UNIVERSITY OF

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University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

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1986 Insect Pest Management Guide
LIVESTOCK and LIVESTOCfOL'^™§coPY.

BUILDINGS -CULTURE UBRAR

CONTENTS

Beef Cattle and Nonlactating

Dairy Cattle 2

Lactating Dairy Cattle 8

11

Hogs
Sheep

12

/

Successful pest management is an essential part of effi-
cient and profitable livestock production. Although pest-
related losses are often inconspicuous, flies, lice, mites,
and ticks can cause significant reductions in meat, milk,
wool, and egg production. Several livestock pests also
transmit important diseases.

Effective management of livestock pests should in-
clude the use of cultural, mechanical, and biological
control tactics as well as the application of chemical
insecticides. Insecticides should be viewed as supple-
ments to, not replacements for, sanitation and sound
cultural practices. Used properly, insecticides efficiently
reduce pest populations without injuring livestock or
threatening the safety of the pesticide applicator or the
ultimate consumer of animal products.

This publication provides recommendations for safe
and effective use of livestock insecticides. It is revised
annually; always use the current year's issue. Registration
changes that occur between revisions will be announced
to appropriate media sources and county extension
offices. If you have questions about the use of insecticides
for livestock insect management, consult your county
extension adviser.

Selection of the insecticides listed on the following
pages was based on EPA registrations and on efficacy
data reported by entomologists of the University of
Illinois College of Agriculture, the Illinois Natural His-
tory Survey, and other midwestern universities. If listed
insecticides fail to provide pest control, please contact
your county extension adviser or the Entomology Ex-
tension office at the University of Illinois.

Additional sources of information. In the tables,
leaflets outlining the life history, biology, and habits of
livestock pests are indicated by the letters "NHE" and

Goats 13

Poultry 13

Horses 14

Fly Control in Livestock

Buildings and Feedlots 16

the leaflet number. Request these leaflets at your county
extension office or from Entomology Extension, 172
Natural Resources Building, 607 East Peabody Drive,
Champaign, Illinois 61820. Additional pest management
publications available from the Office of Agricultural
Publications (47 Mumford Hall, 1301 West Gregory
Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801) include Circular 899,
1986 Insect Pest Management Guide: Field and Forage Crops;
Circular 900, 1986 Insect Pest Management Guide: Home,
Yard, and Garden; Circular 925, Insect Pests of Cattle;
Circular 897, 1986 Insect Pest Management Guide: Com-
mercial Vegetable Crops and Greenhouse Vegetables; and
Circular 1136, Alfalfa Weevil Pest Management Program.

Using livestock insecticides. The pesticide user is
always responsible for the results of insecticide appli-
cations to his livestock and crops, as well as for problems
of pesticide drift and contamination. All users should
observe the following rules.

• Read the label and follow directions and safety pre-
cautions. Be sure that the insecticide is specifically
labeled for the pest and animal in question and the
application method planned. THE LABEL IS THE
LAW.

• Use face masks or respirators and protective clothing
during spraying. Avoid breathing spray mist or dust.

• If pesticides are spilled on the skin or clothing, wash
thoroughly with soap and water and change clothes.

• Do not eat, drink, or smoke when handling pesticides.

• Provide adequate ventilation when applying pesticides.

• Do not exceed registered rates of application. Im-
proper or excessive applications can endanger livestock
and result in illegal residues in meat and milk.

• Obey the preslaughter interval listed on the label.

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE
In cooperation with ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY CIRCULAR 898 (revised annually) October 1985

Prepared by Richard A. Weinzlerl, Extension Entomologist

• Avoid drift to adjacent cropland, yards, woodlots, lakes,
or ponds. Some materials may injure or kill fish,
wildlife, and crops.

• Do not treat animals that are sick, overheated, or
stressed from shipping, dehorning, castration, recent
weaning, and other causes.

• Avoid contamination of feed, mangers, water, milk,
and milking equipment.

• Do not spread treated manure on crops that are not
listed on the pesticide label.

• Accurately record all pesticide usage. Include the
pesticide's trade name, formulation, dilution, applica-
tion rate, and date of treatment.

• Store pesticides in their original, labeled containers,
safely locked away from children, pets, and livestock.

• Dispose of empty pesticide containers promptly and
properly according to specified recommendations. Do
not breathe smoke from burning containers.

• Contact a physician at once in all cases of suspected
poisoning. Symptoms of organophosphate poisoning
include blurred vision, abdominal cramps, and tight-
ness in the chest.

Poison Resource Centers. The Poison Resource
Centers listed below have been established to provide
information about the treatment of poisoning cases.
Anyone with a poisoning emergency can call the toll-
free telephone number for help. Personnel at the Re-
source Center will provide first-aid information and
refer callers to local treatment centers if necessary.

NOTE: The information in the following tables is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial
products or trade names does not constitute an endorsement by the University of Illinois and does not imply
discrimination against other similar products. Trade names are presented for reasons of clarity only. The reader
is urged to exercise the usual caution in making purchases or evaluating product information.

Poison Resource Centers supplement, but do not
replace, local emergency medical services. Do not delay
calling local emergency medical personnel to request
immediate assistance or transportation. If possible, have
the pesticide container and label present when you call
or reach a treatment center or hospital.

Chicago and northeast Illinois

1753 West Congress Parkway
Chicago, Illinois 60612
Telephone: 800-942-5969

Northern and central Illinois
530 N.E. Glen Oak
Peoria, Illinois 61603
Telephone: 800-322-5330

Central and southern Illinois
800 East Carpenter
Springfield, Illinois 62702
Telephone: 800-252-2022

Preventing livestock poisoning. Every year livestock
animals die after consuming pesticide granules, wettable
powders, or dusts that have been spilled on trucks,
wagons, or soil surfaces. Animals consume the pesticide
alone or with feed grains or forage placed on the
contaminated surface. Prevent livestock poisoning by
properly containing and disposing of spilled pesticides
and by storing all pesticides in locked facilities that are
inaccessible to domestic and wild animals, as well as to
children.

Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle

Pest

Treatment
method

Insecticide and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

LICE

(NHE 18)

V\e to Vs inch long.
Biting lice are red-
dish, flattened, and
active. Sucking lice
are gray to blue
and sluggish.
Heavy populations
cause poor growth,
general unthrifti-
ness, and anemia.
Symptoms are
rough, patchy hair
coats and a dirty
appearance. Lice
are most trouble-
some when cattle
are crowded in
shelters during
winter months.

Self-treatment devices such as back rubbers, face rubbers, and dust bags effectively control lice when used in conjunction
with systemic insecticides applied from August through October for grub control. The systemics kill lice that are present
on animals during the fall; the self-treating devices then hold louse populations below economic levels throughout the
winter. Place rubbing devices and dust bags where cattle will use them. For back rubbers and face rubbers, mix insecticides
with No. 2 fuel oil, No. 2 diesel fuel, or an oil recommended on the insecticide label. Mineral oil is less irritating than
fuel oil. Do not use waste oil or motor oil. Keep dust bags dry. Service self-treating devices at least once per month.

Back rubber or Co-Ral 11.6% EC 1 gal/ 13 gal 0 days. Do not apply with oral drenches, with

face rubber (coumaphos) fuel or mineral other internal medications such as phenothi-

(oilers) oil. azine, or with natural or synthetic pyrethroids,

synergists, or organophosphates.

malathion 57% EC 0.5 pt/1.5 gal 0 days.

fuel or mineral
oil.

Dust bag

Products listed for use in dust bags can also be applied by hand-dusting. Follow label directions.

Co-Ral 1% D
(coumaphos)

Ectiban or Permectrin
0.25% D (permethrin)

Rabon 3% D
(stirofos)

10 lb dust/bag. Use 0 days.

1 bag/ 10-20 head.

10 lb dust/bag. Use 0 days.

1 bag/ 10-20 head.

4-8 lb dust/bag. Use 0 days.

1 bag/ 10-20 head.

Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle, continued

A^)C

Pest

Treatment
method

Insecticide and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

LICE, cont.

Spray

Pour-on or
spot-on

Injection

Apply sufficient spray to thoroughly wet each animal. Use up to 1 gallon finished spray per animal.
Do not contaminate feed or water.

Ciovap 12.5% EC
(crotoxyphos plus
dichlorvos)

Co-Ral 11.69? EC or
25% WP (coumaphos)

2 gal/ 100 gal water.

2 qt 11.6% EC or
2 lb 25% WP/100
gal water.

Delnav 15% EC
or 30% EC
(dioxathion)

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

(Additional permethrin form
Permectrin II are registered
application rates.)

malathion 57% EC

1 qt 15% EC or
1 pt 30% EC/25
gal water.

1 qt/100 gal water.

ulations including em
for control of lice on

Rabon 50% WP or 24%
EC (stirofos)

methoxychlor 25% EC
or 50% WP

Ravap 28.7% EC
(stirofos plus
dichlorvos)

1 gal/ 100 gal water.

4 lb 50% WP/75
gal water or 1.5
gal 24% EC/ 100
gal water.

2 qt 25% EC or
2 lb 50% WP/25
gal water.

1 gal/75 gal water.

0 days. Make a second application 10-14 days
after first. Repeat as necessary but not more
often than every 7 days. Do not treat Brahman
cattle.

0 days. Do not treat calves less than 3 months
old or sick, convalescent, or stressed cattle.
Do not spray within 10 days after shipping,
weaning, or disease exposure. Do not spray in
nonventilated areas. Do not apply in conjunc-
tion with other organophosphates, pyreth-
roids, synergists, or phenothiazine.

0 days. Do not treat more often than every
14 days. Do not use on dairy cattle or in dairy
barns. Restricted-Use.

0 days. Repeat treatment 14-21 days after first
application. Do not treat more often than
every 14 days.

ulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
beef cattle. Check product labels for dilution and

0 days. Do not apply to lactating dairy cattle
or within 14 days of freshening. Do not treat
calves less than 1 month old.

0 days. Beef cattle only.

0 days. Repeat treatment 14-21 days after first
application. Do not use on dairy cattle or in
dairy barns.

0 days. Beef cattle only. Do not treat more
often than once every 10 days.

Fall applications of systemic pour-ons and spot-ons such as Co-Ral (coumaphos), Warbex (famphur),
Tiguvon (fenthion), Neguvon (trichlorfon), and Prolate (phosmet) for grub control also reduce louse
populations. These treatments may not provide season-long louse control through the winter. Follow
label directions concerning reuse after grub treatment cut-off dates. Products listed below effectively
control lice, but do not provide grub control.

Dursban 44
(chlorpyrifos)

2 cc/100 lb body
weight.

Lysoff 7.6% EC
(fenthion)

1 pt/1 gal water.
Use 1 fl oz/100 lb
body weight.

14 days. Beef cattle only. Apply as spot treat-
ment. Do not exceed 16 cc/animal. Do not
treat calves under 3 months old or bulls over
8 months old. Do not treat purebred conti-
nental or exotic breed cattle such as Charolais,
Chianina, Simmental, and Gelbveih. Do not
retreat within 30 days. Do not use on cows
within 21 days prior to calving or 14 days
after calving.

21 days; 35 days if 2 applications are made.
Do not apply within 28 days of freshening of
dairy cattle. Pour evenly along back line. Do
not treat calves under 3 months old or sick,
convalescent, or stressed livestock. Do not use
with other cholinesterase-inhibiting insecti-
cides or drugs.

Ivomec 1%
(ivermectin)

Ready to use.
1 cc/110 lb
body weight.

35 days. Inject subcutaneously. Use aseptic
procedures. Do not use on dairy cattle of
breeding age.

Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle, continued

Pest

Treatment
method

Insecticide and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

CATTLE GRUBS

Larvae ("grubs")
bore through the
skin and migrate
within the host to
the skin of the
back. Grubs ruin
hides and reduce
weight gain. The
hairy, yellow and
black adult flies,
slightly smaller
than honey bees,
annoy grazing cat-
tle.

Timing of grub control treatments is important. Systemic insecticides applied as pour-ons, spot-ons, or sprays travel
within the animal's bloodstream and should be applied to control grubs 6 to 8 weeks before they migrate to the animal's
back. Late treatments may cause host-parasite reactions with symptoms of bloat, hindquarter paralysis, or death. Systemic
insecticides should be used on native beef cattle herds in August or September in southern Illinois, and in September
or October in the northern half of the state. Treat only pastured cattle in herds with histories of grub problems. Animals
in confinement are not attacked by ox warble flies (heel flies). Heel fly season and grub treatment dates are earlier for
cattle grazed in southern states. Cattle feeders should either know the origin of feeder cattle to determine grub treatment
dates or should purchase only cattle that have received grub treatments.

Do not apply systemic insecticides in conjunction with or immediately after phenothiazine, with pyrethrins or synthetic
pyrethroids or their synergists, or with other organophosphate insecticides. Do not treat cattle under stress from
castration, dehorning, weaning, shipping, illness, or overexertion. Do not treat calves less than 3 months old.

Pour-on Apply pour-ons using a long-handled dipper supplied by the manufacturer. Apply to the back line

from the shoulder to the hip.

Co-Ral 4%
(coumaphos)

Neguvon 8%
(trichlorfon)

Prolate (GX-118)
1 1.6% E (phosmet)

Tiguvon 3%
(fenthion)

Warbex 13.2%
(famphur)

Ready to use. Apply
0.5 fl oz/100 lb
body weight.

Ready to use. Apply
0.5 fl oz/100 lb
body weight.
Do not exceed
4 fl oz/animal.

1 gal/2 gal water.
Apply 1 fl oz/100 lb
body weight. Do
not exceed 8 fl
oz/animal.

Ready to use. Apply
0.5 fl oz/100 lb
body weight.

Ready to use. Apply
0.5 fl oz/100 lb
body weight.
Do not exceed
4 fl oz/animal.

0 days. Do not apply within 14 days of fresh-
ening of dairy cattle.

2 1 days. Do not apply within 7 days of fresh-
ening of dairy cattle.

21 days. Do not apply to dairy animals.

35 days. Do not apply within 28 days of
freshening of dairy cattle.

35 days. Do not apply within 21 days of
freshening of dairy cattle. Do not use on
Brahmans or Brahman crossbreeds.

Spot-on

To apply spot-ons, use the applicator system provided by the manufacturer. Apply the material to a
single location on the back midline.

Spotton 20%
(fenthion)

Ready to use. Apply
4 cc/300 lb body
weight. Do not
exceed 20 cc/animal.

45 days. Do not treat dairy cattle of breeding
age.

Spray

Use high-pressure sprays (250-350 psi) to apply 3 to 4 quarts of finished spray per animal. Because
few farm sprayers generate sufficient pressure for proper application, veterinarians and commercial
applicators with appropriate livestock spray equipment should be contacted to apply grub sprays. Use
a pencil stream of spray directed at right angles to the sides and back. Treat 10 or fewer animals at
one time. Do not contaminate feed or water.

Co-Ral 25% WP
or 1 1 .6% EC
(coumaphos)

Prolate (GX-118)
11.6% EC (phosmet)

12-16 lb 25% WP
or 8-12 qt 11.6%
EC/ 100 gal water.

2 gal/ 100 gal
water.

0 days. Do not apply within 14 days of fresh-
ening of dairy cattle.

21 days. Beef cattle only.

Injection

Ivomec 1%
(ivermectin)

Ready to use.
1 cc/110 lb
body weight.

35 days. Inject subcutaneously. Use aseptic
procedures. Do not use on dairy cattle of
breeding age.

MANGE MITES

Microscopic mites
live on the skin or
burrow into it. Le-
sions vary with
mite species. Infes-
tations are greatest
when cattle are
crowded in shel-
ters during winter
months.

Chorioptic mange is the most prevalent mite-induced disorder of Illinois cattle. Infested cattle may or may not develop
lesions; lesions usually occur as localized nodules that exude serum. They are most numerous from the tailhead to the
hind heels. Insecticides listed previously for louse control on beef cattle also control chorioptic mange mites. Cattle
scabies (psoroptic mange) is a quarantinable disease. Its symptoms are lesions that occur first on the withers, over the
back, and at the tailhead. Small wounds cause itching, and rubbing leads to abscesses, especially on the shoulders and
rump. Mites move to edges of scabs, causing lesions to enlarge and coalesce. Scabs may cover much of the body. Where
cattle scabies is detected, contact the Illinois Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Health, Illinois State
Fairgrounds, Springfield, Illinois 62706, 217/782-4944.

Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle, continued

Pest

Treatment
method

Insecticide and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

TICKS

8-legged adults of
most species are
reddish brown and
less than '/i inch
long. Engorged fe-
males may exceed
'/s inch in length.
Ticks are blood
feeders and disease
vectors.

1 icks rarely pose an economic threat to cattle in Illinois. Problems are most likely where cattle graze in brushy or
wooded areas.

Spray

Apply sufficient spray to thoroughly wet each animal; use up to 1 gallon finished spray per animal.
Do not contaminate feed or water.

Ciovap 12.5% EC
(crotoxyphos plus
dichlorvos)

Co-Ral 2b9c WP or
1 1 .6% EC
(coumaphos)

2 gal/ 100 gal
water.

4 lb 25% WP or

1 gal 11.6% EC/ 100

gal water.

0 days. Repeat application 10-14 days after
first spray. Do not use more than once every
7 days.

0 days. Do not treat calves less than 3 months
old or sick, convalescent, or stressed cattle.
Do not spray within 10 days after shipping,
weaning, or disease exposure. Do not spray in
nonventilated areas. Do not apply in conjunc-
tion with phenothiazine, pyrethroids, syner-
gists, or systemic organophosphate insecti-
cides.

1 qt/100 gal water.

0 days. Do not apply more than once every
14 days.

MOSQUITOES

Annoyance may
cause cattle to
bunch in or near
buildings and re-
duce their grazing.

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin II are registered for control of ticks on cattle. Check product labels for dilution and
application rates.)

malathion 57% EC 1-2 gal/ 100 gal 0 days. Do not apply to dairy cattle within 14

water. days of freshening. Do not treat calves less

than 1 month old.

Mosquito populations are greatest near low, wet areas, ponds, or slow-moving streams. Reduction of mosquito breeding
sites is necessary for long-term control.

Spray

(to animals)

Ectiban 5.7%

1 qt/100 gal water.

0 days. Do not apply more often than every
14 days.

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin II are registered for the control of mosquitoes and horse flies on cattle. Check product
labels for dilution and application rates.)

Vapona 23.4% EC
(dichlorvos)

pyrethrin (0.1%)
plus synergist

1 qt/6 gal water.
Mist 1-2 fl oz/
animal/day.

Mist 1-2 fl oz/
animal.

1 day. Do not contaminate feed or water. Do
not wet skin. Do not apply in conjunction with
trichlorfon.

0 days. Do not contaminate feed or water. Do
not wet skin. Repeat as necessary.

HORSE FLIES,
DEER FLIES

(NHE 60)

Large flies that
feed on the back,
shoulders, neck,
and head. Blood
feeding annoys cat-
tle and reduces
grazing and weight
gain. Wounds at-
tract other flies.

Adequate and practical control methods for horse flies and deer flies on pastured beef cattle are not available. Insecticide
applications provide some relief but do not provide long-term control. Place cattle in barns or sheds to protect them
from horse flies and deer flies.

Spray

Ectiban 5.7%

1 qt/100 gal water.

0 days. Do not apply more often than every
14 days.

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin II are registered for the control of mosquitoes and horse flies on cattle. Check product
labels for dilution and application rates.)

pyrethrin (0.5- 0.5% oil is ready

1.0%) plus to use; apply 2

synergist fl oz/animal

3 times per week.

Mix 1 gal 1%

EC/ 10 gal water;

apply 1 to 2 pt/

animal every 3 days.

0 days. Apply to head, back, sides, belly, and
legs. Do not contaminate feed or water.

Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle, continued

Pest

Treatment
method

Insecticide and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

PASTURE FLIES
(HORN FLIES,
FACE FLIES,
STABLE FLIES)

Horn flies (NHE
59) are smaller
than house flies
but are similarly
colored and
marked. They
have piercing
mouthparts and
are blood feeders.
Horn flies congre-
gate about the
back, shoulders,
and horns; on hot
days they are
mostly on the
shady side of the
animal or on the
belly. Horn flies
seldom follow ani-
mals into barns or
sheds.

Face flies (NHE
106) resemble
house flies but are
slightly larger and
darker. Only fe-
males frequently
visit cattle. They
feed on secretions
about the eyes,
nose, and mouth.
Annoyance to cat-
tle reduces feed-
ing. Face flies also
transmit pinkeye.
Face flies do not
attack cattle in
barns or sheds.

Stable flies (NHE
61) resemble house
flies but have a
bayonetlike pro-
boscis that pro-
trudes from the
front of the head.
Stable flies are
blood feeders that
often attack the
lower portion of
the front legs. Sta-
ble flies attack
both pastured and
feedlot cattle.

Moving cattle into barns or sheds will reduce attacks by horn flies and face flies.

Back rubber or Mix insecticides with No. 2 fuel oil. No. 2 diesel fuel, or a label-recommended mineral oil. Mineral
oils are less irritating than fuel oils. Do not use waste oil or motor oil. Service the rubbing device at
least once per week. Self-treating devices are effective only if they are used regularly. Place rubbing
devices in the entryways to water or mineral feeders to ensure usage. Effective horn fly control can
be achieved with forced-use oilers, but only partial control of face flies is provided by these devices.
Oilers do not control stable flies.

face rubber
(oilers)

Dust bag

Feed additive

Ciovap 12.5% EC
(crotoxyphos plus
dichlorvos)

Co-Ral 1 1 .6% EC
(coumaphos)

Delnav 15% EC
or 30% EC
(dioxathion)

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

Permectrin II 10%
EC (permethrin)

Ravap 28.7% EC
(stirofos plus
dichlorvos)

1 qt/4 gal fuel
or mineral oil.

1 gal/ 13 gal fuel
or mineral oil.

2 qt 15% EC or

I qt 30% EC/5 gal
fuel or mineral oil.

I qt/10 gal
diesel oil.

I qt/20 gal fuel
or mineral oil.

I qt/7 gal fuel
or mineral oil.

0 days.

0 days.

0 days. Beef cattle only.

0 days.
0 days.
0 days. Beef cattle only.

Dust bags are effective only if they are used regularly. Place them in the entryways to water or
mineral feeders to ensure use. Keep dust bags dry and well charged; service at least once per week.
Forced-use dust bags that contact the animal's face provide eff^ective horn fly control and significant
reductions in face flies; dust bags do not eff^ectively control stable flies.

Co-Ral 1% D
(coumaphos)

Ectiban or Permectrin
0.25% D
(permethrin)

malathion 4% plus
methoxychlor 5% D

Rabon 3% D

(stirofos)

Feed additives prevent the development of face fly and horn fly larvae in cattle manure. Stable flies
do not develop in fresh manure and are not controlled by feed additives. Face flies migrate considerable
distances, so larval control in manure of a single herd will not significantly reduce fly populations if
other herds in the area do not also receive feed additives. Animals must consume the recommended
dosage for the feed additive to be effective.

Altosid 0.02% 0.25-0.5 lb/ 100 0 days. Feed mineral mix or block from May

(methoprene) lb body weight/ to September.

animal/month.

10 lb/bag.
10 lb/bag.

1 lO-lb bag/
10-15 animals.

4-8 lb/bag.

0 days.
0 days.

0 days. Beef cattle only.
0 days.

phenothiazine

17.8%

Rabon 97.3% or
7.76% Oral
Larvacide
(stirofos)

Mix 1:3 with salt.
Use 1 lb mixture/ 10
head/day.

70 mg a.i./lOO lb
body weight/day.

0 days. Feed no other salt. Use from May to
September.

0 days. Use from May through September.
Mix with complete feeds, concentrates, or
protein supplements.

Ear tag or Ear tags impregnated with fenvalerate, flucythrinate, or permethrin and permethrin-impregnated ear

ear tape tapes effectively control horn flies and provide some control of face flies. They do not control stable

flies. One tag or tape per cow will effectively control horn flies on cows and calves for up to 20
weeks. Using 2 tags per cow and 2 tags per calf will improve face fly control. Attach tags in late May
or early June after fly populations have begun to increase. Remove tags in September or October.
Combination tags containing permethrin plus chlorpyrifos (Dursban) and a synergist (piperonyl-
butoxide) also are available; claims regarding their usefulness in controlling pyrethroid-resistant horn
flies or delaying resistance development have not been documented. Tags containing the organo-
phosphate Rabon (stirofos) provide fly control for approximately 6 weeks after application.

fenvalerate 8% tag 1-2 tags per head. 0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring;

(Ectrin, Insecta- remove in fall or before slaughter.

Shield, Ear Tag Plus,
Starbar, Vet Shack)

Beef Cattle and Nonlactating Dairy Cattle, continued

Pest

Treatment
method

Insecticide and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

PASTURE FLIES,

com.

Ear tag or
ear tape, cent.

Spray

flucythrinate 7.5%
lag (Guardian)

permethrin 10% tag
(Atroban, Apollo, Insecta-
Gard, Gard Star,
Fearing Du-flex,
Gen-Sal, Permectrin)

permethrin 0.9 g
tape (Ectiban)

stirofos 13.7%
tag (Rabon)

1-2 tags per head.
1-2 tags per head.

1 tape per animal.
1-2 tags per head.

0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring;
remove in fall or before slaughter.

0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring;
remove in fall or before slaughter.

0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring;
remove in fall or before slaughter.

0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring;
remove in fail or before slaughter.

Sprays directed to animals should not contaminate feed or water.

Ciovap 12.5% EC
(crotoxyphos
plus dichlorvos)

Co-Ral 11.6% EC
or 25% WP
(coumaphos)

Delnav 15% EC
or 30% EC
(dioxathion)

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

(Additional permethrin form
Permectrin II are registered
and application rates.)

Ectrin 10% WDL
(fenvalerate)

1 pint/1.5 gal
water. Use 1-2 fl

oz mist/animal/day.
OR:

2 gal/50 gal
water. Use 1-2
qt/animal.

2 qt 11.6% EC
or 2 lb 25% WP/
100 gal water.
Completely wet
skin to runoff.

1 qt 15% EC or
1 pt 30% EC/25
gal water.

1 qt/IOO gal water.
Thoroughly wet
animals.

0 days.

0 days. Repeat as needed, but not more often
than once every 7 days.

0 days. Do not apply to dairy cattle within 14
days of freshening.

0 days. Do not use more often than every 14
days. Do not use on dairy cattle or in dairy
barns. Restricted-Use.

0 days. Repeat as needed, but not more often
than once every 14 days.

ulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
for control of pasture flies on cattle. Check product labels for dilution

methoxychlor 25%
EC or 50% WP

Rabon 50% WP
(stirofos)

Ravap 28.7% EC
(stirofos plus
dichlorvos)

8 oz/2/2 gal
water. Mist 2-3 fl
oz/animal every
4-7 days. Or mix
8 oz/12 gal
water. Use 1 qt/
animal every
7 days.

2 qt 25% EC

or 2 lb 50% WP/25

gal water.

4 lb/75 gal
water. Use 'A
to I gal/animal.

1 gal/75 gal
water. Use V2
to 1 gal/animal.

0 days. State-labeled use; applicator must have
label in possession.

0 days. Do not use on dairy cattle or in dairy
barns.

0 days. Beef cattle only.

0 days. Beef cattle only. Repeat as needed, but
not more often than once every 10 days.

Lactating Dairy Cattle

Insecticides listed in this section are registered for use on lactating dairy cattle. Most insecticides listed for use on beef cattle can be applied
to nonlactating dairy cattle if the specified interval between application and freshening is observed. Follow all label directions.

Pest

Treatment
method

Insecticide and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

LICE Dust bag

(NHE 18)

'/i6 to '/s inch long.
Biting lice are red-
dish, flattened, and
active. Sucking lice
are gray to blue

and sluggish.

Heavy populations Spray

cause reduced milk

production and

anemia. Symptoms

are rough, patchy

hair coats and a

dirty appearance.

Most troublesome

in winter.

Place dust bags at milkroom exits. Keep bags charged and dry, and service at least once per month.
(Co-Ral 1% dust and Ectiban and Permectrin 0.25% dusts can be used for direct hand-dusting; follow
label directions.)

Co-Ral 1% D
(coumaphos)

Ectiban or Permectrin
0.25% D (permethrin)

10 lb dust/bag.

10 lb dust/bag.
Self-treating.

0 days.
0 days.

Apply sufficient spray to thoroughly wet each animal; use up to 1 gallon finished spray per animal.
Do not contaminate feed, water, milk, or milking equipment.

Ciovap 12.5% EC
(crotoxyphos plus
dichlorvos)

Co-Ral 11.6% EC
or 25% WP
(coumaphos)

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

1 qt/12 gal
water.

1 qt 11.6% EC or
1 lb 25% WP/100
gal water.

1 qt/100 gal
water.

0 days. Make a second application 10-14 days
after first. Repeat as needed, but not more
than once every 7 days.

0 days. Do not treat calves less than 3 months
old.

0 days. Repeat application 14-21 days after
first treatment.

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin II are registered for the control of lice on dairy cattle. Check product labels for dilution
and application rates.)

CATTLE GRUBS No pesticides are currently registered for control of cattle grubs on lactating dairy cattle.

MANGE MITES

Microscopic mites
live on or within
skin. Lesions vary
with mite species.
Infestations are
greatest when cat-
tle are crowded in
shelters during
winter.

Mange caused by chorioptic mites (barn itch mites) is the most common mite-induced disorder of Illinois dairy cattle.
Infested cattle may or may not develop lesions; lesions usually appear as localized nodules that exude serum. Lesions
are most prevalent from the tailhead to the hind heels. Insecticides listed for louse control on dairy cattle also control
chorioptic mange. Cattle scabies (psoroptic mange) is a quarantinable disease. Its symptoms are lesions that occur first
at the withers, over the back, and at the tailhead. The wounds itch, and rubbing leads to absesses, especially on the
shoulders and rump. Mites move to edges of scabs, causing lesions to enlarge and coalesce. Scabs may cover much of
the body. Where cattle scabies is detected, contact the Illinois Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Health,
Illinois State Fairgrounds, Springfield, Illinois 62706, 217/782-4944.

TICKS

8-legged adults of
most species are
reddish brown and
less than '/4 inch
long. Engorged fe-
males may exceed
'/2 inch in length.
Ticks are blood
feeders and disease
vectors.

MOSQUITOES

Blood feeding. An-
noyance may cause
cattle to remain in
buildings and re-
duce their grazing.

Ticks are rarely economically important on Illinois dairy cattle. Problems are most likely where cattle graze in brushy
or wooded areas.

Spray

Ciovap 12.5% EC
(crotoxyphos plus
dichlorvos)

1 qt/12 gal
water. Use up to
1 gal/animal.

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

0 days. Make a second application 10-14 days
after first. Do not apply more often than once
every 7 days.

0 days. Do not apply more often than once
every 14 days.

1 qt/25 gal
water. Use 1-2
qt/animal.

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin II are registered for the control of ticks on dairy cattle. Check product labels for dilution
and application rates.

Mosquito populations are greatest near low, wet areas, ponds, and slow-moving streams. Reduction of mosquito breeding
sites is necessary for long-term control.

Spray

(to animals)

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

0 days. Do not apply more often than every
14 days.

1 qt/25 gal
water. Use 1-2
qt per animal.

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin II are registered for the control of mosquitoes on dairy cattle. Check product labels for
dilution and application rates.)

Vapona 23.4% EC
(dichlorvos)

pyrethrin (0.03-
0.10%) plus
synergist (0.5-
1.0%)

1 qt/6 gal
water. Mist 1-2
fl oz/animal/day.

Ready to use.
Mist 1-2 fl oz/
animal.

1 day. Do not wet skin. Do not contaminate
feed, water, milk, or milking equipment.

0 days. Do not wet skin. Do not contaminate
feed, water, milk, or milking equipment. Re-
peat as necessary.

Lactating Dairy Cattle, continued

Pest

Treatment
method

Insecticide and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

PASTURE FLIES
(HORN FLIES,
FACE FLIES,
STABLE FLIES)

Horn flies (NHE
59) are smaller
than house flies
but are similarly
colored and
marked. They
have piercing
mouthparts and
are blood feeders.
Horn flies congre-
gate about the
back, shoulders,
and horns; on hot
days they are
mostly on the
shady side of the
animal or on the
belly. Horn flies
seldom follow ani-
mals into barns or
sheds.

Face flies (NHE
106) resemble
house flies but are
slightly larger and
darker. Only fe-
males frequently
visit cattle. They
feed on secretions
about the eyes,
nose, and mouth.
Annoyance to cat-
tle reduces feed-
ing. Face flies also
transmit pinkeye.
Face flies do not
attack cattle in
barns or sheds.

Stable flies (NHE
61) resemble house
flies but have a
bayonetlike pro-
boscis that pro-
trudes from the
front of the head.
Stable flies are
blood feeders that
often attack the
lower portion of
the front legs. Sta-
ble flies attack
both pastured and
feedlot cattle.

Reduce attacks by horn flies, face flies, deer flies, and horse flies by moving cattle into barns or sheds.

Back rubber or
face rubber
(oilers)

Dust bag

Spray

Mix insecticides with No. 2 fuel oil. No. 2 diesel fuel, or a label-recommended mineral oil. Mineral
oils are less irritating than fuel oils. Do not use waste oil or motor oil. Service the oiler at least once
per week. For self-treating devices to be effective, cattle must use them frequently. Place oilers in
the entryways to water or mineral feeders or in the milking room exit. Well-used back rubbers or
face rubbers will control horn flies and provide some face fly control. They will not control stable
flies.

Ciovap 12.5% EC
(crotoxyphos plus
dichlorvos)

1 gal/ 16 gal
fuel or mineral
oil.

0 days.

Co-Ral 1 1 .6% EC
(coumaphos)

1 gal/ 13 gal
fuel or mineral
oil.

0 days.

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

1 qt/10 gal oil.

0 days.

Permectrin 11
10% EC

1 qt/20 gal
fuel or

0 days.

(permethrin)

mineral oil

For self-treating devices to be effective, cattle must use them regularly. Place dust bags in the
entryways to water or mineral feeders or in the milking room exit. Keep dust bags dry; service at
least once per week. Dust bags will control horn flies and provide some reduction in face fly problems.
They will not control stable flies. (NOTE: Insecticide dusts listed below can also be used for direct
hand-dusting; follow label directions.)

Co-Ral 1% D
(coumaphos)

Ectiban or Permectrin
0.25% D
(permethrin)

Rabon 3% D
(stirofos)

10 lb/dust bag.
10 lb/dust bag.

4-8 lb/dust bag.

0 days. Do not treat calves less than 3 months
old.

0 days.

0 days.

It is important that the following sprays do not contaminate feed, water, milk, or milking equipment.

Ciovap 12.5% EC
(crotoxyphos plus
dichlorvos)

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

1 qt/3 gal water.
Mist 1-2 fl oz/
animal/day.

1 qt/25 gal water.
Use 1-2 qt/animal.

0 days.

0 days. Retreat as needed, but not more often
than every 14 days.

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin II are registered for pasture fly control on dairy cattle. Check product labels for dilution
and application rates.)

Ectrin 10% WDL
(fenvalerate)

Vapona 23.4% EC
or 1% EC oil base
(dichlorvos)

pyrethrin (0.1%)
plus synergist

8 oz/2'/2 gal
water; mist 2-3
oz/animal every
4-7 days. OR:
8 oz/12 gal
water; use 1
qt/animal every
7 days.

1 qt 23.4%/6
gal water; use
1-2 fl oz/animal/
day. OR:

1% EC (oil base),
ready to use; mist
1-2 fl oz/animal/
day.

Ready to use.
Apply 1-2 fl
oz/animal.

0 days. State-labeled use; applicator must have
label in possession.

0 days. Do not wet skin.

0 days. Repeat as needed.

Lactating Dairy Cattle, continued

Pest

Treatment
method

Insecticide and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

PASTURE FLIES,

cent.

Feed additive

Animals must consume the recommended dosage for the feed additive to be effective. A feed additive
reduces fly development only in treated manure; it does not control existing adult flies. Increase
control by practicing good sanitation; remove nearby manure, silage, feed, and other fly-breeding
materials.

Rabon 97.3% or
7.76% Oral
Larvicide
(stirofos)

70 mg a.i./lOO lb
body weight/day.

0 days. Feed in complete feeds, concentrates,
or protein and mineral supplements from May
to September.

Ear tag or Ear tags and ear tapes eff"ectively control horn flies and reduce face fly problems. They do not control

ear tape stable flies. One fenvalerate, flucythrinate, or permethrin tag or tape per cow will effectively control

horn flies on cows and calves for up to 20 weeks. Using 2 tags per cow and 2 tags per calf will
improve face fly control. Attach tags in late May or early June after fly populations have begun to
increase. Remove tags in September or October. Combination tags containing permethrin plus
chlorpyrifos (Dursban) and a synergist (piperonyl-butoxide) also are available; claims regarding their
usefulness in controlling pyrethroid-resistant horn flies or delaying resistance development have not
been documented. Tags containing the organophosphate Rabon (stirofos) provide fly control for
approximately 6 weeks after application.

fenvalerate 8%
ear tag (Ectrin,
Insecta-Shield,
Ear Tag Plus,
Starbar, Vet Shack)

flucythrinate 7.5%
tag (Guardian)

permethrin 10% ear
tag (Atroban, Apollo,
Insecta-Gard, Gard
Star, Fearing,
Permectrin,
Wellcome Tag)

permethrin 0.9 g
ear tape (Ectiban)

stirofos 13.7%
tag (Rabon)

1-2 tags per head.

1-2 tags per head.
1-2 tags per head.

1 tape per animal.
1-2 tags per head.

0 days. Apply tags when flies first appear in
the spring. Remove in fall or before slaughter.

0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring;
remove in fall or before slaughter.

0 days. Apply tags when flies first appear in
spring. Remove in fall or before slaughter

0 days. Apply tape when flies first emerge in
spring. Remove in fall or before slaughter.

0 days. Apply when fly activity begins in spring.
Remove in fall or before slaughter.

10

Hogs

Pest

Treatment
method

Material and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

MANGE MITES
(AND LICE)

Microscopic mites
feed on or within
skin and cause
mange.

Sarcoptic mange

usually starts at
the head and then
spreads back; in-
fested skin be-
comes dry, scurfy,
or leathery. Rub-
bing may lead to
raw or scabby
areas.

Demodectic
mange is charac-
terized by hard,
round swellings on
or below the skin
surface.

Sarcoptic mange can be controlled cfTectively with the insecticides listed below. Although these insecticides will aid in
controlling demodectic mange, there is no satisfactory chemical control for the hog follicle mites that cause demodectic
mange. Prevent sarcoptic mange outbreaks by treating pigs as soon as possible after weaning; treat sows 30-45 days
before farrowing; treat boars before the breeding season. Follow label precautions against the use of organophosphate
sprays, dusts, or pour-ons simultaneously with medications used for internal parasite control. Do not contaminate feed
or water. Isolate hogs with demodectic mange. Kill and destroy severely infested animals; market for slaughter the
animals that are less severely attacked. Clean and disinfect pens, sheds, etc., before moving in uninfested animals.

Spray

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

1 qt/25 gal
water. Spray
animals thoroughly.

5 days. Repeat application after 14 days.

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin II are registered for control of hog lice and mange. Check product labels for dilution
and application rates.)

Ectrin 10% WDL
(fenvalerate)

lindane 12.4% EC
or 20% EC

malathion 57% EC

I qt/50 gal
water. Spray each
animal thoroughly.

3 pt 12.4% EC or
I qt 20% EC/ 100
gal water. Spray
animals thoroughly.

I qt/15 gal water.
Treat animals,
bedding, and walls
thoroughly.

1 day. Repeat application in 14 days if nec-
essary.

30 days. Treat twice at a 7-day interval. Do
not treat pigs less than 3 months old. Do not
treat sows within 2 weeks before farrowing or
3 weeks after farrowing. Restricted-Use.

0 days. Do not treat pigs less than 1 month
old. Repeat treatment after 10 days.

Dust

malathion 4-5% D

Thoroughly cover
animals over 1 month
old. Also treat
pens and bedding.
Use '/4-'/2 tbsp/pig
for pigs less than
1 month old.

0 days. Repeat as needed. Gives only partial
control of mange mites.

LICE

Up to '/6 inch long.
Hog lice suck
blood and cause ir-
ritation and itch-
ing of skin. Ani-
mals may rub
infested areas and
cause bleeding. In-
fested animals ap-
pear generally un-
thrifty.

Insecticides listed for controlling mange mites on hogs will also control
label precautions against the use of organophosphate sprays, dusts, or
for internal parasite control.

Spray

Co-Ral 25% WP
(coumaphos)

methoxychlor
50% WP

2 lb/ 100 gal
water. Spray each
animal thoroughly.

8 lb/ 100 gal
water. Spray each
animal thoroughly.

lice. Do not contaminate feed or water. Follow
pour-ons simultaneously with medications used

0 days. Do not treat animals less than 90 days
old. Apply a second spray 10-14 days after
first.

0 days. Make second application 14 days after
first if needed.

Dust

Co-Ral 1% D
(coumaphos)

Ectiban or Permectrin
0.25% D
(permethrin)

Rabon 3% D
(stirofos)

I oz/animal.

1 oz/animal.

3-4 oz/animal;
1 lb/ 150 sq ft of
bedding for severe
infestations.

0 days. Dust especially around shoulders and
back. Repeat as needed, but not more than
once every 10 days.

5 days. Make second application 14 days after
first.

0 days. Do not retreat for 14 days.

Pour-on

Ectrin 10% WDL
(fenvalerate)

Tiguvon 3% Pour-On
(fenthion)

1 qt/25 gal water.
Pour 4 fl oz/animal
on head and back
midline.

0.5 fl oz/100
lb body weight.

1 day. Add wetting agent according to label
directions. Repeat application in 14 days if
necessary.

14 days. May be used on gestating and lac-
tating sows. Do not retreat within 35 days.

11

Sheep

Pest

Treatment
method

Material and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

KEDS, LICE

(NHE 53)

Sheep keds (also
called sheep ricks)
are flattened,
wingless, reddish
brown flies about
the size of house
flies.

Lice reach '/is to Vb
inch in length. Bit-
ing lice are flat-
tened and yellow-
ish to reddish in
color. Sucking lice
are oval and bluish
gray.

Spray

Dust

Pour-on

Apply enough spray to thoroughly cover each animal. Do not contaminate feed or water.

Ciovap 12.5% EC
(crotoxyphos
plus dichlorvos)

Co-Ral 25% WP
(coumaphos)

diazinon 50% WP

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

Ectrin 10% WDL
(fenvalerate)

malathion 57% EC

Marlate 50% WP
(methoxychlor)

2 gal/ 100 gal
water. Use up to
1 gal/animal.

Lice: 2 lb/ 100
gal water. Keds:
4 lb/ 100 gal water.

0.5 lb/ 100 gal water.
Use 1 gal/animal.

1 qt/25 gal water.
Use 1-2 qt/animal.

1 qt/100 gal water.
Wet each animal with
up to 1 qt of spray.

1 gal/ 100 gal water.

8 lb/ 100 gal water.
Spray each animal
thoroughly.

0 days. Make second application 10-14 days
later. Do not retreat within 7 days.

15 days. Do not treat lambs less than 3 months
old.

14 days. Use high pressure and volume. Do
not treat lambs less than 2 weeks old.

0 days. Repeat application in 14 days. Do not
treat more often than every 14 days.

2 days. Repeat application in 30 days if nec-
essary. Do not apply more than twice in the
spring and twice in the fall.

0 days. Do not treat lambs less than 1 month
old.

0 days.

Co-Ral 0.5% D

diazinon 2% D

malathion 4-5% D

Marlate 50% WP
(methoxychlor)

Follow label
directions.

1/2 oz/animal.
1-2 oz/animal.

1 tbsp/animal.

15 days. Treat once after shearing. Do not
treat lambs less than 3 months old.

14 days. Do not treat lambs less than 2 weeks
old.

0 days. Repeat application in 2-3 weeks if
needed. Do not treat lambs less than 1 month
old.

0 days. Treat only once.

Ectrin 10% WDL
(fenvalerate)

2 qt/25 gal water.
Pour 4 fl oz/animal
down midline of back.

2 days. Add wetting agent according to label
directions. Repeat application in 30 days if
necessary. Do not apply more than twice in
the spring and twice in the fall.

WOOL
MAGGOTS

Cream-colored
maggots are larvae
of blow flies. Mag-
gots live in wet,
matted wool near
the rear of the an-
imal and in matted
wool surrounding
wounds.

Spray

Reduce wool maggot attacks by tagging sheep (shearing under the tail and between the hind legs),
docking, and castrating before May. Practice good sanitation. Shear around and direct sprays to the
infested areas.

Co-Ral 25% WP
(coumaphos)

diazinon 50% WP

4 lb/ 100 gal
water. Use 1 gal/
animal.

0.5 lb/ 100 gal
water. Use 1 gal/
animal.

15 days. Do not treat lambs less than 3 months
old.

14 days. Do not treat lambs less than 2 weeks
old.

SCAB MITES
(SCABIES, WET

MANGE)

Sheep scab is a quarantinable disease. Infested animals shed wool; skin becomes roughened and crusted. Where infestations
are suspected, contact the Illinois Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Animal Health, Illinois State Fairgrounds,
Springfield, Illinois 62706, 217/782-4944.

HORN FLIES

(NHE 59)

Spray

Co-Ral 25% WP
(coumaphos)

Marlate 50% WP
(methoxychlor)

2 lb/ 100 gal water.
2 lb/ 100 gal water.

1 5 days. Do not treat lambs less than 3 months
old.

0 days. Repeat treatment every 3 weeks as
needed.

FACE FLIES

(NHE 106)

Spray

pyrethrin (0.05-
0.10%) plus
synergist (0.5-1.0%)

1-2 fl oz/animal. 0 days. Apply daily to head, neck, and front

legs as a fine mist. Do not wet hair or skin.

12

Goats

Pest

Treatment
method

Material and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

LICE

(NHE 53)

Spray

Pour-on

Ciovap 12.57c EC
(crotoxyphos plus
dichlorvos)

Ectrin 107c WDL
(fenvalerate)

2 gal/ 100 gal water.
Use 2-4 qt/animal.

1 qt/100 gal water.
Wet each animal with
up to 1 qt of spray.

0 days. Make second application 14 days after
first. Do not apply more often than every 7
days. Do not contaminate feed, water, milk,
or milking equipment.

2 days. Do not apply to lactating goats. Repeat
application in 30 days if necessary. Do not apply
more than twice in the spring and twice in the fall.

Ectrin 107c WDL
(fenvalerate)

1 qt/25 gal water.
Pour 4 fl oz/animal
down midline of back.

2 days. Do not apply to lactating goats. Add
wetting agent according to label directions.
Repeat application in 30 days if necessary. Do
not apply more than twice in the spring and
twice in the fall.

FACE FLIES

(NHF. 106),
HORN FLIES
(NHE 59),
STABLE FLIES

(NHE 61)

Spray

Ciovap 12.57c EC
(crotoxyphos plus
dichlorvos)

1 qt/3 gal water
Use 1 pt/animal/
week.

0 days. Do not apply more often than every
7 days. Do not contaminate feed, water, milk,
or milking equipment.

HORSE FLIES,
DEER FLIES

(NHF. 60)

Spray

pyrethrin (0.05-
0.107c) plus
synergist (0.5-1.0%)

1-2 fl oz/animal. 0 days. Apply to head, neck, and front legs as

a fine mist. Do not wet hair or skin.

Poultry

Pest

Treatment
method

Material and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

LICE, NORTH- Sprav

ERN FOWL
MITES (BIRD
TREATMENT)

(NHE 54)

Chicken lice are

flat-bodied, straw-
colored, '/i5-inch-
long lice with
chewing mouth-
parts. They feed
on feathers and
skin flakes, irritat-
ing birds. Severe
infestations reduce
egg production.

Northern fowl
mites are dark red
to black blood
feeders that build
up in the vent
area. Mature mites
are roughly V^^
inch long. Feathers
around the vent
appear gravish or
black from accu-
mulation of mites,
mite eggs, and ex-
crement. Severe
infestations reduce
egg production
and can cause
death. Northern
fowl mites are

most troublesome

in winter Strip

Dust

CoRal 257c WP
(coumaphos)

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

malathion 57% EC

Permectrin II 10%
EC (permethrin)

Rabon 50% WP
(stirofos)

Ravap 28.7% EC
Poultry Spray
and Larvicide
(stirofos +
dichlorvos)

Sevin 50% WP
or 80% SP
(carbaryl)

Lice: 6 oz/5 gal water.
Mites: 3 oz/5 gal
water. Use 1 gal/ 1 00-
125 birds, or 0.5 fl
oz/bird.

1 qt/25 gal water.
Use 1 gal/ 100 birds.

1 fl oz/gal water
Use 1 gal/ 1 00-
125 birds.

1 qt/50 gal water.
Use 1 gal/ 100 birds.

6.5 oz/5 gal water.
Use 1 gal/100 birds or
1 fl oz/bird using at
least 100-125 psi.

I pt/6 gal water
Use 1 gal/ 100 birds or
1 fl oz/bird using at
least 100-125 psi.

6 oz 50% WP or
4 oz 80% SP/5 gal
water Use 1 gal/
100 birds.

0 days. Do not treat more than once per week.
Do not treat within 10 days of vaccination or
stress.

0 days. Treat vent area thoroughly.

0 days. Repeat treatment in 4-8 weeks or when
necessary.

0 days. Treat vent area thoroughly.

0 days. Do not treat more than once every 14
days.

0 days. Do not treat more than once every 14
days.

7 days. Repeat treatment in 4 weeks if nec-
essary.

Ectiban or Permectrin
0.25% D
(permethrin)

malathion 4-5% D

Rabon 3% D
(stirofos)

Sevin 5% D
(carbaryl)

Use 1 lb/ 100 birds.

Use 1 lb/ 100 birds.

Use 1 lb/300 birds.

Use 1 lb/ 100 birds.

0 days. Apply with shaker or hand duster.
Treat vent area thoroughly.

0 days. Apply with shaker or hand duster

0 days. Apply with hand or power duster Do
not treat more than once every 14 days.

7 days. Apply with shaker or hand duster Do
not treat more than once every 4 weeks.

Permectrin 10% strip
(permethrin)

1 or 2 strips per cage
of up to 9 hens.

0 days. For northern fowl mite control.

13

Poultry, continued

Pest

Treatment
method

Insecticide and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

LICE, CHICKEN
MITES, NORTH-
ERN FOWL
MITES (POUL-
TRY HOUSE
AND LITTER
TREATMENT)
(NHE 54)

Chicken mites (or

roost mites) are
bright to dark red
and '/25 inch long.
They hide in
cracks and crevices
during the day and
feed on birds at
night. They are
most prevalent in
spring, summer,
and fall, not in
winter

Spray

Dust

Co-Ral 25% WP
(coumaphos)

malathion 57% EC

Rabon 50% WP
(stirofos)

Ravap 28.7% EC
Poultry Spray
and Larvicide
(stirofos +
dichlorvos)

Sevin 50% WP
or 80% SP
(carbaryl)

6 oz/5 gal water
Use 1 gal/ 1,000 sq ft.

2 fl oz/gal water.
Use 1 gal/ 1,000 sq ft.

0.5 lb/6 gal water.
Use 1-2 gal/ 1,000
sq ft.

1 pt/6 gal water.
Use 1-2 gal/ 1,000
sq ft.

2 lb 50% WP or
1.5 lb 80% SP/5
gal water Use 1-2
gal/ 1,000 sq ft.

0 days. Apply thoroughly to litter, walls, ceil-
ings, floors, roosts, nests, and adjacent areas.
Force spray into all cracks and crevices.

0 days. Apply liberally to litter, walls, ceilings,
floors, roosts, nests, and adjacent areas. Force
spray into cracks and crevices.

0 days. Apply thoroughly to litter, walls, roosts,
cracks, crevices, and interiors.

0 days. Apply thoroughly to litter, walls, roosts,
cracks, and crevices.

7 days. Apply spray to walls, bedding, litter,
and roosts. Force spray into cracks and crev-
ices. Repeat as needed. Avoid contamination
of nests, eggs, feed, and water.

malathion 4-5% D

Rabon 3% D or
50% WP
(stirofos)

Sevin 5% D
(carbaryl)

1 lb/50-60 sq ft.

1 lb 3% D or 2.5 oz
50% WP/100 sq ft.

1 lb/40 sq ft.

0 days. Apply liberally to litter, walls, ceilings,
roosts, nests, and adjacent areas.

0 days. Treat litter evenly and thoroughly.

7 days. Apply to litter, roosts, and adjacent
areas. Do not apply to eggs or nests. Do not
treat more than once every 4 weeks.

DARKLING BEE-
TLES (LESSER
MEALWORMS)

Cream-colored lar-
vae infest decaying
organic matter or
moldy feeds. They
are ingested and
survive long
enough to bite and
damage the ali-
mentary canal.

Spray

Dust

Rabon 50% WP
(stirofos)

Sevin 80% SP
or 40% or 43.4%
suspensions
(carbaryl)

2 lb/25 gal water.
Use 1-2 gal/ 1,000
sq ft.

62.5 lb 80% SP
or 50 qt 40% or
43.4% suspensions/
100 gal water. Use
2 gal/ 1,000 sq ft.

0 days. Apply evenly and thoroughly to litter,
walls, center posts, and foundation walls.

7 days. Apply evenly and thoroughly to litter
or floor surface. Do not apply directly to
poultry, nests, or eggs. Repeat as needed.

Sevin 5% D
(carbaryl)

1 lb/40 sq ft.

7 days. Do not apply to eggs or nest litter. Do
not treat more than once every 4 weeks.

BED BUGS Spray

Flat, reddish
brown, blood-suck-
ing insects that

feed at night.

Rarely seen on Dust

birds during day-
light.

Sevin 50% WP
80% SP or 40%
or 43.4%
suspensions
(carbaryl)

8 lb 50% WP 5 lb
80% SP or 4 qt 40%
or 43.4% suspensions/
100 gal water. Use 1-2
gal/ 1,000 sq ft.

7 days. Apply thoroughly to walls, litter, and
roost surfaces. Force spray into cracks and
crevices. Do not apply directly to poultry,
nests, or eggs. Repeat as needed.

Sevin 5% D
(carbaryl)

1 lb/40 sq ft.

7 days. Apply evenly to litter. Do not treat
more than once every 4 weeks. Do not apply
to eggs or nest.

Horses

Pest

Treatment
method

Material and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

MANGE MITES

Burrowing in skin
causes pain and
itching. Most prev-
alent in winter.

Spray

1 qt/25 gal water.
Use 1-2 qt/animal.

0 days. Repeat application in 14 days. Do not
treat more often than every 14 days.

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin II are registered for the control of mites on horses. Check product labels for dilution
and application rates.)

14

Horses, continued

Pest

Treatment
method

Insecticide and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

LICE

'/i6 to '/d inch in
length. Biting lice
are yellow to red.
Sucking lice are
brf)wnish lo blue-
gray. Head and
neck, withers, and
tailhead develop a
scurfy appearance.
Rubbing may cre-
ate raw areas.

Spray

Co-Ral 25% WP
or 1 1 .67c EC
(coumaphos)

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

0.5 lb 25% WP or
1 pt 11.6% EC/25
gal water. Treat
animal thoroughly.

1 qt/25 gal water.
Use 1-2 qt/animal.

0 days.

0 days. Repeat application in 14 days. Do not
treat more often than every 14 days.

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin II are registered for the control of lice on horses. Check product labels for dilution and
application rates.)

malathion 57% EC
or 25% WP

6.5-10 f\ oz 57% EC
or 0.75 lb 25% WP/
5 gal water. Treat
animal thoroughly.

0 days.

TICKS

Seldom a problem
unless horses graze
in brushy or
wooded areas.

Spray

Co-Ral 25% WP
or 1 1 .6% EC
(coumaphos)

Ectiban 5.7% EC
(permethrin)

1 lb 25% WP or 1
qt 11.6% EC/25 gal
water. Treat animal
thoroughly.

1 qt/25 gal water.
Use 1-2 qt/animal.

0 days. Repeat as necessary.

0 days. Do not treat more often than every
14 days.

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin II are registered for the control of ticks on horses. Check product labels for dilution and
application rates.)

malathion 57% EC
or 25% WP

6.5-10 fl oz 57% EC
or 0.75 lb 25% WP/
5 gal water. Treat
animal thoroughly.

0 days.

HORSE BOTS

Flies are nearly as
large as honey
bees. They deposit
eggs on the fore-
legs, throat, or
muzzle area; fly ac-
tivity severely an-
noys horses. Eggs
are ingested; lar-
vae (bots) develop
within the horse's
alimentary canal.

Feed additive

Anthon 90%

Pow^der

(trichlorfon)

Horse Wormer
(dichlorvos)

5 g/250 lb body-
weight mixed with
feed. Treat from
mid-October to
mid-December.

19.5 g/300 lb body
weight mixed with
feed. Give to indi-
vidual horse in half
its normal grain
ration.

Nonfood use. Repeat after 3 to 4 months.
Withdraw all feed 12-18 hours prior to and 3
hours after treatment. Do not treat colts under
4 months of age, mares in the last month of
gestation, or horses to be used for food.

Nonfood use. Treat 30 days after killing frost.
Withhold water 4-6 hours before and 3 hours
after consumption of the medicine. Do not
treat sick animals or animals that have received
tranquilizing drugs or other worm medicines
within I week of application.

Oral paste

Eqvalan 1.87%
(ivermectin)

Ready to use. Follow
directions on
prefilled syringe.

Nonfood use.

Injection

Preventive
spray

Consult with a veterinarian for treatment with carbon disulfide, dichlorvos (Equigard), or piperazine
+ carbon disulfide (Parvex Plus).

malathion 57% EC

During fall months,
sponge legs, under
jaw, and chest of ani-
mal with a warm
0.5% malathion solu-
tion.

0 days. Eggs will be stimulated to hatch and
the larvae will be prevented from burrowing
into the animal. Retreat when more eggs ac-
cumulate. Do not use bare hands; use specially
prepared gloves or rubber gloves.

SCREWWORMS,
BLOW FLIES

Maggots develop
in wounds.

Spray

Co-Ral 25% WP
(coumaphos)

Coral 3% Spray
Foam (coumaphos)

1.3 oz/gal water. 0 days.

Treat wound lightly
but thoroughly.

Ready to use. 0 days.

Spray thoroughly so
that foam completely
covers wound.

Dust

Co-Ral 5% D
(coumaphos)

Ready to use. Treat
wound lightly but
thoroughly.

0 days.

15

Horses, continued

Treatment

Insecticide and

Dilution

Preslaughter interval.

Pest

method

formulation

and rate

restrictions, comments

HORN FLIES,

Spray

Co-Ral 25% WP

0.5 lb 25% WP

0 days.

FACE FLIES,

or 1 1 .6% EC

or 1 pt 1 1 .6% EC/25

STABLE FLIES,

(coumaphos)

gal water. Treat

HORSE FLIES,

animal thoroughly.

DEER FLIES,
BLACK FLIES,
MOSQUITOES

malathion 57% EC
or 25% WP

6.5-10 fl oz 57% EC
or 0.75-1.25 lb 25%
WP/5 gal water. Treat
animal thoroughly.

0 days.

Ectiban 5.7% EC

1 qt/25 gal water.

0 days. Do not treat more often than every

(permethrin)

Use 1-2 qt/animal.

14 days.

Dust

Wipe-on

(Additional permethrin formulations including emulsifiable concentrates of Insectrin, Permaban, and
Permectrin 11 are registered for the control of biting flies on horses. Check product labels for dilution
and application rates.)

Ectrin 10% WDL
(fenvalerate)

pyrethrin plus
synergist

Rabon 1%
Spray-n-Wipe

(stirofos)

4 fl oz/3 gal
water. Mist 8 fl oz
spray per animal.
Direct at face, head,
shoulders, and legs.

Ready to use.

Apply 1-2 fl oz to
flanks, belly,
and back.

Do not treat animals intended for slaughter.

0 days. Apply as a mist spray. Do not wet the
hide. Repeat as needed.

0 days.

Co-Ral 1% D
(coumaphos)

malathion 4% D

2 oz/animal.
4 tbsp/animal.

0 days. Apply to the head, neck, shoulders,
back, and tailhead. Repeat as needed.

0 days. Apply evenly along back line. Repeat
at 10-14 day intervals.

Rabon 2% Gel

Wipe-on

(stirofos)

1-2 fl oz/animal. 0 days. Apply as directed every 2-3 days if

needed.

FLY CONTROL IN LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS AND FEEDLOTS

Filth fly species that commonly inhabit livestock dwell-
ings, feedlots, and nearby buildings include the house
fly, stable fly, little house fly, and several blow fly species.
These flies develop in a variety of moist, organic wastes
including manure, spilled feed, decaying vegetation, and
garbage. Common breeding sites are around feed bunks,
at the edges of feeding floors, under fences, along stacks
of hay or straw, and in accumulations of manure.

Although stable flies are biting flies that take blood
meals from cattle, horses, and hogs, most other flies
associated with confined livestock are nuisance pests,
not blood-feeders. Neither stable flies nor nonbiting
nuisance flies spend much time on their animal hosts,
so successful fly control around confined livestock does
not center on animal treatments. The use of dust bags,
oilers, or ear tags provides little or no control of flies
in or around buildings. Sprays directed to the legs and
belly of cattle, horses, and hogs (apply as recommended
in preceding sections for horn fly control on individual
livestock species) may provide short-term relief from
stable fly attack, but such applications are not likely to
significantly reduce the overall fly problem.

Thorough sanitation practices are almost always nec-
essary for successful fly control. Weekly removal of
manure, decaying hay and straw, and spilled feeds dis-
rupts fly breeding sites frequently enough to prevent
the development of fly larvae. Removing wastes beneath
feeders and along fences is especially important. If
manure is temporarily piled before spreading, cover it
with black plastic to prevent fly development. If manure
is not removed weekly, leaving an 8-inch-thick manure
residue at each cleanup may help to maintain populations
of insect predators and parasites that limit fly popula-
tions. Poultry producers who do not remove manure
weekly can maintain predator and parasite populations
by removing manure from beneath only one row of
cages at each cleanup.

Insecticide applications may be necessary in addition
to good sanitation. Unless otherwise indicated, premise
treatments listed below can be used in beef, dairy (other
than milking rooms), swine, sheep, goat, poultry, and
horse facilities. Separate recommendations for fly con-
trol in milking rooms are provided.

16

Pest

Treatment
method

Material and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

HOUSE FLIES,
STABLE FLIES,
BLOW FLIES,
ETC.

Space spray
from misl
blower or
togger

Surface
residual
spray

Space sprays (aerosols) provide rapid control of adult flies present at the time of application. Close
doors and windows to reduce air movement during treatment. Daily to twice-weekly applications may
be necessary where space sprays are the only treatments used. Animals may be present during
application, but space sprays should not be applied directly to livestock. Do not apply space sprays
in areas where animals have been treated directly with an insecticide during the previous 24 hours.
Do not contaminate feed or water or use in milking rooms.

Dibrom 36% EC or
\7( Ready-to-use
Spray (naled)

F.ctiban b.79c
(permethrin)

EC

Permectrin II 10%
EC (permethrin)

pyrethrins plus

synergist

Vapona 23.4% EC
(dichlorvos)

Vapona Feedlot
43.2% EC
(dichlorvos)

1 qt 36% EC/40
gal water. Apply
throughout building.
Use 1 fl oz of 1%
Ready-to-use Spray/
3,000 cu ft.

Misting: Use 4 fl
oz/ 1,000 cu ft.

Overhead system:
1 qt/12.5 gal fuel
or mineral oil; use
4 f\ oz/ 1,000 cu ft.

Misting: Use 4 fl
oz/l,000sq ft.

Overhead system:
1 qt/12.5 gal fuel
or mineral oil; use
4 fl oz/ 1,000 cu ft.

Follow label
directions.

Misting: 1 pt/6
gal water; use
1 qt/8,000 cu ft.

Fogging: 1 pt/3.5
gal diesel oil;
use 1 pt/8,000
cu ft.

1 gal/ 100 gal water.
Use 5 gal/acre.

0 days.

0 days.

0 days.

0 days.
0 days.

0 days. For cattle feedlots only.

Surface sprays applied to walls, ceilings, partitions, posts, etc. kill flies at their resting sites and provide
residual activity for 1-7 weeks. Products (or the listed concentrations of these products) recommended
for use as residual sprays should not be applied directly to animals. Thoroughly spray surfaces to the
point of run-off. Do not contaminate feed or water, and do not use residual sprays in milking rooms.

Baytex 45% EC
(fenthion)

Ciovap 12.5% EC
(croioxyphos plus
dichlorvos)

Cygori 23.4% EC
(dimethoate)

Ectiban 25% WP or
5.7% EC (permethrin)
(Atroban, Insectrin,
Overtime, Permaban,
and Permectrin II
are other permethrin
products registered
for use as surface
residual sprays.)

Ectrin 10% WDL
(fenvalerate)

Rabon 50% WP
(siirofos)

3 qt/25 gal water.
Use 1 gal/500 sq ft.

2 gal/25 gal water.
Use I gal/500 sq ft.

1 gal/25 gal water.
Use 1-2 gal/ 1, 000 sq
ft.

6 oz 25% WP/II gal
water or 1 qt 5.7%
EC/12.5 gal water. Use
1 gal/750 sq ft.

0 days. Residue persists 3-5 weeks.

0 days. Do not use in poultry houses. Residue
persists 1 week.

0 days. Remove all animals before spraying.
Keep them out for at least 4 hours. Do not
use in dairy barns or poultry houses. Residue
persists 2-4 weeks.

0 days. Residue persists 3-7 weeks.

1 qt/10 gal water.
Use I gal/750 sq ft.

4-8 lb/25 gal water
Use 1-2 gal/ 1,000 sq
ft.

0 days for swine buildings. Use only in swine
buildings and in horse barns where horses are
not to be slaughtered. Residue persists 3-7
weeks.

0 days. Residue persists 2-4 weeks.

17

Fly Control, continued

Pest

Treatment
method

Material and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

HOUSE FLIES,
STABLE FLIES,
BLOW FLIES,
ETC., cent.

Bait

Resin strip

Manure spray

Feed additive

Baits may enhance house fly control; they do not attract stable flies. Bait applications of insecticides
used in surface residual sprays can be prepared by adding sugar or corn syrup to the spray tank
mixture. Follow directions on individual product labels. Dry baits can be sprinkled in areas where
flies congregate. Do not place dry baits in areas where birds or animals will contact the bait. Do not
contaminate feed or water.

Dipterex 1% Dry
Bait (trichlorfon)

Golden Malrin 1%
Dry Bait
(methomyl)

Vapona 0.5% Dry
Bait (dichlorvos)

4 oz/1.000 sq ft. 0 days.

4 oz/1,000 sq ft. 0 days.

4 oz/1,000 sq ft. 0 days.

Farm Strip 20%
resin strip
(dichlorvos)

Suspend 1 strip/
1 ,000 cu ft.

0 days. Close doors and windows so that vapor
concentrations reach recommended levels. Do
not hang near light bulbs or within reach of
animals.

Manure sprays control fly larvae that are developing in treated feces. Migration of adult flies from
nearby areas can occur if any breeding sites remain untreated. Manure sprays are recommended only
where manure cannot be removed on a weekly basis. Apply sprays at rates that wet the manure
surface; soaking is not necessary. Repeat applications as necessary, but not more often than every 7
days. Do not apply where mammals or birds will come in contact with the manure. Do not apply
treated manure to crops not listed on the insecticide label.

Cygon 23.4% EC
(dimethoate)

Rabon 50% WP or
24% EC (stirofos)

Ravap 28.7% EC
(stirofos plus
dichlorvos)

Vapona 23.4% EC
(dichlorvos)

0.5 pt/5 qt water. 0 days.

Apply as a coarse spray.

4 lb 50% WP or 1 0 days,

gal 24% EC/25 gal
water. Use 1 gal/
100 sq ft. manure.

1 gal/25 gal water. 0 days.

Use 1 gal/ 100 sq ft

manure.

1 gal/25 gal water. 0 days.

Use 1-2 qt/100 sq ft
manure.

Feed additives used to prevent the development of fly larvae in feces provide minimal control of flies
in livestock buildings. Feed additives do not reach house fly and stable fly larvae that develop in sites
other than fresh manure. Good sanitation more eff^ectively prohibits larval development. Animals
must consistently consume recommended dosages for feed additives to be effective against fly larvae
in manure.

Moorman's 0.02%
IGR (methoprene)

Rabon 7.76% or
97.3% Oral Larvacide
(stirofos)

0.25-0.5 lb/ 100 lb
body weight/animal/
month.

70 mg a.i./lOO lb
body weight/day.

0 days. Feed mineral mix or block from May
through September. Beef cattle and dairy cat-
tle only.

0 days. Use from May through September.
Mix with complete feeds, concentrates, or
protein supplements. For beef cattle, dairy
cattle, and hogs only.

Biological Several companies sell parasitic wasps for use in controlling flies around livestock buildings and

agents feedlots. These predaceous wasps attack only flies; they do not sting (or bite) other insects, animals,

or humans. Adult wasps (less than 1/10-inch long) deposit eggs on or inside fly larvae or pupae.

Developing wasps kill the immature flies. Suppliers usually recommend wasp releases (several thousand

wasps per release) before and during the fly season.

For biological control programs to eff^ectively manage flies around livestock facilities, frequent and
thorough sanitation practices (including manure removal, water management, and weed control) must
be practiced. Some suppliers also recommend certain insecticide applications to supplement the
control provided by biological agents. In many instances it is difficult to assess the separate impacts
of parasitic wasps, sanitation practices, and insecticide applications. Although wasp releases have been
shown to be effective for fly control in certain poultry housing, research data do not support other
uses of currently available biological controls for flies. If biological control agents are to significantly
contribute to fly control programs, integration with sanitation and chemical control practices is
essential.

18

Fly Control, continued

Pest

Treatment
method

Material and
formulation

Dilution
and rate

Preslaughter interval,
restrictions, comments

CONTROL OF
FLIES IN
MILKING ROOMS

Although effective Hy control is essential in dairy barns and milkrooms, small amounts of pesticides can be detected in
milk, and their presence is often illegal. To control flies and avoid residue problems, the following steps are recommended:

1 . Use good sanitation and recommended insecticides in dairy barns to reduce the number of flies entering the milkroom.

2. Use sticky fly strips where appropriate.

3. Use tight screens (14-16 mesh) on milkroom doors and windows. Copper, aluminum, bronze, plastic, or rust-resisting
screens are best.

4. Dichlorvos resin strips will give excellent control if windows and doors are kept closed when one strip per 1,000
cubic feet of space is used. Replace strips when they become ineffective.

5. Use a mist or aerosol spray of 0.06-0.1% pyrethrin plus piperonyl butoxide oil-based fly sprays in the milkroom when
resin strips do not give adequate fly control. To prevent milk contamination, cover all milking utensils, cans, bulk
tanks, and containers before spraying.

RATTAILED The ratiailed maggot is the larval stage of a syrphid fly. The 1 '/i-inch long maggot has a cylindrical body about '/4-inch

MAGGOTS 'ong and a tail-like breathing tube that extends '/2-inch from the posterior of the body. The adult fly is a bee-like hover

fly that is not a pest on or around livestock or humans.

Rattailed maggots live in highly polluted water such as that in livestock lagoons and manure pits. When larvae are ready
to pupate, they migrate from lagoons and pits to adjacent, drier areas. They become pests when they enter feed, egg
cartons, and milking rooms.

To limit rattailed maggot development, eliminate floating solids within pits and keep pit sidewalls clean. Agitate the pit
contents or pump the pit weekly. Although insecticides are of limited value in managing rattailed maggots, application
of Ravap to the pit surface provides some control. Use 1 pint Ravap 28.7% EC per Vh gallons fuel oil and apply 1
gallon of the spray mixture per 100 square feet of pit surface. (Do not agitate the pit contents after application.) Repeat
applications as needed, but not more often than every 7 days.

Limit rattailed maggot migration by constructing a soil barrier between the pit and the milking room. Migrating larvae
will burrow into the loose soil to pupate instead of continuing their migration into milking rooms, etc.

19

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
WILLIAM R. OSCHWALD, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Illinois Cooperative Extension
Service provides equal opportunities in programs and employment. 5M — 11-85 — 62626 — ct

UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-URBANA

3 0112 018397197