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SOLIS re - res PRISE SLL SILI L PEN PP ED III IP | ee es : «= Part of page 8, and the whole of pages 8* and 8}, appendec this, are additional to the Third Edition of Dr. Livingstone’ Journal. BRI IIS tals OIL ° ABREU, Asreu, Cypriano di, assists Dr. Livingstone to cross the Quango, 365, 366; kindness and hospitality shown by, to Dr. Livingstone, 366, 367; death of his stepfather, his debts, 440. Abutua, the ancient kingdom of, a gold district, 637. Adanson, longevity ascribed by, to the Mowana, 162. Aérolites observed by Dr. Living- stone, 596. sop, fable of, proof of his African birth, 43. Africa, strong vitality of native races in, 115; permanence of tribes in, 422. —- traversed from east to west by no Europeans, 435. —— true politeness of tribes in the interior, 601; graves in trees, 602. — capabilities of, for exten- sive commerce, 679. Africa, South, Dr. Livingstone em- barks for, 8 ; life in, unfavourable to literary pursuits, 8}; use of personal pronouns among the tribes of, 13, 14; animals of, proper for domestication in Eu- rope, 43. —— advantages offered by, to co- lonists, 97. —— the northern tribes of, the more enlightened on religious subjects, 159. —— tribes of, distributed into three great families, 201. —— superstitions of, more cruel among northern tribes, 318 ; ideas of future existence found in, 319. — watershed of the rivers of, 329. — general view of its geological structure, 474, 4753; geological changes in, 527-529. — decreasing size of animals in north latitudes, 564, 565. Agates common in parts of Africa, 651. : Agriculture, love of the Bechuanas for, 49,50; honoured by the Ba- sutus, 196; common instrument of, 197; skill of the Batonga in, 576. Albinos, cause of their rare occur- rence in South Africa, 576. Ako, the, the slave trade exchanged for trade in wax by, 423. Alfacinya, a water plant impeding the navigation of the Shire, 641 ; floating from the Shire into the Zambesi, 663. Alligators of the Zouga, 69 ; alliance of with the “setula-tsipi,’ 239 5 of the Leeambye, the most sa- vage, narrow escape from, 254; superstitiously regarded by the Africans, 255; used as food by the Barotse, 255 ; mode of rearing their young, of seizing prey, 267 ; the young described, eggs, used as food, dangers from, 263. INDEX. nen ee orn ANTELOPE, Amaral, General, law enforced by, 432. Amuaryllis, toxicaria, use, served by its silky down, 112. Ambaca, Dr. Livingstone’s guide to, his character and behaviour, 375, 376; arrival at the village of, 381; kind reception of the Commandant, 382; population of the district, 382; arrival at, 418 ; departure from, 419. Ambakistas, inhabitants of Am- baca, 375; good education of, 441, 442, Ambonda, the family of the Mam- bari, 218; situation of their country, their language, 269. Ambriz, timidity of the people, 397 ; cotton seed destroyed at, 4145 its breed of large cattle, 565. America, Angola, the future rival of its cotton-growing states, 437 ; best means of opposing slavery in, 679. Amygdaloid, dyke of, across the Leeambye, 233. Andersson, Mr., Sebituane’s attempt to meet, 85. Angola, vine of, with tuberous root, 47; mowana trees of, 163; dialect spoken in, 269; half-caste militia of, 366, 367; law of, for- bidding Portuguese to cross the boundary, 369; blunders in maps sent from, 372; mild character of its government, 3783 negro characteristics of the native tribes of, 378, 379 ; provisions made for the comfort of travellers in, 379, 380: mode of carrying burdens, 380; district government of, 383 5 through, no highway to the sea possible, 390; remarks of Dr. Livingstone, published in, 397; luxuriant growth of cotton in, 399; price of labour-in, 400; ex- cellence of its coffee, 401; trees introduced, by the Jesuits, into, 401, 402; obstacles to improve- ment in, 405; seasons in, un- healthy for natives, 418; fa- vourite sites for graves in, 424; neglect of agriculture, 4255 cruel superstitions and practices of the natives, 434, 4355 beauty of the country, 441; deterioration of the blacks, 442; resemblances in its forest scenery, to that of the Batoka country, 558; Lacerda’s project of establishing a com- munication between the east coast and, 587. Angora, goats of, their long hair,543. Ant-eater, new species of, describ- ed, 169, 170. Antelope, finest variety of African, 43; herds of, in the Kalahari desert, 47; new species of, dis- covered, 71; new water, described, 205; new species of, unknown in the south, 209 ; beauty, wariness, tenacity species of BABISA, of life, 256; skins, Matiamvo's tribute, 479. Ant-hills, huge, on the banks of the Chobe, 176; fertility of, 203; edible mushrooms growing on, 285; the chief garden ground of a Batoka, 551; mushrooms on, 25. Antidotes to the Ngotuane poison, 113; to the N’gwa poison, 1713 to venomous bites, 172. Antony, St., image of, belonging to half-caste soJdiers, 367. Antonio, St., convent of, 397. Ants, black, abie to distil water, 21, 22; large black, emitting a pun- gent smell when alarmed, 135 ; black of the Dilolo plains, their foresight in time of floods, 327, 328; red carnivorous, ferocity of, 430; nests and galleries of, 431; white, swarming of, in spring, considered a delicacy, 464; black soldier, their steady march, sting causing insensibility, 537; their preying on white ants, 538; white, their hordes, their unrelaxing industry, 539; good service done by, 540. suet plant disintegrating rocks, 38. Arabs, lesson taught them by the antelope or gazelle, 209; from Zanzibar, their meeting with Dr. Livingstone, near Naliele, 2235 prejudice of, against Portuguese and English, 224; trader, bearer of Sekeletu’s commissions, 501 ; a tribe of, settled in Manica, 662. Aranjo, Pedro Antonio d’, native religious teacher in Tete, 643, 644. Ardetta, the, found perching on buffaloes, 252. Aristotle, peculiar characteristic of the African elephant remarked by, 563. Arkwright, Lieutenant, the gift of, given in barter, 75. Arrows, poisoned, of the Bushmen, ilvaite Asevedo, Senhor, lends his launch to Dr. Livingstone, 671. August, the end of winter, forest scenery of, 498. Australia, Central, compared to South Africa, 97; Batoka trees aping the eucalypti of, 535. Azolla, nilotica, a Nile plant, found in the Leeambye, 664. Azores, the, project of emigration from, to Africa, 660. Baba, killed by a rhinoceros, his fortitude, 552. Babel, Tower of, African tradition of the, 528. Babindele, the Portuguese, 359. Babisa traders on the hills of the Kafue, 571; their lodging-house, 2 Y¥ 690 INDEX. BAHIMPE. 273; Semalembue’s agents, 567 5 plundered by Mburuma’s people, 582; Mburuma’s sole medium of intercourse with Europeans, 584 ; supply English cotton goods to the Zambesians, 594. Bahimpe, the, distinctive mark of, 263; advice to pass through their country, 570. Baburutse, the, important part al- lotted to, in the ceremony of the pumpkin harvest, 45. Bain, Mr., geological map of, 500. Bakda-mountains, latitude of, viru- lent fever in the district of, 10. —— tribe, its removal to Kolo- beng, submission to Sechele, 149 ; basaltic caves, affording refuge to, 150. Bakalahari, the, their origin and history, 49; character of, rela- tions with the Bechuanas, trade, 50; peculiar mode of drawing water, 51; grass patches burned by, to attract the springbuck, 104. Bakoba, or Bayeiye, the, African Quakers, their history, 635 pre- ference of, for canoe travelling, 64; pitfalls of, 69,70; fish-eaters, fishing-implements of, 72; their dexterity in use of the harpoon,73. Bakoni, the, their fondness for agri- culture, 202. Bakuena. See Bakwain. Bakurutse, the, their canoes, 73. Bakwains, the, a Bechuana tribe, Dr. Livingstone familiarises him- self with, 9; political revolution among, 14, 15; purchase of land from, 19; character of, 19, 20; their objection to praying and preaching, 23; mode of hunting practised by, 26; emigrants to Cape Colony, 32, 33; their pre- ference of circular forms, 40; superstition of, touching the cave Lepelole, 124; their quarrels with the Boers, 125; inoculation prac- tised by, diseases never found among, 128; diseases to which they are subject, 129; medical practice of, 129-131; verdure of the country, 150 ; relics of animal worship among, 255. Balobale, the, a tribe to the west of the Leeba, 275; cattle brought from, by Katema, 321; fugitives in Katema’s country, their diso- bedience, 323; taking refuge with Shinte and Katema, 483; gradual destruction of the larger game by, 486. Baloi witches, 129. Balonda, or Balunda, villages of, destroyed by Lerimo, 245 ; their meat-drying stages on the Leeba, 266; ill-affected to Dr. Living- stone, 268, 269; hunters, meeting with Dr. Livingstone, 270; barter with, 271; cereals, herbs culti- vated by, the tattooing of, 272 ; or- naments of the women, 273 ; dress, ornaments of the, noblesse, 276, 277; superstitions of, 231; idol- worship, habit of wearing arms, 282; palisaded dwellings of, 283; their faith in charms, 285 ; fashion of housing guests, 286 ; universal BANYAT. idol-worship of, 286, 287; courte- sies required by, 288; susceptible of religious impressions, 289; in, the negro type strongly deve- loped, 290, 291; their respect for women, 292; their musical in- struments, 293; their punctilious- ness, 296, 304; the fishing of, 312, 313; contempt of, for the Mako- lolo, 313, 3145; custom of aban- doning a house visited by death, 314; ready hospitality of, fu- verals among, 316; envy the Makololo, their exemption from the slave-trade, 322; careless life of the Cabango, 460; southern, kindlier spirit of, 461; traffic in canoes, suggested to, 486; al- liances of, with the Makololo, 489. Bamapela, the, dialect of, 115; game-laws enforced by, 599. Bamangwato, the, Dr. Livingstone’s first visit to, 10; road leading to the country of, 53; meeting with, on the Zouga, 62; banishment visited on men bitten by the alli- gator, 255, Bamangwato hills, volcanic cha- racter of the range, 149, 150. Bambala, tradition of intercourse be- tween Batoka and white traders at, 532. Bambiri, the, prevented by tsetse from rearing cattle, 596; a branch of the Banyai, 604; a trouble- some guide from, 605; attempts of, to induce Dr.Livingstone’s men to settle in their villages, 623. Banajoa, a tribe extending east- ward from the Mahabe, 80. Bangalas, at war with the Portu- guese, 359; election of the chief among, 434; their trade with the Bashinje, 442. Bango, the, possessors of St. Hila- rion, 410; gradations of rank among, drunkenness of, free-ma- sonry, 411; their funeral and marriage ceremonies, 412; love of litigation, 413; fondness for titles, 414. Bango, the chief, present from, re- fuses to eat beef, 462; game found in his country, groups of villages, 462. Bangwaketse, the, conquered by Sebituane, 84, 85. Banian-tree, of South Africa, 173 ; at Chitlane’s village, African veneration for, Barotse name of, 495. Banians, agents in the trade be- tween Bombaya and Senna, 659. Banona, appellation of men, 148, Banyassa, the, country of, 503. Banyai, the, on the south bank of the Zambesi, 574; their mode of killing elephants from stages, 575; a button in the lip, worn by the women, 597; the fall of rain in their country less than in Londa, 605; devotional suscepti- bility of, 607,608 ; possess abun- dance of honey, wax of no ac- count among, 614; superstition of, forbidding the killing of lions, 615 ; confederacy of tribes of, its lord paramount, 6175 political BARTER, liberties of, election of chief, 617, 618; system of education among, 6183; ordeal practised by, 621; high position of women among, 622, 623; their complexion, fashion of hair-dressing, 624. Banyeti, the tribute of iron exacted by the Makololo from, 197; on the Leeambye, their skill in handi- crafts and in agriculture, 212, 213; tribute to Sekeletu, 214; on the high grounds, cereals, herbs, fruits, cultivated by, 220; fruits of, 236, 237. Baobabs, girth of, on the Zouga, 70 5 nature of the, 163. Bapalleng, theft of ivory from, 198. Baptista, Pedro Joao, crossed the African continent, 435. Bara, a confederacy of gold-seekers, 630. Baramuana, defences against ‘the Landeens on, 660 ; view from, 661. Barimo spirits, 220; appeased by drum-beating, 316,317 ; belief in the continued existence of, 331; vindictiveness of, 433; cruel sac- rifices to, 434; votive offerings to, 4665 represented at a funeral, 467; sacrifices to, above Mosioa- tunya, 523 ; “motsé oa,” 524; Bo- roma seized by, 602; invoked, to give success in hunting, 607. Bark, strips of, the dress of the Ki- sima, 406. Barolongs, the, Bakwain settlement destroyed by, 10; their disputes with the Boers, 122; subdivided by the quarrel of three brothers, 213. Baroma excuses himself from an interview, 602. Baroro, the people of, 664. Barotse, the, incorporated with the Makololo, 88; cure for inflamma- tion of the lungs, 89; their energy and activity in crossing a flooded country, 1775; a colonist from, irrigated the country near Gonye, 213; religious feeling shown by, belief in the existence of spiritual beings, 219, 220; boatmen, 243, 244; graceful hospitality of, 246 5 character of their serfdom, 247, 248 ; unwillingness of, to visit Ma- siko, 263; belief of, in the power of the eye, 7b. ; intricacies in their social polity, 489 ; fugitives from Sekeletu turned back, 490; super- stitions touching the Leeambye, 517; no salt in their country, 600; application of the ordeal “muavi’” peculiar to, 622. —— valley, large oxen of the, 1925 productions of the, 197 ; annually inundated, description ; of, 214, 215; the land of plenty, 220; its unhealthiness, 221; the headman of, 245; love of the Barotse for, 254; fish left by inundation in, 261; triumphal progress down, 493; palm-tree, seeds planted in, 4943 project of migration to, 503 ; objections, 504; diseases incident to, 503, 5045 in old times a vast lake, 527; large breed of cattle probably imported, size and cowardice of its dogs, 565. Barter, unavoidable in the interior INDEX. 691 BARTH. of Africa, 190; among the Mako- lolo, 191 ; taking the place of free hospitality, 331. Barth, Dr. Livingstone’s hope of meeting, 289. Bashinje, the, Dr. Livingstone enters their country, 359; larve used as food by, 361; their chaffering for tribute, 362, 363; refuse ca- noes to pass the Quango, 364 ; fire on Dr. Livingstone’s party, 365; physiognomy of, 442 ; fan- tastie modes of hair-dressing, 443. Bashubia, a tribe on the Zambesi, 86. Bashukulompo, the, Dr. Livingstone directed towards their country, 550; fugitive saved by Dr. Liv- ingstone, 553; mode of dressing hair, 556; products of their country, 568. Basimane, appellation of boys, 148. Basongo, the, subject to the Portu- guese, 378; possessing cattle, 379; source of the Quango in their country, 440; workers in iron, 595. Basutos, the, battle between the English and, 121; nucleus of the Makololo tribe, 197; division of South African tribes, 201. Batauana, the, Dr. Livingstone’s arrival in the country of, 68; their keenness in trade, 69. Batlapi, the, social condition of, im- proved by missionary teaching, 202. Batletli, the, large horned cattle of, 85, note. Batoka, the, a tribe inhabiting the islands of the Zamhesi, their cha- racter and customs, 86; their fastnesses destroyed by Sebitu- ane, 88; tribute of iron paid by, 197; differences of colour in, 339; propose rebellion against Dr. Liv- ingstone, 347; fugitives dashed to pieces at Mosioatunya, 523; fastmesses, 523, 524; utterly dis- persed by Sebituane, 527; their sanguinary character, 5303 cus- tom of knocking out the front teeth, 532, 533; degenerate tribe of, 540; destruction of their cattle, manner of distributing their vil- lages, 554; beyond the outskirts ~of the free country, their friend- liness, savage mode of salutation, 5513; of Dr. Livingstone’s band, their insubordination, plundering propensities, 552; the character and habits of Semalembue’s tribe, 567; names of giraffe and ostrich unknown in their language, 612. Batoka country, its features and products, 534, 535; uninhabited district dividing the free from the dependent Batoka, 541; its abundance of game, 541, 542; its rocky structure, its trees and fiowers, 542; depopulation of Sebituane’s settlement on the Mozuma, 54%, 549; arrival in the rebel district, dangerous adven- ture with a mad prophet, 549; hostile demeanour of the people, 550; friendliness of the tree tribes, 551; their desire for peace, 553; overrun by succes- sive conquerors, 554; itsstreams BEN-HABIB, 300KS, not perennial, its fertility, 556; | Bible, the, not the sole evangeliser, small size of its domestic animals, 565; dip of the rocky strata in, 558; on the Kafue, love and regret of the Makololo for, 568. Batonga, the, on the north bank of the Zambesi, 574. Bayeiye. See Bakoba_ serpent- charmers, 145, 146. Bazunga, half-caste, slave-traders, 5825; disadvantage of marching in their path, 583; ruined village of, at the confluence of the Zam- besi and the Loangwa, 584; said to have been driven away by the Matebele, 585; staples of their trade, 587; since two years not seen on the Zambesi, 594. Bechuanas, origin of the names of the various tribes of, 13; patri- archal government, customs of, 15; their hatred of the slave- trade, 31; their fear of Euro- peans, 32; tribes of, enslaved by the Boers, ib. ; their chief buried in his cattle-pen, 90; of the Orange river, 104; given up to the oppression of the Boers, 106, 107; success of missions to, their trade, their inaptitude for handi- crafts, 108, 109; cuttings made by, to resuscitate fountains, 111; imperishability of, 115; stagna- tion of intellect among, 124; love of children, 126, 132; ceremonies observed by, on attaining man- hood, 146, 147; their manner of training boys, 147-149; division of labour among, 151; notions of, on religious subjects, 158, 159; their manner of using milk, 160; their behaviour in sickness, 169 ; probable derivation of the name, 200, 201; their prejudices with regard to eating, 224. Bedingfield, Commander, invites the Makololo on board his ship, 391; his escape from drowning, 423. Bee-eater, its nests in the banks of the Leeambye, 248. Beehives of the Balonda, mode of fashioning and protecting them, 284, 285; on the Chihune, 344. Beetle, the scavenger, its usefulness, 43; habits described, 44. Benedictines, ruined convent of, at Massangano, 405. Benevides, de SA, Governor, drove the Dutch from Angola, 406. Bengala, the, taxes imposed by, on slavedealers, 351; extort an ox and a tusk from Dr. Living- stone, 352, 353; subdued by the government of Angola, 366; burned a party of Ambonda, 368. Bengo, a name of the Senza, 388 5 supplies Loanda with water, 395; ascent of, 397. Benguela, wax of the Londa forests exported from, 285; large cattle of, 565; forests, the lichens and mosses of, found in the Batoka country, 558. Ben-Habib intrusted to conduct Makololo traders to Loanda, 501; his betrayal of Sebola Bakwaia, 502, 5033; a suitor to Sebituane’s daughter, rejected, 508; Banyai guide resembling, 624, 28; translation of, into Sichuana by Mr. Moffat, 113, 114; value of the translation, 115; the great instrument in evangelising the heathen, 117, 118. Bihe, the country of the Mambari, 91; in the route of the Mambari, 227, traders from, 359 ; situation of, not ascertained, 426; a tra- velled native of, 429. Birds of the Leeambye forests de- scribed, 238-241; of the Leeam- bye, north of Libonta, 252, 253; water, forms of the bills, 253; geese of the Barotse valley, 253, 2543 of the Loeti, 261. —— singing, tamed by the Balonda and Barotse, 524; song, observed in districts devoid of animal life, 525. Bivouacking, in Africa, 250, 251. Blackbird, African, tail-feathers prized by the natives, 432. Blantyre works, removal of Dr. Livingstone’s family to, 2; Dr. Livingstone a piecer in, 3. Bloemfontein, Sechele’s meeting with English officers at, 121. Boatlanama, second station on the journey to Lake Ngami, 54; wells of, found dry, 134. Boers, signification of the name, 29; of the Cashan mountains, their character, 29; cordial re- ception of, by the Bechuanas, ungrateful return, 30; slave forays, 31; suspicious temper, cowardice of, 32 ; their oppression of the native Africans, 33; seek to deprive the Bakwains of guns, to make aspy of Dr. Livingstone, 35; their cowardly mode of fighting, Sechele’s resistance, 37 ; opposition of, to missions and to trading, treaty with Sir George Cathcart, 38; attack on the Ko- lobeng settlement, 39; of Cape Colony, their physical constitu- tion, 98; farms of, pasture, 103; Transvaal, obtain the passing of the ‘‘ gunpowder ordinance,” 106; canals and cuttings of, for irrigation, 111, 112; Transvaal, fine inflicted by, on Mr. Macabe, 122; send to seek peace from the Bakwains, 125 ; slave-system of, 126, 127. Bogs containing iron, 454. Boguera, a ceremony of South African tribes, 146, 149. Bolcamaria, a wild flower of An- gola, 399. Bolenga hills, a range west of the Kafue, 570. Bolengwe, a hill and gorge of the Kafue, 568. Bombay, trade of Senna with, 659. Bombwe, acataract of the Leeam- bye, 213. Bonda, the dialect of Angola, 269. Bonga, a tuber containing salt, 625. Bonga, Tete plundered and burned by, 631; his character, 654 ; pass- ing his stockade, 655. Bonyai, Banyai system of instruc- tion, 618. Books carried by Dr. Livingstone, 230. 7 ye 2 692 INDEX. BOOKSELLER, Bookseller, a, not to be found in east- ern or western Africa, 644. Boromo, present of Dr. Livingstone to, 619. Bororo, a country north of the Zambesi, 664. Boston’s Fourfold State, early dis- like of Dr. Livingstone to, 4. Bourbon, the island of, volcanoes in, affecting Africa, 641, Bowdich, error in his map, 507 ; the moshuka mentioned by, 534. Boyale, ceremony observed training girls, 149. Boyaloa, Makololo beer, 178 ; used instead of yeast, 639. Braganza, Duke, district of Angola, 428; nature of the country, 429. Brazil, Balonda slaves exported to, 291; provides a market for An- gola, 614; exportation of slaves from Tete to, 631. Bread, extempore method of baking, preferable to the Australian, 40. Bridge, extempore, building, 449. Brotherhood, ceremony establish- ing, in Africa, 488. Buaze, the fibres of, a substitute for flax, 6453; districts where it is found, 646. Buckland, Dean, letter to, on the desiccation of the Bechuana country, 528. Buffalo, the, its dependence on sup- plies of water, 56; fight of a, and lions, 139; superiority of, to the lion, 142; birds attaching themselves to, 252; hunting of a wounded, 266; unsuccessful chase, 486, 4873; narrow escape of Dr. Livingstone from, 491; change of habits when disturbed frequently, 545; escape of a wounded, 561; the herd of Menye-makaba, its feud with the islanders, 574; sudden attack of, near the Loangwa, 588. Buffalo-birds, quick sight of, 546. Bunda, dialect spoken by the Mam- bari, 2185 the dialect of Angola, 382. Bungwe, a hill above Chicova, 604. Burial, strange custom of the Bechu- ana with regard to, 90. Burns's appreciation of the cha- racter of the Scotch peasant, 3. Burton, Captain, information hoped for from, 477. Bush, thorny, on the Zouga, 580. Bushmen of the Kalahari desert, 47; the nomads of South Africa, their character, habits, appear- ance described, 495; their power of enduring thirst, 52; of the Matlomagan-yani, unlike the Ka- lahari, 78; of Rapesh, superior to the Kalahari, 165; their ele- phant-hunts, 166 ; casting dice in a dilemma, 170; good effects of plenty on, 172. Butter, advantage of anointing the skin with, 246. Butterfiies, great variety of, ob- served by Dr. Livingstone, 170 ; of the Mopane country, 610 in Cabango, meeting with traders going to, 359; Dr. Livingstone CANTO, precedes Senhor Pascoal to, ar- rested by rheumatic fever, 444 ; cheapness, plenty of provisions in the country round, 455; slave- girl lost near, 455, 456, latitude of, cold at, 456; route determined on, from, 450; departure from, 461. Cabinda, station of a sub-command- ant, fine situation of, 3835; view from, 384. Cabazo, a singing bird tamed by Katema’s people, 324. Caconda, unlikelihood of a chain of stations having existed from Tete to, 531. Cactus, three varieties of South African, 134. Cacuan, a fish of the Coanza, a sub- stitute for money, 403. Caffres, the Cape, cattle stealing of, 2; war between Mosilikatze and Dingaan referred to, 30; courage of, superior to other African na- tions, 32; ceremonies observed by, qualifying youths to assume the rank of men, 145; training of youth, discipline observed among, 147-149; belief of, in natural religion, 158-1595 sub- divisions of the tribe, 201. Caffre-war, consequences of, more apparent in England than in Africa, 93; the four stages of a, 122 ; a hindrance to English pros- perity in Africa, 679. Cahenda, missionary station of, 382 ; the mountains of, 384, Calico, the money of Angola, 330; the currency of Tete, 635. Calvi, the, a feeder of the Senza, 418. Cambambe, at, the Coanza, inna- vigable, cotton of, 4045; petro- leum springs, 421; waterfall at, 426. Cambondo, planks cut with the axe at, 387. Cambuslang, carboniferous lime- stone of, quarryman’s theory ac- counting for the shells found in the: Camel-thorn, the, “ shitim’’ of the Old Testament, 113. Canaries, the, of African forests, 3245 heard in the Banyai coun- try, 624. Candido, Senhor, geographical in- formation obtained from, 640, 641. Candumba, dairy at, 428. Cannibalism in South Africa, 202. Cannon, respect of Africans for, 405. Canoes of the Bakoba, 64; of reeds of the Bakurutse, 73; used by the Makalaka in hunting leches, 204; Dr. Livingstone’s fleet of, on the Leeambye, 211; of mot- sintsela wood, 2323; difficulties in managing, 237, 238; bark, of the Chikapa, 355; hunting, of the Balonda, 486; strength and size of, built at Senna, 653. Canto e Castro, Antonio, Command- ant of Golungo Alto, 3853 ac- companies Dr. Livingstone to visit a deserted convent, 410; illness of, his ill-regulated house- hold, 413; entertainment to na- tive Africans given by, his en- CATHEDRAL, deavours to promote free labour, ate ; Dr. Livingstone leaves, 417. Cape Colony, the resort of Bakwain volunteer workmen, 32; pro- montory of, its three zones de- scribed, 94, 95; landscape of the central zone of, 99; fauna of the central zone of, 101; mischief of restricting missionary efforts to, 116. Cape Government, short-sighted policy of, with regard to. trade, 374. Cape Town, Dr. Livingstone returns to, after eleven years’ absence, 98. —— the cranes at Government House, 253. Capuchin missionaries, fruit from the seed sown by, 382; affection- ate remembrauce of, 410. Carneirado, the sickly season in Angola, 418. Carpo, Arsenio de, Commandant, of Ambaca, 382; provides an es- cort, 383. Carriers of Angola; 380; their un- trustworthiness, 442. Carvalbo, Senhor, escape of rebels from, 432. Cashan mountains, settlement of Boers in the, 29. Cassange, at, dispute arranged by Dr. Livingstone after the Mako- lolo fashion, 184; Dr. Livingstone directs his march towards 343; finds the direct road to, 359; Dr. Livingstone’s entrance into, 368 5 description of the village, 369 5 curiosity excited by Dr. Living- stone in, 3703; character and customs of the Portuguese of, 371, 372; view from, 372; high prices received by Dr. Living- stone’s followers from the traders of& 373; popular notion of the habits of white men, 374; de- parture from, 374, 375; return to, 432; system of trading in, 435; unhealthiness of, 436. Cassange valley, geological forma- tion of, 360; height of the eastern acclivity bounding, 444. Cassava, or manioc, of the Barotse, 220. See Manioc. Carapatos, the tampans of Tcte, 628. Caterpillars, edible, 42; nato, their habits, transmutation of, an apt illustration of the resurrection, 54; large edible, found in the Unicorn’s Pass, 150; large edible, found on the mopane-tree, 164: used for poisoning arrows, 171 ; with venomous spines, 610. Cat presented by Dr. Livingstone to Sekeletu, 191; killed acci- dentally, 217. Catende, frequent occurrence of the name, 372. Cathcart, Sir George, proclaims the independence of the Boers, 383 treaty of, with the Transvaal Boers, authorising the oppression of the Griquas and Bechuanas, 106. Cathedral, the, of Loanda, impres- sion made by service in, on the ~ Makololo, 392. INDEX. 693 CATHOLICS, Catholics, Roman, the, of Ulva, their conversion to Protestant- ism, 2. Cathory, leaves, a cure for ulcer, 432. Cattle, the chief wealth of the Be- chuanas, 32; stealing of the Boers, 37; given as presents, 77 5 destroyed by tsetse, 83; of the Makololo, their curved horns and fantastic ornaments, 192; price of, in Loanda, 419; of various tribes, compared, 565. Cattle-pen, custom of burying a Bechuana chief in, 90. Cattle-stealing unknown among the Bechuanas, 57. Cazembe, situation of his town, Pereira’s and Lacerda’s visit there, 305; names of his people and country, 305, 306; human sacrifices of, explained, 317 ; pro- bable position of, 476; visits of white men to, 555, 556; his power exaggerated by Pereira, 587; failure of the expedition to, 588 ; geographical information given by a traveller to, 640. Cazengo, coffee plantations of, 401 ; annual tribute to the govern- ment, 402; its plantations, 407. Centipedes in certain districts, 609. Cereals grown by the Makalaka, 197; on the Barotse highlands, 220; grown on the banks of the Lokalueji, early ripened, 312; of the Banyai, 600; grown at Tete, 639. Chamai, wooded hills, 558. Changamera drove the Bazunga from the Zambesi, 585. Charity, consistent, disinterested, inseparable from Christianity, 510. Charms used to bring rain, 22; be- lieved to be identical with medi- cine, 23-25 ; against serpent-bites, 273; love of, among the Balonda, 281; the Ficus indicus regarded as a, 290; men murdered for the sake of procuring, 317; benefits derived from faith in, 330, 331; faith in, in Angola, 435. Chebende, interview with, 482; Shinte’s councillor, 485. Chests, wooden, trade in, at Cam- bondo, 387. Chiboque, the, neglect of cultiva- tion in their territory, 337; vio- lent attempt of, to extort tri- bute, 340-342; their slave-deal- ing practices, 343; perpetual ex- tortions of, 347; plunder Dr. Livingstone’s party under pre- tence of exchanging presents, 348, 349; attack at longa Panza’s village, 352, 353; attack of, on Dr. Livingstone’s party return- ing, 445; repulsed without blood- shed, 446. Chicova, district of, its silver mines, 603; its geological structure, 604. Chieftainship, peculiar rights and duties of, in Africa, 43; elective, in Angola, 434. Chifumadze, the, a branch of the Leeba, 315. Chihombo, the, a feeder of the Kasai, 344; the path lost near, CLIMBING, 346; flows past Cabango, 455; traces of buffalo and hippopotami on its banks, 461. Chihune, the, Dr. Livingstone pre- vented taking an observation on, 343, 344, China, Dr. ‘Livingstone’s wish to go as medical missionary to, 5; opium war in, change of plan, 8; karosses exported from the Be- chuana country to, 50. Chipaka, the, extortions practised at the passage of, 355, 356; deeper valley worn by, to the eastward, 448, Chiponga, the, delayed by rains ov, tsetse, 3715; journey from, through a petrified forest, 572; tameness of the elephants on, 573. Chitlane, present of linkololo, re- ceived at his village, 494; site of his village, epidemic sickness in, 495, Chizamena, the, range, in a wooded country frequented by elephants, 5503 fertilized by anthills, 551. Chobe, the, meeting the Makololo on, 83; character of the country between the Zambesi, and, 91 ; annual inundations of, 174; first descried by Dr. Livingstone, 175 ; passage down, to Mahonta, 176, 177; divides into five branches, 231; hippopotami of, 231, 2325 banks of, 232; its course, its con- fluence with the Leeambye, 233 ; Dr. Livingstone leaves, 234; canoe voyage from Sesheke to, 516. Chondo, an island on the Leeambye, 517. Chongwe, the, flooded by rains, 575. Chonuane, at, Dr. Livingstone’s first settlement among the Bakwains, 20; half-deserted houses at, in- fested by lions, 137. Chorichori, a cluster of conical hills on the Zambesi, 602. Chowe, the, salt extracted from its bed, 600. Christianity, the diffusion of, its in- direct benefits beyond price, 226. Chuantsa, a salt-pan, 77; nature of the salt deposit, 159. Church, ruined, between the Zam- besi and the Loangwa, 586. Circumcision, practised among Be- chuana and Caffre tribes, 146. Civilization and evangelization in- separable, 28; conducive to phy- sical improvement, 166. Clarendon, Lord, American cotton- seed sent to Africa by, 4143; in- forms the Portuguese of Dr. Liv- ingstone’s expedition, 633; Dr. Livingstone’s obligations to, 672. Climate of the country bordering the Kalahari desert favourable to the cure of pulmonary disease, 132, 133; moist, of Londa dis- liked by the Makololo and Barotse, 309; hurtful moisture of the, in Angola, 380, 381; of Loanda, its effects on tempera- ment, 397; natural adaptation of animals to, 407. Climbing plants of the Londa forests, 284, a CONGLOMERATE, Clyde, the, cotton manufactory on, 2; compared to the Zouga, 69; recalled by the Kasai, 332; the vale of, recalled by the Quango valley, 360; flooded holms of, recalled by the Leeambye, 529. Coal, possibility of finding at Pungo Andongo, 421; indications of, on the Mozuma, 548; seams of, on the streams of the Zambesi, 633, 634. Coanza, the, error as to the course of, 222; true course of, 357; source of,near Bihe, 372; charac- ter of the country between the Quize and, 379 ; joined by the Lu- calla at Massangano,381 ; project- ed canal from, to Loanda, 395; fish of, tax on the fishermen, 403; navigation of, 404; disused, 406; southern boundary of the Portu- guese, 422; tribes on the left bank, 423; difference of tempera- ture on, 424; flora of, 425; sup- posed source of, 426. Cobras, their love of eggs, 145. Cockin, Mr., surgeon of the Poly- phemus, 391. Codrington, Captain, visit of, to the Bakwains, 1253; surprised by a lion, 138; his gift of a pontoon to Dr. Livingstone, 174. Coffee prized by the Makololo, 207; grown in Angola, 379; the favourite soil of, 399; not in- digenous in Angola, 401; cause of its extensive propagation, 402. Coimbra, the University of, native Africans educated as priests at, 426. Colonization of South Africa re- commended, 97. Colour, black, of African tribes, accidents modifying the, 783 theories accounting for lighter or darker, in African tribes, 338, 339. Comets, regarded by the Bechuanas with superstitious dread, 10. Commandant, office of, eagerness of Portuguese to obtain, frequent abuse of, 418, 419. Commemoration of remarkable events in Africa, 217, 218. Commerce of essential importance in missionary efforts, 28; un- suitable to missionaries, though the great stay of missions, 33; a preventive of the slave-trade, 92 ; Dr. Livingstone’s opportunities of engaging in, 189; his opinions as to its compatibility with mis- sionary efforts, 190; an esta- blished, eagerly desired by the Makololo, 228; of the Balonda hindered by western tribes, 333 ; impolicy of restrictions on, 374; staples of, in Loanda, 395; free navigation of the Zambesi neces- sary to, 642, 6435 suggestions for the promotion of, in Africa, 675, 676. Confluence of the Chobe and the Leeambye ill defined, 233. Congo, a species of aloe, its fibrous tissue a substitute for flax, 645, 646. Conglomerate, feruginous,in a valley 694 INDEX. CONGO. of the Kasai, 336; of the Quango valley, 360. Congo, Prince of, a Christian, 426 5 title of the king, Christianity little understood in, 427. — or Zaire, the, receives the rivers of Angola, 443. Congress, African, in Londa, 273- 279. Cookery, Barotse, 251. Copper anklets, trade between Shinte’s and Cazembe’s people in, 305. ‘Cottar’s Saturday Night,’ allu- sion to, 3. Cotton, two species of, in Africa, 71; mill, a myth to the African, 271; grown by Mozinkwa’s wife, 314; of Tete not equal to the Angolese, 644, 645; fitness of Eastern Africa for its cultivation, 675. Cotton-cloth eagerly sought by the people of Mokwanka, 307. “Cotton ground” in Africa, 204. Cotton-spinning, advantages of, in Dr. Livingstone’s early educa- tion, 5; universal in Angola, 399. Cotton-trees, perennial, in Angola, ignorance of their value, 415. Cowan, Dr., his whole party cut off by fever in the expedition of 1808, 14. Cranes of the Leeambye, 253. Crassulas of Cape Colony, 99. Craters of the Bamangwato hills, 149. Creels, used by the Balonda as fish- traps, 312. Creepers of the desert, capable of supplying moisture, 47; follow- ing the sun, 345. Crickets, African, 542. Crystals, dissolved by a running stream, 233. Cuckoo, an African species of, 559. Cucumbers, scarlet, of the Kalahari, description of, 47, 48. Culloden, battle of, death of Dr. Livingstone’s great-grandfather at, 1. Culpeper’s Herbal, Dr. Livingstone’s early study of, 5. Cumming, Gordon, his visits to Kolobeng, 151; truth of his ad- ventures vouched for, 152. Cupping practised by Bakwain doc- tors, 129, 130. Cuvier testifies to Aristotle’s know- iedge of natural history, 563. Dalama, native name of gold, 597. Dambarari, probably the Bambala of tradition, 532; in old times a gold-field, 637. Dance, Makalolo, in welcome of Sekeletu, 225. Dande, petroleum springs at, 421; tribes between the Coanza, and, subject to the Portuguese, 429. Darfur, cause of its aridity, 477, 478. Darter, the snake bird of African rivers, described, 240. Deformity, rarely observed Africa, 577. Deity, native names of a supreme, 641. in EDUCATION. Deluge, sole tradition of the, in Africa, 327. Desiccation of the country, evidences of, in South Africa, 54. Dick, Dr. Thomas, the works of, debt of Dr. Livingstone to, 4. Dila, river of. See Mozuma. Dilolo, Lake, description of, Dr. Livingstone prevented surveying, 324; tradition, giving the origin of its name, 327; the watershed of eastern and western rivers, 473, 474; reviving influence of, 479; latitude of, 480; fording the southern branch of, 482. Dingaan, a Caffre chief, expelled Mosilikatze from the Magalies- berg country, 30. Diseases found in South Africa, 127-129; to which South African wild beasts are subject, 135, 136; carried by infection, 649. Disputes, negro, rarely end in fight- ing, 466. Distillation of insects, 21, 416, 417; mode of, practised at Tete, 630. Diviner, a, consulted as a physician, 433; disconcerted by Dr. Living- stone, 525. Doctors, African, not invariably quacks, 130; a Makololo drowned in the Leeambye, 212. Dolomite, on Taba Cheu, 548; on hill ranges, seen from Mabue- asula, 570. Dongolo, a fruit of the Bambiri, 625. Donkeys, introduced into Central Africa, 512. Drought, effects of, in Africa, 20, 21; submission and energy of the Bakwains in time of, 25, 26. Drum worship in Londa, 232; the Balonda, described, 292, 293; ser- vice required from, at funerals, 316; beating, an intimation of death, 624. Drunkenness, not unknown in Londa, 299; the vice of Angola, 411; aneuphuism for, 602; temp- tations to, in Tete, 630. Dua, the, trial by ordeal on, 434. Due, the, a sand stream, 611. Diiiker, the, its ability to resist thirst, 56. Dunovan, Captain, died of fever, descending the Limpopo, 14. Du Prat, Chevalier, his letters of recommendation, 367. Dura-saifi, holcus sorghum, beer made from, 186; principal grain of the Makalaka, 197. Dutch clergy in Africa, their re- venues, 34, note. Dutch, the, expulsion of, from An- gola, 406. Dye-stuffs, native of Africa, wild indigo, 71; orchilla weed, 266; Columba root, found near Tete, used by the Americans, 636. Dykes, granite, breaking throug the overlying strata, 570. Earthquakes, no tradition of, in the Barotse country, 497; near Tete and Senna, 641. Eclipse of the sun, 415. Education, benefits of, to the work- EXPORTS. ing classes in Scotland, 7; pro- moted by comfort, 27; system of, among Bechuanas and Caffres, 147-149; Banyai system of, 618. Egyptians, customs of, resembling the Makololo, 195; monuments, seeming imitations of faces on, carved in bark by the Bolonda, 304 5; ancient, resemblance of the Londa tribes to, 3793; ancient, spinning and weaving of, prac- tised in Angola, 399 ; resemblance of the Banyai to, 624. Eland, the, its beauty, 43; its power of resisting thirst, 56; cow, shot by Dr. Livingstone, bearing scars from lion claws, a new variety, 210; unable to endure a hard chase, 257; tracks of, near Ca- bango, 455. Elephants, their sagacity in avoid- ing pitfalls, 70; of the Zouga, their peculiarities, 71 ; tactics of, when hunted, 76; dangers of hunting, 152,153; Bushman mode of hunting, compared with Griqua, Boer, and English, 165, 166; the mohonono eaten by, 167; their fondness for vines, 1693; size of, in the hot central region of Africa, 438, 439; variety without tusks on the Kaloma, 545; separation of, into distinct herds, 547; their manner of feeding, 550, 551 ; hunt of a cow and calf by Dr. Living- stone’s men, 561-563; African, compared to Indian, great size of the ear in African, 563; African, tamed by the ancients, 563, 5645 differences in height of, 5645 daintiness of, in feeding, 565, 566; cow with three calves, seen on the Chiponga, 573 ; killed from stages by the Banyai, 575; extraordi- nary tenacity of life in, danger of shooting, on foot, 579; Mr. Oswell’s hairbreadth escape from a wounded, 580; escape of, by swimming, 598, 599; hunt in the Banyai country, 607, 608; the Mokoronga eaten by, 611. Elevation of the country, fallacious criteria of the, 283, 284. Embarrah, the chief feeder of Lake Ngami, 67. Empacasseiros, secret society of the Bengo, 411. English, importance of speaking, in missionary settlements, 8*3 law, ground of the Boers objec- tion to, 29; fidelity to engage- ments, confidence of Africans in, 151, 152; manufactures, Mambari history of, 271; esteem, in-which they are held in Eastern Africa, 596, 597; disgrace brought on the name by niggardly travellers, 601; difficulty in speaking, after long disuse, 682. Esquimaux, contrasted with the South Africans, 552. Euphorbia, poison of the, its effects on men and animals, 171; insects feeding on, 609. Exports, table of, from Angola 437 note; of Tete, before the esta- blishment of the slave-trade, 630. INDEX. 695 - + —--------———— 10k FARIA, Faria, Senhor, tribute of, to Muan- zanza, 459. Fauna of the Kalahari desert, 47, 50; of Cape Colony, 101; of the Mopane country, 615. Faustina, senior, medal of, 564. Feltao, Mr., sub-commandant on the Quango, 418. Ferns, tree, found in a feeder of the Chihombo, 461. Ferrao, Senhor, furnishes Dr. Liv- ingstone with provisions, 663. Fever party of Englishmen at- tacked by, death of an artist, 75 ; Dr. Livingstone’s children at- tacked by, 76; symptoms of, 194 ; remedies for, native mode of cure, 195 ; great mortality among the Makololo by, 197 ; after, bad effects of, 228, 229; weakness produced by, 382; produced by tampan bites, 383; fatal to children in Cassange, 432; the spectre of Angola, 437 ; caught by drinking water, 439; its different types at Kilimane and at Tete, 630. Fig-tree, water-distilling found on the, 415-417. Firearms, plots of the Boers to de- prive the Bakwains of, 35 ; illicit trade of Boers in, 36; eagerness of African tribes to possess, 69 ; good resulting from the diffusion of, 200. Fish, abundance of, in the Zouga, varieties described, 72; migra- tions of, 261; Balonda modes of snaring, 312, 313. Fish-hawk, African, described, 240 ; robbing the pelican, 241. Flax, African plants, substitutes for, 645, 646. Fleming, George, joins Dr. Living- stone’s expedition in order to establish trade with the Makololo, 120; knocked up with fatigue, left behind, 170; trade of, with the Makololo, 191; his retum south, 228. Floods from annual inundation of the Chobe, 174-177. Flora of the Kalahari desert, 47-49 ; of the banks of the Zouga, 70, 71 5 of the Table Mountain, 96; of the central zone of Cape Colony, 99, 100; of Kuruman, 112, 113. Flowers, sweet-smelling, on the Leeba, 266; belts of various coloured, on the plains, 472. Fombeji, the, a stream of Londa, 455. - Forerunner, loss of Dr. Living- stone’s journals in, 423. Forests, the, of Londa, 284-2867; their influence on character, 304 5 gigantic creepers found in, 344; free from thorny plants, 345; of Londa, winding paths through, 453. Fossil trees on the Chiponga, 572, 573; on the Zambesi, 603. Fountains of the Kasai, 330. France, the njefu known in, 664. Freemasons in Africa, 411. Frog, peculiar species of, found in the Kalahari desert, edible, 42, 43; districts in South Africa, 487. Frolic, the, its call at Kilimane to insect GOLD, inquire for Dr. Livingstone, 672 ; its return, 681; Dr. Liviugstone’s embarkation, 682. Fruit, wild, unknown varieties of African, 260; the chief defect of, 611. Fruit trees, found on the banks of the Zouga, 70; of the Batoka country, 534, 535. Pinae hills, seen from Mabueasula, 570. Funerals, drums used at, 316; ser- vants killed at, of chiefs, 318; rites, incongruous character of, in Angola, 440. Gabriel, Mr., English commissioner at Loando, his kindness to Dr. Livingstone, 389, 391; his testi- mony to the decline of the slave- trade, 396; accompanies Dr. Livingstone to Icollo i Bengo, 398; American cotton-seed im- ported by, intercepted, 414; sketch drawn for, 456; fails to send letters to Dr. Livingstone, 457; his account of the second Makololo expedition to Loanda, 501, 502, Galton, Mr., an African traveller, 85. Game-laws, African, of different provinces, 599. Gando, a chief, accused of witch- craft, 441. Garden, Botanic, of Loanda, last specimen of the Jesuits’ planting in, 402; nursery on the islands of the Zambesi, 600. Garnets in a band of gneiss near the Zambesi, 582. Geese, Barotse, varieties of, 253, 254. Gemsbuck, the, a frequenter of the desert, 56. Geology of the Moamba banks, 454 ; of the country between the Ung- uesi and Victoria falls, 534; of the Chicova district, 603, 634. - Geography of Angola little known, 372; of undiscovered districts of Londa, information gleaned con- cerning, 457-459; of the Leeam- bye misunderstood, 519; of the country north of the Zambesi, 640, 641. Giraffe, the, its dependence on sup- plies of water, 56; a sustained gallop fatal to, 257: habitat of, in South and Central Africa, 612, 613. Glasgow, college of, Dr. Living- stone’s attendance at classes in, 6. Goa, exportation of gold to, by Jesuits, 643. Goats of the Bakalahari, 50; milk, peculiar mode of preparing, 160 ; Bushman, superstitious dread of eating, 165; improved breed of given by Dr. Livingstone to Se- keletu, 191. Goho, a plant used in the ordeal “muavi,” 621. Gola Bandy, king of the Jinga, 422. Gold found in the Mashinga moun- tains, 595; unknown in the in- terior of Africa, found on the Zambesi, 597 ; rivers whose sands GROUND-NUTS, are impregnated with, 605; wash- ings, situation of the principal, 626; dust, Portuguese mode of collecting, annual weight of, for- merly, 630; present annual weight, 631; washing, process of, modern and ancient washing- places, 637; extent of the gold- field of Tete, price demanded by the natives, practice of planting, 638. Golungo Alto, a mountainous dis- trict of Angola, beauty of its scenery, 384, 385; its resources neglected, 385; change in its traffic by abolition of the slave- trade, 385, 386; latitude of, de- parture from, 386; census of, 400 note; Dr. Livingstone at- tacked by fever at, 408; its mica schist, found in the Batoka country, 558. Gomez, Senhor Manoel de, Dr. Livingstone’s host at the first stage from Tete, 654, 655. Gonye, the Falls of, chosen as a lo- cation by a Barotse inventor in the art of agriculture, 213; the villagers near, bound to carry over travellers’ canoes, 214; beauty of the landscape at, 243; good-humour of the people, the falls described, 244 ; iron-glazed rocks of, 498; falls, the outlet of an ancient lake, 528. Gorongozo, a mountain terminating the Lupata gorge, 656; moun- tains, the Jesuit station on, 661. Government, colonial, mistakes of, 38, 106, 107. Graga, Senhor, visit of, to Mati- amvo, 436. Grandfather, Tales of a, allnsion to, 2. Grapple-plant, thorns of the, 346. Grass of the Kalahari desert, 47 ; long, disliked by the springbuck and by oxen, 104; strong, sharp- edged, of the Chobe, 175; rank- ness of, in the Barotse valley, 220, 221; long, protecting the river banks in Londa, 315; tall, of the Quango valley, 364; varie- ties of, in Angola, 415; burned to attract game, effects of feeding on new herbage, 465; tall, of the Mopane country, 608. Grave of a half-caste trader, 359; in Angola, 424; pot-holes on the Ue chosen for, 616. Gray, Mr., his drawing of the tsetse, 571. Gregarious animals, a wounded comrade expelled from the herd, 545; the most wary appointed leader, 546; distinct herds of male and female accounted for, 547. Griquas better fitted than Euro- peans for African travel, 46; African haif-castes, 104, 105; prohibited the use of gunpowder, 106; their Christianization, 107; ancient and modern customs of, 108. Ground-nuts, a corrective of the bad effects of gluten, 455; dainty preparation of, 513; crushed for oil in Tete, 645. 696 GRYLLUS. Gryllus, a, of Cape Colony, assimi- lated in colour to the plant it feeds on, 100. Guerrike, Otto von, first observer of electricity in the atmosphere, 123. Guide, duty of, in Londa, 460, 461. Hachshish, an African preparation of, 541. F Hair, straight, African opinion of, 274, 275; wonder of the Ba- londa at, 289; anegro exquisite’s mode of dressing, 316; Bashinje mode of dressing, 365; lLonda modes, 449-451 ; woven into acone by the Bashukulompo, 556; fan- tastic adjustment of, by Semalem- bue’s people, 567; Banyai modes of dressing, 624. Hakitenwe, an antelope, 280. Hamburgh, fever in a vessel from, 680. Harpoon, the Bayeiye mode of killing the hippopotamus with, 73 Harris, Captain, death of his inter- preter, 552. Hawk, the fish, its wastefulness, its plundering, 240, 241. Hawthorn, wild, of Africa, 266, Haycocks made by mice, 142. Heat less oppressive on highlands, 577, 578. Heathenism, degrading influence of, 226, the dark side of, 259. Helena, St., English cruisers offer to convey Dr. Livingstone thither, 390. Herald, court, of the Makololo, his duties and perquisites, 178; directed to accompany Dr. Liv- ingstone, his proclamations, 221: service required of, his perqui- sites, 250. Herodotus, his observations in natural history, 239; quoted on the subject of hair, 274. Herschel, Sir John, plan drawn up by, for public instruction, 98. Hibiscus, the, used by the Bayeiye for nets, 72. Hides, ox, Makololo manner of pre- paring, 193; stripes of, used in barter, 359. H ghlanders, traditions of the, re- sembling African stories, 2; curious coincidence of sentiment with the Makololo touching cattle-stealing, 526. Hilarion, St., the deserted convent of, its present occupants, 410. Hills on the ridges of the great central valley, moderate elevation of, 569. Hippopotami, difficulty of harpoon- ing, 73; two tame, killed by mis- take, 2173; gregarious “soli- taires” dangerous, 231, 232; dreamy life of, 262; canoe upset by, 497, 498; of the Kafue, their uuusual tameness, quarrelsome- ness of, 569. Hoe used by the Makalaka, 197; superseded by the plough, 202; double-handled, of Angola, 408; replaces the whole paraphernalia of agriculture at Tete, 639 5 Seke- INDEX. INOCULATION. IVORY, letu's, converted into an Enfield 128; practised in the Barotse rifle, 651. Hogg, David, advice of, 5 note. Honey-gnide, the, useless on the Chihune, 344; not treacherous, 547, Hooker, Dr., the buaze plant un- known to, 646; his account of the njefu, 663, 664. Hooping-cough, cases of, brought to Dr. Livingstone, 559. Hopo, the, Bakwain method of hunting, by means of, described, 26 Hornbill, the red-beaked, nest of, in holes of trees, 613, 614. Hornet, venomous, on the Leeam- bye, 499. Horoye, a Bushman chief, 165. Horse-sickness, a virulent disease of South Africa, 101; its symp- toms, animals subject to it, 102. Hoskins, Lieutenant, letter from, on the navigation of the Zambesi, 668, 669. Hot-spring, description of a, near Tete, 634. Hottentots, hair of, growing in scattered tufts, 379. Humboldt, Baron, ascribes obser- vations on atmospheric effects to Guerrike, 123; quoted, 127 ; rain without clouds observed by, 596. Hunting by means of the ‘‘ hopo,” 26; despised by African tribes, 59; elephant, of Mr. Oswell, 765 night, cruelty of, 161; in, neces- sary suffering diminished by ac- quaintance with the habits of animals, 256, 257; sagacity of animals in shunning the dangers of, 280; not accounted sport by Africans, 579, 7 Huts on poles of the Banajoa, 80; of the Makololo, 207; of the Ba- londa, with movable roofs, 286 ; a fixed idea in the Makololo mind, 391. Hydrophobia unknown in South Africa, 127. Hyenas, alarm raised by, at Serotli, 56; cowardice of, 57; strength of their jaws, 600, 601 ; laughing, of the Mopane country, 608; nu- merous in the Mopane country, 615. Ibis of the Leeambye, 238; reli- giosa, 252. Icollo i Bengo, its population, 397 ; origin of the name, 398; census of, 401 note. Idolaters, their morality no stricter than their fellows’, 308. Idols, of the Balonda, medicine, 275 ; alligator, common in Londa, 282; objects of fear, not of adora- tion, 286, 287 ; varieties of, in the Balonda forests, 304; at a trader’s grave, 359; paraded at funerals in Cabengo, 466. Ifé, an African water-plant, its uses, its native district, 72; the fibres of, used in wig-making, 274, Indigo, wild, found in Africa, 71; wild, in Tete, 636. Inoculation known to the Bakwains, valley, 504, Insanity rare in Africa, 409. Insects, scourge of the tsetse, 499 ; whose sting causes stupefaction, 5393; numerous after rain, 608; in seeds of plants, 609. Instinct teaching wariness, 242; changing the habits of animals, 2805 curious instance of, in ants, 327, 3283; observed in trees, 344, 345; prompting the driving a wounded beast from the herd, 545. Instruments carried by Dr. Living- stone, 231. Intemese, a guide provided by Shinte, 301; purveys for his master, 304; his dilatoriness, 306, 307; theft committed by one of his followers, 307, 3083 his skill in wood-carving, 308 5 stories of his childhood, 309; his untruthfulness and good-humour, shuns religious service, 311; urges the:giving an ox to Soana Molopo, left behind, 313; his real services as guide, 314; delays the meeting with Katema, 315; a fugitive from Shinte reclaimed by, 322; introduces Dr. Living- stone to Katema, 319. Interior of Africa a more promising field of missionary labour than the coast, 505, 506. Interra, meeting with Senhor Ase- vedo at, 671. Inyavu, the, coal seam on, 634. Ionga Panza demands tribute for passing through his country, 351, 352; his village, his present to Dr. Livingstone, 352; his sons undertake the office of guide, 355; leave the party in the lurch, 356. Iron manufactured by the Banyeti, 213; Shinte’s people workers in, 302; native manufacture of, in Angola, 400; foundry erected in Angola.in 1768, 402, 403; pro- duce of modern works in Angola, 403; solution of, on bogs, 4545 works of the Salvisho Highland- ers, 485, ore, magnetic on the Funze hills, 570; wrought by the Basenga, 595; excellence of the ore found in East Africa, 650. Irrigation of the Kolobeng country, by Dr. Livingstone, 20; of Mr. Moffat at Kuruman, 110; Boer’s system of, 111; of a Barotze, 213. Isidore, Senhor, seeks to improve the defences of Senna, 658; dis- organisation in his government, 659; his negro boat-builders, 662. Ivory, fabulous account of the wealth of Lake Ngami country in, 53; price of, among the Ba- tauana at first opening of the trade, 69; value of a day’s harvest in, 76; eagerness of African chiefs to trade in,: 77; accepted by Dr. Livingstone from Sebituane, 1903; price of, among the Makololo, 191; theft of Sekeletu’s tribute, 198; Dr. Livingstone’s men begin to col- INDEX. 697 JABIRU, lect, 493; no regular market for, existed in Central Africa, 531; Semalembue’s trade in, 567. Jabiru, the crane, 490. Jackal-skins used for karosses, 50 5 skins, dressed, the dress of the Balonda, 305. Jesuits, the, in Africa, their policy, 34; missionaries, good resulting from their labours, 382; coffee introduced into Angola by, 401; not popular in Tete, keen traders, their expulsion, 643. Jews of Angola, 442. Jinga, the, still independent in Angola, 422; burial-places of, 424; tribute paid by, to the King of Congo, 427. Jose, Antonio, his journey to Mo- zambique, 435. Journal, fate of Dr. Livingstone’s, 229. Journeys of discovery, Dr. Living- stone’s, departure of the first ex- pedition in 1849, 535 arrival at the Mokoko, 60; discovery of the Zouga, 63; discovery of Lake Ngami, 65; route of the second, in 1850, 74; interrupted by the breaking out of fever, 76; third, to Sebituane’s country, 77; dis- covery of the Zambesi, 90; pro- posed route of the fourth, start from Cape Town in 1852, 943 detention at Kuruman, 118-120; visit to Sechele, 1245 arrival in the Bamangwato country, 146 ; among the Bakalahari, 153; in- terrupted by fever, 168; dis- covery of the Sanshureh, 1743; crossing of the Chobe to Linyanti, 177; start from Linyanti, 203; ascent of the Leeambye in canoes, 211; excursion from Naliele, 221; discovery of the Leeba and Loeti, 222; change of route, 7b. ; start from Linyanti for Loanda, 227; reach Libonta, 249; the confluence of the Leeba and the Leeambye, 263; ascent of the Leeba, 265; arrival in Shinte’s town, 289; crossing the Loku- lueje into Katema’s country, 311; discovery of Lake Dilolo, 3245 the Kasai, change in the aspect of the country, 330; route changed from west to north-east, 343; passage of the Quango, ar- rival at Cassange, 365, 366 ; arrival at Loando, 389; return journey by a route farther eastward, 448 ; Linyanti reached, 500; fifth, projected to the east coast, two routes practicable, 506, 507 ; start from Linyanti, 515; final start from Kalai, number of the party, 526; reach the Kafue, 566; arrival at the Zambesi, 573; Zumbo, 5845 arrival at ‘Tete, 627; descent of the Zam- besi to Kilimane, 672. Kabinje, present of, to Dr. Living- stone, 330; refuses him a guides 331. KANGENKE, Kabompo, name of the Leeambye after its confluence with the Leeba, 222; colour of its waters, 265. Kafué, the, highlands of, overrun by the Makololo, 96; probably navi- gable, 483; country between Lin- yanti and, known to the Mako- lolo, 506; its mountains seen from Kisekise, 5543 its width at Semalembue'’s village, elevation of the country, 566; ford of, in a hilly, cultivated country, 568 ; crossing the hills to its confluence with the Zambesi, oxen lost on the journey, beauty of the scenery, 570, 571. Kahowe, the, a name of the Kafue, 566. Kaimbwa, his defeat of the Ba- zunga, 591. Kaisa, a Mashona chief, refuses the charge of Dr. Livingstone’s let- ters, 166. Kake, his rebellion against Sechele, 35. Kala, the, a rider on the buffalo, 252; peculiar species of, found in Angola, 546. Kalagwe Lake, probably the water- shed of the Zambesi and the Nile, 476. Kalahari desert, the, frogs of, 42, 43; best season for crossing, 46 5 its latitude and longitude, 47 5 de- scription of, 47-515 the South- African city of refuge, 51; rea- sons for the abundant vegetation of, 96, 975 hot electric wind of, its effects, 1233; aridity of, ac- counted for, 478, 479. Kalai, island fortress, surprised by Sebituane, 517; kotla and grave on, 518; Dr. Livingstone’s stay at, 524; parting from Sekeletu at, 526. Kale, a cataract of the Leeambye, 213. Kalomba, the village on, 331. Kalomo, the, a perennial stream flowing south to the Zambesi, 542; elephant without tusks met on, 545. Kaluze, the, fertile uncultivated valley of, 337. Kama-kama, passed by Dr. Living-~ stone on his route northward, 167. Kamane, the, a feeder of the Chik- apa, 448. Kamboela sets Dr. Livingstone’s party on the road from Bihe to Matiamvo, 359. Kamoenja, a hill range on the south bank of the Zambesi, 591. Kandehy, or Kandehai, beautiful valley of, described, 172, 173. Kane, Dr., the weeping of the Es- quimaux, 552. Kanesi, the, a stream of Londa, 455. Kangenke, sells his people to the Portuguese, 319; the hospitable virtues not cultivated by, 331; guides provided by, trick prac- tised by one, 332; exorbitant prices charged by his people, 333 ; extortion of his guides, 335 ; his guides advise a change of route, 343; their open mutiny, 352, 3535; Dr. Livingstone sends him KATENDE, a calico robe, 479; short-sighted wisdom of his slave-dealing, 483. Kangombe, chief of the Mambari, 218. Kanjele, hill range, north of the Ba- toka, 536. Kanne, wells of, guarded by the Bakalahari, 153. Kansala, a rapid on the Zambesi, 554; the Zambesi not explored to, 640. é Kanyata, Sekeletu appoints, to head Dr. Livingstone’s party, 513. Kanyika, a people shut out from in- tercourse with white men, 458. Kanyoka, a people on the Zambesi, Matiamvo's ivory-hunters, 458. Kanyonko, crossing of the Leeba at his village, 482. Kaonka, country of, bordering on the rebel Batoka, 541. Kapeude, liberal present of, 304. Kapopo, the, a sand-stream, 6113 passage of, 616. Karosses, African mattles, an ar- ticle of export, 50. Karueira, a hill overlooking Tete, 629. Kasabi, the, their stories of swollen rivers, 337; their eagerness to trade, their country populous, but uncultivated, 338 ; villages passed by Dr. Livingstone, 343. Kasai, or Loke, the well dug twelve miles from, 310; rivers flowing northwards to join, 329; valley of, 330; its resemblance to the Clyde, 332; no game found be- yond, 333; dangerous crossing of the flooded valleys of, 335, 3363 its feeders, 344; rivulets flowing north into, 356; true course of its feeders, 448; streams flowing into, its change of name on re- ceiving the Quango, 457; passage of, in spite of Kawawa, 469, 470; plains beyond, alive with birds and insects, 471. Kasala, an isolated pile of rock in the Quango valley, 376. Kasau, the, flows through a country with two rainy seasons and two harvests, 343. Kasendi, African fashion of swear- ing friendship, 488. Kashmir, revenue derived from njefu in, 664. Kasisi (the priest), a conical hill, 656. Katema, Dr. Livingstone on the borders of his country, 311; the birthright obtained by, 315; first presentation to, his libe- rality, his dress, and appearance, 319; his address to Dr. Living- stone, gracious acceptance of pre- sents, 320; the wild cows of, 3215 suspects Dr. Livingstone of witchcraft, 322; promises to pro- vide carriers, their disobedience, 323; friendliness of his people, their love of singing birds, 324; return of his guides, 329 5 resolu- tion to return to, 459; arrival at his village, visits Dr. Living- stone’s encampment, gratified by presents, 480; gives a wild cow in return, 4813; departure from his town, 482. Katende, entrance into his country, 698 INDEX. KATIMA. 329; sends for Dr. Livingstone, 333; refuses to see him, demands a price for passing through his couutry, 334, 335. Katima-molelo, a northward bend of the Leeambye, below the rapids, 213; widening of the river, after passing, 216 ; reaches of deep water between Mameta and, the haunts of hippopotami, 241, Katolosa, the “ Emperor Monomo- tapa,” 617; détour to avoid, 624; two tusks extorted, by threat of his interference, 626, his treach- ery to the Portuguese, 631, 632; tolls levied by, on the Zambesi, 642. Katonga, latitude of, the adjacent country described, 208, 209. Katongo, latitude of, unhealthiness of the district, 220, 221. Kawawa, funeral in his village, 467; pleasant conversation with, magic lantern exhibited, 468; his demand of tribute, opposes the crossing of the Kasai, 468, 469; outwitted, 470. Kebrabasa, a rapid above Tete, 554; of the Chicova, 604. Kengwe, water-melon of the African desert, 48. Khari, Sechele’s son, enslaved by the Boers, 125. Kidnapping of children for the slave-trade, 297. Kilbopechoe, his hunt after fright- ened oxen, 168; takes fever, 172. Kilimane, eastern terminus of Dr. Livingstone’s last journey, 94; journey to, delayed, 628; cha- racter of fever at, 630; provisions procured from, during the siege of Tete, 632; use of palm-toddy at, 639; failure of crops at, fa- maine, 652; house in, built by native carpenters, 662; incorve- nient position, 670; arrival at, letters from home, 672; situation of, its unhealthiness, 680. Kimbonda, or Ambonda, the, cha- racter of, 423. King-hunter, the, whistle of, 325. Kings, African respect for, 38. Kisafu, fowls offered in sacrifice, 407. Kisaka, or Choutama, his rebellion, burning of the Tete merchants’ plantations, 632; his ravages of the Maganja country, 657 ; Senna at the mercy of, 658. Kisama, See Quisamas. Kisekise, a hill in the Batoka coun- try, view from it, 554. Kiwe, a mountain range, 384. Kxoha, a dance of tae Bechuanas and Caffres, 146, 147. Kolimbota, accused of betraying the Balonda, 268; acts as spokes- man, 274; recommended to take a wife from the Balonda, 277; his fear of offending Shinte, 294; intrigues to be left with the Ba- londa, 296; his desertion of Dr. Livingstone, 483; kind treatment of, by Shinte, 484; his evil deeds, 488. Kolobeng, the, settlement on, irri- gation of the adjacent country, distressing droughts, 20, 21; at- LANDEENS, tack of the Boers, 393; corn brought to, from Kuruman, 42; Dr. Livingstone’s second start from, in 1850, 74; his return to, 76; mission station at, broken up and deserted, 92; first valley after leaving, 329; Makololo de- scription of Dr. Livingstone’s house at, 391; nest of a korwe found at, 613; depressing in- fluence of its long droughts, 590, 591. Komanga hills, range east of the Kafue, 570. Konde, the, beautiful valley of, 337. Kongwhane, the, scarlet insect on, 609. Koobe, well at, destroyed hy the rhinoceros, 161. Koodoo, the, found always near water, 56; on the Zouga, a smaller variety, 71. Korwe, the red-beaked hornbill, se- clusion of, while hatching its eggs, 613, 614. Kosi, Bakwain term for chief, 45. Kosimakate, his drowning himself in Lake Dilolo, 327. Kotla, the, importance of, in the do- mestic polity of the Bechuanas, 15; Shinte’s described, 291; ships’, according to the Makololo, 392, Krapf, supposed by Dr. Livingstone to be with Shinte, 289. Krieger, Commandant Gert, his jus- tification of slavery, 30; negotia- tions of, with Dr. Livingstone, 35. Kuabaoba, the straight-horned rhi- noceros, 71. Kukama, native name of the gems- buck, 56. Kumadua Lake, lowest point of the bason enclosing Lake Ngami, 66 ; rising and falling of its waters, 67, 68; the country of the Bat- letli, 85. Kumbanzo, an African chinchon- aceous tree, 6473; its bark a re- medy for fever, 648. Kuruman, mission church and set- tlement at, 8; the station farthest inland from the Cape, 9; trade established at, 28; visited by Dr. Livingstone before starting on his third journey, 77; Sebituane driven from in 1824, 84; district, desiccation of, its causes, foun- tains now flowing, 110, 111; landscape, flora of, 112, 113; summer nearly overin March,343. Kweelo. See Quilo, Kyanite, masses of, on hill ranges, 570. Lacerda, a traveller in the Balonda country, 305; his error as to the course of the Coanza, 357; his death at Cazembe’s town, his papers lost, 587. Lakes, great, of ancient Africa, 527 ; evidences of their gradual drain- age, 528, 529. Landeens, the, laid waste the Zam- besi islands, 6363; Caffres, their forays on the south bank of the Zambesi, 657; fines levied by, on Senna, 658; cruel attack of,'on LEEBA. Senna, 660; expelled the Portu- guese from Manica, 662; con- sider the whites a conquered tribe, 664. Langebongo, the, a branch of the Loeti, 222. Languages, directions for the pro- nunciation of African, 10 note; use of pronouns in the Bechuana, 13, 14; pbrases of, leading to confusion from _ similarity of sound, 58; the Sichuana, its co- piousness, simplicity of construc- tion, and conciseness, 113, 114 3 children’s patois, dialect of the Bamapela, 115; African, trace- able to two families, gradual merging of the dialects, 339 ; of the Batoka, 555. Lattakoo. See Kuruman. Lavradio, Count de, his recommen- dation of Dr. Livingstone to th Portuguese, 633. ; Lawrence Mills, Lowell, stamp on calico bought from native trad- ers, 597. - Lebeole, his admiration of the eland, 210; escorts Dr. Living- stone from Linyanti, 515. Leché, or lechwi, water-antelope, description of, its habitat, 71, 725 hunting of, in a flooded country, 204, 205. Lechulatebe, invitation from, to visit the Lake Ngami country, 53; history of his accession to the chieftainship, his umworthy treatment of Dr. Livingstone, 68 ; seeks to prevent a meeting with Sebituane, 69; agrees to furnish Dr. Livingstone with guides, 75 ; quarrel of, with the Makololo, 198-200; Makololo foray to pu- nish, 502. Leeambye, the. Sce Zambesi. Win- ter landscape on its banks de- scribed, 212; cataracts of, 213; its geology, its yearly inundation, 214; pirates of, 2345; rapids of, 237, 238; birds frequenting, 238- 241; species of flying fish found in, 241; iguanos and alligators, habits of the hippopotami, 241, 242; its banks at Naliele, birds frequenting them, 248, 249; un- healthy season on, 249; unin- habited districts of, teeming with animal life, birds described, 252, 253; its numerous’ branches a hindrance to travellers, 254; the alligators of, 254, 255; marly sandstone banks of, 260; abun- dance of animal life following the course of, 261; signification of the name, 519. Leeba, or Loiba, its confluence with the Leeambye, 221; its latitude, 2633; a navigable river, 264, 2653 beauty and fertility of the coun- try bordering, 265-267 5 con- fluence of with the Makondo, 2713; few birds or fish found in, 273; the Makololo unwilling to ascend, 276; passage of, 306; a Makololo village on, projected, 482; confluence with the Lee- ambye, the best site, 483; larger than the Coanza at Massangano, canoe descent of, 486. LEFUJE. Lefuje, the, a rapid stream joining the Leeba, 286. Lehututu, African turkey, a ser- pent-eater, 432. Leina, the, an oration of candidates for the rank of men, 147. Lekone, or Lekwine, the, crossing of, 517; march from Kalai to, 526; flows, with a contrary cur- rent, in the old bed of the Zam- besi, 527. Lepeldle, Dr. Livingstone’s six months’ seclusion at, its advan- tage, 9; settlement at, broken up, 10 Lepelole, the cave of, the habitation of the Bakwain’s deity, 124. Leprosy, a disease of Africans, 605. Lerimo, foray of, on the Leeba, 245 ; ill of leprosy, 503. Leshonya, an ant of South A frica,135. Letléche, ten days’ distant from Lake Ngami, visited by Dr. Liv- ingstone in 1842, 10; well sup- plied with water, Mr. Gordon Cumming’s northern station, 151. Lezuntabuea, means of defence of the, 610. Libebe, boundary of the great cen- tral lake of ancient Africa, 527. Libollo, the, mountains in Angola, 383. the, an independent people of Angola, 407; reputation of, 423. Libonta, its latitude, 221; multi- tudes of game above, 223; deten- tion at, 249; captives restored at, its situation, 250; arrival at, joy- ous welcome, solemn assembly, 492 ; departure from, 494. Lichen, found floating on the San- shureh, 174. Lightning apt to strike the mopane, avoids the morala, 165. Lighthouse, a, required at Militone for safe navigation of the Zam- besi, 673. Likuare, the, forming with the tide and the Luare, the Kilimane river, 670. Likwa, the, source of, Sebituane’s birthplace, 84. Lilonda, a Barotse capital, grove, relics of Santuru, 219. Limboa, his flight from the Mako- lolo country, established in Ny- enko, his rivalry of Masiko, 485 ; his son brought from Nyenko, on Nananko’s election, 489; pro- ceeds to extremities in the quarrel with Masiko, defeated, 497. Limpopo, the, visited by English travellers in 1808, 14; great size of elephants on, 564. Linangelo, a town submerged by the Zambesi, 216. Linkololo, the, an African crow, a shellfish eater, 494; the young esteemed a dainty, 495. Linongolo, a shell-eating bird, 252. Linyanti, arrival of Dr. Livingstone at, 177; his reception at, 1783 flight of the Mambari from, 181 ; latitude and longitude of, 203; country between Sesheke and, described, 203, 2045 infested by tsetse, 227; Dr. Livingstone’s final start from, 231; at, March the height of summer, 343; re- INDEX. LIVINGSTONE. turn from the west to, 500; as- sembly called to receive the tra- veller’s report, resolutions, 501 5 Dr. Livingstone’s occupation at, 510; departure by night from, a thunder-storm, 515, 516. Lion, the, peculiar species of fasci- nation of, over his prey, 123; na- ture of wounds from the teeth of, 13; ‘‘man-eaters” accounted for, 136; its fear of man, 137, 138; its courage and strength over- rated, 139; manner of seizing prey, of feeding, 140; roar of, 141 ; its colour, a maneless va- riety, 141, 1425; inferior in strength to the buffalo, 142 ; Bushman mode of hunting, 171; angry roaring of, 173; large size and loud roar of, near Libonta, 223; a man killed by, at Libonta, 250; the Mopane country overrun by, no check on their increase, 615. Lip, piercing the upper, a mode of decoration, 577; a tin button worn in, on the Zambesi, 597. Litloo, a bean yielding underground, 639. Litofe, hasty journey from, to Gonye, 226; at, Dr. Livingstone issues orders to prevent a foray, 245. Litubaruba, residence of Sebituane, 85 ; a town of Sechele’s, 124; grey sandstone at, 603. Liula, shamed out of niggardliness, 460. Livingstone, Dr., his parentage, 2; early education, 3; choice of pro- fession, 6; admitted a licentiate of the Faculty of Physicians, 7 ; his marriage, 8; details of the various years spent in Africa by, 8*; wounded by a lion, 12; ac- cused of lending cannon to the Bakwains, 36, 38; finally leaves Kolobeng, sends his family home, 92, 93; practice and reputation of, as a physician, among the Bechuanas, 130-132; determina- tion of, to avoid inference in the practice of native doctors, 188 5 his refusal to trade, 189; presents of, to Sekeletu, 191; attacked by fever at Linyanti, 194; tries to negotiate peace between the Ba- londa and the Makololo, 273-277 ; prepares to start from Linyanti for the coast, 227, 228; his escort, 228; last instructions to Seke- letu, 229; provision for his jour- ney, 230; details of the day in his travelling, 243, 244; refuses to give “gun medicine,” his de- ficiencies as a marksman, 258; refuses Shinte’s present of a slave, 297; his discourse on slavery, 298; difficulties with his escort, 306-308; observations for longi- tude and latitude taken by, 306; narrow escape from drowning, 336, 3373; quells a mutiny of his men, 347; attacked by fever, in danger from the Chiboque, 348, 349 ; his men propose to return, 353; at Cassange, 370; his lec- tures to the Makololoon political economy, 373; hesitation of his followers to proceed to the coast, 699 LOPUBU. 374; reaches Loando, worn out by fever, 339; learns the disasters of the Russian war, 435; twenty- seventh attack of fever, 472; in- troduces the fruits of Angola into Londa, 484, 485; inadvertently a blood-relation, 489; loses his skill in woodcraft, 491; again at Linyanti, 500; fifth journey pro- jected by, 506; indebted for his outfits to the Makololo, 516; tribes composing his band, system of discipline established, 533 ; reasons for his anxious wish to reach the east coast safely, 585 5 providential circumstances lead- ing him to regard the exploring of Africa as his proper work, 677, 678. Livingstone, Robert, his visit to Sebituane, 89, 90. Livoa, the, a feeder of the Leeba, 315. Loajima, the, attack of the Chiboque on one of its branches, 348 ; hos- tile party at a ford of, 350; crossing of, on an extempore bridge, 448, 449. Loambo, the, Chebende’s village on, 482. Loanda, Dr. Livingstone prepares to go to, 227; Balonda wax ex~ ported from, 285; capital of An- gola, 369; government of, its regulations for the carriage of merchandise, 385, 386; fruit im- ported from the Senza plains to, 3883 arrival at, 389; admiration of the Makololo, 391 ; regarded as a penal settlement, its convict soldiers, 396; soothing climate of, grant of the government to Seke- letu, 397; capabilities of for rail- way construction, 404, 405; em- bassy from the Jinga to, 428; priests in, men of colour, 426; second visit of the Makololo to, 501; island of, its population, trade in fish, 394. Loange, the, the western boundary of Londa, 447. Loangwa, the, Makololo plunderers turn back at, 503; Ma-Mburuma offers canoes to cross, 582; fears of attack, 584; crossing accom- plished safely, 585 ; friendly part- ing with guides, 586; march from, through wooded hills, 588. Loapula, the, the eastern branch of the Zambesi, 476; south-west- ward course of, 503. Lobale, the people of, plundered by Dr. Livingstone’s Makalaka, 222; slaves purchased from, 290 ; rain- flooded plains of, 308-310; fugi- tives from, on account of the slave-trade, 319. Lobotani well, north-west of Ba- mangwato, 54 ; return of the oxen to, 55. Locusts, used as food, 42. Loembwe, the, valley of, described, 465 5; open country beyond, 466. Loeti, the, confluence of, with the Leeambye, 222. Loey-cave, introduced into an Afri- can tradition, 528. Lofubu, the, ascent of, to visit a coal-seam, 633 ; navigable, 635, 700 INDEX. LOFUJE. Lofuje, the, Nyamoana’s village on, 486. Lohaheng, a Bakwain cave, 124. Lokalueje, the, hippopotami found in, 3113; difficulties in crossing, its course, mosala left by inunda- tion, 312; Mozinkwa’s home on, deserted, 482. Loke, the. See Kasai. Lokole, the, hills of, 625. Lolo, the, rivers uniting to form, country watered by, 323. Lolua, the, situation of Matiamvo with respect to, 457. Lombe, the, mishap in crossing, 381; fall at its confluence with the Coanza, 426; open country near, 428. Lonaje, villages on the, 305. Londa, or Lunda, chiefs of, friendly to strangers, 221; wariness of hippopotami in the rivers of, 242; the game of, 279, 280; moist climate of, 280, 306; cause of its freedom from tsetse, 337 5 only of late years pussible to rear cattle in, 338; the slave- market of western Africa, fer- tility of its soil, 357; want of animal food in, villages and vil- lagers of, 358; colour, hair-dress- ing of eastern tribes, 449-451 5 eagerness of villagers to trade, 466, 467; probable centre of civilization and commerce in, 483; products of Angola, brought by Dr. Livingstone’s party to, 484; no frogs in, toads on the Leeba banks, 487; no salt found in, 560. Longe, the, a branch of the Chi- hombo, 344; crossed by Dr. Liv- ingstone, 346. Lopane, caterpillar, feeding on the mopane, 164. Lopepe, Dr. Livingstone’s second visit to, 54; flight of Sebituane’s cattle to, 85; wells of, found dry, 134. Losito, hornblende schist succeed- ing trap, at, 566; deserted Mata- bele encampment near, 568. Lotembwa, the, a feeder of the Chi- fumadze, 315; tedious crossing of, 318; aquatic plants of, oppo- site currents of, 473; Northern meeting with Kangenke’s people, 479; Southern, abundance of fish caught in, 482. pay Lotete, the, change of vegetation in the country bordering, 419. Lotlakani, the palmyra trees of, 61. Lotsa, or lokesh, the millet, 312. Lotus, pools near Kama-kama over- grown with, 167. Loyanke insists on a conviction of theft, 307, 308; paid the passage of the Chipaka, 356. Loyela, an island of the Leeambye, 224. Lozeze, passage of the rivulet, 337. Luabo, or Cuama, the, masters of its southern bank, 673. Luapnra, the, flowing past Cazembe, 640. Luare, the, a stream of the Quango valley, 376; brackish water of, 431; uniting with the Likuare to form the Kilimane river, 670. MAHAR. Luba, information learned from traders to, 457; foreign traders excluded from, staples of com- merce, 458. Lubata, Senhor, entertains Dr. Liv- ingstone at Massangano, 404, Lucalla, the, river draining Am- baca, 381; Dr. Livingstone’s de- scent of, 402; mode of drawing water on, 403; détour from, 419; fertility of the district drained by, 428. Luenya, the, gold found in its sands, 605; Nyaude’s stockade at its confluence with the Zambesi, 631; accidents rendering it the key to Tete, 632. Lui, the, a stream at the foot of Tala-Mungongo, 376; banks of, clothed with fruit-trees, 431. Luia, the, gold found in, 605 ; sand- streams running into, 611. Luinha, streams forming the, 387; iron-foundry at the confluence of the Lucalla and, 402, Lupata, the, gorge of, on the Zam- besi, 566; grey sandstone, the underlying rock from Zumbo to, 603; country between Zumbo and, a coal-field, 635; gorge of, described, 655, 656. Lurilopepe, passed by Dr. Living- stone on his northward route, 169. Mababe, the, a branch of the Tzo, 67 ; reached by Dr. Livingstone’s expedition when in want of water, 79; infested with mos- quitoes, 80. Mabotsa, the valley of, its latitude and longitude, missionary station in, 11. Mabue-asula, a low hill on the Ka ae, 569; view of hill ranges from, 570. Marabe, Mr., his journey to Lake Ngami, fined by the Boers, 122. Macaulay, character of the High- landers according to, 2. “ Machaka,’ battle-axe men, ser- vice required from, 204. Maclear, Thomas, assistance given by, to Dr. Livingstone, 93; op- portunity given Dr. Livingstone of practising his instructions, 163. M‘Lune, Commander, lost, coming into Kilimane, 672. Madagascar, spread of Christianity in, by unaided Bible teaching, 115. Madeira, project of emigration from, to Africa, 660. Magaliesberg. See Cashan. Maganja country, the, winding of the Lupata gorge into, 656; ra- vaged by Kisaka, 657. Maganja mountains, a range ter- minating in Morumbala, 661. Magic-lantern, an important part of Dr. Livingstone’s equipment, 230; at the village of Nyamoana, 278; showed toShinte’s court, 298. Mahalapi, the, a dry river bed, 150. Mahale, Sebituane’s ambassador to Kolobeng, Dr. Livingstone’s host, 83, 845; undertakes the care of Dr. Livingstone’s effects, 230. Mahar, an Englishman shot in mis- take by the Barolongs, 122, MAKOLOLO. Mahonta, island on the Chobe, 177. Mai, the Kasai at, described, 457 ; situation of, 458. Maila, Sunday spent at, 166. Majane, rightful chief of the Bana- joa, 80. Makabe, chief of the Bangwaketse, defeated by Sebituane, 85. Makaldka, the, latitude of their country, Dr. Livingstone’s first visit to, 10; serfs of the Ma- kololo, 186; incorporated with the Makololo, 197 ; cereals, fruits, cultivated by, 197; lechwé, hunt- ing of, 204, 205; more dexterous watermen than the Makololo, 211; plundering propensities of, 222; pirates of the Leeambye, 234; an offence of, against the Makololo, referred to Sekeletu, 2345; love of, for their mothers, 309. Makare, the, coal seam on, 634. Makoa, Bechuana appellation for white men, its derivation, 201. Makoe, a stream running westward, into the Kafue, 556. Makololo, the tribe of Sebituane, 68; welcome given by the, to Dr. Livingstone, 83; their selling boys for printed stuffs, 91; assist- ance given by, to Dr. Livingstone in the floods of the Chobe, 177; execution of a criminal by, 182; mode of determining civil and criminal suits among, 183, 1845 Jewish custom obtaining among, 135; their liability to febrile diseases, ib. ; colour of, treatment of women by, 186 ; costume, orna- ments of women, their behaviour during religious service, 1875 pursuit of literature by, 189; trade established among, 1913 cattle of, 192; their ideas of beauty, 192, 193; dressed hides, arms of, 193); hospitality of, 195, 196; agriculture generally de- spised by, 196, 1975; origin of, 197; peaceful policy recom- mended to, 199; their contempt for Lechulatebe, 200; mode of slaughtering and _ distributing animals, of eating, 206; huts of, 207; their self-respect, 221; their devouring of meals, cere- munial dance of, 225; mode of accepting a trust, 230; customs modifying their lordship over the Makalaka, 2345 punishment of theft, taught by Dr. Livingstone, 235; their honesty compared with Balonda and Makalaka, 308 ; reputation of, in Londa, 318; idea of the world, 388, 389 ; beneficial effects of contact with civiliza- tion on, 390, 392; their industry, 392; sagacity in traffic, 393; patient endurance of, 408; their character in Angola, 429; agri- cultural tastes of, 439, 440; peace with, proclaimed with joy, 490; Dr. Livingstone’s party returns impoverished to, 493; willing- ness of, to establish a trade with the west, 501; mortality among, during Dr. Livingstone’s absence, 5033; careless life of, 508; their inconsistencies, 510, INDEX. 701 MAKONDO, 511; sentiments of, statesmen, 514. Makondo, the, a branch of the Leeba, 271; its latitude, a tsetse district, 487. Makoma, his captive tribesmen, restored to, 255. Malachite, worked by the people of Cazembe, 651. Malange, geology of the district round, 429. Malaria, its causes, 509, 510. Maleke killed by a mad dog, 127. Malova, palm wine, 411. Malta, armour of the Knights of, 166. Maluti, mountaineers of the, canni- bals, 202. Mambari, the, slave-traders, 91; slave-traders, flight of, on Dr. Livingstone’s appearance at Lin- yanti, 181 ; besieged, released at Dr. Livingstone’s intercession, 216; dismissed by Santuru, their family, appearance, and habits, 218; information given by, con- cerning Loanda, 227; extensive trade of, 271; fiction as to the origin of white men, 289; the western country often visited by, 330; monopoly of, 333; fable of white men’s traffic, 384; their monopoly of trade exposed to Shinte, 483. Mambowe, hunters, their mode of stalking game, present to Dr. Livingstone, 4905 join his party, 491; leave him at Naliele, 496. Ma-Mburuma, arrival at her vil- lage, 582; readiness of her people to converse, their suspicion of Dr. Livingstone, 583. Mamire, his farewell conversation with Dr. Livingstone, 513, 514. Ma-mochisane, Sebituane’s daughter and successor, 90; appointed head of the tribe, resigns, 179. Mamosho, or moshomosho, the most palatable fruit of the Banyeti, 237; fruit-tree of the Leeambye forests, 260. Manakalongwe, a pass of the Ba- mangwato hills, 150. Manchester goods, African admira- tion for, 271. Manchunyane, Dr. interest in, 508. Maneko, a fruit with horny rind, 535. Manenko, female chief of the Ba- londa, 268; Dr. Livingstone’s delay on her account, 269, 270; declines to visit her, 271; the mother of, 273; her appearance at a conference, 276; political opinions of, 277; falls foul of Masiko’s people, 278; prevents Dr. Livingstone’s embarkation, 279; escorts Dr. Livingstone, her official attendants, 251; her re- solute spirit, 282; vexing delays of, 287; agrees to proceed to Shinte’s residence, 288; appro- priates Shinte’s ox, 295; unable to meet Dr. Livingstone on his return, 488. Manga, a flat country, bordering on the Loeti, 261. Mango, the, plain of, 222. Manica, the ancieut Ophir, 637 ; the Livingstone’s MASIKO. finest gold country of Eastern Africa, 661. Manioc, roots’presented by Balonda chiefs to Dr. Livingstone, 278, 279; of Shinte’s town, six feet high, 295; mode of cultivating and reaping, 302,303 ; process ren- dering the poisonous variety eat- able, 303 ; the sweet variety, man- ner of preparing the farina, 367; various uses of, 425; unwhole- some as a sole article of diet, 455. Mantatees, name given to native volunteer workmen, 33. Manyeti. See Banyeti. Maps, native, accuracy of, 529, 530. Maravi, the, custom of piercing the upper lip observed by, 577; a family of tribes north of the Zambesi, at war with the Portu- guese, 595. Maravi country, sea-current in old times deflected towards, 626; coal cropping out in, 634 ; earthquakes in, 641; the buaze found in, 646. Maravi Lake. See Nyanja. Marble, pink, the bed of the Mbai, 560. March of Dr. Livingstone’s party described, 204. Marile, the, a branch of the Lee- ambye, 223; Dr. J.ivingstone’s passage down the, 224. Marimba, the, a musical instru- ment, 293. Marimba, arrival at his villages, 5345; aspect of the country, 536. Maroro, or malolo, the, fruit of, like the custard apple, 266, 267. Marriage, mode of contracting among the Banyai, 622 ; generally in Africa, privilege of a Banyai wife, 623. Marquis, Laurence José, Com- mandant of Icollo i Bengo, 398 ; promoted to be Commandant of Ambaca, 418. Masebele, wife of Sechele, her flight from the Boers, 118. Ma-Sekelutu, meeting with Dr. Livingstone at the town of, 224 ; supports Dr. Livingstone against Mpololo, 245; prepares for Dr. Livingstune’s journey, 513. Mashauana, his good omen, 239; his warning to Dr. Livingstone, 249; his duties as head boatman, 250, 251; his prayer to the alli- gator, 255; gives his cloth to Kangenke’s guides, 333; his fall, 361; his devotion, 430; finds his wife married in his absence, 496 ; plunged in the river by a hippo- potamus, 498. Mashinga mountains, gold, found by Portuguese in, 595. Mashona, the, weavers and dyers, 41; a, proposes accompanying Dr. Livingstone, 596, Mashiie, spot whence the Kalahari desert road diverges from the Bamangwato hill, 54; flight of Sebituane’s cattle to, 85; its de- licious water, 135; country adja- cent to, undermined by mice, 142. Masiko, Santuru’s son, _ rebels against Sekeletu, 245; his slave- dealing reproved, 263, 264; his influence among the Ambonda, 269 ; embassy from, presents, his MBAI,. willingness to make peace with the Makololo, 277; Manenké offended with, 278; return of the embassy, 279; prevents Shinte cultivating the friendship of the Makololo, 483; quarrel of, with his brother Limboa, 485; Dr. Livingstone’s message to, pro- testing against war, 489; his message and presents to Dr. Liv- ingstone, 496; history of his fight with Limboa, 497. Massangano, confluence of the Lu- calla and Coanza at, 381; visit of Dr. Livingstone to, 402 ; beauty of the approach to, 403; situation, latitude of the town, 404; rail- way to Loanda proposed, 404, 405 ; ruined churches in, the fort, 405; history of, fires in, 406; domestic fowls fitted for hot climates, near, 407. Masuka, a fruit tree of the Batoka, 552. Matebele, the, Sebituane’s cattle seized by, 85; driven from the Zambesi by Sebituane, 86 ; impri- soned on the Zambesi, 88; boun- daries of the, 201; bring Dr. Livingstone’s goods to the south bank of the Leeambye, 499; the Makololo, suspect an importation of witchcraft, 450 ; treacherously murdered by Moyara’s father, 530. Mathuluani, a pool of the Kalahari desert, 61; wells of, found dry, 153. Matiamvo, paramount chief of the Balonda, 288; migration of one of his villages, mode of dressing the beard peculiar to his people, 305 ; an hereditary title, absolute power of, madness of its former holder, 317; his tyranny and slave-dealing, 318; wild herd of, 3215 interview with an old com- rade of, 322, 323; his wish for a cannon gratified, 436; situation of his town, 457; policy of visit- ing, 458; character of his govern- ment and people, 459; begging of children of the late, 460; his sentiments towards Kawawa, 469; Cazambe, a vassal of, 587. Matlametlo, native name of an edible frog, 42; its habits, 43. Matlokotloko, Mosilikatse’s resid- ence, 543. Matlomagan-yani, chain of springs in tufa, 78. Maundo, ahill frequented by honey- guides, 547. Maunku, embarkation at, 231. Mauritius, the, profit of free labour in, 398; African flower - roots carried to, 542; free labour in spite of difficulties, successful in, 679. Mayabathu, the, African eannibals, 202. Mazaro, the, Zambesi at, 664; na- vigation from, to the sea, 665. Mazanzwe range, the, ruined houses on, 586; oxen knocked up in the hills behind, 588. Mazoe, the, its sands washed for gold, 605; beyond the Lekole hills, 625. Mbai, the, flowing through a beauti- ful country, 560; the Portuguese ignorant of its marbles, 629. 702 INDEX. MBOELA. Mboela, Mambari name of Nyenko, 485. Mboenga deserts from Dr. Living- stone, 489; takes Nyamoana’s gift, Dr. Livingstone’s message to him, 490. Mburuma, attempts to raise his tribe against Dr. Livingstone, 578; arrival at his village, 580; visit from his brother, 5815; suspicious conduct of his guides, 5825 Dr. Livingstone distrusted by his people, 583; Dr. Livingstone’s present to, 586. Mead, a cure for fever, 296; of the Balonda, 299. Mebalwe, a native schoolmaster, his courage in a lion-hunt, 11-13. Medicine, native practice of, 129- 131; knowledge of, an aid to missions, 188; elephant, the, ini- tiated in, leader of the hunt, 599 ; a good price offered for, 600. Medicines asked for as charms, 581; list of native African, 649, 650 note. Melita, at, rendezvous of the Bang- waketse, to destroy the Makololo, 84, Mellot, Senhor, his kind entertain- ment of Dr. Livingstone, 383; Dr. Livingstone’s companion, from the Calvi to the Quango, 418. Melons, water, of the Kalahari desert, described, 48; large crop of 1852, 121, 122, Menye-makaba, an island on the Zambesi, feud of its several classes of inhabitants, 574; deten- tion at, 575. Merchandise, compulsory carriage of, in Angola, 385, 386. Mesembryanthemums of Cape Colony, their secreting of mois- ture in drought, 99; propagated by the Boers in arid districts, 100. Mice, multitudes of, near Mashue, their haymaking, 142; an article of food, 333. Micombo, a Jesuit settlement near Tete, described, 643. Miland, Mr., his plantations and garden near Sanza, 379. Milk, a substitute for salt, 27; im- portance of, to the Bechuanas,160 ; Portuguese prejudice against, 421. Milo, the African medlar, 260. Mines, company projected to work East African, 660. Mirage of the desert salinas, 62. Miranda, Lieutenant, Dr. Living- stone’s escort to the coast, 652; prepares for defence at Shiramba, 657; hires Dr. Livingstone’s men for the ascent of the Zambesi, 658 5 resignation of his commis- sion, 659; volunteers to disperse Kisaka’s band, 663. Mission, Dr. Livingstone’s, esta- blished at, Mabotsa, 11; at Sho- kuane, 19; removal to Kolobeng, 20; circumstances of the native tribes adverse to, 27; difficulties from without, 29; destroyed by the Boers, 39. Missionaries, expediency of their trading discussed, 33, 345 their daily work described, 41; pati- MOHORISI. ence and an enterprising spirit, necessary qualifications of, 116, 117 5 resources and necessary ex- penditure of, 190; Jesuit, high reputation of, 410; permanence of their teaching, 411. Missionary addresses, prominent theme of, 3175 difficulty of con- veying, through an interpreter, 320. Missionary efforts, indirect good influence of, 19; serious hin- drances to, in Africa, 275; pro- moted by trade, 28; the Bible a substitute for, 115 ; circumstances weakening, in South Africa, 116 ; mistakes in, 117; injury done by sectarianism to, 118; apparent ill success of, good insensibly derived from, 158; ill directed, 505; district of Africa best pre- pared for, 505, 506; all earnest labour, in some measure, 673, 674; importance of an established commerce to, 675. Missionary life, definitively em- braced by Dr. Livingstone, 8 ; qualifications necessary for, 8}, 20; toils, privations, compensa- tions of, 40. Missionary societies, stations Africa to be occupied by, 676. Missionary teaching, advantages re- sulting from, to Griquas and Bechuanas, 107-109. Mitilone, proposed as a port of the Zambesi, 662; jighthouse and village at, proposed, 673. Moamba, the, latitude of, 453; geo- logical structure of its slopes, 454. Mobala, last friendly chief met in the descent of the Zambesi, 578. Mobola, a fruit dried by the Ban- yati, 237. Mochoasele, the first Bechuana who learned the existence of white men, 14. Moenda en Goma, hills at the en- trance of Lupata, 656. Moene Dilolo, entertains Dr. Liv- ingstone, 479. Moeua, Kilkanje, border Chiboque chief, 446. Moffat, Mr., missionary settlement of, at Kuruman, 8; dam made by him at Kuruman, 110; his ‘Scenes and Labours in South Africa,’ translation of the Bible, 113, 114; receives Sechele’s children, Sechele’s letter to, 118, 119; packages sent by, lodged on an island, 500; curious meteoro- logical phenomenon observed by, 595, 596. Mogametsa, an African bean, 260. Mohango, a pass through wooded hills, 582. Mohatla, an aromatic shrub, 112. Mohetolo, the indigo plant, 71. Mohohu, Bechvana term for the white rhinoceros, 611. Mohonono bush, thickets of, its edible bark, 167. Mohorisi, taunts Lerimo with cowardice, 245; his boldness during the attack of the Chi- boque, 342; comforts Dr. Liv- ingstone with assurances of fide- lity, 353, 3545; projects a Mako- lolo village on the Leeba, 482; in MONZE, marries a wife in Katema’s town, 489; his readiness to promote direct trade with Europeans, 526. Mohotluane, the wells of, destroyed by digging too deeply, 55. Moisture sensibly cooling the at- mosphere, 417. Mokantsa, a tall Bushman, 165. Mokoko, the, a dry river-bed of the Kalahari desert, 60; an- ciently spreading to a large lake, 61; temporary flood of, 159. Mokokonyani, a water-pool in the bed of the Mokoko, 61. Mokoronga, the, a fruit-tree, in the Mopane country, 611. Mokorozi, the, a rivulet feeding the Zambesi, 634; gold-washing in, 637. Mokuri, herbaceous creeper with tuberous root, 48; an edible tuber of the Mopane country, 625. Mokwa-reza, the, its cry, in habits . resembling the cuckoo, 559. Mokwala, his present to Dr. Livy- ingstone, 498. Mokwanka, a district bordering on the Leeba, recently occupied by Shinte, 307. Mokwine, Batoka of, sent with Dr. Livingstone, 5333; bad feel- ing of his tribesmen towards Monahin, 620. Mola, an African forest tree, 536. Molekane, an address inciting to hospitality, 148. Moles eaten by Katende’s people, 333. Molinge, the, a sand river falling into the Nake, 607. Molompi, wood used for paddles, 205; found in the Londa forests, 284, Molondo, a fruit-tree of the Batoka, 552. Monahin, a Makololo in command of Batoka, 533; attacked by in- sanity, leaves the camp, 619 ; his unfortunate position with the Batoka, vain search for, 620. Monakadzi, a mountain, the source of the Lefuje, 286; valley stretching to the ridges of, 289; its height above the valley, 544. Mona-Kalueje, the, a branch of the Lokalueje, 315. Monasteries, lessons to be learned from, 117. Monato, African acacia, 54. Monenga, heroine of the tradi- tionary story of Lake Dilolo, 327. Money, calico a substitute for, 380, 635; fish, 403; salt, 407. Monina, arrival at his village, his popularity, 617; boys sent to be educated in his household, 618 ; hostile demonstrations of his young men, 619; his wives sub- mit to the ordeal “ muavi,’ 620. Monomotapa, degeneracy of the present, honours paid by the Portuguese to the former, 617. Mononga-zambi, a fruit-tree on the table-land overlooking the Quango valley, 377. Monteiro, Major, his visit to Ca- zembe, 640. Monze, paramount chief of the Batoka, his reception of Dr. Liv- ingstone, 554; a substitute for INDEX. - MOON. the slave-trade proposed, the set- tlement of a missionary in his country, 555; a discourager of Bashukulompo fashions, 5563 visit to his sister’s village, meet- ing with an old acquaintance, 5575; pleasure expressed at the prospect of peace, 558. Moon, new, Makololo custom of greeting the, 235. Mopane tree, edible insect secretion on its leaves, 1643; described, 165. Mopane country, entrance into the, 607; elepant hunt in, 608; sing- ing birds of, 609; the white rhi- noceros extinct in, 611; the korwe a frequenter of, its nest described, its voluntary imprison- ment, 612, 613; abundance of game in, 615; edible tnbers, geo- logical structure of, 625. Mopato, or mepato, guilds of Caffre and Bechuana soldiery, 147 ; their customs and rights, 148; their fidelity to duty, 168; their duty to the chief, 204, Morala tree, a protection against lightning, 165. Morality, Sekomi’s notion of, 146; of a Bushman, misunderstood, from ignorance of his language, 159. Moremi, chief of the Batauana, con- quered by Sebituane, 68; his second meeting with Dr. Living- stone, 177. Moremi, a village on the Chobe, 233. Moretloa, a resinous shrub, 1123 supple rods used in the “sechu,” 146. Moriantsane, Sebituane’s brother- in-law, 234; enforces order dur- ing religious service, 2355; pro- vides supplies of food, 236; escorts Dr. Livingstone to the confluence of the Chobe, 516. Moroa-Majane, services of, guide, 80. Morongozi, the, bed of coal, exposed on, 633, 634. Morumbala, termination of the Lupata gorge, 656; a mountain east of Senna, its sulphurous spring, 661; proposed as the site of a new town, 662. Mosala, a large fish found in the Zouga, its resemblance to the eel, 172; spread, by inundation, over the Barotse valley, 261; overspreading plains flooded by the Lokalueje, 312. Mosamba range, the, rise of the Quango in, 440. Mosantu, sent as escort with Barotse captives to Masiko, 263; his message, 264; anxiety of his comrades concerning, 271 ; arrival of, with the embassy from Ma- siko, 277; checks an officious mutineer, 348. Moshesh, his fondness for agricul- ture, 196 ; paramount chief of the Bakoni and Basuto family, 202. Moshoma, or mokuchong, an African fruit-tree, 70. Moshuka, a tree bearing fruit like apples, 534. as MOZINKWA. Mosibe, a bean, eaten with honey, 236. Mosilikatze, character of, 303; his attack on Sebituane, his defeat, 87; his ill success in a second attack, 88; his people, Mr. Moffat’s messengers, 499; mis- trusted by the Makololo, 500; his overrunning the Batoka country, 544, Mosioatunya, on the Leeba, 264. — native name of the Victoria falls, its meaning, 518; garden planted by Dr. Livingstone above, 524, 525. Mosisinyane, head man of Dr, Liv- ingstone’s Banajoa, 533. Mosogo, hospitality of his wife to Monenga, 327. Mosquitoes, of the Senza, 388; follow muddy rivers, 398. Mosses in African forests, 356. Mosusa, elephants chased from an island near his village, 598, 599; salt manufactured by his people, 600. Motemwa, the axe-shaped hill, 591. Motete carriers’ poles, 380. Motibe, first scholar of the Mako- lolo, 188, 189; his opinions on dancing, 225, 226 ; advised reproof to Sekeletu, 503; justifies ma- rauding, 514. Motirikwe, the, a stream flowing through Manica, 662. Motito, meeting of Dr. Livingstone and Sechele at, 120. Motlatsa, insufficient supply of water at, 153; friendliness of the Bakalahari at, 157; Dr. Living- stone leaves, 159. Motlose, African jackal, 50. Motondo, the, a fruit-tree, excel- lence of its timber, 602. Motsikiri, an evergreen, bearing a fruit yielding oil, 535. Motsintsela, fruit of the, 232. Motsouri, the, an African fruit-tree, 70; fruit of the, 232. Motuia, of the Londa forests, 284. Mowanas- baobabs, 70; described, its obstinate vitality accounted for, 162, 163. Moyara, a day spent at his village, discussion on its ornaments of skulls, 530; proposes a protection against tsetse, saved from Ma- kololo imperiousness, 531. Mozambique, journey of two native traders from Loanda to, 435 ; Eng- lish goods from, exchanged for ivory, 567; lime brought from, to Tete, 629; guns declared con- traband by the Government of, 636; inefficiency of the Govern- ment of, 660; the Governor of, his offer of a passage in the Zambesi, 672 5 advantage of pro- claiming it a free port, 673. j Mozambique, the Zambesian, La- cerda’s and Dr. Livingstone’s astronomical observatious on, 655. Mozinkwa, his hospitable entertain- ment of Dr. Livingstone, his house and garden described, 314 ; painful meeting with, 482. Mozinkwa’s wife, her request to Dr. Livingstone, her premature death, 314. MURCHISON, Mozinkwa, the Zambesian, deten- tion on his island, 595; desertion of a Batoka to, 596; bitten by a hyena, 600. Mozunga, the, Dr. Livingstone proves himself not one of, 593. Mozungo, Monomotapa’s son, his history, 642. Mozuma, the, or river of Dila, 547; lignite found on its banks, ruined towns on, 548; the country once rich in cattle, 549. Mpakane, his marauding on the Zambesi, 583; never reached the coufluence with the Loangwa, 585, 586. Mpata, a gorge of the Zambesi, 582. Mparia, an island at the confluence of the Chobe and the Leeambye, its geology, 233; night spent on, 234; its position, geological struc- ture, 5163; detention in, 517. Mpende, warning against, 589; beauty of his country, 590; arrival at his village, doubtful reception, 591; insulting hostility of the villagers, preparations for war, 592; Dr. Livingstone’s mes- sage and present to, meeting of council, conference with Sek- webu, 593; provides canoes for the passage of the Zambesi, 594; Dr. Livingstone’s thank offering, to, 595; game laws enforced be- yond his country, 599. Mpepe, intrigues of, to succeed Sebituane, 179 ; resists Sebituane’s authority, 180; protects slave- traders, plots against Sekeletu, 181, 182; his death, 182, 183; permission granted by, to slave- dealers to trade in Batoka vil- lages, 213. Mpololo, sanctions Lerimo’s foray, assents to Ma-Sekeletu’s advice, 245; makes restitution, 246; his liberality to Dr. Livingstone, his parasites, 247; his rights as chief, 495 ; murder of his daughter, 495, 496; exerts himself in Dr. Liv- ingstone’s service, 4965; con- demn’s Masiko’s assertion of in- dependence, 497; his loan of canoes, 498; furnished Dr. Liv- ingstone with a slender provision of salt, 600. Mponko, a species of melon, 266. Muanzanza, chief of Cabango, pre- vented, by a feast, from transact- ing business, 456 ; Dr. Livingstone requests a guide from, presents received by, 459 ; his guide breaks his engagement, 460. Muatize, or Motize, the, seam of coal on, described, 633; no drain- age required, in working, 635. Muavi, an ordeal of the Banyai and other tribes, 621. Mujao, the, a tribe north of Lake Nyanja, 640. Mullet, abounding in the Zouga, 72; heaps of, left by floods, in the Barotse valley, 261. Murchison, Sir Roderick, remarks of, on the geology of Africa, 474, 475 note; truth of his conclu- sions with regard to the con- figuration of the African conti- nent, 500. 704 INDEX. MUROMBO. Murombo, a mountain Nyanja, 640. Murotuani, Bechuana name for the hornet, 499. Murray, Captain, murdered by the Boers, 106. Murray, Mr., joins the expedition to the Lake Ngami, 46 ; depar- ture of the expedition, 53; lost in the desert, misunderstanding with his guide, 57,58; sent for- ward with oxen in search of water, misled by Ramotobi, 60. Muscle, edible, found in brackish rivers, 431. Museum, British, African resem- blances to Egyptian paintings in, 443; young elephant calf in, 564. Museum of Practical Geology, speci- mens of African coal and gold dust in, 638. Mushinga, at, rock “pounded in wooden mortars, to find gold, 637. Mushrooms, of the Londa forests, 285; of the Mopane country, 625. Music, African, and musical instru- ments, 292, 2935 instrumeut used in mourning the dead, 433; its construction, 434. Mutokuane-bang, 330. Mutokwane, an African narcotic, its pernicious effects, 540, 541. Mutu, the, a branch of the Zambesi, 664; navigable in old times, 670. in Lake Nakachinta, the, a rivulet flowing east to the Zambesi, 558. Nakalombo, hot springs of, once a residence of Sebituane’s, 568. Nake, a doctor, 232. Nake, the, thickets on its banks, 604; course of, 605; bordering the Mopane country, 607; coal- seams in, 635. Nakong, the, a new species of ante- lope described, 205 5 seen on the Kasau, 343. Naliele, a town of the Barotse, 83; Mpepe fixes himself at, in oppo- sition to Sebituane, 180; San- turu’s store-house, 2163; visited by no white men before Dr. Liv- ingstone, 217, 218; Dr. Living- stone's excursions from, 221 3 Masiko’s intrigues in the neigh- bourhood of, 245; picho at, 245; beginning of rains, 246; return to, 495; arrival of an embassy from Masiko, 496; Dr. Living- stone leaves, 497; salt-pans a fortnight west of, 600. Wamagari, the, source of, Sebitu- ane’'s birthplace, 84. Nambwe, a cataract of the Leeam- bye, 213. Nameta, hippopotami found be- tween Katimo-molelo and, 241; news received by Dr. Livingstone at, 245; between, and Sekhosi, a tsetse district, 499 ; haunted river reach near, 517. Names, commemorative marks of remarkable events in Africa, 217, 218; confusion of, from misun- derstanding native languages, 617. Namilanga, a well under a fig-tree, NIGER, origin of the name, 531; depopu- lation of the surrounding country, 532. Nampene, canoes left at, 517. Nananko elected chief at Nyenko, 439. Napier, Sir George, governor of Cape colony, 98. Narcotic, a, used by the Batoka, 540. Nato, large edible caterpillar, 54. Natural history, value of, to the missionary, 259. Navigation, remarks on, of the Zambesi, from its mouth, 664- 670; beneficial results to be hoped for, 673, 674. Nchokotsa, the salinas of, 62; parching heat at, glare from the Salt-pans, 160; boundary of a great central lake, 527. Ndongo, Makololo name for the Dongolo, 625. Need, Captain, ‘good service done by his gift, 445. Negro type found among the Ba- londa, 290, 291 ; customs followed by the Barotse and Balonda, 318; emotions excited by the sight of white men, 465. Nest, bird’s, of stitched leaves, 175 ; scooped in trees and plastered over, 613. Neves, Captain Antonio Rodrigues, his kindness to Dr. Livingstone, 369 ; anniversary feast given by, 387L5 his knowledge of the geo- graphy of Angola, 372; Dr. Liv- ingstone’s host on his return to Cassange, 432; death of his child, 433; saves a woman ac- cused of witchcraft, 434; present of, to Matiamvo, 435; remarks of, on the unhealthiness of Cas- sange, 436; enormous tusk be- longing to, 439. News, African interpretation of, 151. Newton, John, his slavery in the West Indies, 287. Ngaba, a Matebele plunderer, 585. Ngabisane, oxen and waggons left at, 64. Ngami, Lake, Dr. Livingstone’s near approach to, in 1842, 10; idea of penetrating to, suggested by Se- chele, 44; difficulties of the journey, fittest season for the at- tempt, 46; start of the expedi- tion, 53; sufferings from thirst, 60; difficulty in tracing a route, 61; guided by a bushwoman, 62; hindered by Sekomi, 63; dis- covery of, 65; detailed descrip- tion of, 65-68; molluscus found in, salt-springs of, 78; the resi- duum of an ancient lake, 528; the large cattle of, imported from the west, 565. Ngio, a Sunday spent at, 379. Ngotuane, poisonous shrub South Africa, 113. N’gwa, a poisonons caterpillar, ef- fects of the poison, 171. — the bill, its latitude and height, 172; hill-range stretching from, a boundary of the Sanshureh, 174. Niger expedition might, by pene- trating farther, have found a of NYAMPUNGO, heslshy, climate, 544; no failure, 679 Nile, the, theory accounting for the inundations of, 475-479; analogy between its inundations and that of the Zambesi, 602, 603 ; a water- plant of, found in the Leeambye, 664. Nile desert, the, resemblance of, to the ridge bounding the Barotse valley, 220. Njambi, a Chiboque chief, hump and ribs of an ox offered to, 339 ; surrounds Dr. Livingstone’s en- campment, 340; comes to terms, his shabby peace-offering, 342; familiarity of his people with the slave-trade, 343. Njefu, a water-plant bearing an edible nut, 663 ; found in various countries, 664. Nju, a bean of the Batoka country, 535. Nkauane, oxen sent forward to the well of, 153. Nkuesi, a Zambesian night spent on, 557. Nkwatlele accompanies Dr. Livy- ingstone, 515. Noga-put-sane, snake,” 143, 144. Noka ea Batletli, a name of the Zouga, 62. Nokuane ’Mpepe’s executioner, 182; executioner of ’Mpepe’s evil counsellors, 215. Nokwane, his death, during Dr. Livingstone’s absence, 503. Nolloth, Captain, his present of wine to Dr. Livingstone, 672. Ntlarie volunteers into Dr. Living- stone’s convoy, 515. Ntwetwe, a plain broad enough to allow of the latitude being taken, 162, Nuana-Kalueje, a branch of the Lokalueje, 311. Nuana-Loke, the, Dr. Livingstone nearly drowned in, 336, 337. Nunes, Captain, his great-grand- father intrusted with the expul- sion of the Jesuits, 643. Nunes, Colonel Galdino Jose, Dr. Livingstone’s host at Kilimane, 672; chosen by Dr. Livingstone trustee of his property and inte- rests in Africa, 677. Nwetwe, a large salt-pan, 77. Nyakalonga, Matiamvo's sister, her liberal treatment of Dr. Living- stone, 461; her village entrenched by bog, 462. Nyakoba, arrival at his village, con- fession of poverty, 621; ill-faith of the guide provided by, 6225 his favourable reception of Dr. Livingstone, 623 ; promises guides to Tete, 624. Nyamboronda, the hot-spring of, described, 634. Nyamongamountains, height of,661. Nyamoana, Dr. Livingstone’s con- ference with, 273-277; parting gift of, to Dr. Livingstone, 281 5 recommendation to, to furnish canoes, 484; her removal to the river Lofuge, meeting with Dr. Livingstone, 486. Nyampungo, headman of the Bam- island, a the “ bleating NYANJA. biri, a rain-charmer, informa- tion given by, to Dr. Livingstone, afflicted with leprosy, 605; de- parture from his village, 6075 spoils of an elephant hunt shared with, 608. Nyanja, Lake of the Maravim, per- haps Lake Kalagwe, 476; the Maravi of geographers, described, 640. Nyaondo, the, a rivulet showing igneous action, 634. Nyatewe, supreme ruler of the Banyai, his dependent chiefs, 617. Nyaude, his rebellion against the Portuguese, 631; his two years’ siege of the fort at Tete, 632; sustained defence of his stockade against Kisaka, 655. Nyenko, Limboa’s country, 485; Barotse of, disclaim allegiance to Limboa, 489., Nyungwe. See Tete. October, heat at Linyanti in, 508; plains still inundated in, 509. Ophir of Solomon in East Africa, 637; reasons for fixing its site in Africa, 661, 662. Ophthalmia among the Bakwains, its cure, 129;, animals attacked by, 136 ; at Libonta, 249. Orange River, boundary of the Kalahari desert, 47; boundary of the Griquas country, 104; mar- tins observed in winter on, 249. Orapa, a well lying between Lotla- kani and Nehokotsa, 159. Orchilla-weed, used in dying, 266; found in the Batoka country, 558. Ordeal, trial by, practised in An- gola, 4345; trial by, practised north of the Zambesi, 621. Ostrich, the, able to subsist long without water, 56; roar resem- bling the lion’s, 141 ; infatuation of, when hunted, 153; speed of, mode of laying and hatching its eggs, 154; vitality of eggs, 155; its food, difficulty of stalking, feathers of, 7b.; long sight of, 156; habitat of, in South Africa, 612, 613. : Oswell, Mr., Sechele’s arithmetical master, 16; agrees to join Dr. Livingstone’s expedition to the Lake Ngami, 46; starts for the interior, 53; lost in the desert, absurd colloquy with his guide, 57, 58; captures a Bushwoman, 61; deceived by the salt mirage, 62, 63; volunteers to procure a boat from the Cape, embarkation on the Zouga,69; elephant hunt- ing of, his remembrance of Dr. Livingstone, 76; reaches Sebi- tuane’s residence, 83; discovers the Zambesi, 90, 913; his opinion of a South African climate, 133; attacked by a lioness, 138; re- gretted by Dr. Livingstone, 507 ; map of the Zambesi drawn for, 529; hairbreadth escape of, from a wounded elephant, 580; dan- _ gerously wounded by a rhino- ceros, 611, 612. INDEX. PETROLEUM, Ox, alarm caused by an, 288. Oxen, their sufferings from thirst, 605 delight ou reaching water, 615 loss of, in pitfalls, 755 pre- pared skins of, coverlets, 845 lost for want of water, 153; effects of panic among, 168; Makololo riding on, 204; number of, given | to Dr. Livingstone’s party in the Barotse valley, 493; African veneration for, 532. Palani, his notion of an exquisite dainty, 464. Paley, Brougham’s, habits of the black ant misrepresented in, 538. Pallah, the, an antelope frequent- ing only well-watered tracts, 53. Pallah, an edible snake, 145. Palm-tree of the Leeambye country resembling the palmyra, 260 ; fos- sil, at Pungo Andongo, 421. Palma-Christi, oil of, balsam for poisoned arrow wounds, 171; used by the Balonda, 2723 a gar- den shrub in Londa, 314. Palms, their language to North- men, 519, Palmyra-trees, the, of Lotlakani, 61. Pangaze, the, a river flowing into the Mutu, 670. Pangola, recommendation to, 589 ; visit from, fails in his promise of canoes, 590. Panyame, the, a river near Zumbo, flowing through a gold district, 637. Paper, African plants suited to the manufacture of, 645. Papyrus of the Chobe, 175. Park, Mungo, story in his travels explained, 311. Parker, Captain, opinion of, as to the navigation of the Zambesi, 656; extract from his journal on the navigation of the Zambesi, 665-668. Parra-Africana, the, its walking on the water, 253. Pascoal, Senhor, obliged to propi- tiate native tribes, 4445 cures Dr. Livingstone of rheumatic fever, 445; harassed by slaves and carriers, 447; moderates Muanzanza’s expectations, 459. Pedro, Father, of Zumbo, his balsam for poisoned arrow wounds, 171. Pedro, H. M. Don, supports Dr. Livingstone’s men during his ab- sence, 673. Peixemulher, a fish of the Coanza, 403. Pelican, the, plundered by the fish- hawk, 241; flight of, 252. Pepacheu, a hollow lined with tufa, 9 59. Pepper, the bird’s-eye, eaten by a maggot, 669. Pereira’s visit to Cazembe’s town, 305; frequency of human sacri- fices exaggerated by, 3173 his account of Cazembe not accurate, 587, 588. Peri hills; ford of the Leebaat, 482. Petroleum said to be found near the Calvi, 4183 springs, an indication of coal in Angola, 421. 705 | POISON, Peyton, Captain, his kind welcome | on board the Frolic, 682. | Pezo, the, its capabilities for irriga- tion, 447, Phillips, Captdin, of the Polyphe- mus, 391. Philomel, the, visit of the Makololo to, 391, 392. | Picakholu, venomous snake, the “ spitting serpent,” 143. | Picho of departed spirits, 220 ; called to deliberate on a journey to the coast, 228; to discuss removal to the Barotse valley, 5033; resolu- tions, 504. Pingola, his destructive conquest of the Batoka, 553 ; savage mode of fighting, 554. Pinkwe, a hill on the Zambesi, 602 ; march strikes off from the river opposite, 603. Pinto, Mr., presents of, to the Ma- kololo, 407. Pires, Colonel, successful cultivation of, 421; his success in life, 423 ; his slave-boy carried off by an alligator, 424. Piri, two hills on the Leeba, 307. Pita, half-caste Portuguese fugitives at, 657. Pitfalls of the Bayeiye described, 69, 70; oxen lost in them, 75. Fitsane, his care to enforce Seke- letu’s orders, 2363; affords the Chiboque a pretext for attacking Dr. Livingstone, 340; attacked by fever, 380; borrows a canoe without leave, 469,470; proposes establishing a Makololo colony in Londa, 482, 483; chooses Sam- banza for his blood relation, 488 ; marries a Balonda wife, 459; oration of, at Libonta, 4923 re- ceives a tusk from Dr.. Living- stone, 497; to carry a present to Mr. Gabriel, 5013; willing to return to Loanda, 526. Plains flooded with rain, aspect of, discomforts of travelling over, 309; trees destroyed on, 310; parched in the dry season, 7. 5 the sources of the great southern rivers, 311. Plasterer, the, an insect stupifying its prey, 538; mode of Luilding and furnishing its nest, 539. Plateau, central, of Africa, its east- ern ridge traced and described, its elevation, 5433 healthy cli- mate of both ridges, accessible- ness of the eastern, undulating character of the country, 543, 545. Plateaus between rivers, absence of life in, 454. Plover of the Leeambye, its mono- tonous cry, 239. Pluto, the, Dr. Livingstone’s ad- dress to his men on board, 391, 392. Poku, a new species of antelope, 2563; a smaller leche, 564. Poluma, a black monkey with white mane, 288. Polyphemus, the, attention of the officers of, to Dr. Livingstone,391. Poison of the Ngotuane, its effects, 113; of the N’gwa, used for arrows, 171; vegetable, used for Aew 706 INDEX, POMBAL, arrows, ib. ; devoured by insects, 609. Pombal, Marquis de, his expulsion of the Jesuits, 382; his endea- vours to improve*the iron manu- facture of Angola, 402, 403; his order to expel the Jesuits from Tete, 643. Pombeiros, native traders, sent out by the Portuguese of Cassange, 369; extent of their journeys, 435; slow progress of, 447. Pontoon-journey, Dr. Livingstone’s, through the floods of the Chobe, 174-177; left behind on the Leeba, 308; recovered, found useless, 482. Ponuane engages to observe a trust with fidelity, 230. Porapora, a name of the Unicorn Pass, 150. Porcupine, the, able to resist thirst, 56. Porphyry covering mica schist, 558 ; syenitic, near Tete, 626; syenitic at the hot spring Nyamboronda, 634; two conical hills of, in the gorge of Lupata, 656. Portugal, King of, Batoka cattle presented by, to Prince Albert, 192. Portuguese of Cassange, 371, 372; ready hospitality of, 383; readi- ness of, to abandon the slave- trade, 414; territory, population of, 429; claim of having crossed the African continent incapable of proof, 531; the decline of their power and trade at Tete, 630-632 ; decline of power and wealth in Eastern Africa, 631, 6323; ori- ginal system of trade at Tete, 630; disinterested kindness of, 652, 653. Portuguese half-castes carry a Baka- lahari village into slavery, 180, 181; good education of, 218; courtesy of, their discovery of the Zambesi later than Dr. Living- stone’s, 219; traders in Shinte’s town, 289; their slaves, 290. Portuguese government, feeling of, with regard to the slave- trade, 395, 396; abuses of, 418, 419. Potato, species of, found in Africa, 172; of large size, grown by the Maravi, 595. Potgeiter, Hendrick, leader of the Boers into the Magaliesberg dis- trict, 29; peaceful policy of, 32; instructions of, to native teachers, 37; his opposition to missionary efforts, 44, 45. Potholes on the Ue used as graves, 616; near Tete, an indication of the ancient sea-line, 625, 626. Pottery, the art of, known among the Banyeti, 213. Potokuane, an antelope, 486. Pretorius, Mr., authorises an attack of the Boers on the Bakwains, 39; death of, Boers’ justification of his policy, 119. Priesthood, nearest approach to a, among the Africans, 219. Priests, African chiefs assuming the office of, 581. Pukuye, harsh treatment of R. Protestant missions contrasted with Roman Catholic, 34. Public Works, Board of, at Loanda, its munificence to Sekeletu, 397. African jackal, having handsome fur, 50, Pumpkins, ceremony observed in gathering the crop of, in Africa, 45. Pungo Andongo, gigantic stone pil- lars of, 381; defences of, 406 ; its reputed fertility, 419 ; columnar rocks of, 420; fort of, geology of its rocks, 421; the stronghold of the Jinga, healthiness of its cli- mate, 422; Dr. Livingstone leaves on New Year’s Day, 428; plants of, found in the Batoka plains, 542, Pungwe, the. See Zangwe. Puruhuru, native name for the steinbock, 50. Puti, native name of the duiker, 50. ' Pye, Messrs., letters from, detailing experiments on buaze, 645, 646, note, Quango, the, colour of its waters, venomous snakes of, 364; Dr. Livingstone crosses, by help of Cypriano, 365, 366; observations to determine its course, 3673 Cassange traders on, 370; boun- dary of the Portuguese domi- nions, 429; no European re- siding beyond, 436; delay by fever near, 439; source of, 440; successful passage of, 441; flows, with the Kasai, into the Zaire, 448; its confluence with the Kasai described by a native of Mai, 457. Quango, or Cassange, valley, the, beauty of its scenery, 360; its geological structure, 360, 361; difficulty of crossing, 364; its fertility, 368; Ambonda ma- rauders destroyed by fire in, 7b. ; |: the cultivation of, neglected, 3735 countless ages required for its formation, 377. Quekett, Mr., his examination of silicified wood, 573, Quendende, Sunday spent at the village of, 315; mode of dressing his hair, 316; accompanies Dr. Livingstone to Katema, 318. Quilo, the, glen of, described, 357; Moena Kilkanje’s village on, 446 ; ascertained to flow into the Chi- paka, 448. Quinine, trees yielding a species of, found at Tete, Senna, and Kili- mane, 647 ; invaluable in fever, 681. Quisamas, the, tribe on the Coanza, their character and appearance, 406; staple of their trade, suc- cessful resistance to the Portu- guese, 407. Quize, the, a feeder of the Coanza, aii wheat growing on its banks, 379, R, the letter, substituted for others by the Banyai, 617. RICE, Rachosi, the Bakwain, his filial de- votion contrasted with that of the Makalaka, 309. Railway promoting the trade of South Central Africa, 437. Rain, theory accounting for the in- sufficient fall of, in South Africa, 95,96; in Londa, 282; heavy, of Londa preventing the taking of observations, 306; pathways de- stroyed by, 327; in South Africa following the sun, 475 ; prudence of halting during, 572; warm, on the Zambesi, 575; without clouds, 596; at Tete from the east, 639. Rain-making, Bakwain supersti- tions touching, 20; charms used, 22; doctor, conversation with, 23-25 ; faith of the Banyai in, 605. Ramosantane, killed by over fa- tigue, 503. Ramotobi, guide through the desert, 55; contempt of his fellow-tribes- men for, 57; remonstrances of, on account of slow progress, 59 ; misleads Mr. Murray, 60; loses the track, 61. Rapesh, at, meeting with Bushmen, 165. , Rebeiro, Ensign, his attack and capture of a rebel stockade, 663. Reeds used by the Bakurutse for making canoes, 73. Refugees, Dutch and French, of Cape Colony, distinct from the Boers, 97, 98. Rego, de Silva, Senhor, his recep- tion of Dr. Livingstone, 369; offers a soldier as escort to Am- baca, 3745; superseded, 432. Reis, Joaquim Moreira, Bishop of Angola, sends his secretary to Dr. Livingstone, 390; audience of, privilege granted to the Ma- kololo, 391; his conversation with Dr. Livingstone, 393; re- forms effected by him in Loanda, 394; grants to Sekeletu, advised by, 397 ; his letters of recommen- dation to Tete, 626. Religion, no formal system of, south of the Zambesi, 1583 cruelty of the, north of the Zam- besi, 434, 435; ideas of, found in the eastern provinces, 641, 642. Religious impressions on savages, 236; knowledge, difficulty of con- veying to savages, 259; beliefs of the Zambesian tribes, 641, 642. Resurrection, the, anniversary of, at Cassange, 370, 371. Revubu. See Lofubu. Reza, Betoka term for the Deity, 567. Rhinoceros, the, its spoor, a sure guide to water, 56; the straight- horued variety the more wary, 71, 136; killing a, required among Bechuanas and Caffres before taking rank as men, 147; its habit of rolling in mud, 161; aim, in shooting, fatal to, 256, 257; distinctive characteristics of the black and white, 611 ; subdivision into two, or into four families, 612 ; footprints of, 627 note. Rice, presented to Dr. Livingstone on the Zambesi, 578; given by Nyampungo, 605. INDEX. 707 RIDER, Rider, Alfred, death of, his sketch of Lake Ngami, 75. Rio Janeiro, galleons built at Mas- sangano crossed to, 404; fowls given to Dr. Livingstone’s men, 439; negroes taught carpentry in, 662. River system of Lake Ngami, 67, 68; of the Zambesi and Congo feeders, explained, 473, 474. Rivers, African, outlets of ancient lakes flowing to the sea through narrow fissures, 528; furrow beds of, 528, 529 ; network of, 529. Rocks, disintegrated by an aquatic plant, 238. Rosse, Lord, Boer’s opinion of the object of his telescope, 36. Ruddiman’s Rudiments of Latin, Dr. Livingstone’s first earnings spent in the purchase of, 3. Rutherford, Mr., a merchant of Cape Town, promoting trade with Makololo, 120. Sabbath, the African, 235. Sabia, a river of Manica, . Sacrifices, human, in Africa, 317. St. Hilaire, Geoffrey, describes the crocodile’s toothpicker, 239. St. John, Mr., the siksak men- tioned by, 239. St. Paul de Loando, western ter- minus of Dr. Livingstone’s last journey, 94; population, public buildings of, 394; harbour, 394, 395 ; merchants of, custom-house arrangements unfavourable to trade, 395; decrease of the slave- trade, 396; customs revenue of, 438 note. St. Philip de Benguela, proposed as the terminus of Dr. Livingstone’s journey, 227. Sakandala, Sunday spent at his village, 359. Saloisho, a hill range abounding in iron ore, 302 ; the iron ore of, 485. Salt, value of, as an article of diet, 26, 27; obtained by burning the tsitla, 270; crystals of, a medium of exchange, 407; hardly to be found between Angola and the Zambesi, 600. Saltpans of Nchokotsa, mirage on the, 62 ; of Nwetwe and Chuantsa, CS: Salutation, mode of, in Africa, 274 ; the Londa fashion of, 276; Ma- hometan and Christian, observed among the Balonda, 321; de- grading mode of, among the Ba- toka, 551; practised by Sema- lembue’s tribe, 567. Sambanza, Manenko’s husband and spokesman, 276; his sense of dignity, 277; undertakes the office of purveyor, 287; intro- duces Dr. Livingstone to Shinte, 291; his oration, 292; tipsy, 299, 300; his last interview with Dr. Livingstone, becomes Pitsane’s blood-relation, 488. Samoana, Nyamoana’s husband, his dress and arms, 273; important part played by, in conference, 2743 insulted by Masiko, 278 ; his wish to propitiate Dr. Living- SEBITUANE, stone, 281; his death before Dr. Livingstone’s return, 482. San Salvador, ancient mission at, 427. Sand-martins, not migratory, 249. Sand rivers of Africa described, 598. Sandstone, grey, districts with sub- stratum of, 603, 604; potholes frequent in ridges of, 625. Sanshureh, the, flooded, a bar to Dr. Livingstone’s progress, 174; passage by, to Linyanti, free from tsetse, 227. Sansawe, a Bashinje chief, sends to demand tribute, 361; his inter- view with Dr. Livingstone, 362 ; the spokesman’s answer to his threats, 363; treats Dr. Living- stone, on his return, with polite- ness, 443; presents from the Pombeiros to, 444. Santuru, chief of the Barotse, his mounds submerged by the river, 216; his fondness for ani- mals, 217; never visited by white men, tb.; interdicted the slave- trade, 218 ; mound of his mother, 219; his policy not followed by his son, 264 ; mounds constructed by him, 3143 disputes of his sons, 489; contempt of his an- cients for Makololo parvenus, 497. Sanza, arrival at, 379; near the source of the Coanza, 426; no seed-wheat found at, 429. Sarsaparilla, grows from Londa to Tete, 636. Scholz, Commandant, takes Se- chele’s children as slaves, 125. Schools, mission, favourably re- garded by the natives, 41. Schut, Mr., discreet judgment of the Makololo, in his shop, 393; present from, 419. Scotland, the Kirk of, Dr. Living- stone’s early education in, 3; school system of, 3, 4; prejudice of coal-miners against west winds in, 436. Scott, Walter, quotation from, 1. Sea, theory ofits line in old times, on the east coast of Africa, 625, 626. Season, rainy, commencement of the, 513. Sebastopol, news of its fall received, 627. Sebituane, his power and influence, 68; Dr. Livingstone’s anxiety to visit him, 69; proposed visit to, 74; plans disconcerted, 75; pre- sents of, to hasten the coming of the white men, 76; bis meeting with Dr. Livingstone, 83; ap- pearance, character of, described, 84; sketch of his life, 84-86; Tlapane’s prophecy to, 87; his hospitality, 89; illness and death of, 89, 90; appointment of, with regard to the succession to the chieftainship, 179; his quarrel with Mpepe, 180; fate of his wives, 185; tribes subjugated by, 197; prowess of Barotse soldiers trained by, 497; tales of, and the Batoka, 517; rich spoil won by, from the Batoka, 5273; his vain efforts to abolish a Batoka custom, SEKELETU, 5325 the Makololo paradise won and lost by, 5413 followed Pin- gola in the Batoka country, 554 ; his tribute of njefu, 663. Sebola Makwaia, visited by Ben- Habib, 502; her village betrayed to Sekeletu, 503. Sechele, Dr. Livingstone’s first resi- dence in his country, 9; esta- blished in his chieftainship by help of Sebituane, 14; converted to Christianity, his learning to read, 16; proposal of, to convert his people, 17; his baptism, 18; a rain-doctor, 22 ; punishes Kake, 35; resists the Boers, 37; his rights of chiftainship, 42 ; enmity of the Boers to, his faults in their eyes, 44; peculiar relations of, to Sekomi, 45; joins Dr. Liv- ingstone on his second journey to the north, 74; his negotiations with Lechulatebe, 75, readiness of, to trade in ivory, 77; letter of, to Mr. Moffat, injuries of the Boers against, 118-119; his reso- lution to claim justice from the Queen, 120; obliged to return from the Cape to his own country, the missionary of his people, 121; follows Dr. Livingstone into the cave Lohaheng, 124; grants peace to the Boers, 125; his experiments on “ gun-medi- cine,”’ 258. Sechu, ceremony qualifying boys to take rank as men, 146. Sects, Christian, a hindrance to the spread of Christianity, 116. Sekelenke, an Ambonda chief, vas- sal of Masiko, avoids Dr. Living- stone, 269; passes his camp, 270. Sekeletu, Sebituane’s successor, his reception of Dr. Livingstone, 178; history of his accession to the chieftainship, 179; plot of Mpepe and the slave-traders against, disconcerted, 180-182; ground of his objection to Chris- tianity, 184, 185; his learning to read, 188, 189; present of, to Dr. Livingstone, 189; calf of a fine breed given by Dr. Livingstone to, 191; his liberality to Dr. Livingstone, 196; tribute re- ceived by, 197, 198: quarrel of, with Lechulatebe, 198 - 200; leaves Linyanti with Dr. Living- stone, 203 ; manners of his court, 204; ceremonial reception of, 2053 assures himself of Dr. Liv- ingstone’s attachment, 2075 yields precedence to Sebituane’s comrades, 208; his visit to ’Mpepe’s country, execution of *Mpepe’s father, 215; rejoined by Dr. Livingstone, 224; his policy towards northern tribes, 245; profitable sale of his tusks at Cassange, 373; Dr. Living- stone’s resolution to reconduct his people to, 390, 391 ; presents from the Portuguese government to, 397; death of the horse pre- sented to, 415; Dr. Livingstone advised to reprove, 492; ar- rangements made by, for pro- moting trade, 501; his forays during Dr. Livingstone’s absence, 2242 SEKHOSI. 502, 5033 reproved, 5033; his de- cision as to removing to the Ba- rotse valley, 504; discreet settle- ment of a difficult question by, 509; plans a sugar-manufactory, his commissions to Dr. Living- stone, 511, 5123 escorts Dr. Liv- ingstone, provides his outfit, 515, 516; prevented visiting Mosioa- tunya, 519; accompanies Dr. Livingstone on his second visit, 524; first fine imposed by, for marauding, his last parting with Dr. Livingstone, 526; a smoker of mutokwane, 540; his tribute given to Dr. Livingstone, 541; honey, his tribute from the Ba- toka, 614. Sekhosi, provides Dr. Livingstone with canoes, 208. Sekoa, name for the speech of white men, 201. Sekobinyane, ill treatment of his serfs, sells children to the Mam- bari, 247; punished by Sekeletu, 248. Sekokole, marriage of his daughter to Simoens, 578. Sekémi, chief of the Bamangwato, Dr. Livingstone’s journey to his residence on ox-back, 11; anxiety of, to exclude foreigners from the Lake Ngami country, 45; un- favourable answer of, to Sechele’s embassy, 46; returns Dr. Living- stone’s runaway oxen, remon- strates against the advance of the expedition to Lake Ngami, 573 intrigues of, against the ex- pedition, death of his spy, 63, 64; fills up the wells at Serotli, his remonstrance with Dr. Liv- ingstone, 74; furthers Dr. Living- stone’s third northern journey, 77; his escape from the Batoka of the Zambesi, 86; daily oration in praise of, 151; Dr. Living- stone welcomed by, extortion practised by, 146; his narrow escape on the Leeambye, 234. Sckonkamena hills, seen from Mabue-asula, 570. Sekote, last Batoka chief, con- quered by Sebituane, 517; his grave, 518. Sekwebu, his history, qualifications as a guide, route recommended by, 513; points out a good site for a settlement, 549; points out an elephant-hunt, 561; fails to save an elephant-calf, 562; ad- vises a settlement on the Kafue, 567; reminiscences of early life, 568; remembers the Zambesi free from tsetse, 575; his remark on piercing the upper lip, 577; recognises Simoen’s captives, 579; stories of his forays with the Matebele, 583; denies having attacked the Bazunga, 585; his appreciation of hospitality, 590; gains over Mpende, 593; pays Monina’s men, 621; fails to gain over a deserter, 622; his infor- mation touching the Landeens, 664; determines to go to Eng- land, his first experience of the sea, 681, 6823; his sad fate, 683. Selkirk, Alexander, allusion to, 40. INDEX. SHALE. Selali, a nest-making spider, 326. Selole, or Chilole, cause of his at- tack on Dr. Livingstone, 578. Semalembue, change of route, to visit, 556; arrival at his resi- dence, 566 ; eagerly desires peace, his pretensions to supernatural power, 567; his parting with Dr. Livingstone, 568 ; rhinoceros foot-prints in the hills of, 611. Senga, the country of the Basenga, 594, Seugko, the, fee demanded at cross- sing of, 335. Senna, Portuguese soldiers removed from, to ‘ete, 629, 630; canoes built at, for the transit of Tete merchandise, 635; arrival at, miserable condition of, 658; at- tempts to revive the trade of, 659 ; situation of, cause of its un- healthiness, 660; country sur- rounding, 6615 boat-building at, 662; departure from, 663 ; earth- quakes at, 641; forests of chin- chona at, 647. Senna plant, the, found in Tete, 636. Senza, the, canoe trade of, 388; sugar grown on the banks of, 398; geology of the adjacent country, 398, 399. Senoga, a prophet, 87. Serfdom in Africa, 186; not op- pressive among African tribes, 247, 248. Serinane, hot salt-spring of, 134. Serotli, a fountain of the Kalahari desert, 543; description of the country surrounding, 57; de- parture from, 59; the wells at, filled up by Sekomi, 74; flight of Sebituane’s cattle to, 85. Serpents, apt to infest houses, 143 ; venomous varieties of, 143, 144; constrictors, 145; Bayeiye, charm- ers of, 145, 146. Services, public, religious, a part of missionary duty, 41; restlessness of the Makololo during, 187; cha- racter of Dr. Livingstone’s, 188. Sesenda, a species of leprosy, 605; Nyakoba suffering from, 623. Sesheke, Dr. Livingstone meets Sebituane at, 83; country de- scribed, between Linyanti and, 203, 204; signification of the name, 208; at, the entrance to Linyanti, free from tsetse, 227; population of, punishment of thievery, 234, 235; Dr. Living- stone’s public addresses at, 235, 236; children carried off by ali- gators at, 254; winter scenery near, 498; delay at, 500; last preparations at, 516. Severus, Septimius, medal of, with impression of an elephant, 564. Setula-tsipi, a plover, its courage, the alligator’s friend, 239. Shakatwala, Katema’s messenger to Dr. Livingstone, 315; tries to enforce Katema’s orders, 323 ; his story of the origin of Lake Dilolo, 3275; curious phenemenon of the Lotembwa remarked by, 4733 plays the host in Katema’s ab- sence, 480; appvinted guide to the Leeba, 481. Shale, red, an indication of gold, 361. SILICA, Sheakondo, his frankness and sim- plicity, presents of his wives, 272. Shells, found in saltpans, identical with living mollusca, 78. Shell-ornaments, highly prized by the Balonda, 300, 301 ; a Makololo lad tricked out of, 3323 Shinte’s given as hire to a guide, 355. Shelley, Captain, lost in the Kala- hari desert, 122, 123. Shibanga, the island, a visitor from, gives information of war between Tete and the neighbouring tribes, 589. Shinte, or Kabompo, the greatest of the Balonda chiefs, 273; Nya- moana’s offer of an escort to, 2753; arrival of messengers with pre- sents from, 288; his town de- scribed, its latitude, its situation, 289, 290; his grand reception of Dr. Livingstone, 291-294; re- quests an interview at night, 2943; receives the gift of an ox, recommended to trade in cattle, 2953; his cure for fever, 296; his slave-trading, 297; his parting interview with Dr. Livingstone, his last gift, 300, 301; Dr. Liv- ingstone leaves his town, 3023 less liberal than his people, 304 ; his migration from Matiamvyo’s country to Mokwanka, 307; Rio- Janeiro cock killed at his village, 439; heartily welcomes Dr. Liv- ingstone on his return, details his troubles, 483, 484 5 sojourn in his town, its latitude, 485; umpire between Masiko and Limboa, 485, 486; parting from, 486. Shiramba, breakfast at, alarm of the Landeens, its history, 657. Shire, the, course of, 241; width of, at its mouth, 663; bas its rise in still waters, 664. Shitakoteko, an earthquake, 641. Shuia, Lake, discovered by Makololo marauders, 503; the existence of a labyrinth of rivers, north of, probable, 612. Shiva, the, a tribe on the south of Lake Nyanja, 640. Shivo, an earthquake, 641. Shobo, a Bushman guide, 78, 79. Shokudne, first meeting with Secb- ele at, 9, 14; first stage on the journey to Lake Ngami, 53. Shongwe, ancient name of the Vic- toria falls, 518. Shrubs, changing to trees, with de- crease of latitude, 237. Sicard, Commandant, D’Aranjo, his cordial reception of Dr. Living- stone at Tete, 628; his influence with the natives, 632; Dr. Liv- ingstone’s arrival announced to him, 633; rosary of native gold presented by, 63835 liberality of, to Dr. Livingstone’s followers, 639; attacked by fever, 6473; his loan of a boat to Dr. Livingstone, 652. Sichuana, the Bechuana language, 113, 1143; its extensive use, UBS Sikonyele, the Basutu attacked by, 84. Silica, different forms assumed by, 611. SILVER-TREE, Silver-tree, the, of the Cape, found at different levels, 283. Silver, said to have been found for- merly on the Zambesi, 597 ; mines in Chicova, 603; no indi- cation of, now to be found, 604 5 native testimony on the point, 605. Simah, the, a branch of the Leeba, 264. Simoens, an Italian slave-trader, story of his death, 578 ; character given him by Mburuma’s brother, 531. Sinbad, the riding ox, his perversi- ties, 345 ; throws bis master, 350 ; lunges Dr. Livingstone into the ombe, 381; bitten by tsetse, 488. Sindese Oalea, undertakes Dr. Liv- ingstone’s defence, 593. Singing of the Makololo, 83. Singing-birds, African, 609, 610. Siriatomba, Simoen’s nickname, 578. Skene, Captain, invitation of, to Dr. Livingstone, 391. Skins, prepared, of the Makololo, Sebituane’s gift to Dr. Living- stone, 84. Slave-forays of the Boers, 31. Slave-labour, less productive than free, 398. Slave-trade, encouragement to com- merce, the most effectual means of abolishing, 28; between the Makololo and the Mambari, 91, 92; encouraged by Shinte, 296, 297; practised by Matiamvo, 318; cruelty of, in Western Af- rica, 330; an honoured institution among the Chiboque, 343 ;. levy- ing “ black-mail” taught by, 351; check given to, in Angola, 385; willingness of the Portuguese Government to suppress, 3955 difficulties hindering suppression, gradual decline of, 396 ; efforts to abolish, 414, 4153; likelihood of its dying a natural death, 526; Dr. Livingstone finds traces on the Zambesi of, 578; impression on African tribes of English hostility to, 596; enmity of Zambesian tribes to, 597; the trade of Tete annihilated by, 631; free naviga- tion of the Zambesi prevented by, 612; the Portuguese inimical to, 660. Slave-traders, half-caste Portuguese, attack on a village of the Baka- lahari by, seizure of the inbabit- ants, 180, 181; their route, in traversing a country, to be avoided, 227. Slavery, practised by the Magalies- berg Boers, 29, 30; destroys all feeling of loyalty, 447 ; existence of a native, among the Banyai, 618. Slaves, insensible to moral obliga- tions, 413; appellations applied to, 447; their lives held of little value, 652. Smith, Dr. Andrew, letter from, on the venom of snakes and their fascination of their prey, 144, 145 note; maintains the existence of four species of rhinoceros, 612., INDEX. 709 SUMMER, Smyth, Admiral, medals from his descriptive Catalogue, 563. Small-pox, in South Africa, 128. Snakes, water, of the Zouga, edible, iy | Snuff, used by Quendende, 318. Soano Molopo, Dr. Livingstone’s interview with, remonstrates against opening his country to the Makololo, 313; reputation of, among his countrymen, 314. Soap, manufacture of, in Africa, 40, Society, London Missionary, cha- racter of, joined by Dr. Living- stone, 6; tenor of instructions from the directors of, to Dr. Liv- ingstone, 9; the Directors’ ap- proval of Dr. Livingstone's plans, 935; misunderstanding with, 677. Societies, Missionary, their general success, the reverse of the picture, 116, 118. Sofala, near the ancient Ophir, 661. Solomon, King, his trade with Af- rica, 661. Sombo, a fruit-tree of the Batoka, 553. Sousa, Anna da, Donna, sugar ma- nufactory of, 398. Sonza, Anna de, the Jinga Queen, her history, 422. Sova, an Angolese chief, 411. Spiders, large variety of, ally of the matlametlo, 43; venomous black, 325 ; springing on their prey, 7b. ; seizing prey from an ambush, nest-builders, 325, 3265 sociable, their labyrinth of webs, carpet- weavers of the Makolo, 326; varieties, not venomous, 610. Spleen, enlargement of the, a disease of Cassange, 371, 4325 its most effectual remedy, 505. - Sponges, found in the Leeambye, 249. Spoons, the Makololo introduced to the use of, 206. Spring at Kolobeng, 463-465. Springbuck, the, migration of, from the Kalahari desert, 103; its habits, its timidity, 104. Squirrel, the African, stores up pro- vision for summer, 603. Starch, unmixed, unwholesomeness of, 505 Steele, Colonel, assistance given by, to Dr. Livingstone’s Lake Ngami expedition, 46. Steppes, swampy, destitute of trees, in Africa, 476. Steinbuck, the, able to subsist long without water, 56. Stockenstrom, Sir Andries, his know- ledge of colonial interests, 107. Stonehenge, African rocks resem- bling, 381. Strychnia, fruit yielding, described, 236, 237. Suckling children, curious facts re- garding, 126, 127. Sugar-cane, Makololo use of the, 2073 grown by the Balonda, 290 ; cultivated in Angola, 398; planta- tion, great productiveness of a, at ‘Tete, 632. Sulphur, used as a charm, 258. Summer, variations of, in Africa, 343. TETE., Sunday, in the woods of the Lee- ambye, 258, 259. Sundew, the African, a fly-trap, 472. Sura, palm-toddy, 639. Swifts, migratory flocks of, 124. Taba Cheu, the white mountains, 548, Table Mountain, atmospheric phe- nomena observed on, accounted for, 96. Tahetsi on the Leeba, 486. Tala-Mungongo, western ridge of the Quango valley, 3725; de- scribed, 376; ascent of, 377; coffee-plants on the heights of, 379; clay shale beginning at, 429; ants of, 430; descent from, 4313; break in the channel of the Quango, 440. Tala-Mungongo village, caravan- serais of, 377. Tamba, the, little visited by slave- traders, idle, good-humoured cha- racter of the tribes on, 452 ; mice- eaters, their villages, 453. Tampan, the, bad effects of its bite, 382, 383; Dr. Livingstone’s men secured from, at Tete, 628; cure of the bite, 629, Tamunak’le, the, discovery of, its seeming importance, 65; fresh- ness of its waters, 66; Dr. Liv- ingstone’s project of ascending, 74; banks of, infested with tsetse, 75 ; infested with mosquitoes, 80. Tanganyenka Lake described by Arabs, 476; probable breadth of, 506. Tangwe, the, a sand river, its lati- tude and longitude, 617; march in the bed of, 620. Tapioca, preparation of, from ma- nioc, 425. Tattooing of the Balonda, 272; in the east of Londa, 450, 451; on the banks of the Zambesi, 576. Tears, shedding, “ tlolo” in South Africa, 552. Teeth filed to a point, an African decoration, 452; front, knocked out among the Batoka, 532. Tell, William, a settler on the Quango, his presents to the Ma- kololo, 439. Teoughe, the, flowing into Lake Ngami from the north, 65: com- pletely surveyed by Mr, Macabe, 122. Tete, Tette, or Nyungwe, the tam- pans of, 3833 coal of, 4213 er- roneously placed in Bowdich’s map, 507; breadth of the Zam- besi at, 522; no proof that it has been a centre of established com- merce, 5313 a rapid thirty miles above, 554; Dr. Lacerda, com- mandant of, 587; Cazembe’s people restricted in trading at, 588; the true position of, ascer- tained, 589; ten days from, 596; halt eight miles from, hospitable embassy, 626; happy arrival in, 627 ; delay at, 628; description of the town, 629; the fort, 630; plundered by rebels, 631; its trade destroyed, 632; country north of, described, 634; value 710 INDEX. OO —=-—"00_—_—_— OO O—O—O0 Oss = THAU, of imports during five months, 635; profit, staples of its trade with the interior, price of pro- visions, 636; extent of gold-pro- ducing country round, 6383; rich crops of, irrigation unneeded, 639 ; earthquakes near, 641; state of education and religion in, 643, 6445 annual floods of the Zam- besi at, 6445 cotton grown at, manufacture of oil, 645; medical resources of, 647; funeral at, 6523; departure from, 654. Thau, the Egyptian, resembling the Bakwain God, 124. Thermometer, heights of the, por- tending rain, 160; heights at Unku, 167; heights of, in eastern Africa, 624. Thirst, sufferings from, 79. Thorn-bearing plants of Africa, 345, 346. Thracians, njefu eaten by, 664. Thunder without clouds, 596. Thutsa, the salt spring of, 159. Tianyane, anew species of antelope, 209. Tiger, the, India trap for, 138. Tipoia, a hammock, 375. Tlakneapitse, a quickly - fading African wild flower, 542. Tlapano, a prophet of the Makololo, 86, 87. Tlolo, transgression, 552; various accidents accounted,®77. Tlomtla, a dead mowana at, 162. Toads, fascinated by fire, 145; two varieties of Batrachia, 487. Tobacco, plantations of, in Shinte’s town, 290; leaves dried, pounded into snuff, 3183 height of, plants in Angola, 403. Toddy palm-tree, 411; cocoa-nut palm, a substitute for yeast, 639. Tofulo, a hill seen from Zumbo, 586. Tolo, the, see koodoo, 56. Toluane, a plant useful in curdling milk, 160. Tomba Ngama, volunteers "the loan of a canoe, 575. Tortoises, land, their habits, shells prized by native Africans, 135. Totelo, the, toll demanded at, 335. Town, remains of a deserted Ba- toka, 534. Trade in skins of the Bakalahari, 50; staples of the Portuguese with the Balonda, 289. See Com- merce. Traders dependent on missionaries, 33; English, offence given by, to the Boers, 35; Boerish, in for- bidden goods, 36; slave, usual policy of, 181: good linguists the most successful, 1915 native Africans, 358, 359; half-caste, meeting with a party of, from Bibe, 359; native, bad system pursued with, 502. Trap, the substratum of the Kuru- man country, 112; fragments of the old schists in, accounted for, 474. Travelling, privations of, in Africa, 42; precautions preserving health in, 572; average day's march in, 615. Trees destroyed by long-continued TUSKS, inundation, 261; petrified on the Chiponga, 572, 573; cause of their scrubbiness near Tete, 625. Trocheamer, an instrument for measuring progress, 59 note. Trogon, the, peculiar note of, 261. Trombeta, estate and plantations of the sub-commandant at, 387, 388. Trotter, Admiral, newspapers re- ceived from, 672. Trough form of the centre of Africa, its geological structure explained, 474, 475. Tsepe, the springbuck, 103. Tsessebe, the, its tenacity of life,257. Tsetse, on the banks of the Tau- manakle, 75; encountered by Dr. Livingstone’s party near the Mababe, 79; described, 80; ani- mals to which its bite is fatal, effects of the bite, 81, 835 pre- cautionary measures against, 83; on the Sansbhureh, 174; ten oxen lost by, 177; the Banyeti unable to rear domestic animals on ac- count of, 212; latitude of their habitat on the Leeambye, 214 ; Dr. Livingstone turned back by, 221; districts enclosing Linyanti, 227; connection of, with the ele- phant, 260; cause’ of Londa’s freedom from, 337; Londa only of late years free from, 338; in early times probably infested Ionga Panza’s country, 352 ; found on the Lucalla, 404; near the Makondo, 487; between Na- meta and Sekhosi, 499; insect preying on, ib.; either bank of the Zambesi, eastwards, infested by, 507; patch passed by night, 5155 on the banks of the Lekone, 5275 night marches on account of, 5345 herds slaughtered by Sebituane on account of, 5485 on the Chipongo, magnified drawing of, 571; return of, with larger game to the Zambesi, 575; former pasture-grounds infested by, 583 ; infest the country of the Bam- biri, 606; the district of Tete free from, 636. Tsipa, small African ocelot, 50. Tsitla, a root, used as a substitute for corn, 80; mode of obtaining salt from the, 270. Tuane, the lynx, 50. Tuba Mokoro, headman of Dr. Livingstone’s Barotse boatmen, 533; Tufa covering large districts of country, 111, 112; changing to limestone, 233; freshwater shells in, evidences of the ancient physiognomy of Africa, 527. Turtles, water, good for food, 490. Tusks, elephant’s, Lechulatube’s offer of, to Dr. Livingstone, 68; his offer of, as price of a gun, 75; Sekeletu’s gift of, 189 ; destroyed by fire, 191; taken by Dr. Liv- ingstone to exchange with the Portuguese, 236; given by Sechele for “ gun medicine,” 258 ; various weights of, in Angola, 438, 439; the heaviest, from Luba, 458; increase in size on approaching the equator, 564, WASHINGTON, Tzo, the, a branch of the Embarrah, 67. Ue, the, a sand stream, 611; its sandstone bank, 616. Ulva, birthplace of Dr. Living- stone’s father, 1; conversion of the Roman Catholics of, 2. Unguesi, the, flows towards the centre of Africa, 527 5 passage of, geological structure of the coun- try, 533. Unicorn’s Pass, the, scenery of, changed from old times, sketch of the landscape, 150. Unku, the, verdure of, 167. Vaal River, the, noisy attrition of rocks in, 598. Vardon, Major, his interest in Af- rican discovery, 46; experiment of, testing the virulence of tsetse bites, 82; large horn brought to England by, 85 note; letter of, describing a battle between three lions and a_ buffalo, 139, 140 note; new species of the antelope named after, 356 note. Vegetable diet, bad effects of an ex- clusive, 26. Vegetation, differences of, in the same latitudes of Africa and Aus- tralia, 97. Victoria falls, arrival of the Mate- bele near, 499; an obstacle to descending the Zambesi, 507; Dr. Livingstone resolves to visit, 518 5 Leauty of the scene, 519 ; detailed description of, 520, 521; fissure in the rock described, 5213 spray columns, breadth of the river, 522; accessible part of the fis- sure, period of its formation, 523 ; superstitions connected with, 523, 524; Dr. Livingstone’s garden above, 525. Villages of the Barotse, built on mounds, 314. Vinegar, an antidote to the Ngot- uane poison, 113. Vines, with tuberous root, recom- mended to the Cape farmers, 100; grape-bearing, unexpected dis- covery of, 169; varieties of wild, on the Zambesi, 616. Vungwe or Mvungwe, the, rocky hills, watershed of the sand riyu- lets of East Africa, 610, 611. Wader, the crook-beaked, of the Leeambye, its manner of feeding, 253. Waggon-travelling in Africa, 94. Wales, New South, fossil trees of, found also in Africa, 573. Wallace, allusion to, 7. Walsh, Dr., leaves quinine for Dr. Livingstone, 672. Wardlaw, Dr., Dr. Livingstone’s instructor in theology, 6. Wars, the slave-trade, or catile- stealing, invariably the cause of African, 213. Washington, Captain, document given by, for publication, 6655 information obtained from, on the INDEX, mat WATER, navigation of the Zambesi, 670, 671 note. Water, Bakalahari mode of draw- ing, jealous storing of, 51, 52; difficulty of obtaining in the desert, 55 ; list of animals able to subsist without, 56; animals found only in the neighbourhood of, 56; indications of, in old watercourses and fountains, 111; indispensable to serpents, 143; evidence of its importance in Af- rican eyes, 151; salt and bitter, of South Africa, 160; insect distil- ling, 416; experiments showing the moisture to be drawn from the atmosphere, 417; palisades for secure drawing of, in Angola, 403. Water-plants of the Shire, 663. Waterboer, a Griqua chief, history of his administration, 105, 106. Watershed, the, of South African rivers, 329; of the Zambesi and Nile, 476; of eastern sand rivers, 610, 611. Wax, exported from the west coast of Africa, source of the, 285; a staple of trade, 344; its value, as a staple of commerce, unknown in East Africa, 614, 615. Webb, Captain, supplies brought by, to the Bakwains, 125. Weir, Balonda, of mats and reeds, 312. Wells, description of, in the desert, 545 care requisite in digging, 55 ; artesian, probable success of, in Africa, 97; proposed as substi- tutes for the Boers’ deep cuttings, 112; roofed, by the Balonda, 286. Welweitsch, Dr., remarks of, on grasses, 415. Westwood, Mr., letter from, de- scribing edible larve, 164 note. Wheat, grown in Angola, 379; grown at Pungo Andongo, 421; yielding an hundredfold at Tete, 639. White men, Dr. Livingstone the first of, seen by the Balonda, 307. Wilkinson, Sir Gardner, woodcuts from his work, 400. Winds, easterly, the cause of little rain falling in South Africa, 95 ; hot electric, of the Kalahari de- sert, 123; north and south, of Africa, 323; west, followed by fever in Angola, 436, 437; effects of north, in Londa, 462; north- east, the harbinger of the rainy season, 516; bringing rain in dif- ferent latitudes, 558. Witchcraft, cowardice in lion-hunt- ing, from beliefin, 11,12; drought ascribed to, 22 ; premature burials from fear of, 129; ordeal to prove innocence of, in Angola, 434; chief dying by the ordeal for, 441; ZAMBESI. case of, decided before Kawawa, 468; ordeal to prove innocence of, used in eastern Africa, 621. Winter, varying severity of, in South Africa, 463 ; in Londa, 483; smoky tinge of, its probable cause, 498, 499, Women, not compelled to hard Ja- bour by the Makololo, 186; high position of, among the Balonda, 292. Woodruffe, Lieutenant, lost on the bar before Kilimane, 672. Worms, infesting wild animals, 3 136. Worship, religious, inability of savages to understand, 157; ob- servance of, among the Bushmen, 165; disrespect of the Makololo for, 187; propriety of setting apart a place for, 1$8; increasing reverence of the Makololo for, 508. Xavier, St. Francis, missionary armour of, 41. Zabesa, a broad reach of the Chobe, 175; villages of observation on, 232. Zaire, or Zerezere, name of the Kasai, 457. See Congo. Zambesi, or Leeambye, the tsetse on, preventing the domestication of cattle, 82; Sebituane’s con- quests on, 85, 86; conflict with the Matebele on, 88; the dis- covery of, by Dr. Livingstone and Mr. Oswell, 90,91; peculiar cere- monies, system of instruction of Bechuaua and Caffre tribes south of, 146-149 ; names of, 208; pro- ject of making a path to the east coast, by the, 391; cruel religion of the countries north of, 434; branch of, rising near Matiamvo, 458; Dr. Livingstone’s project of following it to Masiko, 459; ap- proach to, 472; its floods ac- counted for, 475-479; route to the east coast by, obstacles, 507; signification of the name, 519; dark hue of Batoka of, 533; a great dislocation of rocks, opening a bed for, 566; near its conflu- ence with the Kafu, breadth of the river, the waters discoloured, its abundance of animal life, 573, 574; agriculturist population on its banks, 576 ; piercing the upper lip, practised by the women, 577 ; Dr. Livingstone advised to cross to Tete, unable to borrow canoes, 589; terraced banks of, 589, 590; ready hospitality of villagers on, 5903; passage of, resolution to follow its course, 594; the coun- THE END, Zebra, ZUNGO, try to the north of, the most fertile, 595; floods of, distin- guished from its inundation, 602; probability of a continuous Stream of inundation in old times, 603; the black rhinoceros scarce to the north of, 611 ; wild grape-vines on, 616; trial by ordeal of tribes on, 6213 fertile islands, depopulated by the war, 636; its source unknown at Tete, 640; navigation of, fet- tered by rights of native chiefs, 642; its capabilities asa highway of commerce, 656, 657 ; laborious ascent of, to Tete, 658 ; navigable to its month, 665-669 5 projects for improvement of its naviga- tion, 673; in certain months open to Tete, 674. Zangu, rest and refreshment at, 383, Zangwe, the, flowing into the Zam- besi, below Senna, 663. Zanzibar, Arabs from, trading in slaves, 92; Arabs from, enter- tained by Dr. Livingstone, 223; region to the east of Londa de- scribed by Arabs of, 476; route to the east coast by, 506. the, found always near water, 56; shot in the Balonda country, 270, 2713; antipathy to, among the Africans, 538. Zimika, the hill, bare rocky hill- tops seen from, 626. Zingesi, the, a sand rivulef, vain attempt to ford, 598. Zouga, the, Dr. Livingstone passed by, in 1842, 10; flocking of elands and ostriches to, in drought, 56; reached by Dr. Livingstone’s party, 63 ; Dr. Livingstone’s raft- making in, escape from alligators, 69; the banks of, described, 69- 71; fish of, 72; Dr. Livingstone reluctantly recrosses, 75; size of elephants on, 564. Zulus, expelled from the Maglies- berg, 30; of Natal, their honesty, 201. See Caffres. Zumba, at, Dr. Livingstone learns his father’s death, 3; Father Pedro of, 1713; a ruined village, at the confluence of the Zambesi and the Loangwa, 585; am admir- able site for trade, 586; water communication in three direc- tions, 587; old grey sandstone beginning at, £89; spoken of as still belonging to the Portuguese, 597 ; no game-law enforced above, 599; dolomite near, unremarked by the Portuguese, 629; breadth of its great coalfield, 6353; the wheat of, 639. Zungo, a Zambesi islander, his pre- sent, his recommendation to Pan- gola, 589, LONDON: TED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET, f i x AND CHARING CROSS. sy PRIN Ixrrop. MEDICAL DIPLOMA. 7 felt by the villagers in all public questions, and they furnished a proof that the possession of the means of education did not render them an unsafe portion of the population. They felt kindly towards each other, and much respected those of the neighbouring gentry who, like the late Lord Douglas, placed some confidence in their sense of honour. Through the kindness of that nobleman, the poorest among us could stroll at pleasure over the ancient domains of Bothwell, and other spots hallowed by the venerable associations of which our school-books and local traditions made us well aware; and few of us could view the dear memorials of the past without feeling that these carefully kept monuments were our own. ‘The masses of the working people of Scotland have read history, and are no revolutionary levellers. They rejoice in the memories of ‘‘ Wallace and Bruce and a’ the lave,” who are still much revered as the former champions of freedom. And while foreigners imagine that we want the spirit only to overturn capitalists and aristocracy, we are content to respect our laws till we can change them, and hate those stupid revolutions which might sweep away time-honoured institutions, dear alike to rich and poor. Having finished the medical curriculum and presented a thesis on a subject which required the use of the stethescope for its diagnosis, I unwittingly procured for myself an examination rather more severe and prolonged than usual among examining bodies. The reason was, that between me and the examiners a slight difference of opinion existed as to whether this instrument could do what was asserted. The wiser plan would have been to have had no opinion of my own. However, I was admitted a Licentiate of Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons. It was with unfeigned delight I became a member of a profession which is pre-eminently devoted to practical benevolence, and which with unwearied energy pursues from age to age its endeavours to lessen human woe. But though now qualified for my original plan, the opium war thing of fits and starts; for if you do not, temptation and other things will get the better of you:” and Thomas Burke, an old Forty-second Peninsula soldier, who has been incessant and never weary in good works for about forty years. I was delighted to find him still alive; men like these are an honour to their country and profession, 8 KURUMAN MISSION STATION. INTROD. was then raging, and it was deemed inexpedient for me to proceed to China. I had fondly hoped to have gained access to that then closed empire by means of the healing art; but there being no prospect of an early peace with the Chinese, and as another inviting field was opening out through the labours of Mr. Moffat, T was induced to turn my thoughts to Africa; and after a more extended course of theological traming in England than I had enjoyed in Glasgow, I embarked for Africa in 1840, and, after a voyage of three months, reached Cape Town. Spending but a short time there, I started for the interior by goimg round to Algoa Bay, and soon proceeded inland to the mission station in the Bechuana country, called Kuruman, which is about seven hundred miles from Cape Town. This had been established, nearly thirty years before, by Messrs. Hamilton and Moffat, and may be considered the most southern point of the real missionary field on that side of the country. It is an interesting spot on many accounts. The mission-houses and church are built of stone. The gardens, irrigated by the Kuruman rivulet, are well stocked with fruit-trees and vines, and yield European vegetables and grain readily. The pleasantness of the place is enhanced by the contrast it presents to the surrounding scenery, and the fact that it owes all its beauty to the manual labour of the mis- sionaries. Externally it presents a picture of civilised comfort to the adjacent tribes; and by its printing-press, worked by the ori- ginal founders of the mission, and also by several younger men who have entered into their labours, the light of Christianity is eradually diffused in the surrounding region. This oasis became doubly mteresting to me, from something like a practical expo- sition of the text, Mark x. 29; for after nearly four years of African life as a bachelor, Mr. Moffat having returned from a visit to England in 1843, I screwed up courage to put a question beneath one of the fruit-trees, which, I believe, is generally ac- companied by a peculiar thrillmg sensation in the bosom, and which those who have never felt it can no more explain than the blind man did who thought that scarlet colour was like the sound of a trumpet, and I became united in marriage to his eldest daughter, Mary, in 1844. For a man to say much about his wife would not only be distasteful to the public, but, as it is in this case, decidedly disagreeable to herself. Having been born InvrRoD. THE AUTHOR’S EMPLOYMENTS. o* in the country, and being expert in household matters, she was always the best spoke in the wheel at home; and when, in order to save time, I took her with me on two occasions to Lake Ngami, and far beyond, she actually went farther, and endured more, than some who have written large books of travels. In process of time our solitude was cheered by three boys and a girl, and, I think it useful to mention that, we never had the least difficulty in teaching them to speak English. We made ita rule to speak together always in our own tongue, and a law that the children should address us in no other. It was surprising to observe how seldom we had to remind them of the law. They never attempted to address us in the native tongue, though they spoke both it and English perfectly. From our experience, the spectacle of a missionary’s children speaking only the native language ought never to be seen. When they went on board ship they refused to say another word of the native language, and now have lost it entirely. In consequence of droughts, which will be described in their proper place, we were mainly dependent for supplies of proper food on Kuruman, and were often indebted to the fruit-trees there and to Mrs. Moffat’s kind foresight for the continuance of good health. It ought to be known that, when visitors arrive at most mission stations, the best of everything is provided for them freely ; but having heard that some graceless fellows, who had been feasted gratuitously, went back to the colony, saying, “These missionaries live like fighting cocks,’ we never made any change in our fare for even our friends. If the reader bears in mind that from 1840 to 1845 I was employed in preparatory labours and associated with other mis- sionaries at Kuruman and Mabotsa; then from 1845 to 1849 continued to work at Chonuane and Kolobeng, aided only by Mrs. Livingstone and two native teachers; that in 1849 the journey to discover Lake Ngami was undertaken; and that in the following pages a sketch of our labours at Kolobeng is given, as well as an account of the journey to Lake Ngami, and finally the last great journey which occupied the years 1852-6 detailed,—he will have a clear idea of the arrangement of this book. Speaking generally, I have spent sixteen years of my n Bo 8t NO CLAIM TO LITERARY MERIT. INTROD. life, namely, from 1840 to 1856, in medical and missionary labours in Africa without cost to the inhabitants. As to those literary qualifications which are acquired by habits of writing, and which are so important to an author, my African life has not only not been favourable to the growth of such accom- plishments, but quite the reverse: it has made composition irk- some and laborious. I think I would rather cross the African continent again than undertake to write another book. It is far easier to travel than to write about it. J intended on going to Africa to continue my studies; but as I could not brook the idea of simply entering into other men’s labours made ready to my hands, I entailed on myself, in addition to teaching, manual labour in building and other handicraft work, which made me generally as much exhausted and unfit for study in the evenings as ever I had been when a cotton-spinner. The want of time for self-improvement was the only source of regret that I experienced during my African career. The reader remembering this will make allowances for the mere gropings for light of a student who has the vanity to think himself “ not yet too old to learn.” More precise information on several subjects has necessarily been omitted in a popular work like the present ; but I hope to give such details to the scientific reader through some other channel. a eh eS : ite ae CIM ea +) > Sa ee ee ee ee Sa SE Pe =. rset nie i tit fits seers} i e~ese es wines by San. aie yy! tnseean ee o- +4 =e tahoe orn 1 eidte . ——— SSsstett See + — rae 2 2 = SSS Stisiress a Rial tt Sere, Remrsetasrsgeessts, =* $ em sae ath ; cas << RS ; = : —~—— ~~ een 2 3S : = — > aa ~ rs _—- ~ ~ : : oeee Ssietseessess x = ~ oo by = Ss i HMoaorseteierseet states +. ~~ rede | Pie eiet sarhete hess ieee Satake ~eree I —— a ii tae == ar ee te : if 4 se a=. +—o- ee + aot So ne eee aa : et : Pelabn tale Se} Seta cons boot 5 ee eae. — Se : <= ~~ +a ee Saeseseteeee ee > _—>— Asiiesute partite ees