trade of 1881. He sends pedigrees and certificates of sale with all stock sold. He guarantees all his stock, and when males and females are sold, that they shall not be akin.

PLYMOUTH ROCK CHICKENS.

He raises large numbers of Plymouth Rock chickens, from the celebrated Keefer's and Coddington's stock. He has no other breed on his farm, and guarantees them pure bloods. This breed is fully up to the standard in size, color, etc., and has nice yellow legs and beaks. The Plymouth Rocks are, undoubtedly, the most hardy of all the improved breeds; they are good layers, good sitters, and good mothers; and are therefore unusualy profitable for farmers.

All correspondence receives immedi- ate attention. His post office address is Manhattan, Kansas.

Mr. Allen is adapted in every way to be a successful breeder. His life has always been that of a farmer. He came to Kansas from Illinois, late in October, 1878, and before he had been here two weeks he visited the large sales of the Hamiltons, held at Kansas City, and purchased some of the finest stock that had ever been brought into Riley county. Since his first coming among us, his life has been a continua- tion of the same energetic and never- tiring movements. Enthusiastic in his calling, he delights in hard work, and in the studying of every way in which he can improve his stock. He is calm and collected, and forms his judgment after maturely weighing all

110

Montrose Stock Farm,

the points, but, after bis mind is once made up, rests not until he accom- plishes his object.

Money or expense seem to be of lit- tle weight when compared with the carrying out of any particular idea, and he buys the best, regardless of cost. His library contains the latest treatises on handling and caring for stock, and a large share of his spare moments is spent in studying their merits and demerits.

His wife is an able assistant, and her courteous and lady-like manners go far toward making a visit to Mont- rose Stock Farm pleasing and instruct- ive.

THE MANHA TTAN HERDS

OF BERKSHIRES AND

SHORTHORNS.

A. W. ROLLINS, PROPRIETOR.

Mr. Rollins makes a specialty of breeding pure - blooded Berkshire swine, and his herd has been very suc- cessful at fairs, having won the lion's share of prizes whenever placed on ex- hibition, taking no less than forty- eight premiums at six leading fairs during the past two years.

The boar at the head of the herd is a magnificent animal, and has taken the grand sweepstakes premium and di- ploma for best boar of any age or br< < d for two successive years at the great Kansas City Expositions, his win- nings alone amounting to one hun- dred and twenty-five dollars.

The herd has also taken two sweep- stakes prizes of Qfty dollars each, for collection of swine of any &ge or breed, at the same fair at Kaunas City, and at the Western National Fair at Bis- marck Grove.

Last fall, Mr. Rollins showed twen- ty-four head, eight of which averaged five hundred and twenty-five pounds each, and two head weighed six hun- dred and seventy-five pounds each, although only in moderate condition.

Every hog on his place has a per- fect pedigree, and is entitled to be reg- istered in the Berkshire Record ; and the absolute correctness of the pedi- grees is guaranteed in all cases. Mr. Rollins is unusualy careful in the man- agement of his animals, and does not attempt to raise any more than he can keep properly divided into small lots while growing, so that all mistakes are avoided.

Mr. Rollins' herd is second to none in the West. He spared neither time, labor nor expense in the selection of his first animals, and has bred them so skilfuly as to improve on the orig- inals. He started with a determina- tion to excel, and he now, unquestion- ably, stands at the head of the Berk- shire breeders of Kansas.

His sales in the western and southern States have been very large ; and he has on file a large number of very flattering letters from his cus- tomers, many of them written after giviug his pigs a thorough trial and comparison with other breeds.

He fills orders at reasonable rates, with none but the best of pigs, and guarantees satisfaction in every in- stance. The demand for his pigs greatly exceeds the supply ; but, nev- ertheless, every animal that is defect- ive in any particular goes to the butcher. He takes this course because he is determined that wherever he be- comes known the fact that an ani- mal was bred by him shall, of itself, be a sufficient guarantee that it is of a superior quality.

SIIORTHOKX CATTLE.

Mr. Rollins also has a herd of choice and highly-bred Shorthorns, the most of which are animals of his own breed- ing, and have descended from noted sins and dams. They have been very successful as prize winners at leading fairs, and as the size of the herd in- creases it will be sure to take a high rank.

HORSES.

Mr. Rollins also breeds roadsters, and is usualy able to furnish such at reasonable prices, and warrants them

Manhattan Herds.

Ill

sound, courageous, and thoroughly broken.

Mr. Rollins started at this place in a comparatively small way, and his suc- cess has been largely due to the fact that he loves his business. He is an enthusiast in it, personaly oversees everything himself, and watches his young animals as faithfuly as a moth-

er does her children. His pride (as well as his good sense) causes him to care more for an unblemished reputa- tion than for immediate gains; and, therefore, those who deal with him need have no fear of being overreached. All correspondence, applications for catalogs, etc., should be addressed to A. W. Rollins, Manhattan, Kansas.

Zeandale Township.

This township is located in the south- eastern part of the county. It was origin a ly a part of Wabaunsee county, but was annexed to Riley in 1871. Tm ken altogether, its agricultural ca- pacities probably exceed those of any other township. The valley of Deep creek, which runs diagonaly across it, has long been noted for its surpassing beauty and productiveness ; while what is known as Zeandale bottom — a large tract of land on the south side of the Kansas river — cannot be surpassed anywhere in Kansas.

As might be expected, many of our most intelligent and prosperous farm- ers live here, and they are steadily in- creasing their store of this world's goods.

In spite of the richness of the land and its proximity to market, much of it can still be purchased for surprising- ly low figures, but the rapidity with which it is changing hands proves that a boom is setting in which will soon double or treble its price.

Its western line is but about three miles from Manhattan, and only the Kansas river separates it from St. George, a town on the Union Pacific railway, so that its market facilitie s

are good ; and they have lately been increased by the building of the Man- hattan, Alma & Burlingame railway, which crosses it from east to west.

There is an immense unimproved wa- ter power on the Kansas river on the northern boundary of this township, and its ultimate utilization, which may be considered certain, will inev- itably lead to the building of a manu- facturing town and a still further in- crease in the value of the surrounding country. There are also some good mill privileges on Deep creek.

There is one large, two-story, stone school house and three frame ones in the township. There is no township indebtedness. Taxation is low, and, taking everything together, there is no more desirable portion of the county to settle in.

IMPROVED FARM.— Consists of two hun- dred acres, six miles southeast of Manhattan. One hundred acres fenced; fifty acres creek bottom, under plow, forty acres woodland, i ine hundred ami fifty bearing peach trees, and two hundred apple trees, of excelent varieties, mostly in bearing, besides cherry and pear trees. Frame house, 25x32, frame stables and sheds. A well at the house, dug twenty years since, has never failed to supply plenty of water for house and stock. A ninety barrel cistern that don't leak. Good stock range convenient. For terms inquire on the premises. OSCAR MEACIIAM

112

Ashland Township.

Ashland Township.

This township lies south of Manhat- tan and Ogden, and west of Zeandale, and contains ahout thirty square miles. The Kansas river runs along the most of its northern boundary, and McDow- ell creek runs diagonaly through it. An unusualy large proportion of this township consists of bluff lands, but the bottoms are of unsurpassed fertili- ty. It was originaly a part of Davis county, but was transferred to Riley in 1S73. In 1855 a town was laid out called Ashland, aud it was the first county seat of Davis county, but the proximity of Manhattan, Ogden and Junction City killed it. It is expected, however, that there will some day be a railway from Manhattan in a south- westerly direction, up McDowell creek,

in which case the town of Ashland will be revived.

Although there are no falls in this part of the Kansas, its current is so rapid that it is thought by many it will some day be dammed in this vi- cinity.

There are two school houses in this towuship. It has no township bonds. General taxation is low. The price of land is moderate, with some splendid bargains in the market. Most of the farmers are within from one to six miles of a depot. It is healthful, and we can recommend it heartily to those wishing to find farms.

E. HUSE :— Maple Grove Stock Farm, near Manhattan, Riley county, Kansas. Breeder of choice Shorthorn's.

Grant Township.

Grant township lies north and west from Manhattan township, and con- tains about seventy-one square miles of territory. The most of the valleys of .Mill creek and Wild ( 'at creek are with- in its limits, but the larger part of it is what is known as bluff land. Some of the earliesl settlers in the county lo- cated on these creeks, among whom may be mentioned Henry Condray, and hi 4 sons, Mincher, Wm.and John, Jo- nas Kress, John Warner and his sons Q-eorge and John, Marcena Jesse and D. It. While ..ii Mill creek; and S. D. Houston, John Hardy, the Hairs, M. Eubanks, Lemuel Knapp, and his nu- merous sons and daughters, L. "West- over, Sam ELimble and Geo. Lyle, on the Wild Cat.

The crops grown are the same as in

Manhattan, and here, too, the stock interest predominates.

STOCKDALE

is located at the junction of Mill creek with the Big Blue, and it will I>e a station on the Blue Valley railway when completed. It now has a store and blacksmith shop, run by J. D. Sweet, who is also post master. There was, at one time, a saw mill at this place, and it is probable that Mill creek will again be utilized as a water power. The tall in the Big Blue will also justify a dam near there, which will be built in the not distant future. About eleven miles from Manhattan, up Wild Cat creek, at the cheese fac- tory, there is what is known as Wild Cat post office, with J. W. Stephens, one of the most influential men in that

Stockdale.

113

section, as post master. Grant post office, presided over by Mr. Kennedy, is located a few miles up the creek. W. F. Vance, of Grant post office, has a fine sheep ranch on this creek, and Geo. Lyle, whose post office is Riley Centre, has raised sheep successfully for many years.

The township contains one log, six frame and four stone school houses ; no debt, and the rate of taxation, ex- cept in a few school districts, is low. To stock raisers, especialy, we can recommend this township.

There are a number of splendid farms in this township that can be purchased, at the present time, for one-fourth what they will be worth a few years hence, — and now is the time to buy.

EX-GOVERNOR N. GREEN.

The ablest and most widely known citizen of Grant township is Hon. N. Green, whose home farm is in tbe valley of Mill creek, about one mile from Stockdale.

Mr. Green was born March 8th, 1837, in Hardin county, Ohio, and finished his education at the Ohio Wesleyan University. He taught school for a number of years in Logan and Cham- paign counties, and, in March, 1855, came to Kansas and took a claim in Douglas county. At that time Kan- sas was inhabited almost entirely by Indians and coyotes, and was, in veri- table truth, a "howling" wilderness. The earliest white settlers had arrived only a few months before, and the only thing that could with certainty be predicted of the future was, " there is trouble ahead."

In 1857, Mr. Green was admitted to the bar, and practiced law for a couple of years, but lawyers were more nu- merous than clients in those days ; and, finding that the Free State men were- no longer in danger of being out- voted or overpowered by the Border

Ruffians, he returned to Ohio, and en- tered the ministry.

In 1859, he joined the Cincinnati Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was stationed at Aber- deen and Williamsburg, until Presi- dent Lincoln's call for troops drew him into the army.

In 1302, he entered the Eighty-fifth Ohio Infantry as Lieutenant of Com- pany B, and served under General Cox in West Virginia during the cele- brated campaign which brought Gen- eral McClellan so prominently before the Nation. It will be remembered that General Cox's troops did a large part of the fighting in this glorious campaign ; and Lieutenant Green with his company helped to win the day at Charleston and Gully Bridge.

The Eighty-fifth Ohio was after- ward transferred to the army of the Cumberland, under General Tecumseh W. Sherman, and Lieutenant Green remained with him until lbG4. Dur- ing the Atlanta campaign, the young soldier came near losing his life by over-exertion. One day, on the march, the weather was so hot that many of his men gave out, and were absolutely unable to carry their knapsacks ; and the kind-hearted officer, who, though small, was unusualy strong, relieved them of their loads until he finaly weighted himself down, and fell bleed- ing from the lungs — a victim to his generosity. For a long time he was not expected to live ; and, on recovery, was compeled, by the advice of his physicians, to resign his position and return home. He, however, was af- terward appointed Major of the 153d Ohio, and took part in what is known as the Hundred Day Campaign in West Virginia.

In 1865, he came back to Kansas, joined the Kansas Conference of the Methodist Episcopal church, and was stationed at Manhattan two years.

In 1866, he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Kansas, and, upon the resignation of Governor Crawford, No- vember 4th, 1868, succeeded him as Governor for the remainder of the term.

114

JST. Green.

During 1870-1 he was Presiding Eldes of the Manhattan District, but, in con- sequence of his wife's ill-health, he "lo- cated" and retired to his farm, until 1873 wrhen he again entered the Con- ference, and was stationed at Holton during 1873-74, and at Waterville dur- ing 1875. After his hemorrhage in the army, Mr. Green was never again as strong as he had been, and was in such danger of returning attacks that he was finaly compeled to locate perma- nently ; but, nevertheless, he contin- ues to preach occasionaly, especialy when churches are to be dedicated and debts paid off, as he is peculiarly fitted for such work. His last dangerous hemorrhage (which nearly ended his earthly career) resulted from overwork and heat at one of these meetings.

Tn November, 1880, Mr. Green was prevailed upon by his neighbors to al- low them to use his name as a candi- date for the Legislature, and he is now serving the State in that capacity.

Mr. Green owns one of the finest farms on Mill creek. Tt contains three hundred and twenty acres, the larger part of which is splendid bottom land, under a high state of cultivation. It also has an abundance of timber, stone, water, etc. He has some thorough- bred animals and a large herd of grade cattle. He was among the first men n the county to adopt the plan of pushing his cattle from the start and feeding them until they were ready for the butcher; and his were the first Riley county animals known to have been bought in the Kansas City mar- ket for shipment to England.

As a minister, "the Governor," as he is universal? called, is very popu- lar. His style in the pulpit is earnest and clear, with an occasional mixture of humor; and, as he is unusualy in- telligent and a vigorous thinker, it seems to be a pity that his health will not permit him to take a regular pas- torate again.

On the .stump, the ( iovernor is inim- itable. Thoroughly posted on politi- cal questions, with remarkahly quick perceptive faculties, he is able to bring

rout the strong points of his own side and make them stronger, and the weak points of his opponent's side and make them weaker ; and with it all his irresistible wit is sure to keep his auditors in a good humor with themselves, himself and his cause. In this respect, he certainly has no equal in Kansas and but few in the Union.

A thoroughly upright man in his private character, a zealous and con- scientious Christian minister, and a progressive, patriotic citizen and offi- cial, it is to be hoped that he will live long to help the right and oppose the wrong.

In 1860, Mr. Green married Miss Ida Leffingwell, of Williamsburg, Ohio, who died in 1870, leaving three chil- dren— Glenzen 8., Effie and Alice. In 1873, he married his present wife, Miss Mary Sturdevant, of Rushville, New York, by whom he has two chil- dren— Burtis U. and Ned M. He has two brothers in Kansas — Lewis F. Green, of Douglas county, who was the coalition candidate for Congress in the second district last fall, and Geo. S. Green, of Manhattan, of the firm of Green & Hessin, Attorneys at Law, and who is now representing the southern part of Riley county in the Legislature.

J. D. SWEET.

BLACKSMITH AND GROCERY I'KALKR.

Mr. Sweet is a native of Ohio, where he was born in 1847. He came to Kan- sas in 1878, and went to work lor his board on a farm in Linn county. He, however, soon obtained employment at good wages, until he sold out and left Kansas. But he could not rema i 1 1 away, and, on returning, located in Stockdale in 1878, and bought out Mr. Riggs. He rented the store for a year, and.worked at his trade as a black- mith. Being an excelent workman,

J. D. Sweet.

115

he soon established a good paying trade, which has continued to this day. He erected a new and more convenient shop, and made other improvements which added greatly to the attractive- ness of the place.

The store came back into his posses- sion in the fall of 1879, and, although he had never bad any experience in the grocery business, he resolved, con- trary to the advice of friends, to put in a stock of goods, and conduct it him- self.

He has been very successful in his new undertaking, and has given the best of satisfaction to his patrons, by furnishing them a

GOOD QUALITY OF GOODS

at as low prices as they can be bought for at any other place in this vicinity. 1 1 is stock is selected with the greatest care, to meet the wants of the class of customers that patronize his store. He has an extensive assortment of goods for a place of this size, consisting of a choice line of groceries, dry goods, boots and shoes and notions.

The store is much needed at this point, and Mr. Sweet's efforts to make his establishment a place where farm- ers can get all the necessaries of life, without having to travel to Manhat- tan, is appreciated by the inhabitants of Mill creek and the Blue valley in that section, and they purchase the larger proportion of their groceries of him.

His prices are as low as those at Manhattan, and he pays as much for butter and eggs as the merchants do there.

Mr. Sweet was appointed post mas- ter soon after he arrived at Stockdale, which office he has filled ever since, to the entire satisfaction of all. He is courteous and obliging, and has the entire confidence of the surrounding community. His thorough and up- right dealings have made him hosts of warm friends, and his trade in- creases quite rapidly.

WALNUT OR 0 VE STO CK FARM.

J. J. LOVETT AND E. A. RUTHERFORD, PROPRIETORS.

In the fall of 1856 — more than twen- ty-four years ago — the writer slept his first sleep in Riley county in a log building located on what is now known as the "Walnut Grove Stock Farm."

Even in that early day, the valley of Wild Cat creek was noted far and wide as the granary of what wras then Western Kansas. The farmers among the early settlers who came to Kansas from Illinois and Indiana had eagle's eyes for choice locations, and it is a significant fact that the Wild Cat val- ley was settled by them long before the bulk of the river bottom lands was taken.

The Wild Cat rises near the center of the county, north and south, runs in a south-easterly direction about twenty miles, and empties into the Kansas at Manhattan. From its mouth to its source it is hemmed in by ranges of hills with every conceivable slope, from the most .gradual to the al- most perpendicular, but the ranges are broken every mile or so by ravines or streams, from one-half a mile to five miles long.

The creek itself and the streams that flow into it are skirted with timber, which also covers many of the hill- sides, and springs abound throughout the entire region.

The constantly changing scenery along the road up the creek is entranc- ingly beautiful, and lovers of the sub- lime can never pass over it without ex- periencing delightful emotions. With its picturesque windings in and out among the hills, the Wild Cat valley is admitted to be one of the most delight- ful in Kansas, and we will add that some of the most prosperous farmers in the county live within its borders.

Situated six and one-half miles from Manhattan, just where the Wild Cat makes a large bend to the south, en- closing about four hundred acres of the best bottom land in the valley,

116

Walnut Grove Stock Farm.

with HaskLns creek coming in and bounding it on the east, and North Branch, a small but never failing brook flowing from the north and bounding it on the west, are located two farms of two hundred acres each, "which, as they have been purchased and held and worked together, by Messrs. Lovett & Rutherford, have come to be jointly known as " The Walnut Grove Stock Farm."

It is doubtful if there is another tract of land in Kansas better adapted in every way, for stock raising pur- poses, than this, either taken as a whole or as two farms.

Before commencing to describe this double farm, it may not be improper to say that one of the objects of this sketch book is to induce immigration by describing everything as it is, in- cluding, of course, some of the farms that are for sale ; and in doing this we sball endeavor to simply state actual facts, in an impartial spirit, without the gross exaggeration that is so com- mon in similar works.

We will also add that Walnut Grove Stock Farm is for sale, either as a whole or in separate tracts, together with the thoroughbreds, grade cattle, hogs and other stock that is now on the place. The property is to be sold, partly be- cause the firm, for reasons of their own, desire to dissolve partnership, and partly because Mr. Lovett and Mr. Rutherford each owns a large farm seven miles west of Chicago, Illinois. It is very inconvenient and unnecessa- rily expensive to run farms so far apart, and, having determined to sell one, they very naturaly decided to stick to the old homestead that has been in the family a score of years, and to let the Kansas property slide, if they can dispose of it for something near what it is worth. As they are men of means fchey require only a

small payment down, and ran give as

Long time as is desired <>n the balance. Sd much by way of preliminary.

The land was purchased for one farm, but is owned separately.

THE LOVETT TRACT,

consisting of two hundred acres, stretches entirely across the valley of the Wild Cat, and both the northern and southern lines lay among the foot- hills of the high prairie on the north and south sides of the creek. The Wild Cat runs through the southern portion, east and west. There are about twenty acres of heavy walnut and hickory timber. With the excep- tion of these twenty acres and about ten acres in the point of the bluff, it can all be cultivated.

The dwelling house, a conveniently arranged frame building, with stables and corrals are nestled under the bluffs on the northeast corner of the farm, on a plateau sloping down to Haskins' creek, which, coming in from the north, furnishes water for the stock, and forms the eastern boundary the whole distance to the Wild Cat.

The main road crosses Haskins' creek a short distance south of the house, and, passing on west, winds around at the foot of the bluffs, and is soon lost to view.

The ground surrounding the house is the kind that is best adapted, here in Kansas, to the raising of fruit, being sheltered from the strong winds, with slope enough to the south and east to afford a perfect drainage.

There are cool springs gushing out from the surrounding bluffs, and, with a very little trouble or expense, water can be brought with pipes into every room in the house.

Mr. Lovett took possession of this place late in the fall of 1878, but a lit- tle over two years ago, yet in thai short time he has madegnal improve- ments by building corrals and sheds for sheltering slock, stables, cribs, etc., besides repairing the house and mak- ing other decided improvements.

THE RUTHERFORD TRACT.

Mr. Rutherford has spent his sum- mers in Illinois, and, consequently, his portion of this farm has generaly been under the care of renters, yet it has been kept up in good shape, and, as he has spent his winters here, im-

Walnut Grove Stock Farm.

117

proving the place, one would hardly know it had ever been a rented farm.

This tract, also containing two hun- dred acres, is entirely bottom land. About forty acres of it is heavily timbered with oak, hickory, walnut, etc.

The Wild Cat divides its southern half, and the farm takes in both banks of that stream, and, like Mr. Lovett's piece, it adjoins an unlimited range, both north and south.

The North branch puts into the Wild Cat, and forms his west line a part of the distance from the point where it leaves the bluffs until it reaches the Wild Cat. It makes a turn to the east when about one-half the distance to the main creek is reached, and Mr. Rutherford's line crosses and takes in the whole of this branch the rest of its distance.

The banks of the creek, in places, slope gradualy down to the bed of the stream, while at other points they make an abrupt ascent of twenty or thirty feet. It is very crooked in its course, and, let the wind come from whatever quarter it may, a thousand head of cattle can find the best of pro- tection against it.

There is a good, substantial house, with a large, stone barn, corrals, cribs, and other out-buildings on this place.

About one mile in a northerly direc- tion, Mr. Rutherford also owns one hundred and sixty acres of high prai- rie land, upon which is located one of the best springs in Riley county.

It is but a short drive to Manhattan, which is another great advantage. The roads — with rare exceptions — are always good, and six or seven miles are but a short distance to travel to reach one of the best markets in the State.

It is also but five miles to the State Agricultural College, and students often attend from a greater distance.

Taking all things into consideration, it is certainly a most desirable place.

THE THOROUGHBRED STOCK

was largely bred and raised by Messrs. Lovett & Rutherford. When Mr. Lovett came from Illinois in 1878, he

brought with him twenty head of some of the choicest families of cattle in the United States. He has now twenty-five left, after selling twenty head, which were bought by parties in Colorado, Kentucky, Missouri and oth- er States.

Olive Duke 2nd stands at the head of the herd. He was bred by J. C. Van Meter, Jr. He is a noble, red bull, topped with Rose of Sharon, of the celebrated Abe Renick herd.

It has generaly been conceded by the different breeders in the West that there is no family of shorthorns that equals, everything taken together, that celebrated family known as

THE RENICK ROSE OF SHARON.

Of these, Mr. Lovett has six. At their head stands that large, fine cow, Calm 19th. She is a pure Rose of Sharon with an extra fine pedigree that traces back to Renick's famous herd.

There are two fine bull calves of this family, which Mr. Lovett will sell on very reasonable terms.

THE HARRIET FAMILY

is very nearly equal to the Rose of Sharon in popularity. Mr. Lovett has four of these, at the head of which stands Susan 12th, who was sired by Clifton Duke; he by 19th Duke of Airdrie. She is an extra fine animal, and, when three years old, brought six hundred and fifty dollars. Her progeny show very fine breeding, and are an honor to any herd of short- horns.

The noted breeders, the Hamiltons, of Kentucky, have long considered

THE IANTHAS

equal to any families in their vast

herd. Snow Girl was bought by Mr.

Lovett at their sale in Kansas City, in

the fall of 1879. She was bred by the

ltons, of Mount Sterling, Ken-

y, and was accounted one of the

est cows sold at that sale.

When such extra animals as the

above are in the market, they will not

waitlong for a buyer. Of

118

Walnut Grove Stock Farm.

THE CLARKSVILLE FAMILY,

we think Mr. Lovett', owns the only representatives in] this section of the country. They are quite noted in the Eastern States, such as Illinois, Ohio, New York, etc. In New York they are used very extensively in dairies, being, iu fact, the only family of short- horns which are considered extra milker3. In dailies where they have been put in competition with the best milkers, such as the Jerseys, Holsteins, etc., they have compared favorably, giving milk as rich as the Jerseys, and a much larger quantity.

PEARL LEAF SECOND

stands at the head of this family in Mr. Lovett's herd. She was bred by Pliny Nichols, of West Liberty, Iowa, and is as fine a cow to look upon as one could desire to see. Mr. Lovett has three of her descendants also, which he prizes very much.

Other noted families are represented in this herd by cows and their calves. Mr. Lovett has spent a life-time as a farmer and breeder of cattle. In the latter business his judgment is good, as the excelent herd he has here, of which the greater number are his own breeding, goes to show. We shall be sorry to lose such a promising young farmer from among us, but if his duty or inclination calls him^to other fields of labor, we will send him away with our best wishes, and say God speed, — until he comes back, for the attrac- tion must be very great if it enables him long to resist the Kansas fever which he admits has a strong hold upon him. And when he returns to Kansas, (as they all do who for any length of time have tasted its delights and enjoyed its salubrious climate,) we will welcome him with opes arms. Mr. Rutherford is a farmer, and al- ways will be a farmer, as he delights in nothing else so much as this kind of labor. He is in independent circum- stances, and would like very much to retain the property on the Wild Cat, providing Mr. Lovett was to remain there. For further particulars, address J. J. Lovett, Manhattan, Kans.

JAMES B. STRONG.

DEALER IN GROCERIES, AND MANU- FACTURER OF CHEESE.

Mr. Strong is a native of Ashland county, Ohio, where he was born in 1819. His father was a farmer ; and James R. was brought up as farmers' sons generaly are — working hard dur- ing the summer months on the farm, and attending school winters.

At the age of eighteen, he graduated at Amity Academy, and then com- menced a course of teaching. His health failing, he went to California, where he had friends and relatives residing, and spent two years there.

The summers were spent on a dairy- ing ranch up in the mountains. He obtained a thorough knowledge of this business, which has assisted him greatly in his undertakings of later years.

He married in Iowa, and came to Kansas in 1877. After farming one year, he commenced the manufacture of cheese, at the Wild Cat Cheese Fac- tory. During the winter mouths, he taught the school at the Wild Cat district, giving the best of satisfaction.

In 1880, he opened a grocery store in one part of the

CHEESE FACTORY,

of which a more particular account will be given hereafter. At present, we have to do with the factory. This factory was gotten up by a stock com- pany, and the last few years before Mr. Strong took charge, it had not been a paying institution, owing part- ly to the false idea that a foreign mar- ket must be secured. Mr. Strong rev- olutionized matters in every particular, when the factory came under his charge. He immediately proceeded to establish a home market for his cheese, and succeeded beyond the most san- guine expectations of all.

The cheese he manufactured proved to be equal, and by many is pronounc- ed far superior, to New York cheese; and instances are known where deal- ers in Manhattan and Junction City

James B. Slrony.

119

have bought cheese in Kansas City for New York make that had Mr. Strong's private brand on it. Wild Cat cheese is now preferred by the majority of the people in this vicinity to that of any other manufactory, brings as high a price in the market, and is kept for sale by all the principal grocers and dealers in Riley and Davis counties.

From the time Mr. Strong assumed management up to the present, it has been a paying institution, not only to the stockholders, but to the farmers who sold them their milk.

Mr. Strong purchased a third inter- est in the factory in the fall of 1880. During the season of 1880, there were taken in 230,000 pounds of milk, and 23,000 pounds of cheese were manufact- ured, which was sold on an average for 8} cents per pound.

THE GROCERY STORE,

which Mr. Strong has connected with the factory, is an institution much

needed by the residents of Wild Cat and vicinity. There was no place nearer than Manhattan — ten miles distant — at which anything in the grocery line could be obtained. He has put in a choice line of these goods which he is selling as cheap, if not cheaper, than at Manhattan.

Then he makes it very convenient for those in that vicinity who will have milk to sell him next season. They can obtain their groceries of him, to be paid for with their milk. The post office is located here, and Mr. Strong is acting postmaster.

There is no man in Grant township more highly respected than Mr. Strong, He is a young man who is thoroughly honest and upright in his dealings, and is well worthy of the extensive patronage he is receiving, not only from the patrons of the factory, but in the grocery store which he has late- ly opened.

Jackson Township.

Jackson township lies along the Big Blue, immediately north of s Grant township, and contains some fifty- three square miles. It has a great deal of bluff land, but the lower Fancy creek valley, which crosses it from east to west, is one of the most superb bod- ies of land we ever saw.

The township was first settled by the Randolph family, in 1855, the most of whom have since died or "gone west " in search of a^less densely pop- ulated country. In November, 1856, Edward and Solomon Secrest and Henry Shellenbaun, from near Sey- mour, Indiana, settled a short distance above Randolph, on Fancy creek, and were soon followed by more equaly en- terprising farmers from other places.

Largely because of^ their distance

from market,* the farmers on Fancy creek devoted themselves to stock rais- ing, and, in consequence, they are as a whole, to-day, the richest and most prosperous farmers in the county. The most of them have substantial stone dwellings and barns ; their fields are surrounded by stone walls; their herds and flocks are numerous and of the best quality; and the most of them are out of debt, with a surplus in bank.

The large grist mill, spoken of fur- ther on, is the best in northern Riley, and must continue to grow in impor- tance.

North Otter and Walnut creeks, branches of Fancy creek, and Baldwin creek, each have nice valleys, upon which some fine farms are located.

Fancy Creek furnishes a mill site

120

Jackson Township.

every two or three miles, and the B<g Blue itself can be dammed at two places in this township. Superior building stone can be found within a mile or two of any point in the town- ship, and the climate is unusualy healthy even for Kansas. That a large manufacturing population will be lo- cated in this township in the near fu- ture there can be no doubt. And when that time comes, real estate will be worth from two to ten times the prices now asked.

The Kansas Central railway from Garrison, on the opposit side of the Blue, five miles below Randolph, which is to be extended this summer to Clay Center, will pass up Baldwiu creek in the southern part of this township.

There are two stone and three frame school houses in the township, and one large church at Randolph.

Nearly half of the adults of this township are Scandinavians and Ger- mans.

RANDOLPH

is a town of a few hundred inhabitants, delightfuly located at the junction of Fancy creek with the Blue, and is sub- stantialy built, mainly of stone. Its business men have established a good reputation for their town, there never having been a failure of any conse- quence or defalcation among them that we can now call to mind. They do a large and profitable business, and we feel confident that the town will con- tinue to grow. The railway from Manhattan up the Blue is graded through Randolph, and when it is completed the town will undoubtedly take a fresh start.

RANDOLPH GRIST MILL.

CHAPMAN & FOREMAN, PROP'S.

One of the advantages possessed by the people of Randolph and vicinity

over other points in Riley county, out- side of Manhattan, is the excelent grist-mill, which has lately been erect- ed by Chapman & Foreman.

It is a water-power mill, the power being furnished by the waters from Fancy creek, taken from the stream some distance above the town, and conducted by canal to the bulk-head. The mill has now been in operation about six months, and the work done has given the best of satisfaction to the many who have been its patrons.

The structure is of wood and stone, three stories in hight, containing, at the present time, two run of stone. Another run will be added soon. A turbine wheel, of forty-horse power, runs the mill. Since the mill was first opened, the proprietors have been overrun with grain to grind ; and the most of the time grists are waiting from a week to ten days to receive their turn.

Messrs. Chapman & Foreman are practiced millers. A. A. Chapman was brought up to that trade by his father, and has always been engaged in the business in Wisconsin, his na- tive State, until he came to Kansas in 1865. He has erected two mills in Kan- sas, previous to this one in Randolph. He understands the milling business to perfection, and to his energy and perseverance is largely due the success of the present enterprise.

Milton Foreman is a native of Ohio. He came to Kansas in 1874, settling first in Hanover of this State, and coming to Randolph in 1878, in com- pany with Mr. Chapman, and with bim bought the mill privilege which they now own. He is a carpenter and millwright by trade, but has been en- gaged in the milling business with Mr. Chapman since he first came to Kan- sas.

These two enterprising and energetic men, by their untiring efforts, have surmounted great obstacles in the erec- tion of this mill; and their efforts are fully appreciated by the community, which had long been waiting for a mill of this kind. They are determined

Randolph Grist Mill.

121

to patronize thern to the full extent of their power in consideration of this fact, and they are well worthy of all the patronage that they receive, being industrious and temperate men, honest and true in their dealings, possessing the entire confidence of the commu- nity.

Mr. Daugherty is a man much* es- teemed by the people in this thriving town. He is always ready to spend his time and money"! for any project that promises'to^benefit Randolph or the surrounding'country. He~owns a large amount of real estate in town, and his confidence in the future pros- perity of Randolph is unbounded.

RANDOLPH LIVERY, FEED AND EXCHANGE STABLE.

JOHN FOSTER.

GEO. A. DAUGHERTY, PROPRIETOR.

This livery stable was established by Mr. Daugherty in 1879, when he com- menced business by keeping three or four teams for hire, not expecting it would reach the proportions it has since attained.

His stock has always been first-c stylish, and the best drivers he could obtain, and his carriages, buggies and turnouts are equal to those of any sta- bles in the surrounding towns. His trade soon increased to such propor- tions that he had to erect a large addi- tion to his already spacious barn, and put in more horses and carriages to supply the increasing demand, until now he has sixteen horses, with the proper outfits to go with them, which are out on the road most of the time, and he will add four or six horses more as soon as the spring trade opens.

The stable is located north of the public square, on Center street, handy to the hotels and stores. The drum- mers and traveling men soon learned, after Mr. Daugherty commenced busi- ness, that his was the place where they were sure to get good teams with careful drivers, and one of them is hardly ever known to hire teams far- ther than this point.

His charges are very reasonable, and when horses are placed under his care, they receive the most careful attention. There is probably no stable in the county that is paying as well as this one.

LUMBER DEALER.

The first enquiry made by parties wlio intend immigrating to a new coun- try is, What facilities are there for ob- taining building material?

To those who are now living and who intend living anywhere within fif- teen or twenty miles of Randolph, ei- ;• in Riley or Pottawatomie counties, we would say, you will find it to your interest to visit John Foster's yards and get his prices before building. His quality of lumber cannot be exceled in Central Kan

He established his yard in Randolph during the summer of 1879. He is a carpenter and builder by trade, and un- derstands perfectly the dill lent quali- ties of lumber. He was engaged for several years in the lumber trade in Leavenworth and other points, and now has yards established at Irving, Olsburg and Randolph.

His two sons, Thoma3 and Benjamin preside over the two former, while he looks after the one at the latter place. He has established a large trade at all of these several points, especialy at Randolph, parties often coming from within five and six miles of Clay Cen- ter and Manhattan, to have their bills for lumber filled by him. There are several reasons for this, some of which are the excelent and unvarying quali- ty of the lumber he furnishes, and, though it may seem strange, yet it is, nevertheless true, that his prices are lower than at any competing points.

122

John Foster.

He is a man much respected for his sterling integrity and his upright fair dealings.

His yard is always kept in the neat- est manner possible. The stock is large, and as all his bills for lumber are paid for at once in cash, he receives a rebate or discount which enables him to sell at the low figures which he does. He is a careful man of business, and has contributed greatly to the growth and prosperity of Randolph during the last two years.

ORSON KING.

slock, and, of course, can be sold for less money than Mr. King can manu- facture them, in the first class manner in which he does, from leather bearing the double crown brand (which took the gold medal at the Centennial Fair in Philadelphia and which he always uses).

His saddles, halters, and other goods that he manufactures are all gotten up with the same scrupulous care and in a neat and attractive style.

Mr. King is a hard worker, attend- ing strictly to his business, and his trade is increasing rapidly. He invites the most critical examination of his stock and asks and expects but a fair share of the public patronage.

HARNESS AND SADDLE MAKER.

Mr. Orson King is a native of New York, where he learned his trade as a harness and saddle maker of a first class workman. He finished his trade in 1871, and has worked as a journey- man in a number of different States. He came to Randolph several years ago, since which time he has worked in Randolph and other parts of Kan- sas.

He came to tins place in the summer of 1880, occupying the sbop vacated by his father, which was situated on north side of Center street, north-west of the public square. His shop is a neat little structure, erected for the especial pur- je for which it is used, with the proper signs, &c, in front.

His is first class, andOrt. being

an excelenl workman, he has worked up an extensive trade and his custom- ers are the besl men in the surround- ing country who know a good article and a good piece of work when they it.

An old and true maxim is that "the best is the chea] si," and no commu- nity in the country has learned this to" the extent which this community has" in buying their harness of late years. Harness manufactured in our state prisons is always made from Inferior

CITY HOTEL.

C. A. MOORE, PROPRIETOR.

Randolph is blessed with one of the neatest and best kept hotels in central Kansas, and it is considered one of the chief attractions of the place, by the traveling public, who always make it a point to stop with Mr. Moore when- ever their business can be so arranged as to allow them to do so.

It is a neat frame structure, three stories in hight, with mansard roof, sit- uated on the south side of the public square, convenient to all the business houses and livery stables. It is not one ot those large, gloomy affairs that sometimes grace, or disgrace, a town of this description, but is in keeping with the rest of the buildings and contains rooms enough to accommodate the traveling public at all times, except when something uncommon is going on.

The sleeping rooms are well venti- lated, and are furnished in a neat and tasteful manner. A good sample room opening from the street on the first floor, is always at the disposal of com- mercial men. The dining room, with

City Hotel.

123

tables to accommodate fifteen or twen- ty guests, is furnished in a neat and at- tractive style, and the tables supplied with an abundance of everything that will tempt the appetite of the most fas- tidious.

Mrs. Moore, a lady of great refine- ment and taste, presides over the house in her own quiet and agreeable way, making all pleasant and comfortable inside the hotel. The cooking depart- ment is looked after with the most scrupulous care, and what comes upon the table is cooked to perfection and served up in the most attractive style. Mr. Moore gives his entire attention to the busiuess, and spares neither time nor pains to make the stay of his guests pleasant. All like the gentlemanly landlord.

The trade at this house is steadily in- creasing. It is run on strictly temper- ance principles and its patrons are the best in the country.

upper story is done off into elegant rooms for housekeeping purposes.

The stock of goods carried is large and well selected, and Mr. Joy has had an experience in the drug business which enables him to compound and put up all prescriptions in the most ac- curate and careful manner.

He has an able assistant in his son, Leslie, who has charge of the store when Mr. Joy is not in. Mr. Joy has the respect and full confidence of the community at large, and he is a man possessed of sterling integrity.

THE RANDOLPH DR UG STORE.

JOHN P. JOY, PHARMACIST.

This is lhe leading drug store in Randolph, and was erected by Mr. Joy, in 1879. It is a two-story, stone building, and one of the nicest finished buildings in the county. The lower story is used as a drug store, and the

THOMAS WILLIAMS.

BLACKSMITH.

Randolph is .well supplied with blacksmiths, at the head of whom stands Mr. Williams. His shop is lo- cated north of the public square, on Center street.

Mr. Williams came to Randolph about two years ago, since which time he has made hosts of friends by his square dealing and cordial and court- eous manners. He is recognized as an excelent workman. His trade has been good since he opened business here, and his business in horseshoing has increased to a considerable extent. He has no superior as a horseshoer in this part of Kansas, and he makes a specialty of shoeing horses with flat and contracted hoofS.

Swede Creek Township.

This is the northeastern township of the county. The portion bordering on the river is bluffy, but the western part is fine, rolling prairie. t Swede creek, which gives its name to the township, is settled by well-to-do farmers. Indeed, the farmers of the whole township are prosperous — and deservedly so.

The township contains three stone and two frame school houses, and a post office, called Big Timber, with Magnus Vilander as postmaster.

The larger part of the inhabitants are Scandinavians, which element is rapidly increasing in north-eastern Riley and northwestern Pottawatomie

124

Swede Creek Township.

counties. They are usualy peaceable, temperate, industrious, intelligent and moral, and are among the most desira- ble class of immigrants that come to America.

A Swedish Orphans' Home has been established at Mariadahl, on the east bank of the Blue, opposit this town- ship, and a Lutheran college is about to be located at the same place.

Mayday Township.

Mayday township contains the north-western part of the county. The portion not lying in the delightful Fancy creek valley is nearly all a su- perior quality of rolling prairie. It has less rocky bluff land than any of the eastern townships ; and but for the persistent efforts of railway compa- nies to induce all immigrants to go to the western part of the State, it would have been as thickly settled as the rest of the county, years ago. At present it is making rapid strides, and will soon become densely populated.

Land is still cheap, but it will not long remain so. The native element largely predominates in the popula- tion, which is quite enterprising and intelligent.

MAYDAY

is. a small hamlet on Fancy creek, con- sisting of one stoic, owned and con- ducted by S. Weichselbaum, a black- smith shop, shoemaker shop, by John Osborn, a dressmaking and millinery establishment which will soon be opened by Mrs. Byarlay, and the house ot S. A. Byarlay.

REAL ESTATE AND MACHINE AUENdY.

S. A. BYARLAY, PBOPB] ETOB

As has been mentioned before, there is no better section of country in Riley county than that situated on the head waters of Fancy creek and its tributa- ries. The north branch of this creek

runs south from Marshall county, and unites with the southern branch a short distance below Mayday. Otter and Walnut creeks come in from the south. Some of the best bottom farms in the State are located on these creeks and their tributaries. The uplands are not as broken as in some other parts of the county, and many good improved and unimproved farms are located there.

As a fruit-bearing section this part of the county excels all others.

The inhabitants are mostly native Americans from the Eastern States and the mountains of Tennessee. No better class of people are found hi Kan- sas.

Mr. Byarlay has a large number of farms which are improved, and a large amount of unimproved land, for sale in this vicinity. He has been engaged in this vocation now for about three years, and has done a considerable business, which has increased gradu- aly to the present day. The distance to a market has heretofore operated against him ; but, with the present prospects of a road running up Fancy creek and another running north to connect the Junction City and Fort Kearney railway with the Central Branch, this will, no doubt, be one of theniost popular agencies in the coun- ty.

A glance at a short description of one of two of these farms which he has for sale, and the prices asked, will at once show that it will be for the in- terest of the land seekers to correspond with him before they purchase else- where.

S. A. Byarlay.

125

Number fourteen is a one hundred and sixty acre farm, all under fence, seventy-five acres in cultivation, forty in prairie meadow ; fourteen acres in timber, five acres in winter wheat, and sixteen in rye. Running water for stock, and well thirty-seven feet deep. Good, substantial house, 18x20, with out-buildings and corrals. Church and school house within one mile. Price, $1,700, one-half down and bal- ance on time.

Number eighteen is a farm of one hunderd and sixty acres, most beauti- fuly situated. One hundred and twenty acres bottom, and twenty slope land ; one hundred acres under fence ; sixty-five in cultivation; ten acres in hog pasture, and ten in grove, orchard and small fruit. Stream of running water through one end of the place, with twenty acres of timber exclusive of three thousand maples, one thou- sand cottonwoods and one thousand walnut trees that have attained a growth of ten feet, one hundred and fifty apple trees and a sufficient amount of cherries, blackberries, rasp- berries and strawberries for home con- sumption. Seven hundred rods of substantial fence, four hundred and fifty being hedge, and the balance board and wire, dividing the fields conveniently for pasturing stock. Ev- ery acre, exclusive of timber, can be cultivated. Frame dwelling, one and one-half story, 14x22, with wing 11x16, and cellar. Lawn with evergreens. Good spring and cistern. Frame sta- bles, and cribs for one thousand four hundred bushels. Three ■ miles from town. Price and terms : §3,200 ; two hundred down, balance in six years.

He can offer such inducements and terms as no other agency in the county can offer.

He has also some excelent farms in Clay county, where the herd law is in force, for sale on the same reasonable terms.

Farms and lands placed in his hands are sure to be sold in a short time, as his correspondence is extensive. He also deals in

FARM IMPLEMENTS

of the best manufactories, which he is selling as cheap as they can be pur- chased at any other point.

Mr. Byarlay is a young man who has lived from his early childhood in the northern part of Riley county, and is thoroughly accpuainted with every section of land in that vicinity. He has built up an enviable reputation as a man of unblemished character and sterling integrity.

He was elected Trustee of Mayday township in 18S0, and re-elected in 1881. He attends strictly to his busi- ness, and, being thoroughly reliable, his agency is destined to soon become one of the most prominent in this sec- tion of Kansas.

He solicits the patronage of land seekers, and will take pleasure in showing, free of charge, the many ex- celent farms in his possession. All cor- respondence and communications re- ceive prompt attention. Address S. A. Byarlay, Mayday, Riley county, Kansas.

FARM FOR SALE.— Two hundred and eighty- eight acres. Two hundred of it is choice creek bottom farm land, with running water on it. Sixty acres in cultivation; thirty acres in tim- ber; six acres in orchard, three hundred bear- ing trees, with rows of forest trees around it. The whole farm is fenced, with cross fences for pasture. Frame house and granary, stone cor- rals, sheds and chicken house, with stock yards, cribs, hog pens, etc. Handy to school house, church only eighty rods off. Raised fifty bush- els corn to the acre, last year. This at a bargain — only $4,000. For particulars address R. C. Athearn, 4 miles north of Mayday, Riley county, Kansas.

FARM FOR SALE.— Three hundred and twenty acres on north Fancy creek. A stream of running water. Farm under new fence; eighty acres mow land; one hundred, bottom land in cultivation; thirty in timber; balance fenced in pasture. Stone house, frame granary, corn crib that will hold three thousand bushels, good stable, stock yard and feed lot, with run- ning water in it. Good stone corral and chicken house. Corn averaged fifty bushels to the acre the last season. Price, ?3,200. For particulars, address Xewm an Wilson. Parallel, Riley county, Kansas.

126

Fancy Creel; Township.

jraney Creek Township.

This township lies immediately south of Mayday, of which it was a part until quite recently. Besides the valley of south Otter creek it contains a splendid body of upland prairie, and is steadily increasing in population. There is probably hardly another township in the county which contains so much realy choice land that can be bought cheap as this one, and now is the time to purchase.

The extension of the Kansas Central railway to Clay Center, will undoubt- edly give this township a railway sta- tion close to or within its border, and remove what has been the chief obsta- cle to its rapid progress. The comple- tion of this road will undoubtedly give

all of the western part of Riley county a boom, and those who buy before it is built, will make money.

Fancy creek runs through the north- east corner of this township, and a dam secures the water necessary to run "Winkler's Mill," the first perma- nent grist mill built in northern Riley, and owned by August Winkler, an en- terprising German gentleman who has grown wealthy by farming and mill- ing. He has the largest flock of sheep in Riley county, and reports them to be the most profitable kind of stock a farmer can raise. At the same place R. Burk has a store and post office called "Winkler's Mills."

Bala Township.

Bala township is just located south of Fancy Creek township, and contains about forty-two square miles of as fine upland prairie as any one need want, whose value will be enhanced as much as that of its northern neighbor by the extension of the Kansas Central rail- way. Indeed, it is probable that it will pass tbrough the northern portion of tbis township.

The larger part of the population are of Welsh birth or parentage (ex- cept a Swede and German settlement on the head of Walnut creek), and they possess all the desirable qualities of that sterling race. Welshmen will find Bala an especialy agreeable place to settle in.

There are two stone and four frame school houses in the township.

BALA

is a neat little town, on the head of Timber creek, in the southern part of the township, and has three general merchandise and grocery stores, con- ducted by Rowland Davies, James Sharpies and Mrs. Jenkins. There is also a good drug store, J. H. Jenkins, proprietor. The first cheese factory erected in Riley county was built here, by Mr. Sharpies, and is now in opera- tion. There is a harness shop, shoe shop, blacksmith shop and hotel also. There are two churches, Calvinistic and Lutheran. The Methodist society supports a minister, but have not erected their church as yet. There is also a large school house, with a large number of scholars.

Ogden Township.

vi;

Ogden Township.

Ogden township is in the south- western corner of the county, and con- tains about seventy-three square miles. The Kansas river bounds it on the southeast, and it is a splendid body of land, — a portion of which is well called " Eureka " bottom. It is also watered by Three and Seven Mile creeks. What is not strictly bottom land is mostly rolling prairie, and very choice at that.

There is one frame and five stone school houses, and a post office called Vinton, near the home of Hon. James M. Harvey, ex-Governor and ex- U. S. Senator.

OGDEN

was at one time the county seat of Ri- ley county, and is now a city of the third class. Its buildings are gener-

aly substantial, stone structures, and there are some excelent residences witbin the corporation. There are three stores in operation, which are do- ing a very good business, conducted by Thomas Weichselbaum, H. Roberts and G. W. Campbell. Mr. Campbell carries a good stock of drugs in con- nection with his other goods, and the post office is located in his store. There is a blacksmith and wheelwright shop, and a good hotel conducted by E. Whitacre. A large brewery has long been in operation here, but, since the prohibition amendment to our State constitution was passed, it has been closed. To what use these ex- tensive buildings will be put hereafter, we are not prepared to state.

Madison Township.

Madison township lies north of Bala, and is watered by Wild Cat, Madison and Timber creeks. It is really a mag- nificent body of land, some of which is now in the market at surprisingly low figures, considering its intrinsic and prospective value. But a small por- tion of it is too bluffy for tillage, and in quality it cannot be surpassed. Its farmers are generaly prosperous, and many of them are fast becoming wealthy. It has one stone and six frame school houses. The celebrated Elmdale stock farm is located in this township, and will be mentioned more fully in another place.

RILEY CENTER

Is situated in the central portion of the county, near the head of Wild Cat creek. It has trebled in size within the last two years and now supports two good stores, two drug stores, one hard- ware store, one tobacco store, a lumber and coal yard, two blacksmith shops,

a wheelwright and wagon shop, meat market, photograph gallery, two good hotels and a printing office.

The Riley Center Independent is a neat five column quarto, published weekly by Messrs. Southwick <k Moone, who are upright and industri- ous gentlemen. It is independent in politics, and is published at SI, 00 a vear.

LANE DAIRY FARJI- D. W. lane, Proi ior. — Manufacturer of and Dealer in butter and cheese, Bala, Kansas. Mr. Lane intends the coming season, to add to his farm in connection with his dairy an extensive egg and poultry bus- iness.

He is an upright and energetic man -who al- ways makes a success of whatever he under- takes, and having been one of the earliest set- tlers in the State he knows what can and cannot be accomplished here.

FOR <ALE.-A farm containing 100 acres of land adjoining Riley Center: 20 acres of timber; watered by Wild Cat creek and Spring branch. 100 acres under cultivation and 60 in two pas- tures. All under fence. Bearing orchard with 300 trees, besides small fruit. Good frame barn and corrals. Can be Bold in separate tracts, if desired. Price. $3,000. Reasonable time given on payments. Address S. SOAR, Riley Center, Kansas.

128

Red Belle Id.

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RED BELLE 2D,

ELM WOOD STOCK t'AKM,

Winner of Chalk //;/< Cup, of I In Kansas Central Fair, at Junction Citi/, for best animal on exhibition. (See page 129.)

1880,

Elmwood Stock Farm.

129

ELMWOOD STOCK FARM.

C. M. GIFFORD, PROPRIETOR.

Mr. Gifford is the pioneer in the breeding of shorthorn cattle in Riley county.

Elmwood stock farm is pleasantly located on Madison creek, twenty miles west from Manhattan, and four miles north of Milford on the Junction City and Fort Kearney railroad, which is its nearest railroad communication.

There are very nearly one thousand acres connected with the stock farm under fence, besides an unlimited range both east and west for grazing pur- poses. Madison creek, a stream of pure water, flows through it, .supplying each feeding yard and corral with an un- limited supply of pure, fresh water. The valley is heavily timbered, and, with the long line of sheds and wind- breaks erected, forms an ample protec- iton for the stock in winter.

Mr. Gifford has been engaged in the breeding of shorthorns from 1873, since which time he has gained a reputation second to none in this line of business in Kansas. His judgment proved to be of the best ; and his selections from the different herds in this and adjoin- ing States were the finest, regardless of cost, which causes him to be acknowl- edged one of the first breeders in the State. His present herd of thorough- breds, of which every one is or can be entered in the A. S. H. R., consists of forty-eight head, young and old, headed by the two highly bred bulls, the

SIXTH DUKE OF ACKLAM,

8346, S. H. R., who is a pure Rose of Sharon, bred by that veteran breeder, Abram Renick, of Kentucky, who has the best herd of Shorthorns in the United States, most of them pure Rose of Sharons, many of which have been exported to Europe by the best breed- ers there to be used in their herds, and

YOUNG MARY DUKE 17TH,

1495, S. H. R., a richly bred Young

Mary, sired by that grand bull, 20th Duke of Airdrie, 803, S H. R., who was used very extensively in the Flat Creek herd of Kentucky. This famous young bull was bred by the Hamiltons of Kentucky, who are among the very best breeders in this country. This young bull's seven top sires are highly bred Bates bulls, which makes him one of the richest bred Young Marys in the West.

AMONG THE COWS

are representatives of some of the best families in the country. At the head stands several splendid specimens of the far famed

FLAT CREEK MARYS

that were procured at considerable ex- pense to their owner. Chief among these specimens is Red Belle 2d, bred by the Messrs. Hamilton, of Ken- tucky. She has taken first premium in class at the Blue and Kansas Val- ley Fair, at Manhattan, in 1880 ; and first premium in class and sweepstakes at the Kansas Central Fair, at Junc- tion City, in the same year. Also the Challenge Cup, offered by Major Crane, of Durham Park, for best thor- oughbred animal on exhibition.

Xext come the Josephines, of which Mr. Gifford has some individuals that would be hard to surpass in any herd. Then come the Goodness, Harriets, Floras and several other good families, all of which are well bred and good and regular breeders, and, taken alto- gether, Mr. Gifford has a herd of Short- horns that any one^might justly feel proud of.

Until the present time, it has been principaly outlay with Mr.^Gifford and but very little income. Long prices were paid for cows and bulls, for nothing but the best of the different herds would he have, and the best he got regardless of what they cost. To- day he is reaping the benefit and is turning off some of the best young bloods ever sold in Kansas and being the best they are in turn bringing him back prices equal to those he paid for their predecessors.

130

Elmwood Stuck Farm.

HE HAS NOW FOR SALE

a fine lot of young bulls, ranging in age from six to twenty months, also a choice lot of young heifers.

There is no better stock in appear- ance, or with a better line of breeding. We have seen those who have visited all the principal herds in Kentucky, Illinois, Ohio and other homes of the shorthorns. We have met with the proprietors of those herds and they all unite in saying, The Elmwood herd equals any in appearance and points of breeding ; and, like Archie Hamilton, the king of breeders in Kentucky, say, "Why should it not be good, Mr. Gif- ford invariably purchased the best that any of us had and has bred carefuly from them with the best of judgment.

For the purpose of illustrating fully to the stock raisers of Kansas the ben- efits of grading their stock to a high point of excelence, Mr. Gilford, in the fall of 1879, selected out of his herd of grades a car load of steers graded up to seven-eighths and fifteen-sixteenths. These were placed upon the same feed and subjected to the same care and treatment as the lower grades. They were disposed of in the spring of 1880, and Die thirteen averaged 2108 pounds. They were shipped to New York and brought ten and a half cents per pound net. They were decidedly the best car load of fat cattle that was ever shipped out of Kansas, and were admired and eulogised not only by private individ- uals but by the press of Kansas City and Chicago as well.

They are also breeding at the Elm- wood Farm pun'

POLAND CHINA 1IOCS.

Mr. Giflbrd has had the best of suc- cess with this class of hogs and was one <>f the first to introduce them into this section, and they arc universaly con- sidered the best Logs for the farmers of the West who breed and feed hogs for profit.

The herd of Poland Chinas contains some fifty choice brood sows, all pure

bred, headed by the promising young boar Prince of Elmwood, and Grand Duke, recently purchased of A. C Moore & Sons, of Canton, Illinois.

Mr. Giflbrd raises about two hun- dred and fifty pigs a year of which the choicest only are sold for breeding pur- poses. He has bred the Poland Chinas on his place for twelve years and gave us the weights of several lots raised by him :

In 1871, 44, averaged 404 pounds.

In 1873, 80, do 427 pounds.

In 1877, 40, do 407 pounds.

In 1878, 40, do 432* pounds, do 90, do 371 pounds, do 100, one yr. old, averaged 309 pounds.

These are good weights and show that this breed of hogs are all that Mr. Gilford claims them to be, good breed- ers, hardy, good quiet feeders, fatten- ing at any age, and attaining great size. He says that when kept till from 18 to 20 months old, they will give the greatest amount of pork for quantity of corn fed, bring the highest market price, and are undoubtedly the best breed for the western farmer who raises hogs for profit.

We would not have our readers in- fer that nothing but thoroughbreds are dealt in at Elmwood. Mr. Giflbrd has a large herd of

HIGH GRADE COWS,

which he has selected with great care and breeds each year to his thorough bred bulls. He has many calls from ranchmen in the western part of the Slate for high grades. He shipped them a car load of young heifers last fall, which were graded up to seven- eighths and higher. They gave the best of satisfaction to the purchasers and a larger shipment will be made the Coming season.

Mr. Gilford has now one hundred steers on full feed for the spring mar- ket. The Flniwoodherdof grades con- sists of about three hundred head of horned cattle.

C. W. Knapp.

131

C. W. KNAPP.

DEALER IN GENERAL, MERCHANDISE.

This is the oldest, largest and most prominent store in the thriving town of Riley Center. Mr. Knapp was one of the first settlers of the county, com- ing to Kansas in 1855, and commencing business as a farmer on his farm on the Wild Cat, which remained in his pos- session until within a short time.

He located in Riley Center in 1871, then containing but two or three houses and the store which he opened at that time. Many additions have since been made until to-day the build- ing compares favorably with any store of the kind in the county, especialy in the convenient manner in which it is arranged and the stock of goods car- ried.

It is a frame building, two stories in bight, about 60x12-1 feet in size. The upper story is used as a dwelling, ex- cept one room, which is occupied by the Riley Center Independent, a week- ly paper published at this place. The building faces on two streets and stands in the heart of the town. An excelent set of Fairbanks' scales is situated on the south side of the store, convenient for weighing the produce, &c, which is taken in by Mr. Knapp in exchange for goods.

The stock of goods carried at this store is large, and is always selected by Mr. Knapp personaly, who visits the eastern markets several times each year for that purpose, and who uses the greatest care in these selections, and his goods are always such as are best adapted to the wants of this communi- ty, both in prices and in quality, and consist of all such goods as are gen- eraly kept in a store of this kind.

He takes in exchange country pro- duce of all kinds, for which he allows as much as the same articles will bring at any other point in the county. In fact he conducts just such a store as the people of the Center want, and" that they appreciate his efforts is well at- tested by the extensive patronage

which he has always had since he first commenced business. His patron- age is increasing each year as the country is settling up, until he now monopolizes the larger portion of the trade in the central part of the coun-

ty.

Mr. Knapp is a large, portly man, with good nature stamped on every feature, which is exemplified in his ev- ery day dealing with his patrons. He is recognized as one of the foremost men in the county, and although he never seeks office, office often seeks him. He is and has been the post master at this point for a number of years, which position he has filled to the satisfaction of the community and of the government which employs him. He is highly respected for his sterling worth as a citizen ; and having the utmost confidence in the future prosperity of Riley Center, he never spares pains nor money to advance any project that may benefit it.

CENTRAL HOUSE.

JOSEPH ROBERTS, PROPRIETOR.

The Central House is finely located, in a business point of view, being half way between Manhattan and Clay Center. Passengers over this stage route always stop, here for their din- ners, or over night. It is a large, frame building, with ample accommo- dations, and is arranged conveniently for hotel purposes. It was built by Mr. Roberts, in 1879, and has been do- ing a flourishing business. Mr. Rob- erts has a large fine farm which he wishes to retire to, providing he can dispose of his hotel property at a rea- sonable rate. The property consists of hotel, feed stable, store and five acres of ground, in Riley Center. It will be sold without including the store, if de- sired. It is a very valuable piece of property for any one who desires to go into the business.

132

Dr. J. Cram.

DR. J. CRANS.

DRUGGIST.

This young Doctor first came to Kan- sas in 1870. He is a native of New- berg on the Hudson, from which place he entered the army and served through the war as medical hospital steward.

He commenced the study of medicine when but fifteen years of age, at- tended one course of lectures at George- town, D. C, and continued it after leav- ing the army, in Chicago, 111., where he resided five years attending lectures.

He then came to Riley Center as above stated, in 1S70. Finding that there was but little sickness in this healthy and then thinly settled coun- try, he commenced raising stock, which business he has been engaged in ex- tensively up to the present time.

In 1878, Riley Center had begun to boom, and, being much in need of a drug store, the Doctor built his present cosy little building and filled it with a choice line of pure drugs and medi- cines. During .the winter of 1879-80 he attended another course of lectures at Keokuk, Iowa, where he graduated with high honors, and returned to Riley Center, where he has established a large practice, and is recognized by the medical fraternity of Kansas as one of the most promising young doctors in the State.

On the 7th of October, 1880, he read an essay before the Kansas Valley Medical Society on Glaucoma and its treatment, which, by the unanimous vote of the society, was ordered printed. It was sought for by many of the sci- entific journals and has been published by all the leading medical magazines in the country. His treatment of this disease is entirely original and of bis own conception. The case which was successfuly treated by the Doctor, and which has given him a wide r< p- utation, and introduced among the medical fraternity a new departure from the old method of treating (his terrible disease of the eye, is given be- low in an abridged form, which will

be very interesting to those who have ever had any experience in this dis- ease.

HISTORY OF THE CASE.

"James Clamson, aged 51 years, Swedish by birth, presented himself August 4th, 1880, with the following history: About eight years ago he got a rye beard in his eye, which be- came imbedded in the upper lid, caus- ing a callous tumor about the size of a navy bean. Complete ptosis, excess- ive vascular keratitis and ulceration of cornea existed. Cautory was freely applied to the tumor, and, on August 30th, I cut down and extirpated the beard, which caused excessive inflam- matory action, no doubt causing the condition of glaucoma, as, shortly after, the above diagnostic conditions began to present themselves. After due con- sideration of the subject, I determined to operate, September 7th, (experi- mentaly) by dividing the ciliary liga- ment, in the meantime telling the patient that perhaps another operation would be necessary, reserving the operation of iridectomy, in case of fail- ure. When I divided the ciliary liga- ment it snapped like a fiddle-string, so that those present in the room dis- tinctly heard and exclaimed,; "Did you hear it?" The results were, the eye resumed its normal spherical shape, pain subsided, and, after the inflammatory action subsided, the compress was applied, (a most valua- ble appliance in congestive ophthal- mia to shut oft excessive blood supply) with applications of the following :

R. Tannic acid, scr. ii ; glycerine, oz. i, to the ulcer on upper lid ; under the above treatment, the cornea is clearing up, the upper lid can be raised above the equator, and the patient can see his hand held before him. October 6th, 1880.

I would here say that the patient had not been able to see for months prior to treatment.

Doctor Crans is one of those warm hearted, generous men who have hosts of warm friends. His drug trade is ex- tensive andincreasing daily. His thor- ough knowdedge of medicine enables him to dispense it in a proper way, and the people have learned that at the Doctor's store they are sure to get the best and purest drugs in the market.

His practice is increasing with rapid strides, and he is destined to become the head and front of the medical fratornity of Central Kansas.

Appendix.

133

APPENDIX.

We do not claim that Riley county contains all the good lands and agricul- tural advantages in Kansas, but rather that it is "a center," and our advice to immigrants is to come direct to Riley county, and, if they do not get suited here, visit the surrounding counties.

WABAUXSEE COUNTY

Adjoins Riley on the south-east. It is traversed diagonaly by the M., A. & B. R. R. A large part of it consists of bluff land, but the bottoms on the Kan- sas river, Mill creek and several other streams cannot be exceled elsewhere. Alma, the county seat, is the center of a large German population, and Wa- baunsee, in the corner nearest Riley, was originaly settled by the Beecher Rifle Compauy from New England, who impressed their character upon the township which bears the name of the county. Taxation is very light in most of this county. Germans visiting it would do well to strike for Alma, and native Americans for "Waliuunsee.

DAVIS COUNTY

Lies nearly south of Riley, and pre- sents many attractions to those who prefer to live in a herd law county. A portion of it is but a few miles from Manhattan, and can easily be visited from that place. Milford township' which was formerly a part of Riley county, is in the Republican valley west of Riley, and is a section that we can heartily commend.

CLAY COUNTY,

Which lies west of Riley, is also a herd law county. It is traversed diagonaly by the Republican river and the Junc- tion City and Fort Kearney railroad. Its land is rich, and its agricultural ca- pacities very great, as it has but little waste land.

FOR SALE— by Mrs. Lucinda Gates.— The south half of the south-east quarter of section seventeen, and the east half of the north-east quarter of section twenty, township nine of Clay

county. This is one hundred and sixty acres of the best farming laud in the county; one hun- dred acres under cultivation, capable of produ- cing eighty bushels of corn per acre. The place La situated on the Republican river at the mouth of Deep creek, and on J. C. & F. K. R. R.. three miles from Wakefield. This farm is offered for sale for twenty-five hundred dollars.

MARSHALL COUNTY,

On the north, is a very fine county, and the valleys of the Big and Little Blue and Vermillion, are of surpassing beauty. When the building of the Blue Valley R. R. from Manhattan shall have lead to the development of its manufacturing capacity, it will sup- port a dense population.

POTTAWATOMIE COUNTY.

Next to Riley we recommend Potta- watomie county. It is divided from Riley by the Big Blue, and the most of the bottom land of that valley is on the Pottawatomie side. In addition, El- bow, Cedar, Mclntire, Carnahan and Spring creeks, and a number of small- er streams that flow into the Blue, have fine valleys. They are divided from each other by a range of bluffs that pass into table lands toward their source. Taxation in this county is un- usualy light and the Union Pacific runs through its southern portion and the Kansas Central its northern. Garrison, the present terminus of the latter, is a thriving town on the Big Blue ; and Olsburg, the next station east, located on the divide, in the midst of a large Swede settlement, is growing rapidly. Mariadahl is also a small but prosper- ous town on the Blue in the Swede set- tlement. Those who wish to engage in stock raising can hardly do better than to settle in the western portion of this county, but among the farms for sale we know of none that we can re- commend more fully for this purpose than

PENROSE,

At the head of Cedar creek, about ten miles from Manhattan, five miles from

1S4

Appendix.

Rocky Ford, and ten miles from Ols- burg. It contains between eigbt and nine bundred acres of land, embracing the valley of the creek and some bluff land on both sides. Several hundred acres are fenced with stone or wire, and the residence is a frame building (con- creted throughout) 24x-48 feet and one and a half stories high. It has a bearing orchard, a well, numerous un- filing springs, corrals, stock sheds, tool cabin, &c. It will be sold togeth- er or in parcels. For particulars ad- dress B. F. Griffin, Manhattan, Kansas, or apply on the place.

C. E. MAILS.

BREEDER OF PURE BRED SHORT- HORNS.

Some of the best bottom land in Kansas is that which lies on the penin- sula between the .Blue and Kansas rivers, in Pottawatomie county, east of Manhattan.

C. E. Mails' stock farm is located on this bottom, two miles east of Manhat- tan. The Kansas flows near the build- ings on the south, and the heavy tim- ber which lines its banks affords ample shelter to the excelent herd of high grades which are being raised in con- nection with the other lines of business which are carried on by him and his father.

The herd of thoroughbreds is not large, but contains some of the choicest

shorthorns in Kansas, and are mostly of his own breeding.

JOAN'S PRINCE

stands at the head of the herd. He is a rich roan, and was sired by the 28th Duke of Airdrie. Dam, Joan's Lily by Bates 2nd. He is but sixteen months old, and is one of the most promising young bulls in central Kansas. He is from the Durham Park herd, and is a tine bred animal of the Mason family.

ADEL

is as fine a cow as one would desire to see. She is four years old, sired by Western Minister. Dam, Morning Star, by Belle Duke. She is a fine representative of the Bates family.

STAR OF THE WEST

is ten years old, sired by Minister, dam Cherry, by Able. She is a supe- rior bred animal, and is dam or grand dam to all the herd except Joan's Prince. The rest of the herd possess equaly excelent qualities. Adel's calf, at eleven months old, sold for one hun- dred and fifty dollars, last fall, at our fair, and has made a gain of one hun- dred and two pounds each month since that time.

Their herd of grades, seventy-five in number, show excelent breeding, and are doing finely.

Mr. Mails is a native of Kansas, and is a splendid representative of our State in manly vigor, standing six feet and three inches in his stockings, straight as an arrow, and weighing over two hundred pounds. He is scarcely twenty-one years of age, yet he stands high among the stockmen of Kansas.

Contents. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

135

.Minor X. A. Adams, live .stock dealer, 78

D. Adams, grocer, 81

Hon. John A. Anderson, 42

Ailingham & Stewart, grocers, 95

American House, 96

Appendix, 132

Wabaunsee county 132

Davis " 132

132

Pottawatomie " 132

C. E. Mails, blooded stockbreeder, 133

A sliland Township, 112

Bala Township. 126

Bala, 126

W. Balderston, bakery and restaurant, 103

.1. w. Blachly, nurseryman, 101

Book .K: Pierson, meat market, 74

W. ll. Bower, undertaker, 103

John Brett, blacksmith. 86

P.. L. Breburg, tickets to Europe, 102

Geo. Burgoj ue, photographer, 84

Caldwell Wagon < !o., 140

A. J. Carpenter, hogs and chickens, 102

Peter Cool, carpenter and builder 75

Warren < ooper, merchant 88

J. 8. Corbett, raiserof i>u re blooded poultry, 99

Cottage Hotel, 136

Crump & Hungerford, abs., loan and ins. ag'y, 89

Dow & Brown, real estate agents coverp. 2

John Drew, horse trainer, 98

AsaEames 93

Earl & Housekeeper, carpenters,. 192

L. B. Elliott, real estate age/icy, .102, 103,100, 67

" " •• insurance agenc; 102

" " " ticket- 1.. Europe, 102

Fancy Creek Township, 126

Farm Products, statistics, 7

s. M . Fox, boookseller and stationer 137

J.F.Gardner, dealer inice, 90

Grant To\s nship, .112

Stockdale, 112

Ex-Governor N. Green, 113

J. I). Sweet, blacksmith and merchant,.. .114

Walnut Grove Stock Farm 115

.lame- L. Stro -e manufacturer,.. US

Green .V Hessin, attorneys at law, 102

J. Haines, carpenter and' builder, 103

t ieo. W. Harrop, druggist, 77

Harrow's Drug Store, (illustration) 77

Hon. R. J. Harper, claim agent, 79

Hon. Ceo. W. Higinbotham, 52

Wm. P. Higinbotham, insurance agency, 55, 102

" " " banket', .' 56

" " " live stock, 56

" " " special

Geo. B. Himes, harness and saddle maker,... 81

Hostrup & Towers, barbers, 88

Harry Hougham, contractor. 92

Charley Lrvin, blacksmith, 89

Jackson Tow nship, 119

Bandolph, 120

Randolph Crist Mill, 120

Randolph Livery Stable, 121

John Foster, hi inner dealer, 121

< krson Kins', harness maker, 122

cii v Hotel, C. A. Moore, proprietor, i22

Randolph Drug Store, 123

Thomas Williams, blacksmith, 123

W. C. Johnston, druggist, 94

C. F. Keables, carriage manufacturer, 74

Kimble Pump Co cover p. 3

N . H. Knight, Borghum manufacturer, 103

Wm. Knostman, clothier, 126

Win. 1".. Leicester, merchant tailor. 70

.1. N. Limbocker, real estate dealer, 103

Live stock, statistics, 8

Long & Firestone, livery and feed stable, .. 87

Long, Towers & Co., meat market. 97

W . H. Low e. farm implement-, 65

Drs. Lyman & Ward, 30

Madison Township, 127

Riley Centre, 127

D. W. Lane, cheese manufacturer, 127

Farm for Sale 127

Ibd Bell 2nd. (illustration) 128

Elmwood Grove Stock Farm 120

C. W. Kuapp. general merchandise, 131

Central House, Joseph Boberts, prop'r,. . .131

Manhattan, the Beautiful City, 32

Population, 33

Religion and Morality, 33

Educational Advantages 36

state Agricultural College, 36

The Public School 38

Public School Building, (illustration) 38

City Organization, 39

Exporl Business, 39

Business Directory, 40

Manhattan Township", 103

Red Rose Stock Farm, 105

Montrose stock Farm, 108

A. W. Rollins, stock breeder, 110

.Manhattan Bank. 47, 139

Manhattan Mill and Elevator 17

Manhattan Nursery, 137

Manhattan Enterprise, 102

Paul Malm, shoemaker, 70

Chas. D. Marvin, painter, 85

A. P. Mills, grocer, 82

Mayday Township, 124

'Mayday 124

s. A Byarlay, real estate agent, 124

Land for sale, 125

The Nationalist. 6, 101

Ogden Township, 127

< >gden, 127

l>". I'atee, 71

s. Pillsbury, boot and shoe dealer, 76

t . . A. Pollard, pattern maker. 10o

E. B. Purcell, merchant, 46. 139

E. K. Purcell Elevator Co., 138

Riley County, description of 10

Water < lourses, 44

Bottom lands, 14

The I pland Prairies, 15

\ alue of Land, 10

harm Crops, 16

Fruit, 17

Timber, 18

Meteorology, 18

Pain fall, statistics 19

Live stock, 19

Thoroughbred Cattle. 19

The I'.l led Stock < enter, 20

Swine, 20

Horses and Mules, 20

Slice]) 11

Poultry. 21

• e and Lime. 21

Its Railroad System, 22

Tile Barge System, 24

< !< >-t of Building, 2."i

Wages of .Mechanics and others, -■>

llealthfulness, 25

Sanitariums, ii

Manufacturing Advantages 27

W ater Power. 27

Bituminous Coal, 28

Markets. 29

Commercial Morality, 29

Political and Social Influence 30

Agricultural College Build'g, (illustration) 31

Pocky Ford Mills,....". 51, 139

Dr. J . Robinson, druggist, 69

Sawyer & scott, loan and insurance agencv, 84

Will A. Scott, attorney at law 102

H. W. Stackpole, •'• •• 102

E. K . Shaw, jeweler, 83

Geo. P. Sherman, carriage painter, 86

James L. Soupene, carpenter and builder,. . 103

short Brothers, gardeners. 73

Stingley & Huntress, merchants. 59

A. Stingley's Residence, (illustration) 03

le 1 reek Township, 123

The B. & K. V. C. Agency, 81

The Industrialist, 102

The staie of Kansas, 7

The Telephone, 102

Robert DTrich, brick manufacturer, 95

Ulrich Brothers, machinists, '-'2

W. T. Vail, M. D., 102

A . J . Whitford, hardware, '.'3

Jacob Winne, mason, 75

II. A. Young & Co., lumber dealer, 68

Zeandale Township. HI

P. W. Zeigler, hardware, 64

jg4 Appendix.

Rocky Ford, and ten miles rorn Ols- shorthorns in Kansas, and are mostly

burg. It contains between ight and of his own breeding.

nine hundred acres of land nbracing joan's prince

the valley of the creek and >me bluff stan(is at the head of the herd. He

land on both sides. Se^ hundred ig a rich roan? anc\ was sire(i by the2Sth

acres are fenced with stone < wire, and the residence is a frame bailing (con- creted throughout) 24x48 fe and one and a half stories high. lias a bearing orchard, a well, nuierous un- failing springs, corrals, sick sheds, tool cabin, &c. It will be i togeth- er or in parcels. For pan Iars ad- dress B. F. Griffin, Manhatt. Kansas, or apply on the place.

C. E. MAILS.

BREEDER OF

PURE HORNS.

BRE SIIORT-

Some of the best bottoi land in Kansas is that which lies on le penin- sula between the JBlue an Kansas rivers, in Pottawatomie corny, east of Manhattan.

C. E. Mails' stock farm is .-ated on this bottom, two miles east < Manhat- tan. The Kansas flows nearhe build- ings on the south, and the hivy tim- ber which lines its banks aff is ample shelter to the excelent her of high grades which are being raisl in con- nection with the other lines c business which are carried on by hii and his father.

The herd of thoroughbred is not large, but contains some of tl choicest

Duke of Airdrie. Dam, Joan's Lily by Bates 2nd. He is but sixteen months old, and is one of the most promising young bulls in central Kansas. He is from the Durham Park herd, and is a tine bred animal of the Mason family.

AI"

is as fine a cow as one would desire to see. She is four years old, sired by Western Mi: Dam, Morning

r, by Belle Duke. She is a fine representative of the Bates family.

VR OF THE WEST

is ten years old, sired by Minister, dam Cherry, by Able. She is a supe- rior bred animal, and is dam or grand dam to all the herd except Joan's Prince. The rot of the herd possess equaly excelent quali \ del 's calf,

at eleven months old, sold for one hun- dred and fifty dollar fall, at our fair, and has made a gain of one hun- dred and two pounds each month since that time.

Their herd of grades, seventy-five in number, show excelent breeding, and are doing finely.

Mr. Mails is a native of Kansas, and is a splendid representative of our ite in manly vigor, standing six feet and three inches in his stockings, straight as an arrow, and weighing over two hundred pounds. He is scarcely twenty-one years of age, yet he stands high among the stockmen of Kansas.

S-t

Contents. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

135

Major BT. A. Ad er,

Hon. Jol 12

Allinghi

A iu«- ii' ' H

•\|M"

\\ B 132

Da

i r

W. i-

.i. \\ I'll

\\ . I I !

John B. L. II

(,,-.. Ii

Cald \. .1 ■

75 38

.1. 8. •

■

{ nn

I h I H

John i'

I

A II

i.. i; i

i

.. ..

Kan

I i - M i .11 •

.112

112

113

.1.1' ..int.. .114

\\ 115

urer, 11*

.l.H 103

.... 77 II:,. -.77

Hon i

\\ 'in. I' I. 55, 102 •• ... 56 56

.. ..

... 81

II 88

*

:::::::S

120

i; 121

.1 121

1--

ietor, .

128

W.« •— •«

C. V. K :- '*

cover p. 3

\ ,i > trer, 103

Win. h

ilor, .1 . \ 'aler,

Manh lieautiful Citv, 32

33

Morality, 33

\'l\ antages 3t>

icultural College, 36

c School 38

,i.l Building, (illustration) 38

nization, 39

39

>i rectory, 40

Maul, ■. 103

Re ck Farm, 105

Moi ck l'arm.

A. W. illins, stock breeder, 110

Manh ul 47, 139

Maul;: II and Elevator, 17

.Maul i ery, 137

Maul, i prise, 102

1'au] ' maker, 70

. painter, 85

A. P. ,r. 82

Mavd: up, 124

'Ma; 124

lay, real estate agent, 124

Lai le, 125

List, 6, 101

i, 127

127

Dr. Patee 71

s. Pill fit and shoe dealer, 76

• .. A. Pol pattern maker, 10n

E. B. , reliant, 46. 139

I.. B. vator Co 138

Rilev < :scription of 10

S\';i - 44

Bottom nds, 14

The 1 d Prairies, 15

Value i Land, 16

l'arm i -. 16

Fruit. 17

'l'imi,e 18

Meti 18

i:.-i istics, 19

Livi 19

Tho i Cattle, 19

The Stock i enter, 20

Swine, 20

Hoi i tiles, 20

Slice)) 11

Poultr; 21

Lime, 21

It- ,.,. 22

Thi stem, 24

Cos iing, 25

Wages Mechanics and others, 25

lie 25

Sanitar ,,-. 27

Ma d ing Advantages, 27

.' 27

turns Coal,

29

ml Morality,

Pol Social Influence. 30

Ami- n j ( ollege Build1;;, (illustration) 31 . . ^■■^^ . . 51, 139 69 ■pcy. 84 WillA.S ^E....102

ii. w . - ■ ... 102

i-:. k. si.- m.... 83

Geu.am / W ...

JaujtfL W'^-r- - 103

. 73

. 5!)

. 63

.123

. 81

.102

7

. 102

. 95

92

102

93

. 75

. 68

111

... 04

138 Cottage Hotel — Wm. Knostman.

o

ll KNOSTMAN,

^ ClothieR,

-4

p THE

H

o bJ

O ^^ OPPOSIT THE P.O.,

- H *

(J ""g MANHATTAN, KANSAS.

•rH

S-t PL,

rh O ^ O

Q

Keeps ou baud a full line of the better class of

' <

2 O

Q And all the latest styles of the season

Ready Made Clothing,

Ph hats, caps,

trunks & valisks,

SHIRTS, COLLARS,

at

BOTTOM PRICES.

Manhattan Nwsery — S. M. Fox. 137

Manhattan Ndbsery S- M. FOX.

College Hill. Manhattan. Kas.

Our large and increasing stock of

BOOK SELLER

FRUIT, SHADE, AND

Orrfair|er(tal ¥fee^,

Grape Vines, Fiowerii Plants,

EVERGREENS, ETC.

Is in splendid condition for Spring Setting.

AND

STATIONER.

Our assortment of HOllie GrOWn, Tested, No. 311 Poyntz Avenue,

VARIETIES OF FRUIT,

Manhattan, Kans.

For Central Kansas,

Is larger and of greater excelence than can be found elsewhere.

°WF§C?lSramaB%BWTl^B' A full to* of ererytbtag usualv Icept

is ABSOL UTEL Y FREE FROM DISEASE.

in a All Stock Carefully Graded in Refer- ence to Price, Age and Growth.

IRA

HNfl TODD Agt. First Class Book store-

138 E. B. Purcell Elevator Co.

E. B. PURCELL ELEVATOR CO.,

PROPRIETORS OF

MANHATTAN MILLS,

Manufacturers of

Patent Process Flour,

Bolted Corn Meal.

and Q-round Feed.

WHOLESALE DEALERS IN GRAIN,

LUMBER AND LIVE STOCK.

Principal Office at Manhattan, Kansas.

E. B. PURCELL, President. J. B. ANDERSON, Treasurer. JAMES T. RITCHIE, Secretary.

B	RANCHES	AT
ST. GEORGE,	Pottawatomie	County,	Kansas
WABAUNSEE	, Wabaunsee	do	do
FAIRFIELD,	do	do	do
ALMA,	do	do	do
ESKRIDGE,	do	do	do
AMES,	Cloud	• do	do

Rocky Ford Mills — E. B. Purcell. 139

ROCKY FORD MILLS,

On Big Blue River, near

MANHATTAN, KANSAS,

E. B. PURCELL CO.,

PROPRIETORS.

This mill, with the new machinery recently added, is in complete order for

doing

CUSTOM AND MERCHANT WORK,

And is at all times prepared to furnish FLOUR, FEED, SHIP STUFF, &c, at wholesale or retail, at lowest market prices.

WATER POWER, 5,000 HORSES.

This being the best water power in the State, parties who may wish to lease water privilege for Woolen or Paper Mills, Starch Factories, or for other pur- poses, should correspond with

E, B, PURCELL Co, Manhattan, Kansas.

Established 1S66. E. B. PURCELL,

— _ m _ __ _ _ __ __ Merchant and Banker,

CASH HOUSEl DEALER IN EVERYTHING,

MANHATTAN, KANSAS.

ESTABLISHED MAY, 1870.

Manhattan Jsank,

MANHATTAN, KANSAS.

E. B. PURCELL, Banker. Jno. W. WEBB, Cashier.

140

A. CALDWELL,

President.

Tht Caldwell Wagon..

C. B. BRACE,

Treasurer.

J. B. McAFEE,

Secretary.

OFFICE OF

THE KAISAS MilFACTilBIIG CO.

LEAVENWOETH, KAS.,

■Manufacturers of

The Caldwell W agon.

Before buying a Wagon, call on

Mr. E. B. PURCELL,

Wto is apiit for the well known CALDWELL WAGON.

This wagon is manufactured in Leavenworth of the BEST SELECTED INDIANA HICKORY AND OAK, for Axles and Felloes. Wisconsin and Pennsylvania furnish WHITE OaK AND BLACK BIRCH forHubs.and Tennesseefurnish.es CLEAR POPLAR for the sides and endsof the beds. Every Lmprovemenl of value will be found in this Wagon, and the utmost care is taken to produce a smoothly finished, durable and handsome wagon. Call on Mr. Purcell and carefuly inspect this beautiful wagon.

The KANSAS MANUFACTURING Co.,

A. CALDWELL, President.

DL

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Nothing is more calculated to meet a long felt want than the invention shown on this page. The Pump here represented is acknowledged to be the

SIMPLEST. STRONGEST. MOST DURABLE

And Best

FORCE AND SUCTION PIMP NOW .MADE

No Piston Rods or Packing Boxes.

Manufactured and sold exclusively in Kan- sas by

THE KIMBLE PUMP CO.

AS A SCCTIOX AND FORCE PI'MI*.

Territory or Royalty Rights for sale on ap- plication to the patentee.

SAM KIMBLE,

Manhattan, Kansas.

4

^

RED BELLE, 2nd, property of C. M. Gifford, Riley County, Kansas, breeder of pure Shorthorn Cattle and Poland China Hogs. We are breeding from individuals from some of the most noted herds in Kentucky, Missouri and Kansas.

C. M. GIFFORD.

THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY REFERENCE DEPARTMENT
This book is tak	under no circums en from the Build	tances to be ing
form 410		1

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