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C. EXOT. Bu? ITERFLIEs -
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TION AND DATES
CERTAIN pA ARTS

By Francis

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ILLUSTRATIONS

or NEW SPECIES or

EXOTIC BUTTERFLIES,

SELECTED curieFty rrom tHe COLLECTIONS

OF

W. WILSON SAUNDERS anp WILLIAM C. HEWITSON.

BY

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WILLIAM C. HEWITSON.

VOL. I.

\Qqab4s
JOHN VAN VOORST, LONDON.

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LONDON : WOODFALL AND KINDER, PRINTERS, ANGEL COURT, SKINNER STREET.

PN ERO DU Cl LON.

Autnoven the first volume of the “ Exotic Butterflies,” which is now brought to a
close, has not succeeded in a pecuniary point of view, we do not hesitate to proceed
with a second—having abundant materials with which to fill its pages—willing to
consider any loss which we may sustain as a slight contribution towards the advance-
ment of our favourite science, and unwillimg that the many beautiful things which
have delighted our own eyes should not also be enjoyed by our brother naturalists.

Two hundred and seventeen butterflies have been figured as new and distinct
species, and I believe they will stand the test of close examimation. No one can
deprecate more than I do the needless multiplication of species in which some of the
naturalists (especially ornithologists) of the present day, both im France and England,
seem to take so much pleasure, who, with the knowledge always before them that
certain species vary ad infinitum, that others are cosmopolitan in their range, neverthe-
less take some extra spot of colour, aided by some slight geographical separation, as
sufficient ground upon which to erect a species. I have, however, learned to give
great deference to the opinion of any one who may be closely studying some particular
group, having myself come to a decision with regard to some of the Ithomias, which
I have afterwards reversed upon nearer acquaintance with them, wondering at my
own want of acumen; indeed, so intimate have I become with specimens in my own
cabinet, as to know them from others of the same species, when there was no
appreciable difference. Mr. Wollaston has aptly compared the progress we make in
the study of Natural History, to our approach to some mountain range, which,
though undefined at first, reveals unexpected beauties as the eye becomes “ tramed ”
to see them.

With regard to two or three species, it may be thought that I have allowed
too much scope for variation, but with the exception of the two Ithomias figured at
66 and 67, which it would have been perhaps as well to separate, I have no reason
to change my opinion.

b

lv INTRODUCTION.

I wish, in committing these drawings to the public, that they could convey to
others some of the intense pleasure which the beautiful origmals have given me ;
that the animus with which they have been traced could be imparted to a kindred
mind.

Let us not love and study these exquisite things for themselves alone, but as
beacons of light to guide us on our heavenly way, and let us love and bless the
wondrous skill which placed them there, let us think what must be the glory of that
future which we are promised, when these, the most trivial decorations of a world
which we are told is but temporal, are so transcendently beautiful. Regarded thus,
they will possess a power to please which they never possessed before.

“ There ’s nothing bright, above, below,
From flowers that bloom to stars that glow,
But in its light my soul can see
Some feature of the Deity.”

For some of the errors which mar the pages of the book (the result of my own
carelessness) I have to grieve—others were unavoidable, and have only been made
apparent by the light of increasing acquisitions.

Ithomia Galita is Hubner’s Nereis Cymo.

Ithomia Sisera is Hubner’s Nereis Doto.

Ithomia Vallonia (13) is probably only a variety of Hubner’s N. Ninonia.
Ithomia Hezia (21) is a Mechanitis.

Ithomia Cesleria (41) is the female of I. Avella (g7), and must change her

name.

Ithomia Virginia (54) must be called Virginiana, Virginia having been used
at (18).

Ithomia Telesto (56) is (I believe) Guérin’s H. Annetta. (Icon. du Regne
Animal).

Ithomia Attalia is possibly the female of H. Cyrene of Latreille (Humboldt
and Bonpland), which I have never seen.

Catagramma Parima (3) is a variety of Guérin’s C. Hesperis. (Icon. du
Regne Animal).

Catagramma Eluina (30) is not sufficiently glossed with blue—when seen with
its head to the light, it is one of the most beautiful of the genus.

INTRODUCTION. V

At the commencement of the work, I expressed an opmion that the butterflies
which formed the genera of Epicalia and Myscelia, were near enough to form one
genus. ‘They have since proved to be the sexes of the same species. Myscelia
Samaria of the plate is the female of Epicalia Sabrina of the same plate.

Epicalia Pierreti (Pl. 29) and Myscelia Chromis (27), both of the “ Genera of
Diurnal Lep.,” are male and female of the same species.

Epicalia Numilius (Cram., Pl. 81) and Myscelia Micalia (P. Mic., Cram., Pl. 108)
are sexes of one species, and I believe that Epicalia Autinoe Godt, is the male of
Hpicalia Penthia of this work.

Although great care has been taken by Mr. Standish with the Plates, some of
the delicate Ithomias of Plate VII. are rather too highly coloured; figs. 38, 39, and
40, are sometimes quite white.

N.B.—An Index is given, by which the binder will be enabled to arrange the
Plates, as in the “ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera.”

A second Index, alphabetically arranged, is given for the benefit of those who
will take the trouble to number the Plates (from 1 to 60), and the letterpress (from
1 to 120), after the book has been arranged by the first Index.

OATLANDS, WALTON-ON-THAMES,
Sept. 15, 1856.

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PAP BON EDs As.

ORNITHOPTERA.

ORNITHOPTERA BROOKIANA. 1.
Ornithoptera Brookiana. Wallace, Trans. Ent. Soc., 1855.

Uprrrsipr. Male, black, with a broad longitudinal band of golden green from
near the apex of the anterior wing to the inner margin of the posterior wing. On
the anterior wing, below the middle, divided into seven hastate spots pointing to the
outer margin, which they nearly touch. On the posterior wing at the middle divided
by the nervures, which are black. Abdominal margin with a fold, as in some of the
Papilios.

Unpersipe black. Anterior wing with a line of blue at the base of the costal
nervure ; a longitudinal band just below the median nervure, and composed of four
spots, the first, commencing at the base blue and ending green, followed (one
between each of the median nervules) by three large sagittiform spots pointing
upwards. Posterior wing with a ray of blue just below the costal nervure near its
base and a line of grey triangular or diamond-formed spots (the latter divided by the
nervules) near and parallel to the outer margm. Each wing with a crimson spot at
the base.

The body belted twice with crimson.

Expan. 63% in. Hab. Borneo.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This is very unlike any other species of Ornithoptera. Besides its marked difference in form, it
possesses the abdominal fold as in some of the Papilios, but of greater extent than most of them, and
when unfolded, more than half an inch across, and filled inside by a quantity of exceedingly fine

elastic rufous hairs. It has been named by Mr. Wallace, in compliment to Captain Brooke, the
Rajah’s brother.

| he t/a f 2 BB

PA PILVONST DA.

PAPILIO.

PAPILIO IDAOIDES. 2.
Papilio Ideoides. G. R. Gray, MLS.

Uprrrsipr white. Both wings, with the costal and outer margins, the ner-
vures (the median nervules broad), and a row of lunular spots parallel to the outer
margin, black. Anterior wing, with the apex, broadly black. Some indistinct longi-
tudinal lines in the cell, a broad band across its middle, another at its end (chiefly
within it, inclosing an oblong white spot), and a large indistinct spot (chiefly between
the second and third median nervules) black. Posterior wing, with a line placed
longitudinally and a large spot at the end of the cell, black. The outer margin of
both wings with white, lunular, or oblong spots.

Unpersipe differs only in having a small black spot at the anal angle of the
posterior wing.

BExpan. 54% m. Hab. Philippine Islands.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

This is one of the most remarkable amongst the many contrasting forms and varied modes of
colour, which mark the genus Papilio. It would scarcely be known at first sight from an Idea.
Papilio Hippocoon, and Danais Niavius, are sometimes put together in collections as the same species.
Papilio Boisduvallianus, and the female of Acreea Iodutta, but for the difference of the nervures and
antennee, do not differ more than closely-allied species of one genus. ‘Two or three Papilios represent
very closely some of the Eupleeas, but it is remarkable that this close approximation in appearance
is chiefly seen between Papilio and the Danaide, and though it occurs also between Papilio and

Acreea, and to a certain extent in the likeness between P. Zagreus and Heliconia (neighbouring families
to the Danaidee), it is not seen in the Nymphalide, or other groups.

DSI

PAs ELON. DAs.

PAPILIO II.

PAPILIO DIOXIPPUS. 3, 4.

Uprrrsipr. Male, black, with a large central triangular space of pale yellow,
bounded on one side by the abdomimal fold, on another by the median nervure of
the anterior wing, on the upper side of which nervure, and touching it, there are three
small spots. On the costal margin there are also three yellow bifid spots, and a row
of four or five spots of the same colour from near the apex, running parallel to the
outer margin. Posterior wing tailed, with two crimson spots and a small yellow spot
at the anal angle, a row of yellow lunular spots near the outer margin, and two blue
lunules at the base of the tail, on its inner side. The end of the tail, which is long,
yellow.

Unpers1nz as above, except that it is lighter, especially near the tail. Posterior
wing with five crimson spots in addition to those described above, which cross the
wing near the lower edge of the central yellow.

Expan. 33% m. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

There is a variety of P. Dioxippus, which has the upper edge of the central yellow emarginate
as in Leucaspis. ;

PAPILIO LEUCASPIS. 5.
Pap. Leucaspis Godart Encly. p. 55.—Boisd. spec. gen. p. 349.

Uprersipe. Male, red-brown, with a large central triangular space of light
yellow, bounded on the anterior wing by the median nervure, on the upper side of
which nervure, and touching it, are two spots of the same colour, and below it a
triangular black spot. Costal margin with three nearly equi-distant small bifid spots,

ec

°

PAPILIONIDZ®—PAPILIO.

also yellow. Parallel and near to the outer margin, there is a narrow band of brown,
lighter than the rest of the wing, accompanied on its mer edge by a band of black.
Posterior wing tailed with a Similar submarginal broken band of light brown,
traversed by a Tine of black, with between it and the margin four lunular spots of
blue. A band of crimson from the anal angle to the middle of the wing, and below
it on the inner margin a lunular spot of yellow.

The tail, which is s long, tipped with yellow.

UNDERSIDE, as above. except that the posterior wing has a narrow line of crimson,
scarcely divided into spots—from the anal angle to the costal margin, parallel and very
near to the edge of the central yellow.

Expan. 3.9. im. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Although described by Godart there is no published figure of this species, ] have therefore
thought it of use to place it in close proximity to the new species, to show the great resemblance

which they bear to each other, as well as the difference of form. I have not seen females of either
species.

PAPILIO EURYLEON, 6.

Uprrrsipr. Male, black. Anterior wing with a large green-white spot near
the middle of the inner margin, trifid by the nervures. Three small indistinct white
spots near the inner angle and the outer margin. Posterior wing with a central spot
of crimson of three nearly equal parts, with between it and the anal angle one or two
small spots of the same colour. The outer margin with the usual lunular white spots,
and parallel and near to them a row of similar white lunules, but less distinct, with
the exception of the two nearest the apex, which are large.

Unversipg. Anterior wing spotless, with the exception of the small spots near
the inner angle. The posterior wing has, instead of the trifid crimson spot, two
round pink-white spots, which are placed between the median nervules, the two red
spots as above at the anal angle, two red spots at the base of the wing, the marginal
and submarginal row of w hite Iunules as on the upperside, and above “and parallel to
them (but not extending to the two large spots near the apex), a third row of in-
distinct crimson lunules or spots.

Thorax underneath, with some red spots. Several of the folds of the abdomen
near the anus marked with light red.

Expan. 352; to 33°; m. Hab. New Granada.

Tn the Collection of W. C. Hewitson and W. W. Saunders.

There is a variety of this species without the small white spots of the anterior wing, and without
the submarginal lunules of the posterior wing, the two apical spots scarcely seen.

This species seems equally to represent two groups. In colour, it resembles the nineteenth
group of Boisduval, in which are Proteus and Vertumnus. In form, and the arrangement of the red

and white lunules on the underside of the posterior wing, it is more like Choridamas and Hyperion
of his twenty-second group.

Ace er, VON ft Dx.
PAPILIO. III.

PAPILIO WALLACEI. 7.

Uprrrstpe dark green-brown, with numerous white spots. Anterior wing
crossed longitudinally at the middle by a macular band of nine unequal spots, decreas-
ing in size towards the apex. The first spot (which is on the inner margin) and part
of the second bright green ; the others white; a line of bright green at the base ;
six narrow spots within the cell, two just beyond the cell, one beyond these near the
costal margin, and a row of small spots between the central band and the outer
margin all white. Posterior wing light brown from the base to beyond the middle,
the cell crossed by a lunular spot of bright green, which joins the band of the ante-
rior wing. A round black spot within the cell at its lower end. A lunular white
spot between the subcostal nervules.

Unversive light brown. Anterior wing as above, except that there is a band
of light brown across the middle of the cell; that the end of the cell is lilac, and
that there is a longitudinal band of the same colour, below the central band, divided
by black spots which connect the spots of the central band with the small spots de-
scribed above. Posterior wing with two spots of bright green near the base, separated
by a band of blue-black, marked with two crimson spots. A lunular lilac spot near
the end of the cell, and beyond it a row of black spots, one between each nervule,
the lower end of each spot marked with white. The inner margin gray.

Expan. 4 in. Hab. New Guinea.

In the Collection of Mr. Wallace.

Vit Las

RR

PAPILIONID£—PAPILIO.

PAPILIO ONESIMUS. 6&8.

Uprersipe white. Anterior wing, with the margins, the nervures, and lines
between these nervures near the apex, brown. Part of the cell and the lower portion
of the wing clouded with brown atoms. Posterior wing dark brown from below the
middle, lightest where the nervules cross, darkest (forming large oval spots) between
the median nervules ; crossed by a row of lunular spots parallel to the outer margin,
the two nearest the apex bright orange, the one at the anal angle orange-yellow, the
rest slightly tinted with the same colour.

Unversine differs only in having the dark brown oblong spots between the
median nervules and the space next to them of a blue-black, marked with Iunules
of light blue atoms.

Expan. 54 in. Hab. New Guinea.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This and the preceding species—which I have given myself the pleasure of naming after its
energetic discoverer, Mr. Wallace—are from New Guinea, and form part of the finest collection of
insects which has, perhaps, ever reached us from the East. Many species which have only been known
to us in England by the figures in the French Voyages, and many more which have never before been
seen in Europe, will now enrich our collections; and I am sure that all who derive pleasure from the
sight of these beautiful things will join me im expressing our obligation to Mr. Wallace for the delight
he has afforded us.

PAPILIONIDSE.

PAP MIO: shy.

P. SLATERI. 9.
P. Slateri, Boisd. Mss.

Uprersipz. Male brown. Anterior wing dark brown. Three spots of light
blue within the cell. Beyond the cell, and diverging from it, nine linear longitudinal
spots of the same colour, each spot placed between two nervules. Posterior wing
rufous-brown, with an orange spot at the anal angle margined above with black.

Unpersips, rufous-brown ; one spot only within the cell; the said spot and the
linear spots between the nervules, of a dirty white, and obscurely marked. Posterior
wing with a white spot at the base, and some indistinct spots of white in pairs, between
the median nervules.

Female differs in having the anterior wings much broader, more rounded at the
apex, and without spots. The posterior wing with two rows of indistinct white spots,
in pairs, between the median nervules near the outer margin, On the underside both
wings are of a uniform rufous-brown, without a spot, except that the two rows of
spots on the posterior wing, described above, are here united and form distinct

hastate spots pointmg imwards.
BExpan. 3;% 1m. Hab. Borneo.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
This species is readily known from P. Paradoxus, to which it bears a considerable resemblance,
by the singular orange spot at the anal angle of the posterior wing.

PAPILIONIDHZ—PAPILIO.

P. ENCELADES. 10.
P. Encelades, Boisd. Spec. Gen., page 376.

Uprrrsipg. Male with both wings from the base to beyond the middle white ; the
rest brown, crossed by a row of indistinct white spots, parallel to and near the outer
inargin. Anterior wing with the nervules, the costal margin, four longitudinal lines
within the cell, and part of the space between them, brown.

Unpersipr as above, except that it is lighter, that there is a line of brown in
the cell of the posterior wing, that the nervures are more clearly marked, and the
submarginal spots of both wings more distinct.

Expan. 4,°5 in. Hab. Celebes.

Tn the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

P. DEUCALION. 11.
P. Deucalion, Boisd. Spec. Gen., page 375.

Upprrsipe. Female dark brown, with numerous orange-yellow spots. Anterior
wing yellow at the base. A small round spot near the base, nine or ten spots within
the cell, and beyond the cell diverging from it, placed longitudinally between the ner-
vures, a row of seven spots. ‘The first (near the costal margin) small and round, the
rest oblong and large (the last bifid), and two minute spots on the costal margin, all
yellow.

Posterior wing with three large longitudinal spots near the base, followed by four
smaller spots, which are again followed by four minute spots. Both wings with a
submarginal row of small spots all yellow.

Unpersipe as above, except that there are three small round spots at the base
of the posterior wing, and lunular spots on the outer margin.

Expan. 4% in. Hab. Celebes.

Tn the Collections of W. W. Saunders and A. R. Wallace.

The three butterflies of the plate have not been figured before. P. Encelades and Deucalion
are amongst the many rare and new species captured by Mr. Wallace, who says that he is “ pretty
sure” that they are sexes of one species.

Bea Pay DbOoN: TL Deck.

PAPILIO. | \¥-

PAPILIO XENARCHUS. 12.

Upprerstpe. Male black. Anterior wing with the costal margin beyond its
middle, a submarginal band of round and oval spots, and some minute spots on the
outer margin, from its middle to the anal angle, all green-white. Posterior wing with
a broad submarginal band of six carmine spots, oblong, except the spot near the anal
angle, the outer margin spotted with white.

Unpersive brown, the submarginal spots of the anterior wing very obscure.
Posterior wing with two spots at the base, and a submarginal band of seven lunular
and quadrate spots, all crimson, the margin as above, spotted with white.

Expan. 33/5 m. Hab. Mexico.

Jn the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This beautiful species is nearly allied to P. Choridamas.

PAPILIO GRATIANUS. 13.

Uprersipe black, the margins spotted with white. Anterior wing semitranspa-
rent, the base, the margins and nervures black : the middle of the costal margin with
a large grey-green spot divided into three by the nervures, and marked with two
white spots. Posterior wing crossed below the middle by a curved band of carmine
spots, three near the anal angle large and united, the other three small and apart.

Unpersibe as above, except that there is no grey round the white spots on the
inner margin of the anterior wing.

Expan. 335 in. Hab. New Granada.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

PAPILIONID#—PAPILIO.

PAPILIO EPENETUS. 14, 15.

Uprrrsipe black, the margins with lunular pale yellow spots, unusually large on
the posterior wing. Anterior wing hghter from the middle to the apex.

Unpersrper dark brown, both wings lighter brown from the middle to the outer
margin. Anterior wing irrorated with white at the end of the cell: crossed from the
end of the cell to the anal angle by a curved band of four pale yellow bifid spots. _ Pos-
terior wing crossed below the middle by two approximating curved macular bands,
each of seven spots—those forming the first band (nearest the base) triangular, car-
mine, and bordered with black ; those of the second band, pale yellow.

Expan. 33% nm. Hab. Forest of Cinchona.
In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

Nearly allied in form to P. Idseus (P. Evander of Hubner’s Sammlung). In colour it bears con-
siderable resemblance to P. Oxynius.

Paes Or N? PD AG

PARTEIOL Vir

PAPILIO EPYCIDES. 16.

UprrrsipE. Male dark brown. The discoidal cell of the anterior wing grey:
the posterior wing with the cell white: both traversed longitudinally by two lines of
black, one of which is bifurcate: both wings traversed longitudinally between tie
nervures by rays of grey-white, followed closely by a transverse band of white spots,
and on the posterior wing by a second submarginal band of similar white spots, the
anal spot large and orange: the abdomen with four rows of white spots.

Unpersrbe as above, except that it is paler, that the anterior wing is traversed
at the apex by rays of white, and that the costal margin of the posterior wing is
broadly rufous-brown.

Expan. 33% inch. Hab. North India.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species has been known to me for several years, but until I have had an opportunity of
examining several specimens I was unwilling to describe it. It is very nearly allied to P. Agestor, but
differs from it in the colour and form of the posterior wing, and has besides an orange spot at its anal
angle. The abdomen is spotted with white, not banded as in P. Agestor.

PAPILIO NUMICUS. 17.

yan Numicus, Hopffer, Schmet. der Ins. Samm. des Mus. Univers. zu Berlin.
Il. Heft. 1856.

Upprrsipr. Male dark brown. Both wings crossed near the outer margin by
a band of orange-yellow spots; on the anterior wing round, or nearly so, and eight in
number; on the posterior wing seven, large and conical, the spot, at the anal angle
bisected with black. Anterior wing with a spot of the same colour near the costal
margin beyond the middle.

rev) - ies
Fee, ( a-t err,

PAPILIONIDH—PAPILIO.

UnpersipE as above, except that the anterior wing has one or two small spots
beyond the end of the cell, that the posterior wing has two spots of unequal size
above the middle of the transverse band, and below and on each side of them spots

of pale blue, five in number.
Expan. 3385 in. Hab. Cuba.

In the Collections of Dr. Kaden and W. C. Hewitson.

I have to regret that my time has been misspent in figuring a butterfly which has been so well
represented before by M. Hopffer. I was not aware of it until my figure had been drawn; and igno-
rance is perhaps excusable, there having been a lapse of tweuty years between the first and second parts
of the work in which it is figured.

This species is very distinct, and has little resemblance to any other, but, as M. Hopffer remarks,
comes nearest to P. Philenor. For the possession of this rare butterfly I am indebted to the kindness
of Dr. Kaden, of Dresden.

PAPILIO ZALMOXIS. 18.

Upprrsive dull green, with the margins, the nervures, and rays between the
nervures black. Anterior wing with the apex broadly black. Posterior wing with
the outer margin broadly black, with a submarginal band of twelve green spots in
paws: the abdomen orange.

Unpersipe with the nervures and rays between them black. Anterior wing grey-
white, with the apex broadly rufous-brown. Posterior wing rufous-brown; the base
orange, with the nervures upon it very black: the cell, which is traversed longitudi-
nally by two black lines, and a portion of the abdominal margin, white: the outer
margin with a narrow border of black: the submarginal spots as above, but white.

Expan. 67 m. Hab. Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This very remarkable butterfly was received by Mr. Stevens in such a state of decomposition that
the body, except the outer covering of the abdomen, was completely gone; and it is very probable that
the green may have undergone a change of tint.

Pease iE PON bh Di Ac.

PAPILIO VIL.

PAPILIO UCALEGON. 19.

UpprrsipE. Male dark brown. Both wings crossed, from near the middle of
the anterior wing to the abdominal fold of the posterior wing, by an irregular broad
band of white, intersected by black nervures. Anterior wing with a bifid white spot
towards the apex.

UnpERSIDE as above, except that it is rufous brown, with the nervures, rays
between them and traversing the cells, black. Posterior wing with the base rufous,
marked by three black spots.

Exp. 339 in. Hab. Old Calabar.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Although at first sight this species seems, from its great resemblance in colour, to be intimately
connected with P. Cynorta and P. Zenobius, it will be found, upon closer examination, to be more closely
allied to P. Adamastor or P. Latreillianus. These species resemble each other in the form of the cell
of the posterior wings.

PAPILIO VEIOVIS. 20.

UpprrsipE grey-white, irrorated throughout with dark brown; the nervures
and rays traversing the cells black. Anterior wing clouded from the middle to the
apex with dark brown; rays of brown between the nervures near the outer margin ;
the cell crossed by a band of black. Posterior wing with the outer margin broadly
brown, traversed by a submarginal band of oblong grey-white spots.

UNDERSIDE as above.

Exp. 5 in. Hab. Menado.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
Very distinct from any known butterfly; but more nearly allied to P. Encelades than to any

other species.
= U

PAPILIONID#—PAPILIO.

PAPILIO PORTHAON. 21, 22.

Uprrrsips. Male black. Both wings crossed obliquely, from the costal margin
(beyond the middle) of the anterior wing to near the abdominal fold of the posterior
wing, by a band of pale green spots; both with a submarginal band of white spots.
Anterior wing with two bands near the base ; three curved linear bands and a white
spot within the cell, and three minute white spots beyond the cell. Posterior wing
with the abdominal fold and four small spots of white.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that the posterior wing is rufous brown, with a
linear crimson spot (bordered on both sides with black) from the costal margin ;
crimson spots between the median nervules and at the end of the abdominal fold,
and black spots between the nervures.

Exp. 3345 m. Hab. Zambesi.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Near to P. Policenes: nearer still to P. Anthzus, from which, though much alike on the anterior
wing, it is very different on the posterior wing. The P. Evombar, in the Collection of Dr. Boisduval,
does not appear to me to be specifically distinct from P. Anthseus; the difference is very slight. For
the species now figured I am indebted to the great kindness of Mrs. Dickinson, whose son took it on
the Zambesi.

1 Bae Be Be (0) ral 0 a On 1 De

PAPILIO. VIII.

PAPILIO SALVINI. 23.
Papilio Salvin, Bates. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, Vol. I. p. 4.

Urrrrsipz. Male pale green. Anterior wing with the costal and outer margins,
a band at the end of the cell and a band beyond the middle which connects the
costal and outer margins and thus forms a triangular spot, all black. Posterior
wing crossed obliquely at the middle by an indistinct band of grey (seen through),
touching, near the anal angle, a bifid spot of scarlet which is bordered below with
black ; outer margin black, with two lunular pale green spots: the tail black, bor-
dered on its inner margin with white.

Unprrsipe glossy white, tinted with green and lilac. Anterior wing as above,
except that the outer margin is so narrow that the transverse band does not reach it.
Posterior wing as above, except that the central band is dark brown ; that there is a
black band near the abdominal margm ; that the outer margin is much narrower near
the apex ; the white lunular spots upon it are much larger; and that there is below
each of them, and at the anal angle, a black lunular spot, traversed by a line of
pale blue.

Exp. 3585 inches. Hab. Guatemala.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

For the possession of this beautiful and very distinct species, I am indebted to the generosity of
Mr. Salvin. The rich collection of Dr. Boisduval has for some years contained an example of this
species, but from what locality I do not know.

>
ot

PAPILIONIDA—PAPILIO.

PAPILIO ZALEUCUS. 24, 25.

Uppersipr. Male blue-black. Anterior wing paler towards the outer margin,
with the nervures and rays between them black. Posterior wing with, near the outer
margin, three large spots of white: the abdominal fold very large.

UnpersivE as above, except that it is paler; that the three spots of the posterior
wing are much larger and form one spot, the central portion marked by a spot of
black ; and that there is a fourth white spot between them and the apex.

Female larger, much paler; the outer half of the posterior wing white; the
nervures black; the outer margin with four large conical black spots ; the underside
grey-brown, with the margins, the nervures, the rays between them, and three
longitudinal folds in the cell, black. Posterior wing with two minute black spots
upon the white, and a spot of grey-white near the apex.

Exp. 6 43, ¢ 5 inches. Hab. Burmah.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Two examples only of this beautiful species have yet come to Europe; they were taken by
Captain J. Smyth, of the 69th Regiment, after a day’s chase; and are the only ones he saw during
his residence in Burmah. ‘They most nearly resemble P. Varuna, the male having the same large
and remarkable folding of the hind wing.

PAPLELO NLD.
PAPILIO IX.

PAPILIO XENIADES. 26.
Papilio Xeniades, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. 3 Ser. Vol. V. p. 561.

Uprersipe. Male, black. Anterior wing with a white bipartate spot near the
middle of the inner margin. Posterior wing rounded at the outer margin, dentate,
crossed beyond the middle by a band of five detached carmine spots, the two outer
spots smaller than the rest: lunules on the fringe, and three or four minute spots
near the margin, white.

UnpersIp£, brown, with the nervures black: the base of the anterior wing and
three spots at the base of the posterior wing carmine ; the spots of the transverse
band nearly white.

Female, like the male, except that the white spot on the anterior wing is larger
and tripartite. with (outside of it) some irrorations of white ; that the outer margin
of both wings is straighter, and that the white spots near the outer margin of the
posterior wing are much larger.

Exp. 3;inch. Hab. Ecuador.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Nearly related to P. Euryleon of Hewitson, Exot. Butterflies, Vol. 1, pl. 2, but differs from it in
having the carmine spots of the posterior wing lower down, forming a macular band instead of a palmate
spot, and in wanting the two white apical spots.

PAPILIO HELLANICHUS. 27, 28.

Upprrsipe, dark brown. Both wings crossed at the middle by a common band
of yellow, divided into spots by the nervures, each spot (with the exception of
those nearest the costal margin) marked with orange at its lower extremity: both
wings with a spot within the cell, the spot on the posterior wing forming part of
the transverse band: both wings with a submarginal band of yellow spots: both
with the fringe spotted with white.

UNDERSIDE, as above, except that the base of the posterior wing to the central
band nearly is ochreous yellow; that the spots are paler, and those of the band
much longer, and succeeded by a band of pale blue irorated spots.

Exp. 333 inch. Hab. Uruguay.

In the Collection of R. Trimen, and very kindly lent to me by him.

M

PAPILIONID.Z.— PAPILIO.

PAPILIO HYPSICLES. 29.

Uprrrsipr. Male, dark brown, tinted with blue beyond the band of the
posterior wing. Both wings crossed beyond the middle by a band of white, divided
into spots by the nervures. Posterior wing with a lunular spot above the anal angle
and a submarginal band of lunular spots, orange.

Unpersip8, as above, except that the posterior wing has a lunular orange spot
at the apex, that the spots of the submarginal band are larger than above, and that
the white band is succeeded by a series of pale blue irrorated spots.

Female, like the male, except that it is of a more rufous-brown, and that the white
band of the posterior wing is succeeded by a series of pale blue irrorated spots as on
the underside of both sexes.

Exp. 3485 to 4 inch. Hab. New Hebrides.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Nearly allied to P. Capaneus and to P. Canopus.

PAPILIONIDE.
PAPILIO X.

PAPILIO WARSCEWICZII. 30.

Papilio Warscewiczii, Hopffer, Stettiner Ent. Zeitung, p. 28, 1866.
Papilio Soratensis, Salvin and Godman. Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868.

Uprrrsipn, black. Both wings crossed by a submarginal band of pale yellow
spots, irrorated with black on the posterior wing. Anterior wing with a trifid white
spot on the costal margin beyond the middle, a minute spot below this, and a similar
spot near the anal angle. Posterior wing crossed by two bands above the marginal
band of spots already described : the first band of six spots irrorated with pale blue ;
the other continuous of pale yellow irrorations.

Unpersipg, rufous-brown. Anterior wing black from the base to the sub-
marginal band, the three apical spots of which form one large lilac spot: a quadrifid
lilac spot on the costal margin, and between it and the immer margin a band of six
spots irrorated with pale yellow, and a similar spot within the cell. Posterior wing
with the base of the costal margin, a small spot within the cell, a broad band near
the middle, and large conical spots on the outer margin, all lilac: an orange spot
at the anal angle bordered above and on its inner side with black irrorated with blue.

Exp. 44!45 mch. Hab. Bolivia (Apolobamba).

In the Collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman.

In the examples described by Hopffer and Messrs. Salvin and Godman, a second band of pale
yellow spots crosses the anterior wing, of which the two small spots indicated on my figure form putt.

PAPILIO EUTERPINUS. 31.

Papilio Euterpinus, Salvin and Godman. Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868.

Uprnrsipn, dark brown. Anterior wing crossed before the middle by an
oblique broad band of brick-red, commencing in the cell (which it nearly fills), and
continued (divided into three portions by the nervures) to nearly the outer margin :
a small spot of the same colour nearer the anal angle. Posterior wing irrorated with

ale yellow.

,

e 8

PAPILIONIDZ.—PAPILIO.

Unpers1pe, as above, except that the apical half of the anterior wing and the
whole of the posterior wing are much paler; that there is a spot of white near
the middle of the costal margin of the anterior wing and a brick-red spot near it

not on the upperside.
Exp. 33%; inch. Hab. Ecuador.

In the Collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman.

PAPILIO XANTHOPLEURA. 382, 33.

Papilio Xanthopleura, Salvin and Godman. Annals and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1868.

Uprrrsipg, black. Anterior wing irrorated with blue, forming longitudinal
bands between the nervures. Posterior wing with a large palmate space of green-
blue below the middle divided into six parts by the nervures, one part within the
cell: a submarginal band of lunular spots (except the spot nearest the apex, which is
white) of the same colour.

Unpersib£, brown; darker towards the outer margin of the posterior wing, rufous
on the apical half of the anterior wing and divided by the nervures and lines
between them, which are black. Anterior wing with pale yellow spots on both sides
of the disco-cellular nervules, and near the anal angle nine spots of grey, six of which
are near the outer margin, in pairs. Posterior wing with a submarginal band of
seven irregular carmine spots and a white spot near the anal angle.

Exp. 54 inch. Hab. Eastern Peru.

In the Collection of Messrs. Salvin and Godman.

This species, which is nearly allied to P. Corebus of Felder, as well as to P. Birchallii of Hewitson,
seems sufficiently distinct from both of them, without taking into consideration the remarkable pale

yellow spot, having the appearance of some solid material, which occupies nearly the whole length of

the abdomen on both sides.

. i
Sey Se aT

ape

7 PAPILIO PHALAECUS

PA PLE LOW TDi.

PAPIEIO: Xd. XAT.

PAPILIO DARES. 34.

P. Dares, Hewitson. Trans, Ent. Soc. Vol. V. Third Ser. p. 561, 1867.

Urrersipr. Female, black ; the outer margin with white lunules. Anterior wing witha small
white spot beyond the middle. Posterior wing dentated, the dentations long: crossed beyond
the middle by two macular bands of crowded carmine spots: the first band of six oval spots,
the first of which, near the costal margin is smaller, the last, at the anal angle, is larger
than the rest: the second band of five spots, three of which, nearest the anal angle, are
lunular.

Unpersib# as above, except that the carmine spots of the first band of the posterior wing
are smaller.

Exp. 33% inch. Hab. Nicaragua.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
Before I had received that sex, I believed this to be the female of P. Photinus of Doubleday ; I now see,

however, that it is very different. The carmine spots of the first band cross the wing in a double curve, and those
near the margin, instead of being triangularly lunate, are very slightly so.

PAPILIO PHILETAS. 35, 36.

P. Philetas, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 31, 1869.

Uprrrsipr. Male, dark green: the fringe with lunular white spots, broad and con-
spicuous on the posterior wing. Anterior wing crossed beyond the middle by a furcate band of
green-yellow spots, which commences in two places near the costal margin, and uniting at the
second disco-cellular nervule, is continued in five hastate spots to the anal angle. Posterior
wing with a submarginal band of pale green spots, the first of which at the costal margin is
linear.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing as above, except that there are two rays of green from the
base, that the spots of the band are much larger, and that the whole of the wing from the band
to the apex is irrorated with green. Posterior wing with the basal half thickly irrorated with
green, the nervures through it black: the outer half of the wing dark green, first marked by pale
green striae: crossed below these by a band of seven scarlet spots, with here and there between
them irrorations of white; these spots are surrounded with purple, and followed by a second
band of six yellow spots : the lunular spots on the margin broader than above. ‘The abdomen
white.

Female does not differ from the male, except in having the abdomen dark green.

Exp. 45% ch. Hab. Ecuador.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

It will be seen at once that this very beautiful species belongs to that section of Papilio which contains Belus
and Crassus.

U

PAPILIONID#®.—PAPILIO.

PAPILIO PHALACUS. 37.
P. Phalecus, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 32, 1869.

Uprersipr. Male, very dark green, apparently black out of a bright light, suffused with
purple towards the outer margin of the posterior wg: the fringe with white lunules, deeply
indented on the posterior wing, which has one broad tail. Both wings crossed beyond the middle
by a common band of white tinted with yellow, divided by the nervures, and so thickly
irrorated with black on the anterior wing and the lower part of the posterior wing, as to appear
grey: this band commences near the costal margin of the anterior wing by three spots, which
form a triangle: near the fifth spot on its inner border there is a small spot of the same colour
(more conspicuous in the female). Posterior wing with a submarginal band of six or seven
carmine lunular spots, some of which are scarcely visible.

Unpersipz as above, except that the carmine spots are more distinct.

Female does not differ from the male, except in its greater size.

Exp. 3585 inch. Hab. Ecuador.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.
Most nearly allied to P. Ascanius.

PAPILIO HIPPOCOON. 38, 39, 40, 41.

Papilio Hippocoon Fabricius Ent. Syst. III. p. 38.
P. Dionysos Doubleday § Hewitson, Gen. Diur, Lep. Plate 3, fig. 4.

I have figured the species of the plate in confirmation of an opinion expressed by Mr. Trimen, which I have
myself long held, that P. Hippocoon and P. Dionysos are one species, now confirmed beyond a doubt by the very
interesting intermediate varieties. Fig. 38 represents P. Hippocoon. Fig. 41, P. Dyonisos. Figs. 39 and 40, two
unnamed varieties. I cannot, at present, associate with them either P. Cenea, of Stoll, or P. Triphonius, of
Westwood, although the latter very much resembles them. Both of these species seem to me fitted for swifter
flight. That the butterflies now figured are all females there cannot, I think, be a doubt ; * but that they are the
females of P. Merope, as suggested by Mr. Trimen, I do not for one moment believe. P. Merope, of Madagascar,
has a female the exact image of itself; and it would require a stretch of the imagination of which I am incapable
to believe that the P. Merope of the mainland, having no specific difference, indulges in a whole harem of females,
differing as widely from it as any other species in the genus. The fact that P. Merope, when received from the Con-
tinent, is always of the male sex, and the Cenea groupe all females, is very slender evidence. We receive constantly
a large number of butterflies of which we know but one sex. Nearly all the many species of Catagramma are
without their females. That the male Merope has been seen chasing the female Cenea is evidence still more slight,
when butterflies of widely differing families, as recorded by Mr. Algernon Chapman, in the Entomological Magazine
for this month, may be discovered in copulation. It is true, that we have of late been introduced to some strange
anomalies in the sexes, but to none which bear comparison to this. In the orange-banded Epicalias, there is no
resemblance certainly between the male and female, either in colour or the arrangement of the spots ; but there is
no total disagreement in form. In the two species of Papilio which have lately been united, Torquatus and
Caudius, and Argentus and Torquatinus, though much unlike each other, there is quite sufficient resemblance not
to shock one’s notions of propriety. ;

Mr. Trimen, in the paper in the transactions of the Linnean Society in which he discusses this subject, and
details the biography of P. Merope, from its first creation in Madagascar to its subsequent wonderful polymorphosis
on the Continent, says that ‘‘ entomologists, no less than naturalists generally, appeared content with a child-like
wonder at this and kindred facts, and let them pass as things inscrutable,” until Mr. Darwin gave us a “ rational
explanation of these phenomena.” I must say, and I hope that I may do so without giving offence to any one, that [
prefer the child-like attitude of former naturalists to the childish guesses of those of the Darwinian school.

* Mr. Trimen, if I understand him right, gives this (may I call it a dream) as a supposition only. Mr, Bates, in his address as
President of the Entomological Society, speaks of it as an established fact.

Pp As Pet eOuN, Tes.

PAPILIO. XIII.

PAPILIO KIRBYI. 42.
Papilio Kirbyi. Hewitson. Ent. Mon. Mag., p. 146 (1872).

Uprrrsrpr. Male dark brown. Both wings crossed by a central, narrow, equal
band of white, commencing near the apex of the anterior wing, where it is straight,
by an isolated spot, and ending near the middle of the inner margin of the posterior
wing, where it is curved. Posterior wing with a long tail, white at the end: a
submarginal series of indistinct white linear spots.

UnpersiDE as above, except that the posterior wing has a black spot bordered
above with carmine near the costal margin above and touching the central band,
acarmine spot marked with black within and at the end of the cell, a spot of the
same colour below this, a lunular carmime spot bordered above with white at the

end of the central white band, and another spot of the same colour on the abdominal

margin.
Exp. 33 inch. Hab. Lagos.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species, so unlike anything African except the following, was kindly presented to my collec -

tion by Mr. George Semper, of Altona.

M
Published July 1st, 1873.]

PAPILIONIDM.—PAPILIO.

PAPILIO ILLYRIS. 43, 44.
Papilio Illyris. Hewitson. Ent. Mon. Mag., p. 232 (1878).

Uprrrsipe. Male dark brown. Both wings crossed, from the costal margin of
the anterior wing beyond the cell to near the inner margin of the posterior wing
before its middle, by an equal, continuous, pale yellow band, the nervures which
divide it scarcely seen. Posterior wing with a long tail: dentated and traversed by
a submarginal series of five green-yellow spots, the two spots nearest the base of the
tails large. .

UnpERSIDE as above, except that it is paler with the base of the anterior wing
and the inner margin of the posterior wing ochreous-yellow: that the posterior.
wing has a black spot bordered above with carmine near the costal margin above and
touching the central band: that there is a carmine spot marked with black at the end
of the cell and two linear carmine spots between it and the imner margin and that
it is crossed by a series of large black spots beyond the middle and by a submarginal

series of linear black spots irrorated with lilac-white.
Exp. 34 inch. Hab. Gold Coast. (Rogers.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

>
iy
4

PAPILIONID#.

PAPILIO. XIV.

PAPILIO CHARICLES. 45.

Upprrsipr. Female dark brown. Anterior wing semi-transparent brown-white,
palest below the median nervure: the margins, the base (which is marked by a trian-
gular carmine spot), longitudinal rays in the cell, the nervures and lines between them
dark brown. Posterior wing marked before the middle by five white spots—one
(the largest) in the cell, one between it and the costal margin, two between it and the
inner margin, and one (the fifth) below the cell: the inner margin (which is marked
by a black spot) and a series of six spots on the outer margin all dull carmine: the
outer margin dentate, deeply sinuated between the nervures; the tail spatulate, its
outer half white, tinted with carmine.

Unversipz as above, except that the posterior wing has four red spots at the
base and seven white spots before the middle.

Exp. 5 inches. Hab. Andaman Islands.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This singular species, although reminding one at first sight of P. Coon, is so like P. Memnon
(var. Achates, Cramer) that but for the long and narrow posterior wing it might easily be mistaken for
that species.

PAPILIO ANTONIO. 46.
Papilio Antonio, Semper MS.

Uppmrstpr. Male dark brown. Anterior wing with the costal margin much
curved: marked on the inner margin towards the anal angle by a triangular white
spot. Posterior wing with a broad spatulate tail: marked near the apex from the
costal margin to the third branch of the median nervure by a large white spot divided
by the nervures, which are of the same colour, into four parts, the smallest of which
is within the cell: the outer margin with lunular white spots between the nervures.

Unpers1nE as above, except that the anterior wing has longitudinal rays of white
in the cell, and that the nervures near the outer margin and lines between them, which

U
Published January 1st, 1875. }

PAPILIONIDZ.—PAPILIO.
are more distinct, are white: that the posterior wing has an oblong white spot at the
middle of the inner margin, and that it is crossed near the outer margin by a double
band connected at the nervures and thus forming a chain of oblong spots of the same
colour as the rest of the wing: the first band linear and pale blue, the second com-
posed of quadrate ochreous spots, ending at the anal angle in a cordate orange spot
marked by a spot of black.

Exp. 43 inch. Hab. Philippine Islands. (Mindanao, Semper.)
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

PAPILIO BIMACULATUS. 47.

Upprrsipr. Female dark brown, paler near the apex of the anterior wing.
Anterior wing with two central oval pale yellow spots. Posterior wing crossed trans-
versely before the middle by a broad hexafid band of carmine dentated on its outer
margin, bordered inwardly with orange, and a small spot of the same colour on the
costal margin irrorated with brown, the abdominal fold, touching the band, ochreous,
the lunular spots on the outer margin carmine.

UnprrsIDE as above, except that it is of a paler brown, and that the transverse
band of the posterior wing is almost white.

Exp. 3y7'9 inch. Hab. Ecuador. (Buckley.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

PAPILIONID &.

PAPILIO XV.

PAPILIO XYNIAS.
P. Xynias. Hewitson, Entom. Mon. Mag. 1875, page 153.

Upprrsipz. Male dark brown. Anterior wing with a large pale green bifid
square spot on the middle of the inner margin. Posterior wing dentate with a short
linear tail in continuation of the third median nervure: three (sometimes one or two
only) oval carmine spots between the inner margin and the third median nervure : a
submarginal series of four narrow lunular green spots.

UnprERSIDE as above except that there is a carmine spot at the base of the
anterior wing and three similar spots at the base of the posterior wing and that there
are five carmine spots on the posterior wing and nearer the outer margin.

Exp. 33% inch. Hab. Bolivia. (Buckley.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

PAPILIO MANGOURA.
P. Mangoura. Hewitson, Entom. Mon. Mag. 1875, page 226.

Upprrsipe black. Both wings crossed at the middle by a continuous grey-blue
band broadest at the middle, commencing at the costal margin of the anterior wing.
where it is furcate and ending near the anal angle of the posterior wing where it is

also furcate, its outer border dentate on the anterior wing, sinuate between each pair
GG
Published January 1st, 1877.]

PAPILIONIDA.——-PAPILIO XV.

of nervures on the posterior wing ; both wings spotted with white on the outer margins.
Anterior wing with a submarginal series of white spots some of which are tinted
with blue. Posterior wing tailed the end of the tail marked by a small white spot, a
small spot irrorated with white above the anal angle.

Exp. 3345 inch. Hab. Madagascar. (Crossley.)

In the Collection of Henley Grose Smith.

This species, although resembling the Nireus group in colour, comes next to P. Lalandi.

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PIERID &.
PIERIS I.

PIERIS AGOSTINA. 1, 2.

UprersIDE cream colour, posterior wing more tinted than the other. Anterior
wing with the costal margin grey. The apex, to beyond the middle of the outer mar-
gin, black, marked with a row of five white spots. Posterior wing with the border of the
underside seen through.

Unversipe. Anterior wing with all the nervures broadly black. Posterior wing
of a rich orange yellow, with a submarginal line of black and marginal spots of the same
colour.

Expan. 2-% in. Hab. East India.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This beautiful butterfly is nearly allied to P. Eucharis of Drury and Cramer.

PIERIS NERA. 3, 4.

Urrersipe. Anterior wing cream-colour, the apex, to below the middle of the outer
margin, black. ‘The mner margin of the black dentated. Posterior wing greenish yellow
with triangular spots of black on the outer margin, largest near the anal angle.

Unversipg. Anterior wing with the black of the apex marked with several linear
spots of dirty white. Posterior wing with a spot at the end of the cell, two spots on
the upper margin, and a broad outer margin brown. The outer margin marked with
four arrow-headed spots.

Exp. 2% in. Hab. Quito.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Pieris Nera is most nearly allied to P. Hirlanda of Stoll,and P. Helvia of Humboldt and Bonpland’s
work, which I believe to be one and the same species. In the marking of the underside it is like P.
Gidica of Godart.

PIERIS MALENKA. 5, 6.

UprersivE cream colour. Anterior wing with the costal margin black. The apex
black to the middle of the outer margin, the inner margin of the black deeply sinuated
below the middle. Posterior wing with a narrow black line round the outer margin.
The marks of the underside seen through.

PIERIDH—PIERIS.

UnversdE white. The anterior wing as above. The posterior wing with a narrow
band of black from the base to the middle of the upper margin followed by a band of
yellow, and again by a broader band of black which encloses an oval yellow spot near
the apex. The middle of the wing crossed transversely from the inner margin to a little
beyond the centre by bands of orange and black. The outer margin with a large spot
at the anal angle and two triangular spots near the middle light brown.

Fema.e. Uprersipe. Anterior wing black with a band of orange on the inner margin
from the base to the anal angle; a second band of orange from the base to the centre of the
wing, and between it and the outer margin two spots of orange-yellow ; a third irregular
band of yellow obliquely across the wing beyond the middle. The apex rufous. Pos-
terior wing orange, with two transverse bands, and the outer margin (which is deeply
dentated on its inner side) black.

UNDERSIDE as above.

ni f 5 Ee 9.6 4; a y, 9
Exp. 6 2% 9 2% in. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

Pieris Malenka is nearly allied to P. Pyrrha. The males are alike, except in size. The females,
which are totally unlike the males in form as well as in colour (resembling the Heliconide), differ con-
siderably from each other.

PIERIS LORENA. 7.

UprersipE white. Anterior wing with the apical half black, the black crossed obliquely
in the middle by a band of white. Costal margin black. Posterior wing with the outer
margin and a large triangular spot upon it at the anal angle black.

UnpersipE. Anterior wing as above. Posterior wing with the costal margin at
the base black, crossed a little below the base’ by a transverse band of black, broad near
the base, where it is marked by a band of orange, but gradually becoming narrower
towards the anal angle, where it is forked and incloses an oval spot of white. The
triangular spot of the upperside is here much larger.

Exp. 2. Hab. Quito.

Tn the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

The only specimen of this remarkable butterfly which I have seen is the one in my own Collection.
Tt is most nearly allied to P. Pyrrha and P. Melenka.

PoE Deas.
PIERIS II.

PIERIS PALLENE. 8, 9.

UpperrsipE silky-white, slightly tinted with lilac. Anterior wing with the
base light yellow, the costal margin lilac, the apex and outer margin black its
innerside deeply sinuated and dentated.

Unprersipe. Anterior wing with the base yellow, the costal margin black,
and a large triangular spot of black near to, but below, the apex. Posterior wing
with four minute spots half way between the lower end of the cell and the onter
margin.

Expan. 15% inch. Hab. Australia.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Nearly allied to P. Aripa of Boisduval.

PIERIS PADUSA. 10, 11.

UprrrsipE white, the base of the anterior wing and the outer margin of
the posterior tinted with yellow. Anterior wing with the costal margin lilac, the
apex and outer margin black its imnerside deeply sinuated and dentated.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing with the base yellow, the costal margin slightly
brown, and a square black spot near the apex.

Expan. 1485 in. Hab. Australia.

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

PIERIS PARTHIA. 12, 13.

Upprersipe white. Anterior wing slightly tinted with yellow darkest at the
base, the costal margin brown, the apex and outer margin black its inner edge
deeply smuated and dentated. Posterior wing tinted with lilac and yellow.

Unpersipr with the base yellow, the costal margin and the apex light rutous-
brown, where black above. Posterior wing rufous-brown, undulated throughout
by fine transverse lines of white, crossed below the middle by an irregular indis-
tinct band of darker colour.

Expan. 13% in. Hab. Australia.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Some examples are without the lower part of the black margin of the anterior wing and

others have much less colour on the underside of the posterior wing.
L

PIERIDZ— PIERIS.

PIERIS PANDOSIA. 14.

Uprerstpe white, the outer margin broadly bordered with black its imner
edge deeply sinuated on the anterior wing. Anterior wing with the costal margin,
from the base to the middle, broadly brown.

UnpmrsIpDE as above, except that there is a white le through the brown
at the base of the anterior wing, and a rufous line through the black margin of
the posterior wing.

Expan. 1q% m. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

Nearly allied to P. Marana of Doubleday, and P. Calydonia of Boisduval.

PIERIS PELORIA. 15, 16.

Upprrsipg white, slightly tinted with yellow, the body and the base of the
wings very black. Anterior wing with the costal margin and the nervures
broadly brown. Posterior wing with nervures black, the nervules tinted with
hlac, the end of each marked with a large spot of brown upon the outer margin.

Unperstpr the same, except that the posterior wimg is yellow, the nervules
broadly brown, and that the base is marked with orange.

Expan. 144 in. Hab. Chinese Tartary.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This species, except that the nervures are different in their arrangement, and the antennz
longer, has more the appearance of a Parnassius than of a Pieris, and would probably be more
naturally placed in that genus. It is at any rate an admirable link by which to connect the two
genera. It flies at a great elevation on the mountains of Chinese Tartary.

ee cane
oe is aw

Beh Ev LP Dez.

PIERIS. III.

PIERIS CARDENA. 17, 18.

Uprrrsipe white. Anterior wing, with the apical half black deeply indented
inwardly ; one of the indentations inclosed so as to form a cordate spot. A band of
three white spots across the apex. Posterior wing with black hastate marks on the
outer margin at the termination of the nervures ; connected and forming a continuous
band near the anal angle.

Unpersipe. Anterior wing as above, except that the apex, beyond the band of
white spots, is grey. Posterior wing yellow; the nervures distinct and black ; the
outer margin broadly grey, bordered inwardly by a zigzag black line.

Expan. 2345 in. Hab. Borneo.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

PIERIS TEMENA. 19.

Urrrrsipr. Male white. The nervures and base of the wings grey. Anterior
wing, with the apex, the costal margin near it, the outer margin to the anal angle, and
the nervures as they approach the outer margin, black. Posterior wing near the outer
margin broadly grey. The margin and the nervures near it black.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing black, with numerous white spots. Two longitudinal
spots from the base to the middle, a small spot between them and the inner margin
grey. A band of three oblong spots near the costal margin beyond the middle, and a
submarginal band of seven spots (the middle one minute) ; those near the apex yellow,
the others white. Posterior wing orange-yellow. The costal margin at its base
yellow. An oblong spot of carmine near the costal margin, from its base to beyond
its middle, bordered with grey; the outer margin broadly black, dentated inwardly,
traversed by a band of orange-yellow spots.

Expan. 2,44 in. Hab. Lombock.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.
ine AN | see os

PIERIDH—PIERIS.

PIERIS ARUNA. 20, 21, 22.

& Pieris Aruna, Boisd.

eras Bac ate! Faune de V Ocean Pacific.

Uprersipe. Male bright orange. Anterior wing, with the costal margin, the
apex (broadly), the outer margin to the anal angle nearly, and the nervures where
they touch it, black. Posterior wing, with the outer margin and the nervures as they
approach it, black.

Unpersive black. Anterior wing with an indistinct spot of white at the end of
the cell. Irrorated with white near the inner margin. Posterior wing purple-black,
the base yellow. A small spot near the base, and a large one towards the middle,
scarlet.

Female black. The base of the wings (on the posterior wing, nearly to the
middle) light yellow. Anterior wing with a quadrate white spot chiefly within the
cell. Underside with the anterior wing as above, except that the base is black, and
there is a transverse band of very indistinct white spots beyond the middle. Posterior
wing as in the male, except that the large central spot is yellow.

Expan. 3,9 in. Hab. New Guinea.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and A. R. Wallace.

The very beautiful examples from which the figures in the Plate are copied, have been kindly lent
me from the Collection of Mr. Wallace.

Bs by

th 1861

PIE.RIS
PIERISs

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CYCINNA
OCINA

9

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Printed by Hiurllmandel & Walton

28 PIERIS ELIADA

S50: PIERIS” CEES TENA

PPE Reb DX.

RIERIS, LY,

PIERIS CONCINNA. 23, 26.

Urrrrstpp. Male glaucous. Both wings with the outer margins black ;
broadest on the anterior wing and dentated inwardly. Anterior wing with the costal
margin near the apex also black.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing light green-yellow, clouded, the outer margin
broadly brown. Posterior wing bright yellow, the outer margin brown.

Expan. 23 in. Hab. New Guinea.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

PIERIS OCINA. 24, 25.

Uprersipz. Female white. The outer margins black. Anterior wing with the

outer margin broadly black. The costal margin near the base grey, towards the apex
black.

Unprrsipr. Anterior wing as above, but slightly tinted with yellow. The
posterior wing bright orange.

Expan. 24m. Hab. New Guinea.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

It is very probable that this butterfly, which I have preferred at present to consider as a distinct
species, is the female of P. Concinna. The only reason for not placing it in that position is that the
colour of the underside is much more vivid, a character not in accordance with the female of any other
species of Pieris with which I am acquainted.

? 3M
oY Lit

PIERID®—PIERIS.

PIERIS ELIADA. 27, 28.

Uprersipr. Male glaucous. The base of the anterior wing and the whole sur-
face of the posterior wing irrorated with black. Anterior wing with the outer
margin narrowly bordered with black. Posterior wing with a minute black spot at
the end of each nervure where it touches the outer margin.

Unversipr. Anterior wing grey-green, the apex and part of the outer margin
yellow. Posterior wing yellow.

Expan. 2in. Hab. Batchian.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This is probably the male of Cramer’s P. Liberia, but for the reason which I have stated above I
have preferred to keep it distinct for the present. Mr. Wallace, on his return home, will very likely be
able to decide the question.

PIERIS CELESTINA. 29, 30.
Pieris Celestina. Boisd. Faune del Oceanie, p. 46. Species Gen. p. 484.

Uprrrsipre. Female grey-blue. Anterior wing with the apex and part of the
outer margin black dentated inwardly and preceded by three or four black spots ; the
nervures connecting the said spots with the outer margin also black. Posterior wing
with the outer margin spotted with black at the end of the nervures between the apex
and the middle of the wing.

Unpersipr pink-white. The base of the anterior wing, and the abdominal fold
of the posterior wing yellow. Both wings crossed beyond the middle by an indistinct
band of grey-brown. Posterior wing with the base of the costal margin orange.

Expan. 3 in. Hab. New Guinea.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

Dr. Felder, in his “ Lepidopterorum Amboinensium,” has described another species closely allied
to those of the plate, but with the underside of the posterior wing of a uniform brown.

Pal EigRal D AE.

PIERIS. V.

PIERIS THEMIS. 31, 32.
Pieris Themis. Boisd. MS.

Uprrrstpe. Male white. The apical half of the anterior wing, and the outer
margin of the posterior wing broadly black—intersected with ill-defined, indistinct,
oval white spots. Anterior wing with the costal margin dark grey.

UnpersIDE as above, except that the black of the margins is much more defined,
and the white submarginal spots large and distinct in thei outline. That the
anterior wing has, besides, a spot of white within the others; that the posterior wing
is of a bright yellow, and that the oval spot nearest the apex is slightly tinted with
yellow.

Expan. 3 in. Hab. Philippine Islands.
In the Collections of W. C. Hewitson and Dr. Boisduval.

PIERIS NEPHELE. 33.
Pieris Nephee. Boisd. MS.

Uprrrsipe. Male. Anterior wing white with its inner margin yellow. The
costal and outer margins broadly black, marked near the apex with an oblong white
spot. Posterior wing orange-yellow with the outer margin broadly black.

UnnersIbE as above, except that the margins are paler, and the spot at the apex
of the anterior wing yellow.

Female differs from the male greatly in the form of the anterior wing. On the
upperside both wings are white with the outer margins very broadly black; the
nervures where they join the margin also black. On the underside it does not differ
from the male in colour; the spot near the apex of the anterior wing is larger and
bifid. Both wings have some submarginal spots of grey-white.

Expan. 23% im. Hab. Philippine Islands.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

PIERIDEHZ—PIERIS.

PIERIS DURIS. 34.

Urrrrsipe. Male white, anterior wing with the costal and outer margins
narrowly bordered with black except at the apex, where it is wider. Posterior wing
with the outer margin slightly black.

Unpersipr black. Anterior wing with the base and a band near the apex
(divided into five by the nervures) yellow irrorated with black. Posterior wing with
the centre red-brown, an oval spot of scarlet near the base, and a zig-zag band of
brick-red parallel to the outer margin.

Expan. 3in. Hab. Ceram.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

PIERIS ECHIDNA. 35, 36.

Urrrrsipr. Male white. Anterior wing with the costal margin black, the
outer margin black dentated inwardly at the apex. Posterior wing with the outer
margin black bordered inwardly with grey.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing with the basal half grey, the cell tinted with
yellow. The outer half black with a spot of white near the costal margin beyond
the middle, and a band of bright yellow near the apex divided into five by the
nervures which are black. Posterior wing green-yellow, the outer margin broadly

black traversed by a zig-zag band of bright yellow divided into seven by the
nervures.

Expan. 2385 in. Hab. Ceram.
Tn the Collection of A. R. Wallace.

A a

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4
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Printed by Hulkmandel & Waltor

WiC Hewitson, del et ith. 186

PIERIS PANDOSIA 435 4A

Pal Bake Dw:
PIERIS. VI.

PIERIS NAMA, var. 37.

P. Nama. Doubl. Gen. Diur. Lep. p. 46. Horsf. § Moore, Cat. Lep. BE. I. (Of
Museum, p. 76.

Uprersipr. Male cream-colour. Anterior wing with the apex from the middle
of the costal margin to the anal angle nearly of the outer margin black, sinuated
between each pair of nervures. Posterior wing with the outer margin grey, the
termination of each of the nervures near the apex black.

Unpersipe. Anterior wing white, the costal margin and apex broadly
green, crossed near the apex by three or four spots of lighter green ; the nervures,
the outer margin and a spot between the second and third median nervules, grey.
Posterior wing pale green, the nervures, a transverse indistinct band beyond the
middle and the outer margin darker: crossed longitudinally from the base to near the
outer margin by a band of green-white; some indistinct spots of the same colour
parallel to, and not far from, the outer margin.

Expan. 236 im. Hab. Sylhet.

Variety fig. 37. Differs in having the outer half of the anterior wing on the
upperside black, and the posterior wing on the underside crossed transversely before
the middle by a band of brown. The longitudinal band is also absent.

Expan. 275 in. Hab. Neilgherries.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. ©. Hewitson.

PIERIS POLISMA. 38.
Uprrrsipge white. Anterior wing with the apex broadly black; traversed by
a longitudinal white line, and dentated inwardly.
Unpersipe white, with the costal margin of both wings pale yellow. Anterior
wing crossed obliquely by an indistinct band of black.
Expan. 2355 in. Hab. Celebes.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

PIERID®.— PIERIS.

PIERIS PANDOSIA. 39.
P. Pandosia. Hewitson, Kx. But. Vol. 1. Pieris, f. 14.

PIERIS PISONIS. 40, 41.

UprrersipE. Male green-white. Anterior wing with the costal and outer
margins black ; the apex broadly black, crossed obliquely by a band of white. Pos-
terior wing, with the costal margm from its middle, and the outer margin, broadly
black.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that the anterior wing has a band of white spots
near the outer margin, and that there is a band of brown near the costal margin of
the posterior wing, marked near the apex by a rufous band which traverses the whole
of the outer margin.

Female as in the male, except that the margins are broader, and that the inner
margin of the anterior wing and the whole costal margin of the posterior wing are
brown.

Expan. 23°5 in. Hab. Amazon and Bogota.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

PIERIS MARANA. 42.
P. Marana. Doubl. Annls. Nat. His. XIV. 421.

I have figured this species and the underside of P. Pandosia to point out the distinctions of three
closely-allied species.

PIERIS CAISIA. 843, 44.
¢ P. Cesia. Lucas, Rev. §& Mag. Zool. No. 3. 1852.

Uprrersipr. Male grey-blue. Anterior wing from the inner margin to the
middle grey-blue, marked with a large trifid white spot; the costal and outer margin
and the apex broadly black, marked before the apex by a bifid white spot. Posterior
wing with the outer margin black.

Unprrsipr. Anterior wing as above, except that the grey is absent, that the large
white spot extends to the base and inner margin, and that the apex is green.
Posterior wing bright green-yellow, the nervures, lines between them and a line which
passes longitudinally through the cell, black.

Expan. 23'5 in. Hab. Quito.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

ke ly Di AR.

PIERIS. VII.

PIERIS LAETA. 465, 46.

Urprrsipe. Male, white: anterior wing with the nervures, the apex (broadly),
and the outer margin (which is deeply sinuated on its inner border) black ; posterior
wing cream-colour with the outer margin black.

Unpersipe. Anterior wing black: the base of the costal margin and an oblong
spot within the cell grey and green: the mner margin white: a bifid pale yellow spot
on the costal margin beyond the middle: the apex crossed by a broad triangular band
of very bright yellow divided into six by the nervures. Posterior wing brilliant yellow ;
a band of scarlet bordered on both sides with black from the base of the wing to the
middle of the costal margin: a band of six scarlet spots near the outer margin sepa-
rated by short black bands at the termination of the nervures: some of these spots
inclosed above by a delicate black line.

Expan. 2 in. Hab. Timor.

In the Collection of A. R. Wallace.

PIERIS TIMNATHA. 47, 48.

UprrrsipvE. Male, anterior wing black ; the costal margin to beyond the middle,
the cell, three small spots beyond the cell, a large trifid space below the median nervure
(irrorated with grey towards the inner margin), and a submarginal band of eight spots
(two of them irrorated with grey), all white. Posterior wing grey irrorated with
black: the nervures below the middle and lines between them black: the cell, a spot

near it, and two spots lower down towards the apex, white.

oA (4b

PIERIDZ—PIERIS.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing as above, except that the white spots are larger and
that two of them near the apex are pale yellow. Posterior wing yellow tinted with
orange, partly white beyond the cell, intersected by dark brown nervures: the outer
margin broadly brown, traversed by a band of seven pale yellow spots.

Expan. 24% in. Hab. Tondano.

In the Collection of A. R. Wallace.

This species is closely allied to P. Aspasia of Stoll; on its underside it scarcely differs from the
female of that species.

PIERIS ZEBUDA. 49, 50.

Uprrrsips. Male, white; anterior wing elongated at the apex as in P. Thestylis
and Nero, with the costal margin, the apex (broadly), and the outer margin to nearly
the anal angle, dark grey: the nervures black where they join the outer margin. Pos-
terior wing with the outer margin of a paler grey.

Unpersipe. Anterior wing from the base nearly to the middle (except the
centre of the cell which is black) light grey and green, followed by dark brown paler
towards the apex and crossed by a curved band of seven oblong pale yellow and white
spots: at the end of the cell an oblique oblong white spot. Posterior wing orange-
yellow; the base and the costal and outer margins dark brown: a submarginal band
of six yellow spots: an oblong scarlet spot at the base of the costal margin.

Female, upperside grey- or green-brown; both wings with a white spot at the
end of the cell, both crossed near the outer margin by a curved band of six indistinct
grey- or green-white spots. Underside as in the male, except that there is no grey at
the base of the anterior wing, and that the centre of the posterior wing is yellow,
deeply intersected outwardly with black.

Expan. 84 in. Hab. Menado.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hevwitson.

This species bears so close a resemblance to P. Descombesi that, were it not for the elongated fore
wings, I might have hesitated to describe it as a new species.

Very

2 «@

5

2
RR

PIERID.
PIERIS VIII. AND ANTHOCHARIS.

PIERIS ERASTUS. 51.

UppersidrE pale yellow. Anterior wing, with the costal margin irrorated with
brown; the outer margin (especially near the apex) broadly brown, its inner border
deeply sinuated twice below the middle. Posterior wing, with an oblong spot at the
apex, and below it four large round spots, brown.

Unpersipr paler than above. Anterior wing with the base orange. Both
wings with marginal spots of dark brown, each intersected by a line of pale yellow ;
six spots on each wing.

Expan. 1,8; inch. Hab. Gaboon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

PIERIS BERNICE. 52, 53.

Upprrsipr. Male, white. Anterior wing with the base and costal margin, to its
middle, orange ; apex and outer margin, to below the middle, brown, with its inner
border sinuated twice, followed near the anal angle by two brown spots. Posterior
wing with six marginal round spots of brown.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing white tinted with yellow near the apex, the base
orange, as above. Posterior wing pale yellow. Both wings with small marginal brown
spots; seven on the anterior wing, six on the posterior wing.

Female, above grey-brown, darkest near the margin ; both wings with marginal
brown spots. It scarcely differs from the male below.

Expan. 2325 inch. Hab. Gaboon.
Tn the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

PIERIS CYNIS. 54.

Uprrrsipn white. Anterior wing with the costal margin to near its middle
irrorated with brown; the costal margin from its middle, the apex, and outer margin,
brown ; its inner border three times sinuated. Posterior wing slightly spotted with
brown on the margin.

J

PIERIDEH—PIERIS AND ANTHOCHARIS.

Unpersipe as above, except that the apex of the anterior wing is irrorated with
grey ; the margin of the posterior wing spotless.

Expan. 23% inch. Hab. Sumatra.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

PIERIS POLISMA. ¢
Male, Hewitson’s Exotic Butterflies, Vol. II. Pl. VIL. fig. 38.

Uprersipg. Female, white. Anterior wing with the costal margin irrorated
with brown from the base to the middle, the base broadly brown trifid ; the apex and
outer margin broadly brown, the inner border dentated. Posterior wing with large
brown spots on the outer margin.

Unprrsipr. Anterior wing as above, except that the base is pale grey, and the
apex pale rufous-brown. Posterior wing pale yellow, slightly clouded with brown
towards the outer margin.

Expan. 23/5 inch.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

ANTHOCHARIS AMINA. 1, 2, 3.

Uprzrsipe. Male, white tinted with yellow on its basal half. Both wings
with a marginal band of yellow spots. Anterior wing, with the apical half carmine,
crossed by a curved line of black, and bordered inwardly by the same colour.
Posterior wing with the outer margin brown.

Unpersipz yellow. Anterior wing white, the base orange, a minute black spot
at the end of the cell; the apex yellow crossed by the curved band as above which
incloses a spot of carmine; the nervures, and a submarginal band which crosses them,
brown. Posterior wing crossed by three rufous-brown bands ; one near the base, the
second (broken into three parts) at the middle, and the third near the costal margin ;
the ends of the nurvures between the last band and the margin also rufous-brown.

Female like the male, except that the apical half of the anterior wing is dark
brown, marked by three pale yellow spots, and that the brown outer margin of the
posterior wing is broader. On the underside there is no difference.

Expan. 1°5 inch. Hab. Zambesi.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.”

I do not feel sure that I have done right in placing this beautiful species where in colour it is

most in harmony. It ought, perhaps, to stand next to Pieris Gidica, but I must confess myself unable
to find any characters by which, in cases of doubt, to separate Anthocharis from Pieris.

PIERID &.

EUTERPE.

EUTERPE TELTHUSA. 1. 3.

Uprrrsipr. Male black. Anterior wing with a large spot of grey and white
between the median nervure and the inner margin. Crossed beyond the middle by a
band of five pale yellow spots ; two or three small grey spots near the apex. Posterior
wing from its base to nearly the middle, and some lunular spots on the outer margin,
grey.

UnpersipE. Anterior wing as above, except that there are no spots near the
apex, and that the other spots are more distinct. Posterior wing dark brown; the
base of the costal margin, and a round spot near it, scarlet ; an oblong spot of yellow
(forming one with the spot of the anterior wing) on the costal margin.

Expan. 2;% in. Hab. Peru (Upper Amazon).

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Nearly allied to E. Antodyca, and E. Swainsonii.

EUTERPE TELLANE. 2. 4.

Upprrsipe black; the basal half of both wigs yellow. Anterior wimg, from the
base (which is clouded with light brown) to beyond the middle (except the costal
and outer margins), yellow. A bifid spot beyond it, a small spot on the costal margin,
and a row of small spots near the outer margin yellow. Posterior wing from the base
to beyond the middle, yellow, clouded at the base and anal angle. The apex with two
small yellow spots.

y oT

Y AL

PIERID®—EUTERPE.

Unperstbz as above, except that the anterior wing is rufous near the apex ; that
the yellow at the base is extended in a triangular form to the costal margin, and that
the spot on the costal margin and the bifid yellow spot form one; that the posterior
wing has two scarlet spots and a rufous patch at the base, and that the outer half is
rufous, where black above.

Expan. 23in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

Nearly allied to E. Dysoni, but differs from it in the marking of the underside, as well as in the
yellow colouring of the upperside. It may, however, be only a variety of that species.

EUTERPE TEUTAMIS. 5. 6.

Uppersipe, with the basal half of the wing grey or white, the rest black.
Anterior wing, from the base to beyond the middle (except the costal margin and
nervures, which are black), white, clouded with grey at the base. ‘The remainder
black, crossed near the outer margin by a band of narrow white spots. Posterior
wing, from the base to beyond the middle, grey-white, dentated at the margin ; the
remainder of the wing black.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing as above, except that it is brown instead of black ;
rufous at the base; and that the spots of the band are yellow, with between each of
them and the outer margim a linear yellow spot. Posterior wing brown, with two
scarlet spots at the base ; a spot on the costal margin, three or four linear spots near
the inner margin, and a transverse band of small linear spots beyond the middle, with
lear spots below each upon the outer margin, as on the anterior wing, all yellow.

Expan. 23 in. Hab. Peru (Upper Amazon).

2

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

Pe El ala el BI Oe

EUTERPE IL.

KUTERPE TEUTAMIS. ¢ 7, 8.
Euterpe Epimene, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 154, 1870.

Uprersipe. Female, dark brown. Anterior wing crossed obliquely at the
middle by a broad band of scarlet divided into three parts (one in the cell) by the
nervures. Posterior wing paler brown towards the inner margin.

Unpersmpz. As above, except that the anterior wing has two yellow spots
before the apex and a marginal series of spots of the same colour; that the posterior
wing has two carmine spots at the base : four spots near the base of the costal margin,
two linear spots near the inner margin, and a submarginal and marginal series of
spots, all yellow.

Exp. 23% inch. Hab. Ecuador. (St. Joaquim, Villagomes.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

I did not venture at first, from their great dissimilarity, to place this as the female of H. Teutamis.
I have now little hesitation in doing so, and hope one day to see the female of . Ctemene, which will
no doubt be similar.

EUTERPE EURIGANIA. 9, 10.
Euterpe Eurigania, Hewitson. Equat. Lep. Supplement, p. 78, 1870.

UprrrsipE. Male, pale yellow. Anterior wing with the base, the costal margin,
the apex (where it occupies half the wing and is crossed by two or three yellow spots)
and the outer margin dark brown: the inner border of the brown sinuated four times
where it meets the central yellow, which, together with black nervures, it divides into
four parts, one of which is within the cell. Posterior wing with the outer margin
(which is marked by a series of yellow triangular spots) the nervures near it and at
the base dark brown.

Unpersipe rufous-brown. Anterior wing as above, except that there is a fourth
minute spot in the subapical band, three large spots at the apex, and a marginal
series of hastate spots all pale yellow. Posterior wing with the basal half yellow,
divided by the nervures, a line in the cell, and a line near the submedian nervure into
eleven or twelve parts: the base itself brown marked by four spots three of which are
linear: a series of hastate spots on the outer margin and at the point of each a
conical spot all yellow: two minute spots of the same colour above the anal angle.

Exp. 1485 inch. Hab. Ecuador. (St. Ines, Buckley.)

A specimen of this species given me by the late Dr. Carden is of a darker yellow and has the
outer margin of the posterior wing much broader with a marginal series of indistinct yellow spots.

Published 1st April, 1872.

PIERIDA.—EUTERPE.

EUTERPE CTEMENE. 11, 12.
Euterpe Ctemene, Hewitson. Equat. Lep. p. 3, 1869.

Uprrrsipr. Male, white. Anterior wing with the base broadly brown irrorated
with white: the costal margin (which is marked by a bifid white spot at the end of
the cell) and the apical third (which is traversed by a straight band of six white spots
sometimes scarcely visible, and has its inner border straight) all dark brown. Posterior
wing with the base irrorated with brown, the nervures at their base and towards the
outer margin black: the outer margin with large brown spots.

UnpersipeE rufous-brown. Anterior wing as above, except that there is a white
and yellow spot near the apex, and rays of yellow from the outer margin between the
nervures. Posterior wing with two small spots at the base, a longitudinal line in the
cell, a pair of minute spots at the end of the cell, and rays from the outer margin
between the nervures, all yellow: three rather large spots near the base (one partly
yellow) and spots in pairs between the marginal rays, all lilac-white.

Exp. 2 inch. Hab. Ecuador. (Rio Ashpiyaco, Buckley.)

In the Collections of W. C. Hewitson and W. W. Saunders.

EUTERPE ANAITIS. 18, 14, 15.
Huterpe Anaitis, Hewitson. Equat. Lep. p. 3, 1869.

Uprrrsipe. Female, black. Both wings with a submarginal series of indistinct
white spots scarcely visible on the posterior wing. Anterior wing with a white spot
in the cell, and a transverse band near the middle which commences at the costal
margin by four small spots and afterwards becomes very broad as it approaches
the inner margin and is divided by broad black nervures. Posterior wing with the
basal half yellow (the base itself irrorated with brown), divided by black nervures.

UnperstpeE as above, except that the anterior wing has hastate rays of yellow
from the outer margin, each with a large white lunular spot at its point, and that
the posterior wing has the base dark brown marked by four yellow spots, a submar-
ginal series of very large sagittate lilac-white and yellow spots, and a marginal
series of triangular spots of yellow. ;

Male differs from the female in having the portion which is white or yellow
irrorated with brown.

Exp. 23% mch. Hab. Ecuador. (Rio Topo, Buckley.)

In the Collections of W. C. Hewitson and W. W. Saunders

WC Hewitson del et lith Printed by Hidbnandel & Walton.

LEPTALIS THEONOE. 3.4. LEPTALIS LYSINOE

678, LEPTALIS THEUCHARILA Doubleday

PE LER LD Aa
EUTERPE. Swainson.

EUTERPE EURYTELE. 1.

Uprzrsipe black, with numerous yellow spots. Anterior wing with the whole
space between the immer margin and the first median nervule from the base to near
the anal angle, and an oblong spot from the base to the middle of the cell, brick-red.
A curved spot across the cell, followed by two curved transverse macular bands; the
first, beyond the middle, composed of five large irregular oblong spots, the other,
near the outer margin, of seven smaller spots, all yellow. Posterior wing brick-red,
the costal and outer margins and the median nervure broadly black, a small spot at
the base and a submarginal row of six small spots, yellow.

UnpersIbE as above, except that the yellow spots are larger.

Expan. 23% i. Hab. Quito.

In the Collection of W.C. Hewitson.

This species is especially interesting, from its great similarity in colouring to the neighbouring
genus of Leptalis.

LEPTALIS. Dalnan.
LEPTALIS THEONOE. 2, 5.

Uprersipe. Male. Anterior wing purple-black, with four white spots, the
first, at the base, oblong, tinted with purple on its upper edge; the second, on the
middle of the costal margin, nearly square; the third, half way between it and the
outer margin, oblong, and tinted with purple ; the fourth, oval and transverse between
the last two and the apex. Posterior wing white, tinted with purple, the nervures
black, the outer margin broadly bordered with claret, the upper edge of which is
black.

Unpersipe white, tinted with purple. Anterior wing with the apex broadly
rufous, its margin black, with a row of six small white spots; two black spots upon
the costal margin. Posterior wing with a circular black line parallel to the costal
and outer margins from the base to the anal angle, met obliquely by another black
line from the middle of the costal margin; the outer margin black, traversed by a
line of white, except at the apex, where it is marked with three oblong spots. ‘The
space between the outer margin and the circular black line first described is orange.

Expan. 23%; im. Hab. Amazon.
In the Collection of the British Museum.

LEPTALIS LYSINOE. 3, 4.

Urrersipe. Male black. Anterior wing tinted with purple chiefly towards the

base, with four white spots; the first, near the base, minute and triangular; the
N

PIERIDA—EUTERPE.

second, near the middle of the costal margin, nearly square; the third, half way
between it and the inner margin, oblong, minute; the fourth, across the apex large
and oblong. Posterior wing black, with the costal margin broadly white and glossy,
a broad band of orange parallel to the outer margin from the anal angle to beyond the
middle of the wing.

Unperstpg. Anterior wing as above, except that the first and third spots de-
scribed above form part of a broad white glossy inner margin; that there is an
indistinct line near the base and spot uear the apex, rufous, and a submarginal row
of seven minute white spots. Posterior wing black, the centre transparent, two lines
at the base near the costal margin, and a broad band parallel to the mer and outer
margins orange, two spots near the costal margin, and three smaller ones at the apex,
white.

Expan. 138; in. Hab. Amazon.

Tn the Collection of Mr. Bates.

This and the last described species are much alike; they, together with L. Methymna and
Eumelia, bear a very close analogical resemblance to some of the Ithomias. LL. Methymna and
Eumelia are so like Ithomia Eurimedia and some other species, that at first sight it requires an
experienced eye to tell the difference, whilst on the underside, the species in the plate, L. Theonoe and
Lysinoe, seem to imitate Ithomia Egra and Flora in their beautiful colouring.

LEPTALIS THEUCHARILA. 6, 7, 8.
L. Theucharila. Doubleday—Annals of Nat. Hist. N. S. I. 123.

Upperstipr. Male. Anterior wing black, with four spots; the first, at the
base, oblong and orange; the second, on the middle of the costal margin, nearly
square ; the third, half way between it and the anal angle, round; the fourth, across
the apex, oblong; all yellow; the apex with two or three indistinct minute white
spots. Posterior wing orange, the nervures black, the costal margin broadly of a
pearly white, the outer margin, and a band parallel to it, from near the anal angle,
and united to it at its middle, black.

Unprrsipg. Anterior wing as above, except that the first and third spots form
part of a broad glossy inner margin; that there is a rufous line at the base, and a row
of six white spots at the apex. Posterior wing orange, with a line passing through
the cell from the base to the outer margin, and a second and a shorter one parallel to
the outer margin, black; the outer margin black, with six spots of white, largest at
the apex; the costal margin clouded, and marked with two large spots of orange-
yellow.

Femaxe differs from the male on the upperside in having the first and third spots
of the anterior wing much larger, in having the glossy white margin of the postertor
wing replaced by black, marked with a small orange spot.

Unprrsipn. ‘The first and third spots run together, and occupy most of the
space which is glossy and white in the male.

Expan. 6 1,9; 2 158; Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

Le yt eos WB D2
EP PATS wi.

LEPTALIS RHETES. 9.
LI. Rhetes, Boisduval Mss.

Uprrrsipe. Male black. Anterior wing with a large oblong trifid lilac spot
from the base of the wing to the base of the second median nervule, and a second
oblong spot of the same colour touching the inner side of the third median nervule.
Seven spots of white; one on the costal margin before the middle; two (one bifid)
obliquely across at the middle (the last tinted with lilac and touching the second lilac
spot described above) and a curved band of four spots before the apex (one on the
costal margin bifid). Posterior wing with a central longitudinal band of lilac-white
from the base to the apex, divided towards the apex into three separate oblong spots.

The costal margin rufous.

Unpersipr rufous where black above. Posterior wing with two longitudinal
black spots in the cell, and one of the same colour at the middle of the costal margin.
Both wings with two small white spots near the apex.

Expan. 24% in. Hab. Columbia.

In the Collection of Dr. Boisduyal.

LEPTALIS ORISE.
L. Orise, Boisduval, Spec. Gen. page 415.

Uprersipe. Male black. Anterior wing with five transparent spots of dirty light
yellow. The first at the base triangular and bifid (the upper half tinted with lilac) ; the
second near the middle of the costal margin quadripartite (the lower half tinted with
lilac) ; the third and fourth, which are small, between the second spot and the outer
margin ; the fourth before the apex large and circular and sex-partite by the nervures.
Posterior wing with two large transparent dirty yellow spots; one from the base to
the middle sex-partite, the other before the apex tripartite. The costal margin smooth

and glossy.

PIERIDH®—LEPTALIS.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that the whole of the anterior wing below the sub-
costal nervure from the base to the apical spot is grey-white and glossy, with a centre
of dense opaque white scales ; that the posterior wing has a dirty yellow spot on the
costal margin near the base; that the large spot at the apex extends to the costal
margin and is quadripartite, and that there are three small white spots near the outer
margin, inarow ; oneat the middle between the large spots, the others on the sections
of the large basal transparent spot.

Female differs in form. In having the second, third, and fourth spots of the
anterior wing united in one large central band, the large apical spot of the posterior
wing quadripartite; and on the underside in having the central band where it
approaches the anal angle white.

€

Expan. 33% in. Hab. Amazon and Cayenne.

In the Collections of Dr. Boisduval and the British Museum.

Dr. Boisduval has, with his usual generosity, allowed me to bring to England with me to figure
this and the other species of the plate. They are both very rare. lL. Rhetes is unique in his rich
collection. lL. Orise, especially the female, is most remarkable for the very close resemblance which
it bears to Methona Themisto, and more so still to a new species or variety of Themisto, which has the
transparent part of the posterior wings divided by a black transverse band into two distinct spots.
With this it is almost identical, and no one unless he were an entomologist would think of separating
them. The neryules, however, show that they have no real affinity.

PLER IT Diz.
LEPTALIS. III.

LEPTALIS ANTHERIZE. 12.

Leptalis Antherize, Boisduval, Mss,

Uprrrsipr. Male. Anterior wing black, with a semi-transparent line from the base to
the middle. Crossed beyond the middle by a transverse band of white. Posterior wing (except the
costal margin, which is broadly grey, with the apex white), transparent ; the nervures and outer
margin black.

UnpersipE as above, except that the whole of the anterior wing from the base to the
transverse white spot (the costal margin excepted) is of a glossy grey. The apex rufous
marked with three minute dots of white. That the posterior wing has the outer and costal
margin broadly rufous, the costal margin from the base to the middle semi-transparent and
traversed by a black nervure, the outer margin with six lunular white spots bordered with black,

the two spots nearest the apex larger than the rest, and rounded.
Expan. 254 m. Hab. Mexico.
In the Collection of Dr. Boisduval.

LEPTALIS LYSINOE. ¢ 13.

& L. Lysinoe, Hewitson, Ex. But., Lep., figs. 3, 4.

In the usual appearance the female does not differ from the male figured before, except in
its greater breadth, and in being without the glossy costal margin of the under wing. The
variety now figured is a female.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

From what I have seen of this genus until recently, I had believed that the species were constant in
their colouring and varied but little. I have now a series of specimens from New Granada, which differ
from each other as much as any of the Heliconidie, and are so strange in the arrangement of the colour and the
spots that it is almost impossible to say what species they are intended to represent.

LEPTALIS SILOE. 14.

Urrrrsipr. Male. Anterior wing brown, with several white spots, one from the base
to the middle (clouded except at its point); a second at the middle of the costal margin
trifid; a third (a small one) below it, and a fourth near the apex 4-fid. Apex with a row of
five white dots. Posterior wing orange, the nervures and outer margin black, with four white
spots between the middle and the apex ; costal margin broadly grey with a white spot.

UnpersipE as above, except that the anterior wing is grey from the middle to the mner
margin. That the posterior wing has the costal margin broadly brown with an oblong orange
spot at the base traversed by a black nervule, and that the white spots or. the outer margin are
continued to the anal angle.

Expan. 2449 mm. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collections of W. C. Hewitson and British Museum.

This may be only a variety of L. Theucharila. There is a variety in the British Museum with the oblong
spot at the base of the anterior wing orange.

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PIERIDE—LEPTALIS.

LEPTALIS ZATHOE. 135.

Uprrrsipe. Male dark brown. Anterior wing with two large spots of yellow; one
touching the middle of the costal margin; the other on the inner margin before its middle; a
white spot nearer to the apex. Posterior wing with a large central space of yellow; the costal
margin grey.

Unprrsipe almost without colour; the spots above ill-defined; the apex of the anterior
wing white from the white spots.

The female differs only in having the first white spot longer.

Expan. 1,8, in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collections of W. C. Hewitson and the British Museum.

LEPTALIS ZAELA. 16.
Leptalis Zaela, Boisduval, Ms.

Uprrrsipr. Male. Anterior wing dark brown with two oblique transverse bands of
bright orange spots. One band of two spots at the middle; the other band, near the apex, of
two smaller : spots, the first of which is bifid. Posterior wing ‘from the median nervure (which is
marked by a line of brown) to the costal margin half-grey, half-brow n, and as if highly polished.
The rest of the wing (except the outer margin which is brown) light yellow near the mner
margin, bright orange near the middle.

Unpersipe differs entirely. Anterior wing, except the costal margin and apex, hke polished
steel, with a large triangular spot of white before the middle; the bands of the upperside visible.
The apex and the whole of the posterior wing variegated w ith metallic-grey and light brown.

Expan. 2;% im. Hab. New Granada.
In the Collection of Dr. Boisduval.

LEPTALIS EURYOPE. 17.
L. Euryope Lucas. Revue et Mag. de Zoologie, 1852.

Uprrrsipe. Male dark brown. Anterior wing with a broad transverse central band of
white ; a small spot between it and the apex, and a lunular bifid spot near the middle of the inner
margin white. Posterior wing from the median nervure to the costal margin like polished steel.
An ill-defined band of yellow (divided into four by the nervules) from the inner margin to the
outer end of the cell.

UnpersivE entirely grey and brown. Anterior wing like polished steel, with the white
band as above, and a triangular spot, also white, attached to its imer side. Apex clouded with
grey and brown. Posterior wing grey-brown, except where it is crossed from the middle of the
inner margin to the middle of the costal margin by an irregular band of seven white or light-
yellow spots ; the middle spot bifid.

Expan. 235; in. Hab. Mexico.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

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LEPTALIS. IV.

LEPTALIS LYCOSURA. 18. 20.

Uprrrsipr. Male black. Anterior wing black, with a large irregular pale
yellow spot before the middle, commencing in the cell and ending near the inner
margin beyond its middle. ‘Two small white spots near the apex. Posterior wing
brown, lighter near the apex, with a large smooth white spot touching the margin
of the anterior wing.

Unprrsipg. Anterior wing grey and white, the costal margin (which is marked
with two yellow spots) and the apex brown. Posterior wing brown, with two spots
at the base, and the base of the inner margin scarlet. Crossed from the middle of
the costal margin to the middle of the outer margin by a band of yellow spots. The
first spot large, divided into six, by the nervures; the second and third triangular, the
fourth (on the margin) square. Between the second and third spots and the inner
margin are three small triangular yellow spots.

Expan. 2,49 im. Hab. Peru (Upper Amazon).

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

LEPTALIS LYSIANAX. 19.

Upprrsipe. Female black. Anterior wing, with a large triangular orange spot,
touching the inner margin from its base to beyond its middle, and bounded by the
median nervure and its first branch. Crossed at the middle by a broad band of light
yellow, the subcostal nervure between the base and the said band also yellow. Pos-
terior wing orange, the costal and outer margins broadly black. An orange spot on

PIERIDH—LEPTALIS.

the costal margin; a spot of yellow attached to the orange near the apex; the outer
margin near the anal angle light brown.

Unperstpz as above, except that it is lighter, and that there are three small
white spots across the apex of the anterior wing; that the orange of the posterior
wing is clouded and replaced by yellow beyond the middle; that the nervures are
more distinctly marked, and that there is a band of white spots near the outer margin.

Expan. 2,5 in. Hab. Upper Amazon.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

LEPTALIS SPIO. 21. 22. 23.
P. Spio Godart Encl. Method., page 166.

Upperstpr. Male black. Anterior wing, with a trifid spot of bright orange,
from the base towards the anal angle. Crossed at the middle by a band of the same
colour, and near the apex by a macular band of bright yellow. Posterior wing, with
the costal margin, broadly pale yellow. Crossed longitudinally by a band of vivid
orange. The outer margin, near the anal angle, rufous.

Unpersipg. Anterior wing, with the basal spot and the middle transverse band
forming one large white spot. The band near the apex obscure. Posterior wing
light rufous-brown, undulated with white.

Female with the anterior wing as in the male, except that all the bands are light
yellow, and that the posterior wing is crossed longitudinally by a broad band of pale
yellow.

Expan. 2; in. Hab. St. Domingo.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

This beautiful species is not new. It is, however, rare and little known, and has not been figured
before.

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PILE.RID &.
LEPTALIS V.

LEPTALIS LELEX. 24.
L. Lelex, Hewitson. Equatorial Lepidoptera, p. 6.

Uprrrstpe. Male, anterior wing dark brown, the inner margin angular ;
marked by four pale yellow spots, one (a large one) from the middle of the costal
margin; the second, also large, fills the projecting angle of the inner margin ; the
other two (one scarcely visible) small before the apex. Posterior wing yellow, polished
where the wings meet; the outer margin, from the apex to the middle, dark brown,
dentated inwardly. .

Unversing, pale yellow. Anterior wing slightly clouded with grey, polished
where it meets the posterior wing ; the spots as above, though indistinct.

Exp. 14% inch. Hab. Ecuador.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson, from Mr. Buckley.

LEPTALIS ZATHOE. Var. 9 25.

Leptalis Zathoe, Hewitson. Exot. Butt. Vol. If. Pl. 9, f. 15.

When I figured this species I believed it to be a female variety of Zathoe. I now think that it
would be better placed as the female of Lelex.

LEPTALIS OTHOE. 26, 27, 28.
L. Othoe, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. Third Ser. Vol. V. p. 562. 1867.

Urrersipe. Male, dark brown. Anterior wing with two large yellow spots,
one beyond the middle touching the costal margin, the other at the middle of the
inner margin; two very minute indistinct white subapical spots. Posterior wing pale
yellow, broadly bordered with brown, except on the costal margin.

Unpersipg, pale yellow. Anterior wing with the costal spot as above ; polished
where the wings meet ; the apex slightly irrorated with brown. Posterior wing, with
the exception of the central band, a spot near the base, and two spots near the
costal margin, irrorated with pale brown.

Female differs in form only.

Exp. 143 inch. Hab. New Granada and Ecuador.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
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PIERIDZ.—LEPTALIS.

LEPTALIS LYSIS. 29, 30, 31.

L. Lysis, Hewitson. Equatorial Butterflies, p. 6.

Uprrrsipr. Male, dark brown. Anterior wing oval, with a large white spot
from the costal margin beyond its middle, and a smaller triangular spot, also white,
on the inner margin. Posterior wing polished where it meets the anterior wing:
crossed beyond the middle by a broad longitudinal band of white.

Unpersipr, ochreous-yellow irrorated with brown. Anterior wing with the
white spots as above. Posterior wing with the longitudinal band as above, divided
by the nervures into eight parts: the base of the costal margin and a spot near it
yellow: a white spot near the costal margin before its middle.

Female like the male, except that the anterior wing is crossed on both sides by a
broad white band, and that on the underside from its base to this band and a large
spot on the opposite margin are brown.

Exp. 1485 inch. Hab. Ecuador.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson (Buckley).

LEPTALIS LYGDAMIS. 32, 338, 34.
L. Lygdamis, Hewitson. Equatorial Lep. p. 7.

Urrrersipr. Male, dark brown. Anterior wing with a quadrate quinquefid
spot at the middle of the costal margin, a large bifid spot on the inner margin before
its middle, and a minute spot on the costal margin beyond its middle all white.
Posterior wing with the basal half (except the base itself, which is brown) white,
slightly polished.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing grey-white, not polished: costal margin and apex
brown marked by a series of white and yellow spots. Posterior wing dark rufous-
brown, with four small spots near the base, a large spot within the cell, a transverse
band of ten spots, and a submarginal band of eight spots all yellow.

Female white. Anterior wing with the costal margin broadly brown from the
base to the middle: the apex very broadly brown, dentated inwardly, and marked on
the costal margin beyond the middle by a white spot. Posterior wing with the outer
margin dark brown, of unequal breadth, and deeply indented inwardly. Underside
as in the male, except that the lower spots of the transverse band and some of the
submarginal spots are so much larger that they touch each other.

Exp. 2 inches. Hab. Ecuador.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson (Buckley).

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PIERID&.

LEPTALIS VI.

LEPTALIS CARTHESIS. 35, 36.
L. Carthesis, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 71. 1869.

Upprrsipr. Male, dark brown. Anterior wing with a central oblique band of
two spots, an apical trifid band, and a spot on the inner margin, all pale yellow.
Posterior wing with a broad longitudinal band and two or three apical spots of pale
yellow : the costal margin hilac-white, polished ; the outer margin broadly dark brown.

Unpersipe dark brown. Anterior wing polished where the wings meet: the
central band as above, the apical band broader. Posterior with the costal margin
at its base orange: the central band as above, two large yellow spots near the apex,
and a submarginal series of eight white spots.

Exp. 27% inch. Hab. Ecuador.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson (Buckley).
The typical specimen, in the collection of Mr. Druce, has the spots of the central band of the
anterior wing united ; it also differs slightly on the underside of the posterior wing.

LEPTALIS DEIONE. 37, 38.
LL. Deione, Hewitson. Ent. Monthly Mag. p. 68. 1869.

Uprrrsipr. Male, dark brown. Anterior wing with four white spots; the
first and largest at the middle of the costal margin, divided into five parts by the
nervures; the second between this and the anal angle; the third (trifid), and the
fourth subapical: a small linear spot of orange at the middle of the inner margin.
Posterior wing, where it meets the upper wing, broadly hlac-white, polished: below
this, near the anal angle, a large spot of brilliant orange.

Unpersipg, paler brown. Anterior wing with the spots as above: the lower
half lilac-white, polished, marked by a large spot of opaque white. Posterior wing
crossed (parallel to the outer margin) by a central band of yellow spots.

Exp. 2445 inch. Hab. Nicaragua (Chontales).

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

For this beautiful species I am indebted to Mr. Belt.

=

PIERID#.—LEPTALIS.

LEPTALIS LEONORA. 39, 40, 41.
L. Leonora, Hewitson. Eyuatorial Lep. p. 7.

Uprrrsipr. Male, anterior wing black, with a line from the base, a spot on the
middle of the costal margin, a spot below this, a large spot on the inner margin, and
two small subapical spots all pale yellow. Posterior wing brown, darker at the
outer margin: polished white where it meets the other wing: the space between the
median nervure and the anal angle grey-blue.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing glossy lilac-white: the apex slightly irrorated with
brown. Posterior wing irrorated with brown and yellow : three spots near the costal
margin and an irregular band of eight spots at the middle (one within the cell) all
white: the nervures and spots where they touch the outer margin dark brown: the
outer margin yellow.

Female, dark brown: a large space from the immer margin to the middle of the
wing, an oblong spot from the middle of the costal margin, and two subapical spots
all yellow-white. Posterior wing with the basal half white. On the underside the
anterior wing is as above, except that the apex is irrorated with yellow and brown.
The posterior wing nearly as in the male.

Exp. 2426 ich. Hab. Ecuador.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson (Buckley).

A variety of the female has the outer margin of the posterior wing white from the middle to the
anal angle.

LEPTALIS LARUNDA. 42, 43.
L. Larunda, Hewitson. Equatorial Lep. p. 4.

Uprrersipge. Male, anterior wing black, witha large scarlet spot at the base inter-
sected by three nervures, and very irregular in form: crossed before the middle by an
uregular sexfid oblique band of pale yellow: a subapical band of four small oval
white spots. Posterior wing with the base scarlet, the outer margin broadly dark
brown, marked by a yellow spot: the costal margin white, polished.

Unpersipe. Anterior wing as above, except that the basal half (except the costal
margin, which is dark brown) is white and polished, and that there is a yellow spot
near the costal margin before the middle. Posterior wing with the basal half scarlet,
followed by a transverse band of yellow marked by two black spots: the outer margin
broadly dark brown, traversed by a submarginal band of small white spots in pairs
except near the apex.

Exp. 3 inches. Hab. Ecuador.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson (Buckley).

Jt

, oo

LEPTALIS. VII.

PIERID£.
LEPTALIS VII.

LEPTALIS IDONIA. 44, 45.
L. Idonia, Hewitson. Equatorial Lep. p. 5.

Uprrrsipr. Male, dark brown. Anterior wing crossed obliquely by two bands
of yellow spots: the first band at the middle with two spots the first of which is large
and sinuate: the second band of three spots before the apex. Posterior wing crossed
obliquely from the middle of the inner margin by a broad band of yellow divided
into four parts by the nervures: the fourth part, which is beyond the third median
nervule, is marked on its outer border by a black spot: the costal margin polished
where the wings meet.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing as above, except that it is pale grey-brown and has
the apex ochreous-yellow. Posterior wing clouded ochreous-yellow, with the band as
above, but very indistinct.

Exp. 2335 inches. Hab. Ecuador.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson (Buckley).

This species does not differ from L. Arcadia of Felder on the upperside, but is very different
below.

LEPTALIS AVONIA. 46, 47, 48.

LI. Avonia, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. Third Ser. Vol. V. p. 563. 1867.

Uprrrsipe. Male, dark brown. Anterior wing with a longitudinal spot
within the cell, a large spot on the costal margim beyond the middle, a small round
spot below this, and a subapical spot, all pale yellow. Posterior wing pale yellow,
polished where the wings meet; the outer margm broadly dark brown.

Unpersip as above, except that the lower half of the anterior wing is white ;
that the posterior wmg has the costal margin and apex broadly brown marked by
two large oval pale yellow spots; and that both wings have a submarginal band
of lilac-white spots, large and distinct on the posterior wing.

Female like the male, except that the anterior wing has the basal spot and the
small spot near the middle of the wing much larger; that the posterior wing has part
of the costal margin yellow.

Exp. 133 inch. Hab. Quito.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

In form and in the position of the spots, this species greatly resembles L. Theucharila of
Doubleday ; in colour it is altogether different.

LEPTALIS ITHOMIA. 49.

L. Ithomia, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. Third Ser. Vol. V. p. 562, 1867.
Uprrrsipr. Male, brown, both wings with a submarginal row of white spots,
large on the posterior wing. Anterior wing with a large triangular spot from the

ge : Z
eke

PIERIDA.—LEPTALIS.

base to the middle of the wing; crossed a little beyond the middle by a broad
oblique band, and by a subapical bifid spot, all of pale yellow; the imer margin also
yellow. Posterior wing pale yellow, lilac-white where the wings meet, the outer
margin broadly brown.

Female like the male, except that the central band of the anterior wing is
broken into two separate spots: that there is a sub-costal band of brown on the
posterior wing.

Exp. 133 inch. Hab. Ecuador.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Most nearly allied to L. Eumelia, the spots and bands being in the same position; the sub-
marginal spots give it, however, a very different aspect, and a still greater resemblance to some species
of Ithomia; there is a variety of the female without the submarginal spots.

LEPTALIS TERESA. 50, 51, 52.

LL. Teresa, Hewitson. Equatorial Lep. p. 8.

Uppersipn. Male, black. Anterior wing with a pale triangular spot at the base ;
crossed by two oblique bands, each of three white spots; the first band in the middle,
its first two spots bifid; the second band before the apex, the first spot bifid.
Posterior wing with its centre lilac-white smeared with brown, divided by black
nervures : a subapical white spot.

UnpErs1Dz as above, except that the outer margin of the anterior wing and the
whole of the posterior wing are dirty, obscure grey-brown.

Female, dark brown. Anterior wing crossed obliquely at the middle by a band
of white sometimes tinted with yellow, indented on its inner border, and terminating
below the middle of the wing: crossed before the apex by three small white spots :
the middle of the mer margin yellow. Posterior wing yellow, with the outer margin
broadly dark brown. On the underside the anterior wing is as above, except that the
apex is grey: the posterior wing grey-brown, with two spots of yellow near the base :
a spot on the costal margin, a band of nine spots at the middle, and a spot below these
white: the outer margin is also irrorated with white.

Exp. 243; inches. Hab. Ecuador.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson (Buckley).

LEPTALIS LUA. 53, 54.

L. Lua, Hewitson. Equatorial Lep. p. 5.

Uprrrsipr. Male, dark brown. Anterior wing with seven yellow spots: one
before and below the middle, three in an oblique transverse band beyond the middle,
and three smaller ones before the apex. Posterior wing crossed longitudinally by a
broad quinquefid band of yellow: the costal margin broadly white, not polished,
dentated near the apex.

Unpersipn. Anterior wing opaque white, not polished: the costal margin and
apex yellow, the nervures brown. Posterior wing pale rufous-brown, with nine spots
and the band as above, yellow: the outer margin irrorated with yellow.

Exp. 23% inches. Hab. Ecuador.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson (Buckley).

IPI ERI DAE

CALLIDRYAS & ERONIA

W CG Hewitson del et hth duly 11867. GES)

(2434 CALLIDEXAS FIADMes:: 5.6. GA LEIDRYWAS | Ess coe
7 EG EROUNGIA 9 ese WAS

JP a Vel Ih) ae
CALLIDRYAS.

CALLIDRYAS FIADUNA. 1, 2, 3, 4.

Uprrrsipr. Male, pale yellow: the base of both wings broadly bright yellow.
Anterior wing with an oval black spot at the end of the cell: the apex very slightly
margined with brown. Posterior wing tinted with lilac towards the anal angle:
marked on the outer margin at the end of the nervures by minute black spots.

Unpersing, pale green: the costal half of the anterior wing and the whole of
the posterior wing undulated with darker colour. Both wings with a small silver
spot, bordered with rufous-brown, at the end of the cell. Posterior wing yellow
near the base where the wings meet. '

Female, bright orange-yellow: broadly white, tinted with lilac, at the base. An-
terior wing with a black round spot at the end of the cell : crossed beyond the middle
by a band of five dark rufous-brown spots: the apex and outer margin, to below the
middle, spotted with dark rufous-brown. Posterior wing with a rufous-brown spot.
Underside, orange-yellow : the costal half of the anterior wing and the whole of the
posterior wing undulated with rufous-brown: both wings crossed beyond the middle
towards the apex by rufous-brown spots: both with minute brown spots on the outer
margin on and between the nervures. Posterior wing with three silver spots bor-
dered with rufous-brown, at the end of the cell.

Exp. 3 inches. Hab. Madagascar.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

The undulated appearance of the wings is not produced by colour, but by having the whole
embossed with scales paler than the tint of the surface.

CALLIDRYAS ETESIA. 5, 6.

Uprrrsipr. Male. Anterior wing yellow-white, tinted with lilac towards the
imner margin: the costal margin from the middle to the apex, the apex and outer
margin dark brown, rather broad. Posterior wing orange, except at the base, which
is lilac-white: the nervures on the outer margin marked by minute brown spots.

Unpersib£, orange-yellow. Both wings with a bifid spot at the end of the cell

y E

PIERIDZ.—ERONIA.

bordered with rufous-brown (minute on the posterior wing). Anterior wing with the
inner margin lilac-white.
Exp. 233; inch. Hab. Australia (Queensland).

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
Nearly allied to C. Scylla, but of paler colour and spotless on the underside.

ERONIA CLEODORA.
Eronia Cleodora Hubner. Samm. Exot. Schmett. FE. Eraia Hewitson. Fig. 7.

Uprrrsipr. Male, yellow-white. Anterior wing with the apex and outer
margin to below the middle dark brown, undulated on its inner border and marked
by two white spots, one of which is bifid. Posterior wing with the outer margin
dark brown, narrow.

Unpersipr. Anterior wing as above, except that the apex is grey bordered
inwardly with brown and marked by a spot of orange-yellow. Posterior wing
orange, with the outer margin, a band from it (but not connected with it) crossing
the wing obliquely towards the middle of the mner margin, a spot above it (some-
times forming part of the band), a spot before the middle of the costal margin, and
two spots nearer the base, all lilac-white or grey bordered with rufous-brown.

Female (fig. 7) like the male, except that the outer margins are broader and that
the lower white spot at the apex is not bifid: that on the underside the outer margin
near the anal angle incloses a small orange spot, and that the oblique band is’
connected with the margin and is more red-brown than grey.

Exp. ¢ 2 @ 2,4, inch. Hab. Cape of Good Hope.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

ERONIA ERXIA.
Eronia Cleodora. Doubleday and Hewitson Genera Diur. Lep. Plate 9, fig. 1.

T believe that we have two closely allied species here, and that my figure and Hubner’s represent
one of them (mine a variety in which the oblique band of the underside is more complete), and the
figure in the “ Genera” another species, which I propose to name EH, Erxia.

It is always much larger and has the margins much broader, and on the underside suffused with
yufous-brown, and without the beautiful silvery grey of EK. Cleodora: the inner border of the outer
margin is also much less sinuated and does not inclose a yellow spot as in my figure. It is a native of

Natal.

DAN AED A:
EUPLOEA.

HUPLOEA EUPATOR. 1.

Uprrrsipe. Male dark brown. Both wings crossed in the middle by a macular band of
white spots commencing at the costal margin of the anterior wing with a large triangular spot
divided by the many nervures which cross it into eight segments; followed between it and
the anal angle by two small white spots; divided on the posterior wing by nervules, into eight
distinct spots, one of them (a small one) within the cell, the rest (except a small one near the
inner margin) deeply smuated and furcate. Anterior wing with the inner margin slightly convex.
Posterior wing with a sub-marginal row of minute white dots.

UnpErsIDE as above, except that the anterior wing has a curved row of five white spots not
far from and parallel to the apical margin; a glossy grey spot attached to the largest of the two
small white spots of the central band, and a sub-marginal row of minute white dots from the
middle to the anal angle. That the posterior wing has two small white spots near the spot
within the cell between it and the costal margin.

Expan. 33 in. Hab. Celebes.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

EUPLOEA EURIANASSA. 2.

Upprrsipr. Male dark brown. Both wings crossed by abroad band of white, (divided by
the nervules,) parallel and near to the outer margins. Anterior wing with one of those singular
oblong compressed marks common to this genus not far from the mer margin; inner margin
very convex.

Unpersipz differs only in having some light-blue spots in the centre of both wings; on the
anterior wing four, one within the cell and three below it m a line, the inmost spot larger and
oblong. Posterior wing with six, one within the cell and five in a curve below it.

Expan. 3,44 in. Hab. New Guinea.

In the Collection of W. 6. Hewitson.
This species was taken on board ship off the coast of New Guinea.

DANAID®—EUPLOEA.

EUPLOEA EURYPON. 3.

Upprrsipn. Male. Basal half of both wings rufous-brown ; outer half to the margins
(except the costal margin and apex of the anterior wing which are brown) rufous-white.

Unpersipe as above, except that there are some small white spots at the base, and some
hight-blue spots at the centre of both wings; on the anterior wing three, one of them within the
cell ; on the posterior wing six, one within the cell cordate, the others in a curve below it, and
near the apex four similar spots, (two of them scarcely seen,) in pairs, two near the outer margin,
and two behind them, as if to form the commencement of a double sub-marginal row of spots.

The female differs only in having the inner margin of the anterior wing (which is convex
in the male) slightly concave.

Expan. 38 in. Hab. New Guinea.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

EUPLOEA USIPETES. 4.

Uprrrsipr. Male dark rufous-brown. Anterior wing with the immer margin very con-
vex. A large central rufous spot divided into four segments by the median nervures ; the imner
segment marked with a small oval compressed white spot.

Unpersive as above, except that the central spot is smaller.

Female differs only in having the inner margin of the anterior wing slightly concave; the

central rufous spot nearer to the inner margin and divided into two segments only, by the first.

‘median nervule, and in having on the underside in the centre of the posterior wing four light-
blue spots, one of them in the cell.

Expan. 3379 in. Hab. New Guinea.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

Three of the butterflies just described are from the Collection sent home by Mr. Wallace.

DRAIN ALE oe:

EUPLOEA, II.

KUPLOEA EUPATOR.. ° 1.

& Hewitson’s Exotic Butterflies, Vol. If. Pl. XII. fig. 1.

Upprrsipr. Female, dark brown. Anterior wing, with a broad central macular
band of eleven white spots: four on the costal margin, two within the cell, and five
succeeding each other and increasing in size from the subcostal nervure towards the
anal angle, where they are followed by a separate white spot. Posterior wing crossed
by a central band of six white spots, four of them sinuated at their bases, and one at
its upper extremity as well; a small pale spot within the cell.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that the anterior wing has two minute white spots
near its anal angle, and that the posterior wing has four of the spots of the central
band subdivided into two: that there are four or five minute white spots within the
cell, and a submarginal band of seven, also small.

Expan. 45°; inch. Hab. Menado.

Tn the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

DANAIDH——EUPLOFA.

EUPLOEA EUCTEMON. 2.

UrrersipE. Male, blue-black, with a submarginal band of ultramarine blue
near the costal margin of the anterior wing and the outer margin of both wings;
the band of blue near the outer margins traversed by a band of pale blue spots,
seven in number on the anterior wing, six on the posterior wing.

Unpersipe dark brown. Anterior wing, with three oblong spots on the costal
margin beyond the middle, two at the centre of the wing, and two submarginal bands
of spots from the middle to the anal angle; all pale blue. Posterior wing, with two
submarginal bands of pale blue spots.

Expan. 33 inch. Hab. Menado.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

I have hitherto been prevented from figuring a number of beautiful new species in this genus, in
deference to the long-expressed intention of Dr. Boisduval to monograph the family of which they form
a part, very unwilling in any way to interfere with the wishes of so kind a friend ; now that it is useless
to wait any longer (Mr. Butler having published a monograph of the genus), I have figured a species
omitted by him, and the remarkable female of my Eupator.

HE LICONIA

tson, del. et ith, 18 Ponted by Hulhnandel k Walton.

HE LICONIA XEN OCLEA 5. HELICONIA QUITALENA
KLICONIA ANDERIDA 4. HELICONIA ARISTIONA

rE Ero on lt DA:
HELICONIA. Latreille.

HELICONIA XENOCLEA. 1.

Uprersipk, black. Anterior wing with two large transverse spots of orange, com-
mencing at the subcostal nervure, one (the largest) across the middle, the other half-way
between it and the apex.

Unprrsipe brown. The spots of the anterior wing almost white and glossy, the
large one mingling with the inner margin, which is of a silvery white. Posterior wing
with a line of white on the costal margin at the base.

Expan. 33, im. Hab. unknown.

Tn the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONIA ANDERIDA. 2.

Urrersipe. Anterior wing with the base and the whole of the inner margin (ex-
cept the submedian nervure and the anal angle which are black), to the middle of the
wing, orange changing to yellow at its outer edge, and marked with two black spots ;
one obliquely across the cell, the other below it round. The rest of the wing black,
crossed by two bands of yellow spots; the first a little beyond the middle, oblique, of
three spots, the middle one of which is united with the basal space ; the second, trans-
verse, near the apex, of four spots. Posterior wing orange, with a narrow horizontal
band (deeply dentated on its outer edge), and a broad outer margin black, and united
at the apex, which has a round white spot.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that the posterior wing has two spots of white near the
apex, a row of numerous oblong silvery white spots on the outer margin, and a line
of black at the base.

Expan. 34 in. Hab. Honduras.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

Y

HELICONIDA—-HELICONTA.

HELICONIA QUITALENA., — 3.

Uprersivn. Anterior wing black crossed by three bands of yellow spots. The
space from the median nervure and its first branch to the inner margin (except the line
of the submedian nervure which is black), and a small double spot near the anal angle
brick red.

he first of the three bands crosses the cell very obliquely (uniting with the rufous
margin), and is followed by a small spot; the second band beyond the middle is of four
spots, the fourth apart from the vest; the third band near the apex is of four larger
spots. Posterior wing with a horizontal band of black (deeply dentated on its outer
edge) before the middle, the outer margin also black, with many minute points of white.

Unpursipn as above, except that there are four small white spots near the outer
margin of the anterior wing, and two near the apex of the posterior wing. The black
margin of the posterior wing is narrower, and the white spots upon it more distinct.

Hxpan. 37, in, Hab, Quito.

In the Collection of W, C, Ilewitson.

HELICONTIA ARISTIONA, 4.
I, Avistiona. Doubleday.— Gen. of Diurnal Lep.” (undescribed).

Urrersipe. Anterior wing light orange, the base and inner margin clouded with
brown ; the submedian nervure, two spots within the cell, and the apex for nearly one
third of the wing (its inner margin deeply sinuated) dark brown. Posterior wing
brown, with a small triangular spot of orange (interrupted by a spot of black) near the
UpPex,

Uypursipp as above, but lighter, with a third black spot within the cell (a trian-
gular one near the base of the wing), and a small spot between each of the branches of
the median nervure near their origin also black. Posterior wing entirely brown.

Uxpan, 3'in, Hab, Colombia,

In the Collections of W. W, Saunders and W, ©, Ilewitson,

HELICONIDA.

HELICONIA. II.

HELICONIA HERMATHENA. 5.

Urrerstpe black. Anterior wing crossed beyond the middle by a broad
uregular oblique band of scarlet; a line of dirty yellow commences at the base,
and follows the median nervure and a third of its first nervule. Posterior wing
with a minute spot of scarlet near the base, crossed transversely a little below it
by a band of yellow, intersected by black nervures, and by two curved macular bands
of the same colour parallel to and near the outer margin, the inner band composed of
oblong spots, the submarginal band of small round spots.

UnpersipE as above, except that there are three scarlet spots near the base
of the posterior wing instead of one, that there is a line of four or five spots of the
same colour from the inner margin to the centre of the wing, midway between the
first two bands, and that the costal margin at the base is yellow.

Expan. 3745 in. Hab. river Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This butterfly, another of those beautiful species for which we are indebted to Mr. Bates, has
the anterior wing nearly the same as H. Phyllis, and the posterior wing somewhat like H. Charitonia.

HELICONIA HECALESIA. 6.

UprersipE black. Anterior wing with ten spots of pale yellow, two near the
costal margin beyond the middle, two between them and the outer margin, one,
bisected by the subcostal nervure, near the apex, and five in a row parallel to the
outer margin. Posterior wing with the inner half brick-red, a row of oblong spots
of yellow parallel to the outer margin, and increasing in size from the anal angle
to the costal margin.

UnpersipE does not differ except that there is a line of yellow on the costal
margin at the base of the posterior wing.

Expan. 33 in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of the Entomological Society.
Fy

HELICONID£—HELICONIA.

HELICONIA HEURIPPA. 7.

Upprrsipe black. Anterior wing with a broad irregular transverse band of
pale yellow, intersected by black nervures from the costal margins where it is deeply
sinuated to near the anal angle, followed by a large spot of scarlet, also intersected
by black nervures, sinuated and irregular on its outer margin, divided on its inner
margin from the yellow band by a nearly straight line of black.

Unpersipg as above, except that the scarlet spot is replaced by one of brick-
red, and that there is a line of yellow on the costal margin at the base of the
posterior wing.

Expan. 3} in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of the Entomological Society.

This and the preceding species, both unlike anything before known, were presented to the
Society by Mr. T. J. Stevens, of Bogota, and have been very liberally trusted to my care to figure by

the Council of the Society.

nde] & Walton

nted by Hiucdlbna

del. et Jith 1854

m

Its

Hew

Ww (

KA

PANU de

"ORNARINA

HEDLCONID A.

HELICONIA. III.

HELICONIA ELEUCHIA. 8.

Uprrrsipe black; the basal half of both wings glossed with blue; anterior wing
crossed transversely by two bands of yellow : one band at the middle, irregular, reaching
from the subcostal nervure to the anal angle, and divided by black nervures into four
unequal parts; the other band between it and the apex, reaching from the costal
margin to near the outer margin, also divided into four by black nervures. Posterior
wing with a broad outer margin of white, divided by black nervures, and again sub-
divided on the inner edge by short black lines.

UnpErsiDE as above, except that the anterior wing has a small line of scarlet at
the base, and the subcostal nervure marked by a line of yellow from the base to the
first band, and that the posterior wing has five spots of scarlet at the base.

Expan. 3445 in. Hab. New Granada.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONIA FORNARINA. 9.

Uprrrsipe dark brown. Anterior wing with a broad, irregular, transverse,
double band of yellow at the middle, divided by black nervures into eight unequal
parts, one of which is marked by a black spot. The space between the band and the
apex and outer margin, marked by ten spots of unequal size, also yellow. Posterior
wing with one small round yellow spot near the apex.

UnpersipzE as above, except that there is an irregular longitudinal rufous band
in the middle of the posterior wing, and a second small spot of yellow near the apex.

Expan. 33 i.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

HELICONID4®—HELICONIA.

HELICONIA ZULEIKA. 10.

Uprersipg. Anterior wing dark brown, with numerous unequal spots of pale
yellow, arranged in four transverse, slightly-curved, parallel, equidistant bands. Base
and inner margin of the wing to beyond the middle, rufous. Posterior wing rufous ;
the outer margin, and a broad space at the apex which is marked with three small
round spots of yellow (one indistinct), dark brown.

Unpersipr as above, except that the outer margin of the posterior wing 1s
marked with small square spots of white im pairs.

Expan. 33% in. Hab. Nicaragua.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This beautiful and very distinct species was accompanied by a Tithorea, which scarcely differs
from it, except in shape; also by a Mechanitis, closely resembling it in general appearance, which I
have given as an Ithomia by mistake at Fig. 21.

HELICONIDE.
HELICONIA. IV.

TITHOREA TARRICINA. 1.

Uprrrsipg. Male dark brown. Anterior wing with eleven small yellow spots.
Three spots in a line transversely at the middle ; three in a line obliquely beyond the
middle ; two near the apex; two near the outer margin, one between each of the
transverse lines of spots, and one (a minute one) near the middle of the costal margin.
Posterior wing brick red, the costal margin (sometimes to near the middle of the wing),
a lunular spot near it beyond its middle, and the outer margin dark brown. Some
spots of yellow (sometimes a broad band) divide the red of the wing from the brown
of the outer margin.

UnprERSIDE as above, except that both wings have a row of white spots parallel
to the outer margin, that the anterior wing has a twelfth spot between the first and
second macular bands (sometimes visible on “the upperside), and that the costal margin
of the posterior wing has its base orange and two small white spots beyond “its
middle.

The female differs only in size.

Expan. 3,9 in. to 33% in. Hab. New Granada.
In the Ghiltetons of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONIA HECUBA. 11.
HT. Hecuba, Boisduval, Ms.

Uprrrsipe blue-black. Anterior wing with an indistinct line of white from the
base outwards. A spot of white between the median nervules; three bifid spots
obliquely across the middle; four ina line across the apex, and eight irregularly placed
in pairs near the outer margin, all white. Posterior wing with a transverse band of
yellow near the middle, divided by the nervures, and several spots of white in pairs
near the outer margin.

Poe

HELICONIDA—HELICONIA.

Unprrsipe as above, except that the anterior wing has the line at the base much
wider, and a second row of white spots near the outer margin from the anal angle to
the middle. The posterior wing has the costal margin, from the base to the transverse
band, white. A band crosses the wing near the base, yellow from the imner margin to
the cell, white in the cell and a little beyond it. Some rufous spots between this band
and the central band, which is almost white.

Expan. 3,49 in. | Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson,

This species is an excellent link to connect the genus Tithorea with Heliconia. It has the
nervures of Heliconia, the more bulky form of Tithorea, and in colour resembles nearly T. Bonplandi
and 'T’. Humboldtii.

HELICONIA HERMOGENES. 12.

Uprrrsipe black glossed with blue. Anterior wing with numerous white spots.
Two in the cell near its outer end, five or six im a curved band across the middle, and
eight or nine in asimilar curved band parallel to the other band and the outer margin.
Posterior wing with the costal margin rufous, crossed towards the outer margin by a
broad curved band of yellow divided by the nervures into seven spots.

Unpersipe as above, except that the two spots in the cell are united, the whole
of the inner margin broadly lustrous white; that the posterior wing has the costal
margin near the base yellow; the costal margin in the middle, the immer margin and a
transverse band within and near to the white band all rufous.

Expan. 33in. Hab.

In the Collection of Dr. Boisduval.

Elie ate ai eS IWY Tf [yc
JE WE, dh, JL Noy \ JIN) JL IDBe,

N Hanhart ump

HELICONID &.

HELICONIA V.

HELICONIA HIPPOLA. 13.

Uppersipg, ferruginous. Anterior wing with the costal margin, the apex
(broadly), the outer margin, a band near and parallel to the inner margin, two large
spots within the cell, and two smaller spots below these, all dark brown. Posterior
wing with the outer margin and a longitudinal band which crosses the middle of the
wing and joins it at the apex, dark brown.

UnpERSIDE as above, except that each pair of spots in and below the cell of the
anterior wing are united in one, and that there is a narrow band of brown near the
costal margin, and below it a broad band of the same colour which joins the central
band and outer margin at the apex.

Exp. 3425 inch.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONIA HYDARA. 14.

Uprrrsipg, dark brown. Anterior wing crossed by a broad transverse scarlet
band. Posterior wing marked outside the cell by a small scarlet spot.
UNDERSIDE as above, but paler.

Exp. 234 inch. Hab. New Granada:

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONIDM.—HELICONIA.

HELICONIA HYGIANA. 15.

Uprersipg, black. Anterior wing with a narrow linear longitudinal band from
the base, an oblique irregular band at the middle, and a trifid spot before the apex,
all pale yellow. Posterior wing crossed before the middle by a broad band of orange.

UnpersIDz as above, except that it is paler, that there are some rays of lilac-
white near the apex, and a scarlet spot at the base of the costal margin of the anterior
wing: that the band of the posterior wing is much paler, and is extended to the
costal margin by spots of lilac: that there are double rays of paler colour between
each of the nervures below the band, and four scarlet spots at the base.

Exp. 23% inch. Hab. Quito.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This species differs from H. Clysonyma, to which it is most nearly allied, in having the linear
band at the base as well as the sub-apical spot.

HELICONIA HIMERA. 16.

Uprersrpe, black. Anterior wing crossed at the middle by an hexafid band of
pale yellow. Posterior wing with a transverse band of carmine near the base.

UnpersipE as above, except that the anterior wing has the transverse band
white: that the posterior wing has the base of the costal margin yellow, and is tinted
with carmine in place of the transverse band of the upperside.

Exp. 23 to 3 inch. Hab. Ecuador.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Poe ey CON DAs.

HELICONIA VI.

HELICONIA CYTHERA. 17.
Heliconia Cythera, Hewitson, Equatorial Lepidoptera, p. 9.

Upprrrstpz. Male, black glossed with blue. Anterior wing crossed trans-
versely beyond the middle by a quinquefid band of carmine and white: the outer
margin with minute white spots. Posterior wing with the outer margin lilac-white,
intersected at the end of the nervures by distinct broad black lines.

Unprrsipr as above, except that the band of the anterior wing is paler, and
that the posterior wing has the base of the costal margin and a longitudinal band
before the middle, yellow.

Exp. 24% inch. Hab. Ecuador. (Angus, Buckley.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Very near to H. Cyrbia, but differs from it in having the anterior wing narrower, the outer
margin spotted with white only, whilst Cyrbia has the fringe altogether white, and in having the

white outer margin of the posterior wing broader and not intersected by black lines between the
nervures.

HELICONIA ALITHEA. 18.
Feliconia Alithea, Hewitson. Equatorial Lep. p. 10.

Uprersrpe dark brown, tinted with blue near the base of both wings. Anterior
wing crossed at the middle by a broad irregular band of yellow, divided by black
nervures into eight parts (one of which is within the cell), increasing in size from that
on the costal margin, which is bifid: a spot below these at the anal angle also yellow.
Posterior wing with the outer margin broadly yellow, intersected by the nervures,
which are black, and divided on its inner border, between these, by black lines.

Unpersipz as above, except that the anterior wing has the band almost white,
and a submarginal band of white spots, and that the posterior wing has the base of
the costal margin yellow, a short longitudinal band of brick-red from the inner
margin, and the band of the outer margin white.

Exp. 3344 inch. Hab. Ecuador. (Jorge, Buckley.)

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This species was previously in the Collection of Mr. Saunders, and belongs to the group of which
H. Cydno and Sappho form part.

HELICONIA UNIMACULATA. 19.
Fleliconia Unimaculata, Hewitson. Equatorial Lep. p. 10.

Uprrrsipe. Male, dark brown. Anterior wing with a quadrate quinquefid
yellow spot beyond the middle and near the costal margin bordered outwardly with
carmine.

Published April 1st, 1871.]

HELICONIDA.—HELICONTA.

Unpers1bE as above, except that the anterior wing has the base of the costal
margin carmine, and the spot without its carmine border: that the posterior wing
has the costal margin yellow at the base, and two carmine spots near it.

Exp. 24% inch. Hab. Ecuador. (Canelos, Buckley.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
Unlike any other species: may be a variety of H. Notabilis.

HELICONIA HIERAX. 20.
Feliconia Hierax, Hewitson. Equat. Lep. p. \1.

Upprrsipe black. Anterior wing with a band of scarlet (divided by the sub-

median nervure) from the base outwards; crossed at the middle (at a right angle
with the costal margin) by an irregular band of yellow (as in H. Clysonyma), com-
mencing on the costal margin by a separate spot, and divided by black nervures into
six parts: a small subapical trifid spot of yellow. Posterior wing crossed near the
base by a broad band of scarlet, divided into seven parts by the nervures which are
black.

Unprrsipr pale brown. Anterior wing with the band and spot as above.
Posterior wing with the base of the costal margin yellow: two scarlet spots near the
base: indistinct rays of grey-white on both sides of the nervures from the middle to
a series of submarginal white spots.

Exp. 3379 inch. Hab. Ecuador. (Rio Topo, Buckley.)

Near to Clysonyma ; too near to Himera of Hewitson to be specifically distinct.

HELICONIA TIMARETA. 21.
Heliconia Timareta, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 563, 1867.

Upprrsiper black. Anterior wing with one large central angular white spot,
divided by the nervures, which are black, into seven unequal parts, five of which are
above the median nervure: one, larger than the rest, within the cell, one above the
subcostal nervure, and three (one of which is very minute) below this; the other two
portions, which are below the median nervure, are large, and separated by the second
median nervule.

Unperrsipr dark brown. Wings as above, except that the anterior wing has a
scarlet spot at the base of the costal margin, and that the posterior wing is pale
yellow at the base of the costal margin, and has four scarlet spots at the base of the
wing.

Exp. 33 inch. Hab. Eeuador. (Buckley.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Not unlike H Heurippa of Hewitson, if that species were deprived of its red spots. Some
small examples have the spot within the cell of a different form.

ee. oe) a ir ee ore 7 ye

HELICONID.

TITHOREA AND HELICONIA. VII.

TITHOREA TAMASEA. 1, 2, 3.

>

Uprerstpe. Male, black. Both wings crossed beyond the middle by a series
of pale yellow spots: both with white spots on the fringe. Posterior wing crossed
near the base by a transverse hexafid band of pale yellow.

UnpErsIDE as above, except that both wings are crossed by a submarginal
series of lilac-white spots: that the anterior wing has a longitudinal ochreous band
from the base and two rufous spots (one large) near the apex : that the posterior wing
has an ochreous band near the base parallel to the costal margim and a broad rufous
band beyond the middle preceding the yellow spots.

Female like the male except that it is larger, that the band near the base of the
posterior wing is broken into isolated spots one of which is partly rufous and that on
the underside the rufous colouring covers a much larger space.

Exp. 339 inch. Hab. New Granada. (Villagomes.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Tt is I think most probable that the ordinary female will resemble the male of the figure and that
the female now figured is a variety. I have a variety of the male exactly similar.

HELICONIA TEMERINDA. 23.

Uprrersipe. Male, blue-black. Anterior wing with a spot in the cell, a trans-
verse irregular band divided into nine parts beyond the middle, a submarginal series
of seven ill-defined spots and between them and the margin three or four indistinct
linear spots all lilac-white. Posterior wing crossed near the outer margin by a band of
yellow divided into seven distinct portions by the nervures.

UnprrsieE as above, except that the anterior wing from its median nervure and
its first branch to the inner margin is pale grey and brown: that the base of the costal

K
Published April 1st, 1873.]

HELICONIDA.—TITHOREA.

margin of the posterior wing is yellow, that there is a rufous ring round its centre, and
that the yellow band is almost white.
Exp. 33 inch. Hab. New Granada. (Villagomes.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

With this species there is a variety in which the band and white spots of the anterior wing are
yellow, also varieties of 7’, Humboldtii in which the bands and spots of both wings are bright yellow.

HELICONIA CHOARINA. 24, 25.
Feliconia Choarina. Hewitson. Entom. Mon. Mag. Vol. IX. p. 83 (1872).

Uprrrsipr. Black: Anterior wing tinted with blue; an irrorated band of
white from the base: crossed beyond the middle by a curved irregular band of six
white spots three of which are bifid and by a submarginal band of white spots (some
in pairs). Posterior wing crossed beyond the middle by a broad band divided by the
nervures into eight spots six of which are pale yellow, the two nearest the apex white :
a submarginal series of white spots in pairs between the middle of the wing and the
anal angle.

Unversipx as above except that it is rufous-brown, that the band from the base
of the anterior wing is broader and has below it a spot which is attached to the lowest
spot of the central band and that there is a marginal series of white spots in pairs:
that the posterior wing has the base of the costal margin white, is crossed before the
middle by a lilac-white band, and has the transverse band white.

Exp. 3345 inch. Hab. Ecuador. (Buckley.)

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This adds a third species to that very rare groupe represented hitherto by H. Cassandra and
H. Hecuba which so much resemble Tithorea Humboldtii and Bonplandi.

EE ELe ON ID A.
HELICONIA. VIII.

HELICONIA PACHINUS. 26.
FTeliconius Pachinus, Salvin, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1869.

UrrrrsipE black, tinted with blue on the basal half of the anterior wing:
anterior wing crossed at the middle beyond the end of the cell from the costal margin
to near the anal angle where there are two yellow spots by a broad equal band of
yellow divided into xize parts (three of which are above the costal nervure) by the
nervures: crossed near the apex by a quinquefid band of yellow. Posterior wing
crossed beyond the middle parallel to the outer margin by a broad band of yellow
divided into eight parts by the nervures.

UnpersIDE as above except that the anterior wing is scarlet at the base of the
costal margin and has some white spots near the outer margin from the middle to the
anal angle : that the posterior wing has the base of the costal margin and a quinquefid
basal spot scarlet and is tinted with blue which is traversed by a series of indistinct
white sgots near the outer margin.

Exp. 83 inch. Hab. Chiriqui.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONIA HEWITSONI. 27.
Leliconia Hewitsoni, Staudinger, MS.

Uprrrsipe black tinted with blue on the basal half of the anterior wing.
Anterior wing crossed by two bands of yellow: the first near the middle from the
costal nervure to near the anal angle divided into four parts by the nervures the first
part within the cell: the second band near the apex quinquefid. Posterior wing
crossed beyond the middle parallel to the outer margin by a broad band of yellow
divided into eight parts by the nervures.

Unprrsipr as above except that the anterior wing has the base of the costal
margin scarlet and a ray of ochreous yellow from the base to the central band: that
the posterior wing has the base of the costal margin and a quinquefid basal spot
scarlet.

Exp. 33% inch. Hab. Chiriqui.

In the Collection of W, C. Hewitson.

1 had given this species another name, when I received notice from Dr. Staudinger that he had
already described it as it now stands, accompanied by the assurance that his description would be

published before the appearance of this, otherwise the present name would certainly not have been
adopted by me.

Published July 1st, 1875.]

HELICONIDA.—HELICONIA.

HELICONIA GYNAESIA. 28.
Heliconia Gynaesia, Hewitson, Entom. Mon. Mag., page 182, 1875.

Uprersipge dark brown. Both wings crossed near the outer margin by a
series of yellow spots: irregular in size on the anterior wing: regular, seven in
number and cordate on the posterior wing. Anterior wing with a trifid spot at the
iniddle of the costal margin, a larger trifid spot below this and a pyriform spot
between the first and second branches of the median nervure: all yellow. Posterior
wing crossed near the base by a broad band of orange.

Unperrsipe as above except that the base of the costal margin of the anterior
wing is yellow: the base of the posterior wing orange.

Exp. 3385 inch.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson. :

I purchased this species at the sale of the Norris collection and do not know its locality.

HELICONIA LONGARENA. 29.
Heliconia Longarena, Hewitson, Ent. Mon. Mag., page 182, 1875.

UppersipE black. Both wings crossed near the outer margin by a series of
longitudinally bifid pale yellow spots: irregular on the anterior wing where it com-
mences by a larger trifid spot: regular on the posterior wing where it is composed of
seven spots. Anterior wing with a large scarlet spot from the base divided into three
parts by the median nervure and its first branch, an oblique band of three pale
yellow spots at the middle, the first spot near the costal margin trifid, the third bifid,
all more or less irrorated with brown. Posterior wing crossed near the base by a
broad scarlet band.

UnpersIbe as above, except that the base of the costal margin of the anterior
wing is orange: the base of the posterior wing yellow succeeded by orange.

Exp. 335 inch. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
I am indebted to Mr. James Backhouse of York for this very beautiful species.

HELICONIDE.

ATHESIS ACRISIONE. 1.

Athesis Acrisione, Hewitson. Equat. Lep. p. 12, 1869.

Uprersips. Male, transparent rufous-white. Anterior wing with the costal
margin to the middle, the inner margin which is broad, the outer margin which is
narrow, a band at the middle of the cell, a band at the end of the cell, the three
branches of the median nervure, and the median nervure between them all black: the
apex and the costal and outer margins to their middle rufous-orange : two or three
indistinct subapical black spots. Posterior wing with a broad band at the middle,
the outer margin which is broad, and the nervures between them black: a submar-
ginal series of twelve white spots.

Unpers1Dz as above, except that the anterior wing has some small white spots
at the apex and on the outer margin towards the anal angle, and that the costal
margin of the posterior wing is yellow from the base to the middle, and rufous

beyond.
Female does not differ from the male.
Exp. 33% inch. Hab. Ecuador. (Villano, Buckley.)
In the Collections of W. C. Hewitson and W. W. Saunders.

ATHESIS DERCYLLIDAS. 2, 3.

¢ Dircenna Dercyllidas, Hewitson. Trans. Ent. Soc. 3 Ser. Vol. II. Plate 16,
F. 4, p. 248.

Uprrrsipe. Male, transparent rufous-white: the margins black. Anterior
wing with the costal margin and the inner border of the inner margin which is broad,
rufous : the nervures, a band at the end of the cell, a spot beyond it on the costal
margin, a subapical band, a spot between the discoidal nervures and a spot on the
outer margin between the median nervules all black. Posterior wing crossed
obliquely from the inner margin to below the apex by a band of black, the nervures
between this band and the outer margin broad and black.

Unpersipz as above, except that the margins and bands are rufous and that
the costal margin of the posterior wing is pale green interrupted below the middle
by a black spot.

Female as above, except that the anterior wing is much broader, the space
between the second and third branches of the median nervule and the apex also black.

Exp. 2y’9 inch. Hab. Ecuador.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Published 1st January, 1872.]

HELICONID®.—ATHESIS.

HELICONIA CHESTERTONII. 22.

UprrerstpE blue with the margins broadly dark brown. Posterior wing crossed
transversely before the middle by a band of pale yellow divided by the nervures into
eight parts.

Unpersipr brown: the band paler, extending in a point to a little above the
apex.

Exp. 23% inch. Hab. Columbia. (Chesterton.)

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.
Named after Mr. Chesterton, who first made it known to us and is now in Columbia doing his
best to add to our treasures.

MECHANITIS MANTINEUS. 16.
Mechanitis Mantineus, Hewitson. LEquat. Lep. p. 12, 1869.

Uprrrsipr. Male, black. Anterior wing with a linear spot from the base, an
oblong spot within the cell, a small spot below this, and an irregular oblique band
beyond the middle pale semitransparent yellow : an orange spot near the anal angle.
Posterior wing crossed before the middle by a straight band of pale yellow: beyond
the middle by a broken band of orange spots and by a submarginal series of white
spots.

Unpersip# as above, except that the anterior wing has a submarginal series of
white spots, and that the posterior wing has the base yellow.

Exp. 25%; inch. Hab. Ecuador. (Angus, Buckley.)

In the Collections of W. C. Hewitson and W. W. Saunders.

HELICONID&.

MECHANITIS. Fabricius.

MECHANITIS MENAPIS, 1.

UprrrsipE. Female, black. Anterior wimg with a small space of orange at
the base (more or less distinct); an oblique band before the middle, narrow and
yellow where it crosses the cell, broad and orange below it ; followed by three oblong
spots of yellow, two in the form of a second oblique band, the third across the
apex. Posterior wing with the base broadly orange. Both wings with a submar-
ginal row of minute white spots.

Unpersive as above, with the submarginal spots more distinct.

The Male has the wings longer in proportion to their breadth.

Expan. 23% im. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

MECHANITIS MENOPHILUS, 2, 3.

Uprersipe (fig. 3). Male, orange. Anterior wing from the base to beyond
the middle orange, followed by and united to a broad oblique band of pale
ellow, dentated or sinuated on its outer edge. The margins (the immer margin
broad), from the base to the middle; a triangular spot within the cell; four spots
(one on the yellow) at the middle of the wing; sometimes a fifth (a small one)
on the costal margin; and the apex; black. Posterior wing with two macular longi-
tudinal bands of black from the inner margin to beyond the middle.

UnpersibDE as above, except that the posterior wing has the costal margin at the
base yellow, and a line and spot of black also near the base.

The Female differs only in being without the yellow at the base of the posterior
wing on the underside.

Expan. 23% to 334 im. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species varies greatly in size. Fig. 2, though a female, does not mark a sexual distinction,
but one to which several of the Heliconidz are subject. A male in my collection is similarly
coloured with black, and is larger than the same sex at fig. 3.

HELICONIDZ—MECHANITIS.

MECHANITIS MESSATIS, 4.

Uprrrsipe. Female. Anterior wing black, with numerous spots of white ;
from the base to the middle of the cell (except the costal margin, which is black),
bounded by the first median nervule, and ending im a point before it reaches the
outer margin, with a part of the costal margin, orange. ‘The spots form three irre-
gular oblique bands across the wing ; the first band of three spots, the first of which
crosses the cell, the third is near the anal angle; the second and third bands each
of three spots, those near the costal margin bifid; two spots near the apex, and a
submarginal row of six smaller spots placed in pairs. Posterior wing orange, with a
curved band of black from the costal margin to the middle of the third median
nervule. The outer margin broadly black, with a row of mimute indistinct white spots.

Unpersipg, as above, with the submarginal spots continuous and much more
distinct ; the base of the posterior wing marked with a yellow spot and a black line,
which is united to the curved band described above.

The male I have not seen.

Expan. 338; in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This, the most beautiful species of its genus, has a considerable resemblance to Heliconia

Ismenius of Latreille. With many more new species which we hope to publish, this formed part of
a very fine collection of butterflies made by Mrs. Mark during a residence at Bogota.

MECHANITIS MNASIAS, 5.

Uprrersipr. Male. Anterior wing with a large spot at the base, and two small
spots between it and the outer margin, touching the first median nervule, orange ;
an oblong oblique spot across the cell; a spot below it united to a curved, broad,
irregular, transverse band beyond the middle; light transparent yellow. Posterior
wing orange, transparent at the base, with a longitudinal band across the middle, and
the outer margin, black. Both wings with a submarginal row of distinct white spots.

UnpersIDE as above, except that the orange at the base is united to and forms
one with the two small spots described above, and that there is a band of black near
the costal margin of the posterior wing, from the base till it is united to the central
band.

Expan. 233 in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONIDE.
MECHANITIS. II.

MECHANITIS MAELUS. 6. 9.

Urrrrsipz. Female, fig. 9, black. Anterior wing with the costal nervure, the
median nervure and its first branch, a spot at its termination, a band (which having
its origin on the costal margin), joins it; all brick-red; followed by a zig-zag band of
pale yellow, by a band of brick-red, by three spots (one bifid) of pale yellow near the
apex, and lastly, by a submarginal band of bifid brick-red spots. A spot of pale
yellow at the anal angle. Posterior wing with a band on the costal margin from the
base to the apex, where it is jomed by a second longitudinal band; two linear spots
near the outer margin, and some of the nervures all brick-red ; a black spot near the
apex.

UNDERSIDE as above.

Variety, fig. 6, with the red bands much brighter, the pale-yellow spots near the
apex absent, the larger bifid spot near the costal margin represented by two minute
spots; the pale-yellow spot at the anal angle absent. The posterior wing from the
second band to the outer margin marked by a band of oblong spots from the anal
angle to the middle of the wing. The outer margin marked at the terminus of each
nervule with a minute black spot. The underside as above.

Expan. 34 in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

MECHANITIS MAINIUS. 7.

Uprrrsipe. Male black. Anterior wing with the costal and median nervures
from the base to their junction with a band of the same colour, which crosses the wing
at the middle, brick-red. The said band marked by a triangular black spot, and _fol-
lowed (touching it) by a band of pale yellow. The margins of the two bands, where
they meet, marked by three black spots common to both. Posterior wing with two
longitudinal bands, two spots at the apex and part of the nervures brick-red. The
first band, which commences on the inner margin near the base, and runs near the

costal margin, ends above one of the spots at the apex. The second band is central
and short.

UnpERSIDE as above, except that the red spots at the apex of the posterior wing
are united, and the second band is extended to the inner margin.

Expan. 3,% in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONIDH—MECHANITIS.

MECHANITIS MAZAUS. 8.

Uprrersipr. Female rufous orange. Anterior wing with a band near and
parallel to the inner margin; two spots (one within the cell); a large oblong spot
from the costal margin to the middle of the wing, with below it a band keeping the
line of the second median nervule; all black. The apex broadly black, crossed by a
rufous band. Posterior wing crossed in the middle by a broad longitudinal band of
black divided by some rufous nervules. The outer margin broadly black from the
anal angle to the middle, followed by two or three black spots.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that there is a row of minute white spots on the
outer margin of both wings.

Expan. 3; in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

MECHANITIS MARSAUS. 10.

Urrrrsipr. Male black. Anterior wing with the costal nervure ; a band which
accompanies the median nervure and its first branch to the outer margin, joing a
second band which has its origin on the costal margin ; all orange—followed by a
broad irregular transverse band of pale yellow, and by three piriform orange spots
near the apex. Posterior wing with a band on the costal margin at its base, a broad
longitudinal band in the middle; a submarginal band from the anal angle to the

middle of the wing, on the outer margin, and a lunular spot near the apex ; all
black.

Unpers1pz as above, except that there is a second band of bifid-rufous spots on
the anterior wing, nearer the margin than those described.

Expan. 3in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

1H

M

MECHANITIS. III.

MECHANITIS MACRINUS. 11.

Uprsrsipr. Male. Anterior wing black. The base and the inner margin, to
the first median nervule, orange. ‘The costal margin, a spot in the cell, and a band
near and parallel to the inner margin, black ; followed (touching it) by a broad band
of pale yellow, a small oblong spot beyond the middle, and a transverse band near the
apex, also yellow. Posterior wing orange, with a longitudinal band, and the outer
margin (which is broad) black. Two minute white spots near the middle of the outer
margin.

Unpersipe as above, except that the posterior wing has the base yellow; the
base of the subcostal nervure black, and a small black spot near the apex; that it
has no longitudinal band, and that both wings have a submarginal bana of distinct
white spots.

Expan. 2;% m. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

There is a variety of this species without the longitudinal black band of the posterior wing.

MECHANITIS MANSUETUS. 12.

Uprersipg. Female orange. Anterior wing with the base of the costal margin,
a band near the base of the inner margin, a spot in the cell, a spot below it, two spots
at the end of the cell connected by a black line, all black ; followed (touching the two
black spots) by a transverse band of pale yellow, broad above, narrow and linear on
its approach to the outer margin. From this band to the apex black, with three mi-
nute yellow spots near the outer margin. Posterior wing, with part of the costal margin,
a broad band from the inner margin to the middle of the wing crossed by rufous
nervures, aud a band of triangular spots on the outer margin, black.

Unprrsipr as above, except that there are some white spots on the black of the
outer margin of the posterior wing.

Expan. 2,8 in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONID®—MECHANITIS.

MECHANITIS MENECLES. 13.

Uprrrsipe. Female. Anterior wing black, marked with five spots of light
yellow. One spot within the cell; a second between the median nervules (with near
it a small rufous spot) ; a third spot on the costal margin ; the fourth near the middle
of the outer margin; the fifth, near the apex, trifid. A submarginal row of small
white spots. A large rufous space at the base, the submedian nervure which crosses
it black. Posterior wing, with the outer margin, and two small spots near the costal
margin, black.

UnpeErsIp# as above, except that the posterior wing is crossed longitudinally by
five black spots; that there is a black spot at the end of the cell (within it), and a
submarginal row of white spots.

Expan. 2,5 in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

MECHANITIS MOTHONE. 14.

Upprrsipr. Male black. Anterior wing crossed by a very broad rufous band,
marked with four black spots, and deeply sinuated where it touches the outer margin.
Posterior wing with the apex rufous.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that the rufous spot on the apex of the posterior
wing is extended to the middle of the costal margin.

Expan. 3in. Hab. New Granada.
In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

MECHANITIS METERUS. 15.

Uprrrsipr. Female black. Anterior wing crossed at the middle by a very
broad band of orange, marked with three black spots (one within the cell), and deeply
sinuated where it nearly touches two yellow spots on the middle of the outer margin.
Posterior wing with the apex broadly orange, marked with a black spot.

UNDERSIDE as above.

Expan. 3,44 in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson,

HELICONID &.
ITHOMIA. Audner.

ITHOMIA ONEGA. 1.

UprerstpE deep black. Anterior wing with a triangular spot at the base, an oblong
one across the cell,a band obliquely across the wing beyond the middle, and a small spot
within the lower end of the same, transparent white, tinged with purple. Posterior wing
with a horizontal, transparent belt, which occupies the whole of the inner margin.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that the anterior wing has a rufous line parallel to the
outer margin, and a similar line of the same colour surrounds the posterior wing except on
the inner margin, and that both wings have three or more dots of white on the apical
margin.

Expan. 2; in. Hab. River Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA ILLINISSA. 2.

Urrersipe. Anterior wing dark brown, with a large triangular rufous patch at the
base, cut in two by the median nervure, and six transparent spots, one oblong within the
cell, two (one double) half way between it and the apex near the costa; one (double)
oblong near the apex, and two between it and the anal angle, white or tinged with purple.
Posterior wing rufous, the margin and a line parallel to it dark brown.

UnpersipeE. As above, except that there are three or four dots of white at the
apical angle of both wings, and that the submarginal black line passes round the
posterior wing except on the inner margin.

Expan. 2 in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA SAREPTA. 3.

Urrersipe. Anterior wing with the basal half transparent-rufous, bordered with
black. The apical half crossed obliquely by a broad orange band, also bordered with
black, except on the costal margin ; the apex with three or four indistinct transparent
dots. Posterior wing transparent with the nervures strong and black, the outer margin
broadly black with central belt of orange.

Expan. 1° in. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson. B

HELICONIDH—ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA EGRA. 4.

Urrersipg. Anterior wing black. A triangular patch at the base, a large oblong
spot across the cell, a curved band commencing on the costa beyond the middle and
reaching to nearly the anal angle, deeply sinuated inwardly, outwardly taking the bend
of the outer margin, divided by the nervures into six unequal oblong spots, the fourth
from the costa not half the length of the rest, all transparent tinged with purple. Poste-
rior wing transparent tinged with purple, with a broad border of orange, edged with black.

Unversipe. Anterior wing with a curved line at the end of the cell, and a belt
parallel to the outer margin rufous. Posterior wing with the orange border extending
along the upper margin. Both wings with two or three white lunules, each on the
margin below the apex.

Expan. 1-2 in. Hab. River Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.
This butterfly is nearly allied to Cramer’s Flora, and is possibly only a variety of that species.

ITHOMIA GALITA. 5.

UprersivE transparent, tinged with purple. Anterior wing with the upper and outer
margins, the space between the median nervure, its first nervule and the inner margin a
broad, triangular, oblique band at the end of the cell, and the second and third median
nervules (which are much thicker than the rest) black. Posterior wing with a broad
rufous border, edged with black.

Unversipz. Anterior wing rufous, where black above. Posterior wing with the
rufous border extending along the upper margin. Both wings with the white lunules on
the margin below the apex.

Expan. 1°, m. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA SISERA. 6.

UprersibE transparent, ferruginous. Anterior wing with the upper, outer, and part
of the inner margin black, a narrow triangular belt across the end of the cell, and the
second and third median nervules (which are slightly thickened and curved) black.
Posterior wing with a very broad border of orange, edged with black.

Unpersipz. Anterior wing with the centre of the triangular belt and of the black
margin at the apex, rufous. Posterior wing with the rufous border extending along the
upper margin.

The usual white spots near the apex of both wings.

Expan. 1;°>1n. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

HELICON. D &:
ITHOMIA II.

ITHOMIA ALIA. 1.

UprersipE. Anterior wing with a large triangular transparent, slightly rufous
space, from the base to nearly the end of the cell, where it gives place to a spot of
white ; the rest black, with a curved band of four transparent unequal spots of lilac-
white. Posterior wing rufous, lightest in the middle, and bordered with black, except
on the inner margin.

Unprrsive. Differs from the upperside in having a line of lilac-white at the apex
of each wing.

Exp. 15 in. Hab. River Amazon.

In the Collection of Mr. Bates.

This species is nearly allied to Ithomia Illinissa of this work. In colour they scarcely differ.

ITHOMIA PATILLA. 2.

Urrrrsipr. Anterior wing black, crossed by two broad bands. One from the base
to near the anal angle transparent rufous-white ; the other from the costal margin at
the end of the cell to near the middle of the outer margin, the upper part of an opaque
white, the lower part transparent and divided by a strong black nervure. Posterior
wing transparent rufous-white, broadly bordered (except on the inner margin) with black
with three or four points of white upon the outer margin.

UnprrsipE. As above, except that the margins of both wings are rufous.

Exp. 2% in. Hab. Mexico.

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

ITHOMIA LEILA. 3.

Urrersipg. Anterior wing black with two broad transparent bands as in the last
species. One from the base to near the anal angle; the other (the upper part of which
is opaque white) from the costal margin at the end of the cell to near the middle of the
outer margin. Between the lower end of these bands a large oval transparent spot.
The apex with one or two white points.

HELICONID®—ITHOMIA.

Posterior wing narrow, and of unusual length, transparent, broadly bordered with
black, except on the inner margin, with a submarginal row of white points.
Unpersiwe. With the whole space which is black above, rufous.
Exp. 24 in. Hab. Mexico.
In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

ITHOMIA FIAMMETTA. 4.

Urrersipg. Anterior wing black, with a large triangular space of orange at the
base, followed by a triangular black spot, two small spots of a glossy, transparent, white,
and a broad band across the wing of the same colour. Posterior wing transparent and
glossy, broadly bordered (except at the base of the inner margin) with black. Both
wings with a submarginal row of white points.

UnpersipE. As above.

Exp. 2,, in. Hab. South America.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

I bought this very beautiful and distinct species at a sale, and know not of what part of South
America it is a native. By the nervures of the underwing it would come under Doubleday’s genus Sais ;
I am unwilling to separate it from Ithomia.

ITHOMIA THEA. 5.

Urrrrsipr. Anterior wing black, with a large triangular space of orange at the base ;
a large irregular spot of yellow beyond the middle deeply stnuated on the inner margin,
dentated on the outer margin. Posterior wing orange, the margins (except the inner
one near the base) and a belt near and parallel to them, black. Both wings with a sub-
marginal row of white points.

UNDERSIDE, as above.

Exp. 2. in. Hab. River Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C, Hewitson.

Nearly allied to N. Ninonia of Hubner.

ITHOMIA TUTIA. 6:

Uprersipg. Anterior wing with the base, and a space parallel to the imner margin
rufous, marked with a triangular, and two round spots of black. The rest of the wing
light black, crossed obliquely beyond the middle by an irregular belt of yellow, a semi-
transparent space between it and the apex, the apex with three small points of yellow.
Posterior wing rufous, with the margins, and a central transverse belt, black.

Unversipr. As above, except that both wings have a submarginal row of white
points.

Exp. 2-4 inch. Hab. River Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONIDE.
ITHOMIA III.

ITHOMIA VALLONIA. 13.

UprrersipeE. Male. Anterior wing transparent, slightly tinted with yellow. The
base and a spot near the anal angle orange. A triangular spot within the cell, a band at
the end of the cell (sinuated on both sides), the second median nervule which is broad,
the apex and the margins (the outer margin very broadly so) black. Posterior wing
with the upper half transparent, slightly tinted with crimson, followed by a narrow band
of black, a band of orange, and a marginal border of black. Both wings with a submar-
ginal row of white spots.

UNDERSIDE as above.

Expan. 24, in. Hab. River Amazon.

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

This very beautiful species, from the Collection of Mr. Saunders, might easily be mistaken for Sais
Cyrianassa of Doubleday, figured in the “ Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera.” It is, however, very distinct,
and differs from it in the position of the nervures of the posterior wing.

ITHOMIA VEIA. 14.

Urrrrsipe. Female, transparent. Anterior wing, slightly tinted with yellow
with the margins (narrow except at the apex), a band at the end of the cell (slightly
forked at its lower end), and the nervures (except where they are crossed by a large
oblique spot of yellow beyond the end of the cell), black. Posterior wing with a broad
costal and outer margin, and the nervures black.

UnpersivE rufous where black above. Apex of the anterior wing and margin of
the posterior with white lunular spots.

Expan. 2 in. Hab. unknown.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA SALAPIA. 15.

Urrrrsipz. Male transparent, slightly tinted with green. Anterior wing with
the margins broadly black. A band at the end of the cell, and the second and third
median nervules which proceed from it also black. The usual spot on the costal margin,
and one or two at the apex, white. Posterior wing with a broad border of black on the
costal and outer margins; the nervures white till they approach the outer margin, where
they become black.

HELICONIDA—ITHOMIA III.

Uypersipr with a rufous band through the middle of the black margins, except the
costal margin of the posterior wing, the base of which is marked by a line of yellow;
the apex of the anterior wing, and the outer margin of the posterior, with white spots.

Female does not differ.

Expan. 1-5 in. Hab. Quito.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.
This species has a remarkable oval projection near the costal margin on the underside of the pos-
terior wing, which, on the upperside, forms a cup that is filled with hair.

ITHOMIA TERRA. 16.

UrrersipE. Male transparent. Anterior wing with the margins (the inner margin to
the median nervure and its first nervule), a triangular spot at the end of the cell, and the
nervures black. Posterior wing with the costal and outer margins and nervures black ; the
second and third median nervules, and the median nervure between them broadly black.

Unprrsipe rufous where black above. The apex of both wings with two or three
white spots.

Expan. 2in. Hab. Colombia.

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

The male of this species has the same cup-like depression on the margin of the posterior wing which
I have just referred to in the last species.

ITHOMIA VESTILLA. 17.

Uprersipe. Female transparent. Anterior wing with the margins (broad at the
apex), a triangular band at the end of the cell, and the nervures (except where they are
crossed by a large spot of yellow) black. The second median nervule broadly black,
forming, with the band at the end of the cell, a continuous band across the wing.
Posterior wing with the margins and nervures black.

UnbersIDE with a rufous band through the black margins; apex of both wings
with two or three white spots.

Expan. 1%, in. Hab. River Amazon.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA VIRGINIA. 18.

UprersipE. Male. Anterior wing dark brown, with a triangular spot at the
base, and an oblong spot below it parallel to the outer margin, of a clouded transparent
white ; crossed beyond the middle by a broad transverse band of white, the nervures on
its outer edge black. Posterior wing of a clouded transparent white, a broad margin of
brown on the costal and outer margins; the nervures black.

Unperstpe. Anterior wing with a rufous band near the outer margins; posterior
wing surrounded by it, except on the inner margin.

Female does not differ.

Expan. 2in. Hab. River Amazon.
In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

Printed by Hidbnandel & Walton

CELEMIA

THOMIA

EE e ON 1 Dz:
ITHOMIA. IV.

ITHOMIA ILERDA. 19.

Uprrrsips. Male. Anterior wing black; the base and two spots obliquely
across the middle transparent; crossed near the apex by a broad curved band of
orange. Posterior wing transparent tmted with purple, the nervures and costal and
outer margins brown.

UnpERsIDE as above, with three or four small white spots at the apex of both
wings; the brown margin of the posterior wing traversed by a line of orange.
Expan. 148; m. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of the Entomological Society.
This species, though very distinct, has at first sight a great resemblance to Ithomia Alia of
this work.

ITHOMIA PERIDIA. 20.

Upprrsipr. Male. Anterior wing black, with numerous semi-transparent
nearly white spots, one within the cell (a double triangle); a second on the costal
margin beyond the middle; a third a little below it; two macular bands parallel to
the outer margin, the first of five large spots, the second near the margin of eight
small spots. Posterior wing orange from the inner margin to the middle; the rest
black, with two rows of spots, as on the anterior wing; the first of three spots (one
united to the orange); the submarginal row of fine spots.

UnpersipE as above, with an oblong spot of yellow and orange on the costal
margin at the base of the posterior wing.

Expan. 23% m. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of the Entomological Society.

ITHOMIA HEZIA. 21.

Uppersipe. Female. Anterior wing black, with numerous semi-transparent
spots of light yellow, one within the cell (a double triangle); two macular bands,
each of fine spots, somewhat parallel to the outer margin, the first a little beyond the
middle of the wing; two small spots on the costal margin; and three or four at
the apex which are white. Posterior wing from the inner margin to the middle
brick-red ; the rest dark brown, with a small white spot near the apex.

Unpzrsipr. Anterior wing as above. Posterior wing with an orange spot at
the base, and a row of white spots near the costal and outer margins.

Expan. 235 in. Hab. Nicaragua.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

N.B. This species is more properly a Mechanitis. I was misled by its resemblance to two other
figures of the plate.

HELICONID®—ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA CELEMIA. 22.

Uprrrsive. Male. Anterior wing, with a large space of orange at the base,
marked near the inner margin by a line of black; the rest black, with numerous spots
of light yellow; one (a double triangle) in the cell; two macular bands parallel to
the outer margin, the first of five large spots (one of which joms the orange space),
the other near the outer margin of seven small spots. Posterior wing very small,
orange, the outer margin broadly black marked with four white spots.

Unprrstpr as above, except that the posterior wing has the costal margin
broadly black, marked at the base by a linear spot of yellow and orange; two spots
of black project from the costal margin.

Expan. 2345 in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of the Entomological Society.

ITHOMIA AZARA. 23.

Uprrrsipe. Male semi-transparent. Anterior wing rufous at the base;
marked in the middle by a triangular black spot ; crossed obliquely at the middle
by a broad irregular band of light yellow, reaching from the costal margin to near
the anal angle, where it is bifid, its inner border marked by two black spots. ‘The
rest of the wing black, with a spot. of yellow at the apex. Posterior wing rufous, the
outer margin and an indistinct transverse band black.

UnpersipE as above, except that there is a line of white spots upon the outer
margin of both wings.

Expan. 233; in. Hab. Quito.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

There is a variety of this species, with the yellow band less oblique, and without the yellow spot
at the apex.

pls
)

LE i €-OrN TD A:
ITHOMIA. V.

ITHOMIA DIONAIA. 24.

Uprrrsipe. Anterior wing with the basal half orange, the cell marked by an
oblique black spot ; the apical half of the wing black, with an oblong spot (touching
the orange space), an oblique nearly straight band, and a submarginal row of seven
spots (three at the apex large, and touching each other), all yellow.

Posterior wing orange, with the margin and a central longitudinal band black.

Unperstpz as above, except that the outer margin of the posterior wing has a
row of white spots.

The sexes do not differ.

Expan. 23 in. Hab. Venezuela.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA FENESTELLA. 25.

Uprerstipr. Anterior wing with the basal half orange, marked with two
triangular black spots; apical half black with an oblique zigzag band and a sub-
marginal row of seven small spots yellow. Posterior wing orange, with the outer
margin, a central longitudinal band, and a small triangular spot black.

UnpersipE as above, except that there is on the anterior wing a line of
orange between the band and the submarginal spots, and a submarginal row of white
spots on the posterior wing.

The sexes do not differ.

Expan. 2345 im. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This species may be only a variety of I. Dionzea, which it much resembles. I have both sexes
of each.

ITHOMIA FLUONIA. 26.

Uprersipr. Female, anterior wing black. The inner margin, the costal margin
to the middle, and a small indistinct spot near the apex, rufous ; the centre, with a
multiform spot of yellow. Posterior wing rufous, with a central longitudinal band of
black.

UNDERSIDE as above.

Expan. 23% inch. Hab. River Amazon.
In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONID#®—ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA AVELLA. 27.

Upprrstpe. Male transparent. Anterior wing with the apex, the outer margin,
the inner margin (very broad), a narrow band across the middle of the cell, a broad
one at its end, and the nervures, black. ‘The costal margin to beyond the middle,
rufous. Posterior wing with the outer margin and nervures black.

Unpmrsipe as above, except that all the black is rufous, that the posterior wing
has the base and the cup-like receptacle for the hair yellow, and that the apex of the
anterior wing, and the outer margin of the posterior wing, have white lunules.

Expan. 2346 m. Hab. New Granada.
In the Collection of the Entomological Society.

ITHOMIA DIASIA. 28.

Uprrrsipr. Male transparent. Anterior wing with the margins (the inner
margin very broad), a narrow band across the middle and end of the cell, and the
nervures, black. Posterior wing with the outer margins and nervures black.

Unpersipe as above, except that the base of the posterior wing is yellow, the
costal margin orange, and that the apex of the anterior wing and outer margin of
posterior wing have white spots.

Expan. 14% in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of the Entomological Society.

This and the preceding species, with I. Terra (Fig. 16), form a distinct group ; they all have the
-apex of the anterior wing produced, the outer margin long, the space between the median nervure and
the inner margin unusually broad, and the singular cup-like receptacle for the hair on the costal

margin of the posterior wing.

ITHOMIA MAKRENA. 29.

Upprrstpr. Female transparent. Anterior wing with the margins, a narrow
band across the middle of the cell, a broad one at its end, and the nervures, black.
Posterior wing with the nervures and a broad outer margin black.

Unpersipr as above, with all the black, except the band at the middle of the
cell, rufous. he apex of the anterior wing, and outer margin of the posterior wing,

with spots of white.

The sexes shghtly differ.

Expan. 14% in. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This insect is probably only a beautiful variety of the female of I. Phenomoe of Doubleday, the
male of which is figured in the “ Diurnal Lep.,” Pl. 18.. Since this figure was drawn I have seen a series

of specimens, which incline me to think so.

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W CHewitson del et ith 1864 Printed by Hidlmamdel & Walton

ITHOMIA GIULIA oa. ITHOMIA IANA
Ol ITHOMIA ALETTA 55. ITHOMIA KEDEMA
54 55. 36 ITHOMIA LAVINIA. Boisduval

Ei he O ON 1 Deak.

LTRHOMIA. .- VI.

ITHOMIA GIULIA. 30.

Urrersipe. Female transparent, slightly rufous; the margins (except the
inner margins from the base to beyond the middle) black. Anterior wing with an
oblique band at the end of the cell, and most of the nervures black ; divided into
spots beyond the middle by an indistinct cloud of neutral tint; the costal and outer
margins to the middle, and the nervures of the posterior wing (except near their
points, which are black), orange.

UnpersIDE as above, except that there are three white spots at the apex of the
anterior wing, and a line of white spots near the outer margin of the posterior wing ;
two between each nervule.

The Male does not differ, except in the form of the posterior wing.

Expan. 2345 m. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA ALETTA. 31.

Does not differ from I. Giulia except in the nervures of the posterior wing.
Male and Female alike.
Expan. 14 in. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

The same words used to describe the preceding species will apply to this as well. They are,
however, abundantly distinct, as will be seen by the very different arrangement of the nervures of the
posterior wing, better shown by delineation than description ; indeed, written descriptions only are
worse than useless to point out the nice distinctions which characterise some of the species of Ithomia.
No descriptions of Heliconidze are more accurate than those of the Icon. du Régne Animal, by M.
Guérin-Meneyille ; but are yet so insufficient, that Mr. Doubleday could not identify the Ithomias
by them, though several of them were before him, and, indeed, left them out of this genus.

ITHOMIA LATILLA. 32.

Urrrrsipr. Male transparent rufous; the margins (except the imner margin
of the posterior wing) brown. Anterior wing, with the nervures, a very slight
triangular band within the end of the cell, and an indistinct spot in the middle of
the cell, brown; divided into spots beyond the middle by a cloud of neutral tint.
Posterior wing more rufous ; the nervures entirely rufous.

UnpERsIDE as above, with two white spots at the apex of the anterior wing, and
a line of white spots near the margin of the posterior wing, large and round; one
between each nervule. :

The sexes are alike.

Expan. 139; in. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

HELICONIDH—ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA KEDEMA. 33.

Uprrrsipz. Male transparent rufous; the margins (except the immer margin of
the posterior wing) light brown. Anterior wing, with the nervures and an indistinct
spot in the middle of the cell, brown; divided into spots beyond the middle by a
cloud of neutral colour. Posterior wing, with the nervures, orange; divided into
spots near the outer margin by a cloud of neutral colour.

UnpzrsIDE as above, with two spots at the apex of the anterior wing, and a line
of oval spots near the margin of the posterior wing (two between each nervure),
white.

Expan. 225 in. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

This and the last described are as nearly allied as I. Giulia and Aletta, and derive their distinctive
characters from the same nervures of the posterior wing. They are both males. This species scarcely
differs, except in the same nervures, from C. Jemina (Hubn. Zut. 807). Dircenna Iambe—Gen. Diur.
Lep. PI. 18.

ITHOMIA LAVINIA. 34, 35, 36.
I. Lavinia. Boisd. MS.

Urrnrsipr. Male (36) transparent glossy white. Anterior wing, with the
margins, a narrow band at the end of the cell, and the nervures, black; divided into
spots beyond the middle bya cloud of neutral colour ; two indistinct spots at the apex.
Posterior wing tinted with orange beyond the middle; the nervures orange.

UnpersivE as above. ‘The white spots at the apex of the anterior wing more
distinct. ‘The costal margin of the posterior wing orange.

Females, Figs. 34, 35.

Expan. 15%, 2 2g in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collections of Dr. Boisduyal and W. C. Hewitson.

Much as these three Butterflies vary in colour, I cannot separate them. I have no doubt what-
ever that Figs. 35 and 36 are of the same species. The Female does not differ from the Male, except
in the greater quantity of colour. A Male in the Collection of Dr. Boisduval has much less orange on
the posterior wing. With regard to Fig. 34, there is room for some doubt. Besides wanting colour,
it is less glossy, has the nervures of the posterior wing black, and the margins below rufous.

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27. ITHOMIA NERO. Boisduval

sduval 40 ITHOMIA ZEA Boisduyal

NDR {I Boh
OQ D 4] ITHOMIA CESLERIA. D&

HELE C.O NLD A.

ITHOMIA. VII.

ITHOMIA NERO. 37.
I. Nero. Boisd. MS.

UprersipE. Female transparent, glossy, tinted with brown ; the margins black ;
the nervures thick and black, except where they cross the white of the anterior wing.
Anterior wing with a broad quadrate band of black at the end of the cell, followed
by a band of white which is extended in a point to nearly the middle of the outer
margin. Near the outer margin of both wings are spots of white.

UNDERSIDE as above, except that all the black is rufous.

Expan. 2345 im. Hab. Mexico.

Tn the Collection of Dr. Boisduval.

ITHOMIA ANDROMICA. 38.
I. Andromica. Boisd. MS.

UrrrrsipE. Male transparent rufous-white; the margins (except the inner
margin of the posterior wing) black; the nervures (except where they cross the
white of the anterior wing) black. Anterior wing with a triangular band of black
at the end of the cell, followed by a broad straight band of white, which reaches to
the middle of the outer margin; apex broadly black, with two white spots.

UnprrsIpE as above, except that the black is rufous, and that there are two
indistinct white spots on the apex of the anterior wing.

Expan. 2-2; m. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA OTO. 39.
TI. Oto. Boisd. MS.

Uppersipe. Female transparent rufous-white. Anterior wing, with the apex,
the margins, a broad quadrate band at the end of the cell, and the nervures (except
where they cross the white), black; a narrow curved oblique band of white crosses
the apex, terminating at the middle of the outer margin in a round spot. Posterior
wing, with the nervures (which are very fine), black; the outer margin rufous,
bordered mwardly with black.

UnpersIDE as above, except that the black is rufous.

Expan. 233; in. Hab. Guatemala.

In the Collections of Dr. Boisduyal and the British Museum.

HELICONIDH—ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA ZEA. 40.
I. Zea. Boisd. MS.

Uprrrsipg. Female transparent rufous-white ; the costal and inner margins from
the base to the middle of the wing rufous; a narrow band half across the cell beyond
the middle, and a very broad quadrate band at the end of the cell, black, followed by
a band of white termimating at the third median nervule ; the apex, the outer margin
(except where deeply sinuated beyond the middle by a spot of white), broadly black ;
a large spot of white near the apex. Posterior wing, with the nervures, which are
fine, black ; the outer margin rufous-brown, bordered inwardly with black.

UnpersIDE as above, except that all the black is rufous-brown, and that there is
one spot of white at the apex of the outer wing, and several on the outer margin of the
posterior wing.

Expan. 233; in. Hab. Mexico.

In the Collection of Dr. Boisduval.

ITHOMIA CESLERIA. 41.
I. Cesleria. Boisd. MS.

Uprrrsipr. Female: anterior wing black, with a triangular spot at the base within
the cell ; a quadrate spot also in the cell; five oblong parallel spots (that nearest the
costal margim clouded across the middle) radiating from the centre to the outer
margin, and divided from each other by the nervures (which are black and broad),
transparent-white ; a small opaque white spot on the costal margin, and two indistinct
spots at the apex. Posterior wing transparent white; the nervures, which thicken
towards the outer margin, and the outer margm which is broad, black, with four
white spots.

UnpersipE rufous where black above; three spots at the apex of the anterior
wing, and six, on the outer margin of the posterior wing, bordered with black.

Expan. 2485 in. Hab. Colombia.

In the Collection of Dr. Boisduval.

The muscular and ponderous appearance of this species almost unfits it for association with the
fragile fairy forms which characterise most of the numerous species of this very beautiful genus. It
seems to connect Ithomia somewhat with Doubleday’s genus Ituna.

It will be seen that four of the Butterflies figured in the Plate, and many more besides, are from
the Collection of Dr. Boisduval of Paris, whose great liberality entrusted to the care of Mr. Saunders
and myself, not only these very rare species, but allowed me to select and bring away with me what-

ever number we wished to illustrate from his unrivalled collection. I cannot express how much |
value his generosity.

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ITHOMIA. VIII.

ITHOMIA EDESSA. 42.

Uppzrsipz. Female: transparent rufous-white; the nervures and margins
black. Anterior wing, with an od/igue broad equal band at the end of the cell and
in the middle of the wing, followed by an indistinct short band of white ; some scarcely
visible spots of white near the outer margin of both wings.

Unpersrng, with the black rufous. The costal margin at the base of the posterior
wing yellow ; three white spots on the apex of the anterior wing, and a line of white
spots bordered with black, on the outer margin of the posterior wing.

I have not seen the Male.

Expan. 2335 im. Hab. Brazil.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA ADASA. 48.

Uprrrsipr. Female: transparent purple-white; the nervures and margins
black. Anterior wing, with a broad unequal perpendicular band at the end of the
cell deyond the middle of the wing.

Unpersing, with the black rufous. The costal margin of the posterior wing in
the Male (the only sexual difference) orange; the apical white spots very indistinct.

Expan. 245 im. Hab. Brazil.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Very closely allied to Edessa; the band at the end of the cell is at a very different angle, and
much further from the base of the wing. Another nervule is also seen on the posterior wing (not a
sexual distinction in this case, because they are both females).

ITHOMIA TIMNA. 44.

Uprrrsipn. Female: transparent rufous-white. ‘The margins and the nervures
(except where they cross the white of the anterior wing) black. Anterior wing, with
a narrow triangular band at the end of the cell, followed by a broad band of white
reaching to the middle of the outer margin; the second median nervule broad and
straight.

Uypersipg, with the black rufous, with indistinct white spots at the apex of
both wings.

Expan. 14% in. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.
This species has a great resemblance to I. Vestilla of a former Plate; but has the nervures of
the posterior wing differently placed. I have not seen the Male.

U

HELICONIDZ—ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA AGNOSIA. 45.
I. Agnosia. Doubleday—Brit. Mus. Cat. (undescribed).

Uprersipr. Male: transparent rufous-white. The margins and the nervures
(except where they cross the white of the anterior wing) black. The band at the end
of the cell broad and unequal, extending beyond the cell and forked, followed by a
short band of white; the second median nervure broad and curved.

Unpersibe, with the black rufous. The costal margin at the base of the poste-
rior wing yellow.

I have not seen the Female.

Expan. 14% in. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA CYMOTHOE. 46.
If Cymothoe. Klug. MS.

Upprrsipe. Male: transparent rufous-white; the margins and nervures black.
Anterior wing, with a band at the end of the cell (smuated on the inner side), black,
followed by a short band of white.

Unpersipz, with the black light rufous.

Expan. 2 in. Hab. Caraccas.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson. :

I. Cymothoe differs from all the allied species in the position of the nervures of the posterior

wing. The disco-cellular nervules form one straight line ; the median nervure of the anterior wing
before its first branch is unusually short.

ITHOMIA ADINA. 47.

Upprrsipe. Male: transparent rufous-white. The margins and all the nervures
bluck; the band at the end of the cell very narrow, triangular and within the cell ;
the white spot on the costal margin unusually long.

Unprrstb8, with the black rufous. ‘Two spots of white at the apex of the ante-
rior wing, and one between each nervure on the outer margin of the posterior wing.

Expan. 24% im. Hab.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA ARTENA. 48.
TI. Artena. Boisd. MS.

Uprrrsipr. Male: transparent purple-white. The margin and nervures (except
where they cross the white of the anterior wing) black; the band at the end of the
cell equal, slightly forked, followed by an indistinct short band of white.

Unpersipe, with the black light rufous. Anterior wing with two white spots
at the apex ; posterior wing with one only.

Expan. 275 in. Hab. Mexico.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

EE CON: Dz:
ITHOMIA. IX.

ITHOMIA ZAVALETA. 49.

Uppersipr, Female: transparent green-white. Anterior wing slightly clouded
beyond the middle, with the margins, the nervures, a spot in the middle of the cell,
and a slight triangular band at the end of the cell, light brown. Posterior wing, with
the base brown; the nervures at each end, and the outer margin (which is broad),
black, with a line of five white spots.

Unpersipe, with some minute spots on the outer margin of the anterior wing.

Expan. 2335. Hab.

Tn the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.
Will arrange near to I. Czeno of the Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera, Plate 18.

ITHOMIA PHILOCLEA. 50.

UprrrsipE. Female: transparent green-white; the margins brown. Anterior
wing, with the band at the end of the cell, perpendicular, equal, and the nervures
(the median broad) black. Posterior wing, with the nervules beyond the middle,
black.

Unpersing, with the black rufous ; the spots at the apex of the anterior wing, and
on the margin of the posterior (two between each nervule) silvery-white; the costal
margin at the base of the posterior wing yellow-white.

Expan. 233; in. Hab. Brazil.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Near I. Eupompe of Hubner (Zut. Fig. 699); but has the posterior wing of quite a different form.

ITHOMIA FLORULA. 51.
I. Florula. Boisd. MS.

Uprrrsipge. Male: transparent purple-white; the margins and nervures black.
The band at the end of the cell black, broad, unequal, produced till it meets a band,
which, running parallel to the outer margin, divides the wing into several spots.

Unpersipz, with the black orange; the apex of the anterior wing with white
spots.
Expan. 133 m. Hab. Cayenne.
In the Collection of Dr. Boisduyal.

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HELICONIDA—ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA STELLA. 82.

Uprrrsipr. Male and Female: transparent white ; the margins (except the inner
margins from the base to the middle) and the nervures from the middle black; the
base tinted with orange; the outer margins with a line of oval white spots. Anterior
wing with a large spot in the cell and the end of the cell black ; divided into spots
beyond the middle by a cloud of neutral colour. Posterior wing with a black spot at
the end of the cell.

UnpERSIDE as above.

Expan. 1585. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA MERGELENA. | 53.

Uprrrsipr. Male and Female: anterior wing black, the base orange ; a spot at
the end of the cell (within it), two spots between it and the outer margin, and a curved
band across beyond the middle, transparent yellow. Posterior wing transparent
yellow; a broad outer margin, and a quadrate projection from it, black ; each wing
with a submarginal hne of seven yellow spots.

Unperstnz as above, except that the costal margin of the posterior wing is black.

Expan. 2335 in. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

ITHOMIA VIRGINIA. 54.
I. Virginia. Boisd. MS.

Uprrrsipr. Male: anterior wing, from the base to beyond the middle (except
the margins, which are black), brick-red ; the rest black, with nine white spots: two
(very small) within the cell, one near the anal angle, three forming an oblique band
across the wing beyond the middle, one at the apex, and two smaller ones a little
below it near the outer margm. Posterior wing brick-red; the apex (which has two
white spots) and part of the outer margin black.

Unprrsipx entirely brick-red, with the spots as above. Posterior wing with
three white spots at the apex.

Expan. 234 m. Hab. Mexico.

In the Collection of Dr. Boisduval.
This species is at first sight as much like Leptalis as Ithomia, and forms another link between two
closely-connected genera.

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Printed. byHully

a6, “ITHOMIA] DERCETIS

55. ITHOMIA MORGANE

THOMIA MAKRENA
60. ITHOMIA PENINNA

I

HELICONID &
ITHOMIA. X.

ITHOMIA MORGANE. 55.
HI. Morgane. Hubn. Zut. figs. 869, 870.

Uprrrsipr. Female transparent rufous-white, glossy; the margins (broad at
the apex) and the nervures rufous; a short, irregular, transverse band of brown at the
end of the cell.

The Male differs only in having the band at the end of the cell narrower.

UNDERSIDE as above.

Expan. 23’9 in. Hab. Mexico.
In the Collection of the British Museum.

ITHOMIA TELESTO. 56.
I. Telesto. Doubleday, Brit. Mus. Cat.

Uprerstpe. Female transparent rufous-white ; the margins and nervures rufous-
brown; the band at the end of the cell transverse, brown, followed by a short band
and spot of white, and four submarginal spots also white, but less distinct.

Unpersipp as above, with one or two small spots of white on the apex ‘of the
posterior wing.

Expan. 23m. Hab. Mexico.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

ITHOMIA ALIDA. 57.

Uprrrsipe. Female transparent white, very glossy ; the margins and nervures
(except where they cross the yellow band of the anterior wing) lower n; the band at
the end of the cell equal transverse dark brown, followed by a broad band of yellow.

UNDERSIDE as above, but much lighter, with two distinct white spots on the
apex of each wing, and some indistinct white spots on the margin of the posterior
wing.

Expan. 233; m. Hab.

In the Collections of the British Museum and W. C. Hewitson.

This species is almost identical at first sight with the female of I. Dercetis. Its body is
shorter, and the nervures of the posterior wing are very differently arranged.

%

HELICONIDZ—ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA DERCETIS. 58.
I. Dercetis. Doubleday & Hewitson, Gen. Diur. Lep. Pi. 18.

Uprrrstpn. Male transparent rufous-white, glossy; the margins (very narrow),
and the nervures (except where they cross the yellow band of the anterior wing) dark
brown. The band at the end of the cell very narrow, curved, followed by a broad
sinuated band and a marginal spot of yellow.

Unpersipe as above, but lighter.

The female differs from the male, only in having the margins and band rather
wider.

Expan. 235 nm. Hab. Venezuela.

Tn the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

I have repeated here drawings of I. Dercetis and Morgane to make this beautiful group of but-
terflies, of which we have already figured sixty-one species, more perfect.

ITHOMIA MAKRENA. 59.
I. Makrena. Hewitson Exot. But. Ithomia, fig. 29.

The butterfly now figured differs remarkably in size, and also in the depth of colour, from
that which is represented at Fig. 29, but in every other respect they are alike, and I have no doubt
are the same species, having seen one which is intermediate. When I described the butterfly at
Fig. 29, I stated my belief that it was probably only a female variety of Phenomoe, of the Genera
of Diurnal Lepidoptera. Having since then received a male of Makrena, I find they are distinct,
although most closely allied. The male of Makrena has the apex of the anterior wing more pointed,
the margins broader and much darker ; and on the underside the apex of both wings and the margin
of the posterior wing are marked with white spots, whilst the male of Phenomoe is without any, and the
female has them only on the apex. I shall hope to figure the male of Makrena and both sexes of
Phenomoe on a future plate.

ITHOMIA PENINNA. 60.

Uprrrstpr. Male transparent clouded lilac-white; the nervures and margins
(the immer margin of the anterior wing broad) brown. Anterior wing with an oblique
spot across the middle of the cell, and a curved band at the end of the cell brown ;
clouded from the band to the apex, leaving several light submarginal spots. Posterior
wing with the outer margin near the apex broad, enclosing a round spot.

UNDERSIDE as above, with all the brown rufous.

Expan. 233 in. Hab. Bolivia.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

JES JL LOCO NII £E.
ITHOMIA XI

W.C.Hewitson, del. et lith, 1855 Printed by Hidlmandel & Walton
61. ITHOMIA DERASA 64. ITHOMIA CLEORA
62.65 ITHOMIA BLARA 65. ITHOMIA CYRIANASSA

66. 67. ITHOMIA INACHIA

Hee El C.O.N TD: As.

ITHOMIA. XI.

ITHOMIA DERASA. 61.
I, Derasa. Boisd. Ms.

Urrrersipz. Male transparent yellow-white; the margins (the outer margins
broad) brown. Anterior wing with a curved very narrow band at the end of the cell,
and the second and third median nervules black, the rest of the nervules (except where
they run into the outer margin) yellow. Outer margin of both wings with white
spots, indistinct on the anterior wing, except at the apex.

Unpersinz as above, except that the white spots are more distinct.

Expan. 1485 im. Hab. Nicaragua.

In the Collection of Dr. Boisduval.

ITHOMIA ELARA. 62, 63.

Uprrrsipz. Male anterior wing dark or light brown, with a large triangular
space from the base to beyond the middle, and an oblique narrow band between it and
the apex, light-yellow.

Unprrsipe as above, with a rufous band parallel to the costal and outer margins,
broken by both ends of the narrow band. Posterior wing with a similar rufous band
near the outer margin. Both wings with a row of white spots between the rufous
band and the margin from the apex to the middle.

Expan. 158 to 144m. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

I believe these figures to be varieties of the same species. They are both males, and the
females do not differ from them, nor do they differ from each other, except in the depth of colour
and the triangular mark near the costal margin of the posterior wing of Fig. 63; but this difference
occurs in the same species of other Ithomias. These form a connecting link between Reckia of
Hubner, and Eurimedia of Cramer (Aegle, Hubn.), and are I think sufficiently distinct from both; the
band across the apex is narrower, they have more of the rufous submarginal band on the under-
side, and the white spots near the margin do not extend beyond the middle of the wing.

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HELICONIDA—ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA CLEORA. 64.

Uprrrsipr. Male transparent rufous and hilac-white. Anterior wing with the
margins, a curved band across the middle of the cell, a band at the end of the cell
curved in the opposite direction and the nervures (the second and third median nervules
broad) brown. A space near the base below the median nervure and a spot near the
outer margin touching the second median nervule, rufous. Posterior wing broadly
margined with brown, traversed by a band of orange; the nervures rufous; both
wings with a submarginal row of white spots.

UNDERSIDE as above. :

Expan. 23% m. Hab. Guayaquil.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

I have figured one species of Ithomia, which in its general appearance and colour reminded me
of the genus Ituna; a second, which scarcely differs at first sight from Dircenna, and now the insect
pe 2 have named Cleora, is very much like a species of a third Heliconian genus Athesis

earista.

ITHOMIA CYRIANASSA. 65.
I. Cyrianassa. Doubleday § Hewitson Gen. Diur. Lep. Pl. 18.

Uprrrsipr. Male and Female. Anterior wing with the basal half transparent,
orange at the base; the margins and the outer half of the wing black, crossed by a
large curved semi-transparent band of yellow-white, deeply sinuated on its inner edge ;
a row of indistinct white spots near the outer margin. Posterior wing transparent ;
the outer margin broadly orange, bounded on both sides with black.

Unpersip8, as above. Anterior wing with the white spots more distinct. Pos-
terior wing, with some small and indistinct spots.

Expan. 1485 m. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

The figure in the genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera was made from a very faintly-marked speci-
men. I haye repeated it here to show its usual colouring, and have some doubt as to its being
distinct from Rhezia of Hubner, which I have not seen.

ITHOMIA INACHIA. 66, 67.

Uprrrsipr. Male and Female transparent. Anterior wing with the basal half
rufous or yellow-white ; a large oval oblique spot across beyond the middle yellow-
white; the margins (the outer one broad) and an oblique triangular band at the end
of the cell continued to the outer margin black. Posterior wing rufous or yellow-
white ; the outer margin broadly black, traversed sometimes by a band of orange.
The outer margins of both wings with a row of scarcely visible spots, except at the
apex of the anterior wing, where two of them are distinct.

Unprrstbk as above, except that the outer margin of the posterior wing has
always the orange band.

Expan. 14%; m. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

I cannot discover any distinctive character sufficient to separate these two butterflies ; they are alike
on the underside, except that the orange margin of Fig. 67 is narrower; and it is with some doubt
that I have separated them from Fig. 65. This species has the antenne black, Cyrianassa has them
rufous at the point and rather longer. ,

ANON (OV SA

GALA TA

HELICONID £&.

PEHOMIA, XII:

ITHOMIA FLORA. 68, 69.
P. Flora. Cramer, Pl. 257, and P. Astrea, Pl. 22.

Uppersipe. Male and Female transparent lilac-white ; the nervures and margins
black (the outer margins, as in Fig. 69, sometimes rufous). Anterior wing with a
narrow band across the middle of the cell, and a broad oblique band at the end of the
cell, extending beyond the median nervure, and joimed to the outer margin by two
broad nervules.

Unpersib#, with the margins (except the costal margin of the anterior wing)
and the centre of the band, rufous. Two or three indistinct white spots on the
apex of both wings.

Expan. 133m. Hab. Venezuela. 4

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

ra

ITHOMIA HIPPODAMIA. 70.
P. Hippodamia. Fabricius, Ent. Syst.

Uprersipg. Female. Anterior wing black, with a triangular spot at the base
and an oblong spot both within the cell, followed beyond the middle by five spots,
three large and divided by nervures, two small placed between the others, all trans-
parent lilac-white.

Posterior wing transparent lilac-white; the outer margin broadly brown, with
the centre rufous.

Expan. 14% in. Hab. Brazil.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

I am enabled by the kindness of Dr. Boisduval to figure this the species described by Fabricius.
If I had seen it previous to the publication of I. Egra (Exot. But., Ithomia I., Fig. 4) I should have
figured that insect as a variety of Hippodamia, although there is some disparity of form as well as
colour.

ITHOMIA FIMBRIA. 71.

Uprersipr. Female black. Anterior wing with a large rufous spot at the
base its centre marked by a triangular spot of black ; followed within the cell by an
oblique band, and at the middle of the wing by a transverse very irregular sinuated
band, both pale yellow. Posterior wing, with the basal half, semi-transparent rufous-
yellow, followed by a band of black; the outer half orange, the outer margin
black. Both wings with a submarginal row of distinct white spots.

Expan. 23'5 m. Hab. New Granada.

In the Collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This very distinct species was sent me by Mr. T, J. Stevens, of Bogota.

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HELICONIDM®—ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA TOLOSA. 72.

Uprersipg. Male. Anterior wing, with the basal half (except the costal margin,
which is black) brick-red. The outer half black, with five large yellow-white spots.
Posterior wing brick-red, with the outer margin black. Both wings with a sub-
marginal row of white spots, some of them indistinct.

Unperstbz as above, but lighter ; the marginal spots more distinct.

Expan. 23% in. Hab. Mexico.

This species, and I. Virginia (Fig. 54), though almost identical in colour, are entirely and
strangely different in the position of the neryures. The median nervures of the anterior wings of the
two species from the base to the first nervule, differ nearly one-half in length.

N.B. I. Virginia, Fig. 54, must be called I. Virginiana, the same specific name having been used
for Fig. 18 of this work.

ITHOMIA GALATA. 73.

Uprrrsipr. Female transparent rufous-white ; the nervures and margins black.
Anterior wing crossed at the middle of the cell by a narrow band, and at the end of
the cell by a broad, irregular, oblique band, reaching beyond the median nervure,
and joined to the outer margin by the second median nervule, which is broad. The
apex with two mdistinct white spots.

UnpErRsIDE as above, except that the base of the posterior wing is yellow, the
costal margin, and a spot near the anal angle rufous, and the apex of both wings is
marked by four distinct white spots.

Expan. 15% in. Hab.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

Allied to Flora, but abundantly distinct in form and the position of the nervures of the posterior
wing.

ITHOMIA ITHRA. 74.

Uprrrsipr. Male transparent crimson-white; nervures and margins black.
Anterior wing crossed beyond the middle by a broad oblique band of black, extend-
ing beyond the median nervure, and jomed to the outer margin by two broad
nervules. Posterior wing, with the centre of the outer margin, rufous.

Unpersipr as above, with most of the black rufous. Anterior wing with two
white spots at the apex.

Expan. 133m. Hab. Amazon.

In the Collection of W. W. Saunders.

Differs from Cymo of Hubner’s Sammlung (I. Galita, Ithomia I., Fig. 5 of this work), which it
most resembles in the position of the nervures of the posterior wing.

N.B. Hubner’s name of Cymo having been first used, my Galita must cease; I have, therefore,
used it again for another species, and have accidentally altered the spelling.

FEE C OLN] DAE:
ITHOMIA. XIII.

ITHOMIA VICTORINA. 75.
H. Victorina. Guér. Icon. du Regne Animal (texte).

Uprrrsipr. Female transparent rufous-white; the margins and nervures (ex-
cept where they cross the white) black. Anterior wing with a broad oblique short
band at the end of the cell, jomed to the outer margin by the second median nervule,
which is broad, and followed by a broad band of white, reaching nearly to the outer
margin. ©

UnpersivE with all the margins brown; two or more indistinct white spots
at the apex of each wing.

Expan. 13 in. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

The males differ only in having the short black band at the end of the cell narrower and more
triangular. There is a variety in the Collection of Dr. Boisduval in which the band is narrow and
curved, and joined at the point to the third median nervule. The second median nervule is not, as
usual, broad and black.

ITHOMIA COTYTTO. 76.
H. Cotytto. Guér. Icon. du Régne Animal (texte).

Uprrrsipg. Female transparent lilac-white ; the margins and nervures (except
where they cross the white) black. Anterior wing with a short broad oblique band
at the end of the cell, jomed to the outer margin by two broad nervules, and followed
by a band of white reaching beyond the middle.

UnperstveE rufous, where black above; the apex of both wings with three white
spots, those on the anterior wing af a distance from the margin.

Expan. 23% in. Hab. Venezuela.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

The small white spots which are placed at the apex of the wing, close to the margin on the

underside, of most of the Ithomias, are on the anterior wing of this species at a distance from the
margin, and as far as I have examined this genus are characteristic of this species only.

HELICONIDH®—ITHOMIA.

ITHOMIA ATTALIA. 77.

Urrrrsipg. Male black. Anterior wing with the basal half of the cell, a
bilobed spot also within the cell, followed by nine other spots, all lilac-white. Two
small spots on the costal margin, and three at the apex, opaque-white. Posterior
wing with a central band transparent lilac-white divided by the nervures. ‘The apex
with two or three white spots.

Unpersipre with most of the black rufous, but chiefly m the direction of the
nervures. The posterior wing with a submarginal row of white spots.

Expan. 23g im. Hab. Bolivia.

In the Collection of the British Museum.

ITHOMIA ARDEA. 78.

Uprrrsipr. Male transparent lilac-white; the margins and nervures (except
where they cross the white) black. Anterior wing with an oblique triangular band
at the end of the cell, extending beyond the median nervure, joined to the outer mar-
gin by the second median nervule, which is broad, and followed by a band of white.

Unpersrpn rufous where black above; the ¢ apex of both wings with some indis-
tinct white spots.

Expan. 2 in. Hab. Bolivia.

In the Collection of the British Museum.
Much resembling I. Virginia, Fig. 18, in general aspect, but with the nervures very differently
arranged.

ITHOMIA PHONO. 79, 80.
HT. Phono. Hubner Zut. Figs. 987, 988. P. Diaphana. Cramer, Pl. 315.

Uprrersipg. Female transparent rufous or lilac-white ; the mafgins and nervures
black. An oblique band at the end of the cell, jomed to the outer margin by the
second and third median nervules which are generally rather thicker than the other
nervules. Posterior wing with sometimes a triangular black spot which conceals the
disco-cellular nervules.

Unperstpe rufous where black above; the costal margin, from the base to the
middle of the posterior wing, yellow.

Expan. 14%; im. Hab. “New Granada.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and W. C. Hewitson.

The male, of which I have seen but one example, has the band at the end of the cell narrower,
more sinuated on its inner side, and not reaching beyond the median nervure. In some of the females
this band reaches further than in either of the figures of the plate.

L ; 5
oi ca) Hewitson, William

QL Hewitson, William

543 Chapman, 1806-1878.

H4 Illustrations of new

vel species of exotic butter—

Ent. flies: selected chiefly
from the collections of--

isSuUED TO

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