lililtllill!!!!! i!l!!tii';i';;!!!ilii'' ii! ttiiint(i!mnii(iiiiiii!iiinnriiiinff Id ^ — ^^^ ^^HI^Bi JJ 1h^^^ ^^^ r-q — m nj a !i^ s r^ LJ j-j^SS m ^^^ a An Index to the Chemical Action of Microorganisms on the Non-Nitrogenous Organic Compounds AN INDEX TO THE CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS ON THE NON-NITROGENOUS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS by ELLIS L FULMER, Ph. D. Professor of Biophysical Chemistry Iowa State College and C. H. WERKMAN, Ph. D. Associate Professor of Bacteriology^ Iowa State College Assistant Chief in Bacteriology Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station Assisted by x^NELLA WiEBEN and Calvin R. Breden Instructors in Chemistry Iowa State College 1930 CHARLES C THOMAS • PUBLISHER SPRINGFIELD • ILLINOIS BALTIMORE • MARYLAND COPYRIGHT, 1930, BY CHARLES C THOMAS MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES An Index to the Chemical Action of Microorganisms on the Non-Nitrogenous Organic Compounds PREFACE The material presented in this volume is a summary of information in the process of organization for several years, being maintained both in card index and tabular form. These data have been consulted on numerous occasions by various workers in the field of zymology. At the urgent request of these workers, who have found our files and tables useful, we are making this information more generally available in the present form. It is our hope that this index will be of definite value in the rapidly developing field of zymology. Ellis I. Fulmer C. H. Werkman Iowa State College January 24, 1930 CONTENTS Preface vii Introduction xi I Table One: Index to Microorganisms 3 II Table Two: Index to Organic (Non-Nitro- genous) Substrates 59 III Table Three: Index to Products 109 IV References 167 39898 INTRODUCTION In the course of studies on the production of chemicals from agricultural wastes by the action of microorganisms it seemed advisable to obtain a comprehensive view of the chemicals which have been reported as produced by the action of bacteria, yeasts, and molds on various substrates. A survey was made with reference to non-nitrogenous compounds since such com- pounds furnish the important sources of energy for the organisms and for the zymotechnical production of chemicals on a large scale. This study was further limited to those instances in which a named organism acted on a named sub- strate to produce a named compound. To cover the literature completely even with the above limitations would involve so much material as to become un- wieldy. The purpose of this survey is to cite references involving a variety of organisms, substrates, products, and authorities; that is, to give a cross section of the field complete enough to introduce the reader to the subject. Hence the authors have purposely omitted much material on the more common types of fermentation with only typical references, while for more uncommon types the treatment has been practically complete. Since the purpose is not primarily historical many of the older references have been omitted and later work cited. A survey was likewise made of the media and analytical methods for each reference listed. This information will be reserved for a further communication. However, a few general remarks may be pertinent. For example, it is an open question whether in some instances succinic acid is produced from the non-nitrogenous substrate or is a secondary product resulting from the breakdown of the cell or is due to the action upon glutaminic acid. Oxidation and reduction (dehydrogenation and hydrogenation) may in some instances be due to conditions in the medium rather than to direct action of the living organisms. The recent work of Conant and Aston (1928), for example, has shown the production of acetone, carbon dioxide, xi xii INTRODUCTION complex crystalline bodies, and gummy substances, by the oxidation of isobutyraldehyde by potassium permanganate or potassium dichromate under the given conditions of temper- ature and relative concentrations of the reagents. The material at hand likewise shows that one of the immediate needs in the field of zymology is the development and consistent use of adequate analytical methods for the fermentation products. The names ascribed to the microorganisms by the various investigators have been listed as they are given in the original communication. In case the generic or specific designation has been changed since that time the later name has been cross- indexed. The use of an author's name for an organism has been given to identify it. When the statement is made that a certain organism was used to produce definite products, no attempt was made by the authors of this index to judge the purity of the culture. The technique in many instances has not been such as to warrant the conclusions which have been drawn with regard to the ability of the organism to bring about the action reported. It is unfortunate that occasionally investigators will execute a very careful piece of research from a chemical point of view and fail to describe the organism with which the work was done, merely referring to it as a "bacillus." Reference to a number of publications has been omitted for this reason. Frequently a description of an organism has been given which may be adequate for purposes of classification but no name has been attached. The authors wish to emphasize the importance of a proper use of bacterial taxonomy in chemical studies of fermentation. The results of the literature survey made with the limita- tions above outlined are presented in three Tables involving the four items: organism, substrate, product and authority. In Table i they are shown in the order named above. This compilation enables the reader to gain an idea of the general chemical actions of a given organism and to compare them with others. In Table 2 the order is substrate, product, organism, authority, enabling the reader at a glance to gain an idea of the various products elaborated from a given substrate by the organism involved. It is of interest to note that the products INTRODUCTION xiii from the pentoses are of the same types as those produced from the hexoses. The order in Table j is product^ substrate^ organism^ anthorityy enabling the reader to find the types of substrate from which a given chemical has been reported as produced by the named organisms. At the end of the paper is given the list of references cited. It is the hope of the authors that this treatment, limited as it is, may be of value ingiving an adequate key to the literature on the chemical changes produced by microorganisms acting on non-nitrogenous organic compounds. CHAPTER I INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS CHAPTER I TABLE ONE INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates x^UTHORS Acetobacter acetum (See Mycoderma aceti) (See Bact. aceti) Acetobacter ascendens (See Bact. ascendens) Acetobacter melanogenu?n butyl ale. butyric ac. Visser't Hooft, 1925 isobutyl ale. isobutyric ac. Visser't Hooft, 1925 isopropyl ale. acetone Visser't Hooft, 1925 lactic ac. acetic ac. Visser't Hooft, 1925 propyl ale. propionic ac. Visser't Hooft, 1925 Acetobacter sorbose (See also sorbose bacterium) xylose CO2 Fred, Peterson and Anderson 1923 Acetobacter suboxydans adonitol d-adoninulose Visser't Hooft, 1925 2, 3-butylene glycol acetone Visser't Hooft, 1925 ethyl ale, lactic ac. acetic ac. Visser't Hooft, 1925 erythritol erythrose KluyveranddeLeeuw, 1924 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Acetobacter suboxydans (cent.) gluconic ac. hydroxygluconic ac. Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 glycerol dihydroxy-acetone Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 glycerol dihydroxy-acetone Brit, patent, 269,950 isopropyl ale. acetone Visser't Hooft, 1925 mannitol levulose Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 sorbitol sorbose Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 Acetobacter sp.? ethyl ale. acetic ac. Knieriem and Mayer, 1872 ethyl ale. acetic ac. Buchner and Gaunt, 1906 ethyl ale. acetic ac. Day and Baker, 1913 ethyl ale. acetic ac. Sohngen, 1913 gluconic ac. dihydroxyacetone, ethyl ale. Sohngen, 1914, 1915 glucose acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, gluconic ac. Sohngen, 19 14, 191 5 propyl ale. propionic ac. Buchner and Gaunt, 1906 Acetobacter xylinum (See also Bact. xylinuni) (See also B. xylinum) (See also sorbose bacterium) 2, 3-butylene glycol acetone Visser't Hooft, 1925 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Acetobacter xylinum (cent.) isopropyl ale. acetone Visser't Hooft, 1925 lactic ac. acetic ac. Visser't Hooft, 1925 d-propylene glycol acetol Visser't Hooft, 1925 xylose acetone, CO2, ethyl ale. Fred, Peterson and Anderson, 1923 Actinomyces sp. ? xylan ^ pentose (xylose?) Patrick, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 Aerobacilliis acetoethylicus (See B. acetoethylicus^ Aerobacillus asterosporiis (See B. polymyxa) Aerobacillus macerans (See B. macerans) Aerobacillus polymyxa (See B. polymyxa) Aerobacter aerogenes (See B. lactis aerogenes) (See Bact. lactis aerogenes) Aerobacter cloacae (See B. cloacae) Aerobacter faeni sucrose, xylose acetic ac, acetylmethyl earbinol. 2, 3-butylene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Amylobacter butylicus (See also B. amylobacter) glycerol, lactic ac. acetic ac, butyl ale, butyric ac. Duclaux, 1895 lactose, maltose, mann itol. acetic ac, butyl ale, butyric ac, starch, sucrose CO2, ethyl ale, Ho, lactic ac. Amylobacter ethylicus sucrose Duclaux, 1895 acetic ac, acetaldehyde, ethyl ale, lactic ac. Duclaux, 1895 Amylomyces Roiixii lactic ac. pyruvic ac. Maze, 1916 Aspergillus cellulosae dextrose acetaldehyde Cohen, 1920 Asp. cinnamoneus dextrose citric ac, gluconic ac Falck and Kapur, 1924 Asp.fumaricus arabinose fumaric ac, citric ac. Schreyer, 1928 dextrose, gluconic ic.,gly :eric citric ac. ac, glycerol. lactic ac, Schreyer, 1928 mannitol galactose fumaric ac, citric ac Schreyer, 1928 gluconic ac. citric ac. Schreyer, 1925, 1928 glyceric ac. citric ac Schreyer, 1928 sucrose ■ fumaric ac Wehmer, 191 8 sucrose citric ac, fumaric ac, gluconic ac, malic ac. Wehmer, 1928 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Substrates Products Authors Asp.Juscus dextrose citric ac, gluconic ac. Falck and Kapur, 1924 Asp. glaucus glycerol hydro-oxymaltol Traetta-Mosca and Preti, 1921 Asp. niger acetic ac. glycollic ac, glyoxylic ac, oxalic ac. Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 acetic ac, dextrose, starch. oxalic ac. tartaric ac. Wehmer, 1891 acetonedicat boxylic ac oxalic ac. Walker, Subramaniam and Challenger, 1927 arabinose, dextrose, ga lactose. citric ac. glycerose , levulose. maltose. Amelung, 1927 mannose , sucrose, xylose arabinose, gluconic ac. citric ac, oxalic ac. glycerol. mannitol quinic Butkewitsch, 1923 ac, sacc laric ac. sucrose arabinose, c extrose, glycerol, gluconic ac. levulose, mannitol. sucrose Bernhauer, 1928 butyric ac. /3-hydroxy butyric ac, acetoacetic ac, acetone Koppock, Subramaniam and Walker, 1928 cinnamic ac styrol Herzog and Ripke, 1908 citric ac. acetone, glyoxylic ac, malonic ac, oxalic ac. Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 citric ac. acetonedicarboxylic ac. Walker, Subramaniam and Challenger, 1927 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Asp. niger (cent.) citric ac. glycollic ac. Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 citric ac. oxalic ac. Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 dextrin, dextrose, glycerol. citric ac, oxalic ac. inulin, lactose, mannitol. Elfving, 1919 sucrose dextrose acetic ac, oxalic ac. Heinze, 1903 dextrose, sucrose citric ac. Bernhauer, 1928 dextrose citric ac, gluconic ac. Falck and Kapur, 1924 dextrose citric ac, oxalic ac. Wehmer, 1924 dextrose ethyl ale, CO2 Kostytschew, 1907 dextrose gluconic ac. Miiller, 1925 dextrose oxalic ac. Wehmer, 1897 fumaric ac. 1-malic ac Challenger and Klein, 1929 gluconic ac. citric ac, saccharic ac. Walker, Subramaniam and Challenger, 1927 gluconic ac. citric ac, oxalic ac. Wehmer, 1925 oxalic ac. glycollic ac. Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 phloridzin phloroglucinol, dextrose Boas, 1916 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates x^UTHORS Asp. niger (cent.) raffinose oxalic ac Gillot, 1899 saccharic ac. citric ac Walker, Challenger and Su- bramaniam, 1927 succinic ac, fumaric ac, malic oxalic ac ac, tartaric ac. , acetic ac. Raistrick and Clark, 1919 sucrose citric ac Currie, 1917 sucrose citric ac, gluconic ac, oxalic ac. Bernhauer, 1924 sucrose citric ac, gluconic ac, oxalic ac. Butkewitsch, 1924 sucrose citric ac, gluconic ac, oxalic ac. Bernhauer, 1926 sucrose kojic ac Kinoshita, 1927 sucrose oxalic ac. Currie, 1919 tartaric ac, lactic ac, quinic ethyl ale ac, glycerol. mannitol, Kostytschew and Afanassjewa, sucrose 1922 Asp. niger-mutante pyruvic ac. acetaldehyde Nagayama, 1921 Asp. oryzae quinic ac protocatechuic ac, pyrocatechol Butkewitsch, 1924 sucrose kojic ac. Kinoshita, 1927 Bacillus acetobutylicus (See CI. acetobiitylicuni) CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B.* aceti arabinose, dextrose, erythritol oxalic ac. ethyleneglycol, glycerol. Banning, 1902 glycollic ac, isobutyric . ac, isolichenin, levulose, malonic ac, rhamnose. sucrose B. aceti (Hansen) ethyl ale. acetic ac. Buchner and Gaunt, 1906 propyl ale. propionic ac. Buchner and Gaunt, 1906 B. aceti viscosmn dextrose gluconic ac. Day and Baker, 1913 ethyl ale. acetic ac. Day and Baker, 1913 B. acetigenum arabinose, dextrose. oxalic a:. glycollic ac. Banning, 1902 dextrose gluconic ac. Henneberg, 1898 B. acetoethylicum arabinose, dextrose, galactose. acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. glycerol, lactic ac, levu- Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, lose, maltose. mannose. 1919 raffinose, starch , sucrose. xylose dextrose, maltose acetone, ethyl ale, pyruvic ac. Speakman, 1925 * While B. usually designates Bacillus, this symbol is used occasionally for Bacterium, and leads to confusion. The authors have used the designa- tion of the authorities cited. INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. acetoethylicum (cent.) dextrose, starch, sucrose. acetic ac, acetone, ethyl ale. xylose formic ac, lactic ac. Arzberger, Peterson and Fred, 1920 starch acetaldehyde Peterson and Free ,1920 B. acetoethylicus dextrose acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbinol, acetone, 2, 3-butylene gly- col, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac. Donker, 1926 starch, sucrose acetone, ethyl ale Bakonyi, 1926 B. acetosum arabinose, dext rin, dex trose. oxalic ac. erythritol, e thyleneg lycol, Banning, 1902 glycollic ac. malonic ac. dextrose gluconic ac. Henneberg, 1898 /^^^^ B. acidi-laevolactici M^^ sucrose 1-lactic ac. Schardinger, 189c ujIlIBR/ B. acidi propionici (See Propionibacterium pen- tosaceum) B. acidi propiotiici lactic ac. acetic ac, CO2, propi onic ac von Fruedenreich and Jensen, 1906 Bacillus aerogenes (See B. lactis aerogeyies) c "o^^^ aryUj 12 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. aerogenes dextrose acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-butyleneglycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac Scheffer, 1928 B. amaracrylus glycerol acrylaldehyde Voisenet, 191 8 B. amarificans (See B. lactis) ' B. amylobacter (See Clostridium butyric um) (See Granulobacter butylicum) B. anthracis maltose, sucrose acetylmethyl carbinol Lemoigne, 19 19 starch dextrose Maumus, 1893 B. ascendens (See also Acetobacter ascendens) ('See also Bart, ascendens) B. ascendens acetaldol /3-butylene glycol, jS-hydroxybu- tyric ac. Binder-Kotrba, 1926 arabinose, dextrose ethylene oxalic ac glycol, glycerol, glycollic Banning, 1902 ac, malonic ac, rhamnose methylethyl-acetaldehyde 1-amyl ale, valeric ac. Neuberg and Simon, 1926 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 13 Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. butylicus (See also B. amylobacter) dextrose, glycerol acetic ac, n-butyl ale, n-butyric ac, formic ac, lactic ac Buchner and Meisenheimer, 1908 dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac, butyric ac, butyl ale, caproic ac, propionic ac. caprylic ac. Neuberg and Arinstein, 1921 glycerol n-amyl ale, n-butyl ale, n-propyl ale Morin, 1887 glycerol, mannitol butyl ale Emmerling, 1897 glycerol, mannitol, sucrose butyl ale, butyric ac, lactic ac. Fitz, 1882 B. butyric us (See B. amylobacter) B. casei dextrose lactic ac. Virtanen and Karstrom, 1928 B. casei lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, propionic ac. Orla-Jensen, 1904 B. casei E. sucrose i-lactic ac. Virtanen, Wichmann and Lind- strom, 1927 B. caucasicus (See Bact. caucasicum) B. cellulosae dissolvens cellulose acetic ac, butyric ac, CO2, ethyl ale. Ha Khouvine, 1923 H CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. cloacae arabinose, galactose, isodul- acetylmethyl carbinol cite, levulose, mannose Harden and Norris, 191 2 dextrose, mannitol acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-bu- tylene glycol Thompson, 191 2 dextrose • acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-bu- tylene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac. Scheffer, 1928 dextrose, mannitol acetic ac, ethyl ale, CO2, formic ac, lactic ac, succinic ac. Thompson, 19 12 B coli (See also Bad. coli) (See also Bad. coli communis) dextrose pyruvic ac. Aubel, 1926 dextrose acetic ac, ethyl ale, 1-lactic ac, succinic ac. Grimbert, 1896 dextrose acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac. Ho, lactic ac, succinic ac. Scheffer, 1928 dextrose, galactose. lactose. lactic ac. mannitol, mannose sucrose Pere, 1898 dextrose, mannitol acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac, succinic ac. Thompson, 191 2 dextrose acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. Virtanen and Simola, 1927 dextrose lactic ac. Neuberg and Gorr, 1926 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B coli (cont.) lactose acetic ac, ethyl ale, 1-lactic ac, succinic ac. Grimbert, 1896 malic ac. fumaric ac. Ouastel and Whetham, 1924 methylglyoxal lactic ac. Neuberg and Gorr, 1926 pyruvic ac. acetic ac, formic ac, glycollic ac, lactic ac. Cambier and Aubel, 1922 sviccinic ac. fumaric ac Quastel and Whetham, 1924 sucrose lactic ac, methylglyoxal Virtanen and Simola, 1927 B. coli communis (See also B. coli) (See also Bact. coli) (See also Bact. coli communis) arabinose, dextrose, d-galac- acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale. Ho, tose, levulose, mannitol lactic ac, succinic ac. Harden, 1901 citric ac. acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, succinic ac. dextrose Grey, 1923 acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac.,H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. dextrose Grey, 191 8 acetaldehyde dextrose Grey, 1913 acetic ac, CO2, H2, ethyl ale, lactic ac. dextrose Harden, 1899 acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. Grey, 1920 i6 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Substrates Products Authors B. coli communis (cent.) dextrose acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. Grey and Young, 1921 dextrose dextrose, mannitol acetic ac, lactic ac, succinic ac. Young, 1924 acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. dextrose Grey, 191 8 formic ac. Franzen and Kahlenberg, 1916 dextrose 1-lactic ac. Kimura, 1928 dextrose CO2, lactic ac Goto, 1925 dextrose, gluconic ac, man- acetic ac, formic ac, succinic ac nitol, saccharic ac. formic ac. Kay, 1926 CO2, H2 Franzen and Kahlenberg, 1916 fumaric ac. glucosamine succinic ac. Quastel, Stephenson and Whetham, 1925 d-lactic ac. glycerol Kimura, 1928 acetic ac, COo, ethyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac, succinic ac Grey, 1923 lactic ac. pyruvic ac Quastel, Stephenson and Whetham, 1925 malic ac. succinic ac, fumaric ac. Quastel and Whetham, 1924 malic ac. acetic ac, ethyl ale, succinic ac malonic ac. Grey, 1923 acetic ac. Grey, 1923 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. coli com?nunis (cent.) succinic ac. acetic ac, formic ac, H2 Grey, 1923 tartaric ac. acetic ac, ethyl ale, succinic ac Grey, 1923 B. cylindrosporus (See B. lactis) B. Delbriicki dextrin, dextrose, maltose, 1-lactic ac. sucrose Henneberg, 1903 methylglyoxal d, 1-lactic ac Henneberg, 1903 phenylglyoxal d-mandelic ac. Henneberg, 1903 B. dioxyacetonicum glycerol dihydroxyacetone Virtanen and Barlund, 1926 B. dysenteriae, Shiga-Kruse dextrose acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac, succinic ac Scheffer, 1928 dextrose acetic ac, acetaldehyde, ethyl ale, formic ac, succinic ac Bergh, 1928 B. ethaceticus arabinose acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac, succinic ac. Frankland and MacGregor, 1892 dextrose, mannitol acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, H2 Frankland and Lumsden, 1892 glycerol, mannitol acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac, succinic ac. Frankland and Fox, 1889 mannitol acetic ac, ethyl ale Frankland, Stanley and Frew, 1891 i8 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. ethacetosuccinicus lactic ac. acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. Maze, 1 9 13 dulcitol, mannitol acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, succinic ac. Frankland and Frew, 1892 B.fluorescens malic ac. pyruvic ac Beijerinck and Folpmers, 19 16 B. Freundii (See also Bad. Freundii) dextrose acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. Scheffer, 192S B. globigii (See B. mesentericus ruber as a possible synonym) B. granulobacter pectinovorum (See also B. amylobacter) ' (See also B. butylicus) (See also B. butyricuni) (See also CI. pastorianum) B. granulobacter pectinovorum arabinose, dextrose galactose, acetic ac, acetone, butyl ale, mannitol, starch, xylose butyric ac, lactic ac Speakman, 1923 arabinose, xylose acetone, butyl ale, CO2 Peterson, Fred and Schmidt, 1924 B. granulobacter pectinovorum Weizmann dextrose acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbinol, acetone, butyl ale, butyric ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac. Donker, 1926 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 19 Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. graveolens (See B. mesentericus-vulgatiis as a possible synonym) B. giintheri dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac Hucker, 1928 B. herbicola aurem arabinose, xylose CO2 Fred, Peterson and Anderson, 1923 B. indnstrium acetic ac, dextrose, ery- oxalic ac. thritol, ethylene glycol, Banning, 1902 isolichenin, mannitol B. invertenti-acetici sucrose acetic ac, acetone, ethyl ale. lactic ac. Mezzadroli, 1917 B. invertenti-lattici sucrose acetic ac, lactic ac. Mezzadroli, 19 17 B. Kiitzingianum arabinose, dextrin, dextrose, oxalic ac ethylene glycol, galactose, Banning, 1902 glycollic ac, isobutyric ac. isolichenin, lactic ac, malonic ac. acetic ac CO., Seifert, 1897 acetic ac CO2, Mayer, 1898 butyl ale butyric ac. Seifert, 1897 20 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS M ICROORGANISMS Products Substrates Authors B. Kiitzingianum (<. ^ont.) butyl ale. butyric ac. Mayer, 1898 dextrose gluconic ac. Seifert, 1897 dextrose gluconic ac. Mayer, 1898 ethyl ale. acetic ac. Mayer, 1898 ethylene glycol glycollic ac. Seifert, 1897 ethylene glycol glycollic ac. Mayer, 1898 propyl ale. propionic ac. Mayer, 1898 B. lactis i-inositol acetic ac, ethyl ale, CO2, suc- cinic ac. Hewitt and Steabben, 1921 B. lactis acidi dextrin, dextrose, maltose. 1-lactic ac. sucrose Henneberg, 1903 lactose d-lactic ac. Henneberg, 1903 B. lactis aerogenes acetaldehyde acetic ac, 2, 3-butylene glycol, succinic ac. Harden and Norris, 1912 adonitol, manni tol acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol Harden and Norris, 191 2 arabinose, dextrose, galactose. acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-buty- isodulcite, mannose lene glycol Harden and Norris, 191 2 dextrose acetaldehyde Kumagawa, 1922 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. lactis aerogenes (cent.) dextrose acetaldehyde, acetylmethyl car- binol, 2, 3-butylene glycol Neuberg, Nord and Wolff, 1920 dextrose acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac Virtanen and Simola, 1927 dextrose, gluconic ac , man- acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbinol, nitol, saccharic ac. ) ethyl ale, formic ac, suc- cinic ac. Kay, 1926 dextrose, mannitol acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac, succinic ac Thompson, 191 2 dextrose acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol Neuberg, Nord and Wolff, 1920 dextrose, levulose acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol Walpole, 1 911 dextrose, mannitol acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-butylene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac. Ho, lactic ac, succinic ac. Harden and Walpole, 1906 ethylene glycol, glycerol 2, 3-butylene glycol Harden and Norris, 191 2 galactose, gluconic ac, gly- acetaldehyde ceric ac, lactic ac. lactose. Nagai, 1923 levulose, maltose, sucrose glycerol acetic ac, 2, 3-butylene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. Harden and Norris, 191 2 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS M ICROORGANISMS Products Substrates Authors B. lactic acrogens (cont.) glycerol acetaldehyde Kumagawa, 1922 inositol acetaldehyde, lactic succinic ac. Kumagawa, 1922 ac, CO2, lactose acetic ac, succinic ac. Emmerling, 1900 malic ac. acetic ac, succinic ac. Emmerling, 1899 xylose acetic ac, COo, ethyl lactic ac. ale, H2, Fred and Peterson, 1920 B. ?nacerans starch, sucrose acetone, ethyl ale Bakonyi, 1926 B. of malignant oedema dextrose i-lactic ac, ethyl ale Kerry and Frankel, 1890 B. mesenlericus-ru^er lactic ac. 2, 3-butylene glycol Lemoigne, 19 13 B. 7nesentericus vulgatus dextrose acetylmethyl carbinol Harden and Norris, 1912 mannitol acetylmethyl carbinol Harden and Norris, 1912 B. mobilis lactic ac. acetic ac, propionic ac Jensen, 1904 B. orthobutylicus (Grimbert) (See CI. butyricum) (See B. Granulobacter bu- tyricum) INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS n Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. oxydans acetic ac, dextrose, ery th ritol. oxalic ac. ethylene glycol, giy :erol. Banning, 1902 levulose B. paratyphoid B xylose acetic ac, butyric ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac, succinic ac. Fred and Peterson, 1920 B. paratyphosus B (See B. paratyphoid B) B. pasteurianum acetic ac. CO2 Seifert, 1897 acetic ac. Mayer, 1898 butyl ale. butyric ac. Seifert, 1897 dextrin, dextrose, eth y-lene oxalic ac. glycol, glycerol, glycollic Banning, 1902 ac, isobutyric ac ., ma Ionic ac, sucrose dextrose gluconic ac Mayer, 1898 dextrose gluconic ac. Seifert, 1897 ethyl ale acetic ac. Mayer, 1898 ethylene glycol glycollic ac. Seifert, 1897 ethylene glycol glycollic ac. Mayer, 1898 propyl ale propionic ac. Mayer, 1898 24 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. polymyxa dextrose acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbinol, acetone, butyl ale, 2, 3- butylene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, Hg, lactic ac. Donker, 1926 B. prodigiosus dextrose 1-lactic ac. Kimura, 1928 dextrose formic ac. Franzen and Egger, 191 2 glucosamine 1-lactic ac. Kimura, 1928 B. propionicus dextrose lactic ac Neuberg and Gorr, 1926 methylglyoxal lactic ac. Neuberg and Gorr, 1926 B. proteus dextrose acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol Lemoigne, 1923 B. proteus vulgatus pyruvic ac. acetic ac, lactic ac, glycollic ac. Cambier and Aubel, 1922 B. pyocyaneus (See also Bad. pyocyaneus) acetaldehyde acetic ac. Supniewski, 1923 acetic ac. formaldehyde, formic ac. Supniewski, 1923 acetone acetic ac, formic ac. Supniewski, 1923 ethyl ale. acetaldehyde, acetic ac. Supniewski, 1923 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 25 Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. pyocyaneus (cent.) fumaric ac. acetic ac, pyruvic ac. Quastel, 1924 fumaric ac. pyruvic ac. Quastel, Stephenson and Whetham, 1925 glycerol CO2, glyceric ac, lactic ac. Supniewski, 1923 lactic ac. acetaldehyde, acetic ac, pyruvic ac. Supniewski, 1923 lactic ac. pyruvic ac. Quastel, Stephenson and Whetham, 1925 methyl ale. formic ac. Supniewski, 1923 pyruvic ac. acetic ac, formic ac. Cambier and Aubel, 1922 pyruvic ac. lactic ac Aubel, 1924 succinic ac. propionic ac. Quastel, 1924 B. spongiosus raffinose, sucrose arabin Ruhland, 1906 B. suaveolens starch acetaldehyde, acetic ac, butyric ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. Sclavo and Gosio, 1891 succinic ac. fumaric ac. Quastel and Whetham, 1924 B. subtilis dextrose acetylmethyl carbinol Harden and Norris, 191 2 dextrose d- or dl-lactic ac. Kimura, 1928 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. siibtilis (cent.) dextrose butyric ac, CO2, lactic ac, H , mannitol Vandevelde, 1884 glucosamine 1-lactic ac Kimura, 1928 gl)xerol butyric ac, lactic ac, succinic ac Vandevelde, 1884 glycerol pyruvic ac. Aubel, 1 92 1 lactic ac. acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol Lemoigne, 1923 mannitol acetylmethyl carbinol Harden and Norris, 191 2 starch acetic ac, butyric ac, ethyl ale, succinic ac. Fitz, 1878 sucrose acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol Lemoigne, 191 2 B. tarbellicus (See Thermobacillus tarbellicus) B. tartricus dextrose, lactose, maltose, acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbinol. mannitol, sucrose CO2, ethyl ale. Ho, lactic ac, succinic ac. Grimbert, 1901 tartaric ac. acetic ac, CO2, Ho, succinic ac. Grimbert, 1898 B. thermoamylolyticus starch maltose Coolhaas, 1928 B. thermobutyricus dextrose butyric ac. Coolhaas, 1928 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 27 Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. typhosum dextrose acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac, succinic ac. Scheffer, 1928 B. typhosus dextrose acetic ac, formic ac, ethyl ale, lactic ac, succinic ac. Harden, 1901 xylose acetic ac, butyric ac, ethyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac, succinic ac. Fred and Peterson, 1920 B. vulgatus sucrose gum levan Owen, 1923 xylose acetone, COo Fred, Peterson and Anderson, 1923 B. welchii glycerol acrolein Humphreys, 1924 B. xylinum (See Acetobacte • xylinum) (See also Bact. xylinum) arabinose, dextrose, glycerol, oxalic ac. levulose, rh amnose Banning, 1902 dextrose gluconic ac, ketogluconic ac. Bernhauer and Schon, 1929 glycerol dihydroxyacetone Bertrand and Sazerac, 1901 glycerol dihydroxyacetone Brit, patent 269,950 glycerol dihydroxyacetone Virtanen and Barlund, 1926 glycerol dihydroxyacetone Bernhauer and Schon, 1928 28 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors B. xylinum (cent.) ct-ketoglutaric ac. succinic ac. Iwatsuru, 1925 mannitol levulose Hoyer, 1898 methylethylacetaldt 'hyde i-amyl ale, i-valeric ac. Neuberg and Simon, 1926 sorbitol sorbose Seifert, 1897 sorbitol sorbose Hoyer, 1898 sorbitol sorbose Mayer, 1898 Bad. aceti (See also Mycoderma aceti) dextrose gluconic ac. Brown, 1886 ethyl ale. acetic ac. Brown, 1886 propyl ale. propionic ac. Brown, 1886 Bad. acidi propionici var.fuscum (See also Propionibaderium Freudenreichii) (See also Bad. acidi propionici a) Bad. acidi propionici a (See also Bad. acidi propionici var.fuscum) (See also Propionibaderium Freudenreichii) Bact. acidi propionici var.fuscum dextrose, lactic ac ., lactose, acetic ac, propionic ac, succinic pyruvic ac. ac. Virtanen, 1923 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 29 Microorganisms Substrates Products Authors Bad. acidi propionici a lactic ac. acetic ac, propionic ac, CO2 von Freudenreich and Jensen, 1906 Bad. acidi propionici b (See also Propionibacterium Jensenii) Bad. acidi propionici b lactic ac. Bad. acidi propionici c (See Propionibacterium Pderssonii) acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac. von Freudenreich and Jensen, 1906 Bad. acidi propionici d (See also Propionibacterium Shermanii) Bad. acidi propionici d lactose acetic ac, propionic ac. Sherman and Shaw, 1923 Bact. acidi propionici var. rubrum (See Propionibacterium rubruni) (See Propionibacterium Thonii) Bact. aerogenes (See also B. lactis aerogenes) Bact. aerogenes glycerol acetic ac, 2-3 butylene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. Braak, 1928 3° CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Bad. ascendens acetaldol /3-butylene glycol, /3-oxybutyric ac. Binder-Kotrba, 1926 phenylglyoxal d-mandelic ac. Mayer, 1926 Bad. caucasicum lactose lactic ac, methyl glyoxal, pyruvic ac. Kostytschew and Soldatenkov, 1927 Bact. cellaresolvens cellulose acetic ac, butyric ac, cellobiose lactic ac Groenewege, 1923 Bad. cloacae (See B. cloacae) Bact. colt (See also B. colt) (See also B. coli communis) (See also Bad. coli communis) Bad. coli galactose, lactose, levulose, acetaldehyde malic ac, maltose sucrose, Nagai, 1923 tartaric ac. glycerol acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. Braak, 1928 methyl glyoxal lactic ac Neuberg and Gorr, 1925 pyruvic ac. acetic ac, CO2, formic ac, gly- collic ac, H2, i-lactic ac, propionic ac Aubel, 1924 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 31 Microorganisms Substrates Products Authors Bact. dysenteriae Shiga- (See B. dysenteriae) Kruse Bact. Freundii glycerol acetic ac, CO2, ethyl al ac, Ho, lactic methylene glycol ac Braak, 1928 c, formic ac, tri- , succinic Bact. gluconiuni dextrose gluconic ac. levulose gluconic ac. Hermann, 1929 5-keto-gluconic ac Hermann, 1929 5-keto-gluconic ac. Hermann, 1929 Bact. lactis acidi dextrose, lactose, mt Itose i-lactic ac. Henneberg, 1903 Bact. lactis aerogenes (See also B. lactis aerogenes) Bact. lactis aerogenes methylglyoxal phenylglyoxal d, 1-lactic ac. Neuberg and Simon, 1-mandelic ac Neuberg and Simon, 1927 1927 Bact. opalescens cellulose acetic ac, butyric ac, cellobiose, lactic ac. Groenewege, 1923 Bact. pasteurianum (See also under Acetobacter) 3^ CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Substrates Products Authors Bad. pasteurianum d-1-methyl-ethyl acetaldehyde methylglyoxal d-amyl ale, valeric ac. Neuberg and Simon, 1926 d-1-lactic ac. Gorr and Perlmann, 1926 Bad. pyocyaneuni (See B. pyocyaneus) (See Bad. pyocyaneus) Bad. pyocyaneus (See also B. pyocyaneus) Bad. pyocyaneus dextrose levulose acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. Aubel, 1921 acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac. Aubel, 1 92 1 Bad. suipestifer citric ac. acetic ac, CO2, succinic ac. Brown, Duncan and Henry, 1924 Bad. ternio d-propy]ene glycol tartaric ac. lactic ac, propionic ac. LeBel, 1881 acetic ac, propionic ac, succinic ac Konig, 1 88 1 Bad. thermoamylolyticum dextrose, sucrose Bact. xylinwn (See also Acetobader xylinum) acetic ac, butyric ac, CO2, H2, propionic ac. Coolhaas, 1928 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 2>?> Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Bad. xylinum dextrose, evulose, mannitol cellulose Brown, 1886 glycerol dihydroxyacetone Bernhauer and Schon, 1928 d-perseite perseulose Bertrand, 1909 Cellulomonas cellaresolvens (See B. cellaresolvens) Cellulofnonas cellulosae-dissolvens (See Bact. opalescens) Cellulomonas opalescens (See Bact. opalescens) Citromyces sp ? arabinose, glycerol, lactose. citric ac. mannose, sucrose, xy ose Wehmer, 19 13 citric ac. COo Buchner and Wustenfeld,i909 dextrose citric ac. Martin, 1916 dextrose citric ac. Buchner and Wiistenfeld, 1909 dextrose citric ac. Maze and Perrier, 1904 ethyl ale. citric ac, oxalic ac. Maze and Perrier, 1904 glycerol citric ac. Maze and Perrier, 1904 sucrose citric ac. Filosofov and Malinovski, 1928 sucrose citric ac. Maze, iqoq 34 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Citromyces spJ (cent.) sucrose citric ac, oxalic ac, Butkewitsch, 1922 Citromyces glaber arabinose, glycerol, mannitol, citric ac, oxalic ac. sucrose Butkewitsch, 1923 citric ac. oxalic ac. Butkewitsch, 1922 dextrose citric ac. Butkewitsch, 1922 quinic ac. protocatechuic ac, pyrocatechol Butkewitsch, 1924 sucrose citric ac, gluconic ac. Butkewitsch, 1927 sucrose citric ac, oxalic ac. Butkewitsch, 1922 Citromyces lacticus dextrose citric ac. Maze and Perrier, 1904 Citromyces oxalicus dextrose citric ac. Maze and Perrier, 1904 Citromyces Pfefferianus dextrose citric ac. Buchner and Wustenfeld,i909 sucrose citric ac, oxalic ac. Butkewitsch, 1922 Citromyces tartricus dextrose citric ac. Maze and Perrier, 1904 ethyl ale. citric ac, oxalic ac. Maze and Perrier, 1904 Cladosporium, sp.r phloridzin dextrose, phloroglucinol Boas, 1916 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 35 Microorganisms Substrates Products Authors Clostridium acetobutylicum starch Clostridium butyric um (See B. amy lob act er) Clostridium oedematis-maligni (See bacillus of malignant oedema) Clostridium pasteurianum dextrose Clostridium pastorianum (See also B. amylobacter) (See also B. granulobacter pec- tinovorum) Clostridiu m pas tor in n u m dextrose Clostridium polymyxa (Prazmow- ski) (See B. polymyxa) Clostridium thermocellum dextrose, levulose cellulose acetone, butyl ale, CO2, ethyl ale. Ho Killeffer, 1927 acetic ac, acetone, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol, butyric ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2 Donker, 1926 acetic ac, butyric ac Winogradsky, 1902 d-lactic ac. Peterson, Fred and Marten, 1925 acetic ac, butvric ac, CO2, ethyl ale, H2' Viljoen, Fred and Peterson, 1926 36 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Clostridium Welchii (See B. Welchii) Diplococcus pneumoniae dextrose acetic ac, propionic ac. Brieger, 1883 Eberthella dysenteriae (See B. dysenteriae) Eberthella typhi (See B. typhosus) (See B. typhosum) Encapsulatus pneumoniae (See Friedlander's pneumo- bacillus) Erythrobacillus prodigiosus (See B. prodigiosus) Escherichia coli (See B. coli) (See Bact. coli) (See B. coli communis) (See Bact. coli communis) Friedlander's pneumococcus dextrose acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. Frankland, Stanley and Frew, 1891 mannitol acetic ac, ethyl ale Frankland, Stanley and Frew, 1891 Fusarium lini dextrose CO2, ethyl ale Anderson and VVillaman, 1922 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 37 Microorganisms Substrates Granulobacter butylicum (See also B. ajnylobacter) (See also CI. butyricuni) Granulobacter saccharobutyricum dextrose Granulobacterium butylicum starch Klebsiella pneumoniae (See Friedlander's pneumo- bacillus) Lactobacillus, sp. ? dextrose methylglyoxal Lactobacillus arabinosus arabinose Lactobacillus berolinensis (See Saccharobacillus pastori- anus var. berolinensis) Lactobacillus casei (See B. casei) Lactobacillus caucasicus (See Bact. caucasicum) Products Authors acetic ac, 2, 3-butylene glycol, butyric ac, CO2, formic ac. Ho, lactic ac. Donker, 1926 ethyl ale, iso-butyl ale, n-butyl ale, iso-propyl ale, propyl ale Folpmers, 1921 lactic ac. Neuberg and Gorr, 1926 lactic ac. Neuberg and Gorr, 1926 acetic ac, lactic ac. Fred, Peterson and Anderson, 1921 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Lactobacillus Delbrilcki (See B. Delbrilcki) Lactobacillus leichnanni dextrose 1-lactic ac. AUgeier and Peterson, 1930 dextrose, galactose, lactose. 1-lactic ac. levulose Fred, Peterson and Stiles, 1925 Lactobacillus pentoaceticus arabinose, xylose acetic ax:., lactic ac. Fred, Peterson and Anderson, 1921 acetic ac, ethyl ale, lactic ac. dextrose, galactose, lactic ac. mannose Peterson and Fred, 1920 levulose acetic ac, CO2, lactic ac, man- nitol Peterson and Fred, 1920 malic ac, mannitol acetic ac, lactic ac. Peterson and Fred, 1920 pyruvic ac. acetic ac, acetaldehyde, CO2, H2 Peterson and Fred, 1920 xylose acetic ac, i-!actic ac Fred, Peterson and Daven- port, 1919 Lactobacillus pentosus arabinose, xylose acetic ac, lactic ac. Fred, Peterson and Anderson, Lactobacillus, sp.? 1921 phenylglyoxal 1-mandelic ac. Mayer, 1926 Liquidobacteriu m prodigiosu m (See B. prodigiosus) INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 39 Microorganisms Products Substrates xA.UTH0RS Micrococcus casei liqiiefaciens lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac. Orla-Jensen, 1904 lactic ac. acetic ac, propionic ac. Orla-Jensen, 1904 Micrococcus climicus quinic ac. protocatechuic ac. Emmerling and Abderhalden, 1903 Micrococcus oblongus dextrose oxvgluconic ac. Boutroux, 1886 Monilia Candida dextrose acetaldehyde Cohen, 1920 pyruvic ac. acetaldehyde Nagayama, 1921 Mucor circinelloides (?) dextrin, starch ethyl ale Gayon and Dubourg, 1886 Mucor mucedo dextrose, sucrose ethyl ale Kostytschew and Eliasberg, 1920 sucrose ethyl ale, succinic ac Fitz, 1873 Mucor piriformis dextrose citric ac. Wehmer, 1897 Mucor plumbens pyruvic ac. acetaldehyde Nagayama, 1921 Mucor racemosus dextrose acetaldehyde Cohen, 1920 40 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Mucor racemosus (cent.) dextrose, sucrose ethyl ale. Kostytschew and Eliasberg, 1920 glycerol butyl ale, butyric ac, caproic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, Ho Fitz, 1876 pyruvic ac. acetaldehyde Nagayama, 1921 sucrose ethyl ale Fitz, 1876 sucrose ethyl ale, glycerol, succinic ac. Emmerling, 1897 Mucor Rouxi't dextrose acetaldehyde Cohen, 1920 pyruvic ac. acetaldehyde Nagayama, 1921 Mucor stolon if er (See also Rhizopus nigricans) Mucor stolonijer dextrose, sucrose ethyl ale Kostytschew and Eliasberg, 1920 Mycoderma aceti (See also Bad. aceti) Mycoderma aceti dextrose gluconic ac. Boutroux, 1880 d- 1-propylene glycol acetylcarbinol Kling, 1 90 1 2, 3-butylene glycol acetylmethyl carbinol Kling, 1905 INDEX TO MICR00RGANISA4S 41 Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Mycoderma sp.? dextrose pyruvic ac. Fernbach and Schoen, 1914 Oidimn albicans lactic ac. pyruvic ac. Maze and Ruot, 1917 Oidium farinosiim lactic ac. pyruvic ac. Maze and Ruot, 19 17 Oidium gueraldi lactic ac. pvruvic ac. Maze and Ruot, 1917 Oidium lactis dextrose acetaldehyde Cohen, 1920 pyruvic ac. acetaldehyde Nagayama, 1921 Oidium lupuli dextrose acetaldehvde, acetic ac, ethyl ale, succinic ac. Sumiki, 1927 Oidium tenuis lactic ac. pvruvic ac. Maze and Ruot, 19 17 Pectinobacter amylophilum starch acetic ac, butyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac, succinic ac. Makrinov, 1915 Penicillum glaucum oleic ac. keto-stearic ac. Pigulewski and Charik, 1928 sucrose citric ac, gluconic ac. Butkewitsch, 1927 sucrose ethyl ale KostytschewandAfanassjewa, 1922 sucrose citric ac, oxalic ac. Butkewitsch, 1922 4^ CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors PeniciUium luteum dextrose citric ac. Wehmer, 1897 PeniciUium purpurogenum dextrose gluconic ac. May, Thorn and Church, 1927 dextrose gluconic ac. Herrick and May, 1928 Pneumobacillus of Friedlander arabinose acetic ac, 1-lactic ac. Grimbert, 1896 dulcitol acetic ac, ethyl ale, succinic ac. Grimbert, 1896 mannitol acetic ac, ethyl ale, succinic ac Grimbert, 1896 xylose acetic ac, ethyl ale, 1-lactic ac, succinic ac. Grimbert, 1896 Propio n ibacteriu m Freudenreichii (See also Bad. acidi propionici a) (See also Bad. acidi propionici var.fuscum) Propionibaderium Freudenreichii dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac. acetic ac, COo, propionic ac, succinic ac. van Niel, 1928 Prop io n iba deriu m Jensen ii (See also Bad. acidi propionici b) Propionibaderium Jensenii dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac, acetic ac, COo, propionic ac. pyruvic ac. succinic ac van Niel, 1928 Propionibaderium pentosaceum (See Bacillus acidi propionici) INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 43 Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Propionibacteriuw pentosaceum arabinose, dextrose, glycerol, acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac lactic ac, starch, xylose Werkman, Hixon, Fulmer and Rayburn, 1929 dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac. acetic ac, CO2, propionic succinic ac. van Niel, 1928 ac, Prop io n ibacterium Peters son ii (See also Bad. acidi propionici c) Propionibacterium Peterssotiii dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac. acetic ac, COo, propionic succinic ac. van Niel, 1928 ac. Prop io n iba cteriu m rubrum (See also Bad. acidi propionici var. rubrum) Propionibacterium rubrum dextrose, lactic ac. acetic ac, CO2, propionic succinic ac. van Niel, 1928 ac. Propionibacterium Shermanii (See also Bact. acidi propionici d) Propionibacterium Shermanii dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac. acetic ac, CO2, propionic succinic ac. van Niel, 1928 ac. Proprionibacterium technicum dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac. acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac. pyruvic ac, starch succinic ac. van Niel, 1928 Propionibacterium Thonii, (See also Bact. acidi propionici var. rubrum) 44 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Fropionibacterium Thonii dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac. acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac, succinic ac van Niel, 1928 Fseudomonas aeruginosa (See also B. pyocyaneus) dextrose acetaldehvde, ethyl ale. Nill, 1927 Rhizopus, sp.? dextrose ethyl ale Takahashi and Sakaguchi, glycerol succinic ac. Takahashi and Sakaguchi, Rhizopus chinensis 1927 dextrose 1-lactic ac. Saito, 191 1 Rhizopus nigricans (See also Mucor stolonifer) Rhizopus nigricans dextrose, levulose fumaric ac Ehrlich, 1912 pyruvic ac. acetic ac, fumaric ac, lactic ac. Gottschalk, 1925 sucrose, (invert) fumaric ac, oxalic ac. Butkewitsch, 1927 Saccharobacillus pastorianus var. beroUnensis dextrin, sucrose i-lactic ac. Henneberg, 1903 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (See also under yeast) INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 45 Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Sacc. cerevisiae arabinose CO2, ethyl ale, glyceric alde- hyde (?) Abbot, 1926 xylose CO2, ethyl ale, glyceric alde- hyde (?) Abbot, 1926 Sacc. ellipsoideus sucrose glycerol Adams, 1919 Sacc. Ludwigii dextrose glycogen, COo Gottschalk, 1925 dihydroxyacetone dextrose Neuberg and Kobel, 1928 Sacc. Sake starch dihexosan, amylobiose Sjoberg, 1927 sucrose acetaldehyde, acetic ac, ethyl ale, CO2, glycerol Kumagawa, 1922 Salmonella schottmiilleri (See B. paratyphoid B) Salmonella suipestifer (See Bact. suipestifer) Sarcina, sp.? starch dextrin Glimm and Grimm, 1928 Sarcina maxima levulose acetic ac, butyric ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac Smit, 1928 46 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Sarcina ventriculi dextrose acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbinol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac Smit, 1928 levulose acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbinol, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, lactic ac. Smit, 1928 Schizomycetes, sp. (?) lactic ac. propionic ac, valeric ac. Fitz, 1880 quinic ac. acetic ac, formic ac, propionic ac, protocatechuic ac. Loew, 1 88 1 Serratia tnarcescens (See also B. prodigiosus) Serratia marcescens dextrose acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-butylene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. Pederson and Breed, 1928 Sorbose bacterium (See also Acetobacter sorbose) Sorbose bacterium arabinose arabonic ac Bertrand, 1898 arabitol keto-sugar Bertrand, 1898 dextrose gluconic ac. Bertrand, 1898 erythritol erythrulose Bertrand, 1898, 1900 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 47 Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Sorbose bacterium (cent.) galactose galactonic ac. Bertrand, 1898 a-glucoheptite a-glucoheptulose Bertrand and Nitzberg, 1928 glycerol dihydroxyacetone Bertrand, 1898 d-mannitol levulose Bertrand, 1898 perseitol keto-sugar Bertrand, 1898 d-sorbitol sorbose Bertrand, 1898 valemite keto-sugar Bertrand, 1898 xylose xylonic ac. Bertrand, 1898 Sterigmatocystis nigra sucrose citric ac, gluconic ac, oxalic ac. Molliard, 1922 Streptococcus brevis dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac Hucker, 1928 Streptococcus crejnoris dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac. Hucker, 1928 Streptococcus fee alls dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac. Hucker, 1928 Streptococcus hemolyticus dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac Hucker, 1928 Streptococcus hornensis sucrose dextrose Boekhout, 1900 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Streptococcus inulinareous dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac. Hucker, 1928 Streptococcus lactis dextrose d-lactic ac. Allgeier and Peterson, 1930 dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac. Hucker, 1928 sucrose d-lactic ac Virtanen, Wichmann and Lindstrom, 1927 Streptococcus mitior dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac. Hucker, 1928 Streptococcus paracitrovorous dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac. Hucker, 1928 Streptococcus pyogenes dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac Hucker, 1928 Streptococcus stenos dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac Hucker, 1928 Streptococcus viridans dextrose acetic ac, lactic ac. Hucker, 1928 Termobacterium aceti acetic ac, arabinose, dextrose, oxalic ac. ethylene glycol, galactose. Banning, 1902 glycerol, glycollic ac, lactic ac, malonlc ac Thermobacillus tarbellit 'US lactic ac sucrose Guittonneau, 1928 Tyrothrix tenuis dextrose, glycerol. nannito! acetylmethyl carbinol Harden and Norris, 191 2 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 49 Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Yeast (See also Sacc. cerevisiae) Yeast acetaldehyde ethyl ale. Kostytschew and Hiibbenet, acetaldehyde 1912 ethyl ale, acetic ac. Kostytschew, 1914 acetaldehyde, sucrose acetoin Neuberg and Simon, 1925 acetaldol /S-butyleneglycol Neuberg and Kerb, 191 8 acetophenone, sucrose 1-phenylmethyl carbinol Neuberg and Nord, 191 9 acetvlmethvl carbinol 2, 3-butylene glycol Neuberg and Kobel, 1925 aldehydropropionic ac. succinic ac. Neuberg and Ringer, 191 8 benzaldehyde benzyl ale. Neuberg and Welde, 19 14 benzaldehyde 1-phenylacetyl carbinol Neuberg and Ohle, 1922 benzil benzoin Neuberg and Nord, 191 9 benzylpyruvic ac. phenylpropylaldehyde Rona, 1914 isobutylaldehyde isobutyl ale. Ohta, 1914 caproicaldehyde n-hexyl ale. Neuberg and Nord, 1914 chlorobenzaldehyde acetyl-chlorbenzyl carbinol, p- benzyl ale, chlorobenzoic ac, chlorobenzyl ale. Neuberg and Liebermann, 1921 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Substrates Products Authors Yeast (cent.) cinnamic aldehyde cltral d-citronellaldehyde dextrose dextrose, levulose dextrose, dioxyacetone, gly- ceraldehyde dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose, sucrose dextrose with brucine a. a. dichloracetone dihydroxymaleic ac. enanthol ethyl ale. ethyl disulfide cinnamic ale. Rona, 1914 geraniol Neuberg and Kerb, 191 8 citronella oil or ale. Mayer and Neuberg, 191 5 acetaldehyde Kostytschew, 191 2 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol Kluyver, Donker and Hooft, 1925 lactic ac. Oppenheimer, 1913 glycerol Oppenheimer, 1913 lactic ac. Aubel, 1929 pyruvic ac. Fernbach and Schoen, 1920 acetaldehyde, acetic ac, ethyl ale, glycerol Neuberg and Hirsch, 191 9 brucine pyruvate Traetta-Mosca, 1927 a. a. dichlorpropyl ale. Sen, 1924 CO2, glycoUicaldehyde Neuberg and Schwenk, 191 5 n-heptyl ale. Ohta, 1914 acetaldehyde Trillat and Sauton, 1908 ethyl mercaptan Nei^berg and Schwenk, 191 5 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 51 Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Yeast (cent.) formaldehyde methyl ale. Neuberg and Welde, 1914 furfural furfuryl ale. Lintner and Liebig, 191 1 furfural furyltrimethyleneglycol Lintner and Liebig, 1913 galactose acetaldehyde, glycerol Tomita, 1921 glyceric ac. acetaldehyde, acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale. Lebedev, 19 18 glyceric aldehyde, pyruvic ac. acetaldehyde, acetic ac, ethyl ale Lebedev and Polonski, 19 17 glycerol, mannitol ethyl ale, CO2 Kostytschew and Faermann, 1928 ethyl ale glycerol Neuberg and Kerb, 1913 glycolaldehyde ethylene glycol Neuberg and Schwenk, 191 5 glyoxylic ac. acetaldehyde, CO2 Lebedev, 191 8 hydroxyfumaric ac. acetaldehyde, CO2 Mayer, 1913 hydroxypyruvic ac. CO2, glycolaldehyde Neuberg and Kerb, 1913 a-ketobutyric ac. ethyl ale, propyl ale Neuberg and Kerb, 1914 a-ketobutyric ac. propioYialdehyde Neuberg and Kerb, 191 2 a-ketobutyric ac. propionaldehyde, propyl ale Neuberg and Kerb, 19 13 a-keto-n-caprioc ac. n-amyl ale, CO2, o-methyl-cyclo- hexanol, n-valeraldehyde Sen, 1923 ^2 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Substrates Products Authors Yeast (cent.) ketoglutaric ac. a-ketoisovaleric ac. lactic ac. lactose levulose malic ac. mannose methoxybenzaldehyde methyl-benzoyl-carbinol+ dextrose methylethyl ketone+ sucrose methylethyl pyruvic ac. methyl-a-chlorethyl ketone methyl glyoxal methyl glyoxal methyl glyoxal CO2, succinic ac. Neuberg and Ringer, 1914 isobutyl aldehyde Sen, 1923 ethyl ale, pyruvic ac. Kayser, 1923 acetaldehyde Trillat, 1908 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol Kluyver and Donker, 1924 lactic ac. Lebedev and Russ, 1916 ethyl ale. Mezzadroli, 191 8 methoxybenzoic ac. Neuberg and Liebermann, 1921 methyl-phenyl-ethylene glycol Neuberg and Komarewsky, 1927 d-methylethyl carbinol Neuberg and Nord, 1919 amyl ale, methyl-ethyl acetalde- hyde, valeric ac. Neuberg and Peterson, 1914 methyl-a-chlorethyl ale. Santomauro, 1924 d-lactic ac. Neuberg and Kobel, 1927, 1929 d-1-lactic ac. Neuberg, 1913 lactic ac. Dakin and Dudley, 19 13 INDEX TO MICROORGANISMS 53 Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Yeast (cent.) methyl-n-hexyl ketone d-methyl hexyl carbinol Neuberg and Nord, 1919 methylnonyl ketone d-methyl nonyl carbinol Neuberg and Nord, 1919 methyl-n-propyl ketone+ methyl-n-propyl carbinol sucrosc; Neuberg and Nord, 19 19 oxalacetic ac. acetaldehyde, acetone, CO2 . Neuberg and Gorr, 1925 oxalacetic ac. acetaldehyde, CO2 Neuberg and Kerb, 1913 oxalacetic ac. acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol, malic ac. Neuberg and Gorr, 1924 phenylacetaldehyde phenylethyl ale. Neuberg and Welde, 1914 phenylglyoxal mandelic ac. Dakin and Dudley, 1913 phenylglyoxalic ac. benzaldehyde Binder-Kotrba, 1926 pyruvic ac. acetaldehyde, CO2 Gottschalk, 1923 pyruvic ac. acetaldehyde Neuberg and Reinfiirth, 1920 pyruvic ac. acetylmethyl carbinol Hirsch, 1922 pyruvic ac. acetaldehyde, CO2 Neuberg and Kerb, 191 2 pyruvic ac. acetylmethyl carbinol, CO2 Neuberg and May, 1923 pyruvic ac. aldol Neuberg, 191 2 pyruvic ac. ethyl ale. Neuberg and Kerb, 1913 pyruvic ac, sucrose acetaldehyde Paris, 1922 54 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Yeast (cent.) sucrose acetaldehyde, ethyl ale, glycerol Gehle, 1922 sucrose acetaldehyde, ethyl ale, glycerol Zerner, 1920 sucrose acetaldehyde, glycerol Neuberg and Reinfiirth, 191 8 sucrose acetic ac, malic ac, succinic ac. Kostytschew and Frey, 1925 sucrose 2, 3-butylene glycol Henninger, 1888 sucrose glycerol Buchner and Meisenheimer 1906 sucrose glycerol Abderhalden and Stix, 1922 sucrose glycerol Connstein and Ludecke, 1919 sucrose glycerol Tomoda, 1928 sucrose lactic ac. Fernbach and Schoen, 1923 sucrose 1-malic ac Dakin, 1924 sucrose pyruvic ac. Fernbach and Schoen, 1913 sucrose pyruvic ac. Klein and Fuchs, 1929 d-tartaric ac. butyric ac, lactic ac, propionic ac, succinic ac Karczag, 191 2 thioacetaldehyde ethylmercaptan Neuberg and Nord, 19 14 o-tolyl aldehyde o-tolylacetyl carbinol Behrens and Ivanoff, 1926 p-tolyl aldehyde p-tolylacetyl carbinol Behrens and Ivanoff, 1926 J^NDEX TO MICROORGANISMS ss Microorganisms Products Substrates Authors Yeast (cent.) trichloracetaldehyde trichlorethylalcohol Lintner and Liiers, 19 13 a, a, |3-trichlorbutyl aldehyde 2, 2, 3-trichlorbutanol Rosenfeld, 1925 valeraldehyde amyl ale. Neuberg and Steenbock, 1914 n-valeraldehyde n-amyl ale. Neuberg and Nord, 1914 Zygosaccharomyces major sucrose acetaldehyde, acetic ac, COj, ethyl ale, glycerol Kumagawa, 1922 Zygosaccharomyces salsus sucrose acetaldehyde, acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, glycerol Kumagawa, 1922 CHAPTER II INDEX TO ORGANIC (NON-NITROGENOUS) SUBSTRATES CHAPTER II TABLE TWO INDEX TO ORGANIC (NON-NITROGENOUS) SUBSTRATES Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors ACETALDEHYDE acetic ac. B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 acetylmethyl carbino 1 yeast Neuberg and Simon, 1925 acetic ac, ethyl ale. yeast Kostytschew, 1914 acetic ac, 2, 3-butylene succinic ac. -glycol, B. lactis aero genes Harden and Norris, 191 2 ethyl ale yeast Kostytschew and Hiibbenet, 1912 ACETALDOL (S, butylene glycol, 13, h> 'droxy- Bad. ascendens butyric ac. Binder-Kotrba, 1926 (3, butylene glycol yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 191 8 Acetic ac. formaldehyde, formic ac • B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 glycollic ac. Asp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Wehmer, 1891 59 6o CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Acetic ac. (cont.) oxalic ac Asp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 oxalic ac Asp. niger Raistrick and Clark, 1919 oxalic ac B. industrium, B. oxydans, Termo- bacterium aceti Banning, 1902 ACETOIN See acetylmethyl carbinol Acetone acetic ac, formic ac. B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 ACETONEDICARBOXYLIC AC oxalic ac Asp. niger Walker, Subramaniam and Challenger, 1927 ACETOPHENONE+ sucrose 1-phenylmethyl carbinol yeast Neuberg and Nord, 191 9 Acetylmethyl carbinol 2, 3-butylene glycol yeast Neuberg and Kobel, 1925 Adonitol acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3- B. lactis aerogenes butylene glycol Harden and Norris, 191 2 d-adoninulose Acetobacter suboxydans Visser 't Hooft, 1925 Aldehydropropionic AC succinic ac yeast Neuberg and Ringer, 191 8 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 6i Substrates MlCROORGANISMS Products Authors Arabinose acetic ac, acetone, butyl ale, B. gramdobacter pectionovorum butyric ac, lactic ac. Speakman, 1923 acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale. H2, B. coli communis lactic ac, succinic ac. Harden, 1901 acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac Propionibacterium pentosaceum Werkman, Hixon, Fulmer and Rayburn, 1929 acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac B. ethaceticus succinic ac. Frankland and MacGregor, 1892 acetic ac, lactic ac. Lactobacillus pentosus, Lactobacil- lus pentoaceticus, Lacto- bacillus arabinosus Peterson, Fred and Anderson, 1921 acetic ac, 1-lactic ac. Pneumobacillus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 acetone, butyl ale, CO2 B. granulobacter pectinovorum Peterson, Fred and Schmidt, 1924 acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, 1919 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3" B. cloacae butylene glycol Harden and Norris, 191 2 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3- B. lactis aerogenes butylene glycol Harden and Norris, 19 12 arabonic ac Sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 citric ac Citromyces, sp.? Wehmer, 1913 citric ac, oxalic ac. Asp. niger Amelung, 1927 citric ac, oxalic ac Asp. niger., Citromyces glaber Butkewitsch, 1923 62 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Arabinose (cont .) CO, B. heribicola aureum Fred, Peterson and Anderson, 1923 CO2, ethyl ale ., glyceric aid. (?) Sacc. cerevisiae Abbott, 1926 fumarie ae., eitric ac. Asp.fumaricus Schreyer, 1928 gluconie ae. Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1928 oxalie ac. B. ac^ti, B. acetigenum, B. aceto- sum, B. ascendens, B. Kutzingianum, B.xylinum, Termobacterium aceti Banning, 1902 Arabitol keto-pentose sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 Benzaldehyde benzyl ale. yeast Neuberg and Welde, 19 14 phenyl-acetyl carbinol yeast Neuberg and Ohle, 1922 Benzil benzoin yeast Neuberg and Gorr, 19 19 Benzylpyruvic j \c. phenylpropyl aldehyde yeast Rona, 1 9 14 Butyl alc. butyric ae. B. Kiitzingianujn, B. Pasteuri- anum Seifert, 1897 butyric ac. Acetobacter melanogenum Visser't Hooft, 1925 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 63 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors 2, 3-BuTYLENE GLYCOL acetone Acetobacter suboxydans Acetobacter xylinum Visser't Hooft, 1925 acetylmethyl carbinol Sorbose bacteria, Mycoderma aceti Kling, 1905 Butyric ac. /3-hydroxybutyric ac, aceto- Asp. niger acetic ac, acetone Coppock, Subramaniam and Walker, 1928 Caproicaldehyde n-hexyl ale yeast Neuberg and Nord, 19 14 Cellulose acetic ac, butyric ac , CO,, Clostridium thermocellum ethyl ale, H2 Viljoen, Fred and Peterson, 1926 acetic ac, butyric ac , COo, B. cellulosae dissokens ethyl ale, Ho Khouvine, 1923 acetic ac, butyric ac. lactic Bact. cellaresolvens ac, cellobiose Bad. opalescens Groenewege, 1923 Chloral (See trichloracetaldehyde) Chlorobenzaldehyde chlorobenzoic ac, chlorc benzyl yeast ale Neuberg and Liebermann, 1921 Cinnamic AC. styrol Asp. niger Herzog and Ripke, 1908 Cinnamic aldehyde cinnamic ale yeast Rona, 1914 64 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Products Microorganisms Authors CiTRAL geraniol yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 191 8 Citric ac. acetic ac, COo, succinic ac. B. suipestifer Brown, Duncan and Henry, acetic ac, COo, ethyl ale, 1924 B. coli communis succinic ac. Grey, 1923 acetone, glyoxylic ac, malonic Asp. niger ac, oxalic ac Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 acetonedicarboxylic ac xlsp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 glycoUic ac Asp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 oxalic ac Citromyces glaber Butkewitsch, 1922 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 a-ClTRONELL ALDEHYDE a-citronella oil or ale yeast Mayer and Neuberg, 191 5 Dextrin acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. ethyl ale B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, 1919 Mucor circinelloides (?) Gavon and Dubourg, 1886 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTR.-JTES 65 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Dextrin (cont.) oxalic ac. Jsp. niger Elfving, 1 91 9 oxalic ac. B. acetosu77i B. Kiitzingianum B. Pasteurianum Banning, 1902 Dextrose acetaldehyde B. coli communis Grey, 19 13 acetaldehyde Asp. cellulosae Monilia Candida Mucor racemosus Miicor rouxii Oidium lactis Cohen, 1920 acetaldehyde B. lactis aerogenes Kumagawa, 1922 acetaldehyde yeast Kostytschew, 191 2 acetaldehyde, acetic ac, ethyl yeast ale, glycerol Neuberg and Hirsch, 1919 acetaldehyde. acetic ac, ethyl Oidium lupuli ale, succinic ac. Sumiki, 1927 acetaldehyde. acetylmethyl B. lactis aerogenes carbinol, 2 , 3-butylene gly- Neuberg, Nord and Wolff, col 1920 acetaldehyde. acetic ac. ethyl B. dysenteriae, Shiga-Kruse ale, formic ac, succinic ac. Bergh, 1928 acetic ac. B. coli Scheffer, 1928 acetic ac, acetone, buty 1 ale, B. granulobacter pectinovorum butyric ac. , lactic ac. Speakman, 1923 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates M ICROORGANISMS Products Authors Dextrose (cent.) acetic ac, acetone, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol, butyric ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, Hg CI pasteurianum Donker, 1926 acetic ac, acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac. B. acetoethylicum Arzberger, Peterson and Fred, 1920 acetic ac, acetylmethyl car- binol, acetone, butyl ale, 2, 3-butylene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, B. poly my X a Donker, 1926 lactic ac acetic ac, acetylmethyl car- binol, acetone, 2, 3-buty- lene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac. B. acetoethylicum Donker, 1926 acetic ac, acetylmethyl car- binol, acetone, butyl ale, butyric ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac. B. granulobacter pectinovorum (Weizmann) Donker, 1926 acetic ac, acetylmethyl car- binol, 2, 3-butylene glycol, ethyl ale, formic ac, lactic B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Walpole, 1906 ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, acetylmethyl car- binol, 2, 3-butylene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. aerogenes Scheffer, 1928 H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, acetylmethyl car- binol, 2, 3-butylene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, Serratia marcescens Pederson and Breed, 1928 H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, acetylmethyl car- binol, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, B. tartricus Grimbert, 1901 lactic ac, succinic ac. INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Dextrose (cent.) acetic ac, 2, 3-butylene glycol, Granulobacter saccharo-butyricum butyric ac, CO2, formic ac, Donker, 1926 H2, formic ac acetic ac, butyric ac CI. pasteurianum Winogradsky, 1902 acetic ac, butyric ac, CO2, Sarcina maxima ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, Smit, 1928 lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, butyric ac, CO2, Sarcina ventriculi ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, Smit, 1928 lactic ac, succinic ac acetic ac, butyric ac, lactic ac B. butylicus Buchner and Meisenheimer, 1908 acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, Acetobacter Sp. ? gluconic ac Sohngen, 1914, 191 5 acetic ac, COo, ethyl ale, H2 B. ethaceticus Frankland and Lumsden, 1892 acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale. B. coli cormnunis formic ac, H2, lactic ac, Grey arid Young, 1921 succinic ac acetic ac,. CO2, ethyl ale, c „• „„ \J i„„^- „„ B. Freundii formic ac. Ho, lactic ac, succinic ac acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale formic ac, lactic ac, suc- cinic ac. acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac Scheffer, 1928 B. coli communis Grey, 1920 B. cloacae, B. coli, B. lactis aerogenes Thompson, 191 2 B. coli communis Harden, 1901 68 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates M CROORGANISMS Products Authors Dextrose (cent.) acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, B. coli communis lactic ac, succinic ac. Grey, 191 8 acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, B. aerogenes, B. coli formic ac, Ho, lactic ac, Virtanen and Simola, 1927 succinic ac acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale. B. coli communis formic ac, lactic ac, suc- Kay, 1926 cinic ac. acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, B. coli co7n munis lactic ac. Harden, 1899 acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, Friedlander's pneumococcus formic ac, H2 Frankland, Stanley and Frew, 1891 acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac, P; ■op io n ibacteriu m Freudenreich ii succinic ac. Propionibacteriu7n Jensenii P? ■Qpionibacterium pentosaceum P; •opionibacteriuin Peterssonii P; ■opionibacterium rubrwn P; ■Qpionibacterium Shermanii P; ■opionibacterium technicum Propionibacterium Thonii Van Niel, 1928 acetic ac, ethyl ale Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. Bact. pyocyaneus Aubel, 1921 acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. typhosus Harden, 1901 acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac, B. typhosum lactic ac, succinic ac. Scheffer, 1928 acetic ac, ethyl ale, succinic Friedlander's pneumobacillus ac Grimbert, 1896 INDEX TO ORG J NIC SUBSTRATES 69 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Dextrose (cent.) acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac, B. dysenteriae, Shiga-Kruse lactic ac, succinic ac. Scheffer, 1928 acetic ac, ethyl ale, 1-lactic ac. B. coli Grimbert, 1896 acetic ac, lactic ac, succinic ac. B. coli communis Young, 1924 acetic ac, oxalic ac. Asp. niger Heinze, 1903 acetic ac, propionic ac, suc- B. acidi propionici var.juscum cinic ac. Virtanen, 1923 acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, 1919 acetone, ethyl ale, pyruvic ac. B. acetoethylicum Speakman, 1925 acetylmethyl carbinol B. mesentericus vulgatus B. subtilis Tyrothrix tenuis Harden and Norris, 1912 acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbi- B. lactis aerogenes nol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic Kay, 1926 ac, lactic ac, succinic ac. acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3- B. lactis aerogenes butylene glycol Walpole, 191 1 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3- B. cloacae butylene glycol Thompson, 191 2 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3- B. lactis aerogenes butylene glycol Harden and Norris, 191 2 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3- B. lactis aerogenes butylene glycol Neuberg, Nord, and Wolff, 1920 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3- B. proteus butylene glycol Lemoigne, 1923 70 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Dextrose (cent.) acetylmethyl carbinol, butylene glycol acetylmethyl carbinol, butylene glycol, CO2 ale, formic ac, H2, etc 2, 3- 2, 3- ethyl lactic yeast Kluyver, Donker and Hooft, 1925 B. cloacae Scheffer, 1928 ac butyric ac. Bact. thermobntyricus Coolhaas, 1928 butyric ac, butyl ale, caproic ac, caprylic ac. B. biitylicus Neuberg and Arinstein, 1921 butyric ac, CO2, H^ , mannitol B. suhtilis Vanderwelde, 1884 citric ac. Asp. Jumaricus Schreyer, 1928 citric ac. Citromyces citricus Citromyces lacticus Citromyces tartricus Citromyces oxalicus Maze and Perrier, 1904 citric ac. Citromyces^ sp. ? Martin, 1916 citric ac. Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1928 citric ac Citromyces citricus Buchner and Wiistenfeld, 1909 citric ac Citromyces Pfejfferianus Buchner and Wustenfeld, 1909 citric ac. Mucor piriformis Wehmer, 1897 citric ac. Pen. lute urn Wehmer, 1897 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 71 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Dextrose (cent.) citric ac, gluconic ac. Asp. niger, Asp. cinnamoneus, Asp.fuscus Falck and Kapur, 1924 citric ac, oxalic ac. Asp. niger Wehmer, 1924 citric ac, oxalic ac Asp. niger Amelung, 1927 citric ac, oxalic ac. Asp. niger Elfving, 1919 citric ac, oxalic ac. Citromyces glaber Butkewitsch, 1922 CO2, ethyl ale Fusarium lini Anderson and Willaman, 1922 ethyl ale Mucor mucedo Mucor racemosus Mucor stolonijer Kostytschew and Eliasberg, 1920 ethyl ale yeast Rimini, 1926 ethyl ale Rhizopus, sp.? Takahashi and Sakaguchi, 1927 ethyl ale, CO2 Asp. niger Kostytschew, 1907 formic ac. B. prodigiosus Franzen and Egger, 191 2 formic ac, CO2, H2 B. coli communis Franzen and Kahlenberg, 1916 fumaric ac. Rhizopus nigricans Ehrlich, 1912 gluconic ac Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1928 7^ CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Dextrose (cent.) gluconic ac. Bad. aceti Brown, 1886 gluconic ac. B. Kiitzingianiirn B. Pastetirianum Seifert, 1897 gluconic ac. sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 gluconic ac. Pen. purpurogenum May, Thorn and Church, 1927 gluconic ac. Mycoderma aceti Boutroux, 1880 gluconic ac. Pen. purpurogenum Herrick and May, 1928 gluconic ac. Asp. niger Miiller, 1925 gluconic ac. Acetobacter, sp.? Bact. aceti viscosum Day and Walker, 19 13 gluconic ac. Bact. acetigenium Bact. acetosum Bact. oxydans Henneberg, 1909 gluconic ac, keto-gluconic ac. B. xylinum Bernhauer and Schon, 1929 glycerol yeast Oppenheimer, 1913 lactic ac. B. casei Virtanen and Karstrom, 1928 lactic ac. B. coli Pere, 1898 lactic ac. Lactobacillus leichmamii Fred, Peterson and Stiles, 1925 1-lactic ac. Lactobacillus leichmanni Allgeier and Peterson, 1930 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 73 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Dextrose (cent.) lactic ac. Lactobacillus, sp.^ Neuberg and Gorr, 1926 d-lactic ac. Clostridium thermocellum Peterson, Fred and Martin, 1926 d-lactic ac. Strept. lactis Allgeier and Peterson, 1930 lactic ac. Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 lactic ac. B. propionicus Neuberg and Gorr, 1926 lactic ac. yeast Aubel, 1929 lactic ac, CO2 B.coli communis Goto, 1925 lactic ac, ethyl ale B. of malignant oedema King and Frankel, 1890 1-lactic ac. Rhizopus chinensis Saito, 1911 lactic ac. yeast Oppenheimer, 19 13 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Wehmer, 1891, 1897 oxalic ac. B. aceti, B. Kiltzingianum B. acetigenum, B. acetosu7n B. ascendens, B. industrium B. oxydans, B. Pasteurianum B. xylinium, Termobacterium aceti Banning, 1902 oxygluconic ac. Micrococcus oblongus Boutroux, 1886 propionic, ac. Diplococcus pneumoniae Brieger, 1883 pyruvic ac. yeast Traetta-Mosca, 1927 74 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Products Microorganisms Authors Dextrose (cent.) pyruvic ac. Mycoderma, sp.? Fernbach and Schoen, 1914 pyruvic ac. B. coll Aubel, 1926 pyruvic ac. yeast Fernbach and Schoen, 1920 a, «, DICHLOROACETONE a, a-di-chloropropylalcohol yeast Sen, 1924 DiHYDROXYACETONE dextrose Sacc. ludwigii Neuberg and Kobel, 1928 lactic ac. yeast Oppenheimer, 19 13 DiHYDROXYMALEIC AC. CO2, glycollic aldehyde yeast Neuberg and Schwenk, 191 5 DULCITOL acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, Ho, succinic ac. B. ethoacetosuccinicus Frankland and Frew, 1892 Enanthol n-heptyl ale. yeast Ohta, 1914 Erythritol erythrulose erythrose sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898, 1900 Acetobacter suboxydans Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 oxalic ac. B. acetiy B. acetosujn B. industrium^ B. oxydans Banning, 1902 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 75 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Ethyl alc. acetaldehyde yeast Trillat and Sauton, 1908 acetaldehyde, acetic ac. B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 acetic ac. Bact. aceti Brown, 1886 acetic ac. Acetobacter sp. ? Knieriem and Mayer, 1872 acetic ac. B. KiUzingianum B. Pasteurianum Mayer, 1898 acetic ac. Acetobacter sp.} B. aceti (Hansen) Buchner and Gaunt, 1906 acetic ac. Acetobacter sp. ? Sohngen, 1913 acetic ac. Acetobacter sp.} Bact. aceti viscosum Day and Baker, 1913 acetic ac. Acetobacter suboxydans Visser't Hooft, 1925 citric ac, oxalic ac. Citromyces citricus Citromyces tartricus Maze and Perrier, 1904 Ethyl disulfide ethyl mercaptan yeast Neuberg and Schwenk, 191 5 Ethylene glycol 2, 3-butylene glycol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 glycollic ac. Acetobacter melanogemim Visser't Hooft, 1925 B. Kiitzingiamim Seifert, 1897 B. Pasteurianum Mayer, 1898 76 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Ethylene glycol (cent.) oxalic ac. B. aceti^ B. acetosum B. ascendens, B. industrium B. Kutzingianum , B. oxydans B. Pasteurianum Termobacterium aceti Banning, 1902 Formaldehyde methyl ale. yeast Neuberg and Welde, 19 14 Formic ac. CO2, H2 B. coli communis Franzen and Kahlenberg, 1916 FuMARIC AC. acetic ac, pyruvic ac B. pyocyaneus Quastel, 1924 1-malic ac Asp. niger Challenger and Klein, 1929 malic ac B. coli Quastel and Whetham, 1924 oxalic ac Asp. niger Raistrick and Clark, 1919 pyruvic ac. B. pyocyaneus Quastel, 1924 succinic ac. B. coli communis Quastel, Stephenson and Whetham, 1925 Furfural furfuryl ale yeast Lintner and I.iebig, 1911 furyltrimethylene glycol yeast Lintner and Liebig, 1913 Galactose acetaldehyde Bad. coli, B. lactis aerogenes Naeai, 1923 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 77 Substrates Products Microorganisms Authors Galactose (cent.) acetaldehyde, CO2, glycerol acetic ac, acetone, butyl ale, butyric ac, lactic ac. acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale. Ho, lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, ethyl ale, lactic ac acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. acetylmethyl carbinol, butylene glycol citric ac, oxalic ac. fumaric ac, citric ac. galactonic ac. lactic ac. oxalic ac. q!-Glucoheptite a-glucoheptulose Gluconic ac acetaldehyde acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, acetylmethyl car- binol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac, succinic ac yeast Tomita, 1921 B. granulobacter pectinovorum Speakman, 1923 B. colt communis Harden, 1901 Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, 1919 B. lactis aero genes Harden and Norris, 191 2 Asp. niger Amelung, 1927 Asp.Jumaricus Schreyer, 1928 sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 B. coli Pere, 1898 B. Kittzingianum Termobacteriujn aceti Banning, 1902 sorbose bacterium Bertrand and Nitzberg, 1928 B. lactis aerogenes Nagai, 1923 B. coli communis Kay, 1926 B. lactis aerogenes Kay, 1926 78 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Gluconic ac. (cent.) citric ac Asp.Jumaricus Schreyer, 1925, 1928 citric ac, saccharic ac. Asp. niger Walker, Subramaniam and Challenger, 1927 dihydroxyacetone, ethyl ale Acetobacter sp. ? Sohngen, 1914, 1915 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Butkewitsch, 1923 oxygluconic ac. Acetobacter suboxydans Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1921 Glyceraldehyde lactic ac yeast Oppenheimer, 1913 Glyceric ac. acetaldehyde B. lactis aerogenes Nagai, 1923 acetaldehyde yeast Lebedev and Polonski, 1916 acetaldehyde, acetic ac, CO2, yeast ethyl ale Lebedev, 191 8 citric ac Asp.Jumaricus Schreyer, 1928 Glycerol acetaldehyde B. lactis aerogenes Kumagawa, 1922 acetic ac, butyl ale, butyric ac. Amylobacter butylicus Duclaux, 1895 acetic ac, 2, 3-butylene glycol, B. lactis aerogenes CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac. Harden and Norris, 191 2 H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, 1, 3-butylene glycol, Bact. aerogenes CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac. Braak, 1928 H2, lactic ac, succinic ac INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 79 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Glycerol (cent.) acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, BacL Freundii formic ac.,H2lacticac., succi- Braak, 1928 nic ac, trimethylene glycol acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, BacL coli formic ac, H2, lactic ac. Braak, 1928 succinic ac acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac. Propionibacteriuni pentosaceum succinic ac. Van Niel, 1928 acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac Propionibacterium Thonii Propionibacterium technicmn Propionibacterium Shermanii Propionibacterium Peterssonii Propionibacterium Jensenii Van Niel, 1928 acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. ethaceticus succinic ac. Frankland and Fox, 1889 acetic ac, CO., ethyl ale, B. coli formic ac, lactic ac, suc- Grey, 1923 cinic ac. acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, 1919 acetylmethyl carbinol Tyrothrix tenuis Harden and Norris, 191 2 acrolein B. Welchii Humphreys, 1924 acrylaldehyde B. amaracrylus Voisenet, 191 8 n-amyl ale, n-butyl ale, n- B. butylicus propyl ale Morin, 1887 butyl ale B. butylicus Emmerling, 1897 butyl ale, butyric ac, lactic B. butylicus ac. Fitz, 1882 butyl ale, butyric ac, caproic Mucor racemosus ac, CO2, ethyl ale. Ho Fitz, 1876 8o CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Products Microorganisms Authors Glycerol (cont.) n-butyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac. 2, 3-butylene glycol butyl ale, butyric ac, caproic ac, caprylic ac. butyric ac, lactic ac, succinic ac. citric ac citric ac, oxalic ac CO2, glyceric ac, lactic ac. dihydroxy acetone dihydroxy acetone dihydroxyacetone dihydroxy acetone dihydroxyacetone dihydroxyacetone dihydroxyacetone dihydroxyacetone B. butylicus Buchner and Meisenheimer, 1908 B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 B. butylicus Neuberg and Arinstein, 1921 B. subtilis Vandewelde, 1884 CitromyceSy sp.} Wehmer, 1913 Citromyces citricus Maze and Perrier, 1904 Asp. niger Citromyces glaber Butkewitsch, 1923 B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 Acetobacter suboxydans Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1904 B. dioxyacctonicuui Virtanen and Barlund, 1926 sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 B. xylinum Virtanen and Barlund, 1926 B. xylinum Bernhauer and Schon, 1928 Acetobacter suboxydans Bact. xylinum Brit, patent 269, 950 Bact. xylinum Bertrand and Sazerac, 1901 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Glycerol (cent.) ethyl ale. yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 19 13 ethyl ale. Asp. niger Kostytschew and Afanass- jewa, 1922 ethyl ale, CO2 yeast Kostytschew and Faermann, 1928 gluconic ac. Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1928 oxalic ac. B. aceti, B. ascendens B. oxydans, B. Pasteurianum B. xylinum Termobacterium aceti Banning, 1902 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Elfving, 19 1 9 oxymaltol Asp. glaucus Traetta-MoscaandPreti, 1921 pyruvic ac. B. subtilis Aubel, 1 921 succinic ac. Rhizopus, sp.'^. Takahashi and Sakaguchi, 1927 sucrose yeast Connstein and Ludecke, 1919 Glycerose citric ac, oxalic ac. Asp. niger Amelung, 1927 Glycolaldehyde ethylene glycol yeast Neuberg and Schwenk, 191 5 Glycollic AC. oxalic ac. B. aceti., B. acetigenum B. acetosum, B. ascendens B. Kiitzingianum CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Glycollic AC. (cont.) B. Pasteurianum Termobacterium aceti Banning, 1902 Glycuronic AC. acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale. B. coli communis formic ac, lactic ac, suc- Kay, 1926 cinic ac GlYOXYLIC AC acetaldehyde, CO2 yeast Lebedev, 191 8 Hydroxyfumaric AC acetaldehyde, CO2 yeast Mayer, 1913 HyDROXYPYRUVIC AC. glycolaldehyde, CO h yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 19 13 Inositol acetaldehyde, COo, lactic ac. B. lactis aerogenes succinic ac. Kumagawa, 1922 i-lNOSITOL acetic ac, COo, ethyl ale, B. lactis succinic ac. Hewitt and Steabbin, 1921 Inulin oxalic ac Asp. niger Elfving, 1919 ISOBUTYL ALC isobutyric ac. Acetobacter melanogenum Visser't Hooft, 1925 IsOBUTYL ALDEHYDE isobutyl ale yeast Ohta, 1914 Isobutyric ac. oxalic ac B. aceti., B. Kiltzingianum B. Pasteurianum Banning, 1902 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 83 Substrates MlCROORGANISMS Products Authors ISODULCITE See rhamnose ISOLICHENIN oxalic ac. B. aceti, B. industriiun B. Kiitzingia7ium Banning, 1902 ISOPROPYL ALC. acetone Acetobacter jnelanogenwn Acetobacter xylinum visser't Hooft, 1925 a-KETOBUTYRIC AC. ethyl ale, n-propyl ale. yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 1914 propionaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 19 12 propionaldehyde, propyl ale yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 1913 a-KETO-ISO-VALERIC AC. isobutyl aldehyde yeast Sen, 1923 a-KETO-n-CAPROIC AC. n-amyl ale, n-valeraldehyde yeast Sen, 1923 Lactic ac acetaldehyde B. lactis aerogenes Nagai, 1923 acetaldehyde, acetic ac . py- B. pyocyaneus ruvic ac. Supniewski, 1923 acetic ac. Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 acetic ac. Acetobacter melanogenum Acetobacter suboxydans Acetobacter xylinum visser't Hooft, 1925 acetic ac, butyl ale, butyric ac. Amylobacter butylicus Duclaux, 1895 84 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Lactic ac. (cont.) acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac Bad. acidi propionici v?iY.Juscum Virtanen, 1923 acetic ac, COo, propionic ac. B. acidi propionici Bact. acidi propionici-b Bact. acidi propionici-a Von Freudenreich and Orla- Jensen, 1906 acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac, Propionibacteriiim Freudenreichii succinic ac Propionibacterium Jensenii Propionibacterium pentosaceum Prop io n iba cteriii m Peterss onii Propionibacterium rubrum Propionibacterium Shermanii Propionibacterium technicum Propionibacterium Thonii Van Niel, 1928 acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. ethoacetosuccinicus Maze, 1 9 13 acetic ac, ethyl ale, 1-lactic ac. B. coli succinic ac. Grimbert, 1896 acetic ac, propionic ac. B. mot His Orla-Jensen, 1904 acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, 1919 acetylmethyl carbinol B. subtilis Lemoigne, 1923 2, 3-butylene glycol B. mesenterious-ruber Lemoigne, 1913 butyl ale, butyric ac, caproic B. butylicus ac, caprylic ac Neuberg and Arinstein, 1921 citric ac. Asp.fumaricus Schreyer, 1928 ethyl ale Asp. niger Kostytschew and xAfanass- jewa, 1922 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 85 Substrates MlCROORGANISMS Products Authors Lactic ac. (cont.) ethyl ale, pyruvic ac yeast Kayser, 1923 oxalic ac. B. Kiitzingianum Temobacterium aceti Banning, 1902 propionic ac, valeric ac. B. subtilis Fitz, 1880 pyruvic ac. Amylomyces Rouxii Maze and Ruot, 191 6 pyruvic ac. B. coli communis B. pyocyaneus Quastel, Stephenson and Whetham, 1925 Lactose acetaldehyde Bact. coli., B. lactis aerogenes Nagai, 1923 acetaldehyde yeast Trillat, 1908 acetic ac, acetylme thyl car- B. tartricus binol, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, Grimbert, 1901 lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, butyl ale , butyric Amylobacter butylicus ac, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, Duclaux, 1895 lactic ac. acetic ac, propionic ac. Bact. acidi propionici d Sherman and Shaw, 1923 acetic ac, propionic ac, suc- Bact. acidi propionici cinic ac. Virtanen, 1923 acetic ac, succinic ac B. lactis aerogenes Emmerling, 1900 citric ac. Citro my ces, sp.} Wehmer, 1913 lactic ac. Lactobacillus leichmani Fred, Peterson and Stiles, 1925 86 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates MlCROORGANISMS Products Authors Lactose (cont.) lactic ac. B. coli Pere, 1898 lactic ac, methylglyoxal, py- Bact. caucasicum ruvic ac. Kostytschew and Solda- tenkov, 1927 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Elfving, 19 1 9 Levulose acetaldehyde Bact. coll., B. lactis aerogenes Nagai, 1923 acetic ac, butyric ac, COo, Sarcina tnaxima ethyl ale, formic ac. H2, Smit, 1928 lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale. H2, B. coli communis lactic ac, succinic ac. Harden, 1901 acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. Bact. pyocyaneus lactic ac. Aubel, 1921 acetic ac, lactic ac, mann itol Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, 1919 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2 > 3- B. lactis aerogenes butylene glycol Walpole, 191 1 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2 3- B. cloacae butylene glycol Harden and Norris, 191 2 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2 3- yeast butylene glycol Kluyver, Donker and Hooft, 1925 acetylmethyl carbinol yeast 2,3-butylene glycol Kluyver and Donker, 1924 yeast acetylmethyl carbinol Neuberg and Reinfurth, 1923 citric ac, oxalic ac Asp. ijiger Amelung, 1927 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 87 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Levulose (cont.) fumaric ac. Rhizopus nigricans Ehrlich, 191 2 gluconic ac. Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1928 lactic ac. Lactobacillus leichmani Fred, Peterson and Stiles, 1925 d-lactic ac. Clostridium thermocellum Peterson, Fred and Martin, 1926 oxalic ac. B. aceti, B. oxydans, B. xylinum Banning, 1902 Malic ac. acetaldehyde B. coli Nagai, 1923 acetic ac, ethyl ale, succinic B. coli communis ac. Grey, 1923 acetic ac, lactic ac Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 acetic ac, succinic ac. B. lactis aerogenes Emmerling, 1899 fumaric ac. B. coli communis Quastel and Whetham, 1924 lactic ac. yeast Lebedev and Russ, 1916 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Raistrick and Clark, 1919 pyruvic ac B. fluorescens Bejerinck and Folpmers, 1916 Malonic AC. acetic ac, ethyl ale, lactic ac. B. coli communis Grey, 1923 oxalic ac. B. aceti., B. acetosum B. ascendens, B. Kiitzingianum B. Pasteurianum CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Malic ac. (cont.) Termobacterium aceti Maltose Banning, 1902 acetaldehyde Bact. coli, B. lactis aerogenes acetic ac, acetylmethyl car- binol, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, Nagai, 1923 B. tartricus Grimbert, 1901 lactic ac, succinic ac acetic ac, butyl ale, butyric ac, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, Amylobacter butylicus Duclaux, 1895 lactic ac. acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, acetone, ethyl ale, pyruvic ac. acetylmpthyl carbinol 1919 B. acetoethylicum Speakman, 1925 B. anthracis Lemoigne, 191 9 citric ac, oxalic ac. Asp. niger Amelung, 1927 Mannitol acetic ac, COo, ethyl ale, formic ac, lactic ac, suc- cinic ac acetic ac, acetone, butyl ale. B. cloacae, B. coli, B. lactis aerogenes Thompson, 19 12 B. granulobacter pectinovorum butyric ac, lactic ac Speakman, 1923 acetic ac, acetylmethyl car- binol, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, B. tartricus Grimbert, 1901 lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbi- nol, ethyl ale, CO2, formic B. lactis aerogenes Kay, 1926 ac, lactic ac, succinic ac acetic ac, butyl ale, butyric ac, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, lactic ac. Amylobacter butylicus Duclaux, 1895 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Mannitol (cont.) acetic ac, COo, ethyl ale, H2 B. ethaceticus Frankland and Lumsden,i892 acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale. H2, B. coli communis lactic ac, succinic ac. Grey, 191 8 acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale H2, B. coli communis lactic ac, succinic ac Harden, 1901 acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale H2, B. ethacetosuccinicus succinic ac Frankland and Frew, 1892 acetic ac, ethyl ale B. ethaceticus Frankland, Stanley and Frew, 1891 acetic ac, ethyl ale Friedlander's pneumococcus Frankland, Stanley and F^rew, acetic ac, CO2, ethyl ale, 1891 B. coli communis formic ac, lactic ac, suc- Kay, 1926 cinic ac, acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ^ ac. B. ethaceticus succinic ac. Frankland and Fox, 1889 acetic ac, ethyl ale, 1-lactic ac Friedlander's pneumobacillus Grimbert, 1896 acetic ac, lactic ac. Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 acetylmethyl carbinol B. suhtilis Tyrothrix tenuis B. mesentericus vulgatus Harden and Norris, 191 2 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2 ' 3" B. cloacae butylene glycol acetylmethyl carbinol, 2 butylene glycol , 3- Thompson, 191 2 B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 butyl ale butyl ale, butyric ac, lactic ac. B. butylicus Emmerling, 1897 B. butylicus Fitz, 1882 90 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Mannitol (cont.) citric ac. Asp.fumaricus Schreyer, 1928 citric ac, oxalic ac. Asp. niger, Citromyces glaber Butkewitsch, 1923 ethyl ale. Asp. niger Kostytschew and Afanass- jewa, 1922 ethyl ale, CO2 yeast Kostytschew and Faermann, 1928 lactic ac. B. coli Pere, 1898 levulose Acetobacter suboxydans Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 levulose Bact. aceti Brown, 1886 levulose B. xylinum Hoyer, 1898 levulose Sorbose bacteriurh Bertrand, 1898 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Elfving, 1919 oxalic ac. B. Indus tr turn Banning, 1902 Mannose acetic ac, ethyl ale, lactic ac. Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac B. acetoethylicmn Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, 1919 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3- B. cloacae butylene glycol Harden and Norris, 191 2 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3- B. lactis aerogenes butylene glycol Harden and Norris, 19 12 citric ac. Citromyces^ sp. ? Wehmer, 19 13 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 91 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Mannose (cont.) ethyl ale. yeast Mezzadroli, 191 8 gluconie ac. Jsp. niger Bernhauer, 1928 lactic ac. B. colt Per6, 1898 p-Methoxy-benzaldehyde p-methoxy-benzoic ac, yeast p-methoxy-benzyl ale. Neuberg and Liebermann, 1921 Methyl acetol See aeetylmethyl carbinol Methyl alc. formic ac. B. pyocyayteus Supniewski, 1923 MeTHYL-BENZOYL CARBINOL + dextrose methyl-phenylethylene glycol yeast Neuberg and Komarewsky, 1927 Methyl-q;-chloroethyl ketone methyl-a-ehloroethyl alc. yeast Santomauro, 1924 o-methyl-cyclohexanone o-methyl cyclohexanol yeast Akamatsu, 1923 d-1-METHYLETHYL-ACETALDEHYDE d-amyl ale., valeric ac. B. pasteurianum Neuberg and Simon, 1926 Methylethylacetaldehyde i-amyl alc, i-valeric ac. B. ascendens B. xylinum Neuberg and Simon, 1926 Methylethylketone + sucrose d-methylethyl carbinol yeast Neuberg and Nord, 1919 92 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Methyl-ethyl pyruvic ac. methyl-ethyl acetaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Peterson, 1914 Methylglyoxal lactic ac. Bad. coli, Bad. pasteurianum Gorr and Perlmann, 1926 lactic ac. B. coli, B. propionicus., Lactobacillus., sp.^ Neuberg and Gorr, 1926 lactic ac, mandelic ac. yeast Dakin and Dudley, 1913 d-lactic ac. yeast Neuberg and Kobel, 1927, 1929 d-1-lactic ac. yeast Neuberg, 19 13 d-1-lactic ac. B. Delbriicki Neuberg and Simon, 1927 Methylglyoxal+ sucrose 1-propylene glycol yeast Neuberg and Kobel, 1927 MeTHYL-H-HEXYL KETONE + SUCROSE d-methyl hexyl carbinol yeast Neuberg and Nord, 191 9 Methyl nonyl ketone + sucrose d-methyl nonyl carbinol yeast Neuberg and Nord, 191 9 METHYL-n-PROPYL KETONE + SUCROSE d-methyl-n-propyl carbinol yeast Neuberg and Nord, 19 19 Oleic ac keto-stearic ac. Pen. glaucum Pigulewski and Charik, 1928 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 93 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors OXALACETIC AC. acetaldehyde, CO2 yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 1913 acetaldehyde, acetone, CO2 yeast Neuberg and Gorr, 1925 acetone, butylene glycol, malic yeast ac. Neuberg and Gorr, 1924 Oxalic ac glvcoUic ac. Asp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 Perseitol perseulose Sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 perseulose Bad. xylinum Bertrand, 1909 PhENYLACETAI DEHYDE phenylethyl ale. yeast Neuberg and Welde, 19 14 Phenylglyoxal d-mandelic ac. Bad. ascendens Mayer, 1926 1-mandelic ac. Lactobacillus sp.} Mayer, 1926 1-mandelic ac. B. lactis aerogenes Neuberg and Simon, 1927 d-mandelic ac. B. Delbriicki Neuberg and Simon, 1927 lactic ac, mandelic ac. yeast Dakin and Dudley, 1913 Phenylglyoxalic AC benzaldehyde yeast Binder- Kotrba, 1926 Phloridzin phloroglucinol Cladosporium sp? Asp. niger Boas, 191 6 94 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Propionic ac. butyl ale, butyric ac , caproic B. butylicus ac, caprylic ale Neuberg and Arinstein, 1921 Propyl alc. propionic ac. Bact. aceti Brown, 1886 propionic ac B. Kiitzingianum B. Pasteurianum Mayer, 1898 propionic ac Acetobacter, sp.? B. aceti (Hansen) Buchner and Gaunt, 1906 Propylene Glycol acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac, Propionibacterium Jensenii succinic ac Propionibacterium technicum Van Niel, 1928 acetic ac, CO2, formic ac, giy- B. colt collie ac, H2, i-lactic ac. Aubel, 1924 propionic ac. acetic ac, fumaric ac, actio ac. Rhizopus nigricans Gottschalk, 1925 acetyl carbinol Mycoderma aceti Kling, 1905 acetylmethyl carbinol yeast Neuberg and May, 1923 acetylmethyl carbinol yeast Hirsch, 1922 aldol yeast Neuberg, 191 2 ethyl alc. yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 1913 lactic ac B. pyocyaneiis Aubel, 1924 a-PROPYLENE GLYCOL acetyl carbinol Acetobacter xylinum visser't Hooft, 1925 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 95 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors d-PROPYLENE GLYCOL lactic ac, propionic ac. Bad. termo LeBel, 1881 d-1-PROPYLENE GLYCOL acetylcarbinol Mycoderma aceti Kling, 1901 Pyruvic ac. acetaldehyde Asp. niger mutante Monilia Candida Mucor plumbeus., Mucor racemous Mucor rouxii Oidium lactis Nayagama, 1921 acetaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Reinfurth, 1920 acetaldehyde, acetic ac , CO2, Lactobacillus pentoaceticus H2 Peterson and Fred, 1920 acetaldehyde, acetic ac, ethyl yeast ale Lebedev and Polonski, 1917 acetaldehyde, CO2 yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 191 2 acetaldehyde, CO2 yeast Gottschalk, 1923 acetaldehyde, CO2, ethyl ale yeast Lebedev and Polonski, 1917 acetaldehyde, CO2, pre pionic Bact. acidi propionici vsiX.Juscum ac Virtanen, 1923 QUINIC AC acetic ac, formic ac, propionic Schizomycetes ac, protocatechuic ac Loew, 1 88 1 ethyl ale Asp. niger Kostytschew and Afanassje- wa, 1922 96 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors QuiNic AC. (cont.) protocatechuic ac. Micrococcus chinicus Emmerling and Abderhalden, 1903 protocatechuic ac. Asp. niger, Asp. oryzae Citromyces glaber Butkewitsch, 1924 Rhamnose acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3- B. cloacae butylene glycol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 Raffinose acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe, and Morgan, 1919 arabin B. spongiosus Ruhland, 1906 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Gillot, 1899 oxalic ac. B. aceti, B. ascendens B. xylinum Banning, 1902 Saccharic ac. acetic ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. coli communis lactic ac, succinic ac Kay, 1926 acetic ac, acetylmethyl carbi- B. lactis aerogenes nol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic Kay, 1926 ac, lactic ac, succinic ac. citric ac. Asp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Butkewitsch, 1923 Sorbitol sorbose Acet. suboxydans Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 97 Substrates Microorganisms Products x^UTHORS Sorbitol (cent.) sorbose sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 sorbose B. xylinum Seifert, 1897, Mayer, 1898, Noyer, 1898 Starch acetaldehyde B. acetoethylicum Peterson and Fred, 1920 acetaldehyde, acetic ac, buty- B. suaveolens ric ac, ethyl ale, formic ac. Sclavo and Gosio, 1891 acetic ac, acetone, butyl ale. B. granidobacter pectinovorum butyric ac. Speakman, 1923 acetic ac, acetone, ethyl ale, B. acetoethylicum formic ac, lactic ac. Arzberger, Peterson and Fred, 1920 acetic ac, butyl ale, butyric Atnylobacter butylicus ac, COo, ethyl ale, H2, lac- Duclaux, 1895 tic ac. acetic ac, butyl ale, formic ac, Pectinobacter amylophilum lactic ac, succinic ac. Makrinov, 191 5 acetic ac, butyric ac, ethyl B. subtilis ale, succinic ac. Fitz, 1878 acetic ac, CO2, propionic ac, Propionibacterium technicum succinic ac Van Niel, 1928 acetone, butyl ale, CO2, ethyl CI. acetobutylicum alc.,H2 ' KillefFer, 1927 acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, 1919 acetone, ethyl ale, fusel oil B. acetoethylicus Bakonyi, 1926 amylobiose, dihexosan Saccharomyces Sake Sjoberg, 1927 dextrin B. amylobacter Villiers, 1891 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Starch (cont.) dextrose B. anthracis Maumus, 1893 ethyl ale. Mucor circinelloides {}) Gayon and Dubourg, 1886 ethyl ale., isobutyl ale., isopro- Gra niiloba cteriu ni butylicu m pyl ale., n-butyl ale.. propy] Folpmers, 1921 ale. maltose Bact. thermoamylolyticus Coolhaas, 1928 oxalie ac. Asp. niger Wehmer, 1891 Succinic ac. acetie ac. Micrococcus casei liquefaciens Orla-Jensen, 1904 aeetie ae., formic ac, H 2 B. colt communis Grey, 1923 aeetic ac, propionic ac B. casei Orla-Jensen, 1904 fumaric ae. B. coli communis Quastel and Whetham, 1924 oxalic ac Asp. niger Raistrick and Clark, 1919 propionic ac B. pyocyaneus * Quastel, 1924 Sucrose acetaldehyde yeast Paris, 1922 acetaldehyde B. coli, B. laciis aerogenes Nagai, 1923 acetaldehyde, acetic ac , CO,, Sacc. Sake, Zygosacc. major. ethyl ale, glycerol Zygosacc. salsus Kumagawa, 1922 acetaldehyde, acetic ac. , ethyl yeast ale, glycerol Neuberg and Hirsch, 1919 acetaldehyde, ethyl ale. yeast Gehle, 1922 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 99 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Sucrose (cent.) acetaldehyde, ethyl ale. yeast Zerner, 1920 acetaldehyde, glycerol yeast Neuberg and Reinfurth, 191 8 acetaldehyde, acetic ac, ethyl Amylobacter ethylicus ale, lactic ac. Duclaux, 1895 acetic ac. Diplococcus pnemnoniae Brieger, 1883 acetic ac, acetone, ethyl ale. B. invertenti-acetici lactic ac. Mezzadroli, 1917 acetic ac, acetylmethylcarbi- Aerobacter Jaeni nol, 2, 3-butylene glycol, Breden, Fulmer, Werkman CO2, ethyl ale, fo-mic ac. and Hixon, 1930 H2, lactic ac, succinic ac. acetic ac, butyl ale, butyric Amylobacter butylicus ac, CO2, ethyl ale, H2, lac- Duclaux, 1895 tic ac. acetic ac, lactic ac. B. invertenti-lattici Mezzadroli, 1917 acetic ac, malic ac, succinic ac. yeast Kostytschew and Frey, 1925 acetone, ethyl ale, fusel oil B. acetoethylicus Bakonyi, 1926 acetone, ethyl ale, fusel oil B. macerans Bakonyi, 1926 acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, 1919 acetylmethyl carbinol B. anthracis Lemoigne, 191 9 acetylmethyl carbinol B. subtilis Lemoigne, 1913 acetylmethyl carbinol yeast Neuberg and Simon, 1925 acetylmethyl carbinol, 2, 3-bu- B. subtilis tylene glycol Lemoigne, 1912 loo CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Sucrose (cent.) arabin B. spongiosus Ruhland, 1906 butyl ale, butyric ac, lactic ac. B. butylicus Fitz, 1882 2, 3-butylene glycol yeast Henninger, 1888 citric ac. Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1928 citric ac. Citro7nyces, sp..'' Wehmer, 1913 citric ac. CitromyceSy sp.? Filosofov and Malinovskii, 1928 citric ac. Citromyces (Wehmer) • Maze, 1909 citric ac, fumaric ac, gl uconic Asp.Jumaricus ac, malic ac Wehmer, 1918, 1928 citric ac, gluconic ac Citromyces glaber Pen. glaucum Butkewitsch, 1927 citric ac, gluconic ac, oxalic Asp. niger ac. Bernhauer, 1924, 1926 citric ac, gluconic ac, oxalic Asp. niger ac. Butkewitsch, 1924 citric ac, gluconic ac, oxalic Sterigmatocystis nigra ac. Molliard, 1922 citric ac, oxalic ac. Asp. niger Currie, 1917 citric ac, oxalic ac. Asp. niger Amelung, 1927 citric ac, oxalic ac. Asp. niger Citrofuyces glaber Butkewitsch, 1923 ethyl ale Mucor racemosus Fitz, 1876 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES Substrates Products Sucrose (cont.) ethyl ale. ethyl ale. ethyl ale. ethyl ale., glyeerol, ethyl ale., sueeinic glueonic ac. glyeerol glyeerol glyeerol glyeerol glycerol gum levan laetic ae. lactic ac. 1-lactic ac. succinic ac. Microorganisms Authors Asp. niger Kostytschevv and Afanass- jewa, 1922 Mucor ?nucedo Mucor race?nosus Mucor stolonijer Kostytsehew and Eliasberg, 1920 Pen. glaucum Kostytsehew and Afanasaje- wa, 1922 Mucor racemosus Emmerling, 1897 Mucor 7nucedo Fitz, 1873 Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1928 Sacc. ellipsoideus Adams, 19 19 yeast Buehner and Meisenheimer, 1906 yeast Connstein and Ludecke, 1919 yeast Abderhalden and Stix, 1922 yeast Tomoda, 1928 B. vulgatus Owen, 1923 B. coli Pere, 1898 yeast Fernbach and Schoen, 1923 B. acidi laevolactici Schardinger, 1890 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Sucrose (cent.) l-lactic ac. B. casei E. Virtanen, Wichmann and Lindstrom, 1927 d-lactic ac. Strep, lactis Virtanen, Wichmann and Lindstrom, 1927 lactic ac, methylglyo xal B. coli Virtanen and Simola, 1927 1-malic ac. yeast Dakin, 1924 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Elfving, 1919 oxalic ac. B. aceti B. Pasteurianum Banning, 1902 oxalic ac, citric ac Citromyces citricus Citromyces glaber Citromyces PJeferianus Penicillium glaucum Butkewitsch, 1922 pyruvic ac. yeast Klein and Fuchs, 1929 Sucrose + Methyl Glyoxal 1-propylene glycol yeast Neuberg and Kobel, 1927 pyruvic ac. yeast Fernbach and Schoen, 1913 Tartaric ac. acetaldehyde B. coli B. lactis aerogenes Nagai, 1923 acetic ac, ethyl ale , succinic B. coli communis ac. Grey, 1923 acetic ac, propionic ac, suc- Bact. termo cinic ac. Konig, 1881 INDEX TO ORGANIC SUBSTRATES 103 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Tartaric ac. (cont.) butyric ac, lactic ac, propionic yeast ac, succinic ac Karczag, 191 2 ethyl ale Asp. niger Kostytschew and Afanass- jewa, 1912 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Wehmer, 1891 oxalic ac. Asp. niger Raistrick and Clark, 1919 Thioacetaldehyde ethylmercaptan yeast Neuberg and Nord, 19 14 o-ToLYL Aldehyde o-tolyl-acetyl carbinol yeast Behrens and Ivanoff, 1926 p-ToLYL Aldehyde p-tolyl-acetyl carbinol yeast Behrens and Ivanoff, 1926 Trichlor Acetaldehyde trichlorethylalcohol yeast Lintner and Liiers, 1913 a, a, /3, Trichlorbutyl Aldehyde 2, 2, 3-trichlorbutanol yeast Rosenfeld, 1925 Valemite keto-hexose sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 n-VALERALDEHYDE n-amyl ale yeast Neuberg and Nord, 1914 Valeraldehyde amyl ale yeast Neuberg and Steenbock, 1914 I04 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Substrates Products Microorganisms Authors Xylan pentose (xylose?) Actinomyces sp.? Patrick, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 P-XYLOQ.UINONE p-xylohydroquinone coli bacteria Neuberg and Simon, 1927 Xylose acetic ac, acetone, butyl ale, butyric ac, lactic ac. acetic ac, acetylmethyl car- binol, 2, 3-butylene glycol, CO2, ethyl ale, formic ac, H2, lactic ac, succinic ac B. granulobactcr pectinovorum Speakman, 1923 Aerobacter Jaeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 acetic ac, butyric ac, eth) formic ac, lactic ac, cinic ac. '1 ale suc- B. lactis aerogenes B. para typhoid B typhosus Fred and Peterson, 1920 acetic ac, ethyl ale, 1-lactic ac, succinic ac. Friedlander's pneumobacillus Grimbert, 1896 acetic ac, CO2, propionic acetic ac, lactic ac ae Fropionibacterium pentosaceum Werkman, Hixon, Fulmer and Rayburn, 1929 Lactobacillus pentosus Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Fred, Peterson and Anderson, 1921 Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Fred, Peterson and Daven- acetic ac, lactic ac acetone, butyl ale, CO2 port, 1 91 9 B. granulobactcr pectinovorum Peterson, Fred and Schmidt, 1924 INDEX TO ORGJNIC SUBSTRATES 105 Substrates Microorganisms Products Authors Xylose (cent.) acetone, CO2, ethyl ale. Acetobacter xylinum. B. herbicola aureum, B. vulgatus Fred, Peterson and Anderson, 1923 acetone, ethyl ale, formic ac. B. acetoethylicum Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, 1919 citric ac. CitromyceSy sp.? Wehmer, 19 13 citric ac, oxalic ac. Asp. niger Amelung, 1927 CO2, ethyl ale, glyceric alde- Sacc. cerevisiae hyde (?) Abbott, 1926 xylonic ac. sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 TABLE III INDEX TO PRODUCTS TABLE THREE INDEX TO PRODUCTS Products MlCROORGANISMS Substrates Authors ACETALDEHYDE dextrose Asp. cellulosae Monilia Candida Mucor racemosus Mucor rouxii Oidiu?n lactis Cohen, 1920 dextrose B. coli communis Grey, 19 13 dextrose B. dysenteriae, Shiga-Kruse Bergh, 1928 dextrose yeast Kostytschew, 191 2 dextrose Oidium lupuli Sumiki, 1927 dextrose B. lactis aerogenes Neuberg, Nord and Wolff, 1920 dextrose Rhizopus, sp.? Nill, 1927 dextrose, glycero , inositol B. lactis aerogenes Kumagawa, 1922 ethyl ale. yeast Trillat and Sauton, 1908 ethyl ale. B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 galactose yeast Tomita, 1921 galactose, gluconic ac. >giy eerie B. coli ac, lactic ac. lactose. evu- B. lactis aerogenes lose, malic ac. mal tose, suc- Nagai, 1923 rose, tartaric ac. 109 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors ACETALDEHYDE (cont.) glyceric ac. yeast Lebedev, 191 8 glyceric ac, pyruvic ac. yeast Lebedev and Polonski, 1916 glyoxylic ac. yeast Lebedev, 191 8 hydroxyfumaric ac. yeast Mayer, 1913 lactic ac. B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 lactose yeast Trillat, 1908 oxalacetic ac. yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 19 13 oxalacetic ac. yeast Neuberg and Gorr, 1925 pyruvic ac. yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 191 2 pyruvic ac. Monilia Candida, Oidium lactis Asp. niger mutante, Mucor rouxii Mucor racemosus Nagayama, 1921 pyruvic ac. Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 pyruvic ac. yeast Neuberg and Reinfiirth, 1920 pyruvic ac. yeast Gottschalk, 1923 pyruvic ac. yeast Paris, 1922 starch B. acetoethylicum Peterson and Fred, 1920 sucrose Sacc. Sake Zygosaccharomyces major Zygosaccharomyces salsus Kumagawa, 1922 INDEX TO PRODUCTS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors ACETALDEHYDE 'cont.) sucrose Aynylobacter ethylicus Duclaux, 1895 sucrose yeast Gehle, 1922 sucrose yeast Neuberg and Reinfiirth, 191 8 sucrose yeast Zerner, 1920 Acetic ac. acetaldehyde yeast Kostytschew, 1914 acetaldehyde B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 acetaldehyde B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 acetone B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 arabinose B. ethaceticum Frankland and MacGregor, 1892 arabinose Lactobacillus arabinosus Fred, Peterson and Anderson, 1921 arabinose Pneumobacillus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 arjibinose, de xtrose. galactose, B. colt communis levulose, mannitol Harden, 1901 arabinose, dextrose, galactose, B. granulobacter pectinovorum mannitol, starch, xylose Speakman, 1923 arabinose, xy ose Lactob. pentosus Lactob. pentoaceticus Fred, Peterson and Anderson, 1921 arabinose, dextrose, glycerol. Propionibacteriu?n pentosaceum lactic ac, starch xylose Werkman,Hixon, Fulmerand Rayburn, 1929 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Acetic ac. (cont.) cellulose Clostridiiwi thermocellum Viljoen, Fred and Peterson, 1926 cellulose B. cellidosae dissohens Khouvine, 1923 cellulose Bad. cellaresolvens Bad. opalescens Groenewege, 1923 citric ac. B. coli communis Grey, 1923 dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose B. suipestifer Brown, Duncan and Henry, 1924 B. coli communis Grey and Young, 1921 Granulobacter saccharobutyricum Donker, 1926 B. aero genes B. coli Virtanen and Simola, 1927 Clostridium pasteurianum Donker, 1926 B. coli communis Young, 1924 B. acetoethylicum Donker, 1926 B. poly my X a Donker, 1926 Asp. niger Heinze, 1903 B. granulobacter pectinovorum, Weizmann Donker, 1926 B. butylicus Buchner and Meisenheimer, iqo8 INDEX TO PRODUCTS "3 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Acetic ac. ( cont.) dextrose B. dysenteriae, Shiga-Kruse Bergh, 1929 dextrose B. coli communis Grey, 191 8 dextrose B. typhosus Harden, 1901 dextrose B. typhosum Scheffer, 1928 dextrose B. coli Scheffer, 1928 dextrose B. dysenteriae, Shiga-Kruse Scheffer, 1928 dextrose B. aerogenes Scheffer, 1928 dextrose B. coli communis Harden, 1899 dextrose Oidium lupuli Sumiki, 1927 dextrose B. coli Grimbert, #896 dextrose CI. Pasteurianum Winogradsky, 1902 dextrose Friedlander's pneumococcus Frankland, Stanley and Frew, 1891 dextrose Serratia marcescens Pederson and Breed, 1928 dextrose, galactose, lactic ac, Lactobacillus pentoaceticus mannose Peterson and Fred, 1920 dextrose, gluconic ac, manni- B. lactis aerogenes tol, saccharic ac. Kay, 1926 dextrose. glycerol, lactic ac Propionibacterium Freudenreichii Propionibacterium Peterssonii Propionibacterium Shermanii Propionibacterium Thonii van Niel, 1928 114 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products MlCROORGANISMS Substrates Authors Acetic ac (cont.) dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac, Propionibacterimn Jensenii pyruvic ac. van Niel, 1928 dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac. Propionibacterium technicum pyruvic ac, starch van Niel, 1928 dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac • Propicnibacterium pentosaceum van Niel, 1928 dextrose, lactic ac. Propionibacterium rubrum van Niel, 1928 dextrose, lactose, maltose, man- B. tartriciis nitol, sucrose Grimbert, 1901 dextrose, lactic ac, lactose. py- Bad. acidi propionici, v?Lr.fuscum ruvic ac. Virtanen, 1923 dextrose, levulose Bad. pyocyaneus Aubel, 1921 dextrose, mannitol B. coli communis Grey, 191 8 dextrose, mannitol B. ethacdicus Frankland and Lumsden,i892 dextrose, mannitol B. cloacae B. coli B. ladis aerogenes Thompson, 191 2 dextrose, mannitol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Walpole, 1906 dextrose, gluconic ac, glycu- B. coli communis ronic ac, mannitol, saccha- Kay, 1926 ric ac. dextrose, starch, sucrose B. acdodhylicum Arzberger, Peterson and Fred, 1920 dulcitol Pneumobacillus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 dulcitol, mannitol B. dhacdosuccinicus Frankland and Frew, 1892 ethyl ale Bad. aceti Brown, 1886 INDEX TO PRODUCTS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Acetic ac. (cont.) ethyl ale. Acetobacter, sp.? Knieriem and Mayer, 1872 Buehner and Gaunt, 1906 Day and Baker, 19 13 Sohngen, 1913 ethyl ale. Acetobacter suboxydans visser't Hooft, 1925 ethyl ale. Bad. aceti viscosum Day and Baker, 1913 ethyl ale. B. aceti (Hansen) Buehner and Gaunt, 1913 ethyl ale. B. Kiitzingianum Mayer, 1898 ethyl ale. B. Pastenrianum Mayer, 1898 ethyl ale. B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 fumarie ae. B. pyocyaneus Quastel, 1924 glycerie ac. yeast Lebedev, 191 8 glycerol B. coli communis Grey, 1923 glycerol Bact. aerogenes Bad. coli Bact. Freundii Braak, 1928 glycerol B. ladis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 glycerol, lactic ae. Amylobacter butylicus Duelaux, 1895 i-inositol B. lactis Hewitt and Steabben, 1921 lactic ac. Acetobacter melanogenum Acetobacter suboxydans ii6 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Acetic ac. (cont.) Acetobacter xylinum Visser't Hooft, 1925 lactic ac. B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 lactic ac. B. acidi propionici B. acidi propionici-b B. acidi p7'opionici-a von Freudenreich and Jensen, 1906 lactic ac. B. ethacetosuccinicus Maze, 1 913 lactic ac. B. casei B. mobilis Micrococcus casei liquefaciens Orla-Jensen, 1904 lactose Bact. acidi propionici Sherman and Shaw, 1923 lactose B lactis aerogenes Emmerling, 1900 lactose B. coli Grimbert, 1896 lactose, maltose, mannitol. Amylobacter butylicus starch, sucrose Duclaux, 1895 levulose Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 malic ac. B. coli communis Grey, 1923 malic ac. B. lactis aerogenes Emmerling, 1899 malic ac. Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 malonic ac. B. coli communis Grey, 1923 mannitol Pneumobacillus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 117 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Acetic ac. (cont.) mannitol Friedlander's pneumococcus Frankland, Stanley and Frevi^, 1 89 1 mannitol Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 mannitol B. ethaceticus Frankland, Stanley and Frew, 1891 mannitol, glycerol B. ethaceticus Frankland and Fox, 1889 pyruvic ac. Bact. coli Aubel, 1924 pyruvic ac. B. coli, B. proteus vulgatus B. pyocyaneus Cambier and Aubel, 1922 pyruvic ac. Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 pyruvic ac. Rhizopus nigricans Gottschalk, 1925 pyruvic ac. yeast Lebedev and Polonski, 1917 quinic ac. . Schizomycetes Loew, 1 88 1 starch B. suaveolens Sclavo and Gosio, 1891 starch B. subtilis Fitz, 1878 starch Pectinobacter amylophilum Makrinov, 191 5 succinic ac. B. coli communis Grey, 1923 succinic ac. B. casei Micrococcus casei liquefaciens Orla-Jensen, 1904 ii8 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Acetic ac. (cont.) sucrose Aerobacter Jaeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 sucrose B. invertenti-lattici B. invertenti-acetici Mezzadroli, 1917 sucrose Diplococcus pneumoniae Brieger, 1883 sucrose Amylobacter ethylicus Duclaux, 1895 sucrose Sacc. Sake^ Zygosacc. major. Zygosacc. salsus Kumagawa, 1922 sucrose yeast Kostytschew and Frey, 1925 tartaric ac. B. coli communis Grey, 1923 tartaric ac. B. tartricus Grimbert and Ficquet, 1898 tartaric ac. Bad. termo Konig, 1 88 1 xylose Pneumobacillus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 xylose Lactobacillus pentoaccticus Fred, Peterson and Daven- port, 1919 xylose Aerobacter Jaeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 xylose B. lactis aerogenes, B. paratyphoid B. typhosus Fred and Peterson, 1920 ACETOACETIC AC. butyric ac. Asp. niger Coppock, Subramaniam and Walker, 1928 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 119 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors ACETOIN See acetylmethyl carbinol ACETOL See acetyl carbinol Acetone arabinose, dextrin, dextrose, B. acetoethylicum galactose, glycerol, lactic Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, ac, levulose, maltose, man- 1919 nose, raffinose, starch, su- crose, xylose arabinose, dextrose, galactose, B. granulobacter pectinovorum mannitol, starch xylose Speakman, 1923 arabinose, xylose B. granulobacter pectinovorum Peterson, Fred and Schmidt, 1924 butyric ac. Asp. niger Coppock, Subramaniam and Walker, 1928 2, 3-butylene glycol Acetobacter suboxydans Acetobacter xylinum visser't Hooft, 1925 citric ac. Asp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 dextrose CI. pasteurianum Donker, 1926 dextrose B. granulobacter pectinovorum Donker, 1926 dextrose B. acetoethylicum Donker, 1926 dextrose B. polymyxa Donker, 1926 dextrose, maltose B. acetoethylicum Speakman, 1925 1 20 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Acetone (cent.) dextrose, starch, sucrose B. acetoethylicMn Arzberger, Peterson and Fred, 1920 isopropyl ale. Acetobacter xylinum visser't Hooft, 1925 oxalacetic ac. yeast Neuberg and Gorr, 1925 starch CI. acetobutylicum Killeffer, 1927 starch, sucrose B. acetoethylicus B. macerans Bakonyi, 1926 sucrose B. invert enti-acetici Mezzadroli, 191 7 xylose Acetobacter xylinum^ B. vulgatus Fred, Peterson and x-^nderson, 1923 Acetone dicarboxylic ac. citric ac. Asp. niger Walker, Subramaniam and Challenger, 1927 Acetyl carbinol d-1-propylene glycol Mycoderyna aceti Kling, 1 901, 1905 Acetyl chlorbenzyl carbinol chlorobenzaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Liebermann, 1921 ACETYLMETHYL CARBINOL acetaldehyde, sucrose yeast Neuberg and Simon, 1925 adonitol, mannitol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 arabinose, dextrose, galactose, B. cloacae isodulcite, mannose B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 121 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors ACETYLMETHYL CARBINOL (cont.) 2, 3-butylene glycol Mycoderma aceti Kling, 1905 dextrose B. lactis aerogenes Neuberg, Nord and Wolff, 1920 dextrose Serratia marcescens Pederson and Breed, 1928 dextrose B. granulobacter pectinovorum^ Weizmann Donker, 1926 dextrose B. acetoethylicum Donker, 1926 dextrose B. poly my X a Donker, 1926 dextrose B. aerogenes B. cloacae Scheffer, 1928 dextrose, lactic ac. B. proteus, B. subtilis Lemoigne, 1923 dextrose, lactose, maltose, B. tartriciis mannitol, sucrose Grimbert, 1901 dextrose, levulose B. lactis aerogenes Walpole, 191 1 dextrose, levulose Sarcina ventriculi Smit, 1928 dextrose, levulose yeast Kluyver, Donker and Hooft 1925 dextrose, levulose, sucrose. yeast acetaldehyde Neuberg and Reinfurth, 1923 dextrose, mannitol B. cloacae Thompson, 191 2 dextrose, mannitol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Walpole, 1906 dextrose, mannitol B. mesentericus vulgatus B. subtilis 122 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products MlCROORGANISMS Substrates Authors ACETYLMETHYL CARBINOL (cont.) Tyrothrix tenuis Harden and Norris, 191 2 dextrose, gluconic ac, man- B. lactis aerogenes nitol, saccharic ac. Kay, 1926 glycerol Tyrothrix tenuis Harden and Norris, 191 2 levulose yeast Kluyver and Donker, 1924 maltose, sucrose B. anthracis man nitol oxalacetic ac. pyruvic ac. sucrose sucrose, xylose Acrolein glycerol Lemoigne, 1919 B. mesentericus vulgatus Harden and Norris, 191 2 yeast Neuberg and Gorr, 1924 yeast Hirsch, 1922 B. subtilis Lemoigne, 19 13 Aerobacter Jaeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 B. Welchii Humphreys, 1924 glycerol B. amaracrylus Voisenet, 191 8 Acrylaldehyde See acrolein Adoninulose adonitol Acetobacter suboxydans Visser't Hooft, 1925 Aldol pyruvic ac. yeast Neuberg, 1912 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 123 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors d-AMYL ALC. d-1-methylethyl acetaldehyde B. -pasteurianum Neuberg and Simon, 1926 I-AmYL ALC. methylethylacetaldehyde B. xylinum Neuberg and Simon, 1926 methylethyl pyruvic ac. yeast Neuberg and Peterson, 19 14 1-AmYL ALC. methylethylacetalde ^hyde B. ascendens Neuberg and Simon, 1926 H-AmYL ALC. glycerol B. butylicus Morin, 1887 a-keto-n-caproic ac. yeast Sen, 1923 n-valeraldehyde yeast Neuberg and Nord, 1914 valeraldehyde yeast Neuberg and Steenbock, 1914 Amylobiose starch Sacc. Sake Sjoberg, 1927 Arabin raffinose, sucrose B. spongiosus Ruhland, 1906 Arabonic AC arabinose sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 Benzaldehyde phenylglyoxalic ac. yeast Binder-Kotrba, 1926 124 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Benzoin benzil yeast Neuberg and Nord, 191 9 Benzyl alc. benzaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Welde, 19 14 2, 3-BuTANEDIOL See 2, 3-butyleneglycol Butyl alc. arabinose, dextrose, galactose. B. granulobacter pectinovorum mannltol, starch, xylose Speakman, 1923 arabinose, xylose B. granulobacter pectinovorum Peterson, Fred and Schmidt, 1924 dextrose B. granulobacter pectinovorum B. polymyxa Donker, 1926 dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac. B. butylicus propionic ac. Neuberg and Arinstein, 1921 glycerol B. butylicus Buchner and Meisenheimer. 1908 glycerol B. butylicus Morin, 1887 glycerol Mucor racemosus Fitz, 1876 glycerol, lactic ac. Amylobacter butylicus Duclaux, 1895 glycerol, mannitol Bact. butylicus Emmerling, 1897 lactose maltose, mannitol. starch, sucrose B. butylicus Fitz, 1882 Amylobacter butylicus Duclaux, 1895 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 125 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Butyl alc. (cont.) starch CI. acetobutylicum Killeffer, 1927 starch Pectinobacter amylophilum Makrinov, 191 5 starch Graniilobacter butylicum Folpmers, 1921 /3-Butylene glycol See I, 3-butylene glycol I, 3-BUTYLENE GLYCOL acetylmethyl carbinol yeast Neuberg and Kobel, 1925 2, 3-BUTYLENE GLYCOL acetaldehyde Bact. ascendens Binder-Kotrba, 1926 acetaldehyde B. lact'ts aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 acetaldol yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 191 8 adonitol, mannitol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 arabinose, dextrose, galactose, B. lactis aerogenes isodulcite, mannose Harden and Norris, 1912 arabinose, levulose. galactose, B. cloacae isodulcite, mannose Harden and Norris, 191 2 dextrose B. lactis aerogenes Neuberg, Nord and Wolff, 1920 dextrose, levulose B. lactis aerogenes Walpole, 1911 dextrose Serratia marcescens Pederson and Breed, 1928 126 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors 2, 3,-BUTYLENE GLYCOL (cont.) dextrose B. acetoethylicum B. polymyxa CI. pasteurianum Granulobacter saccharobutyricum Donker, 1926 dextrose dextrose, levulose B. aerogenes, B. cloacae Scheffer, 1928 yeast Kluyver, Donker and Hooft, dextrose, dextrose, manni mann tol tol 1925 B. cloacae Thompson, 191 2 B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Walpole, 1906 ethylene glycol. glycerol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 glycerol Bact. aerogenes Braak, 1928 glycerol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 lactic ac. B. mesentericus Lemoigne, 19 13 lactic ac. B. subtilis Lemoigne, 1923 levulose yeast Kluyver and Donker, 1924 oxalacetic ac. yeast Neuberg and Gorr, 1924 sucrose B. subtilis Lemoigne, 191 2 sucrose yeast Henninger, 1888 sucrose, xylose Aerobacter faeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 127 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Butyric ac. arabinose, dextrose, galactose. B. granulobacter pectinovorum mannitol, starch, xylose Speakman, 1923 butyl ale. B. Kiitzingianufn Mayer, 1898 butyl ale. B. pasteurianum B. Kiitzingianum Seifert, 1897 butyl ale. Acetobacter ryielanogenum visser't Hooft, 1925 cellulose Bad. cellaresolvens Bad. opalescens Groenewege, 1923 cellulose Clostridiii m th ermocellu m Viljoen, Fred and Peterson, 1926 cellulose B. cellulosae dissolvens Khouvine, 1923 dextrose B. butylicus Buchner and Meisenheimer, 1908 dextrose Bad. thermobutyricus Coolhaas, 1928 dextrose B. granulobacter pectinovorum, CI. pastewianujn Granulobacter saccharobutyricum Donker, 1926 dextrose CI. Pasteurianum Winogradsky, 1902 dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac. B. butylicus propionic ac. Neuberg and Arinstein, 1921 dextrose, glycerol B. subtilis Vandevelde, 1884 glycerol, lactic ac. Amylobacter butylicus Duclaux, 1895 glycerol, mannitol, sucrose B. butylicus Fitz, 1882 T28 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Butyric ac. (cont.) lactose, maltose, mannitol, Amylobacter butylicus starch, sucrose Duclaux, 1895 levulose Sarcina maxima Smit, 1928 starch B. suaveolens Sclavo and Gosio, 1891 starch B. subtilis Fitz, 1878 tartaric ac. yeast Karczag, 191 2 xylose B. paratyphoid B. typhosus Fred and Peterson, 1920 Caproic AC dextrose, glycerol. lactic ac, B. butylicus propionic ac. Neuberg and Arinstein, 1921 Caprylic AC. dextrose, glycerol. lactic ac, B. butylicus propionic ac. Neuberg and Arinstein, 1921 Cellobiose cellulose Bad. cellaresolvens Bact. opalescens Groenwege, 1923 Cellulose dextrose, levulose, mannitol Bact. xylinum Brown, 1886 Chlorobenzoic AC. chlorobenzaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Liebermann, 1921 Chlorobenzyl alc. chlorobenzaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Liebermann, 1921 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 129 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors CiNNAMIC ALC. cinnamic aldehyde yeast Rona, 1914 Citric ac. arabinose, dextrose, galactose. Asp. niger glycerose, levulose, maltose, Amelung, 1927 mannose, sucrose xylose arabinose, glycerol. lactose. Citromyces., sp.? mannose, sucrose Wehmer, 1913 arabinose, glycerol, mannitol. Asp. niger., Citromyces glaber sucrose Butkewitsch, 1923 dextrose Asp. cinnamoneus Asp.Juscus Asp. niger Falck and Kapur, 1924 dextrose Asp. niger Wehmer, 1924 dextrose Asp. niger Elfving, 1919 dextrose Citromyces., sp.? Martin, 1916 dextrose Citromyces citricus Buchner and Wustenfeld,i909 dextrose Citromyces glaber Butkewitsch, 1922 dextrose Citromyces Pfefferianus Buchner and Wustenfeld,i909 dextrose Mucor piriformis P enicillium luteum Wehmer, 1897 dextrose Citromyces citricus Citromyces lacticus Citromyces oxalicus Citromyces tartricus Maze and Perrier, 1904 dextrose, gluconic ac ., glyceric Asp. fumaricus ac, glycerol, lactic ac. Schreyer, 1928 mannitol CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Citric ac. ( cont.) dextrose, sucrose Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1928 ethyl ale Citromyces citricus Citromyces tartricus Maze and Perrier, 1904 gluconic ac. Asp. niger Walker, Subramaniam and Challenger, 1927 gluconic ac. Asp.Jumaricus Schreyer, 1925 glycerol Citromyces citricus Maze and Perrier, 1904 saccharic ac. Asp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 sucrose Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1926 sucrose Asp. niger Butkewitsch, 1924 sucrose Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1924 sucrose Asp. niger Currie, 1917 sucrose Citromyces., sp.? Filosofov and Malinovski, 1928 sucrose Citromyces., sp.? Maze, 1909 sucrose Asp.Jumaricus Wehmer, 1918, 1928 sucrose Citromyces citricus Citromyces glaber Citromyces Pfefferianus Penicillium glaucum Butkewitsch, 1922 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 131 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Citric ac. (cont.) sucrose Citro7nyces glaber Penicillium glaucian Butkewitsch, 1927 sucrose Sterigrnatocystis nigra Molliard, 1922 Citronella Oil (or alc.) a-ci tronellaldehyde yeast Mayer and Neuberg, 191 5 Dextrin dihydroxyacetone S. ludwigii Neuberg and Kobel, 1928 starch B. amylobacter Villiers, 1891 Dextrose starch B. ant hr acts - Maumus, 1893 phloridzin Asp. niger Cladosporium., sp.? Boas, 191 6 a, a, DICHLORPROPYL ALC. a, a, dichloracetone yeast Sen, 1924 gluconic ac. Acetobacter sp? Sohngen, 1914, 1915 Dihydroxyacetone glycerol Acetobacter suboxydans Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 glycerol sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1904 glycerol B. xylinum Bernhauer and Schon, 1928 glycerol B. dioxyacetonicum B. xylinum Virtanen and Barlund, 1926 132 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors DiHYDROXYACETONE (cont.) glycerol glycerol glycerol Acetobacter suboxydans Bad. xylinum Brit, patent 269,950 Bact. xylinwn Bertrand and Sazerac, 1901 sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 Erythrose erythritol Acetobacter suboxydans Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 Erythrulose erythritol Ethyl alc. acetaldehyde Sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898, 1900 yeast Kostytschew and Hubbenet, arabinose arabinose, dextrin dextrose, 1912 B. ethaceticus Frankland and MacGregor, 1892 B. acetoethylicum galactose, glycerol, lactic Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, ac, levulose, ma nose, raffinose, Itose, man- starch, su- 1919 crose, xylose arabinose, dextrose galactose, B. coli communis levulose, mannitol cellulose Harden, 1901 Clostridium thermocellum Viljoen, Fred and Peterson, cellulose 1926 B. celhdosae dissolvens citric ac. Khouvine, 1923 B. coli communis dextrin, starch Grey, 1923 Mucor circinelloides ( ?) Gayon and Dubourg, 1886 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 133 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Ethyl alc. (cont.) dextrose Asp. niger Kostytschew, 1907 dextrose B. coli communis Grey and Young, 1921 dextrose B. aerogenes B. coli Virtanen and Simola, 1927 dextrose B. coli Grimbert, 1896 dextrose B. coli communis Harden, 1899 dextrose B. dysenteriae, Shiga-Kruse Bergh, 1928 dextrose B. aectoethylicum B. granulobacter pectinovorum Weizmann B. poly my X a Clostridium pasteurianum Donker, 1926 dextrose B. aerogenes B. cloacae B. coli B. dysenteriae, Shiga-Kruse B. Freundii B. typhosus SchefFer, 1928 dextrose Oidium lupuli^ Sumiki, 1927 dextrose Rhizopus, sp.? Takahashi and Sakaguchi, 1927 dextrose yeast Rimini, 1926 dextrose B. coli communis Grey, 1918 134 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Ethyl alc. (cont.) dextrose B. of malignant oedema Kerry and Frankel, 1890 dextrose Friedlander's pneumococcus Frankland, Stanley and Frew, 1891 dextrose Rhizopus, sp.? Nill, 1927 dextrose Fusarium lini Anderson and Willaman, 1922 dextrose B. typhosus Harden, 1901 dextrose Serratia marcescens Pederson and Breed, 1928 dextrose, galactose, mannose Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 dextrose, gluconic ac, glycerol, B. coli communis mannitol Kay, 1926 dextrose, gluconic ac, mannitol B. lac t is aerogenes Kay, 1926 dextrose, lactose, maltose. B. tartricus mannitol, sucrose Grimbert, 1901 dextrose, levulose Bact. pyocyaneus Aubel, 1921 dextrose, levulose Sarcina ?naxima Sarcina ventriculi Smit, 1928 dextrose, maltose B. acetoethylicum Speakman, 1925 dextrose, mannitol B. coli communis Grey, 191 8 dextrose, mannitol B. cloacae^ B. coli B. lactis aerogenes Thompson, 1912 dextrose, mannitol B. ethaceticus Frankland and Lumsden,i892 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 135 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Ethyl alc. (cont.) dextrose mannitol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Walpole, 1906 dextrose starch, sucrose B. acetoethylicum Arzberger, Peterson and Fred, 1920 dextrose sucrose Mucor mucedo Mucor racemosus Mucor stolonifer Kostytschew and Eliasberg, 1920 dulcitol Pneumobacillus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 gluconic ac. Acetobacter, sp.? Sohngen, 1914, 1915 glyceric \c. yeast Lebedev, 191 8 glycerol B. coli communis Grey, 1923 glycerol Bad., aerogenes Bad. coli Bad. Freundii Braak, 1928 glycerol B. ladis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 glycerol Mucor racemosus Fitz, 1876 glycerol yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 1913 glycerol, mannitol yeast Kostytschew and Faermann, 1928 i-inositol B. lactis Hewitt and Steabben, 1921 ketobutyric ac. - yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 1914 136 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Ethyl Alc. (cont.) lactic ac. B. ethacetosuccinicus Maze, 1 9 13 lactic ac. lactose yeast Kayser, 1923 B. coli lactose, maltose, mannitol, Grimbert, 1896 Amylobacter butylicus starch, sucrose Duclaux, 1895 malic ac. B. coli communis malonic ac. Grey, 1923 B. coli communis mannitol Grey, 1923 Pneumobacillus of Friedlander mannitol Grimbert, 1896 B. ethaceticus Frankland, Stanley and Frew, mannitol, glycerol 1891 B. ethaceticus Frankland and Fox, 1889 man nose yeast Mezzadroli, 191 8 pyruvic ac. yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 19 13 pyruvic ac. starch yeast Lebedev and Polonski, 1917 Granulobacterium hutylicum starch Folpmers, 1921 Clostridium acetobutylicum Killeffer, 1927 starch, sucrose B. acetoethylicus B. ?nacerans sucrose Bakonyi, 1926 Amylobacter ethylicus Duclaux, 1895 sucrose B. invertenti-acetici Mezzadroli, 1917 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 137 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Ethyl alc. (cont.) sucrose Mucor racemosus Emmerling, 1897 sucrose Mucor racemosus Fitz, 1876 sucrose Aerobacterjaeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 sucrose Mucor mucedo Fitz, 1873 sucrose yeast Gehle, 1922 sucrose Sacc. Sake Zygosacc. major Zygosacc. sa/sus Kumagawa, 1922 sucrose Penicillium glaucum Kostytschew and Afanassje- wa, 1922 tartaric ac. B. coli communis Grey, 1923 xylose Acetobacter xylinum, B. vulgatus Fred, Peterson and Anderson, 1923 xylose Aerobacterjaeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 xylose B. lactis aero genes B. paratyphoid B. typhosus Fred and Peterson, 1920 xylose Pneumobacillus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 Ethylene glycol glycolaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Schwenk, 191 5 138 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Ethyl mercaptan ethyl disulfide yeast Neuberg and Schwenk, 191 5 thioacetaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Nord, 1914 Formaldehyde acetic ac. B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 Formic ac. acetic ac, acetone B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 arabinose, dextrin, dextrose. B. acetoethylicwn galactose, glycerol, lactic Northrop, Ashe and Morgan, ac, levulose, maltose, man- 1919 nose, raffinose, starch. sucrose, xylose dextrose B. aerogenes^ B. colt Virtanen and Simola, 1927 dextrose B. coli communis Grey, 191 8 dextrose B. coli communis Franzen and Kahlenberg,i9i6 dextrose B. coli communis Grey and Young, 1921 dextrose B. prodigiosus Franzen and Egger, 1924 dextrose B. typhosus Harden, 1901 dextrose Friedlander's pneumococcus Frankland, Stanley and Frew, 1891 dextrose Serratia marcescens Pederson and Breed, 1928 dextrose B. dysenteriae, Shiga-Kruse Bergh, 1928 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 139 Products MlCROORGANISMS Substrates Authors Formic ac. (cent.) dextrose B. acetoethylicum B. granulobacter pectinovorum, Weizmann Clostridium pasteiirianum Granulobacter sac char obutyricum Donker, 1926 dextrose B. aerogenes B. cloacae B. colt B. dysenteriae , Shiga-Kruse B. Freundii B. polymyxa B. typhosum Scheffer, 1928 dextrose, gluconic ac. , glycur- B. coli communis onic ac, mannitol, sacchar- Kay, 1926 ic ac. dextrose, gluconic ac. , manni- B. lactis aerogenes tol, saccharic ac. Kay, 1926 dextrose, levulose Bact. pyocyaneus Aubel, 1 92 1 dextrose, levulose Sarcina maxima S arc in a ventriculi Smit, 1928 dextrose, mannitol B. cloacae^ B. coli B. lactis aerogenes Thompson, 191 2 dextrose, mannitol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Walpole, 1906 dextrose, starch, sucrose B. acetoethylicum Arzberger, Peterson and Fred, 1920 glycerol Bact. aerogenes Bact. coli Bact. Freundii Braak, 1928 I40 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Formic ac. Ccont.) glycerol B. butylicus Buchner and Meisenheimer, glycerol 1908 B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 glycerol B. coli co7nmunis Grey, 1923 lactic ac. B. ethacetosuccinicus Maze, 1 913 mannitol, glycerol B. ethaceticus Frankland and Fox, 1889 methyl ale. B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 pyruvic ac. B. coli, B. pyocyaneus Cambier and Aubel, 1922 pyruvic ac. Bad. coli Aubel, 1924 quinic ac. Schizomycetes Loew, 1 88 1 starch Pectinobacter amylophilum Makrinov, 1915 starch B. suaveolens Sclavo and Gosio, 1891 succinic ac. B. coli communis sucrose Grey, 1923 Aerobacter Jaeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 xylose B. paratyphoid B. typhosus Fred and Peterson, 1920 xylose Aerobacter facni Breden, l^\dmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 141 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors FUMARIC AC. arabinose, galactose Asp.fumaricus Schreyer, 1928 dextrose, levulose Rhizopus nigricans Ehrlich, 1912 malic ac, succinic ac. B. coli communis Quastel and Whetham, 1924 pyruvic ac. Rhizopus nigricafjs Gottschalk, 1925 sucrose Jsp.fumaricus Wehmer, 19 18, 1928 FURFURYL ALC. furfural yeast Lintner and Liebig, 1911 FURYLTRIMETHYLENEGLYCOL furfural yeast Lintner and Liebig, 1913 Galactonic AC. galactose sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 Geraniol citral yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 191 8 qt-Glucoheptulose a-glucoheptite Sorbose bacterium Bertrand and Nitzberg, 1928 Gluconic ac. arabinose, dextrose, glycerol, Jsp. niger levulose, mannose sucrose Bernhauer, 1928 dextrose Asp. cinnamoneus Asp.Juscus Asp. niger Falck and Kapur, 1924 dextrose Bad. aceti Brown, 1886 142 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products MiCROORGANISlCiS Substrates Authors Gluconic ac. (cent.) dextrose Acetobacter, sp.? Day and Walker, 1913 SShngen, 1914, 1915 dextrose Bact. aceti viscosum Day and Walker, 1913 dextrose B. Kutzingianum Seifert, 1897 B. Pasteurianum Mayer, 1898 dextrose B. xylinum Bernhauer and Schon, 1929 dextrose Bact. acctigenum Bact. acetosum Bact. oxydans Henneberg, 1909 dextrose Penicillium purpurogenum May, Thorn and Church, 1927 dextrose Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1928 dextrose Asp. niger Miiller, 1925 dextrose Mycoderrna aceti Boutroux, 1880 dextrose Penicillium purpurogenum Herrick and May, 1928 dextrose Sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 sucrose Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1926 sucrose Citromyces glaber Pen icilliu m gla ucu m Butkewitsch, 1927 sucrose Asp.Jumaricus Wehmer, 1928 sucrose Asp. niger Butkewitsch, 1924 INDEX TO PRODUCTS A3 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Gluconic ac. (cent.) sucrose Jsp. niger Bernhauer, 1924, 1926 ■ Glyceric ac. glycerol B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 Glycerol dextrose yeast Oppenheimer, 1913 dextrose, sucrose yeast Neuberg and Hirsch, 191 9 galactose yeast Tomita, 1921 sucrose Mucor racemosus Emmerling, 1897 sucrose Sacc. ellipsoideus Adams, 1919 sucrose Sacc. Sake, Zygosacc. major Zygosacc. sa/sus Kumagawa, 1922 sucrose Sterigmatocystis nigra Molliard, 1922 sucrose yeast Zerner, 1920 sucrose yeast Abderhalden and Stix, 1922 sucrose yeast Gehle, 1922 sucrose yeast Neuberg and Reinfurth, 1923 sucrose yeast Buchner and Meisenheimer, 1906 sucrose yeast Tomoda, 1928 144 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Glycogen dextrose Sacc. Ludwigii Gottschalk, 1925 Glycolaldehyde dihydroxymaleic ac. yeast Neuberg and Schwenk, 191 5 hydroxy-pyruvic ac. yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 1913 Glycollic AC. acetic ac, citric ac. Asp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 ethylene glycol B. Kiltztngia?iu7n Seifert, 1897 ethylene glycol B. Pasteurianum Mayer, 1898 oxalic ac, pyruvic ac B. coli B. proteus vulgatiis Cambier and Aubel, 1922 pyruvic ac Bad. coli Aubel, 1924 n-HEPTYL ALC. enanthol yeast Ohta, 1914 n-HEXYL ALC. caproic aldehyde yeast Neuberg and Nord, 1914 /S-Hydroxybutyric AC. acetaldol B. ascendens Binder-Kotrba, 1926 butyric ac Asp. niger Coppock, Walker and Su- bramaniam, 1928 Isobutyl Alc. iso-butylaldehyde yeast Ohta, 1914 INDEX TO PRODUCTS [45 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors ISOBUTYLALDEHYDE a-keto-isovaleric ac. yeast Sen, I 923 ISOBUTYRIC AC. isobutyl ale. Acetobacter melanogenum Visser't Hooft, 1925 Ketogluconic AC. dextrose B. xylinum Bernhauer and Schon, 1929 Keto-heptose arabitol, volemitol sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 Keto-stearic AC. oleic ac. Pen. glaucum Pigulewski and Charik, 1928 Lactic ac. arabinose Lactobacillus arabinosus Fred, Peterson and Anderson, arabinose 1921 Pneumobacillus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 arabinose, dextrose. galactose. B. coli cojnmunis levulose, mannitol Harden, 1901 arabinose, dextrose, galactose, B. granulobacter pectinovorum mannitol, starch xylose Speakman, 1923 arabinose, xylose Lactobacillus pentosus Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Fred, Peterson and x'\nderson. cellulose 1921 Bact. cellaresolvens Bad. opalesccns Groenewege, 1923 dextrose B. ae?-ogenes, B. coli Virtanen and Simola, 1927 dextrose B. coli communis Goto, 1925 dextrose B. coli communis Grey and Young, 1921 146 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Lactic ac. (cont.) dextrose B. coli communis Grey, 191 8, 1920 dextrose B. coli communis Young, 1924 dextrose Serratia marcescens Pederson and Breed, 1928 dextrose B. typhosus Harden, 1901 dextrose B. casei Virtanan and Karstrom, 1928 dextrose B. acetoethylicum B. granulobacter pectinovorum. Weizmann B. poly my xa Granulobacter saccharobutyricum Donker, 1926 dextrose B. coli Grimbert, 1886 dextrose B. coli communis Harden, 1899 dextrose B. coli B. propionicus Lactobacillus^ sp.? Neuberg and Gorr, 1926 dextrose B. aerogencs B. cloacae B. coli B. dysenteriae, Shiga-Kruse B. Freundii B. typhosum Scheffer, 1928 dextrose B. butylicus Buchner and Meisenheimer, 1908 dextrose Lactobacillus leichmanni Allgeier and Peterson, 1930 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 147 PRbDUCTS MlCROORGANISMS Substrates Authors Lactic ac. (cont.) dextrose B. coli Pere, 1898 dextrose Rhizopus chinensis Saito, 1911 dextrose B. of malignant oedema King and Frankel, 1890 dextrose Streptococcus lactis xA.lgeier and Peterson, 1930 dextrose yeast Aubel, 1929 dextrose, dextrin, maltose, su- B. Delbriicki crose B. lactis acidi Henneberg, 1903 dextrose, dihydroxyacetone, yeast glyceraldehyde Oppenheimer, 1913 dextrose, galactose, mannose Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 dextrose, gluconic ac. glycur- B. coli communis onic ac, mannitol. saccha- Kay, 1926 ric ac. dextrose, gluconic ac. manni- B. lactis aerogenes tol, saccharic ac. Kay, 1926 dextrose, glycerol B. subtilis Vandevelde, 1884 dextrose, lactose, maltose, man- B. tartricus nitol, sucrose Grimbert, 1901 dextrose, levulose Clostridium thermocellum Peterson, Fred and Marten, 1926 dextrose, levulose Sarcina maxima S arc in a ventriculi Smit, 1928 dextrose, mannitol B. coli communis Grey, 191 8 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Lactic ac. (cont.) dextrose, manni tol B. cloacae, B. coli B. lactis aerogenes Thompson, 191 2 dextrose, manni tol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Walpole, 1906 dextrose, starch , sucrose B. acetoethylicum Arzberger, Peterson and Fred, 1920 galactose B. coli Pere, 1898 glycerol Bad. aerogenes B. coli B. Freundii Braak, 1928 glycerol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 glycerol B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 glycerol B. coli commnyiis Grey, 1923 glycerol B. butylicus Buchner and Meisenheimer, 1908 inositol B. lactis aerogenes Kumagawa, 1922 lactose Bad. caucasicum Kostytschew and Soldaten- kov, T927 lactose B. coli Grim her t, 1896 lactose B. coli Pere, 1898 lactose B. lactis acidi Henneberg, 1903 lactose, maltose, mannitol, Amylobacter butylicus starch , sucrose Duclaux, 1895 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 149 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Lactic ac. (cont.) levulose Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 levulose Bact. pyocyaneus Aubel, 1921 malic ac. Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 malic ac. yeast Lebedev and Russ, 191 6 malonic ac. B. coli communis Grey, 1925 mannitol B. coli ' Pere, 1898 mannitol Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 mannitol Pneumobacillus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 mannose B. coli Per6, 1898 methylglyoxal Bact. pasteurianum Gorr and Perlman, 1926 methylglyoxal Bact. coli Neuberg and Gorr, 1925 methylglyoxal B. coli B. propionicus Lactobacillus, sp.? Neuberg and Gorr, 1927 methylglyoxal B. Delbriicki Bact. lactis aerogenes Neuberg and Simon, 1927 methylglyoxal yeast Neuberg and Kobel, 1927, 1929 methylglyoxal yeast Neuberg, 1913 methylglyoxal yeast Dakin and Dudley, 1913 so CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Lactic ac. (cont.) d-propy lene glycol Bad. termo LeBel, i88i pyruvic ac. B coli.) B. proteus vulgatus Cambier and Aubel, 1922 pyruvic ac. Bact. coli Aubel, 1924 pyruvic ac. B pyocyaneus Aubel, 1924 pyruvic ac. Oidium albicans 0. farinosum 0. gueraldi 0. tenuis Maze and Ruot, 1917 pyruvic ac. Rhizopus nigricans Gottschalk, 1925 starch Pectinobacter amylophiltim Makrinov, 191 5 sucrose Aerobacter Jaeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 sucrose Amylobacter ethy liens Duclaux, 1895 sucrose B. acidi laevolactici Schardinger, 1890 sucrose B. casei E Virtanen, Wichmann and Lindstrom, 1927 sucrose B. coli Virtanen and Simola, 1927 sucrose B. coli Pere, 1898 sucrose B. inve7-tenti-latiici B. invertenti-acetici Mezzadroli, 191 7 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 151 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Lactic ac. (cont.) sucrose Strept. lactis Virtanen, Wichmann and Lindstrom, 1927 sucrose yeast Fernbach and Schoen, 1923 d-tartaric ac. yeast Karczag, 191 2 xylose Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Fred, Peterson andDavenport, 1919 xylose Aerobacterjaeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 xylose B. lactis aerogenes B. paratyphoid B. typhosus Fred and Peterson, 1920 xylose Pneumobacillus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 Levulose mannitol Acet. suboxydans Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 mannitol Sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 mannitol Bact. aceti Brown, 1886 mannitol B. xylinum Malic ac. Hoyer, 1898 fumaric ac Asp. niger Challenger and Klein, 1929 oxalacetic ac yeast Neuberg and Gorr, 1924 sucrose Asp.fumaricus Wehmer, 1928 sucrose yeast Kostytschew and Frey, 1925 I 52 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Malic ac. (cont.) sucrose yeast Dakin, 1924 MaNDELIC AC. phenylglyoxal yeast Dakin and Dudley, 19 13 phenylglyoxal Lactobacillus^ sp.? Mayer, 1926 Mannitol dextrose B. subtilis Vandevelde, 1884 levulose Lactobacillus pentoaceticus Peterson and Fred, 1920 Methylethylacetaldehyde methylethyl pyruvic ac yeast Neuberg and Peterson, 1914 d-METHYLETHYLCARBINOL methylethylketone+ sucrose yeast Neuberg and Nord, 191 9 d-METHYLHEXYLCARBINOL methyl-n-hexylketone+sucrose yeast Neuberg and Nord, 191 9 d-METHYLNONYLCARBINOL methylnonylketone+ sucrose yeast Neuberg and Nord, 1919 d-METHYL-n-PROPYI.CARBINOL methyl-n-propyl ketone+ yeast sucrose Neuberg and Nord, 1919 p-METHOXYBENZOIC AC. p-methoxybenzakiehyde yeast Neuberg and Liebermann, 1921 p-METHOXYBENZYL ALC. p-methoxybenzaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Liebermann, 1921 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 53 Products Microorganisms SUSBTRATES Authors Methyl alc. formaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Welde, 1914 Methylchlorethyl alc. methylchlorethyl ketone yeast Santomauro, 1924 O-METHYLCYCLOHEXANOL o-methylcyclohexanone yeast Akamatsu, 1923 Methyl acetol See acetylmethyl carbinol Methylglyoxal lactose Bad. caucasicum Kostytschew and Soldaten- kov, 1927 sucrose B. coli Virtanen and Simola, 1927 Methylphenylethylene glycol methylbenzoyl carbinol yeast Neuberg and Komarewsky, 1927 Oxalic ac. acetic ac Asp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 acetic ac, arabinose, dextrose, Termobacterium aceti ethylene glycol, galactose, Banning, 1902 glycerol, glycollic ac, 1 actic ac, malonic ac. acetic ac, dextrose, eryth ritol, B. industrium ethylene glycol, isolich enin, Banning, 1902 mannitol acetic ac, dextrose, eryth ritol. B. oxydans ethylene glycol, glyc |px7ii lncp> erol. Banning, 1902 acetic ac, dextrose, starch, tartaric ac. ^-Isp. niger Wehmer, i8qi 154 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Oxalic ac. (cont.) acetic ac, fumaric ac, malic Asp. niger ac, succinic ac, tartaric ac. Raistrick and Clark, 1919 acetonedicarboxylic ac. Asp. niger Walker, Subramaniam and Challe nger, 1927 arabinose, dextrose, glycollic B. acetigenum ac. Banning, 1902 arabinose, dextrin, dextrose. B. Kiitzingianum ethylene glycol, galactose. Banning, 1902 glycollic ac, isobutyric ac. isolichenin, lactic ac, malonic ac. arabinose, dextrin, dextrose, B. ace to sum erythritol, ethylene glycol. Banning, 1902 glycollic ac, malonic ac arabinose, dextrose, ethylene- B. ascendens glycol, glycerol, glycollic Banning, 1902 ac, malonic ac, rhamnose arabinose, dextrose, glycerol, B. xylinum levulose, rhamnose Banning, 1902 arabinose, dextrose, erythritol. B. aceti ethylene glycol, glycerol. Banning, 1902 glycollic ac, isobutyric ac, isolichenin, levulose, ma- lonic ac, rhamnose arabinose, dextrose, galactose. Asp. niger glycerose, levulose, maltose. Amelung, 1927 mannose, sucrose, xylose arabinose, gluconic ac, gly- Asp. niger, Citromyces glaber cerol, mannitol, saccharic Amelung, 1927 ac, sucrose citric ac. Citromyces gh 2ber Butkewitsch, 1922 citric ac Asp. niger Challenger, Subramaniam and Walker, 1927 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 55 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Oxalic ac. (cont.) B. Pasteurianum dextrin, dextrose, ethylene giy- col, glycerol. glycollic ac. Banning, 1902 isobutyric ac , malonic ac, sucrose dextrin, dextrose, glycerol, Asp. niger inulin, lactose, mannitol. Elfving, 1 919 sucrose dextrose Asp. niger Wehmer, 1897, 1924 dextrose Asp. niger Heinze, 1903 dextrose Citromyces glaber Butkewitsch, 1922 ethyl ale. Citromyces citricus Citromyces tartricus Maze and Perrier, 1904 raffinose Asp. niger Gillot, 1899 sucrose Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1926 sucrose Asp. niger Currie, 1917 sucrose Asp. niger Butkewitsch, 1923, 1924 sucrose Asp. niger Bernhauer, 1924 sucrose Citromyces citricus Citromyces glaber, Citromyces Pfefferianus.^ Penicillium glaucum Butkewitsch, 1922 sucrose Sterigmatocystis nigra Molliard, 1922 /3-OXYBUTYRIC AC acetaldol • Pact, ascendens Binder-Kotrba, 1926 156 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors OXYGLUCONIC AC. gluconic ac. Acetobacter suboxydans Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 dextrose Micrococcus oblongus Boutroux, 1886 OXYMALTOL glycerol Asp. glaucus Traetta-Mosca and Preti,i92i Perseulose perseitol Sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 d-perseitol Bad. xylinum Bertrand, 1909 1-PHENYLACETYLCARBINOL benzaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Ohle, 1923 Phenylethyl alc. phenylacetaldehyde yeast Neuberg and Welde, 19 14 1-phenylmethylcarbinol acetophenone+ sucrose yeast Neuberg and Nord, 191 9 Phloroglucinol phloridzin Asp. niger, Cladosporium, sp.? Boas, 1916 Phenylpropylaldehyde benzylpyruvic ac. yeast Rona, 1914 Propionaldehyde a-ketobutyric ac. yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 191 2, 1913 Propionic ac. arabinose, xylose Propionibacterium pentosaceum Werkman, Hixon, F'ulmer and Rayburn, 1929 dextrose Diplococcus pneumoniae Brieger, 1883 INDEX TO PRODUCTS 157 Products Substrates Microorganisms Authors Propionic ac. (cent.) dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac dextrose, lactic ac, lactose pyruvic ac. lactic ac lactic ac lactic Propionibacterium Freudenreichii Propionibacteriwn Jensenii Propionibacterium pentosaceum Propionibacterium Peters sonii Propionibacterium rubrum Propionibacterium Shermanii Propionibacterium technicum Propionibacterium Thonii van Niel, 1928 Bact. acidi propionici Virtanen, 1923 B. acidi propionici B. acidi propionici-a B. acidi propionici-b von Freudenreich and Jensen, 1906 B. subtilis Fitz, 1880 B. casei B. mobilis Micrococcus casei liquefaciens Orla-Jensen, 1904 lactose Bact. acidi propionici Sherman and Shaw, 1923 propyl ale Bact. aceti Brown, 1886 propyl ale Acetobacter, sp.? B. aceti (Hansen) Buchner and Gaunt, 1906 propyl ale B. Kiitzingianum B. Pasteurianum Mayer, 1898 d-propylen eglycol Bact. termo LeBel, 1881 pyruvic ac Bact. coli Aubel, 1924 158 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms SUBSTATES Authors Propionic ac. (cent.) quinic ac. Schizomycetes Loew, 1 88 1 succinic ac. B. pyocyaneus Quastel, 1924 succinic ac. B casei Orla-Jensen, 1904 tartaric ac. Bact. termo Konig, 1 88 1 d-tartaric ac. yeast Karczag, 191 2 Propyl alc. glycerol B. butylicus Morin, 1887 a-ketobutyric ac. yeast Neuberg and Kerb, 1914 starch Granulobacterium butylicum Folpmers, 1921 PrOTOCATECHUIC AC. quinic ac. Micrococcus chinicus Emmerling and Abderhalden, 1903 quinic ac. Schizomycetes Loew, 1 88 1 quinic ac. Asp. niger, Asp. oryzae Citromyces glaber Butkewitsch, 1924 Pyrocatechol quinic ac. Asp. niger, Asp. oryzae Citromyces glaber Butkewitsch, 1924 PyRORACEMIC AC. See pyruvic ac. Pyruvic ac. dextrose B. coli Aubel, 1926 INDEX TO PRODUCTS ^S9 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Pyruvic ac. (cont.) dextrose Mycoderma, sp. ? Fernbach and Schoen, 1914 dextrose yeast Fernbach and Schoen, 1920 dextrose, maltose B. acetoethylicum Speakman, 1925 fumaric ac. B. pyocyaneus Quastel, 1924 fumaric ac. B. pyocyaneus Quastel, Stephenson and Whetham, 1925 glycerol B. subtilis Aubel, 1921 lactic ac. Amylomyces rouxii Maze and Ruot, 19 16 lactic ac. B. coli communis B. pyocyaneus Quastel, Stephenson and Whetham, 1925 lactic ac. B. pyocyaneus Supniewski, 1923 lactic ac. Oidium albicans^ O.farinosum 0. gueraldi^ 0. tenuis Maze and Ruot, 1917 lactic ac. yeast Kayser, 1923 lactose Bact. caucasicwn Kostytschew andSoldatenkov, 1927 malic ac. B. fluorescens Beijerinck, 1916 sucrose yeast Fernbach and Schoen, 1913 sucrose yeast Kostytschew and Solda- tenkov, 1928 i6o CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Saccharic ac. gluconic ac Asp. niger Walker, Subramaniam and Challenger, 1927 Sorbose sorbitol Acetobacter suboxydans Kluyver and deLeeuw, 1924 sorbitol B. xyliniim Seifert, 1897, Mayer, 1898 d-sorbitol Sorbose bacterium Bertrand, 1898 Styrol cinnamic ac. Asp. niger Herzog and Ripke, 1908 Succinic ac. acetaldehyde B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 aldehydropropionic ac yeast Neuberg and Ringer, 191 8 arabinose B. ethaceticum Frankland and MacGregor, 1892 arabinose, dextrose, galactose, B. colt communis levulose, mannitol Harden, 1901 citric ac B. coli com?nunis Grey, 1923 citric ac B. suipestijer Brown, Duncan and Henry, 1924 dextrose B. dysenteriae, Shiga-Kruse Bergh, 1928 dextrose B. aerogenes B. coli B. dysenteriae J Shiga-Kruse B. Freundii B. typhosum Scheffer, 1928 INDEX TO PRODUCTS i6i Products Substrates Succinic ac. (cont.) dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose dextrose, gluconic ac, gly- curonic ac, mannitol, sac- charic ac. dextrose, gluconic ac, man- nitol, saccharic ac. dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac. dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac pyruvic ac, starch dextrose, glycerol, lactic ac. dextrose, lactose dextrose, lactose, maltose mannitol, sucrose Microorganisms Authors B. aerogenes, B. coli Virtanen and Simola, 1927 B. coli com?nunis Grey and Young, 1921 B. coli communis Grey, 191 8 B. coli communis Young, 1924 B. typhosus Harden, 1901 Oidium lupuli Sumiki, 1927 Serratia marcescens Pederson and Breed, 1928 B. coli cojnmunis Kay, 1926 B. lactis aerogenes Kay, 1926 Propionibacterium Freudenreichii Propionibacterium pentosaceum Prop ion i bacterium Peters son ii Propionibacterium rubrum Prop ion iba cterium Sh erm anii Prop ion iba cteriu m Than ii van Niel, 1928 Prop ion iba cteriu m technicum van Niel, 1928 Propionibacterium Jensenii van Niel, 1928 Bad. acidi propionici, \a.r.fuscum Virtanen, 1923 B. tartricus Grimbert, 1901 I 62 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Succinic AC (cont.) dextrose, mannitol B. cloacae, B. coli dextrose, mannitol B. B. lactis aerogenes Thompson, 191 2 lactis aerogenes Harden and Walpole, 1906 dextrose, mannitol B. coli communis Grey, 1918 dulcitol Pneumobaci lus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 dulcitol. mannitol B. ethacetosuccinicus Frankland and Frew, 1892 fumaric ac. B. pyocyaneus Quastel, Stephenson and Whetham, 1925 glycerol Bad. aerogenes Bact. colt Bad. Freundii Braak, 1928 glycerol B. lactis aerogenes Harden and Norris, 191 2 glycerol R/ lizopus, sp? Takahashi and Sakaguchi, glycerol B. 1927 sub tills Vandevelde, 1884 glycerol B. coli communis Grey, 1923 inositol B. lactis aerogenes Kumagawa, 1922 i-inositol B. lactis Hewitt and Steabben, 1921 a-ketoglutaric ac. B. xylinum Iwatsuru, 1925 ketoglutaric ac. yeast Neuberg and Ringer, 1914 INDEX TO PRODUCTS ^63 Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Succinic ac. (cont.) lactose B. lactis aerogenes Emmerling, 1900 lactose B. coli Grimbert, 1896 levulose Sarcina maxi?na Smit, 1928 malic ac. B. coli communis Grey, 1923 malic ac. B. lactis aerogenes Emmerling, 1899 mannitol, glycerol B. ethaceticus Frankland and Fox, 1889 starch B. subtilis Fitz, 1878 starch Pectinobacter amylophilum Makrinov, 191 5 sucrose Aerobacter Jaeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 sucrose Mucor jnucedo Fitz, 1873 sucrose Mucor racemosus Emmerling, 1897 sucrose yeast Kostvtschew and Frey, 1925 tartaric ac. B. coli communis Grey, 1923 tartaric ac. B. tartaricus Grimbert and Ficquet, 1898 tartaric ac. Bact. termo Konig, 1 88 1 d-tartaric ac. yeast Karczag, 191 2 xylose Aerobacter Jaeni Breden, Fulmer, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 1 64 CHEMICAL ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS Products Microorganisms Substrates Authors Succinic ac. (cont.) xylose Pneumobacillus of Friedlander Grimbert, 1896 xylose B. paratyphoid, B. typhosus Fred and Peterson, 1920 O-TOLYLACETYL CARBINOL o-tolylaldehyde yeast Behrens and Iwanoff, 1926 p-TOLYLACETYL CARBINOL p-tolylaldehyde yeast Behrens and Iwanoff, 1926 2, 2, 3-TRICHLORBUTANOL 2, 2, 3-trichlorbutylaldehyde yeast Rosenfeld, 1925 Trichlorethylalcohol trichloracetaldehyde yeast Lintner and Liiers, 1913 Trimethylene glycol glycerol Bact. Freundii Braak, 1928 n-VALERALDEHYDE a-keto-n-caproic ac. yeast Sen, 1923 Valeric ac. lactic ac. B. sub tills Fitz, 1880 methyl-ethyl-acetaldehyde B. ascendens B. pasteurianum B. xylinum Neuberg and Simon, 1926 methyl-ethyl pyruvic ac yeast Neuberg and Peterson, 1914 Xylonic AC. xylose Sorbose bacterium Bertrand, T913 Xylose (?) xylan Actino7nyces sp.^ Patrick, Werkman and Hixon, 1930 CHAPTER IV REFERENCES CHAPTER IV REFERENCES Abbott, O. D., The utilization of pentoses by yeasts, and the com- position of plant gums. Univ. of Mo. Agr. Expt. Sta. 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