WALKER, FRANCIS INSECTA BRUANNICA: DIPTERA VOL I 1851 ZI W c.l BMED BRITISH ENTOMOLOGY. Under the immediate sanction of the PRESIDENT and COUNCIL of the ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 01 LONDON will be published a Series of Works on British Entomology, to be entitled INSECTA BRITANNICA. The object of this series of publications is to supply the Entomologist, and the Scientific Public in general, in the first place, with works descriptive of those orders and families of the Insects of the United Kingdom, which have not hitherto been fully treated of by British authors, and afterwards, to revise what has already been published, introducing all the new discoveries, and making such alterations in the nomenclature as the present state of Entomological Science requires, so that ultimately a complete and uniform Series of Works on British Entomology may be produced. In order to render these works as popular and instructive as possible, general information on the habits and economy of the species will be intro- duced as far as practicable. The necessity of such a series of Entomological publications, to complete the great chain of works on the Natural Productions of this country, will be evident to all interested in the history of our native Fauna, and should secure their support. Mode of Publication. The only method of bringing this object to a successful issue is to publish by Subscription ; and it is therefore intended to commence with the following limited series of five volumes : — Vol. I. DIPTERA ; by F. WALKER, Esq., F.L.S. Vol. II. HEMIPTERA and HOMOPTERA ; by W. S. DALLAS, Esq., F.L.S. Vol. III. MICRO-LEPIDOPTERA; by H. T. STAINTON, Esq., Sec. Ent. Soc. Vol IV • • j. Completion of the DIPTKRA; by F. WALKER, Esq., F.L.S. One volume will be published annually, complete in itself, containing from three hundred to three hundred and twenty octavo pages of letter-press, with eight to ten plates, illustrative of the Genera, and will be delivered free at any place in London where the subscribers may direct. The Subscription for the first five volumes will be £4 10$., being at the rate of 18s. per volume, to be paid annually on its delivery. The price of each volume to the public will be 25*. The Series will be under the superintendence of a Committee consisting of THE PRESIDENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. THE SECRETARIES or THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. WILLEAM SPENCE, Esq., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c. J. F. STEPHENS, Esq., F.L.S., &c. W. W. SAUNDERS, Esq., F.L.S., &c. London : Reeve and Benham, 5, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. INSECTA BRITANNIC A. D I P T E R A. VOL. I. n FRANCIS WALKER, F.L.S. LONDON : REEVE AND BENHAM, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1851. PRINTED BY REEVE AND NICHOLS, HEATHCOCK COURT, STRAND. PREFACE. THE following descriptions are prepared from British or Irish specimens ; and the species which are doubtful natives of Great Britain and Ireland, or which I have not had the means of examining, are omitted. The Diptera are here divided into Suctoridea, Proboscidea, and Eproboscidea : the Proboscidea com- prise the Nemocera, Brachycera, and Hypocera ; and this volume contains the families of Brachycera in which the Diptera are most highly organized, or have their characters most developed. Mr. Haliday has contributed the characters and synoptical tables of the Diptera, of the Empidte, and of the Syrphida, and the whole of the Doliekopida ; and I am also indebted to him for his kind assistance in other parts of the volume. The ten plates are prepared by Mr. Westwood ; two others, by Mr. Haliday, illustrating the wings of Diptera generally, will appear in the next volume. The last volume will contain an introduction and general observations on these insects. FRANCIS WALKER. December, 1851. EXPLANATION OF THE CONTRACTIONS IN THE REFERENCES. Ags. — Agassiz. Ahr. f. e. and fn. — Ahrens, Fauna In- sectorum Europse. Be. — Bouche. Brm. and Bms. — Bunneister. Bridle exp. m. — Brulle, Expedition Scientifique de la Moree. Carlier, ann. soc. ent. fr. — Carlier, Annales de la Societe Efetomolo- gique de la France. Ct. b. e. — Curtis, British Entomology Den. and DC. — Duncan. Dg. and Deg. ins. and i. — De Geer, In- sectes, &c. Dmr. and Dml. — Dumeril,Dict. Nouv. de 1'Histoire Naturelle. Dnv. and Dnvn. — Donovan, British Insects. Duf. and Df. — Leon Dufour. Fb. s. e. ; sp. i., sp., and s. i. ; mnt. ; e. s. ; s. a. — Fabricius, Systema Entoinologiae, Species Insectorum, Mantissa Insectorum, Entomolo- gia Systematica, Systema Antlia- torum. Fin. d. s. ; spl., sppl., snppl. ; anthr. ; asil. ; dol. ; emp. ; str. ; syrph. — Fallen, Diptera Suecise; Supple- ment; Authracides ; Asilici ; Do- lichopodes ; Empidffi ; Stratio- mydte ; Syrphici. Fischer progr. — Fischer von Waldheim ; Programme. Ftr. and Frst., s. sp., and ct. — Forster, Cent. ; Nova; Species Insectorum. Gf. and Gfr. ; ins. ed. Fcry. — Geoffrey, Histoire des Insects ; Insccta edente Fourcroy, or Entomologia Parisiensis. Gm. s. n. — Gmeliu, Systema Naturae, ed. 13. Gmtl. — Gimmerthal. Gn., Gr., and Grn. ; ic. — Guerin, Ico- nographie du Regne Animal. Hal. and A. H. H. ; a. n. h. ; e. m. ; z. j. — Haliday, Annals of Natu- ral History ; Entomological Ma- gazine ; Zoological Journal. Harris, or Hrs. — Harris, Exposition of English Insects. Hbst.— Herbst. Hms., Hfg., and Hffg. — Hoffmansegg in Meigen. Illig. and 111. ; mag. — Illiger ; maga- zine. Kby. — Kirby. L. and Lin. ; s. n. ; fn., and f. s. — Linnrcus, Systema Naturae; Fauna Suecica. Lch. ; comp., Sam. Comp., and Sm. cp. — Leach in the Entomologist's Useful Compendium, by Samou- elle. Lhm. ; n. act. ac. dec., and act. acad. dec. — Lehmann, Nova Acta Aca- demise, Decade, &c. L. and Latr. ; f. n. ; d. h. n. ; g. c., and gen. ; h. n. ; r. a. — Families Naturelles ; Dictionnaire de 1'His- toire Naturelle ; Genera Crust, et Insectorum; Histoive Naturelle des Insectes ; Regne Animal ; Precis des Caracteres, &c. Lm. — Lamarck, Animaux sans Ver- tebres. VI CONTRACTIONS. Lw. ; d. b., and bytr. ; e. z. ; 1. e. — Loew ; Beytrage ; Entomologische Zeitung ; Linnsea Entomologica. Mg. ; kl. ; zw. ; ill. mag. — Meigen ; Klassifikazion, &c. ; Zweifliige- ligen Insekten ; Illiger's Magazin fiir Insektenkuude. Mgrle. and Mgle. — Megerlein Meigeu. Mk. ; m. b. — Mikan ; Monographia Bombyliorum Bohemise. Mb:. ; pr. — Miiller ; Fauna Friedrichs- dahliensis ; Prodromus Zoologise Danicse. Mq. ; d., and d. i. ; d. n., and d. n. fr., emp. ; d. e. ; a. s. e. — Mac- quart ; Histoire Naturelle des Insectes Dipteres ; Dipteres du Nord le la France, Empides, &c. ; Dipteres Exotiques ; Annales de la Societe Entomologique de la France, serie 2. Nwm. — Newman. Ol. enc. — Olivier, Encyclopedic Me- thodique. Prylsr. — Preysler, Insekten, &c. Pz. ; fn. — Panzer ; Fauna Insectorum Germanise. Rdn. — Rondani. Rfnq. and Rfn. — Rafinesque. Rgb. — See Leptis lineola, p. 66, in Errata. Rm. — Reaumur, Insectes, &c. Ro., Ros., and Rsi. ; etr. — Rossi; Fauna Etrusca ; edente Illigerio, Roser ; Wurt. zw. — Verzeichniss Wiir- temberg. Zweifliigeligen. Rs. — Rossi; Systematiscb.es Verzeich- niss der zweifliigelicbten Insecten (Diptera) des Erzberzogthums Oesterreicb. (Wien, 1848.) Rtz. — Ratzburg. Sch., Schf., Schff., and Shf. ; ic.— Schseffer ; Icones Insectorum, &c. Sd. ; ent. — Shuckard in Tbe Entomo- logist. Shi., Scblb., and Schll.— Schellenberg Sbr. ; i. a., and in. ; f. b. and fn. — Schranck; Insecta Austrise ; Fauna Boica. Sib.— Sahlberg. Spl. ; e. c., and i. c., and earn. — Sco • poli ; Entomologia Carniolica. St. and Steph. ; b. e. ; ill. — Stephens ; Illustrations of British Insects, Haustellata ; Illustrations of Bri- tish Entomology. St. F. et Srv.— St. Fargeau et Servillc in the Encyclopedic Methodique. Stg. and Stseg. ; e. z. — Steger ; Ento- mologische Zeitung, and in Kroy- er's Naturhistorische Tidsskrift. Stn. — Stannius in Oken's Isis. Wd., Wdm., and Wdn. ; z. m., and mag. — Wiedemann ; Zoologische Magaziu. Wlbg. ; act. holm. — Wahlberg ; Kongl. Sveuska Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar. Ofversigt, ditto. Wlk. e. m. ; c. d. b. m. — Walker, in the Entomological Magazine ; Ca- talogue of Diptera in the British Museum. Wtw. and Wstw. ; cl., elf., and class. — "Westwood ; Classification of In- sects. Zll. ; and Zlr. — Zeller, in Oken's Isis. Ztt. ; d. s. ; i. 1., and lap. ; a. holm. — Zetterstedt ; Diptera Scandinavia) ; Insecta Lapponica; Kongl. Sven- ska Vetenskaps Academiens Hand- lingar. INSECTA BRITANNICA. D I P T E R A. Os suctorium, prodoscide, setis inclusis, palpisque. Alts bina ; halteres bini pone alas. Tarsi pentameri. Synonyma* Oken, 1821. — Burmeister ; Strauss Durckheim ; Erichson ; Siebold. Antliata; Schioedte, 1841. Diptera et Suctoria : Degeer, 1778 ; Latreille, 1797 ; Savigny ; Duges. Diptera et Aptera : M'Leay, 1821. Diptera et Siphonaptera : Latreille, 1825. Diptera et ApJianiptera : Kirby, 1826 ; Westwood. Diptera, Omaloptera et Aptera: Leach, 1819. Diptera, Pupipara et Suctoria: Latr., 1821. Diptera, Homaloptera et Aphaniptera: Stephens, 1827; Curtis. Diptera, Omaloptera et Pulicarii: Eondani, 1841. * The synonyms are arranged in the following gradations : — Lines. 1. Equivalent . { \> ^onymous i 2, synonymous 2 o ruii^,-^ f 3 , in two members 3-6 A. l^oilective . < n . ,-, /VTA l 2, in three members 7-10 3. Supplementary . An entire group and part of another co-ordinate . . 11-17 4. Indefinite . . . Portions only of groups 18, 19 5 . Ancient, before the distinct gradations of groups were observed . . . 20-22 VOL. I. B DIPTERA. Diptera et Aptera p.: Linnaeus, 1753; Geoffroy ; Miiller; Olivier; Cuvier; Dumeril; (Meigen ; Fallen; Zetterstedt.) Halterata et Pedestria p. : Scopoli, 1763. Muscoides et Oniscoides p . : Laicharting, 1781. Halteriptera et Rophoteira p. : Clairville, 1798. Diptera et Antennidia p. : Bafinesque, 1815. Aptera et Diptera p. : Lamarck. Angioptera p. : Linnaeus, 1735. Antliata p. et Ryngota p. : Fabricius, 1775 ; Illiger. Diptera et Aptera p. : Aristoteles. Bipennia et impennia p. : Plinius. Anelytra bipennia, &c. : Lister. Mouth suctorial ; with a proboscis., or sheath, closed on the under- side (Labium), usually shut above by a slighter piece (Labrum), and enclosing (generally an odd number of) lancets, varying between one and five, (Lingua, Maxilla?, Mandibulae :) a pair of palpi (maxillary); rarely there are the rudiments of another pair (labial), or there are none at all. Sometimes the mouth is obsolete, or even closed. Thorax compact ; prothorax very short, immovably attached to the mesothorax, which is the largest segment. A pair of wings (the anterior), the membrane not clothed with scales ; divided into a moderate number of areolets, by interlaced veins ; the base of the wing continued, more or less, in sinuous folds (Alulae), below the sides of the scutellum. A pair of small clavate appendages, filled with air (Halteres), behind them, in place of the posterior wings. Sometimes the wings, or both wings and halteres, are wanting. Tarsi pentamerous, rarely tetramerous.* No nipping jaws ; no wing-cases. This order is not liable to be confounded with almost a: other, as regards the winged species, which form the vast majority. Only the male Coccida, when they have compound eyes (some LorthesifB, &c.), resemble Chironomida with the proboscis ob- solete ; but their tarsi, of one joint and with a single claw, are sufficient to distinguish them. The very superficial resemblance which some NEUUOPTERA (Cloeon spp. &c.), wanting the hind wings, bear to dipterous insects, is not likely to mislead : these have not halteres, and both the shape and the veining of the * Only two instances are recorded, viz., Dicera furcata (Germar), in which the posterior pairs, and Echinomyia tetramera (Zett.), in which all the tarsi, are tetra- merous. DIPTERA. wings differ from DIPTERA. Still more remote is the relation to the male Stylopida, in which it is the metathorax, with the hinder wings alone, that are developed, and the position of the seeming halteres (fore wings) is relatively the inverse. Among HYMENOPTERA, the genus Mymar has the hinder wings only rudimental, but they take the form of a bristle merely. The wingless species of Diptera may be distinguished from those of most other orders, (HEMIPTERA and NEUROPTERA p., sc. ForficuKda, Podurella, Mallophaga, Termitidaa, Psocidte, Phy- sapoda, spp. &c.,) by the 5-jointed tarsi ; and where this mark fails (from COLEOPTERA, HYMENOPTERA, and the other wingless NEUROPTERA), by the want of nipping jaws, or of the maxillary spiral sucker (of LEPIDOPTERA) ; without going into the other distinctive characters. In Diptera, the labium seems to be the true pump, or instru- ment of suction. Accordingly, where the fly merely imbibes excreted juices of plants, &c., we find the labium much longer than the rest of the oral organs (e. g. Conops, Sipkona, Musca, Hydrofaa, Tephntis, and most of the Muscida, the Syrphida, Pipunculidffi, &c.). But where the fly preys on other insects, there is a borer (composed of labrurn, tongue, and usually also maxillae) nearly as long as the labium (Asilidtf, Empidce, Scato- pkaya, Canosia, Cordylura, &c.) ; and where they have to pierce the skin of larger animals, to make the blood flow to the sucker, this development is more evident (Stomoxys}, sometimes the borer being reinforced with mandibular lancets (Tabamdce, Culex, Phlebotomus, Ceratopogon, Simulium*). The comparative short- ness of the labrum and tongue in some of the family Dolickopida, which are all predaceous, is only apparently an exception; see further under that head. The length of the labium is not an obstacle to the borer going deep; for while its extremity con- tinues to embrace and steady the lancets of the borer, the inter- mediate length may be detached from them, in a loop, allowing the liplets to slide back as the borer penetrates (e. g. Culex], * The entire mouth forming a cupping apparatus. B 2 I, DIPTERA. DIPTEEA. lying flat in cavities at the sides of the head ..1. SUCTORIDEA. . . 2. PROBOSCIDEA. . 3. EPROBOSCIDEA. seated in front of f^ose side by side Lthehead: Legs SUCTOEIDEA. Suctoria, Degeer; Latr. Aphaniptera, Kirby ; Stephens ; Curtis ; Westwood. Siphonaptera, Latr. Aptera, Lamarck ; M'Leay. Aptera p., Linn. ; Dumeril. Ehophoteira p., Clairville. Diptera p., Oken; Burmeister; Erichson; Siebold. Eyngota p., Fabr. AntHata p., Schioedte. Antennae pone oculos, laterales, distantes, recumbentes. Oculi bini, laterales, simplices. Mandibulse extricatse, serratas. Lingua nulla. Palpi labiales non semper obsoleti. Alae et halteres nulla. Epimera prothoracis libera, porrecta. Corpus compressum, ad juncturas thoracis cum capite et abdomine non constrictum. PEOBOSCIDEA. Proboscidea, Latr. • Diptera, Leach ; Meigen. Antennae in fronte inter oculos. Labium apice bilobo. Lingua labro inclusa. Palpi maxillis affixi, vel fulcro proboscidis. Alse et halteres in plerisque. Pedes cujusque paris inter se fere contigui. Head attached to the front of the thorax by a slender neck. Large compound facetted eyes at the sides of the head ; on the vertex often three simple eyes. Antennae inserted in front of the head, between the large eyes. Proboscis attached to a fleshy prop inserted in a cavity in DIPTERA. 5 the lower and anterior part of the head. Labium ending in a thicker bilobed piece (the "labella"), traversed internally by radiating tracheae; sheathing the mandibles and maxillae when these are developed. La- drum closing this sheath above, embracing the lingua. Palpi attached to the base of the maxillee, or, if these are wanting, seated on the prop of the proboscis. Prothorax very small, immovably joined to the meso- thorax, which is the largest piece. Wings and halteres developed, almost always. Abdomen at the base much more slender than the thorax, its dorsal segments at least distinct (4 or more). Legs of each pair close together ', and the posterior two pairs to each other ; the fore pair usually farther from the intermediate. Ungues and onychia symmetrical pairs. PROBOSCIDEA. 8 rwith distinct joints, at least 6, (usually more than 10) . . . 1. NEMOCERA. ~*J I 3 o r— | \ .In d ' eo E 1 03 o w i^ sfl S3 «S o «H C/3 45 | i w ^ d '53 bJD o> i B .^CO §^ r dilated like the onychia . 17. LEPTID^E. 0 o J 3< PH d d 1 r^ ** •T3 >» PH 1 "d 3 I slender and pointed . . 18. BOMBYLID^E. -o -§ J - "of ^ d V. co *• 03 %4 E ^^ PH , short, and distant from the h ind margin .... • • 1 03 1 ' bO B f fan " rounded : Brachial ( reaching (some of them) to f fe» • iH W*J and anal areolets J the first third of wing J -4— ' •i^ »l | H-^ ^ ^ ri bJD 5*3 ^ HH PQ 5 a .9 a & S •• k 1 ."S o> o ^ 11 I O *H O - o ^ Jo I bounded by the cheeks 27. MUSCID^E. > obsolete 28 (EsxRiD^: , abortive : 3rd joint of Antennse f at lts tlp A (20 Empidas p ) bearing the arista 1 ., I- on its upper edge . . (27. Muscidse p.) DIPTERA. 9 HYPOCERA. Fam. 29. PHORHLE. EPROBOSCIDEA. prone, the neck lying on the prosternum . . Fam. 30. HIPPOBOSCID^. Head ,' turned back, and upside down, over the mesonotum . 31. NYCTERIBID.T FAMILY!. STEATIOMID^. STRATIOMYD.E, LI. g. c. (1809); Fin.; Mg.; Ztt. Stratiomydes, Mq. Corpus magnum, medium, aut minus. Ocelli 3. Proboscis re- tracta. Labium crassum. Palpi saspissime clavati. Antenna por- rectas, §-\Q-articulat(S, basi approximate, apice conica3 aut seta elongata aut stylo brevissimo terminate ; articuli tertius et sequentes suba3quales. Scutellum muticum aut spinosum. Ala3 incumbentes, plerumque tenmter et obsolete venosae. Vena cubitalis furcata. Areola analis longa. Vena costalis prope alae apicem terminata. Alulae parvae. Abdomen depressum, 5-annulatum, saepissime latius- culum. Pedes breviusculi, simplices, mutici, pubescentes. Mas. Oculi saepissime contigui. Fcem. Oculi remoti. Body rather flat, of large, middle, or small size. Ocelli 3. Pro- boscis withdrawn. Palpi most often clavate. Labium thick. An- tennas porrect, approximate at the base, 5—lQ-jointed, with conical tips, or terminating in a short style or in a long bristle ; third and following joints compact, almost equal, forming a flagellum. Scutellum unarmed or beset with spines. Wings incumbent, parallel; veins crowded together near the fore border; cubital vein forked ; costal vein ending near the tip of the wing ; longitudinal veins generally slender, indistinct, not reaching the border ; discal areolet small. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen depressed, generally rather broad, with 5 segments. Legs simple, pubescent, unarmed, of moderate length. Tarsi with 3 onycliia. Male. Eyes generally contiguous. Female. Eyes remote. The species of this family inhabit flowers, leaves of trees, meadows, or aquatic plants ; from the spring to the autumn their movements are slow. The larvae are aquatic, or live in decom- posing matter or in decayed wood. VOL. i. c 10 STRATIOMID^E. notstylate: (-almost obsolete .... 1. BERTS. armed with Palpi < spines: >-lonsc 2. ACTINA. Antennae ' , f short 3. STRATIOMYS. .stylate: Style ( ,8-jointed 4. OXYCERA. .long; Antennae < l9-jointed 5. CLITELLARIA. porrect 6. NEMOTELUS. 8-jointed ... 7. PACHYGASTER. . . 8. CHRYSOMYIA. 6-jointed ... 9. SARGUS. unarmed: I Epistomai 1 declining : Antennse / 7-jointed Genus I. BERIS. BEBIS, LI. g. c. (1809); Mg. ; Wd. ; Mq. ; Ct. ; Ztt. Musca p., L. ; Ftr.; Fb.; Slir. Stratiomys p., Fb. ; Ftr. ; Gm. ; Gf. ; Pz. ; Fin. Actina, Mg. kl. Corpus oblongum, sat angustum. Color metallicus, abdornine interdum flavo ; pictura nulla. Palpi subobsoleti. Antennae subfusiformes ; Jlagellum subconicum. Scutellum spinis 4-8 armatum. Alarum venee 3 longitudinales, prseter areolam analem longe retractam, in alse marginem interiorem descendentes ; vena cubitalis subrecta ; furca sat longa. Abdomen depressum. Tibia3 muticse. Mas. Oculi contigui. Fcem. Oculi remoti. Body rather narrow, clothed with short hairs. Colour black or me- tallic, without spots, bands, or stripes ; abdomen of some species yellow. Head depressed. Labrum very short, broad, hollow, emarginate at the tip ; the sides thickened. Tongue acute, rather longer than the labrum. Palpi almost obsolete. Labium large. Antenna long-fusiform, porrect, approximate, diverging, 10-jointed, a little longer than the head; first and second joints bristly ; first more slender at the base ; second cyathiform ; third and following joints forming a long-conical flagel- lum. Thorax oval, with some transverse sutures on the sides. Scu- tellum rounded, armed with 4, 6, or 8 spines. Wings finely pubescent ; cubital vein almost straight, its fork rather long. Alulas entire, very small. Abdomen flat. Legs slender. Male. Eyes contiguous. Abdomen linear; lateral lamellae of the hypopygium hooked, exserted. Hind metatarsus long, broad. Female. Eyes remote. Abdomen long-elliptical. BERIS. 11 These insects inhabit flowers and herbage during the summer. B. clavipes and B. vallata frequent open meadows ; the other species are more often found in woods. a. Abdomen yellow. Species 1,2. a a. Abdomen metallic or black. Species 3-6. 1. clavipes, L. s. n. ii. 981. 12 (1767); Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm.; Pz.; Gf. ; LI. ; Mg. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. — nigra, Gf. Nigra, scutello sex-spinoso, alis fuscis, abdomine luteo segmmtis fusco-fasciatis, pedibus luteis, tarsis nigris, tibiis anterioribus fuscis basi flavis ; Mas. abdomine basi nigro. Long. 2^-3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. Black, thinly clothed with tawny hairs. Proboscis tawny. Scutellum armed with 6 spines. Wings brown, dark brown at the base and along the fore border. Halteres yellow. Abdomen luteous ; a slender brown band near the hind border of each segment. Legs luteous ; tarsi black ; posterior tibiae dark brown, yellow towards the base. Male. Abdomen black at the base. Hind metatarsus dilated. Generally distributed. The eggs are oval, and form a chain about an inch long, being connected, in an oblique position, side by side. (E. S. I.) 2. vallata, Ftr. n. sp. i. I. 96 (1771); Gm.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt.; Lw. — nigritarsis, LI. — clavipes, Mg. Nigra, scutello sex-spinoso, ab- domine luteo, pedibus flavis, tarsis nigris, tibiis fuscis basi flavis. Long. 2-L-23 . aiar> 4|_5^ iin. Black, thinly clothed with tawny hairs. Proboscis tawny. Antenna? with the third joint sometimes ferruginous or tawny. Scutellum armed with 6 spines. Halteres yellow. Abdomen luteous. Legs yellow ; tibia3 dark brown, yellow towards the base ; tarsi black. Var. Hind tibiae quite yellow; hind metatarsus tawny. Male. Wings brown. Hind metatarsus slightly dilated. Fern. Wings colourless, yellow at the base and along the fore border as far as the stigma, which is brown. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 3. chalybeata, Ftr. n. sp. i. I. 95 (1771); Mg.; Mq. — sex- dentata, Fb. ; LI.; Mg. ; Ztt.; Lw. — obscura? Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. — flavipes, Mq. — atra, Mg. Viridis, scutelli spinis nigris, pedibus fulvis, tarsis fuscis, metatarso postico fulvo ; Mas. alis nigro-fuscis, abdomine atro ; Fcem. fronte lata, alis fulvo-subcinereis, abdomine piceo. Long. 2-2-i- ; alar. 4-5 lin. Antenna black. Scutellum armed with 4, 6, or 8 black spines. Legs tawny; tarsi brown. Male. Dark green, clothed with short black hairs. Proboscis yellow. Wings dark brown ; stigma very dark brown. Hal- teres brown. Abdomen deep black, not shining. Coxae black. Hind metatarsi dark tawny. Fern. Bright bluish-green, clothed with short tawny hairs. Proboscis tawny. Wings pale grey, with a tawny tinge ; c 2 12 STRATIOMID^E. stigma brown. Halteres tawny. Abdomen piceous, shining. Hind metatarsi tawny. Var. Fern. Antennae with the third joint ferruginous. Generally distributed; the pupa has been found in moss. (E. S. 1.) 4. fuscipes, Mg. zw. ii. 8. 11 (1820); Lw. — nigra, Mg. ; Mq, Cyaneo-viridis, scutelli spinis nigris, abdomine nigro-cupreo ; Mas. alis subcinereis, pedibus nigro-fmcis geniculis tarsorumque basi Jlamcantibus, metatarso postico incrassato ; Fcem. alis limpidis, pedibus flams femo- ribus ante apicem, tibiis apice tarsorumque articulis secundo ad tertium fuscis. Long. 2|~3 ; alar. 6-6-^- lin. Bright bluish-green, clothed with tawny hairs. Antennae black. Scutellum armed with 6 or 8 black spines. Halteres luteous. Abdomen coppery black. Legs tawny. Male. Wings slightly tinged with grey ; stigma brown ; veins black, tawny at the base. Hind tarsi and tips of the hind tibia brown. Fern. Wings colourless ; femora, tidies, and fore tarsi partly pale brown. Bare; South of England. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 5. Morrisii, Dale, ent. 175. 75 (1842). — -pallipes, Lw. Cyaneo- viridis, scutelli spinis nigris, alis sublimpidis, abdomine nigro-cupreo, pedibus flavis, tarsorum articulis secundo ad quintum fuscis ; Foem. fronte angusta. Long. 3y-3£; alar. 6^—7 lin. Bright bluish-green, clothed with tawny hairs. Antennae black. Scutellum armed with & or S Hack spines. Wings almost colourless; stigma dark brown ; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres luteous. Abdomen coppery-black. Legs pale yellow ; tarsi brown ; anterior me- tatarsi tawny. Male. Tips of the tibia drown. Fern. Front narrow. Hind metatarsi tawny. Bare ; South of England. In the British Museum. (E.) 6. geniculata, Hal.; Ct. b. e.! 337(1830). Cyaneo-viridis, capite nigro-viridi, antennarum articulo tertio ferrugineo, scutelli spinis viridi- bus, abdomine pedibusque nigris, genubus fulvis ; Mas. alis nigricanti- bus; Fcem. alis cinereis. Long. 3-3f; alar. 6-6-i lin. Bright bluish-green. Head greenish-black. Antennae black ; third joint dark ferruginous. Scutellum armed with 6 green spines. Halteres luteous. Abdomen black, clothed with white down. Legs black; femora, tibia, and tarsi at the base and knees tawny. Male. Wings blackish. Fern. Wings grey. Rare. (E. S. 1.) Genus II. ACTINA. ACTINA, Ct. b. e. 337 (1830). Stratiomys p., Ftr. Actina p. olim. Xylophagus p., LI. Beris p., Mg. ; Mq. ; Lw. STRATIOMYS. 13 Corpus oblongum, angustum. Color metallicus, abdomine inter dnm pallido ; pictura nulla. Oculi remoti. Palpi longi, triarticulati. Scutellum spinis armatum. Alarum venae 3 longitudinales, praeter areolam analem subrectangulam longe retractam, in marginem in- teriorem alae descendentes ; vena quarta longitudinalis abbreviata ; vena cubitalis undulata ; furca brevis. Tibiae muticse. Body narrow. Colour mostly metallic. Eyes remote in both sexes. Head depressed. Palpi long, triarticulate, somewhat thicker towards the tips. Antennas 10-jointed, long-fusiform, approximate, diverging, a little longer than the head ; third and following joints forming a long- conical flagellum. Scutellum armed with spines. Wings finely pubes- cent; third, fourth, fifth, and sixth posterior areolets open to the border ; fourth and sixth more or less united ; anal areolet remote from the border; cubital vein undulating, its fork short. Tibiae without spurs. The flies of this genus inhabit woods ; they are nearly allied to Beris, and have the same habits. 1. tibialis, Mg. zw. ii. 3. 2 (1820) ; Lw. Viridis, capite nigro an- tice albo, antennis nigris, articulis secundo et tertio fulvis, scutello spinis quatuor fulvis armato, pedibus flavis ; Mas. proboscide flava, alis sub- cinereis, stigmate fusco, abdomine lineari purpureo subtus fulvo, tarsis fuscis basi flavis, femoribus posticis fuscis subtus et apice fulvis, tibiis posticis fuscis clavatis ; Fcem. proboscide ftdva, alis limpidis, stigmate fulvo, abdomine fusifonni fulvo maculis fuscis bivittato, femoribus tibiisque posticis fulvis. Long. 2^ ; alar. 5 lin. Body slender, bright green, clothed with very short tawny hairs. Head black, wlu'te in front. Antennae black. Scutellum armed with four tawny spines. Halteres yellow. Legs yellow ; tarsi brown, yellow at the base. Male. Proboscis yellow. Antenna? with the second and third joints dark tawny. Wings pale grey ; stigma brown. Abdomen linear, dark purple, tawny beneath. Hind femora brown, tawny be- neath and towards the tips. Hind tibiae dark brown, clavate. Fern. Proboscis tawny. Antennae with the second and third joints tawny. Wings colourless; stigma tawny. Abdomen fusiform, tawny, with a row of triangular brown spots along each side. Hind femora tawny. Hind tibiae tawny, with brown tips. Not common. (E.) Genus III. STRATIOMYS. STRATIOMYS, Gf. iris. ed. Fcry. (1784); Fb.; Mg. ; Pz.; LI.; Fin.; Mq. ; Ztt. Musca p., L. Hirtea p., Spl. Odontomyia, LI. ; Mg. Corpus ovato-oblongum. Antennae 7-8-articulatse ; articulus primus secundo longior ; tertius et sequences ad septimum flagellum subfusiforme 1* STRATIOMIDjE. stylo terminali Iremssimojingentes. Scutellum spinis dtiabus armatum. Alarum venae prsebrachialis, pobrachialis, et intermediae non usque ad summum marginem interiorem descendentes. Body oblong-oval, black, of large or middle size, slightly pubescent. Head semicircular. Epistoma convex, forming a keel. Ocelli 3. Eyes green, often with purple bands. Peristoma small, circular. Proboscis withdrawn. Labrum linear, rounded in front, covering* the labium. Lingua as long as the labium ? Maxillae very small, pointed, attached with the labrum to the base of the labium. Palpi triarticulate, diverging, seated on each side in front of the base of the labium ; joints cylindrical, of equal length ; third somewhat thickened. Labium almost cylindrical. Antennae 7-8 -jointed, porrect, contiguous at the base, diverging, inclined upward; first joint cylindrical, longer than the second ; second short, cyathiform ; third and all the following forming a fusiform compressed pointed flagellum, which usually forms an angle with the second joint ; eighth joint like a very short style. Thorax oval ; scutellum semicircular, armed with 2 short spines. Wings lanceolate, not pubescent, incumbent, parallel, not covering the sides of the body. Alulae small, not covering the halteres. Abdomen oval, 5 -jointed, flat or but slightly convex, pubescent or almost bare, often with yellow marks on each side, or partly green, which colour prevails chiefly in the smaller species, when it commences beneath and spreads thence over the sides of the back till it occupies the whole surface. Legs slender. Male. Eyes contiguous ; facets larger on the crown than in front. Thorax hairy. Female. Eyes remote. Thorax almost bare. These flies feed on the honey of flowers, and appear in the spring and in the summer on aquatic plants : their flight in hot weather is very rapid but short, and they quickly return to the spot whence they took wing. The larvae are aquatic, and the metamorphose of 8. Chameleon has been often observed. Its eggs from white become green, and then change to olive- green ; they are arranged like tiles on a roof, one laid partly over another, on the underside of the leaves of Alisma Plantago, the water-plantain. The larva often remains suspended by its radiated anus at the surface of the water, with its head down- wards. Its ganglions are so near each other as to appear like a string of beads. When it is disposed to sink to the bottom or to descend, by bending the sides of its tail so as to form a concavity it includes in them a bubble of air, in brilliancy resembling silver or pearl, and then sinks with it by its own weight : when it would return to the surface it is by means of this bubble. If it moves upon the surface or horizontally, it bends its body STRATIOMYS. 15 alternately to the right and left, contracting itself into the form of the letter S, and then extending itself again into a straight line : by these alternate movements it makes its way slowly in the water. It has much resemblance to some of the Polypi vagi- nati. The last joint of the pupa retains the exact form of the larva-body, is extremely long, and terminates in an orifice to receive the air, which is surrounded by a circle of about thirty diverging rays, consisting of beautifully feathered hairs or plumes. The feathery hairs are so prepared as to repel the water, and thus to suspend the animal by its tail at the surface, and preserve a constant access of air. When it has occasion to sink, it turns these hairs in and shuts the orifice, carrying down with it an air- bubble that shines like quicksilver, and, as is conjectured, enables it again to become buoyant when it wants to breathe. The dorsal vessel (series of hearts, or artery) is attenuated at both ends. The ovaries of the fly are agglomerate, and the egg-tubes form two bundles, in which the branches are not discernible. a. First joint of the antennae more than six times the length of the second. Species 1. a a. First joint of the antennae about four times the length of the second. Species 2-4. a a a. First joint of the antennae more than twice the length of the second. Species 5-7. aaaa. First joint of the antenna? rather longer than the second. Species 8-14. 1. longicornis, Spl. e. c. 999 (1763). — strigata, Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; LI. ; Pz. fa. ! xii. 20 ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. — villosa, Mg. — nuleculosa, Mg. — thoracica, Fb. Nigra, alis fuscis apice margineque postico cinereis, ventre fulvo-vittato, tibiis basi tarsisque falvis, tibiis posticis fulvis nigro-cinctis ; Fcem. capite flavo-quadrimaculato. Long. 5-6-i ; alar. 10-13 lin. Black. Head and thorax most thickly clothed with ferruginous hairs : eyes very thickly clothed with black hairs. Proboscis dark brown. Antennae more than twice the length of the head. Scutellum armed with 2 tawny teeth. Wings brown, grey along the hind borders and at the tips. Halteres yellow. Abdomen clothed with hoary hairs on each side, especially towards the base ; underside with 4 or 5 pale tawny bands. Tibiae at the base and tarsi tawny ; hind tibiae tawny with a black band. Fern. Head with 4 yellow spots, 2 between and 2 behind the eyes. Not common. (E.) 2. Chamseleon, Dg. ins. vi. 64. 1 (1752); Fb.; Gf. p.; Ro. etr. ; fig. Sch. ic. i. ix. 3, 4 ; Harris, exp. xi. 1. fig. ; Mg. ; Fin,; Mq. ; 16 STUATIOMID^. Ztt. — -potamida, Mg.; Mq. Nigro-senea, capite flavo-bimaculato, scu- tello flavo aut fulvo bidentato, alls subcinereis basi et ad costam sub- fulvis, abdomine nigro flavo-fasciato et utrinque maculato, ventre flavo, pedibus fulvis, femoribus nigris, tibiis nigro-fasciatis. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 12-14 lin. .ZEneous-black, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Head with 2 yellow spots in front. Proboscis dark brown. Antennae black, about twice the length of the head. Scutellum yellow or tawny, armed with 2 tawny teeth. Wings very pale grey, with a tawny tinge at the base and along the fore border. Halteres yellow, with a brown ring near the base. Abdomen above deep black, marked with yellow : a large trian- gular spot on each side of the first segment ; an often interrupted band on the second ; a band on the third, and a spot at the tip ; underside yellow, with 4 more or less interrupted black bands. Legs tawny ; femora black ; a black band on each tibia. Male. Spots on the front smaller than in the female. Fern. A narrow interrupted yellow band behind the eyes. Generally distributed. (E. I.) 3. furcata, Fb. e. s. iv. 264. 5 (1792); Harris, exp. xii. 2. fig. ; Mg.; Mq. ; Ztt. — chameleon, L. ; Shr. ; Pz. fn. ! viii. 24; var. Ko. etr. — -panthaleon, Fin. Nigra, alis subcinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, abdomine fulvo-1 -maculato, ventre flavo -quinquefasciato, tibiis basi tarsisque fulvis; Fcem. capite flavo-unimaculato, scutello fulvo nigro- marginato. Long. 6-7; alar. 12-14 lin. Black, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Proboscis dark brown. Antennae almost twice the length of the head. Wings pale grey, tawny at the base and along half the breadth beneath the fore border. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with 3 more or less triangular tawny spots on each side and 1 at the tip ; underside with 5 yellow bands. TibiaB towards the base and tarsi tawny. Fern. Head with a yellow spot behind. Scutellum tawny, black along the fore border, armed with 2 tawny teeth. Generally distributed. (E. I.) 4. riparia, Mg. zw. iii. 138. 6 (1822) ; Mq. — strigata, Mg. kl. Nigra, scutelli margine postico fulvo bidentato, alis fulvis, abdomine albido-1 -maculato, ventre flavo-quinquefasciato, pedibus nigris, tibiis apice tarsisque fulvis, tarsis anticis obscure fulvis. Long. 4-|~5 ; alar. 9-10 lin. Black, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Proboscis dark brown. Scutellum tawny along the hind border, armed with 2 tawny spines, whose tips are black. Wings tawny, paler along the hind borders and at the tips. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with 3 narrow whitish spots on each side and one at the tip ; underside with 5 yellow bands. Tibiae towards the base and tarsi tawny ; fore tarsi dark tawny. Rare. In Mr, Saunders's collection. (E.) STRATIOMYS. 17 5. microleon, Fb.; Dg.; L. s. n. ii. 980. 4 (1767). Nigra, capite flavo-quadrimaculato, thoracis lateribus fulvis, alls sublimpidis, abdo- minis maculis 6 apice ventreque fulvis, tibiis tarsisque flavis. Long. 4| ; alar. 8 lin. Black, clothed with whitish hairs. Borders of the peristoma and 2 large spots on each side pale greenish-yellow. First and second joints of the antennae, sides and spines of the thorax, tawny. Wings colourless ; veins and halteres yellow. Abdomen with 3 triangular yellow spots on each side ; tip and underside yellow. Legs yellow ; femora black ; tips of hind tibia piceous. Rare. In Mr. E. Brown's collection. (E.) 6. argentata, Fb. e. s.iv. 266. 15 (1792); Pz. in.! xxi. 20. cviii. 10 ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Ztt. Nigra, alis albis, abdominis maculis 6 apice ventreque fulvis, tibiis tarsisque fulvis ; Mas. abdomine argenteo, tibiis nigro-cinctis ; Fosm. capite antico ferrugineo-maculato. Long. 3^-4 ; alar. 6-7 lin. Black, clothed with short tawny hairs. Scutellum armed with 2 tawny spines. Wings white ; veins tawny and clouded, brown and clouded about the discoidal areolet. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with 3 tawny spots on each side ; tip and underside tawny. Legs tawny ; femora black ; tips of the tarsi dark brown. Male. Abdomen covered with silvery down ; a black band round each tibia. Fern. Head with a ferruginous spot in front. Femora partly tawny. South of England ; not common. (E.) 7. connexa, n. s. Nigro-aBnea, capite flavo-viridi nigro-maculato, thoracis abdominisque lateribus scutelli margine postico ventreque flavo- viridibus, alis cinereis ad costam fuscis, pedibus nigris, tibiis tarsisque basijlavis. Long. 4-j ; alar. 8 lin. Allied to S.flavissima, Fb. Dull a3neous-black. Head yellowish- green, shining, black about the ocelli and about the base of the an- tennae, and with a black spot on each side of the crown. Sides of the thorax, hind border, and spines of the scutellum, yellowish-green. Wings grey, brownish towards the fore border, darkest along the costa as far as the stigma. Halteres apple-green. Borders and underside of the abdomen yellowish-green, which colour forms an angle on the hind border of each segment. Legs black ; tibiae and tarsi towards the base and tips of the femora yellow. Very rare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. (E.) 8. ornata, Mg. kl. i. 129. 1 (1804); Ll.j Mq. ; Ztt. Nigra, antennis ferrugineis basi et ad apices nigris, thorace subchalybeo, scu- telli margine postico fulvo, alis albis basi et ad costam subfulvis, ab- domine fulvo-1-maculato subtus viridi, pedibus fulvis ; Mas. femoribus nigris apice fulvis, tibiis nigro-cinctis ; Fcem. capite fulvo-bivittato bi- maculato et unifasciato. Long. 6-7; alar. 10-12 lin. VOL. i. D 18 STRATIOMIDJE. Black. Head clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Proboscis dark brown. Antennae dark ferruginous, black at the base and to- wards the tips. Thorax slightly chalybeous, very thickly clothed with short tawny hairs ; hind border of the scutellum tawny, armed with 2 tawny teeth. Wings white, slightly tawny at the base and along the fore border ; veins tawny. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen with 3 more or less triangular tawny spots on each side ; tip tawny; underside pale green. Legs tawny. Male. Femora black, with tawny tips ; a black band round each tibia. Fern. Head with 2 curved tawny stripes and 2 tawny spots on the crown, and with a tawny or yellow band behind the eyes. Generally distributed. (E.) 9. tigrina, Fb. sp. i. ii. 417. 6 (1781) ; Shr. ; Gm. ; Gf. ; Pz. fn. ! viii. 20 ; Mg. ; LI. ; Mq. — nigrita, Fin. ; Ztt. Cyaneo-nigra, antennis nigris, alis albis basi et ad costam subfuscis, abdomine subtus viridi, pedibus fulvis, femoribus nigris, tibiis nigro-cinctis, tarsis apice nigris. Long. 3|-4i ; alar. 6-8 lin. Bluish-black. Head clothed beneath with pale tawny hairs. Pro- boscis dark brown. Antennae black. Thorax clothed with ferruginous down. Scutellum armed with 2 tawny spines. Wings white, tinged with brown at the base and along the fore border; veins brown. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen green beneath on the disc. Legs tawny ; femora black ; a black band round each tibia ; tips of the tarsi mostly black above. Male. Head clothed in front with black hairs. Eyes hairy. Fern. Eyes bare. Generally distributed. (E.) 10. hydropota, Mg. zw. iii. 147. 16(1822); Mq. ; Ztt. Nigra, capite luteo, antennis ferrugineis aut nigris, scutello fulvo, abdominis late- ribus ventreque mridibus, pedibus fulvis. Long. 4-4-i-; alar. 9—10 lin. Head luteous, shining. Antennae ferruginous or black. Thorax ameous, covered with golden down. Scutellum and its spines tawny. Wings whitish ; veins tawny. Halteres tawny, with apple-green knobs. Abdomen green, with a very broad dorsal black stripe which is contracted on the hind border of each segment. Legs tawny. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 11. hydrodromia, Mg. zw. iii. 146. 15 (1822); Mq. Nigra, alis limpidis ad costam fulvis, abdominis maculis 6 ventreque flams, tibiis piceis basi fulvis, tarsi fulvis apice piceis. Long. 4 ; alar. 9 lin. Black, thickly clothed with tawny down. Wings colourless, tawny along the fore border till near the tips ; veins and halteres tawny. Ab- domen adorned on each side with three somewhat triangular yellow spots, which successively decrease in size from the base ; underside yellow. Ti- biae piceous, tawny towards the base ; tarsi tawny, with piceous tips. Rare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. (E.) OXYCERA. 19 12. hydroleon, L. s. n. ii. 980. 5 (1767); Dg. ; Fb.; Shr. ; Gm. ; Gf. ; Pz. fn. ! viii. 21 ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt.—angulata, Pz. fn. ! viii. 19 ; Mq. Nigra, antennis uigris basi fulvis, scutelli mar- gins postico fulvo, alis limpidis, abdomine fulvo vitta dorsali nigra, pe- dibus fulvis. Long. 5 ; alar. 9£ liri. Scapula in front of the head ferruginous ; sides of the peristoma yellow. Mouth black. Antennae black ; first and second joints tawny. Thorax clothed above with tawny hairs, beneath with white hairs ; spines and hind border of the scutellum tawny. Wings colourless ; veins, alulae and halteres yellow. Abdomen tawny, icith a broad black dorsal stripe which is contracted towards the hind border of each segment, and ends before the tip. Legs tawny. Male. Head black, clothed in front with white hairs. Thorax black. Fern. Head luteous. Thorax aeneous. Very rare. In the British Museum. (E.) 13. viridula, Fb. sp. i. ii. 418. 8 (1781); Shr. ; Gm. ; Pz. fn. ! viii. 18; LI.; Fin.; Mg.; Mq. ; Ztt.-— canina, Pz. ; fn. ! viii. 23. Mg. — marginata, Fb. — dentata, Mg. Nigra, alis albis basi et ad costam sub- fulvis, abdomine viridi nigro-vittato, pedibus fulvis. Long. 2-^—3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. Black, clothed with tawny hairs. Scutellum armed with 2 tawny spines. Wings white, with a slight tawny tinge at the base and along the fore border ; veins tawny. Halteres tawny, with green knobs. Ab- domen green, with a black dorsal stripe which irregularly widens from the base to the tip, and varies in breadth. Legs tawny. Male. Head much larger than that of the female. Fern. Stripe of the abdomen much broader than that of the male, sometimes occupying the whole surface. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 14. subvittata, Mg. zw. ! iii. 150. 19. pi. 26. f. 15 (1822). Nigra, alis albis basi et ad costam subfulvis, abdomine viridi nigro-ma- culato, pedibus fulvis. Long. 3-i- ; alar. 7 lin. Black. Antennae black or ferruginous. Thorax clothed with tawny hairs; spines of the scutellum tawny. Wings white with a slight tawny tinge at the base and along the fore border ; veins tawny. Halteres tawny, with green knobs. Abdomen green, with a narrow, much inter- rupted black stripe which is widened into two short bands towards the tip. Legs tawny. Rare. In the British Museum. (E.) Genus IV. OXYCERA. OXYCERA, Mg. zw. iii. (1822); Mq.; Ct.; Ztt.; Stg.; Lw. Musca p., L.;Spl. ; Dnv. Stratiomys p., Fb. ; Gm. ; Prylsr. ; Pz. ; Fin. D 2 STRATIOMIDJE. Corpus minoris magniturlinis, oblongo-ovatum, tenuissime pubescens, abdomine depresso, rotundato. Color niger ; pictura thoracis vitta- tim, abdominisque fasciatim vel ad latera maculatim, flava vel viridi. Antenna S-articulatce, porrectas; articuli tertio ad sextum flagel- lum fusiforme fingentes ; Septimus brevis ; octavus longm, stylatus. Scutellum bispinosum. Mas. Oculi conjunct!, pubescentes. Fcem. Oculi rernoti, riudi. Body oblong, pubescent, small, black and yellow, or green and black. Head semicircular. Ocelli 3. Proboscis withdrawn. Labrum short, broad, hollow, emarginate at the tip. Palpi short, linear, mem- branous, compressed, thickened, opake and pubescent at the tips. Labium terminating in 2 hairy transversely striated lobes. Antenna %-jointed, porrect, pubescent, somewhat shorter than the head, seated on the middle of the face, approximate at the base; the first and second joints short, bristly, almost cylindrical ; third, fourth, fifth, and sixth joints forming a fusiform nagellum ; seventh short, seated very near the tip of the sixth ; eighth forming a long style. Thorax oval. Scutellum armed with two spines. Wings lanceolate, incumbent, pa- rallel, very finely pubescent. Alulas very small. Halteres uncovered ; club large. Abdomen with five segments, oval, somewhat convex, broader than the thorax. Legs slender, of equal size ; tibiae a little thickened in the middle, forming a slight notch on the inside ; onychia small. Male. Eyes contiguous, hairy, red and composed of large facets above, green and with small facets in front. Fern. Eyes remote, bare. These flies move slowly, and dwell on the leaves of trees and on flowers. 1. rara, Spl. e. c. 333. 912 (1763).— hypoleon,M%. ; Dnv. ;— Stg. pulchella, Mg. ; Mq. ; Stg. ; Lw. ! d. b. 14. 3. f. 5, 6. Nigra, scutello flavo, alis limpidis, abdominis maculis quinque ventreque flavis, pedibus Jlaiis, femoribus nigris ; Mas. antennis fuscis, thorace flavo-bivittato ; Fcem. antennis fulvis, thorace flavo-quadrivittato. Long. 2|-2f ; alar. 5-6 lin. Black. Head and thorax clothed with pale hairs. Proboscis tawny. Thorax with a broad interrupted yellow stripe on each side ; scutellum yellow. Wings colourless. Halteres very pale yellow. Abdomen with 2 yellow converging rays on each side and a yellow spot at the tip ; disc beneath yellow. Legs yellow ; femora and tips of the tarsi black. Generally distributed. (E. I.) 2. Fallen!, Stg. e. z. v. 410. 3 (1844) ; Lw. ! d. b. 13. 2. f. 3, 4. hypoleon, Ztt. ; Dnv.? Gm. ? Nigro flavoque varia, pedibus flavis,fe- moribus anticis basi nigris. Long. 2f ; alar. 6 lin. OXYCERA. 21 Black, varied with yellow. Legs yellow ; fore femora black at the base. Rare. In Mr. Haliday's collection. (I.) 3. dives, Lw. ! d. b. 15. 4. f. 7, 8 (1846).— hypoleon, Shr. ? Nigra, capite flavo-quadrimaculato, thorace interrupte flavo-bivittato, scutello flavo, alis subcinereis ad costam subfulvis, abdomine flavo-quinque- maculato, pedibus nigris, tibiis basi apiceque fulvis, tarsis fuscis ; Mas. thorace interrupte flavo-bivittato; Foem. thorace flavo-quadrivittato. Long. 2f ; alar. 6 lin. Black. Head and thorax clothed with pale hairs. Head with four large yellow spots, one on each side of the crown, and one on each side behind the eyes. Proboscis tawny. Antenna black. Thorax with a much interrupted yellow stripe on each side ; scutellum yellow. Wings pale grey, with a slight tawny tinge along the fore border. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen with 2 nearly round yellow spots on each side and with a transverse yellow spot at the tip. Legs black ; tibia tawny at the base and at the tips ; tarsi dark brown. Fern. Thorax with 2 slightly interrupted yellow stripes in the disc. Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 4. trilineata, L. s. n. ii. 980. 6 (1767) ; Fb. ; Shr. ; Pz. ! fn. i. 13; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin.; Mq. ; Ztt. hypoleon v., L. Viridis, peristomate nigro, antennis fulvis, thoracis disco nigro viridi-bivittato, metathorace nigro, alis albis, abdominis disco nigro viridi-trimaculato lateribus nigro-quinquemaculatis, pedibus fulvis. Long. 2-|— 3 ; alar. 5-6 lin. Green, clothed with short whitish hairs. Head yellowish-green ; peristoma black. Eyes purple and green. Proboscis yellow. Antennae tawny. Disc of the thorax black, with 2 green stripes. Metathorax black. Wings white ; veins pale yellow. Halteres bright green. Disc of the abdomen black, including 3 green spots, emitting 2 narrow black bands on each side, and succeeded by a narrow black band near the tip. Legs tawny. Male. Eyes above coppery, and composed of large facets. Generally distributed. (E. I.) 5. pardalina, Mg. ! zw. iii. 128. 6. pi. 25. f. 30, 31 (1822); Ztt. Nigra, antennis fulvis apice nigris, thoracis vittis maculisque duabus scutelloque flavis, alis limpidis ad costam subfulvis, abdomine flavo- quinquernaculato, pedibus fulvis, tarsis anticis fuscis; Foem. capite flavo-bivittato et sex-maculato, thoracis disco flavo-bivittato. Long. 2£-2| ; alar. 4^-5 lin. Black. Proboscis tawny. Antenna tawny, with black tips. Thorax with a yellow stripe on each side, and with a yellow spot near the base of each wing ; scutellum yellow, armed with 2 tawny teeth. Wings colourless, with a tawny tinge along the fore border ; veins tawny. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with 2 pale yellow spots on each side and one at the tip. Legs tawny ; coxae, fore tarsi, and tips of the other tarsi 22 STRATIOMID^E. brown. Male. Eyes hairy. Fern. Head with 2 yellow stripes ii front, with 4 yellow spots on the crown, and with a yellow spot on each side behind the eyes. Thorax with 2 yellow stripes on the disc. Not rare. (E. I.) * 6. formosa, Wdn. ; Mg. zw. iii. 127. 5 (1822); Mq. Nigra, tJwracis lateribus interrupts flavo-vittatis, scutello flavo, alis limpi- dis, abdominis apice pedibusque flavis ; Mas. abdominis maculis utrin- que duabus connexis flavis ; Foem. capitis vittis duabus fasciaque inter- rupta flavis, abdominis maculis utrinque tribus connexis flavis, ventre pleramque flavo. Long, li; alar. 3^- lin. Black. Head and thorax clothed with short whitish hairs. Pro- boscis yellow. Thorax with a broad interrupted yellow stripe on each side ; scutellum yellow. Wings colourless ; veins pale buff. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with a yellow spot at the tip. Legs yellow. Male. Abdomen with two yellow connected spots on each side. Fern. Head with a yellow stripe on each side of the crown, and with an interrupted yellow band behind the eyes. Thorax with 2 slender yellow stripes on the disc. Abdomen with 3 yellow connected spots on each side ; underside mostly yellow. Not rare. (E. I.) 7. muscaria, Fb. e. s. iv. 268. 21 (1794); Pz. ! Mg. ; Mq.- pygmcea, Fin. ; Mg. ; Ztt. — affinis, Dale ; Ct. Nigra, thoraceflavo-bivit- tato, alis limpidis, abdomine flavo-quinquemaculato, ventre plerumque flavo, pedibus fulvis, tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris, tibiis anterio- ribus nigro-cinctis, tarsis nigris posterioribus basi flavis ; Foem. capitis vittis duabus fasciaque interrupta flavis. Long, li ; alar. 3 lin. Black. Head covered in front with silvery down. Proboscis yellow. Thorax with a yellow stripe on each side. Scutellum yellow, sometimes partly or wholly black. Wings colourless ; veins pale tawny. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen with 2 connected yellow spots on each side., and 1 at the tip ; underside mostly yellow. Legs tawny ; femora and hind tibise black ; a black band on each of the anterior tibia3 ; tarsi black ; posterior tarsi yellow towards the base. Fern. Head with two yellow stripes on the crown, and with a yellow interrupted band behind the eyes. Not rare. (E. I.) 8. Morrisii, Ct. ! b. e. x. (1833). Nigra, thorace interrupte albido- bivittato, scutelli apice ockraceo, abdomine flavo-quinquemaculato, pe- dibus flavis, tibiis posticis femoribusque plerumque nigris, tarsis nigris posterioribus basi albidis. Long. 2-^ ; alar. 5 lin. Black, shining, thickly and minutely punctured, covered with very short grey down. Proboscis ochreous. Thorax with a whitish stripe on each side, forming a minute spot in front, a larger spot before the base of each wing, and a third spot behind it. Hind border and spines of the scutellum ochreous. Wings colourless ; stigma yellowish-brown ; veins brown along the costa. Halteres white. Abdomen with an oblique CLITELLARIA. 23 yellow spot on each side of the third and fourth segments, and with a triangular yellow spot at the tip. Legs yellow ; femora black, yellow at each end ; hind tibiae black, yellow at the base ; tarsi black ; pos- terior tarsi whitish at the base. Bare. (E. I.) In Mr. Curtis's and Mr. Dale's collections. 9. terminata, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. iii. 130. 9 (1822). Nigra, tho- race flavo-bivittato, scutello flavo, alis limpidis, abdominis vittis duabus poster ioribusflavis, tarsis posticis basi femoribusque fulvis ; Fcem. capite vittis 2 maculisque 4 flavis. Long. 2£ ; alar. 5 lin. Black. Head and thorax clothed with a few short whitish hairs. Proboscis tawny. Thorax with a yellow curved stripe on each side ; scutellum yellow. Wings colourless ; veins tawny. Halteres pale yellow. Abdomen with a narrow yellow border from the middle to the tip. Femora tawny ; hind tarsi tawny towards the base. Jem. Head with a short yellow stripe on each side of the antennas, and with 4 yellow spots behind the eyes. Eare. In Mr. Curtis' s collection. (E.) 10. analis, Mgrle.; Mg. zw. iii. 130. 10 (1822). Nigra, thorace ad alas fulvo, alis subcinereis fusco unimaculatis, abdominis apice Jlavo, pedibus flavis, tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Black. Head and thorax thickly clothed with short hoary hairs. Eyes hairy. Proboscis tawny. Thorax dark tawny at the base of each winy ; spines of the scutellum yellow. Wings very slightly tinged with grey ; a broicn spot on each beneath the stigma ; veins tawny. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with a yellow tip. Legs yellow ; femora and hind tibias black ; tarsi tawny towards the tips. Eare. In Mr. Curtis' s collections. (E.) 11. longicornis, (Hal. MSS.) Atra, nitens, antennis capite longio- ribus ; thoracis vittis duabus lateralibus scutelloque flavis, alis limpidis, pedibus piceis, tibiis basi femoribusque fulvis. Long. 1£; alar. 3^- lin. Black, shining. Antennas longer than the head. Thorax with a yellow stripe on each side ; scutellum yellow. Wings colourless. Hal- teres yellow. Legs tawny ; tibiae and tarsi piceous, the former tawny towards the base. Eare; inhabits Dorsetshire. In Mr. Dale's collection. (E.) Genus V. CLITELLARIA. CLITELLARIA, Mg. zw. iii. 119 (1822). Muscap., Sch. ; Hbst. ; Shr.; Gm. ; Gf. Stratiomysip., Fb. ; Shr. ; Pz. Ephippiumi'L\.; Mq. Corpus oblongo-ovatum. Antenna 9-articulata3 ; articuli primus et se- cundus asquales; tertius et sequentes ad septimum flagellum obclavatum 24 STKATTOMIDuE. fingentes ; octaviis brevis ; nonus stylatus. Alarum vense longitu- dinales usque ad alse marginem summum descendentes. Mas. Oculi approximati. Fcem. Oculi remoti. Body nearly oval, generally rather large, mostly black. Head almost semicircular. Proboscis withdrawn. Labrum short, flat. Palpi tri- articulate, clavate, hairy. Labium short, thick, cylindrical. Antennae ^-jointed, porrect, almost as long as the head, approximate at the base, diverging upwards ; first and second joints bristly ; first short, almost cylindrical, somewhat thicker at the tip ; second cyathiform, as long as the first ; third and following a long obclavate flagellum ; eighth short ; ninth long, stylate. Thorax almost oval ; scutellum semicircular, armed with spines. Wings lanceolate, incumbent, parallel, finely pubescent. Alulae very small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen oval, with five segments, slightly convex. Male. Eyes contiguous. Fern. Eyes remote. These flies are rare ; they dwell on the trunks of trees ; their larvae live on decayed wood. 1. ephippium, Eb. sp. i. 417. 2 (1781); Sch. ; Hbst. ; Shr.; Gm. ; Gfr.; Pz. ! fn. viii. 23; Mg. — Inda, Shr. — thoracicum, LI. ; Mq. Atra, thoracis disco ferrugineo-hirto, alis nigricantibus, halteribus flavis. Long. 5J; alar. 12 lin. Deep black. Body clothed with short black hairs. Head clothed above with dull tawny hairs. Thorax thickly clothed with bright fer- ruginous hairs. Wings blackish, palest along the hind borders. Hal- teres bright yellow. Yery rare ; has been found in Coombe wood, Surrey, and in Darenth wood, Kent. In the British Museum, and in Mr. Des- vignes's collection. (E.) Genus VI. NEMOTELUS. NEMOTELUS, Gfr. ins. ii. (1784); Eb. ; Mg. ; Pz. ; LI.; Fin.; Mq. ; Ct. ; Ztt. Musca p.,L. ; Gm. Stratiomys p., Eb.; Shr. Corpus oblongum, minoris magnitudinis, tenuiter pubescens, nitidum. Color niger ; pictura albo fasciata vel punctata. Epistoma porrectum, conicum. Oculi nudi. AntennaB 8 -articulate, porrectaB ; articuli tertius et sequentes flagellum fusiforme fingentes ; septimus brevis ; octavus stylatus. Scutellum inerme. Alarum areola discoidalis venas 4 emittens, fere in marginem interiorem summum descendentes. Body shining, oblong, rather small, finely pubescent. Colour black, often with white bands or spots. Head as broad as the thorax or nearly so. Epistoma porrect, conical. Eyes bare. Proboscis withdrawn. NEMOTELUS. 25 Labrum horny, stout, small, hollow, acute. Labium long, slender, geniculated near the base, terminating in 2 very long lobes with niem- branaceous and slightly bristly edges. Antennae 8-jointed, porrect, con- tiguous, seated close to the tip of the epistoma, diverging, shorter than the head, clothed with very short hairs ; first and second joints bristly, cylindrical or somewhat clavate ; second longer than the first ; third and following joints forming a fusiform flagellurn ; seventh short ; eighth stylate. Thorax almost quadrangular, very slightly convex. Scutellum semicircular, unarmed. Wings lanceolate, incumbent, parallel, not pubescent. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 5 segments, short, elliptical, flat or but slightly convex, incurved at the tip, broader than the thorax. Legs slender ; ungues short and stout. Male. Eyes approximate, red and composed of large facets above, green and of small facets in front. Fern. Eyes remote, of small facets. Epistoma longer than that of the male. These flies are slow in their movements ; they inhabit flowers or rushes and grasses on marshy ground during the spring and the summer. 1. uliginosus, L. s. n. 11. 982. 22 (1767); Fb. ; Mg.; Fin.; Mq. ; Ztt. — muticus}~¥\). — bifasciatus, Mg. ; Ztt. Niger, thorace albo- bivittato, alis albis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris ; Mas. capite flavo unimaculato, abdomine albo ad apicem nigro-bi- fasciato subtus nigro-marginato ; Fcem. abdomine albo-marginato maculis albis vittato. Long. 2 ; alar. 4 lin. Black ; a while irregular stripe along each side of the thorax. Wings white ; veins pale tawny. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny ; femora black, with tawny tips ; hind tibiae black, tawny at the base and at the tips. Male. Head with a triangular yellow spot above the antennae. Abdo- men, white ; 2 black bands near the tip ; underside, excepting the disc, black. Fern. Abdomen black above ; border white ; a row of white spots along the back ; sometimes a row of short white bands along each side. Generally distributed. Common in salt marshes by the sea- shore. (E. S. I.) 2. pantherinus, L. fn. 1783 (1761); Gm. ; Mg. ! zw. iii. 115. 2. pi. 25. f. 20; Mq. ; Ztt. — marginatus, Fb. ; Pz. ! LI. ; Fin. — uliginosus, Mg. ; LI. ; Pz. ! — muticus, Shr. — marginellus, Gm. ; Fin. Niger, alis albis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis posticis femoribusque nigris; Mas. ca- pite flavo-unimaculato, abdomine albo ad apicem nigro-maculato subtus nigro-marginato ; Fcem. abdomine supra nigro albo-marginato maculis albis vittato. Long. If ; alar. 3£ lin. Very nearly allied to N". uliginosus. Black. Wings white ; veins pale tawny. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny ; thighs black, with tawny tips ; hind tibise black, tawny at the base and at the tips. Male. Head with VOL. I. E 26 STRATIOMIDJE. a triangular yellow spot above the antennae. Abdomen white, with a black spot near the tip ; underside black, excepting the disc. Fern. Abdomen black above ; border white ; a row of white spots along the back, and sometimes a row of short white bands along each side. Not very common. 3. brevirostris, Mgrle.; Mg. zw. iii. 117. 6 (1822); Mq. Cy- aneo-niger, antennis nigris, thorace albo-bivittato, alis albis, abdomine maculis fulvis trivittato, pedibus fulvis, femoribus nigris, tibiis nigro- cinctis. Long. 2-1 ; alar. 4 lin. Bluish-black. Proboscis and antennae black. Thorax with a white irregular stripe along each side. Wings white ; veins pale tawny. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with 3 rows of tawny spots, which are con- nected along each side. Legs tawny ; femora black, with tawny tips ; a black band on each hind tibia. Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 4. nigrinus, Fin. str. 6. 3 (1814); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ct. ! b. e. 729; Ztt. — nigritus, Pz. ! fn. cvii. 17. Niger, alis albis, tibiis tarsisque basi fulvis. Long. 1£ ; alar. 3 lin. Black. Wings white ; veins pale tawny. Halteres yellow. Tibiae and tarsi tawny towards the base. Generally distributed, but not common. (E. I.) Genus VII. PACHYGASTER. PACHYGASTER, Mg. kl. i. 146 (1804) ; Mq. ; Ct.; Duf.; Ztt. Fappo, LI. ; Fb. Nemotelus p., Pz. Sargus p., Mn. Corpus parvum, ovatum, glabriusculum, punctulatum. Color niger, absque pictura. Epistoma declive. Antennae 7-articulatae, clavatae ; articuli tertius et sequentes flagellum globosum fingentes ; octavus setiformis, subterminalis. Scutellum inerme. Alarum areola dis- coidalis venas 3 obsoletissimas fere usque in marginem interiorem descendentes emittens. Body small, oval, wholly black, shining, almost bare. Epistoma perpendicular. Eyes dark green. Proboscis withdrawn, shorter than the head. Labrum small, robust, cylindrical, hollow beneath, dilated at the base, obtuse and notched at the tip. Tongue acute, attenuated from the base, half the length of the labrum. Maxillae filiform, long, slender, acute, as long as the labnim. Palpi very minute, oblong, cylindrical, subclavate, slightly pilose, diverging. Labium large, oval. Antenna B-jointeS, hairy, porrect, approximate at the' base, seated rather low on the head, not far from the peristoma, diverging upwards ; first and second joints very short ; first almost cylindrical ; second cya- CHRYSOMYIA. 27 thiform, broader than the first; third and following much broader than the second, forming a globose somewhat compressed flagellum; seventh extremely minute ; eighth setiform, rather hairy at the base, seated near the tip of the flagellum. Thorax obovate, rather long, with a transverse suture. Scutellum unarmed. Wings long, lanceolate, finely pubescent, incumbent, parallel ; veins indistinct. Alula? small. Halteres large, ovate. Abdomen with 5 segments, large, nearly glo- bular, bare, convex above, flat beneath, broader than the thorax. Legs slender. Male. Eyes contiguous. Fern. Eyes remote. Ocelli more in front of the head than those of the male. These flies move slowly, and inhabit flowers, hedges, and thickets, in the summer ; their larvae feed on decayed wood ; one species on that of the elm. 1. ater, Fb. s. a. 254. 1 (1805); LI.; Pz. ! fn. iv. 5; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. — pachygaster, Fin. Niger, alls albidis basi nigris, pedibus flavis, femoribus nigris ; Mas. antermis nigris ; Fcem. antennis fulvis. Long. 1-i ; alar. 3 hn. Black, shining. Proboscis tawny. Wings whitish, tinged with black for half the length from the base ; veins pale yellow. Halteres dark brown. Legs yellow ; femora black. Male. Antennae black. Fern. Antennas ta \vriy. Eare. (E.) 2. Leachii, Ct. ! b. e. 1. 42 (lSU).—pallipennis, Mq.; Ztt. Ni- ger, antennis fulvis, alls albis, pedibus flavis, tibiis posticis apice fusco- maculatis. Long. 1^ ; alar. 3 Jin. Black, shining. Proboscis and antenna? tawny. Wings white ; veins and halteres pale yellow. Legs yellow ; a brown spot near the tip of each hind tibia. Eare. (E. I.) Genus VIII. CHRYSOMYIA. CHRYSOMYIA, Mq. d. 1. 262 (1834); Ztt. Musca p., Fb.; Shr. Ne- motelus p., Deg. Rhagio p., Shr. Sargus p., Fb. ; Mg. ; Fin. ; Ct. Chloromyia, Den. Corpus mediae aut minoris magnitudinis, oblongum, parum pubescens. Color metallicus, aureo-viridis. Pictura nulla. Epistoma declive. Ocelli in vertice approximati. Antennae G-articulatee ; articuli tertius et sequentes flagellum ellipticum fingentes ; sextus setiformis, termi- nalis. Scutellum inerme. Alarum areola discoidalis venas 4 obso- letas emittens, vix in summum marginem interiorem extensas. Ab- domen ovale. Mas. Oculi contigui. Foem. Oculi remoti. 28 STRATIOMIDJE. Body of middle or small size, oblong, smooth, shining, slightly pubescent, wholly metallic, bluish or golden green. Head semicircular, sometimes rather depressed in front. Epistoma perpendicular. Eyes large, green, often with purple bands. Ocelli 3, close together on the crown. Proboscis concealed. Labrum very short, flat, hollow, rounded and emarginate at the tip. Palpi 3 -jointed, diverging ; first and second joints cylindrical, short; second thicker and shorter than the first; third oval, pubescent. Labium large, cylindrical, short. Antennae 6-jointed, porrect, short, pilose, seated on the middle of the head in front, approximate at the base, inclined upwards, diverging towards the tips; first joint almost cylindrical; second cyathiform, bristly, somewhat compressed, thicker than the first ; third and three following forming an elliptical flagellum; sixth setiform, seated on the tip of the fifth. Thorax oval, pubescent ; scutellum semicircular, unarmed. Wings lanceolate, pubescent, incumbent, parallel. Alulae none. Hal- teres uncovered. Abdomen with 5 segments, flat, rather short and broad. Legs slender; metatarsus almost as long as the other 4 joints. Male. Eyes contiguous. Fern. Eyes remote. The Chrysomyia are sluggish ; inhabit flowers and the leaves of trees ; the larvae of the second division feed on decaying vege- table matter, and the flies are not uncommon about hot-beds. a. Body of middle size. Eyes hairy in both sexes. Species 1. a a. Body small. Eyes bare in both sexes. Abdomen nearly round. Male. Eyes reddish-cupreous and composed of large facets above, reneous and with small facets in front. Fern. Eyes wholly aeneous and composed of small facets. Species 2-4. 1. formosa, Shr. ia. 899 (1781); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. — cupraria, Spl. ? (\l^^).—Jlavo-geniculata,T>g. — aurata, Fb. ; Mg. — xanthoptera, Mg. ; Fb. ; Latr. ; Fin. Cyaneo-viridis, capite antennisque nigris, alis fulvis, pedibus nigris, femoribus apice tibiisque basi fulvis. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. Head black. Eyes golden-green ; upper part purple, between which colour and the green there is a narrow blue and purple band. Pro- boscis and antennas black. Thorax bright bluish-green. Wings tawny; veins darker. Halteres luteous. Legs black; tips of the femora and tibiae towards the base tawny. Male. Body thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Eyes thickly clothed with short black hairs. Ab- domen golden-green, dark green beneath. Fern. Less hairy than the male. Abdomen purple, blue along each side; rarely bluish-green, seneous-green along each side. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 2. polita, L. s. n. ii. 894. 93 (1767); Fb.; Mg. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt.- anrata, Deg. — splendens, Mg. — cyanm> Fb. JEneo-viridis vel cyaneo- CHRYSOMYIA. 29 viridis, antennis nigris, alis limpidis, pedibus nigris, genubus tarsisque fulvis, tibiis tarsisque anticis subfuscis ; Mas. proboscide fulvo ; Fcem. proboscide fusco. Long, lf-2 ; alar. 4-4£ lin. Body bright coppery-green or bluish-green, clothed with very short whitish hairs. Eyes green, here and there reddish-purple. Antenna black. Wings colourless, sometimes pale brown along the fore border ; veins pale brown. Halteres yellow or tawny. Abdomen sometimes purple. Legs black ; knees and tarsi tawny ; fore tibiae tawny ; fore tarsi pale brown. Male. Proboscis tawny. Fern. Proboscis brown. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 3. pallipes, Mg. zw. vi. 311. 31 (1830); Zti.—politus var., Pin. Viridis, antennis fuscis basi fulvis, thoracis lateribus flavo-vittatis, alis limpidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posterioribus nigris, tibiis posticis apice fuscis. Long, l-^-lf ; alar. 3^-4 lin. Bright green, sometimes coppery or bluish-green. Proboscis tawny. Antennae brown ; first and second joints tawny. Thorax with a yellow stripe along each side. Wings colourless; veins pale tawny. Hal- teres yellow or tawny. Legs tawny ; posterior femora mostly black or greenish-black ; hind tibiae brown towards the tips. Generally distributed. (E. S.) 4. flavicornis, Mg. zw. iii. 112. 10 (1822); Mq.— -polita v., Ztt.— pallipes v., Ztt. Viridis, antennis fulvis, thoracis lateribus flavo-vittatis, alis limpidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posterioribus nigris, tibiis posticis apice fusco-cinctis. Long, l^-l-g- ; alar. 3-3^ lin. Bright green or bluish-green. Proboscis and antennae tawny. Thorax with a yelloio stripe along each side. Wings colourless, some- times pale tawny along the fore border ; vein pale tawny. Halteres yellow or tawny. Abdomen sometimes bright cupreous or cupreous- black. Legs tawny ; posterior femora more or less black ; hind tibiae most frequently with a brown band near each tip. Generally distributed. (E. S.) 5. cyaneiventris, Ztt. d. s. i. 156. 4 (1842). Aureo- viridis, antennis halteribus pedibusque fiavis, abdomine violaceo, femoribus pos- terioribus late nigro-cinctis ; Fcem. fronte violacea. Long. 1£ ; alar. 3 lin. Golden-green. Antenna? and halteres yellow. Abdomen violet. Legs yellow ; a broad black band on each of the posterior femora. Jem. Front violet. Bare. In Mr. Halida/s collection. (I.) 30 STRATIOMID/E. Genus IX. SARGUS. SARGUS, Fb. ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Musca p., L. ; Spl. ; Fb. ; Gm. ; Gf. ; Shr. Nemotelm p., Deg. RJiagio p., Shr. Corpus elongatum, mediae magnitudinis, sublineare, abdomine basi sensim angustato, tenuiter pubescens, nitidum, subdepressum. Color metallicus, virescens, aureo-splendidus ; pictura nulla. Epistoma declive. Oculi nudi, remoti, senei. Antenna ft-articulatce ; arti- culi tertius et sequentes flagellum fingentes suborbiculare ; sextus setiformis, subterminalis. Scutellum inerme. Areola discoidalis yenas 4 distinctiores emittens, fere usque in summum marginem interiorem extensas. Mas. Oculi magis approximate Abdomen angustatum ; anus truncatus. Foem. Oculi magis disjunct!. Abdomen paullo latius ; anus obtuse rotundatus. Body of moderate size, long, narrow, smooth, shining, nearly linear, metallic, somewhat depressed. Head semicircular. Epistoma declining. Eyes large, green, often with purple bands, parted. Proboscis con- cealed. Labium very short, flat, hollow, rounded and emarginate at the tip. Maxillae subulate, as long as the labrum. Labium short, large, cyjjjn^ical. Antenna ^-jointed, porrect, short, pilose, seated on the middle of the front^ approximate at the base, inclined upwards, diverging towards the tips ; first joint almost cylindrical ; second cyathiform, bristly, some- what compressed, thicker than the first ; third, fourth, and fifth forming an almost round flagellum ; sixth setiform, seated near the tip of the fifth. Thorax oval, pubescent. Scutellum semicircular, unarmed. Wings lanceolate, pubescent, incumbent, parallel. Alulae none. Halteres un- covered. Abdomen with 7 segments, flat. Legs slender ; metatarsus almost as long as the other four joints. These flies are remarkable for the brilliancy of their colours and the elegance of their shape ; they inhabit flowers, leaves of trees, hedges, and bushes, from the spring to the autumn, arid are partial to honey-dew ; they are indolent, and their flight is slow, and they quickly return to the spot whence they took wing. a. Ocelli seated on the front ; the fore one remote from the two hinder. Species 1-4. a a. Ocelli seated on the vertex ; equally apart from each other. Species 5. 1. cuprarius, L.? s. n. ii. 994. 92 (1767); Dg.; Fb.; Shr.; Fb. ; Mg. ; Latr. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt.— violaceus, Spl. 840. 915 (1763).— cupreus, Gf. — politus ? Shr. Cupreo-viridis, antennis nigris, alis sub- dnereis fusco-semifasciatis, pedibus nigris, tar sis posterioribus tibiisque basi femoribusyue apice fulvis ; Mas. capite fulvo-bimaculato, abdomine SARGUS. 31 eeneo-viridi apice purpureo ; Item, capite albo-bimaculato, abdomine cyaneo-purpureo basi cupreo. Long. 4-4-1- ; alar. 8-9 lin. Body bright green, tinged here and there with cupreous, clothed with pale tawny hairs. Head clothed in front with black hairs. Pro- boscis tawny. Antennae black. Wings pale grey ; stigma dark brown ; beneath it a large irregular brown spot extends half across tlie wing \ veins black. Halteres tawny. Legs black ; tips of the femora, tibia, and hinder tarsi at the base tawny. Male. Head with a dull tawny spot on each side between the eyes above the antennae. Abdomen aeneous-green, bright cupreous towards the tip, which is purple. Jem. Head with a white spot on each side. Abdomen bluish-purple, cu- preous towards the base. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 2. nubeculosus, Ztt. d. s. i. 157. 2 (1842). Cupreo-viridis, an- tennis nigris, alis subcinereis fusco-semifasciatis, abdomine cupreo-pur- pureo lateribus cyaneo-purpureo, pedibus nigris, genubus fulvis. Long. 2f ; alar. 5 J lin. Bright green with a cupreous tinge here and there, clothed with pale tawny hairs. Eyes green, with purple bands. Proboscis tawny. An- tennae black. Wings pale grey ; stigma dark brown, beneath it a large irregular brown spot extends half across the wing ; veins black. Halteres yellow. Abdomen cupreous-black, bluish-purple along each side. Legs black ; knees dark tawny. Generally distributed. Perhaps a variety of S. cuprarim. (E. I.) 3. iridatus, Spl. i. c. 340. 914 (1763). — cuprarius, L. (in Linn. Coll.). — infuscatus, Hms. ; Mg. zw. iii. 107. 3 ; Ztt. — auratus, Mg. Cyaneo-viridis, capite albo-bimaculato, antennis nigris, alis cinereis, pedibus nigris, genubus fulvis ; Mas. abdomine cupreo- basi aeneo-viridi ; Fcem. abdomine purpureo basi aeneo. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 8-10 lin. Body bright bluish-green, clothed with pale tawny hairs. Head with a white spot on each side above the antennae, clothed in front with black hairs. Eyes green, with a purple band. Proboscis tawny. Antennae black. Things grey ; veins black. Halteres tawny. Legs black ; knees tawny. Male. Abdomen aeneous, green or aeneous-green at the base, cupreous towards the tip. Fern. Abdomen purple, aeneous at the base. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 4. flavipes, Fin. d. s. sppl. 9. 2-3 (1826); Ztt. Aureo-viridis, capite albo-bimaculato, antennis nigris, alis fusco-cinereis ; Mas. abdo- minis apice cupreo, pedibus nigris, tarsis posterioribus tibiisque basi fulvis ; Fosm. capite nigro, verticis carina purpurea, abdomine cupreo ad apicem cyaneo-purpureo, pedibus fulvis, tibiis anticis fusco-cinctis. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 lin. Body golden-green. Head clothed in front with black hairs; a 32 XYLOPHAGIDJ5. white spot on each side above the antennae. Eyes without bands. Proboscis tawny. Antennae black. Wings brownish-grey ; stigma darker ; veins black. Halteres tawny. Male. Body clothed with pale tawny hairs. Abdomen cupreous towards the tip. Legs black ; tibiae and hinder tarsi tawny towards the base. Fern. Body clothed with whitish hairs. Head black ; a purple ridge on the crown. Abdomen cupreous, purple towards the tip, which is tinged with blue. Legs tawny ; a black band on each femur ; tips of the tarsi black. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 5. bipunctata, Spl.i. c. 341. 916 (ll§Z).—Reaumuri, Fb.; Mg.; Mq.; Ct. ! b. e. 305 ; Ztt. Antennis nigris, alis cinereo-fulvis, pedibus fulvis ; Mas. cyaneo-viridis, thorace cupreo-quadrivittato, abdomine seneo ; Fcem. viridis vel cupreo-viridis, abdomine purpureo-cyaneo basi rufo-fulvo. Long. 4-6 ; alar. 9-13 lin. Head with a shining white spot on each side above the antennae. Eyes bronzed. Proboscis tawny. Antennas black. Wings pale greyish tawny ; stigma pale brown ; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres tawny. Legs tawny ; tips of the tarsi brown. Male. Body clothed with tawny hairs. Head bright bluish-green, clothed in front with black hairs. Thorax bright green, with 4 cupreous stripes ; hind part bluish-green. Abdomen aeneous. Fern. Head clothed in front with tawny hairs. Thorax bright green or cupreous-green. Abdomen blue, with a purple stripe ; first and second segments reddish-tawny, with a purple stripe. Local. (E.S.I.) FAMILY II. X YLOP XYLOPHAGII p., Mg. zw. ii. 1 (1820); LI. ; Fin.; Ztt. Stratio- mydae p., Lm. Xylophagidce p. et Xylophaga p., Bms. Xylopha- gites p., Nwm. Stratiomina p., Edn. Xylophagei p., Ags. Corpus medium, angustum. Ocelli 3. Proboscis retracta, setis quatuor. Antenna IQ-articulatte, porrectae, basi approximates, apice acutae ; articuli tertio ad decimum subaequales, flagellum cylindricum fingentes stylo terminali nullo. Scutellum muticum. Alae incumbentes. Ab- domen segmentis 7. Pedes simplices, nudi. Mas. Oculi cohaerentes, aut approximate Fcem. Oculi remoti. Segmenta analia vaginata. Body of middle size or rather small, narrow, cylindrical. Ocelli 3. Proboscis withdrawn. Antennae 10-jointed, inserted in the middle of the face, porrect, approximate at the base, with acute tips ; joints from the third to the tenth compact, nearly equal, forming a cylin- drical flagellum without a terminal style. Scutellum unarmed. Wings XYLOPHAGUS. 33 incumbent, parallel. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments. Legs simple, bare. Male. Eyes almost contiguous. Fern. Eyes remote. Anal segments tubular. The species are few, and of rare occurrence. The larvse live in decayed wood. The flies appear in the summer, and rest on the trunks of trees, and are sluggish except in fine calm weather. f longer than the second : Palpi clavate .... 1. XYLOPHAGUS. First joint of j the Antennae \ (_as long as the second : Palpi cylindrical ... 2. SUBULA. Genus I. XYLOPHAGUS. XYLOPHAGUS, Mq. i. 229 (1834). Asilus p., Sib. Empis p., Pz. RJiagio p., Pz. Xylophagm p., Mg. ; Fb. ; LI. ; Ztt. Palpi biarticulati, clavati. Antennae subfiliformes ; articulus primus secundo longior. Alarum venae 4 longitud males, praeter areolam analem acutam in marginem interiorem alae descendentes. Tibiae apice spinosae. Body narrow, cylindrical, thinly clothed with short hairs. Colour black, often partly red or yellow. Head depressed. Eyes prominent. Labrum short, thick, with an obtuse tip, shorter than the labium. Palpi biarticulate, clavate, longer than the labium, curved upward; first joint very small ; second large, oval, pubescent. Labium short, cylindrical. Antennae subfiliform, 10-jointed, porrect, approximate, diverging; first joint longer than the second, cylindrical; second cyathiform, short ; third and following joints forming a long almost cylindrical flagellum. Scutellum semicircular. Alulae entire, very small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen rather long. Tibiae armed with spines at the tips. Male. Abdomen cylindrical. Fern. Abdomen obconical, with a tubular-jointed oviduct. 1. ater, Fb. s. a. 64. 1 (1805); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt.—su&ulata, Pz. ! fn. L. iv. 23. Niger, thorace cinereo-trivittato, alis fusco-fasciatis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus posticis apice tibiis tarsisque fuscis. Long, lin. 6 ; alar. 10 lin. Black, shining. First joint of the palpi yellow. Antennas a little shorter than the thorax. Thorax with three grey stripes. An indis- tinct brown band across each wing. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny ; hind tibias, hind tarsi, and tips of the hind femora brown. Very rare. In Mr. E. Brown's Collection. (E.) VOL. i. F 34 XYLOPHAGID^. Genus II. SUBULA. SUBULA, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. 12. 15 (1820); Mq. Nemotelm p. Xylophagus p., Mg. ; Fb. ; LI. ; Ztt. Corpus angustum. Color niger ; picture saepe rufa vel flava. Palpi biarticulati ; articulus secundus longus, cylindricus. Antennae subfili- formes ; articuli primus et secundus cequales ; flagellum longum, sub- cylindricum. Alae areola analis clausa, retracta. Body narrow, cylindrical, thinly clothed with short hairs. Colour black, often partly red or yellow. Labrum short, thick, with an obtuse tip, shorter than the labium. Palpi biarticulate, longer than the labium, curved upward ; first joint slender ; second long, cylindrical, as if annu- lated. Labium short, cylindrical. Antennae porrect, approximate at the base, diverging ; first and second joints of equal length ; second cyathi- form ; third and following forming an almost cylindrical flagellum. Scu- tellum semicircular. Wings finely pubescent. Alulae entire, very small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen rather long. Tibiae armed with spurs. Male. Eyes approximate, but not contiguous. Abdomen cylindrical. Fern. Eyes remote. Abdomen obconical, with a tubular-jointed oviduct. 1. maculata, Fb. s. a. 65. 3 (1805); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt.; Steph. ! b. e. pi. 46. fig. 3. Nigra, antennis ferrugineis basi piceis, thoracis latenbus Jlavo-vittatis et quadrimaculatis, scutello flavo, alis sublimpidis, abdominis basi maculis duabus et segmentorum marginibus posticis flavis, pedibus Jlavis nigro-cinctis. Long. 4-^-; alar. 10 lin. Cylindrical, black, shining. Head clothed above with tawny down, and in front with hoary down ; a scapula above the antennae. Eyes large, prominent. Mouth- luteous. Antennae ferruginous ; first joint pitchy. Thorax with two yellow spots on each side ; the second pair forming an interrupted band ; a yellow scapula on each shoulder, forming a ridge, which widens towards the base of the wing; a yellow spot beneath the latter on each side. Scutellum yellow. Wings almost colourless. Halteres luteous. Abdomen with the hind borders of the segments and a large spot on each side of the base yellow. Legs yellow ; tips of the femora, of the tibiae, and of the tarsi, and the whole of the fore tarsi, black ; metatarsus very long. This species resembles the Ctenophorce in colour, and the Xylophagidce seem to connect the Brachycera with the Nemocera. Very rare; inhabits the New Forest, Hampshire. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 2. varia, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. ii. 14. 5 (1820) ; Mq. Nigra, tho- racis lateribus scutelloque fulvis, alis subcinereis, ventris segmentorum marginibus posticis pedibusque fulvis. Long. 3-4 ; alar. 6-8 liii. Black. Body slender, thinly clothed with tawny hairs. Antennae! slender, much more than half the length of the thorax. Thorax with TABANUS. 35 a tawny scapula along each side, widening from the shoulder to the base of the wing. Scutellum tawny. Wings pale grey. Halteres luteous. Hind borders of the abdominal segments tawny beneath. Legs tawny. Very rare. In the British Museum. The larva feeds on the wood of the oak. (E.) FAMILY III. TABANID^. :, Lch. ; Ct. ; Wtw. Tabanii, LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ags. Tabanii p., LI. h. n. ; Lm. Anthracina p., Rfnq. Sclerostoma p., Dmr. Tabanica, Brm. Tabinites, Nwm. Tabanince, Kdn. Os maris setis 4, feminse setis 6, armatum. Antenna? porrectse, approximate ; tertius et sequentes flagellum compactum nngentes. Alae incumbentes, deflexre. Structure robust, much developed. Body rather broad, of large or middle size. Head semicircular, generally somewhat depressed. Eyes large, generally golden-green, of various shades, often with purple or brown bands. Mouth projecting. Palpi porrect, inserted at the base of the maxillae. Antennas porrect, inserted in front of the face, approximate at the base, with 6, 8, or 10 joints ; third and following joints forming a compact flagellum, whose tip is not setiform. Wings incumbent, deflexed. Alulaa large, half-covering the halteres. Abdo- men with seven segments. Legs stout ; hind legs longer than the anterior ; tips of middle tibiaB armed with two spines. Male. Eyes contiguous. Mouth without mandibles. Palpi hori- zontal, with obtuse tips. Abdomen obconical, much narrower towards the tip. Jem. Eyes remote. Mouth armed with mandibles. Palpi de- flexed, acute. Abdomen broad, depressed, hardly narrower towards the tip. These flies appear in summer, chiefly abound in woods, and are most frequent in the hottest weather. Their flight is power- ful; the males frequent flowers; the females with their sharp mouths pierce the skins and feed on the blood of quadrupeds. The larva is apod, long, cylindrical, grey, with twelve seg- ments ; it lives in the earth, and feeds on decaying vegetable and animal matter. Ocelli {7-jointed 1. TABANUS. 6-jointed 2. H^MATOPOTA. three . 3. CHRrsors. 36 TABANID^. Genus I. TABANXJS. TABANUS, Fin. d. s. (1817) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ct. ; Zll. Tabanus p., L.; Fb.; LL; Wd. Corpus magnum, oblongum, pubescens. Color niger, pubescentise cinerascens aut subflavescens, raro obscurus. Ocelli nulli. Palpi maris capitati, foeminae subulati. Antennae 7 -articulate, subretusae : articulus primus cylindricus, subclavatus, apice truncatus ; secundus cyathiformis ; tertius compressus, supra excisus. Ala divaricate ; areola analis retracta. Body of large size, generally black-brown or tawny, pubescent. Head semicircular. No ocelli. Mouth porrect, as long as the head. Labrum small, long, slender, lanceolate, linear on each side. Lingua small, thin, channelled, pointed. Maxillas long, slender, acute. Palpi hairy, biarticulate, curved inward ; first joint short, somewhat clavate. Labium large, thick, cylindrical, hairy. Antennce 1-jointed, not longer than the head : first and second joints bristly ; second shorter than the first ; third notched or forked above ; flagellum long, com- pressed, curved upward ; fourth joint longer than the following, which are small and cylindrical ; seventh pointed. Thorax large, subqua- drate, slightly rounded on each side, somewhat convex, and generally striped above, having before the base of each wing a slight swelling or indentation, from whence a deep transverse line extends to the middle of the disc, and then ceases ; a crooked fold on each side before the scutum, and in the middle a like one, which encloses a small part of the thorax. Wings lanceolate, finely pubescent, diverging ; anal areolet closed far from the border. Tarsi short. Male. Upper region of the eyes composed of large facets. Second joint of the palpi short, capitate. Fern. Mandibles horny, flat, knife-shaped, pointed, seated on the under base of the labium, by which they are covered. Second joint of the palpi long, attenuated. These flies frequent woods during the summer ; they are com- paratively scarce in England, but very abundant in warm countries. Their flight is accompanied by a humming, which varies in dif- ferent species. Those with hairy eyes appear to be chiefly northern. The fork of the vein between the cubital and submarginal areolets is a constant character of the two last and somewhat aberrant species, and it occasionally, but rarely, occurs as an irregularity in the structure of some of the preceding kinds. The genus may be divided as follows : — «. Vein between the cubital areolet and the submarginal areolet simple. b. Eyes bare. c. Abdomen with one stripe. Species 1. TABANUS. 37 c c. Abdomen with three stripes. Species 2-7. b b. Eyes hairy. (Therioplectes, Zeller.) c. Body rather broad. d. Abdomen tawny on each side. Species 8-10. dd. Abdomen black, with grey spots. Species 11, 12. c c. Body narrow. Species 13. a a. Vein between the cubital areolet and the submarginal areolet forked. Eyes hairy. Species 14, 15. 1. Bovinus, L. s. n. ii. 1000. 4 (1763); Fb.; Pz. ! ; Mg.; Mq.; Ztt. Nigro-fuscus, capite flavo-albo, antennis nigris basi fulvis, thorace cinereo quinquevittato, alis subcinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, abdomine maculis trigonis cinereis univittato, segmentorum marginibus posticis fulvis, pedibus fuscis, tibiis flavis. Long. 10-11 ; alar. 20-22 lin. Dark brown. Head yellowish- white, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes bronzed, not striped. Antennae black, tawny at the base ; notch of the third joint large. Thorax with five grey stripes. Wings pale grey, tawny at the base, and thence along three- fourths of the fore border. Halteres brown, with pale yellow tips. Abdomen with a row of whitish triangular spots ; hind borders of the segments tawny on each side. Legs brown ; tibiaB yellow. This, the largest British Tabanus, is not common ; when on the wing it may be distinguished by its loud hum, by its rapid flight, and by the large circles in which it wheels round its prey. (E. S. I.) 2. autumnalis, L. s. n. ii. 1000. 5 (1763); Mg.; DC.; Mq.; Ztt. Nigro-fuscus, capite flavo-albo, antennis nigris, thorace cinereo-quinque- vittato, alis cinereis basi et ad costam subfulvis, abdomine maculis canis quinquevittato, pedibus nigris, tibiis flavis apice nigris. Long. 7-^-9 ; alar. 14-18 lin. Brownish-black. Head yellowish-white, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes bronzed, not striped. Antennas black. Thorax with five grey stripes. "Wings grey, with a slight tawny tinge at tie base and along three-fourths of the fore border. Halteres brown, with yellow knobs. Abdomen rather long, with five rows of hoary spots. TibiaB yellow, with black tips. Male. Abdomen ferruginous on each side. Generally distributed. (E. S.) 3. an thr acinus, Hfg. ; Mg. zw. ii. 36. 7 (1820). Nigro-fuscus, capite flavo-albo, antennis nigris, articulo tertio basi ferruyineo, thorace cinereo-quinquevittato, alis subcinereis, abdomine maculis trigonis canis trivittato, pedibus nigris, tibiis fulvis apice nigris. Long. 7 ; alar. 14 lin. Brownish-black. Head yellowish-white, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes purplish-green. Antennae black, dark ferruginous 38 TABANID^E. towards the base of the third joint. Thorax with five grey stripes. Wings pale grey. Halteres tawny, their knobs brown, with yellowish- white tips. Abdomen rather short and broad, with three rows of tri- angular hoary spots. Tibiae tawny, with black tips. Male. Abdomen tawny on each side towards the base. Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 4. glaucopis, Mg. zw. ii. 48. 24.pl. 13. f. 18 (1820) ; Mq.; Ztt. Nigro-cinereus, antennis rufis apice nigris, thorace cano-quinquevittato, alis vix cinereis, abdomine maculis trigonis canis trivittato, tibiis fulvis apice nigris. Long. 7 ; alar. 12 lin. Dark grey. Head clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes bronzed ; facets of the fore part very small. Antennae black ; first joint testaceous ; second dark red ; third slender, dark red at the base, very slightly notched. Thorax with five hoary stripes ; tip and under- side hoary. Wings very slightly tinged with grey. AlulaB greyish, with tawny borders. Halteres brown, with whitish tips. Abdomen with three rows of hoary somewhat triangular spots. TibiaB tawny, with black tips. Male. Spots on each side of the abdomen mostly tawny towards the base. Very rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 5. bromius, L. s. n. ii. 1001. 12 (1763) ; Mg.; Mq.; Ztt.—macula- tus, Dg. Niger, capite flavo-albo, antennis fulvis, thorace cinereo-quin- quevittato, alis cinereis, abdomine nigro-fusco maculis trigonis fulvis trivittato, tibiis fulvis. Long.- 5-7 ; alar. 10-12 lin. Black. Head yellowish-white, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes bronzed, purple in front. Antennce dark tawny ; third joint paler. Thorax with five grey stripes. Wings grey. Halteres tawny, with brown knobs. Abdomen dark brown, with three rows of dull, pale, tawny, triangular spots. Tibiae tawny. Generally distributed. (E. S.) 6. atricornis, Mg. zw. vii. 59. 47 (1838); Ztt. Nigro-cinereus antennis nigris, thorace subvittato, alis subcinereis, abdomine maculis trigonis canis trivittato, segmenti secundi lateribus fulvis, tarsis poste- rioribus tibiisque ferrugineis apice nigris. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 12 lin. Greyish-black. Head clothed in front with whitish hairs. Antennae black. Thorax indistinctly striped. Wings pale grey. Alulae grey, with tawny borders. Halteres pitchy, with ferruginous tips. Abdo- men with three stripes of nearly triangular hoary spots ; middle spots small ; a tawny spot on each side of the second segment. Tibiae and posterior tarsi ferruginous, with black tips. Male. Eyes reddish-bronze, black, and composed of very small facets in front. Female. Eyes blackish-bronze. Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 7. glaucus, Mgrle. ; Mg. zw. ii. 51. 28 (1820). Nigro-cinereus, antennis rufis apice. nigris, thorace cano-quinquevittato, alis subcinereis, TABANUS. 39 ubdomine cteruleo-fusco maculis trigonis canis trivittato, tibiis fulvis apice nigris. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 8-10 lin. Greyish-black, hoary beneath. Head covered above with fawn- coloured down, whitish, and clothed with white hairs in front and beneath. Eyes bronzed, blackish-bronze in front. Antenna rather deep red, with black tips. Thorax with five indistinct hoary stripes ; underside hoary. Wings pale grey ; stigmata dark brown. Alulae grey, with tawny borders. Halteres brown, with pale tips. Abdomen dark brown, slightly tinged with blue, with three stripes of nearly triangular hoary spots, tawny on each side and along the hind borders of the segments beneath. Tibiae tawny, with black tips. Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. 8. tropicus, L. s. n. ii. 1001 (1763); Dg. ; Fb.; Shr. ; Gm. ; LI. ; Pz. ! fn. xiii. 22 ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Niger, capite flavo- albo, antennis ferrugineis basi et apice obscurioribus, thorace cinereo- subtrivittato, alls cinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, abdomine fulvo maculis trigonis flams univittato, tibiis fulvis. Long. 7-7-g- ; alar. 14-15 lin. Black. Head yellowish-white, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes aeneous-green, with three purple bands. Antenna ferru- ginous ; first, fourth, and following joints darker. Thorax with three very indistinct grey stripes. Wings grey, tawny at the base, and thence along three-fourths of the fore border. Halteres brown, tawny at the base. Abdomen tawny, with a row of triangular yellow spots, which are sometimes indistinct. Tibia tawny. Generally distributed, but not common. (E. S. I.) 9. luridus, Fin. d. s. tab. 5.4 (1817) ; Mg. ; Mq.; Ztt. Niger, capite albido, antennis ferrugineis et apice nigris, thorace cinereo-sub- trivittato, alls cinereis basi et ad costam subfuscis, abdomine maculis canis univittato, lateribus anterioribus fulvis, tibiis fulvis apice obscurioribus. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 12-14 lin. Black. Head whitish, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes seneous-green, with three purple bands. Antenna black ; second and third joints ferruginous. Thorax with three indistinct grey stripes. Wings grey, brownish at the base, and thence along three-fourths of the fore border. Halteres brown, tawny towards the base. Abdomen dark tawny on each side, for about half the length from the base, and with a row of triangular hoary spots on the disc. Tibiae tawny, darker towards the tips. Generally distributed. (E. S.) 10. signatus, Wdm.; Mg. zw. 34. 4 (1820). Niger, capite cano, antennarum articulo tertio fulvo, thorace vix vittato, alis cinereis basi et ad costam fuscis, abdomine maculis trigonis canis univittato fasciisque abbreviatis canis bivittato, tibiis fulvis apice nigris. Long. 7 ; alar. 14 lin. 40 TABANID^E. Black. Head hoary, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes seneous-green, with 3 purple bands. Third joint of the antenna tawny. Thorax hardly striped. Wings grey, tinged with brown at the base and thence along two-thirds of the fore border. Halteres brown, tawny at the tips and towards the base. Hind borders of the abdo- minal segments with a triangular hoary spot in the middle, and with a short hoary band on each side. Tibia dark tawny, with black tips. Eare. (E.) 11. austriacus, Fb. s. a. 96. 17 (1805). — micans, Mg. ; Mq. Niger, capite cano, thorace vix vittato, alis cinereis basi et ad costam et ad venas disci nonnullas fuscis ; Mas. abdomine maculis canis urii vit- tato ; Fcem. abdomine maculis canis trivittato, lateribus anterioribus cano-maculatis. Long. 6-7; alar. 14-16 lin. Black. Head hoary, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes seneous-green, adorned with 3 purple bands. Thorax hardly striped. Wings grey, brown at the base and thence along three-fourths of the fore border and along some of the veins in the disc. Halteres black. Male. Abdomen with one row of hoary spots. Fore tarsi fringed with long hairs. Fern. Abdomen with 3 rows of hoary spots, and with a larger hoarv spot on each side near the base. Eare. (E.) 12. cordiger, Wdn.; Mg. zw. ii. 47. 23 (1820). Nigro-fuscus, capite flavo, antennis ferrugineis apice nigris, thorace cinereo-trivittato ad alasfulvo, alis subcinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, abdomine maculis trigonis cinereis trivittato, segmentis primo ad tertium fulvo-bivittatis, pedibus nigris, tibiis anticis basi fulvis, tibiis posterioribus et tarsis fulvis. Long. 6 ; alar. 12 lin. Dark brown, narrow. Head yellow, clothed in front with yellow hairs. Eyes aeneous-green, with 3 purple bands. Antennae ferru- ginous, black towards the tips. Thorax with 3 grey stripes, tawny above the base of each wing. Wings pale grey, tawny at the base and thence along two-thirds of the fore border. Halteres brown, yellow at the tips and towards the base. Abdomen with a row of cinereous triangular spots along the disc and with a tawny stripe along each side of the first, second, and third segments. Legs black ; fore tibise towards the base, posterior tibiae and tarsi, tawny. Eare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 13. rusticus, L. s. n. ii. 1000. 11 (1763); Fb. ; Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Cinereus, capite cano, antennis fulvis basiflavis apice ferru- gineis, alis sublimpidis, pedibus nigris, tibiis fulvis apice nigris ; Mas. abdomine basi fulvo-bivittato ; Foem. abdomine maculis cinereis trivit- tato. Long. 6 ; alar. 12 lin. Grey. Head hoary, clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Eyes yellowish-green. Antenna tawny, yellow at the base, ferruginous towards the tips. Thorax not striped. Wings almost colourless. H^MATOPOTA. 41 Halteres pale yellow, with white knobs. Legs black ; tibia pale tawny, with black tips. Male. Abdomen with a short tawny stripe on each side near the base. Fern. Abdomen with 3 rows of large indistinct cinereous spots. Not common. (E. S.) 14. alpinus, Shr. f. b. iii. 2534 (1798); Ct. ! b. e. 78.— rmticus, Shr. i. a. ; Pz. ; Fin.— -fulvus, Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Fuscm, capite cano, antennis luteis bad flams, alis limpidis basi et ad costam subfulvis, abdo- minis lateribus basi fulvis, pedibus fulvis, tarsis anticis nigris. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 12-14 lin. Brown, thickly clothed with short tawny hairs. Head hoary, clothed in front with yellow hairs. Eyes pale green. Antennae luteous ; first and second joints yellow. Thorax not striped. Wings colourless, with a tawny tinge at the base and thence along two-thirds of the fore border. Halteres yellow, with whitish tips. Abdomen tawny on each side near the base. Legs tawny ; fore tarsi black. Not common. (E. S.) Genus II. HJEMATOPOTA. H^MATOPOTA, Mg. kl. i, 162 (1804); Fb. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Ztt. Tabanus, L. ; Fb. ; Dg. ; Pz. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; Gfr. Corpus mediocre, lineare, pubescens. Color obscurus. Ocelli nulli. Palporum articulus secundus conicus. Antenna Q -articulate, por- rectae, lanceolatse, subretusae ; articulus primus cylindricus, sat longus ; secundus cyathiformis, perbrevis ; tertius et sequentes com- pacti, nagellum subulatum fingentes. Ala parallels, defiexa ; areola analis angulo acuto usque in marginem summum interiorem descen- dens. Body narrow, linear, generally black or grey. Head contracted, semicircular, somewhat depressed. Eyes depressed. Ocelli none. Mouth projecting. Labrum small, stiif, pointed, as long as the labium. Lingua lanceolate^ pointed, as long as the labium. Maxillae curved, acute, as long as the lingua. Labium thick, tumid beneath, channelled above. Antenna ^-jointed, inserted in -front of the face, longer than the head; first and second joints bristly; first somewhat long, elliptical or cylindrical; second short, cyathiform; third and three following joints compressed, almost bare ; third attenuated, rather stout, nearly as long as the first ; fourth and fifth small, quadrate ; sixth a little longer, rounded at the tip. Thorax oval, narrower than the head; scutellum semicircular. Wings lanceolate, rather narrow, finely pubes- cent, parallel, deflexed, adorned with ringlets ; anal areolet extending to the border. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen rather VOL. i. G 42 TAB AN ID JE. long, linear, depressed. Legs of equal length ; tibiae compressed, not thicker than the femora. Male. Mouth horizontal. Labrum lanceolate, hollow. Palpi very hairy ; first joint clavate ; second nearly oval, much broader than the first. First joint of the antennae very much incrassated. Fern. Head with two black spots and a black dot, forming a tri- angle on the crown. Mouth perpendicular. Labrum rather broad and stout. Mandibles lanceolate, as long as the labrum, seated on the under base of the labium. Palpi pubescent ; first joint short ; second long, conical, slightly curved, not broader than the first. First joint of the antennae oval, scarcely stouter than the third. These flies are much more abundant than the Tabani ; their flight is silent. 1. phivialis, L. s. n. ii. 1001. 16 (1763) ; Dg. ; Fb. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; Gfr.; LI. ; Pz. ; Mg. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. — Jiyetomantis, Shr. — equorum, Fb. ; Mg. — tennicornis, Mq. — italica, Mg. ; Gt. ! b. e. — longicornis, Mq. — grandis, Mgrle. ; Mq. Capite cano, antennis nigris, articulo tertio basi ferrugineo, alis cinereis confertim albido-subocellatis, tibiis poste- rioribus fulvis nigro-bicinctis, tibiis anticis et tarsis posterioribus basi fulvis. Mas. Niger, abdominis lateribus nonnunquam fulvis. Fcem. Fuscus, thorace cinereo-trivittato, abdomine rnaculis cinereis trivit- tato, segmentorum marginibus posticis canis. Long. 3^-5 ; alar. 7-10 lin. Head hoary. Eyes green, with 3 or 4 crimson bands. Antennae black ; third joint more or less ferruginous towards the base, sometimes quite black. Wings dark grey, with numerous whitish curved lines and imperfect circlets. Halteres tawny. Legs black ; fore tibiae and tarsi tawny at the base ; posterior tibiae tawny, with 2 black bands. Male. Black. Head clothed in front with pale yellow hairs. Sides of the abdomen sometimes tawny. Fern. Brown. Head clothed in front with white hairs, black and shining about the base of the an- tennae, above which there are 2 dark brown spots. Thorax with 3 grey stripes. Abdomen with 3 rows of grey spots ; hind borders of the segments hoary. Generally distributed, and excessively abundant in the summer; the warmth of a hothouse will develope the fly in the beginning of March. (E. S. I.) Genus III. CHRYSOPS. CHRYSOPS, Mg. kl. (1804); Fb. s. a.; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Tabanus p., L.; Fb.; Pz. Corpus mediocre, pubescens, oblongum, sat latum. Color obscurus ; CHRYSOPS. 43 pictura abdominis ssepe rufa, alaruinque albo-maculata. Ocelli 3. Antennae 7 -articulates, porrectae, cyliudricae, subretusas ; articuli primus et secundus hirti, aequales ; tertius et sequentes flagellum subulatum fingentes. Ala? divaricatse ; areola analis marginem attingens, sub- aperta. Abdomen depression. Body of middle size, pubescent, rather broad. Head semicircular. Eyes resplendent gold-green, with purple-brown spots and lines. Ocelli 3. Mouth projecting, as long as the head. Labrum stiff, pointed, as long as the labium. Lingua slender, stiff, pointed. Maxillee slender, acute. Palpi hairy, Inarticulate ; first joint short, cylindrical ; second long, conical. Labium slender, cylindrical. Antenna? 7 -jointed, inserted in the middle of the front, porrect, cylindrical, a little curved upward, tapering towards the tips, rather longer than the head ; first and second joints cylindrical, hairy, of equal length ; third and following forming a subulate flagellum ; third of moderate length ; fourth and following joints short. Thorax rather flat, hairy on each side. Wings almost lanceolate, divaricate, finely pubescent, more or less coloured; anal areolet extending to the border, almost open. Abdomen flat. Male. Palpi horizontal. Fern. Head with 2 black scapulae, one above the antennae, the other on the crown. Mandibles thin, lanceolate, as long as the labrum. Palpi perpendicular. Thorax striped. These flies are common, but do not swarm like the Hematopota ; their night is silent. 1. caecutiens, L. s. n. ii. 1001.17 (1763); Dg. ; Fb. ; Gin.; Fin.; Mg. ! ii. 67. 2. pi. 14. f. 6; Mq. ; Zli.—lugubris, L. ; Fb. ; Mg. — mduatiis, Fb. Thoracis lateribus fulvo-hirtis. Mas. Niger, alis nigro-fuscis cinereo-bimaculatis, abdomine basi ftilvo-bimaculato. Fcem. Nigro-fuscus, thorace cinereo-bivittato, alis fuscis limpido-bimaculatis, abdomine basi fulvo maculisque trigonis fulvis vittato. Long. 3^—4^- ; alar. 7-9 lin. Eyes golden-green ; 5 spots and the hind border purple. Halteres dark brown. Male. Black. Thorax clothed with bright tawny hairs on each side at the base of the wings. Wings dark brown; hind border at the base, and a large angle on the hind border near the tip, pale grey ; a small whitish spot in the disc. Abdomen tawny on each side towards tJiebase. Fern. Dark brown. Thorax with 2 cinereous stripes, clothed with bright tawny hairs, which are thickest on each side. Wings brown, with 2 large colourless spots, one extending almost across the wing from the hind border near the base, the other forming an angle on the hind border near the tip. Abdomen with a very broad and often inter- rupted tawny band at the base) and with a row of tawny triangular spots along the back, the first largest and most distinct. Generally distributed. (E. S.) 4:4 ACROCEillD^:. 2. relictus, Hfg. ; Mg. zw.ii. 69. (1820.) 3; Mq.; Zii.—viduatus, Mg. ; Fb. — Tabanus ctecutiens, Pz. ! Thorace fulvo-hirto, abdomine maculis trigonis cinereis univittato maculisque fulvis trimttato, tibiis fulvis. Mas. Niger, alis nigro-fuscis cinereo-bimaculatis. Fcem. Nigro-fuscus, thorace cinereo-quadrivittato, alis fuscis albido-bimaculatis, abdomini^ lateribus basi flams segmentorum marginibus posticis cinereis. Long. 3-i— 4^ ; alar. 7-9 lin. Eyes golden-green. Thorax clothed with tawny hairs. Halteres brown. Abdomen with a row of cinereous triangular spots along the back, and with a tawny spot on each side of every segment from thejirst to the fourth. Tibise dark tawny. Male. Black. Eyes with 4 cupreous spots, which join together, and form a band in the mi.ddle. Wings dark brown, with 2 very large irregular pale grey spots on the hind border, one near the base, the other near the tips. Fern. Dark brown. Head covered with yellow down, with 8 black shining scapulae ; 2 on the crown, quadrate ; 6 in front. Eyes with purple or brown marks. Wings brown, with 2 very large irregular whitish spots on the hind border, one near the base, the other near the tip. Abdomen with a very large angular yellow spot occupying the sides of the first and second segments ; hind borders of the segments cinereous. Not very common. (E. S. I.) FAMILY IV. A C E O C E ACROCERID^E, Lch. comp. (1809); Ct. ; Wtw. Bombyliarii p., Lm. Aplocera p., Dmr. Inflate, LI. Inflata, Mg. Stratiomyda p., Fin. Fesiculosa, Mq. Asiplionia p., Efn. Cyrtites, Nwm. Ogcodinte, Rdn. Inflata (Henopii), Ags. Acrocerince, Ztt. Corpus latum, globosum. Caput parvum, rotuudum. Oculi magni. Ocelli 3. Antennae triarticulatse, brevissimas, stylatas. Ala3 divari- cate. Abdomen magnum, segmentis 5. Pedes simplices. Body broad, globose. Head small, almost wholly occupied by the eyes. Ocelli 3. Antennae 3-jointed, very small, porrect, approximate at the base. Wings diverging, deflexed. Abdomen very thick, trans- parent, with 5 segments. Legs slender; onychia 3. ffo Third longitudinal vein-j I si forked 1. ACROCERA. mple 2. HENOPS. ACKOCERA. 45 Genus I. ACROCERA. ACROCERA, Mg. ; Illig. mag. (1806) ; LI. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Syrphus p., Pz. Henops p., Fin. Corpus minoris magnitudinis, siibglobosum, gibbum, breviter pubescens. Color nigricans. Oculi nudi, obscure fusci, unicolores. Antennae prope verticem insertse. Alee vena tertia longitudinal! furcata. Body small, gibbous, almost globose, downy. Head small, oval, contracted in front. Eyes bare, almost contiguous. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis concealed. Antennae small, upright, 3-jointed, seated near the crown ; first joint patelliform ; second cyathiform ; third long, setiform. Thorax almost round, gibbous, much broader than the head. Wings lanceolate, diverging, oblique, bare ; third longitudinal vein forked. Alulae large, convex, hiding the little halteres. Abdomen round, broader and thicker than the thorax, with 5 segments. Legs delicate ; metatarsus as long as the other four joints. The Acrocerce, are very sluggish, and are often seated in groups on the withered trunks and branches of oak and other trees, about which they fly when the sun shines in warm weather; they also frequent thickets and herbage beneath trees. 1. globulus, Pz. ! fn. xxxvi. 20; LI. ; Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. Ni<;Tu, thoracis lateribus llavo-maculatis et fasciatis, alis limpidis, abdo- minefidvo apice jlavo-fasciato, pedibus fulvis. Long. If; alar. 5 lin. Black. Head clothed with hoary hairs. Thorax clothed with very short yellow hairs ; a pale yellow spot on each side of the fore border, and a short oblique pale yellow band at the base of each wing. Wings and alula? colourless ; veins and halteres yellow. Abdomen tawny ; an irregular pale yellow band near the tip. Legs tawny ; ungues black. Appears during the summer, and frequents the withered branches of the alder, the ash, the aspen, and other trees. (E.) 2. albipes, Mg. zw. iii. 96. 4 (1822) .—globulus var.} Fin.; Ztt. Nigra, antennis fulvis apice nigris, thoracis lateribus flavo-maculatis et fasciatis, scutello flavo, alis limpidis, abdomine luteo basi nigro-fasciato lateribns idgro-maculato, pedibus flavis. Long. 1^—2 ; alar. 4-5 lin. Black. Head and thorax clothed with pale, very short, yellow hairs. Antennae tawny, black towards the tips. Thorax with a pale yellow spot on each side of the fore border, and with a short oblique pale yellow band at the base of each wing ; scutellum pale yellow. Wings and alulae colourless; veins and halteres yellow. Abdomen luteous ; a black band at the base, and on each side a row of black spots, which successively decrease towards the tip. Legs yellow ; tips of the tarsi black. May be a variety of the preceding species. (E.) 46 ASJLIl).*. Genus II. HENOPS. HENOPS, 111. mag. (1806); Mg. ; Fb. ; Flu.; Ztt. Musca p., L. Syrphm p., Pz. Ogcode* p., LI. Opcodes, Mq. Corpus minoris magnitudinis, subglobosum, gibbuni, breviter pubescens. Color nigricans. Oculi mull, obscure fusci, unicolores. Antenna ad peristoma inserta. Al(£ vena tertia longitudinali simplici. Body small, gibbous, almost globose, downy. Head much con- tracted in front. Eyes bare, almost contiguous. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Peristoma small, round. Proboscis concealed. " Palpi short, filiform. Labium very small " (Fb.). Antenna3 3-jointed, very small, seated close to the upper border of the peristoma, nutant, inclined almost perpendicularly downwards, slightly diverging; first joint very short, patelliform ; second more oval ; third subulate, somewhat thickened at the tip, which bears two little bristles. Thorax almost round, much broader and thicker than the head; scutellum rounded. Wings lan- ceolate, incumbent, oblique, longer than the abdomen, not pubescent nor fringed ; third longitudinal vein simple. Alulae large, rounded, quite concealing the little halteres. Abdomen oval, gibbous, very large, with 5 segments, convex above, flat beneath. Legs slender. These flies resemble the Acrocera in general structure and in habits. 1. gibbosus, L. fn. 1815 (1761); Fb. ; Gm. ; Pz. ; Mg. ; Fin.; LI. ; Mq. ; Ztt. — leucomelas, Mg. ; Fin. — marginatus, Mg. ; Ct. ! b. e. 110; Ztt. — limbatus, Mg. Nigro-fuscus, antennis nigris, thoracis late- ribus fulvo-maculatis et fasciatis, alis limpidis, abdomine fusco, seg- mentorum marginibus posticis ventreque flavis, pedibus fulvis, femo- ribus nonnunquam nigris. Long. 2^-3^; alar. 7-9 lin. Blackish-brown. Head prominent above the antennae. Peristoma tawny. Thorax clothed with yellow hairs, having a tawny spot on each side of the fore border, and an oblique tawny band at the base of each wing. Wings and alulas colourless ; veins and halteres pale yellow. Abdomen brown ; hind borders of the segments pale yellow ; underside pale yellow, with a brown border. Legs tawny ; femora sometimes black, with yellow tips. Not rare. (E.) FAMILY Y. ASILIDJB. Lch. comp. (1819); Ct. ; Wtw. RbmbyUaru p., Lm. Empidia p., Efh. Asilici, LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ags. ; Lw. Sclerostoma p., Dmr. Asilica, Brin. Asilites, Nwm. Asilince, Edn. Corpus magnum atit medium, hirsutum. Frons et vertex impressa. LAPHRTA. 47 Epistoma barbatum. Oculi reraoti. Proboscis valida, brevis, por- recta aut obliqua. AlaB incumbentes. Abdomen segmentis 8. Pedes ssepissime validi, spinis annati. Mas. Anus biungulatus. Fcem. Ungulis analibus nullis. Body narrow, cylindrical, of large or of middle size, most often bristly. Crown and front impressed. Kpistoma armed with bristles. Eyes remote. Proboscis projecting, horny, short, stont, very sharp, horizontal or oblique. Antennae porrect, approximate at the base, erect; third joint developed, long, distinct from the succeeding joints, which arc very small or obsolete; fourth seated on the tip of the third. Wings incumbent, parallel, llalteres uncovered. Abdomen cylindrical, with 7 or 8 segments. Legs stout ; tibia3 and tarsi armed with bristles and spii; These flies are all carnivorous, and are the most powerful and generally the largest of the Diptera. They destroy Coleoptera, and ////' ••'/, as well as the insects of their own class, and are most frequent in woods and sandy situations ; their flight is silent. The larvae are apod, smooth, cylindrical, and undergo their metamorphose in the earth or in decayed wood. The genera may be thus divided : — f not stylated 1. LAPHRIA. with onychia : J Antennae | 1 stylated : f closed before the border . . 2. ASILUS. Mediastinal areolet ( oblique . . 3. DASYPOGON. open to the border : Proboscis horizontal . 4. DIOCTRIA. ^ without onychia 5. LEPTOGASTER. Genus I. LAPHRIA. LAPHRIA, Mg. kl. (1804) ; Fb. ; LL; Fin.; Mq.; Z1L; Ct. ; Lw. Asilus p., L. ; Fb. ; Dg. ; Gm. ; Shr. ; Pz. ; Hbst. ; Gfr. Corpus magnum, robustum, oblongum, hirsutum. Color niger, hirsutie nitente, interdum albescente vel flavescente. Proboscis porrecta. Antenna inarticulate, non stylatte ; articulus tertius obtusus. Areola mediaztinalis clausa. Onychia conspicua. 48 ASILITXE. Mas. Abdomen angustius ; lamellae 2 magnae corneae genitalia supra tegentes. Fcem. Abdomen latius, magis obtusum ; lamellae anales nullae. Body rather large, stout, hairy, bristly. Head contracted, flat, very hairy, as broad as the thorax; epistoma prominent, bristly. Eyes green, flat, and composed of large facets in front. Ocelli 3, on a little tubercle of the crown. Proboscis almost horizontal, about twice the length of the head. Labrum short, conical, channelled beneath some- what membranaceous at the tip. Lingua small, pointed, as long as the labium, beset above with stiff, thick, revolute hairs along two- thirds of the length to the tip. Maxillae small, pointed, flat, late, cylindrical, short, hairy; joints of equal length. Labium fringed internally, almost as long as the lingua. Palpi biarticu- cylindrical, with a tubercle beneath at the base. Antennae porrect, triarticulate, not stylate, approximate at the base, diverging, inclined upward to the height of the head ; first and second joints bristly ; first cylindrical ; second small, cyathiform ; third long, bare, subfusiform, compressed, narrow at the base, somewhat dilated in the middle, obtuse at the tip, much longer than the first and second. Thorax oval, rather gibbous ; scutellum semicircular. Wings lanceolate, minutely wrinkled, very finely pubescent ; mediastinal areolet closed before the border. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments ; seventh segment very small. Legs stout, hairy ; femora thick ; tibiae curved ; tarsi rather long ; ungues long ; onychia conspicuous. Male. Abdomen almost cylindrical, inflected beneath ; tips armed with stout hairy pincers. Fern. Abdomen obclavate, obtuse. These flies appear in summer, inhabit woods, and their larvae live and change to pupae in the decayed branches. The head, the thorax, the rudiments of the wings, and eight segments of the abdomen are distinctly formed on the outside of the case. The head and the thorax are smooth, and there are a few bristles on the sides of the abdomen. There are four large and four small spines on the head, and the tip of the abdomen is armed with eight spines, which are close together. The back of each segment of the abdomen is beset with a transverse row of small spines. 1. marginata, L. s. n. ii. 1008. 10 (1763); Dg. ; Shr. ; Gm. ; Fb. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Zll. ; Ztt. ; ~Lw.—niffrat Mg. ; Ct. ! b. e. ii. 94. — -fulgida? Mg. Nigra, fulvo-hirta, capite aureo, alis fuseo-cinereis basi subcinereis, abdomine purpureo-nigro-aeneo. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 8-10 lin. Black. Head partly gilded, clothed with long black hairs, and in front with tawny hairs. First and second joints of the antennae clothed AS1LUS. 49 with long black hairs. Thorax tinged with white on each side. Wings brownish-grey, pale grey towards the base. Halteres bright yellow. Abdomen bronze-black, with a slight purple tinge, clothed with short tawny hairs ; hind borders of the segments covered on each side with tawny down. Legs clothed with tawny hairs and black bristles ; onychia tawny. Male. Abdominal appendages large, black, clothed with black hairs. Not common. (E.) Genus II. ASILUS. ASILUS, Mg. kl. (1804) ; LI. ; Fin. ; Wd. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ct. ; Lw.— Asi- lus p., L.; Fb. ; Dg. ; Gm. ; Shr. ; Gfr. ; Hbst. Dasypogon p., Fb. Corpus majoris ant media3 magnitudinis, elongatum, hirsutum. Color saepissime niger, hirsutie cinerascente ; raro lutescens. Oculi uni- colores. Antenna 5 -articulate, stylatae. Areola mediastinalu clausa. Tibia3 pilosae et spinulosse. Onychia conspicua. Mas. Genitalia prominula; cauda forficata cornea. Fcem. Anus stylis 2 corneis acuminatus, productus. Body narrow, cylindrical, bristly. Head rather small, semicircular, transverse, much compressed between the eyes, with a small deeply de- pressed front, very hairy beneath the mouth ; epistoma prominent, beset with bristles. Eyes green. Ocelli 3, seated on a little tubercle. Proboscis projecting, oblique, somewhat curved, as long as the head. Labrum short, broad, arched, obtuse, half the length of the labium, coriaceous at the base, menibranaceous and obliquely truncated at the tip. Lingua stiif, flat, pointed, clothed above with reverted velvet-like hairs, as long as the labium. Maxillas stiff, truncated, linear, rather dilated and menibranaceous towards the tips, ex- ceeding the labrum in length. Palpi cylindrical, clavate, obtuse, hairy, curved upwards. Labium thick, hairy, tumid beneath. Antennae 5 -jointed, porrect, sty late, hardly larger than the head, in- serted in the middle of the face, approximate at the base, diverging, inclined upward ; first and second joints bristly ; first cylindrical ; second cyathiform, short ; third long, subulate, compressed, bare ; fourth and fifth very short. Thorax most often with dark and some- times divided stripes, of which the middle one is shortened in front, and those on the sides are interrupted. Scutellum small. Wings lanceo- late, very finely pubescent ; mediastinal areolet closed. Alulae small, very narrow ; their borders fringed. Halteres long, uncovered. Ab- domen with 7 segments, long, lanceolate ; hind part gradually tapering. Legs stout, bristly ; tibiae straight, spinose. OnycJda conspicuous. The Asili are more generally distributed than the other genera of this family, and are most frequent in sandy situations ; their VOL. I. II 50 ASILID.E. food is chiefly small Diptem, which they hold between their fore legs. The larva lives in the earth; it has 12 segments ; is apod, rather long, somewhat flat, smaller at each end, with a horny head ; it sheds its skin during the change into a pnpa. The head of the pupa is armed with two robust spines in front, and on each side with 3 smaller spines, which are connected at the base ; the abdominal segments are fringed with spines. The British species comprise the following groups or subgenera of Loew : — a. Ovipositor compressed. b. Thorax bristly to the front. Group LOPHONOTUS. Species 1. b b. Thorax bristly to the middle. c. Terminal lamellae oval, compressed. EUTOLMUS. Species 2. c c. Terminal lamella? free, almost stylate. d. Hind border of the eighth abdominal segment of the male widened. MACHIMUS. Species 3-8. d d. Hind border of the eighth abdominal segment of the male not widened. e. Body yellowish-grey, or ash-grey. Legs striped or banded with reddish-yellow. EPITRIPTUS. Sp. 9. e e. Body more or less blackish-grey. Legs black ; tibia? generally red. /. Abdominal appendages of the male very thickly clubbed. Ovipositor formed of the sixth and seventh segments. ITAMUS. Species 10. //. Appendages of the male not thickly clubbed. CERDISTUS. Species ? a a. Ovipositor not compressed. b. Abdomen without bristles on the sutures. c. Abdomen with moderately long straggling hairs. PAMPO- NERUS. Species 11. c c. Abdomen pubescent, depressed. d. Large bright-coloured species. ASILUS. Species 12. dd. Small blackish-grey species. RHADIURGUS. Sp. ? b b. Abdomen with bristles on the sutures. c. First joint of the anterior tarsi unusually short. ECHTHIS- TUS. Species ? c c. First joint of the anterior tarsi not shortened. d. Ovipositor very compactly clubbed, closely contracted beneath. ANTIPALTJS. Species 13. d d. Ovipositor conical, beset with spines at the tip. PHI- LONICUS. Species 14. 1. cristatus, Hffg. ; Mg. zw. ii. 322. 24 (1820). Fuscus, capite cano, antennis nigris, thorace cinereo-subtrivittato lateribus cano, alis limpidis, pedibus nigris. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 9-] 0 lin. ASILUS. 51 Brown. Head hoary, covered with pale tawny down, thickly clothed beneath with yellowish-white hairs ; a fringe of black bristles behind the eyes ; epistoma convex, beset with yellowish-white bristles, on each side and above with fewer black bristles. Proboscis, palpi, and an- tenna? black ; first joint of the latter clothed with tawny hairs and black bristles. Thorax with 3 indistinct cinereous stripes, clothed with long black hairs, beset on each side with yellowish-white bristles; sutures and sides hoary. Wings colourless ; veins black, slightly clouded, tawny at the base. Halteres tawny. Hind borders of the abdominal segments beset with yellowish-white bristles. Legs black, clothed with short pale tawny hairs, and with a few long black hairs, armed with pale yellow spines ; tarsi armed with black spines. Not rare. (E.) 2. mfibarbis, Mg. zw. ii. 311. 6 (1820). Cervinus, antennis liigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis subcinereis, apicibus margini- busque posticis obscurioribus, abdomine supra fusco segmentorum inar- giuibus posticis cervinis, pedibus nigris. Long. 9i; alar. 16 lin. Fawn-colour. Head thinly clothed on the crown with black hairs, thickly clothed beneath with pale yellow hairs; a fringe of black bristles behind the eyes ; epistoma convex, beset with black bristles above, and more thickly with pale yellow bristles below. Proboscis, palpi, and antennae black; first and second joints of the latter clothed with black hairs ; tips of the second joint and base of the third joint tawny. Thorax thinly clothed with black hairs, beset with 4 rows of black bristles, having 4 brown stripes, the inner pair partly united, the outer pair short and interrupted. Wings pale grey, darker along the hind borders and at the tips; veins black, tawny towards the base and along the fore border. Halteres tawny. Abdomen brown above, clothed with short tawny hairs ; hind borders of the segments fawn- colour, beset with pale yellow bristles; tips black, shining. Legs black, clothed with tawny hairs, armed with black spines ; a tawny spine on each hind tibia. Bare. In Mr. Sauiiders's" collection. (E.) 3. basalis, Lw. 1. e. iv. 16. 26. Var. ? Cerviaus, antennis nigris, thorace fusco cervino-subtrivittato, alis subfuscis limpido ad discum subvittatis, abdomine subcinereo cano-fasciato, apice pedibusque nigris. Long. 6 ; alar. 11 lin. Fawn-colour. Head clothed beneath with white hairs, beset behind with white and with a few black bristles ; epistoma prominent, beset with white bristles, and towards the antenna with a few black bristles. Antennae black; first and second joints beset with black bristles. Thorax thinly clothed with short black hairs, beset on each side and on the hinder part with a few white and black bristles ; disc brown, excepting 3 indistinct stripes. Wings pale brown, colourless along the veins in the disc. Halteres luteous. Abdomen greyish, clothed with short 52 whitish hairs ; hind borders of the segments hoary, beset with white bristles. Legs black ; femora and tibiae clothed with short white hairs, beset with white bristles ; tarsi beset with black and white bristles. Very rare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. 4. forcipatus, L. fn. 1914 (1761); Fb. ; Gm. ; Shr. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. — cinereus, Dg.—forcipula ? Zll. ; Ztt. Cinereus, an- tennis nigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis basi et ad costam fulvis ad apices et ad margines posticos cinereis, abdominis apice nigro, pedibus nigris. Long. 8-1; alar. 13 lin. Cinereous. Head thickly clothed beneath with pale yellow hairs ; a few black hairs on each side of the crown ; behind the eyes a fringe of white bristles, with which a few black bristles are mixed ; epistoma convex, beset with black bristles above, and with more pale yellow bristles below. Proboscis and palpi black, the latter clothed with tawny hairs. Antenna3 black ; first and second joints clothed with black hairs. Thorax clothed with short black hairs, beset on each side and behind with black bristles, having 4 dark brown stripes ; the middle pair partly united ; the outer pair short, broad, and interrupted. Wings grey towards the tips and along the hind borders, tawny along the fore borders towards the base ; veins black, tawny towards the base and along the fore borders. Halteres tawny. Abdomen clothed with short tawny hairs ; sides of the hind borders of the segments beset with pale yellow bristles ; tip black, shining. Legs black, clothed with tawny hairs, armed with black spines. Generally distributed. (E. I.) 5. fimbriatus, Mg. zw. ii. 320. 20 (1820) ; M.qL.—^ilipes? Mg. ; Mq. — colubrinus ? Hffg. Mg. ; Lw. Cervinus, capite albido, antennis nigris, thorace fusco-vittato, alis sublimpidis, abdominis segmentorum marginibus posticis canis, alis nigris. Long. 9 ; alar. 16 lin. Fawn-colour. Head whitish behind and beneath, clothed with white hairs beneath, fringed behind with white bristles and with a very few black bristles ; epistoma rather prominent, beset with white bristles, and towards the antenna with a very few black bristles. Antennae black ; first and second joints beset with black bristles. Thorax thinly clothed with black hairs, beset on each side with a few black bristles and with very few white bristles, having 3 broad brown stripes, the middle stripe divided along the fore half. Wings almost imperceptibly tinged with grey, colour less in the disc and towards the base. Hal- teres yellow. Hind borders of the abdominal segments hoary, beset with white bristles; tip black, shining, compressed. Legs black, shining, clothed with short hoary hairs ; femora and tibiae beset with white bristles ; tarsi beset with black bristles. Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 6. obscurus, Mg. zw. ii. 315. 12 (1820); M.c[.—gonatistes ? Zll. ; Lw. Canus, antennis nigris, tftorace fusco-trivittato, alis sub- ASILUS. 53 ciiiereis, abdo minis disco interrupte fusco, pedibus nigris. Long. 7-8 ; alar. 12-13 lin. Hoary, very slightly tinged with fawn-colour . Head clothed beneath with white hairs, fringed behind with white bristles ; epistoma very prominent, beset with a few black bristles, and towards the peristoma with more white bristles ; sides of the peristoma beset with slender white bristles. Antennae black ; first and second joints beset with black bristles. Thorax clothed with short black hairs, beset on each side with long white bristles, having 3 broad brown stripes, the middle one i iii perfectly divided by a paler stripe. Wings pale grey. Halteres tawny. Disc of the abdomen brown, except the hind borders of the segments, which are hoary and beset with white bristles. Legs black, clothed with hoary ; femora and tibia3 beset with white bristles ; tarsi beset with black bristles. Rare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. (E.) 7. rusticus, Mg. zw. ii. 311. 7 (1820) ; Lw. — genualis, Ztt. Cinereus, capite fulvo, antennis nigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis ad apices et ad margines posticos ciiiereis, abdominis apice nigro, pedibus nigris. Long. 8^—9 ; alar. 13-14 lin. Cinereous. Head with a pale tawny covering, thickly clothed beneath with yellowish-white hairs ; a few black hairs on each side of the crown, and a fringe of white bristles behind the eyes; epistoma very convex, beset witli yellowish-white bristles; a few black bristles above and on each side. Palpi black, clothed with pale hairs. Antennae black ; first and second joints clothed with yellowish-white hairs. Thorax clothed with short black hairs, beset on each side and behind with white bristles, having 4 brown stripes; middle pair partly united; aide pair broader, Interrupted. Wings grey at the tips and along the hind borders; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen clothed with short tawny hairs ; sides and hind borders of the segments brown ; tip black. Legs black, clothed with tawny hairs, armed with yellowish-white spines ; hind tarsi armed also with black spines ; tibia3 red at the base. Rare. In Mr. Saunders's collection. (E.) 8. atricapillus, Fin. d. s. 10. 5 (1814); Mg. ; Ztt.; Lw.- opacus, Mg. ; Mq. — calceatus, Mg. — bicornis, Zll. — subulatus, Lw. — rufi- manus? Mg. ; Mq. — plebeius? Mg. ; Mq. Cervinus, antennis nigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis cinereis basi limpidis, abdominis segmen- torum marginibus posticis fuscis, pedibus run's nigro-vittatis ; Mas. abdominis apice ferrugineis ; Fcem. abdominis apice nigro. Long. 4-8 ; alar. 7-13 lin. Dark fawn-colour. Head clothed with pale tawny hairs, which are thick beneath ; a few black hairs on the crown, and a fringe of black bristles behind the eyes ; epistoma slightly convex, beset with black bristles above, and with a nearly equal number of pale yellow bristles ASILIDJ5. below. Palpi black, clothed with black hairs. Antennae black ; firsi and second joints clothed with tawny hairs, beset with black bristles. Thorax clothed with short black and tawny hairs, beset on each side and behind with a few black bristles, having 4 brown stripes, the inner pair partly united, the outer pair short and interrupted. Wings grey, colourless at the base and in part of the disc ; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen clothed with short tawny hairs, be"set along each side with a few black and whitish bristles ; hind borders of the segments brown. Legs red, clothed with short pale tawny hairs, armed with black spines ; femora and tibiae striped with black ; a few whitish spines on the hind femora ; ungues red at the base. Male. Tip of the abdomen ferruginous. Fern. Tip of the abdomen black. Rare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 9. cingulatus, Fb. s. a. 172. 36 (1805); Shr.; Mg. ; Fin.; Mq. ; Zll. ; Lw. — annulatus, Mq. Cervinus, antennis nigris, thorace subvittato, alis subcinereis, abdomine cano-fasciato, pedibus ferrugineis, tibiis apice femoribusque nigris. Long. 5-| ; alar. 9 lin. Dark fawn-colour. Head clothed behind and beneath with white hairs, beset behind the eyes with a fringe of black bristles ; epistoma prominent, thickly beset with white bristles, and more thinly towards the antennae with black bristles. Antennae black ; first and second joints bristly. Thorax clothed with black hairs and bristles, indis- tinctly striped. Wings pale grey, a little darker at their tips. Halteres tawny. Abdomen thinly clothed with short black hairs, not bristly ; a hoary band on the hind border of each segment. Legs ferruginous, clothed with short white hairs; tibiae and tarsi beset with black bristles ; femora and tips of the tibiae mostly black. Male. Appendages of the abdomen ferruginous, shining, curved, not large. Rare. (E. I.) 10. sestivus, Shr. i. A. 996 (1781); Mg. ; Mq. ; Zll.; Ztt.— niger ? Dg. — tibialis, Fin. — tabidus ? Mg. — cyanurus, Lw. Nigro- fuscus, antennis nigris, thorace cinereo nigro-quadrivittato, alis limpidis apice subcinereis, abdominis apice nigro, segmentorum marginibus posticis canis, pedibus nigris, tibiis luteis; Mas. abdomine apicem versus cyaneo. Long. 7-8 ; alar. 12-14 lin. Blackish-brown. Head covered with pale tawny shining down, clothed on each side of the crown with black hairs, and more thickly beneath with white hairs ; a fringe of black bristles behind the eyes ; epistoma convex, beset above with black bristles, and more thickly below with yellowish-white bristles. Palpi black, clothed with black hairs. Antennae black; first and second joints clothed with long black hairs. Thorax with 4 rows of black bristles ; its cinereous covering interrupted by 4 black stripes ; the outer pair short, broad and interrupted. Wings colourless, pale grey towards the tips ; veins ASILUS. 55 black. Halteres tawny. Abdomen clothed with short pale tawny hairs ; segments beset on each side with tufts of tawny bristles ; hind borders hoary ; tip black, shining. Legs black ; femora clothed with short pale tawny hairs, beset with pale tawny and black bristles ; tibia? luteous with black tips, clothed like the tarsi with black hairs and bristles. Male. Abdomen blue towards the tip. Not common. (E. I.) 11. germanicus, L. s. n. ii. (1763); Fb. ; Shr. ; Pz. ; Gm. ; Pin. ; Mg. ; Ct. ! b. e. i. 46 ; Mq. ; ZU. ; Ztt. ; Lw.—tibialifi, Fb. Niger, antennis nigris, thorace fulvo fusco-quadrivittato apice cano, alis fuscis basi albis, pedibus hiteis, tibiis tarsisque apice femoribusque nigris. Long. 7-8 ; alar. 13-15 liri. Black, clothed with tawny hairs, covered here and there with tawny down. Head thickly clothed beneath with pale tawny hairs ; epistoma very convex, beset with black bristles, and towards the peristoma with tawny bristles. First and second joints of the antennae clothed with black hairs. Thorax with a tawny covering, which is interrupted by 4 dark brown stripes, the inner pair of stripes almost united, the outer pair interrupted ; hind part with a hoary covering ; sides and scutellum beset with a few black bristles. Wings brown, white for nearly half the length from the base ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres yellow. Legs luteous ; femora and tips of the tibia? and of the tarsi black. Male. Facets of the fore parts of the eyes smaller than in the other species. Rare. (E. S.) 12. crabroniformis, L. fn. 1008 (1761); Fb. ; Gfr. ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. Fulvus, capite aureo, antennis nigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis fulvis, areolarum discis margine postico fuscis, abdomine nigro, segmentorum margin ibus posticis utrinque albidis, ventre apiceque ferrugineis, femoribus rufo-fuscis. Long. 11-12; alar. 20-22 lin. Bright tawny, clothed with tawny hairs. Head gold-colour, thickly clothed beneath with golden hairs ; epistoma very convex, beset with numerous tawny bristles ; a fringe of tawny bristles behind the eyes. Antenna3 black ; first and second joints tawny ; first joint beset with black bristles ; second with a few tawny bristles. Thorax with 4 brown stripes, the outer pair shorter, broader, and less distinct than the inner pair ; pectus and metathorax reddish-brown. Wings tawny ; discs of the areolets brown along the hind border; veins tawny. Halteres tawny, with black tips. First, second, and third segments of the abdomen black, clothed with black hairs, whitish and clothed with pale hairs on each side of the hind borders of the segments ; underside ferruginous. Femora and hind tibia? reddish-brown, the latter sometimes tawny. Male. Tip of the abdomen ferruginous. Fern. Tip of the abdomen brown. Generally distributed. (E.) 56 ASIL1D.E. 13. varipes, Mg. zw. ii. 328. 33 (1820). Cervino-canus, an- tennis nigris, thorace nigro-trivittato, alls limpidis apice margineque postico subfuscis, abdomine fusco-univittato, pedibus rufis nigro-cinctis. Long. 6-6|; alar. 11-12 lin. Hoary, tinged with fawn-colour. Head fringed behind and above with black bristles, thickly ciothed beneath with wK\,e ..airs; epistoma rather prominent, thickly beset with black bristles a^d having a few slender white bristles towards the peristoma. Antennae black; first and second joints beset with black bristles. Thorax beset along the borders with black bristles ; its disc black, with the exception of 3 slender stripes, the middle one not extending half the length from the fore border. Wings colourless, pale brown towards the tips and along the hind borders. Halteres tawny. Abdomen with a broad brown stripe ; hind borders of the segments pale hoary, interrupting the brown stripe, beset with white bristles. Legs red, beset with black bristles ; femora black above, with red tips ; tips of the tibiae black ; tarsi black, red at the base. Not rare. (E.) 14. albiceps, Mg. zw. ii. 312. 8 (1820). Cinereus, capite al- bido, antennis nigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato, alis albidis, abdo- minis segmentorum marginibus posticis albidis apice nigro, pedibus nigris. Long. 8-*-; alar. 12 lin. Cinereous. Head whitish, thickly clothed beneath with white hairs ; a few black hairs on each side of the crown, and a fringe of white bristles behind the eyes ; epistoma very convex, beset with whitish bristles and above with 4 or 6 black bristles. Palpi thinly clothed with pale hairs. Antennae black; first and second joints beset with black bristles. Thorax thinly clothed with short black hairs, beset on each side and behind with a few black bristles, having 4 brown stripes, the inner pair nearly united, the outer pair short, broad, and interrupted. Wings whitish ; veins tawny, slightly clouded. Halteres yellow, tawny at the base. Abdomen clothed with short white hairs ; hind borders of the segments whitish, beset with a few white bristles; tip black, shining. Legs black, clothed with short white hairs ; femora and tibia? armed with white spines ; tarsi armed with black spines, clothed beneath with tawny down. Bare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) Genus III. DASYPOGON. DASYPOGON, Mg. kl. (1804) ; Pz. ; Fin. ; LI. ; Mq. ; Ct. ; Ztt. ; Lw. Asilus p., L. ; Fb. ; GUI. ; Pz. Dasypogon p., Fb. Dioctria p., Mg. kl. ; Fb. Corpus magnae aut mediae magnitudinis, oblongum, hirsutulum. Color DASYPOGON. 57 niger, abdominis pictura saepe albo-maoulaia vel fasciata. Proboscis obliqua. Antennhort, forming an obtuse tip. Thorax oval, almost bare, often striped on the back, and gilded or silvery on each side. Wings lanceolate, narrow, obtuse, very finely pubescent ; nit'iliaxtinal areokt open. Alula3 small, entire. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments, bare, almost cylin- drical, sometimes marked with yellow on each side; first segment broader and more arched than the following. Legs slender, slightly bristly or quite bare; femora and tibia) straight; hinder tibiae finely fringed with hairs; fore tibiae slightly hairy by the spurs; hind tarsi slightly clavate. Oiti/d/ia co/tx/iiruous. These Hies inhabit meadows, trees, and bushes, during the summer, and are more abundant than those of the preceding genus; they feed chiefly on small 1 filter a \ some species prey upon Hymsnoptera. 1. oelandica, L. s. n. ii. 1008. 15 (1763); Fb. ; Shr. ; Gfr. ; (Jin.: Mg. ; LI.; Fin.; Mq. ; Zll. ; Ztt. ; Lw. Nigra, thorace albido- qoadrivittato, all* niyricantibus, pedibus rufis, tibiis apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 6-7 ; alar. 10-12 lin. Black, shining, clothed with black hairs. Head with a white covering beneath, and on each side of the front. Epistoma convex, beset with yellow bristles. Palpi clothed with long black hairs. First and second and the base of the third joint of the antennae clothed with black hairs. Thorax with 2 whitish stripes on the back, and with an oblique yellowish white stripe on each side. Wings blackish ; discs of the areolets paler towards the tips and along the hind border ; veins black. Halteres yellow. Legs red, clothed with short tawny hairs ; tibiae and tarsi armed with tawny spines ; tarsi and tips of the tibiae black ; claws tawny, with black tips ; onychia yellow. Generally distributed. (E. S.) 2. cothurnata, Mg. zw. ii. 244. 6 (1820). — Meigenii, Sd. ent. 141. 26. Atra, thorace cinereo-trivittato, lateribus abdominisque seg- mentorum marginibus posticis ferrugineis, alls limpidis, pedibus fulvis, tibiis apices versus tarsisque piceis. Long. 7£ ; alar. 13 lin. 60 ASILID^E. Black, shining. Head clothed in front with shining yellowish-white down; epistoma beset with yellowish-white bristles. Thorax with 3 grey stripes, more or less ferruginous on each side. Wings colourless ; veins piceous, tawny towards the base and along the fore border. Halteres tawny. Hind borders of the abdominal segments ferruginous. Legs tawny ; tibia towards the tips and tarsi piceous. Eare. In the collections of Mr. Desvignes and of Mr. Stephens. (E.) 3. rufipes, Dg. i. vi. 97. 6 (1752); Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw.- frontalis, Mg. kl. ; Fb. ; \A.—jlavipes var., Fin. Nigra, thorace cano- bivitlato, lateribus Jlavo-albo notatis, alls fulvo-subcinereis, pedibus rufis, tarsomm articulis apice pedibusque posticis nigris. Long. 5-7 ; alar. 8-10 lin. Black, shining. Head with a shining pale yellow covering, clothed beneath and behind with whitish hairs. Epistoma convex, clothed with long pale yellow hairs. Palpi clothed with tawny hairs. First, second, and the base of the third joint of the antenna* clothed with black hairs. Thorax clothed with short tawny hairs, with 2 hoary stripes on the back, and with some yellowish-white shining /iHirks on each side. Wings pale grey, with a very slight tawny Huge ; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres yellow. Legs red, clothed with short tawny hairs ; tibias and tarsi armed with a few tawny spines ; tips of the joints of the tarsi and of the claws black ; hind legs black ; femora and tibiae red at the base. Generally distributed. (E.) 4. flavipes, Mg. kl. i. 257. 2 (1804) ; Fin. ; Mq.; Ztt. ; Lw.— hya- lipennis, Fb. — varipes, Mg. ; l^l^.—frontalis, Mg. ; Mq. — rufipes, Zll. ; Lw. Nigra, thorace cinereo-trivittato, alts limpidis, abdominis segmentis apice fulvis, pedibus flams nigro-variis, tarsis fulvis ; Mas. abdomine segmentis tertio et quarto basi fulvis. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 8-10 lin. Black, shining. Head clothed beneath and behind with short white hairs. Epistoma almost flat, silvery, beset with a few bristles. Palpi clothed with a few black hairs. First, second, and the base of the third joint of the antennas clothed with a few short black hairs. Thorax with 3 cinereous stripes, the middle one narrow and linear, the other 2 broad and irregular ; sides cinereous. Wings colourless ; veins black, yellow towards the base. Halteres yellow. Abdomen very slender ; hind borders of the segments tawny. Legs yellow, armed with a few yellow spines ; tarsi tawny ; tips of the claws black ; hind legs thickly clothed beneath with short pale yellow hairs ; hind femora striped with black above, with brown beneath ; hind tibia3 black, yellow at the base. Male. Third and fourth abdominal segments tawny at the base ; appendages tawny. Generally distributed. (E.) DIOCTRIA. 61 5. fuscipennis, Fin. d. s. asil. 7. 3 (1814); Zll. ; Ztt.; Lw.- atricapilla, Mg. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Lw. — atrata, Mg. — nigripesy Mg. ; Mq. — Fallenii, Mg. — rufonana, Lw. — geniculata, Mg.; 'Lw.—fuscipes, Mg. ; Mq. Nigra, capite antico utrinque ferrugineo, thoracis lateribus aureo- vittatis ; Mas. alis nigricantibus apice fuscescentibus ; 'Fern, thorace bivittato, alls fiiscescentibus. Long. 4-5-j^ ; alar. 7-10 lin. Black, shining. Head ferruginous on each side in front. Epistoma nearly flat. Palpi clothed with black hairs. First, second, and base of the third joint of the antenna? clothed with a few black hairs. Thorax with an oblique gilded stripe on each side. Veins of the wings black. Male. Head clothed behind and beneath with black hairs. Epistoma beset with 8 or 10 black bristles. Wings blackish for full half the length from the base, brownish from thence to the tips. Hal- teres huvons, tawny towards the base. Legs clothed with very short tawny hairs, armed witli black spines. Fern. Head clothed behind and beneath witli dark tawny hairs. Epistoma pale gold-colour or almost white, beset towards the peristoma with a few pale yellow bristles. Thorax clothed with very short tawny hairs, which are inter- rupted by 2 stripes. Wings broicnish, darkest towards the base. Hal- teres tawny. Hind borders of the abdominal segments lurid. Legs thickly clothed beneath with very short pale yellow hairs, armed with tawny spines. distributed. (E.) 6. Reinhardi, AVd.; M-./.w.! ii. 247. 13.pl. 19. f. 19, 24 (1820) ; Mq. ; Zll.; Lw. Nigra, thorace rinernj-bivittato, alis subcinereis ad costam et ad venas subfuscis, femoribus tibi'isque basi fulvis. Long. 6 ; alar. 10 lin. Black, shining. Head clothed beneath and behind with tawny hairs. Epistoma slightly convex, partly gilded, thickly beset with pale yellow bristles. Palpi clothed with tawny hairs. First, second, and the base of the third joint of the antennae clothed with a few black hairs. Thorax with 2 cinereous stripes; sides and metathorax partly cinereous. Wiiujs pale grey, slightly clouded with brown on the fore border and along tJie sides of the veins ; veins black, tawriy at the base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen clothed at the tip with short tawny hairs. Legs armed with tawny spines, clothed with very short tawny hairs ; femora and tibia tawny at the base. Kare. In the collection of the Entomological Club. (E.) 7. Baumhaueri, Mg. zw. ii. 245. 9 (1820); Mq. ; Lw. Nigra, thoracis lateribus pectoreque argenteis, disco cinereo nigro-bivittato, alis subcinereis, abdomine nigro-aneo, segmentorum marginibus posticis apicem versus fulvis, pedibus nifis nigro-mttatis. Long. 4-5 ; alar. 7-9 liu. Black, shining. Head clothed beneath and behind with short pale yellow haii's. Epistoma gilded, almost flat, beset with a few pale 62 ASILID^E. yellow bristles. Palpi clothed with tawny hairs. First and second joints of the antennae clothed with a few black hairs. Thorax silvery on each side and beneath ; the disc cinereous, with 2 slender black stripes. Wings very slightly grey ; veins black, slightly clouded with brown towards the base, where they are tawny. Halteres yellow. Abdomen bronze-black ; hind borders of the segments towards the tip dark tawny. Legs red, armed with tawny spines ; femora and anterior tibice striped with black ; hind tibiae black, red at the base ; tarsi black at the base of each joint. Not rare. (E.) Genus V. LEPTOGASTER. LEPTOGASTER, Mg. kl. (1804); Fin.; Mq. ; Zll.; Ztt.j Lw. Asilusy., Dg. ; Gfr. ; Fb. ; Shr. Dasypogon p., Fb. Gonypes, LI. ; Mq. Corpus medium aut minus, glabriusculum, angustum. Color cinereus, opacus. Oculi virides, unicolores. Proboscis porrecta. Antennae quinque-articulatae, stylatce ; articulus tertius longus ; quartus brevis- simus. Alee breves ; areola mediast'uialis aperta. Abdomen fragile, elongatum, sublineare. Pedes inermes, glabriusculi ; tibiae rectae. Onychia nulla. Body of middle size, slender, almost bare. Head flat, semicircular ; front contracted. Epistoma flat, furnished with a few bristles. Eyes large, green, in front nearly flat, and composed of large facets. Ocelli 3, seated on a tubercle. Proboscis short, horizontal. Labrum short, clavate. Lingua flat, narrow, pointed, as long as .the labium, beset above towards the tip with retracted hairs. Maxillae flat, narrow, linear, pointed, as long as the lingua. Palpi calvate, almost bare, probably one-jointed ; the tips beset with some short bristles. Labium tumid, excavated above, somewhat dilated in the middle, obtuse and hairy at the tip. Antenna § -jointed, porrect, stylate, approximate at the base, diverging upwards ; first and second joints short, equally long, almost cylindrical, somewhat more slender at the base, hardly bristly ; third long, clavate, compressed, bare ; fourth very short; fifth cylindrical, hairy, pointed. Thorax nearly globose, almost without bristles. Wings narrow, lanceolate, very finely pubescent, with fringed hind borders ; mediastinal areolet open. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments, bare, slender, very long. Legs slender ; hind legs long, with clavate femora and tibiae. Onychia none. Male. Abdomen cylindrical. Jem. Abdomen somewhat widened towards the tip. These flies inhabit meadows during the summer ; their move- ments are slow ; they are remarkable on account of the great length and slenderness of the abdomen. LEPTID.E. 63 1. cylindricus, Dg. i. vi. 99. 10 (1752) ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Zll. ; Ztt.; Lw. — lividus ? Gfr. — tipuloides, Fb. ; LI. ; Mg. ; Pin.— fuscus, Mg. ; Mq. Cervinus, capite subtus albo-piloso, epistomate aurato, thorace fusco-trivittato, alls subcinereis, abdomine fusco-univittato, pedibus fulvis nigro-vittatis, tibiis apice tarsisque nigris. Long. 2|— 6 ; alar. 4-7 lin. Fawn-colour. Head clothed beneath and behind with whitish hairs. Epistoma gilded, convex, beset with many pale yellow bristles towards the peristoraa. Thorax with 3 broad brown stripes, beset with 2 or 3 black and yellow bristles. Wings very slightly tinged with grey, rather more than half the length of the abdomen; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres tawny, with pale brown knobs. Abdomen striped with brown along the back, about four times the length of the thorax. Legs tawny, more or less striped with black, beset with a few yellow bristles; tips of the tibiae black; tarsi black, tawny at the base. Generally distributed. (E.) FAMILY VI. LEPTID^E. LEPTID/F, \Vt\v. elf. (1840). Leptides, Mg. ; LI. f. n. ; Mq. ; Ags. ; Ztt. Rhagionides, LI. gen. Tabanii p., Lm. Stratiomydce p., Ilfn. Aplocera p., Dmr. Leptidoides, Brm. Leptites, Nwm. Anthracides p., Fin. Rhagionidce, Lch. ; Ct. Leptina, Rdn. Proboscis et palpi porrecti. Ocelli 3. Antennae 4-articulatae, por- rectae, basi approximates, setiformes. Abdomen segmentis 7. Ocelli 3. Proboscis and palpi projecting. Antennae 4-jointed, porrect, approximate at the base ; fourth joint setiform. Alulae small. Halteres uncovered. The genera of this family may be thus divided : — • long : 3rd joint. 4th joint of the antennae conical or round : f open . . 1. LEPTIS. Anal areolet< ^closed . . 2. CHRYSOPILA. transverse . 3. ATHERIX. {short 4. PTIOLINA. long 5. SPANIA. 64 LEPTIDJE. Genus I. LEPTIS. LEPTIS, Fb. s. a. (1805); Mg. ; LI.; Fin.; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. ; Gmtl. Musca p., L.; Gm.; Slu. Nemotelusip^Dg. Rhagio p., Fb. ; Shr. ; Mg. kl. ; Pz. ; LI. Corpus majoris vel mediae magnitudinis, parum pubescens, elongatum, posterius attenuatum. Color obscurus, ferrugineus, vel cinereus. . Oculi senei aut virescentes, unicolores. Antennas arliculo tertio conico vel rotunda ; quarto longo. Areola analis aperta. Abdomen plerumque flavcscens, subpellucidum, fasciis vel punctis obscuris. Mas. Oculi conjunct!. Anus obtusus. Fcem. Oculi remoti. Anus acuminatus. Body rather narrow, tapering, grey, ferruginous or black, of large or of middle size, rarely small. Head semicircular, somewhat depressed in front ; epistoma with 2 deep furrows, which are somewhat curved downward at the base of the antennae. Eyes generally green; all the facets small. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis and palpi pro- jecting. Labrum lanceolate, stout, rather short, obliquely truncate at the tip. Lingua slender, very flexible, almost membranous, nearly as long as the labrum. Maxillae slender, acute, as long as the labrum. Palpi subfusiform, biarticulate, very large, decumbent, curved, much longer than the maxillae. Labium very thick, shcrt, cylindrical, furrowed above. Antennae 4-jointed, small, porrect, approximate, seated in the middle of the face ; first and second joints bristly ; first short, cylin- drical ; second cyathiform ; third transverse ; fourth setiform, pubescent, much longer than the 3 preceding. Thorax globose, with a scapula on each shoulder, and with a transverse suture, which is interrupted beneath ; most often with 3 or 4 darker stripes. Wings lanceolate, moderately large, finely pubescent, diverging ; anal areolet open. Alulae small, entire. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen long, obconical or tapering, pubescent, with 7 segments. Legs slender, moderately long ; tibiae armed with 2 spurs ; tarsi with 3 onychia. Male. Eyes contiguous above. Abdomen obtuse. Fern. Eyes remote. Abdomen attenuated towards the tip ; 3 apical segments tubuliform, retractile. These flies appear in summer, and dwell in meadows, hedges, thickets, and woods, and the larger and most common species may be often seen on the trunks of trees, sitting with tbeir heads downward ; they sometimes feed on smaller insects. Their larvae live in the earth, in sand, in manure, and in decayed wood. The pupa of L. scolopacea is brown, cylindrical, bare, with 1 1 segments, of which the 5 posterior are furnished with a series of little teeth. LEPTIS. 65 1. scolopacea, L. fn. 1788 (1761) ; Dg. ; Fb.; Shr. ; Gm. ; Pz. 1 fn. xiv. 9 ; Mg. ; LI. ; Fin. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. ; Gmtl. Cinerea, capite cano, antennis ferrugineis apice nigris, scapulis flavis, scutello apice fulvo, alls limpidis fusco-quadrimacidatis basi et ad costam sub- fuscis, apice et margine postico cinereis, abdomine fulvo interrupts nigro- vittato apice nigro, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris ; Mas. thorace cinereo cano-trivittato ; Foem. thorace cervino fusco-trivittato, abdomine subtus pleruraque nigro. Long. 5-6 ; alar. 10-13. Grey. Head hoary, clothed beneath and behind with white hairs ; epistoma convex. Proboscis ferruginous, clothed with tawny hairs. Palpi yellow, curved, clothed with whitish hairs. Antenna tawny ; fourth joint black. Thorax hoary ; scapula yellow, extending from the fore border to the base of the wing ; tip of the scutellum tawny. iriitgs colourless, pale brown at the base and along the fore border, grey at the tips and along the hind border ; 4 brown spots on the transverse veins ; stigma dark brown. Halteres tawny. Abdomen tawny ; an interrupted black stripe along the back ; tip black. Legs tawny ; tarsi black, dark tawny towards the base. Male. First and second joints of the antennae ferruginous. Thorax grey above, with 3 hoary stripes. Fern. Thorax fawn-colour, with 3 pale brown stripes. Abdomen beneath black, tawny towards the base and on the hind borders of the segments. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 2. tringaria, L. s. n. ii. 782 (1763); Gm. ; Fb. ; Shr.; LI. ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Lm. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Gmtl. — scolopacea var., Dg. Cinerea, capite cervino, antennis fulvis apice nigris, thorace cervino-trivittato, scutello fulvo, alls subfulvis, abdomine maculis nigris trivittato, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris ; Mas. thorace subtus cano, abdominis apice nigro ; Foem. thorace subtus cervino abdomine fulvo-fasciato apice cinereo. Long. 4-64-; alar- 10-13 lin. Grey. Head fawn-colour, clothed beneath and behind with pale yellow hairs. Proboscis tawny. Palpi yellow, curved, clothed with pale yellow hairs. Antennas tawny ; first joint ferruginous ; fourth black. Thorax with 3 fawn-coloured stripes. Scutellum tawny, shining, darker towards the base. Wings pale tawny ; veins black, tawny towards the base and along the fore border. Halteres yellow. Abdomen with 3 rows of black spots , clothed with short black hairs. Legs tawny, clothed with very short black hairs ; tarsi black, tawny towards the base. Male. Thorax hoaiy beneath. Tip of the abdomen black. Fem. Thorax pale fawn-colour beneath. Spots of the abdo- men more variable and often less distinct than those of the male ; four last segments grey, with tawny hind borders, much attenuated. Generally distributed. (E. S. L) 3. vanellus, Fb. s. a. 76. 3 (1805); Fin.; Mg.; Ztt. Cinereo-cervina, antennis nigris fulvo-cinctis, thorace flavo-bivittato, scapulis scutelloque VOL. i. K 06 LEPTIDjE. fulvis, alis subcinereis ad costam fulvis, abdomine fusco fulvo-fasciato, pedibus fulvis, tarsis fuscis. Long. 4^-5 ; alar. 11-12 lin. Greyish fawn-colour. Head clothed beneath with pale yellow hairs. Proboscis tawny. Palpi yellow, clothed with long pale yellow hairs. Antennae black; third joint tawny. Thorax with 2 slender yellow stripes ; scapulae and scutellum tawny ; underside hoary. Wings pale grey, tawny along the fore border. Halteres tawny. Abdomen brown ; hind borders of the segments tawny. Legs tawny ; tarsi, tips of the hind femora and of the hind tibia? brown ; spines of the hind tibiae red. Rare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. (E.) 4. notata, Giirtl ; Mg. zw. ii. 95. 11 (lS2U).—Heyskami, Ct. ! 1). e. xvi. 705. Cinerea, antennis nigris, thorace fusco-quadrivittato subtus cano, alis subcinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, abdomine nigro lateribus basi fulvis, pedibus nigris, femoribus anterioribus apice fulvis, tibiis fulvis apice nigris. Long. 4 ; alar. 10 lin. Grey. Head cinereous, clothed beneath and behind with whitish hairs ; epistoma slightly convex. Proboscis black. Antennae black. Thorax with 4 brown stripes, the inner pair hardly divided ; underside and scutellum hoary. Wings pale grey, tawny at the base and along the fore border ; stigma dark brown ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen black, tawny on each side towards the base. Legs black ; tips of the anterior femora tawny ; tibiae tawny, black towards the tips. Rare. (E. S.) In the collection of the Entomological Club. 5. strigosa, Mg. kl. i. 299. 3 (1804); Mq. ; Be.; Gmtl. Cana, antennis ferrugineis apice nigris, thorace fusco-trivittato, scu- tello apice fulvo, alis limpidis basi et ad costam subfulvis, apice et mar- gine postico fuscis, venis transversis fusco-nebulosis, abdomine fulvo maculis nigris trigonis vittato subtus nigro, pedibus fulvis, tarsis nigris. Long. 4 ; alar. 9 lin. Hoary. Head clothed beneath and behind with white hairs ; crown cinereous ; epistoma slightly convex. Proboscis black. Palpi dark tawny, clothed with black hairs. Antennae ferruginous ; third joint tawny ; fourth black. Thorax with 3 brown stripes ; tip of the scu- tellum tawny. Wings colourless, pale brown at the base and along the fore border ; brown towards the tips and along the hind border ; stigma dark brown ; transverse veins clouded with brown ; veins black, tawny at the base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen tawny ; a large black triangular spot on each segment ; underside black, tawny towards the base. Not rare. (E.) 6. lineola, Fb. e. s. iv. 275. 17 (1792) ; Fin. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Rtz. ; Ztt. ; Egb. — albifrons, Mg. Cinerea, capite subtus albo, antennis nigris, thorace subtus cano, scutello fulvo, alis limpidis, abdomine CHRYSOPILA. 67 fulvo maculis trigonis nigris vittato apice nigro, femoribus flavis apice fuscis, tibiis fulvis apice nigris, tarsis nigris. Long. 2^-3-i- ; alar. 6-8 lin. Grey. Head white, clothed beneath and behind with white hairs ; epistoma convex. Proboscis black. Palpi black, clothed with white hairs. Antennae black. Thorax hoary beneath; scutellum tawny. Wings colourless ; stigma large, dark brown ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres tawny. Abdomen tawny, black towards the tip ; a large triangular black spot on the back of each segment. Coxae hoary, femora yellow, with brown tips ; tibia3 dark tawny, with black tips ; tarsi black. Generally distributed. (E. S. I.) 7. inutilis, Wlk. c. d. b. in. i. 213 (1848). Fulva, thorace fusco vittis tribus pallidis, pectore cano, alis fulvo-subcinereis, ventre piceo bivittato ; Mas. abdomine maculis piceis vittato. Long. 3 ; alar. 6 lin. Tawny. Thorax pale dull brown, with 3 paler stripes ; breast hoary. Wings slightly grey, with a tawny tinge along the fore borders ; wing- ribs and veins ferruginous ; no stigmata. Halteres tawny. Abdomen piceous at the tip and with 2 piceous stripes beneath. Tarsi ferruginous. Male. Abdomen with a small piceous spot on each segment. Fern. Thorax paler than that of the male. Hare. In the British Museum. (E.) Genus II. CHRYSOPILA. CHRYSOPILA, Mq. d. n. (1827); Ztt. d. s. Musca p., L. ; Fb. sp. ; Gf. ; Gml. ; Slir. in. ; Dnv. Bibio p., Shr. fn. Sty rex, Spl. Rhagio p., Fb. ; Mg. kl. ; LI. ; Shr. fn. Atherix p., Fb. Leptis p., Mg. ; Fin. ; Ct. ; Ztt. i. 1. Corpus mediae magnitudinis, tenuiter flavo- vel aureo-tomentosum, elongatum, posterius attenuatum. Color niger, cinereus, flavescens. Oculi aenei, unicolores. Antenna articulo tertio conico vel rotundo ; quarto longo. Areola analis clausa. Pedes graciles. Mas. Oculi conjuncti. Anus obtusus. Teem. Oculi remoti. Anus acuminatus. Body slender, of middle or rather small size, black, grey, or tawny, attenuated towards the tip of the abdomen. Head transverse, broad, half elliptical. Epistoma convex. Ocelli 3, seated on a tubercle. Proboscis short. Labrum rather long, hollow, broad, rounded at the tip. Lingua nearly as long as the labrum, but narrower, thickened or reflexed on each side, obtuse at the tip. Maxillae sty late, slightly curved, nearly as long as the lingua. Palpi exserted, cylindrical, stout, 68 LEPTID.E. clavate, bristly, recurved, longer than the maxillae. Labium short, thick, composed of 2 large oval lobes with a few hairs or quite bare. Antenna inserted near the middle of the face, porrect, ap- proximate, compressed ; first joint cyathiform ; second transverse, much shorter than the first ; third short, conical ; fourth setiform, long, pubescent, seated on the tip of the third. Thorax ovate-qua- drate ; scutellum semiorbicular. Wings ample, diverging ; anal areolet closed. Alulae small. Halteres long. Legs long and slender, espe- cially the hind pair; tibia3 longer than the femora, with 2 distinct spurs at the tips of the middle pair, and with 2 minute spurs on the hind pair. Male. Eyes large, contiguous, composed above of large facets. Abdomen rather short and slender. Fern. Eyes smaller, remote ; all the facets small. Abdomen stout, obconical, with a tubuliform tip. Moist meadows, marshes, and the leaves of shrubs are the habitation of these insects. 1. holosericea, Spl. e. c. 998 (1763).— aurata, Fb. ; Mg. ; Mq. — atrata, Fb. (mas) ; Gml. (mas) ; LI. ; Tin. ; Ztt. ; — tomentosa, Fb. (foem.*) — cingulata, Dnv.! 465. fig. Antennis nigris, alls subfuscis, pedi- bus fulvis. Mas. Atra, aureo-pilosa, pectore cinereo, femoribus nigris. Fcem. Cinerea, thorace fusco-trivittato, femoribus fuscis. Long. 3-5 ; alar. 6-8 lin. Proboscis, palpi, and antennae black ; palpi clothed with black hairs. Wings slightly tinged with broicn ; veins black, pale brown towards the base ; stigma dark brown. Legs tawny, clothed with very short dark tawny hairs. Male. Deep black, thinly clothed with gilded hairs. Thorax dark grey beneath. Halteres black. Tarsi towards the tips and femora black. Fern. Cinereous, thickly clothed with hairs. Thorax with 3 brown stripes, the middle one very slender. Wings often paler than those of the male. Halteres tawny, with black knobs. Femora brown, clothed with gilded hairs ; tips of the tarsi brown. Generally distributed. (E. 8. 1.) 2. aurea, Mg. kl..i. 302. 9 (1803).— diadema, Fb.; Mg.; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Ct. ! b. e. 713. — longipes, Gf. — tipuliformis, Shr. Cinerea, aureo- pilosa, capite cano subtus albo-piloso, antennis nigris, pectore cano, alis limpidis, pedibus fulvis ; Fcem. abdominefulvo-bivittato, apicefulvo- trifasciato. Long. 2-3 ; alar. 4-6 lin. Cinereous, clothed with gilded hairs. Head hoary, clothed beneath and behind with white hairs. Proboscis yellow. Palpi dark tawny with brown tips, clothed with white hairs. Antennae black. Thorax hoary beneath. Wings colourless; veins black, yellow towards the base. Halteres yellow. Legs tawny ; tarsi brown towards the tips. Male. Stigma brown. Halteres with brown knobs. Fern. Stigma pale brown or tawny. Knobs of the halteres pale brown. Abdomen ATHERIX. 69 with a tawny stripe along each side ; 3 last segments attenuated, with tawny hind borders. Generally distributed. (E.) Genus III. ATHERIX. ATHERIX, Mg. kl. (1804); Fb. ; LI. ; Mq. Musca p., Gm. ; Fb. sp. ; Mq. Rhagio p., Fb. ; Mg. Leptis p., Fb. Anthrax p., Fb. ; Mg. kl. Corpus mediae magnitudinis, subpubescens, elongatum, postice attenu- atum. Color obscurus. Oculi rufo-fusci vel virides, pamin a3iieo-mi- cantes, unicolores. Antennae articulo tertio transverso ; quarto longo. Mas. Oculi conjunct!. Foem. Oculi remoti. Body of middle size, downy, nearly obconical. Head transverse, semicircular, somewhat depressed in front. Epistoma not prominent. Eyes large, green. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis porrect, not so long as the head. Labrum small, robust, flat, pointed, as long as the labium. Lingua slender, subulate, very acute, nearly as long as the labrum. Maxilla? small, rather broad, attenuated, acute, somewhat shorter than the labium, seated beneath the labrum. Palpi much longer than the maxillae, biarticulate, porrect, hairy, curved downward, subcyliudrical ; first joint short ; second more than twice the length of the first. Labium thick, subnu-mbranaceous, haiiy, longer than the palpi, tumid beneath, channelled above. Antennae porrect, approxi- mate, much shorter than the head ; first joint cylindrical ; second cya- thiform ; third transverse., flat, oval, larger than the second ; fourth long, setiform, bare, seated on the third near the tip. Thorax a little broader than the head, with a scapula on each shoulder, and with a transverse suture on the back; hind angles slightly tuberculated. Wings diverging, finely pubescent. Alulae entire. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen hairy, with 7 segments. Legs rather long; tibiae armed with slender spurs. Male. Eyes almost contiguous ; facets above a little larger than those in front. Abdomen almost obconical. Hind legs robust. Fern. Eyes more remote ; all the facets small. Abdomen broader and more flat. These flies inhabit fields and woods, and are slow in their movements. 1. Ibis, Fb. e. s. iv. 556 (1792); Mg.; Ct. ! b. e. i. 26; Mq. ; Gr. ; Lw. ; Gmtl. — maculata, Mg. kl. ; LI. — Titanus, Fb. (fcem.) ; Mg. kl. Cinerea, thorace fusco-trivittato, alis limpidis fusco confertim maculatis ad costam obscurioribus, pedibus fulvis ; Mas. capite subtus cauo, antennis nigris, abdomine fulvo maculis nigris trivittato basi nigro apice nigro-bifasciato, femoribus anticis basi nigris ; Foem. capite 70 LEPTID.E. fulvo, antennis ferrugineis, abdomine cinereo maculis trigonis nigris univittato apice fulvo. femoribus anticis fuscovittatis. Long. 3-^—5 ; alar. 8-11 lin. Cinereous. Epistoma slightly convex. Proboscis black, with a cinereous covering, clothed with short black hairs. Palpi black, clothed with long black hairs. Thorax with 3 brown stripes, thinly clothed with tawny hairs. Wings colourless, with many large irregular brown spots, which are darker and more confluent towards the fore border ; veins black. Halteres tawny, with brown knobs. Legs tawny, clothed with short black hairs. Femora clothed with tawny hairs ; tarsi black towards the tips. Male. Head clothed with black hairs, hoary and clothed with whitish hairs beneath. Antenna? black, cinereous at the base. Abdomen tawny, clothed with tawny hairs, black at the base ; 3 rows of black spots along the back ; spots in the middle row large, triangular ; 2 black bands near the tip ; underside with 3 black spots and 2 black blands. Anterior femora black towards the base. Fern. Head pale yellow, clothed with pale yellow hairs beneath. Antenna ferruginous, cinereous at the base. Abdomen cinereous ; a transverse black spot on the fore border of every segment whose hind border is tawny. Fore femora striped with brown towards the base. Generally distributed. (E. S.) The female of this fly is gregarious, and attaches its eggs in large clusters to boughs hanging over streams, and there re- mains, and shortly dies. The cluster is generally pear-shaped, and sometimes contains many thousands of dead flies, and con- tinually receives accessions by new comers settling upon it. When the larva is hatched it falls into the water, its future residence ; it has a forked tail about one-third of the length of the body, and has the power of raising itself in the water by an incessant undulating motion in a Vertical plane. 2. marginata, Fb. s. i. ii. 413. 6 (1781); Gml. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Zw. ; Ztt. ; Gmtl. Cinerea, antennis nigris, alls fuscis ad costam obscurioribus disco maculatis, abdominis segmentis cano-fascia-tis, pedi- bus nigris. Long. 4 ; alar. 8 lin. Grey, clothed with black hairs. Epistoma slightly convex. Pro- boscis and palpi black, the latter clothed with long black hairs. An- tenna3 black. Wings dark brown along two-thirds of the fore border, pale brown at the tips and along the hind border ; some almost colourless spots in the disc; veins black. Halteres tawny, with black knobs. Hind borders of the abdominal segments hoary. Legs black, clothed with very short black hairs. Eare. (E.) 3. crassicornis, Hms. ; Pz. ! fn. cv. 10 ; LI. ; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. — griseola, Fin. Cinerea, subtus cana, antennis ferrugineis apice nigris, PTIOLINA. 71 t Horace bivittato, alls limpidis basi et ad costam fulvis, pedibus nigris, genubus fulvis. Long. 3 ; alar. 7 lin. Cinereous. Head hoary in front and beneath, clothed with pale yellow hairs. Epistonia flat, broad. Proboscis black, clothed with a few tawny hairs. Palpi cinereous, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Antennae ferruginous, black towards the tips. Thorax with 2 darker stripes; underside hoary. Wings colourless, tawny at the base and along the fore border -, stigma pale brown ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres tawny, with darker knobs. Legs black ; knees tawny. Rare. (S.) Genus IV. PTIOLINA. PTIOLINA, Staeger; Ztt. d. s. i. 226 (1842). Leptis p., Fin.; Ztt. Atlier'ucTp., Mg. Corpus minoris magnitudinis, subpubescens, oblongum, postice parum attenuatuin. Color niger, cinerascens. Oculi fusci, parum seneo- micantes. Aidrnnce articulo quarto brevi. Alas abdomine paullo longiores. Mas. Oculi conjunct!. Fcem. Oculi renioti. Body of small size, slightly pubescent, oblong, cinereous or black ; hinder part not much attenuated. Eyes slightly metallic; facets of moderate size. Ocelli seated on a tubercle. Fourth joint of the an- ti'iuHe short. Wings a little longer than the abdomen. Male. Eyes contiguous. Fein. Eyes remote. These flies inhabit fields and woods during the summer, and often rest on leaves and trunks of trees; their movements are slow. 1. melsena, Hms. ; Mg. ii. 109. 6 (1820). Alls fuscis. Mas. Atra, thorace subvittato subtus cinereo, abdomine subtus fusco. Fcem. Cinerea, capite ferrugineo, thorace nigro-bivittato, pedibus fuscis. Long. 1-j ; alar. 4 lin. Wings brown. Male. Deep black, thinly clothed with short black hairs. Thorax grey beneath. Stigma dark brown ; veins black. Hal- teres large, dark brown. Abdomen beneath brown. Fern. Dark ci- nereous. Head ferruginous. Thorax with 2 indistinct black stripes. Halteres dark tawny, with brown knobs. Legs brown. Rare. (E. S.) 2. immaculata, Fb. s. a. 74. 10 (1805); Mg. Cinerea, capite cano, alls subcinereis, pedibus nigris, tibiis basi fulvis, tibiis anticis pal- lidioribus ; Mas. thorace subvittato ; Fcem. subtus cana, thorace fusco- trivittato. Long. !-£— 2 ; alar. 3-4 lin. 72 BOMBYLID/E. &rey. Head hoary and clothed with white hairs beneath. Proboscis and palpi black. Palpi clothed with whitish hairs. Antennae black. Wings very pale grey ; stigma pale brown ; veins black, tawny at the base. Abdomen clothed with short black hairs. Legs black ; tibiae dark tawny towards the base ; fore tibiae paler. Male. Thorax indis- tinctly striped. Halteres yellow. Fern. Paler than the male. Thorax with 3 brown stripes, hoary beneath. Halteres tawny. Common in Darenth wood, Kent. (E.) Genus V. SPANIA. SPANIA, Mg. zw. vi. 335 (1830) ; Hal. ; Mq. Corpus parvum, nigrum. Proboscis exserta. Palpi longi, lincares. Antennae stylatae ; articulus tertius longus ; quartus indistinctus vel ob- soletus. Halteres longissimi, clavati. Mas. Oculi contigui. Antennae articulo tertio stylato. Fcem. Oculi remoti. Antennae articulo tertio lineari, basi crasso. Body small, black, rather dull. Proboscis prominent. Palpi exserted, long, linear. Antenna stylate, longer than the head ; first joint short ; second very short ; third long ; fourth indistinct or obsolete. Halteres clavate, very long. Abdomen tapering from the base to the tip. Legs rather short. Male. Eyes contiguous. Third joint of the antennae stylate. Fern. Eyes remote. Third joint of the antennae linear, thick at the base. 1. nigra, Mg.! zw. vi. 335. 1. pi. 66. f. 12 (1830) ; ^.—lallenii (fcem.), Hal. e. m. i. 162. Atra, subtus cinerea, alis nigricantibus, abdomine nigro-fusco, pedibns piceis. Long. 2 ; alar. 5 lin. Male, Black, grey beneath, clothed with short black hairs. Wings blackish. Halteres, abdomen, and legs piceous. Bare; frequents woods. "In moist places of open groves, hovering about and alighting on leaves of evergreens. North of Ireland and Wicklow/^— .flb&fcw, MSS. (E. I.) FAMILY VII. BOMBYLID^. BOMBYLIAEII p. et Tabanii p., Lm. Bombyliarii, Anthracii, et Myda- sii (quoad Thereto), LI. gen. Tanystoma p., LI. r. a. Anthracina p., Rfn. Sclerostoma p. et Aplocera p., Dmr. Bombyliarii et Anthra- tides, Fin. ; Ztt. Bombylida, Anthracidcey et Mydasydae (quoad The- THERE VA. reva), Lch. Bombyliarii et Xylotoma, Mg. ; Mq. d. e. ; Ags. ; Lw. Bombylica, Brm. Bom&yKites, Anthracites, et Therevites, Nwm. Bombylid(Ky Anthracidte, et TkerevidtK, Ct. ; Wtw. Bombyliarii, Anthrarii, et Xylotomee, Mq. d. Hornbyl'infc, Anthraciiifp., et There- mnce, Edn. t'aput rotundatum aut subtransversum. Frons et vertex 11011 impressa. Antennae 4-articulatic ; articulus quartus apicalis. Alse divaricates. Pedes tenues. Body hairy, rather narrow, of moderate breadth, or broad. Head subtrausverse or rounded. ( ro\\ n and front not impressed. Ocelli 3. Antenna' .'3- or 4 -jointed ; fourth joint apical, very short. Wings half- dcllcxcd. Haltcrc.s uncovered. Abdomen with 7 segments. Legs slender. The genera may be thus divided : — ( of moderate length Wings ( short -. I long: Proboscis remote Antennae at the base< approximate long : f long . First joint of the antennse< i. short . 1. THEREVA. 2. ANTHRAX. 3. LOMATIA. 4. BOMBYLIUS. 5. PHTHIRIA. Genus I. THEREVA. THEREVA, LI. g. c. iv. (1809) ; Mi^. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. Musca p., L. ; Gm. Nemotelus p., Dg. Tabanus p. ? Gf. Bibio p., Fb. ; Mg. kl. ; Fin. ; Pz. Mydas p., Lm. Corpus majoris vel mediae magnitudinis, cylindrico-conicum, sat angus- tum, villosum. Color cinerascens, obscurus, pictura abdominis fas- ciata. Caput subtransversum. Oculi nudi, virescentes, unicolores. Ocelli 3. Proboscis occulta. Antennae porrectae, 5-articulatae, basi approximatae. Alee mediocre^, semideflexcc. Abdomen obconicum. Mas. Oculi contigui. Fcem. Oculi remoti. Body cylindric-conical, of moderate or rather large size, clothed with brown, tawny, or white hairs. Eyes green. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis withdrawn into the peristoma when at rest. Labrum small, flat, as long as the labium. Lingua small, acute, channelled above. Maxillae small, acute, somewhat shorter than the labrum. Palpi cy- lindrical, one-jointed, hairy on the outside, with a knob at the tip, somewhat longer than the labrum. Labium tumid beneath, chan- nelled above. Antennae 5 -jointed, porrect, as long as the head, VOL. i. L 74 BOMBYLID.E. closely approximate at the base, diverging towards the tips ; first and second joints bristly ; first cylindrical, moderately long ; second cya- thiform, very short ; third conical, bare, somewhat longer than the first ; fourth and fifth extremely small. Thorax oval, hairy, with bristles intermixed, generally with 3 darker stripes ; no transverse suture ; scutellum semicircular. Wings lanceolate, of moderate length, half- deflexed, very finely pubescent ; longitudinal veins almost straight. Alula) entire, very small. Halteres uncovered. Abdomen obconical, finely pubescent. Legs bristly, rather slender ; tips of the tibia? armed with spines. Male. Head almost semicircular. Eyes contiguous. Fern. Head spheroidal. Eyes more or less parted. The Thereva often settle on the ground in sandy spots, and in- habit the leaves of shrubs, the trunks of trees, and flowers ; and sometimes prey on other insects. They are not rare, but never very numerous; their flight is sudden, short, and very swift; the males also sometimes dance together in the air. The larvae are vermiform, with twenty segments, and live in the earth. The pupae are bare, pale, nearly cylindrical, with many segments, hardly furnished with bristles, armed in front with 2 subulate little horns, and have been found under stones in sandy plains. The sexes differ in the colour of the pubescence. 1. bipunctata, Mg. zw. ii. 121. 9 (1820) ; Ztt. ; Lw. Mas. Nigri- canSijlavido-cinereo-tomentosa., abdominis segmentis secundo et sequentibus flavo-marginatis obscure flavido-cinereo-fasciatis, fasciis latis non bene determinatis, alis hyalinis stigmate fusco. Fcem. Cinerascens, frontis maculis duabus nigris nitidis, thoracis vittis tribus dorsalibus fusco-cine- reis, abdominis segmentis cinereo-fasciatis, apicem versus pilis pallidis mi- nutis. Long. 4-4£ ; alar. 7-8 lin. Black. Body with a tawny covering, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Head with a few black hairs behind the eyes and on the crown. First and second joints of the antennae clothed with tawny hairs, beset with black bristles. Thorax hoary beneath. Wings pale grey, tinged with brown at the base, and beneath the fore border, and along the borders of the veins ; veins black, tawny towards the base and along the hind border. Halteres tawny. Abdomen cinereous beneath. Legs beset with black bristles ; femora clothed with tawny hairs ; tibiae tawny, with black tips ; first and second joints of the hind tarsi tawny, with black tips ; third joint of the hind tarsi and first joint of the anterior tarsi tawny at the base. Male. Epistoma with a few black hairs on each side. Halteres with black knobs. Abdomen gilded on the Jdnd borders of the segments ; a few black hairs at the tip. Fern. Head clothed with yellow hairs, whitish beneath ; 2 black shining united spots on the crown. Thorax with two pale tawny stripes. Wings a little THEREVA. 75 paler than those of the male. Knobs of the halteres brown towards the base. Abdomen gilded above, thinly clothed with tawny hairs ; fore borders of the segments black ; tip black, shining, armed with short tawny spines. Not rare. (E.) 2. fulva, Mg. kl. i. 215. 5 (1804); Mq. ; Lw. Mas. Fulvo- tomentosa, abdomine immaculate, pilis nigris ante incisuras null-is . Foem. Breviter fulvo-tomentosa, abdomine immaculato, segmentis septimo et octavo atri* nifidis. Long. 5^ ; alar. 10 lin. Fern. Body clotJo-d n-ith bright taicny hairs. Head tawny, beset with a few black bristles behind and above the antenna?, having in front of the crown a shining black band whose fore border is notched. Mouth ferruginous. Antenna) grey ; first and second joints beset with black bristles. Thorax dark fawn-colour ; scutellum paler. Wings pale grey, slightly tinged with pale brown along the borders of the veins, and with tawny along the fore border. Halteres tawny. Abdo- men tawny; hind borders of the third and following segments black, shining ; underside grey, ferruginous and shining at the tip ; hind borders of the segments yellow. Legs tawny, beset with black bristles ; femora grey, clothed with tawny hairs ; tips of the tibia? and of the tarsi black. Rare. In Mr. Stephens's collection. (E.) 3. cincta, Mg. zw. ii. 117. 2 (1820). Nigra, alts subcinereis, abdomine maculi* trigottix ccrvinis bivittato, tibiis fill vis, tarsis basifulvis ; Mas. abdomini* xt'ijmentorum marginibns posticis auratis ; Foem.thorace cervino cinereo-triv-itlato, scutello cinereo-maculato, abdominis segmento- niHi iiiarginibux po&ticis fidvis. Long. 4-6; alar. 7-11 lin. Black, clothed with tawny hairs. Head whitish, clothed with yellow hairs ; hind part, crown, and sides of the epistoma clothed with black hairs. First and second joints of the antennae clothed with black hairs. Sides and hind part of the thorax beset with some black bristles. Wings pale grey ; veins black, tawny at the base and along the fore border. Halteres tawny, with black knobs. Abdomen with a fawn-coloured spot on each side of every segment. Legs black, beset with black bristles ; femora clothed with tawny hairs ; tibia3 tawny, with black tips ; first and second joints of the tarsi tawny at the base ; onychia tawny. Male. Hind borders of the abdominal segments gilded. Fern. Two black shining united spots on the crown. Thorax fawn-colour, with 3 grey stripes ; a grey spot on the scutellum. Hind borders of the abdominal segments fawn-colour. Not rare. (E.) 4. funebris, Mg. zw. ii. 121. 8 (1820).— lugubris, Mg. kl. Ni- gra, Jlavo-hirta, alls limpidis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus fuscis. Long. 3i ; alar. 6 lin. Male. Black, clothed with long yellow hairs. Head clothed with 76 BOMBYLID^. black hairs above the antenna, and with pale yellow hairs below. Wings colourless ; veins black, tawny towards the base. Halteres tawny, with black knobs. Leys tawny, beset with black bristles ; femora, fore tarsi, hinder tarsi towards the tips, and tips of hind tarsi brown. Rare. In Mr. Stephens' s collection. 5. plebeia, L. fn. 1779 (1761); Fb. ; LI. ; Mg. ; Ztt.—fasciata, Dg. ; Mg. kl. — strigata, Fb. — rustica, Tin. Nigra, antennis articulo tertio lasi ferrugineo, alls subcinereis basi et ad costam fulvis, abdominis segmentorum marginibus posticis auratis, pedibus fulvis, femoribus nigris. Long. 4-^ ; alar. 8 lin. Black, thickly clothed with tawny hairs. Head clothed beneath with yellow hairs, on the crown and on each side of the epistoma with black hairs. Proboscis ferruginous. First and second joints of the antenna? clothed with tawny hairs, beset \\ith black bristles ; third joint ferru- ginous at the base. Jf'inys very pale grey, tawny at the base and along the fore border. Halteres tawny ; knobs ferruginous, with a black ring at the base. Hind borders of the abdominal segments gilded. Legs tawny, beset with black bristles ; femora black, clothed with pale tawny hairs ; tips of the tarsi black. Not rare. (E.S.I.) 6. annulata, Fb. s. a. 68. 11 (1805); Fin.; Mg. ; Mq. ; Ztt. ; Lw. — anilis, Fb. s. i. ; Shr. ; Mg. kl. ; LI. Mas. Undique niveo- tomentosus. Fcem. Albicans, fronte antice nivea postice fusca, alis albidis, abdomine nigro-annulato. Long. 4 ; alar. 8 lin. Body hoary. Head silvery white ; a few black bristles behind the eyes. Proboscis and antenna? black ; first and second joints of the antennas clothed with white hairs and with a few black bristles. Wings whitish ; veins black, tawny towards the base and along the fore border. Halteres tawny. Legs black, beset with black bristles ; femora hoary, clothed with white hairs; tibia? tawny. Male. Body thickly clothed with white hairs. Knobs of the halteres yellow, with a black ring at the base. . Metatarsus tawny, with a black tip ; second joint tawny towards the base. Fern. Crown cinereous. Thorax clothed with cinereous hairs. Knobs of the halteres tawny. Abdomen clothed with hoary hairs. Metatarsus tawny at the base. Not rare. It has much resemblance to T. anilis, L., which is distinguished from it and from the preceding species by the open fourth posterior areolet. (E. S. I.) Genus II. ANTHRAX. ANTHRAX, Mg. zw. ii. 141(1820); LI.; Wdm. ; Fin.; Ztt. Musca p., L. ; Gm. ; Hbst. Asihis p., L. Nemolelus p., Dg. Bibio p., ANTHRAX. 77 Fb. ; Shr. Anthrax p., Fb. ; Pz. ; Mg. kl. Anthrax et Exopro- sopa, Mq. Caput magnum, obtuse ovatum, subdepressum, hirsutum. Color niger, hirsutie nigra vel flava. Alee longce. Proboscis brevis. An- tenna basi remote. Ma*. Oculi approximate Anus obtusus. Fcem. Oculi magis remoti. Anus acutior. Body large or of middle size, of moderate breadth, black, sometimes partly red, clothed with various-coloured hairs and down. Head globose, somewhat contracted behind ; epistoma bearded. Eyes reni- fonn, green. Ocelli 3, on the crown. Proboscis eitJier quite icitlidrawn into the perixtoma, or porrtct inclined upward and as long as the head. Labnnn small, acute, channelled beneath, as long as the labium. Lingua M-nt'onn, still', acute, somewhat shorter than the labrum. Maxilla1 setit'orm, stiff, acute, somewhat shorter than the lingua. Palpi short, cylindrical, hairy. Labium cylindrical, channelled above. Antennce 4- or ~)-j<>i/tt><