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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE |: =

b
North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station) __

DEPARTMENT BULLETIN No. 1192

Washington, D. C. Vv November, 1923

IMPROVEMENT OF KUBANKA DURUM WHEAT BY PURE-LINE
3 SELECTION.

By Raten W. Sirs, Assistant Agronomist, Office of Cereal Investigations, Bureau
of Plant Industry; L. R. Waupron, Plant Breeder, North Dakota Agricultural Ex-
periment Station; and J. ALLEN CLARK, Agronomist in Charge of Western W heat In-
vestigations. Office of Cereal Investigations, Bureau of Plant Industry.

CONTENTS.
Page. Page
History of Kubanka wheat...........--.-.... 1 | Pure-line selections—Continued.
LS Te ee ee 1 Rust resistance. ...-....2:.--. Se, Serna &
Comiparitive yiclds.._.--...-2....--.----.--- 2 Stiffness of sivaw:. 2... .- 222: .<-+--adeeo- 9
EAE ERMMIS: Ss ons = 2,5. 2s S22 Se ~S o 3 Semoima qualities. ¢-. 2 =<: 222 9
(Ee re te) a 5 Milling and baking qualities............- 1]
Nodak durum wheat-........-.-- ba Soe Di AONB Yee oo. ance ane sae do Sens aoe oe oo 12
Yields of the selections. .....-...-...---- 5

HISTORY OF KUBANKA WHEAT.

The Kubanka variety of durum wheat is of Russian origin. Severa!
importations have been made. The principal introduction (S. P. I.
No. 5639, C. I. No. 1440‘) was made in 1900 by M. A. Carleton, then
Cerealist of the United States Department of Agriculture, from Uralsk
Territory in Russia. The original seed was grown under contract in
1901, and seed was distributed from then until 1909 by the United
States Department of Agriculture and later by the North Dakota
and South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Stations.

ADAPTATION.

Kubanka is the most widely adapted variety of durum wheat
grown in the United States. It is also the one most extensively
grown, with the possible exception of Arnautka. The grain of Ku-
banka is of good quality for the manufacture of semolina and alimen-
tary pastes, the principal use of durum wheat. Kubanka also is the
best durum variety for bread making.

Kubanka is fairly resistant to black stem rust and to drought. It
is less resistant to rust than the resistant varieties, Acme, Monad
(D-1), and Pentad (D-5). Recent investigations, still unpublished,
show that these three wheats are technically inferior to Kubanka in

1 Accession numbers of the Office of Foreign Seed and Plant Introduction and the Office of Cereal Inves-
tigations, Bureau of Plant Industry.

56750—23

2 BULLETIN 1192, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

the manufacture of macaroni and other alimentary pastes. Kubanka,
in the durum-wheat region, has been found to be more resistant to
stem rust than Arnautka, Peliss, and: Kahla, being about as resistant
as Mindum. :
COMPARATIVE YIELDS.

In most of the durum-wheat region Kubanka considerably out-
yields all varieties of hard red sprig wheat. It also usually out-
yields Arnautka, Kahla, Mindum, and Peliss durum wheats in the
Dakotas, the principal area of durum wheat production in the United
States (fig. 1). It is usually slightly exceeded in yield by Monad,
Acme, and Pentad, particularly in years when severe rust epidemics
occur.

Table 1 shows the annual and average yields obtained from Ku-
banka (C. I. No. 1440) and a selection from it, Kubanka No. 8 (C. I.
No. 4063), grown at the Dickinson substation, Dickinson, N. Dak.,
and from Kubanka (C. I. No. 1440) at the North Dakota Agricultural
Experiment Station at Fargo, in comparison with the leading varieties
of durum and common wheat.

TABLE 1.— Yields of Kubanka durum wheat and of other leading varieties of durum and
common wheats grown at Fargo, N. Dak., and at Dickinson, N. Dak., from 1907 to
1922, wnclusive.

(The varietal experiments at Fargo were affected by excessive rains and weeds in 1905, 1909, and 1912,
and yields for these years were not recorded. These varieties were not grown at Fargo in 1915. The
crop of 1912 at Dickinson was destroyed by hail. These years are not considered in the respective
averages.]

Annual and average acre yields (bushels).
Fargo, N. Dak. Dickinson, N. Dak.

Year. Durum. | Common. | Durum, Common

| | g | 2) ie | s g bb a

= - | 4 Pa : Z

a) 2 ede | | ow led eee tl re heels

2 ra i= gq ge he = ae q g q n =

ba & 3) “= or} 5S | 5 ° 3) = ma 3

hd = <q = a | iS hd = <q = ee =

CRBESINO: ha lexan osc 1440 | 3320 | 5284 | 5296 | 3697 | 3641 | 1440 4063 | 3320 | 5284 | 5296 | 3022 | 3641

|
= } —~ = —< (ee = a == ee: | | OE
RY) Se ee QBat bas eeea ee eee ees 31.9 | See Sern ae els RCS es SABE See sree RS lis she
i ion re AA als EO Sashes, 42.1 | AUP es wad Ba ese 2 ote: I ASGE, Seal ie ae
Re ca eo ae eee Qie9 | 25 2 SR eae eees ah Wy. al rege aege {2 N= senberaree teeth Se oe Jy Re a |
fODGEE eee ee, Hs ieee PRESS ee DOD log, Cente, Soe icpaeices, Neches earns (eee CR
AOU tees BO: ON scat’ bs eon ee 28.8 |b} O50 [2 -c|rteee feo] er 17.6
OOS Wa on ee atic cee DOO He atise snes s|aoeaes Dip el ee oa oye en ee Foe ee DES era
ea Sade 2 SAS nee tee See SACs Pore ee as Ge Se SS a| ASOD |e sae pees cess 3340) eee
Tit erg hee eee ee ee BAGS |e Seat es Ps HALO | AOS9 Se c8k iE Sl es 20.7 25.226
TOWNE oe terete Sa NA ete el Ce ae eee PLEO n| ae ee Pees eect sistas: parse Soy See eee Lils|eessee
IGiSt Sase tee ee: 2p aes See noe | Sees 2902. |" 268 7 Skee BO! Oe eae wa aeecrs 28.1 | 24.2
1914 St eee DONG tans ee Se Beebo 13. Sy | S216. 3 ae) ASSO SAGe |e el ees 12.4 | 14.0
NOT eer ee eet soe ore lindo es ataete ss. ante inet aleseree AGS: | Dl abidlPOU, Le siare- | nate ne 25.6 | 32.8
1OLG Stee sae NOLO SaaS Sees aoe 45:45): ©: OR) AG593\ V7 As 2642 2| Eee al See 4,5-|° 1325
1 ly eae 2 Sees eee 35/9) a0.00) S453 |F2 2... 345-7, 193456) |, 202 1a EIS ia7 | AOS OU IS Sierras 14.4] 17.3
1918: 7° (ee Oe BOvO MSOC HlBOee Nees as 26.5 | 29.1 | 15.7 | 18.6 | 14.6 | 17.8 | 14.6 | 16.9 | 140
1h es cee LAGE QE Oi} 23.2) a 106: 215270 | Be 90 "es. 4e| © 6x49) 16. a) 3456) Acs 3.4
LOM ee coho ences 17.2 | 27.6 | 19.2 | 26.5 | 13.2 | 12.2 | 23.6 | 23.2 | 26.7 | 23.8 | 21.1 | 18.0) 15.9
TODS. Reese ZA Fulh25.30)'20. 01 26:8 | Sse FAG) | 2 Te 67) | 83s tebe Giemsa 5.6
NO QD testa Rone ee 24.2 | 41.8 | 36.8 | 22.8 | 14.2 | 26.6 | 31.4 | 30.5, | 33.2 | 31.2 | 29.6 | 22.5 | 3156
Averages:
= | 1902:to 1922. ....... 3250 ma re et a 21.0 <)os2 aaa Sate ae lok Saat eee ee Saale eee ees aes
AOOETONMOI2E oe. loon ocala aetna ae ei once 21D) 22.8 ten cocoa lees a7 fel Bone
1913 £0;1922. 2... PAL G3 ae | bn Mee eiebuee L7G | 2210) |E2OF6 A215 N23 40m seeee sees 15:0) | wete2
1917 to 1922... 2. 262.5 "S159" PaOsOF oe DSSS A s22s9 wie 17 Oy ek Ol | a Oe 2 leo eaters 13.2} 14.6
1920 to 1922...... 22.0 | 31.6 | 27.6 | 25.4 | 13. 19.4 | 20.7 | 20.1 | 22.7 | 20.8 | 19.2 | 14.7 | 17.7
oe

‘ Including yields of C. I. No. 1440 in 1907 and 1908.

ay

Serpe) Gia Nowa et Men

pet At

POL ee ein Me cS:

hog

Le hed Wolo nese

IMPROVEMENT OF KUBANKA-DURUM WHEAT.. 3

PURE-LINE SELECTIONS.

Kubanka wheat was chosen as a variety from which to make pure-
line selections because of its adaptation to conditions as evidenced
by high yields, its value for manufacturing purposes, and its diversity
of composition. Kubanka consists of a large number of strains or
types differing somewhat in character and quality. Hach strain or
type breeds true unless it happens to be a hybrid resulting from a
field cross. The improvement of Kubanka wheat by the pure-line
selection method at the Dickinson substation, Dickinson, N. Dak.,
is described in this bulletin.

In 1906 Prof. L. R. Waldron, then superintendent of the Dickinson
substation, made several pure-line selections from Kubanka (C. I.
No. 1440). One of these selections, Kubanka No. 8 (C. I. No. 4063),
' proved superior in yield to the original Kubanka at Dickinson and

DURUM WHEAT
ESTIMATED ACREAGE

1919

EACH DOT REPRESENTS
2,000 ACRES

DURUM WHEAT
ESTIMATED ACREAGE, 1919

sTaTE | acres |] state] ACRES

N. Dak | 2,707,400 || Wyo . 44,900
S. Dak | 688,700 || Kans . 43,200
| Mont .| 281,600 |] Tex .. 40,800
Nebr i 206,100 || lowa. . 15,400
Cole Other .

ale. .| 148,200
Min -| 137,300 | U.S _. [4,370,800

Fic. 1.—Map showing the acreage of durum wheat in the United States in 1919. Each
dot represents 2,000 acres.

has been quite widely distributed in western North Dakota. Ku-
banka No. 8, however, has proved to be one of the more rust-suscepti-
ble strains of the variety.
With the frequent recurrence of stem-rust damage in North
_ Dakota, it seemed advisable to make additional selections from the
_ bulk Kubanka in an effort to obtain strains resistant to stem rust
which would produce good yields of grain suitable for the manufacture
of semolina or flour. -

In 1915 R. W. Smith made 143 head selections? from a plat of
Kubanka (C. I. No. 1440) at the Dickinson substation. The separate
strains were grown in 5-foot rows at Dickinson in 1916 and in dupli-
cated 16-foot rows in each of the following three years, except that

in 1917 some strains were necessarily grown in single rows because of

desire to acknowledge
Stoa, at Fargo, N. Dak.; J. C. Brinsmade, jr., at Mandan, N. Dak.; O. A. Thompson, at Edgeley, N. Dak.;

+ BULLETIN 1192, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

Fic. 2.—Heads, chaff, and kernels of Nodak (Kubanka
No. 98) durum wheat. Heads and chaff, natural
size: kernels magnified 3 diameters.

the limited quantity of seed
available. In 1920 the lower
yielding strains were discarded,
leaving 30 of the higher yielding
and more rust-resistant ones.
A few of these were discarded
after 1921, and the 22 remaining
were grown in triplicated 16-foot
rows: ? —Kubankas (CC. beiigs
1440) was used as a check at
regular intervals.

In 1919 19 of the most
promising selections were grown
in one one-hundred-and-forty-
fourth acre plats and in subse-
quent years in larger plats.
Because of superior rust resist-
ance and high yields during the
rust epidemic of 1916, selections
Nos. 58 and 98 were increased
from the start and have been
grown in the regular varietal
plats each year since 1918. The
number of selections grown in
larger plats was increased from
time to time until 1922, when
eight of them were grown in
triplicated one-thirty-second
acre plats.

In the spring of 1918, at the
request of L. R. Waldron, a
portion of each of the 143 pure
lines was sent to Fargo for
testing there. The entire series
was grown in 1918 and 1919.
In 1918 only individual rows
were grown, but in 1919 the
rows were replicated. Certain
of the more promising selections
were grown in replicated rows
in the years following and com-
parable yields obtained. The
most promising strains were in-
creased and grown in replicated
plats, from which results were
recorded in 1921 and 1922. A
few of the Kubanka selections
were grown in replicated plats in
1922 at the Northern Great Plains
Field Station, Mandan, N. Dak.,
at the Edgeley Substation, Edge-

ley, N.Dak.,and at the Judith Ba-

sin Substation, Moccasin, Mont.

|
|
|

IMPROVEMENT OF KUBANKA DURUM WHEAT. +)

Results obtained with different selections grown at any one station
are comparable, as they were grown under uniform conditions as to
cropping system, date of seeding, size of plat, width of alleys, and
number of replications, except as noted. These conditions vary
slightly at different stations, so that results obtained at one station
are not necessarily comparable with those obtained at another,
_ although the conditions are quite similar.

CHARACTERS DESIRED.

Good yield is only one of several qualities desired in a durum wheat.
Rust resistance, stiffness of straw, and good quality for the making of
semolina and alimentary pastes are also important. Durum wheat
is used only sparingly in the United States at present in the produc-
tion of flour for bread making. Consequently a study of durum
wheats from a bread-making standpoint is of minor importance.
Rust resistance is important in determining the yield and quality
of grain in years of rust epidemics. Data on all these characters are
presented in the following pages.

NODAK DURUM WHEAT.

As shown later in these pages, Kubanka No. 98 is apparently the
most promising of the 143 pure-line selections of Kubanka consid-
ered in this bulletin, as it combines high yielding ability with rust
resistance and good quality for the making of macaroni. It is an
amber durum of. the Kubanka type, but has heads slightly longer
than the average for that variety. It also differs from the original
‘Kubanka in being more resistant to stem rust. Because of these
characters, setting off the selection from the parent bulk variety, it:
is here named Nodak. Under this name it will be further tested,
increased, and distributed for commercial growing in North Dakota.
Heads and grain of Nodak durum wheat are shown in Figure 2.

YIELDS OF THE SELECTIONS,

Table 2 shows the yields obtained from replicated plats of the
Kubanka selections and other varieties of durum wheat during the
five years from 1918 to 1922, inclusive, at Dickinson; the two years,
1921 and 1922, at Fargo; and in 1922 only at Mandan and Edgeley,
N. Dak., and Moccasin, Mont.

6 BULLETIN 1192, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

TaBLE 2.— Yields of Kubanka wheat selections and of the leading varieties of durum
wheat grown in replicated plats at five experiment stations during one or more of the
Jive years from 1918 to 1922, inclusive.

[Five plats of each variety were grown at Moccasin and three plats of each at other stations except as noted,
duplicate plats being marked with a star (*) and single plats with a dagger (t+).] ah

Annual and average acre yields (bushels).

| ia ‘7 Se
| Man- | Edge- | Moc-

| |
Dickinson, N. Dak. | Fargo, N. Dak. | dan, ley, jcasin,
N. Dak.|N. Dak./Mont.
Strain or variety. ion | ttfeer 2 " oe. Fi ivy is ees
| | | |
| | Average. |
ae nips sara | Aver |
g | | 9 5 gas wy
1918 1919 | 1920 | 1921 1922 1918 | 1921 | 1921 | 1922 | age. 1922 1922. | 1922
| to jand |}
| ; 1922 | 1922 |
| | |
karhankkar. $5738 * | 1440] 15.7] 3.9} 23.6) 7.1) 31.4! 16.3] 19.3) 24.5*24.2) 24.4 19.6} *20.8} ‘24.8
Kubanka No. 8..... | 4063} —18,6|< s4. 4123.2) . 6.7730. 5) 16. 7) W826) 2. soe ee eons 20. Olox se soe
Kubanka No. 58...) 6518, $16.0} $4.5)-21.1) 76.1, 34.4 16.4} 20.3)..... eos Sie [oboe Slee he. plea ae See eee
Nodak (Kubanka | j *

IN(O;\08) So Seas = cise 6519] F18.2| 4.4) 24.8) 6.5) 34.9 17.8) 20.7) 27.5 %*33.1| 30.3 19.2} #22.8} 26.5
Kubanka No. 34. ..!..... Wa OUe tly peg 1 34,2/1%*5. 5] 30.4 2.... 118.0) 25.6 22haile 2359 heel os 2 ee eee eee
Kubanka No. 74. ..!...-- eect eee 1 36.5} : 6.6) 31.6. 22. 19.1} 24.8*20.6) 22.7 1958 \o2 es 30.7
Kubanka No. 94. ..!.....!-.--.. Piste Re a De 6 He Soe Ie 28: 5| 37.5) 33. 0). 5.3% #22. 8s2 3-2
Kubanka-Novo90.. coe Sk 222 ae 26 SiGe ges Bis 1 20.4! '26;.3).40.1)|. 33. 2).2.--..-5 | #23; Olesnene
Kubanka No. 117. .!._... Iris Besa Ls ete 3055) G28) 33.0% 2 2054); 2458) 535. 4c 30nL) 2s bo ose brebos Olas
kurbanika; NO. 132- sions aloe se ae rots Ocho ee 1 | eal aaah G3. cee Lo. cee ae
Kubanka No 1332 221: 2.223). 2 fen Seeks 2 S139) SA ie: | 215119) 7}> 20: Afra ene ROCESS 2 peeeehe
Mona dra. 2252522 3320) 14.6). 6.4) 26.7) 8.3) 33.2 17.8 20. 8} 25.3) 41.8) 33.6 20.3) *27.5| 26.2
Aremie! <0. 52.4 5884 -178F es 1 93. 81 2725) Sie eS 19. 4| 26. 7| 36.8) 31.8 18.6] *23 2 27:7
Mindumi 24>}. ..cae. 5296) $14.6] 4.6] 21.1, 6.8 29.6 15.3] 18.2| 26.6] 22.8} 24.7) 19.9)........|...4--
Armautka.-. 02-2 ssc 4064 16.2). 5. 2| 21.2) 7.0) 29. 2° 15. 8}. 18, 1 21.1*18. 8) 20. 0; 16. °| *19 5| set a =

j i | } | J 4

1 Not entirely comparable; grown in narrower plats.

Of the selections and varieties grown in plats at Dickinson (figs.
3 and 4) during the 5-year period, Nodak (Kubanka No. 98), averag-
ing 17.8 bushels per acre, yielded the same as Monad and outyielded
all other varieties, including the other Kubanka strains. In the
2-year period Kubanka Nos. 99 and 117 yielded nearly as much as
Nodak and Monad.

In the two years at Fargo, N. Dak., Kubanka Nos. 99 and 94,
averaging 33.2 bushels and 33 bushels, respectively, outyielded
Nodak (Kubanka No. 98), the latter averaging 30.3 bushels per
acre. In 1922 Nodak was also slightly outyielded by Kubanka No.
74 at Mandan, N. Dak., and Moccasin, Mont., and by Kubanka No.
117 at Edgeley, N. Dak. Yields for one or two years are not con-
clusive. Results for five years at Dickinson, however, show that
Nodak is well adapted to conditions there and probably to similar
conditions elsewhere. Results for two years at Fargo indicate
that Kubanka No. 99 may yield best in that locality. These results
are further borne out by the data in Table 3, where the annual and
average yields obtained from replicated nursery rows during six

years at Dickinson and four years at Fargo are shown. Nodak ranks |

high in yield, although not the highest, in the nursery at Dickinson,
and Kubanka No. 99 stands high in the nursery at Fargo.

IMPROVEMENT OF KUBANKA DURUM WHEAT. 7

=

_ Fig. 3.—Plats of the Kubanka selections at the Dickinson Substation, Dickinson, N. Dak., in 1919.

Fic. 4.—Plats of Kubanka wheat, C. I. No. 1440 (left), and Kubanka No. 8, C. I. No. 4063 (right),
at Dickinson, N. Dak., in 1917.

8 BULLETIN 1192, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

+

Taste 3.— Yields of the Kubanka sélections grown at Dickinson, N. Dak., from 1917
to 1922 and at Fargo, N. Dak., from 1919 to 1922, inclusive.

[All selections were grown in replicated 16-foot rows except as noted, those in triplicated 8-foot rows being
marked with a star (*) and those in single 16-foot rows with a dagger (f).]

Annual and average acre yields (bushels).
Pate Oe Wee agra vie oy SSN RR aes eas
Dickinson, N. Dak. Fargo, N. Dak.

Strain or variety.

{ ' 5 }

| sor7 | sois | aoxo | ag20 | xoet | aoze |A%="| sono | aeo0 | 1021 | 1902 [Aver

| age. age.

i Ost | ted pe ak Vea et
Ndsda2e 23 Soo ee {20.01 17.3} 1.9] 23.8] 10.8 | 19.8 | 15.6 | 17.7 | 32.7 | 24.3 | 29.8] 25.6
NGG 2: cans co .S j11.5 | 16.0} 2.9] 17.5| 12.0 | 19.1 | 13.2 | *19:2 | 34.0 | 27.6 | 29.6] 27.6
Nous Sorin | 12.3} 12.0) 3.5 | 288 | 12.9] 17.5 | 14.5} +281 | 29.8 | 29.4| 287] 29.8
Nie 2 eee | 14.0 22:5 | 3.5 | 37.5 | 141 | 21.5 | 18.9 | 422.9 | 31.1] 249 | 244] 25.8
Nog ose | 12-8 | 19.3 3.2 | 36.5 | 12.2 | 18.2 | 17.0 | *27.6 | 28.8 | 28.2 | 289| 282
NOsG5 6 craft ue | 1201188) 3.21275] 16.5! 22.5 | 16.8 | *21.8 | 29.4! 26.9 | 31.4! 27.4
NOVs eco 2 oe Sal | 13.3 [18.0'|52. 8 | 2a.) 16,5 |e B70. ose ele ce, lee ee
Nos63 scccfic tah aes | 125) 17.5) 20 | 28.5 | 13.9 | 20.5 | 15.8 | 430.8 | 29-0 | 30.1 | 35.9 | "34.0
NGM Ro Sie ee: | 12:0 | 20.0} 3.3 | 27-0 13.9 | 18.9 | 15.9 | 426.4 | 36.1 | 26.5 | 324] 30.4
NG soe cc ce Poa wees | 13.5) 20.5) 3.1 | 30.0 | 14.8 | 21.0 | 17.2 | #230 | 36.3 | 26.6| 32.5| 20.6
NOE hes tpi | 16.0 | 21.0) 3.6 | 30.0 | 16.0 | 20.8 | 17.9 | #285 | 41.6 | 24:8 | 26.6 | 30.4
Nats ethic ee ae at | 123/183 | 4.2/| 26.8 | 12.0 | 19.2 | 15.5 | 427.8 | 36.1 | 26.9 | 29.6 | 30.1
ES RCTs kan | 120] 16.5) 3.3 | 26.81 13.4 | 23.2 / 15.9 | #280 | 29.3 | 24.3 | 37.2| 30.2
Nowareticls asetee 12.3 U7 ba 8 | 28 BGT CORO 18.6%. alc ee ds oer
No. 98 (Nodak)......... 12.8 117.2 | 3.0 | 31.5 | 14.4 | 21.6 | 16.8 | #21.4 | 383| 27.5 | 30.0 | 29.3
NOs oe ges sae 13.3 | 183) 3.6 | 29.5 | 14.6 | 18.2 | 16.3 | *25.8 | 42.8 | 26.3 | 20.8] 31.2
Nos Mice oe ge 11,8 18.5 2.3 | 27.3 | 10.6 | 26.3 | 16.1 | #25.5 | 27.0 | 26.6 | 25.2] 26.1
Noctis mrwiot fue 11.0 | 13.0 | 2:0 | 25.0 | 11.3 | 21.2 | 13.9 | *26.1 | 28.7] 27.5 | 26.2) 27.1
Nositbee | on aa (11.5 | 17.6) 2.3 | 27.5 | 12.9] 18.7 | 15.1 | #26.7 | 35.8 | 29.6 | 29.7 | 30.5
Nominee noe 12.0 15.5 | 3.4 | 27.0 | 14.1 | 25.8 | 16.3 | #286 | 30.4 | 24.4 | 29.4] 28.2
Noni e a ntetce f11.01 268) 4.97) :80:811 t5 14o28 1-16, 5)22. c= bce 1s leeds
SE = Sain Sa 415.0 | 16.5) 3.6 | 26.5 | 13.4 | 23.3 | 16.4 | 431.4 | 43/8 |°26.4 | 30.6) 32.8
CIN Mitt: 12.6':46.2°| 29-1 30.6. 129 | fon | fs) ee 2 is

‘ Seed partly lost; yield estimated from that of C. I. No. 1440.

RUST RESISTANCE.

Table 4 shows the annual and average percentage of stem-rust
infection recorded on the Kubanka selections at Fargo, N. Dak.,
during five years in the nursery and three years in plats; at Dick-
inson, N. Dak., during three years in the nursery and in 1920 and
1922 in plats; and at Edgeley, N. Dak., in 1922 in plats. The
columns showing average rust percentages indicate that Nodak
(Kubanka No. 98) and Kubanka No. 99 are two of the most rust-
resistant selections. These two selections ranked high in yield at
Dickinson and at Fargo, as previously stated. Kubanka Nos. 94
and 117 are also quite rust resistant. The latter produced a high
yield at Edgeley in 1922, while both ranked comparatively high in
the 2-year average yield in plats at Fargo. Kubanka Nos. 58, 97,
and 132 are shown to be very resistant to rust at Dickinson, but
were not grown at Fargo. No. 58, which is a red durum, yielded
well at Dickinson.

IMPROVEMENT OF KUBANKA DURUM WHEAT. 9

TABLE 4.—Stem-rust infection recorded on the Kubanka wheat selections in the years dur-
ing which rust occurred at these stations in North Dakota in the years stated.
{T=Trace.]}

Annual and average stem-rust infection (per cent).

|

Dickinson, N. Dak.

Fargo, N. Dak. | Edge-
variety. | Nursery. Piatss. 4 Nursery. | Plats. _| plats.
|
|—-- Sj} —| —_______-;
erst on 8 alton Aver- i913 1919,1920|1921|1922| AVF! 1921/1922 AYET 1999
Pee eRe (2s | age. | age. | || age. | <
j stg) Loo fe eed le me) (ee |e est | eres | Pe 1 FD
| med eae
No.2 oad 9 a oe Dea Eee 30:4 50-1 — S|. FO 100-49 1S he oe Nace &,
Se STE SEC ES )ieT Ls ey dal aM De 15s 40h = 521 -60.105.)), AS a icc pee eta: epee aay:
ING wae a: PS; 138 ibe Bess eee Bl oS. eal os |” ALA zk. ona ieee acloe me oa
No: 345. 2s 8|-5| 9 eek 12 9/101 10} 5| 40} 93| 32. 40} 851 631......2
No.45._4 te /8).5/ 8 W105 | 104. 8-| 3.)16 | 5 |.304-95 | 30 i Ree es eS)
No. 55.02. eS 5 Se hig ae eee 15s FO le1O 78.\ 2 22: | lees eccie lee ace
Se eee pest 5 Belk dcootnee REIS AF het SEERA es § erm AAP a Pg Wee
je 2 eee oars ao Bees Greets ee hee 10} 47/ 5|60/95| 431.... Sh ioe tie
Barge lea 1} 8 Hoiegel | sae oe POH] FO bas | 6Ou Gon 40-|. cle. ease certs:
WaiGa-. adel bel 14 Bo) 265) a1 307), TO) 5170) 40°F 95) 20). sortase lone
S| ee RS Oley: 51 5110) * 81.10 |.184 5 | 60/95 | « 38, 35 |-901 °° 63]. 0 2...
Cr Seaman pests 1 14-( 306 | 8 | Ee al ase: AOAC | A BOs|2O5f . 243+) Sea tet, Ack eee ae
NG, 68 eo, fefay| 22) 1G Sees tlloas @ too eine Svs Vien $3"), 2Oesde 11
tS eee ee eT bee fi 2 1 6 alee 1 EEL ston [Se |b en ctee colt eel ae, Sere
Nea senda eT | Sooo tl rl) a) 68 517] Of] 65}. 23 B.) 21400) erat 13
No: 99.5 62... [oe oer a Bat = 7 ACG ee eS laa 1.5] 5| 0] 14-18 64 = 22-15 9 12
Non 4005 25% 22. 64-41-1143 Ae: ee PS ASA FO TS. |) (42 ls. | Stee ae eee
Moz Wat 3| T | 10 lal ees bee ees (= Fae ero | AOR 5S AGH alah Ao ea ese
Nai 52262 5. | Petit Pa ee aris. ol -seb se: PO Se eS-| GOs | 244 |e Ss eee a ae
Nortigs 2k... fesse ks S431 4 451 51. 7-|-0 110 |/18 Bf 31°30! 2 k7sl 7
Lie 6 7 ce maeees se ee a 24 ‘1]-3 Daas AS eos [ie [ee aes ae, eee rR aoeence
Rebs oe =. - - Bae bis | vale | ret io | 27 | 5 |60 | 95 | 39155 | 85 | 70 |.2o ot.
C. 1. No. 1440....|-.7| I-12 FL 7V Bal 6) 12-14E.| 8 | 50 1-95 | 44 1245.)°85. | 65 27
Monad 3.2.4 |} 4) 7) 5 Sak sl as Be 2 et AV ee Ons ota
I j j } |

|
|

1 Average of 143 pure-line selections.
STIFFNESS OF STRAW.

Kubanka, like other varieties of durum wheat, grows tall and has
heavy heads. Consequently, it has a tendency to lodge if rain
and wind storms occur just before harvest. Lodging is especially
likely to occur if the crop is sown on fallow or on unusually fertile
land and when abundant moisture causes a rank growth of straw
and well-filled heads. Under the conditions prevailing at Dickin-
son, N. Dak., lodging has not often been a serious factor, and no per-
centages were recorded, although some notes on lodging were taken.
Considerable lodging occurred at Fargo in 1920 and 1922. Percent-
ages of lodgimg were recorded on the Kubanka selections in the
nursery in 1920 and in the plats in 1922. The results show Nodak
to be slightly weak in straw, ranking about the same in that respect
as Monad and slightly better than Acme. Selection No. 99 has a
medium strength of straw, being a little stiffer than Monad and
Acme. Selections Nos. 63, 74, and 133 have comparatively stiff

straw.
SEMOLINA QUALITIES.

As a large part of the durum wheat grown in this country is made
into semolina for the production of macaroni and other edible pastes,
the varieties of this wheat which are grown should possess the quali-
ties demanded by that industry in addition to those already men-
tioned. The semolina industry demands a durum wheat which

10 BULLETIN 1192, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

will make macaroni and other edible pastes that are of a yellowish
color and hard and vitreous, retaining their form after cooking.
It has been found that durum wheats producing a hard vitreous
product have a high protein content and yield a semolina of compara-
tively high ash content. The protein content no doubt has an im-
portant connection with the quality and character of the macaroni
product, but the ash content probably is of no significance except
as it may be associated with some other factor that is of importance.
TABLE 5.—Average crude protein, ash, and gasoline color data recorded on flour made

from Kubanka selections and durum wheat varieties grown at Dickinson, N. Dak., and
at Fargo, N. Dak., in the years stated.

{Data from the research laboratory, Grain Division, Bureau of Agricultural Economics.]}

Crude protein’ (N. X | 4.1: J Gasoline color score of
5.7) in flour (per cent). Ash in flour (per cent). | flour.
Strain or variety. af neata| | a egite ae |
Dickin-| Fargo, | Dickin- Fargo, jee Fargo,
son, |io1and, “Vel | 80D, ligorang| AVer- | SOM, |i907 anq| Aver-
1920 to |"“j995 1920 to | “jgsp 1920 to |"F95 age
1922. ere 1922. 1922. :
= ee a ge eR ee Ee oe. Sel : a — = => —— ae
Wuibanka wo. 8.02.6 225 &: 15013-9222 Aa ee O88. 8st aoe 1362))- ores ee ee
motbankar No: 34. Le - 522 eet 18.5 14.4; 16.5 1.02 1,05 1, 04 1,61 2.00 1.81
Kubanka No; 582. 2... 29.221 LT Toe eee Slee eee Lil Seabee oie ee Dadi = BEE eee eee
KubankaNo.: 7424-2 . = 422). |. 18.4 14.8 |= 16.6°| 1.04 1.13 1,09 1:72 |. ~2.09 1. 91
Kubanka No. 94... 2. e... bee deed 15S Fats G65: . 99 1.14 1.07 Zan Ss dace 1327
Nodak (Kubanka No. 98)....| 18.4 16.7 16 L505 1,18 1B 1.45 1. 46 1. 46
Kubanka No. 99............. 17.8 164) 5 elie L1GO8 NEPA 15 1.32 1.30 1,31
Kubanka No. Ue 22k |; 18.1) 16.8 17.5%| 3-106 1,16 Kail 1.39 TAZ 1, 28
Kubanka No. 132.........--- Seas 1 AC Peapod [abe at | Gi ic lee Be 1,75! eee
KubankasNo. 133i 22. he 17.4 LAO. ole LOS 1, 20 12 1.88 | 2.34 Za
COLANO. F440 Ss Sere rae ie 18.5 14591 16:72 104 Api | 1,08 1.67 1. 94 1.81
Monn 7 Sto stevie Sa ek aes} Sede 16.8 16.8 | . 85 1. 03 94 1. 06 1.02 1.04
A. CONICS eno Senesee oe oe ee 216.5 | 611.8 | c14,.2| @.91 b.80 ¢,.86 | 21.67 b .69 c1.18
WMaiadyinat oe do is wv See ee AY bea apie be leecseaee | p80 seein a cee 1,68. |. es ecules
a Data for 1920 and 1922 only. b Data for 1921 only. ¢ Not comparable.

Table 5 shows the average data on crude protein, ash content,
and gasoline color value * of flour obtained by the research labora-
tory of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics * from the Kubanka
selections and other durum varieties grown at Dickinson, N. Dak.,
in the three years, 1920, 1921, and 1922, and at Fargo in the two
years, 1921 and 1922. Nodak (Kubanka No. 98) ranks highest in
crude protein and second in ash content, averaging 17.6 per cent
and 1.12 per cent, respectively, for those constituents. It is medium
in gasoline color, averaging 1.46. Kubanka No. 99 ranks third in
crude protein and first in ash content, with averages of 17.1 per cent
and 1.15 per cent, respectively, and averages 1.31 in gasoline color.
Kubanka No. 74 is medium in both crude protein and ash content
and high in the color test, averaging 1.91 in the latter. Kubanka
No. 133, averaging 2.11, gave the highest average gasoline color
test for the two stations and was second in ash content. Kubanka
No. 34 is also high in color value. Kubanka No. 58, a red durum
selection grown at Dickinson, gave the highest gasoline color score
for that station, averaging 2.12 for the 3-year period.

’ The gasoline color test is considered the best practical method of determining the color value of adurum
wheat for macaroni manufacture, aside from actually making the macaroni. The North Dakota Agri-
cultural Experiment Station has recently milled different varieties of durum wheat into semolina, and the
samples have been manufactured into macaroni by commercial companies. The finished product from
the different varieties shows remarkable variat on in color and appearance and indicates clearly the im-
portance of securing a variety possessing suitable characters before it is recommended for distribution.

‘ The semolina experiments were conducted by D. A. Coleman and Alfred Christie, jr., of the research
laboratory, Grain Division, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, to whom the writers of this bulletin are
indebted for the results here reported.

hoM,

-
satus Sah pod Weta tte 2

SEK ivbligete sts,

4
Bs

inte VY

IMPROVEMENT OF KUBANKA DURUM WHEAT. 1]

A milling company at Minneapolis, Minn., has found the Pekar
“test for color to be practicable for determining color values and
shade of semolinas. A light yellow or amber is the color which they
prefer. Samples of several of the Kubanka selections and durum-
wheat varieties were furnished that milling company for the making

of this test. The data are given in Table 6.

~The results show that Nodak (Kubanka No. 98) has the desired

shade. Its score is about equal to that of the original Kubanka,

Kubanka No. 8, and Mindum and is better than that of the other

selections and varieties.

TaBLe 6.—Score and shade of Pekar tes! for color recorded on semolina made from Ku
banka selections and durum-wheat varieties grown at Fargo, N. Dak., in 1921 and 192
and at Dickinson, N. Dak., in 1922.

; [Data from a milling company at Minneapolis, Minn.]

2

Score. Shade.
pend Fargo. = sea Fargo. | Dickinson.
—
1921 1922 1922 | 1921 1922 | 1922

Kuhanka No. 8........|... et. eee epee eee ee ee eu ir ey, ge | Light yellow.
Kubanka No. 34... -.-. i ee BGs HIehe Venow 2.52. -\5-- 2. 72-2 oeeee se Pale yellow.
UST TE Oe ane od ee ge ee TOT Se. 5 ae eine ap eta te ee eee Brown-yellow.
Kubanka No. 74...-... {eas 97 rips GONOW. - 2). 2 hoc saces 2 cas pie | Pale yellow.
Kubanka No. 94._..... 18 fo Seg Ee i> Rs Bas eee eee | Dull yellow.
— (Kubanka No. | 98 97 98 | Light yellow........ Light yellow ~<a Light yellow.
Kubanka No..99..._.. + 30 SS DS + Dall eray.- 3: => Dull yellow....| Gray yellow.
Kubanka No. 117...... i Sera (om Gees 1 11 ee eee Pee eee Pe a Dull yellow.
Kubanka No. 132...... See En Peon “19 (Ss gle te PRE LT ig i | i elie aE ee | Pale yellow.
Kubanka No. 133... ... : 11 4 ae 64.4 Nery bright, yellow..|; ---2:-<-s<s.ane0s | Brown-yellow.
ag (C. I. No. | 93. 100 97 | Light yellow........ Light yellow...| Pale yellow.
Monad . pa ee oe See 85 Bont oh ee eds hoo Dull yellow --...| Dull gray.
ES a eee 85 2% eas eS eer) eae GT aia 2 Do.
[i ae 99 7 hay ta ee a oe Light yellow...) Pale yellow.

MILLING AND BAKING QUALITIES.

Little or no durum-wheat flour is used alone for bread making. |
Most of that used in bread making is blended with flour from other
classes of wheat. Durum wheats generally have a higher bushel
weight than a common wheat like Marquis. Correlated with this
higher bushel weight the durum wheats produce a slightly greater
yield of flour, on the average, than the common wheats. Durum-
wheat flour contains more gluten, on the average, than common
wheat flour, but this gluten is of inferior quality. Bread made from
durum wheat has an agreeable flavor, but has a smaller loaf volume
and scores somewhat lower in color than bread made from standard
red spring wheats. The loaf volume and color of crumb from Ku-
banka wheat average better than those from most other durum
varieties.

Milling and baking experiments were conducted with the best of
the Kubanka selections and a few standard durum varieties grown at
Dickinson, N. Dak., during the three years from 1920 to 1922 and at
Fargo, N. Dak., in 1921 and 1922.5 The more important milling and

5 The milling and baking experiments with wheat grown in 1920 were conducted by the milling laboratory
of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station. The milling and baking experiments with wheat
Metenitiees Sven 1922 were conducted by the Milling Investigations Section, Grain Division, Bureau of

a omics.

f

12 BULLETIN 1192, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

baking results are presented in Table 7, which shows the average data
for the 3-year period at Dickinson and for the two years at Fargo’
and also the average for each selection or variety at the two stations.
Kubanka No. 99 showed the highest average yield of flour produced
in comparable tests, followed by Nodak. The volume of loaf of
these two selections is not high. Kubanka No. 74 ranked highest
among the durums in average loaf volume and highest of all varieties,
including Marquis and Kota, in texture of crumb.

TABLE 7.—Average milling and baking data obtained from the Kubanka selections and
durum varieties grown at Dickinson, N. Dak., in 1920, 1921, and 1922 and at Fargo,
N. Dak., in 1921 and 1922.

{Data on 1920 crop from the milling laboratory of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station;
those on the 1921 and 1922 crops from the Milling Investigations Section, Grain Division, Bureau of
Agricultural Economics.]}

Bushel weight (pounds). Milling yield of flour (per cent).
Strain or variety. Dick Dick: |
betel Res ot Ne =e) Hinge ee 4 Rares
inson = Average. | inson, » | Average.
3 years. | 2 Years. on Ee years. | 2 Years. 8
KoupankanNonS.~ . thee «as scee eeeeaw sas BONS | eee om eheeis seer TALS he cae Ss eeae| soe
Kaban kadNoo4: 265 fa. osc~ ss eee oseeeee 60. 4 56. 2 58. 3 75. 5 j 69. 0 72.3
KarbankagNos 585 oo se os ss nae eset ek a ee Se eee oe ects eee ae YAR Vid se aR ee ge seat -
ReIDSNKAENO G40 eet oes ee oe eco cee 59.9 55. 6 57. 8 | 75.6 aie 73.4
AUP ATI RAP NO OA os oe hen 2a el pears eee LX pi Uae | eRe e e 176.7 72.9 274.8
Kubanka: No;.98 (Nodak). 2222.2: 2222..528 59.3 58.1 58.7 73.4 74.8 74.1
KANON, OO en 2 oo eas een aves 60.7 58.8 59. 8 74.7 74.0 74. 4
KabamkasNiog Wigs ch oe eee = ee ae = | 60. 8 | 57.6 59. 2 74.6 69.9 72.3
Kubsnies Nos tore: cans oi oo tke tk va Glide oF pare levees oe 26,0 toes te es ee
Kor bens Nig es oer isxeeea ae BONG eae 79.1 | 68.0| ~ 273.6
Kubankar€@sTNo: 1440) 2 92. oe ae esos 60. 1 56.6 58. 4 73.9 | 69.6 | 71.8
Monadil(C te Nosso20)s sic.c 0 oe eens 60.3 58.9 59.6 ta eee eee
‘Acme: (Cal NOCb284) oe 8 (te ees os 60. 4 60.0 | 60. 2 TSS nose ee ee
Mindum (Cok, Nox5296). Ss Se ere 60.3 57.9 | 59.1 fy (A a ed Pe os mee
Marquis(G.L.NONo64))oos.2< soe eee 57.7. 54.5 56. 1 70. 1 69.1 | 69.6
ota (CEN: BSB) oo eee ae 59.6 57.7 58.7 rE ay 72.5 re
Baking results.
| Loaf volume (c.c.). |Textureofcrumb(score).| Color of crumb (score).
Strain or variety.
Ae ceil ars | | FFs
| we | Fargo, | Aver- Cs | Fargo, | Aver- | eS | Fargo, | Aver-
3 years | 2 years.| age 3 years. 2 years. | age. [3 y oars. ? years.| age.
yf. ae - c 2 | Th | 7 !
Kubanka 3No. 8... 5.5.2 265-62 DQ pare arse oe oe te 8 UN il Baar oe eee 89.7) See «Ska eee
Kalbanka “No. 34.2. :2.22..2.2 1,937 | 2,110] 2,024 92.8 93.2} 93.0} 91.3 85. 0 88. 2
Kubanka No. 58............. 1nd O90) Moe Sle metic aa O25, [net Sects eee 88.5 [520 . See hoe eee
Kubanka No. 74.2.0: 0.0. 2..22- / 2,096 | 2,055 | 2,076 94.7 95.7 95. 2 91.7 85. 5 88.6
Kubarika No. 94.002 55.00 0 :|..0d22. et iY Eaten fe OB OSH TS ie oe wR ees Bee 87.8 |e
Kubanka No. 98 (Nodak)....| 1,842 | 1,975} 1,909 86.3 | 88.0 87.2 88. 0 85.7 86.9
Kubanka No. 99............-. 1,858 | 1,860 1,859 88.5; 88.4] 885 90. 0 86. 2 88. 1
Kubanka No. 117............ | 1,930, 1,975 | 1,953 91.1; 90.5 90.8 91.0 87.5 89.3
Kubanka No. 132) 0.22.22 25.| D O30 HE cass 5 aes OD ON Sa eeelan sce tate wok eel abe Lo eee
Kubanka JNO: 133525154. 3.- 2) 5.26 eos ibe Ely Grn Meee esse Meee 8 883510. 3S. e| Bese 83:9"). as
Kubanka (C. I. No. 1440)....) 1,903 | 2,100; 2,002 90. 4 91.0 90. 7 90. 2 86.7 88.5
Monad (C. I. No. 3320)....... 45800 15... Sesesle ates They Lae oi bee a ab 8877) 21224) a ee
Acme (C. I. No. 5284)........ 1eGOS) tees soo let eaeeee Be coe eae bea Bis mele 80.0 |24.. 2222 /b eee
Mindum (C. I. No. 5296)..... FS ye ie A eereinierros UGE Sil Re aH Sa 88. 3n|zacbeore \> > eereras
Marquis (C. I. No. 3641). .... 2,357 | 2,345 | 2,351 89.2 88.3 88.8 92.0 90. 4 91.2
Kota (C. I. No. 5878). ....-..| 2,243 | 2,255 | 2,249 90. 7 90. 2 90. 6 89.5 89.3 89. 4

1 Average for two years only.

2 Not entirely comparable.

3 Data for one year only.

IMPROVEMENT OF KUBANKA DURUM WHEAT. 13
SUMMARY.

Kubanka is superior to each of the other varieties of durum wheat
in one or more important characters.

From a head selection made in 1906 from Kubanka (C. I. No.
1440) at the Dickinson substation, Kubanka No. 8 (C. I. No. 4063)
was developed. This strain ranks high in quality and in yield
under rust-free conditions, but is somewhat more susceptible to
rust than the original Kubanka.

One hundred and forty-three head selections were made from
Kubanka (C. I. No. 1440) at the Dickinson substation in 1915. The
best of these have been grown at Dickinson during the past seven
years in the nursery and five years in plats; at Fargo, N. Dak.,
during five years in the nursery and two years in plats; and at Man-
dam, N. Dak., Edgeley, N. Dak., and Moccasin, Mont., for one year
im plats.

TABLE 8.—Average data obtained on yield, stem-rust infection, and gasoline color score
of the Kubanka selections and durum-wheat varieties grown at Dickinson, N. Dak.,
during the years from 1917 to 1922 and at Fargo, N. Dak., during the years from 1918
to 1922, inclusive. |

tem-rust infection

nm

_ Gasoline color score.

| (ner cent).
7 | Dickin- | | |
Strain or variety. Dickinson. Fargo. | son. Fargo. | |
~ i | iekin-!
- SSS = Aver- ie | Fargo, Aver-
l -
Plats, | NZS plats | Nurs- | Nurs- | Nurs- | 28 | years. |2 Years-| age.
2 | ery >| ery ery ery
2 years. ¢ vars. 2 oat 5 years. 3 years. 5 years.| |
| | | a }
| |
Kubanka No. 8........ “3 ES Siete aes ; oi aeaeees. pees | 7 i Mette ee
Kubanka No. 34....-... 18.0 18.0 23.9 | 30.9 | 7 22) 19.5 1.61 | 2.00 1.81
Kubanka No. 58 20.3 ve & Seeeaee Bee 5 Pe ee oa 7 As gl Sage ees a
Kubanka No. 74 19.1 17.9 re 34.1 | 5 38 | 21.5 1572'}" 2209 91
Muhankst No: 94 2522 Stott: 15.9 33.0 31.7 | 3 17 | 10.0 1.24 $5292. 4227
Kubanka No. 98 (No-

TS 2 yea epee nee 20.7! 16.8 =: | 48 eh ai 2 8} 5.0 1.45 1.46 1.46
Kubanka No. 99.. a 20.4 16.3 33.2 | 37.4 2 6; 4.0 1.32 12305) Si
Kubanka No. 117....... 20. 4 1,04. oe 34.2 3 8 5.9 1.39 Pay Vea 2e
Kubanka No. 132...-.-. 20.3 16s es At 38 ee eos 9 A are a ge be ee | Ey (a's
Kubanka No. 133-.....'.......-. 16.4 20.4} 35.1 4 39 | 21.5 1.88 2.34) 2.11
Kubanka (C. I. No. . | |

ic. OE aes eee + 19.3 15.8 77. pee eee 7 40 | 23.5 1.67] 1.94! 1.81
Monad (C. 1, No. 3320) =.}. 20.8 |.....-.. Soe Dy pene oe ee es pertesse 4206: 1.0257 4
Acme (C. I. No. 5284)...} 19.4 |........ 31.8 Yet Eft <- nS i BORE fe% pee 21.67 | 4.69 |21.18
Mindum (C. I. No. 5296); 18.2 /-....... Wd Ee cas | 9 SS es al EE ee oes Besa

4 |

2 Not entirely comparable.

The most important results obtained from these experiments
are summarized in Table 8, which shows the average data obtained
at Dickinson and Fargo on grain yield* and on stem-rust infection
and the average gasoline color score of flour made from grain grown
at these two stations.

6 Table 2 shows 5-year average yields at Dickinson, N. Dak. Table 7 shows the average yield for only
two years, as some of the selections were grown for only two years in the larger plats. The results fora
longer period in smaller plats agree closely with the results shown in Table 8.

14 BULLETIN 1192, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

Nodak (Kubanka No. 98) equaled Monad at Dickinson in the
5-year average yield in plats and outyielded all the other selections
and varieties. This selection was very resistant to rust at both
stations. It is slightly weak in straw, ranking with Monad in this
respect. In semolina qualities it ranked highest of the four rust-
resistant strains. It ranked first in crude protein and about medium
in gasoline color value, averaging 17.6 and 1.46 per cent, respectively,
for these qualities. It has a high color score and the desired light-
yellow shade, as determined by the Pekar test. It ranked slightly
above the average in yield of flour and slightly below the average in
loaf volume. Because of the greater advantages of Nodak (Kubanka
No. 98) over the other selections it has been named and seed in-
creased at the Dickinson substation, where more than 200 bushels of
seed were grown in 1922.

Kubanka No. 99 outyielded all other selections at Fargo in both
the plats and the nursery and almost equaled Monad in yield. It
yielded comparatively high at Dickinson. It ranks with Monad in
rust resistance and is slightly better in strength of straw. In semo-
lina qualities it has an average score of 17.1 per cent in crude protein
and 1.31 in color value, being slightly below Nodak in these qualities,
although considerably above Monad and Acme in color and slightly
better in crude protem. Kubanka No. 99 is above the average in
yield of flour and slightly below the average in loaf volume.

Kubanka No. 74 did not yield especially well in the plats at Dick-
inson and Fargo, although in the nursery it ranked first at Dickinson
and yielded well at Fargo. It also yielded well in the 1-year tests
at Mandan and Moccasin. It is not especially rust resistant, but is
early and has stiff straw. It ranks high in color score for semolina
and is good in milling and baking qualities.

Kubanka No. 133 was only medium in yield and rust resistance,
but has stiff straw and averaged very high in color value for semolina.

Kubanka No. 58, a red durum grown only at Dickinson, has yielded.
fairly well, is very rust resistant, fairly good in milling and baking
qualities, and unusually high in color score for semolina.

Monad ranked first in yield at Fargo and tied with Nodak for first
place in the 5-year average yield at Dickinson. Acme yielded shghtly
less than Monad at both places. The North Dakota Agricultural
Experiment Station has milled semolina from the crop of the Monad
and Acme varieties for one year, and macaroni has been made from it.
The macaroni from both these varieties is inferior in color.

Nodak (Kubanka No. 98) combines high-yielding ability, rust
resistance, and good quality for the making of macaroni. It appar-
ently is the most promising selection or variety for North Dakota
and will be increased and distributed for commercial growing in
that State.

ORGANIZATION OF THE
= UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

October 22, 1923.

MurmemirIen MQTICHIUe.-_. fou. Se Sa le: Henry C. WALLACE.:
Assistant Secretary....-..-.- SS eae eae Howarp M. Gore.
Prermmeescreniiic Work... -- 2.22.22 2---- E. D. Batt.
Pirecur of hegulatory Work. ....-2...-------- Wa.terR G. CAMPBELL.
Director of Extension Work ........-..--.---: C. W. WARBURTON.
ES ES ee ea CHARLES F. Marvin, Chief.
Bureau of Agricultural Economics. ....------- Henry C. Taytor, Chief.
Bureau of Animal Industry. ....-.---..------. Joun R. Monter, Chief.
Pimeaieor Lia, Industry... 2....22--...2--: Wriii1aM A. Taytor, Chief.
Cp OL STE ES. ae ge ae W. B. GREELEY, Chief.
NT re C. A. BRowNE, Chief.
|, Bureau of Souls. ..-.-..---- € ties a Ea Minton Wuairney, Chief.
irene Pnomolegy.... v2 sas i. = ee L. O. Howarp. Chief.
bureau of istolegical Survey-...../...-.--.---- E. W. Netson, Chief.
Berea, t Woiewogds =... 2.2... 2-.------=- Tuomas H. MacDonatp, Chief.
Bureau of Home Economics ....-.--..-- Se. Louise STANLEY, Chief.
Fixed Nitrogen Research Laboratory. .....----- F. G. Corrrett, Director.
Division of Accounts and Disbursements......-- 4 A. ZAPPONE, Chief.
Wimmer Soo) 22 LL CLARIBEL R. Barnett, Librarian.
i Federal Horticultural Board..-:.:.-.-...--:--- C. L. Martartr, Chairman.
| Insecticide and Fungicide Board... ..... Bea J. K. Haywoop, Chairman.
_ Packers and Stockyards Administration.......-- \CHESTER Morritt, Assistant to the
Grain Future Trading Act Administration. . . - JS Secretary.

Oijice a; ne sohenori.2 2) 2s... page Sens R. W. Witu1aMs, Solicitor.

This bulletin is a contribution from

me buren of Plent Industry. .....--2...-.-0-.-- Wriu1aAM A. Taytor, Chief.
Office of Cereal Investigations. ......-.-.-.-- CARLETON R. Batu, Cerealist in Charge.

15

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