GIS^^L ^ILLUSTRATIONS i^i/lf^

BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY •

9

CONTAINING

THEIR GENERIC AND SPECIFIC DISTINCTIONS;

AN ACCOUNT OF THEIR METAMORPHOSES, TIMES OF

APPEARANCE, LOCALITIES, FOOD, AND ECONOMY,

AS FAR AS PRACTICABLE.

BY JAMES FRANCIS STEPHENS, F.L. and Z.S.

V. PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, ETC.

EMBELLISHED WITH COLOURED FIGURES OF THE RARER AND
MORE INTERESTING SPECIES.

MANDIBULATA.
VOL. VI.

" In his tam parvis tainque fere nullis quas ratio ! quanta vis ! quam inextricabilis
perfectio! " — Plin.

"Finis Creationis Telluris est gloria Dei, ex opera N^itI^j\"*^i^ffSffiin^W'''iV>S
solum."_£i«»e. ^y^ ^ U Si H* ST '

LONDON : N^ . c^ .^

PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR. ^ ^~^
AND

PUBLISHED BY BALDWIN AND CRADOCK.
1835.

LONDON

t. BALDWIN', PIUNTittt, NEW BRIDG i:«STI!ET<

ILLUSTRATIONS

OF

BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY.

Order II.— DE R M A P TE R A, De Geer.

Wings very broad, ovate-triangular, with radiating nervures, folded longitu-
dinally and transversely; stigma large, coriaceous, projecting (during
repose) beyond the melytra. which are short, subquadrate, with a straight
suture (as in the Coleoptera), and truncate at the apex. Body linear, nine-
jointed in the males, seven-jointed in the females, and furnished at the apex
with horizontally moveable appendages, more or less curved in the males,
and straight in the females. Metamorphosis semicomplete.
Although probably this order is not of equal value with the
Coleoptera or Orthoptera, nevertheless I shall still consider it as
distinct, as placed in the commencement of the first volume ; with
the former it agrees in having coriaceous elytra, destitute of nervures,
and united by a straight suture ; while it differs therefrom in its
trophi, in which it agrees with the Orthoptera, but from them its
elytra remove it. The order at present consists of a single family,
whence its relative value becomes questionable : it was estabhshed
by Kirby, in the Linnean Transactions, as the suggestion of Leach,
but De Geer had previously noticed it, and his name is employed.

Family I.— FORFICULID^ mihi.

AntenncE filiform, the articulations distinct, variable in number, the basal one
most robust, the second smallest, the remainder more or less inconstant in
length ; palpi filiform, with the terminal joint oblong-cylindric ; labrum
rounded, entire ; mandibles curved, bifid at the apex ; head scarcely broader
than the thorax, flat, porrected ; eyes slightly prominent ; thorax somewhat
quadrate, flat, especially on the sides; body slightly convex above and
below, and armed at the tip with forceps ; legs remote, nearly equidistant
and simple, formed for running; torsi triarticulate, the intermediate joint
very short, and sometimes bilobed.

Mandibulata, Vol. VI., 30th April, 1835. a 2

4 MANDIBULATA. DEllMAl'TBRA.

The only family of this order is the present ; the insects of which
it consists are very lively and active ; the larva and pupa resembling
the imago, excepting that they have only the rudiments of wings,
and the anal appendages are less produced ; the eggs are white and
shining, and are deposited in dung-hills, under clods of earth, &c.,
and the parent is said to attend them with great care until hatched,
when she equally superintends the young larvae.

The following genera have been distinguished, which may be
known by the subjoined concise characters: —

Tarn articulo ^bifido: antenruB anicuWs 12 — 14; Alati : 1. Forficula.

intermedio J ^P'"' ^ 2. Cheliduka.

lio \

simplice : antenna articulis | ^^ . "i • • / t ^^^^
^ 1 20 aut plurimis : 4. Lauidura.

Genus I. FORFICULA Auctor

um.

Antennas moderate, consisting of from thirteen to fifteen jointSj of which the
basal one is somewhat robust, but attenuated towards the base, second very
short, third nearly as long again as the second, fourth of the same length as
the second, the remainder slender, elongate-cylindric, the terminal one
being obtuse. Palpi moderate, rather slender, the terminal joint a little
attenuated towards the apex, which is truncate; head somewhat triangular;
thorax truncate anteriorly, with the angles nearly straight, or rounded
posteriorly; body glabrous; wings ample; abdomen in the males with the
caudal appendage curved and acuminate at the apex, the base dentate
within ; in the female nearly straight, and slightly crenulated within ; tarsi
with the intermediate joint bilobed.

The insects of this genus, known by the familiar name of earwigs,
from their supposed propensity to penetrate into the ear, arising
simply from their endeavour to secrete themselves from the light,
when accidentally disturbed and falling upon the human head, are
extremely vivacious and nimble, but, at least in this country, rarely
employ their beautiful wings in flight : they differ from the other
genera by having the intermediate joint of the tarsi bilobed, from
bearing wings, and in the relative number of articulations of the
antennse ; but from the extreme liability of these organs to fracture,
owing to the nimbleness of the insects, some of the terminal joints
are frequently wanting during the life of the animal.

Sp. 1. auricularia. Pi.ate xxviii. /. 1. forceps. — Rufo-picea, elytris pallidio-
rihus, pedibus ihoracisque marginilms pallide testaceis, capiie ferrugineo antice
nigricanti, forcipe brevi, semicircidari, tesiacea apice nigricanti Jcemine
subrectu. (Long. corp. 0" — 8J liii.)

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FORFICULID^E. FOBFICULA. «5

Fo. auricularia. Linne. — Wood, i. pi. 30. — Steph. Catal. i. 299. No. 3299.
Head ferruginous^ more or less dusky in front, eyes black ; thorax much
depressed, black, with pale margins ; elytra about one-fourth the length of
the abdomen, pale red; abdomen of a rusty-black, or pitchy-red. the
margins of the segments sometimes paler; the apex in the males furnished
with a pair of abbreviated, somewhat semicircularly curved forceps, armed
with a tooth within at the base, meeting at the tip ; in the female they are
nearly straight, being faintly incurved towards the apex, and very finely
Granulated within ; in both sexes they are testaceous, with the apex dusky ;
legs very pale testaceous ; in immature specimens nearly white.
The difference in the form of the forceps, exclusively of other distinctions, as
shown in the accompanying figures, will enable the reader to understand
the species.

Extremely abundant in gardens throughout England, and very-
injurious to flowers by destroying the petals, to the great annoyance
of the floriculturists.

Sp. 2. media. Plate xxviii._f. 2. forceps. — Capite ferrugineo oculis thoraceque
nigris, hoc marginibus elytris pedibusque pallidis, forcipe subelongata tenue,
pallida, infemina subinciirvata. (Long. corp. 4| — 7^ lin.)

Fo. media. Marsham. — Steph. Catal. i. 299. No. 3300.

Head ferruginous ; eyes and thorax black, the margins of the latter broadly
pale ; elytra, legs, and forceps, very pale, the latter slightly elongate, very
slender, not semicircular, and in the females somewhat incurved at the
apex ; abdomen pale testaceous, dusky on the terminal segment ; antennae
pale.

Not common ; found in the vicinity of London, and at " Cam-
bridge."— C. C. Babington^ Esq.

Sp. 3. borealis. Plate xxviii. f. 3. forceps. — Capite toto ferrugineo, oculis
atris, thorace nigro marginibus pallidis, elytris testaceis, abdomine Jerrugineo-
testaceo,Jorcipe subelongata subellipticd piced basi pallida, injbemina subrectd,
apice decussatd. (Long. corp. 7 — 10 lin.)

Fo. borealis. Leach MS.— Steph. Catal. i. 299. No. 3301.

Head entirely ferruginous ; eyes black; thorax short, black, with the lateral
margins broadly pale ; elytra dull-testaceous ; abdomen rusty-testaceous,
somewhat pitchy at the base of each segment, and very finely punctured,
the terminal segment broad, very faintly punctured, with an obtuse lateral
protuberance, and at the apex two tubercles, with a small fovea betv/een
them anteriorly ; forceps slightly elongated, the two sides forming some-
what of an elliptic figure, the base pale red, the inside and towards the apex
pitchy, at the base within a small tooth ; nearly straight, but similarly
coloured in the female ; legs pale-reddish.
Extremely abundant in some parts of the country, on oaks, espe-

6 MANDIBULATA. — PEKMAPTERA.

cially at Darenth wood, in June : it also occurs in plenty at Dover,
and near Edinburgh. " Berwick upon Tweed." — C. C. Babmgton,
Esq.

Sp. 4. forcipata. Plate xxviii. f. 4. — Capite toto ferrugineo, oculis atris,
thorace pallida vitta longitudinali atra, elytris pallide testaceis, abdomine fer-
rugineo-testaceo, forcipe elongatd paullo incurvata pallida, apice piced, in
faemina subrecta, apice decussatd. (Long. corp. 8 — 10 lin.)

Fo. forcipata. Steph. Catal. i. 299. No. 3302.

Head totally ferruginous ; eyes black ; thorax pale, with a broad longitudinal
streak ; elytra pale testaceous ; abdomen rusty-testaceous^ finely punctured,
and with the terminal segment as in Fo. borealis, and armed in the male
with a pair of very long forceps, which are slightly incurved, armed with a
large triangular tooth within rather distinct from the base, of a pale red,
with the extreme inner edge and the apex somewhat pitchy ; in the female
nearly'straight, being only a little decussating at the apex ; legs very pale,
with straight tibiae.
Less abundant than the last : found at Coombe wood on high

trees, and also in the New Forest. "Bath." — C. C. Babington,

Esq.

Genus II.— CHELIDURA, Latreille?

AntenncB moderate, twelve-jointed, the basal one stout, the second very
minute, third rather slender and longish, the remainder of nearly equal
length and form, the terminal one long, a little ovate at the apex. Palpi as
in Forficula ; head small, rounded-triangular ; thorax quadrate, depressed ;
body glabrous ; elytra short, truncate ; wings none ; abdomen slightly
widened towards the apex, the base with an elongate carina on each side,
the apical joint with four tubercles, with a truncate-quadrate projection
between the forceps, which are remote at their origin, slightly bent, and
have a tooth in the middle of the inner edge in the male ; they are nearly
straight and simple, but remote in the female.

Not having Latreille's Families Naturelles to refer to, I am not
positive that this is really synonymous with his genus Chelidura, but
I believe that I am correct. I am equally uncertain as to the name
of the species, from being unable to obtain a sight of Hagenbach*'s
Fauna Helv., to which Charpentier refers, without describing the
insect, but in his observations he notices sufficient to enable me to
arrive at the fact. The present genus not only differs from Forficula
in being totally apterous, but in having the forceps remote at their
origin, as in Labidura, with a tooth in the middle of the inner edge,
and a quadrate appendage to the terminal joint of the abdomen

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FOHFICULID^. LABIA. 7

between them ; the number of articulations in the antennae is fewer
than in Forficula, with which genus it agrees in having bilobed
tarsi.

Sp. 1. albipennis? Plate xxviii. f. 5. forceps. — Testaceo-pallidaf route nigricanie,
thoracis medio abdominisque vitta abbreviatd laterali nigris, forcipe elongatd
subrecta, apice paullo incurvatd laterd interna dente medio instructd, injaemina
fere recta. (Long. corp. 4 — 5 lin.)

Fo. albipennis. Charpent. Horas Ent. 68. — Fo. media. Hugenbach, Faun.
Helv. p. 16, /. 7 ? — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix. — Fo. centralis. West-
wood MS.

Very pale testaceous, the head rather dusky in front ; the middle of the thorax
obscurely black ; the abdomen with a distinct abbreviated black streak on
each side at the base, the segments to which it extends having an elevated
line : the forceps are long, not very much bent, being a little incurved at
the tip, and on their inner edge bear a single triangular tooth in the middle,
and at the base are a little waved : in the female the forceps are very
slightly incurved at the extreme tip only; and in both sexes they are
entirely pale.

The colours are occasionally a trifle darker in tint.

The only examples 1 have seen of this very distinct species were

taken at " Ashford, Kent, June.'' — /. C. Westwood, Esq., to whom

I am indebted for the insect and the loan of his specimens.

Genus III. — LABIA, Leach.

Antennas short, rather stout, consisting of from ten to twelve joints, basal one

stoutish, second very short, third not so long as the fourth, which is stouter,

and exceeds the second in length ; remainder gradually increasing in length,

somewhat elongate-ovate, and stoutish, the terminal joint shortish and more

slender. Falpi short, slender, terminal joint truncate pubescent; head

rounded ; thorax slightly rounded in front, with all the angles rounded ;

body pubescent ; abdomen with the caudal appendage in the male slightly

incurved, and armed with numerous minute denticulations within, in the

female straight and simple ; tarsi with the intermediate joint simple.

From Forficula the simple intermediate joint of the tarsi, in

addition to the dissimilarity of the forceps, as also the fewer joints of

the antennse, distinguish Labia, as the latter character will from

Labidura, in addition to other discrepancies — the present genus

consists of but one indigenous species, which is extremely active,

and flies elegantly in the sunshine, whereas the true Forficulas very

rarely fly, at least in this country.

8 MANDIBULATA. DERMAPTERA.

Sp. 1. minor. Pubescens, iestacea, capite nigricante, ore pallida, thorace fusees-
cente, elytris pallidis, an tennis Jiiscis apice albidis. (Long. corp. 3 — 4 lin.)

Fo. minor. Linne. — La. minor. Samouelle, pi. 4.^. 16. — Steph. Catal. i. 299.
No. 3303.

Pubescent ; head dusky, rather pale ; eyes black ; thorax rather fuscescent,
finely punctured ; elytra very pale, and also very finely punctulated ;
abdomen reddish, black in the middle, the terminal segment in the male
with a ridge, and armed with slightly incurved forceps, which are furnished
within with numerous equal denticulations : in the female they are straight
and scarcely denticulated ; legs pale yellowish.
Very abundant in the spring, throughout the metropolitan district,

flying about in gardens and near stables, &c., especially in the

vicinity of dung-heaps. " Berwick-on-Tweed." — C. C. Bahingtofi,

Esq.

Genus IV.— LABIDURA, Leach.

Antennce rather long and slender, with about twenty-five joints, the basal one
stoutish, second minute, third rather longer than the fourth and fifth (which
are scarcely longer than the second) united, the five or six following also
short and stoutish, but gradually increasing in length and decreasing in
breadth ; the remainder are slender and elongate, and not very distinctly
separated, each articulation being about equal in length to the third. Palpi
rather long, terminal joint somewhat rounded at the apex ; head elongate,
triangular, wider than the thorax, the latter truncate, and with acute angles
in front, rounded behind, the disc much depressed ; bodt/ glabrous ; abdomen,
in the males, with the caudal appendage remote at the origin, slightly
curved upwards and approximating at the apex, denticulated behind the
middle within; in the females approximating at the base, denticulated
within from thence nearly to the apex, the tips decussating ; tarsi pubescent
beneath, with the intermediate joint simple.
Exclusively of the form of the forceps, which are remote at their

origin, and of the intermediate joints of the tarsi, the numerous

abbreviated articulations of the antennae remove this genus from

Forficula, as the last character does from Labia.

Sp* !• gigantea. Ochreo-pallida, supra nigro variegata, ano bidentaio,forcipe
porrecta unidentatu. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 3—5 lin.)

Fo. gigantea. Fabricius. — Donovan, v. xiv. pi. 500.— La. gigantea. Steph.
Catal. i. 299. No. 3304.

Pale, with a reddish or ochreous tinge ; eyes black ; thorax with two dusky
black streaks on the disc, placed obliquely, the margins very pale, the disc
with a longitudinal channel; elytra also with an oblique blackish streak ;

^^^'=^^ A.--o^-

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ORTHOPTERA. *9

abdomen with the base of each segment, excepting the terminal one, both

above and below, broadly black, and punctured, the terminal one with two

short dusky teeth, immaculate and impunctate ; forceps slightly rufescent,

the apex and tooth dusky ; legs and antennae very pale.

This splendid species has hitherto been found only in the vicinity

of Christchurch, where it occurred once in plenty, and numerous

examples were secured by the late Rev. W. Bingley, from amongst

which I have a fine series. Its native origin is questioned by

Mr. Kirby, in his valuable Introduction to Entomology, from the

circumstance of other examples not occurring,* but the practical

entomologist need scarcely be reminded that various insects which at

one season occur in swarms are not to be found subsequently for a

long period.

Order III.— ORTHOPTERA, Olivier.

Wings four, unequal, anterior or elytra coriaceous, reticulated with nervures,
more or less incumbent, covering the posterior or true wings, the latter
longitudinally folded and ample, with reticulated nervures ; mouth mandi-
bulated ; legs various. Metamorphosis semi-complete.

The insects of this order, which has been but little attended to in
this country, are frequently of very large size ; they may be known
from the Dermaptera by having the elytra more or less lapping over
at the apex of the suture, and in having their surface reticulated,
the wings themselves are only folded longitudinally ; the tibiae, at
least the posterior, are mostly very spinous ; the males have the
apex of the abdomen frequently armed with two processes, and the
females have frequently a long, exserted, ovipositor : the larva and
pupa resemble the imago, are very active and voracious, frequently
remain above a year before they undergo their final change : their

* In refutation of such an opinion, the sudden appearance of swarms of
Endomychus coccineus at Coombe wood, in the autumn of 1816, as noticed in
vol. iv. p. 399, may be referred to, since which period only one or two
stragglers have been there taken ; as also the apparent disappearance of
Cucujus Spartii in the same locality, for which insect, which occurred in
profusion there two years since, I sought in vain on the 21st ult. ; as well as
the myriads of Thecla W-album at Ripley in 1827 (now apparently again
lost, as I have not seen the insect there since), exclusively of numerous other
examples that will immediately suggest themselves to the practical entomo-
logist.

Mandibulata, Vol. VI,, 31st May, 1835. b

10 MANDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA.

food is various, and like the insects of the preceding order, they will
prey upon their own species : the indigenous species appear divisible
into the following families, thus concisely distinguished : —

Corpus compressiusculum ;

Tarsi 4-articulati ; pectus laminatum : . . « 1. Guyllid^.
3-articulati ;
^wfewnte filiformes, breves ; ate simpliciter plicatfE : 2. LocusTiDiE.
setacese, elongatae; ate subulato-complicatae : 3. Achetidje.
applanatum, ovale ; torn 5-articulati : . . . .4. BlattidjE.

Family I.— GRYLLID.^, Leach.

Tarsi four-jointed; antennw very long, slender and setaceous; head large,
vertical; forehead convex, sometimes acuminated in front; eyes vertical,
more or less prominent; thorax flat above, the sides rather suddenly
deflexed, rounded behind ; body somewhat compressed, shining, glabrous ;
breast mostly with two oval foliated plates; elytra vertical, descending on
each side, and often longer than the abdomen, the latter compressed with
two processes at the apex in the male, and a lengthened compressed ovi-
positor in the female ; legs elongate, approximating at the base ; four
anterior slender ; posterior pair very much elongated, with large femora,
and spinose slender tibiae, which are tetragonal.

The insects of this family are nearly all of great bulk, arising
principally from the length of their members, the antennae and
posterior legs especially, their body being comparatively short : they
are chiefly found in the autumnal months, and frequent hedges by
the sides of woods, or grassy places ; some of them are very local,
and appear to affect chalky regions ; others are found on trees : the
males of some species make a loud stridulous noise by the friction
of the membranous elytra: the females have invariably a long
exserted ovipositor.

The species of this family have hitherto been associated, at least
in this country, under one genus, viz. A grid a, but their habit is so
various as to call for divisions, and Mr. Curtis is even induced to
observe, " it is difficult to find characters that will embrace even the
insects that are now included in this genus:"" I shall, therefore,
follow up the plan that has been lately sketched by Latreille and
Serville, and endeavour to divide the indigenous species into genera,
and which upon a prima facie appearance may be thus cursorily
characterized : —

GRYLLID.E. EPHIPPIGERA. 11

Vertex plus minus acuminatus ; oculi prominuli, exserti : *

£/^<ra brevissima, in foeminis nulla : . . . • I. Efhipfigeha.
elongata :

Aim incompletae : . . . • . 3. Xiphidiok.

perfectafj amplffi.

^/j'^rn (in masculisj ocellatis ; 9 ovipositore vncxaxvo : 4. Mecomema.

(in utroque sexu) inocellatis; <} ovipositore recto : 5. Phasgonura.
obtusus, latus ; oculi vix prominuli, sessiles.

£/'^<m plus minus abbreviata : 2. Micropteryx.

abdomine longiora : 6. Decticus.

Genus I.— EPHIPPIGERA, Latreille.

Body generally large, stout and heavy, slightly rugose, but rarely smooth ;
eyes small, globose, very prominent ; forehead gibbous, with a tubercle
between the antennce, the latter inserted in a cavity between the tubercle
and the eyes, the basal joint very robust, the second also stout, but smaller,
the remaining joints very slender ; thorax rounded above, with the sides
somewhat deflexed, scabrous and unequal ; elytra very short, arched and
ocellated in the males ; very minute, resembling a roughened scale in the
females ; wings none ; abdomen with a deep groove beneath and at the apex
in the males, with an ascending scale-like bimucronated process ; in the
females with a moderate, broad, incurved ovipositor; legs very slender.

The only indigenous species of this singular genus may be known
by the very small size of the incumbent elytra in the males, and the
almost total absence of these organs in the females, in which sex they
are merely represented by a rugose scale ; added to which the crown
is acuminated and the eyes very prominent ; and the apex of the
abdomen in the male is furnished with a bimucronated ascending
scale below, and of the female with a broad short incurved ovipositor.

Sp. 1. virescens. Prasinus, thorace utrinque lined laterali alba. (Long. corp.
$ 5 — 6 lin.; ovip. inc. 9 — 10 lin.)

Ac. virescens. Steph. Catal. p. 300. No. 3309- — Barbitistes autumiialis.
Charp. ? — Lo. autumnalis. Hagenbach, Symb. Faun. Ins. Helv. 25. Jig. 14 ?

Green, nearly glabrous ; thorax with a narrow white line on each side,
extending from the eyes to the hinder margin ; elytra in the male rugose,
depressed in the middle, and with a smallish ocellus towards the apex ; in
the female resembling two small semicircular scales of a bright green, and
slightly shagreened.

In dried species the rich green fades to a dirty-brown, excepting the elytra
and ovipositor of the female, which retain most of their brilliant tint ; the
tibiae become reddish, &c.

b2

12 MANDIBULATA — ORTHOrTERA.

Not common ; found occasionally in August and September at
Darenth and Birch woods, and also near Hertford, and in the New
Forest and in Dorsetshire.

Genus II.— MICROPTERYX* mihi.

Body moderately stout, glabrous; eyes scarcely prominent^ sessile; head
gibbous, front broad, obtuse, rounded ; antennae very slender, moderately
long, inserted in a cavity between the eyes, the basal joint short and robust,
second small ; thorax somewhat flattened above, the sides suddenly and
considerably deflexed, rounded behind, the posterior and lateral margins
elevated; elytra rather short and incumbent, or longish and deflexed,
ocellated in the males, sometimes appearing as a minute scale in the females,
at others nearly as ample as in the males ; wings none, or rudimentary ;
abdomen gibbous beneath, furnished at the apex above with two short acute
processes, in the males beneath with two others, and in the females with an
incurved ovipositor.

The insects of this genus may be recognized from the foregoing by
having the elytra nearly as long as the abdomen, combined with a
broad obtuse front, with the eyes scarcely prominent, and sessile :
they frequent grassy places, and, from the brevity of their wings,
they are found on the ground. Anisoptera, having been previously
published, I have employed a new appellation here.

A. Elytra abbreviated and incumbent in the males; wanting in the females.

Sp. 1. aptera. Grisea, capite thoraceque Icevibus, linea idrinque lateral ifemori-
busque posticis extus vittd longitudinali nigris, elytris maris brevissimis,
fceminoe nullis. (Long. corp. $ 7 — 8; 9 ovip. incl. 10—12 lin.)

Lo. aptera. Fabricius. — Ac. aptera. Steph. Catal. 300. No. 3305.

Griseous, or fuscous-brown; head large, smooth, broad, and rounded in
front ; antennsB longer than the body, testaceous, with the basal joint
brown ; thorax smooth, subconvex above, with a broad black streak on
each side extending from the eyes to the hinder margin; elytra of the male
very short, incumbent, the left one with a thickly veined opaque space, and
the right one with a round pellucid space ; female with two rounded flat
scales in lieu of elytra, and both sexes destitute of wings; abdomen
yellowish beneath ; ovipositor in the female short, falcate, fuscous ; posterior
femora with a black streak at the base without.
Not common : I have taken it in a wood at Hertford, and also

near Darenth in September. I have also obtained it from the New

Forest.

* juiKjOof parvus, Trrfpoi/ ala.

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^^y^ s^z^A-^ U /'^^.eA^j fl^irJa^t^^^'^ '^^^/ ^'^-/V^''^t__

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GRYLLID^E. MICROPTERYX. — XIPHIDION. 13

B. Elytra rather elongated in both sexes and deflexed.

Sp. 2. RoeselH. Viridis vel testacea, thoracis lined dorsali postice elevaid,
margine omni thoracis partis deflexo albo seujlavido, ahdomine vittis duabus
sublateralibus atris, femoribus posticis externe vittd nigra. (Long. corp.
^ 6—7 lin. ; $ ovip. incl, 10—11 lin.)

Lo. Roeselii. Hagenhach, Symb. Faun. Ins. Helv. 39. /. 24. — Ac. Kirbii.
Sieph. Catal. 300. No. 3707.

Green or testaceous ; thorax with an elevated dorsal line behind, the anterior
margin of the deflexed portion white or yellowish, sometimes bright green;
elytra horn-coloured, with a yellowish streak on the shoulders ; abdomen
with two black streaks towards the sides, and posterior femora with one on
the outside at the base ; ovipositor short and much curved.

This species appears to be very rare in this country. I have
hitherto seen, so far as I remember, two examples only, which are in
my own collection, and were found in the vicinity of the metropolis
in the autumn, I believe at Hampstead.

Sp. 3. brachyptera. Viridis vel grisea, thoracis lined postice elevatd margine
lateris dejlexi postico albo, elytris margine antico et postico viridibus, interdum
totis griseis, femoribus posticis interne et externe vittd nigra. (Long. corp.
$ 5—6; ? ovip. incl. 9 — 11 lin.)

Gry. brachypterus. Linne. — Ac. brachyptera. Steph. Catal. 300. No. 3306.
Ac. Kirbii. Dale MS.

Green or griseous ; thorax with an elevated dorsal line behind, the hinder
edge of its deflexed portion alone white; elytra with the anterior and
posterior margins bright green, or entirely griseous in the females ; posterior
femora with a black streak at the base, both in the outer and inner surfaces,
the inner one shortest ; ovipositor of the female rather long and straightish.

Not uncommon in the New Forest, and occasionally in the vicinity
of the metropolis : I have taken it at Coombe and Darenth woods,
and also near Ripley, in July and August.

Ge?jus III.— XIPHIDION, Latreille.

Body rather slender, glossy; eyes prominent, exserted; head conspicuously
acuminated in front ; antennae about thrice the length of the body, very
slender, with the basal joint very robust, produced within, the second rather
smaller, the other joints considerably attenuated ; thorax rounded above,
with the sides gradually deflexed ; elytra more or less elongate, nearly or
quite as long as the abdomen, ocellated in the males; wings small, or rudi-
mentary; abdomen somewhat cylindric, with four very short styles at the
apex in the males, and two in the females, the latter sex with a short
slightly curved, or lougish and nearly straight ovipositor.

14 MANDIBULATA. — ORTHOPTERA.

The elytra are rather longer in this genus than in the insects of
the foregoing, in addition to which the forehead is acute, and the
eyes prominent and exserted; the wings are very short, but the
antennae are remarkably long and slender.

fSp. 1. fusca. Viridis, vertice, thoracis dorso, elytrisque fuscis, his longitudine
abdominis, margine exteriore pallido ; fceminae ovipositore recto. (Long. corp.
5— 6lin.?)

Lo. fusca. Fabricius. — Ac. fusca. Curtis, fol. 82 (!) — Ac. fusca. Steph.

Catal. 300. No. 3308.
Green, with the crown, the back of the thorax and the elytra fuscous, the

latter as long as the abdomen, and with the outer margin pale ; ovipositor

of the female straight.

I am not positive whether this species is truly indigenous;
Mr. Curtis marks it as being in his collection, but as I know he
possesses the following species, which he does not indicate, he may
be in error.

Sp. 2. dorsalis. Viridis aut testacea, strigd lata brunnea in dorso verticis
thoracisque, elytris corpore dimidio brevibus, antennis longissimis ; Jxeminos
ovipositore subrecto, testaceo. (Long. corp. 5 — 75 lin.)

Lo. dorsalis. Latr. Hist. Nat. Crust. S^c. xi. 133. — Cbarp. Horce Ent. 112.
pi. 2. f. 4. — Ac. dorsalis. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 109.

Green or testaceous, with a broad brown streak on the back of the crown and
of the thorax ; elytra half as long as the abdomen, the latter green, with
paler rings, or testaceous-yellow ; ovipositor in the female T*thfiJLJSbQ.rtjr"^
almost straight, being but slightly curved ; antennae very long and slender.

This insect is not unfrequently met with in the New Forest, and
in the neighbourhood of London : it occurs towards the end of July
or beginning of August. " Cambridge."" — C. C. Babington, Esq.

Genus IV.— MECONEMA, ServiUe.

Body rather slender and attenuated; head acuminated in front between the
antennce ; these organs very long and slender, with the basal joint thick, the
second also thickened, but considerably smaller than the first ; maxillary
palpi with the terminal joint rather short, and considerably thickened at the
apex, which is truncate ; eyes very prominent ; thorax rounded above, and
gradually deflexed on each side ; elytra ample in both sexes, not ocellated
in the males ; wings also ample, as long as the elytra, which extend to the
apex of the abdomen, this last in the males somewhat truncate, and fur-
nished with two long incurved processes, in the females with a curved

/ '^^A.

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GRYLLID.'E. — MECONEM A . PHASGONURA. 15

ovipositor ; four anterior legs rather long and slender ; posterior corapara-
tively short.

In this genus the elytra are as long as the abdomen, and in the
males are not ocellated, by which character, added to the elongated
incurved processes at the apex of the abdomen, and its acuminated
forehead, that sex may be recognized, and the female by this last
character, combined with the ample wings : one indigenous species
only occurs, which frequents trees, and appears in the autumn.

Sp. 1. varia. Flavescens, thorace viridijlavo-lineato, maculisque duabus nigri-
cantibus, elytris viridibus. (Long. corp. $ 7 — 8lin.; 9 ovip. incl. 10 — 12
lin.)

Lo. varia. Fabricius. — Gr. varius. Donovan, v. iii. pi. 79. f. 1. — Ac. varia.
Steph. Catal. 301. No. 331i.

Yellowish, with a greenish tinge ; eyes brownish ; thorax smoothj green, with
a yellow dorsal line, and two dusky, or black, spots towards the base, one
on each side; elytra green, with a testaceous streak at the base of the
suture; legs yellow; tarsi brown.

Common in the autumn in oaks and lime-trees throughout the
metropolitan district, especially about Hertford, and at Coombe
wood and Ripley.

Genus V.— PHASGONURA, Westwood MS.

Body elongate, stoutish, smooth ; front acuminated between the antennae,
the latter longer than the body. With the basal joint very robust and
produced within, the second also robust, but much smaller ; the remainder
extremely minute, and gradually diminishing in breadth to the apex ; eyes
large, prominent ; thorax depressed above and flattened behind, where it
bears an abbreviated ridge, the sides rather suddenly deflexed, the hinder
margin rounded and produced ; elytra considerably longer than the
abdomen, very much deflexed, immaculate, flat at the base of the suture,
where in the male is an ocellar process, transparent on the right elytron ;
wings ample, narrowish, as long as the elytra ; breast beneath with two
spinous processes, and four elongate lobes ; abdomen of the males with four
styles at the apex, and of the female with two and an elongate straight
acute ovipositor ; legs moderate ; hinder femora with a groove beneath .
tibiae spinous, posterior with two distinct rows of minute spines.

The only indigenous species of this genus may be known by having
the vertex acuminated, and at the same time the eyes prominent, the
elytra in the male much longer than the body, and ocellated at the
base, the abdomen furnished at its apex with four short styles, and

16 MANDIBULATA. — ORTHOPTERA.

in the female with a long, straight, compressed ovipositor; both
sexes have two elongate, sharp, spiniform processes on the breast, at
the base of the anterior legs, and four other long and obtuse lobes
behind.

Sp. 1. viridissima. Viridis, antennis capitis vert ice, thorace fascia longitudinali
elytrorumque suturd fusco-ferrugineis, elytris corpore viulto longioribus.
(Long. corp. $ 1 unc. 9 — 11 lin.; 9 ovip. inc. 1 unc. 10 lin.— 2 unc. 1 lin.)

Gry. viridissimus. Linni. — Donovan, v. w. pi. 130. — Ac. viridissima. Steph.
Catal. 301. No. 3313.

Bright grass-green; head shining, yellowish beneath the eyes, the vertex
rusty-brown, which colour extends in a rather broad fascia along the back
of the thorax, which has an abbreviated ridge behind, and some transverse
wrinkles j suture of the elytra, and sometimes the strong longitudinal
nervure, rusty-brown or testaceous; the elytra themselves, as also the
wings, much longer than the body, and extending in the female to the apex of
the ovipositor; abdomen brownish-green, or dusky, sometimes with yellowish
wrinkles ; ovipositor greenish, with the apex brownish ; antennae with the
basal joints green, the rest testaceous ; eyes brown; legs generally green.

In some examples the legs are yellowish-brown, with the hinder femora green.

A very common species in most parts of the country, especially in
grassy places by the side of woods, and in meadows, towards the end
of August and beginning of September. I have frequently taken it
in Battersea fields and near Hertford : it also occurs in the New
Forest and in Devonshire.

Genus VI.— DECTICUS, Sermlle.

Body stout and short ; forehead broad, very obtuse in front, glabrous ; eyes
sessile, not prominent ; antennce inserted in a cavity on each side, rather
shorter than the body, the two basal joints rather stout, the basal one the
most robust ; thorax flat above, with a longitudinal central ridge and one on
each side, the sides suddenly deflexed, the hinder margin produced and
rounded ; elytra not much longer than the body, rather suddenly deflexed
and maculated; the base at the suture flat, and in the males furnished with
an ocellar spot, transparent on the right elytron; wings short, rounded, tri-
plicate ; abdomen rather short and stout ; in the male with four styles at the
apex, in the female with two, and a longish more or less incurved ovipositor;
legs nearly as in Ph asgonura.

The insects of this genus are shorter, but comparatively more
bulky than those of the foregoing, from which they differ in having
the head obtuse in front, the eyes sessile, the thorax flat above, and

6c^ c^c^ ^ ^ ^MA^j/^t/^/i-^^^^i^ /^z^ ^ <_ y <^-e.<^ /^

yyce^?^-^,^^ ^Q^v-u^e^df-r^jL.*^ iQu^. J '^^^t^ d^^eJjL^ f^t^/^

^^^-L^«^ $-e)y^,^C_^^,~^ ^l^u^ I^Cu-c^^j^^ (m/^ /a^ f^U^/^

GRYLLID.E. DECTICUS. 17

having three longitudinal ridges ; the antennas are also shorter ; the
elytra are spotted, and in the males are not very much longer than
the abdomen, furnished with an ocellus at the base ; the abdomen
has in that sex four small styles at the apex, and in the females a
longish, more or less recurved ovipositor.

Sp. 1. verrucivorus. Viridis, elytris abdomine lovgiorihus fusco parce maculatis
vittaque humeralijlavd. (Long. corp. 6 1 unc. 5 — 7 lin. ; 9 ovip. incl. 1 unc.
7—10 lin.)

Gr. verrucivorus. LinnL — Ac. verrucivora. Steph. Catal. 300. No. 3312.

Bright deep apple green ; head with a transverse yellow streak in front ;
antennae testaceous^ black without ; thorax entirely green, with three
dorsal ridges; elytra not quite twice the length of the abdomen, with a
yellow longitudinal streak at the shoulders, vanishing on the disc, the
latter with a row of distinct brownish spots and a few smaller dots, the
left elytron, in the male, with a rusty ocellar spot, and the right with a large
very transparent one; abdomen with a small black dot on the sides of each
segment, or in some examples entirely dusky; legs with a brownish spot
at the base of the hinder femora ; tibiae somewhat testaceous.

A very local species : it once occurred in great plenty in a field
near Rochester in September, where it was observed by Professor
Henslow, to whom I am indebted for fine examples.

tSp. 2. Bingleii. Fuscus, viridi tinctus, elytris abdornine longioribits fusco
valde maculatis. (Long. corp. S 1 unc. 6 — 8 lin.; 9 ovip. incl. 2 unc. 1 lin.)

Ac. Bingleii. Dale MS.— Curtis, v. W. pi. 82.— Ac. Bingleii. Steph. Catal. 300.
No. 3311.

"MaZe brown, tinged with green ; head rounded, pale and dull green; thorax
of the same colour, slightly carinated, dilated behind ; abdomen piceous,
edges of the segments pale ; elytra pale fuscous, tinged with green, spotted
with brown, the central spots the largest, interior margins green towards
the base; wings transparent greenish at their base ; legs griseous-yeilow ;
posterior thighs green at their base, variegated with brown. Female dull
and pale ochreous, variegated with brown; abdomen pale down the back;
piceous on the sides with irregular pale margins to the segments ; ovipositor
slightly recurved, brown, with a rosy tinge." — Curtis, I. c.

Whether this be truly distinct from the preceding I am not prepared to say ;
it appears to be so; but, from Charpentier's account, De. verrucivora
appears to be a variable insect: — the above description is extracted from
Curtis.

The only examples known of this insect have been taken near
Christchurch in the autumn by the late Rev. W. Bingley and
Mr. Dale.

Mandibulata, Vol. VI., 31st May, 1835. c

18 MANDIBULATA. — ORTHOPTJIRA.

Sp. 3. griseus. Obscurus, thorace tricarinato, carinA media antici abbreviatd,
elytris abdomine longioribus, griseo subpellucidis, lineis fuscis albo strigatis'
(Long-. Corp. d 11 — 14 lin.; ? ovip. inch 14 — 16 lin.)

Lo. grisea. Fabricius. — Sowerby B. M. i. pi. 64. — Ac. gtisea. Steph. Catal.
300. No. 3310.

Obscure fuscous; head glossy, smooth, somewhat testaceous: eyes linear;
thorax above flat, with three ridges, the central one abbreviated in front,
and terminating in a furcate groove with a black base, the deflexed lateral
lobe is spotted with black, and distinctly edged with pale ; elytra longer
than the abdomen, of a pellucid griseous tint, each with three longitudinal
fuscescent streaks, faintly interrupted with transverse white ones ; the
left elytron in the male with an opaque space, the right with a corresponding
very pellucid one ; legs greenish-brown; posterior femora with a blackish
longitudinal streak in the middle; tibiae testaceous.

A very local species, and apparently confined to chalky maritime
districts; found, not uncommonly, beneath the cliffs at Dover,
towards the end of July, and also in the Isle of Wight, and I believe
near Southampton. " Dawlish, Devon, August ] 829." — C. C. Ba-
bington, Esq.

Family II.— LOCUSTID.E, Leach.

Tarsi three-jointed ; antenna short, filiform, sometimes thickened, or capitate,
at the apex ; head perpendicular, forehead descending, generally with a
ridge extending backwards; eyes ovate, not prominent; thorax oblong-
subquadrate, sometimes a little narrowed anteriorly, at others produced
behind and concealing the wings, its sides equally deflexed ; wings simply
folded, not subulated at the apex ; elytra vertical, sometimes minute, but
mostly as long aa the abdomen, this last more or less subcylindric, with
occasionally a ridge down the back, the apex with four styles ; legs im-
equal ; anterior short and generally slender ; posterior elongated, with their
femora ample, and formed for leaping.

The Locustidae, at least the major portion of the indigenous
species, are smaller than the Gryllidas, and from them they differ in
having the antennas shorter, usually filiform, but occasionally elavate
or hooked at the extremity ; the elytra are generally longer than the
body, though in the less typical genera they become abbreviated or
distorted, and the thorax is frequently much produced behind : the
majority of the species frequent meadows, &c. : the females have not
an exserted ovipositor.

The indigenous genera may be thus briefly known : —

^i

l/t'i'-^

^-o^<^

^^

/^

y

LOCUSTID.E. LOCUSTA. 1®

Antenna clavntx : . . . . . .9. Gompiioceros.

filiformes, baud clavatas.

Thorax postice rotundatus vix productus.

£^/^im plerumque longitudine abdominis . T. Locusta.
valde abbreviatis : . . 8. Podisma.

postice longe productus : » . .10. Acrydium.

Genus Vll— LOCUSTA,* Leach.

Antennas with about twenty-four jointSj short, filiform, inserted each in a
cavity between the eyes ; head large, mouth conspicuous ; eyes ovate, not
prominent; ocelli three, placed triangularly; face tumid, slightly cari-
nated; thorax with a central raised line, and mostly with a more or less
distinct one on each side, sometimes straight, at others angulated or curved ;
the lateral portion deflexed, the hinder margin rounded ; elytra and wings
generally as long as the abdomen, the latter solid, subcylindric, with its back
occasionally carinated ; the apex in the male recurved, in the female with
four horny moveable styles ; legs slightly pilose, the four anterior placed
nearly tetragonally, and short; tibiae all with two rows of spines; posterior
legs much longer than the body, robust and formed for leaping; tarsi with
a small fleshy cushion between the claws.

The insects of this genus, famiUarly known by the name Grass-
hoppers, are well distinguished from Podisma by having the elytra
and wings nearly as long as, or longer than, the abdomen ; from Gom-
phocerus their slender and simple antennae remove them ; and the form

* This is one of those genera — like A.mara, &c. — alluded to in the Postscript
to vol. v. p. 439, which I would, if consistent with the plan of my work, have
passed over temporarily, but being compelled to proceed in a given track, I
must endeavour to discriminate and describe the species ; and I believe that I
am correct in asserting that amongst the very numerous collections of indi-
genous insects that it has fallen to my lot to examine, not one has the species
of this genus nained, or even divided from each other ; and, as my own
specimens alone have been my guide, it is possible that some species may be
omitted, or that, from the peculiarities amongst some of them in a dried state,
I may have decided improperly in some instances. In reference to one remark
in the Postscript above referred to, I have to observe, that my object was not
to disparage the accuracy of the Monographia Apum Anglise — far from it —
my intention there being merely to show that without the authentic typical
specimens being at hand, it is not always possible to determine whether other
specimens in a diflferent state of perfection are identical therewith, and which
is the sense in which Mr. Shuckard intends his remarks, as quoted by me : —
and, as regards the insects described in this work from my own collection, I
invite a comparison with my specimens, which are open to inspection every

Wednesday evening.

C2

20 MAXDIBULATA. OUTHOrTEKA.

of the thorax, as well as the magnitude of the elytra, the greater
disproportion in the size of the hinder femora, as also their more
remote antennae, sessile eyes, &c. divide them from Acrydium. The
indigenous species appear to be either very numerous or subject to
great variations ; they are very difficult to understand, but the fol-
lowing seem distinct, and to facilitate their examination I have sub-
divided the genus into sections, as proposed by Zettersted.

A. Thorax with a single elevated line.

Gp. 1. migratoria. Thorace unticc subabrupte compresso-angustiori, elytrisjlavo

fuscoque nebulosis, mandihuUs caeruleis. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 6 — 10 lin.)
Gryllus migratorius. Linnc. — Donovan, v. viii. pi. 270. — Lo. migratoria.

Sieph. Catal. 301, No. 3315.
Head glossy, greenish-yellow, punctured, with four raised lines in front
between the eyes ; the two intermediate ones dusky ; mandibles pale blue,
with blackish tips ; thorax rather abruptly compressed, and narrowed
anteriorly, the lateral lobes deflexed, subquadrate, with the angles rounded,
the hinder margin produced somewhat angularly in the middle; the back
with a sharp ridge, the whole of a livid greenish hue, with a brownish
longitudinal line on each side ; elytra clouded with pale yellowish and
fuscous ; legs pale ; posterior femora green or bluish beneath, with some
obscure brownish clouds without, and a spot within and a belt over the apex
bluish ; tibiae reddish, or pale.

Although this insect, " the Migratory Locust,"" has been taken
in several parts of the country, as the vicinity of Nottingham,
Packington in Warwickshire, St. James's Park, the neighbourhood
of Yarmouth, the coasts of Essex, Kent, and Suffolk, &c., it can
scarcely be called indigenous, excepting inasmuch as the individuals
arrive in a state of nature in this country, and are not imported ;
but I believe they do not breed here.

Sp. 2. stridula. Nigricans, clytri.i nebulosis, alis in utroque sexu rubris,
apice nigris. (Long. corp. 10 — 12 lin.)

Gr. stridulus. Linnc. — Stewart {\) — Steph. Catal. 301. No. 3318 note.

Dusky, obscure, head deeply punctured, with the sides rugged ; thorax
unequal and rugose, with a central ridge and a rather distinct fovea on<£ach
side in the middle of the base ; elytra either black, clouded with brown, or
brown spotted with black, or dusted with brownish ; wings red, with the
apex broadly black ; legs obscure ; posterior tibiae with a pale or whitish
belt at the base.

Stewart gives this as British, but as I have never seen an indigenous specimen,
I suspect he is mistaken.

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LOCUSTID.f:. LOCUSTA, 21

Sp. 5. flavipes. Fusco-brunneus, thorace linea Jaterali utrinque margineque.
antico elytroruvi viridi-Jlavis,femoribus posticis subius sanguineis, tihiisjlavis.
(Long. corp. 1 unc. 4 — 10 lin.)

Gry. flavipes. Omelin. — Donovan, v.xi. pi. SQL — Lo. flavipes. Steph. Caial.
30 J. No. 3316.

Fuscous brown; head with three indistinct longitudinal yellowish streaks
above ; thorax tricarinated, the lateral carina slightly curved, edged with
greenish-yellow within, and dusky without ; elytra fuscous, with a darker
streak at the shoulder, and a bright greenish-yellow one on the costa
extending to about its middle ; wings yellowish at the base, and fuscous at
the apex ; posterior femora greenish-brown, with their under surface bright
blood-red, the base within with a black streak, a cloud of the same on both
sides towards the apex, and a ring near the knees; tibiae bright yellow, with
a black ring at the base and apex, and a fainter one towards the base;
spines bluish-black.

Variable in colour, some examples being of a brilliant fleshy or purple hue
when alive, and in some the latter colour is retained when dried.

Although not an uncommon insect in this country, it would appear,
from the silence of Charpentier, Zettersted, and other continental

JSp. 3. cserulescens. Grisea, eJytris fasciis duabus et apicem versus maculis
obscurioribus, alis viridi-carulescentibus, fascia apici hyalino propriore,
arcuata, nigra, in utroque sexu distincta. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 3 — 4 lin.)

Gr. caerulescens. Linn'c. — Stewart (!) — Lo. caerulescens. Steph. Catal. 301.
iVo. 3317, note.

Griseous ; elytra with two transverse fasciae, one occupying the base, and
some spots towards the apex obscure ; wnngs greenish-blue at the base, the
apex clear, and towards the middle a curved black fascia, in both sexes.

This insect is also introduced by Stewart as indigenous, but evidently without
authority.

B. Thorax with three elevated lines.

a. With the two outer thoracic lines nearly straight.

JSp. 4. grossa. Thorace subtricarinato, carinis lateralihus obsoletis ; virescens,
elytris margine exteriore antice, in utroque sexu, Jlavo, femoribus posticis
subius sanguineis geniculis nigris. (Long. corp. 10—12 lin.)

Gry. grossus. Linne. — Berkenhout (!) — Lo. grossa. Steph. Catal. 301, No. 3319,
note.

Thorax obscurely tricarinated, the lateral ridges obscure ; greenish ; elytra
with the costa, or outer margin, anteriorly yellow in both sexes ; hinder
femora beneath blood-red, the knees black or dusky.

Berkenhout gives this as British, but I presume improperly, as I have never
seen an indigenous example.

22 MANDIBULATA. ORTHOl'TERA.

entomologists respecting it, that it was peculiar to Britain : it occurs
in marshy districts towards the middle of July, and is found in those
about Camberwell, Deptford, &c. near London, and in the vicinity
of Whittlesea Mere. " In the fens of Cambridgeshire." —
C. C. Babington^ Esq.

Sp. 6. elegans. Capite valde declivi, thorace carinis tribus rectis ; mas thoracis
dorso rufescente, ehjtris non coloratis margine dntico dilatato, corpore paullo
longioribus ; fcem'ma lined atra thoracii; elytris ohlongis non dilatatis corpore
brevioribus, vitta alba ad marginem anticum. (Long. corp. 8 — 10 lin.)

Gry. elegans. Charpentier HorcB Ent. 153. — Lo. rubroviridatus. Steph. Catal.
302. No. 3325.

Head very much deflexed; thorax with three straight elevated lines, the
central one lightest and acute ; colour rosy-red, with the sides greenish^, or
testaceous, sometimes with a black streak accompanying the carinse ; in the
male the elytra are horn-colour, and dilated in front ; in the female they
are oblong, green or testaceous, with a long white streak towards the
margin at the base, accompanied by a broad dark one ; legs testaceous,
with the hinder femora slightly greenish, and obscurely tipped with dusky.

Variable in colour, and in some examples the elytra are very faintly spotted
with a dusky thit.
This appears to be a rare species ; I found it in the marshes near

Whittlesea in July 1833.

Sp. 7. dorsata. Thorace carinis later alibus subrectis J supra viridis, suhtus
lateribusque fuscis, pedibus pallidis, geniculis concoloribus. (Long. corp.
8—10 lin.)

Gry. dorsatus. Zettersted Orth. Suec. 82. — Lo. dorsata. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit.
Appendix. — Lo. ochropa. Steph. Catal. 301. N'o. 3322.

Thorax with its lateral ridges nearly straight; head above greenish- testa-
ceous, forehead considerably deflexed ; thorax rather narrowed anteriorly,
smooth, fuscous, green, between the carina, and on each of the lateral lobes
(during life) is a splendid golden, or greenish-gold spot ; elytra in the male
rather longer than the abdomen, in the female of the same length as it, the
inner or dorsal portion green, varying in tint in different individuals, the
outer or costal edge dusky or brown ; legs dull testaceous, the hinder ones
with the knees concolorous, and the tibiae paler.

Rather variable, some examples having a pale line edged with dusky at the
base of the elytra; in others the elytra are pale; the thorax has sometimes
a black line on each side, or the prominent colour is rosy : several of these
varieties arise from the different states of maturity.

This insect occurs, but not abundantly, in meadows in the vicinity
of the metropolis in July.

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LOCUSTID.E. LOCUSTA. 23

Sp. 8. parallela. Thorace carinis lateralibus subrectix ; supra lateribusque
viridis, subtus Jlavicans, geniculis pedum, posticorum nigris, elytris paUidis,
unicoloratis. (Long. corp. 8 — 10 lin.)

Gry. parallelus. Zettersted Orth. Suec. p. 85. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 110.

Thorax with the lateral ridges nearly straight ; head and thorax green, the
latter entirely of that tint; elytra in the male rather shorter than the
abdomen, dilated and bisinuated on the costa ; in the female about half the
length; in both sexes entirely green and immaculate ; abdomen greenish-
brown^ with the sides occasionally spotted with black, and the lower
surface pale; legs testaceous, with the hinder femora above greenish^
beneath yellow, with black knees.

Also found, but not commonly, within the metropolitan district.

Sp. 9. montana. Thorace cari7iis lateralibus antice nonnihil curvatis j viridis
subtus Jiavida, geniculis posticis nigris ; elytris in mare abdominis longitudine,
in fosmina tertia parte thorace capiteque longioribus. (Long. corp. 8 — 10 lin.)

Gry. montanus. Charpentier Horw Ent. p. 173. — Lo. montana. Steph.
Nomen. 2d edit. col. 110.

Thorax with the posterior ridges very slightly curved; head rather wide, and,
with the thorax, green ; elytra in the male as long as the abdomen, in the
female abbreviated; in both greenish ; in the former sex they are rather
broad, and in both the wings are nearly as long as the elytra ; beneath the
body is yellowish ; legs pale testaceous, with the knees of the hinder pair
black.

Also slightly variable, some examples having a black streak on each side of
the thorax, and others wanting it ; and in some females there is a faint
yellowish line at the base of the elytra.

Found near Dover, but apparently not common.

Sp. 10. tricarinata. Thorace carinis iribus atris valde elevatis rectis ; rosea,
elytris fuscescentibus apice vigricantibus, viargine antico strigd pallida liturdque
nigricante adiiat i. (Long. corp. 10 lin.)

Lo. tricarinata. Steph. Catal. 302. iVo. 3335.

flead broad, acute; rosy, or flesh-colour, rest of the body the same, with the
base and sides of the abdomen dusky; thorax with three strongly elevated
straight black ridges, its anterior margin also black ; elytra rather shorter
than the abdomen, pale fuscous, with the apex dusky ; at the base, near
the costa, is a long slender whitish streak, adjoining to which on the disc is
a broader blackish one ; legs entirely flesh-colour, immaculate.

This very distinct insect is apparently very rare : I have one
specimen which I caught near London, but I forget its exact
locality.

SMr MAXDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA.

b. With the lateral carinae on the thorax more or less curved or angulated.
1. Legs glabrous, or naked.

Sp. 11. viridula. Thoracis carlnis laieralibus antice curvatis ; supra virtdis,
subtus Jlavicans, elytris fuscis in rn,edio obscuro-maculatis, margine postico
paUido aut viridi, in maribus ad apicem late nigricantibus. (Long. corp.
8— I3lin.)

Gr. viridulus. Linne. — Sowerby Brit. Misc. i. pi. 63. — Lo. viridula. Steph.
Catal. 301. No. 3320.

Thorax with its lateral ridges curved anteriorly, and converging towards the
head, the latter large, with the face slightly deflexed and protuberant, and
of a dullish-green ; thorax the same, brighter on the back, the ridges
generally pale, and frequently accompanied by a bright deep black streak
within ; elytra rather longer than the abdomen, of a horn-colour, and nearly
pellucid, in the middle are some dusky clouds, and a small white spot
towards the apex, the latter fuscous or dusky, and the inner margin pale or
greenish ; abdomen fuscous, reddish at the apex ; posterior femora greenish-
red, with a black streak within at the base, and dark knees; tibise reddish.
Female rather larger, with shorter anteimae, of a brighter green, with the
thorax more spotted with black; the elytra narrow, with the posterior
margin of a bright green, the apex pellucid.

Both sexes vary a little in colour and slightly in their markings.

One of the most common species of this order, frequenting meadows,
fields, grassy places, and hills, 8ec. in June and July, throughout the
metropolitan district, and near Dover, the New Forest, &c.

Sp. 12. rubicunda. Thoracis carinis laieralibus curvatis, antice valde appro-
pincjuantibus, capite thorace et margine postico elyirorum viridibus, elytris
postice lunula obliqud albidd, abdominis apice pedibusque rufescentibus. (Long,
corp. 9 — 11 lin.)

Gr. rubicundus. Schcejer.—Lo. rubicunda. Steph. Catal. 302. N'o. 3332.

Thorax with its lateral carinse much curved, and very closely approximating
anteriorly; head, thorax, and hinder part of the elytra green; the latter
with a whitish lunule towards the apex on the disc ; abdomen at the apex
above and the legs reddish.

Found in the vicinity of the metropolis ; also at Dover, in July.

Sp. 13. aprica. Thoracis carinis laieralibus subcurvaiis ; viridi-rosea, elytris
maris fuscescentibus immaculatis, ad apicem saiuratioribus,fcemincB dilutioribus
striga pallida ad basin costce, antennis in utroque sexu brevibus, (Long. corp.
7—9 lin.)

Lo. aprica. Steph. Catal. 3^)i. No. 3321.

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e^i^-t^r^^/^^ ^^-/^^ /?^''^^ylJ y^^.^^c'^^H^ /. J5/

LOCUSTID.E. LOCUSTA. 25

Thorax with its lateral carinse slightly curved in front, and accompanied by a
black line, which sometimes extends to the base, at others is obliterated
towards that part; prevailing colour rosy-green, elytra of the male
brownish, with the apex darker, the disc immaculate ; female much paler,
with a slender straight line towards the base of the costa; legs pale greenish-
red, with concolorous knees ; antennae in both sexes short, somewhat com-
pressed in the males.
Not common : found in July within the metropolitan district.

Sp. 1 4. rufipes. Thoracis carinis lateralibus curvatis ;fusca, thoracis vitta media
longitudinali testacea, elytris posiice rufescentibus, macula alba et plurimis
fuscis, ventre anoque sanguineis, pedibus posticis testaceis, geniculis atris.
(Long. corp. 9 — 11 lin.)

Gry. rufipes. Zetterstedt Orth. Suec. 90.— Lo. rosea. Steph. Catal. 302.
A'o. 3328.

Thorax with its lateral ridges curved, but less so than in the preceding
species ; fuscous ; thorax with a longitudinal testaceous streak on the
back, and a black line on each side; elytra narrow, fuscous, with the
apex somewhat pellucid, the disc with numerous fuscous dots placed in a
line, and a distinct white spot placed obliquely ; abdomen with the sides
and some dorsal spots black, the lower part and apex fine red ; posterior
legs testaceous, with black knees. Female larger, and of a fulvescent or
rosy tint.

Found not commonly in the vicinity of the metropolis in June and
July, frequenting fields and meadows.

Sp. 15. vittata. Thoracis carinis lateralibus angulato-curvatis, corporis late7'ibus
pedibusque ferrugiveo-luteis, fusco subirroratis, elytris et xuperiore co7poris
parte atris. (Long. corp. 10 — 12 lin.)

Gry. bicolor. Charpentier Horce Ent. p. 161. — Lo. vittata. Steph. Catal. 302.
JVo. 3327.

Thorax somewhat tetragonal, luteous, black above, with a slight dorsal
ridge, and on each side a faintly angulated curved one, head luteous, with
the crown black; antennae fuscous, with the base yellowish ; elytra oblong,
narrow, very slightly dilated anteriorly in the male, of a dusky or smoky
tint, with a more transparent space towards the apex of the disc, on which
are occasionally some obscure fuscous clouds ; legs luteous, spotted with
fuscous ; posterior femora with a dusky streak on the outer disc, the inner
variegated with fuscous, the lower yellowish ; posterior tibiae reddish or
greenish.
Inhabits fields and hedges in June within the metropolitan district.

2. Legs pilose.
Sp. 16. miniata. Thorace carinato, abdomine miniaceo, punctis dorsalibus
Mandibulata, Vol. VI., May 31st, 1835. d

20 MANDIBULATA. ORTHOFTEllA.

geminatis nigris, subtus basi virescentc, elytris J'uliginosis, ohscuro-maculatis,
maculaque subobliqua alba, alls J'uliginosis striga parva ad costam. (Long.
Corp. 1 unc. 4 lin.)

Gryl. miniatus. Charpentier Horoe Ent. p. 162.— Geo. miniata. Steph. Nomen.
2d edit. Appendix.

Head reddish^ mouth pale, antennae extending to the back of the thorax, red^,
with the apex fuscous ; thorax red-brown, with three ridges, the two outer
ones acutely angled towards the head, and accompanied by a black streak
and two transverse sulci ; abdomen fine red, with a row of six pair of black
dots down the back, the base greenish beneath ; legs reddish ; posterior
femora and tibiae brighter, with the apex of the last fuscous ; elytra dull
smoky-brown, with some obscure darker spots, and a whitish somewhat
obliquely placed dot towards the apex ; in the female they are slightly
greenish within and are shorter; wings rounded, broad and smoky, with an
oblong black streak at the base of the costa.

I obtained this insect from the Marshamian collectionj and know
not its locality.

Sp. 17. lineata. Viridis aut fusca, lined thoracis utrinque curvata valde elevatd
rosea, latiorem rectam nigram secant e, elytris maris fuscis,fceminis margine
OTitico striga albidd signato, in utroque sexu versus apicem lineola obliqud albida^
pedibus rufis. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 2 — 4 lin.)

Gr. lineatus. Panzer. — Lo. lineata. Steph. Catal. 302. No. 3323.

Pe ad large, glabrous, fine green or fuscous ; vertex somewhat conical, with
a curved rosy line extending from the eyes to the base of the thorax, accom-
panied by a considerably raised ridge, and a broadish deep black streak ; on
the thorax are also two transverse impressions, and the sides are variegated
with testaceous and brown; abdomen reddish above, greenish beneath;
elytra fuscescent in the males, with the anterior margin dilated ; greenish
in the female, with a white streak at the base of the costa, and in both sexes
a somewhat crescent-shaped whitish spot towards the apex; posterior
femora reddish, with an obscure streak on both sides at the base ; knees
black; tibiae red, with black-tipped spines.

Not common : found in fields and meadows , in the vicinity of
London.

Sp. 18. biguttula. Thoracis carinis lateralibus angulatis ; fusca, thorace lined
utrinque atra, elytris griseis maculis ohscuriorihus lineoldque obliqud versus
apicem albidd. (Long. corp. 10 — 14 lin.)

Gry. biguttulus. Limie.—Lo. crucigera. Steph. Catal. 302. No. 3329.

Head attenuated in the males, rather convex in the females, either dirty-
brown, with brighter spots, or pale, with fuscous ; thorax with its lateral
ridges distinctly, but obtusely, angulated, entirely brown, or dull testaceous.

t-<r-/V'?'2*^^ '^f^i>-*UiJ«^^^-? /<^«^ y (;<-«.^_--</^<<''^-^^^^ ^^j"

:.,.wJy-s^ ^t^^.^-,/;^V'^^'^-^*'^

^^^^ fr^i'hi^ ^h^Aj^lL^ I'^li^^) <^^y^'^^^^3Ut.

e^^^-^^"?^ "^a^j^^^n^iylHMJ-^ l(§^^-^U^ J^.A^ ^5,

LOCIJSTID.E. LOCUSTA, Sy

with a longitudinal black streak on each side, not touching' the base, and
another towards the base ; elytra of the males pale griseous, with fuscous
nervures and a few obscure darker spots, the inner margin sometimes faintly-
greenish or reddish ; in the females the same, but the spots more distinct,
and occasionally with a slender longitudinal whitish streak at the base of
the costa, and an oblique whitish spot near the apex ; abdomen dull testa-
ceous, yellowish-green beneath, the sides spotted with black ; legs dull
testaceous, spotted with fuscous.
Variable : some examples have the carinse on the thorax whitish, giving the
appearance of a cross; others — females — have the basal inner portion of the
elytra green, rosy or blood-red ; the body (and the back of the thorax) also
varies, of similar colours.

Extremely abundant throughout the metropolitan district, in
grassy fields and meadows ; also on the borders of woods, hedges, or
banks, &c., at the end of June and in July.

Sp. 19. mollis. Thoracis carinis lateralibus sinuato-curvatis ; virescens vel gilva,
elytris maculisfuscis et apicali alba obliqua. (Long. corp. 8 — 10 lin.)

Gry. mollis. Charpentier Hoi'w Ent. 164. — Lo. consobrina. Sieph. Catal.
301. iVo. 3330.

Thorax with its lateral carinse with a waved, but not angulated, curve ; colour
generally of a fine green, with a yellowish tinge, the hinder portion of the
elytra of a reddish tinge, rarely greenish; on their disc is an interrupted
row of fuscous spots, and a larger whitish one placed obliquely ; in the
males they are slightly dilated, and the apex is considerably attenuated;
legs dull testaceous, clouded with dusky.

Not uncommon within the metropolitan district in June, fre-
quenting meadows, he

Sp. 20. haemorrhoidalis. Thoracis carinis lateralibus antice angulatis ; fusca,
elytris fusco alboqve maculatis, margine postico albo, aut viridi, abdominis
ultima parte (prcesertim maris) coccinea. (Long. corp. 8 — 11 lin.)

Gr. haemorrhoidalis. Charpentier Horoe Ent. p. 165. — Lo. obscura. Steph,
Catal. 30^. No. 3334.

Thorax with its lateral carinse angulated anteriorly ; fuscous ; head in the
males considerably deflexed ; thorax red-brown, sometimes green, with a
black streak on each side accompanying the carina; ; elytra narrow, scarcely-
longer than the abdomen, with several dusky spots alternating with pale
ones, placed in the middle ; the hinder margin is clearer, and of a whitish
or green hue, tinted with bluish ; in the females the markings are stronger,
and the hinder portion is generally of a more or less brilliant white, rarely
greenish ; this sex has sometimes a broad whitish streak on the head and
thorax, extending backwards, to the apex of the elytra, when they are

d2

28 MANDIBULATA. ORTHOI'TKI! A.

closed; abdomen black at the base and sides, yellowish beneath, the
remainder fine red, with indistinct geminated black dots on the back ; legs
red-brown ; posterior femora with some largish black clouds within ; the
knees also black ; tibiae reddish, with the spines and a belt at the base
black.

Also found in the vicinity of the metropolis and near Dover, in
June and July.

Sp. 21. rhomboidea. Thorace cruciato, carinis lateralibus antice valde angulatis;
Jusca, elytris cinereis ad apicem pallidioribus, disco seriebus duabus macularum
J'uscarum, pedibus rvfe.scentibus nebulis fuscis. (Long. corp. 8 — 11 lin.)

Gr. rhomboideus. Schwffer. — Lo. rhomboidea. Steph. Catal. 302. No. 3324.

Fuscous ; thorax cruciated, the lateral carinse considerably angulated towards
the head and greatly approximating; elytra ashy, or brownish, paler towards
the apex and the inner margin, with two distinct rows of fuscous spots, one
towards the costa, the other on the edge of the back, when the elytra are
closed, and the last one of a rhombic form, and most disthict in the
female ; legs reddish, with fuscous clouds-
Common within the metropolitan district in July, frequenting the

borders of woods, hedges, banks, &c, " Caernarvon." — C C. Ba~

bingto?i, Esq.

Sp. 22. varipes. Thoracis carinis lateralibus subangulato-curvatis ; rufo-fusca,
thoracis dorso elytrisque nigricantibus, his macula obsoletissimd pallida, pedibus
rufofuscescentibus nebulis nigricantibus. (Long. corp. 8 — 10 lin.)

Lo. varipes. Steph. Catal. 302. JVo. 3326 and 3331 — Lo. variegata. Steph.
Nomen. 2d edit. col. 109 9.

Thorax with its lateral carinae somewhat angularly bent ; red-brown ; with
the back of the thorax and the elytra in both sexes deep dusky-brown, the
latter with a faint palish spot on the disc towards the apex ; legs reddish-
brown, with dusky shades.

Less abundant than the last; found within the metropolitan
district in June and July.

Sp. 23. venosus. Thoracis carinis lateralibus subangulatis ; rufo-fusca, thoracis
dorso postice nigricante, elytris fuscescentibus basi saturatioribus, immaculatis,
stigmata fusco excepto, nervis rufescentibus. (Long. corp. 10 — 12 lin.)

Gr. venosus. Linne ? — Lo. venosa. Steph. Catal. 302. No. 3333.

Thorax with the lateral carinae somewhat angled towards the middle; red-
brown, with the back of the thorax behind dusky or blackish ; elytra
brownish, transparent, darkest at the base, which has sometimes two
fuscous streaks, the disc immaculate, the costa with a dark stigma towards

.^/.y^ M?z...^/^<^ /^V ^— ^'-^-^X

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4*-^^^ ^^.e,-^,/^^^/^-^^''^-^^^

/u^^^-^l^^^^ ^r^^Mt:, ('^J-'J /^^^-..X-^/- ?

(^^Wr jfec^ /^,^ >^^:^ /<^y /-^ ^^-_/C ^-^z

LOCUSTID.E. rODISMA. GOMPHOCERUS. aH'

the apex, nervures reddish ; legs reddish-brown, slightly varied with
fuscous.

Also found, but not commonly, within the metropolitan district,
in July, and likewise in Yorkshire.

Genus VIII.— PODISMA, Latreille.

Antennae filiform, consisting of numerous, cylindric, slightly distinct articu-
lations ; head obtuse ; eyes moderate ; ocelli three ; thorax carinated, the
hinder margin rounded, the sides considerably deflexed ; elytra very short,
or almost wanting ; wings also small, and inadequate for flight ; abdomen
solid, acuminated behind ; legs moderate ; posterior much longer than the
body, their femora robust, and formed for leaping ; tibiae long, spinous ;
tarsi with a minute fleshy cushion between the claws.

This genus differs chiefly from Locusta by having the elytra and
wings so extremely short as to be totally useless for assisting the
animal in flight ; the form of the thorax is also slightly different, the
lateral carinae being very faint ; the insects also are more robust in
proportion than the Locustae, and the antennae are more attenuated,
and the body is glabrous, he.

Sp. 1. pedestris. Corpore livido incarnato, ventre Jlavicante, femoribus posticis
subtus sanguineis, iibiis caerulescentibus annulo albido. (Long. corp. 10 —
12 lin.)

Gry. pedestris. Linne ? — Lo. pedestus. Sfeph. Catal. 302. No. 3336.

Of a livid flesh-colour, changing to a dirty hue after death ; head with a small
black streak behind the eyes; thorax slightly narrowed in front, with a
distinct dorsal carina and two obsolete lateral ones, accompanied by a black
line ; the back of the thorax is inclined to brown and the sides to testaceous ;
abdomen somewhat brownish, with the edges of the segments in the male,
and the under portion in both sexes yellow ; legs testaceous-brown, with
the hinder femora red beneath, and their tibiae bluish, with a pale ring and
pale spines, the apex of the latter brownish.

Scarce, but found occasionally at the end of July within the me-
tropolitan district.

Genus IX. GOMPHOCERUS, Leach.

Antenna rather long, slender at the base, consisting of numerous indistinct
articulations, the apex more or less dilated, and, in the typical speciesj
forming a spoon-shaped cavity; head rather attenuated, and with a shallow
groove ui front ; eyes ovate, rather large ; ocelli three ; thorax elongate,

30 MANDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA.

truncate in front, rounded behind, tricarinated, the lateral carinae more or
less angulated, the sides considerably and suddenly deflexed ; elytra and
wings ample, the former with the costa dilated in the males ; abdomen
solid, attenuated to the apex; legs moderate; posterior considerably
elongated, their femora robust, compressed and formed for leaping ; tibice
slender, spinose; tarsi with a small cushion between the claws.
The elongate clavate antennae of the insects of this genus at once
point out their distinction from the other genera of this family, espe-
cially in the typical species, in which their apex is very considerably
expanded and is hollowed out in form of a spoon, with a slight acute
point at the end: in the other species this character is less apparent, but
abundantly distinct from Locusta and Podisma ; and from Acrydium
also, from which its elongate elytra and short thorax — rounded
behind — remove it : the species are rather of small size, and appear
to frequent dry and sandy heaths.

Sp. 1. rufus. Plate xxviii. f. 6. — Thorace cruciato, corpore bmmneo-griseo,
elytris griseis, abdomine subtus virescente-Jlavo, femoribus posticis subtus
tibiisque rufis. (Long.corp.il — 14 lin.)

Gry. rufus. Linn't. — Donovan, v. xvi. pi. 482. — Go. Sowerbii. Steph. Catal.
302. No. 3337.

Above griseous-brown, sometimes varied with yellowish; head beneath yel-
lowish; thorax with a black streak on each side; elytra in the male longer
than the abdomen, dilated beyond the middle, immaculate, fuscous, but
paler and more transparent on the hinder portion of the dilated costa; in
the females nearly as long as the abdomen, and with a few dusky spots
towards the hinder margin ; abdomen beneath yellowish, above dusky at
the base; legs reddish; anterior tibiae yellowish ; posterior red; posterior
femora reddish-brown, red beneath, the base within with a dusky streak ;
antenna^ longer in the male than in the female, the apex expanded and
spoon-shaped, dusky, with the extreme tip, which is acute, white.

Slightly variable : in some examples the thorax has a white streak on each
side within the black one.
Rather a local insect ; found occasionally in abundance in the

fields near the Red House, Battersea, in July and August.

Sp. 2. biguttatus. Thorace cruciato ; rufescente-fuscus, albido maculatus, ana
rufo, elytris griseis serie longitudinali macularuni fuscarum, lineolaque versus
apicem albis. (Long. corp. 6 — 10 lin.)

Gryl. biguttatus. Charpentier Horce Ent. p. 166. — Gom. biguttulus. Steph.
Catal. 302. No. 3339. — Gyl. biguttulus. Donovan, v. iii. pi. 79. f. 2.

Red-brown, spotted with whitish ; head with a black line behind the eyes ;
thorax with the lateral carinae strongly angulated, and whitish, with a black

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6

LOCUSTID.E. GOMPHOCERUS. #1

line on each side; elytra griseous, with a longitudinal row of quadrate
fuscous spotSj interrupted towards the apex with a distinct white one;
abdomen with the sides and base above black, the apex red; legs testa-
ceous ; posterior femora of a duller hue, with brownish spots, beneath
greenish-yellow ; knees black ; tibise red, with the extreme apex fuscous.
Variable : in some examples there is a broad straight yellow streak extending
from the crown to the base of the elytra; in others there is a similar mark,
accompanied by two other paler ones, along the ridge of the elytra ; again'
in some, the posterior femora are inunaculate.

An extremely abundant insect on dry and sandy heaths throughout
the metropohtan district, in July and August. " Carnarvon and
Cambridge."" — C. C. Babmgton, Esq.

Sp. 3. elegans. Thorace cruciato ; atro-fusciis, albo macuhitus, ano lutescente,
elytris pallide gristis, seriebus duahus longitudinalibus macularum J'uscarum,
lineolaque versus apicem alba, femoribus postisis alboj'asciatis. (Long. corp.
10—12 lin.J

Go. elegans. Steph. Catal. 302. No, 3338. — Gr. rufus, var. guttatus. Zetterstedt
Orth. Suec. 101 .?

Deep-brown, spotted with white ; thorax with the lateral carinse acutely
aiigulated, and whitish, with a clear white dot at the base of each, with a
black spot adjoining, and a second within the angle on each side; elytra
pale griseous, with two rows of large quadrate deep fuscous spots on each,
one in the middle of the disc, interrupted by a white dot, the other towards
the suture, and, when the elytra are closed, placed on the back ; anterior
legs dull testaceous, with brown clouds ; posterior femora dull testaceous,
with yellowish and fuscous clouds without, and two white fasciae towards
the apex within; tibiae yellowish-white, with the apex brownish.

Apparently a scarce species : it occurs on Ripley and Cobham
Heaths in July.

Sp. 4. ericetarius. Thorace cruciato ; rufescens, ano pall idiore, thorace utrinque
vitta nigra, elytris pullidis serie longitudinali maculai'um fuscarum, tibiisfer-
rugineis, apice fuscescentibus, (Long. corp. 6 — 9 lin )

Go. ericetarius. Leach MS. — Gom. ericetarius. Steph. Catal. 302. No. 3342.

Reddish, or flesh-colour ; thorax with the lateral carinae strongly angled, pale,
with an adjoining black streak on each side ; elytra pale, with a single
central longitudinal row of indistinct fuscous spots ; abdomen dusky, with
the apex pale; legs testaceous ; hinder femora dusky, with brown clouds;
tibiae ferruginous, with the extreme apex brownish.

Also found on heaths hke its congeners, and not uncommon in the
vicinity of the metropolis in July.

32 MANDIBULATA. — ORTHOPTERA.

Sp. 5. calidoniensis. Thorace cruciato, rufescens, am pallida; abdomine supra
nigra, elytris griseo-fuscis immaculatis ; geniculis posticis fuscis. (Long,
corp. 7 — 8 lin.)

Gen. calidoniensis. Leach MS.—Steph. Catal. 302. No. 3341.

Reddish ; thorax immaculate, with the lateral carina considerably angulated
and palish; elytra griseous-brown, immaculate, with two faint palish
clouds on the disc ; abdomen black above, with the apex reddish ; legs pale
testaceous, the hinder femora with some dusky clouds, and the knees also
dusky ; tibiae testaceous.
Taken in the island of lona, and in other parts of Scotland, by

Dr. Leach, in July.

Sp. 6. apricarius. Thorace tricarinato, carinis lateralibus angulatis ; viridi-
Juscns, thorace utrinque lined atra, elytris pallidis, in mare immaculatis, in
femina maculis fuscis, antennis thorace duplo longioribus, subcampressis.
(Long. corp. 8 — 10 lin.)

Gryll. apricarius. Zetterstedt Orth. Suec.p. 91.— Go. apricarius. Steph. Nomen.
2d edit. col. 110.

Thorax tricarinated, the lateral carinse angulated ; of a greenish-brown, with
a black streak on each side of the thorax ; elytra pale, immaculate in the
male, and spotted with brown in the female ; legs testaceous-brown, with
the knees concolorous ; posterior tibiae pale ; the hinder femora with an
oblique distinct black line; antennae rather long and somewhat compressed;
fuscous, with the base testaceous.
Rare in England: inhabits the metropolitan district in the

autumn.

•f Sp. 7. sibiricus. Thorace gihbaso; griseo-nebulosus, elytris hyalinis,J'emoribus
posticis griseo nigroque maculatis, subtus Jlavis ; tibiis anticis in maribus
ovato-clavatis, crassis. (Long. corp. 85 — 10 lin.)

Gryll. sibiricus. Lin?ic.— Go. sibiricus. Steph. Catal. 302. No. 3343.

Obscure griseous-brown, slightly clouded; thorax gibbous, faintly carinated ;
elytra hyaline ; posterior femora spotted with griseous and black, yellow
beneath ; anterior tibiae in the male ovate-clavate, thickened, simple in the
female.
This singular insect is in Mr. Hope's rich collection : taken on the

hills near Netley.

Genus X.— ACRYDIUM, Fabricius.

Aniennce filiform, short, somewhat approximating, inserted beneath the eyes,
consisting of about fourteen or sixteen articulations ; head acuminated in

/r'^^.^rT\h^^ / %--^<^-^^*-f'^ea^f^/ 4-L^^'v-^-^i-9^^ / &u^/.y/ '^"^/o^r^./y

^^^^^■^^'^er^''--'/^^ ?^-i£-t>i^co^^ /9W^^/^^_.^ 55-

u

LOCUSTID/E. ACIIYDIUM. ^

front ; eyes globose, slightly prominent ; ocelli three ; mouth placed in a
hollow in front of the sternum ; forehead with a grooved keel ; thor-ax cari-
nated, its hinder margin produced to, or beyond, the extremity of the abdo-
men, and terminating in a point; elyi?-a extremely short, appearing
distorted, and resembling oval scales ; wings sometimes ample, at others
rudimentary; abdomen solid, conical, without an exserted ovipositor ; legs
glabrous, anterior short, posterior longer than the body, with the femora
robust, and formed for leaping ; tibiae spinulose, anterior with some spines
at the apex only ; tarsi without a cushion between the claws.

The Acrydia are well known by their elongated prothorax, which
in one of the species extends backwards beyond the apex of the
abdomen, and in the others reaches almost to its extremit} ; exclu-
sively of this prominent character, however, they may be distinguished
with facility by their minute elytra, and by the absence of the
pulvilli, or foot-cushions, between the claws ; their wings consist of
many longitudinal folds, and their costal edge is broadly coriaceous.
As to the number of species which are indigenous I am utterly at a
loss to define them, as far too much uncertainty exists upon that
point : prior to the appearance of my Catalogue it was supposed that
there were four species found in Britain, but in the Catalogue I was
induced to sink two and add one, thereby leaving only three ; since
that time Mr. Curtis has published on the genus, and thinks there
may be four species — one new ; but, long anterior to the publication
of my Catalogue, Zetterstedt, in his Orthoptera Suecica (1821)
— a work I have only recently seen — described as different no less
than eighteen, all of which I possess ; which Charpentier, in his
Iloras Entomologica (1825) reduces to two, considering Zetterstedt's
first six species as one, and the other twelve as another. More
recently, Serville (in 1831) has made about eight species, corre-
sponding with specimens found in this country. In the face, there-
fore, of such conflicting opinions amongst authors who have expressly
devoted themselves to the study of the Orthoptera, viz. Zetterstedt,
Charpentier, and Serville, it would be ridiculous for me to attempt
the solution of the question, especially as I have scarcely attended to
the peculiarities of the genus beyond the occasional capture of some
of the more conspicuous varieties : I shall, therefore, merely intro-
duce as species those given in the second edition of my Nomenclature,
adding, from Zetterstedt, brief characters of the assumed varieties, so
far as I possess them.

Mandibulata, Vol. VI., 31st May, 1835. e

34 MANDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA.

A. Thorax with the keel slightly elevated, the produced hinder portion

extending beyond the abdomen ; wings ample ; stature narrow.

Sp. 1. subulatum. Obscure testaceo-fuscum, tibiis pallidis fusco-maculatis,
corpore angustato, prothorace postice productd ultra apicem abdominis. (Long.
Corp. 4 — 8 lin.)

Gryl. subulatus. Linne. — Ac. subulatum. Steph. Catal. 302. No. 3344. —
Curtis, V. X. pi. 439.

Dull testaceous-brown, minutely shagreened ; body slender, thorax produced
behind beyond the apex of the abdomen, rather abruptly narrowed at the
base, and somewhat linear behind ; tibiae pale, spotted with brown ; wings
ample.

Var. /3. Ac. pallescens. Zett. O. S. 109. — Ac. bipunctatum. Panzer, v. f. 18.
Tet. Panzeri. Serville End. v. x.p. 599. No. 2. — Fuscous, with the base of
the antennae, the crown and the back of the thorax, nearly entirely dull
ochreous ; on the latter beneath the angle of the shoulders is a somewhat
lunate-triangular black spot ; posterior femora testaceous.

Var. y. Ac. marginatum. Zett. O. S. 110. — Griseous-brown, with the base of
the antennae, the lateral ridges of the thorax, and a longitudinal streak on
the hinder femora without, yellow.

Var. d. Ac. humerale. Zett. O. S. 111. — Fuscous or griseous; thorax in the
middle with a large transverse whitish blotch, and a black triangular spot
on each side beneath the shoulders ; posterior femora with a testaceous
band.

Var. £. Ac. dorsata. Zett. O. S. 112. — Dull-brown, with a broad whitish-
yellow streak on the central keel of the thorax, and on each side an abbre-
viated waved longitudinal black line.

Var. Z. Ac. bimaculatum. Zett. O. S. 114. — Brown; thorax with an oblique
yellow patch on the angle of the shoulder, and terminated beneath by a
somewhat triangular black spot.

In addition to these, various intermediate varieties occur both in colour and
markings.

Not uncommon from the early spring till towards the end of autumn
in certain situations ; frequent in Battersea fields ; also at Ripley,
Hertford, Darenth and Coombe woods, the vicinity of Whittlesea
Mere, the New Forest, &c.

B. Thorax with its dorsal keel considerably elevated ; its produced hinder
portion not so long as the abdomen ; wings moderate or abbreviated ;

stature robust.

Sp. 2. bipunctatum. Corpus rohustum, rufesceutl-testaceum aut fuscum, scepe
variegatum, thorace in medio utrinque mucuh'i obVicjua nigra ; alis elongatis.
(Long. corp. Sg—G lin.)

(^ cv'-*t,-'C-i-<t^-'^-o^-^-'fM f {Zyt^^ / <<^-r^- /^^

</t^^.^^^ /^

/^t^ ^c^-^^J^ 4 ^/

/ ^St*x_ Z^^^,^^ /L 4 ^^

LOCUSTID.E. ACRYDIUM.

m

Gryl. bipunctatus. Linne. — Ac. bipunctatum. Steph. Catal. 303. No. 3345.

Wings ample, as long as the produced apex of the thorax ; body robust,
generally reddish-testaceous or brown, and occasionally variegated with
griseous or ochreous ; thorax with two more or less distinct black spots,
placed obliquely a little behind the shoulders; legs reddish-testaceous, or
griseous, a little clouded with brown occasionally.

No two examples are found precisely alike: the following varieties have been
described as distinct by Zetterstedt and others : —

Var. /3. Ac. laterale. Zetter. O. S. 118. — Fuscous, with the head dusky,
thorax reddish, the deflexed lateral lobes yellow, the back on both sides
with an oblique black spot.

Var. y. Ac. ephippium. Zetter. O. S. 118. — Reddish, the thorax with a broad
ochreous humeral fascia, terminated in front by a small streak-like spot,
and behind by two ordinary black spots.

Var. S. Ac. binotatum. Zetter. O. S. 119. — Variegated with ashy and brown,
the elevated keel on the thorax testaceous, with a white patch on both
sides, terminated anteriorly and posteriorly as in var. y.

Var. e. Ac. cristatum. Zetter. O. S. 120. — Griseous-brown, with the carinae
on the front and vertex, and the central one of the thorax yellow ; the
thorax spotted as usual.

Var. Z. Ac. vittatum. Zetter. O. S. 121. — Fuscous, variegated with griseous,
the crown and central thoracic keel yellow, the disc of the thorax with aa
abbreviated waved longitudinal black line, on each side.

Var. t). Ac. zonatum. Zetter. O. S. 124. — Dusky-black, with a broad waved
white band on the thorax, in which are two very obscure dusky spots,
and a flexuous fascia on the outer edge of the femora whitish.

Var. 6. Ac. obscurum. Zetter. O. S. 125. — Brown, or dusky-black ; thorax, on
both sides, with an oblique black spot, with a triangular white one towards
the head ; the hinder femora with a pale streak without.

Var. t. Ac. ochraceum. Zetter. O. S. 124. — Fuscous, with the legs variegated
with testaceous; above ochreous ; the thorax with the deflexed lobes brown
or pitchy, the disc on each side with a lateral triangular black spot.

Var. K. Ac. hieroglyphicum. Zetier. O. S. 125.— Fuscous, spotted with
testaceous ; thorax with four rather distinct black ziczac streaks and dots,
placed irregularly ; the deflexed lateral lobes with the apex testaceous.

Var. X. Ac. scriptum. Zetter. O. S. 126. — Fuscous or ashy; back of the
thorax on each side anteriorly with a black incurved crescent-like line, and
behind this the ordinary spot, having a slight tooth behind, and thus
becoming bifid; on the hinder portion are some brown streaks and spots
flisposed somewhat in lines.

e2

36 MANDIBULATA. ORTHOl'TERA.

Van /i. Ac. variegatum. Zetter. O. S. 127. — Variegated with ashy, fuscous,
and black; thorax as in var. a; the hinder femora with a whitish fascia on
the outer edge.

Numerous intermediate varieties occur j and I suspect that Ac. nigricans is
referrible to this species.

Frequents nearly the same places as the preceding species, and
during the entire summer, appearing towards the end of spring, and
continuing till the autumn.

Sp, 3. nigricans. Corpus suhrobustum ; atrum vel fuscum, scepe variegatum,
thorace utrinque macula iriavgulari atra ; alls abhreviatis. (Long. corp.
4-6lin.)

Ac. nigricans. Sowerby B. M. v. i. ^jZ. 74. — Ac. brevipenne. Steph. Catal.
303. No. 3346.

Body somewhat robust; deep black or dusky, sometimes variegated ; thorax
behind slightly exceeding the abdomen in length, with a more or less
distinct triangular black spot on each side behind the middle; wings abbre-
viated.

Almost all the varieties described under Acc bipunctatum occur in this species,
which appears chiefly to differ by having the thorax longer, and the wings
shorter and very small.

Taken at Hertford, Ripley, in Battcrsea fields, Hants, &c.,
throughout the summer.

Family III.— ACHETID.^, Leach.

Tarsi three-jointed; antennw elongate, setaceous; head large; crown convex;
eyes ovate; ocelli two or three; thorax truncate in front, and receivhig the
head, which is inserted nearly to the eyes; 6f/(/f/ a horizontally incumbent,
with the sides suddenly dtflexed, with an acute ridge at the angle, the disc
veined, and dissimilar in the sexes ; body elongate ; breast without laminated
appendages ; wings considerably folded longitudinally, and terminating in
a kind of subulated tail; abdomen cylindric, with two exarticulate, setaceous,
elongate, villose processes, or styles; legs rather stout,, especially the
posterior, and their /(mora ; the hinder tibiw spinose, robust ; tarsi without
foot cushions between the claws.

This is a limited family, and embraces only three indigenous
genera, which are n o less remarkable from their aspect and habit
than from the singularity of their form and manners, as more parti-
cularly detailed under their respective genera : from the Locustidae
(which have tiiree-jointed tarsi) their elongate setaceous antennae,

L^

/ /^..^-t/^.^ X. ^ h ?^ ■

ACHETID-E. — GUYLLOTALPA. Sf

exclusively of their robust bodies, their horizontally incumbent elytra,
elongate subulate wings, semicylindric thorax — which is destitute of
carinae — elongate caudal appendages to the abdomen, &c. manifestly
remove them, in addition to their habits. In some instances the
females have an exserted ovipositor, and in all cases the elytra differ
in the sexes.

The indigenous species are divisible into the following genera,
which may be thus hastily distinguished : —

Pcr/fs antici dilatati ; thorax owaius : 11. Gryllotalpa.

simplices, baud dilatati ;
TAoraj? transversus; antennce rexnotsi : , . . .12. Acheta.

elongato-quadratus ; a?itenHce appropinquantes : . 13. jEcanthus.

Genus XI.— GRYLLOTALPA, Ray.

Antennw inserted, before the eyes, shorter than the body, setaceous, consisting
of upwards of sixty indistinct articulations ; head somewhat conic, nutant ;
eyes exserted, small ; ocelli two, minute ; thorax subovate and somewhat
cylindric; elytra abbreviated, partially incumbent on each other, with the
humeral portion deflexed, veined ; areolets dissimilar in the sexes ; luings
ample; abdomen robust, flat below, furnished at its apex, in both sexes,
with a setaceous pilose process on each side ; the female without an
exserted ovipositor ; legs stout, compressed, anterior formed for digging,
their femora beneath v/ith a sharp compressed tooth at the base, and the
tibiae palmate, the apex divided vertically into robust teeth ;* the tarsi
compressed and trigonate, inserted on the side of the tibia ; intermediate
legs moderate ; posterior with rather long and thickened femora, and the
four hinder tibios short and armed with spines towards the apex.

The insects of this singular genus, known by the name of " il/b/e-
crickets,'''' may be instantly recognized by their extraordinary
palmated anterior legs, which do not unaptly represent the fore-feet
of the animal whence their peculiar appellation is derived : they are
amongst the largest of the indigenous insects ; they subsist on the
roots of plants, and are said to be very destructive in some gardens :
the female deposits her eggs in a large oval cell, to the amount of

* Mr. Curtis says four, but that is a s-pccijic difference, not a generic cha-
racter; inasmuch as Gryll. didactyla (a South American species), which is
sometimes improperly placed in English collections, is furnished with two
teeth only at the apex of the tibise.

88 MANDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA.

300 : they are round, and of a shining yellowish-brown, and are
excluded in about three or four weeks.

The sexes, as pointed out by Zetterstedt in his Orthoptera Succica
in 1821, differ in the neuration of the elytra, as do the other genera
of the family to which the mole-crickets appertain : they rarely fly,
and the male makes a not unpleasant chirping sound by the friction
of its elytra : they burrow with great rapidity by means of their
strong anterior legs.

Sp. 1. vulgaris. Tomentosa, supra fusca, subtiis ferrugineo-Jlavescens, tibiis
anticis quadridentatis, alis elytris diiplo longioribus. (Long. corp. 1 unc.
10 lin.— 2unc. 3 lin.)

Gry. gryllotalpa. Z,m»e.— Gryllot. vulgaris. Stejih. Catal. 303. No. 3347. —
Curtis, V. X. pi. 456 : an elegant figure.

Above brown, beneath testaceous, or rusty-yellowish, entirely clothed with a
fine velvety pile : margins of thorax fulvous ; elytra dull whitish-yellow,
or ashy, with the costa and base brownish, and the nervures dark likewise ;
wings whitish, slightly iridescent, with the costa, a longitudinal streak
through the disc, and the anterior nervures, brown ; anterior tibiae furnished
exteriorly with four teeth ; of a pitchy hue, the tibiae themselves being of a
chestnut hue.

The sexes, as stated by Zetterstedt in 1821, differ in the neuration of the
elytra, the disc in the male being more closely reticulated with nervures,
and during repose, in this sex, the right elytron laps over the left.

This insect is not very abundant, but still cannot be considered
rare, at least in the south of England ; it frequents meadows, fields,
boggy places, the rich mould of garden grounds, &c. : the female,
towards the beginning of May, forms her cell about six inches
beneath the surface, in which she deposits her eggs, and the young
are hatched in less than a month, and do not assume their final state
till about the end of the succeeding May : they occur in many places
within the metropolitan district, and I have taken them near Ripley ;
they are also found in Devonshire and Cornwall : it has been
supposed to be the cause of the " Will o"" the wisp," but I think
erroneously, as those specimens that I have kept alive have shown
no appearances of phosphorescence ; and the effects of electro-
chemical phenomena are amply sufficient to account for the one in
question, which, like many other natural events, appears to have been
enveloped in mystery, from the proneness of mankind to hazard
theoretical opinions.

Vyw/Zf^ (^^-^yl^yL^ /qU^,.^/ eL^^.-^ f^rJ.^^ ^ ^ /^o

ACHETID.E. ACHKTA. 39

Genus XII.— ACHETA, Fabricius.

Antennce inserted close to the eyes, remote at their base, consisting of
upwards of 100 articulations, and longer than the body ; head large,
rounded, somewhat transverse ; eyes lateral, slightly exserted ; ocelli three,
rather obsolete ; thorax transverse-quadrate, flat above ; elytra flat, hori-
zontally incumbent, irregularly veined in the males, and abruptly inflexed
towards the humeral angle; wings ample, or wanting; abdomen rather
stout and short, its apex with two slender elongate pilose styles, and in the
female with a long porrected ovipositor; anterior /e^* short and simple ;
posterior nearly as long as the body, with their femora thickened, the knees
swollen, and the tibia, with a double row of moveable spines.

Unlike the Gryllotalpse, these insects have the anterior legs very
slender, and not materially dissimilar to the second pair ; but the
hinder pair are elongated, and have incrassated femora, as in the
Locustse : the head is very broad, and the antennae are remote at
their origin ; the thorax is short and transverse ; the females have a
long exserted ovipositor : the eggs are deposited either in a cell under
the surface of the earth, or in holes in old kitchen walls ; in con-
structing which they are assisted by their powerful jaws : the eggs
are hatched in about a fortnight or three weeks, and the imago (at
least in the domestic species) appears in about three or four months :
all the species are remarkable for their loud chirping noise.

Sp. 1. campestris. Niger, nitidus, capita thorace majore, elytris griseo-fuscis,
nigro-reticulatis, ad basin et externe dilutioribus, obscuro-Jlavescentibus,femo-
ribus posticis supra sanguineis. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 4 — 8 lin.)

Gryl. campestris. Linne. — Sowerby B. M. v. i. pi. 64. — Ac. campestris.
Steph. Catal. 303. No. 3348.

Robust; deep shining black ; head larger than the thorax, the latter nearly
twice as broad as long, rather widest in front ; elytra griseous-brown,
irregularly reticulated with black nervures ; the base and inner side palest,
or dull yellowish; wings small, much shorter than the elytra in the male,
but longer in the female ; posterior femora beneath blood-red at the base.

The ovipositor in the female is nearly as long as the abdomen, and ascends ;
and the elytra are deep black and regularly reticulated.

This is a rare species, at least, I would rather say, is but seldom
captured, on account of its extreme shyness ; but I am inclined to
believe that it is far from uncommon in several parts of the south of
England : it has been found in the vicinity of London and at
Windsor, m the New Forest, Devonshire, Cornwall, &c., but I

40 MANDIBULATA. OUTHOPTERA.

believe not towards the north ; on the continent it does not occur
beyond the latitude of York : it is found in June and July, fre-
quenting holes in dry soils, the male making a very loud chirping
by day as well as by night.

Sp. 2. sylvestris. Apterus, ochreo-Jerrugineus, capite atro orbitis maculaque
frontali ochreis, thoracis disco pallido minutim nigra punctata, elytris brevis'
simis piceis. (Long. corp. 9 — 11 lin.)

Ac. sylvestris. Fabriciiis.—Steph. Catal. 303. No. 3319.— Curtis, v. vii. pi. 293.

Apterous; rusty-ochreous ; head black, shining, with the orbits of the eyes
and a patch on the face pale tawny, or ochreous ; thorax black, slightly
pilose, the disc spotted with black ; elytra about two-thirds the length of
the abdomen, pitchy, with the principal nervure and the base pale; abdomen
black, with two pilose styles at the apex ; legs variegated with black.

Female with the elytra very short, dirty-ochreous, with the sides and nervures
pitchy.

I obtained this insect above twenty years since from Mr. D. Byd-
der, who discovered it in the New Forest, in the vicinity of Lynd-
hurst, the second year that he found the indigenous Cicada ; since
that period it has been again found in the same neighbourhood, and
I obtained many specimens from a collector, whom I employed in
the years 1820 and 1821, from the vicinity of Brockenhurst ; also in
the New Forest.

Sp. 3. domesticus. Cinereo-glaucus, glaber, tlior ace post ice truncato, alis elyiris
longioribus. (Long. corp. 9 — It lin.)

Gryl. domesticus. Linne. — Donovan, v. xi. pi. 409. — A.C. domesticus. Steph.
Catal. 303. No. 3350.

Shining glaucous ash, scarcely tomentose ; head pitchy-black, very glossy,
with whitish transverse lines ; thorax truncate in front and behind, with a
fine dorsal channel ; the disc slightly pilose, and with three triangular
blackish spots ; elytra scarcely so long as the abdomen, in the male with a
large pellucid space, in which the nervures run very irregularly, the apex
alone reticulated as usual, as the entire disc is in the female; wings
whitish, with the costa and a streak near the apex brownish ; abdominal
styles pale and pilose ; ovipositor of the female about half the length of the
body, somewhat clavate at the apex; legs pilose; posterior femora very
glossy within.

This, which is the ^^ domestic crickef that most persons have
heard, though few have seen, occurs in plenty in kitchens, bake-
houses, and in other warm situations, existing positively within a few
inches of the fiercest domestic fires ; it is very impatient of cold ; is

/

ftyK. aI^'-^I^ /r^/ /.._..-^5^^/C/P3 -

^ ^j^ ^^^4^^ (d^u ^'^y^-^^A'^"

y^^^ -K Q^J^^eji^^ l/iur-i^/ A^^e'^^^r^^^ ^ ^^'>^ —

ACHKTID.E. CECANTHUS. Wi

fond of all sorts of kitchen refuse, crumbs of bread, yeast, &c. ; also
of milk, broth, water, wet linen, woollen stockings, &c., in which last
it will frequently gnaw holes, while they are also not uncommonly
found drowned in vessels of beer and the like : when numerous, they
are very destructive, as, by means of their powerful mandibles, they
burrow away the mortar from between the bricks, and thus at times
open a communication from one house to another: although very active,
they rarely fly, except when they wish to change their residence : it
is said that they may be extirpated from situations where they are
troublesome by making a loud noise, or by the introduction of Ac.
campestris, but in this country this latter remedy cannot readily be
adopted, from the rarity of the insect just alluded to.

Genus XIII.— (ECANTHUS, Serville.

AntenncE approximating at the base, setaceous, longer than the body ; head
oblong-ovate, deflexed ; palj)i four, terminal joint cylindric; mandibles
stoutish, bi- or tridentate at the apex ; ei/es oblong ; thorax somewhat
convex above, of an elongate-quadrate form, and a little deflexed behind;
elytra incumbent, longer than the abdomen, oval, with numerous impressed
striae, and three distinct decussating ones ; wings rounded, without a tail;
abdomen oblong, furnished at the apex, in the males, with elongate styles,
and in the females with a filiform ovipositor, which is nearly straight, being
but slightly recurved at its apex ; legs long and rather slender, posterior
longest, the femora simple^ the tarsi with two rows of minute spines.

One indigenous species only is known of this curious genus, which
differs from the foregoing in having the antennae approximating at
the base, the thorax somewhat longer; the elytra larger, and
exceeding the abdomen in length, the latter being oblong, and fur-
nished at the apex, in the females, with a very long ovipositor.

-)-Sp. 1. Italicus. Virescente-albidus, oculis atris, elytris hyalinis, abdomine
subdiaphano. (Long. corp. 9 lin.)

Ac. Italicus. Fabricius. — Steph. Catal. 303. No. 3351. — Aphelomera Italica.
Steph. Nomen. 9dedit. col. 111.

Of a greenish- white, with black eyes ; abdomen oblong, whitish, diaphanous ;
elytra hyaline, somewhat yellowish towards the apex ; wings transparent
white ; legs also diaphanous white.

Of this singular insect I have seen one imperfect example only,
which was taken by my late friend Mr. Haworth, near Halvergate in
Norfolk, many years since, and is now in Mr. Westwood's cabinet,

Mandibulata, Vol. VI., 30th June, 1835, r

42 MANDIBUI.ATA. ORTHOPTERA.

Family IV.— BLATTIDtE, Stephens.

Body broad and flat, oval ; antennas very long and setaceous, consisting of
from 50 to 150 minute articulations; head somew^hat triangular, often con-
cealed beneath the front of the thorax ; maxillary palpi elongate, with the
terminal joint somewhat securiform; e^e^ kidney-shaped ; ocelli obsolete;
thorax rounded, nearly transverse, margined; elytra lapping over on the
inner margin, the apex slightly gaping, as long as the wings, and frequently
longer than the abdomen, the latter flat above, convex beneath, terminated
at the apex with two jointed moveable processes, and occasionally also with
two inarticulate styles ; legs compressed, formed for running ; tihiw very
spinous, the spines moveable ; tarsi five-jointed.

The disagreeable insects comprised in this family, called " Cock-
roaches,"" differ from the true Orthoptera by having the tarsi five-
jointed ; the body also is ovate, depressed, the head concealed
beneath the front of the thorax, the legs all formed alike, compressed,
with very spinous tibiae, the spines themselves being moveable ; the
apex of the abdomen is furnished with two porrect articulated pro-
cesses, in addition to two styles that are frequently present ; the
sexes chiefly differ in the number of segments to the abdomen, being

Genus XIV.— BLABERUS, ServWe.

Antennw moderate; head nutant; thorax with its anterior margin rounded and
entire, completely concealing the head ; elytra gradually rounded on the
lateral margin, and not suddenly narrowed towards the apex, the disc with
a curved stria : body elongate, ovate, glabrous; aMowera with its terminal
segment moderate and unarmed, but furnished with the usual appendages ;
legs rather moderate in length ; tibice with long spines without ; tarsi with
the basal and terminal joints elongate, the intermediate stout, and each of
equal length ; the claws without any cushion between them.

The want of a cushion between the clav/s is a leading mark of the separation
of this genus from the other assumed indigenous ones of this family, to
which other characters might be added, as the relative proportions in the
joints of the tarsi, &c.

fSp. 1. giganteus. Lividus, thoracis clypeomacidaquadratafusca. (Long. corp.

2 unc. 1 — 2 lin.)
Bl. gigantea. Linn'c. — Pantalogia{\) — Shaw, General Zoology, v. vi. pi. 41 (!)

Steph. Catal. 303. No. 3352, note.

Livid: thorax with a large fuscous spot on its disc.

In the Pantalogia (article Blatta) this large insect is stated to be British, but

BLATTID.E. BLATTA.

|3

eight in the males, and six or seven in the females, and the last sex
has the terminal segment sometimes keeled: the eggs of these
insects are compound, that is, they are enclosed in an oblong case,

I believe that it is a native of South America and the West Indies: certain
it is that specimens have been found in England, as in Mr. Beck's cabinet
are several examples which he found in the West India Docks ; but it is
evident from that they have no pretensions to be considered British. In
Shaw's General Zoology, it is supposed, by a quotation from MoufFett, that
a specimen once occurred in the tower of a church at Peterborough, but the
vagueness of the description renders the story improbable.

Genus XV.— BLATTA, Aucturum.

Anlennce glabrous, very long, inserted in an excavation near the eyes ; head
nutant, nearly concealed beneath the anterior margin of the thorax ; eyes
depressed ; thorax rounded in front, slightly waved behind ; elytra with a
shallow curved chaimel towards the base, the apex sometimes truncate;
males with wings, females generally destitute thereof, and in some instances
wanting elytra ; body glabrous and shining, of a soft consistence, much
depressed above ; abdomen in the males furnished at the apex with two
articulated processes and two styles ; legs slender, long, especially the
posterior ; the hinder Jbmora and all the tihioE armed with spines, the former
below and the latter on the outside ; tarsi with the basal joint as long as all
the others united; claws with a more or less evident puvillus, or cushion,
between them.

From the preceding genus these insects may be known by having a cushion
between the claws, exclusively of other differences; and from Ectobiusthey
differ not only by having the basal joints of the tarsus as long as the four
remaining joints, the femora more or less spinose beneath, but in being of a
much larger size, &c. ; they are most voracious insects, and devour all kind
of animal and vegetable substances that they can obtain : they are extremely
destructive in kitchens, bakehouses, on board ship, &c. : they are probably
the most active of insects, running from the light, which they detest, when
suddenly disturbed, with inconceivable velocity; they are, consequently
nocturnal insects, and the common species, Bl. orientalis, abounds so in
some underground apartments in London, as literally to cover the floor,
within a few minutes after the lights are extinguished.

Sp. 1. Maderae. Fusca, thorace elytrisque lividis fusco variegatis. (Long. corp.

1 unc. 6-10 lin.)
Bl. Maderae, Fabricius.— Donovan, v. xiii. pi. 457 {\)—Stejjh. Catal. 304.

No. 3354, note.

f2

44) MANBIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA.

having a ridge on one side, whence the young larvae escape. The
indigenous species are divisible into the following genera: —

Pulvilli intra ungues nulli : . . . . .14. Blaberus.

conspicui :

TarsorMTO art", basali reliquis longiori : ... \b. Blatta.

breviori: . . .16. Ectobius.

Head greenish-brown; antennae dusky; thorax livid, with irregular fuscous
spots ; elytra also livid, elegantly veined longitudinally, and thickly adorned
from before the middle with raised transverse lines, placed somewhat irre-
gularly ; these lines are broadly fuscous, and produce a variegated appear-
ance ; the base is plain in colour, but is ornamented with a longitudinal
fuscous streak on the angle of the elytra, and a curved one extending to the
suture, before the middle ; the body beneath and legs are slightly testa-
ceous.

This fine insect, which is a native of Madeira and the adjoining islands, has
been frequently taken in London, but like the other species of the genus is
not indigenous.

Sp. 2. Americana. Ferruginea, thoracis clypeo posticc fascia exalbida, elytris
alisque abdomine longioribus, apice rotundatis. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 5 — 8 lin.)

Bl. Americana. Linni. — Shaw, Gen. Zool. v. vi.pl. 4<1 (!) — Steph. Catal. 304.
No. 3355, note.

Ferruginous ; head with a whitish spot on each side between the antennae ;
eyes dusky; thorax with a waved whitish fascia on the hinder margin
(which is a little sinuated), sometimes emitting a branch on each side,
which extends round the entire margin, and a second in the middle, forming
a longitudinal streak, and united to the other two on the anterior edge,
leaving only two large ferruginous spots on the disc ; elytra of a brownish
tinge, prettily veined, and with the interstices transversely strigose ; the
apex rounded ; abdomen paler, with the terminal segment rounded in the
male, and glabrous, carinated and pilose in the female, its apex furnished
with two processes of about fourteen joints, and also the usual styles ; legs
pale testaceous ; femora and tibiae with dusky spines.

Found occasionally in warehouses and outbuildings, by the side of the Thames,
especially below London Bridge ; it is a native of America, and has evi-
dently been brought into this country, and is consequently not an indigenous
production.

Sp. 3. orientalis. Ferrugineo-fusca, thorace concolore, elytris alisque abdomine
brevioribus, apice subtruncatis ; {(£mina aptera elytrorum rudimento. (Long,
corp. 8 — 14 lin.)

Bl. orientalis. Linne.— Wuod, Gen. v. i. pi. 31. — Stej^h. Catal. 304. No. 3353,
note.

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BLATTID/E. ECTOBIUS. 4S

Genus XVI.— ECTOBIUS, Westwood.

Antennce glabrous, very slender ; head nutant ; thorax rounded in front, and
concealing the head, slightly produced in the middle behhid; eyes small;
el;i/tra in the males as long as the abdomen, with a single curved channel
towards the base ; wings generally complete in both sexes ; body oblong,
more or less depressed above, mostly glabrous, sometimes slightly pubescent
above ; abdomen of the males furnished at the apex writh two jointed pro-
cesses only, but destitute of styles ; in the female the terminal segment is
not carinated beneath ; legs moderate, posterior rather the longest ; femora
rarely with spines beneath ; tibioe with spines on the outer edge : tarsi with
the three basal joints gradually diminishing in length, the basal one not so
long as the four others united ; claws without a cushion between them.

This genus embraces all the truly indigenous species of " Cock-
roach,"" though probably the first two of those, hereafter given, may
have been introduced as there surmised: they differ not only in
their smaller size and paler tints from Blatta, but from having the
tarsi dissimilar in the proportions of the joints, the basal one being
shorter than the remainder united ; the males are not furnished with
styles at the apex of the abdomen, and both sexes are generally
winged : all but the first two occur beneath the bark of trees.

Rusty-brown, somewhat obscure ; head with a white dot between the eyes
on each side; thorax immaculate ; elytra abbreviated in the male, truncate
at the apex, longitudinally veined and transversely strigose, as in the pre-
ceding species ; wings small, whitish, with the costa fuscous ; female
without wings, and with the rudiments only of elytra ; abdomen and
appendages as in Bl. Americana: legs ferruginous, with concolorous spines;
tarsi testaceous; pulvilli (or cushions) minute. j

Like the foregoing insect this has been introduced into this country, and is
not, therefore, an aboriginal native : it occurs, however, in houses, especially
in London and in maritime commercial towns, in utter profusion, swarming
by myriads in some of the underground apartments of the metropolis : it is
a native of India, and has not only been introduced into this country
through the aid of commerce, but into most other European ones ; it appears
not to have reached Sweden till about a century back (1734 or 1739), having
been introduced from Russia; but it has been known in Britain twice as
long, being common in wine cellars in London " Londini apud nos in
cellis vinarijs," accordhig to MouiFett, whose " Theatrura" was published
in 163*.

46 MANDIBULATA. — OllTHOPTERA.

Sp. 1. germaiiicus. Lividus, antennis articulo basali excepio, oculis, thoracisque

lineis dunbus parallelis, nigris. (Long. corp. 9 — 10 lin.)
BI. germanica. Linnc Donovan, v. x. pi. 341. — Steph. Catal. 304. No. 3356.

Head yellow^ with a dusky streak between the eyes, the latter black ; antennae,
except the basal joint, which is yellow, the same ; thorax livid, very glossy,
with two longitudinal parallel black lines, neither touching the anterior nor
posterior margins ; scutellum and elytra livid, immaculate, the nervures
single in the middle of the costa, furcate towards the apex, and reticulated
on the inner margin ; wings whitish at the base, the apex and nervures
dusky; abdomen yellow, with the region of the stigmata dusky or pitchy;
legs yellow, immaculate ; femora beneath and tibiae on the outside with
concolorous spines.

It is extremely doubtful whether this insect be really indigenous :
I feel inclined to decide against its admission, as it appears to be
confined, at least in this country, to dwellings and warehouses ; and
it unquestionably occurs, not uncommonly, in merchant vessels : it
is said to inhabit the woods of India ; but it occurs in various parts
of Europe : in England it has been found about and in London,
Portsmouth, Plymouth, &c.

Sp. 2. pallens. PaUide-testaceus, nitidus, thorace Jlavo-testaceo lurido, toto
immaculato, oculis atris. (Long. corp. 85 lin.)

Bl. pallens. Steph. Catal. 304. No. 3357.— Bl. lucida. Hagenb. Symb. Faun.
Helv. 18./. 9 }

Above pale-testaceous, and shining ; beneath of a paler hue, and immaculate ;
thorax very glossy, and of a fine testaceous-yellow, also immaculate; eyes
deep black ; legs pale testaceous, with the femora beneath and the tibiae
on the outside armed with concolorous spines.

Charpentier considers this insect (that is, if it be synonymous with Bl.
lucida of Hagenbach) to be a variety of the foregoing ; but its jet black
eyes, and totally immaculate glossy thorax, appear to form sufficient cha-
racters of distinction : however, upon this point I am uncertain, having only
my own dried specimen to assist me : it nevertheless appears to differ in
form.
My example of this insect was taken near London.

Sp. 3. lapponicus. Plate xxviii. f. 7. — Elongato-ovatus, postice attenuatus,
flavescens, thoracis disco maris, elytrorum atomis abdomineque in utroque sexu,
nigris, pedibus piceis autjlavis. (Long. corp. 7—8 lin.)

Bl. lapponica. Linne. — Steph. Catal. 304. No. 3358.

Elongate-ovate, attenuated behind ; yellowish ; head black, with the crown
brownish ; antennae also black ; thorax smooth, black, with the lateral
margins broadly, and the anterior and posterior narrowly, pellucid yellow ;

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BLATTID.E KCTOBIUS. ,47

elytra \ongdr than the abdomen, pelhicid-yellow, thickly sprinkled with
numerous minute dusky atoms, and with a few larger spots disposed longi-
tudinally ; wings slightly brownish ; abdomen black, with the lateral mar-
gins yellow ; femora slightly spined ; legs posteriorly with the tibiae and
tarsi frequently paler, and the tips of the latter dvisky or blackish. The
female is rather less, shorter and paler, head obscure; base of the antennae
sometimes pale ; thorax with the disc testaceous, the margins yellow ;
elytra scarcely as long as the abdomen, with the spots rather more distinct
than in the male ; abdomen broadish, pitchy or black, with the sides and
margins of the segments yellow; legs yellow, with the apex of the tarsi,
the claws and pulvilli black .

This appears to be a rare species in England : I once (in July
T 827) took a pair in a wood near Albury in Surrey, and obtained it
in the same season from the vicinity of Lyndhurst ; and I do not
remember to have seen other specimens elsewhere.

Sp. 4. perspicillaris. Ovatits,Jlavescens, thoracis disco testaceo, elytris afomis,
abdomineque supra fuscis, arttennis pallidis. (Long. corp. 6 — 7 lin.)

BI. perspicillaris. Fiieslyf—Steph. Catal. 304>. No. 3359.

Ovate, yellowish; thorax with the disc testaceous, the margins pellucid
yellow ; elytra with some distinct dusky spots disposed longitudinally, and
numerous blackish atoms on the surface ; abdomen above fuscous, with
pale lateral margins, beneath blackish ; legs pale yellowish-pitchy, with the
knees paler; femora with a i'ew spines within; wings fuscescent, darkest
at the apex.

Of this insect (which is supposed by Charpentier to be a variety
of Ec. lapponicus) I have two examples — one taken in the neigh-
bourhood of Lyndhurst ; the other I obtained from the Marshamian
collection.

Sp. 5. Panzeri. Elongatus, pallide-ochraceo-Jlavescens, thoracis disco testaceo
Jiisco, elytris pallidis lateribus membranaceo-pellucidis, disco fere immaculato,
antennis pedibusque piceis. (Long. corp. 5 — 6 lin.)

Bl. Panzeri. Steph. Catal. 304. No. 3360 — Bl. germanica. Panzer Faun.
Germ. n.f. 16.

Slightly elongate, or elliptic ; of a pale ochreous yellow ; head dusky ; mouth
pale ; thorax with its disc testaceous-brown, sometimes a little blackish,
the margins pale and pellucid ; elytra also pale, the lateral margins pellucid
brownish-yellow, the disc with a few minute brownish atoms ; abdomen
beneath pitchy, above pale testaceous-brown ; legs pale pitchy, the femora
palest and without spines ; antennae also pitchy.

Found not uncommonly on the coast of Devonshire, near Kings-

48 MANDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA.

bridge and Plymouth ; also in Cornwall and in the New Forest, in
June.

Sp. 6. nigripes. Elongatus, ochraceo-Jlavescens, thoracis disco antennis pedi-
busquenigris, tarsoi'uin articulo basalt coxisque albidis. (Long. corp. 6 lin.)

Bl. nigripes. Steph. Catal. 304. No. 3361.

Elongate-ovate, or elliptic ; ochreous-yellow, with a brownish tinge ; head,
antennse, and eyes, black ; thorax with its disc black, the margins pale
testaceous and pellucid; elytra pale yellowish-brown, or ochreous, with
some remote, somewhat indistinct, darker atoms on the disc, especially
towards the apex; abdomen black beneath, dark brownish-ochre above,
with a black streak on each side ; legs black, with the coxa? pale ochreous,
the base of the tarsi whitish ; femora without spines.

This species also occurs, in June, in the New Forest, about
Lyndhurst, and I believe also in Dorsetshire.

Sp. 7. lividus. Brevis, lutus, ovaius, pallide testaceo-Jlavus, immaculatus, oculis
atris ; abdominis hasi nigra. (Long. corp. 5 — 6 lin.)

Bl. livida. Fabricius.—Samouelle, pi. 4./. 17.— Steph. Catal. 304. JVo.3369.

Rather broad and short, ovate ; pale testaceous-yellow ; the head and centre
of the thorax brighter ; eyes deep-black ; elytra pale immaculate ; breast
and abdomen beneath also very pale, the latter above black, with the sides,
apex, and a fine margin to each segment, pale testaceous-yellow ; legs very
pale ochreous ; femora with a few spines within ; tarsi at the apex and
claws dusky.

This species occurs beneath the bark of trees at Darenth and Birch
woods in June, and 1 rather think in the vicinity of Dover.

Sp. 8. pallidus ? Brevis, sublatus, ovatus, pallide testaceo-brunncus, oculis atris,
pleuris, abdominis lateribus infra, basi que supra nigris, elytris maculis aliquot
brunneis. (Long. corp. 4 — 5 lin.)

Bl. pallida. Olivier ? — Steph. Catal. 304. No. 3363.

Short, rather broad and ovate ; of a pale testaceous-brown; eyes deep black;
thorax glossy, sometimes faintly varied with brownish atoms ; elytra paler,
also with some faint brownish atoms, and three or lour rather conspicuous
brownish spots ; pleurae, base of the abdomen, and a lateral streak on each
side beneath black ; legs very pale; femora with a few spines beneath.

I have received this insect from Devonshire, and it has occurred in
the New Forest in June.

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NEUKOl'Tl^KA. PANOKPINA. 4^

Order IV.— N E U R O P T E R A.

Wings all nien)branaceous and reticulated, with numerous areolets, generally
four, rarely tAvo, or wanting ; eyes usually large; ocelli two or three ; mouth
various ; prothorax distinct, ample ; scapuloe and paraphurue parallel and
oblique. Metamorphoses various: larva with six articulate legs, and with
strong horny mandibles.

The contents of this order are so extremely various and diversified,
as ahnost to prechide the possibility of drawing up a concise set of
characters, that shall embrace every species that legitimately belongs
thereto : in some the wings are four in number and alike, and the
posterior ones (occasionally) actually exceed the anterior in bulk ;
while in other groups they are not only dissimilar to the anterior, in
reticulation, &c., but they actually become so much diminished, as
in some genera (Cloeon, Caenis, &c.) to disappear ; while again in
other genera (Boreus, Atropos, &c.) all the wings are wanting. If
we select other characters, the same discrepancy is observable — the
antennae, for instance, in Ascalaphus, a foreign genus, are longer
than the body and clavate, while in the gigantic Libellulae they are
so short and slender, especially at the tip, as to be scarcely visible ;
again, in these last insects the mandibles, and in fact all the oral
organs, are strongly developed, while in the Ephemeridas they almost
totally disappear, the rudiments of a labrum and palpi only being
evident : in fine, there appears scarcely an organ but what undergoes
the extreme of variation in this Protean order.

If the structure of these insects is so diversified, their habits are
no less so : some of them in the primary stages inhabit the water,
others live on trees, beneath bark, &c., but most of them appear to
be carnivorous : again, in metamorphoses, there is as much diver-
sity, as more particularly noticed under the respective families, and
in one group (Ephemeridse) a sort of quadruple metamorphosis takes
place.

From the extremely variable contents of this order, it becomes
necessary to subdivide it into various groups before treating of their
contents: I shall therefore proceed to notice the first of the indigenous
ones, in which one of the genera (Boreus) approaches nearest to the
Orthoptera.

Section I.— PANORPINA.

Head produced in front in form of a rostrum, or beakj at the apex of which
Mandibulata, Vol. VL, Junk 30th, 1835. g

50 M AN J)J BU h AT A . N EU KOl'TE K A.

the trophi are placed ; the latter variable in the different genera ; anicnitce
setaceouSj inserted between the eyes, and somewhat approximating, com-
posed of numerous articulations, the basal one being largest, the remainder
generally distinct: head transverse; eyes prominent; thorax with the
anterior segment occasionally very short, but sometimes ample ; wings
sometimes wanting, or four, either uniform in appearance, or very dissimilar ;
body elongate-conic, or subcylindric ; legs generally long and slender ; tarsi
long, five-jointed, slender. Metamorphosis unknown.

This family contains only two British genera, thus distinguished:

y4te 4, subsimiles, incunibentes, reticulatfe : . . ,2. PANOiiPiDiE.

nullae, aiit rudimentes : . . . . .1. Boreid.ii;.

Family I.— BOREID.E mild.

Wings none, or only rudimentary ; ocelli wanting ; protliorax, or collar, ample;
abdomen obtuse at the apex in the males ; furnished with an ovipositor in
the females.

The ample prothorax, combined with the almost total absence of
■wings, obtusely terminated abdomen in the males, as well as the
presence of a peculiar ovipositor in the females, svilficiently indicate
the distinctions of this family, which consists only of one indigenous
trenus.

Gexus I.— EOUEUS, Latreille.

AiilemicE approximating at the base, rather long, filiform, composed of more
than twenty joints, the basal one of which is broad and the terminal conic ;
liead nutant; thorax ample, its first segment or prothorax large and uneven;
the two following, or meso- and meta-thorux short, each furnished in the
males with a pair of slender wings, above half the length of the abdomen,
and resembling an awl, the apex recurved and ciliated ; and in the females
with a pair of short scale-like appendages; abdomen robust, cylindric, and
obtuse at the apex in the males ; somewhat acuminated at the apex in the
females, and furnished with a triarticulate ovipositor, having a bilobed valve
beneath; legs long and slender, simple in both sexes.

The characters of this genus are sufficiently indicated in the ob-
servations appended to the family Boreida*, so that it is unnecessary
to repeat them : the only British species is found in the winter season
under moss, stones, &:c., and appears to be rather extensively distri-
buted : its metamorphoses arc unknown.

PANORl'ID.f.. I'AXnr.PA.

^

Sp. 1. hyemalis. Fiisciix, .mhceneo fucidit.';, ?-o,iirn, ovij>osiforc pedihiisque
ochreis. (Long. corp. 2 — 3§ lin )

Pan. hyemalis. Liniic. — Bo. hyemalis. Curtis, v.\n. pi. \\9<, — Steph. Catal.
301. No. 3364.

Fuscous, with a bronzed tinge; head and eyes black, the former bronzed ;
rostrum pale ochi-eous, Avith the tip brown; prothorax dusky; meso- and
meta-thorax ochreous ; abdomen with the edges of the segments palish ; the
ovipositor ochreous, with a dusky tip ; legs pale ochreous, with the terminal
joint of the tarsi black at the apex ; antennte blackish, with the base pale.

The wings are pale ochreous-brown in the male.

This is a very local insect : it was first taken by Dr. Leach near
Costessy in Norfolk, and subsequently, rather in abundance, by the
Messrs. Walker, near Southgate ; and last winter, in the vicinity of
Nottingham, by 11. Bakewell, Esq., to whom I am indebted for
specimens.

Family II.— PANORPID.*], Leach.

Wivgs four, ample, reticulated, incumbent during the repose of the animal,
though slightly extended in form of a long triangle ; ocelli distinct ; pro-
thorax short, resembling the collar of the Hymenoptera; abdomen generally
elongate and attenuated to the apex, sometimes furnished with a cheliform
appendage in the males, but never with an ovipositor in the females.

Of this family the metamorphoses are likewise unknown ; and
from the Boreidae it differs in having ample wings, combined with a
very short prothorax, distinct ocelli, an elongate tapering abdomen ;
fui-nished at the base in the males (at least in the British genus) with
forceps, and without an exserted ovipositor in the females.

Genus II.— PANORPA Auctorum.

Autennce approximating at the base, long, slender, inserted between the eyes,
composed of numerous articulations, setaceous ; head vertical ; palpi sub-
equal, filiform ; ocelli three, disposed in a triangle on the front, the two
hinder ones largest ; bodi/ elongate, narrow ; thorax short, the anterior
segment small; the two posterior producing large elongate reticulated
equal wings, of an ovate-elliptic form, and resembling each other; abdomen
conic, furnished at the apex in the males with a claw-like appendage, or
forceps, and in the female with a simple hook ; legs long, slender ; tihice
with spurs at the apex ; tarsi with short denticulated claws, between which
is a spongy pnlvillus.

g2

52 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTEHA.

The presence of ample incumbent reticulated wings, and distinct
ocelli, sufficiently characterizes the only indigenous genus of this
family ; to which may be added the forcipated tail of the male,
elongate-attenuated abdomen of the females, exclusively of other
less evident external differences. The transformations are un-
known.

Sp. 1. communis. A'Igra, alia hyalinis, venis fascia apiceque fiiscis, casta obscure
testacea; thorace macuUs pedibusque testaeeis. (Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 1 — 5 lin.)

Pa. communis. Linnc. — Leach, Zool. Misc. v. u. pi. 9i>.f. 1. — Steph. Catal. 305.
No. 3365.

Black ; thorax with a row of livid or testaceous spots on the back, arranged
longitudinally ; rostrum reddish ; wings hyaline, with the nervures, an
irregular fascia towards the apex, with the tip itself, and a few scattered
spots, dark fuscous ; the costa dull testaceous ; three or four terminal joints
of the abdomen reddish ; legs dull testaceous.

Slightly variable in size, and a little so in the disposition of the spots on the
wings ; but in all the varieties, the fascia on the wings (behind the middle)
is very evident.

Extremely abundant, during the summer, in hedges by the sides
of woods, meadows, &c. throughout the metropolitan district ; also
common in other parts of the country.

Sp. 2. affinis. Nigra, aUs liyaJinis, venis maculis apiceque fuscis, casta obscure
testacea, thorace maculis pedibusque testaeeis. (Exp. Alar. 11 — 15 lin.)

Tan. affinis. Leach, Zool. Misc. v. ii. pi. 94./. 2.— Steph. Catal. 305. No. 3366.

Black ; rostrum and apex of the abdomen reddish ; thorax with some yellowish
or testaceous dorsal spots, placed longitudinally ; wings hyaline, with the
nervures, and numerous scattered spots and the extreme apex fuscous; legs
testaceous.

The generally smaller size of this species, in addition to the difference in the
maculation of the wings, sufficiently points out its distinction from the
foregoing.

Also a very common insect, within the metropolitan district,
occurring rather earlier in the season, but continuing throughout the
summer : likewise found in other parts of the country.

Sp. 3. apicalis. Nigra, alls hyalinis, immaculatis, apicefusco solo excepto, venis
fuscescentibus, pedibus piceis. (Exp. Alar. 9 — 10 lin.)

Pa. apicalis. Steph. Catal. 305. No. 3367.

Black; rostrum and apex of the abdomen reddish; thorax immaculate; wings

PA>JORT'ID,E. I'ANORl'A. 53

the same, with the extreme apex alone fuscous, the nervures slightly
brownish, and the costa faintly testaceous ; legs pitchy.
This insect is much smaller than either of the other species, and may be
known by having the extreme tips alone of all the wings deep fuscous.

I possess a pair of this species that occurred in the vicinity of
London ; one at Darenth wood, in June.

Sp. 4. borealis. Nigra, rostro, abdominis ajiice jxdibusque piceis, alia hyuUnis
venis maculaque costalifuscescentibus. (Exp. Alar. 9^ lin.)

Pan. borealis. Sttph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 112.

Black ; rostrum, apex of the abdomen, and the legs pitchy ; thorax with some
obscure testaceous spots; wings hyaline, with the nervures, and a spot on
the costa, towards the apex, brownish.

This may probably be a variety of the following species.

Found in the neighbourhood of Edinburs^h.

Sp. o. gerraanica. JVigra, rostro, abdominis apice pedibusquc riifis, alis hyalinis
subnebulosis, macula costali conspicua fused. (Exp. Alar. 9 — 13 lin.)

Pan. germanica. Linne. — Steph. Catal. 305. No. 3368.

Black; rostrum, apex of the abdomen and legs red or reddish; thorax with a
dorsal row of testaceous or yellowish spots ; wings hyaline, obscurely
clouded with fuscous, with a conspicuous spot of the same towards the
apex of the costa, and some darker clouds near the hinder margin, or tip of
the wing.

As in the other species of this genus, some examples are more clouded with
fuscous, on the wings, than others.

Much less abundant, at least within the metropolitan district, than
either P. communis or P. affinis : it occurs, however, not uncom-
monly, especially in the New Forest, in the months of June and
July.

Section II.— ANISOPTERA, Leach.

Antenna.' short, subulated ; mandibles obsolete or wanting ; ivings erected
during repose, anterior generally elongated, of a somewhat triangular form,
with the hinder margin rounded, and considerably larger than the posterior,
which in some cases are totally wanting ; abdomen furnished at its apex
with two or three setas or filaments, variable in length, according to the
species ; legs various ; anterior elongated, porrected ; intermediate and
posterior short; ter-Ai with four joints. Metamorphosis quadruple.

The insects comprehended in this division of Neuroptera are
remarkable for several peculiarities, both of structure and of habit, as

5i MAXDIBUT.ATA. NF.UROrTF.I'.A.

more particularly detailed in the notice of the only family in which
they are embraced : it may, however, be here remarked that they
may be known by their minute antennae, porrected anterior legs, the
filamentous appendages to the abdomen, and by the great dissimilarity
in the size of the two pair of wings, the second, or posterior, being
sometimes entirely absent ; again, the insects are nearly, or totally in
some instances, destitute of a mouth, and the eyes are usually very
large.

Family III.— EPHEMERID E, Leach.

Antennce inserted on the inner margin of the eyes, triarticulate, the two basal
joints very short and thickened, the third long, and resembling a slender
tapering bristle ; mouth wanting ? body elongate, soft ; head as wide as the
thorax, transverse ; eyes large, suboval, united on the forehead in the
males ; ocelli three, placed triangularly ; thorax subcylindric ; wings two or
four; abdomen elongate-conic, with two or three very long setae, or
filaments, at the apex, composed of numerous joints, and two or three
shorter setaceous ones (also jointed) beneath ; legs slender, anterior remote
from the others, inserted, to appearance, beneath the head, much longer
than the others, their femora thickened, the intermediate and anterior pairs
with the femora less robust; all the tibiae simple, and forming at first
sight, as it were, the basal joint of the tarsi, being gradually attenuated
from the base, the to-Ai consisting of a few cylindric articulations^ of which
the first is shortest, and the terminal one is furnished with two unequal mem-
branous compressed claws, the smallest having a horny tooth at the apex,
and the other being broader and obtuse. The metamorphosis is quadruple,
inasmuch as the insect is furnished with wings, enveloped in an outer case,
which is ultimately slipped off before the true imago is declared.

The insects of this family, as previously alluded to, are remarkable
for undergoing a quadruple metamorphosis, as, in addition to the
ordinary states of eg^, larva, pupa, and imago, there is an interme-
diate one to the last two, inasmuch as a sort of representative of the
imago is produced after the pupa, but which has to undergo a further
ecdysis, or shedding of its skin, before the true insect appears : in
this state the insect is capable of flying, the true wings being encased
in a delicate membrane, which is cast very expeditiously, when suffi-
ciently mature : in this operation a slit is made on the back, through
which the insect forces itself, and gradually withdraws its body,
limbs, and wings, leaving its exuvium, exactly corresponding with its
previous form, excepting that portion which enveloped the wings,

ilFilEMKIUD.E. EPilE.MKllA. 55

and which is rolled vxp into a mass on each side of the thorax : in
the first three states these insects inhabit the water, and upon their
emersion from the pupa they become inhabitants of the air ; their
life is of short duration, but nevertheless some of the species exist
for a considerable period, as noticed under Cloeon dipterum : the
larvaj vary slightly in structure, according to the genera, those of the
true Ephemerae and of Baetis having exserted respiratory organs
along both sides of the body.

The indigenous genera may be thus distinguished : —

Alie quatuor, posticis distinctis :

C'«?///a triseta : . . . . .3. Ephemera.

biseta : . . . . .5. Baetis.

duse, posticis nullis, aut vix coiispicuis :

Cauda triseta : . . . . .4. C^enis.

biseta: . . . . . (J. CLoiioN.

Genus III.— EPHEMERA Auctorum.

Head small, emarginate in front ; eyes rather large, ovate, united on the
crown in the males, somewhat remote in the females ; thorax not very stout,
elongate-ovate ; wings four, anterior much longer than the abdomen, some-
what lanceolate, more or less reticulated, the costa slightly waved, posterior
very small, ovate-triangidar ; abdcmitn as long again as the thorax, slightly
tapering at the apex, and terminated by three very long filaments, of which
the central one is shortest in the males ; Itgs rather long and slender.

The species of this genus ai*e probably more numerous than I
have indicated, as the account of them is entirely made up from
tliose that are contained in my own cabinets, other collections
thereof not being named or divided into species : it is therefore fair
to conclude, that if among the more conspicuous long genera I
occasionally lack specimens, such is the case in this genus, which
may be known by having four wings and three filaments, or setae, at
the apex of the abdomen.

A. The transverse uervures of the wings very distinct, giving the wings a
strongly reticulated appearance.

Sp. 1. vulgata. Obscui'e-fusca, abdomine lutescente, alls fuscescentlbus, ftisco
rrticuhitis ci macidatis, costa anticar'um palUdefusca, pedibus pallidis obscure
7iebidosis. (Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 2-4 lin.: — Long. corp. 6 — 7^ lin.; 1. setarum
1 unc. 3 — t lin.)

V.[). vulgata. Linnc.— U'uod, v. ii, pL 47. — Slcjfh. Calal. 30j. xVo. 336D.

56

MANDIBULATA. XEUKOl'TEUA.

Dull fuscous; anterior portion of the thorax yellowisli, with a brighter stripe
of the same colour on each side before the wings, the latter hyaline, the
anterior suffused with pale fuscous, excepting towards the inner portion of
the base, the costa of a rather darker hue, nervures fuscous, the transverse
ones edged with the same, producing a variegated appearance ; towards the
base is a small irregular fuscous cloud, and about the middle, near the
costa, is an interrupted waved fascia of the same hue ; posterior wings
fuscescent towards the apex, and with a spot of brown in the centre ;
abdomen fuscescent, varied with yellowish, or with the basal and terminal
joints dusky, and the remainder ochreous-yellow, with brownish edges to
the stigmata; legs pale, anterior with the femora, and the others clouded
with, fuscous.

Rather variable in the spotting of the wings, some examples being more
clouded than others.

This insect — the May-Jly — sometimes occurs in great abundance
in the vicinity of the metropolis, especially on the banks of the New
Kiver and of the Lea, near Hackney and at Hertford, towards the
end of May, flying about, with the peculiar vacillating motion of the
family, in the afternoon in myriads, and again towards evening.

Sp. 2. cognata. Fusco-j'erruginea, abdomine pallidiore, marginibus segmentorum
albis, alis hyalinis subluteo-fuscis, nervis maculisque J'uscis, pedibus rnjesceti-
tibus, genicuUsfuscis. (Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 6 — 7 lin. : — Long. corp. 8 — 9 lin.;
1. setar. S— 9 lin.)

Eph. cognata. Stepk. Catal. 305. No. 3370. — Eph, vulgata. Donovan, v. iv.
pi. 128 ?

Rusty-brown; collar anteriorly and a stripe before the wings pale yellowish-
white; wings hyaline, of a somewhat yellowish-, or luteous-brownish,
with the nervures, especially the transverse ones, fuscescent, two or three
conspicuous brown spots about the middle towards the costa, and one near
the base ; abdomen of a pale reddish-ochre, with the apex dusky, and the
margins of the segments whitish ; beneath on each segment are two oblique
fuscous lines, and another on each side ; legs reddish, with the knees and
tips of the tibiae and tarsi dusky.

The great dissimilarity in the proportions of the parts, as well as the difference
in colouring, sufficiently point out the propriety of establishing this as a
species. Not having an opportunity of reconsulthig Donovan's figure at
present, I have placed a query to the reference.

Also found in the neighbourhood of London, about the beginning
of June, but apparently rare.

Sp. 3. Stigma. Piceo-fusca, abdomine pallidiore, pedibus setisque luridis, imma-
culalis, alis lijalinis paUidc lulcscLnlibux, huud maculalis, anlicaruiii cusld ad

EPHKMERTD/E. EPHEMEKA. il i

apicem luteo-fuscescente. (Exp. Alar. 11 lin.: — Long. corp. 4^ Hn.; 1. setar.

8J lin.
Eph. Stigma. Steph. Catal. 305. No. 3371.
Pitchy- bro wn ; thorax in front and abdomen paler, or of a rusty tinge; legs

and setse, or filaments, lurid, and not spotted ; wings hyaline, of a pale

yellowish hue and immaculate, the anterior with the costa at the apex

luteous-brown.

I have a single example of this insect, of which I know not the
locality.

Sp. 4. talcosa. Piceo-fusca, abdominis apice pedibus setisque luridls, alis hyalinis
immaculutis. (Exp. Alar. 10 lin.: — Long. corp. 4^ lin.; 1. setar. 7 lin.)

Eph. talcosa. Mus. Marsham. — Steph. Catal. 305. No. 3372.

Pitchy-brown, immaculate, with the apex of the abdomen and the legs lurid;
filaments the same, but paler; wings transparent, immaculate, nervures
very pale ochreous-brown, the costal ones slightly yellowish, and the costa
itself towards the apex of a luteous-brown hue.

Of this species — which I obtained from the Marshamian collection
— I am ignorant of its locality.

Sp. 5. lutea. Lutea, oculis marginibusqiie segmeniorum abdominis nigris, alis
hyalinis, albis, immaculatis, setis nigra punctatis. (Exp. Alar. 10 lin. :—
Long. corp. 4 lin. ; 1. setar. 6 lin.)

Eph. lutea. Linne. — Steph. Catal. 305. No. 3373.

Luteous ; eyes and margins of the abdominal segments black ; legs pale
luteous, immaculate ; filaments also pale luteous, rather closely dotted with
black ; wings very clear and transparent white and immaculate, with the
nervures slightly luteous, the costal ones brightest.

Found, but not commonly, within the metropolitan district, in
June.

Sp. 6. marginata. Nigra, alis hyulicus albis, margins exteriore fusco. (Exp.
Alar. 10 lin.: — Long. corp. 4 lin. — long. set. 5 lin.)

Eph. marginata. Linne. — Shaw Gen. Zool. v. vi. pi. 81, Jig. inf.? — Steph. Catal.
305. No. 3374.

Black ; abdomen brownish, with darker rings ; wings hyaline white, with the
costa fuscous ; legs pale ; filaments spotted with black, with long articu-
lations.

Found in the vicinity of the metropolis in June, apparently rare.
Mandibulata, Vol. VI., 30th Apuil, 183G. h

58 MANDIBULATA. NEUKOPTKRA.

B. With the transverse nervures of the wings indistinct.

Sp. 7. submarginata. Rufo-picea, pedibus pallidioribus, geniculis posUcis nigri*
cantibus, alis hyalinis, costd subochracea. (Exp. Alar. 9^ lin.; Long,
corp. 4 lin. ; 1. set. 2 lin.)

Eph. submarginata. Sleph. Catal. 305. No. 3375.

Reddish pitch colour, glossy ; eyes and ocelli black ; legs very pale pitchy-
red, posterior pair with blackish knees; filaments pale ferruginous ; wings
clear and spotless, anterior pair with the costa slightly ochraceous.

Found in the vicinity of London.

Sp. 8. dispar. Piceo-nigra, abdominis basi pedibusque pallide rufo-piceis, setts

luridisfusco subannulatis. (Exp. Alar. 9 — 9^ lin.; long. corp. ^ lin. ; 1. set.

4 lin.)
Eph. dispar. Sleph. Catal. 305. No. 3376.
Pitchy-black, shining : abdomen pale reddish, pitchy at the base, with the

sides paler, and marked with an indistinct row of dots, the apex blackish ;

legs pale rusty-piceous ; filaments long, lurid, obscurely annulated with

fuscous ; the joints short ; wings transparent ; anterior with the costa

slightly yellowish.
Pseudimago with the wings fuscous, the nervures, especially the transverse

ones, darker, producing a pale spotted appearance.

Not uncommon within the metropolitan district in July.

Sp. 9. fusca. Obscure picea, vertice et basi pedum anteriorum ferrugineis,

pedibus posterioribus ochraceis, setis luridisfusco punctatis. (Exp. Alar. 7—

8 lin. ; long. corp. 2^— 2§ lin.; 1. set. 3^ — 4 lin.)
Eph. fusca. Curtis, Phil. Mag. 1834 — Eph. nigricanus. Steph. Catal. 305.

No. 3377.
Obscure pitchy, crown and base of the anterior legs ferruginous, two hinder

pair ochreous ; filaments pale lurid, dotted with fuscous ; the joints long ;

wings transparent.

Found at Hertford in June.

Sp. 10. diluta. Pallide rufo-ferruginea, abdomine nigricante, pedibus pallidis,
alis hyalinis costd concolore. (Exp. Alar. 9 lin. ; long. corp. 4 lin. ; 1. set.
3 lin.)

Eph. diluta. Steph. Catal. 305. No. 3378.

Shining, pale rusty-red ; abdomen dusky, the apex and the margins of the
segments reddish ; legs pale ochreous; filaments lurid, immaculate; wings
transparent, with the costa concolorous.

Inhabits the neighbourhood of London.

EPHEMEEID.E. EPHEMERA. 59

Sp. 11. apicalis. Fusco-ferruginea, nitida, abdominis basi pallida, pedibus
ochraceo-ferrugineis, alis hyalinis. (Exp. Alar. 8 lin. ; long. corp. 34 Hn. ;
1. set. 5 lin.)

Eph. apicalis. Steph. Catal. 305. No. 3379.

Rusty-brown, shining; thorax very glossy; abdomen pale, with the margins
of the segments and its apex rusty-brown ; filaments pale lurid, immaculate,
with long joints; legs pale ochreous; wings transparent, costa faintly
yellowish.

Also found near London.

Sp. 12. rufescens. Pallide rufo-J'ulva, subnitida, pedibus rufescentibus posterio-
ribus pallidioribus, setis luridisfusco maculatis, alis hyalinis casta Jlavescente.
(Exp. Alar. 8—94 li"-; long. corp. 3^ — 4 lin.; 1. set. 4 — 5 lin.)

Eph. rufescens. Steph. Catal. 305. No. 3380.

Pale tawny-red, slightly shining; abdomen dusky-red; legs reddish, two
hinder pair paler ; filaments lurid, spotted with fuscous, the joints short ;
wings transparent, costa yellowish.

Abundant throughout the metropolitan district at the end of June
and beginning of July.

Sp. 13. rosea. Pallide rosea, subnitida, pedibus pallidioribus, setis luridis,fusco
maculatis ; alis hyalinis basi summa et costa dilute roseis. (Exp. Alar. 7 — 8|
lin. ; Long. corp. 3 — 4 lin. ; 1. set. 4 — 4^ lin.)

Eph. rosea. Steph. Catal. 306. No. 3383.

Pale rose colour, slightly shining ; legs very pale rosy, anterior pair darkest ;

filaments pale lurid, spotted with fuscous ; wings hyaline, with the extreme

base and the costa pale rose colour.

Found near Hertford in June : not very common.

Sp. 14. helvipes. Piceo-nigra obscura, pedibus helvolis, setis pallide luridis,
immaculatis, alis hyalinis. (Exp. Alar. 9 lin. ; long. corp. 4 lin. ; 1. set.
3 lin.)

Eph. helvipes. Steph. Catal. 306. No. 3382.

Dull pitchy-black, thorax slightly shining; legs pale red, with a rosy tinge ;
filaments pale lurid, immaculate, joints short ; wings narrow, transparent,
costa slightly tinted with yellowish.

Also taken near Hertford : apparently rare.

Sp. 15. dubia. Fusca subnitida, abdominis basi pedibusque pallidis, setis pallide
luridis, immaculatis, alis hyalinis, costa subjiavescente. (Exp. Alar. 7 lin. ;
long. corp.2i lin.; 1. set. 3 lin.)

Eph. dubia. Steph. Catal. 305. No. 3381.

GO MAKI>IBULATA. NEUROl'TKRA.

Fuscous, slightly shining; abdomen pale, the apical segments and the margini
of the central ones dusky-brown ; legs pale ; filaments pale lurid, immacu-
late, joints short ; wings transparent, costa faintly yellowish.

Found within the metropolitan district.

Sp. IG. minor. Obscure fusca, segmentorum marginibus rufescentibus, pedibus
pallidis, alls angustis hyalinis costa concolore. (Exp. Alar. 5i lin.; long. corp.
ii lin.; 1. set. 3 lin.)

Eph. minor. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Slender, dull fuscous ; segments of the abdomen with their margins slightly
reddish ; legs very pale ; filaments lurid, immaculate ; wings narrow,
transparent, costa concolorous.

Taken at South Lambeth, in June.

Genus IV.— C^NIS mihi.

Head broad, short : eyes small, remote, rounded : thorax large, ovate : wings
two, short, broad, with numerous longitudinal nervures, and two or three
transverse ones near the costa : abdomen about as long as the thorax, obtuse
at the apex, and terminated by three filaments of very variable length in the
respective species : anterior legs in the male long, their femora thickened,
tibiae and tarsi slender, four hinder pair short, rather slender.

This genus is readily known by the brevity of its wings and abdo-
men, the latter not exceeding the length of the thorax, and scarcely
extending beyond the outer anal edge of the expanded wings ; its
apex is, however, furnished with three setae, or filaments, by which
character alone it may be distinguished from the two following
genera. The species appear to be rather scarce, or are very local.

A. With the Jilaments several times longer than the body: — Cmhis mihi.
Sp. 1. macrura. Plate xxix. f. 1. — Fusco-nigra, abdomine piceo, pedibus piceo-
fuscis, alis hyalinis costa fusca, setis longissimis* (Exp. Alar. 44 lin. ; Long.
Corp. If lin. ; 1. set. 7 lin.)

N. G. macrura. Steph. Catal. 306. JVo. 338o. — Ctenis macrura. Steph. Nomen.
Qdedit. col. 112.

f Sp. 17. vespertina. Nigra, alis posticis albis.

Eph. vespertina. Linnc. — Berkenhout (!) — Steph. Catal. 306. No. 3384.
Amongst the smaller species of the genus (family) with the entire body, and
the anterior wings black ; the posterior wings white.

Probably the pseudimago of one of the foregoing species.

FL '>:>.

ZOWesTMood. djbl

J.orteU>7h.lfuhU^hjbii hfJ.F-SUi7)u/i.!.ifov

EPHEMERIS.E. C.ENIS. 61

Deep brown-black, slightly shining; abdomen pitchy ; filaments nearly four
times as long as the body, pale fuscous, faintly dotted with fuscous, articu-
lations long ; legs pitchy-brown ; wings transparent ; costa, especially
towards the base, fuscous.

Taken in the vicinity of London, in June.

Sp. 2. dimidiata. Piceo-nigra, abdomine pallida, pediLus ochraceis, alls lacteis
casta fusca. (Exp. Alar. 3^ lin. ; Long. corp. \\ lin. ; 1. set. 4lin.)

CsB. dimidiata. Steph. Nanien. 2d edit. Appendix — Br. minimus. Curtis,
Phil. May. 1834.?

Pitchy-black, shining ; abdomen pale ; legs ochreous ; sette long and pale ;
wings milk-white, costa fuscous.

Taken near London ; and in Norfolk ?

B. With the Jilaments scarcely longer than the body, or shorter, stout at the
base: — Brachygercus, Curtis.

Sp. 3. brevicauda. Picea-fusca, abdomine pedihusque pallidis, alis albidis, costd
fused, setis brevibus. (Exp. Alar. 4 — 4^ lin. ; Long. corp. If — 2 lin. ;
1. set. % lin.)

Eph. brevicauda. Fabricius.—N. G. brevicauda. Steph. Catal. 306. Na. 3386.

Pitchy-brown, or black, slightly shining; abdomen pale, its base fuscescent;
filaments about half its length, and, with the legs, pale; anterior femora
dusky ; wings whitish, transparent, the costal nervures fuscous.

Found near London, in June ; and near Cambridge and Whittle-
sea Mere, in July 1833.

fSp. 4. Harrisella. Pallida, alis hyalinis, casta concolore. (Exp. Alar. 6 lin.;
Long. corp. 24 lin. ? 1. set. 1 lin. ?)

Br. Harrisellus. Curtis, Phil. Mag. 1834. — Ephemeron. Harris, Exp.
pl.vx.f.S. — Cse. Harrisella. Steph. ISlomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Pale: wings "deadish-white," transparent ; costa concolorous.

Harris says the expansian of this insect is about half an inch : Curtis that it
is five lines long. I have never seen a specimen corresponding with
Harris's figure, but, if his dimensions are correct, the other must be erro-
neous : this latter appears to have been arrived at by measuring the lower
figure in Harris's plate, which represents the insect in a sitting position.

Found by Harris in a window, in London.

Sp. 5. pennata. Thorace lata fusco ferrugineo, abdomine pedibusque albidis,
oculis atris, setis brevibus pennatis. (Exp. Alar. 5 lin. ; Long. corp. 2 — 2J
lin. ; 1. set. 1 lin.)

N. G. pennata. Steph. Calal. 30b". No. 3387.

62 MANDIBULATA. NKUBOPTERA.

Rusty-brown : eyes black ; thorax broad, ovate, glossy ; abdomen pale ; setae
short, pale, pilose ; legs very pale ; wings whitish, costa somewhat fus-
cescent.

Pseudimago with ashy, ciliated, wings.

Taken in June, at Hertford.

Sp. 6. chironomiformis. Ochracea nitida, oculis nigris, pedibus pallidis, alis
lacteis, costa fused. (Exp. Alar. 5 lin. ; Long. corp. 2^ lin. ; 1. set. 1 lin.)

Br. chironomiformis. Curtis, Phil. Mag: 1834.— Cae. chironomiformis. Steph.

Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.
Shining, ochreous : eyes black; legs whitish; wings milk-white, costa

fuscous.

Found near London ; and at Bath, by C. C. Babington, Esq.

Sp. 7. interrupta. Atra nitida, abdomine pallida, strigis 2-bus dorsalibus atris
interruptis, pedibus fuscis, alis fuscescentibus, costa saturaiiore. (Exp. Alar.
45 lin.; Long. corp. 2 lin.; 1. set. % lin.)

Cse. interrupta. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Deep glossy black : abdomen pale, with an interrupted black streak on each
side down the back ; filaments and legs fuscescent; wings also fuscescent,
with the costa darker.

Found at Whittlesea Mere, in July 1833.

Genus V.— BAKTIS, Leach.

Head large, transverse, hemispherical : eyes large, united on the crown in the
males, remote in the females : thorax ovate, stout ; wings four, anterior
long, narrow, obtuse, considerably reticulated, costa slightly varied ;
posterior small, somewhat ovate : abdomen moderately long, rather tapering,
furnished at its apex with two filaments : anterior legs long, with the
femora compressed ; four hinder ones short ; claws dissimilar.

The insects contained in this genus may be readily known by having
two filaments only at the apex of the abdomen, and at the same time
being furnished with two pair of wings : it is probably a more numerous
genus than I have indicated, but the species of this family are so
extremely fragile, and are so susceptible of injury, that they are
difficult to investigate satisfactorily, after having been long preserved
in cabinets, and unfortunately several of my old specimens were
injured by the damp, several years back, at South Lambclh.

KPHEMERIDifi. BAETIS. 63

A. Wings very distinctly and rather thickly reticulated.

Sp. t- dispar. Pallide castanea, abdominis segmentorum marginibus hrunneis,
alis hyalinis, casta Jlavescente ante apicem fuscescente. (Exp. Alar. 14lin. ;
Long. corp. 5| — 6 lin. ; 1. set. 16 — 17 lin.)

Ba. dispar. Curtis, v. xi. pi. 484. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

" Pale castaneous : eyes and disc of thorax sometimes much darker in the
male; segments of the abdomen with the margins brown, filaments more
than twice as long as the insect ; tibiae, excepting the anterior pair, ochreous
towards the apex ; tarsi fuscous ; wings transparent, anterior pale yellow
at the base in the male, as well as the costal margin, which is pale brown
towards the apex, nervures of the same colour.

" The wings in the pseudimago — a term employed by Mr. Curtis — have all the
nervures suffused with fuscous, and the costa not darker than the rest of the
wing." — Curtis, I. c.

Found, but rarely, in the vicinity of London, in June : also taken
in the north of England.

Sp. 2. venosa. Obscure fusca, alis albis, nervuris fuscis. (Exp. Alar. 15 lin. ;
Long. corp. 6 lin. ; 1. set. 8 lin.)

Eph. venosa. Fabricius. — Ba. venosa. Steph. Catal. 366. No. 3389.

Dull fuscous : wings broad, white, with fuscous nervures.
Probably a variety of the foregoing species ; but the wings are much broader,
and the filaments shorter.

Found near London, in June.

Sp. 3. longicauda. Ochraceo-lutea, pedihus pallidioribus, geniculis abdomi-
nisque segmentorum marginibus fuscis, setis longissimis. (Exp. Alar. 14 lin.;
Long. corp. 5^ lin. ; 1. set. 14^ lin.)

Ba. caudata. Steph. Catal. 366. iVo. 3388.

Pale luteous-ochre : eyes fuscous ; thorax glossy ; abdomen pale ochreous at
the base, the apex darker, the segments edged with fuscous ; filaments
considerably above twice the length of the insect, pale ochreous, with faint
fuscous spots ; legs pale ochreous, tips of femora fuscescent ; wings trans-
parent, with the costa and nervures yellowish.

Pseudimago ?— Ba. mellea. Curtis, Phil. Mag. 1834.

"Bright ochreous : eyes black ; segment of abdomen edged with brown, with
a trigonate brown mark on the back of each, and the spiracles forming a
double row of black dots down each side ; filaments longer than the insect'
dotted with brown; wings pale yellow, costa a little darker, nervures
yellow and brown." — Curtis, I. c.

Taken near Hertford, towards the middle of June.

64 MANDIBUI.ATA. MEUROPTERA.

Sp. 4. costalis. Pallide castanea, thoracis lateribus abdominis apice et pedibut
ochraceis, alis hyalinis, costaflavescente. (Exp. Alar. 13^ lin. ; Long, corp^
5 lin.; 1. set. 9 lin.)

Ba. costalis. Curtis, Phil. Mag. 1834. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Slender, pale chestnut, with the sides of the thorax, tip of the abdomen, and
the legs ochreous ; joints of the tarsi fuscous at their articulations ; filaments
very long, pale yellow, eachjohit tipped with black; whigs transparent,
anterior with the costa dirty-yellowish.

Also found in June, near Hertford.

Sp. 5. subfusca. Obscure castanea, abdomine fuscescente, segmentorum margi-
nibus saturatioribus, alis subjlavescentibus costd concolore stigmata subochracei.
(Exp. Alar. 11 lin.; Long. corp. 4^ lin.; 1. set. 7 lin.)

Ba. subfusca. Steph. Catal. 306. No. 3390.

Dull chestnut : eyes and abdomen brownish, the latter with the margins of
the segments fuscous ; legs dull ochreous ; filaments dusky, each joint with
a darker spot at the tip; wings faintly suffused with yellowish, the costa
towards the apex darker ; nervures luteous.

Found in June, at Hertford.

Sp. 6. elegans. Ochraceo-Jiava,abdomijie pallide subcastaneo, tarsorum articulorwm
apicibus niger alis subjlavescentibus, costa saturatiore. (Exp. Alar. 13§ lin. ;
Long. Corp. 4§ I'm.; 1. set. 8 lin.)

Ba. flavescens. Steph. Catal. 306. A'o. 3391.— Ba. elegans. Curtis, Phil. Mag.
1834.

Bright ochreous yellow : abdomen palish chestnut ; filaments pale, the tips of
the joints fuscous ; legs very pale ochreous; the tarsi with the apex of each
joint blackish ; wings iridescent, pale ochreous-yellow, costa darker,
especially towards the apex, forming a stigmoid spot.

Taken within the metropolitan district.

Sp. 7. semicolorata. Plate xxix. J'. 2. — Fulvescente-ochracea, abdominis seg-
mentorum, marginibus brunneis, alisjlavescente-brunneis, anticis apice hyalino.
(Exp. Alar. 11 — 12 lin. ; Long. corp. 3—3^ lin.; 1. set. 13 lin.)

Ba. basalis. Steph. Catal. 306, No. 3392. — Ba. semicolorata. Curtis, Phil.
Mag. 1834.

Tawny-ochreous : thorax sometimes varied with a darker hue ; abdomen
paler, the edges of its segments brown or dusky ; legs pale ; knees and tarsi
brown ; filaments long and slender, pale, with the tips of the joints darker ;
wings pale brownish-yellow, the anterior with the tips transparent and
colourless ; nervures all yellowish-brown.

Found in the neighbourhood of London : not very common.

r.PHKMKRID.E. BAETIS. 65

Sp. 8. lateralis. Plcea, thorace macula aurantiacu, ahdomine ferriigineo latmbus
paUidix, alis hyalinis, nervuris 3-bus costalihus carneis. (Exp. Alar, 8 — 9 lin. ;
Long. corp. 3|— 3f lin.; 1. set. 7 lin.)

Ba. phaeopa. Steph. Catal. 306. N'o. 3394. — Ba. lateralis. Curtis, Phil.
Mag. 1834.

" Piceous, shining, an orange spot before the wings ; abdomen dull ferrugi-
nous, the sides paler, with the spiracles piceous; filaments very long;
wings with the three costal nervures rosy or ferruginous ; legs lurid,
excepting the anterior, which are ochreous at the base." — Curtis, I. c

Taken, in June, within the metropolitan district.

Sp. 9. obscura. Piceo-rufa, abdomine palUdiore, setis hiridis fusco annulatis,
alis hyalinis costa subochracea. (Exp. Alar. 7^ lin. ; Long. corp. 3§ lin. ;
l.set. 6 lin.)

Ba. obscura. Steph. Catal. 306. No. 3395.

Dull pitchy-red : abdomen paler, its filaments lurid, long, the joints tipped
with fuscous ; legs pale lurid ; wings hyaline, costa somewhat ochreous,
the nervures brownish.

Found at Hertford, &c. in June and July.

Sp. 1 0. carnea. Incarnaia, abdomine saturatiore, setis immaculatis, alis elon-
gatis, hyalinis, costa suhrosea, nervuris svbbrunneis. (Exp. Alar. 8§ lin. ;
Long. corp. 3^ lin. ; 1. set. 64 lin.)

Ba. carnea. Curtis, Phil. Mag. 1834. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

'^Ochreous, with a pink tinge; abdomen darker ; filaments twice as long as
the insect, pale, unspotted ; wings elongated, with the costa slightly tinged,
nervures reddish-brown." — Curtis, I. c.

Also found within the metropolitan district, in June and July.

B. Wings faintly reticulated.

Sp. 11. striata. Fusca, abdomine albo maris pellucido,_fce?nintE opaco rufescente,
alis hyalinis, nervuris subfuscis. (Exp. Alar. 4 lin. ; Long. corp. 3 lin.;
1. set. 5 lin.)

Eph. striata. Linne. — Ba. striata. Steph. Catal. 306. No. 3393.

Fuscous : abdomen white, pellucid in the male, opaque and somewhat reddish
in the female ; filaments short, immaculate ; legs lurid ; wings hyaline,
longitudinal nervures rather brownish.

Found occasionally within the metropolitan district, in June.

Sp. 12. bioculata. Ochraceo-lutea, abdominis medio albo diaphano, apice sub-
fusco, pedibus niveis, setis longioribus, albis, fusco punctatis. (EXp. Alar. 6|—
7^ lin.; Long. corp. 34 lin. ; 1. set. 3 lin.)

Mandtbulata, Vol. VI., 15th June, 1836. i

66 MANDIBUI.ATA. NKUROFTERA.

Eph. bioculata. Linnc. — Ba. bioculata. Sie/jh. Caial. 306. No. 3399.

Ochreous-yellow : head with two largish luteous tubercles ; thorax clouded
with brownish ; abdomen with the basal segment brownish ; abdomen
with the basal segment brownish, the four following white and pellucid,
the remainder brownish ; legs white ; filaments also white, faintly spotted
with fuscous, and much longer than the body; wings hyaline, faintly
reticulated.

Pseudimago pale ochreous, legs paler ; wings brownish.

The silence of Linnaeus as to the number of wings possessed by this species is
fair presumption that it has four, as he expressly states " alis duabus"
where there are but two only ; and, as the above insect agrees in the main
with the Linneean definition, I consider his insect to be a Baetis.
Found abundantly near Hertford, in June and July.

Sp. 13. fuscata. Fusca, abdominis medio pedibusque pallidis, setis brevibus.
(Exp. Alar. 6—7 liu. ; Long. corp. 3—34 lin. ; 1. set. 4 lin.)

Eph. fuscata. Linne.—'R-A. fuscata. Steph. Catal. 306. No. 3398.

Fuscous, shining : abdomen with the basal segment fuscous, the four following
- pale or whitish, the remainder fuscous; filaments shorter than the body,
white, immaculate ; legs pale, claws fuscous ; wings hyaline, imma-
culate.
Inhabits the vicinity of London, in June.

Sp. 14. culiciformis. ]\igricans, ahdominefusco, pedibus pallidis, alis immacu-
latis. (Exp. Alar. 6 — 7 lin. ; Long. corp. 3 lin. ; 1. set. 6 lin.)

Eph. culiciformis. Linne. — Ba. culiciformis. Steph. Catal. 306. No. 3397.

Blackish, shining: abdomen fuscous; filaments as long as the body, pale

lurid, immaculate ; legs pale ; wings hyaline.
Pseudimago pale reddish-ochre; wings yellowish-brown.

Not uncommon in the metropolitan district, especially near
Hertford, in June and July.

Sp. 15. horaria? Fusca, abdomine cinerascente, segmentorum marginibus albis,
pedibus pallidis, alis hyalinis, costd nigricante. (Exp. Alar. 6' — 7 lin. ; Long,
corp. 3 lin. ; 1. set. 4 lin.)

Eph. horaria. Linnc. ?— Ba. horaria. Steph. Catal. 306. No. 3396.

Fuscous, shining: abdomen ashy, with the edge of the segments white;

filaments as long as the body, pale ; legs also pale ; wings hyaline, costa

dusky.

Not common : found near Hertford, in July.

Sp. 16. verna. PuUide ferruginea, thorace piceo, ochraceo maculato, setis
pallidis, fusco punciatis, pedibus obscu?-is. (Exp. Alar. 7 — 8 lin. ; Long,
corp. 3| lin. ; L set. 7 lin.)

EPHEMEUID-E. CLOiiON. 67

Ba. vermis. Curtis, Phil. Mag. 1834. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

" Pale ferruginous : head and thorax piceous above, with an ochreous dot on
each side the collar, and several beneath the wings; filaments twice as long
as the insect, pale and dotted; legs dirty ochre; wings (hyaline) with the
costa tinged." — Curtis, I. c.

Taken in May and June, near London.

Sp. 17. autumnalis. Pallide brunnea, thoracis lateribus ochraceis, setis longis-
simis pallidis, pedibus luridis. (Exp. 'Alar. 6 — 7 lin. ; Long. corp. 2 — 2$ lin. ;
J. set. 5| lin.)

Ba. autumnalis. Curtis, Phil. Mag. 1834. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

" Pale castaneows-brown ; margin of eyes and sides of thorax ochreous ; fila-
ments thrice as long as the insect, whitish; legs pale lurid; wings with the
anterior margin slightly tinged. Pseudimago more ochreous." — Curtis, I. c.

Also found near London, in July.

Sp. 18. cingulata. Gracilis,fusca, abdominis segmentorummarginibus pedibusque
posterioribus luridis, alis hyalinis. (Exp. Alar. 7 — 8 lin. ; Long. corp. 3i line ;
1. set. 3|lin.)

Ba. cingulata. Steph. Catal. 306. No. 3401.

Slender, fuscous, shining ; abdomen with the margins of the segments livid ;
filaments pale livid, scarcely so long as the insect, and faintly dotted with
brown ; anterior legs fuscescent, four posterior ones livid ; wings hyaline,
rather narrow.

Taken near Hertford, in June.

Gexus VI.— CLOEON, Leaeh.

Head small, somewhat transverse, hemispherical : eyes moderate, remote,
lateral : thorax ovate, convex, robust : wings two, elongate, rounded at the
apex, with numerous longitudinal nervures, and a few transverse ones ;
posterior pair wanting : abdomen rather long, attenuated to the apex, which

- is furnished with two, more or less elongated, filaments : legs slender,
anterior pair frequently elongated, their femora occasionally thickened:
claws unequal.

-j-Sp. 19. nigra. Nigra, pedibus pallidioribus, alis nigricantibus, posticis minimis

Eph. nigra. Linne. — Ba. nigra. Steph. Catal. 306. No. 3400.

Size of a gnat : black ; legs palish ; wings blackish, posterior ones very

small ; all with the hinder margin somewhat fringed.
A pseudimago, but of what species I am not aware.

I 2

68 MANDIBULATA. KEUROPTEKA.

This genus differs from the preceding one by possessing one pair
of wings only (the anterior), and from the other two genera of this
family by having two filaments only at the apex of the abdomen ; the
wings are generally furnished with but few transverse nervures, and
are mostly of very delicate structure, and the insects are usually of
pale yellowish or ochreous tints.

Sp. 1. dipteriim. Plate xxix. ^. 3. — Pallide I'ltfescente-griseum, segmentoruni
viarginibusj-uscescentibus, alts hyalini's, costajlavescente-brunned, albo marino-'
rata, setis J'usco pundatis. (Exp. Alar. 8 — lOliu. ; Long. corp. 3i — 4 lin.;
1. set. 6—7 lin.)

Eph. diptera. Liiud.—Cl. dipterum. Sieph. Catal. 306. No. 3402.

Pale reddish griseous : the edges of the abdominal segments brownish, fila-
ments as long again as the insect, closely dotted with fuscous ; legs pale
ochreous, anterior femora lurid ; wings hyaline, faintly tinged with yellowish,
costa broadly brownish yellow, marbled with irregular white dots.

Pseudimago ashy-ochreous, with the wings fuscescent and ciliated, the costa
dusky.
Abundant throughout the metropolitan district from the end of

May, and at intervals during the summer : it is, for an insect of this

family, tenacious of life, as I have twice kept individuals alive above

three weeks.

Sp. 2. ochraceum. Pallide ritfo-ochraceum, pedibus pallidioribus, alls kyalinis

costa concolore, setis pallidis fusco subpunctatis. (Exp. Alar. 6 lin. ; Long.

corp. 3 lin.; 1. set. 2 lin.)
CI. ochraceum. Staph. Catal. 307. No. 3403.
Pale reddish-ochreous : eyes dusky ; legs very pale ochreous ; filaments pale,

very faintly, but closely, dotted with pale fuscous ; wings hyaline, costa

concolorous.

Taken near Hertford, in June.

Sp. 3. hyalinatum. Incarnatum, pedibus pallidioribus, alis hyalinis, nervuris
obsoletissimis. (Exp. Alar. 5^— 6§ lin.; Long. corp. 2^—3i lin.; 1. set.
3k lin.)

CI. hyalinatum. Sfeph. Catal. 307. N'o. 3405.

Pale flesh-colour : thorax with two fainter lines ; legs pale flesh-colour ; fila-
ments as long as the insect, whitish, with a tint of red, and faintly dotted
with fuscous ; wings long and narrow, very clear and transparent, colourless ;
nervures extremely faint.

Pseudimago pale ochreous, with the wings above brownish-yellow.

Not uncommon throughout the metropolitan district ; also found
near Dover and in Devonshire, in June and the beginning of July.

tPHKJMERID.F.. CLOblOX. 69

Sp. 4. albipenne? Nigrum, abdominis basi pallido, apice fusco, pedibus pallidis
geniculis nigricantibus ; alis hyalinis. (Exp. Alar. 54 lin. ; Long. corp. 3 lin. ;
I. set. 4 I'm.)

CI. dorsale. Steph. Catal. 307. No. 3406,— Ep. albipennis. Fabricius, E. S.
ii. 70 ?

Black : abdomen pale at the base and diaphanous^ the apex fuscous ; filaments
very long, white, faintly dotted with fuscous ; legs pale, the tips of the
femora dusky ; wings hyaline, coloiuless.

Not uncommon near Hertford, in June, and occasional!)' found in
other parts of the metropolitan district.

Sp. 5. unicolore. Rufescente-ochraceum, pedibus pallidioribus, setis albis imrna-
culatis, alis hyalinis, casta versus apicem brunnescentc. (Exp. Alar. 8 lin. ;
Long. corp. 4 lin. ; 1, set. 4 lin.)

CI. obscurum. Steph. Catal. 307. No. 3404.— CI. unicolore. Curtis, Phil.
Mag. 1834.

Reddish ochre : filaments pale ; legs pale ochreous ; wings hyaline, nervures
reddish ochre; costa pale brown towards the tip.

Taken in June, near Hertford.

Sp. 6. cognatum. Piceo-rufum, abdominis basi pallidiore, pedibus setisque luridis,
his fusco punctatis, alis hyalinis. (Exp. Alar. 9^ lin. ; Long. corp. 4 lin. ;
1. set. 3 lin.)

CI. cognatum. Steph. Catal. 307. N'o. 3407.

Shining pale pitchy-red ; eyes dusky ; abdomen rather palish towards the
base, the apex darker, filaments about the length of the insect, pale livid,
irregularly dotted with fuscous ; wings hyaline, the nervures very pale, the
three costal ones tinted with rose-colour.

Found near London, in June.

Sp. 7. dimidiatum. Casianeo-brunneum. collaris lateribus puncto ochraceo,
pedibus stramineis. (Exp. Alar. 7 — 85 lin. ; Long. corp. 3 — 4 lin.; 1. set.
6—7 lin.)

CI. consobrinum. Steph. Catal. 307. No. 3408. — Ba. dimidiatum. Curtis,
Phil. May. 1834.

Chestnut-brown : collar with an ochreous dot on each side ; abdomen banded
with ochre, especially at the base ; filaments very long, white, more or less
minutely dotted with fuscous and black ; legs pale straw-colour ; wings
hyaline, colourless, with very faint nervures.

Pseudimago ashy- brown, with fainter rings at the base of the abdomen ;
wings pale fuscous, with the costal nervures darker.

Found near London, in June ; at Hertford, Dover, &c.

70 MANDIUULATA. NEUROl'TERA.

Sp. 8. Virgo. Pallidum, oculis nigris,Jemoribus anticis versus apicem obacuris,
alishyalinis. (Exp. Alar. 5 lin. ; Long. corp. 2 lin.; 1. set. 3 lin.)

Eph. Virgo. OZ/w/m— CI. Virgo. Steph. CatalSOI. No.S^QQ.

Pale : eyes black ; filaments longer than the body, immaculate ; legs pale,
anterior pair moderate, their femora obscure towards the apex ; wings
hyaline, colourless.

Inhabits the vicinity of London, in June.

Section III.— LIBELLULINA, Mac Leay.

AntenTKE short, awl-shaped, inserted between the eyes, consisting of from five
to seven joints, the two basal ones mostly largest, the remainder forming a
hair-like style: mouth ample : mandibles powerful, horny, robust, 3-gonate,
more or less dentate: maxillw crustaceous, compressed, strong: headlarge,
hemispheric or transverse: eyes very large : ocelli three, placed triangularly,
or in a straight line : wings equal, or the posterior pair sometimes the largest,
all very thickly reticulated, placed erect (during repose), or extended hori-
zontally: abdomen very long, cylindric, or slightly clavate, sometimes de-
pressed, not furnished with setse at the apex, but in the males with forcipated
or lamellated appendages : legs short, inflexed anteriorly : tibice angulated,
ciliated : tai^si 3-jointed, cylindric. Metamorphosis triple.

This section comprises a race of insects no less distinguished by
their pre-eminent voracity than by their gigantic statvtre ; some of the
species being amongst the largest of the indigenous insects. The
larvae and pupa are aquatic, and somewhat resemble the perfect
insect, except in wanting wings ; they subsist upon other insects, and
are extremely voracious ; their oral organs are in part combined into
a sort of mask, concealing the facC;, and with which they are enabled
to seize their pi'ey with great facility.

They may be divided into the two following families, thus curso-
rily distinguished : —

Ctzpw^ transversum («te erectae) : . . . .1. Agrionid.*.

hemisphjericum (ate horizontaliter extensas) : . • 2. LibellcjliDjS.

Family I.— AGRIONID^, Leach.

Head transverse, much broader than the thorax, not vesicular above : eyes
remote, semiglobose : ocelli placed in a triangle : wings erect, narrow :
. abdomen linear-cylindric, slender, and sometimes very long ; of the males
occasionally with a forcipated appendage at the apex.

The larvse and pupse are long and slender, rather gradually attenuated to the

AGKIONID.E. AGKIOX. ^1

apex of the abdomen^ which is terminated by three broad, somewhat elliptic
plates: the mask is flat, with the upper edge of the mentum in some termi-
nating in a point, or forked in others.

The indigenous species are comprehended in the following genera,
thus distinguished by external characters : —

Alee membranaceiE ; stigmata rhomboidea : . . • 7- Agrion.

oblongo-quadrata : . . .8. Lestes.

coriaceo-membranaceffi, s/i^;wa/a nulla : . . .9. Calepteryx.

Genus VII.— AGRION, Leach.

Wings very narrow, thin and membranaceous, composed of numerous areolets,
the major portion of which are tetragonal and quadrate, the fourth lon-
gitudinal nervure not angulated towards the apex : stigma rhomboidal :
abdomen very slender, linear, its apex in the males not furnished with
forceps, but with from two to six short appendages, of variable form : of the
female simple. Mask of the larva with a single projection on the upper
edge of the mentum.

This genus differs conspicuously from Lestes in the structure of
its wings, and may be readily distinguished therefrom by the following
characters, viz. that the majority of the areolets are 4-angled and
nearly quadrate, there being usually but one, or at the most two,
rows on the hinder margin and apex, that are 5-angular ; the stigma
also is rhomboidal : the species are much smaller than those of the
following gen VIS, the head narrower in proportion, the body more
cylindric and linear, and in the males destitute of forceps ; though
in one species the caudal appendage is curved and somewhat forci-
pated, but that may be known from Lestes by the wings and by
having the posterior tibiae dilated.

A. ^Four posterior tihice not dilated (^caudal appendage of the males not

incurved).
Sp. 1. rubellum. Plate xxix.y. 4. — Rufescens, capite postice et thorace supra
fusco-ceneis, abdoinine maris riibro,fos77iince tiigro, basi rubra, pedibus rubris.
(Long. Corp. 1 unc. 2 — 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 5 — 6 lin.)

Ag. rubellum. Vaader Linden. — kg, rufipes. Steph. Catal. 307. No. 3410.

Head above and behind, and the thorax above, brownish-brass, beneath
reddish or greenish; abdomen bright red, immaculate; legs pale red; wings
with a pale fuscous stigma. Female with the abdomen black, the two basal
and the terminal segments, and a line beneath the others, red.

The wings are sometimes suffused with pale yellow.

Found in June near Brockenhurst, and in other parts of the New

72 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

Forest not uncommonly ; and occasionally within the metropolitan
district.

Sp. 2. xanthopterum. Rubra, macu/d veriicis lined dorsali thoracis abdomineque
supra, segmento antepenultimo excepto, viridi-aneis, alisjlavescentibus. (Long.
Corp. 1 unc. 3§ lin.; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 7 lin.)

Ag. xanthopterum. Sfeph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 113.

Head pale red, with a black transverse streak on the labrum and another on
the clypeus, crown with a large rhombic blackish-green-brassy patch ;
thorax bright pale red, with a narrow dorsal brassy-green streak; abdomen
pale red, the basal segment with an irregular blackish streak above, the
five following brassy-green above, the next wholly red, the remainder brassy
above; legs red, with a brassy streak on the anterior edge of the four
anterior femora and tibiae ; wings pale yellowish, with a fuscescent stigma.

Taken near London, in June.

Sp. 3. elegans. Atro-aneum, puncto rotundo post oculum utrumque, lined longi-
tudinali uirinque in ihorace cceruleis, viridibus autjlavidis, collaris margine
postico in medio cornuto, segmento antepenultimo cceruleo. (Long. corp. 1 unc.
3-4 lin.; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 5—Q^ lin.)

Ag. elegans. Van Linden. — Ag. zonata. Steph. Catal. 307. iVo. 3411.

Brassy-black, bluish beneath; on each side the head, behind the eyes, above,
is a round blue or yellowish spot; thorax with a longitudinal blue line on
each side ; abdomen with the antepenultimate segment blue, the penulti-
mate with two elevated tubercles ; legs pale, black above ; wings white ;
stigma anteriorly pale, posteriorly black. Female with the abdomen
stouter, fuscescent, the antepenultimate segment less evidently blue, or
with two dots only of that colour, and its terminal segment destitute of the
tubercles; wings with a white or bluish stigma; collar, in both sexes, with
the hinder margin reflexed, and armed with a short horn in the middle.

In some examples the thorax is pale reddish or yellowish, with a narrow
dorsal streak of brassy black.
Abundant, during June and July, within the metropolitan

district.

Sp. 4. ezonatum. Fusco-ceneum, suhtus flavidum, thoracis lined utrinque longi-
tudinali lateribusque coeruleis, collaris margine postieo rotundato. (Long,
corp. 1 unc. 2 lin.; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 6 lin.)

Ag. ezonata. Steph. Catal. 307. No. 3412.

Brown-brassy, yellowish beneath; labrum with a transverse black streak;
collar rounded behind ; thorax with a slender blue line on each side, and
the sides themselves also blue, gradually shaded into yellowish ; abdomen
with the base and sides bluish, beneath yellowish; the basal segments

AGRIONID.E. AGRION. 7^

above with an irregular brassy-black streak, thickened posteriorly; legs
pale, femora with a black patch towards the apex anteriorly ; wings white,
stigma pale fuscous.

Also found near London, in June, but rarely.

Sp. 5. Puella. Azureum, nigro-ceneo pictum, collari wneo, undique azureo viar-
ginato et punctis 2-bus ad latera azureis, margine postico profundi lisinuato.
(Long. corp. 15— 16t lin. ; Exp. Alar. 19—20 lin.)

Li. Puella. Linne. — Li. lucifugus. Harris, Exp. pi. xxix. /. 5, 6.'' — Ag. Puella.
Steph. Catal. 307. No. 3413.

Azure, varied with aeneous, paler in the female : collar somewhat quadrate,
deeply bislnuated behind; brassy-black, edged with azure, and with a spot
of the same on each side ; thorax of the male with four broad brassy-black
streaks, nearly united behind, so as to form an azure mark, resembling !,
when viewed laterally ; of the female with narrow brassy streaks, not
united behind; abdomen with brassy-black markings above on a blue
ground, the 2d segment with furcate brassy spots, pointing anteriorly, and
always united behind with the dark margin, beneath all the segments are
whitish-sulphur ; male with six caudal appendages, female with two ; in
this sex the 2d segment bears a trilobate spot ; legs in both sexes blue, with
the outer edge of the femora and inner one of the tibiae black.

Rare in England: it has occurred, in June, near London.

Sp. 6. furcatum. Azureum, ceneo pictum, collari ceneo undique azureo margi-
nato punctisque 2-bus ad latera azureis, margine postico leviter bisinuato.
(Long. Corp. 15i— 16 lin.; Exp. Alar. 18—19 lin.)

Ag. furcatum. Charpentier, Hora Ent. p. 48. — Ag. cingulata. Steph. Catal.
307. No. 3414.

Azure, paler in the female, with brassy markings ; collar nearly quadrate,
slightly bisinuated behind, brassy-black, edged with azure, and a dot of the
same on each side ; thorax nearly as in Ag. Puella, but the azure streaks
broader, and never forming a mark of ! in the males; abdomen above
marked and the segments bordered with brassy-black, the 2d segment with
a horse-shoe shaped brassy spot, opening forwards, angulated behind, and
never united to the margin of the segment ; beneath pale azure ; caudal
appendages four, and two in the female, in which sex the abdomen wants
the azure colour ; legs as in the foregoing species.

Extremely abundant during the summer, within the metropolitan
district : found also in the New Forest, and at Dover, Whittlesea
Mere, &c.

Sp. 7. hastulatum, Azureum, ceneo pictum, collari nigro-ceneo undique azureo
marginato, margine postico recto, in medio perpaidluhim producto. (Exp. Alar,
18—19 lin.; Long. corp. 15^—16 lin.)

iNlANJlIBULATA, VoL. VL, 15X11 JuNE, 18.3(). K

74 MANPIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

Ag. hastulatum. Charpentier, Hora Ent. p. 20. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit,
col. 113.

Azure: face with two transverse black-brassy streaks; crown and occiput
bronzed, the latter with two large spots, square in the male, yellowish in
the female, sometimes united by a faint line ; collar brassy-black, bordered
with azure or yellowish, its hinder margin very slightly produced in the
middle; thorax azure, yellow in the female, the back and a lateral line in
both sexes brassy ; male with the abdomen azure, the 1st segment with a
transverse brassy dot at the base, 2nd with short longitudinal lines of the
same on the sides at the base, and a spear-shaped spot behind ; the 3rd to
6th segments have increasing brassy margins, the two following are wholly
azure, the terminal one black, with the sides azure ; its hinder margin is
deeply cut out, and is furnished with four appendages. Female yellowish,
or greenish, varied with brassy-black, the two basal segments each with a
large spot of this colour, that of the 2nd emitting a lateral twig; the
remaining segments are brassy above, with a short transverse yellow line at
the base of each ; legs whitish, black without.

Found, not commonly, near London, in June.

Sp. 8. annulare. Azureum, aneo pictvm, collari nigro-aneojiavido marginato :
margine postico suhrejlexo et bisinuato, abdomine cingulis Jlavidis. (Long,
corp. 16 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 1 9 lin.)

Ag. annularis. Leach MSS. — Steph. Catal. 307. No. 3415.

Azure, varied with brassy ; face yellowish, with two transverse black streaks ;
crown and occiput brassy-black, the latter with a triangular yellowish spot
on each side ; collar rather short, edged with yellowish, its hinder margin
faintly reflexed and a little varied; thorax brassy-black, with five azure
streaks; abdomen brassy-green, the extremity of each segment with a
yellowish ring ; legs ochreous, with a black line above.

Abundant within the metropoHtan district in June.

Sp. 9. rufescens. Pallide rufa, thorace lineis 3-bus atro-aneis, pedibus riifes-
centibus extus vigris, abdomine maris rufo segmentis nigro marginatis, foemina;
supra ceneo subtus luteo-rufo, pallide mar ginatis. (Long. corp. 15 — 16 lin.;
Exp. Alar. 20—21 lin.)

Ag. rufescens. Leach MSS.— Steph. Catal. 307. No. 3416.

Head reddish, pale beneath ; labrum with a black streak, crown and occiput
black, the latter with two red dots behind the eyes ; thorax pale red, with
a broad brassy-black line in the middle, and a very narrow one on each
side, faintly edged with whitish without; abdomen pale red, each segment
broadly tipped with brassy-black, and the three last segments nearly all of
that colour, the last segment deeply excised; legs pale red, black without;
legs hyaline, stigma pale. Female with the abdomen brassy above, the
sides and beneath reddish, each segment with a narrow pale reddish border.

AGRIONID.E. AGRION. 7^

Not very uncommon, in the neighbourhood of the metropolis, in
June.

Sp. 10. niinium. Sanguineo-minium, atro-wneo pictum, pedibus nigris. (Long.
Corp. 14—17 lin.; Exp. Alar. 20—23 lin.)

Ag. minium. Charpentier, Horce Ent. p. 13. — Ag. sanguinea. Sieph. Catal.
307. iVb. 3417.

Blood-red : head brassy-black above, greenish beneath, reddish in front, with
two black streaks ; eyes red ; thorax brassy-black above, with a red or
luteous streak on each side, the sides themselves luteous^ with two black
stripes ; abdomen with its first segment black, five next red, with the hinder
margin black, 7th red, brassy in the middle, two following brassy, red
at the apex, 10th red, with two brassy dots ; appendage black ; legs black,
coxse luteous. Female with the abdomen having a brassy-black dorsal line
from the base of the 2nd to the tip of the 6th segment, dilated on the apex
of each segment, the three following segments brassy-black, the edge of
the 9th being red.

Extremely abundant throughout the metropolitan district, during
the month of June ; also found in other parts of the country, as at
Dover, in Devonshire, the New Forest, &c.

Sp. 11. fulvipes. Savguineum,nigro-(Eneopictum,pedihusrufo-fulvis. (Long.
Corp. 17 lin. j Exp. Alar. 24 lin.)

Ag. fulvipes. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 113.

Head brassy, front red, with two black streaks ; thorax brassy above, with a
slightly interrupted yellowish-red streak on each side, the sides themselves
and beneath reddish-yellow, with brassy sutures ; abdomen blood-red,
the five basal segments each with two transverse brassy streaks at the
apex, the remainder brassy above, with the sides and apex red ; legs tawny,
red ; wings hyaline, stigma pale red.

Sometimes all but the two basal segments of the abdomen are brassy above.

Taken at Coombe wood, and near Ripley, in June.

Sp. 12. Chloridiou. Supra ceneum, subtus fiavescens, abdomine superne leviter
subtus et in ultimis segmentis totis caruleo pulveratis ; foeminae thoracis dorso
lined picta utrinque abbreviatd puncioque adjacentejiavo. (Long. corp. I62
lin.; Exp. Alar. 23 lin.)

Ag. Chloridion. Charpentier, Horcs Ent. p. 14 — Ag. Lincolniensis. Steph.
Catal. 307. No. 3418.

Head large ; front yellowish, very hairy, mouth black above ; crown brassy-
brown ; eyes very large, anterior yellow, above rusty or red ; collar
unequal, moderately rounded behind, brassy-brown, sides yellow; thorax
brassy above, the sides and space between the wings yellow ; abdomen deep

7^ MANDIBULATA. JJEUROFTERA.

brassy-green above, beneath yellow, slightly dusted with blue, the two
terminal segments wholly blue ; the margins black ; the last segments
deeply excised, furnished with four appendages; legs black, whitish within;
wings hyaline, stigma whitish, black in adults. Female with the eyes
rusty-luteous, the collar with the hinder margin reflexed, and deeply
bisinuated, forming an acute yellow prominence in the middle ; thorax
brassy above, with an interrupted streak on each side, resembling a I in
form, the sides and beneath sulphur-yellow; abdomen brassy, its sides and
below bright yellow, sometimes dusted with whitish ; legs yellow, with a
black streak without.
The adult males have the back of the head, the space between the wings, &c.
more or less dusted with blue.

Found in Lincolnshire, in June.

B. Four posterior tibice dilated (caudal appevdage of the males curved, and
resembling forceps).

Sp. 13. platypoda. Albidum, thorace strigis 5 longitudinalibus Jusco-wneis,
abdomine cceruleo aut lacteo, segmentis atro-aneo marginatis punctisque binis
notatis, tibiis ^ posterioribus dilatatis. (Long. corp. 16 — 17 lin.; Exp. Alar.
22—24 lin.)

Ag. platypoda. Van. Linden, p. 37. — Ag. corea. Steph. Catal. 307. No. 3419.

Head whitish, behind yeHowish or blue, with a streak in front, and a broader
one between the eyes, which are very remote, black ; collar rough ; thorax
whitish or bluish, with a broad central black streak (sometimes divided by
a narrow pale one down the back), and two narrow ones on each side,
somewhat interrupted anteriorly ; abdomen bluish, the 2nd segment with
three black spots, the four next with a longitudinal line, and the rest with
two lines ; the proportions varying in diflferent examples ; legs whitish, the
four hinder tibiae with a broadly dilated white membrane, edged with black
hairs ; wings hyaline, stigma rusty. Female reddish when the male is
blue, and with a black streak on the two basal segments of the abdomen.

Var. /3. Ag. albicans. Leach MSS. — With the abdomen white, each of the
six anterior segments with a double black spot near the tip, and the extreme
edge also black, the remaining segments with two black streaks.

Apparently not very abundant, or rather local, as it occurs some-
what plentifully in Walsham meadows, near Ripley, in July ; also
found in the New Forest and in Devonshire.

Genus VIII.— LESTES, Leach.

Wings narrow, thin and membranaceous, composed of numerous small
areolets, the greater portion of which (especially towards the apex) are
pentagonal, the fourth longitudinal nervure angulated ; stigma oblong,

AGRIOXID.E. LESTES. 77

rather large : abdomen slender, nearly linear, being a little dilated at the
apex, which in the males is furnished with semicircular appendages, of the
female with simple ones ; luings half expanded (as in Smerinthus) during
repose. Mask of the larvas with a double projection on the upper edge of
the nientum.

From Agrion the species of this genus are distinguished witli
facility by the areolets of the wings being more numerous, and by the
greater portion of them towards the apex, especially on the margins,
being either pentagonal or polygonal, rarely quadrangular, the fourth
longitudinal nervure being much angulated in numerous zigzags ;
the stigma is oblong, and the males are distinguished by having the
apex of the abdomen armed with curved forceps ; yet, regardless of
these obvious distinctions, these insects, as well as those of the
preceding genus, were long considered as constituting one species
only, and are thus considered in the latest works of the celebrated
Latreille, although the discrepancies of the two genera were pointed
out by Leach in 1810 ! !

Sp. 1. viridis. Supra lateribusque viridi-ccnea, nitens, suhtusflavescens,pedihus
luteis supra ati'is, stigmate rufo. (Long. corp. 17 — 18 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 20 —
21 lin.)

Ag. viridis. Van. Linden, p. 36. — Le. sponsa. Stcph. Catal. 308. No. 3420.

Head bright brassy-green ; mouth and beneath yellow ; tips of the mandibles
black ; collar brassy-green, with the sides and a dorsal line yellow in the
females ; thorax above bright grassy-green, with three slender longitudinal
yellow lines, the sides and space between the wings luteous-yellow ;
abdomen above and on the sides rich brassy-green, beneath yellowish, the
extreme edge of most of the basal segments also yellowish ; upper caudal
appendage in the male luteous, the tip fuscous ; lower fuscous ; legs luteous,
black above ; wings with a red or fuscescent stigma.

Some examples are of a brighter and richer green than others, while some are
bronzed.
Not uncommon in the New Forest in June and July ; also found

near Wanstead in Essex, and in the vicinity of Ripley, and in

Suffolk.

Sp. 2. Nymplia. Supra lateribusque viridi-wnea, nitens, subtus flavescens,
pedibus rujescentibus supra atris, thoracis lateribus utrinque lined nigra, stig-
mate atro. (Long. corp. 17 — 18 lin.; Exp. Alar. 20 — 21§ lin.)

Le. Nympha. Kirby MSS.—Steph. Catal. 308. No. 3421.
Head bright brassy-green or bronzed above, the mouth and beneath yellowish;
thorax also brassy-green above, with three fine yellowish streaks, the sides

78 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

yellowish, each with a single irregular black streak ; space between the
wings dull luteous ; abdomen above and on the sides brassy-green, beneath
luteous; caudal appendages of the males fuscous, pale at the base; legs
reddish, black above ; wings with a black or fuscous stigma.
Probably a mere variety of the foregoing insect.
Found with the preceding insect.

Sp. 3. forcipula. Supra lateribusque viridi-aenea, nitens, abdomine suhtusjiaves-
cenie, thoracis laterihus maris caruleo pulveratis, foeminae luteis, pedibus atris.
(Long. corp. 18—19 lin.; Exp. Alar. 21—22 lin.)

Ag. forcipula. Charpentier, Horw Ent. p. 6. — Le. auturanalis. Steph. Catal.
308. No. 3492.

Head dull brassy-green, the mouth yellowish; tips of the mandibles black;
collar with a yellowish margin behind ; thorax above dull brassy-green,
with three faint yellowish streaks, the sides and space between the wings
covered with a fine blue bloom, on a dusky ground ; abdomen brassy-green
above, yellowish below, the terminal segments with a blue bloom ; caudal
appendages of the males black, sometimes luteous at the base ; legs black,
occasionally yellowish beneath, especially at the base ; wings with a black
or fuscous stigma. The female has the sides of the thorax luteous, without
the blue gloss.

Found abundantly in some of the marshy districts in the vicinity
of the Thames, especially about Plaistow in Essex ; also taken in
the New Forest, in Devonshire, near Ripley, &c.

Genus IX.— CALEPTERYX, Leach.

Wings coloured, broadlsh, of a coriaceous texture, composed of very numerous
rectangular and polygonal areolets, which are very small and irregular on
the margins ; the longitudinal nervures also numerous and recurved towards
the inner margin at the apex : stigma in the males wholly obliterated, in the
females formed by a curve in the nervure, and thickened : head very broad,
tumid in front, and very pilose : eyes large, globose : collar unequal : thorax
ample, with a strong dorsal ridge : abdomen very long, cylindric, somewhat
linear, a little swollen at the apex, which last, in the males, is furnished
with curved appendages. Mask of larva with a triangular excision at the
tip, terminating in two points.

These insects may be known from those of the two preceding
genera by the greater width of their wings, which are moreover very
thickly reticulated, and composed of very numerous areolets, of
variovis forms, though the majority are rectangular : they are mostly
adorned with bright colours, and in the males wholly destitute of

AGRIONID.E. CALEPTERYX. 79

Stigmata, which mark in the females is indicated by a white patch
in a small wave towards the apex of the second costal nervure : the
abdomen of the male is furnished at its tip with a curved appendage.

Sp. 1. Virgo. Viridi-aut cwruleo-wnea, sericea, ore ventreque nigrisy abdominis
apice subtus luteo ; alls angustioribus. (Long. corp. 21 — 22 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
28—32 lin.)

Le. Virgo. Linne. — Ca. Virgo. Steph. Catal. 308. No. 3423. — Li. splendeo.
Harris, Exp. pi. xxx.f. 4< $, 5 9.

Above of a rich silky-green or brassy-blue, occasionally coppery ; mouth and
under parts deep black ; legs black ; abdomen at its apex beneath luteous,
and sometimes with a faint line of that hue on each side beneath ; anal
appendages black, the lower ones luteous at the base beneath. Wings
variable.

Var. a. Male : wings hyaline, with a broad central transverse bluish-green, or
brownish fascia.

Var. ^. Male : wings deep blue-black, the base hyaline, and apex slightly
fuscescent.

Var. y. Male and female : wings entirely brownish.

Var. S. Female : wings greenish, with a minute whitish stigma, or nearly
immaculate.

Var. e. Female : anterior wings greenish-hyaline, posterior fuscescent ; all with
a white stigma.

The clypeus has sometimes a minute yellow dot ; and in some females a round
spot of the same is found on the front, near each eye.

A common species throughout the metropolitan district, during
the early summer months.

Sp. 2. Ludoviciana. Viridi-aut cceruleo-wnea, sericea, ore ahdominisque apice
subtus luteis, alis subattenuatis. (Long. corp. 22 — 23 lin.; Exp. Alar. 29 — 32
lin.)

Ca. Ludoviciana. Leach MSS. — Steph. Catal. 308. No. 3424.

Above bright silky-green, brassy-blue or coppery ; mouth more or less clear
luteous, or yellowish ; under parts black, except the apex of the abdomen,
which is luteous ; legs black ; anal appendages the same, with the base of
the lower ones yellowish. Wings broadish and long, variable in colour.

Var. a. Male: wings wholly of a rich deep blue-black.

Var. p. Male : wings deep blue-black, with the apex hyaline.

Var. y. Male and female with the wings wholly fuscescent; in the latter sex
with distinct white stigmata.

Also a common species throughout the metropolitan district : found
also in the New Forest and in Devonshire.

80 ilANDlBULAlA. NEUROPTEllA.

Sp. 3. xanthostoma ? Supra viridi-anea, sericea, ore abdomiiiiaque lateribus
luteis, pectore Jlavido picto, alls angustioribus, virescentibus, posticis apice
fuscis. (Long-, corp. 22 lin.; Exp. Alar. 28 lin.)

Ag. xanthostoma. Ckarpentier, H. E. 5 ? — Ca. xanthostoma. Steph. Nomen.
2d edit' Appendix.

Above bright silky brassy-green ; mouth and sides of the abdomen dull
luteous, the three last segments of the latter with a bright testaceous
streak ; appendages and legs black, these last long and slender ; breast
varied with yellowish ; wings narrow, anterior wholly brownish-green,
with greenish nervures, posterior brownish-green, with the apical half
brown, all with a white stigma.

Apparently uncommon : my specimens occurred in the vicinity of
the metropolis in June, I believe at Darenth wood.

Sp. 4. anceps. Supra viridi-aenea, sericea, subtus atra, labro medio, antennaruvi
basi, abdominisque apice subtus flavis, alis latiusculis, areolis numerosissimis
minutissimisque. (Long. corp. 2 unc. ; Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 8 lin.)

Cal. anceps. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Above fine silky brassy-green, beneath black ; middle of the labrum and base
of the antennse bright yellow; tip of the abdomen beneath dull yellow;
appendages fuscous, black at the apex ; legs black ; wings broad, wholly of
an uniform pale brown, with extremely numerous palish nervures, reducing
the areolets to about one-third the size of those in the ordinary species.

It is with some reluctance I give this as a new species, but the extraordinary
neuration of the wings demands such a proceeding.

Found at Coombe wood, in June.

Family II.— LIBELLULIDtE, Leach.

Head hemispheric ; ocelli placed in a line, or in a triangle, on a vesicle : eyes
very large, mosily contiguous, sometimes remote : wings, during repose,
placed horizontally, and rather ample: abdomen cylindric, or clavate,
sometimes depressed, or compressed, rarely thickened in the middle ; of the
males with a forcipated appendage : claws toothed.

The larva; and pupae have the body short, and furnished at its extremity with
five appendages, which form an acute or subtruncate tail; the mask is
arched or flattish, and the upper edge of the anterior terminates in two
serratures, occasionally furnished with a moveable -hook at the tip.

The indigenous species were divided into the following genera by
Leach in 1810 ; but the continental writers do not appear to recog-
nise more than the two largest groups : —

MBELLULID.E.

81

Ocelli* 3>bu8 in linea transversa positis.

Ocnlis supra contiguis : abdomine elongate cylindrico.

•-//w acuminatis ; stigmatibus elonga.tis: . 10. A VAX.
obt IN s ; stiff matibus ohlongis : . . 11. ^shna.
vix contiguis ; afirfomirtc clavatis : . . 12. Cordulegaster.

remotis : 13. Gomphus.

3.bus in triangulo sitis :

Ca;)ife et /Horace metallicis : . . . .14. Cordulia.

baud metallicis : . . .15. Libellula.

Genus X. — ANAX, Leach.

Labium with its midlle lobe transverse, somewhat ovate-quadrate, tumid,
divided by a longitudinal impression into two parts, its apex deeply
emarginate ; lateral lobes not encircling the central one, furnished with a
moveable acuminated process, which rests on the upper edge of the inner
lobe : mandibles with long denticulations : lahrum slightly emarginate : head
eemiglobose, its front very prominent, somewhat acute an ! vesicular : ocelli
placed in a line upon a slight elevation : eyes contiguous : abdomen elongate-
cylindric, its basal segment tumid, third coarctate ; the apex of the male
with three appendages, the lower one truncate, of the female with two
lanceolated ones : wings long, slender, somewhat acute at the apex ; stigma
very long and narrow ; the hinder margin of the posterior pair rounded in
both sexes.

Exclusively of slight variations in the trophi, &c. the only
indigenous species of this beautiful genus differs from Anax in that
both sexes have the hinder margin of the posterior wings rounded
within ; the abdomen is not clavate, and its anal appendages are
long in both sexes.

Sp. 1. formosa. Thorace azureo aut virescente immacvlato, abdotnine striga
dorsali angulosa nigra, pcdibus nigris, basi rufis. (Long. corp. 3 unc. 1 — 2
lin. ; Exp. Alar. 4 unc. — 4 unc. 2 lin.)

.Sshna formosa. Van. Linden 20 — An. Imperator. Steph. Catal. 268.
No. 3455.

Head azure, luteous beneath, mouth fuscous ; eyes green, yellow behind ;
thorax immaculate azure or greenish, dorsal sutures blackish; space
between the wings azure, with black sutures ; abdomen with the basal
segment tumid, third attenuated, the first greenish, the remainder pale
azure, with the margins and a continuous irregular band reaching to the
apex black ; anal appendages fuscous, legs black, femora reddish at the
base; wings hyaline, costal nervures and a few of the transverse ones
yellowish, remainder black ; stigma oblong, fuscous.

Female with the abdomen fuscous at the base, the hinder margin of the firat
Mandibulata, Vol. VI., Juke 1.5th, 1836. l

82 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTEKA.

segment luteous. In my specimens the wings are brownish, with the costal
nervure reddish.

Not uncommon, in June and July, in several parts of the country,
especially in the New Forest; also taken on Wandsworth and
Wimbledon commons, near Hertford and Epping; likewise occa-
sionally at Arno's Grove, near Southgate.

Genus XI.— ^SHNA, Fabricius.

Labium nearly as in Anax, its central lobe not so deeply emarginate on its
margin, and the moveable process at the apex of the two lateral ones longer,
more slender, and acute : labrum tumid, deeply notched : mandibles acutely
dentate: head semiglobose, its front prominent and vesicular : eyes conti-
guous : ocelli placed in a line upon a small linear vesicle : abdomen eloiigate-
cylindric, the basal segment slightly tumid, the third rather coarctate ; the
apex furnished in the males with three appendages, of variable form, the
upper ones elongate, and in the females with two mostly lanceolate : wings
ample, rather obtusely rounded at the apex, stigma generally oblong; the
inner margin of the hinder pair produced into a more or less acute angle in
the males, rounded in the females.

In this genus the males are distinguished from Anax by having
the inner margin of the posterior wings more or less angulated, and
sometimes a little waved in the males, but rounded in the females ;
both sexes differ in having the anal appendages somewhat dissimilar,
and also the trophi : the species are usually of large size : the
abdomen is not clavate in either sex.

fSp. 1. rufescens. Rufa, thorace fasciis utrinque duabus luteis, abdomine nigra
lineato, 2-do segmento macula triangulari baseos luted, alis Jiavescentihus,
membranula accessorid magna, nigricante. (Long. corp. 2 unc. 3 — 7 lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 3 unc. 4 — 8 lin.)

^sh. rufescens. Van. Linden, p. 21.—Ms\\. Dalii. Steph. Catal. 308. No. 3426.
^s. chrysophthalmus. Charpentier, H. E. 33.

Pale red, or lutescent; tip of the mandibles and line on the crown brown;
eyes greenish ; thorax dusky-red, with 2 oblique luteous streaks on each
side, and a yellow raised dot at the base of each wing ; abdomen with the
basal segment immaculate, second with a triangular spot at the base, and
a transverse line on each side luteous ; following to the antepenultimate
with a longitudinal central line, a transverse one anteriorly, and one or more
abbreviated ones behind black, the two succeeding with the longitudinal
one ashy, the last immaculate ; the sides of all with a fuscous dot ; anal
appendages fuscous, upper pair lanceolate ; legs black, rusty at the base ;
wings yellowish, with rusty stigma*

LIBKLLULin.E. ESHKA. 83

Female larger, the yellow triangular spot on the second segment of the abdomen
larger.

This is the only species of this family I do not possess, and
Mr. Newman — to whom I am much indebted for localities of the
Libellulinas — states that it is " not uncommon at Yarmouth." It
likewise occurs at Whittlesea Mere, and at Halvergate, which last is
no great distance, I believe, from Yarmouth.

Sp. 2. grandis. Rufa, thorace fasciis utrinque 2-bus luteis, abdomine maris
macuUs cceruleis luteisque, fceminas luteis, membranula accessorid mediocri,
albida. (Long. corp. 2 unc. 7 — 8 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3 unc. 10 lin. — 4 unc.)

Li. grandis. LinnL — Donovan, x. pi. 337. /. 2. — .^sh. grandis. Steph. Catal
308. No. 3427.

Lutescent or reddish : head rusty, with a fuscous spot on the crown ; wings
bluish ; thorax red, with two oblique bright luteous fascise on each side,
and an elevated blue dot at the base of each wing ; abdomen pale red, basal
segment immaculate, second with a lateral spot at the base on each side,
and two transverse dorsal streaks luteous, with two blue dots behind; six
following with two transverse luteous streaks, and a blue dot on each side
at the base, remainder immaculate; appendages red, lanceolate, pilose
within ; legs red ; wings yellowish, stigma red. Female with the spots on
the abdomen, and the hinder margin of the segments luteous.

Abundant, during the summer and autumn, in the vicinity of
London, especially in Copenhagen-fields and about the Croydon
Canal, at Hertford, Ripley, &c. ; in the New Forest, and in Devon-
shire.

Sp. 3. maculatissima. Fusca, thorace strigis 2-bus dorsalibus et fasciis 3-bus
obliquis in ittroque latere viridi-luteis, abdomine maculatissima. (Long. corp.
2 unc. 9 — 10 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3 unc. 6 — 7 lin.)

Msh. maculatissima. Steph. Catal. 416. No. 3428. — Li. grandis. Donovan,
v.v.pl. 166.

Brown or reddish ; face yellowish-green, mouth brown ; spot on the crown
black ; eyes bright blue-green (brown after death), behind black, with a
white dot; thorax with two broad greenish streaks above, and three
oblique, somewhat confluent, ones on the side, interrupted in the middle ;
behind the dorsal streaks are two transverse spots, and beneath these two
dots, all greenish ; abdomen with a dorsal line, and the edges of each
segment black, the basal segment has a double spot behind, and another on
each side luteous-green, the second an oblong triangular patch, an inter-
rupted transverse streak in the middle, a dorsal spot behind, and others on
the sides, of the same hue ; the next six have a double spot of the same on
each side at the base, two smaller ones before the middle on the back, and

L 2

84 MAXDIBUI-ATA. NEUROPTERA.

two long-er ones on the hinder margin, the 9th and 10th are black at the
base, greenish at the apex, and want the dorsal line ; caudal appendages
fuscous, with a pale streak, the upper pair waved within, mucronated and
incurved, the lower acuminated; legs black; wings transparent, or faintly
yellowish, stigma fuscous. Female differs slightly in the spotting of the
abdomen, and the apical appendage is shorter and lanceolate.
Wings sometimes fuscescent ; especially at the tip, and the legs occasionally
reddish at the base.

A very abundant species throughout the metropolitan district,
during the summer : found also at Leominster, Godalming, Coventry,
&:c. and in Devonshire, the New Forest, and Suffolk.

Sp , -t. Juncea. Fuscescens, thorace supra maculis 2-bus angustis etj'asciis 'habits
lateralibusjlavidis, abdumine maculatissimo, alis hyaJinis membranuld accessoria
nigricantti. (Long. corp. 2 unc. 8 — 9 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3 unc. 2 — 3 lin.)

Li. Juncea. Linne?—Ms\\. J\xnce?^. Sieph. Catal. 309. JV^o. 3429.

Fuscescent or reddish; face luteous ; crown with a black T; thorax with
two narrow yellowish dark streaks, and two broader ones on each side;
abdomen spotted, the intermediate segments each with a double bluish spot
on each side at the base, two at the apex above and two on the disc, towards
the base ; anal appendages fuscous, the lower one acuminated ; legs pale ;
wings fuscescent; accessory membrane dusky.

Probably a variety of the following species, to which it is closely allied.

Rare: found in the vicinity of Whittlesea Mere, in Jv\ly.

Sp. 5. mixta. ViriJescens, ihorace S7ipra maculis 2-bus parvis obsofetis et strigis
2-bus laleribus hiteis, abdoniine maculatissimo, alis hyalinis, stigmate ferru-
gineo, viembranula accessoria cinered antice alba. (Long. corp. 2 unc. 8 — 9
lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3 unc. 2 — 5 lin.)

JEsh. mixta. Latreille. — Steph. Catal. 416. No. 3430. — Li. Coluberculus.
Harris, pi. xxvii-^. 1 $.

Head greenish, above luteous, with a black patch on the forehead ; eyes blue;
thorax fuscous, with two small luteous spots above, and two broad oblique
fasciae on each of the sides; abdomen brown, banded with black, the basal
segment with a yellow spot on each side, second with a small triangular
spot at the base, and a transverse medial line on each side, of the same hue,
posteriorly and on the sides blue, with a luteous spot on each side, and the
hinder margin black, six following with a transverse bluish line on the back^
two spots behind, and two or three on the sides at the base ; anal appendages
fuscous, pilose on the inner edge, and slightly attenuated towards the base,
lower one rusty and acuminated ; legs black, with the base of the femora
red; wings hyaline, stigma rather long and rusty; accessory membrane
ashy, the base white. Female with the eyes greeni.sh, the spots on the

LIBELl-UI.ID/E. ESHNA. 85

abdomen green, the second segment with two dots behind ; wings slightly
yellowish.

Not a common species : taken occasionally, in July, near London,
about Ripley, and at Godalming and Epping.

Sp. 6. affinis. Tlmrace supra hrunneo, macuUs 2-l)Us luteis, laterihus liiteis
nigra lineaiis ; ahdomine fusco macnlis caruleis (mas) aut olivaceo, maculis
luteis (fcemina). (Long. corp. 2 unc. 6 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3 unc. 2 lin.)

^sh. affinis. Van. Linden, p. 24. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Head bluish, with a black patch on the crown resembling the letter T ; mouth
fuscous ; eyes blue ; thorax above brown, with two luteous spots in front,
the sides luteous, with three black lines, the middle one shortest ; abdomen
with the basal segment black, with its sides luteous, and a blue marginal
spot behind, second blue, with an irregular black spot on each side, seven
following blue in front, with a 4-anguiar black dorsal spot, gradually
broader and shorter on the hinder ones, black posteriorly, with four blue
dots, nearly united on the anterior segments, 9th and lOth black, the former
with four, and the latter with two, blue spots; anal appendages fuscous,
upper pair lanceolate ; legs black, anterior femora yellow beneath at the
base ; wings hyaline, stigma rusty. Female with the abdomen olive, the
basal segment with a luteous spot behind, 2nd with an oblong spot in the
middle, a transverse line, and two dots behind also luteous, five next each
with a horizontal and a transverse line black, and two yel'ow dots, three
last black, the 8th with four, 9th with two, and 10th with one luteous spot.

Also a rather uncommon species, or at least apparently so : found
at Deptford, Godalming, near Southgate and Hertford, in July.

Sp. 7. vernalis. Fusca, thorace lineis aut maculis 2-ahns luteis, abdomine maculis
numerosis, cceruleis (mas) aut luteis (fcemina), alis maris hyalinis,fcEmince
Jlavescentibvs, stigmate perlongo, lineari, luteo. (Long. corp. 2 unc. 1 lin.;
Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 9 — 10 lin.)

.^sh. teretiuscula. Leach MSS.— Steph. Catal. 309. iVo. 3431.— ^sh. vernalis.
Fan. Linden. 21.

Fuscous : head luteous, face whitish ; crown behind and two transverse
frontal lines black or fuscous; eyes blue, brown after death ; thorax very
pilose, sometimes reddish, with two dorsal spots, occasionally minute, and
on each side three oblique fasciae, the central one narrowest and interrupted ;
abdomen pilose, the basal segment with a blue spot in the middle, the
seven following with two short transverse blue streaks towards the base,
and two large blue spots on the hinder margin of each, and also with three
blue blotches on each side; the two last segments with two blue spots
above and two on each side; anal appendages elongate, the apex of the
upper pair three-sided, the hiner edge pilose, the lower pair truncate and
short ; legs black ; wings hyaline, stigma ferruginous; accessory membrane

86 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

snow-white. The female has only two small luteous spots on the thorax,
which are sometimes wholly wanting, and the thorax itself is red; the spots
on the abdomen are luteous, and the lower anal appendages are wanting ;
the wings are yellowish, especially at the base and towards the costa: in
one of my specimens they are very bright.

Not very uncommon : found within the metropolitan district in
June at Hertford, Epping, &c. ; also in the New Forest and in
Devonshire.

Genus XII.— CORDULEGASTER, Leach.

Labium with its middle lobe flat, not transverse, somewhat rounded-quadrate,
with a faint longitudinal ridge, its edge with a very deep notch, its lobes
with an acute tooth : lateral lobes moderate, somewhat acuminated at the
apex and furnished with a long moveable process : lahrum tumid, with a
deep marginal notch : mandibles acutely dentate : head semiglobose-trans-
verse : foi'ehead very tumid and pilose : eyes scarcely contiguous : ocelli
placed in a curved transverse line, in a depression : body pilose : abdomen
glabrous, elongate, clavate: its apex in the males furnished with four short
acute appendages ; in the females, with two very long ones : wings rather
short and narrowish, the inner margin of the hinder pair obtusely angulated
in the males, and rounded in the females.

This genus differs from the preceding, not only in having the
abdomen clavate in both sexes, but in the structure of the labium,
the central lobe of which is very deeply notched, with its two lobes
armed with a short acute tooth ; the posterior wings of the male are
strongly angulated on the inner margin, but rounded in the female ;
the anal appendage is very short in the male, but long and acumi-
nated in the female ; again the eyes are scarcely contiguous.

Sp. 1. annulatus. Niger, flavomaculatus, thorace strigis dorsalihus flavis duabus,
iribusgzie vtrinque lateribus media ienuiore, abdomiiie maculis ciugulisque
Jlavis. (Long. corp. 2 unc. 10 lin — 3 unc. ; Exp. Alar. 3 unc. 6 — 8 lin.)

iEsh. annulata. Latreille.— Co. annulatus. Steph. Catal. 309. No. 3432.—
Li. Boltoni. Donovan, v. xii. j^/. 430.

Head yellow, with a black spot on the crown, which has a yellow crest;
mandibles and a transverse line on the face above the labrum black, the
extreme base of the last, and a faint descending medial line also black ; eyes
brown, with a white streak behind ; collar spotted with yellow ; thorax
black, with two oblique yellow dorsal stripes, and three lateral ones, the
intermediate one narrow, and sometimes interrupted ; at the base of each
wing is a yellow dot, and sometimes one on the thorax, between the dorsal
and lateral stripes ; abdomen black, the basal segment with the sides, the

LIBELLULID,*:. GOMPHUS. 87

2d with the base and hinder margin, and the five next with a broad
transverse fascia in the middle, slightly interrupted down the back, and two
narrow lunate spots on the margia yellow, or luteous, the two last segments
black, with a small yellow dot on the lateral base of the peniilumate ; anal
appendages black; legs black ; wings hyaline, or slightly fuscescent, stigma
black. Female similar, excepting in the anal appendages and form of the
posterior wings.

Widely distributed, though rarely found within the metropolitan
district : it has occurred, in July, near Godalming, and in abundance
in the New Forest ; also at Worcester, Colebrook Dale, in Devon-
shire, Somerset, Cornwall, Yorkshire, amongst the lakes in the north
of England, and near Edinburgh, and Loch Lomond, and Loch
Katrine.

Genus XIIL— GOMPHUS, Leach.

Labium with its central lobe transverse-subquadrate, the upper margin curved
and entire, its lateral lobes small, somewhat ovate, armed at the apex with
a long moveable process: labrum slightly emarginate : mandibles deeply
toothed : head pilose,^somewhat semiglobose-transrerse, front tumid ; ei/es
remote : ocelli placed in a curved line : collar distinct : thorax and base of
the abdomen pilose, the latter with the 3rd segment attenuated, its apex
clavate, and furnished in the males with four short appendages, and two
processes in the females : wings moderate, rather acute at the apex, the
hinder pair in the males with a deep notch and acute angle, in the females
rounded : accessory membrane, in both sexes, minute.

The remote eyes of the insects of this genus at once point out a
ready distinction from the other genera of this family, exclusively of
which the abdomen is clavate, furnished with rather short anal pro-
cesses in both sexes ; the posterior wings angulated on the inner
margin in the males, but rounded in the females ; the middle lobe of
the labium has its upper edge entire, and the species are mostly of
small size.

Sp. 1. forcipatus? Thor ace nigro, character ibusjlavis, abdomine nigra , lined
dorsali tenui, ultima 3-id segmentd abdominalid non attingente, maculisque
later alibus Jlavis, appendicibus pedibusque atris. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 9 — lOj
lin. ; Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 5 — 6 lln.)

Li. forcipata. Linne? — Donovan, v. xii. pi. 423. — Go. vulgatissimus. Steph.

Catal. 309. No. 3433.
Front yellow, with three transverse black streaks, dilated in the middle, and
.rarely confluent; eyes cinereous ; thorax yellow, with six black lines above,

88 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTEUA.

two being dorsal j and two on each side in pairs ; abdomen black above, the
basal segment with a triangular blotch, the 2d with a trilobed spot, and the
five next with a narrow line, yellow, the three terminal segments silky-black
above ; on the sides all are spotted with yellow, and the 1st, 2d, and penul-
timate segments are entirely yellow ; caudal appendages black, upper pair
straight, with the apex mucronated, lower somewhat curved; legs wholly
black, or with a small yellow dot at the base of the anterior femora ; wings
hyaline, stigma livid ; anal angle deeply notched. Female similarly
coloured ; caudal appendages very short.

Taken occasionally at Coombe wood, in July and August, and in
the vicinity of Dartford, and other places within the metropolitan
district ; also at Dinraore Hill, Herefordshire, but rarely in this
locality.

Sp. 2. flavipes. Plate xxx. f. 1. — Thorace nigro, characteribus Jlavis, ahdomine
nigro, lined dor salt tenui usque ad uUimiim segmentum abdominale ductd, macu-
lisque lateribus Jlavis, appendicibus nigris hasi Jlavis, pedibus Jlavis, nigro
lineatis. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 10 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 6 lin.)

.^sch. flavipes. Charpentier, Horce Ent. p. 24.— Go. pulchellus. Sieph. Catal.
309. A^o. 3434.

Front yellow, with a single transverse black line ; eyes ashy ; thorax greenish-
yellow, with three nearly equidistant black streaks, on each side of which
the two inner ones are united anteriorly, and all posteriorly,leaving a greenish
mark on the back resembling a Roman T, and two oval patches on the disc ;
abdomen black, the sides with a nearly continuous yellow streak, and the
back of all but the last segment with a yellow line ; the 7th to 9ih segments
have a narrow yellow edge, and the 10th is black, with a minute yellow
spot at the base ; caudal appendages alike, and equally diverging, the
upper pair gradually tapering to an acute point, all black with the base
yellow ; legs yellow, above black ; wings hyaline, stigma rather long and
fuscous, anal angle slightly waved.

The only example of this beautiful insect I have hitherto seen I
captured about three miles west of Hastings, on the 5th of August,
1818.

Genus XIV.— CORDULIA, Leach.

Labium tumid, its middle lobe small, transverse-semicircular, the lateral
lobes ample, transverse-quadrate, surrounding the central one, and notched
at the base of the inner edge : labrum with a slight notch on its margin :
head large, semiglobose: forehead much swollen, and vesicular : eyes conti-
guous in front : ocelli three, placed in a triangle on a small vesicle : thorax
pilose : bodi/ metallic ; abdomen somewhat clavate ; anal appendages of the

-P/xcr.

■T.O.Westwood.DiL.

Z'^'dcn.r^MUh^d lyXFSt^hsns.lUcl. 1334

"■ E .VTiiffseafi'

I.IBEI.LUI.ID.K. CORDULTA. 89

males rather short : wings moderate, posterior pair of the male with the
inner margin angulated, of the female rounded ; stigma rather short.

The beautiful insects comprised in this genus, or at least the
indigenous species thereof, may be known from Libellula by having
the prevalent colour of a rich metallic hue ; they differ in the form
both of the labium and labrum, and in other minor particulars ; the
males have the hinder wings angulated on the inner margin, and the
females rounded : these insects, as well as the Libellulae, are distin-
guished from all the foregoing genera of this family by having the
intermediate lamella of the labium small, and surrounded by the
lateral ones.

Sp. 1. aenea. Viridi-osnea, nitida, abdominis basl suhtus luteo, stigmate atro
vel fuscOy appendice anali inferiori maris bifurcatd. (Long. corp. 1 unc.
10—11 lin.; Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 8—9 lin.)

Li. aenea. Linnc. — Donovan, v. xii. pi. 415. — Cor. aenea. Steph. Catal. 309.
No. 3435.

Brassy-green and shining : mouth fuscous, labium luteous ; eyes green ;
thorax with a pale reddish pile ; abdomen above brassy-green, the sides at
the base and margin of the 2nd segment dull tawny ; anal appendages
brassy, upper pair somewhat cylindric, lower deeply bifurcate, the apex
of each notched ; legs black; wings hyaline, the extreme base sometimes
orange; stigma black or fuscous, rarely ferruginous. Female with the
margin of the 2nd abdominal segment luteous, the anal appendages short,
and the wings sometimes flavescent.

Not very uncommon in several places within the metropolitan
district towards the end of May or the beginning of June : I have
seen it in plenty in Woodford in Essex, and it also occurs at Epping,
and near Godalming, rather abundantly.

Sp. 2. metallica. Viridi-oenea, nitida, abdominis medio incrassato, appendicibus
analibus maris simplicibus acuminatis, alis lutescentibns, stigmate luteo.
(Long. corp. 1 unc. 11 lin.; Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 9 — 10 lin.)

Li. metallica. Van. Linden, p. 18. — Cor. metallica. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit,
col. 114.

Brassy-green, shining; head with a curved frontal fascia, the labium and
base of the labrum luteous; eyes green, reddish above; thorax with a red
down ; abdomen with the edge of the 2nd segment, a dot on each side and
a lateral stripe, and with a spot on each side of the base of the 3rd, luteous ;
anal appendages short, acute, lower pair shortest and triangular ; legs
black, anterior femora luteous at the base ; wings lutescent, stigma luteous.
Female with the hinder and lateral margins, and a dot on each side of the

Mandibui.ata, Voi,. VI., 1.5th Junk, 1836. m

90 MANDIBUr.ATA. NEUROPTKUA,

two basal segments of the abdomen luteous, the antepenultimate one beneath
with an acuminate process.

Rare in England: it has been found within the metropolitan
district in June.

Sp. 3. Curtisii. JEneo-viridis, nitida, abdumine compresso, lined interrupta
dorsal i hitec't, appendicibus analibus maris super ioribus incurvatis, pilosis,
inj'erioribus brevibus emarginatis. (Long. corp. 2 unc. — 2 unc. 14 lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 2 unc. 10 lin. — 3 unc.)

Co. Curtisii. Bale {Loudon's Mag. v. vi. p. 180.) — Cor. coni|)ressa. Steph.
Catal. 309. No. 3436.

Brassy-green, shining ; mouth below and streak on the labrum luteous; eyes
greenish ; thorax clothed with pale down, its extreme apex and two inde-
terminate spots towards the base of the wings reddish; abdomen clavate,
the two basal segments with a narrow luteous streak, the 3rd to the 7th
with an interrupted dorsal line, and the 8th with a spot at the base luteous,
9th immaculate, 10th with a luteous patch; anal appendages moderate,
upper pair pilose and incurved, lower pair shorter, emarginate ; legs black;
wings hyaline. Female of a brighter green, the abdomen compressed and
carinated, the dorsal streak broader, and the margins of the 3rd, 4th, and
5th segments luteous ; wings flavescent, with a black stigma.

I believe the only locality for this insect to be the New Forest, in
the vicinity of Brockenhurst, where it occurs in June and July.

Genus XV.— LI BEL LU LA Auctorum.

Labium tumid, its middle lobe small, transverse-semicircular, faintly produced
in the middle, lateral lobes very ample, transverse-quadrate, truncate at
the apex, and surrounding the inner lobe; labrum entire : head large, semi-
globose ; forehead vesicular and pilose : eyes contiguous, or nearly so, in
front : ocelli three, placed in a triangle on a distinct vesicle : thorax ample,
pilose : body not metallic : abdomen of variable form, rarely clavate, its
anal appendages moderate, or short : wings ample ; posterior pair rounded
on the nmer margin in both sexes ; stigma generally oblong.

As mentioned under Cordulia, this genus differs in the form of the
labium and labrum, and in general by having the abdomen more or
less depressed, rarely clavate ; the posterior wings are rounded on
the inner margin in both sexes : the genus probably requires sub-
division, for the insects belonging to section D. differ considerably
from the others, both in size and in general form.

A

LIUELLULID.E. HBELLULA. 91

A. Abdomen depressed and dilated: — Platethum, Newman.
Sp. 1. depressa. Abdoinine lato, depresso, maculis lateralibus hdeis, alls anticis
macula oblongd baseos posticis 3-angulari Juscis, membramdd accessor ia alba.
(Long. corp. 1 unc. 8 — 9 lin.; Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 10 lin. — 3 unc.)

Li. depressa. Linne. — Donovan, v. i. p. xxW. 9 . v. iii. pi. 81. $ . — Stepk. Catal.
310. No. 3445.

Head fuscous; thorax reddish-brown, palest above, with two longitudinal
whitish streaks ; abdomen frequently blue above, sometimes brown or
testaceous, more or less of the intermediate segments with a rounded yellow
spot on the sides ; anal appendages small and black ; wings hyaline, stigma
black ; anterior pair with an oblong fuscous spot, veined with deep tawny ;
posterior pair with a similar spot of a triangular form ; accessory membrane
white ; legs black ; femora red. Female with the thoracic streaks lutescent,
the abdomen generally of an olivaceous tinge, with most of the segments
bearing a luteous spot on the sides, and the three last with a black dorsal
line.

Very abundant, throughout the metropolitan district, from the end
of May ; taken also in the New Forest and near Dover ; in Devon-
shire, Cambridgeshire, Norfolk, Suffolk, &c.

Sp. 2. conspurcata. Abdomine depresso, supra ccerulescente (mas), aut riifo,
stigma dorsali nigra (foemina), alis omnibus strigd marginali Jlava, posticis
lined et macula 3-angulari baseos Jtiscis, membranuld accessor id nigricante.
(Long. corp. 1 unc. 7 — 8 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 7 — 9 lin.)

Li. conspurcata. Fabricius. — Sowerby, Brit. Mis. v. i. pi. 46. — Steph. Catal.
309. No. 3443.

Head and thorax fuscous ; abdomen above bluish, with the base and apex
fuscous ; anal appendages curved ; legs black ; wings hyaline, with an
indeterminate yellow or pale orange streak from the base to beyond the
middle, tip fuscous ; stigma black ; the anterior have a faint line at the
base, the posterior a similar line and a triangular blotch fuscous, the latter
is reticulated with bright tawny; accessory membrane dusky. Female pale
rufous, the abdomen with a black dorsal line from the 4th to the 9th seg-
ments, increasing in width on the hinder margin of each segment; legs black,
femora red.

The wings have sometimes a large blackish spot at the extreme tip, and at
others are wholly destitute thereof, and intermediate grades occur : in some
examples the wings are almost entirely yellow.

Found, though not very commonly, in the marshes about Ber-
mondsey and Deptford, in June, but abundant in the neighbourhood
of Norwich.

Ji 2

92 MAXDIBULATA. NEUKOPTEltA.

B. Abdomen conical and pointed : — Leptktki/m, Newman.
Sp. 3. quadrimaculata. Rufa, abdomine apice kite nigra, alts basi croceis
omnibus macula cubitali et stigmute nigris, posticis macula S-angulari baseos
fused, membranula accessoria alba. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 10 — 11 lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 2 unc. 10 lin. — 3 unc.)

Li. 4-maculata. Linne.— Donovan , v. xi. p. 4:07.— Steph. Catul. 310. No. 344.4.

Head lutescent, with a streak in front adjoining the eyes, and the edge of the
labrum black; eyes fuscous, greenish beneath ; thorax above dull red, with
two irregular approximating black streaks on the sides, which last are
luteous; abdomen also dull red or flavescent; the basal segment, the apex
of the 5th, and the remainder black, the 4th to the 8th with a luteous spot
on each side; anal appendages black, upper pair clavate, lower acute; legs
black; wings hyaline, saffron-coloured at the base, with a spot in the
middle of the costa, and the stigma black or fuscous, the hinder pair with a
large somewhat triangular fuscous patch, reticulated with yellow.

The costal spot varies in size, and is sometimes a little ocellated, and at others
nearly wanting.

Found at Muswell Hill, not uncommonly, in June and July, and
abundant near Godalming and Epping; also at Whittlesea Mere,
&c.

Sp. 4. prsenubila. JRuJb-fmca, abdominis lateribus luteo maculatis, alis omnibus
strigd abbreviatd crocea nebulisque duabus costavi attingeniibus, posticis macula
magna S-angulari fused J membranula accessoria albida. (Long. corp. 1 unc.
11 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3 unc. 1—2 lin.)

Li. prsenubila. Ent. Mag. (^Newman) v. i. p. 416. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit.
Appendix.

Head brown, with two yellow spots behind the eyes; abdomen brown,
slightly attenuated, the five or six intermediate segments with a luteous
spot on each side ; wings as in Li. 4-maculata, but the central spot is sur-
rounded by a brown cloud, and from the stigma a transverse fascia of the
same colour extends sometimes completely across the wings, at others but a
short distance, and at times nearly obliterated ; legs black.

Whether this be really a distinct species I am not prepared to affirm ; but its
characters appear sufficiently distinct to constitute one ; it is rather larger,
and its abdomen is less pilose and broader at its extremity than in Li. 4-ma-
culata, of which it is generally considered to be a variety.

Abundant about Epping and Godalming ; also taken in Burwash
fen. Cambridgeshire, in the beginning of July.

C Abdomen laterally parallel : — Orthetrum, Newman.
Sp. 5. bimaculata? Testacea, nigro maculata,alisflavescentibus, ad marginem

LIBKLLULIDE. LIBKLI.ULA. 93

crassiorem fulvescentihus, posticis baseos macuLt magna J'usca. (Long. corp.
2 unc. 3 — 4 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3 unc. 2—3 lin.)

Li. bimaculata. Charpeniier, Hora Eni.p. 45 ? — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 115.

Head fulvous ; mouth flavescent, dusky above ; thorax dull testaceous, with
dusky streaks and clouds; abdomen testaceous, with a broad irregular
fuscous stripe down the back ; anal appendages black, lower one short and
emarginate, of the female somewhat cylindric and divergent ; legs black,
with the base of the femora fulvous ; wings yellowish, with a pale tawny
streak from the base to beyond the middle, the posterior pair with a large
triangular fuscous spot, with saffron nervures at the base ; stigma black.

The anterior wings have sometimes two longitudinal fuscous streaks at the
base.

Taken in the neighbourhood of Whittlesea Mere, in June.

Sp. 6. cancellata. Abdomine supra cinereo-carulescens, apice nigro (mas), aut
olivaceo strigd utrinque longitudinali nigra (foemina) ; alis hyalinis, stigmate
nigro. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 10 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3 unc. 1 — 2 lin.)

Li. cancellata. Linne. — Donovan, v. xiv. pi. 472. — Steph. Catal. 309. No. 3442.

Head ashy; mouth brown ; eyes green ; thorax olivaceous above, with two short
black humeral streaks on both sides, the sides pale, with an olivaceous oblique
line, edged with two black ones ; breast dusted with whitish ; abdomen
depressed, gibbous at the base, ashy-blue, with the sides at the base, the
tip of the 6th segment, and the remainder black ; 3rd with a transverse line,
and also, with the four next, a dorsal black line ; beneath the 3rd to 6th
segments have two oblong pale spots ; anal appendages black, with an ashy
tip, lower pair acute; legs black; wings hyaline ; stigma black; accessory
membrane fuscous. Female olivaceous ; thorax with two abbreviated dorsal
streaks, and another on each side black ; abdomen with the margins of the
segments, and an irregular longitudinal line on each side, composed of dark
streaks, black ; legs black ; femora red, with a black line.

The male has sometimes a luteous spot on each side of each intermediate
abdominal segment ; and the lateral line on the abdomen of the female is
occasionally very broad.

Not uncommon in the marshes in the vicinity of Crayford and
Dartford, in June ; and abundant in the neighbourhood of the
Croydon Canal, near Oak-of-honour wood, Peckham.

Sp. 7. caerulescens. Cinereo-fusca abdomine caerulescente (mas) aut rufescens
(foemina), thorace strigis 2-bvs pallidis, alis hyalinis, stigmate fusco aut
hrunneo, membranula accessoria alba. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 4 — 6§ lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 2 unc. 3 — 7 lin.)

Li. caerulescens. Fabricius, Supp. 285. — Li. Donovani. Leach. — Steph. CataL
309. No. 3441 — Li. bigultata. Donovan^ v. xiii. ;?/. 449.

94 MANDIUULATA. KEUROI'TERA.

Faceluteous; eyes greenish; thorax ashy-brown or bluish, with two pale
dorsal streaks ; abdomen somewhat depressed, with a longitudinal dorsal
line, a transverse one on the 2nd and 3rd segments, and a double posterior
spot from the 3rd to the 8th inclusive, and all the margins, black ; beneath
and base of the femora olivaceous, rest of the legs black ; wings hyaline,
stigma fuscous or brown ; accessory membrane white. Female reddish,
with the thoracic and abdominal markings as in the male, but the abdomen
lias often in addition an indistinct longitudinal streak on each side.

Both sexes are sometimes found reddish, with the legs pale ; probably imma-
ture ; the whigs are occasionally yellowish, with a pale luteous stigma, or
slightly fuscescent, with a black stigma in the male.

Found, not uncommonly, within the metropohtan district, in June,
particularly in the vicinity of Godalming ; found also in the west of
England.

D. ^Momera laterally compressed : — Sympetrum, Newman.

Sp. 8. Scotica. Alarum stigmate pedibusque nigris : mas purpu7~eo-nigra,
mnculis Jiavis, alls hyalinis ; fcemina olivacea, maculis Jlavis, subtus nigra;
alls hyalinis basi Jlavis. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 1 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 6 — 7
lin.)

Li. Scotica. Leach. — Donovan, v. xv. pi. 523. — Steph. Catal. 309. JVo. 3440.

Head purplish-black ; sides of the labium and lower part of the face yellow ;
eyes greenish ; thorax purplish-black, with two oblique yellow stripes on
the sides, and some spots of the same hue ; abdomen purplish-black, with
some irregular spots at the base, and one on each side at the base of the 8th
and 9th segments dull yellow; legs black; wings hyaline, with a black
stigma. Female olivaceous, or reddish ; head yellow, with a black patch
in the middle of the labium and another on the forehead ; thorax marked
with yellow as in the male ; abdomen with the lower half and the 8th and
9th segments black, the latter each with two yellow spots at the base, as in
the male ; wings hyaline, slightly stained with saffron at the base, especially
the posterior pair.

The legs are occasionally pale, with a black streak above.

Not uncommon in the north of England, but very abundant in
Scotland ; found in the neighbourhood of New Lanark in plenty ;
also in the Isle of Arran, &c.

Sp. 9. pallidistigma. Alarum stigmate pallido ; Jlavescens, thoracis lateribus
nigro Jlavoque mixtis, abdomine supra rufescens, subtus nigra, pedibus pallide-
rujis extits nigro lineatis : foemina alis basi Jlavescentibus. (^Long. corp.
1 unc. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 10 lin.)

Li. pallidistigma. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Head ycllowisli, with tiic face yellow and a black frontal line ; eyes pale

LIBEI.I.OLIU.K. LIBKLT.ULA. 95

greenish ; thorax lutescent, with a fuscous dorsal line, and the sides with
irregular yellow streaks, and black zigzag lines ; abdomen yellowish, the
lower half of each segment black, the 8th and 9th black, with a yellow spot,
the margins of all with a fine black line ; legs pale red, black exteriorly ;
wings hyaline, those of the female, especially the hinder pair, yellowish at
the base : stigma rather long, pale brown in the male, yellow in the female.

Taken in the New Forest, in June.

Sp. 10. rufostigma. Alis sordide kyalinis bast croceis, stigmate rufo, pedibus
nigris : maris corpore rufo; foeminae olivaceo lined dorsali nigra. (Long.
Corp. 1 unc. 4—5 lin.; Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 10 lin. — 2 unc.)

Li. rufostigma. Ent. Mag, (Newman) v. i. p. 512. — Stepk. Nomen. 2d edit.
Appendix.

Male fine yellowish-red ; sides of the thorax yellowish, with irregular oblique
black streaks ; abdomen with a blackish line beneath ; legs black, the
anterior femora sometimes yellowish at the base ; wings hyaline, stained
throughout with brown, with a saffron-coloured spot at the base, largest on
the posterior pair ; stigma red, brightest in the males. Female differs in
being olivaceous, the sides of the thorax of a brighter yellow, varied with
oblique black lines; abdomen with the three or four terminal segments
having a black dorsal line, and the sides of the others occasionally blackish.

Abundant in various places within the metropolitan district, in the
summer and beginning of autumn, especially at Birch wood, Coombe
&c. Found also in the New Forest and in Devonshire.

Sp. 11. angustipennis. Olivucea, alis hyalinis basi croceis, stigmate at/ o, pedibus
nigris, femorum basi litteis, thoracis lateribvs JIavis nigro lineatis. (Long,
corp. 1 unc. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 1 lin.)

Li. angustipennis. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Face yellow ; forehead with a dusky streak ; eyes greenish ; thorax olivaceous,
the sides yellow, with oblique irregular black lines, the disc with a black T;
abdomen olivaceous, the terminal segments with a faint oblique black streak
on each, and the three last with a black dorsal line ; legs black, with the
base of all the femora luteous ; wings long and narrow, perfectly hyaline,
the base of each with an irregular safFron-coIoured patch ; stigma deep
black.

Found in June, near London.

Sp. 12. vulgata. Mas rufescens : foemina olivacea, alis sordide hyalinis basi vix
croceis, stigmate infumato,femoribus tibiisque JIavis, lineis nigris, tar sis nigris-
(Long. corp. 1 unc. 4 — 7§ lin.; Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 1 — 4 lin.)

Li. vulgata. Linne. — Donovan, v. x. pi. 337 Steph. Catal. 309. No. 3437.

Male dull red ; thorax yellowish on the sides, with irregular oblique black

96 MAXDTBULATA. NEUI!0?TEUA.

lines ; abdomen with a slender black line on each side, some faint dots of the
same towards the hinder margin of each of some of the posterior segments,
and two dorsal spots at the base of the 8th and 9th segments ; legs yellow,
with slender black lines; tarsi black ; wings hyaline, sometimes deeply
stained with fuscous, the base concolorous, or very faintly tinged, especially
the females, with yellowish; stigma smoky-brown, or pale red, sometimes
yellow. Female olivaceous ; thorax as in the male ; abdomen with an
interrupted black streak on the sides, and sometimes a dorsal stripe of the
same on the 8th and 9th segments.
The wings are sometimes deeply suffused with brown; at others perfectly
hyaline.

Very abundant, throughout the metropolitan district, in July and
August ; taken also near Dover, in the New Forest, Devonshire, &c.

Sp. 13. basalis. Flavescens, alis basi et marginibus costalibus croceo tenuitcr
svjffusis, stigmate suhinfuscato, pedibus nigris, femoribus anticis subtus
Jlavis. (Long. corp. 1 unc. 3 — 4 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 11 lin. — 2 unc.
1 lin.)

Li. basalis. Steph. Catal. 309. No. 3439.

Dull yellow ; thorax of an olivaceous tint, its sides of a brightish yellow, with
irregular oblique black lines ; abdomen with a faint black dorsal line, and on
the posterior segments a distinct lateral one, composed of irregular black
spots; legs black, the anterior femora beneath yellow, their coxse and tro-
chanters pale straw-colour ; wings hyaline, stained with pale safFron-colour
at the base and along the costal margin, especially the hinder pair; stigma
pale smoke-coloured, or flavescent.

Found, in June and July, at Colney Hatch, apparently not very
common ; also at Deptford once.

Sp. 14. flaveola. Flavescens, pedibus nigris, extusjlavo lineatis, alis hyalinis aut
Jiavescentibus basi, posticarum prasertim, laete croceis, stigmate Jlavo. (Long.
Corp. 1 unc. 4 — 5 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 2 unc— 2 unc. 3 lin.)

Li. flaveola. LinnL— Steph. Catal. 309. No. 3437.

Reddish-yellow ; thorax of a brighter hue on the sides, especially beneath, and
faintly streaked with black; abdomen black beneath and on the lower part
of the sides, the base of the 1st segment also black ; legs black, with a yellow-
line externally on the femora and tibite; tarsi black; wings hyaline, or
slightly yellowish, anterior with a safFron-coIoured blotch at the base, and
in the females with another near the centre of the upper margin ; posterior
wings with a large blotch of the same colour at the base, extending com-
pletely across the wing, and occupying above one quarter of the surface ;
stigma opaque straw-coloured, or brownish.

Rare near London ; more abundant in Scotland ; it also occurs
near Whittlesea Mere.

TERMITINA. MYRMELKONID/E. 97

Section IV.— TERMITINA, Mac Leay.

AntenncB long- and filiform^ or setaceous, sometimes moniliform, composed of
numerous joints, the basal one largest, occasionally clavate : mandibles
dentate : head transverse ; forehead, or clypeus, sometimes tumid : eyes more
or less prominent, semiglobose and lateral : thorax with its aviterior segment,
or co/Zar, generally long, occasionally very long ; its other segments variable :
wings in the typical genera nearly alike, with two central approximating
longitudinal nervures, the costal portion usually with numerous transverse
nervures, which are occasionally bifid, and sometimes united by longitudinal
ones, the other portions mostly with numerous longitudinal nervures,
more or less united by transverse ones placed obliquely; in the other
genera the two pair of wings are dissimilar, with four very distinct
irregularly waved longitudinal nervures, and occasionally one or two
transverse ones : abdomen long and slender, in one genus furnished at the
apex, of the females, with an elongated, curved, ovipositor : legs simple :
tarsi with 5, or 4, joints.

The insects included in this section — which may be divided into
families by the few external characters given below — although con-
siderably diversified in appearance, appear to agree sufficiently to
form one group, discrepant from the other Neuroptera ; but they
are evidently divisible into two subordinate groups, the Psocidae
differing from the others in the shorter neck, swollen forehead, and
singularly nerved wings, the hinder pair of which are in general
much smaller than the anterior ; and sometimes all the wings are
wanting.

Tarsi articulis 4 ; collum valde elongatum : . . .4. Raphidiid^.
5 ; collum subelongatum, aut breve :

Anten7ics cla.va.tm I . . . . .1. MyrmeleoniDjE.

baud clavatae :

-4 te plus minus reticulate: . . .2. Hemerobid^.

venosae, vix reticulate : . . .3. PsociDjE.

Family I.— MYRMELEONIDtE, Leach.

Antennae thicker towards the extremities, inserted between the eyes, many-
jointed, the tip compressed: palpi six : body elongate : head transverse: eyes
semiglobose, prominent : ocelli wanting : thorax elongate, somewhat
cylindric-ovate : collar narrow, small ; mesothorax ample : ivings equal,
open, deflexed, nervose, somewhat elongate-trigonate, costa straight, inner
margin curved : abdomen cylindric, apex of the males biappendiculate : legs
short, stoutish : tarsi 5-jointed, the first and last joints longest : claws two,

Mandibulata, Vol. VI., June 15th, 1836. n

98 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

Family II.— HEMEROBID^, Leach.

AntennoB filiform or setaceous, inserted between the eyes, elongate, composed of
very numerous and very short articulations, the basal one being stoutest;
palpi four, maxillary longest, 5-jointed; labial 3-articulate : hodij elongate,
soft: head trigonate, inflexed vertically: eyes prominent, semiglobose ;
forehead elevated: wings equal, ample, deflexed, very much reticulated,
costa distinct: abdomen elongate, compressed, subcylindric, somewhat
falcate : legs slender : tarsi short, 5-jointed, articulations entire : claws two,
small.

The insects of this family, or at least their larvae, have been called
Aphis-Lions^ from preying upon Aphidas : they are, in general
appearance, much allied to those of the preceding family, but are
rather more elongate ; they do not, however, conceal themselves in a
sandy pit, but clothe themselves with the skins of their prey, and hide

strong, elongate, acute. Larva terrestrial ; mandibles very stout and
porrect, armed within with strong teeth; abdomen large, acute: pupa fol-
liculate and quiescent.
The type of this family having been introduced by error into the British list,
it is necessary for me to notice it : the only genus that has been thus intro-
duced is

Genus XVI.— MYRMELEON, Auctorum.

Antennae gradually thickened towards the extremities, curved, not longer than
the thorax, the articulations transverse ; club ovate, furnished at its apex
with a small hook: labial palpi with tlie terminal joint incrassate-fusiform,
subulated at the apex: eyes entire : aZ)c?ow?e« very long, linear.

The insects of this genus are known by the name A7it lAons, from the peculiar
habits of their larvae : these reside in sandy districts, and form a conical pit
in the sand, at the bottom of which they bury themselves, leaving only their
large jaws exposed and expanded, ready to seize the first vnifortunate ant,
or other insect, that may fall therein, upon which they prey : they change
in a silky follicle into pupae, and the perfect insect frequents similar districts
with the larvae, and preys also upon insects.

•|-Sp. 1. formicarium. Alis hyalinis, fusco-maculatis, stigmate anastomosibusque
nonnullis albidis. (Long. corp. 10 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 2 unc. 8 — 10 lin.)

Myr. formicarium. Linn'e.—Barlmt {\)—Steph. Catal. 310. N'o. 3446, note.

Wings hyaline, spotted with fuscous, apex acute ; stigma and some anasto-
moses whitish ; clypeus with a fuscous dot ; collar with a dorsal line round
its edges, and the margins of the abdominal segments reddish-yellow.

Erroneously introduced as British by Barbut.

HEMEROBID^. OSMYLUS. 99

amongst lichen, &c. on trees, from which, by means of their clothing,
they are not easily discerned : the perfect insects frequent weeds and
gardens, and are easily known by their ample wings, which are very
beautifully reticulated, and in general highly iridescent : their eggs
are deposited on leaves, or the stems of trees, upon a more or less
lengthened footstalk, somewhat resembling a thin pin stuck thereon.
The indigenous species may be divided into the following genera,
thus cursorily distinguished by external characters : —

Oce//t 3, frontales. per triangulum dispositi : . . • 17> Osmylus.
nuUi :

AHs anticis \)ostice exdais : . . . .18. Drepanepteryx.

integris, aut rotundatis:

Jfratoi/ice articulis cylindricis : . . .19. Chrysopa.

moniliformes : . . .20. Hemerobius.

Gknus XVII.— osmylus, Latreille,

AntennvE short, moniliform : labium with its apex straight, transverse, mar-
gined, the margin linear and somewhat cleft in the middle : labrum round :
head transverse, forehead tumid : eyes moderate .■ ocelli three, placed in a
triangle, and approximating: collar very distinct, elongate-cylindric,
rounded in front, much narrower than the thorax, which is short, produced
a little in the middle behind: metathorax tuhercvXar : wings \ox\g, pilose,
depressed when at rest ; somewhat lanceolate, and faintly acute on the
hinder margin, rather closely nerved, the nervures bifid on the margins, and
forming rhomboid or polygonal areolets on the disc; the costa of the
anterior pair slightly dilated and rounded.

From the other genera of this family the present may be known
by having three distinct ocelli, placed in a triangle and approximating;
they also differ in other external points, as in the short moniliform
antennae, the acute spotted wings, the reticulations of which hkewise
differ, &c.

Sp. 1. maculatus. Fuscus, capite pedibusque testaceis, alis hyalinis, anticis,
limbo prassertim, costaque posticarum fusco maculatis. (Long. corp. ^^ — 5|
lin.; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 6 — 10 lin.)

He. maculatus. Fabricius. — Os. maculatus. Leach, — Samouelle, pi. 7./. 4. —
Steph. Catal. 310. No. 3447.

I[ead bright testaceous or fulvous ; thorax and abdomen fuscous ; legs dull
testaceous ; wings hyaline, anterior pair with several deep fuscous spots on
the disc, numerous larger ones on the costa and on the inner margin, and

N 2-

100 MANDIBULATA. — NEUROPTERA.

some of a fainter hue on the hinder margin ; posterior pair with the costal

edge irregularly spotted and marked with fuscous.
The fuscous markings on the wings vary considerably : in some examples the

wings are very much spotted, especially on the inner margin ; in others

nearly, or quite, immaculate ; others have the lower pair with a deep brown

central dot.

Rather a local species, but found in great abundance in some
places, especially on the margins of a brook on the side of a copse
near Colney Hatch^ in June ; also found near Halifax and
Warwick.

Genus XVIII.— DREPANEPTERYX, Leach.

Antenna: rather shorter than the body, placed a little remotely, stoutish,
moniliform, the basal joint very robust : palpi unequal ; maxillary long and
slender, the terminal joint subfusiform, acute ; labial very short : labrum
rounded on its outer edge: head transverse: eyes moderate, prominent:
ocelli wanting : collar ample : thorax broad : wings broad, detlexed during
repose, scarcely pubescent ; anterior pair with very numerous dichotomising
nervures, united by two longitudinal series on the costal area, and three
somewhat irregularly-placed oblique series on the disc, exclusively of the
pair common to all the family; much dilated and rounded at the base, the
apex recurved ; the hinder margin deeply excised, and, with the recurved
apex, forming an acute hook, the base of the inner margin with a mucro-
nated process; posterior pair shorter, with fewer nervures, somewhat
lanceolate-acute, the hinder margin waved : abdomen compressed : legs long
and slender.

This singular-looking genus is very conspicuous from the form of
its anterior wings, which are irregularly excised and somewhat falcate
on the hinder margin ; they are considerably reticulated, and differ
much from those of the two following genera, especially on the costal
edge of the anterior wings, as may be seen by comparing the figures
in pi. xxxiii. f. 1, and pi. xxx. f. 3 and 4. One indigenous species
only is known.

Sp. 1. Phalsenoides. Plate xxxiii. J". 1. — Testacea, corpore saturatiore, cdis
anticis strigis 2-biis obliquis puncioque fuscis, rnaculaque triangulari marginali
alba. (Long. corp. 5 lin. j Exp. Alar. 15 lin.)

He. Phalaenoides. Limit. — Dr. Phalsenoides. Steph. Catal. 310. I^^o. 3448.

Testaceous, body darker; eyes black; anterior wings of a reddish testaceous,
with numerous irregular and not very distinct darker transverse streaks,
producing, with the nervures (which are darkish), a reticulated appearance.

r/.xxxjji

^^w^

• i.gslart. .;c.

HEMEROBID.E. — CHRYSOPA. 101

a fuscous dot towards the base^ and two oblique somewhat repanded
streaks towards the apex, the first termhiating on the inner edge with a
small triangular white spot; the inner and hinder margins are umbre-
coloured, on the latter interrupted with whitish ; posterior wings rather
pale, especially towards the base.

Also a local insect : I am indebted to Mr. Little for the first
communication thereof; he found it at Raehills in Scotland, and
Mr. Walker has taken it near New Lanark.

Gex\us XIX.— CHRYSOPA, Leach.

Antennm as long as, or longer than, the body, filiform, the articulations oblong
and cylindric, the basal one very large : labium very large, orbicular, entire :
labrum transverse, with a central marginal notch: head short: eyes very
globose, prominent (brilliant during life) : ocelli wanting : collar somewhat
quadrate, nearly as wide as the head : thorax broad, rounded in front : wings
deflexed during repose, iridescent, glabrous, long and narrowish, somewhat
elliptical: costa with transverse simple nervures only; inner portion with
numerous reticulations, forming three rows of areolets on the disc, and the
transverse nervures mostly bifid on the margins : legs short, slender, and
simple.

The insects of this genus may be known by the extreme brilliancy
of their beautiful globose eyes, which are of rich golden tints during
life, thence called golden-eyes, but which fade after death to a
greenish- or purplish- brown ; but, exclusively of this distinction, the
very different neuration of the wings, the structure of the antennae
and trophi, well distinguish them : they have very delicate wings,
upon the surface of which the most brilliant iridescent tints are pro-
duced by varying the direction of the light ; though these fine out-
ward blandishments are sadly contrasted with the fetid odour that is
evolved from the insects when handled.

Sp. 1. fulviceps. Plate xxx. f. 2. — Niger, capite fulvo, collare et thorace
ochraceis lateribus nigra maculatis, pedibus pallidis' (Long. corp. 5 lin.;
Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 6—7 lin.)

Ch. fulviceps. Steph. Catal. 310. No. 3449.

Head bright fulvous ; eyes black ; collar ochreous, with a faint black spot on
each side ; thorax also ochreous, irregularly spotted, or varied with black
on the sides ; abdomen fuscous, with a lateral line, and the apex beneath
ochreous ; legs pale ; wings with pale fuscescent nervures, and a very faint,
fuscescent, and elongated stigma towards the apex of the costa.

The outer longitudinal nervure is sometimes pale yellowish-green.

102 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

A local insect, found in the vicinity of Windsor ; also in the New
Forest and in Devonshire, in June and July ; also, but very rarely,
at Darenth wood.

Sp. 2. capitata. Piceo-testacea, capite fulvescente pedibus pallide testaceis, alls
hyalinis, nervis stigmateque pallide fuscis. (Long. corp. 3g — 4 lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 1 unc. 2 — 4 lin.)

He. capitata. Fabricius. — Ch. capitata. Stepk. Catal. 310. No. 3450.

Pitchy-testaceous: head fulvous; antennae black; eyes greenish; thorax
pitchy, its anterior portion, or collar, testaceous; wings hyaline, very
highly iridescent, with the nervures and costal stigma pale fuscous.

Taken in Devonshire and in the New Forest, but not common, in
June ; also near Hertford and Ripley.

Sp. 3. reticulata. Viridis, capite thoraceque nigro punctatin, abdominis dorso
ventreque nigris, alis subcarulescenti-viridibus nervis transversalihus nigres-
ceniibus. (Long, corp, 4< — 5 lin.; Exp. Alar. 10 — 14 lin.)

Ch. reticulata. Leach — Steph. Catal. 310. No. 3451. — He. chrysops. Wood,
ii. pi. 49.

Head luteous-green, with various simple and united black spots and marks;
palpi varied with black ; collar bluish-green, with black spots on the sides;
thorax yellowish-green, irregularly marked with black on the sides ; abdo-
men also yellowish-green on the sides and margins of the segments, the
back and under surface black ; legs green ; tarsi reddish ; antennae reddish,
the basal joint black beneath, the apex dusky; wings faint bluish-green,
with the nervures of a darker tint, most of the transverse ones dusky or
blackish.

Not uncommon in woods and woody places, during the month of
June, as at Coombe and Darenth woods, near Hertford, Ripley,
Dover, the New Forest, &c.

Sp. 4. maculata. Luteo-viridis thoracis lateribus segmentorumque abdo7ninis
basi nigris, capite nigro maculato, alis subabbreviatis, apice rotundato. (Long,
corp. 3 lin.; Exp. Alar. 10 lin.)

Ch. maculata. Steph. Catal. 3U. No. 34-52.

Luteous-greenish : head with two spots on the labrum, one surrounding each
antennae, and uniting behind on the forehead, and one behind each eye
black; thorax with its sides irregularly varied with black, approaching to
spots on those of the meso- and metathorax ; wings short, rounded at the
apex, pale green, with pale fuscescent nervures, and a faint brownish
stigma ; abdomen with the base of the segments black ; legs pale ; antennae
reddish, with fuscescent rings.

Taken, in June, at Darenth wood.

HKMEROBID,E. CHRYSOPA. 103

Sp. 5. abbreviata. Lc^te viridis, puncto ad basin antennarum et alarum singu~
laruvi atro, capite lutescente-viride, punctis inunitissimis atris, alts abbreviatis.
(Long. Corp. 3^ — 4 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 91—10 lin.)

Ch. abbreviata. Curtis, v. xi. pi. 520. — Steph. Notnen. 2d edit. Appendix. —
Ch. viridis. Curtis, Guide?

Bright green : antennae dull ochreous ; the basal joint with a black dot above j
head lutescent-green, with a minute black dot between the antennae, two
blackish streaks at the base,, two dots on the crown behind the antennae also
black ; wings rather short, ovate, finely iridescent, with a black dot at the
base of each, the nervures and stigma bright green, the former producing
black lines, and those of the costa blackish towards the longitudinal common
rib; abdomen green, clothed with fine blackish hairs; legs pale green ;
tarsi ochreous.

Taken near Dover and in Devonshire ; also on the coasts of South
Wales and Lancashire, and near Yarmouth, in June and July.

Sp. 6. iramaculata. Tota loete viridis, immaculata, alis abbreviatis, nervis
viridibus, antennis palpisque rufescentihus. (Long. corp. 3 — 4 lin.; Exp.
Alar. 9—12 lin.)

Ch. immaculata. Steph. Catal. 311. No. 3453.

Head, thorax, and abdomen wholly of a fine bright green, immaculate ; wings
short and ovate, rich pale green, and strongly iridescent, the nervures
entirely pale green,- and producing green hairs ; legs pale green, with the
tarsi reddish ; antennae and palpi pale reddish, immaculate.

It is possible that this may be a less mature state of Ch. abbreviata, which it
greatly resembles in form.

Found near London, in June, not very common.

Sp. 7. carnea. Flavescente-incarnata, ahdominis dorso rufo punctata, antennis
pedibusque Jlavis, alis abbreviatis nervis rufescentihus. (Long. corp. 4 — 4§
lin.; Exp. Alar. 111—12 lin.)

Ch. carnea. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Head bright rosy-red, or flesh-colour, immaculate; mouth and palpi yellow ;
collar and thorax also rosy-red, the anterior edge of the latter, and its sides,
as also those of the metathorax, and all beneath, yellow ; abdomen rosy or
flesh-colour, yellow beneath, the edges of the segments above, especially
down the back, red; legs pale yellow; antennae the same, with the basal
joint ; wings short and ovate, beautifully iridescent, the nervures and stigma
reddish.

Taken, in June, near London, and in Scotland.
Sp. 8, ventralis. Virescens, capite thoraceque nigro punctatis, al)domine viridi-

104 MANDIBULATA. NEUROFTERA.

luiesceute, ventre piceo aut atro, alts suhahhreviatis nervis parttvi fuscescen*
iibus. (Long. corp. 4 — 5 lin.; Exp. Alar. 14 — 16 lin.)

Ch. punctifrons. Steph. Caial. 311. JVo. 3454. — Ch. ventralis. Curtis, f. 520.

Head pale yellowish-green, with a black dot between the antennae, another
before each eye, one or two on each side of the collar, two on the back of
the thorax, and one on each side between the wings ; abdomen pale greenish,
with its under side, excepting the apical segment, pitchy or black, the mar-
gins of the segments occasionally greenish; legs pale griseous; wings rather
short, and outer nervures partially duskj', with pale hairs ; antennae brown-
ish, pale at the base, with a blackish ring on the tip of the basal joint.

The spots on the collar and thorax are sometimes wanting.

Abundant at Darenth wood, at the end of June ; also found near
Hertford, Ripley, and Dover.

Sp. 9. alba. Virescente-alba, alls subahbreviatis rotundatis, nervis subfuscentibus,
oculis viridi-aeneis. (Long. corp. 4 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 12 lin.)

He. albus. im«e.— Ch. alba. Steph. Catal. 3U. No. 34>55.

Greenish-white, immaculate : legs and antennae pale ; wings rather short and
rounded at the apex, the nervures very pale fuscescent ; eyes golden-green.

Taken, in June, in the neighbourhood of London ; also in the

New Forest.

Sp. 10. angustipennis. PalUde-viridis, immaculata, alis suhelongatis, angus-
tioribus, apice rotundato, nervis virescentibus. (Long. corp. 3§ — 4 lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 12— 15 lin.)

Ch. angustipennis. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 115. — Ch. angusta. Steph.
Catal.su. No. 3457.

Very pale green, immaculate ; the back with a paler longitudinal streak : eyes
moderate, golden ; wings rather long and narrow, the apex rounded, the
nervures greenish, with some of the transverse costal ones a little fuscescent
towards the mid-rib.

The metathorax has sometimes a rounded brown blotch on each side of the
base of the hinder wings.
Found, in June, near London.

Sp. 11. affinis. Luteo-virescens, metathorace nigra nebuloso, alis suhacuminatis
viridibus, nervis concoloribus. (Long. corp. 34 — 45 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 12 — 14
lin.)

Ch.affinis. Steph. Catal. 311. No. 3456.

Yellowish-green ; head and collar and metathorax immaculate, the latter
with some faint blackish clouds, approaching in some specimens to black ;
wings rather long, somewhat acuminated, pale green, with the nervures of
the same hue ; the legs and antennae greenish ; eyes brassy.

HEMER0B1D.E. HEMEROBIUS. . 105

Not uncommon near London ; also found at Dover, and in
Devonshire, in June.

Sp. 12. Perla. Luteo-viridis, alls elongatis, apice acuminato, hyalinis, viridibus,
venis subconcoloribus. (Long. corp. 5—6 lin.; Exp. Alar. 14 — 21 lin.)

He. Perla. Linne. — Donovan, v. viii. pi. 277. /. 2. — Ch. Perla. Steph. Catal.
311. No. 3458.

Luteous- or yellowish-green, immaculate ; antennse rather fuscescent ; eyes
golden; wings rather long, the apex a little acuminated, hyaline, pale
whitish-green, with the nervures and stigma of a darker green.

In some examples the metathorax is slightly clouded with fuscous.

Very abundant in gardens, shrubberies, orchards, &c. during the
summer, not only near London, but throughout the south of
England; found also near Edinburgh.

Sp. 13. subfalcata. Luteo-viridis, immaculata, alis elongatis attenuatis, apice
acuto, subfalcato, venis virescentibus. (Long. corp. 6§ — 7 lin.; Exp. Alar.
14— 16 lin.)

Ch. subfalcata. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 115.

Pale luteous-green, immaculate, but the base of the abdominal segments is
brownish ; whigs elongate, very narrow and attenuated, with the apex
acute, pale greenish, with rather darker nervures and stigma ; legs and
antennae pale ; eyes brassy.

Taken, but not commonly, near London, in June.

Gekus XX.— HEMEROBIUS Auctorum.

Antennae nearly as long as the body, moniliform, the two basal joints largest,
the terminal ones transverse : labrum transverse, rounded on its margin :
jpalpi with the terminal joint elongate, fusiform-acute : head short, trans-
verse : eyes small, prominent : ocelli wanting : collar rather narrower than
the thorax, which is as wide as the head : wings deflexed during repose,
pubescent, in general with very numerous longitudinal nervures, many of
which are bifid on the margin, and a few transverse ones, all more or less
pubescent : abdomen moderate, slender : legs slender ; posterior tibie some-
times dilated.

The insects of this genus differ from Chrysopa in having the
antennae short and moniliform, the wings abbreviated, broad, and
rather closely furnished with fine longitudinal nervures, in addition
to which are a few transverse ones, varying in number in several of
the species, being numerous in some, and very few in others ; those
of the last set differ also in having the nervures stronger and less

Mandibulata, Vol. VI., 30th June, 1836. o

1Q6 MANDIBUI.ATA. NEUROPTERA.

pilose, and will probably, ere long, be divided as a distinct genus
from the others : the species are very much allied, but, from the
difference in neuration, may be easily distinguished from each other.

A. Anterior wings with the costal nervures chiefly furcate : discoidal nervures
mostly arising from the inner longitudinal rib.

a. Longitudinal nervures^ except the Jirst, united on the dine by two or more

transverse ones.

Sp. 1. hirtus. Flavescens, ocvlis ahdomineque fuscis, alis anticis subochraceis,
obsolete fusco reticulatis, fasciisqne duabus saturatioribus. (Long. corp. 5 — 6
lin.; Exp. Alar. 8—10 lin.)

He. hirtus. Linne.— Donovan, v. iy. pi. 113./. 1, 2 — Sleph. Catal. 311.
No. 3459.

Head yellowish or ochreous; eyes fuscous; thorax yellowish; abdomen
fuscous; legs pale; anterior wings with the nervures pale fuscous, the
transverse ones— of which there are two complete rows — deeper fuscous,
forming two oblique streaks of that hue across the wings, in addition to
which are some fainter waved streaks and blotches, especially on the inner
edge towards the apes, and two or three longitudinal ones ; the posterior
wings paler, with a faint fuscescent margin.

Abundant in woods within the metropolitan district, especially at
Coombe and Darenth, in June and July ; also found in Scotland.

Sp. 2. angulatus. Testaceo-Jlavescens, antennis nigro annulatis, alis abbreviatis
nervis {^transversis prasertim) fuscis, fascia angulatd saturatiore. (Long,
corp. 4 — 6 lin.; Exp. Alar. 7 — 9 lin.)

He. angulatus. Sieph. Catal. 312. No. 3479.

Head, thorax, and abdomen testaceous-yellow ; eyes fuscous ; legs pale
testaceous ; wings short, yellowish, anterior with the nervures, especially
the transverse ones — of which there are three rows — fuscous, in addition to
which is an angulated darker fascia towards the apex, and on the inner edge
are some fuscous clouds ; posterior wings hyaline, with pale brownish
nervures; antennae pale testaceous, with black rings.

Apparently rare ; found near London, in June, and in Scotland.

b. (Seconrf longitudinal nervure /ree: not receiving any transverse one near its

origin.

Sp. 3. concinnus. Platb xxx. f. 3. — Rufescente-ochraceus, metathorace abdomi-
neque piceis, oculis atris, alis lutescentibus, nervis pallidioribus nigro pune~
tatis. (Long. corp. 3^ — 4i lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9 — 11 lin.)

He. concinnus. S/eph. Catal. 31 H. A^o. 3460.

HEMEROBID.E. HEMEROBIUS. 107

Head and thorax bright reddish-ochre ; metathorax and abdomen pitchy ; legs
and antennae pale ochreous ; eyes black ; anterior wings very pale lutescent,
the nervures paler, dotted with fuscous or black, the transverse ones mostly
fuscous, the inner and hinder margin more or less clouded with fuscous ;
posterior pair pale, with the nervures immaculate, all with a darkish elongate
stigma.

Found in July at Ripley, and also at South Lambeth ; taken
likewise near Edinburgh.

Sp. 4. fuscus. FuscuSjf route, thoracis dorso, antennis pedibusque ochraceo-Jlavis,
alls fuscescentibvs, nervis saturatioribus albo punctatis, clypeo nitidissinio.
(Long. corp. 2| — 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8 — 9^ lin.)

He. fuscus. Leach MSS.— Staph. Catal. 311. No. 3461.

Fuscous : face extremely glossy and blackish ; forehead, back of the collar,
and of the thorax, ochreous-yellow, the yellow dash becoming attenuated on
the metathorax ; legs and antennae wholly pale ochreous-yellow ; wings
brownish, anterior with a few clouds, and the transverse nervures fuscous,
the other nervures fuscous, dotted with white ; posterior wings paler, more
hyaline and iridescent, immaculate.

Common in woody places, about London, in June and July.

Sp. 5. nebulosus. Ochraceo-pallidus, collaris thoracisque lateribusfuscis, antennis
fusco annulatis, alis albidis, opalinis, anticis fusco nebulosis, nervis Juscis.
(Long. corp. 2§ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8 — 9 lin.)

He. nebulosus. Steph. Catal. 311. JVo. 3462.

Pale ochreous : head glossy in front ; eyes black ; sides of the collar and of
the thorax fuscous ; wings pale hyaline, opaline ; anterior with the nervures
fuscous, remotely dotted with whitish, the transverse ones, and several
irregular blotches and clouds on the inner margin fuscous ; posterior imma-
culate; abdomen pale ochreous ; legs yellowish; antennae yellowish, with
fuscescent rings.

Also common in the neighbourhood of London, and taken occa-
sionally in Scotland.

Sp. 6. subnebulosus. Pallidus, clypeo, et thoracis lateribus piceo-rvfis, alis
albidis, anticarvm viargine interna svbnebuloso, nervis albidis fusco punctatis^
(Long. corp. 3 lin.; Exp. Alar. 9 lin.)

He. subnebulosus. Steph. Catal. 311. No. 3463.

Pale : clypeus very glossy and pitchy-red ; abdomen pale, its sides slightly
testaceous; legs pale, tips of the tarsi fuscescent ; wings whitish, iridescent;
anterior with several faint flavescent clouds on the inner margins, and the
nervures whitish, with remote fuscous dots ; posterior immaculate ; anterior
pale ochreous.
Taken in June near London ; not very uncommon.

108 MANl)li;ULATA. NEUROl'TKRA.

8p. 7. Huniuli. Pallide ochiaceus, alls hi/alinix pmictisj'uscis sparsii, aniennig
fusco alboque annulatis, pedibus palHdis. (Long. corp. 4 Hn.; Exp. Alar.
5—7 lin.)

He. Humuli. Linni.—Steph. Catal. 416. So. 3465.

Pale ochreous : eyes Itluish-brass ; antennae pale, with fuscous or black
rings; abdomen with a faint row of dusky spots on each side above; legs
pale ; wings hyaline, sparingly marked with obscure fuscous dots.

Found abundantly in the neighbourhood of Darenth wood, in
June.

Sp. 8. obscurus. Fusco-ochraceus, thoracis lateribus fuscis ; alls abbreviatis
pallide Juscescentibus, venis subsaturatioribus obsoletissime albido punctatis.
(Long. corp. 2i lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6 lin.)

He. obscurus. Leach MSi>.—Steph. Cuial. 311. N'o. 3473.

Fusco-ochreous : antennse ochreous, annulated with fuscous ; eyes fuscescent;
thorax with its sides fuscous ; abdomen fuscous, palish on the edges of the
segments and on the back; legs palish; wings rather short, fuscescent;
anterior with very obscure and numerous darker shades> the nervures
fuscous, with very indistinct whitish dots ; posterior pair with the nervures
fuscescent and immaculate.

Found in woods, near London, in June, and in Scotland.

Sp. 9. fasciatus. Niger, capitc thoraceque Jlavis lituris fuscis, alis albidis,
anticis fasciis 3-bus atomisque numerosis nigricantibus. (Long. corp. 2^ li». ;
Exp. Alar. 6i lin.)

He. fasciatus. Fabricius. — Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3478.

Black : head and thorax yellow, with deep fuscous markings, especially on
the sides; wings pale opaline white, the anterior pair with numerous
fuscescent atoms, and three oblique, somewhat interrupted, blackish streaks,
the terminal one on the margin ; posterior immaculate ; legs fuscous.

Found, but rarely, in the vicinity of Ripley, in June.

c. Second and third longitudinal nervures Jree.

Sp. 10. nervosus. Nigricans, veHice thoracisque dorso Jlavicantibus, alis varie-
gatis, nervis albo punctatis. (Long. corp. 4 — 5 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6 — 8 lin.)

He. nervosus. Fabricius. — Steph. Catal. 311. No. 3464.

Head dusky, its crown yellowish ; eyes black ; antenna? yellowish, with daisky
wings; thorax black, with the back yellowish; abdomen black; legs
yellowish ; wings with numerous fuscous dots and points ; nervures dotted
with black and white.

Not uncommon, in the vicinity of London, in JuJifc, ih gardens
and plantations.

HEMEKOBID.E.— HliMEROBlUS. 100

Sp. 11. pereleganS. Piceus, f route thoracisque dorso testaceis, ttiitennisfulvis
fusco annulaiis, alis fuscis concinile albo variegatis et jmnctatis. (Ldtig. cOrp.
3 lin.; Exp. Alar. 7 lin.)

He. perelegans- Sieph. Nomen- 2d edit. Appendix.

Deep glossy piceous : the clypeus, forehead, and a line down the middle of the
thorax testaceous ; eyes deep fuscous ; legs pale testaceous ; antennae dull
fulvous, with fuscous annulations ; wings hyaline, deep fuscous, with darker
nervures, the surface very prettily varied with numerous zigzag whit6
streaks and larger marginal blotches, with an irregular band of the same,
following the course of the transverse nervures, which are broadly sufFuSed
with fuscous.

Of this beautiful insect I possess one specimen only,which I beiievfe
was taken in the New Forest.

Sp. 12. marginatus. Pullide ochraceus, oculis nigris, alis albis, nervis transversa-
libus, nebulisque aliquot ad marginem internum fuscis. (Long. corp. 3^ lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 9| lin.)

He. marginatus. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 115.

Pale ochreous : clypeus slightly glossy ; eyes black ; abdomen fuscescent on
the back ; wings very hyaline, white and iridescent, anterior with the
transverse nervures, a few irregular and very remote portions of the longi-
tudinal ones, and numerous larger irregular clouds on the inner margin
fuscous; posterior wings white; legs pale.

Found near Newcastle and Edioburgh, in July.

Sp. 13. lutescens. Flavescens, alis albis Jfusco-substrigosis. (Long. Corp. ^j lin. ;
Exp. Alar. G— 7i lin.)

He. lutescens. Fabricius.—Steph. Catal. Sll. JVb. 3466.

Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen yellowish, immaculate; legs also
yellowish, but paler ; wings whitish, with an opaline tinge, with very
indistinct fuscous streaks, and obscure dots of the same onthe nervures.

Not uncommon, about Dover and Brighton, in June and July ;
found also near London, and in the New Forest.

Sp. 14. affinis. Pallide ochraceus, thoracis lateribus abdominegue nigricantibus,
segmentorum marginibus alhidis. alis alhidis anticis dorso fusco subuebuloso,
venis pallidis . (Long. corp. 2 — 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6 — 7^ lin.)

He affinis. Leach MSS.— Steph. Catal. 311. No. 3467.

Pale ochreous, with a luteous tinge on the head and collar, the sides of the
latter and of the thorax blackish ; abdomen blackish or fuscous, especially
beneath, with the margins of the segments broadly pale ; legs pale ; aiitenns
immaculate ; wings whitish opaline, the anterior faintly clouded with fuscous

110 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

on the inner (or dorsal) margin, and very obscurely so towards the apex;
nervures white, with very faint, remote, fuscescent dots ; posterior wings
immaculate, with whitish nervures.

Common in the woods within the metropolitan district, especially
at Darenth, Coombe, and Colney Hatch, in June, and in the west of
England.

Sp. 15. nemoralis. Pallide och7'aceus, collaris lateribus, ocuJisque nigricantibus,
abdomine piceo-nigro, segmentorum marginibus palUdis, alls albidis anticis
fasciis 2-bus olscuris fuscescentibus. (Long. corp. Sg — 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
6i— 7ilin.)

He. nemoralis. Leach MSS. — Steph. Catal. 311. No. 3468.

Pale ochreous : antennae rather long, not annulated ; eyes black ; collar with
its lateral margins blackish ; thorax somewhat piceous on the sides ;
abdomen pitchy, with the segments broadly edged with pale ochreous ; legs
pale ; wings opaline-white, anterior with two very faint fuscescent bands
towards the apex, approximating towards the inner margin, which, with
the hinder one, is very faintly clouded with the same colour; nervures
white, with a few very remote fuscous dots ; posterior pair immaculate,
with pale nervures.

Var. /3. He. obsoletus. Steph. Catal. 311. No. 3469. — This variety differs by
having the transverse fasciae very indistinct : the insect is also of a paler
hue — probably immature.

Also not uncommon, about liondon, in June and July.

Sp. 16. paganus. Lutescens, antennis pedibusque pallidis, alls albis, anticis
obscure subfasciatix. (Long. corp. 2§ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6 — 7^ lin.)

He. paganus. Linni. — Steph. Catal. 311. No. 3470.

Pale lutescent : eyes black ; antennae and legs pale ; wings white, with a
golden tinge ; anterior with some obscure transverse fuscescent streaks
towards the apex, the nervures faintly dotted with fuscescent ; posterior
immaculate.

Found within the metropolitan district, in June, not common.

Sp. 17. apicalis. Riifo-ochraceus, thoracis lateribus abdomineque piceis, pedibus
pallidis, alis opalinis, anticis, apice prcesertim,fusco nebulosis, venis fuscescentibus
albo punctatis. (Long. corp. 2 — 2^ lin.; Exp. Alar. 6 — 7 lin.)

He. apicalis. Steph. Catal. 311. No. 3471.

Ochreous-red : antennae rather short, not annulated; eyes black; sides of
collar and thorax pitchy ; abdomen pitchy, the margins of the segments
slightly pale ; legs pale ; wings opaline, anterior clouded, especially at the
tip, with pale fuscous ; nervures fuscous, with remote white dots ; posterior

HEMEROBIDf-. HEMEROBIUS. Ill

pair also faintly clouded with fuscous at the tip, the nervures immaculate
and pale.

Found at Coombe and Darenth woods, in June.

Sp. 18. punctatus. Ochraceo-rvfus, coUaris laieribus piceis, oculis brunneis,
alls opalinis, anticis venis longitudinalibus albis,fuscescentepunctatis, trans-
versalibus fuscis immaculatis. (Long. corp. 2lin.; Exp. Alar. 6^ lin.)

He. punctatus. Leach MSS.—Steph. Caial. 311. No. 3472.

Ochreous-red, the back of the thorax pale ; the sides of the collar pitchy,
fuscescent towards the head; abdomen with its sides also slightly pitchy;
legs pale; eyes brown ; antennae short, slender, and not annulated; wings
rather narrow, opaline, immaculate ; anterior with the longitudinal nervures
whitish, minutely, but regularly, dotted with fuscous, the transverse ones
wholly fuscous ; posterior pair immaculate.

Taken, in June, near Dover, and in Devonshire.

Sp. 19. subfasciatus. Pallide ochraceus, thoracis lateribus, abdominisqut dorso
fuscis, alis attenuatis, opalinis, anticis fasciis interruptis transversis atomisque
fuscis. (Long. corp. 2| lin.; Exp. Alar. 6^ lin.)

He. subfasciatus. Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3474.

Pale ochreous : antennse very pale and immaculate ; eyes greenish ; sides of
the thorax and back of the abdomen, especially towards the apex, fuscous,
the edges of the segments palish; legs pale; wings long and narrow,
opaline, the anterior with pale nervures, thickly dotted with fuscous, most
of the transverse ones, and some short irregular transverse streaks fuscous;
posterior wings paler, longitudinal nervures pale, transverse ones fuscous.
Also taken in June, near London.

Sp. 20. irroratus. Ochraceo-rufus, antennis fusco annulatis, alis opalinis, anticis
crebre fusco irroratis, posiicis immaculatis. (Long. corp. 2§ — 3 lin.; Exp.
Alar. 6^ — 7^ lin.)

He. irroratus. Leach MSS.—Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3475.

Ochreous-red, the sides of the thorax brighter ; eyes brownish ; antennse rather
long, each joint with a fuscous ring; abdomen immaculate; legs pale, with
the tips of the tarsi fuscous ; wings opaline, rather narrow, the nervures
whitish, thickly dotted with fuscous, and the transverse ones, especially
those towards the apex, wholly of that colour ; posterior wings paler, with
whitish immaculate nervures.

Not uncommon, in woods and shrubby places, within the metropo-
litan district ; also taken near Dover, and in Devonshire.

Sp. 21. Pini. Testaceus, pedibus pallidioribus, abdomine nigro out piceo,
anfrnnis fusco annulatis, alis hyalinis, anticis fusco-lutescentibus margine

112 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

pQstico saturatiore, punctis fasciisque ahbreviatis fuscis. (Long. corp. 2.^ — 3
lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6^—74 lin.)

He. Pini. Leach MSS.—Steph. Caial. 312. No. 347&.

Head and thorax bright testaceous ; eyes black ; antetinse testaceous, with
fuscous rings ; legs pale testaceous ; wings hyaline, anterior lutescent-
brown, with the hinder margin and tip of the inner darker, the disc with
numerous fuscous clouds, and some abbreviated darker irregular fasciae ;
nervures fuscous, with darker dots, the spaces between their bifid apex on
the hinder margin whitish; posterior wings opaline, slightly fuscescent
toward? the apex, the nervures palish, the transverse ones fuscescent.

Abundant in pine groves, especially near Hertford and Ripley, in
June and July ; found also in Scotland.

Sp. 23. Stigma. Testaceus, jjedibus pallidioribus, abdomine piceo, antennisfusco
annulatis, alls hyalinis, fusco-lutescentibus, stigmate rujo-jusco, nervis fuscis
albido punctatis. (Long. corp. 3 lin.; Exp. Alar. 7§lin.)

He. Stigma. Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3477.

Testaceous : eyes black ; antennae rather long, annulated with fuscous ;
abdomen pitchy ; legs pale testaceous ; wings rather long and narrow, the
apex rounded, anterior lutescent-brown, with darker nervures, the latter
remotely dotted with whitish ; stigma fuscous, posterior paler immaculate,
the nervures and stigma rather fuscescent.
Taken in June, near Ripley.

Sp. 23. crispus. Testaceus, thorace lateribus abdomineque saturatioribus, alis
opalinis, angustis, anticis fuscescente maculatis, nervis tTansversalibus fuscis,
posticis immaculatis. (Long. corp. 2 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6 lin.)

He. crispus. Curtis ? — Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3482.

Testaceous, with the sides of the thorax and the abdomen darker or slightly
pitchy; eyes pale brown; antennae long, faintly annulated with fuscous ;
wings hyaline, opaline, rather long and narrow, the anterior with numerous,
more or less distinct, pale brown clouds and dots, partially disposed in
oblique fasciae ; nervures fuscous, with irregular darker and paler dots ;
posterior wings paler, the hinder margin slightly fuscescent; nervures
fuscous, immaculate ; legs pale testaceous.

Found in June, within the metropolitan district.

Sp. 24. pallidus. Ochraceo-pallidus, coUaris ahdominisque lateribus piceis, alis
hyalinis costa nervisque punctatis fuscescentibus. (Long. corp. 2^^ lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 6i lin.)

He. pallidus. Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3480.

Head pale testaceous^ with a pitchy dot beneath each eye, the latter brown ;

H£MEKOBlD.«. MEMEROBICS. IVJ

Collar pale ochreous, with the sides pitchy ; thorax pale bchreous ; ahdomen
the same, with a pitchy streak along each side ; legs pale ochreous ; wings
abbreviated, hyaline, and iridescent, the costa and nervures brownish, the
latter with remote palish dots ; posterior wings rather paler.

Found at Hertford, in July.

d. Longitudinal nervures all uniied by two or mote transverse ones, placed

irregularly.

Sp. 25. variegatus. Fuscus, alis albo hyalinis, fusco maculatis et subfasciatia
nervisque punctalis, antennis ochreo-rufis, pedibus pallidis. (Long. corp. 2 —
24 lin.; Exp. Alar. B—6 lin.)

He. variegatus. Fabricius. — Steph. Catal. 312. No.^ 34.81.

Deep fuscous : head very glossy in front ; antenna and palpi reddish-ochre ;
legs pale ; wings hyaline, white and iridescent, anterior with several large
blotches of deep fuscous, especially towards the inner margin and the apex,
sometimes disposed in one or two oblique transverse fasciae ; nervurea
fuscescent, with large fuscous spots; posterior wings paler and more
transparent, with three or four distinct fuscescent clouds on the margin
towards the apex.

A variable and beautiful species : in some examples the abdomen has an
ochreous stripe down the back ; others have the wings very slightly spotted
in the direction of the nervures ; in some the fuscous clouds are united in
distinct transverse fasciae, while in others they are placed irregularly, and
are not united.

Common, in June and July, in woods about London, as at
Darenth, Coombe, Birch wood, &c.; also in Devonshire, Dorset-
shire, the New Forest, Scotland, &c.

+Sp. 26. fimbriatus. Piceus, thoracis dorso macuHsqve ochraceis, alls subochraceis,
Jimbrid subinterruptdfuscescente. (Long. corp. 2^ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 5 lin.)

He. fimbriatus. Curtis, v. v. pi. 202.— Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3485.

Pitchy : thorax with a dorsal line and a spot on each side ochreous, meta-
thorax varied with the same; abdomen somewhat ferruginous at the base;
legs dull ochre ; iemora, especially the posterior, pitchy ; base of the hinder
tibiae and tips of all the tarsi the same ; wings somewhat ochreous, iridescent,
bordered with fuscous ; anterior spotted with fuscous, and the nervure*
dotted with brown ; posterior with a short fuscous streak on the costal-
edge.

" Daddingston Loch, July." — Curtis^ I. c.

B. Anterior wings with the costal nervures furcate, with two discoidal nervures'-

only arising from the inner longitudinal rib.
Sp. 2T. elegans. Atro-piceus, nitidus, abdomine rufo-piceo, pedihus pallidis,
Manbibut.ata, Vol. VI., Jtjxf 30th, 1836'. v

114 MANDIBUI.ATA. XEUROPTERA.

alts abbreviatis, fusco-hyalinis, anticis albo perlepide irroratis, nervisfutcis,
immuculatis. (Long. corp. 1|— 2J Hn. ; Exp. Alar. 4j — 5^ lin.)

He. elegans. Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3483.

Head deep shining black : palpi and antennae pitchy-black ; thorax the same
and glossy ; abdomen pitchy-red ; legs pale ; wings short, hyaline, fuscous ;
anteiior with immaculate darker nervures, the spaces between them very
■ prettily and thickiy irrorated with white or clear dots; posterior immacu-
late, more transparent and iridescent.

Taken, but not very commonly, within the metropolitan district,
at Coombe and Darenth woods, &c. in June.

Sp. 28. Marshami. Piceus, nHidus, ahdomine palUdiore, alis abbreviatis, rotun-
datis, J'usco-hyalinis, anticis concinc albo puncfatis,/'asciis<jue ^-bus fuscescen-
tibus, nervis fuscis immaculatis. (Long. corp. 2^ lin.; Exp. Alar. 5 lin.)

He. Marshami. Sttph. Catal. 312. No. 3484.

Pitchy and shining : antennae short and stout, pitchy-black, with the base pale ;
abdomen pitchy-testaceous; legs pale testaceous ; wings short and rounded,
hyaline, fuscous, posterior palest, with the margin dusky ; anterior with the
nervures fuscous, the transverse ones surrounded by a cloud of the same,
and forming two bands ; the spaces between prettily marked with very
numerous small transparent, or white, dots.

From the Marshamian collection : I am not aware of its locality.

C. Anterior wings with the costal jiervures simple, few in number; discoidal
nervures not arising from the longitudinal rib, but running nearly parallel
thereto from their origin at the base.

Sp. 29. fuscatus. Plate xxx. f. 4. — Niger, alis fusco hyalinis, nitidissimis,
nervis atro-fuscis, pedibus testaceis. (Long. corp. 2i lin.; Exp. Alar. 5 — 5 J
lin.)

He. fuscatus. Fabricius. — Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3486.

Deep black : head and thorax immaculate ; mouth obscure testaceous ; legs
testaceous, with the femora more or less obscure; wings hyaline, very
glossy, deep fuscous and immaculate, the nervures darker.

Found, not uncommonly, at Hertford and Ripley, in June and
July.

Sp. 30. nitidulus. Testaceus, alis cinereo-hyalinis, nitidulis, nervis obscurioribus,
pedibus pallidis, antennis fuscis. (Long. corp. 2§— 3 lin.; Exp. Alar. 5 —
5| lin.)

He. nitidulus. • Fabricius. — Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3487.

Head testaceous ; eyes brown-black ; thorax and abdomen testaceous-imma-
rulate ; legs pale ; antenna? as long as the body, fuscous ; wings ashy-

PSOCID-E. CONIOPTERYX. 115

hyaline, or slightly fuscescent, with rather darker nervures, and somewhat
glossy, immaculate.

Taken within the metropolitan district, in June and July, not
common.

Sp. 31. confinis. Testaceo-fuscus, alis fuscescente-hyalinis immaculatis, nitidis,
pedibus testaceis, antennis piceis. (Long. corp. SJ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 5J lin.)

He. confinis. Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3488.

Testaceous-brown : eyes black ; antennae rather short and pitchy ; legs testa-
ceous ; wings hyaline, slightly fuscescent, shining and immaculate, with
pale fuscous nervures.

Also found within the metropolitian district, in June, but rarely.

Family III.— PS0CIDJ5, Leach.

Antennce rather long and slender, filiform, or setaceous, the articulations either
few in number and very indistinct, or numerous and somewhat moniliform :
palpi two or four, labial sometimes wanting : collar very small : thorax a
little tubercular : wings four, or wanting, anterior ample, elongate, with
a few irregular longitudinal nervures, and a few transverse ones ; posterior
pair usually small : legs simple : tarsi with two, three, or five joints : bodif
soft.

As formerly mentioned, the insects of this family differ consider-
ably in habit from the others of this section ; their antennae are
much elongated, the collar very small, the wings narrow and elongate,
with but few irregular, waved, and radiating nervures, and one or
two transverse ones ; the posterior wings are usually much smaller
than the anterior, and the insects are of small size : they are found
on the trunks of trees, old walls, amongst lichens, &c. during the
summer, and are very active : their larvae are active, and have con-
siderable resemblance to the perfect insect, except in being destitute
of wings. The indigenous species may be thus divided into genera :

Alati ; torn articulis 5-que : ..... 21. Coniopteryx.

articulis 2.bus : ..... 22. Psocus.
Aptcri ; /am articulis 3-bus : .... 23. Atropos.

Gexus XXL— coniopteryx^ Leach.

Antennce long and filiform, composed of from yo to 40 pubescent, somewhat
moniliform, distinct articulations : labrum semicircular, slightly concave
before : maxillary palpi long, porrcct, forming a kind of beak, 5-jointed :

116 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

labiad 3-articulate, the terminal joint large, ovate, compressed : head orbi-
cular, forehead depressed : eyes remote, ovate : collar distinct ; thorax
gibbous, tuberculated : wings deflexed, rounded, covered with a mealy
powder ; anterior ample, larger than the posterior, which are occasionally
Ismall ; all with three discoidal areolets : abdomen short, elongate-ovate :
legs moderate: tarsi 5-jointed, Larva ovate, conic, with short setose
antennse and legs.

The insects of this genus at first sight resemble certain Homoptera,
especially the genus Aleyrodes, amongst, and near, which I had placed
the only three species that I have seen, the third of which differs
from the others in having the posterior wings much smaller than the
others : the genus was first characterized by Curtis, but I had
previously indicated it, having placed it amongst those families that
I stated in a note in Part II. of my Catalogue, p. 361. I had not
properly investigated : the larvse, according to the observations of
Mr. Haliday, resemble those of Hemerobius, and are broad, ovate,
acute, with short antennae, &c. and are probably aphidivous : the
imago differs from the Psoci in having the antennae distinctly
multiarticulate, the wings, &c. covered with powder, and the tarsi
5-jointed,

Sp. 1. Tineiformis. Margaritaceo-'cinerea, opaca, abdomine riifo-ochraceo,
antennis hand corpore longitudinis, alis posticis mediocribus. (Long. corp.
J lin. ; Exp. Alar. 2| lin.)

Aley. dubia. Steph. Catal. ii, 367. No. 9979. — Con. tineiformis. Curtis, f. 528.

" Dead pearly grey, powdered : antennae not longer than the body, containing
about 25 joints ; superior (anterior) wings very ample; inferior (posterior)
small ; abdomen ochreous." — Curtis, I. c.

Abundant, in June, in lanes near Hertford and Ripley, in fir
groves ; also taken in Norfolk, the New Forest, Dorsetshire, and
near Dover.

Bp. 2. Aleyrodiformis. Margaritaceo-alba, opaca, abdomine piceo, antennis
corpore longioribus, alis posticis mediocribus. (Long. corp. 1 lin.j Exp. Alar.
♦ lin.)

Aley. gigantea. Steph. Catal. ii. 367. No. 9978.

Pead pearly white, powdered; antennae piceous, rather longer than the body,

with about 30 joints ; anterior wings ample ; posterior rather small ;

abdomen pitchy ; legs pale, with the knees pitchy.

Found, in July, 1827, near Ripley.

PSOCID.E. PSOCUS. 117

€p. 3. Psociformis. Margaritaceo-alba, opaca, ahdomine concolore, antennis
corpora muUo lovgioribus, alls posticis parvis. (Long. corp. f lin. ; Exp. Alar.
4 lin.)

N. G. (1437) Pinicola. Steph. Catal. ii. 367. No. 9974 — Co. Psociformis.
Curtis, V. xi. pi. 528.

"Dead pearly white ; antennae twice as long as the body, composed of nearly
40 joints, subochreous; superior (anterior) wings very ample, and distinctly
iridescent; inferior (posterior) small." — Curtis, I. c.

Taken amongst firs, in June, at Ripley ; found also in Norfolk
and in Scotland.

Genus XXII.— PSOCUS, Latreille.

Antennae rather long and slightly pilose, setaceous, consistmg of about 10
cylindric articulations, the two basal ones short and thick, the remainder
elongate and indistinctly seen : labrum transverse-quadrate, rounded
laterally and in front: maxillary palpi porrect, 4-articuIate, the terminal
joint largest, ovate-cylindric : labial minute : head large, trigonate-ovate ;
forehead very convex : eyes semiglobose, prominent, distinct : ocelli three :
collar minute : thorax ample, with impressed lines : wings deflexed, hyaline,
nervose ; anterior rather largest, elongate-subovate, with a distinct stigma
towards the apex; posterior smaller and less nervose: abdomen short,
sessile, ovate-conic : legs rather long : tarsi with two short joints. Larva
resembling the imago, but apterous : pupa with rudiments of wings.

The Psoci are known by having the antennae long, and composed
of few elongate indistinct articulations, and slightly pilose in the
males : the clypeus is very prominent ; the body soft ; wings four,
hyaline, and not covered with powder; the tarsi biarticulate, &c.
The species are very numerous, and I think it probable there are
many more than are herein indicated, as I have scarcely captured
a single example since the publication of my Catalogue, now seven
years ago : they differ slightly in the neuration of the wings, and
may be divided into sections in accordance therewith.

A. Anterior wings with a somewhat quadrate transverse discoidal areolet.

a. First nervure of anterior wings deeply bifurcate.

1. I?7wg-* variegated ; nervures rather indistinct.

• Antennae very pilose,

6p. 1. pilicornis. Niger, alis anticis maculis nebulisque nigricantibus, antennis

longe pilosis. (Long. corp. I lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3§ — 4 lin.)

Ps. pilicornis. Latreille. — Steph. Catal. ii. 416. No. 3489.

118 MANDIBULATA. NKUROFTERA.

Black : antennae very pilose; anterior wings spotted and clouded with dusky ;
nervures fuscous, with a dot of that colour at the apex of each on the hinder
margin ; posterior immaculate ; legs pale.

Apparently not very common ; taken near London, and in Suffolk.

Sp. 2. picicornis. Niger, alls anticis albofuscogue variis, anfennis piceis. (Long,
corp. 1 lin. ; Exp. Alar. Sg— 4 lin.)

Ps. picicornis. Fabricius. — Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3490.

Black : abdomen pitchy; antennae hairy and pitchy ; anterior wings variegated
with fuscous and white ; posterior hyaline, immaculate ; legs pale. Female
with the antennae simple.

Common in the vicinity of London, in June, on trunks of trees,
&c.

•• Antennse scarcely pilose, or naked.
Sp. 3. fasciatus. Capite thoraceque flavis, lituris fuscis, abdomine nigro, alts
anticis hyalinis,fasciis 3-bus atomisque numerosis nigris. (Long. corp. 1 — 1^
lin.; Exp. Alar 4— 4^ lin.)

Ps. fasciatus. Fabricius — Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3491.

Antennae black, slightly pilose ; head and thorax yellow, with fuscous mark-
ings ; abdohien black ; wings hyaline, anterior with three black stripes, the
1st before the middle, the 2nd behind, and the hinder one on the margin,
and numerous minute fuscous dots, with a larger one on the inner edge
towards the base ; posterior immaculate.

Also common in the neighbourhood of London, in woods, &c.
during the summer, and in Suffolk.

Sp. 4. variegatus. Niger, fronte, thorace supra, abdomineque ochraceis, alts
anticis nigricantibus atomis albis. ^^Long. corp. 1 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3^ — 4j
lin.)

Ps. variegatus. Lair eille.'— Steph. Catal. 415. No. 3492.

Black : forehead, upper part of the thorax, and the abdomen pale ochreous-
yellow ; anterior wings blackish, with numerous minute white dots.

Found, less abundantly than the last, within the metropolitan
district, in June : taken also in Suffolk.

Sp. 5. atomarius. Piceus, capite Jlavo, oculis nigris, pedibus pallidis, alis anticis
fuscis atomis albis, stigmate semijlavo. (Long. corp. H lin.; Exp. Alar.
4 lin.)

Ps. atomarius. Sleph. Catal. 312. No. 3493.

Pitchy : head yellow ; eyes black ; anterior wings fuscous, with minute white'

PSOCID.E. PSOCUS. 119

< dots ; Stigma fuscous, its basal half yellow ; hinder immaculate ; legs pale,
with the knees yellow ; antennae pale, and very slightly pilose in the male.

Taken in June, near London.

Sp. 6. maculatus. Piceus, pedibus antennisgue pallidis; alls anticis hyalinis
macuUs distantibusfuscis sparsis. (Long. corp. | lin. ; Exp. Alar. 4 lin.)

Ps. maculatus. Steph. Catal. 311- Xo. 3456.

Pitchy, with an ochreous hue; eyes black; antennae and legs pale; wings
hyaline, with the chief portion of the nervures, the apical half of the stigma,
and several remote spots, fuscous, the hinder margin also fuscous.

Also taken near London, in June.

Sp. 7. subfasciatus. Ochraceus, capite thoraceque nigra variegatis, abdoniine
piceo, pedibus pallidis alis anticis hyaUnis fusciis 2-hus maculisque variis fuscis.
(Long. Corp. 1 lin.; Exp. Alar. 4i lin.)

Ps. subfasciatus. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 116. — Ps. obsoletus. Steph.
Catal. 312. No. 3495.

Ochreous: head and thorax varied with black, the sutures yellow; abdomen
pitchy ; legs pale ; anterior wings hyaline, stained with yellow, with the
nervures and two oblique interrupted fasciae, and some dots on the hinder
margin fuscous; posterior hyaline, immaculate.

Found within the metropolitan district, in June.

2. Wings not variegated ; nervures distinct.
* Discoidal areolet closed by one of the radiating nervures.
Sp. 8. lineatus. Ochraceus, brunneo maculatus, capite lineis rvfo-brunneis, alis
anticis basi nigra fasciato. (Long. corp. li — 1| lin. ; Exp. Alar. 5^ — 7 lin.)

Ps. lineatus. Latreille.— Steph. Catal. 416. No. 3496.

Pale ochreous, spotted with brown ; head with several red-brown longitudinal

streaks ; anterior wings with an oblique black streak at the base within ;

nervures and stigma pale fuscous.
The anterior wings have occasionally one or two fuscous clouds towards the

apex.

Very common on trunks of trees, &c. in woods within the metro-
politan district : also taken in Suffolk.

Sp. 9. nebulosus. Ochraceus, capite brunneo lineato, acellis et waculis thoracis
nigris, abdomine piceo, pedibus pallidis, alis anticis hyalinis vents nebulisque
aliquot fuscis. (Long. corp. 1 — 1§ lin.; Exp. Alar. 44 — 6i lin,)

Ps. nebulosus. Kirby ? MSS.— Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3497.

Pale ochreous : mouth, eyes, ocelli, and some spots on the thorax black ; head
with longitudinal brown lines ; abdomen pitchy ; legs pale ; anterior wings

12C^ irJANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

hyaline, the nervures fuscous, with broad clouds of the same connected
therewith, and forming a radiated appearance at the apex ; stigma pale
fuscous ; posterior pair immaculate, fuscescent, with darker nervures.

Also common within the metropolitan district, in June and July,
and in Suffolk.

Sp. 10. similis. Nigricans, abdomine pedibusque pieeis, antennis nigris, alis
immaculatis anticis J'uscescentibus venis fuscis, posticis subhyalinis. (Long,
corp. 1 — l^lin.; Exp. Alar. 4§ — 6 lin.)

Ps. similis. Kirby? MSS.—Steph. Catal. 312. No. 3498.

Blackish : sutures of the thorax and metathorax ochreous or yellowish ;
abdomen pitchy ; legs brownish ; antennae black ; wings immaculate,
anterior brownish, with a golden gloss and darker brown nervures, the latter
interrupted with white between the stigma and the inner edge, forming a*
waved fascia ; stigma fuscous, posterior slightly brownish.

Not uncommon in the vicinity of London, in the summer.

Sp. 1 1 . bifasciatus. Flavo nigroque variegatns, alis anticis Jasciis 2-bus trans-
versalibvs punctoque nigris. (Long. corp. 1 — \\ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3^ — 4| lin.)

Ps. bifasciatus. Laireille.—Steph. Catal. 416. No. 3499.

Varied with yellow and black : anterior wings with two transverse streaks-

and a stronger marginal dot, or a stigma, black ; antennae and legs

ochreous.

Common near London, in June and July ; also in Suffolk.

Sp. 12. contaminatus. Piccus, nigro variegatus, antennis pedibusque brunneis,
alis anticis fuscis 2-bus transversalibus versus basin stigmateque brunneis.
(Long. corp. IJ lin.; Exp. Alar. 4 lin.)

Ps. contaminatus. Kirby ? MSS.—Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3500.

Pitchy, variegated with black; antennae and legs pitchy-brown; wings
hyaline, anterior with a faint brown transverse streak at the base, and
another stronger one before the middle; stigma and nervures fuscous,
posterior immaculate, with pale iiiscous nervures.

Found also near London, and in Suffolk.

Sp. 13. megastigmus. Ochraceus, capite brunneo lineato, thoracefusco nebuloso,
alis hyalinis, anticis Jusei a obsoleta media, macula, stigmateque mag no, fuscis.
(Long. corp. IJ lin.; Exp. Alar. 4 lin.)

Ps. megastigmus. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 116.

Ochreous : head with short longitudinal brown lines in front ; eyes large,
black; thorax clouded with fuscous; abdomen pitchy, with the edges
of the segments ochreous ; legs pale ; wings hyaline, anterior with a very
faint transverse fascia, a spot between it and the base of the stigmats

PSOCID.E. — PSOCUS. 121

(which are very large) fuscous, the basal portion of the latter paler;
nerrures pale fuscous ; jwsterior immaculate.

Taken in June, near London.

Sp. 14. subnebulosus. Ochraceus, nigra variegatus, antennis pedibusque
pallidis, alts hyalinis, anticis nebulis fuscescentibus. (Long. corp. f lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 2 lin.)

Ps. subnebulosus. Steph. Nomen. 9d edit. col. 116.

Ochreous: eyes and spot on the crown black; thorax varied with black ;
abdomen with its apex black; legs and antennae pale; wings hyaline,
anterior pair with faint fuscous clouds, the nervures and stigma also
fuscous, but darker ; posterior immaculate.

Found at Hertford, in June.

** Discoidal areolet open towards the inner apex.

Sp. 15. longicornis. Niger, ore pedibusque pallidis, antennis longioribus futcis,
alis anticis hyalinis stigmate Jusco. (Long. corp. 1 — 1§ lin.; Exp. Alar.
4i— 5^ lin.)

Ps. longicornis. Fabricius. — Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3501.

Black: thorax and abdomen immaculate; mouth pale; legs wholly pale;

wings hyaline, with the nervures and stigma fuscous ; antennae rather long

and fuscous, immaculate.
The head is sometimes ochreous in front.

Abundant in June, within the metropolitan district : also found in
Suffolk.

Sp. 16. immunis. Fuscus,Jlavo variegatus, pedibus antennarumque bast luteo-
ochraseis, alis hyalinis, stigmate subfusco. (Long. corp. 1| lin.; Exp. Alar.
5ilin.)

Ps. immunis. Kirby MSS— Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3502.

Head yellow, dotted with fuscous above, the front streaked with pale brown,
clypeiis in the middle and tips of the mandibles dusky ; eyes prominent,
brown; thorax fuscous, the sutures and under part yellow; abdomen
fuscous, the edges of the segments and two dots at the apex yellow ; legs
luteous-ochre, tarsi dusky; wings hyaline, nervures very faint; stigma
fuscescent : antennae somewhat ochreous, the apex dusky.

Found in July near London, and in Suffolk.

Sp. 17. venosus. Ochraceo-rufus, capite thoraceque fusco punciatis, pedibus
pallidis, antennis fuscis, articulo basali iuteo, alis limpidis nervis fuscescentibus.
(Long. corp. 1 J lin. ; Exp. Alar. 5^ lin.)

Ps. venosus. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit, col, 116.

Mandibulata, Vot,. VL, August 15th, 1836. Q

122 MANDIBUI,ATA XKUROPT KRA.

Ochreous-red : tips of palpi fuscescent ; forehead with a fuscous streak, and a
paler cloud on the crown ; eyes fuscous ; thorax with three fuscous spots
in front, and two on the metathorax ; abdomen immaculate ; legs pale, tips
of tarsi black; wings limpid, faintly tinged with yellowish; nervures
slightly fuscescent; stigma hyaline; antennae fuscous, the basal joint
luteous.
Also taken neai' London, and at Ripley and Hertford, in June

and July.

Sp. 18. vittatus. Atro-fuscus, ahdomine piceo, pedibus anteiinarumque basi
pallidis, alis anticisvittahitafusca, nervis saturatioribus. (Long. corp. 1 — 1|
lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3 — 3§ lin.)

Ps. vittatus. Kirby MSS.—Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3503.

Deep shining fuscous: abdomen pitchy; legs pale yellowish; tarsi fuscescent
above ; wings fuscescent-hyaline, anterior with a broad longitudinal darker
fuscous streak from the base to the apex, branching off to the stigma,
which is hyaline ; nervures dark fuscous, paler towards the margin ;
posterior wings with the costa pale ; antennae fuscous, with the base within
pale or yellowish.

Immature specimens have the head and thorax, as well as the abdomen, pitchy,
of red, and the vitta on the wings somewhat flavescent-brown, with a
golden tinge-
Also found at Ripley and Hertford, in the summer, and at Dover,

8cc. abundantly.

Sp. 19. ochropterus. PaUide ochraceus, abdomine rufo, cnpite thoracequefusco
punctatis, pedibus JIavis, alis subochraceis, vents fuscescentibus. (Long,
corp. |— 1 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 2§— Sg lin.)

Ps. ochropterus. Kirby MSS.—Steph. Cutal. 313. No. 3504.

Pale ochreous : head and thorax spotted with fuscous ; abdomen pale red ;
legs pale ochreous yellow; wings hyaline, slightly tinged with ochreous,
the nervures, especially the inner one of the anterior wings, fuscous;
antennae pale, the tip fuscescent.
Taken in July at Ripley, and in Suffolk.

Sp.20. tlavidum. Capite thoracecjue ochraceo-rujis, oculis atris, ahdomine jlavo,
pedibus pallidis, alis hyalinis, subfuscescentibus nervis saturatioribus. ( Long,
corp. I lin. ; Exp. Alar. 2^ — 3 lin.)

Ps. flavidum. Kirby MSS.—Steph. Catal. 313. No. 350.5.

Head and thorax above pale ochreous-red, immaculate, beneath yellow ; eyes
black ; abdomen sulphur-yellow ; legs pale ; wings hyaline, slightly fus-
cescent, with the nervures darker ; antennae pale, a little fuscescent at the
apex above.
Also taken near I^pndon, and in SuffJ^lk.

PSOCID.E. I'SOCUS. 123

Sp. 21. flavicans. Niger, collare, abdoniineque Jlavis. (Long. corp. % lin.;
Exp. Alar. 3 lin.)

He. flavicans. LiniiL—Vs. flavicans. Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3606.
Head black; neck yellow; thorax blackish; abdomen ovate, yellow; legs
blackish ; wings hyaline, with ol-scure branching nervures; antennae black.

Found near London ; also at Hertford and in Suffolk, in July.

Sp. 22. obsoletus. Pallide rufo-ochr actus, capite postice, abdomineque macula,
dorsali, atris, alls obscure J'uscesceiitibus, nervis tenuibus saturatioribusque.
(Long. corp. | lin.; Exp. Alar. 2§ lin.)

Ps. obsoletus. Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3507.

Pale ochreous-red : mouth yellow; head behind black; thorax immaculate;
abdomen somewhat yellowish-red, with a large patch of black on the back;
legs very pale ochre ; wings obscurely fuscescent, with very slender darker
nervures; stigma pale flavescent-brown; antennae pale testaceous, with
dusky hairs.

Found in July, near London.

Sp. 23. hyalinus. Fusco-piceus, pedibus pallidioribus, abdominis basi ochraceo-
Jlavd, alis hyalinis, limpidis, stigmate fusco. (Long. corp. 1 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
3 lin.)

Ps. hyalinus. Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3508.

Head pitchy-brown, clypeus and mouth paler; eyes black; thorax pitchy-
red, immaculate ; abdomen above pitchy-brown, with the base ochreous-
yellow, beneath pale pitchy-red ; legs rufo-piceous, with the tibiae palest ;
wings hyaline, limpid, nervures and stigma fuscous ; antennae short, pitchy-
brown, palest at the base-
Taken in June, near London.

Sp. 24. bipunctatus. Flavo nigroque varius, alis anticis rnaculis 2-bus nigri-
cantibus. (Long. corp. | — 1| lin.; Exp. Alar. 2^ — 3\ lin.)

He. bipunctatus. Linne. — Ps. bipunctatus. Steph. Catal. 313. N'o. 350.9.

Varied with black and yellow, greenish during life ; wings hyaline, with
fuscous nervures, anterior with the stigma blackish, and a spot of the same
towards the base of the inner margin.

Found occasionally within the metropolitan district, and in Suffolk,
in the summer.

Sp. 25. sexpunctatus. Fiiscus : alis anticis maculis fuscis punctisque 6 dis-
tinctis. (Long. corp. | — 1 lin.; Exp. Alar. 2^—3 lin.)

He. sexpunctatus. Liun'c. — Ps. sexpunctatus. Steph. Catal. 313. N'o. 3510.

Fuscous : wings hyaline, with a golden tint ; anterior with fuscous clouds or

124 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

spots, and six distinct blacliish dots, disposed somewhat semicircularly
towards the outer base of the wings ; posterior immaculate.

Also taken near London, and in Suffolk.

Sp. 26. quadrimaculatus. Nigrojlavoque varius, alis anticis maculis 4 brunneis.
(Long. corp. 1 lin.; Exp. Alar. 3 lin.)

Ps. quadrimaculatus. Latreille. — Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3512.

Varied with black and pale yellow; wings hyaline, anterior with four brown
spots ; antennae pitchy.

Not uncommon within the metropolitan district, where it occurs
in the summer.

8p. 27. striatulus. Fuscus, fiavo maculatus, alis hyalims, anticis fusco striatts.
(Long. corp. 1 lin.; Exp. Alar. 3 lin.)

Ps. striatulus. Fabricius. — Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3511.

Head yellow, mouth and eyes fuscous ; thorax fuscous ; breast yellow ;
abdomen fuscous, the sides ochreous ; logs pale yellow ; anterior wings
hyaline, with fuscous nervures; posterior immaculate; antennae fuscous.

Found in ths summer near London.

Sp. 28. flaviceps. Fuscus, capite, pedibusque ochraceo-Jlavis, antennis rufo^
piceis, alis hyalims nebulis obscuris subfuscescentibus. (Long. corp. ^ lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 2^ lin.)

Ps. flaviceps. Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3513.

Head pale ochreous-yellow ; eyes black ; thorax and abdomen fuscous, the
edges of the segments a little palish; legs pale ochreous yellow: antennae
short, deep pitchy-red; wings hyaline, with pale fuscous nervures and
obscure fuscescent cloil^s between them.

Taken at Kipley, in June.

Sp. 29. subocellatus. Niger, albido variegatus, antennis brevihus, alis hyalinis
maculis aliquot subocellaiis nervisque fuscescentibus. (Long. corp. f — 1 lin.;
Exp. Alar. 2^—3 lin.)

Ps. subocellatus. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Black : head and thorax varied with whitish ; a lateral streak and the extreme
edges of the segments of the abdomen also whitish ; legs pale, knees
fuscescent; wings hyaline, anterior with the nervures pale fuscous ; each
areolet with a fuscous spot on a pale ground, producing an ocellated
appearance ; antennae rather short.

Found at Hertford and Ripley, and in other places within the
metropolitan district, in June and July.

PSOCID.E. PSCCUS. 125

b. First iiervure of anterior wings trifurcate.

Sp. 30. immaculatus. Pallide ochraceus, oculis atris, antennis longioribus fus-
cescentibus, pedibus pallidis, alis limpidis, nervis temiibus stigmateque fusces-
centibus. (Long. corp. 1 — 1| liii. ; Exp. Alar. 4 — 5 lin.)

Ps. immaculatus. Kirby MSS—Steph. Cotal. 313. No. 3514.

Very pale ochreous^ immaculate; eyes deep black; legs pale, with the tarsi
fuscescent; antennae rather long and brownish, the basal joint pale; wings
longish and narrow, limpid, nervures very slender, and pale fuscescent ;
stigma also fuscescent, but very pale.

Found in June near London; also at Ripley and in Suffolk.

Sp. 31. rufescens. Rufescente-Jlavus, capife thoraceque nigra viaculatis, abdominis
dorso subpiceo, pedibus ochraneo-pallidis, antennis longioribus, alis limpidis,
stigmate concolore. (Long. corp. l.| lin. ; Exp. Alar. 44 lin.)

Ps. rufescens. Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3515.

Reddish-yellow : crown with a dusky spot, and thorax with three blackish
ones ; abdomen above somewhat pitchy ; legs pale ochreous ; antennse
rather long and fuscous, with the basal joint pale; wings long and limpid,
stigma concolorous ; nervures very slender and brownish.

Taken at Hertford in June.

Sp. 32. flavescens. Ochraceo-Jlavus, immaculatus, oculis atris, antennis longio-
ribus fuscis, pedibus pallide Jlavescentibus, alis limpidis, stigmate suhfuscescente,
venis tenuissimis fuscescentibus. (Long. corp. 1^ lin.; Exp. Alar. 4i lin.)

Ps. flavescens. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 116.

Pale ochreous-yellow, immaculate; eyes black; legs pale yellowish; antennae
rather long and fuscous, the basal joints palish ; wings limpid, with the
stigma slightly fuscescent, nervures very slender, and pale fuscescent.

Found at Ripley and Hertford, and other places within the me-
tropolitan district, during the summer.

Sp. 33. quadripunctatus. Niger, antennis abdomine pedibusque pallidis, alis
hyalinis, anticis basi punctis 4 atris, apicefusco radiatis. (Long. corp. % — 1
lin. ; Exp. Alar. 2§— 32 lin.)

Ps. 4-punctatus. Fabricius. — Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3516.

Head and thorax black, immaculate ; abdomen, legs, and antennae pale ;
wings hyaline, anterior with four distinct large black spots at the base*
three of which are on the inner margin, and one towards the disc, the apex
with radiating fuscous streaks, posterior immaculate.

In immature specimens the head and thorax are pale pitchy-red.

Very abundant on trunks of trees, throughout the metropolitan
district, during the summer ; found also in Suffolk and near Dover.

126 MANDIBULATA. NKUllOPTERA.

Sp. 34. subpunctatus. Pallide rufus, ocuUs atris, antennis pedihusque pallidis,
alls subjlavescentibus nebulis aliquot obscuris nervisque fuscescentibus. (Long.
Corp. I lin.; Exp. Alar. 2| ]in.)

Ps. subpunctatus. Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3517.

Pale red: eyes deep black; antennae and legs pale; wings somewhat of a
pale yellowish hue, with the nervures and a few obscure dots, or clouds,
fuscescent.

Found in the vicinity of London in June.

Sp. 35. costalis. Testaceo-rvfus, capite thoracaquej'usco punctaiis, oculis atris,
antennis pedihusque pallide rufis, alls anticis, casta praesertim,fusco viaculatis.
(Long. corp. 1 lin. ; Exp. Alar. a| lin.)

Ps. costalis. Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3518.

Testaceous-red: eyes deep black; head and thorax with fuscous spots,
darkest on the latter; legs and antennae pale red ; wings hyaline, slightly
flavescent, the nervures brownish, the disc and costa with several largish
fuscous clouds and spots.

Also taken near London in June.

Sp. 36. nervosus. Tcsiaceo-rufus, oculis, thoracis dorso, ahdontinisque apice
atris, alis hyalinis venisfuscescentibus. (Long. corp. 1 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 3^^ lin.)

Ps. nervosus. Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3519.

Testaceous-red : eyes black ; back of thorax the same ; abdomen light red,
its apex and a dorsal line black ; legs pale ; wings hyaline, the nervures
slightly fuscescent; stigma brownish.

Found in June witliin the metropolitan district.

Sp. 37. maculipennis. Niger, pedibus piceis, alis tuiticis fusco nehulosis macu-
lisque 2-bus magnis versus apicem saturatioribus. (Long. corp. 1 lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 3i lin.)

Ps. maculipennis. Steph. Nvmen. 2d edit. col. 117.

Black, with some pitchy tints on the sutures of the thorax; legs pitchy;
wings hyaline, anterior with the nervures and some ol>scure clouds
fuscescent, and with two large fuscous spots (one the stigma), the other
opposed to it on the anal angle ; the base of the stigma pale.

Taken near London in July.

B. Anterior wings without a discoidal areolet ; second nervure trifid.

Sp. 38. nigricornis. Niger, collaris et thoracis lateribus pedihusque rufo-piceis,

antennis atris, alisfusco-hi/alinis. (Long. corp. | lin.; Exp. Alar. 2| lin.)

Ps. nigricornis. Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3520.

Black : sides of tlic collar and of the thorax pitchy-red; abdomen dull black;.

PsociD.i;. — psocus. 127

legs deep piceous, with a tinge of red towards the inner base of the femora
and of the tibiae ; antennae deep bhick, and slightly pilose in the males ;
wings hyaline, fuscous; nervures and stigma darker.

Taken in June at Hertford.

Sp. 39. phseopterus. Rufo-piceus, antennis pedibusque pallidioribus, alis hyalinis
saturate fuscis, venis stigmateque saturatiorihus. (Long. corp. | — 1 lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 2^—3 lin.)

Ps. phseopterus. Kirhy MSS.—Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3521.

Pitchy-red: eyes blackish; legs and antennae pale pitchy-red, the latter
rather short, and slightly pilose in the males ; wings deep fuscous, hyaline,
with the nervures and stigma darker.

In some examples there is a whitish fascia on the abdomen, and the extreme
edges of the segments are occasionally whitish.

Also found at Hertford in June, and in other places within the
metropolitan district.

Sp. 40. nigricans. Piceo-tesiaceus, pedibus pallidioribus, thorace abdomineque
supra nigricantibus, alis hyalinis, sublimpidis, nervis^ fuscis. (Long. corp.
f lin.; Exp. Alar. 2 lin.)

Ps. nigricans. Kirby MSS.—Sfeph. Catal. 313. No. 3o22.

Head pitchy-testaceous : thorax blackish above, the sides and beneath pitchy-

or reddish-testaceous ; abdomen also pitchy-testaceous, beneath blackish ;

legs pale testaceous ; antennae dusky ; wings hyaline, nearly limpid, the

nervures fuscous ; stigma slightly fuscescent.

Taken in the vicinity of London, and in Suffolk.

Sp. 41. abdominalis. Fuscns, abdomiiiejlavo, ano nigro, alis hyalinis, antennis
brevioribus. (Long. corp. ^ lin.; Exp. Alar, li — If lin.)

Ps. alxlominalis. Fabricius.—Stvph. Catal 313. No. 3523.

Fuscous: abdomen pale yellow, with its tip black; wings hyaline, immacu-
late ; nervures fuscous ; legs and antennse pale, the latter short.

Found near London in the summer.

Sp. 42. dubius. Rufo-piceus, antennis pedibusque pallidioribus, abdominis dorso

vittd nigricante, alis hyalinis, flavedine linctis, nervis subochraceo-fuscis.

(Long. corp. 2i lin.; Exp. Alar. 1| lin.)
Ps. dubius. Steph. Catal. 313. No. 3524.
Pitchy-red : eyes fuscous ; abdomen with a blackish streak down the back ;

legs and antennae pale pitchy-red ; wings hyaline, with a yellowish tinge;

the nervures of an ochreous-brown.

Taken in June near London.

128 WANDIBULATA. NEUROl'TKK A.

Genus XXIIL— ATROPOS, Leach.

AntenncB long and slender, composed of about 14 joints, the two basal ones
robust, the remainder slender, cylindric, slightly pilose, gradually decreasing
in length from the fourth, which is the longest : palpi with the two basal
joints of equal length, the third longer and more slender, the terminal one
stouter, obtuse, nearly as long as the other three: lahrum transverse,
rounded in front : head somewhat quadrate : eyex small, lateral : collar very
short, transverse : thorax quadrate : ivings none : abdomen oblong, or ovate,
depressed, soft ; legs moderate ; four anterior femora slightly thickened,
tip attenuated ; posterior pair considerably incrassated, narrowed at the apex :
tibia all slender and simple ; tarsi short, 3-articulate.

The minute insects belonging to this genus may be known from
the Psoci by not only being destitute of wings, but by having the
tarsi 3-articulate, the body depressed, the hinder femora very much
incrassated, and in the form of the head and trophi : they are found
among collections of insects, plants, and animals, when unprotected
by camphor, &c. and are sometimes very destructive to the former,
especially to minute Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera,
consuming the cilia of the wings of the former, and the antennae of
the others. They are commonly known by the name of death-watch
or hook-louse, the latter from their great resemblance to the insect
whose cognomen it bears, and the former from their habits, they
having the propensity, in common with certain Anobia, of making a
peculiar noise, which somewhat resembles the ticking of a watch, and
is sometimes prolonged, at intervals of about a minute, for a con-
siderable time. The anatomical details of the type of this genus are
given by Nitzsche, in the fourth vol. of Germar"'s Magazin der
Entomologie, accompanied by a plate (No. II.)

Sp. 1. pulsatorius. Pallidum, abdomine oblongo, ore rubra, oculis Ititeis. (Long..

Corp. i — I lin.)
Termes pulsatorium. Linne. — Wood, ii. pi. 75. — At. pulsatorius. Steph.

Catal. 313. No. 3525.
Oblong, pale : eyes yellow ; antennae as long as the body ; abdomen beneath

with a fuscous spot, and a dot of the same towards its apex ; stigmata

rufescent ; mouth red.
Latreille supposes this to be the larva of Psocus abdominalis, but I cannot

assent to this opinion.

Very abundant, at all times, in neglected boxes of dried insects,
and in books.

KAPHIDIID.E, — -HAPHIDIA. 129

Sp. 2. fatidicus. Ochraceus, abdomine ovaio, ot-e pallida, oculisfuscis. (Long.
Corp. I — 1 lin.)

Ter. fatidicum. Linne. — At. fatedicum. Stcph. Catal. 3H. No. 3526.

Ochreous : body ovate ; eyes fuscous ; antenniE and mouth pale.

Found, occasionally, in collections of insects, &c.

Family IV.— RAPHIDIID^, Leach.

Antennw nearly setaceous : ocelli three, arranged in a triangle : thorax with ltd
first segment, or collar, very much elongated, narrow ; 2nd, or metathorax,
broader and shorter : wings of nearly equal size, reticulated : abdomen
elongate, compressed, soft: legs slender; tibitE cylindric ; spurs minute
tarsi with four distinct joints, the last but one bilobate. Larva somewhat
linear-elongate, soft, pubescent, dilated in the middle: head elongate,
smooth ; collar corneous and elongate ; legs six, whitish ; pupa quiescent,
with the parts exposed as in those of Tenthredinidfe.

The insects belonging to this family may be instantly recognised
by the great length of their neck, or collar, to which is attached a
large obovate head, having the eyes prominent laterally and rather
forward, the clypeus broad, inflected, &c. ; the wings are all nearly
alike and of similar bulk, with very distinct nervures, but which
frequently differ on the opposite wings of the same individual, though
there is a general habit of permanence existing : — one genus only is
found in Britain.

Genus XXIV.— RAPHIDIA Atfcforum.

Aniennce with very numerous, short, articulations, the two basal ones largest :
palpi filiform, maxillary four-jointed ; labial three-jointed : labru?n somewhat
quadrate, rounded in front: mandibles acute : ^eac? oval, narrowed behind,
inflexed : clypeus broad : eyes prominent : collar very long, cylindric, slightly
narrowed in front : wings deflexed, nervures slightly hairy : abdomen of the
males, with two teeth at the apex ; of the females, with a compressed,
elongate, transversely-striated, and somewhat incurved ovipositor.

As above stated, there is but one indigenous genus of this family,
which may be known by its very long cylindrical neck, which is
slightly narrowed in front, and bears the head, as it were, on a long
footstalk — thence called Snake-Jlies : — their larvae somewhat resemble
those of the Hemerobidae, are active, soft, elongate, dilated in the
middle ; subsists on other larvae beneath the bark of trees, &c. and

Mandtbulata, Vol. VI., Auorsr 15th, 1836. r

130 MAXDIBULATA. XELROPTEKA.

the pupa has the limbs enveloped in a membrane, but free, as in the
Hymenoptera, is quiescent, and not active, as stated by Curtis, in
copying from Latreille.

Sp. 1. Ophiopsis. Plate xxxi. f. 1. — Aira^ nitida, clypeo, antennarum bast,
Jemorum apice tibits tarsisque ochraceo-flavis, ahdomine lineis 2-bus lateralibus
marginibusque segmentorum stramineis. (Long. corp. S 5 — 65 lin.; ? 7 — 10
lin. ; Exp, Alar. 1 unc. 1 — 4 lin.)

Ra. Ophiopsis. Linni.— Curtis, v. i. pi. 37, — Steph. Catal 314. No. 3527.

Shining, black : head moderate, slightly punctured in front and behind ; clypeus,
base of the antennae, under surface and tips of the femora, the tibiae and
tarsi ochreous-yellow, base and upper surface of the femora dusky; abdomen
with two rows of straw-coloured spots on each side, and the margins of the
segments, especially in the middle of the back, and beneath of the same hue,
apex of the antennae fuscescent ; wings slightly stained with fuscous, with
fuscous nervures and black, or brownish stigma.

Found in various places within the metropolitan district, but not
very abundantly : it has occurred at Darenth and Coombe woods,
also at Colney Hatch, and in the New Forest, in June.

Sp. 2. megacephala. Atra, nitida, ore, antennarum basi, iibiis tarsisque ochraceo-
Jlavis, abdomine lineis 2-bus lateralibus stramineis, stigmate brunneo, capite
magna lined postice piced. (Long. corp. <J 6 lin. ; ? 7 — 8 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
14—15 lin.)

Ra. megacephala. Leach MSS.— Steph. Catal. 314. No. 3528.

Shining, Mack : clypeus, base of the antennae, the tibiae and tarsi ochreous-
yellow ; abdomen with two rows of straw-coloured spots on each side;
anterior femora ochreous-yellow, with the base pitchy-black, four posterior
ones pitchy-black, with the apex dark ochreous ; wings slightly stained with
yellowish, nervures fuscous, stigma brown ; head very large, faintly
punctured, and generally with a dull tawny streak behind.

Probably a variety of the preceding species.

Taken occasionally within the metropolitan district, in June.

Sp. 3. Londinensis. Nigra, nitida,ore, antennarum basi, collaris lateribus, tibits
tarsisque ochraceo-flavis, abdomine flavo punciato, alis hyalinis, stigmate
Jlavescente. (Long. corp. i 4—6 lin.; 9 5—7^ lin,; Exp. Alar. 8— 11§ lin.)

Ra. Londinensis. Leach MSS.— Steph. Catal. 314. No. 3529.— Ra. Ophiopsis.
Wood, \i.pl. 52?

Shining black ; mouth ochreous-yellow, varied with black ; collar with its
sides-, and occasionally its anterior edge, broadly ochreous-yellow ; meso-
ihorax with a yellowish spot in front; abdomen with a dorsal and four
lateral rows of yellow spots, the ventral segments edged with the same; legs

nixxi

.LOWtsir^ipod.^

tT^.Wa^starn ss.

Zartddn- FuhUshed o, .

RAPHIDIID.E. RAFHIDIA. l31

ochreous-yellow, the femora, especially the hinder pair, dusky above ; base
of the antennae ochreous ; wings hyaline, nervures brown ; stigma pale
yellowish.

Found in the vicinity of London, in Battersea and Copenhagen-
fields, about June, but not very common ; apparently more abundant
near Rochford, in Essex.

Sp. 4. affinis. Nigra, nitida, antennarum basi, ore, collaris marginibus, pedi-
busque anterioribus ochraceo-Jiavis, abdom.ine punctis Jlavis, alls hyalinis,
stigmate subjlavescente. (Long. corp. s 5 lin. ; ? 7 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 7 — 9 lin.)

Ra. affinis. Leach MSS.—Steph. Catal. 314. No. 3530.

Shining, black : mouth luteous, varied with black ; base of the antennae dull
ochreous ; all the margins of the collar more or less broadly ochreous-
yellow ; legs ochreous-yellow, the four anterior femora with a blackish line
above, the posterior pair wholly pitchy ; tips of hinder tarsi also pitchy ;
abdomen with minute yellow, or straw-coloured dots, placed in two rows
on each side ; wings hyaline, with fuscous nervures, and a very slightly fus-
cescent stigma.

Also taken in June, near London.

Sp. S. maculicollis. Nigra, nitida, antennarum basi, clypeo, tibiis tarsisque
ochraceo-Jlavis, collare fulvescente-ochraceo nigro maculate later ibus luteo-
Jlavis ; alls subjiavescentibus stigmate concolore, nervis fuscescentibus. (Long,
corp. (J 5 lin.; ? 6\ lin. ; Exp. Alar 6 — 8 lin.)

Ra. maculicollis. Leach MSS.—Steph. Catal. 314. No. 3531.

Black, shining : head small, slightly punctured ; base of antennae and clypeus
ochreous, the latter with two black dots beneath the antennae ; collar dull
tawny ochreous, with irregular black spots ; the lateral margins broadly
ochreous-yellow; abdomen with the edges of the segments pale yellow;
legs ochreous-yellow, with the base of the hinder femora, and a line on the
others above, dusky or blackish; wings faintly tinged with yellowish, with
the stigma concolorous ; nervures fuscescent.

Taken at Darenth wood in June ; also near Coombe wood, and in
Devonshire.

Sp. 6. confinis. Nigra, nitida, orefulvo, collaris lateribus ochraceis, pedibus
ochraceo-Jlavis, alis hyalinis, stigmate concolore, nervis fuscis. (Long, corp*^
(J 5 lin.; 9 7 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8—10 lin.)

Ra. confinis. Steph. Catal. 314. No. 3532.

Shining, black : mouth tawny, with a black dot ; antennte ochreous at the
base, and the sides of the collar the same; legs ochreous-yellow, with a
dusky line on the upper edge of all the femora ; abdomen with the margins

132 MANDIBULATA. NEUKOU'EllA.

of the segments faintly yellowish; wings hyaline, stigma the same and
colourless ; nervures fuscous.

Found in June, near London.

Section V.— MEGALOPTERINA, Mac Leay.

AniennoB moderately long, setaceous, articulations numerous, rarely very
distinct: palpi filiform or setaceous: labrum existed, transverse, entire
mandibles small : head rather large, sometimes depressed : eyes moderate :
ocelli three, or wanting : thorax with its anterior segment, or collar, large,
more or less quadrate : wings ample, deflexed or incumbent, posterior
sometimes largest ; nervures distinct, frequently variable on the two sides
of the same individual : abdomen somewhat curved or elongate, occasionally
furnished with two setae at its apex : legs longish and simple, sometimes
compressed : tarsi with five joints, and the last but one bifid, or with three
joints and nearly simple.

The insects included in this section of the order differ considerably
in habit from the remainder : they have in general longish setaceous
antennae; the head broad, mostly depressed, and more or less
inflexed ; are either destitute of ocelli, or have three placed in a
triangle ; their wings are ample, resemble each other, are rather
coarsely veined, the nervures occasionally differing in the same
example : the anterior pair are sometimes largest ; at others the
posterior are most ample, and, although not longer, their surface is
larger from their superior width : they are either deflexed or hori-
zontally incumbent. The following families are found in Britain : —

Oce//is nullis : a^/s deflexis : . . . . . • !• SiALiDiE.

3-bus, in triangulum disposilis : a& incumbentibus : . . 2. PERLiDiE.

Family I.— SIALIDIE, Leach.

Antennas inserted on the front of the head between the eyes, rather longer than
the thorax, and composed of numerous simple articulations: mandibles
small, horny, abruptly hooked at the tip, acute, toothless : palpi filiform ;
maxillary long, four-jointed, labial 3-articulate, all with the terminal joint
rather attenuated at the base and obtuse at the tip : head transverse, de-
pressed, nutant, as broad as the thorax : ocelli wanting : wings of nearly
equal size, posterior smallest, deflexed, coarsely but somewhat remotely
reticulated, the anterior pair dilated at the base of the costa, and all
destitute of a stigma : legs simple : tarsi five-jointed, with the penultimate
joint bifid, heart-shaped. Larva clongatc-conic, depressed, with six legs :

SIALID.*:. SIALIS. 133

head large, somewhat orbiculate ; eyes moderate; mandibles stout, curved;
antennae longish, somewhat setaceous, four-jointed; thorax triarticulate ;
abdomen setose, tail conic ; legs long, setose ; pupa folliculate.

Of this family one genus only is indigenous, viz. —

Genus XXV.— SIALIS, Latreille.

Antenjiw short, setaceous, composed of numerous simple joints, the basal one
robust : palpi filiform, the basal joint somewhat elongate-cylindric : man-
dibles small : head moderate, as wide as the thorax : eyes prominent : ocelli
wanting: collar ample : meso- and meta- thorax both transverse, tubercular:
wings deflexed during repose, all coarsely reticulated, anterior rather the
largest ; nervures variable : legs shortish : tibice with two very short spurs
at the apex : tarsi five-jointed, the last joint but one bifid. Larva active,
aquatic, elongate-conic, depressed, furnished with six elongate bristly legs,
two somewhat longish four-jointed antennae, and stout curved mandibles ;
the thorax is triarticulate, the abdomen furnished on each side of the seven
first segments with a branchial appendage ; terminal segment elongate,
conic, setose at the apex : pupa quiescent, reposing in a cocoon, removed
from the water.

The insects of this genus have the wings deflexed, reticulated with
strong nervures, which frequently vary in the two sides of the same
individual ; the penultimate joint of the tarsi is bifid, and the insects
are destitute of ocelli : — one indigenous species only is known, which
frequents the borders of rivers, &c.

Sp. 1. lutarius. Niger, obscurus, alisfuscis nervis nigris. (Long. corp. 4 — 7
lin.; Exp. Alar. 9 lin.— 1 unc. 7 lin.)

"fSp. 2. flavilatera. " Alis reticulatis, cauda inermi thoracis lateribus Jlavis." —

Linn^.
Phry. flavilatera. Linnc.—Berkenhout {\)—Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3684, note.

Wings somewhat cinereous, reticulated ; nervures fuscous and closely
reticulated, especially towards the outer margin, which is dilated; body
wholly blackish ; antennae half the length of the body ; tail simple, without
prominent styles; collar anteriorly and posteriorly yellowish.

I have never seen a specimen of this insect: whether, therefore, this is its true
location I am not prepared to say ; but, from the above Linnean definition,
such appears to be the case.

This insect was introduced by Berkenhout amongst our indigenous species, but
as no example has occurred in any of the numerous collections — above 250 —
that have fallen imder my inspection, I conceive its introduction must
originate in a mistake.

134 MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA.

He.lutarius. Linne? — Shaw, G. Z. v. vi. pi. 83. Jig. inf. — Si. lutarius. Steph.
Catal. 314. No. 3533.

Dull, deep black : wings fuscous, with black nervures.

The female lays a great quantity of brown conical eggs, on the leaves of

aquatic plants, &c.: they are dispersed with great symmetry, and form

large plates : the larva are very active, and swim well.

Very abundant in the vicinity of London, especially on the banks
of the Thames, in Battersea-fields, near Putney, Hammersmith, &c. :
found also near Ripley and Hertford, in the north of England and
Scotland ; also in Devonshire, near Dover, &c.

Family II.— PERLID.E, Leach.

Antennae remote, inserted before the eyes, setaceous, nearly as long as the body,
consisting of very numerous short articulations, the basal one being largest :
mandibles distinct : palpi exerted, inflexed, filiform or setaceous, maxillary
longest, the former five-jointed : head as broad as, or broader than, the
collar, somewhat trigonate, obtuse in front : eyes prominent, rather globose :
ocelli three, placed in a triangle : collar flat, transverse-quadrate : wings
incumbent, posterior generally largest, with longitudinal folds on their inner
margin, nervose, twice as long as the abdomen, which is soft, depressed-
cylindric, elongate, often furnished at the apex with two many-jointed setae
at the apex : legs compressed : tibiae and tarsi elongate-cylindric, the latter
three-jointed, short, the terminal joint longest and obconic.

The insects included in this family have the wings incumbent during
repose, but like those of the two foregoing families the reticulations
frequently vary in the same specimen : the head is large ; ocelli three
in number, the abdomen frequently furnished with two articulate
setae, and the tarsi are always simple : the insects frequent damp and
marshy places. The indigenous species may be thus divided into
genera : —

Cavda setis 2-bus multiarticulatis instructa.
Abdomen validum.

vlto in utroque sexu consimiles : . . 27. Isogenus.

dissimiles: . . 2G. Perla.

subgracile :..... 28. Chloroperla-
nmtica.

^n^ennif gracilibus, articulis subindistinctis : . 29. Nemoura.

validioribus, articulis submoniiiformibus : 30. Leuctra.

PERLID.«. — PERLA. 135

Genus XXVI.— PERLA, Geoffroy.

Antennae remote, inserted before the eyes at the base of the mandibles^ about
the length of the body, composed of numerous articulations, the basal one
stoutest and large, second smaller, remainder decreasing in size to the apex:
palpi unequal, subsetaceous, maxillary long, five-jointed; labial shorter,
triarticulate, in all the terminal joint most slender : labrum transverse,
linear : head large, much depressed, transverse-ovate : eyes lateral, promi-
nent: ocdli three: collar transverse-quadrate: meso- and meta- thorax
unequal : wings dissimilar in the sexes ; of the male not so long as the body,
of the females extending to the apex of the setae ; anterior pair elongate-
elliptic ; posterior shorter and broader, deeply incised on the outer edge :
abdomen short, sessile, furnished at its apex with two long jointed setse : legs
simple, longest in the males.

The insects of this genus are usually of a large size, and the sexes
are very dissimilar, the males (which is rather extraordinary) having
the wings very much abbreviated ; their legs are also elongated, and
their general habit is very dissimilar to the females, which have large
expansive wings ; the legs are rather shorter than in the males ; both
sexes have the palpi of dissimilar length, the maxillary ones being
much longest, with the last joint slender, and the labrum is linear
and somewhat tubercular in the middle.

Sp. 1. marginata. Fusca, capitis macnlis abdominis marginc Jlavescentibus,
antennis corpore longiuribus, thorace subtransverso. (Long. corp. $ 6 — 7 lin. ;
5 8—10 lin.; Exp. Alar. $ 9 lin. ; 9 1 unc. 11 lin. — 2 unc. 6 lin.)

Pe. marginata. Fabricius.—Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3535.

Fuscous : antennse as long as the body ; head moderate, black, varied with
yellow or ochreous, and with some glossy elevated spots ; thorax somewhat
transverse, with the disc rugged, a longitudinal dorsal channel, having an
elevated line on each side ; abdomen more or less ochreous, or yellowish, on
its sides and towards the apex; setse as long as the antennae, yellowish,
with fuscescent rings; legs with the tibiae and tarsi sometimes yellowish, or
dull ochreous ; wings fuscescent, wilh darker nervures, the fourth discoidal
areolet of the posterior pair simple. Pupa pale fuscous, spotted with
dusky.

Variable both in size and in colour : in some examples, especially females, the
head is ochreous, or yellowish, with two black frontal spots; the thorax is
also occasionally varied with ochreous, and the legs are wholly of that
colour: — in this state I suspect the insect is the Per. flavipes, ia^re/'Z/e,
Hist. Nat. Crust. S^c. v. xiii. p. 49 ; and the larger specimens to be the Per*
grandis, Curtis, fol. 190. — Sfeph. Caial. 314. No. 3534.

136 MANDIBULATA. — XEUROFTERA.

Not common in the metropolitan district : it has occurred near
Sydenham, on the banks of the Croydon Canal ; but in the north of
England, and in several parts of Scotland, it appears to abound in
June and the beginning of July : it is, in common with other species
the genus, a favourite food of trout.

Sp. 2. cephalotes. Fusca, capita lato ochraceo-maculato, ihorace transverso-
quadrato, rugoso, antennis setisqve brevibus. (Long. corp. $ 5 — 6§lin. j
9 6—8 I'm. ; Exp. Alar, $ 9 lin.; 9 1 unc. 10 lin.— 2 unc. 4 lin.)

Pe. cephalotes. Curtis, v. iv. pi. 100. — Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3536.

FuscouSj shining : head broader than the thorax, with its base and a transverse
streak between the eyes ochreous ; thorax transverse-quadrate, rugged, with
a central dorsal channel, having an elevated line on each side curved out-
wards ; abdomen ochreous at the tip, of the females frequently entirely so ;
setse not so long as the antennae, which are rather short: wings fuscescent,
with a greenish tinge in the females ; nervures fuscous, the fourth discoidal
areolet of the posterior pair mostly with two transverse nervures at the
apex. Pupa fuscous.

Found on the borders of the lakes in Cumberland and Westmore-
land ; also in Scotland in June ; but I believe not within the metro-
politan district.

Sp. 3. bicaudata. Fusca, capite thoraceque lined longitudinali fulva. (Long,
corp. $ 8 lin. ; 9 5 — 7 lin.; Exp. Alar. $ 8 lin.; 9 1 unc. 4 — 6 lin.)

Ph. bicaudata. Linne. — Pe. bicaudata. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3537.

Fuscous : head with an irregular longitudinal tawny or orange streak behind;
thorax transverse, rugged, with a transverse impressed line in front, and a
longitudinal channel, bordered on each side by a raised line, the space
between which is tawny or orange, forming a longitudinal streak of that
colour ; abdomen ochreous beneath ; setee nearly as long as the body,
stoutish ; antennae as long as the setae ; wings fuscescent, with darker
nervures.

Var. j8. Pe. nervosa. Steph. Catal. 315. N'o. 3538.— With the wings broader,
of a deeper hue, with very dark and distinct nervures.

Found occasionally in June, on the banks of the Thames, near
London, as at Fulham, Battersea, Hammersmith, &c. ; also in the
north of England and in Devonshire.

Genus XXVII.— ISOGENUS, Newman.

Antennw remote, slender, shorter than the body, composed of numerous
remote articulations, the two basal joints largest, the remainder gradually

rERLID.£. ISOGENUS. CHLOROPERLA. 137

decreasing in size and length : palpi nearly equal, maxillary five-jointed,
the two last joints short, more slender than the others ; labial three-
articulate, the apical joint very short and slender : labrum transverse, linear,
rounded in front : head large, depressed, transverse-quadrate : eyes very
prominent: ocelli three, placed triangularly: co//ar transverse; meso- and
meia- thorax tubercular : wings alike in the sexes ; anterior elongate-elliptic,
rounded at the apex, as long as the sette.

From the circumstances of the sexes being similar in habit, by
both possessing ample wings, I think Mr. Newman has acted
judiciously in dividing this genus from the preceding, although in
other respects the structure is very similar to that of Perlae ; the
insects are, however, of a more slender form, approximating to those
of the following genus, likewise divided by Mr. Newman from Perla,
but forming a beautifully-intermediate link in the chain of affinities :
the palpi appear to be of nearly equal length, the labrum more
rounded in front, and the antennae shorter than in Perla.

Sp. 1. nubecula. Plate xxxi. f. 4. — Alts anticis sordide hyalinis, nubecula
CQstali ultra medium fusca. (Long. corp. 7§ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 3 — 5 lin.)

Is. nubecula. Ent. Mag. (^Newman) v. i. p. 415. — Steph, Nomen. 2d edit.
Appendix.

Dark brown : head and thorax with a longitudinal ochreous line ; anterior
wings hyaline, slightly tinged with brown, and having a little oval cloud of
a darker brown on the costal margin, situated about one-third of the distance
from the tip towards the body; posterior wings beautifully hyaline,
iridescent ; legs pale brown.

The oval cloud on the costa of the anterior wings is sometimes indistinct, as
in the example figured.

Mr. Newman, to whom I am indebted for this species, says that it
is abundant in the neighbourhood of running waters in Herefordshire,
Worcestershire, Nottinghamshire, &c. and is the favourite food of
trout and grayling.

Genus XXVIII.— CHLOROPERLA, Newman MSS.

Antenna remote, rather slender, as long as, or longer than, the body, composed
of numerous joints, the basal one large, the next smaller, the reniainder
gradually smaller and shorter : palpi dissimilar ; maxillary elongate, the
two last joints most slender, the terminal one shortest; labial short, the
apical joint short and slender : labrum small, linear, straight in front : head
broad, considerably depressed : eyes prominent : collar ample, transverse-
quadrate: meso- and meta- thorax unequal : wings ample, mostly tinged with

Mandibui.ata, Vol. VI., August 15th, 1836. s

138 MANDIBULATA — NEUROPTERA.

greenish hues, anterior elongate and narrowish, posterior wider, with the
hinder margin excised : abdomen slender, its apex furnished with two jointed
setae : legs simple.

Although there is not much structural dissimilarity between the
insects of this and of the two foregoing genera, yet, from their great
diversity of habit, I perfectly coincide with Mr. Newman in removing
them from Perla : the sexes are alike, and all the species are more or
less distinguished by having the wings tinted with yellowish- or
ochreous-green ; the nervures are fewer in number, and much less
distinct than in Perla or Isogenus ; the insects are of a more slender
form, &c.

A. Anterior wings with four discoidal areolets, the third and fourth with
numerous transverse nervures.

Sp. 1. fuscipennis. Ochraceo-viridis, abdominis dorso oculisque nigris, alis sub-
fuscescentibus, veuis saturatioribus, (Long. corp. 4§ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 1 unc.
i— 1 lin.)
Pe. fuscipennis. Curtis? — Steph, Catal. 315. No. 3539.

Ochreous-green : eyes and ocelli black ; sides of the collar somewhat dusky ;
abdomen above black, its sides and beneath ochreous-green ; legs yellowish-
green ; wings slightly fuscescent, with a greenish tinge, the nervures
darker.

Found in the north of England and in Scotland, in June.

Sp.2. lateralis. Ochraceo-viridis, oculis atris, thoracis later ibus,abdominisque
dorso nigris, pedibus jlavescentihus fuscescente sublineatis. (Long. corp. 4 —
44 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9—13 lin.)

Pe. lutea. Steph. Catal. 315. Xo. 3540.— Pe. viridis. Curtis, fo. 190.— Pe. la-
teralis. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Ochreous-green : eyes and ocelli black ; thorax, or rather the collar, with a
broad black margin ; abdomen black above, the base of the ventral segments
dusky; legs yellowish-green, with faint fuscescent streaks ; antennae dusky
at the apex ; wings greenish-yellow, with concoiorous nervures.

Not uncommon within the metropolitan district, especially in the
vicinity of Ripley, in Walsham-meadows, in June ; also found in the
New Forest, and abundantly near Leominster.

Sp* 3. media. Virescente-Jlava, oculis atris, abdominis dorso, mesothorace postice
metathoraceque nigris, alis viridi-Jlavescentibus. (Long. corp. 4 — 44- lin.; Exp.
Alar. 10—12 lin.)

Pe. media. Curtis?— Steph. Catal 315. No. 3541.

PERLID.E. — CHLOROl'EKLA. 139

Greenish-yellow : eyes and ocelli black : sides of the collar obscurely
fuscescent ; mesothorax behind and metathorax black ; abdomen black
above; legs greenish-yellow> with a dusky streak on the femora; wings
pale greenish-yellow, nerrures darker.
Taken near Darenth wood in June, and in Westmoreland.

Sp. 4. venosa. Rufescentb-ochracea, oculis atris, colla7'is lateribus ahdominisque
dorso nigris, alls Jlavescente-viridilms nervis fuscesctntibus. (Long. corp.
4> lin. ; Exp. Alar. 11^ lin.)

Pe. venosa. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3542.

Reddish-ochre, with a greenish tinge : eyes and ocelli black ; collar with its
lateral margins broadly black ; abdomen black above, its sides ochreous-
green ; legs greenish ochre ; antetmse dusky, ochreous at the base ; wings
yellowish-green, with fuscescent nervures.
Found in June, near London.

Sp. 5. rufescens. Ochraceo-rufescens, oculis, lineis^-ahus collaris, ahdominisque
dorso nigris, alis subjiavescentibus nervis concoloribus. (Long. corp. 4 — 41 lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 11—13 lin.)

Pe. rufescens. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 117.

Reddish ochre : eyes and ocelli black ; collar with two longitudinal black
streaks ; abdomen black above, its sides ochreous, and the base of the
ventral segments dusky ; legs reddish ochre, with a green tinge ; wings
pale yellowish, with a reddish hue, the nervures darker, but concolorous ;
antennae dusky at the tip.
Also taken near London, in June.

B. Anterior wings with three discoidal areolets, the third with few (2-4)
inaequidistant transverse nervures.

Sp. 6. flava. Ochraceo-viridis, antennis apice oculisque atris, alis suhflavessente~
viridibus. (Long. corp. 1^ — 2^ lin.; Exp. Alar. 6 — 7^ lin.)

Se. flava. Four. Ent. Par. ii. p. 349. — Se. viridis. Fabricius. — Pe. viridis.
Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3543.

Ochreous-green : antennae black at the tip ; eyes and ocelli black ; collar with
a faint broad dusky margin ; abdomen green, with a blackish streak above ;
legs greenish immaculate; wings faintly tinged with yellowish-green, with
darker concolorous nervures, the latter few in number ; caudal setse pale.
Apparently not very common : found occasionally near London,

but more abundantly in Westmoreland and in Carnarvonshire in

June, and especially at Leominster.

Sp. 7. pallida. Pallide rufescente-ochracea, oculis atris, alis hyalinis limpidis,

nervis suhochraceo-virescentibus. (Long. corp. 2 lin.; Exp. Alar. 6 lin.)
Pe. pallida. Steph. Catal 315. No. 3544.

s2

140 MANDIBULATA. — NEUROPTERA.

Pale reddish ochreous : eyes and ocelli deep black ; collar and abdomen
immaculate ; legs pale ochreous green ; antennae the same, dusky at the
apex ; caudal setae pale ; wings hyaline, limpid, with an almost evanescent
tinge of yellowish-green, the nervures pale ochreous-green.

Found near London, in June.

Genus XXIX.—NEMOURA, Latreille.

AntenncB setaceous, remote, placed before the eyes, and composed of
numerous very short cylindric articulations, the basal one being largest :
palpi filiform, with the terminal joint oval-cylindric : labrum distinct, semi-
circular or subquadrate, rather broader than long, rounded anteriorly and
on the sides ; head rather broad, nearly vertical, not depressed : eyes small,
lateral : collar transverse-quadrate : wings incumbent during repose, some-
what folded round the body, and giving it a cylindric form : abdomen with
two extremely short tubercular processes at the apex, but destitute of setae :
legs simple : femora slightly compressed : tarsi with all the joints simple,
and of nearly equal length.

These insects may be readily distinguished from those of the fore-
going genera by wanting the elongated reticulated setae at the apex
of the abdomen, without taking other characters into consideration :
from the genus Leuctra they differ in having the anterior wings more
rounded, and furnished with a plexus of nervures towards the apex,
resembling a Greek % ; and the nervures themselves are differently
disposed. In common with the other genera of this family, these
insects are found in damp and marshy places, during the summer.

A. Anterior wings with a x-like plexus of nervures towards the apex ; the
hinder margin with six longitudinal nerves.

Sp. 1. nebulosa. Fusco-nigra, collaris later ibus rufo-piceis, pedibus pallide
rufesceniibus femoribus posticis annulo obscuro, alis cinereis nervis J'uscis'
(Long. Corp. 2^—Sk lin.; Exp. Alar. 9— 10§ lin.)

Ph. nebulosa. Linne? — Steph, Catal. 315. No. 3545.

Fuscous-black : sides of the collar somewhat pitchy-red ; legs pale reddish,

the hinder femora with an obscure blackish ring towards the apex ; wings

dull ashy-brown, with darker nervures.
This insect is the Ne. nebulosa of Latreille, but I suspect not of Linnaeus ;

his insect I believe to be Ne. variegata.

Abundant in damp hedges within the metropolitan district, espe-
cially in Robin Hood lane, near Coombe wood : found also, not un-
commonly, in the north of England, and in Scotland, and also in the
New Forest, in June.

FERLIDiE. — NEMOURA. 141

Sp. 2. fuliginosa. Fusco-nigra, capite postice, collaris laterihus, pedibusque fusco
rufescentibus, alts fuscesceniibus venis fuscis. (Long. corp. 2 — 3 lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 84—10 lin.)

Ne. fuliginosa. Sieph. Catal. 315. No. 3546.

Brown-black: head and sides of the neck dull reddish-brown: legs pale
reddish-brown, the hinder femora with a very obscure blackish spot towards
the apex above ; wings brownish^ with fuscous nervures.

Probably a suffused variety of the preceding species.

Also not uncommon in the vicinity of the metropoUs in damp

places in June.

Sp. 3. pallida. Pallide fusco-rufescens, oculis, meso- ei meta- thoracis dorso,
genicuUs intermediis, abdomineque fusco-nigris, alls hyalinis, pallidis, nervis
fuscesceniibus. (Long. corp. 3| lin. ; Exp. Alar. 10§ lin.)

Ne. pallida. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3547.

Pale reddish-brown, shining: eyes black; meso- and meta- thorax above
blackish; abdomen brown-black ; legs pale reddish-brown, the intermediate
femora blackish at the tips ; wings hyaline, pale, with slightly fuscous
nervures ; antennae reddish at the base.
Found within the metropolitan district, in June.

Sp. 4. cruciata. Fusco-nigra, collaris laterihus piceo-rvfescentibus, pedibus
pallide rufescentibus tibiis iarsisque intermediis piceo-nigris, alis fuscesceniibus
cruce nervisque saturatioribus. (Long. corp. 2\ — S\ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9 — 10^
IJn.)

Ne. cruciata. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3548.

Brown-black : labrum pale reddish ; sides of the collar pitchy-reddish ; anterior
and posterior legs pale reddish, intermediate femora the same, their hinder
sides and their tibiae and tarsi pitchy-black ; antennae long and slender,
pitchy-black, the basal joint reddish beneath; wings fuscescent, the
nervures fuscous, the transverse ones towards the apex broadly edged with
the same colour, and forming a brown x-

Not uncommon, in June, within the metropolitan district ; also
found in Scotland.

Sp. 5. affinis. Fusco-nigra, collaris marginihus rufescentibus, pedibus anficis
piceo-nigris posterioribus pallide rufis, alis cinerascentibus cruce fused, nervis
subfuscescentibus. (Long. corp. 2^ — 3 lin.; Exp. Alar. 9 — 10 lin.)

Ne. affinis. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3549.

Brown-black: margins of the collar reddish; anterior pair of legs pitchy-
black, two hinder pair pale red ; wings ashy, with the nervures somewhat
fuscescent, the transverse ones darker, and forming an obscure Xv
Also taken near London, in June.

142 MANDIBULATA. — NEUROPTERA.

Sp. 6. pusilla. Fusco-nigra, collaris laterHms pedibusque pcdlide rvfescentibus,
alis hyalinis palUdis, nervis subfuscescentibus, capite lato, antenms gracilibus.
(Long. corp. 2 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6| lin.)

Ne. pusi]la. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3550-

Pitchy-black : bead very broad ; collar with its lateral margins pale reddish ;
legs pale reddish, the femora slightly tinged with piceous ; wings hyaline,
pale, the nervures slightly fuscescent, the transverse ones darker, ajid
forming an oblique line ; antennae very slender, and rather long.

Found in the vicinity of London, in June.

Sp. 7. annulata. Rufo-fusca, nigro variegata, pedihus pallida rufescentibus
J'emorihus posticis annulo ohscuroJ\isco, alts fusco-cinereis, nervis foscis. (Long,
corp. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9 lin.)

Ne. annulata. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3551.

Dull red-brown : eyes black ; middle of the collar brown-black ; meso- and
meta- thorax varied with the same, and the back of the abdomen also
brown-black ; legs pale reddish, the hinder femora with an obscure fuscous
ring near the apex ; wings pale ashy-brown, with fuscous nervurea ; antennae
rather long and slender, dusky at the apex.

Not uncommon in the neighbourhood of Hertford in June, fre-
quenting mar&hy districts.

Sp. 8. pallipes. Piceo-brunnea, nitida, pedibus pallidis, alis hyalinis subcinereis,
nervis pallidis, antennis subpilosis. (Long. corp. l^lin. ; Exp. Alar. 5^ liu.)
Ne. pallipes. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3552.

Pitchy-brown, very shining : legs pale; wings hyaline, somewhat ashy, with
pale nervures ; antennfe slightly pilose.

Found at Coombe wood, in June.

Sp. 9. luteicornis. Nigro-picea, nitida, labro, capite posticl, collaris laieribus,
pedibusque rufescentibus, alis pallida cinereis, nervis pallidis, antennis gracilibus
pallide luteis. (Long. corp. 2^ — 3 lin.; Exp. Alar. 9 — 10 lin.)

Ne. luteicornis. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3553.

Shining, pitchy-black : labrum, head behind, and sides of the collar, reddish ;
legs pale reddish ; wings slightly cinereous, with pale nervures ; antennae
slender, pale luteous.

One of my specimens is very remarkable for the extraordinary dissimilarity of
its antennae, the right one is slender, with rather indistinct short joints, and
of the usual length ; the other is about half the length, and composed of
about 10 rather elongate subclavate joints, the terminal one being largest,
compressed and truncate, forming a kind of club !

Found in the marshes near Hertford, in the beginning of June.

PERLIDtE. — NEMOURA. 143

Sp. 10. pallicornis. Nigro-picea, nitida, antennis elongatis joedibusque paUidis,
alis subfusco-cinereis, nervis fuscis. (Long. corp. 2§ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9^1in.)

Ne. pallicornis. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3554.

Shining, pitchy-black: antennae elongate, slender, pale; legs pale; wings

somewhat of a fuscous ash, with fuscous nervures.

Also found in the vicinity of Hertford, in June.

Sp. 11. nitida. Piceo-fusca, nitida, antennis gracilibus elongatis nigris, pedibus
pallido-rujis ; alls angustis hyalinis, nervis pallidis. (Long. corp. 24 — 3 lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 94 lin.)

Ne. nitida. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3555.

Shining, pitchy-brown : antennae long and slender, black ; legs pale red ;

wings narrow, hyaline, nervures pale.
The legs are sometimes pitchy towards the apex of the femora and of the

tarsi.

Not uncommon, in the vicinity of Hertford and at Ripley, at the
end of June and beginning of July.

Sp. 12. Carabrica. Piceo-nigra, collare rugoso, mesothoracis lateribus pedibusque

rufescentibus, alis fuscescentibus, nervis brunneis. (Long. corp. 2 lin.; Exp.

Alar. 9| lin.)
Ne. Cambrica. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 118.
Pitchy-black, shining : collar rugged ; sides of the niesothorax reddish ; legs

pale reddish; wings long, narrow, fuscescent, with strong dark brown

nervures ; antennae short, black.

Found at South Wales, near Swansea, in October, by
L. W. Dillwyn, Esq.

Sp. 13. sulcicollis. Nigra, nitida, pedibus piceis, collare rugoso, sulco dorsali,
alis fuscescentibus, nervis saturatioribus. (Long. corp. 25 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
Qi—ll lin.)

Ne. sulcicollis. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3556.

Deep shining black : collar rugged, with a dorsal channel ; legs pitchy; tibiae

sometimes pale reddish ; antennae short, black ; wings narrow, fuscescent,

with darker nervures, and sometimes the transverse ones towards the apex

bordered with fuscous, and forming a dark %•

Also found near Hertford and Ripley, in June and July, not

uncommonly.

Sp. 14. fumosa. Aira, nitidissima, abdomine tibiisque rufo-piceis, alis fusces-
centibus nervis saturatioribus. (Long. corp. li — l|lin. ; Exp. Alar. 5 — ej
lin.)

Ne. fumosa. Steph. Catal. 315. No. 3557.

144 MANDIBULATA. — NEUROPTERA.

Very glossy, deep black : collar slightly wrinkled ; abdomen pitchy-red ;

femora pitchy-black ; tibiae pitchy-red; tarsi black; wings brownish, with

darker nervures, the transverse ones towards the apex bordered with

dusky.
Antennae sometimes pitchy at the base.

Common at Ripley, in June and July ; also found in Scotland.

B. Anterior wings destitute of a x-like plexus of nervures ; hinder margin
with nine longitudinal nervures.

Sp. 15. variegata. Plate xxxi. f. 2 — Fusco-nigra, collare pedibusque rufis
nigra variis, alis pallide cinereis fasciis 2-bus fuscescentibus. (Long. corp.
4lin. ; Exp. Alar. 11 lin.)

Ne. variegata. Steph. Catal. 316. No. 3558.

Head and antennae deep black, the former rather small; collar pale red,
slightly clouded on the disc with blackish ; meso- and meta- thorax black ;
abdomen pitchy above, dusky beneath ; legs pale red; coxae ochreous, tip
of the femora black ; apex and tip of the tibiae, and a line on their inner
edge, as well as the tarsi, black ; wings long and narrow, with numerous
nervures, pale ashy, with two or three transverse fuscous streaks ; nervures
also fuscous ; posterior wings fuscescent, especially at the apex.

I suspect this insect is the true Phryganea nebulosa of Linnaeus.

Apparently rare : my specimen occurred near Hertford in June.

Genus XXX.— LEUCTRA, Stephens.

Antennw placed somewhat remotely in front beneath the eyes, somewhat

moniliform and pilose, or setaceous and simple, with distinct joints ; in all

the basal joint robust, the 2nd slightly smaller : labrum transverse, rounded

in front : palpi with the terminal joint a little acute : htad large and

depressed, or small and inflexed : eyes moderate, prominent : ocelli 3 : collar

more or less quadrate, longitudinally sulcate and rugose : wings incumbent

during repose; anterior elongate, somewhat acuminate, the transverse

nervures placed rectangularly about the middle of the costa, and not forming

a x-like mark by the union with the longitudinal ones; posterior pair

shorter, narrower, acuminated, and incised on the outer margin : abdomen

somewhat linear-elongate, the apex not furnished with jointed setae: legs

rather slender, simple : feviora and tibiae slightly compressed and striated :

tarsi with the intermediate joint slightly produced beneath.

The great dissimilarity of the neuration of the wings of the insects

included in this genus from those of the foregoing— as exhibited in

Plate xxxi. figs. 2 and 3 — sufficiently indicate their distinction;

these organs are also more elongate and acuminated at the apex,

the anterior pair are narrower ; the head smaller, the antennae more

distinctly articulated, &c.

PERLID.E. LF.UCTRA. 145

A. Antenna somewhat moniliform, each joint producing a whorl of hairs on
both sides : head broad, depressed.

Sp. 1. geniculata. Plate xxxi. f. 3. — Nigro-picea, capite rufo-piceo, nigra
vario, abdomine supra rufo-piceo, lateribus nigris, pedibus pallide brunneis,
Jemoribus posterioribus annulo nigra, antennis pallide rufis, pilosis. (Long.
Corp. 3 — 3^ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9 — lOg lin.)

Le. geniculata. Steph.Nnmen. 2d edit. col. 118. — N. G. (548). geniculata. Sieph.
Catal. 316. No. 3561.

Pitchy-black : head pitchy-red, with the eyes, ocelli, and some frontal marks
black ; collar with the sides straight, the disc rugose, and with three dorsal
channels ; mesothorax pitchy-red in front ; abdomen above pitchy-red, its
sides and beneath black ; legs pale brown, the four hinder femora with a
blackish ring near the apex; tips of the tibiae and of the tarsal joints
blackish; antennse pale pitchy-red, the articulations very distinct, each
producing a whorl of blackish hairs on each side; wings pale fuscous, with
darker nervures.

Apparently rare : taken occasionally within the metropolitan
district in June ; also in the New Forest and in Scotland.

B. Antennue slender and pilose : head small.

Sp. 2. fusciventris. Fusco-nigra, collaris lateribus rotundatis, ano piceo, pedibus
pallide rufo-piceis, tar sis nigris. (Long. corp. 2g lin.; Exp. Alar. 7^ lin.)

Ne. fusciventris. Steph. Catal. 316. N'o. 3559.

Brown-black : collar with a longitudinal and two nearly parallel dorsal
channels, the rest of the surface rugose ; abdomen fuscous, with the apex
pitchy ; legs pale pitchy-red, with blackish tarsi ; palpi and antennae black ;
wings fuscescent, with darker nervures, the edges of some of the costal
nervures fuscous.

Found, in June, near Hertford : not common.

Sp. 3. abdominalis. Piceo-nigra, collare qvadiato, ore pedibusque pallide
ochraceo-rujis, tarsis nigricantibus, abdomine pallide rufo, maculis lateralibus
strigaque ventrali piceo-nigris. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8 — 9| lin.)

Ne. abdominalis. Steph. Catal. 316. No. 3560.

Pitchy-black : mouth pale red ; collar nearly quadrate, its surface rugose^
with five longitudinal dorsal channels, the two outer ones, on each side,
placed obliquely ; abdomen pale red, with a row of black spots on each
side, and a broad streak of black beneath ; legs pale ochreous-red, the tips
of the hinder femora and the tarsi blackish ; wings fuscescent, the nervures
darker, with a fuscescent shade on each side, the apex of the costa the
same ; antennae black.

Also found occasionally at Hertford, in June and July-
Mandihut.ata, Voi,. VI., August 1.5th, 1836. x

146 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA.

Order V.— TRICHOPTERA, Kirhy.

Wings all membranaceous, much deflexed, anterior pair more or less pilose,
posterior sometimes folded, all furnished with more or less branching
nervures, and very few transverse ones : mouth with merely rudimentary
mandibles : palpi four, dissimilar, maxillary occasionally long, labial short,
sometimes nearly wanting : maxillos and labium membranaceous : body more
or less hairy : head small, transverse, vertical, flat above : eyes moderate,
semiglobose, prominent : ocelli two, frontal : collar small, transverse :
abdomen compressed-cylindric, not furnished with setae at the apex : legs
slender, coxae elongate, tibia armed, in general, with two, three, or four long
spurs, sometimes spinulose : tarsi elongate, five-jointed, cylindric, furnished
with two small claws, and an intermediate cushion. Metamorphosis incom-
plete : larva aquatic, hexapod, active, elongate, subcylindrical, slightly
pilose ; head corneous, three following segments coriaceous, each having a
pair of legs; next frequently dilated and papillose, remainder variable,
being sometimes furnished with exserted branchial organs, and occasionally
with two caudal appendages : they mostly reside in a cylindric tube, lined
within with silk, and clothed without with various materials, according to
the groups to which they belong, as hereafter particularized: pupa quiescent,
being shut up in the case of the larvae ; it somewhat resembles the imago,
the limbs, &c. being distinct. The eggs are deposited in a gelatinous
mass.

The insects included in this order are generally known by the name
of Case- or Caddice-flies, Water-moths, &c. In their larva state they
frequent running streams, lakes, ponds, &c. some species preferring
nearly stagnant waters, others the impetuous torrents of mountain-
streams, &c. : they are consequently always to be found in marshy
districts, and usually make their appearance during the summer
months, though some few species do not occur till the autumn : in
general habit they greatly resemble each other, and from the almost
total uniformity of colouring that obtains amongst them, they are
extremely difficult to divide specifically from each other : never-
theless, by a careful attention, sufficiently powerful characters of
distinction may be detected, not only in the colouring, but also in
the neuration of the Tilings. Continental naturalists almost universally
agree in placing these insects as a great section of the Neuroptera,
in which respect they have been partially followed in Britain, but I
conceive their characters, especially those drawn from their wings,
which are pilose, and have branching nervures, like the Lepidoptera,
are unlike any of the true Neuroptera : their coxae and legs are also

TRICHOPTERA.

147

constructed on the model of those of the Lepidoptera, and their
general habit is towards those insects ; their mandibles likewise are
nearly obliterated, the collar is narrow and transverse, &c. But few
writers have attended to these insects, the admirable Treatise of
M. Pictet on the Phryganese of Switzerland being almost the only
guide towards their classification, &c., and from that work I have
extracted the two following tables,* showing the dissimilarities in the
larva,', and also some external characters of the imago : —

Larvce with a case, opening with a round hole ;
segments of the thorax rounded ;

external respiratory ort/aws isolated, legs moderately

long: Phryganea.

in tufts ;

hinder legs long : Mystacide.
short : Sericostoma.
segments with the anterior angles pointed : . Trichostoma.

with a case, opening by a cleft : . . . Hydroptila.

without a case ;

Pupa with a double envelope : . . Rhyacophila.

single envelope : . . Hydropsyche.

Imago.
Posterior wings folded ;

with transverse nervures.

Maxillary palpi moderate and slightly hairy : Phryganea.
long and hairy : . Mystacide.

without transverse nervures.

Maxillary palpi different in the sexes ;

of the male clavate : . Trichosioma.

forming a rounded

face: . Sericostoma.

alike in the sexes ;

last joint ovate : . Rhyacophila.

filiform: Hydropsyche.

not folded.

Antennce stiaceoxxs: . . . Psychomia.

filiform : . . . Hydroptila.

• In the 4th volume of the New Series of the Philosophical Magazine —
published in February and March, 1834 — are short descriptive notices of some
of the indigenous Trichoptera, by Mr. Curtis, whose names I have endea-
voured to assimilate with my own previously published ones (1829), and with
those of M. Pictet ; but it is to be regretted that these descriptions have
appeared in a work not devoted to the subject, and consequently rarely seen
by entomologists, as the result has been that, from the almost simultaneous
appearance of M. Pictet's splendid work on this order (July, 1834), the

148 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA.

From these tables it is manifest that considerable diversity occurs
amongst the insects of this order, not only in the larva, but in the
imago states. Pictet regards the above groups as genera only, but
I think the generality of them bear a higher designation, and may
probably be nearly equivalent to families ; as such, in the present
state of our knowledge of the Trichoptera, I shall consider them;
and I have endeavoured to characterize them by a slight modification
of the above tables, whereby I have reduced tlie anomaly resulting
from taking characters peculiar to the sexes, as employed by Pictet,
in some of his groups : —

Pfrfes baud calcaribus instructis ; . . . .1. AcENTROPiDiT:.

calcaribus instructis ;
^rtten?i« filiformes, aut pectinatse : . . .2, Hydroptilid^?:.

setaceas ;
AltB posHcce hand pVicati : . . . .6. PsychomiDj?;.

plicati ;
anticcB nervis transversalibus ;

Palpi maxillccres, mediocres, subhirsuti : . 8. Phryganid.e.

elongati, hirsutissimi : . 7- Leptocerid^.

anticcB nervis transversalibus fere destitutis ;
Palpi maxillares

articulo ultimo elongate, filiformi : . . .4. Hydropsychid^.

brevi, ovato; arti°. 2-do elongate : . 5. SERicosxoMiDiE.

brevissimo : . 3. Rhyacophilid^.

Family I.— ACENTROPID.E mihi.

Antehnos nearly setaceous, remote, short : maxillary palpi drooping, 3-jointed,
labial wanting: head and thorax clothed with scale-like hairs, the latter
furnished on its sides with a pair of petagice, or tippets : tvings deflexed,
anterior acute, posterior ovate, furnished with a connecting bristle at the
base : abdomen rather elongate : legs moderate ; femora and tibiw shortish,
of nearly equal length, the latter not furnished with spurs : tarsi 5-jointed.

nomenclature of the species has been greatly embarrassed, many of Pictet's
insects being synonymous with the indigenous ones, and thus in repeated
instances a third name has been imposed on the same species ; and an additional
inconvenience arises from the names of Mr, Curtis's insects occurring in a
miscellaneous work, as before referred to, while those of Pictet appear in a
work expressly devoted to the subject, and will consequently be more generally
employed, although not strictly having the priority.

ACENTROi'ID.E. 149

This anomalous family may be instantly recognized from the
genuine Trichoptera by having the legs wholly destitute of spurs, in
addition to the very peculiar neuration of its wings, all of which have
a long discoidal areolet, from which a radiating series of nervures
springs, the nervures extending to the costal and hinder margins ;
but another great peculiarity apparent is the thorax being furnished
with regular tippets, as in the Lepidoptera, and which circumstance,
combined with the scale-like clothing of its wings, their structure,
the bristle at the base of the hinder pair, the squamous head, &c.
appear to warrant its removal to that order of insects, as suggested
by Mr. Westwood, in the Entomological Transactions, v. i. p. 118 ;
but amongst which group can it be located ? I am not aware of
any genus of the Tineidae (the only family to which it can possibly
be allied) that is destitute of spurs* on the four hinder tibiae : its

* The absence of tibial spurs in the genus which forms the type of this
family — Acentria of my Catalogue— induced me to arrange it with the
Neuroptera, in which order these appendages are almost universally deficient,
or are extremely minute, even in the gigantic species, while they are as
invariably present both in the Lepidoptera and Trichoptera, althougti various
modifications, both in form and number, occur. If I am correct in my
reference to Olivier, through Latreille, both those writers place Acentria (now
Acentropus) in the genus Phryganea (or Trichopterous division of the Neu-
roptera) in which they are followed by Mr. Curtis, who places it, without
question, in the family Phryganidae, notwithstanding its total want of spurs,
whereas the insects included in that family have those organs fully developed,
and have, moreover, the tibite and tarsi more or less armed with rigid spines,
while in Acentropus they are perfectly simple ! the neuration of the wings is
also wholly dissimilar, as is also the structure of the mouth, &c. ; the posterior
wings are not folded, &c.

In the " Naturalist," published on the 1st inst. vol. i. p. 14, Mr. Dale has
some remarks on the genus Acentropus, in which, after defending Mr. Curtis's
assumed ignorance of its identity with Acentria,t he justifies its removal from
the Neuroptera, and appears to conceive its location to be perfectly natural
between Hydroptila and Papilio ! ! ! and he exults in the fact that Messrs. Curtis
and Westwood consider that I did wrong itj placing it in the Neuroptera ! But
this last writer and myself are of opinion that Mr. Curtis is equally in error by
placing it with the Trichoptera.

+ A point I am disposed to controvert, inasmuch as Mr. Curtis, in naming
his insects from my collection, had the opportunity of seeing the insect dozens

150 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA.

metamorphoses are yet unknown ; but, when detected, its location
will then become evident : for the present, therefore, having com-
pleted the Lepidoptera, I shall temporarily remove it to this side of
the line of demarcation, and consider it as referrible to this order,
rather than omit all notice of this singular family.

Genus I.— ACENTROPUS, Curtis.

AntenncB slightly pubescent, inserted close to the eyes, shorter than the body :
labrum elongate : maxillary palpi large, curved, densely clothed with scaly
hairs : head somewhat globose : eyes globose, lateral : ocelli two : wings
dissimilar, anterior with a long discoidal areolet, with numerous radiating
nervures, which extend to the costal and hinder marghis ; posterior smaller,
with similar nervures, all furnished with scale-like cilia: abdomen attenuated,
its apex terminated by a curved hairy lobe and two pilose appendages ; in
the female simple and acute.

The chief peculiarities of this genus have been already pointed out
in the observations upon the family : one species only appears to be
known, which seems to frequent marshy places.

Sp. 1. niveus. Pallide rufo-ockraceus, capite thoraceque canescentibvs, alis
sericeo-niveis, oculis atris. {liong. corp. 2§ — 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6 — 7§ lin.)

Phr. nivea. Olivier teste Latreille. — Acentria nivosa. Steph. Catal 316. K'o.
3562 <^. — Zancle Hansoni. Steph. Nomen. ^d edit. col. 118 ?. — Acentropus
Garnonsii. Curtis, v. xi.pl. 497, var.

Pale reddish-ochre : eyes black ; head and thorax clothed with short white
and greyish scales ; tippets whitish ; abdomen ochreous above, dotted with
white scales beneath ; wings glossy snow-white.

The anterior wings have sometimes the costa and hinder margin more or less
of a bright tawny-ochreous.

Brief as Latreille's definition of the Phry. nivea of Olivier is, I believe this to
be that insect. Latreille says, "Blanche; ailes cilices; partie superieure
de I'abdomen obscure." — Hist. Nat. Crust. S^c. v. xiii. p. 93.

Found on willows near the Croydon Canal, by Greenwich, in June;
also by Dr. Leach, in Scotland ; Mr. Hanson, near Reading, in

of times, and he has appended to his account the localities which I furnished
him with many years since; and Mr. Dale, upon a visit to me of some days,
when he had the uncontrolled range of my cabinets during my unavoidable
absence from home, must have noticed so remarkable an insect, which
remains to this moment in the actual position it occupied in the drawer in
1826, the period of his sojourn at my residence.

HYDROPTILID.E. — HYDROPTILA. 151

Berkshire ; and by the Rev. W. L. P. Garnons, at Layer Murney,
near Colchester, in Essex.

Family II.— HYDROPTILID^ mihi.

AntenncE filiform, very short, not very remote : maxillary palpi 5-jointed, some-
what pointed ; labial minute : head and thorax densely clothed with woolly
hairs : wings narrow, acute, or obtuse ; nervures obscure, radiating, with no
discoidal areolet : abdomen short or moderate : legs shortish ; four posterior
tihice furnished with spurs at the apex and in the middle : tarsi 5-jointed.
Larva residing in a flat kidney-shaped case, opening at each extremity by a
simple cleft, and composed of silk and a few grains of sand ; the larva itself
has the head and the three anterior segments narrow, the abdominal seg-
ments considerably dilated, and destitute of external respiratory organs ; the
legs are short : they undergo their metamorphoses in the case, by closing it
and fixing it on a stone.

The pretty little tineiform insects included in this family are dis-
tinguished by having very short filiform antennae, which are either
perfectly simple, or strongly pectinated : the wings are long, narrow,
and acute, ciliated rather densely at the apex, and in the typical
genus along the costa and inner margins ; the four hinder tibiae are
armed with spurs. Three genera occur in Britain, thus simply cha-
racterized : —

Antennis simplicibus, baud pectinatis ;

Tihiis interincdiis 2-calcaratis : . .2. HydroPTILA.

1-calcaratis: . . 2. AgraYlea.

fjectinatis : . . . . . 3. Naeycia.

Genus II.— HYDROPTILA, Dalman.

Antennce sensibly thickened towards the apex, which is obtuse : maxillary
palpi with the articulations of nearly equal length, the terminal joint ovoid:
head small: eyes small, lateral: collar and thorax ovate: wings narrow,
acute, densely pilose, and ciliated on the margins, with few very indistinct
nervures ; posterior pair similar, not folded : abdomen short, slender, obtuse
in the males, acute in the females : legs moderate, intermediate and posterior
tibiae furnished with two pair of long spurs.

From Narycia this genus differs by having the antennas perfectly
simple, the anterior wings narrow, acute at the apex, densely ciliated
on the costal and inner margins, and on the apex ; the palpi are
rather long and slender : the insects are of small size, and the species
resemble each other considerably in bulk, colour, and habit : they are
very active and nimble, and fly in the evening.

152 MANDIBULAT.A. — TRICHOPTERA.

Sp. 1, tineoides. Fnsca, capite antennis pedibusgue paUidis, alls fuscis, anticis
fasciis duabus punctoque apicali albis. (Long. corp. IJ lin. ; Exp. Alar. Sg —
3 lin.)

Hyd. tineoides. Dalman. — Steph. Caial. 317. No. 3579.

Fuscous : crown white^ forehead and eyes black ; antennae pale, glossy, the
apex dusky; thorax griseous, pilose; abdomen pale and shining; wings
very pilose, anterior with two parallel, somewhat remote, pale or whitish
transverse fasciae, the basal one sometimes interrupted, with an obscure dot
of the same hue between them, and a distinct one on the apex : legs pale.
Common, from the middle of June till towards the end of August,

at Hertford.

Sp. 2. brunneicornis. Nigra, fronte alba, antennis Jlavo-brtmneis apice nigra,
alls canescentibus, anticorum marginibus albo nigroque puiictatis. (Long,
corp. 1 lin.; Exp. Alar. 2% — 3 lin.)

Hyd. marginata. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3580. — Hyd. brunneicornis. Pictet,
p. 226. pi. XX. f. 12.

Black : head with a white spot between the antennae, the latter yellowish-
brown, with the tip black ; anterior wings grey-brown, edged with black
and dotted, on the margins especially, with white, forming three faint bands
of this colour ; posterior wings pale fuscous, or grey.

Taken, occasionally, near London, in June.

Sp. 3. sparsa. Fusco-nigra, fronte canescente, antennis pedibusgue fulvis, alis
anticis viarginihns albo niveognc punctafis. (Long. corp. 1^ lin.; Exp. Alar.
3 lin.)

Hyd. sparsa. Phil. Mag. {Curtis) v. Iv.p. 217. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

" Fuscous black : antennae and legs fulvous ; head grey ; anterior wings with
a silvery white spot on the middle of the costa, another opposite, the margin
between this and the base with an interrupted whitish line, and several
minute dots of the same colour at the apex." — Curtis, I. c.

Found in June, near Hertford.

Sp. 4. Vectis. Fusca, fronte ulbida, alis anticis fascia media angulata punctisque
variis ochraceis, ventre pedibusgue argentco viicantibus. (Long. corp. 1| lin.;
Exp. Alar. 3|lin.)

Hyd. Vectis. Phil. Mag. {Curtis) v. iv.p. 217. —Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 118.

" Fuscous : head whitish or ochreous ; anterior wings with an ochreous spot
near the base, an angulated band across the middle, a spot on the cilia at
the stigma and seven round, and one at the apex; legs and belly dull
silvery." — Curtis, I. c.

Taken in June, in the south of England.

HYDKOFTILID^. AGRAYLEA. 153

Sp. 5. costalis. Pallide ochracea, nitida, atis anticis fusco variegatis, ciliis

costalibus elongatis nigris area centrcdi pallida. (Long. corp. 1 — Ij lin.;

Exp. Alar. 3 lin.)
Hyd. costalis- Phil. Mag. (Curtis) v. p. 217. — Hyd. Scotica. Steph. Nomen.

2d edit. col. 118?
« Pale ochreous, shining : anterior wings variegated, fuscous, with a dot on

the disc, the costal cilia long and black, with a long pale space at the

centre." — Curtis, I. c.

Found, occasionally, in June, near London, and probably in
Scotland.

Genus III.— AGRAYLEA, Curtis.

*' Ant^nn<E not longer than the body, rather short and filiform : head rather
broad : abdomen short : ivings long, narrow and pubescent : anterior legs
short, the others slender ; four posterior tibice with long spurs at the apex,
intermediate with one at the middle ; hinder with a pair above the apex." —
Curtis, I. c.

I do not remember to have seen a specimen of this genus, which,
from the above definition, appears to belong to this family, and to
differ from the other genera by having only one spur in the middle of
the intermediate tibiae.

"tSp. 1. sexmaculata. Ochracea, antennarum apice fusco, alis anticis fuscis,
maculis sex albidis. (Long. corp. — lin.; Exp. Alar. 4 lin.)

Agr. 6-maculata. Phil. Mag. {Curtis) v.iv.p.217. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit.

Appendix.
"Ochreous: antennae fuscous, except at the base ; superior (anterior) wings

pale fuscous, with two whitish spots on the costa, two towards the apex,

and two oblong spots on the inferior (inner) margin of the same colour." —

Curtis, I. c.

I know not the locality of this species.

"^Sp. 2. multipunctata. Fusca, vertice griseo, facie, abdomine, pedibusque
fulvis, alis anticis maculis plurimis ochraceis. (Long. corp. — lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 4 lin.)

Agr. multipunctata. Phil. Mag. {Curtis) v. iv.p. 217.— Steph. Nomen. 2d edit.
Appendix.

*' Fuscous : crown of head griseous ; superior (anterior) wings with a long
ochreous spot beyond the stigma, with several small ones on the posterior
margin and along the centre to the base, two oblong ones on the inferior

Mandibulata, Vol.. VL, August 15th, 1836. u

154 MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTERA.

(inner) margin, and two at the base of the cilia; face, abdomen, and legs,
fulvous."— Cwr//j, I. c.

Of this species I am also unaware of the locality.

Genus IV.— NARYCIA mihL

AntenncB with the basal joint pilose and much incrassated, the remainder
furnished on each side with long hairs : maxillary palpi drooping, very
pilose, rather short : head transverse-ovate, pilose in front : eyes moderate,
lateral, scarcely prominent: thorax ovate: wings strongly deflexed during
repose ; anterior elongate-elliptic, obtusely rounded at the apex, which is
furnished with short scaly cilia ; nervures very indistinct ; posterior smaller,
somewhat ovate, furnished with longer cilia : abdomen shortish, stout, some-
what cylindric : legs stoutish, anterior tibiae with a single spur at the inner
apex; intermediate with a pair, and posterior with a pair at the apex, and.
a second pair in the middle.

The distinctly pectinated filiform antennae of the insects of this
genus at once serve to distinguish them from the other Trichoptera,
from which, like Acentropus, they also differ in having the wings
clothed with scale-like hairs ; but, unHke that genus, their legs are
provided with ample spurs, and the sides of the thorax are not fur-
nished with tippets.

Sp. 1. elegans. Plate xxxii. f. 4. — Brunneo-nigra, alis aniicis nigris brunneo
variegatis, punctisque Jlavis, margine tenuiore ochraceo maculate. (Long.
Corp. 1| lin. ; Exp. Alar. 4 lin.)

Narycia elegans. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 118.

Shining brown-black: antenna very pilose, silvery-grey, with the tips of the
articulations black, radii fuscous ; anterior wings black, varied with brown,
and with numerous yellowish and ochreous dots, of a golden tint, especially
on the margins, the inner one having two large blotches of that colour
towards the middle; posterior wings fuscous, with darker ciha; legs
silvery-grey, varied with brown-black.
Twice taken on palings at the Hermitage, South Lambeth, at the

end of June.

Family III.— RHYACOPHILIDtE mihi.

Antennae slender, moderate, rarely exceeding the length of the wings : maxillary
palpi alike in the sexes and 5-jointed, slightly pilose, the two basal joints
short, the 2nd being about as long as the 1st, the 3rd elongate, 4th and 5th
somewhat shorter, this last being ovoid : ivings narrow, elongate, slightly

IIHYACOPHILID.E. AGAPETUS. 155

'] ''• y.iMi
citiated on the hinder and inner margins ; anterior with more or less furcate

longitudinal nervures, but very rarely with transverse ones, or with a dis-

coidal areolet; posterior rather shorter and smaller, slightly folded on the

inner edge : abdomen moderate, of the males occasionally furnished with

hairy appendages beneath, and in both sexes sometimes also at the apex:

legs long and slender, tibiw more or less armed with spurs.

Larva with or without external respiratory organs, not residing in a case ;

pupse inclosed in a double envelope, the inner one scaly, the outer silken and

mixed with small stones and other foreign materials : they reside in running

waters.

The insects of this family are for the most part of small size, and
are extremely difficult to discriminate from each other without careful
attention to their structure, owing to the similarity of their colouring,
and their paucity of markings : it is much to be regretted that
M. Pictet, in his otherwise valuable work on these insects, has
almost totally omitted to notice the peculiarities of neuration of the
wings, or the numbers and positions of the spurs on the tibiae of the
respective species, especially of this family, which he seems to have
mixed together most heterogeneously : they may generally Ije distin-
guished by having the two basal joints of the maxillary palpi very
short, and the terminal one not longer than the preceding, and
ovate.

The species may be thus divided into genera : —

Tibtis anticis 2-calcaTatis :

^ /»s omnibHS areoZa discoidali : . . . .8. Glossosoma.

anticis solum areo/a discoidali : . . .9. Tinodes.
omnibus areola discoidali nulla ;

Antennis art", basali maximo : . • .6. Ber^ea.
paivo ;

-4^15 elongatis, angustis, obtusis : . • 7- Anticyra.

brevibus, rotundatis : . . -5. Agapetus.

Tiiiw on«ci« 3.calcaratis : . . . . .10. Rhyacophila.

Genus V.— AGAPETUS, Curtis.

Antennae shorter than the wings, and not longer than the body, stout, especially
at the base, and divaricating: palpi rather short, slightly pilose: head
densely clothed with woolly hairs above : eyes globose, rather prominent :
wings short, with dense elongate cilia on the hinder and inner margins^
anterior rounded at the apex, with four single longitudinal nervures on the
costal portion of the apex, and with three bifid ones on the anal portion :
abdomen short, robust ; of the male furnished with an incurved spine in the

156 MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTERA.

middle beneath, and a smaller and similar process behind it ; of the female
simple and acute at the apex : legs rather short, anterior shortest ; tihicB all
armed with a pair of spurs at the apex, the intermediate and posterior ones
with a second pair below the middle, hinder tibias ciliated on the outer edge ;
apex of the middle pair and basal joint of the tarsi dilated in the females.

The insects of this genus are small ; they have the anterior wings
short, rounded, and rather broad in proportion to their length ; the
antennae are very robust, especially at the base, and diverge from
each other : the males are remarkable from having an incurved spine-
like process beneath the middle of the abdomen, and the females
have the base of the intermediate tarsi dilated.

Sp. 1. funereus. Niger, olscurus, alls aniicis fusco-brunneis, ciliis elongatis
nigricantibus, pedibusfuscis. (Long. corp. 2\ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 54 lin.)

Ph. funerea. Olivier ? — Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3583.

Black, obscure : head slightly clothed with a brown-black pile ; anterior
wings dusky-brown, with a clothing of fine golden hairs, and with long
dusky cilia ; posterior wings fuscescent, and slightly iridescent ; legs
fuscous.

Taken occasionally near London, and in Devonshire, in June.

Sp. 2. fuscipes. Niger, supra tomentosus, alis anticis ockraceo-fuscis pilis palli'
dioribus, pedibus Juscis, ochraceo maculatis. (Long. corp. 2\ lin.; Exp. Alar.
5 lin.)

N. G. (552) fuliginosa. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3586.— Ag. fuscipes. Phil.
Mag. (Curtis) v. iv. p. 217 $ .— Rh. lanata. Pictet, 194. pi. xvi./. 18.— Ag.
ochripes. Phil. Mag. (Curtis) v. iv. jo. 217 9 .

Black, clothed above, especially on the head and thorax, with a shining
griseous pile ; anterior wings griseous, with ochreous hairs, the posterior
iridescent, with the apex griseous, the nervures of all dusky ; legs fuscous,
with the trochanters, the knees, and the middle of the hinder tarsi ochreous.
Female with the legs pale ochreous, and the basal joints of the intermediate
tarsi dilated.

Found, not uncommonly, at Ripley, in June ; also in Devonshire
and in the New Forest.

Sp. 3. laniger. Brunneus, tomentosus, subtus ochraceus, alis anticis griseo-
ochraceis, pilis pallidioribus, pedibus ochraceis, anticis nigricantibus. (Long,
corp. 2i lin, ; Exp. Alar. 5 — 5§ lin.)

N.G. (552). opaca. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3584.— Rh. lanigera. Pictet, 195.
pi. xvi./. 19.

Brown : head densely clothed with a shining griseous pile ; thorax the same

BHYACOPHILIDjE. AGAFETUS. 157

above, beneath ochreous ; anterior wings bright tawny-griseous, clothed
with hairs of a golden hue, especially at the base ; cilia long and slightly
ochreous-brown ; posterior wings more transparent, somewhat fuscescent
and iridescent ; legs ochreous ; antennae dusky.

Common in Walsam-meadows, near Ripley, in June; also at
Hertford.

Sp. 4. comatus. Niger, subtus ochraceo'fulvus, tomentosus, alls anticis canescen-
tibus pilis subochraceis, pedibus ochraceis. (Long. corp. 2| lin.; Exp. Alar.
5i lin.)

N. G. (552). flavipes. Steph. Catal. 31T. No. 3588.— Rh. comata. Pictet, 194.
pi. xvi.f. 17.

Above black : head and thorax densely clothed with a glossy griseous pile ;
beneath tawny-ochreous ; anterior wings ochreous-brown, clothed with a
brighter pile, and ciliated with long ochreous-brown hairs; legs pale
ochreous.

Less abundant than the last : taken near Ripley in June.

Sp. 5. setiferus. Capite corporeque brunneis, antennis ochraceis brunneo annu-
latis, alis griseo-cinereis sericeis, pedibus flavis. (Long. corp. 2 lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 5 lin.)

Rhy. setifera. Pictet, 197. pi xvi./. 24. — Ag. setiferus. Steph. Nomen.2dedii.

Appendix.
Head and palpi brown : antennae annulated with ochreous and brown ; anterior

wings griseous-ash, immaculate, ochreous at the base, with long silky

griseous cilia ; legs ochreous-yellow, with short spines, and dusky cilia on

the femora and tibiae.

Found, in June, at Hertford.

'fSp. 6. azureus. Niger, antennis fuscis, alis anticis atris, nitidis, postice atro
azureis, pedibus ochraceis. (Long. corp. 2 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 5 lin.)

Ph. azurea. Linne. — Turton{\) — Mystacide.? azurea. Steph. Catal. 320.
No. 3660.

Deep glossy black : antennae short, thick and deep brown ; anterior wings
shining black, the hinder portion brilliant steel blue, with long black cilia ;
legs ochreous.

Introduced by Turton into the British list : I supposed that I possessed the
insect when ray Catalogue was published, seven years since, but my insect
proves to be a species allied to Mystacide niger, and not the present, according
to Pictet's detailed description, which appears to place it in this genus.

1^ MANDIBULATA.— tRICH01''rEilA.

GEiJus VI.— :6feRi*:A mihi.

Antennas rather slender, shorter than the wings, porrected, the basal joint
robust, elongate and hairy: maxillary palpi long, stout and hairy : labial
short : head small, transverse, pilose in front : thorax ovate : wings short,
with very indistinct nervures ; anterior broadish, rounded at the apex ; all
very pubescent, and fringed with long hairs : abdomen short, obtuse : legs
rather short : tibiae all with a pair of longish spurs at the apex, the posterior
pair with a smaller pair below the middle.

The little insects comprised in this genus differ from the rest of
the family by having the palpi robust and hairy, the basal joint of
the antennae stout, directed forwards, and also very hairy, the antennae
themselves being rather slender, especially at the tip ; the wings are
rather broad, short and rounded at the apex, with very indistinct
nervures, and very hairy ; they are generally of very sombre dark
hues, and the insects of small size : the genus corresponds with Thya
of Curtis, but as that name was long since employed by Dr. Leach
for a genus of Crustacea, I shall adopt the one given previously to
Mr. Curtis''s, in the second edition of my Nomenclature.

Sp. 1. albipes. Atra, alis nigro-fuscis, aniicis subiridescentihus, atomis aliquot
albidis, ■pedibusfuscis, tarsis albidis. (Long. corp. 2 lin, ; Exp. Alar. 6^ — 6
lin.)

N. G. (552). albipes. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3581 Beraea albipes. Steph.

Nomen. 2rf tdit. col. 118. — Thya puUata. Phil. Mag. (Curtis) v. iv.p. 216 ?

Deep black: wings brown-black, anterior faintly iridescent, with some
obscure whitish atoms towards the apex ; cilia long and black ; legs
fuscous; tarsi whitish-ochreous.

Found near London, and at Hertford, in June.

Sp. 2. pygmsea. Atra, alisfuscis immacutatis, pedibus fuscis, genubus albidis.
(Long. corp. 2 lin.; Exp. Alar. 4.4—5 lin.)

N.G. (552). pygmaea. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3585.— Be. pygmaea. Steph.

Nomen. 2d edit. col. 119.— Rhy. Melas. Pictet, p. 196. pi. xvi./l 21 >
Deep black: anterior wings fuscous-black, immaculate, cilia black; legs

fuscous, with the knees whitish, or ochreous.

Taken near London, and in Devonshire, in June.

Sp. 3. Marshamella. Atra, alis anticis angustioribus subochraceo-fuscis, imma-
culatis, pedibus fuscis, geniculis tarsisque subochraceis. (Long. corp. 2 lin.;
Exp. Alar. 5 lin.)

RHYACOPHILID.E. ANTICYRA. 159^

N. G. (552). Marshamella. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3587.— Be. Marshamella.
Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 119. — Thya Maurus. Phil. Mag. (^Curtis) v. iv.
pi. 216. — Rhy. nigrocincta. Pictet, p. 197. pi. xvi. f. 23 ?

Deep black : wings fuscous-black, with a dull lutescent tint ; anterior rather
narrow ; cilia fuscous ; legs fuscous, with the knees and tarsi dull ochreous.

From Marsham's cabinet.

Genus VII.— ANTICYRA, Curtis.

Antennae stoutish, rather longer than the body, but shorter than the wings, the
apex slender, basal joint small : maxillary palpi stout, nearly glabrous,
depending, longish : head very hairy in front, small : eyes not prominent :
wings long, nervures indistinct, anterior very narrow, obtusely rounded on
the hinder margin, moderately pubescent, and fringed with shortish hairs ;
abdomen short, acute ; of the male with two horny lobes at the apex : legs
especially the two hinder pair, rather long and slender : anterior tibia: with
a pair of short spurs at the apex, two posterior pair each with two long
spurs at the tip, intermediate pair with two towards the base, and hinder
pair with two below the middle : intermediate tibiae and tarsi dilated in the
females.

Unlike the insects of the foregoing genus, these are distinguished
by having the wings, the anterior especially, very long and narrow,
but with indistinct nervures ; they are also very pilose, but the palpi
and basal joint of the antennae are but very slightly hairy, and the
last is not conspicuously enlarged, as in Beraea ; the legs are long,
the two hinder pair armed with long spurs, and the intermediate
tibiae and tarsi are dilated in the females.

Sp. 1. phaeopa. Ochracea, capite thoraceque supra fuscis, alis aniicis griseo-
fuscescentibus, posticis iridescentibus, antennis brunneis ochraceo cinctis, tibiis
tarsisque fuscescentibus. (Long. corp. 21 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 5§ lin.)

Ti. phaeopa. Steph. Catal. 316. No. 3575 — Rhi. tomentosa. Pictet, p. 189.

pi. xvi./. 9}
Pale ochreous: head and thorax above fuscous; antennae brown, with

ochreous rings ; anterior wings dull pale fuscous, with shortish cilia ;

posterior pair paler, more transparent, slightly iridescent ; legs long ; coxae,

trochanters, and femora pale ochreous ; tibiae and tarsi pale fuscous.

Taken in June, at Ripley.

Sp. 2. gracilipes. Pallida fusca, antennis pallidis nigro annulatis, alis aniicis
nitide ochraceis, pedibus fulvescentibus. (Long. corp. 2\ lin. ; Exp. Alar.
5— 5| lin.)

160 MANDIBULATA — TRICHOPTERA.

Ti. lutescens. Steph. Catal 316. No. 3573.— Ant. gracilipes. Phil. Mag
(Curtis) V. iv. p. 217.

Pale fuscous : head griseous ; eyes black ; antennae pale, with black or dusky
rings ; wings elongate-lanceolate, anterior ochreous and shining, with con-
colorous cilia; posterior more transparent, slightly iridescent, and pale
ochreous; legs slender, dull pale fulvous.

Found at Hertford, in July.

Sp. 3. subochracea. Pallide ochraceo-jMsca, antennis fusco annulatis, alit
angustis, anticis subochraceis, pedibus fulvescentihus. (Long. corp. 2| lin. •
Exp. Alar. 5§— 6 lin.)

Ti. subochracea. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3576. — Ant. latipes. Phil. Mag,
{Curtis) V. iv. pi. 217. 9 •''

Pale ochreous-brown : eyes black ; antennae pale ochreous, annulated with
fuscous; wings narrow, anterior pale dull ochreous, with brighter cilia ;
posterior slightly transparent and fuscescent; abdomen ochreous; legs pale
fulvous.
Found at Ripley, towards the end of June.

Sp. 4. ciliaris. Pallide ochracea, oculis abdomineque atro-fuscis, thorace rufo,
pedibus antennisque pallidis, his fusco maculatis. (Long. corp. l^lin.; Exp.
Alar. 4| lin.)

Ti. ciliaris. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3577.

Pale ochreous : head immaculate, rounded ; eyes deep fuscous ; thorax bright
red and shining ; wings narrow, anterior pale uniform, yellow-ochreous,
with the costa slightly darker ; cilia silky and paler ; posterior rather
darker, more transparent, with the cilia slightly fuscescent; abdomen deep
fuscous, or black; legs pale.
Taken in June, at Hertford.

Genus VIII.— GLOSSOSOMA, Curtis.

Antennae nearly as long as the wings, slender, the basal joint a little thickened;
palpi alike in the sexes, maxillary with the terminal joint scarcely longer
than the preceding one : head globose : eyes globose, lateral, prominent :
thorax ovate : wings elongate-elliptic, each with a small somewhat lozenge-
shaped areolet, placed beyond the middle of the disc ; the anterior pair in
the male with a raised callous glossy membrane at the base, concave
beneath : abdomen attenuated to the apex, with a depressed horny appendage
on the seventh segment beneath, and a smaller one on the following in the
male, the terminal one appendiculated ; of the female acute: legs dissimilar,
anterior pair short, with two minute spurs at the apex of the tibiae, their
femora compressed and thickened, two hinder pair slender, elongated, the

VI jnii

rn^Jcui'dX. !i'C''

RHYArOPHlI.ID.E. — CLOSSOSOMA.

161

intermediate tibiae with a pair of shortish spurs in the middle, and a second
pair at the apex, posterior also with a pair at the apex, and a second pair
near the apex ; of the female the intermediate tibiae and basal joint of their
tarsi are considerably dilated.

This genus may be known at once by all the wings being furnished
"with a somewhat lozenge-shaped areolet, towards the apex of the disc,
and the anterior pair in the males having an elevated callous mem-
brane near the base ; the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi is not
longer than the preceding, the legs are slender, but the female has
the intermediate tibicTe and the basal joint of their tarsi dilated and
compressed : the abdomen of the males is armed with two horny
lobes beneath, as represented in the left hand figure (1. pi. xxxii.) •

#
fSp. 1. Boltoni. Fusco~castanea, abdominis apice pedilmsque ochraceis, alis

pallide Juscesce?iiibus, antlcaruvi apice maculis obscure ochraceis. (Long. corp.

4? lin.; Exp. Alar. 10 lin.)

Gl. Boltoni. Phil. Mag: (Curtis) v. iv._p.216. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.
— Rhy. vernalis. Pictet, 189. pi. xv.f. 4 ?

" Antennffi, head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous-castaneous, the former annu-
Jated with, and the latter tipped with ochreous ; wings pubescent, pale
fuscous ; superior (anterior) with the callous lump at the base in the male
brown, clothed with black hairs ; stigma and a spot opposite on the inferior
margin fuscous, and each nervure terminated by a spot of the same colour
on the margin alternating with ochreous spots, with an indistinct row
behind them, and two or three near the disc of the same colour; inferior
(posterior) wings grey and transparent at the base." — Curtis, I. c.

The locality of this insect is not stated.

Sp. 2. fimbriata. Plate xxxii. f. 1. — Piceo-fusca, capiie abdominis apice
pedibusque ochraceis, alis pallide fuscescentibus immacidatis. (Long. corp.
2^—3 lin.; Exp. Alar 5|— 7 lin.)

Ti. fimbriata. Sieph. Catal. 316. No. 3563.— Ti. simplex. Steph. Catal. 316.
No. 3564 ?.

Head ochreous, eyes and palpi fuscous ; thorax and abdomen pitchy-brown or
dusky-chestnut, the apex of the latter ochreous; wings pubescent, uniform
pale fuscous, and wholly destitute of spots ; stigma and nervures a little
darker, anterior with the callous spot at the base fuscescent, darker towards
the disc ; posterior wings rather paler and more transparent ; legs and
antennae ochreous, the latter annulated with pale fuscous.

Found, but rarely, near London ; also taken in Scotland by the
late Dr. Walker.

Mandibulata, Vol. VI., August 15th, 1836. x

162 >IANDIBUI.AT.A. TRICHOPTERA.

Genus V.— TINODES, Leach MSS.

Antenna Bomewhat remote, shorter than the wings, slender, the basal joint
slightly (thickened : palpi similar in the sexes, maxillary long, a little
pubescent, with the terminal joint considerably longer, and more slender,
than the preceding one : head transverse : eyes globose, lateral : thorax
slender : wings narrow ; anterior elongate-elliptic, with two small discoidal
areolets, and four furcate nervures on the posterior margin, and in the
males with a depressed, shining, membranous spot at the base : abdomen
short, obtuse in the male, horny and acute at the tip in the female : legs
slender ; anterior iibice with two very short spurs at the apex ; intermediate
with a pair of long ones towards the base, and another at the tip ; hinder
ones with a pair near the apex, and a second pair at the apex itself; inter-

• mediate tibise and tarsi rarely dilated in the females.

This genus closely resembles the foregoing, but the posterior wings
are destitute of a discoidal areolet, and the anterior pair have, in
addition to the lozenge-shaped one, towards the apex of the disc, an
elongate-pentagonal one between it and the anal angle ; they are
likewise furnished with a rounded membranous spot towards the base,
which is not, however, raised as in Glossosoma : the legs are slender
in both sexes, and the abdomen of the male is not armed with horny
appendages beneath ; the basal joint of the antennae is rather small,
the terminal joint of the palpi considerably longer than the pre-
ceding, &c.

A. Anterior wings with the nervures distinct, discoidal areolet closed; (inter-
mediate tibice and tarsi not dilated in the females).

Sp. 1. pallescens. Pallide ochraceo-fulvus, ahdomine saturatiore apice pallida,
pedibus ochraceis, alis anticis ochraceo-Jiavis, nervis pallidis. (Long. corp.
24 lin.; Exp. Alar. 6—7 lin.)

Ti. pallescens. Steph. Catal. 316. No. 3565.

Pale tawny-ochreous : eyes fuscous ; head clothed with a griseous down ;
antennfE pale, faintly annulated with dull ochreous ; abdomen brown on the
back at the base, the apex pale ; legs pale ochreous ; wings iridescent, pale
ochreous yellow, very sparingly clothed with short golden hairs ; cilia pale
ochreous yellow ; nervures of all pale.

Found, occasionally, near London, in June.

Sp. 2. flaviceps. Ochraceus, thorace abdomineque supra schistaceis, antennis
hrunneis, pedibus cnpiteque ochraceo-flavis. (Long. corp. 2J lin. ; Exp. Alar.
7—8 lin.)

Ti. flaviceps. Steph. Catal. Mii. N'o. .'}566.

RHVAtOPHILIlJf;. TINOUKS. 163

Ochreous : head yellowish-ochre ; eyes black ; antennae brown ; thorax and
abdomen above slate-colour, the apex of the latter ochreous ; wings some-
what transparent, slightly iridescent, pale fuscous, sparhigly clothed with
short golden hairs ; nervures brownish-ochre, hinder pair more transparent,
and of a darker hue; legs ochreous-yellow.

Also taken in June, near lioudoii,

Sp. 3- xanthoceras. JFuscus, antennis pedihnsque Jlavo-ockraceis, alls hyalinis,
iridescentibus, ochraceo-fuscis , nervis saturatioribus. (Long. corp. 2^ lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 8 lin.)

Ti. xanthoceras. Steph. Catal. 316. No. 3567.

Head, eyes, thorax, and abdomen fuscous, the latter darkest and pale at the
apex ; antennae bright ochreous yellow ; wings hyaline, iridescent, especially
the posterior, all pale ochreous-brown, with darker nervures, the costal one
darkest, and very sparingly clothed with short gold-coloured hairs ; legs
ochreous-yellow.

Inhabits the vicinity of London, in June and July.

Sp. 4. luridus. Fusco-ochraceus, antennis capite thorace supra abdomineque
saturate hrunneis, alls {posticis prwsertim) iridescentibus venis fuscis, pedibus
ochraceo-fulvis. (Long. corp. 2^ — 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8g — 9| lin.)

Ti. picicornis. Steph. Catal. 316. No. 3568. — Ti. luridus. Phil. Mag. {Curtis)
V. iv. p. 216.

Ochreous-brown : antennae, head, thorax above, and abdomen, deep reddish-
brown ; wings long and rather narrow, anterior slightly hyaline and
iridescent, somewhat fuscous, with darker nervures; posterior more hyaline
and iridescent, with fuscous nervures ; legs tawny-ochre.

Common, in June, at Hertford ; also in other places within the
metropolitan district.

Sp. 5. pallipes. Ochraceo-brunneus, palpis oculisque nigris, alls latiorihus
anticis ochraceo-fuscis, aureo pilosis, nervis fuscescentibus, posticis iridescent
iibns, pedibus Jlavis. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8^ lin.)

Ti. pallipes. Steph. Catal. 316. iVo. 3572.

Ochreous-brown; palpi and eyes black; apex of abdomen ochreous; wings
rather short and broad, hyaline ; anterior ochreous-brown, with fuscescent
nervures, densely clothed with golden hairs, transparent, with a conspicuous
dot towards the base within ; posterior more transparent, iridescent, with
fuscous nervures; legs ochreous-yellow.

Found in the vicinity of London, in June.

Sp. 6. annulicoriiis. Ochraceus; palpis oculis thoracis durso, ahdumiuisque hasi

x2

1G4 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA.

supra fuscescentibus, pedibus ochraceus-flavis, antennis brunueis ochraceo
annulatis. (Long. corp. 2§ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8 lin.)

Ti. annulicornis. Steph. CataL 316. No. 3569.

Ochreous : palpi and eyes brownish ; antennae brown, with narrow whitish
rings ; thorax above and upper base of the abdomen fuscescent, the tip of
the latter shining ochreous ; wings nearly glabrous, iridescent, pale
brownish, with scattered golden hairs, and fuscescent nervures ; posterior
more transparent and iridescent ; legs ochreous-yellow.

Taken, but apparently not very common, near London, in June.

Sp. 7. albipunctatus. Pallide ochracetis, capite, thorace abdomineque supra
fuscis, pedibus pallide Jlavis, alis subochraceo-fuscis, aniicis ad tnarginent
posieriorem nebuUs saturatioribus punctisijue alhidis. (Long. corp. Sg lin.;
Exp. Alar. 1\ lin.)

Ti. albipunctatus. Steph. Catal. 316. No. 3570.

Pale ochreous : head, thorax, and abdomen above fuscous, or slate colour ;
eyes fuscous; antennae ochreous; wings of an ochreous-brown, slightly
hyaline and iridescent, anterior of a brighter hue, clothed with short golden
hairs, which form by their union a darkish stigma and minute spots on the
hinder margin at the apex of the nervures, each space between the nervures
with a minute whitish spot on the cilia ; posterior immaculate ; legs and
antennfe pale ochreous-yellow ; intermediate tibiae at the apex and base of
the tarsi dilated in the female.

Apparently rare : found, in June, near London.

B. Anterior wings with the nervures indistinct, discoidal areolet open behind ;
(intermediate tibiiB and tarsi dilated in the females).

Sp. 8. obscurus. Ochraceo-Jlavus, oculis abdomineque supra subfoscis, alis
subhyalinis, aniicis fuscescente-ochraceis, immaculatis, antennis pedibusque
ochraceo-Jlavis. (Long. corp. 2| lin.; Exp. Alar. 8.^ lin.)

Ti. obscurus. Steph. Catal. 316. No. 3574.

Ochreous-yellow : eyes and abdomen above fuscescent ; wings somewhat
hyaline, slightly iridescent, anterior of a brownish-ochre, with darker
nervures, immaculate, and sparingly clothed with golden hairs; posterior
more transparent and iridescent ; cilia of all fuscous ; legs and antennae pale
ochreous-yellow.

Also rather uncommon : found in June, near London.

Sp. 9. pusillus. Brunneo-J'u.scus, abdomiue nigricante, alis fusco-testacetSy
antennis ochraceo fuscoque annulatis, pedibus ochraceo-Jlavis. (Long. corp.
2 lin.; Exp. Alar. 7 lin.)

Ph. pusillus. Fabricius?— Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3582.

Fuscous-brown : eyes and abdomen blackish; wings rather narrow, brownish-

RHYACOPHILID.E. RHYACOPHILA. 165

testaceous, densely clothed with golden hairs, immaculate ; cilia slightly
fuscescent, posterior somewhat more transparent and slightly iridescent ;
legs ochreous-yellow ; antennae ochreous, annulated with fuscous.
Taken within the metropoUtan district, in June.

Genus X.— RHYACOPHILA, Pictet.

AntenncE rather slender, not so long as the wings, placed somewhat remotely,
the basal joint stoutish: maxillary joa/^j rather long, slender, nearly glabrous,
a little porrected obliquely: head smallish, and rounded, hairy in front:
eyes rather prominent, lateral: wings long, and somewhat elliptic-acute;
anterior with three elongate discoidal areolets, from the first of which arise
four sub-simple nervures, running parallel with the stigma, then follow two
bifid ones, and on the anal angle are two simple ones, which arise from the
apex of the inner areolet ; posterior wings shorter, small, also with three
elongate-discoidal areolets, and with one of the nervures very distinctly
furcate near the margin : abdomen longish, compressed, attenuated to the
apex ; of the males furnished with long horny appendages, the two inter-
mediate being laminated and bifid, the two others spiniform, the larvae are
bifurcate : legs rather slender ; anterior pair shortest : tibice all armed with
a pair of long spurs at the apex, the anterior with one also below the
middle, the intermediate and hinder pair each with a pair near the apex.
Larva with external respiratory organs, the segments somewhat remote,
rounded on the sides, the terminal one with a bifid appendage at each side.
The three-spined anterior tibias of the insects of this genus, form a
conspicuous mark of distinction from those of the other genera of this
family, and their palpi remove them from the Hydropsychidae, in
which family several genera are characterized by having a spur on the
side of the anterior tibias: the larvae of the Rhyacophilidae have their
respiratory organs external.

A. Body slender: (intermediate tibias and tarsi of the females not dilated).

Sp. 1. vulgaris. Fusco-ochracea, alis hyalinis, anticisfusco subpunciatis, macu-
lacjue dorsali communi rhomboidali pallide-Jlavescente. (Long. corp. 5—6 lin.;
Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 12—13 lin.)

Phi. obsoletus. Steph. Catal. 318. iVo. 3604. — Rh. vulgaris. Pictet, p. 182.
pi. XV. f. 1. — Phi. dorsalis. Phil. Mag. (Curtis) v. iv. p. 213.^

Head, antennae, and body ochreous-brown, spotless ; eyes black ; anterior
wings hyaline, pale dull ochreous-brown, with minute darker punctures in
the direction of the nervures, especially towards the inner and hinder
margins, and an irregular, somewhat triangular, spot in the middle of the
inner edge, forming, with the opposite wing, when closed, a rhomboid spot;
the posterior wings are more transparent, faintly iridescent, and spotless ;
legs pale ochreous.

166 MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTKRA.

Larva with the head narrow, yellow, with three black spots ; collar yellow ;

meso- and meta- thorax and abdomen purplish, varied with greenish;

respiratory organs purple ; legs ochreous : it inhabits rivulets.

Found, occasionally, in the vicinity of the metropolis, in June and
July, but more abundantly in Devonshire ; taken also in the New
Forest and in Scotland.

Sp. 2. Stigma. Pallide ochracea, alis fuscescentibus atomis Jlavesceniibu.s,
stigmate elongato, Jusco, antennis pedibnsque Julvescentibus. (Long. corp.
6—6 lin.; Exp. Alar. 12—15 lin.)

Phi. Stigma. Steph. Catal. 318. iVo. 3603.— Phi. longipennis. Phil. Mag^
{Curtis) V. iv. p. 213 ?

Pale ochreous : eyes fuscous ; back of the abdomen sometimes fuscescent ;
legs and antennae rather pale fulvous, the latter with darker rings ; anterior
wings fuscescent, with numerous indistinct minute yellowish atoms, and a
whitish dot in the middle ; posterior wings more transparent, of an uniform
colour, all with an elongate tawny-fuscous stigma, sometimes dotted with
ochreous.
Found near London, and in Devonshire, in July.

Sp. 3. opaca. . Subfuscescente-ochracea, alis fuscescentibus ochraceo indistincte
irroratis, nebulisque albidis, antennis crassis brevibusque, his pedibusque J'ulves-
centibus. (Long. corp. 5 lin.; Exp. Alar, ll^lin.)

Phi. opacus. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3605.

Brownish-ochreous, with the under parts and the apex of the abdomen pa'est;
eyes fuscescent ; antennae rather short and thick, fulvescent ; anterior wings
fuscous, very indistinctly irrorated with ochreous, and with some obscure
whitish clouds on the inner margin ; stigma obscure ; posterior wings
hyaline, immaculate-fuscous ; legs pale tawny.
Taken, in June, within the metropolitan district.

B. Body broad: (intermediate tibice and tarsi of the females dilated.)

Sp. 4. nebulosa. Ochraceo- fusca, abdomine ochraceo-cingulato, pedihus fulves-
centibus, coxis fuscescentibus, alis suhfusco nebulosis anticis apice subtruncato.
(Long. corp. 6 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 13§ lin.)

Phi. nebulosus. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3606.

Very broad, ochreous-brown : palpi and eyes fuscous ; margins of the abdo-
minal segments both above and below broadly ochreous ; legs pale tawny,
with the coxae fuscescent ; anterior wings obliquely truncate at the apex,
the disc obscurely clouded with fuscous, the hinder margin with a brownish
dot at the tip of each nervure ; intermediate tibiae and tarsi dilated in the
females.
Found at Hertford, in the autumn.

HYDROPSYCHID.E. 167

Family IV.— HYDROPSYCHID^, Curtis.

Antenna; in general very slender, sometimes very much attenuated and
elongate, at others stouter and not so long as the wings : maxillary palpi
similar in the sexes, 5-jointed, the terminal joint very long and filiform,
frequently longer than the four others united, the basal joint mostly short,
the two next of nearly equal length, and the fourth rather longer : wings
moderately broad, the anterior with very few, or no, transverse nervures,
the hinder margin either rounded or somewhat obliquely truncate; posterior
wings ample, more or less folded towards the inner edge : abdomen longish
and rather stout, of the males with small horny lamellije at the apex, of the
females obtuse : legs moderate : tibix with a pair of spurs at the apex, the
anterior sometimes with a single additional one in the middle, the interme-
diate and posterior with a pair at or below the middle.
Larva, as hi the preceding family, with or without external respiratory organs,
not residing in a case; pupa inclosed in a single silken envelope, con-
structed of silk, with bits of plants and small stones intermixed, or merely
a simple cocoon-

The insects of tliis family differ from those of the foregoing by-
having the terminal joint of the palpi remarkably long and slender,
and apparently divided into numerous rings or rudimentary joints ;
they are of dull hue in general, and many of them are so extremely
similar to each other that the utmost caution is requisite to separate
them : the respective genera, however, differ much in habit from
each other.

This family may be thus divided into genera : —

Tihiis anticis S-calcaratis ;

J/i* are/im nervis transversalibus diversis : . . 14. Cyrnus.

paucis ;
J?ite?ims alis longioribus ; . . . 11. Plectrocnemta.

baud longioribus ; . . 15. Polycentropus.

»
TibUs anticis 2-caIcaratis ;

■A ntennis gracilis alis longioribus ;

^& posfejs par vis, vix plicatis ; . 12. Philopotamus.

amplicibus, valde plicatis ; 13. Hydrops yche.

brevibus alis brevioribus ; . . 10. Aphelocheira.

168 MANDIBULATA. TUICMOPTERA.

Genus XI.— PLECTROCNEMIA* mihi.

Antenna: rather slender, about as long as the wings, slightly pubescent, the
basal joint largest, but not conspicuously robust : maxUlary palpi rather
slender, with the terminal joint considerably longer than the others united :
head broadish, clothed with long hairs on the crown : ei/es rather prominent:
thorax stoutish : wings much deflexed during repose ; anterior elongate-
elliptic, with all the nervures bifurcate on the hinder margin, and the sub-
costal one united to the costal by a transverse nervure at the base of the
stigma, forming one long discoidal areolet; posterior wings ovate-triangular,
with about five bifurcate nervures on the central portion of the hinder
margin : abdomen shortish, terminated by two lateral, angulated, horny
appendages in the males : legs rather slender, anterior shortest and stoutest,
their tibise armed with a pair of longish spurs at the apex, and a single one
in the middle of the inner edge ; intermediate tibiae with a pair of long
slender ones at the apex^ and a second pair below the middle ; hinder ones
with a pair at the apex, and another pair above the middle.

From the two following genera this may be known by the anterior
tibiae being furnished with a strong spur in the middle, in addition
to the pair at the apex, ^s in Cyrnus and Polycentropus, but from
those genera the different neuration of the wings, as well as the
general habit, remove it : the antennas are longer than in the last
genus, and rather stouter.

Sp. 1. senex. Fuscescente-brunnea, Jronte tho7'aceque pilis argenteo-albidis
vestitis, antennis Julvis albo annulatis, alis anticis canescentibus, albido nigroque
variegatis costa nigro-punctata. (Long. corp. 5 — 6 lin. ; Alar. 12 — 13 lin.)

N.G. (554). nigripunctatus. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3591.— Phil, conspersus.
Phil. Mug. {Curtis) v. iv. p. 213 .?— Hyd. senex. Pictet, 219. ;j/. xix./. 1.

Head and thorax pale fuscous, the former with a band of silvery-white hairs
round the eyes, and a tuft of the same on the forehead, and the latter with
white hairs above; the under side, palpi, and legs, are pale tawny; antennae
tawny, with white rings ; anterior wings ashy, or hoary, with numerous
irregular whitish blotches and black spots, placed somewhat regularly on the
margins, but irregularly on the disc, and the hinder margin with some
indistinct yellowish and dusky spots, and near the base, towards the inner
margin, is a tuft of brown hairs ; posterior wings pale ashy, and imma-
culate.

nXjjKrpoc calcar, kvijixij tibia.

HYDROPSYCHID.E. — PHILOPOTAMUS. 169

Larva with the head fulvescent, dotted with black, the central spots disposed

in a circle, the rest of the body pale fleshy-yellow.

Apparently rare near London, but not uncommon in Devonshire,
in July.

Genus XII.— PHILOPOTAMUS, Leach MSS.

Antennae nearly as long as the wings, slender, with a tuft of hair at the base :
maxillary palpi very long, the terminal joint considerably longer than the
others united, and attenuated to the tip : head moderate : eyes large, sub-
globose : thorax stout : wings elongate-elliptic ; anterior with four indistinct
transverse nervures, placed nearly in a line with the stigma, and another
situated obliquely about the middle of the costa; posterior small, very
slightly folded: abdomen shortish, broad, depressed, acute at the apex,
which is furnished with horny appendages in the males : legs moderately
long : anterior tibiae armed with a pair of longish spurs at the tip, interme-
diate and posterior each with a long "pair at the tip, the former with a
second pair above the middle, and the latter with a pair below the middle :
tarsi moderate, middle pair not dilated in the females.

The pretty insects contained in this genus differ from the following
in having a distinct transverse nervure, placed rather obliquely, about
the middle of the costa, the other transverse nervures are situated
in nearly a straight line, somewhat parallel with the hinder margin,
and arising from the stigma ; the anterior wings are rather acutely-
elliptic, very prettily maculated with yellow or tawny, on a brown
ground; the posterior ones are small and but little folded; the
anterior tibijE are destitute of a medial spur.

Sp. 1. ScOpulorum. Niger, pedibus antennisque fulvis, his hrunneo annulatis,
alls anticis hrunneis luteo-maculatis, posticis fuscescentibus brunneo-macidatis,
(Long. Corp. 4 — 5^ lin.; Exp. Alar. 9 — 15 lin.)

Phi. Scopulorum. Leach MSS.—Stepk. Catal. 317. No. 3599.

Black: palpi and antennae tawny, the latter annulated with brown; forehead
with a dense griseous pile ; anterior wings brown, irregularly spotted with
round pale luteous spots of various sizes, largest on the costa; posterior
wings fuscescent, with obscure luteous and brownish spots on the margins ;
legs pale tawny.

Extensively distributed throughout the mountainous districts of
England, Scotland, and Ireland; found but rarely in the lower
parts of the country : it occurs in June.

Sp. 2. variegatus. Niger, antennis pedibusque fulvescentibtis, alts anticts
Mandibulata, ¥ol. VI., Sept. 30th, 18-36. y

lyO MANDIBCLATA. TllICHOPTERA.

brunneis maculis numerosis, rotundatis, luteis, posticis griseis. (Long, corp,
5 Jin.; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 2 — 4 lin.)

Phr. variegata. Fahricius. — Phi. variegatus. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3601.

Black: antennae and palpi pale tawny; anterior wings deep brown, with
numerous distinct^ rounded, bright luteous spots, the largest of which are
on the margins ; posterior wings plain griseous ; legs pale tawny.

Taken, but not very commonly, in Devonshire, in June.

Sp. 3. montanus. Niger, antennis brunneis, pedibus fulvis, alis fuscesceiite-
brunneis, luteo obscure maculatis. (Long, corp. 3—4 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9 — 11
lin.)

Phr. montana. Donovan, v. xvi. pL 548./. 1.— Phi. montanus. Steph. Catal.
p. 318. No. 3609.

Black : palpi and antenna; brown; legs tawny; anterior wings dusky-brown,
with numerous indistinct rounded luteous spots ; posterior wings darker
more transparent, and with a few dusky spots on the margin, at the extre-
mities of the nervures.

Found in Devonshire, and in South Wales and Ireland, in July.

Genus XIII.— HYDROPSYCHE, Pictet.

Antenna; very slender, generally longer than the wings, and sometirhes a little
serrated within, the basal joint rather stout: maxillary jaa/pt above as long
again as the labial, the terminal joint very much elongate and slightly
attenuated, irregidarly wrinkled transversely, as is also the apical joint
of the labial : head pilose : eyes small : thorax subovate : wings rather
ample, anterior elongate, narrow at the base, the apex obliquely truncate.

fSp. 4. reticulatus. Niger, alis subferrvgineis atro reticulatis viaculatisque.
(Exp. Alar. 15 lin.?)

Phr. reticulata. Linni, — Turton (!) — Phi. reticulatus. Steph. Catal. 318.
No. 3602, note.

Black : wings pale ferruginous, anterior transversely reticulated with black,
with some spots of the same on the hinder margin and on the disc ; posterior
with a waved black fascia, and a marginal row of somewhat confluent black
spots.

I have never seen this insect : from the Liiinean definition, it hardly belongs
to this genus, but I know not where else to locate it: from Panzer's figure
it seems allied to the foregoing insects, and probably the Linnean term,
''venis atro reticulatis," merely refers to the appearance of reticulation
arising from the colouring.

Turton gives this as indigenous, but I believe improperly.

HYDEOrSYCHlD.E. — HYDROI'SYCHE. I7I

or rounded; transverse nervures few in number, irregularly dispersed, the
middle of the costa without one : posterior wings ovate, with a trifid
nervure in the centre : legs moderately stout : anterior tihlce with a pair of
spurs at the apex, intermediate and posterior with a pair of long ones at the
tip, the former with a second pair above the middle, and the latter with a
pair much below the middle : intermediate tibicE and their tarsi dilated in
the females. Larva furnished with external respiratory organs.

These insects differ from those of the preceding genera by having
the antennae usually considerably longer than the wings and very
slender ; the wings are of different shape, being somewhat truncate
at the apex, and they are generally destitute of a transverse nerve
towards the middle of the costa; the proportions of the joints of the
palpi are slightly different; their colours are of sombre hue, the
wings not being prettily maculated with yellowish on a brown ground,
as in Philopotamus, and the posterior pair have a trifid central
nervure.

Sp. 1. atomaria? Brunnea, infrh ochracea, cano pilosa, alls canescentihus,
atdicis ochraceo nigroque maculatis, pedibus flavesceatibus. (Long. corp. 4§
lin.; Exp. Alar. 9—11 lin.)

Phr. maculata. Donovan, v. xvi. pZ. 548./. 2. — Phi.maculatus. Steph. Cuial.
318. No. 3600. — Phi. instabilis. Phil. Mag. (Curtis) v. iv. p. 213. — Hyd.
atomaria. Pictet, p. 201. pi. xvii./. 1 ?

Head and thorax brown, clothed above with greyish hairs, the sides and
under surface of the latter ochreous ; abdomen brown above, ochreous
beneath and at the apex ; wings pale grey, the anterior with a few more or
less indistinct blackish dots and ochreous spots, the former predominating
on the costa, and the latter on the inner margin, where are two rather larger
brownish blotches, separated by two ochreous ones ; on the hinder margin
are also some conspicuous ochreous spots ; legs and antennae pale tawny,
the latter annulated with brown ; palpi brown.

Var. jS. Phi. obliquus. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3610.— Wings more distinctly
spotted, the spots disposed in two somewhat oblique streaks.

Larva with the head brown, with four azure spots, the three following
segments brown, the abdomen greyish-green, its last segment and legs
yellowish.

Found, occasionally, near London, in June and July, but more
abundantly in Devonshire and Scotland.

Sp. 2. tenuicornis. Capite, thorace abdomineque nigricantibus, antennis graci-
libits, ochraceis, alls anticis canescentibus, ochraceo nigroque puncfatis, posticis
j'usccsccntibus, pedibus ochraceu-j'ulvis, (Long. corp. 4 lin.; Exp. Alar. 10 —
11 lin.)

y2

172 MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTERA.

Phi. antennatus. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3612.— Hyd. tenuicornis. Piclet,
p. 203. pi. xvii./. 2.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dusky, or blackish, clothed with a greyish pile ;
antennae very long and slender, pale ochreous ; anterior wings hoary-brown,
minutely sprinkled with ochreous and black dots, the latter condensed into
black spots on the inner margin ; posterior wings dusky-brown, immacu-
late ; legs tawny-ochreous, tibiai palest.

Larva with the head and three anterior segments blackish, the former with
three orange spots ; the remaining segments, except the last, which, and its
appendages, are ochreous, greyish-green; respiratory organs orange ; legs
yellowish

Not common : found, occasionally,-^ in July, near London.

Sp. 3. guttata. Capite, thorace abdominc-que nigris, griseo pilosis, alis anticis
canescentibus ochraceo nigroque distincte maculatis, posticis alhidis, pedihus
fulvis. (Long. corp. 3§ lin.; Exp. Alar. 9 — 10 lin.)

Phi. bimaculata. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3611. — Hyd. guttata. Pictet, p. 203.
pi. xvii./. 3.

Head, thorax, and abdomen black, clothed with a greyish pile ; antennsB
moderately long, pale tawny ; anterior wings hoary, distinctly spotted with
ochreous and black, the latter predominating towards the inner margin ;
posterior wings whitish hyaline ; legs tawny ; claws black.

Larva with the head brown, its sides and round the eyes yellowish, the crown
with a black T; the three following segments grey, yellowish on the sides,
and edged with black ; abdomen greenish, its apex and respiratory organs
whitish j legs yellow.

Also uncommon : taken, in June, near London.

Sp. 4. pellucidula. Capite palpis thoraceque nigricantibus, abdomine Lrunnea,
antennis ochraceis , fusco punctatis, alis semihyalinis, anticis iiidistiiicte ochraceo
fuscoque irroratis, marginihus internis et posticis ochraceo maculatis. (Long.
Corp. 6| lin.; Exp, Alar. 13— 15^ lin.)

Phi. dorsalis. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3614.— Phi. pellucidulus. Phil. Mag.
(Curtis) V. iv. p. 213.— Hyd. Iseta. Pictet, 204. pi. xvii./. 4.

Palpi dusky ; head and thorax blackish above, clothed with very short greyish
hairs ; abdomen brown ; wings semitransparent, anterior very obscurely
irrorated with pale fuscous and ochreous, this last colour condensed into
roundish spots at the apex of the costa and on the hinder margin, and into
elongate ones on the inner margin, forming, when the wings are closed,
conspicuous dorsal marks ; posterior wings paler and more transparent ;
legs pale ochreous ; antenniB very long and slender, ochreous, with dusky
spots.

Larva robust ; head ochreous, with a blackisli spot in form of a cross ; thoracic

HYDROPSYCIIID.E. — HYDROFSYCHE. 173

segments pale brown, the two last each with an oblique black streak on
the anterior angle, all edged with black ; abdonr.en ochreous ; respiratory-
organs whitish ; legs yellow.

Found, near London, in June and July, and rather abundantly
in Devonshire, and in Scotland and Ireland.

Sp. 5. hibernica. Ochracea, capite, thoraoe, abdomineque funds, alts hyaUnis
itervis ochraceix, anticis postice obscure fusco punctatis. (Long. corp. 4—5
lin.; Exp. Alar. 11^—124 lin.)

Phi. ochroleucus. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3613. — Hyd. hibernica. Curtis,
folio 601.

Ochreous : head, thorax, and abdomen fuscous, the former clothed with
bright greyish hairs; wings semitransparent, with ochreous nervures^
anterior indistinctly spotted towards the base, and more distinctly on the
tip of the costa and on the hinder margin with ochreous and pale fuscous ;
antennae shortish, pale ochreous, with slender oblique brownish rings at
the base; legs pale ochreous.
I obtained a pair of this species from the Marshamian collection :

the locality unknown. " Roundstone in Connemara." — Curtis, I. c.

Sp. 6. lanceolata. Capite thorace abdomineque nigricantibus, alisfuscis, anticis
svbfalcatis, obscure irroratis, viargine posticofusco punctato. (Long, corp, 3^
—4 lin.; Exp. Alar. 12—13 lin.)

Phi. marginepunctatus. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3615.— Hyd. lanceolata. Phil.
Mag. {Curtis) v. iv. p. 213.

Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish, clothed with pale greyish hairs; wings
fuscous, anterior slightly falcate, clothed with shining ochreous pubescence,
somewhat freckled, and the hinder margin spotted with fuscous ; legs pale
tawny ochreous ; antennse moderately long.
Found, occasionally, near London, in July, and in the north of

England, rather commonly.

Sp. 7. angustipennis. Capite thorace abdomineque nigricantibus, alis fuscis,
anticis ochraceo tinctis stigmate brunneo, maculisque ochraceis, antennis sub-
scrratis. (Long. corp. 3^-4^ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 10—13 lin.)

Phi. affinis. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3608.— Hyd. angustipennis. Phil. Mag.
{Curtis) V. iv. p. 213.

Head, thorax, and abdomen blackish, the latter paler beneath ; wings fuscous;
anterior tinged with ochreous, with a brown stigma, an oblong ochreous
spot before and a round one at the hinder angle, most distinct in the males ;
legs ochreous, the base dusky or fuscescent ; antenna; slender, ochreous,
obscurely serrated within, and faintly annulated with brown.
Found, occasionally, near London, in July ; also in Norfolk and

in Scotland.

174 MANDIBULATA. TIlICHOr-TERA.

Sp. 8. fulvipes. A^iger, abdominis segmentorum marginihtis pallidis, tibiis
tarsisque pallidi f'ulvis, ulis anticis brunneis, obscure ochraceo nebulosis.
(Long. coip. 5 — 6 lin.; Exp. Alar. 13 — 14 lin.)

Phi. obscurus. Sleiih. Catal. 318. No. 3607. — Hyd. fulvipes. Curtis, v. xiii.
pi. 601.

Brown-black : head and neck clothed with griseous hairs ; margins of the
abdominal segments pale or ochreous ; wings pale tawny-brown, obscurely
freckled with ochreous, nervures dark, with a small dot on the costa at the
apex of the first furcate one ; posterior wings paler, not freckled, and
slightly iridescent ; legs tawny, femora and sometimes the tibiae dusky ;
antenna; tawny, annulated with brown.

Not common : taken in July near London ; also at Carlisle, and
in Devonshire and in Dorsetshire.

Sji. 9. angustata. Fusco-griseus, ahdomine nigricante suhtus virescente, alts
suhhyalinis, anticis ochraceis, holosericeis, iridescentibus, ntbulis 2-bus sub-
ochraceis. (Long. corp. 2§ lin.; Exp. Alar. 62 — 7 lin.)

Hyd. angustata. Curtis, fol. 601. — Hyd. angustata. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit.
Appendix.

" Antennae shorter than the wings, annulated ; head and thorax griseous ;
abdomen slate-colour, beneath silky-green or whitish ; wings subdiaphanous,
fuscous; superior (anterior) ochreous, with silky yellowish puliescence, and
slightly iridescent, a large obscure ochreous spot on the costa towards the
apex, and another on the interior margin beyond the middle." — Curtis, I. c.

This insect appears to unite the present genus with Cyrnus, but the anterior
tibiae are not spurred in the middle : it differs considerably in habit from
Hydropsyche.

I possess a pair of these insects, which ansv/er to the above
definition of Mr. Curtis : they were found in July in the garden at
the Hermitage : it occurs, according to Mr. Curtis, in Loch Derg.

Genus XIV.— CYRNUS mihi.

Antcnnce stoutish, considerably shorter than the wings, but as long as, or longer
than, the body, the basal joint slightly thickened : palpi slender, maxillary
ones long, the terminal joint filiform and transversely wrinkled: head rather
large, pilose : eyes globose : thorax subovate : wings small ; anterior narrow,
elongate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base, the hinder
margin with four bifid nervures, the longitudinal nervures each united by a
transverse one, forming three elongate discoidal areolets, and two triangular
ones towards the apex ; posterior smal], ovate, slightly folded, the costal
portion divided by a row of transverse nervures : legs stoutish, and rather
long : anterior tibiue with a pair of shortish spurs at the apex, and a single

HYDROPSYCHID.E. CYRNUS, 175

longer one in the middle ; intermediate and posterior each with two pair,
one pair at the apex, the other pair in the former towards the base, and in
the latter below the middle.

From the foregoing genera this may be known by the anterior
tibiae being furnished with three spurs, two at the apex, and one in
the middle, and from the following, which agrees in that particular,
by the different neuration of the wings : these last organs are gene-
rally of plain hue, and have mostly a transparent spot on the disc :
the antennae are shorter than the wings,which are rounded at the apex,

Sp. 1. unipunctatus. Nigricans, antennis fedibusque fulvis, alis fuscescentibus,
nervis saturatioribus, anticis viaculu albo-hyalina. (Long. corp. 21 — 3 lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 2^—3 lin.)

Tin. unipunctatus. Steph. Calal. 316. No. 3571.

Blackish : head brown ; margins of abdominal segments beneath pale ochreous;
legs and antenn£E tawny, the latter faintly annulated with Itrown ; wings
brownish, with an ochreous tinge, the nervures fuscous ; anterior with a
white hyaline spot at the apex of the inner discoidal areolet ; posterior
wings more transparent, and slightly iridescent.

Not common : taken in June and July, at Hertford, Ripley, and
in other places, within the metropolitan district.

Sp. 2. pulchellus. Fuscus, pedibus fulvis, antennis ochraceis, brunneo annulatis,
alis ochraceo-fuscis, aniicis ad apicem, pallide luteo irroratis, punctoque dis-
coidali albido. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6 — 7 lin.)

N. G. (553). pulchellus. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3589.

Fuscous : apex of the abdomen, palpi, and legs tawny ; antennse ochreous,
annulated with brown ; anterior wings ochreous-brown, prettily freckled
with pale luteous, especially at the apex, with a whitish hyaline dot at the
tip of the inner discoidal areolet, the nervures dark fuscous ; posterior
wings darker fuscous, iridescent and immaculate.

This also occurs in various places within the metropolitan district,
in June and July, and likewise in the New Forest and in Devon-
shire.

Sp. 3. urbanus. Gracilis, ochraceus, capite thoraceque supra brunneis, alis

angustis, immaculatis, antennis brunneo annulatis, palpis nigricantibus.

(Long. corp. 2^ lin.; Exp, Alar. 5^ — 6 lin.)
Hyd. urbana. Pictet, p. 213. pi. xix. /. 13. — Cyr. cognatus. Steph. Nomen.

^d edit. col. 119.
Very slender: head and thorax light ochreous, brown above; eyes and palpi

blackish; antennae ochreous, annulated with brown; anterior wings narrow.

176 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA.

especially at the base, pale ochreous, immaculate, nervures very faint ; ]eg,s

pale yellow.

Taken near London, in June.

Sp. 4. iinicolor. Subgracilis, ochraceus, capiie fialpisque hrunneis, alls hyalinis,
perlepide iridescentibus. (Long. corp. 2 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6 lin.)

Hyd. unicolor. Pictet, p. 218. jd/. xx.J". 5.

Rather slender : head and palpi brown, the latter darkest or dusky; rest of
the body, with the legs and antennte, bright ochreous ; wings pale ochreous,
very transparent, immaculate, and beautifully iridescent.

Found in June, at Hertford.

Genus XV.— POLYCENTROPUS, Curtis.

Antennae stoutisb, shorter than the wings, but longer than the body, the
basal joint thickened, the apical ones attenuated : palpi slender, slightly
pilose; maxillary long and incurved, the terminal johit somewhat filiform,
transversely wrinkled, and about as long as the others united : head trans-
verse-ovate : eyes globose: thorax robust: wings small; anterior some-
what elliptic-ovate, rounded at the apex, narrowed at the base, the costa
with a central transverse nervure, two others in a line towards the tip at
the base of the second furcate nervure, an oblique one towards the hinder
angle, and another between that and the inner margin towards the base ;
posterior slightly folded: legs rather stout, anterior shortest, their tihice
furnished with a pair of spurs at the apex, and another on the side above
the middle; intermediate and posterior each with a pair at the apex, the
former with a second pair above the middle, and the latter with a pair near
the apex ; intermediate tibiae at the apex, and their tarsi, dilated in the
females.

This genus — Amathus of my Nomenclature, 2nd edit., (555) of my
Catalogue — agrees with Cyrnus and Plectrocnemia in having a spur,
or spine, about the middle of the anterior tibiae, as in many Lepi-
doptera, in addition to a pair at the apex ; but from these genera
the different neuration of the wings, exclusively of the variation
in the structure of the palpi, distinguishes the present; the colouring
is gayer than in those insects, and the form of the wings dissimilar :
the species are of small size, and rather difficult to discriminate from
each other.

Sp. 1. subpunctatus. Fusco-hrunneus, antennis pedibusque ochraceis, alls
ochraceo-fuscis, anticis obsolete fusco irroratis. (Long. corp. l\ — 2 lin.; Exp.
Alar. 6—7 lin.)

HYDROPSYCHID.E. I'OLYCEKTROFUS. 177

N. G. (555.) subpunctatus. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3592.— Am, subpunctatus.
Steph. Nomen. '2d edit. col. 119.

Dusky-brown: head paler, clothed with griseous hairs; palpi and legs pale
ochreous ; antennae the same, faintly annulated with brown ; wings ochreous-
brown, anterior clothed with golden hairs, and obsoletely dusted with
fuscouSj nervures fuscescent j posterior wings paler, slightly iridescent.

Found, occasionally, in June and July, near Hertford.

Sp. 2. picicornis. JV/gricans, tibiis tarsisgue ochraceis, an tennis piceis nigra
anmdatis, alis fusco-fulvescentibus, anticis obsolete Jusco nebulosis. (Long.
corp. 2 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6—7 lin.)

N. G. (555.) picicornis. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3593. — Am. picicornis.

Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 119.
Dusky : palpi and femora the same ; tibiae and tarsi dull ochreous ; antennae

pitchy, with obscure black rings ; head clothed with griseous hairs ; wings

of a tawnyish-brown, anterior with golden hairs and obscure darker shades ;

posterior paler, somewhat hyaline and iridescent.

Taken in July, in Devonshire.

Sp. 3. pyrrhoceras. Fusco-nigricans, antennisfulvis, brunneo annulatis,pedibus
ochraceo-fidvis, alis fuscescentibus, anticis ochraceo irroratis. (Long. corp.
2| lin.; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 6^ lin.)

N. G, (555.) pyrrhoceras. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 359&.— Am. pyrrhoceras.
Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 119.

Bluish-brown : head clothed with griseous hairs ; antennae tawny, with brown
rings; legs tawny-ochreous, with the femora rather dusky behind; wings
fuscescent, anterior rather thickly and uniformly sprinkled with small
rounded ochreous dots; nervures fuscescent; posterior more transparent,
slightly iridescent.

Apparently not common : taken in the vicinity of London in
July.

Sp. 4. fuliginosus. Capite thoraceque nigricantihus, antennis abdomineque piceis,
pedibus obscure ochraceis, alis fusco-infum,atis ohsoletissime. ochraceo irroratis,
(Long. corp. 2§ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 7 — Tf lin.)

N. G. {655.) fuliginosus. Steplu Catal. 319. No. 3594.— Am. fuliginosus.
Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 119.

Head and thorax blackish, clothed with a dull griseous pile ; abdomen pitchy ;
wings dull smoky-brown, anterior very obscurely freckled with minute
indistinct ochreous atoms; posterior immaculate, more transparent; legs
dirty-ochreous, the tibiae and tarsi brightest; antennae pitchy, obscurely
annulated with brown.

Also found in the neighbourhood of the metropolis, in July
Mandibulata, Vol. VI,, Sept. 30th, 1836. z

178 MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTERA.

Sp. 5. conciimus. Capite tkoraceque brunneis, ahdomine fusco basi pallidiore,
pedibus antennisque ochraceo-fulvis, his obscure brunneo annulatis, alls anticis
fulvescente-fuscis ochraceo irroratis. (Long. corp. 2| lin.; Exp. Alar. 8 lin.)

N. G. {665.) concinnus. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3595. — Am. concinnus. Steph.
Nomen. 2d edit. col. 119.

Head and thorax brown, clothed with griseous hairs ; abdomen fuscous, with
the base paler, the margins of the segments also palish; wings tawny-
brown, anterior with a slightly golden pile, and thickly, but minutely,
freckled with ochreous, some of the spots rather confluent on the costa ;
posterior wings of a darker hue, more transparent, a little iridescent, with
brown nervures, and immaculate; legs and antennae tawny-ochreous, the
latter annulated with brown.

Taken at Ripley, in July.

Sp. 6. trimaculatus. Ochraceo-fuscus, alls anticis punctis numerosis rotundatis
ochraceis, pedibus antennisque ochraceis, his annulis pallidioribus. (Long. corp.
1^—2 lin.; Exp. Alar. 5 — 6 lin.)

Am. cambricus. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 119.— Pol. trimaculatus. Phil.
Mag. (Curtis) v.iv.p.213.

Ochreous-brown, with a coppery tinge; head clothed with pale griseous
hairs; wings fuscescent, anterior with numerous round ochreous spots,
largest on the margins, with three or four more distinct towards the hinder
angle; posterior wings paler iridescent, and more hyaline, the margin some-
what fuscescent; legs and antennae dirty-ochreous, the latter with paler
rings.

Found occasionally at Hertford, towards the end of June, and in
Norfolk.

Sp. 7. irroratus. Fusco-brunneus, alis anticis maculis numerosis ochraceo-
sericeis ornatis nebulisque fuscis, pedibus subcastaneo ochraceis. (Long. corp.
2i — 3 lin.; Exp. Alar. 8—9 lin.)

N. G. {555.) flavomaculatus. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3597.— Am. maculatus.
Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 119. — Pol. irroratus. Curtis, v. xii. pi. 544.

" Brown, head and thorax with shining yellowish hairs ; antennae annulated
with ochre ; superior (anterior) wings with numerous ochreous silky spots,
close together, but leaving several spaces, forming seven or eight brown
patches on the costa, disc and inferior (inner) margin ; under wings very
iridescent ; legs dull ochreous, with a pale castaneous tint." — Curtis, I. c.

Found, occasionally, in the vicinity of the metropolis, in June,
but more abundantly in the north of England, and in Scotland.

Sp. 8. multiguttatus. Fuscus, alls anticis punctis numerosissimis ochraceis
notatis, maculdque alba. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 82—9 lin.)

HYDROPSYCHID.E. APHELOCHEIRA. 179

N. G. (555.) subnebulosus. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3598. — Am. subnebulosus.
Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 119. — Pol. multiguttatus. Curtis, fol. 544.

" Fuscous^ iridescent: antennae nearly as long as the superior (anterior) wings
in the male, spotted or annulated with ochre ; superior (anterior) wingg
with innumerable ochreous spots, with a white dot on a fuscous space on
the interior margin, and an oblique line on the disc ; posterior tibiae brown,
especially the upper side in the male." — Curtis, I. c.

Also found, occasionally, within the metropolitan district, in June,
and not uncommon in Scotland, in July.

Genus XVI.— APHELOCHEIRA* mihi.

Antenna rather shorter than the wings, slender, placed somewhat remotely,
and distinctly serrated within: palpi slender, maxillary ovate, the basal
joints of nearly equal length, the terminal one scarcely longer than the
others united, transversely wrinkled : head densely pilose on the crown : eyes
globose : thorax short, ovate : wings ample, broad, anterior a little elongate,
narrowed at the base, expanded near the apex, which is obtusely rounded;
towards the tip are one or two very faint transverse nervures, but no vestige
of one on the costa ; hinder wings short, ovate, also with few indistinct
transverse nervures : abdomen rather short and robust, compressed, the tip
with two short horny processes in the males, obtuse in the females : legs
rather short ; anterior tibice slender, with two short spurs at the apex, inter-
mediate and posterior each with a pair of spurs at the apex, and a second
pair below the middle ; hinder tibiae rather stoutest and longest.

The brevity of the antennae and wings, combined with the breadth
of the latter, the few transverse nervures with which they are fur-
nished, of which there are none about the middle of the costa ; the
simple unarmed anterior tibiae, &c. sufficiently point out their
distinction from the other genera of this family ; the wings are of
sombre hue, more or less faintly freckled with a pale tinge, in some
cases amounting almost to spots, as in the genus Thilopotamus ; but
the general habit of the insects demands their separation from those
insects.

Sp. 1. flavomaculata ? Plate xxxii. f. 3. v ar. —Fusco-hrunnea, abdominis
seymentorum marginibus pallidis, alisgriseo-fuscis, anticis obsolete luieo macu-
latis. (Long. corp. 24— 2f lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6—8 lin.)

ktptXoQ simplex, x^'P mamis.

z 2

180 MANDIBULATA. — TKICHOPTEllA.

Hyd. flavomaculata. Pidet, p. 220. pi. x\k. f. 2? — Aph. flavomaculata ?
Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Dusky-brown : head densely clothed with short griseous hairs ; antennse
ochreous, annulated with brown ; abdomen with the margins of the seg-
ments pale; anterior wings griseous- or tawny-brown, more or less
obscurely freckled with yellowish, or ochreous, the nervures darker;
posterior wings more transparent, iridescent and immaculate ; legs tawny-
ochreous.

The anterior wings are sometimes totally destitute of luteous spots, as in the
individual whence the figure was taken.

Apparently rare, or rather very local : found in June in Devon-
shire, near Plymouth.

Sp. 2. subaurata. Brunnea, pedihiis ochraceo-fulois, alis subfuscis, anticis
immaculatis, aureo-pilosis. (Long. corp. 1| lin.; Exp. Alar. 5|lin.)

Ti. subaurata. Steph. Catal. 317. No. 3578.

Brown : head pale, clothed with short griseous hairs ; legs pale tawny-
ochreous; antennae ochreous, annulated with brown; wings somewhat
fuscescent, the anterior clothed with a short golden pile, immaculate;
posterior more transparent and iridescent, with brown nervures.

Found within the metropolitan district.

Family V.— SERICOSTOMID^ mihi.

Antennce shortish, robust, with the basal joint enlarged and longish, or slender,
with the basal long and very hairy : pal-pi dissimilar in the sexes ; maxillary
in the males triarticulate, with the terminal joint clavate or pilose, or spoon-
shaped, and forming by their union a kind of mask ; in the females they are
five-jointed, the terminal joint being slender ; the second joint, in both
sexes, rather long : wings long and narrow, sometimes very pilose, almost
wholly destitute of transverse nervures, and the longitudinal ones not very
distinct : posterior wings small, and but slightly folded on the inner margin :
abdomen rather stout, the apex of the males armed with horny appendages,
and of the females obtuse : legs moderate : tibice mostly armed with spurs
at the apex, the two hinder pair each with a pair above the tip.

Larva robust, short, slightly attenuated to the apex, which is truncate, and
furnished with short terminal processes ; head and following segment
scaly, the remainder soft and fleshy : in some instances the anterior angle of
each thoracic segment is acutely pointed, in others rounded ; legs rather
slender, hinder pair short : the larva resides in double flat cases, to which
pieces of stone, &c. are fastened; or in slightly curved ones, which are
attenuated atone end, and resemble shells belonging to the genus Dentalium.

The insects of this family are generally of moderately large size,

SERICOSTOMID.E. EEACHYCENTRUS. 181

and are remarkable for the disparity that exists in the palpi of the
sexes, the labial ones in the males being more or less clavate, and in
the females having their terminal joint small ; the wings are almost
destitute of transverse nervures, and are usually rather thick, are of
plain colours, rarely adorned with spots. The indigenous species
may be thus divided into genera : —

Tibiis antieis baud calcaratis : . . . .18. Potomaria.

bicalcaratis ;
inf ermediis hicalcnTntis: . . . .19. Sericostoma.

quadricalcaratis ;
^M^ewm's remotis ; ca/can6 MS brevibus : . . 17. Brachycentrus.

approquintantibus ;

art", basali vix elongato: . . 20. Notidobia.

elongate ;

hirsiuissimo : . 23. Morbionia,

vix hirsute ;
(Palpis mamllarib'us maris) iivaricath: . 21. Silo.

recurvis. . . 22. GoiiRA.

Genus XVII.— BRACHYCENTRUS, Curtis.

Antermw remote at their origin, shorter than the wings, stout in the males,
rather slender in the females, the basal joint slightly robust: maxillary
palpi in the males short, diverging and very pilose, in the females long and
slender : head rather small, transverse, pilose : eyes globose, lateral : thorax
short, hairy : wings ample, broadest towards the apex, which is obtusely
rounded ; anterior with a small triangular areolet on the disc between the
stigma and the inner margin, from which arise four somewhat parallel
nervures, which extend to the hinder margin, the following nervure is trifid,
each branch becoming furcate on the margin, the second costal nervure is
abruptly angulated before the stigma ; posterior wings smaller, ovate, with
the costal nervures bifid at the apex, the inner one simple : legs rather
short: tihice with a pair of short spurs at the apex, the intermediate and
hinder pair with a second pair below the middle.

These insects are remaikable for having the spurs of the tibiae
very short ; the antennae, which are of dissimilar degrees of robust-
ness in the sexes, are placed somewhat remotely from each other ;
the palpi are short, diverging and very pilose in the males, but
slender and longer in the females ; the wings are less opaque than
in the other genera of this family, and have the nervures distinct,
with a conspicuous elongate-triangular areolet on the upper pair
towards the apex of the disc.

182 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA.

Sp. 1. subnubilus. Niger, alls fuscescentibus nervis pideis, anticis jftavescente
suhnebulosus, tibiis tarsisque ochraceis. (Long. corp. 2^ — S^ Hn. ; Exp. Alar.
8§— 12 lin.)

N. G. (557.) nubilus. Steph. Catal 318. No. 3616.— Meroe nubila. Steph.
Nomen. 2c? edit. col. 119. — Br. subnubilus. Phil. Mag. (Curtis) v. iv. p. 215.

Black: head and thorax clothed with griseous hairs; wings pale fuscous,
anterior with a slight tawny hue, the nervures pitchy, the areolets on the
hinder margin, the small discoidal one, and the stigma yellowish in the
middle, the inner margin and the edges of the transverse nervures dark
fuscous ; posterior wings paler, immaculate, with the nervures dull pitchy ;
femora dusky, tibiae and tarsi pale ochreous ; antennae black.

Taken in the New Forest and in Devonshire, and occasionally
near London in June.

Sp. 2. concolor. Ater, alis fuscescentibus, immaculatis, nervis piceis, tibiis
tarsisque ochraceo-fuscis. (Long. corp. 2| lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8 lin.)

N. G. (557.) concolor. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3617.

Deep black: head and thorax clothed with blackish pile; wings pale fuscous,
with darker or pitchy nervures ; anterior immaculate, posterior more trans-
parent and paler ; femora blackish, tibiae and tarsi dusky-ochre ; antennae
stout and black.

Also found, occasionally, near London, in June, and in Devon-
shire.

Sp. 3. costalis. Ater, alis fuscescentibus, immaculatis, costa stigmateque fuscis,
nervis piceis, femoribus fuscis, tibiis tarsisque fusco-ochrace is. (Long. corp.
2^ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8 lin.)

N. G. (557.) costalis. Steph. Catal. 318. N^o. 3618.

Deep black : head and thorax clothed with blackish hairs : wings pale fuscous,
anterior immaculate, the nervures pitchy, costa and stigma fuscous; femora
fuscous ; tibiae and tarsi dirty-ochre.

Taken in June, near London.

Genus XVIIL— POTOMARIA, Leach MSS.

Antenna; shorter than the wings, moderately stout, the basal joint robust and
slightly pilose : maxillary palpi clavate in the males, very short ; elongate,
slender and pilose in the females, with the terminal joint short and attenuated :
head small, pilose : eyes large, globose : thorax stout : wings narrow, anterior
narrowed at the base, rounded at the apex, with a few transverse nervures
towards the hinder margin, which is somewhat obtusely truncated obliquely :
posterior wings small, ovate-triangular, slightly folded within: abdomen

SERICOSTOMIDiE. — POTOMARIA. 183

robust^ obtuse, somewhat elongate : legs rather short and slender ; anterior
tibiw without spurs, intermediate with a pair at the apex, hinder with a pair
at the apex, and a second pair considerably below the middle.

These insects may be known by having the anterior tibiae destitute
of spurs, either in the middle or at the apex; the antennae are
shorter than the wings and stout, with the basal joint slightly robust
and a little pilose: — they are of large size, and have the wings
obtusely rounded at the apex : they frequent running waters.

Sp. 1. analis. Plate xkxiv. f. 4. — Nigra, alls fuscis, anticis macula anali
alba, nebulisque basalt albidis. (Long. corp. 4^ — 6 lin, ; Exp. Alar. 13 — 15
lin.)

Phr. analis. Fabricius.—Vo. analis. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3622.

Black : head densely clothed with a golden pile ; antennae deep brown, with
darker clouds ; wings fuscous, with darker nervures, posterior immaculate,
anterior more or less clouded with whitish towards the base, and with a
somewhat triangular white spot on the anal angle; legs ditty-ochreous,
femora dusky.

Apparently rare : taken in July in the New Forest, near Brock-
enhurst, and likewise in Devonshire.

Sp. 2. assimilis. Nigra, alls fuscis, cupreo tinctis, immaculatis, tibiis tarsisque
obscure ochraceis. (Long. corp. 4 — 5 lin.; Exp. Alar. 13 — 14 lin.)

Po. assimilis. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3623.

Black : head with a bright ochreous tuft behind; palpi and antennae dusky;
wings fuscous, immaculate, anterior with a coppery tinge, the nervures
darker ; legs dusky, with the tibiae and tarsi dirty-ochreous.

Also found in the New Forest, in July, and in the north of
England, and in Devonshire.

Sp. 3. hyalina. Nigra, antennis gracilibus, brunneis, alis subhyalinis pallide
fuscescentibus, immaculatus, palpis tibiis tarsisque ochraceis. (Long. corp.

44 lin.; Exp. Alar. 14 lin.)
Po. hyalina. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3624.
Black: head with a pale tawny patch of hairs behind; palpi ochreous;

antennae slender, pale brown ; wings somewhat transparent, pale fuscous,

with darker nervures ; anterior immaculate, posterior rather dusky ; femora

blackish ; tibiae and tarsi ochreous.

Inhabits the metropolitan district, in June.

184 MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTERA.

Genus XIX.— SERICOSTOMA, LatreiUe.

AntcnncB not so long as the wings, very stout, especially at the base, the basal
joint robust, slightly pilose : maxillary palpi in the males recurved, densely
hairy, the two united forming an obtuse rounded mask, concave within and
convex without, and furnished with a silky pile within; in the females
elongated, five-jointed, the terminal joint short and slender : head small,
with a tuft between the antennae : eyes large : thorax robust : wings narrow,
anterior without transverse nervures, somewhat obtusely rounded at the
apex ; posterior smaller, elliptic-ovate, slightly folded on the inner margin :
abdomen somewhat robust, obtuse : legs shortish, slender : tibi(B all armed
with a pair of spurs at the apex, the intermediate without a second pair
below the middle, and the hinder with a pair near the apex. Larva some-
what cylindric, with the head and following segment scaly above, the
remainder soft: legs short, pilose.

At the time of the appearance of my Catalogue, I was not aware
that this genus had been named, as above, and characterised, by
LatreiUe,* and therefore I could not employ his name, but adopted
the very expressive one of Leach, from (ITjjoo-w^t-ov, persona,) the
mask-like appearance of the male palpi, which had previously
suggested a similar name to Spence for the only indigenous species,
as referred to in my Catalogue.

Sp. 1. Spencii. Plate xxxiii. f. 2. — Fusco-nigrum, alls anticis sericeo-testaceis,
aureo tinctis, antennis hrunneis, basi punctoque veriicis aurantiaco-ochraceis.
(Long. Corp. 4 — 5 lin. ; Exp. Alar. $ 10— ?14 lin.)

Prosoponia Leachii. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3627.— Pro. Spencii. Kirby and
Sp. Int. Ent. (Uh edit. 1830) iii. 488.— Ser. Latreillii. Phil. Mag. {Curtis)
V. iv. j3. 214.

Brown-black : antennae reddish-brown, with some scale-like hairs at the base,
and a tuft on the crown orange-ochreous ; anterior wings testaceous-brown,
with a golden silky gloss ; femora dusky-brown ; tibise and tarsi ochreous,
the female has the antennae darker at their base, and the orange spot on the
crown is less conspicuous; the mask on the face is wanting.

In my Catalogue I named this conspicuous insect after my lamented friend
Dr. Leach, whose brilliant career was suddenly obscured some years since,
and has now, alas ! within these few weeks been brought to a conclusion,
his death having occurred on the 24th of August last, at Genoa. In
Mr. Curtis's sketch of the undescribed species of May-llies, &c. he has

In Fam. Nat. p. 439.

SEinCOSTOMlD.E. NOTIDOEIA. 185

followed Mr. Haliday in naming this species after Latreille ; but the following

note* will show that his name must fall, it having been described long

since in Kirby and Spence.

Found in the New Forest, about Brockenhurst, in June and July ;
also in the west of England, in South Wales, near Carlisle, in
Scotland, &c.

Genus XX,— NOTIDOBIAf mihu

AnienncB much shorter than the wings, very robust, especially in the males,
in which sex they are somewhat serrated within; the basal joint very
slightly elongate, but robust and a little pilose: maxillary palpi short,
somewhat divaricating and pilose in the males ; longer and more slender,
less pilose in the females, with the terminal joint elongate-ovate ; labial
slender : head small, pilose : eyes large, subglobose : thorax stoutish : wings
rather narrow, short, anterior narrowed at the base, rounded at the apex;
all with a small ovate-triangular areolet towards the hinder margin,
adjoining to which is a waved series of transverse nervures: abdomen short,
robust and obtuse : legs short, stoutish ; tibiw all armed with a longish pair
of spurs at the tip, the intermediate and posterior each with a second pair
below the middle, lowest in the latter.

The short incrassated basal joint of the antennae of this genus,

* "But the animal distinguished by the most remarkable cheeks is a species
K)f Phryganea, L. {Fhryganea personata, Spence); for from this point projects
a spoon-shaped process, which curves upwards, and uniting with that of the
other cheek, forms an ample mask before the face, the anterior and upper
margins of which, in the insect's natural state, are closely united ; and the
posterior part, being applied to the anterior part of the eye, causes the face to
appear much swoln. It looks as if it was a single piece ; but, upon pressing
the thorax, it opens, both above and in front, into two parts, each convex
without and hollow within, and each having attached to its inside a yellow
tuft of hair resembling a feather."

To this account the following note is appended :^

" This insect was taken both at Matlock and Exmouth. The body and
thighs are of a light brown, wings testaceous, legs pale ; antennje between
setaceous and filiform, two-thirds the length of the body ; first joint not nuich
thicker than the rest."— Kirby and Sp. Inf. iii. p. 489. (1826.)

In the 2iid edition of this vol. p. 488 (published in 1830) the insect bears the
name Prosoponia Spencii, as above given ; the generic name being adopted
from my Catalogue, which appeared in July 1829.

t No7-t(T humiditas, iStowvivo.
Mandibulata, Vol. VI., Sept. 30th, 1836. 2 a

186 MANDIBELATA. TIJICHOPTERA.

combined with the approximation of the insertion of the latter, the
4-spurred posterior tibiae, short, divaricating maxillary palpi, and
slender labial ones, exclusively of the diversity in the formation of
the -wings, which have a distinct somewhat ovate areolet on the disc,
towards the apex of the wings, the dark colour of the latter, and the
brevity and stoutness of the antennae, serve to discriminate them
from the allied genera of this family.

Sp. 1. atrata. Nigra, alts (^anticis prceseriim) fuscis, immaculatis, tibiis
iarsisque obscure testaceis. (Long. corp. 4 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 10 — 13 lin.)

Phr. atrata. Fabricius. — Not. atrata. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3626. — Ser.
atratum. Piciet, p. 178. pi. xw.f. 5, a — c.

Black and pilose : antennce brown-black ; anterior wings deep brown, with a
coppery tinge, and clothed with a short black pile, immaculate ; posterior
wings rather paler ; femora black ; anterior and middle tibise and tarsi
obscure testaceous, posterior pale testaceous, or ochreous.

Not very uncommon : taken in June at Hertford ; also in the
New Forest.

Genus XXI. — SILO, Curtis.

Antennce shorter than the wings, the basal joint porrected, parallel, long, stout,
cylindric, hairy : palpi pubescent, maxillary in the males diverging, slightly
pilose, the three terminal joints of equal length ; head small, hairy on the
crown; e^/es prominent: ivings nearly twice as long as the body, obtusely
lanceolate ; anterior with two costal nervures, then three furcate ones, and
three others united near the disc, with a curved one near the hinder angle ;
posterior wings small : abdomen short and robust : tibice with a pair of spurs
at the apex ; intermediate and posterior with a pair also below the middle.

This and the following genus are distinguished by having the
basal joint of the antennae very much lengthened and robust, the
two are parallel with each other and porrected ; the males of the
present genus are distinguished from those of the following by having
the maxillary palpi divaricating and short; they are also very
pubescent, and the females have the same organs rather stout, but
slender at the apex ; the neuration of the wings is also somewhat
different in the two genera, which are, however, closely allied.

Sp. 1. pallipes. Nigra, alis nigro-fuscis, immaculatis, pedibus pallide ochracets.
(Long. corp. 4 lin.; Exp. Alar. 9 — 11 lin.)

Phr. pallipes. i^ainc/wi.— Not. pallipes. Sirph. Catal. 319. No. 3625.

SKKICUSTOMID.E. SILO. — GOEKA. IHJ

Black and slightly pilose: antennse dusky-black ; wings brown-black, imma-
culate, anterior with a griseous tinge ; legs pale ochreous.

In some examples the wings are of a paler hue than others, while some are
deep black.
Katlier common, in the neighbourhood of Hertford, in June and

Jul).

Genus XXII.— GOERA, Hojfmansegg.

Antennce longer than the wings, the basal joint stout, long and pubescent,
parallel, the remainder very small, much attenuated at the apex: palpi
pubescent; maxillary in the males recurved, and slightly clavate; of the
females slender: head rather small, pilose : eyes somewhat prominent: wings
rather broad, rounded at the apex, obtusely-lanceolate ; nervures not very
distinct, two on the costa, then three furcate ones, followed by a curved one
towards the posterior angle, which forms a dilated somewhat circular areole
towards the apex of the inner margin ; posterior wings small, slightly folded
within : legs rather short : tibia: all with a pair of spurs at the tip, the two
hinder pair with another pair below the middle.

As previously mentioned, these insects have the basal joint of the
antennae porrected, elongate and robust, and the two are parallel
with each other; the males are distinguished by having short
maxillary palpi, which are recurved and closely applied to the head ;
those of the female are long and slender ; the wings have a very
silken appearance, and have a conspicuous dilated and orbicular
areolet towards the apex of the inner margin.

Sp. 1. pilosa. Sericeo-ochracea, alis anticis suhtestaceo-ochraceis, iinmaculatis,
posiicis subfuscescentibus, oculis nigris. (Long. corp. 3^ — 5 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
9—11 lin.)

Phr. pilosa. Fabricius.—Go'e. pilosa. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3628.

Ochreous : eyes black ; head and thorax clothed with silky pile ; anterior
wings pale testaceous-ochre, immaculate and silky ; posterior somewhat
fuscous ; legs pale ochreous ; antennse brownish-ochre, the basal joint
palest.
Abundant, in July and September, at Hertford ; found also in

other parts of the country.

Sp. 2. flavipes. Sericeo-ochracea, ihorace ahdomine coxis feinoribuscjue fuscis.

(Long. corp. 3i— 5 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 10—12 lin.)
Goe. fuscata. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3630.— Goe. flavipes. Phil. Mag,

{Curtis) V, iv. p. 215.

2a2

188 MANDIBULATA. TRICIIOFTKRA.

Ochreous: eyes dusky; thorax and abdomen blackish^ clothed with silky
pile ; anterior wings silky-ochreous^ immaculate, beneath fuscous ; posterior
somewhat fuscous ; legs fuscous ; tibiae and tarsi pale ochreous ; antennas
brown, the basal joint clothed with ochreous hairs.

Less abundant than the last, but found in plenty within the
metropolitan district, at Hertford, Ripley, &c.

Sp. 3. vulgata. Nigra, alts Jlavo-testaceis immaculatis, pedihus ochraceo-Jlavis'

(Long. corp. 3^ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 10 lin.)
Phr. vulgata. Olivier.— Goe. vulgata. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3629.
Black, clothed with silky hairs; wings testaceous-yellow, immaculate;

posterior slightly paler ; legs wholly pale ochreous-yellow ; antennae

dusky.

Found, in June, near London, and in Devonshire ; not common.

+Sp. 4. irrorata. Ochracea, alis anticis suhochraceis, punctis numerosis indis-
tinct is albidis, antennis piceis ochraceo subannulatis. (Long. corp. — lin.;
Exp. Alar. 7 lin.)

Goe. irrorata. Phil. Mag. (^Cu7-iis) v. iv. p. 215. — Steph. Nomev. 2(/ edit.
Appendix.

" Ochreous, pubescent : antennae piceous, slightly annulated with ochre, the
basal joint long, stout, and very hairy ; wings very pale fuscous ; superior
(anterior) subochreous, with numerous indistinct whitish dots." — Curtis, I. c.

I know not this species, nor its locality.

Genus XXIII.— MORMONIA, Curtis.

Antenna; approximating at the base, rather longer than the wings, the basal
joint robust, considerably elongated, very pilose, and the two parallel and
porrected, the apical joints very slender : palpi moderate, maxillary in the
males porrected, slightly clavate and thickly clothed with short hairs;
labial slender : head small, very pilose : ei/es globose, rather prominent :
thorax densely hairy : luings moderately ample, anterior somewhat ovate-
Janceolate, and rather diaphanous, with few or no transverse nervures,
especially on the inner margin, towards the base of which is a patch densely
clothed with longish erect hairs ; posterior rather small : abdomen shortish
and robust : legs slenderish : tibice all furnished with a pair of spurs at the
apex, the two 'hinder ones each with a second pair below the middle.

These insects may be known by having the antennae placed some-
what closely at their origin, and by their slenderness, the great
length and hairiness of the basal joint, pilosity of the head, and
brevity of the palpi in the males, and their slenderness in the

SERICOSTOMID.E. MORMONIA. 189

females ; the wings are somewhat hyahne, short and narrow, and the
anterior pair are adorned with a dense hairy patch at the base
within.

Sp. 1. nigromaculata. Plate xxxii. f. 2. — Fusco-Lrunnea, oculis nigris,pedibus
antennisque ochraceis, his brunneo annulatis, alis fuscescentibus, anticis nigro
irroraiis. (Long. corp. 2| lin.; Exp. Alar. 9| lin.)

Goe. nigromaculata. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3633.

Fuscous-brown: hairy; eyes black; wings fuscescent, with darker nervures,
minutely sprinkled, especially the anterior, with black dots, particularly in
the direction of the nervures ; abdomen on its sides and apex, and the legs
ochreous ; antennae pale ochreous, with brown rings.

Found, but very rarely, in June, near liOndon, and in Devon-
shire.

Sp. 2. hirta. Fusco-brunnea, alis anticis maculis duabus obscurioribus, pedibus
pallidis, antennis pallidis brunneo annulatis. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
9—10 lin.)

Phr. hirta. Fabricius. — Goe. hirta. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3631.— Mor. gra-
cilicornis. Phil. Mag. {Curtis) v. iv. p. 215 $.

Fuscous-brown : palpi and eyes black, very hairy; anterior wings hairy, pale
fuscous-brown, with an ochreous hue, and two obscure clouds, or spots, one
on the disc, the other towards their inner margin ; the extreme hinder margin
is also slightly obscure ; posterior wings nearly glabrous and fuscous ; legs
and antenniE pale, the latter annulated with fuscous or brown, with the
basal joint very pilose.

Not uncommon, within the metropolitan district, in June, about
Hertford, Ripley, &:c. ; found also in the New Forest, m Devonshire,
near Oxford, &c.

Sp. 3. immaculata. Och-aceo-brunnea, alis anticis pall ide brunneis immaculatis,

antennis ochraceis fusco punctatis. (Long. corp. 25 — 31 lin.; Exp. Alar. 9 — 10

lin.)
Goe. immaculata. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3632.— Mor. maculicornis. Phil.

Mag. (^Curtis) v. iv.p. 215 ?
Ochreous-brown, or dusky, very pubescent : eyes black ; anterior wings pale

brown, immaculate ; posterior fuscescent ; legs pale ochreous ; antennae

ochreous, dotted with fuscous above.

Found, in the vicinity of Hertford, in June ; also in Devonshire.
Sp. 4. minor. Ocliraceo-brunnea, vculis nigris, alis hijalinis, iridesceniibus.

190 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA.

immaculatis, pedibus antennisque ochraceis. (Long. corp. 2 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
7 lin.)
Mor. minor. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

Ochreous-brown : eyes black; wings hyaline, iridescent, immaculate, pilose;
legs and antennae pale ochreous, the latter faintly annulated with fuscous.

Taken, in June, in Devonshire.

Family VI.— PSYCHOMID.E, Curtis.

Antennoe stoutish, not exceeding the length of the wings : maxillary palpi
similar in the sexes and 5-jointed, the terminal one elongate-filiform : wings
narrow, obtuse, or acute, without transverse nervures ; anterior with three
or four bifid ones on the hinder margin ; posterior small, resembling the
anterior, but not folded within ; cilia of all short : abdomen stoutish and
short: legs moderate : anterior tibice sometimes without spurs at the apex,
two hinder ones each with a pair at the tip, and a second pair towards the
middle.

The insects of this family, like the Hydropsychidse, have the
terminal joint of the palpi very long and slender; but from them
they may be known by the slenderness of the wings, which are totally
destitute of transverse nervures : the only indigenous genus frequents
mountain torrents, which I believe to be the case with the other
genera of this family.

Genus XXIV.— CHI MARRx\, Leach.

Anlennw scarcely so long as the wings, especially in the females, somewhat
robust, the basal joint longest, subovate, some of the following short, the
remainder oblong : palpi rather long, maxillary with the 2nd and 3rd joints
very long, the apical one slender ; labial with the terminal joint nearly as
long as the two others imited, and filiform : head subglobose : eyes globose,
very prominent : thorax ovate : wings slightly deflexed during repose,
destitute of transverse nervures ; anterior elongate, narrow, rounded at the
apex, with about nine longitudinal nervures, of which the four which extend
to the hinder margin are more or less deeply bifurcate: posterior ii^jk^'s
small, not folded : abdomen short, furnished with a short recurved process
at the apex in the females : legs rather long and stout, anterior the shortest,
their tibiae without spurs at the tip, the others with a longish pair at their
apex, another pair above the middle in the intermediate, and the posterior
with a pair below the middle: the intermediate tibiae of the females at the
apex, and the basal joint of their tarsi, slightly dilated.

PSYCHOMID.E. CHI M All R A. 191

The only indigenous genus of this family, and may be recognised
by having the palpi very long, with the 2nd and 3rd joints consider-
ably lengthened and stoutish, the terminal one slender : one species
only occurs in Britain.

Sp. 1. niarginata. Plate xxxiii. f. 4. var. 9. — Fusco-nigra, alls costa, margine
postico, lineisque aliquot anticarum ochraceo-Jlavis. (Long. corp. 4 — 5 lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 6—9 lin.)

Phr. marginata. Linnc.— Chi. marginata. Steph. Catal. 318. No. 3621. —
Curtis, V. xW. pi. 561.

Brown-black: head and basal joint of the antennae bright ochreous ; crown
black ; thorax with its anterior edge, or the collar, bright ochreous ;
anterior wings with the costa, the extreme hinder margin, and one or two
of the inner longitudinal nervures, bright ochreous-yellow, the other nervures
dusky ; posterior wings, with the upper portion of the costa, bright ochreous ;
legs ochreous, the anterior pair and tips of the hinder tibiae palest ; the base
of the femora and apex of the anterior tarsi blackish.

Some examples — as in the one figured — are of a paler hue, and have the yellow
edgings to the anterior wings, the oblique nervures, and the collar of a faint
brownish-ochreous.

Found on the banks of torrents in England and Ireland ; about
Dunlough Gap, near Killarney, and near Plympton in Devonshire,
very abundantly ; also in Cumberland and South Wales.

Family VII.— LEPTOCERIDt?^], Leach.

Antennoe slender, considerably longer than the wings, sometimes four or five
times as long, setaceous : maxillary palpi similar in the sexes, 5-jointed,
long, and generally hairy : wings furnished with several transverse nervures,
mostly disposed in an irregularly waved line, a little beyond the middle ;
anterior pair very l.mg and narrow, posterior smaller and much folded
within : abdomen moderate or short, rarely long : legs short, or somewhat
elongate : tibiue with spurs at the apex, and the two hinder pair frequently
with others below the middle. Larva long and slender, without external
lateral respiratory organs, the latter generally short, the four anterior
segments and legs bristly, the latter sometimes slender and elongate, at
others short and stout : it inhabits an elongate moveable case, in which it
changes to pupa.

The insects of this family are usually of a gregarious nature,
and may be sometimes observed, especially towards evening, in
large flocks, like gnats, sporting about, near the edge of slowly
running and quiet streams ; they are rendered very conspicuous by

192 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOI'TEUA.

the great length of the antennae, which are sometimes four or five
times as long as the body, and are usually very slender ; the v/ings,
especially the anterior, are also long and narrow ; the legs short,
sometimes having only a single pair of spurs on each of the four
posterior tibiae ; the eyes are in general very prominent, and the
palpi hairy. The indigenous species have been divided into the
following genera : —

Tibiis posterioribus bicalcaratis ;

Palpis max'illaribus ait^. 2-h\isha.sa\ihushTevihus: . 20. Cebaclea.

art", basali solo breve : . . 27- Lettocerus.

Tibiis posterioribus quadricalcaratis ;

yln^CTmwgracilibusalislongioribus (in niasculis denticulatis) : 25. Odontocerus).
incrassatis, baud alis longioribus, baud denticulatis: 28. Molanna.

Genus XXV.— ODONTOCERUS, Leach.

Antennce somewhat longer than the wings, stoutish at their base, their inner
edge regularly denticulated nearly to the apex, which is slender, the basal
joint elongate, porrect and robust : palpi very pilose, maxillary with the
three basal joints rather short, somewhat cylindric and of equal length; the
4th elongate, 5th scarcely pilose, rather shorter than the 4th : head small,
transverse : eyes large, subglobose : thorax robust : wings rather long ;
anterior elongate-elliptic, rounded at the apex, the 2nd longitudinal nervure
furcate from about its middle, the 3rd bifid nearly from the transverse
nervure, the remainder simple and parallel, but the 4th is bifid in the
females ; posterior elongate-triangular : abdomen rather stout, obtuse at the
apex in both sexes : legs shortish : anterior and intermediate tibice with a
pair of short spurs at their apex, and the latter with a long pair near the
base, hinder ones with a long pair near the apex, and a similar pair on the
tip itself. Larva robust, fleshy, broad, cylindric, truncate at the apex : legs
short and slightly pilose.

The denticulated antennae of these insects, exclusively of the
difference in the structure of the palpi, the neuration and opacity of
the wings, the double- spurred posterior tibia% &c. sufficiently point
out their distinction as a genus ; to which may be added, that the
posterior legs of the larvae are shorter than the 2nd pair, and the
larva itself is robust and somewhat cylindric.

Sp. 1. albicornis. Plate xxxiv. f. 1 ?. — Griseo-fuscus, alis griseis aut canes'
centibus vix maculatis, antennis albido-ochraccis. (Long. corp. 4—6 lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 15— ISlin.)

I'L TTJJT

"^.7/afisin/r

LlirTOCKKIU.K. ODOMTUiiKUUS. CEUACLKxV. 193

Phr.' albicornis. Scoj>. Ent. Car. No. 689.— Odo. griseus. Leach.— Steph.
Catal. SI 9. No. 3635.

Dusky-brown: head griseous, with whitish hair in the front ; palpi brown ;
thorax with griseous hairs in front, and some obscure spots beneath, at the
inserlion of the legs, which are dull ochreous; anterior wings griseous in
the male, and with a hoary tinge in the female, the nervures prominent,
dusky, especially the transverse ones, which are edged with the same ;
several of the areolets are clouded with a paler tinge ; cilia and posterior
wings fuscous ; antennae pale, whitish-ochreous.

Found, occasionally, near London, in June and July ; abundant
about Cheltenham and in Devonshire ; also common about Cai'lisle,
in Scotland ; Ireland, near Killarney ; and in Norfolk.

•fSp. 2. maculipentiis. Niger, alis anticis ochraceis nigricanie maculatis, pedibus
fulvis anticis femoribusqtie obscuris. (Long. corp. — lin. ; Exp. Alar. 16 lin.)

Odo. maculipennis. Phil. Mag. {Curtis) v. iv. p. 214. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit.
Appendix.

" Pubescent, black : head and thoiax griseous, scutellum ochreous ; superior
(anterior) wings ochreous ; nervures, margin, and cilia black, a spot on the
costa, the stigma, another beyond it, a large one at the posterior angle, and
several small ones round the d'sc, pale black ; legs fulvous, anterior pair
and thighs dusky." — Curtis, I. c.

" New Forest, in June." — Curtis, I. c.

Gexus XXVI — CERACLEA, Leach.

AnienncE slender, very much longer than the wings, not denticulated within,
the basal joint rather short and stout, the terminal ones extremely slender:
pa/pi very pilose ; maxillary with the two basal joints short, the 3rd
elongate, 4th shorter than the 3rd, 5th slender, slightly pilose : head small,
densely hairy in front : ei/es large, subgloboss : thorax stout : wings trans-
parent ; anterior elongate, narrow, rounded at the apex, nervures very
distinct, the 3rd and 3th bifid at the tip ; posterior obtusely triangular ;
cilia of all short : abdomen short, rather slender in the males, stout and
obtuse in the females : legs shortish ; tibicB all furnished with a pair of
spurs at the apex only ; intermediate and posterior pair somewhat bristly
beneath.

The antennae of Ceraclea are remarkably long and slender, which
character, united to the transparency of the wings, their conspicuous
nervures, the twr •(* '•t basal joints of their palpi, robust thorax, &c.
serve to distingi le gv^nus from Lcptoccrus, in whicli genus the

Mandibulata, Vol. VI., Slpt. .30th, 1836. 2 b

194 MAXDIBULATA. — -TKICHOPTERA.

four posterior tibia^, in common with Ceraclea, are armed with spurs
at the apex alone.

Sp. 1. nervosa. Nigra, alls anticis griseis, nervis Juscis, postieis hyalinis
obscuris, pedihus obscure ochraceis, nebulis obscurioribus. (Long. corp. 4 lin.;
Exp. Alar. 11—13 lin.)

Phr. nervosa. Latreille. — Cer. nervosa. Steph. Catal. 219. iVo, 3635.

Black : head with a whitish patch of hair between the antennae, the latter
spotted with white, especially beneath; anterior wings griseous, with black
nervures ; posterior transparent, dull fuscous, with darker nervures; legs
obscure ochreous, varied with darker shades.

Abundant, at the end of May and in the beginning of June, in Bat-
tersea-fields, near Hammersmith, Putney, and along the banks of the
Thames ; also taken near Killarney, in the Reeks Mountains.

Genus XXVII— LEPTOCERUS, Leach.

AntennoB much longer than the wings, especially in the males, slender, not
denticulated within, the basal joint shortish and robust : palpi in general
very hairy ; maxillary with the basal joint short, the remainder elongate,
the terminal one slender, and sometimes apparently divided into a 6th
joint : head small, pilose : eyes large, subglobose ; wings long and narrow,
rounded at the apex, nervures not very distinct, variable in position, as
shown in the sectional divisions: cilia short: abdomen rather long and
slender : legs slender : tibia each furnished with a single pair of spurs at
the apex alone.

Larva slender, fleshy, attenuated behind and truncate at the apex ; legs long
and slender, the hinder pair especially.

Leptocerus, hke Ceraclea, is distinguished by having the antennae
remarkably long and slender, in some cases exceeding the length of
the body four or five times ; the basal joint alone of the palpi is
short, the terminal one sometimes very long, and apparently divided
about its middle, producing the appearance of a sixth joint ; the
wings are long and opaque, with the nervures rather indistinct, but
varying in position at the apex, or hinder margin, of the wing : the
genus probably requires division, the first and last sections being very
dissimilar to each other ; the former one, as containing the type of
Latreille's genus Mystacide, might retain that name, while a new one
h required for the other.

LEPTOCERID.E.— LEFTOCERUS. 195

§ A. Apical areolets of anterior wings formed by a slightly curved line of
transverse nervures: — Mystacide, Latr.

Sp. 1. ochraceus. Pallide ochraceus, oculis atris, thorace ferrugineo, lineis 3-bus
longitudinalibics ohscuris, alls posticis hyalinis. (Long. corp. 3^ — 4 lin. j
Long. Antennarum 15 — 16 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 12 — 13 lin.)

Le. ochraceus. Curtis, v. ii./. 57. — Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3636.

"Pale dull ochre colour: eyes black ; antennae towards their apex and annu^
lations fuscous ; head and thorax ferruginous, the latter with three longi-
tudinal fuscous obscure stripes ; abdomen cinereous ; superior (anterior)
wings long, lanceolate, rounded ; cilia fuscous ; inferior (posterior) wings
Semitransparent ; legs pale." — Curtis, i. c.

Found on palings in the Regent's Park, and at Eenacre, in Suffolk,
by Mr. Curtis.

f-Sp. 2. testaceus. Rufescente-othraceus, oculis nigris alis posticis hyalinis apice
subfusco. (Long. corp. — lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8 lin.)

Lep. testaceus. Phil. M^g. {^Curtis) v. iv. p. SI*. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit.
Appendix.

*' Reddish-ochre, very pubescent : antennas long ; eyes black ; cilia fuscous ;
inferior (posterior) wings transparent, subfuscous at their tips/' — Curtis, I. c.

Locality not known to me.

Sp. 3. obtusus. Niger nitidus, antennis pedibusque brunneis, alis fuscis, anticis
rotundato-obtusis. (Long. corp. 3 — 3k lin.; Long. Ant. 8 — 9 lin.; Exp.
Alar. 7i— 8 lin.)

Lep. obtusus. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 120.

Shining black : eyes dull black ; antennae very long, brown, with the base and
upper surface dusky ; wings somewhat hyaline, fuscous, with dusky ner-
vures, the anterior pair very obtuse at the apex; legs brown; tibiae and
tarsi with an ochreous tinge on the outer edge.

Not common ; found, occasionally, within the metropolitan district,

in July.

Sp. 4. nigricans. Niger nitidus, antennis albo annulatis, alis fuscis, pedibui

brunneis, tarsis ochraceis. (Long. corp. 3§ lin.; Long, Ant. 7§ lin.; Exp.

Alar. 9 Im.)
Lep. nigricans. Steph. Catal. 320. No. 3648.
Blackish and shining: eyes black; antennae annulated with white; wings

fuscous, with darker nervures, the anterior pair obtuse at the apex ; legs

brown ; tarsi ochreous.

Found, in June, near London.

2b2

196 MANDIBULATA. TKICHOl'TERA.

Sp. 5. ater. Ater, oculis nigris antennis nigra alboque suhannulatis, alls imma-
culatis subiridescentibiis, pedibus nigris. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Long. Ant.
7| lin.; Exp. Alar. 9 lin.)

Mys. phaea. Steph. Caial. 320. JVo. 36G1. — Mys. atra. Piciet, p. 169. pi. xii.
/.4.

Dull obscure black, with the antenna faintly annulated with white; the
maxillary palpi long and hairy; the wings immaculate, slightly ciliated,
and a little iridescent ; posterior nearly as dark as the anterior.

Larva slender, bright pale ochreoiis, with numerous black dots, forming x-^i'^s
marks on the head and two first thoracic segments, the 3rd segment with
two black dots ; legs ochreous, dotted with black.

Taken near London, in June ; but apparently rare.

Sp. 6. niger. Niger nitidus, alls anticis sphndidc chahjhco-nigris, oculis rujis,
antennis tiigro alboque aniiulatis, pedibus brunneis. (Long. corp. 3 — 3| lin. ;
Long. Ant. 9 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 84 — 9s lin.)

rhr. nigra. LiniiL— Mys.? uigra. Steph. Catal. 320. No. 3659.

Bright shining black : eyes bright red during life, brown after death : antennae
very long, annulated with black and white ; anterior wings of a rich bluish-
or steel-black, and very glossy, with an obscure patch towards the apex of
the inner margin ; legs brown.

Larva attenuated behind, very pale ochreous, the head and two anterior
segments of the thorax spotted with black, the following segment with two
or three black dots ; legs also dotted with black, and very slender, the
hinder pair considerably elongated.

A specimen — which I supposed was the Ph. azurea of Linne — in my collection,
has the antennae of a pure white, and only four lines long ; the anterior
wings of a rich violet.

Extremely abundant, in June and July, within the metropolitan
district ; found also in Devonshire and in Scotland.

§ B. Anterior wings with the 2nd and 3rd nervures bifid on the hinder margin.

Sp. 7. perfuscus. Niger, alis anticis fusco-brunneis, immaculatis, posticis
saturate J'uscis, antennis albo nigroque annulatis, pedibus ochraceis. (Long,
corp. 3 lin. ; Long. Ant. 12 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9 lin.)

Lep. perfuscus. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3640.

Black : palpi brown ; head with a brownish tuft of hairs between the antennae,
the latter very long and annulated with black and white ; anterior wings
rich fuscous-brown, with a coppery tinge, immaculate ; posterior dark
fuscous, a little brownish at the base ; legs pale ochreous, especially the
tarsi.

Found, iu the vicinity of London, in June.

LKPTOCEUID.E. — I.EITOCEUUS. 197

Sp. 8. aureus. Niger, cano pilosus, antennis albo annulatis, alts anticis anreo-
sericeis, posticis griseis, iridescentibus, pedibus pallidis, tursis ulbis brunneo-
anmdatis. (Long. corp. 3 lin.; Long. Ant. 10 lin.; Exp. Alar. 10 — 11 lin.)

Lep. tarsalis. Steph. Catal. S19. Ao. 3641. — Mys. aurea. Pic(et, p. 162.
pi. xiii. J". 1

Black, clothed above with a hoary down ; palpi griseous ; antennae annulated
with black and white; anterior wings thickly covered with a short golden
pile, with a brighter spot towards the apex of the inner margin ; posterior
griseous and iridescent ; legs dull ochreous, with the tips of the tibise brown ;
tarsi white, annulated with brown.

Also taken near London, and obtained from the Marshamian
collection.

Sp. 9. annulatus. Niger, alis brunneis, maculis holosericeo-fulve.scentibus
arnati.s, paipi.i, jjedibiis, mitennisque brunneis, his albo subannulatis. (Long.
Corp. 3 lin.; Long. Ant 9 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 10 — 11 lin.)

Phr. annulata. Gmdia, p. 23G7. — Lep. subannulatus. Steph. Catal. 319.
No. 3642,

Deep I)lack : antennaa slender, above twice the length of the wings, brown,
annulated with white at the base, indistinctly so at the apex ; palpi and
legs brown; hinder tibiae obscure; anterior wings brown, glossy, and
adorned with a few yellowish hairs, forming rather ill-defined spots; cilia
black; posterior wings griseous, with fuscous cilia.

Obtained from Marsliam's cabinet : locality unknown.

Sp. 10. dissimilis. Fuloo-ochraceus, oculis nigris, antennis albidis, brunneo
annulatis, alis anticis griseo-ochraceis, immnculatis, posticis hrjalinis concinne
iridescentibus. (Long. corp. 3 lin.; Long. Ant. 8 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 83 — 9 lin.)

Lep. dissimilis. Steph. Catal. 319. A^o. 3637.

Bright tawny-ochreous, inclining to ferruginous on the thorax ; eyes black ;
antennte whitish, aimulated with brown: atiterior wings griseous-ochre,
immaculate ; posterior very transparent and beautifully iridescent ; abdomen
greenish-brown; legs palo ochreous.

Common, at Hertford, in June; also found in other places within
the metropolitan district.

S^i. 11. I'imaculatus. Niger, alis fuscis, anticis macula laterali duplici Jlava,
aut griseu. (Long. corp. 24 lin. ; Long. Ant. 7 lin.; Exp. Alar. 9 lin.)

Phr. bimaculata. Linn'c. — Lep. bimacnlata. Steph. Catal. 3'30. No. 3645.

Black: antennae black, faintly annulated with whitish towards the base ; wings
fuscmis, anterior with a lunate yellowish or griseous spot about the middle

198 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTEUA.

of the inner margin, and a second smaller one a little beyond ; posteridl'
immaculate ; legs pitchy-brown.

Taken, but rarely, near London, in July.

Sp. 12. interruptus. Niger, dlis fuscis, anticis strigis aliquot interruptis niveisj
margineque postico albo punctato. (Long. corp. 2^—3 lin. ; Long. Ant. 84
lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8^— QJlin.)

Phr. interrupta. Fabricius, — Donovan, v. xvi. pi. 551. — Lep. interruptus^
Steph. Catal. 320. No. 3650.

Black ; antennae annillated with white ; crown with a White patch ; palpi
pale ; wings fuscous, anterior with about three or four transverse snow-
white streaks, forming, as it were, interrupted lines, the 1st before the
middle, the 2nd rather beyond the middle, and a 3rd placed obliquely
towards the apex ; the hinder margin frequently dotted with white on the
cilia; posterior wings more transparent, immaculate; kgs pale.

The number and position of the niveous streaks on the anterior wings vary
slightly.

Abundant in the north of England and in Scotland, frequenting
the borders of lakes, in June and July : taken also on the banks of
the Tay, in Devonshire.

Sp. 13. affinis. Ater, antennis albo annulaiis, alis anticis punciis duobus mar-
ginalibus albis, pedibus subochraceis, tarsis albis. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Long;
Ant. 6 lin.; Exp. Alar. Q\ lin.)

Lep. affinis. Leach MSS.— Steph. Catal. 320. No. 3657.

Deep black : antennae annul ated with white; anterior wings with two white
spots on the margin, a little beyond the middle, one of them on the costa^
the other on the inner margin ; posterior immaculate ; legs somewhat
ochreous, clouded with blackish ; tarsi white.

Found in the north of England, near Carlisle, in June.

§ C. Anterior wings with the 2nd nervure bifid, the 5th trifid, on the hinder

margin.

Sp. 14. assimilis. Viridi-fusCus, oculis brunneis, antennis albofuscoque annu'
latis, alis anticis griseo-ochraceis, immaculatis, posticis hyalinis, iridescentibusi
(Long. corp. 2^—3 lin. ; Long. Ant. 7 lin.; Exp. Alar. 8—9 lin.)

Lep. assimilis. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3638.

Green-brown : head clothed with hoary pile in front ; atitennse annulated with
fuscous and white ; thorax with a faint pale longitudinal streak ; anterior
wings plain, immaculate, griseous-ochre ; posterior hyaline, iridescent; legs
pale ochreous ; tips of the tarsal joints brownish.

Found, not uncommonly, near London, in June.

LEPTOCERin.E.— LEPTOCEBUS. 199

Sp. 15. annulicornis. PalUde fuscus, antennis albis, nigra dUnulatis, palpis
pedibusque ochraceis, alts anticis griseo-brunneis, posticis subhyalinis, fusees-
centibus. (Long. corp. 24 — 3lin.; Long. Ant. 6 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9 — 10 lin.)

Lep. annulicornis. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3639.

Pale fuscous : antennae black, annulated with white ; palpi ochreous ; anterior
wings griseous-brown, immaculate; cilia rather pale; posterior wings
slightly hyaline, brownish; legs pale.

Also taken, not very commonly, near London, in June.

6p. 16. seminiger. Niger, aniennis albo-annulatis, alis anticis griseo-ochraceis,
posticis atro-fuscis, immaculatis, pedibus pallidis. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Long.
Ant. 6 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9 lin.)

Lep. seminiger. Steph. Catal. 319. No. 3643.

Black : antennae annulated with white ; palpi ochreous ; anterior wings
griseous-ochre, with a very faint paler ochreous dot before the middle of the
inner margin, two or three others placed obliquely towards the apex of the
wings ; posterior deep fuscous, immaculate ; legs pale.

Found near Hertford, and in the New Forest, in June and July.

Sp. 17. cinereus. Cinereo-fuscus, alis anticis cano pubescentibus, casta nebulisque
aliquot subochraceis, tibiis tarsisque albido-ochraceis. (Long. corp. 4 — 44 lin. ;
Long. Ant. 10 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 12—13 lin.)

Lep. grossus. Steph. Catal. 320. No. 3644.— Lep. cinereus. Phil, Mag,
(^Curtis) V. iv. p. 214.

Fuscous : eyes black ; " antennae very long, black, annulated with white,
clothed with griseous hairs ; wings fuscous ; superior (anterior) clothed
with grey pubescence ; costa slightly ochreous, as well as some iridescent
marks ; a small portion of the base of the inferior (posterior) wings pale
ochreous ; tibiae and tarsi of the same colour." — Curtis, I. c.

Inhabits the vicinity of London, and the New Forest, in July.

8p. 18. filosus. Niger, capiie injrdfulvo, antennis gracilibus brunnea alboque
annulatis, alis anticis ochraceo-brunneis, marginibus flavescentihus, posticis
hyalinis iridibus, pedibus pallidis brunnea annulatis, (Long. corp. 3— 3ifc lin. ;
Long. Ant. 7 lin.; Exp. Alar. 11 lin.)
Phr. filosa. iiwra^.— Lep. filosus. Steph. Catal. 320. No. 3646. ^
Black: head yellowish beneath; palpi and antennse brown, the latter very
slender and long, annulated with white from the base to the middle ;
anterior wings clear pale brown, somewhat transparent and immaculate, the
costal and inner margins pale tawny ; posterior wings more transparent and
iridescent; legs whitish, faintly annulated with brown.

Taken near London, in June.

200 MANDIBULATA. TRICIIOPTKRA.

Sp. 19. caliginosus. Niger, antennis tenuissimt alho annulatis, alls brunnes-

cente-fuscis, immaculatis, posticis bust subiridescentibus, pedibus ochraceo-

brunneis, tarsis paUidloribus. (Long. corp. 3 liti.; Long. Ant. 11 lin. ; Exp.

Alar. 9—10 lin.)
Lep. ater. Steph. Catal. 320. No. 3G47.
Deep black : antennae with very narrow white rings ; wings brownish-fuscous,

immaculate ; posterior a little darker, and slightly iridescent, especially at

the base ; legs ochreous-brown, with the tarsi paler.
In this and the following insect, as well as the immediately preceding one, the

third, or hinder twig of the 5th nerve arises nearly upon the transverse

nervure.
Pictet having a Mys. atra (described in p. 196), it becomes necessary to change

the name I had applied to this species.

Common, within the metropolitan- district, in June and July.

Sp. 20. aterrimus. Ater, antennis albo tenuissime anrnilatis, alls fusco-ni^ris,
nervis saturatioribus, pedibus fuscis. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Long. Ant. 6^ lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 84— 9^ lin.)

Lep. aterrimus. Steph. Catal. 320. No. 3649.

Deep black : antennae with slender white rings ; palpi fuscous ; wings brown-
black, with darker nervures, and immaculate ; posterior somewhat paler ;
legs fuscous.

Also common, in the vicinity of the metropolis, in June and the
beginning of July.

Sp. 21. bilineatus. JViger,paIpis antennisgue brunneis, his obscure JIavo annulatis,
alis brunneis, lineis 2-bus abbreviatis albidis, pedibus ochraccis. (Long. corp.
2| lin. j Long. Ant. 6 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 8 lin.)

Phr. bilineata. Linne, — Lep. bilineatus. Steph. Catal. 320. IVo. 3651.

Black: palpi brown; anteimse brown, with several of the lower articulations
faintly annulated with ochreous; anterior wings brown, each with three
oblique whitish lines or streaks, one of them on the inner margin, forming a
streak common to both wings, the other two towards the apex of the costa;
posterior wings hyaline and iridescent; legs ochreous, the tarsi faintly annu-
lated with brown.

Not common : taken in June near London.

§ D. Anterior wings (sometimes very narrow) with the nervures rather
indistinct, the 2nd nervure alone bifid on the posterior margin.

Sp. 22. quadrifasciatus, Niger, alis ochraceo-testaceis, anticis fasciis quatuor
latis nigris posticis immaculatis. (Long. corp. 2^ — 3 lin.; Long. Ant. 7 lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 8—10 lin.)

LEPTOCERID.E. LEPTOC.'ERUS. i201

Phr. quadrifasciata. Fahricius — Lep. quadrifasciatus. Steph. Catal. :52Q.
No. 3656.

Black: antennae annulated with black and white; wings dull ochreoustesia-
ceoiis, anterior with four broad black bands, placed nearly equidistantly, the
fourth at the apex; posterior immaculate, paler; nervures dusky ; abdomen
greenish-brown; legs pale, hinder femora duSky.

Not ver}' abundant : taken occasionally near London, but more
frequently in Devonshire and in Scotland.

Sp. 23. longicornis. Fuscns, alls anticis griseo et nigricante vnriis, posticis
griseis immaculatis, antennis pedlbusque paUidis. (Long. corp. 3 lin.; Long.
Ant. 9 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 94 lin.)

Phr. longicornis. Linnc. — Lep. longicornis. Sfppli. Caial. 320. No- 3655.

Pale fuscous : eyes black ; antennai whitish, about thrice the length of the
body ; anterior wings pale griseous, varied with dusky or blackish dots ;
posterior griseous and immaculate ; legs whitish.

Apparently rare : taken in June near London.

Pp. 24. rufo-giiseus. Fuscns, alis anticis riifo- griseis, atomis pallidiorifus,
posticis fuscis, suhhyalinis, pedilms palUdis, atitennis albis vigi'o inacidatis.
(Long. Corp. 24 lin.; Long. Ant. 9 lin.; Exp. Alar. 7§— 8 lin.)

Lep. rufogriseus. Stcph. Catal. 320. No. 3652.

Fuscous : eyes l)lack ; anterior wings griseous-red, with numerous fainter
atoms; posterior somewhat transparent, fuscous, darkest on the margins;
abdomen pale; legs whitish; antennae very slender, white, with narrow
black rings.

Not common: found in Devonshire, in July, and occasionally
near London.

Sp. 25. bicolor. Capdte, thoruce et alis anticis ochraceo-ftrriigincis, abdomine
alisgue posticis nigricnntibtis, antennis nigris albo anniilatis, pedibusfulvis.
(Long. Corp. 2S — 3| lin.; Long. Ant. 1{ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6 — 8 lin.)

Lep. rufus. Steph. Catal. 320. No. 3653. — Lep. bicolor. Phil. Mag. {Curtis)
V. iv. p. 214.

Head, thorax, and anterior wings light rusty-ochre; posterior wings and
abdomen blackish; legs fulvous; antennae very long and slender, black,
faintly annulated with white.

Rather more abundant than the last : found near London, and in
the New Forest, and in Devonshire, in July.

Sp. 26. elongatus. Pallide rufo-ochraceus, alis anticis angustis, ochraceis atomis
paucis atris, posticis hr/alinisfusco, iridescentibus, pcdibus anienrii.sque j allide

Mandibulata, Vol. VL, Dec. 31st, 1836. 2q

2()2 MAXDinULATA. T RlCIIOrTF.l? A.

griseii, his alb'.dn annnlatis. (Long. corp. 2 lin.; Long. Ant. 8^ liti. ; Exp-
Alar. 7 lin.)

Lep. elongatus, Sleph. Catal. .^20. No. 36.58.

Pale ochreous-red : eyes black; anterior wings very narrow, reddish-ochrCj,
witli some minute black dots on the nervures, especially towards the apex;
cilia rather pale ; abdomen pale ; posterior wings hyaline, and slightly
iridescent, with a fuscous tinge; legs pale; antennse pale griseous, annu-
lated with whitish.

T^tkcn in June, near London.

Sp. 27. tineiforrnis. Fusco-cinereus, uUs aiiticis angustissivils nervis foxco
irrorntis, 2>C(t'l>iix ocliraceo-albis, antennis albis ni(rro annvlaiix. (Long, corp,
§— 2i lin. ; Long. Ant. U lin. ; Exp. Alar. 6— 6^ lin.)

Lp^. gracilis. Stcph. Nomev. 2d cdif. col. ICO.— liCp. tineiformi?. Phil. Mug-
(Cwrf?*.*) V. iv. ». 214.

Aiihy-brown : ejes ])lack ; forehead very pilose ; anterior wings long and very
narrow,, the nervures faintly, but minutely, dotted with fuscous; posterior
V ings also narrow, immaculate, with longish cilia ; abdomen pale ; legs
cc'ireou^-white; a.ilenneo moderate, white, annulated with black.

ri:iijul. ill Ju'ie, at Ripley; also in the west of England.

Pp. 28. attenuatus. Capite tho7~aceque fuscis, alls aiigiistiasimis, suhhyaVinis
paUidis immaculaiis, ahdomine pedihusqiie ochracen-paUidls, anfenn is pallid is,
fusco aniinlnfis. (Long. corp. 1| — 2 lin.; Long. Ant. 4g^ lin. ; Exp. Alar.
5 — 6 lin.)

Lep. attenuatus. Stej)h. Catal. 320. No. 3654.

Head and thorax fuscous: eyes black; wings very narrow, hyaline, pale,
immaculate, the posterior pair faintly suffused with fuscous, with their cilia
very long; abdomen and legs pale ochreous ; antennse pale, annulated with
fuscous.

Taken, at the end of June, at Ripley.

Gen-US XXVIII.— MOLANNA, Curtis.

Antenna; stout, not longer than the wings, the basal joint longish and robust :
palpi slender, slightly hairy ; maxillary with the two basal joints short, the
3rd and 4th longish and stout, the 5th slender, filiform, a little longer than
the 4th: ^eai small : eyes slightly prominent: /Ao?^rt.r stoutish : wings \or\^
and narrow, obtusely rounded at the apex, anterior with the 4th nervure
trifid, the 5th bifid, posterior with the 1st and 3rd nervures bifid: abdomen
shortish, slender, obtuse at the apex in the females: legs long, slightly
pnhescent, and setose beneath, all the tihias armed with a pair of lonpish

LKi'TOC lilliU.E. — J-HUVGANlJD.li. -03

spurs at the apex, and the intermediate and posterior each with a secuud
pair considerably below the middle.

This genus, in my opinion, scarcely belongs to the present family,
yet I know not where better to place it : from the other general it
differs in having the antenna^ not longer than the wings, the latter
very obtusely rounded at the apex, and differing in the positions of
the transverse nervures from the true Leptoceridte and the l^iryg.i-
nidae ; the lega, moreover, are rather long, and the two hinder yuiv
of tibia? are each furnished with two pair of longish spurs, one pair
at the apex, and the other pair much below the middlr.

Sp, 1. nigripalpis. Plate xxxiii. i'. 3. — Cajjiie, pnlpis abJominegue funis,
thoj^acefulvo, alls ant ids ochraceo-m-riceis, jwxticis pallidefuscesceniibus, pediLits
J'ulvii. (LoiifT. corn. '} Uu.; Exp. Alar. 12 IIu.)
Amblypleryx nigripalpis. Stepli. Catal. 31S. No. 3til9.

Head and palpi fuscous ; thorax bright tawny ; abdovneu fuscous, its apex
rather ochreous ; anterior wings thickly clothed with an ochreous silky
pubescence, the nervures somewhat fuscous; posterior wings pale fuscous,
with darker nervures ; legs pale tawny ; antennie tawny, spotted with
fuscous.

Found, but apparently very rarely, in the vicinity of London, at
Hertford, in June ; also taken in the New Forest.

Sp. '2. angustata. Cajnte thorncc ab(lunuiiecjv.e Jlsci^, t:ulpii ^tdihuMiuc n.Jb-
ochraceis, ali's m'iicis sitbfulvis, iwrvis fmcis, posticis fuscesceiiiibun. (Long,
corp. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 12 liu.)

Amb. rufipalpis. Stcph. CafuL 318. A'o. 3()-'0.—]\iu. angustata. Phil.Ma;^.
{Curtis) V. iv. p. 2]i.

Head, thorax, and abdomen, fuscous ; paipi and legs ocbreous-red ; anterior

wings dull tawny, clothed with a silken pile, with tlie nervures fuscous ;

posterior pale fuscous ; antennae tawny, with fuscous spots above.
The head, thorax, and abuonien, are sometimes pale tawny-ochreous; all the

wings didl fuscous-ochre, with darker nervures. — Probably a distinct

species.

Likewi.sc taken near Loudon, in July, ami in Devonshire, in
June.

Family VIIL— rHllYGA^^^D.K lulhL

Antenna: setaceous, longer than the body, but nut longer than the wings:
maxillary palpi slightly hairy, dissimilar in the sexes, those of the male being
3 or t-articuhite, and of the female j-jointed, the tcnniiuJ .joint shorter

204 MAKDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA.

than the two precedhig united ; labial 3-articulate, the last joint ovoid :
wings furnished with a series of transverse nervures, forming a llexuous or
repanded line towards the bifurcations of the longitudinal ones ; posterior
wings ample, considerably folded within : abdomen moderate, slightly
compressed: legs rather short: tibia mostly furnished with a pair of long
spurs at the apex, and the two hinder pair with others about the middle;
the tibije themselves and the tarsi very frequently armed with short spurs
beneath. Larva residing in a moveable case of various forms, and difFerenily
composed : the head and thorax are scaly, and the legs short : the respira-
tory organs are isolated, and arise transversely on the upper and under
surface of the body.

The insects embraced in this family are amongst the largest of the
order, especially those of the typical genus, some of which are very
bulky : in the structure of the oral organs there is considerable
difference, in general, between the sexes, the maxillary palpi of the
males being mostly 3- or 4-jointed, while those of the females are
invariably 5-jointed ; the antenna? are longer than the body, but
shorter than the wings, and are rather stoutish : the wings are
distinctly furnished with a somewhat repanded series of transverse
nervures, placed a little beyond the middle, and the posterior pair
are much folded ; in the anterior there is considerable diversity of
outline, as well as of neuration, whence the species may be readily
subdivided in grovips, or genera : the tibia? and tarsi are mostly
armed with short rigid spire-like setae, and the legs are rather short.
The larva^ reside in moveable cases, composed of various substances,
and of various forms ; the head and thorax are scaly, and the rest of
the body soft, the first abdominal segment being, in general, much
dilated and rounded on the sides ; the terminal joint is truncate, and
furnished with two hooks.

The British species may be thus divided into genera : —

7'j^m- baud seligeris : ..... 35. Neuronia.

setis arniatis ;
Corpus latum, deprcssum : . . . . 34. Agrypnia.

subcompressum, hand depressum ;
><fe setis erectis ornatis: . . . .31. CH-'EXOPTE'b^ x.

pilosis, vix sctigeris;
Palpi maxiilares

arti°. lilt", breve, subelliptico : . . .29. Phuyganea.

elongate, filiformi
Alts anlicix latis, versus apicem dilalatis, margine postico

rotundato: . . .30. Halesus.

aiigustis, niargiue postico i-otuiidato : . 33. Anabolia.

oblique truncate . . 32. Limnephilus.

PHRYGANID.E. PHRYGANEA. 205

Gexus XXIX.— PHRYGANEA Auctorum.

AntcniiuE setaceous, approximating, longer than the body, but shorter than the
wings, slightly pubescent beneath : palpi rather pulsescent ; maxillary of
the male 4-jointed, of the female 5-jointed, the terminal joint elliptic-ovoid :
labial 3-articulate in both sexes, the apical joint of the male robust, some-
what ovate, of the female more slender and somewhat elliptic : head ovate :
eyes globose, prominent : thorax ovate : wings slightly deflexed during
repose; anterior elongate, lanceolate, with a waved line of transverse
nervures, placed rather beyond the middle, at the origin of the bifurcation
of the longitudinal ones ; posterior more ample, ovate-triangular : abdomen
of the males compressed, and furnished at the apex with two long, incurved
horny appendages, two shorter ones below them, and a bilobed one between ;
of the females robust, and obtuse at the apex : legs rather stout ; tibioe with
numerous short spines, and two spurs at the apex, the two hinder pair with
a second pair of spurs below the middle; the hinder tibiae long and curved.
Larva with the head and following segment scaly, the 5th segment much
dilated on the sides, the respiratory organs prominent, and placed obliquely,
the apex of the abdomen with two hooks ; case formed of pieces of aquatic
plants.

This genus contains the largest species of the order, and, exclu-
sively of their great bulk, they may be known by having the terminal
joint of the palpi rather short and ovate ; the palpi themselves are
dissimilar in the sexes, those of the males being 4-jointed, and of the
females 5-jointed : the wings are in general ornamented with rather
conspicuous colours, the anterior being somewhat lanceolate, and
rounded at the apex, and the posterior being very simple, and of
plain colours.

Sp. 1. grandis. Brunneo-fusca, supra pulescenie-grisea, alis fusco-testaceis
maculis parvis numerusissimis pullidiuribus, punctoque albido, mas; autfusco-
cinereis nebulis pallidioribus, lineoUsque diiabus inierruptis nigris, punctoque
a/Z.0, foemuia. (Long. corp. 4—9 lin.; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 6 lin.— 2 unc.
4 lin.)

Phr. grandis. Linnc.— Wood, v.u.pl iS.—Steph. Catul. 321. A^o.3678^.—
Phr. .striata. Linne ?—Stepk. Catal. 321. No. 3677 <? .

Dusky-brown, clothed, especially above, with a pale griseous or ashy down ;
eyes black; antennoe testaceous-brown, dotted at the base above with
dusky, or pitchy ; sides of the thorax black ; wings of the male dull testa-
ceous-Iirown, anterior thickly clouded with small palish spots, with a larger
and brighter one towards the hinder angle, the nervures obscurely dotted
with blackish, or fuscous, and the hinder margin spotted with the latter

20() MANDIBUI.ATA. TlllCHOPTKIlA.

colour; of the female the anterior vviugs are more of an asliy hue, less
freckled with pale dots, especially on the disc, which last is clouded with
fuscous, and bears one or two irregular and interrupted black streaks, the
longest one terminating in a conspicuous white dot; posterior wings iu
both sexes immaculate; legs dull tawny, four anterior annulated with
fuscous.
The markings on the anterior wings vary considerably in intensity, and are
sometimes nearly obliterated.

llather local, but in some places very abundant, especially about
Albury in Suriey, in June and the beginning of July; also taken at
Ripley, Hertford, in the New Forest, and in Devonshire.

Sp. 2. Beckwithii. Griseo-J'uAca, alls unticis iiigro valdl nebulosis, antennis
piceis. (Long. corp. 6 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 1 unc. 9 lin.)

Phr. Beckwithii. Leach MSS.—Steph. Catal. 321. Mo. 3679.— Phr. grandis.

Kirhy and Sp. Int. pi. in-f- 4 }
Griseous-brown, clothed with a paler down; antennae pitchy ; sides of thorax

dusky ; anterior wings fuscous, thickly freckled with paler spots, and very

much clouded with dusky-black ; nervures slightly dotted with fuscous, the

lander margin spotted with the same ; legs pitchy.

I suspect this to be only a strong variety of the foregoing species.

Sp. 3. atomaria. Fusco-cinerea, alls anticisfusco-ciiierascentibus, punctis nigris
numerosissimis sparsis, pedibus ochraceis. (Long. corp. 7 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
1 unc. 10 Hn.)

Phr. atomaria. Fabricius.—Steph. Catal 321. No. 3681.

Ashy-brown : eyes black ; antennae yellowish ; head and thorax hairy ; body
cinereous ; wings pale ashy-brown, the anterior very thickly sprinkled with
minute black dots; legs ochreous, with blackish spurs.

Apparently very rare : taken in the vicinity of the metropolis, in
July.

Sp. 4. varia. Grlseo-fusca, alls anticis nigra alborjue variis, puttcto distincto
niveo, antennis pedibusque fulvis, fusco annulatis. (Long. corp. 5 — 7 lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 11— 16§ lin.)

Phr. varia. Fabrisius. — Donovan, v. vixi. pi. 277. f. 1. — Steph. Catal. 321.
No. 3682.

Head griseous-brown, with tawny down ; palpi testaceous, with the tip black ;
eyes black : antennae dull testaceous, annulated with brown ; thorax fus-
cescent, or ochreous, with griseous or ashy pile ; anterior wings fuscous,
irregularly varied with black clouds and spots, largest towards the inner
margin, and with numerous white dots and blotches, two of the latter

I HRYGAXID.E. PIIUVGAXE A. 'CO'J

being large, and placed somewhat obliquely on the inner margin ; towards
the apex of the disc is a conspicuous snow-white dot, appended to a black
streak, and another edged with black near the posterior angle ; the posterior
wings are slightly iridescent, with the apex rather broadly tipped with
brown; legs pale tawny, annulated with brown.

Extremely variable in the intensity of the markings, and slightly so in their
positions.

Larva dirty shining green, with the head and legs ochreous, the former with
elongate black streaks; the following segment also ochreous, edged
anteriorly and posteriorly with black.

Not very uncommon, in the vicinity of London, towards the end
of June ; taken also in Norfolk, Camhridge, South Wales, Devon,
and Scotland.

Sp. 5. minor. Fusco-ochracea, alis anticis ochraceis, nigro-fusco nelulosis,
macula costali fusca, fasciuque subrepandd posticd albido-ochraced. (Long,
corp. 3^—5 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9 — 12 lin.)

Phr. flexuosa. Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3680. — Phr. minor. Curtis, v. xiii.
pi 592.

" Subochraceous : antennae annulated with brown, the base, crown of head,
and back of thorax greyish, with ochreous hairs ; base of a])domen brown,
back fuscous; wings pubescent, nervures brown; superior (anterior)
ochreous, variegated and reticulated, with a brown patch at the base, an
imperfect fascia at the middle, with a black lunate spot and white dot on
the disc, a brown fimbria at the posterior margin, bearing two round
ochreous spots on the costa, a distinct line formed of similar spots parallel
to the margin, which is broken by similar spots, and the edges spotted with
brown ; inferior (posterior) wings iridescent, pale fuscous at the apex ;
palpi, anterior thighs, and tips of tibiae brown." — Curtis, I. c.

The ochreous spots vary a little in position in different specimens, and, in lieu
of the imperfect central fascia, there is only a deep fuscous costal spot.

Taken in the garden at the Hermitage, South Lambeth, in July ;

fSp. 6. Phalaenoides. Nigra, alis albidis, macuUs nigris sparsis. (Long. corp.

— lin.; Exp. Alar lin.)

Phr. Phalaenoides. LinnL—Turton {[)— Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3683, note.
Black : antennae half the length of the body ; wings whitish ; anterior

sprinkled with numerous black dots, disposed in a row on the hinder

margin ; posterior white, the hinder margin with a black band, the lateral

margin with black dots.
Indicated, but improperly, by Turton, as British.

208 MAXDIBULATA. TIIICHOPTER A.

also in other parts within the metropolitan district, and in the New
Forest and in Scotland, but not very plentifully.

■ Genus XXX.— HALESUS mihl

Antennte setaceous, short, somewhat remote, longer than the body, and as long-
as the wings : palpi slightly pubescent ; maxillary of the males 4-jointed, of
the females 5-jointed, the terminal joint long and somewhat acuminated ;
labial 3-articulate in both sexes, the terminal joint ovate, most robust in the
males: Aeai transverse, /"ro^t^ rather prominent : e^ej large, globose: thorax
ovate, collar distinct : wings considerably deflexed during repose ; anterior
elongate, lanceolate, with the costa somewhat dilated towards the apex, the
hinder margin rounded, nervures moderately distinct; posterior very ample,
transparent, and much folded : abdomen of the males slightly compressed,
furnished at the apex with short horny appendages ; of the females more
robust, and somewhat cylindric, with the apex obtuse : legs rather stout :
iibicB armed with numerous short spities, and two spurs at the apex ; the
two hinder pair each with a pair below the middle; hinder tibiae straight.

Larva very robust, the head and following segments scaly, the 3rd dilated, the
body cylindric: case formed of pieces of wood and stones, connected with
much regularity.

The very ample posterior wings of the insects of this genus, and
the large anterior ones, of which the costa is somewhat dilated
towards the apex, and the hinder margin distinctly rounded, will
sufficiently distinguish them from the allied genera ; and from Lim-
nephilus this last character alone will enable the reader to know
them, inasmuch as in that genus the hinder margin of the anterior
wings is always truncate, and sometimes deeply excised.

Sp. 1. digitatus. Ochraceo-hrunneus, antennis briinneis, alis anticis pallidis
nervis albidis brnnneo 711 ar (/in at is, areolis post ids lined longitudinali Brunnel.
(Long. corp. 7—9 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 18 — 24 lin.)

Phr. digitata. Schranck, 309. No. 616.— N. G. (371). (PLilenus, N'om.)
radiatus. Leach MSS.—Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3670.

Pale ochreous-brown : head with a longitudinal tawny streak ; palpi pale ;
antennae brown ; thorax also brown and pubescent, the anterior margin
rather tawny ; anterior wings ample, the nervures whitish-ochre, edged
with brown, forming a border to each areolet, the groundwork of which is
whitish-ochre, in some with paler spots and brown lines, and the areolets
on the hinder margin have a more or less distinct brown central line, pro-
ducing a radiated appearance ; posterior wings very transparent pale
yellowish, immaculate ; legs pale tawny, with black spines.

FHUYGANIO.E. HALESUS. 209

Extremely variable as to the markings on the anterior wings, which are some-
times nearly obliterated, and at others remarkably powerful.

Larva robust, fleshy : head and thorax brown, with numerous black streaks,
forming regular figures, radiated on the head ; the abdomen is pale yellow ;
legs tawny ; it forms a very compact case, comprised of small pieces of
wood^ &c. placed somewhat longitudinally, or a little inclined.

Extremely abundant, in the autumn, about Hertford and its
vicinity ; also taken at Ripley, in Devonshire, near Carhsle, in
Scotland, Suffolk, the New Forest, &c.

Sp. 2. cingulatus. Fulvo-ochraceus, ocuHs nigi'is, alis anticis palllde ochraceis
miinaculaiis, abdovihie fulvescente segmentorum marginihus nigris. (Long.
Corp. 8§ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 18 lin.)

N. G. (371.) cingulatus. (angulatus). Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3671.— Ph.
pilosa. Piclet, p. 134. pi. vi./. 2 }

Tawny-ochre : antennje brown ; eyes black ; thorax with its sides dusky ;
anterior wings pale ochre, immaculate ; nervures yellowish-ochreous, faintly
edged with a darker tint, the base of some brownish; posterior wings very
transparent, pale whitish-yellow, with pale ochreous nervures; abdomen
pale tawny, with the margins of the segments and its apex blackish ; legs
tawny, with black spines.

Taken in July, in Devonshire.

Sp. 3. Vibex. Ochraceus, a/is anticis subangustatis pallide h'unnto-ochraceis,
atomis nui7ie?-osis pallidioribus, costd excepta, sparsis. (Long. corp. 7 — 9 lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 14—22 lin.)

N. G. (571.) angustatus. Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3672.— Lim. Vibex. Phil.
Mag. [Curtis) v. iv. j}. 125.

Ochreous: eyes black ; antennae tawny; thorax with its sides brown ; anterior
wings rather narrow and somewhat acute at the tip, of a very pale ochreous-
brown, thickly freckled throughout with numerous paler dots, excepting the
costa, which is immaculate ; nervures pale luteous-ochre ; posterior hyaline,
faintly iridescent, very pale whitish-ochre ; legs pale tawny, with blackish
spines.

Found, in the autumn, in Devonshire, and occasionally in the
vicinity of London ; also in Norfolk and the New Forest.

Sp. 4. latipennis. Pallide ochraceus, oculis n{g7'is, alis anticis sitblatis ochraceo-
brunneis, vix pallide irroratis, nervis fusco submarginatis. (Long, corp, 7 —
8i lin. ; Exp. Alar. 18—20 lin.)

N.G. (571.) confinis. Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3673.— Lim. latipennis. Phil.
Mag. {Curtis) v. iv. p. 125.

Mandjbulata, Vol,. VI., Jan. 31st, 1837. - "

210 MANDinULATA. TRICItOPTERA.

Pale ochreous : eyes black ; antennse pale tawny ; anterior wings rather
broad, pale ochreous-brown, very obscurely, or not at all, freckled with
paler atoms, the nervures pale, and faintly edged with pale fuscous ; posterior
wings immaculate, transparent, pale whitish-ochre, with the apex and
nervures darker ; abdomen and legs pale tawny, the spines on the latter
black.

Taken near Hertford, in September ; also at Ripley, in the New
Forest, Sec.

Sp. 5. hieroglyphicus. Ochraceo-Jlaviis, oculis nigro-brunneis, alls anticis, costa

exceptd, hrunnescenfilnis, atomis pallidioribus confertivi irroratis. (Long. corp.

8—10 lin.; Exp. Alar. 17—25 lin.)
N. G. (571.) flavus. Steph. Caial. 321. No. 3674 — Lim. hieroglyphicus.

Phil. Mag: (Curtis) v. iv. p. 125.
Ochreous-yellow : eyes brown-black ; antennse tawny ; anterior wings with a

pale brown tint, excepting the costa, which, with numerous minute atoms

throughout the rest of the wing, is of a paler tint; legs pale tawny, with

blackish spines.

Found in the vicinity of Ripley and Albury, in August and Sep-
tember, and in other places within the metropolitan district.

Sp. 6. lateralis. Fulvo-ochraceus, oculis nigris, thoracis lateribus fuscescentibus,
alis anticis pallide ochraceis, concinne irroratis, nervis subfulvis. (Long. corp.
8 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 17—20 lin.)

N. G. (571.) lateralis. Steph. Catal. 321. Xo. 3675.— Ph. striata. Pictet,
p. 132. pi. vlf. 1 ?

Pale tawny-ochre : eyes black ; antennae tawny ; thorax pale tawny, with its
sides blackish or brown ; anterior wings broad, fuscescent, with somewhat
tawny nervures, the disc, especially towards the inner margin, very thickly
and prettily freckled throughout with minute palish spots ; posterior wings
ample, iridescent, whitish, with the tips and nervures rather darker ; legs
pale fulvous, with blackish spines.
Taken, occasionally, within the metropolitan district, in August,

and likewise in Devonshire.

Sp. 7. stellatus. Ochraceus, alis anticis fuscescentibus lineis maculisque pallidis.
(Long. corp. Sl^—Q lin.; Exp. Alar. 16—18 lin.)

N. G. (571.) obscurus. Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3676 .?— Lim. stellatus. Phil-
Mag. (Curtis) V. iv. p. 125.

Ochreous: "superior (anterior) wings very pubescent fuscous-ochre, with
pale lines at the base and centre of the discoidal nervures, two or three small
spots at the base, a bilobed one near the centre, two dots by the transverse

PHRYGANIUE. LIMNKIHILUS. 211

nervures, and a curved series of pale streaks beyond them ; inferior (posterior)
wings fuscous-ochreous, very pale at the base." — Curtis, I. c.

Found rarely near London ; also in the Isle of Wight, Devon-
shire, and Dorsetshire.

Gekus XXXI.— LIMNEPHILUS, Leach.

AntenncE slender, setaceous, somewhat approximating and slightly pubescent,
especially in the males, shorter than the wings : palpi pubescent ; maxillary
5-jointed, pilose at the base, the 4th joint shorter than the 5th, which is
slightly elongated and a little attenuated ; labial 3-articulate, with the two
basal joints pilose : /leat/ small, transverse : ej/e^ prominent, globose : thorax
small, subovate-convex : wings deflexed during repose ; anterior long and
narrow, the costa not dilated towards the apex, the hinder margin obliquely
truncate, and sometimes deeply excised ; posterior ample, thin, and much
folded when at rest : abdomen slightly compressed in the males, stouter and
rather longer in the females : legs moderate: coxce long and setose: femora
slender, unarmed; tibise and tarsi armed with short spines, the former with a
small pair of spurs at the apex, and the hinder pair with two others below
the middle. Larva with the head and three anterior segments horny, 4th
segment with two or three tubercles, the terminal one with two claws ; legs
long : inhabits a case composed of sand, pebbles, pieces of wood, bones, &c.
in which the pupa is also formed.

Known from the allied genera by having the hinder margin of the
anterior wings more or less truncate, and in some instances deeply
emarginate : the wings are in general narrower than in the other
Phryganidae, and the nervures somewhat indistinct : there is great
similarity among the species, which, however, form several very
distinct groups, and the last species offers many points of distinction :
the species of the 1st section may probably form a distinct genus, as
indicated in the 2nd edition of my Nomenclature.

A. Anterior wings with the hinder margin cut out :— Glyphot^mus mihi.
Sp. 1. pellucidula. Ochraceus, alls anticis emarginatis pallidis fusco irroratis,
maculis duabus hyalinis, posticis hyalinis apice ochraceo, in maribus fusco
nebuloso. (Long. corp. 6—8 lin.; Exp. Alar. 15—18 lin.)

Phr. pellucidula. Olivier^ E. M. 541. 12.— Lim. pictus. Steph. Catal. 323.

No. 3732 <^.— Lim. angulatus. Steph. Catal. 325. No. 3728 9 Lim,

basalis. Phil. Mag. (Curtis) v. iv. p. 122 (J .—Lim. emarginatus. Phil. Mag.
(Curtis) V. iv. p. 122 5 .

Dusky, or brownish-ochre, clothed with similarly-coloured hair; antennae and
palpi paler or fulvescent; eyes fuscous; abdomen dusky-green (yellowish-
ochre in the dried state) ; anterior wings of the male thickly and minutely

2u2

212 MANDIBULATA. TiaCPrOlTERA.

freckled with brown, having a conspicuous clear oblique transparent spot in
the middle of the disc, a second irregular one between that and the apex,
frequently united to the former ; the hinder margin also pale, with three
distinct brown spots towards the apex, and a patch of the same hue on the
anal angle ; some of the inner nervures are deeply freckled with blackish-
brown, and the stigma is usually deep fuscous ; posterior wings very trans-
parent and iridescent, with the apex ochreous, varied with brown : — female
with the anterior wings of a more uniform tint, faintly freckled with pale
brown, having a narrow oblique spot on the disc, and a second, generally
remote, and somewhat indistinct and irregular towards the apex, the hinder
margin with the anal angle and three spots towards the costa brown; stigma
pitchy-brown ; posterior wings transparent, with a pale uniform brownish
spot on the apex ; legs in both sexes pale tawny, with black spines.

Lim. ornatus. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3731, var. S.

Rather larger, with the anterior wings paler, less deeply freckled with fuscous,
but having a very distinct lunate transparent discoidal spot ; stigma pale
fuscous ; a triangular blotch of a pitchy hue at the base of the inner margin ;
the costa prettily freckled with brown; posterior wings with the apex
ochreous, faintly varied with brown.

Lim. diaphanus. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3730, var. $.

Less than the former ; the anterior wings pale ochreous, very faintly freckled
with a deeper tint, leaving only a broad oblique transparent blotch on the
disc ; the stigma and three spots on the hinder margin faintly pitchy ;
posterior wings with the apex unvaried pale ochreous-brown.

Lim. cognatus. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3729, var. ?.

With the anterior wings pale ochreous, faintly mottled with a darker tint, leaving
a very narrow oblique transparent line on the disc, and a faint one towards
the hinder margin, which last has three rather indistinct pitchy spots
towards the apex, and a tinge of the same hue on the hinder angle ; stigma
pale pitchy-brown.

An extremely variable species : in some examples the stigma on the anterior
wings is wholly wanting, in others it is very distinct, and in some partly
obliterated; the tranverse nervures are occasionally edged with deep
fuscous.

The larva (according to Pictet) is large, has the head and two first segments
dull uniform brown, divided with black streaks, the following segment pale,
-with some blackish spots ; the abdomen pale greenish ; legs brown.

This variable species is far from uncommon, throughout the metro-
politan district, during the early summer months : it also occurs in
the New Forest, Devonshire, Norfolk, Su^lllk, near Dover, in Scot-
land, &c.

rHUYGATSIID.E. — LIWNEPHILUS. 213

B. Anterior ivings with the hinder margin entire, truncated obliquely,

Sp. 2. Lineola. Pallide ochraceus, alls anticis paUidis fusco iri-or'atis, posticis
imriiacidatis lineolu apicis fused. (Long. corp. 6 — 9 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 14 — 22
lin.)

Phr. Lineola. Fillers Ent. iii. 41 . — Lim. Striola. Leach. — Steph. Catal. 322.
No. 3685.— Lim. Strigosa. Phil. Mag. {Curtis) v. iv. j)- 1^2.

Pale ochreous : eyes and sides of the thorax fuscescent; antennas pale fulvous;
anterior wings more or less freclcled with minute brown dots, but in some
instances wholly immaculate; these dots 31*6 occasionally united, and form
a distinct line on the hinder margin ; posterior wings very transparent and
delicate, the nervures and apex slightly tinged with ochreous-brown, with a
more or less distinct longitudinal streak of a darker hue on the latter ;
abdomen pale greenish, fuscescent above ; legs pale tawny, with pale
spines.

Not uncommon, during the summer, in the vicinity of London ;
found also in Devonshire, in the New Forest, and near Carlisle ; also
in Scotland in July.

Sp. 3. flavicornis. Ochracens, abdomine virescente, alis anticis hyalinis griseo
variegutis, nervis inurginequc interiore fuscopunctatis, antennis pedibusque
Jlavescentibus. |; (Long. corp. 5 — 6 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 14 — 16 lin.)

Phr. flavicornis. Fahricius.—Pictet, p. 1j1. pi. ix. /. 2. — Lim. flavicornis.

Stepli. Catal. 322. No. 3689.

Ochreous: thorax brown above; abdomen pale green beneath, the back and
sides griseous ; anterior wings very transparent, slightly variegated with
griseous towards the apex ; the nervures ochreous, sparingly freckled with
brown towards the inner edge of the wings, which is also slightly spotted
with the same : legs pale tawny, with black spines.

Larva with the head and three anterior segments deep brown, with various
black streaks and marks, the following segment pale brown ; abdomen pale
greenish ; legs very long, brown, and spotted with black.

Not uncommon in various parts of the country during the svimmer :
found also in Scotland.

Sp. 4. dorsalis. Virescente-ochraceus, alis pallidis anticis hyalinis margine
interiore brunneo irroratis, antennis JlavescentibuSy brunneo annnlatis. (Long,
corp. 5 — 6i lin.; Exp. Alar. 14—16 lin.)

Lim. dorsalis. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3687.

Greenish-ochreous : abdomen brighter; wings pale; anterior hyaline, with
the inner margin very thickly, but irregularly, freckled with brown, with a
more transparent blotch beyond the middle, and a less distinct one covering
the transverse nervures; posterior wings very transparent and immaculate.

214 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOrXEKA.

legs flavescent, with black spines ; antennae fulvescent, annulated with
pale brown.

Also found throughout the metropolitan district, and in other parts
of the country, during the summer.

Sp. 5. discoiclalis. Sordide ochraceus, alts anticis fuscescentihus basi pallidioribus,
macula, discoidali et altera postice. semihyalinis, posticis apice fusco. (Long,
corp. 7 lin.; Exp. Alar. 15 lin.)

Lim. paUescens. Steph. Nonien. 2d edit. col. 121. — Lim. discoidalis. Phil.
Mag. {Curtis) v. iv.p. 123.

Dusky-ochreous : ^' superior (anterior) wings pale brown, with the costa (as
far as the stigma), a large spot below the disc connected with a large one
covering the transverse nervures, and numerous dots, semitransparent; apical
margin of inferior (posterior) wings fuscous." — Curtis, I. c.

Found, occasionally, within the metropolitan district, in July.

Sp. 6. rhombicus. Ochraceus, alis anticis griseo-Jlavescentibus macula magna
rhomhoidali pallida utrinque hrunneo marginata. (Long. corp. 6 — 8 lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 12—16 lin.)

Phr. rhombica. LinuL — Donovan, v. vii. pi. 220. — Lim. rhombicus. Stejjh.
Catal. 322. No. 3692.

Bright ochreous : eyes fuscescent ; anterior wings bright yellowish-griseous,
palest at the base; on the disc, beyond the middle, is a large oblique pale
or whitish spot, and an indistinct one towards the apex ; the fuscous spot is
bordered anteriorly and posteriorly with brown ; the inner and apical portion
of the wing is of a deeper hue than the rest, and immaculate ; the posterior
wings are very transparent, whitish, with pale ochreous nervures; legs
tawny, with black spines.

Not a very abundant, but a very handsome species ; taken, how-
ever, in various parts of the country, in the middle of summer : found
also in Scotland.

Sp. 7. marmoratus. Ochraceus, alis pallidioribus, anticis fusco nehulosis, maculis
duabus subhyalinis, nervis transversalibus fuscis. (Long. corp. 6 — 7 lin,;
Exp. Alar. 12—15 lin.)

Lim. nebulosus. Steph. Catal. 322. A^o. 3690.— Lim. marmoratus. Phil.
Mag. (Curtis) v. iv. p. 123.

Dull ochreous : eyes fuscescent ; sides of the thorax brownish ; anterior wings
pale ochreous, prettily variegated, or clouded, with brown, except an oblique
transverse spot, about the middle of the disc, and an irregular blotch
covering the transverse nervures, which, with some dots l)eyond them, are
brown; stigma fuscescent; posterior wings very transparent and iridescent.

PHRYGANID.E. LlMNErHILUS. 215

immaculate, the apex very slightly tinted with ochreous ; abdomen ochreous,
greenish beneath during life ; legs tawny, with black spines.
Some examples are of a browner tint than others, and they vary a little in
markings.

Not vmcommon, within the metropolitan district, in July and
August ; taken also in Devonshire, and in other parts of the country.

Sp. 8. binotatus. Sordidi ochraceus, alts anticis Jlavescentibus, mnculis tribiis
pallcicentihus, stigmate piceo. (Long. corp. 6 lin,; Exp. Alar. 14 lin.)

Lim. glaucopterus Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3691. — Lim. binotatus. Phil. Mag.
(Curtis) V. iv. p. 125.

Dull ochreous : anterior wings yellowish-ochreous, deepest at the base, with
three small pale transparent spots on the disc^ and a larger one towards the
apex, covering the transverse nervures ; near the hinder angle is a large
brown spot ; stigma large, dull pitchy-brown ; posterior wings hyaline,
faintly tinted with ochreous at the tip ; abdomen greenish-ochreous, green
beneath during life J legs pale tawny, with blackish spines.

Found, but not very commonly, within the metropolitan district.

Sp. 9. elegans. Fusco-ochraceus, alis anticis palUdefuscescentlbus, vittis aliquot
alhidis subradiatim dispositis. (Long. corp. 6 — 7 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 14 — 16
lin.)

Lim. albovittatus. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 121. — Lim. elegans. Phil.
Mag. (Cu7-tis) V. vf.p. 123. — Curtis, v. xi. pi. 488.

" Palpi and antennae ferruginous : head and thorax somewhat castaneous, the
crown of the former and the back of the latter lead colour ; abdomen
ochreous, the back fuscous, with whitish margins to the segments ; wings
shining, superior (anterior) pale brown, the nervures darker, with the third
cell (areolet), a stripe on the disc, the 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 5th posterior cells,
and a spot at the base of the 3rd and 6th, whitish^ the superior discoidal cell
very long." — Curtis, I. c.

My specimens of this beautiful species were taken by Mr. Weaver
in the New Forest, where it has also been taken in June by Mr. Dale,
as stated by Curtis, as above quoted.

Sp. 10. nebulosus. Ochraceus, alis anticis Jlavescente-ochracc is, fusco variegatis,
macula discoidali rhombea utrinque Jusco marginata, lunulaque apicis pallidis.
(Long. corp. 3^ — 5 lin.; Exp. Alar. 13 — 14§ lin.)

Lim. affinis. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3693. — Lim. nebulosus. Phil. Mag.
(Cu7-tis) V. iv. p. 123. — Lim. apicalis. Phil. Mag. {Curtis) v. iv. p. 123, var.
Phr. lunaris. Pictet, p. 132. pi. ix./. 3.

Ochreous : thorax griseous above ; head and antennae pale ochreous, the
former fuscescent on the crown ; anterior wings yellowish-ochre, darker at

216

MANDIBUI^ATA, TIlICHOrTEUA.

the apex, which is variegated with deep brown; on the disc is a large oblique
subrhomboid transparent spot, as in L. rhombicus, bordered anteriorly and
posteriorly with deep brown ; beyond this is an irregular blotch of the same,
covering the transverse nervures, which last are pitchy-ochreous, the others
of a paler hue ; on the hinder margin is a pale suboval spot, edged within
with a deep border of brown clouds, and forming a lunate mark ; stigma
deep ochreous, sometimes pitchy, and occasionally wanting; posterior wings
very transparent, faintly tinted with ochreous at the apex ; legs pale tawny,
with black spines.

A very variable species: in some instances the anterior wings are almost
immaculate; in others very much clouded with fuscous.

Larva with the head and thorax very pale ochreous, the former and two
following segments with minute black dots; abdomen whitish ; legs ochreous,
with black dots : the case in which it resides is composed of vegetable ma-
terials, which are always disposed longitudinally, and vary considerably in
different individuals.

An extremely abundant and greatly diffused species, occurring,
during the autumn, in profusion in marshy places throughout the
metropolitan district ; found also in Wales, the north of England,
and Scotland.

Sp. 11. lunatus. Ochraceus, alls anticis fuscis, costa macula centrali alteraque
sublunata postice subhyalinis, siigmate viagno, piceo. (Long. corp. 5 lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 14ilin.)

Lim. stigma. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3701. — Lim. lunatus. Phil. Mag.
{Curtis) V. iv. j?. 123.

Head and thorax above ochreous : " superior (anterior) wings brown, the costa,
a spot on the disc, and a large sublunate spot beyond it semihyaline; there
are four pale rays between this and the posterior margin, which is spotted
brown and whitish ; stigma large and piceous." — Curtis, I. c.

Found, occasionally, within the metropolitan district, in June.
" Whittlesea Mere, July." — Curtis., I. c.

Sp. 12. stigma. Ochracea, alls anticis satui-atioribus, basi costaque pallidis, disco
immaculato, stigmate roiundato, piceo. (Long. corp. 5 — 6 lin.; Exp. Alar.
14—15 lin.)

Lim. bimaculatus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3686. — Lim. stigma. Phil. Mag,
{Curtis) V. iv.p. 123.

Ochreous, with a reddish tint : antennae pale tawny-ochreous, annulated with
pale fuscous; eyes fuscescent; anterior wings very pale yellowish-ochre,
darkei on the inner (or dorsal) edge and hinder margin, the disc immaculate,
stigma very distinct, rounded and deep pitchy; nervures pale ochreous;
posterior wings transparent, faintly tinted with yellowish, the apex and

PHRYGANID.E, LIMXEPHII.LS. 217

nervures darker; abdomen ochreous, greenish beneath during life; legs pale
tawny-ochrcous, faintly annulated with brownish, spines black.

Taken near London, in June, and in the New Forest.

Sp. 13. griseus. Fusco-griseus, alls anticis hrunnescentibus Jlavidn irroratis
maculaqne alhidd, stigmate nigra fusco, (Long. corp. 5 — 62 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
12— 15§lin.)

Phr. grisea. LinnL — Lim. griseus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3688.

Head and thorax griseous-brown above, ochreous beneath ; mduth tawnjr ;
antennne brown, annulated with griseous ; anterior wings fuscous, minutely
freckled with pale yellowish, with some of the nervures, especially on the
hinder margin, dotted with deep brown; towards the middle of the disc is
an indistinct whitish blotch ; the transverse nervures are blackish-brown,
and terminated in a large ovate stigma of a similar hue ; posterior wings
transparent, with the nervures and apex brownish; legs ochreous, with
black spines.

Not very abundant, at least within the metropolitan district, where
it occurs in July ; found also in the New Forest and in Scotland.

Sp. 14. costalis. Ochraceus, alis anticis fusccscentibuS nehulis saturatiorihus,
nervis transversis fuscis, alter is plerisque fusco irroratis, stigmate jjcrfusco.
(Long. corp. 6 lin.; Exp. Alar. 13 lin.)

Lim. costalis. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3699.

Ochreous: head and thorax above ashy; antennae pitchy, with paler rings ;
wings pale fuscesceiit ochre, anterior obscurely freckled with darker clouds,
most of the nervures, especially those towards the inner margin, dotted with
brown, and the transverse ones wholly of that colour ; stigma conspicuous
and deep brown ; posterior winj^s hyaline and highly iridescent ; al)domen
fuscescent above, OchreouS beneath; legs dull ochreous, with black spines.

Taken near London, and at Whittlesea Mere, in June and July.

Sp. 15. affiiiis. Pallide ochraceus^ alis pallidioribus, immacvlatis, nervis piceo
irroratis, stigmate piceo. (Long. corp. 5§ — 6 lin.; Exp. Alar. 13 — 14 lin.)

Lim. punctulatus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3700.— Lim. affinis. Phil. Mag.
{Curtis) V. iv. p. 123.

Pale ochraceous : antennse fulvescent, annulated with brown ; abdomen
brownish above, with the margins of the segments pale ; anterior wings
pale fuscous, freckled irregularly with ochreous ; nervures, especially the
transverse ones, more or less dotted with pitchy-brown ; stigma pitchy ;
posterior wings transparent and highly iridescent, faintly tinted with
ochreous at the apex ; legs pale fulvescent, with the extreme tips of the
tarsal joints and the spines black.

Also found, but not very abundantly, within the metropolitan
Mandibulata, Vol. VL, Jan. 31st, 1837- 2 e

218 MANDIBULATA. TllICHOPTERA.

district, in June and July, and in the New Forest, in Kent, Suifolk,
and Scotland.

Sp. 16. marginalis. Supra fuscus subtus ochraceus, alis anticis fuscescentibus,
lunula media, maculaque tripartita postice byalinis, stigmate piceo. (Long,
corp. 3§ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 12 lin.)

Lira, marginalis. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3698.

Ochreous beneath, fuscous above, the margins of the abdominal segments
pale ; anterior wings pale fuscous, irregularly freckled with ochreous, with
a lunate pale hyaline spot, placed obliquely, beyond the middle, and an
ovate spot of similar hue beyond the transverse nervures occupying the base
of three of the marginal areolets ; stigma pitchy, darkest towards the
disc; posterior wings very transparent, iridescent and immaculate; legs
pale tawny, with the spines and tips of the tarsal joints blackish.

Also found, but not very abundantly, in the vicinity of the metro-
polis, in June.

Sp. 17. fenestralis. Ochraceus, supra fuscus, alis anticis albidia, basi excepto
irregulariter fusco irroratis et maculatis, lineola discoidali maculisque postice
subhyalinis, stigmate piceo. (Long. corp. 5 — 6| lin.; Exp. Alar. 10 — 15 lin.).

Lim. versicolor. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3694.— Lim. fenestralis. Phil. Mag.
{Curtis) V. iv. p. 123.

Head and thorax fuscous above, ochreous beneath ; abdomen above fuscous,
beneath ochreous, with a broad fuscous streak on both sides ; anterior
wings whitish, minutely and irregularly freckled and dusted with pitchy-
brown, except at the base of the costa, with a clear oblique spot on the
disc, another irregular one behind the transverse nervures, mostly united to
a smaller one on the hinder margin near the anal angle; towards the base
there is frequently also a triangular spot of similar hue towards the base of
the inner margin; stigma pitchy-brown, or blackish, with pale dots;
posterior wings very transparent, pale, and faintly tinted with fuscous at the
apex ; legs pale tawny, with black spines.

The markings on the anterior wings vary a little in extent, and are sometimes
bordered with deep pilchy-brown, with which colour the extreme inner
margin is frequently dotted.

Found in the vicinity of the metropolis, occasionally, in June and
July ; also in the New Forest.

Sp. 18. bipunctatus. Fuscus, infra, ochraceus, alis anticis albido-fuscis, pallide
irroratis, lunula media maculaque bisinuatd postice hyalinis plerisque brunneo
marginalis, nervis longitudinalibus albo punctatis, stigmate piceo. (Long,
corp. 6—7 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 10— 13§ lin.)

Lim. tesseliatus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3695. — Lim. bipunctatus. Fhil. Mag.
(^Curtis) V. iv. p. 123.

PHRYGANID.E. — LIMNEPHILUS. 219

Above fuscous, beneath ochreous : abdomen with a broad fuscous streak ;
anterior wings pale whitish-brown, darkest towards the apex, thickly-
freckled with whitish, except on the costa, and a lunate spot on the disc,
another behind the transverse nervures resembling a reversed S, and nearly
united to a small one on the hinder margin ; these spots are very frequently
broadly edged with deep fuscous-brown ; the longitudinal nervures on the
inner margin are generally pitchy, dotted irregularly with white ; stigma
also pitchy, with a few pale dots ; posterior wings very transparent,
iridescent and immaculate ; legs tawny, spines and tips of tarsal joints
black.

Not uncommon, within the metropolitan district, in June and
July ; also found in the New Forest, near Cambridge, in Scotland,
Devonshire, &c.

Sp. 19. signatus. Ochraceus, supra fuscus, alls anticis ochraceo-albidis, macula
media utrinque fusco m,arginata alba, stigmate pallide brunneo. (Long. corp.
6 lin.; Exp. Alar. 12 lin.)

Lim. signatus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3696.

Ochreous : head, thorax, and abdomen above fuscous, the sides of the latter
with a fuscous streak ; antennae pale reddish-brown, with darker rings ;
anterior wings very pale ochreous-white, minutely, but very sparingly,
freckled with brown towards the apex, especially on the anal angle ; on the
disc is a small white oblique spot, edged anteriorly and posteriorly with
deep fuscous ; the stigma is pale brown ; posterior wings ample, hyaline,
pale and immaculate ; legs tawny, anterior tibiae faintly aunulated with
fuscous, the others armed with black spines.

Taken, in the vicinity of London, in August.

Sp. 20. obliquus. Fuscus, infra ochraceus, alis anticis Jlavescente-ochraceis,
macula prosobliqud pallida, stigmate piceo, (Long. corp. 5 lin.; Exp. Alar.
10 lin.)

Lim. obliquus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3697.

Above fuscous, beneath ochreous: palpi pale; antennae fuscous, with faint
pale rings ; anterior wings pale yellowish-ochre, obscurely freckled with a
paler hue, with a narrow larger and paler spot, placed very obliquely, about
the middle of the disc ; transverse nervures and stigma pitchy ; posterior
wings pale and hyaline ; legs pale tawny, with black spines.

Found, but rarely, near London, in July.

Sp. 21. luniger. Ochraceo-fuscus, alis anticis fuscescentibus, lunula media
maculaque postice subhyalinis, stigmate brunneo. (Long. corp. 5j lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 11 lin.)

Lim. lunatus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3702.

2e2

223 MANDIBULATA. TKICHOPTEIIA.

Ochreous-bMwn, paler beneath : abdomen with the margins of its segments
pale ; anterior wings brownish, obscurely freckled with darker tints, with
a somewhat crescent-shaped transparent spot in the middle towards the
inner margin, an ovate spot beyond the transverse nervures, which are
dusky, also transparent, the stigma dull pitchy-brown ; posterior wings
slightly fuscescent, transparent and very iridescent; legs dull ochreous,
with blackish spines.

Also somewhat uncommon : found in the neighbourhood of London
in July.

Sp. 22. Auricula. Ochraceus, alls anlicis lucidis, saturate ochraceis, inacula
media, alter. } que auriculwjlirnii po.stice hyalinig, stigmate obscure J'uscQ^
(Long. Corp. 4—5 lin. ; Exp. Alar. lO — 11 lin.)

Lim. fenestralis. Steph. Ccital. 322. No. 3703. — Lim. Auricula. Phil. Mag.
(^Curtis) V. iv.p. 124.

Ochreous: head, thorax, and abdomen above fuscescent, the margins of the
segments of the latter and the under surface greenish-ochre during life ;
antennffi faintly annulated with brownish; anterior wings shining and
pubescent, deep ochre, with a transparent spot on the disc, varying in
magnitude, and sometimes nearly obliterated, and a larger irregular, some-
what earshaped one over the transverse nervures, which are pale; stigma
obscure fuscous-ochre ; posterior wings whitish-hyaline, pale brown at the
tip; legs pale tawny-ochreous, spines fuscescent.

The inner margin of the anterior wings is occasionally fuscescent.

Not uncommon, in June and July, within the metropolitan dis-
tiict ; taken also near Carlisle, in Devonshire, the New Forest,
Suffolk, Scotland, &c.

Sp. 23. geminus. Fuscus, alis anticis lucidis, fuscesccnte-ochracets, macula
geminata media hyalind, stigmate ochraceo. (Long. corp. 3^ — 5 lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 9—11 lin.)

Lim. geminus. Steph. Catal. 322. A^o. 3704.

Fuscous: beneath ochreous ; edges of the abdominal segments pale ; anterior
wings rather narrow, shining and deep dusky-ochreous, with a double
hyaline spot in the middle, in other respects immaculate ; posterior wings
dusky-hyaline, very iridescent, with their apex fuscescent; legs pale tawny,
with blackish spines.

Found, in the vicinity of London, at Hertford, Ripley, &c. in
June ; also taken in the New Forest.

Sp. 24. obscurus, Ochraceus, alis anticis^'angustis fusco-ochjaceis, macula
centrali seriisque duabus punctorum posticis hyalinis, stigmate fusco-ochraceo
(Long. Corp. 4—5 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 10—12 lin.)

J'HIIYGANID.E. LIJMNEI'HILUS. 221

Lim. assimilis. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3705. — Lim. obscurus. Phil. Mag.
(^Curtis) V. iv. p. 124.

Ochreous, fuscous above : abdomen with the edges of its segments pale ;
antennte brown ; anterior wings narrow, dusky-ochre, with a pale hyaline
dot on the disc, and two irregular rows of pale dots towards the hinder
margin, one anterior to, and the other behind, the transverse nervures ; the
extreme hinder marghi and the stigma dark fuscous ochre ; posterior wings
dusky hyaline, with the apex fuscescent; legs pale dirty ochre, with dusky
spines.

Taken, occasioncall}', near London, in June; also in the New
Forest, and in Devonshire.

Sp. 25, fuscus. Ochraceo-j'uscus, alia anticis Juscis, utomis macuUsquc quatuor
pallidis, stigmate fasco-piceo immaculato, tibiis anticis Jusco aiiaulatis. (Long.
corp. 34 — 4. lin.; Exp. Alar. 10—11 lin.)

Lim. fuscus. Sieph. Catal. 322. No. 3706.

Ochreous-brown, darkest above : antennsE pitchy-brown ; anterior wings deep
fuscous, freckled, especially on the apical and hinder margins, with whitish,
with a blotch of the same towards the base of the costa, another on the
costa before the stigma, a third on the inner margin, opposite to the
second, and a fourth covering the transverse nervures ; the inner or dorsal
nervures are thick, deep fuscous, with remote whitish dots, the others
slender and pale ; stigma pitchy-brown, immaculate ; legs pale ochreous,
with black spines ; anterior tibiae and tarsi annulated with fuscous.

Also taken, near London, in June and July.

Sp. 26. coenosus.'' Ochraceo-j'uscus, alis brevibusjuscis paUide ochraceis obsolete
irroratis, stigmate obscuro, utrinque pallide marginato. (Long. corp. 4 lin.;
Exp. Alar. 10—11 lin.)

Lim. caliginosus. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 122. — Lim. ccenosus. Phil.
Mag. {Cut^fis) V. iv.p. 123.?

Deep ochreous-brown : antennae faintly annulated with a paler hue ; abdomen
dusky; anterior wings broad, short and glossy, deep fuscous, obsoletely
freckled with pale ochreous, with an obscure darker stigma, bordered
anteriorly and posteriorly with whitish; on the inner margin towards the
hinder angle is an obscure palish spot, and the inner nervures are slightly
dotted with whitish ; posterior wings very transparent pale fuscous, with
the apex darker ; legs fuscescent, with darker spines.

Taken at Whittlesea Mere, in July, and also in Scotland ?

Sp. 27. punctatissimus. Ochraceo-fuscus, alls anticis angustis pallide fuscis,
perlepide vageque albido irroratis, antennis brimneis, ochraceo tenuiter aiinu-
latis. (Long. corp. 4| lin. ; Exp. Alar. 12 lin.)

Lim. punctatissimus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3707.

222 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOl'TERA.

Ochreous-brown : antennae brown, with slender ochreous rings ; anterior
wings narrow, pale fuscous, thickly, irregularly, and prettily freckled
throughout with whitish dots and blotches ; stigma indistinct, immaculate ;
posterior wings delicate, hyaline, iridescent, pale fuscous, with the tips
darker ; abdomen with the edges of the segments pale ; legs pale ochreous-
brown, with dusky spines.

Found, near Hertford, in June and July.

Sp. 28. Vinculum. Ochraceo-fuscus, alts anticisfuscis, maculis quatuor pallidis,
stigmatefusco, pallide ir?-orato. (Long. corp. 31 Hn. ; Exp. Alar. 9| — 10 lin.)

Lim. 4-maculatus. Steph. Caial. 322. JVo. 37 08. — Lim. Vinculum. Phil. Mag.
(Curtis) V. iv.p. 124.

Ochreous-brown : " superior (anterior) wings deep fuscous, the stigma a little
darker, with numerous pale dots, and a larger one before the stigma, two
opposite on the inferior (inner) margin and another upon the transverse
nervures ; apex of inferior (posterior) wings fuscous." — Curtis, I. c.

Taken near London, and in the New Forest, in July and August.

Sp. 29. tenebricus. Fuscus, alis anticis saturate fuscis plus minus ochraceo
irr oralis maculisque duabus pallidis, stigmate piceo. (Long. corp. 4 — 5^ lin. ;
Exp. Alar. 12— 14 lin.)

Lim. confluens. Steph. Catal. 322. JVo. 3709. — Lim. tenebricus. Phil. Mag.
{Curtis) V. iv. p. 123.

Fuscous : thorax with a pale streak on each side ; abdomen with the edges of
the segments pale; anterior wings very dark fuscous, more or less freckled
and dotted with ochreous, especially at the base of the costa and on the
extreme hinder margin, inner margin very dark, in some examples almost
black at the base, with a pale ochreous spot towards the apex, opposite to
the stigma, which is fuscous and immaculate, and edged anteriorly with
ochreous ; posterior wings fuscescent, with the tip darker : antennae pitchy-
brown, with ochreous annulations; legs ochreous, with blackish spines.

Not uncommon, in the neighbourhood of London, during the
summer ; also found in the New Forest, Devonshire, the north of
England, &c.

Sp. 30. fuscatus. Ochraceo-fuscus, alis anticis pallide fuscis, marginihus inte-
rioribus et posticis saturatioribus, stigmate fusco-piceo, pallide irrorato.
(Long. corp. 4i lin. ; Exp. Alar. 12 lin.)

Lim. fuscatus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3710.

Ochreous-brown : antennae faintly annulated with ochreous ; anterior wings
pale fuscous, with the inner and posterior margins darker, the stigma
pitchy-brown, with a few pale dots, the wings immaculate, except an
indistinct palish spot on the inner margin towards the hinder angle; poste-

FHRYGANID.'E. LIMNEPHILUS. 223

rior wings ample, transparent, slightly iridescent, pale fuscous, with the
apex darker ; legs dull ochreous, with fuscous spines.

Found, occasionally, at Hertford, in June.

Sp. 31. sparsus. Fuscus, infra ochraceus, alls anticis Jusco-ochraceis , atomis
pallidioribus, maculdque postice ochracea, pedibus ochraceis, tihiis anticis fusco
annulatis. (Long. corp. 4 — 5§ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 11 — 13 lin.)

Lim. nubilus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3711. — Lim. sparsus. Phil. Mag.
{Curtis) V. iv. p. 123.

Fuscous, ochreous beneath : antennae brown, rather broadly annulated with
ochreous ; anterior wings silky, pale brown, thickly freckled with ochreous,
with a larger spot of the same hue towards the apex of the inner margin ;
posterior wings fuscescent, slightly iridescent, with the apex brown ; legs
pale ochreous, anterior tibiae annulated with fuscous.

A common species, frequenting the marshy districts in the vicinity
of London ; taken at Battersea, Coombe wood, Ripley, Hertford,
&c. ; the New Forest, Devonshire, Dorset, Wilts, Suffolk, &c. and
the north of England.

Sp. 32. irroratus. Ochraceus, antennis hrunneo annulatis, alis anticis pallide
ochraceis, atomis numerosissimis pallidioribus, abdominis dorso fusco, pedibus
ochraceis spinisfuscis. (Long. corp. 4^ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 11 lin.)

Lira, irroratus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3712.

Ochreous: antennae faintly annulated with brown; anterior wings pale
yellowish-ochre, freckled throughout with very numerous paler dots, stigma
obsolete; posterior wings iridescent, yellowish, with the apex dusky;
abdomen fuscous above ; legs pale ochreous, with fuscous spines.

Apparently rare : taken, near London, in June.

Sp. 33. flavescens. Ochraceus, alls anticis pallide Jlavescente-ochraceis, imma-
culatis, posticis pallididissimi flavescentibus. (Long. corp. 6 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
14 lin.)

Lim. flavescens. Steph. Catal. 322. JVo. 3713.

Pale ochraceous: antennae faintly annulated with whitish; anterior wings
wholly of a plain yellowish-ochre, very clear and entirely immaculate ;
nervures pale ochreous ; posterior wings very pale yellowish, with the apex
darker ; legs pale ochreous, with dusky spines.

Also taken, near London, in June, at Ripley, but apparently not
common.

Sp. 34. ochraceus. Supra fuscus, infra ochraceus, alis anticis pallide fusco-
Jlavidis, flavo irroratis, stigmato obscuro, (Long. corp. 4 — 4^ lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 101—11 lin.)

224 MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOFTERA.

Lim. testaceus. Steph. Catal. 322. No. 3714. — Lim. ochraceus. Phil. Ma^r.
{Curds) V. iv. p. 124.

Ochraceoiis : back of the thorax and of the abdomen fuscous ; eyes blackish ;
anterior wings pale dusky-yellow, obscurely freckled with pale yellow ;
nervures ochreous ; stigma faintly darker ; posterior wings pale, whitish-
hyaline, iridescent, the apex yellowish; legs bright ochreous, with dusky
spines.

Taken, occasionally, near London, in June, and in the New
Forest.

Sp. 35. consobriiius. Supra fuscus, .mbtus ochraceus, alls aniicis ferrugineo-
ochraceis fusco irroratis, angulo postico brunneu ochraceo irrorato. (Long.
Corp. 4 — 5i lin.; Exp. Alar. 10 — ll|lin.)

Lim. subnebulosus. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3715. — Lim. consobrinus. Phil.
Mag. (Curtis) v. iv. p. 124.

Above fuscous, beneath ochreous : anterior wings pale rusty-ochre, the inner
and hinder margins darker and freckled with brown ; anal angle brown,
freckled with yellowish; costa immaculate; stigma obscure; posterior
wings whitish-hyaline, iridescent, obscurely tinted with ochreous at the
apex ; legs ochreous, with blackish spines.

Also found within the metropolitan district, in June, and in the
New Forest.

Sp. 36. notatus. Ochraceus, dorso fusco : alis anticis pallide ferrugineo-Jlavidis
atomis saturate hrunneis longitudinaliter notatis, angulo postico brunnescente
ochraceo irrorato. (Long. corp. 5 lin.; Exp. Alar. 10^ lin.)

Lim. notatus. Steph. Catal. 223. No. 3716.

Ochraceous : back of thorax and of abdomen fuscous; anterior wings pale
rusty-yellowish, with the costa immaculate, the inner and hinder niargijis
darker; the disc with scattered brown atoms disposed in longitudinal lines ;
hinder angle brownish, freckled with ochreous; posterior wings pale yellow-
ish, hyaline, iridescent, with the apex ochreous ; legs ochreous, with black
spines.

Inhabits the vicinity of London, in June.

Sp. 37. substrigosus. Ochraceus, thoracis abdominisque dorso fuscescentibus,
alis anticis pallide ochraceus margine interna apiceque satm^atioribus, strigis
duabus obscuris brunneis. (Long. corp. 5§ lin.; Exp. Alar. 12 lin.)

Lim. substrigosus. Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. col. 122.

Ochreous : thorax and abdomen above somewhat fuscous ; anterior wings pale
ochraceous, the inner and apical portions darker ; towards the inner margin
are two obscure brown streaks, extending nearly from the base to the apex;
stigma concolorous with the costa; posterior wings" whitish-hyaline.

PHRYGANID.E. LIMNEPHILUS. 225

iridescent, with the apex a little ochreous ; legs pale-ochreous, with dusky
spines.

Also found within the metropolitan district, about Hertford, in
June.

Sp. 38. bipartitus. Ochraceus, alts anticis pallidioribus, margine interno et
postico vagi' brunneo irroratis, disco lined longitudinali b7-unnea. (Long. corp.
4^— 3lin.; Exp. Alar. 10—11 lin.)

Lim. interruptus. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3717.— Lim. bipartitus. Phil. Mag.
(^Curtis) V. \v.p. 124.

Ochreous : anterior wings paler, with the costa immaculate, the inner margin
darker, thickly and irregularly freckled with brown, as is a triangular blotch
on the hinder margin ; this space is bounded on the disc with a longitudinal
brown line, partially interrupted towards the apex ; posterior wings whitish,
hyaline, with a yellowish tinge towards the ajiex ; legs ochreous, with dusky
spines.

Not uncommon, in August and September, at Coombe wood, and
in other places within the metropolitan district ; taken also in the
New Forest and near Dover.

Sp. 39. vittatus. Subtestaceus, alts anticis ochraceo Jlavis, vitta longitudinali
interrupta brunned. (Long. corp. 3| lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9 lin.)

Phr. vittatus. Fabricius, E. S., Svpp. 201. — Lim. vittatus. Steph. Catal.323.
No. 3718.

Pale testaceous-ochre : thorax and abdomen rather darker, the latter with a
palish lateral streak ; anterior wings with an interrupted longitudinal brown
line, expanded at the apex, the inner and posterior apical margins of the
wing darker than the costa ; posterior wings yellowish, hyaline, slightly
darkest at the apex ; legs pale ochreous, with black spines.

Apparently scarce : taken, in September, near liOndon.

Sp. 40. nigrivittatus. Ochraceus, antennis pedibitsque pallidioribus, alis anticis
ochraceo-Jlavis, lined abbreviald lonyitudinali media nigra, margine pnstico
brunneo irrorato, stigmate brunneo. (Long. corp. 4§ lin.; Exp. Alar. 11 lin.)

Lim. lineola. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3719.— Phr. elegans. Pictet, p. 137.
pi. x.f. 3.

Ochreous : head with a blackish dash between the antennje, which are pale
ochreous ; abdomen rather dusky above ; anterior wings ochreous-yellow,
shining, and rather narrow, with the nervures light ; on the hinder margin is a
triangular blotch, formed of brown freckles, and on the disc, rather beyond
the middle, is a short longitudinal black streak, placed over the 5th longi-
tudinal nervure; stigma brown; posterior wings transparent, whitish,
faintly tinted with ochreous at the apex ; legs ochreous, with black spines.

Mandibulata, Vol. VI., Jan. 31st, 1837. 2 f

226 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA.

Larva with the head and thorax brown, the following segment with four blaclc
dots ; the abdomen ochreous ; legs brown.

I am compelled to change the name originally proposed in my Catalogue for
this species, as the name lineola is employed by Villers, and that of elegans,
given by Pictet, was previously used to designate a very different insect by
Curtis, who, with ill-judged taste, has confused the nomenclature of the
Trichoptera considerably, by adopting many of the same names as I had
previously employed to very different insects, as may be seen by the syno-
nymes.

Also rare : found within the metropolitan district, in the autumn.

Sp. 41. prseustus. Fvscus, infra ochraceus, alts anticis pallide ochraceis, margine
postico macula apicali stigmategve ustulatis. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar.
6 lin.)

Lim. prsBustus. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3720.

Fuscous, beneath ochreous : antennae brownish ; anterior wings pale ochreous,
with a triangular blotch at the anal angle, an obscure spot on the apex
towards the costa, and the stigma umbre brown; posterior wings whitish,
hyaline, iridescent, with the apex faintly tinted with ochreous ; legs pale
ochreous, with dusky spines.

Found, but rarely, near London, in July.

Sp. 43. flavus? Ochraceus, thoracis dorso abdomineque brunneis, alts anticis
Jlavis vittis duabus indistinctis longitudinalibus brunneis. (Long. corp. 5 lin.;
Exp. Alar. 10—11 lin.)

Phr. flava. Linne, ii. p. 910 ? — Lim. variabilis. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3722.
— Lim. terminalis. Phil. Mag. {Curtis) v. iv. p. 124 .■*

Ochreous : back of the thorax and the abdomen brown ; anterior wings rusty
yellowish-ochre, with the nervures concolorous, the inner margin and a
portion of the hinder one thickly freckled with brown, forming two indistinct
longitudinal streaks, and having an ovate immaculate patch on the hinder
margin ; posterior wings hyaline, pale, immaculate, with the apex faintly
tinged with ochreous ; legs and antennae bright tawny, the former with
black spines.

A very variable species : in some examples the anterior wings are very much
freckled with brown ; in others they are almost immaculate.

Larva with the head and two anterior segments brown, the following ochreous,
with four dusky dots, the abdomen pale ochreous, with long cilia; legs
brown.

Not uncommon, in June, in the neighbourhood of the metropolis,
and apparently very abundant in December : taken likewise in the
New Forest.

PHRYGANIDE. LIMNEPHILUS. 227

Sp. 43. centralis. Ochraceus, alis anticis fuscis, interne ochraceo irroratls,
macula centrali alteraque postice, lunulaque marginali pallidis. (Long. corp.
4— 5lin. ; Exp. Alar. 10—11 lin.)

Lim. apicalis. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3725. — Lim. centralis. Phil. Mag.
{Curtis) V. iv. p. 124.

Ochreous : thorax above and abdomen brown ; anterior wings fuscous,
thickly freckled with ochreous, the costa wholly of the latter colour ; on the
disc is an obscure pale spot, and a smaller and less distinct one on the
transverse nervures, and on the hinder margin is a large somewhat ovate
blotch of the same, extending almost from angle to angle; posterior wings
pale, hyaline, with the apex ochreous ; legs and antennae pale tawny-
ochreous, the former with black spines.

Also taken within the metropolitan district, but less frequently
than the last, in June and July.

Sp. 44. punctatus. Brunneo-ochraceus, alis anticis pallide ochraceis, interne
brunneo punctatis. (Long. corp. 5 lin.; Exp. Alar. 10 lin.)

Lim. punctatus. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3723.

Brownish-ochreous, with a tawny hue : eyes black ; anterior wings pale
ochreous, the costa immaculate, the disc, inner and hnider margins, thickly
covered with somewhat confluent brown freckles ; nervures brownish at the
apex and towards the base of the inner margin; posterior wings very
transparent, pale, with the apex rather ochreous ; legs pale tawny, with
brownish spines.

Found in July, near London.

Sp. 45. elongatus. Pallide ochraceus, alis anticis angustatis et elongatis, pallide
ochraceis interne brunneo suhirroratis. (Long. corp. 3^ lin. ; Exp. Alar. 11—
12 lin.)

Lim. elongatus. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3726.

Pale ochreous : antennae long and tawny ; anterior wings narrow and some-
what elongate, pale ochreous, with the extreme inner margin and the apex
faintly freckled with brown, the costa immaculate ; posterior wings very
transparent, pale ochreous white; legs pale tawny, with blackish spines.

Also found, in July, near London.

Sp. 46. fuliginosus. Brunneo-ochraceus, ubdomine pallida, alis anticis Jusco-
Juliginosis, atomis pallidioribus obscure notatis, posticis hyalinis, albidis, iri~
descentibus. (Long. corp. 4 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 11 lin.)

Lim. fuliginosus. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3727.

Ochreous-brown : antennae pale tawny; anterior wings dull smoky-brown,
with a few very obscure paler freckles on the disc, the nervures dusky ;

2f2

228 MANDIBULATA. LIMNEPHILUS.

posterior wings hyaline, whitish, iridescent and immaculate ; abdomen pale,
ochreous ; legs pale ochreoiis, with black spines.
Inhabits the metropolitan district, in June ; not uncommon.

Sp. 47. ustulatus. Ochraceus, abdomine palHdiore, alls anticis ochraceis, brunneo
irroratis, costa immaculata, disco macvld magna irregxdari brunneo-ustulata.
(Long. corp. 4 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 94 lin.)

Lim. ustulatus. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3724.

Ochreous: antennae reddish; abdomen pale; anterior wings ochreous, with
darker nervures, the costa immaculate, except at the extreme apex, the rest
of the wings indistinctly freckled with brown, with a large irregular umbre-
brown patch, obscurely dotted with pale, on the disc towards the middle of
the costa ; posterior wings pale ochreous, hyaline and immaculate, with the
tip slightly tinted with brown ; legs pale, with blackish spines.
Kare : found in June, near London.

Sp. 48. incisus. Ochracevs, alls pubescentibus, subbrevihus, anticis margine
interno nerviaque b7'unneo irroratis, posticis pallidis ad apicem emarginatis.
(Long. corp. 3— 4| lin. ; Exp. Alar. 91—104 lin.)

Lim. villosus. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3721. — Lim. incisus. Phil. Mag. {Curtis)
V. iv. jD. 124.

Ochreous : thorax brownish above ; anterior wings rather short, somewhat
acute at the apex, pubescent, yellowish-ochreous, the nervures and extreme
inner margin closely freckled with brown, in other respects immaculate ;
posterior wuigs pale, hyalme, iridescent, the hinder margin towards the
apex deeply notched, the apex itself tinted with ochreous; abdomen and legs
pale ochreous, the latter with black spines.

This insect differs considerably in habit from the other species of the genus,
the anterior wings being much shorter and more acute, with the discoidal
areolets elongate, and the hinder wings have the posterior margin towards
the apex deeply notched.
Not uncommon, during tlie middle of tlie Kummer, within the

metropolitan district, but much more abundant in the west of

England, about Tavistock and Ashburton.

Genus XXXII.— AGRYPNIA, Curtis.

Antenna; as long as the body, inserted in front of the head, close to the eyes,
slender, slightly pubescent : palpi rather pubescent ; maxillary long, com-
pressed, 5-jointed, the basal joint short; the 2nd and 3rd longer, equal in
length, the other two shorter than these, also equal in length, the 5th
somewhat elliptic ; labial 3-articulate, short, the apical joint longest and
somewhat ovate : head very broad, transverse-ovate : eyes globose : thorax
small, suborbiculnr: abdomen depressed, long, very broad, narrowed at the
base: wings long; anterior rather narrow, sublanceolale, rounded at the

I'HRYGANID.E. AGRYPNIA. ANABOLIA. 2^

apex; posterior short, folded within: legs rather slender: Jemora simple:
tibiw sparingly armed with spines, posterior slightly bent, all armed with
a pair of short spurs at the apex, and the four hinder with a second pair
below the middle.

This genus, established by Mr. Curtis, may be at once recognised
from the other Trichoptera by having the body depressed and very
broad, the head is also large, but the wings in neuration closely
resemble those of the first section of the following genus ; from its
depressed form and large head, it reminds one forcibly of the genus
Lyda amongst the Hymenoptera, with which, however," it has no
affinity : one species (and I believe one specimen only) has been
hitherto taken, which is described and figured by Curtis, from whose
account its characters have been abridged.

+Sp. 1. Pagetana. Ochracea, oculis brunneis, alis immaculatis, apicibus svbfus-
centibiis. (Long. corp. 4 lin.; Exp. Alar. 12 lin.)

Agr. Pagetana. Curtis, v. xii. jdZ. 540. — Steph. Nomen. 2d edit. Appendix.

" Pale dull ochreous : eyes and ocelli brownish ; antennae^ head, and thorax,
a little more ferruginous, and clothed with ochreous hairs, the latter with an
ash-coloured tint, the postscutellum and abdomen dull castaneous, with a
grey bloom, the base of the segments in the latter dark, the apex ochreous,
tips of superior (anterior) wings slightly fuscous; inferior (posterior)
transparent, iridescent, the tips suffused with ochre, all the nervures dark
brownish-ochre, excepting a few of the basal ones in the under wings, legs
and underside brighter ochre." — Cm-tis, I. c.

I have never seen this insect, which is said to have been " taken
by C. J. Paget, Esq., in a salt marsh, between Yarmouth and
Caistor, the l4th August. "" — Curtis, I. c.

Gexus XXXIII.— ANABOLIA* mihi.

Antenna longer than the body, but not so long as the wings, rather stout,
especially the basal joint, slightly pubescent : palpi slightly pilose and
pubescent ; maxillary slender, 5-jointed, the three basal joints short, the
two apical ones elongate-cylindric, of equal length ; labial 3-articulate and
very short, the terminal joint thickened : head small, transverse : eiies very
prominent : thorax ovate : wings considerably deflexed during repose, the
anterior long and narrowed, somewhat lanceolate, and faintly dilated on the
costa, the apex rounded ; posterior smaller, and folded within, furnished

AvalSoXi'i dilatio.

230 MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA.

with numerous longitudinal nervures, placed very closely towards the apex :
abdomen short, slightly compressed, obtuse at the tip ; of the female more
robust and obtuse : legs rather long and slender: femora simple : tibioe and
tarsi rather thickly armed with longish spines, the former with a pair of
short spurs at the apex, and the four hinder ones each with a second pair
below the middle.

The insects of this genus — at least those of the first section —
almost too closely resemble those of the immediately preceding, the
neuration of the wings exactly corresponding ; but from them they
differ in having the body rounded and somewhat compressed, the
palpi slightly dissimilar, and the antennae apparently shorter : those
of the second section have the wings a little abbreviated and slightly
dilated on the inner margin towards the apex, and resemble in form
those of the genus Chaetopteryx, from which, however, they are
removed by the absence of the rigid setae, with which the wings of
that genus are adorned.

§ A. Anterior wings rather narrow and elongate : palpi very slightly pilose.

Sp. 1. nervosa. Capite thorace ahdomineque supra fusco-brunneis, infra,
ochraceis, antennis nigricantibus, alis anticis fusco-ochraceis macula subcentrali
albidd, posiicis subhyalinis apice ochraceo. (Long. corp. 4 — 6 lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 13—15 lin.)

Lim. nervosus. Leach MSS. — Samouelle, pi. 7. f. 3. — An. nervosa. Steph.
Catal. 320. No. 3662.— Ph. fusca. Pictet, p. 133. pi. x.f. I.

Head, thorax, and abdomen dusky-brown above, tawny-ochreous beneath ;
antennae blackish; anterior wings ochreous-brown, the nervures dark-
brown, the margins, especially the hinder one, dusky-brown, and towards
the centre of the disc a lunate whitish spot, and one or two at the base of
the 2nd or 3rd marginal areolet; posterior wings somewhat transparent,
their apex tinged with ochreous-brown ; legs ochreous, with the tarsi
brown.

Larva with the head and three following segments blackish-brown, the three
first adorned with numerous regular blackish markings, the rest of the body
ochreous ; legs ochreous, spotted with black.

Abundant at Hertford, and in other places within the metropolitan
district, towards the end of August and beginning of September :
found also near Dover and Ramsgate, in the New Forest, and in
Scotland.

Sp. 2. lurida. Supra ochraceo-brunnea, infra lurido-ochracea, antennis brunneis,
alis anticis lurido-ochraceis, macula, obsoleta albidl, posticis hyalinis apice
lurido. (Long. corp. 5 — 7 lin.; Exp. Alar, ll — 16 lin.)

Ana. lurida. Steph. Catal 320. No. 3663.

PHRYGAN'ID^. ANABOLTA. 231

Head, thorax, and abdomen above ochreous-brown, beneath lurid-ochreous ;

antennae brown; anterior wings lurid-ochreous, the nervures dark brown;

towards the apex of the 3rd discoidal areolet is a whitish dot, and another

at the base of the 3rd marginal one ; posterior wings very transparent,

slightly iridescent, with the apex lurid.
These may be only larger and more brilliant examples of the foregoing species,

to which they are greatly allied.

Taken also within the metropoUtan district in September.

B. Anterior wings short and rather broad ; palpi long and pilose: —
Drusus, Steph.
Sp. 3. testacea. Rufescente-ochracea, alts pallidioribus anticis atomis paucis
pallidis, pedibus ochraceis, oculis nigris. (Long. corp. 4 — 5 lin.; Exp. Alar.
12—13 lin.)

Phr. testacea. Gmelin. — N. G. (569.) (Drusus Norn.) planus, Steph. Catal.
321. .Vo. 3665. — Lim. luridus. Phil. Mag. (Curtis) v. iv. p. 124.

Reddish-ochre : eyes black ; thorax very pilose ; wings transparent, pale
reddish-ochreous, with a few minute paler dots, the nervures distinct and
slightly dusky, the surface clothed with very fine golden hairs ; posterior
wings paler, immaculate, the apex with a dusky tinge; legs ochreous, with
black spines.
Not very common: taken in July and August at Hertford; also

in the New Forest and in Devonshire.

Sp. 4. annulata. Plate xxxiv. f. 3. — Rufescente-ochracea, oculis nigris, alis
hyalinis Jlavescente-nchraceis, immaculatis, ahdomine fuscescente, marginibus
stgmentorum ochraceis. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 11 lin.)

N. G. (569.) annulatus. Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3666.

Reddish-ochre : eyes black ; thorax rather dusky ; wings very transparent,
pale immaculate, yellowish-ochre, the nervures distinct and somewhat
darker ; posterior very pale at the base, and slightly iridescent ; abdomen
fuscous, with the edges of the segments ochreous; legs reddish-ochre, with
dusky spurs and setae ; antennae pale reddish ochre.

Rare : found in June in Devonshire.

Sp. 5. flavipennis. Rufescente-ochracea, oculis brunneis, alis subhyalinis
tomento subaui-ato ornatis. (Long. corp. 3 lin. ; Exp. Alar. 9^ lin-)

N. G. (569.) lutescens. Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3667.— Phr. flavipennis.
Tictet, p. 133. pi. xi.f 8.

Reddish-ochre: eyes brown; wings transparent, pale ochreous, immaculate,
clothed with a golden down; nervures slightly darker; abdomen greenish-
brown, darkest above ; legs very pale ochreous, with black spines.

Apparently rare : taken, in June, in Devonshire.

232 MANDIBULATA. TUICHOI'TEUA.

Sp. 6. nigricornis. Ochracea, oculis anteunisque piceo-nigris, capite thoraceque
supra brunneis, alk anticis pa/lide ochraceis, alhido indistincte inoratis.
(Long. corp. 4 liii.; Exp. Alar. 10 — 11 lin.)

N. G- (569.) picicornis. Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3668. — Phr. nigricornis.
Pictet,p. 136. pi. vi. /: 4..

Ochreous: antennse and eyes pitchy-black; head and thorax brown above;
palpi ochreous ; anterior wings broad, pale ochreous, with minute uidistinct
whitish dots, especially towards the inner margin, which is darker than the
anterior; towards the base are some larger and more distinct spots, with a
larger one in the middle, and another on the inner edge, where the nervures
decussate; legs pale, with dull black spines.

Not a common species : found, in the vicinity of London, in June.

Sp. 7. dubia. Rufesceiite-ochracea, antennis brunneo annulatis, oculis Jusch,
alls anticis pubescentihus, fusco-ochraceis punctis remotis pallidioribus. (Long,
corp. Sg lin. ; Exp. Alar. 12 lin.)

N.G. (569.) dubius. Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3664.

Reddish-ochreous : antennae annulated with brown; eyes fuscous ; anterior
wings very pubescent, slightly granulated, ochreous-brown, with the
nervures darker, the areolets minutely sprinkled with remote paler dots ;
the hinder angle is somewhat dilated ; posterior wings hyaline, pale, with a
faint ochreous tinge, the nervures and apex distinctly ochreous ; legs pale
ochreous, with black spines.

This remarkable insect makes a near approach to the following genus, but
differs in having the wings less distinctly rounded at the apex, and somewhat
longer and narrower.

Also an uncommon species : found, in June, in the vicinity of the
metropolis.

Genus XXXIV.— CH^TOPTERYX* mihi.

Antennae longer than the body and the wings, very slender, simple : palpi
slightly pubescent, also very slender ; maxillary 5-jointed, the two basal
joints short, the other three long and slender, the apical one slender and
acute; labial 3-articulate, the terminal joint obtuse ovate: head small :
eyes large, prominent : thorax ovate : wings much deflexed during repose ;
anterior short, broad, much rounded at the apex, and very pubescent, the
costa rounded in the middle and deeply ciliated, the disc granulated, and
producing long rigid setse; posterior wings less pilose, short, very broad
and ample, faintly notched on the hinder margin : abdomen short, robust.

xaiTT) seta ; wrfpv'i, pcniia.

PHEYGANID.E. CH^.TOPTERYX. 233

narrowed at the base, dilated at the apex, of the female longer, more robust
and very obtuse : legs long, rather stout : femora simple : tibiw and tarsi
furnished with numerous short spines, the former with a pair of spurs at the
apex of each, and the four hinder ones each with a second pair below the
middle.

The insects of this genus may be known, not only by a slight
diversity in the form of the palpi, but especially by having the
anterior wings very broad, granulated, beset throughout with rigid
erect bristles, very pubescent, and rounded at the apex : in fact,
their entire habit is very dissimilar to that of any other genus of this
family : two species only are known.

Sp. 1. villosa. Fulvescente-ochracea, antennis brunneis, alis anticis suhgranulatis
ochraceo-brunneis punctis duobus pallidis. (Long. corp. 4^ — 5| lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 10—12 lin.)

Phr. villosa. Fabricius — Chae. villosa. Steph. Catal. 321. No. 3669.

Of a tawny-ochreous, darker above : eyes black ; antennae brown ; anterior
wings ochreous-brown, with the nervures slightly prominent and tubercular,
furnished with distinct, long, silky, blackish hairs, longest on the inner
margin, the membrane also bearing minute tubercles, with a pale dot
towards the hinder angle on the iimer margin, and another above it;
posterior wings very transparent ; abdomen ochreous ; legs pale ochreous,
with black spines.

Larva with the five anterior segments brown, the remainder and legs ochreous.

Not uncommon, in July and August, within the metropolitan
district, especially in the vicinity of Hertford.

Sp. 2. brevipennis. Ochracea, supra brunnescens, abdomine nigricante, alis
anticis tuberculatis fulvescente-ochraceis pvnctis tribus minutissimis pallidis.
(Long. corp. 3 — 3§ lin.; Exp. Alar. 9 — 11 lin.)

Lim. brevipennis Phil. Mag. {Curtis) v. iv. p. 125. — Phr. tuberculosa.
Pictet, p. 140. pi. vii.f. 4.

Ochreous, brownish above : eyes black ; antennae brown ; anterior wings
very broad and rounded, rough and tawny-ochreous, with the nervures very
prominent and tubercular, clothed with long silky black hairs, the mem-
brane also slightly tubercular, with a pale spot at the base of the 3rd mar-
ginal areolet, another below the centre, and a third towards the hinder
angle, the hinder margin darkish, with pale dots ; abdomen greenish-black,
with its apex ochreous ; legs pale ochreous, with black spines.

Larva resembling that of the foregoing species in colour, &c.

Also common in the vicinity of London, as at Hertford, Ripley,
Guildford, &c. ; found also in Suffolk and in Cambridgeshire.
Mandibulata, Vol. VI., Jan. 31st, 1837. 2 g

234 MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOFTEKA.

Genus XXXV.— NEURONIA, Leach.

Antennas longer than the body, but shorter than the wings, very stout, pubes-
cent : palpi very pubescent and pilose ; maxillary longest, 5-jointed, the
three basal joints short, the two apical ones longer, stout, ovate ; labial
3-articulate, the basal joints slender, the terminal one robust, ovate : head
broad, transverse, with a tuft of hair between the antennae : eyes slightly
prominent : collar pilose : thorax ample, subovate : wings very slightly
pilose, shining, and hyaline, furnished with coarse and numerous nervures,
anterior with the costal one in place of the stigma, suddenly curved ; at the
apex of the disc is a short ovate areolet ; posterior smaller, rounded on the
hinder margin : body robust, cylindric, of the male with the apex broadly
expanded, of the female larger and obtuse : legs rather slender and elongate :
tibia not armed with spines, but all furnished at the apex with a pair of long
spurs, the four hinder ones also with a pair below the middle : tarsi also
spineless.

This genus — the last of the order — is rendered conspicuous by
the remarkable transparency of its wings, which are very slightly
pilose, but are furnished with strong and very distinct nervures, of
which the second longitudinal one is abruptly waved towards the
apex, in place of the usual stigma, as in the genera Phryganea and
Halesus ; but from these genera the structure and form of the wings,
exclusively of the diversity in the palpi, and their stout, short
antennae, remove them.

Sp. 1. fusca. Plate xxxiv. f. 2. — Nigricante-fusca, tibiis posticis ochraceis,
alis subochraceo-fuscescentibus, nervis piceis. (Long. corp. 6 — 7lin. ; Exp.
Alar. 10—15 lin.)

Phry. fusca. Linne? — Neu. fusca. Steph. Catal. 323. No. 3733.

Blackish-brown : collar clothed with griseous hairs ; anterior wings of a dark
uniform fuscous, with an ochreous tinge and pitchy nervures ; posterior
rather paler and more transparent, especially at the base; legs blackish-
brown, with the hinder tibiae bright yellowish-ochreous.

This appears to be a scarce insect : it is met with occasionally
within the metropolitan district in the summer.

APPENDIX.

Page 5. FoancuLA borealis. Curtis, v. xii. pi. 560.

Mr. Curtis, in the folio quoted, says, '' Mr. Stephens gives the F. media of
Marsham as a variety of this species," after stating that the British Forfi-
culidee have been divided into four genera, as I alone have done in p. 4; and
if the reader will refer to p. 5, he will find that I give F. media as a distinct
species, the forceps of which I have figured from Marsham's original
insect.

Page SO.fLocusTA Christii. Curtis, v. xni. pi. 608. — " Pallide viridis, lineis
^-bus faciei mandibulisque carulescentibus, elytris maculatis, femoribus poste-
rioribus subtus, interne ccerulescentibus, nigro maculatis. (Long, corp.2 unc.
4lin. ; Exp. Alar. — unc. — lin.)

*' Pea-green : antennae subferruginous ; an ochreous and purplish longitudinal
line behind each eye, face with two lines down the middle, and the man-
dibles blue-black ; thorax triangular behind, with a sharp convex carina ;
abdomen reddish-brown, marbled with greenish-yellow ; elytra more or
less spotted, nervures reddish-brown, variegated with green towards the
base ; wings delicate yellow, inclining to green, the apical portion more
grey, nervures brown and piceous, reticulations ochreous ; hinder legs pale
green; thighs blue internally beneath, with a large black space from the
base to the middle, a blackish band beyond it, and a ring near the apex,
which is brown above ; spines of tibiae tipped with black ; tarsi grey." —
Curtis, I. c.

" Taken by Wm. Chistry, Esq. upon some French-beans in a garden on the
Clapham-road, in July, 1826." — Curtis, I. c.

Page 46. Ectobius lapponicus— Blatta laponnica, Curtis, v. xii. pi. 556,
where it is stated " there are 11 species (of Blatta) registered as inhabitants
of England."— I had previously described 12, for although the date of the
plate is July 1, it was not published till August 1.

Page 90. CoRDULiA Curtisii Loudon, v. vii. p. 60.— Curtis, v. xiii. pi. 616. —

The reference to Loudon's Magazine, by some accident, is erroneously
stated in this page-
Page 184. Seri COST DMA Spencii.— The death of Dr. Leach, here referred to,
took place at Genoa on the 24th of August last, from an attack of cholera,
after an illness of seven hours only, in, I believe, the 47th year of his age.

2 G 2

LIST OF PLATES.

PLATE

XXVIII.

XXIX.

XXX.

XXXI.

XXXII.

XXXIII.

XXXIV.

no.

1. Forficula auricularia ( forceps)

2. Forficula media {forceps)

3. Forficula borealis ( forceps) .

4. Forficula forcipata

5. Chelidura albipennis {forceps)

6. Gomphocerus rufus

7. Ectobius lapponicus

1. Csenis macroura

2. Baetis semicolorata

3. Cloeon dipterum

4. Agrion rubellum
1.
2
3,
4
I
2
3
4.

Gomphus flavipes (and anal appendage)

Chrysopa fulviceps

Hemerobius concinnus

Hemerobius fuscatus

Raphidia Ophiopsis

Nemoura rariegata

Leuctra geniculata

Isogenus nubecula, var.

1. Glossosoma fimbriaU (with anal appendage and palpi)

2. Mormonia nigripunctata and palpi

3. Aphelocheira flavomaculata, var.

4. Narycia elegans

1. Drepanepteryx Phalaenoides .

2. Sericostoma Spend: and palpi

3. Molanna angustata

4. Chimarra marginata 9

1. Odontoceru8 albicornis .

2. Neuronia fusca

3. Anabolia annulata

4. Potomaria analis

PAGE

4
5
5
6

7

30

46

60

64

68

71

88

101

106

114

130

144

145

137

161

189

179

154

100

184

208

191

192

234

231

183

Paob

Line

3

8

3

21

7

9

21)

8

37

13

50

10

53

30

58

26

63

18

64

12

-_

21

97

11

13

103

4 fr

H5

4

ISl

2

155

H

171

34

183

:«)

199

26

ERRATA.

for melytra read

— as the —

— Hugenbach —

— Zettersted —

— jEcanthus —

— family —

— genera —

— ANISOPTERA —

— nigricanus —

— nervuris —

— stigmata subochraeea

— niger —

— portions —

— four — '
4 from bottom joint ; —

for CONIOPTERYX, Leach.

~ Layer Mumey read

— hairy —

— azure —

— immaculatiis —

— iridescent —

elytra.

at the.

Hagenback.

Zetterstedt (and elsewhere).

CECANTHUS.

group.

families.

ANISOPTERINA,

nigricans.

nervis (and in other places).

ttigmate subochraeea.

nigrit.

portion.

few.

joint rosy ;

CONIOPTERYX, Cnrtit.

Layer Mamey.

horny.

orange.

immaculatis.

indistinct.

INDEX.

Aceutria,

Page

^SH.

Page

nivea

. 150

maculatissima

. 83

ACEXTROPID^

148

mixta

. 84

ACENTROPUS

. 150

rufescens

. 82

Garnonsii

. 150

teretiuscula

. 85

niveus

. 150

vernalis .

. 85

ACHETA .

37-39 Agapetus

. 155

campestris

. 39

azureus .

. 157

domesticus

. 40

comatus

. 157

sylvestris

. 40

funereus

. i56

ACHETID^

. 10

fuscipes

. 156

Acrida

. 36

laniger

. 156

aplera

. 12

ochripes

. 156

Kirbii

. 13

setiferus

. 157

Bingleii

17AGRAYI.EA 1

51-153

brachyptera

. 13

muitipunctata

. 153

dor salts .

. 14

sexmaculata

. 153

fusca

14 Agrion ,

• 71

grisea

18

annulare

• V

varia

15

Chloridion

75

verrucivora

17

cingulatum

. 73

virescens

. 11

corea

;6

viridissitna

. 16

elegans

72

ACRYDIUM

19-32

ezonatum

72

bimaculatum

34

ful vines

75

binotatum

35

furcatum

73

bipunctatum

M

hastulatum

73

Panzer 34

Lincolniense

75

brevipenne

36

niiniuii! .

75

cristatum

35

platypoda

76

dorsale

34

Fuella .

73

ephippium

35

rubellum

71

hieroglyphicum

35

rufescens

74

humerale

34

rufipes

V

laterale

35

sanguineum

75

marginatum

34

xanthopterum

72

nigricans

36

xonatum

72

obscurum

35 Agrionid^

70

ochraceum

35 Aghypnia 2C

4-228

pallescens

34

Pagetana

229

scriptum

35 Aleyrodes

subulatum

34

duhia

\\c,

variegatum

36

gigantea

ii>;

vittatum .

35 Amathus

176

xonatum

35

cambricus •'

1/8

jEshna

81-82

C07icinnus

■78

affinis

85

fuliginosus

177

chrysophthalmus 82

maculatus

178

Dulii

82

picicornis

i77

grandis .

83

pyrrhoceras

177

juncea

84

subnebulosus ,

179

Ama.

subpunctatus
Amblypteryx,

nigripalpis

rnfipalpis
Anabolia

annulata

dubia

flavipennis

lutescens

lurida

nervosa

nigricornis

picicornis

plana

testacea .
Ana:

ibrniosa

Imperator

AVISOPTERA
A>fISOrTERlKA

Anticyra

ciliaris
gracili;es
latipes
phaeopa .
subochracea
Aphelocheira,

flavomaculata

subaurata
Aphelomera,

Italica
Atropos

fatidicus

pulsatorius
Baijtis

autumnalis

basalis

bioculata

carnea

caudata ,

costalis

culiciformis

cingulata

uispar

elegans .

flavescens

fuscata .

horaria .

lateralis .

Page Ba.

Page

. 177 longicauda

. 63

mellea

. 63

. 203 nigra

. 67

. 203 obscura .

. 65

204-229 phcBopa .

. 65

. 231 semicolorata

. 64

. 232 striata

. 65

. 231 subfusca .

. 64

. 231 verna

. 66

. 230 venosa

. 63

. 230 BarUtestes,

. 232 autumnalis ?

. 11

. 232 Beh^a

155-158

. 231 albipes .

. 158

. 231 Marshamella

. 158

81 pygmea .

. 158

81 Blaberus

42-44

81 giganteus

. 42

12 Blatta

43-44

4 53 Americana

. 44

155-159 lucida .

. 46

. 160 Maderae

. 43

. 159 orien talis

. 44

. 160 Blattid^

10-42

. 159 BoreidjE

. 50

. I6OB0REUS .

. 50

A, hyemalis

. 61

167-179 Brachycentrus 181

179 con color

. 182

. 180 costalis .

. 182

subnubilus

. 182

41 Brachycercus,

115-128 chironomiformis 62

129 Harrisellus

. 61

. 128 minimus .

. 61

55-62 C^Nis

55.60

67 brevicaiida

. 61

64 chironomiformis 62

65 dimidiata

. 61

65 Harrisella

. 61

63 interrupta

. 62

64 minima

. 60

66 pennata .

. 61

67 Calepteryx

71-78

63 anceps

. 80

64 Ludoviciana

. 79

64 Virgo

• 79

66 xanthostoma

. 80

66 Ceraclea .

192.193

65 nervosa

. 194

238

INDEX.

Page

Bec.

Page

Go.

Page

He.

Page

Chelidura

4-6

griseus .

. 18

fuscata .

. 187

Pini

. Ill

albipennis

7

verrucivorus

. 17

hirta

. 189

punctatus

. Ill

CHjETOPTERYX

Dermaptera

. 1-3

immaculata

. 189

Stigma .

. 112

204-232 Drepanepteryx,

irrorata .

. 188

subfasciatus

. Ill

brevipennis

. 233

99-100

nigromaculata

189

subnebulosus

. 107

villosa

. 233

Phalaenoides

. 100

pilosa

. 187

variegatus

. 113

Chimarra

. 100 Drusm

. 231

vulgata .

. 188 Hydropsyche,

marginata

. 191

annulatus

. 231 Gomphocerus

19-29

147-167-170

Chloroperla

. 137

dubius

. 232

apricarius

. 32

angustata

. 174

flava

139

lutescens .

. 231

biguttatus

. 30

angustipennis

. 173

fuscipennis

138

picicornis

. 232

biguttulus

. 30

atomaria

. 171

lateralis

138

planus

. 231

calidoniensis

. 32

flavomaculata

180

lutea

138 Dri/as

elegans .

. 31

fulvipes

. 174

media

138

nioripunctatus

168

ericetarius

. 31

guttata

. 172

pallida

139 Ectob'ius

44-45

rufus

. 30

hibernica

. 173

rufescens

139

germanicus

. 46

sibiricus

. 32

laeta

. 172

venosa

139

lapponicus 46-235

Sowerbii

. 30

lanceolata

. 173

viridis . V.

J8-139

lividus

48 GoMPHUs

81-87

pellucidula

. 172

Chrysopa i

)9.10l

nigripes .

48

flavipes .

. 88

Senex

. 168

abbreviata

103

pallens .

. 46

forcipatus

. 87

tenuicornis

. 171

afRnis

104

pallidus .

48

pulchellus

. 88

urbanus .

. 175

alba

104

Panzeri .

47

vulgatissimus

87 HYDROPSYCHIDif:,

angiista

104

perspicillaris

47 GryllidjE

10

148-167

angustipennis .

104 Ephemera

55 Gryllotalpa

37 Hydroptila 147-151

capitata .

102

apicalis .

59

didactyla

37

brunnicornis

. 152

carnea

103

cognata .

. 66

vulgaris .

38

costalis

. 153

fulviceps .

101

diluta

58 Halesus . 2

94-209

marginata

. 152

immaculata

103

dispar

58

angustatus

. 209

sparsa

152

maculata

102

dubia

59

cingulatus

. 209

tineoides .

. 152

Perla .

105

fusca

58

confinis .

. 209

Vectis

. 152

punctifrons

104

helvipes .

. 69

flavus

210 H'xdroptilida

reticulata

102

lutea

67

hieroglyphicus

210

148-151

subfalcata

105

marginata

57

lateralis

. 210 IsoGENus . 134-136

ventralis

103

minor

60

latipennis

209

nubecula

137

viridis

103

nigricans

58

obscurus .

210 Labia

. 4-7

CtOEOK

55-67

rosea

59

radiatus .

. 210

minor

8

albipenne

69

rufescens

59

stellatus .

210 Labidura

. 4-8

cognatum

69

stigma

57

Vibex .

209

gigantea .

8

consobrinum

69

submarginata

58 HEMEROBIDiE

97-98 Leptetrum .

. 92

dimidiatum

69

talcosa

57 Hemerobius 1

39-105 Leptocerid^,

dipterum

68

vespertina

60

affinis

. 109

148-191

dorsale

69

vulgata .

55

angulatus

. 106 Leptocerus 192 194

hyalinatum

68

Don

56

apicalis .

110

aflinis

. 198

ochraceum

68 Ephemerid^

54

concinnus

106

annulatus

. 197

obscurum

69 Ephippigera

, 11

confinis

115

annulicornis

, 199

Virgo

70

virescens

U

crispus

. 112

assimilis

. 198

unicolore

69 FORFICULA

4

elegans

113

ater

196

Coniopteryx .

115

albipennis

7

fasciatus

. 108

— Step.

. 200

• Aleyrodifortnis

116

auricularia

4

fimbriatus

113

aterrimus

200

Psociforrais

117

borealis .

5-235

fuscus •

107

attennuatus

202

Tineiformis

116

centralis .

7

fuscatus .

114

aureus

197

CORDULEGASTEI

181-86

forcipata

6

hirtus

. 106

bicolor

201

annulatus

86

media

5

Humuli .

108

bilineatus

. 200

CORDULIA .

81-88

Haaen.

7

irroratus .

111

bim.aculatus

197

aenea

89 FORFICULID^

1-3

lutescens .

109

caliginosus

200

eempressa

90 Glossosoma 11

)5.160

marginatus

109

cinereus

199

Curtisii . 1

0-236

Boltoni .

161

Marshami

114

dissimilis

197

metallica

89

fimbriata

161

nebulosus

107

elongatus

201

Cyrnus . 16

7-174 Glyphotcelius

211

nemoralis

110

filosus

199

cognatus

175

angulatus

211

nervosus

108

gracilis .

202

pulchellus

175

cognatus

212

nitidulus

114

grossus

199

unicolor

176

diaphanus

212

obscurus .

108

interruptus

198

unipunctatus .

175

or fiat us .

212

obsoletus .

110

longicornis

201

urbanus .

175

pictus

211

paganus .

110

niger

196

Decticus .

11-16 GOERA . 18

1-187

pallidus .

112

nigricans

195

Bingleii

17

flavipes .

187

perelegans

109

obtusus .

195

INDEX.

239

Lep.

Page

LiM.

Page

Page Mys.

Page

ochraceus

. 195

elongatus

227 LocusTA .

19 phaa

196

perfuscus

. 196

emarginatus .

211

aprica

24 Narycia . 151-154

pilosus

. 199

fenestralis

218

autumnalis

11 elegans

154

4-fasciatus

. 200

■ Steph.

220

bicolor ?

25 Neuroptera .

49

rufogriseus

. 201

flavus

226

biguttata

26 Nemoura . 13

4-140

rufus

. 201

flavescens

223

Christii ,

235 affinis

141

seminiger

. 199

flavicornis

213

caerulescens

21 annulata .

142

subannulattis

. 197

fuliginosus

227

consobrina

27 Cambrica

143

tarsalis ,

. 197

fuscatus .

222

cru^igera

26 cruciata .

141

testaceus

. 195

fuscus

221

dorsata

22 fuliginosa

141

tineiformis

. 202

geminus .

220

elegans .

22 fumosa .

143

Lestes

71-76

glaucopterus .

215

flavipes .

21 luteicornis

142

autumnalis

. 78

griseus

217

grossa

21 nebulosa

140

forcipula

. 78

hieroglyphicus

210

haeniorrhoidalis

27 nitida

143

Nympha

. 77

incisus

228

lineata

26 pallicornis

143

sponsa

. 77

interruptus

225

migratoria

20 pallida .

141

Viridis .

• 77

jrroratus .

223

miniata .

25 pallipes .

142

Leuctra . 134-144

latipennis

209

mollis

27 pusilla

143

abdominalis

. 145

Lineola .

213

montana

23 sulcicoUis

143

fusciventris

. 145

Steph. .

225

obscura

27 variegata

144

geniculata

. 145

lunatus

216

ochropa

22 Neuronia 2(

)4-234

LiBELLULA .

81-90

Steph. .

219

parallela .

23 fusca

234

angustipennis

. 95

luniger

219

pedestris .

29 NOTIDOBIA IJ

J1.185

basalis

. 96

luridus

231

rhomboidea

28 atrata

186

bimaculata ?

. 93

marginalis

218

rosea

25 pallipes .

186

cancellata

. 93

marmoratus

214

rubicunda

24 Odontocerds

. 192

casrulescens

. 93

nebulosus

215

rubroviridata

22 albicornis

. 192

conspurcata

. 91

Steph

214

rufipes

25 griseus

. 192

depressa

. 91

nigrivittatus

225

stridula .

20 maculipennis

192

Donovani

, 93

notatus

224

tricarinata

23 OECANTHUS .

37-41

flaveola .

. 96

nubilus .

223

variegata

28 Italicus .

. 41

pallidistigma

. 94

obscurus

220

varipes

28 Orthetrum .

. 92

praenubila

. 92

ochraceus

223

venosa

28 Orthoptera

9

4-tnacuIata

. 92

obliquus

219

viridula

24 Osmylus .

. 99

rufostigma

. 95

ornatus .

212

vittata

25 maculatus

. 99

Scotica

. 94

pallescens

214 LoCUSTIDiE

10-18 Pavorpa

. 51

vulgata .

. 95

pellucidulus

211 Meconema .

11-14 affinis

. 25

LlBELLULIDiE

70-80

pictus

211

varia

15 apicalis .

. 62

LiBELLULINA

. 70

praeustus

226 Megalopterin

A 132 borealis ,

. 63

LiMNEPHILUS 204-211

punctatus

227 Meroe

communis

. 62

affinis

. 217

punctatissimus

221

concolor .

. 182 germanica

. 53

affinis, Steph.

. 215

punctulatus

217

costalis

, 182 Panorpida .

50-51

albovittatus

. 215

4-maculatus

222

nubila

. 182 Panorpina

. 49

angulatus

. 211

rhombicus

214 MiCROPTERYX

11-12 Perla . 1

34-135

apicalis .

. 215

signatus

219

aptera

12 bicaudata

. 136

Steph.

. 227

sparsus .

223

brachyptera

13 cephalotes

. 136

assimilis .

. 221

stellatus

210

Roeseli

13 flavipes .

. 135

Auricula .

, 220

stigma

216 Molanna . 1

92-202 ^grandis .

. 135

basalis

. 211

Steph. .

216

angustata

. 202 marginata

. 135

bimaculatus

, 216

strigosus .

213

nieripalpis

. 232 nervosa .

. 136

binotatus

. 215

Striola

213 MORMONIA 1

81-188 Perlid^ . 1

32-134

bipartitus

. 225

subnebulosus .

224

gracilicornis

. 189 Phasgonuka

11-15

bipunctatus

. 218

substrigosus

224

hirta

. 189 viridissima

. 16

caliginosus

. 221

tenebricus

222

immaculata

. 189 Platetrum .

. 91

centralis

. 227

terminalis ?

226

maculicornis ?

. 189 Plectrocnemi

A,

caenosus

. 221

tessellatus

218

minor

. 189 1

67-168

cognatus .

. 212

tesfacc:is

224

nigromaculata

. 189 senex

. 168

cmifluens

. 222

ustulatus

228 Myrmeleonid

m 97 Philopotamus

J

consobrinus

. 224

variabilis

226 Myrmeleon

. 98 1

S7-169

costalis

. 217

versicolor

218

formicarium

. 98 affinis

. 173

diaphanus

. 212

Vibex

209.

Mystacide

. 147 antennatus

. 172

discoidalis

, 214

villosus .

228

aurea

. 197 bimaculatus

. 173

dorsalis .

. 213

Vinculum

222

atra

. 196 conspersus ?

, 168

elegans

. 215

vittatus

225

azurea .

. 157 dorsalis . 1

65-172

— — Pict.

. 225

nigra

. 196 instaUlis

. 171

240

IA'DEX.

Phi.

Page Pol.

Pa^e Pso.

Page

Page

longipennis

166

picicornis

. 177

subfasciatus

. 119 Termitina

97

maculatus

171

pyrrhoceras

. 177

subnebulosus

. 121

''etriie

marginepunctatus 173

subpunctatus

. 176

subocellatus

. 124

Panzeri .

34

montanus

170 POTOMARIA

181-182

subpunctatus

. 126

Thya

Ttebulostis

166

analis

. 183

variegatus

. 118

Maurus .

159

obliquus

171

assimilis

. 183

venosus

. 121

pullata .

158

obsoletus .

165

hyalina .

. 183

vittatus

. 122 TiNODES 155-162

obscurus

174 Prosoponia

PSYCHOMIA

. 147

albipunctatus

164

ochroleucus

173

Leachii .

. 184 PSYCHOMIDJE

148-190

annulicornis

163

opacus . .

166

Spencii .

. 184 Raphidia

. 129

ciliaris

160

pellucidulus

172 PsOCIDiE .

97-115

affinis

. 131

fimbriatus

161

reticulatus

170 Psocus

115-117

confinis .

. 131

flaviceps .

162

Scopulorum

169

abdominalis

. 127

Londinensis

. 130

luridus

163

variegatus

169

atomarius

. 118

maculicollis

. 131

lutescens

160

Phryganea 147-204

bifasciatus

. 120

megacephala

. 130

obscurus

164

albicornis

193

bipunctatus

. 123

ophiopsis

. 130

pallescens

162

annulata

197

costalis

. 126 RAPHlDIIDiE

97-129

pallipes .

163

atom aria

205

contaminatus

. 120 Rhyacophila

,

pheeopus

159

Beckwithii

205

dubius

. 127

147-155-165

pusillus .

164

elegans, Pict. .

225

fasciatus .

. 118

comata

. 157

simplex .

161

Jiava

226

flavescens

. 125

lanata

. 1.56

subauratus

180

Jlavipennis

231

flavicans

. 123

lanigera .

. 156

subochraccTis .

160

Jlexuosa

206

flaviceps

. 124

Melas 9 .

. 158

unipunctatus .

175

fusca, Pict.

230

flavidum

. 123

nigrocincta

, 159

xanthoceras

163

grandis

204

hyalinus

. 123

nebulosa

. 166 Trichoptera .

146

Lineola .

213

immaculatus

. 125

opaca

. 166 Trichostoma .

147

lunarii .

215

immunis .

. 121

setifera .

. 157 XlPHIDION .

11-13

minor

206

lineatus .

. 119

stigma

. 166

dorsale .

14

nigricornis

232

longicornis

. 121

tomentosa

. 159

fuscum

14

pellucidula

211

maculatus

. 119

vernalis ,

. 161 Zamle

personata

185

maculipennis

. 126

vulgaris .

. 165

Hansoni .

150

Phalaenoides

206

megastigmus

. 120 RhyacophiliDjE,

pilosa ? .

209

nebulosus

. 119

148-154

striata

205

nervosus

. 126 Sericostoma,

ENGLISH NAMES.

Pict.

210

nigricans

. 127

147-181-184

testacea .

231

nigricornis

. 126

atratum .

. 186 Case or Caddis-flies 146

tuberculosa

233

obsoletus .

119-123

LatreilM

. 184 Cock-roach

42-45

varia

205

ochropterus

. 122

Spencii .

184-236 Cricket,

PHRYGANIDiE 148-203

phaeopterus

. 127 SERlCOSTOMIDiE,

domestic ,

40

PODISMA

19-29

picicornis

. 118

148-180

mole

37

pedestris

29

pilicornis

. 117 Sialid^ .

. 132

Golderireye .

101

POLYCENTROPUS,

4-maculatus

. 124 SlALlS

. 133

Grasshopper

19

167-176

4-puDctatu8

. 125

ilavilatera

. 133 Locust

20

concinnus

178

rufescens

. 125

lutaria

. 133

May-fly

56

fuliginosus

177

similis

. 120 Silo

181-186

Snake-fly

. 129

irroratus •

178

sexpunctatus

. 123

pallipes .

. 186 Water-moth

. 146

multiguttatus .

178

striatulus

. 124

Sympetrum

. 94

E>JD OF VOL. VI.

C. BALDWIN, PRINTKB, NEW BRIDOB-STRBET, LONDON.

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V. b Illustrations of British entomolo

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