U.630.7 116c no. 897 1979 cop. 5 UNIVERSITY OF Digitized by the Internet Archive ^ il53£NA -CHAMPAIGN ■ in 2011 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign http://www.archive.org/details/insectpestmanage71979univ AGRIC 1979 Insect Pest Management Guide COMMERCIAL VEGETABLE CROPS And GREENHOUSE VEGETABLES You must be certified as a pesticide applicator to use restricted-use pesticides. See your county Extension adviser in agriculture for information. Commercial vegetable gardeners find it impossible to pro- duce vegetables profitably unless they control insects at maximum efficiency and minimum cost. The housewife of today will not accept unsightly wormy vegetables; not only are wormy fruits and vegetables unappetizing but the waste from trimming increases food costs. Thus the com- mercial vegetable gardener must produce a quality product that is acceptable and safe to the consumer. Careful use of the right insecticides will enable him to do this. Insect pest management programs, which include the wise selection of cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods, are suggested for the major insect pests of vegetable crops and greenhouses. But, insecticides are still the most efficient means of managing most insects. This suggested insecticide guide has been prepared for use by Illinois commercial vegetable farmers; it is not for home gardeners, who should use only those insecticides that are extremely safe to handle, apply, and store. Fur- thermore, the commercial vegetable gardener must use a wider variety of insecticides than the home gardener in order to obtain maximum insect control at the least cost. In using insecticides, read the label and carefully follow the instructions. Do not exceed maximum rates suggested; observe carefully the interval between application and har- vest, and apply only to crops for which use has been ap- proved. Make a record of the product used, the trade name, the percentage content of the insecticide, the dilution, the rate of application per acre, and the dates of application. Some of the insecticides suggested here can be poison- ous to the applicator. In using them, the commercial grower is expected to use precautions to protect himself, his work- ers, and his family from undue or needless exposure. In using this guide, always refer to the table on the next page, which lists the limitations and restrictions on use. These limitations apply to the vegetables as human food. If you use any portion of a vegetable for livestock food (tops, stalks, etc.) refer to the label for instructions as to the interval required between application and feeding. The chemical names used in these tables may be un- familiar to you. These names are the common coined chemical names and as such are not capitalized. Trade names are capitalized. In the table of limitations the com- mon names are listed first. If the trade name is more com- monly used, it is listed in parentheses following the common name. Throughout the tables of suggestions, how- ever, the common name is used if there is one. In case of question, refer to the table of limitations. These suggestions are subject to change without notifi- cation during the growing season. Requested label clearances for a few uses of insecti- cides, carriers, and solvents are uncertain for 1979, since many requests have not been officially cleared. Anticipating needed changes in labeling, we began modifying these sug- gested uses a few years ago. Be sure to check with your county Extension adviser if you are in doubt about the insecticide you plan to use. We will make announcements of label changes through the newsletters and news media to keep you up to date. Insecticides are being classified for general use or re- stricted use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A person wishing to use an insecticide classified for re- stricted use must be certified as a private or commercial pesticide applicator by the Illinois Department of Agri- culture. Contact your county Extension adviser in agricul- ture for details on this program. Only a few insecticides have been classified at this time. More will be classified later. Insecticides bearing a restricted-use classification are identified by an asterisk (*) in this circular. Suggestions for use of insecticides effective from a practical standpoint are based on available data. Soil tex- tures, pH of the soil, rainfall, slope of the field, wind velocity at planting, method and accuracy of application, and other unpredictable factors affect efficiency. This publication was prepared by entomologists of the University of Illinois College of Agriculture and the Illi- nois Natural History Survey. UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE In cooperation with ILLINOIS NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY CIRCULAR 897 (revised annually) November, 1978 LIMITATIONS FOR FIELD VEGETABLES IN DAYS BETWEEN APPLICATION AND HARVEST AND OTHER RESTRICTIONS ON USE OF INSECTICIDES IN ILLINOIS (Blank spaces indicate that the material is not suggested for the specific use in Illinois) Broc- Brussels Cab- Cauli- Horse- Rad- Tur- Egg- Pep- Toma- Beans Peas coli sprouts bage flower radish1 ish1 nip1 Onions plant pers toes Insecticide acephate (Orthene) .... *azinphosmethyl (Guthion)2 Bacillus thuringiensis3 . . . carbaryl (Sevin) carbofuran (Furadan) . . Dasanit *demeton (Systox) diazinon dicofol (Kelthane) dimethoate (Cygon) .... Dyfonate ethion malathion *methomyl (Lannate) . . . mevinphos (Phosdrin)2. . Monitor naled (Dibrom) oxydemetonmethyl (Meta-Systox R) *parathion2 phorate (Thimet)2 rotenone trichlorfon (Dylox) 7E OE 7 C 1, OE 5A 15 0 3 21 0 3 15 0 3 7 C 3 3 1 21 1 7 3 3 21 1 21 3 C 7 1 1 35 1 10 21 7 C 7 3 3 28 1 21 3 3, 14A C,D 0 10 10 14 C 7 5 3 3 4 10 28E 3 7F 15 1 0 21B 3 10 0B 15 1 21 10 1 21 Insecticide Pota- Col- Let- Spin- Swiss Sweet Cucum- Mel- Pump- Squash4 toes1 lards Kale tuce ach chard corn bers4 ons4 kins4 Winter Summer Bacillus thuringiensis3 . . carbaryl (Sevin) diazinon dicofol (Kelthane) dimethoate (Cygon) . . . Dyfonate malathion *methomyl (Lannate) . . . *mevinphos (Phosdrin)2. Mocap naled (Dibrom) *parathion2 phorate (Thimet)2 rotenone trichlorfon (Dylox) 15 10 3F 15 15 * Use restricted to certified applicators only. ' Root crops such as radishes, turnips, carrots, horseradish, potatoes, and sugar beets should not be grown in soil where aldrin, dieldrin, or heptachlor was applied as a soil insecticide the pre- ceding year. * Use only by professional applicators or commercial gardeners. 3 Trade names are Bactur, Dipel, and Thuricide. 4 Only apply insecticide late in the day after blossoms have closed to reduce bee kill. A. If tops or stover are to be used as feed. B. Not more than twice per season. C. Soil applications at planting time only. D. Do not use on green onion crop. E. Do not use tops for feed or food. F. Not more than three times per season. G. Not after edible portions or heads begin to form. Workers must wear protective clothing if they enter treated fields before the time intervals shown at the right. They must also wear protective clothing for all other insecticides applied if the spray has not dried or the dust has not settled. REENTRY INTERVALS FOR WORKER PROTECTION Insecticide Hours azinphosmethyl (Guthion) 24 demeton (Systox) 48 ethion 24 parathion 48 /\gx CABBAGE AND RELATED COLE CROPS Insert Time of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Cabbage maggot1 All season IIE-44) diazinon Dvfonaie Broadcast Disk in just before planting. Use only for cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli. diazinon granules Furrow At time of planting; on turnips a drench- ing spray of 1 lb. diazinon should be applied 30 days following treatment. "azinphosmethy diazinon 3oz. W.P. or 2oz. E.C. per 50 gal. transplant water 4 oz. per 50 gal. transplant water 6 fluid oz. transplant water per plant. Aphid (NHE-47) All season *azinphosmethvl Va Thrips(NHE-48) dimethoate 0.3 malathion 1 *mevinphos Va *parathion 0.4 Diamond-back All season Bacillus See rates moth larva; thuringiensis on label imported cabbage ♦methomyl 0.45-0.9 worm; cabbage Monitor 1 looper (NHE-45) Foliage When aphids appear, but before leaves begin to curl. Foliage When small worms first appear, and about every 5 to 7 days thereafter. Thor- ough spray coverage of foliage is im- portant. Cutworm At planting trichlorton 1 Soil At planting, at base of plant or as needed when damage first occurs. Flea beetle and leafhopper All season carbaryl IV2 Foliage As needed. * I 'se restricted to certified applicators only. 1 Magpots are resistant to diazinon in some areas of Illinois. E.C.= emulsion concentrate; W.P. = wettable powder. COLLARDS, KALE, LETTUCE, SPINACH, SWISS CHARD Insect Time Pounds of active of attack Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Aphid (NHE-47) All season Caterpillar (NHE-45) diazinon y* dimetlu^ate 0.3 *mevinphos m naled i *parathion 0.4 Foliage As needed. Cutworm On seedling plants trichlorfon 1 Base of plant and soil When first damage appears. Leafhopper All season carbaryl dimethoate malathion \y2 0.3 1 Foliage When first leafhoppers appear and as needed. All season Bacillus See rates thuringiensis methomyl1 naled on label 0.45 1 Foliage When small worms first appear and every 5 to 7 days thereafter. Leaf miner All season diazinon dimethoate *parathion Yi 0.3 0.4 Foliage When first miners are observed. Flea beetle All season carbarvl rotenone 1 Foliage As needed. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. 1 Use limited to lettuce and spinach only. Insect Time of attack Insecticide BEANS Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Seed maggot (NHE-27) All season diazinon 50% W.P.1 3/5 oz./bu. Seed Lorsban25%W.P.1 2 oz./bu. Seed Treat seed no longer than 3 months before planting. phorate granules IK Soilband Place on either or both sides of row at planting but not in contact with seed. Bean leaf beetle (NHE-67) Early and late season carbaryl malathion Foliage When feeding first appears and weekly for 2 or 3 applications as needed. Leafhopper All season carbaryl 1 (NHE-22) and dimethoate 0.3 plant bug malathion 1 (NHE-68) *methomyl 0.45 Foliage Before plants become yellow and stunted. Repeat applications at weekly intervals as necessary. phorate granules IK Soilband As for seed maggot. Mexican bean beetle Midseason and late season carbaryl malathion K 1 Foliage When occasional leaves show lacework feeding. phorate granules m Soilband As for seed maggot. Aphid (NHE-47) All season dimethoate malathion 0.3 1 Foliage Usually applied when a few aphids can be found on each plant, but before leaves begin to curl and deform. phorate granules IK Soilband As for seed maggot. Blister beetle (NHE-72) Midseason and late season carbaryl IK Foliage As needed. Corn earworm (NHE-33) Corn borer Late season carbaryl *methomyl *parathion IK 0.45 H Foliage As needed, but usually after September 1. Worms may be present before bloom. Mites Midseason and late season dicofol dimethoate malathion 0.4 0.3 1 Foliage As needed, but especially during drouthy periods particularly it carbaryl has been used on crops. phorate granules IK Soilband As for seed maggot. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. 1 No restrictions when used as recommended. CUCUMBERS AND OTHER VINE CROPS1 Insect Time Pounds of active of attack Insecticide2 ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application1 Striped and spotted cucumber beetles (NHE-46) Seedling to mature plants carbaryl *parathion 1 K Foliage When beetles first appear; as often as necessary thereafter. Aphid (NHE-47) All season diazinon K dimethoate2 0.3 malathion 1 *parathion K Foliage When aphids become noticeable. Squash bug (NHE-51) All season *parathion trichlorfon3 K 1 Foliage Do not apply until first eggs are found hatching (about June 15 to July 15). Leafhopper July-August malathion dimethoate2 1 0.3 Foliage As needed. Squash vine borer June- September carbaryl 1 Base of stem for 3 ft. Weekly applications when vines begin to run — usually 5 applications. Pickle worm August- September carbaryl 1 Foliage Weekly applications, beginning in late August. Mites July- September dicofol malathion *parathion K 1 K Foliage As needed. Cutworm (NHE-77) April-June carbaryl 2 Base of plants As needed. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. 1 Spray vine crops with insecticide only late in the day after blossoms * Do not use dimethoate on cucumbers. * Pumpkin is the only vine crop for which trichlorfon can be used for have closed to reduce bee kill, squash bug control. TOMATOES AND EGGPLANT Insect Time of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Cutworm (NHE-77) Early and midseason carbaryl trichlorfon 2 1 Base of plants or foliage As needed. Flea beetle May- June carbaryl rotenone 2 0.2-0.4 Foliage Apply every week as long as needed. Aphid (NHE-47) May-July diazinon H dimethoatc1 0.3 malathion 1 *parathion 0.4 Foliage As needed, but before leaves curl. Cabbage looper July- September Bacillus thuringiensis *methomyI See rates on label 0.45-0.9 Foliage When loopers are present. Corn earworm Corn borer July- September; occasionally in June carbaryl *methomyl1 2 Foliage Add to weekly applications of fungicide 0.45-0.9 sprays beginning at first fruit set. If spraying is infrequent, use 6 lb. of toxa- phene. Hornworm July- September carbaryl trichlorfon Foliage When first small worms appear. Mites July- September carbophenothion dicofol malathion *parathion 1 H l 0.4 Foliage As needed. Russet mite July- September *parathion sulfur dust2 sulfur spray" 0.4 10 10 Foliage As needed. Blister beetle (NHE-72) June- September carbaryl *parathion 1M H Foliage As needed. Fruit fly and picnic beetle August- October diazinon spray diazinon granules XA Foliage When flies or beetles first appear. pyrethrin dust2 Foliage Apply to hamper immediately after it is filled. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. 1 Use cleared only on tomatoes. 3 No limitations on use. PEPPERS Insect Time of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Aphid (NHE-47) May-July dimethoate 0.3 demeton Y% *methomvl 0.45 oxydemetonmethyl ]/?, acephate lA Foliage Only when aphids are present. Add to borer spray when it is being used. Corn borer Late season carbaryl acephate 2 1 F"oliage and fruit When fruit is present on plant. Apply everv 5 days when borers are present. carbofuran 2-3 Soilband to transplant Make 2 applications; first, 3 weeks after transplant, second, 5 weeks later. * Use restricted « to certified applicators only. ASPARAGUS Insect Time of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Asparagus beetle (NHE-49) Early and mid- season on spears and ferns carbaryl1 malathion1 rotenone1 i 0.2-0.4 Spears and ferns Spears As needed, not more often than every 3 days. As needed. 1 One-day restriction between last application and harvest. SWEET CORN Insect Time Pounds of active of attack Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Soil insects April-August (NHE-26, 27,43) Corn borer diazinon Dyfonare Mocap phorate Row Apply on soil surface behind planter shoe and ahead of press wheel. Cutworm (NHE-38) April-June carbaryl1 carbaryl bait 2-3 1 Base of plants When first damage appears. Flea beetle (NHE-36) April-July carbaryl1 m Foliage As necessary. Japanese beetle (NHE-32) July- September carbaryl1 i Ear zone As necessary. June- September carbaryl1 *methomyl 2 Foliage Make first application when tassel ratio 0.45 is 30 to 40. Repeat every 4 to 5 days as long as field has 20 or more unhatched egg masses per 100 plants. Corn earworm2 (NHE-33) June- September carbaryl1 *methomyl 2 Ear zone Market corn: At first silk and every 2 to 0.45 3 days for 5 to 8 applications. On very early or late planted corn, treatment may be necessary before silking when eggs are being laid on stalks and flag leaves. Canning corn: At 30 to 50% silk and every 3 days thereafter until corn is with- in 8 to 12 days of harvest. Sap beetle July- carbaryl1 (NHE-10) September diazinon Picnic beetle malathion *parathion 2 1 1 y2 Foliage When adults first appear in field; usually between pollen-shedding and silk-drying. Corn leaf aphid (NHE-29) July- September malathion *parathion Foliage As needed to produce attractive ears for fresh market. Fall armyworm July- September *methomyl *parathion 0.45 Foliage Apply to ear zone when whorl feeding is Y evident. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. 1 During pollen shed, apply carbaryl as late in the day as possible (preferably after 4 p.m.) to reduce bee kill. J Addition of 0.5 to 0.75 pound of parathion or 0.25 to 0.45 pound of methomyl to carbaryl improves earworm control. ONIONS Insect Time of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Onion maggot (NHE-50) All season diazinon W.P. ethion W.P. Y2-\ for 40-50 lb. of seed 1 for 40-50 lb. of seed Seed Seed treatment for set onions only. Use lighter dosage of diazinon on sandy, highly mineral soils. Dasanit granules 1 diazinon granules J^-l Dyfonate 1 ethion granules Y^-l diazinon diazinon malathion Use 1 lb. active ingredient per acre for Furrow rows 12" apart; % lb. for rows 18" apart; Yi lb. for rows 24" apart. Up to twice these amounts are needed for ethion on muck soils. Do not use Dasanit or Dyfon- ate on green onions. Broadcast Preplanting; disk into upper 1 to 2 inches of soil. Supplement with foliage spray below. V% Foliage 1 Supplemental to soil treatment. Make first application when first adult flies are seen; make another 1 week later. From then on only as necessary. Thrips (NHE-48) Midseason and diazinon late season malathion Foliage When injury first appears and every 10 days as necessary. POTATOES Insect Time of attack Insecticide Pounds of active ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application beetle May-July car ban. 1 *methomyl 1 0.45 Foliage When first damage appears on leaves, and repeat as needed. Colorado potato beetle May-July carbaryl 1 Foliage As needed. to leaf hopper (NHE-22) May-July carbaryl 1 dimethoate 0.3 *merhomvl 0.45 Foliage Weekly applications when leafhoppers first appear. phorate granules 2-3 Soilband Place on either or both sides of row at planting but not in contact with seed. Use lower rate on sandy soils and heavier rate on heavy soils. Do not use on muck soils. Aphid (NHE-47) All season dimethoate 0.3 malathion 1 *methomyl 0.45 *parathion Ya Foliage As needed. phorate granules 2-3 Soilband As for leafhoppers. Blister beetle All season (NHE-72) carbaryl IH Foliage As needed. Wireworm (NHE-43) All season White grub (Ml E-23) phorate granules 2-3 Soil Preplanting, disk in; or use as soilband at planting. Grasshopper July- (NHE-74) September carbaryl H Foliage As needed, control in fence rows, road- sides, ditch banks, etc., before migration. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. PEAS Insect Time Pounds of active of attack Insecticide ingredient per acre Placement Timing of application Caterpillars June including loopers Aphids May-June *methomyl dimethoate Vt-\ Foliage % Foliage Before harvest if worms are present. As needed. * Use restricted to certified applicators only. Limitations for Greenhouse Tomatoes Insecticide Tomatoes endosulfan (Thiodan) 15 hours malathion 15 hours metaldehyde As bait applied only to soil naled (Dibrom) 1 day *parathion' 10 days * Use restricted to certified applicators only. 1 Do not use aerosols that contain parathion, tepp, or the propellant methyl chloride in greenhouses connected to living quarters. GREENHOUSE TOMATOES Insect Insecticide1 Dosage and formulation Application Aphid malathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Whitefly naled vapor 5 oz. of 4% E.C. per 50,000 cu. ft. Apply on steampipes. *parathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Mealybug Spider mite Russet mite Thrip Use malathion or parathion aerosol as suggested for aphid and whitefly. Armyworm malathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Cabbage looper Cutworm Tomato fruitworm *parathion aerosol 1 lb. 10% aerosol per 50,000 cu. ft. In a closed greenhouse above plants. Slug metaldehyde Commercially prepared bait or spray To mulch on soil surface. Do not con- taminate edible parts. * Use restricted * See page 7 for to certified applicators only. limitations between application and harvest. FOR ADDITONAL INFORMATION Obtain the following circulars on insect control from the Office of Agricultural Publications, 123 Mum ford Hall, Urbana, Illinois 61801. Circular 899, 1979 Insect Pest Management Guide — Field and Forage Crops Circular 900, 1979 Insect Pest Management Guide — Home, Yard, and Garden Circular 1076, Turf grass Pest Control Leaflets describing the life history, biology, and habits of some of the insects mentioned can be obtained from the offices of county Extension advisers or by writing to Ento- mology Extension, 169 Natural Resources Building, Ur- bana, Illinois 61801. These are indicated by an NHE number in the tables. FOR YOUR Always handle insecticides with respect. The persons most likely to suffer ill effects from insecticides are the applicator and his family. Accidents and careless, needless overexposure can be avoided. Here are a few easy rules that if followed will prevent most insecticide accidents: 1. Wear rubber gloves when handling insecticide con- centrates. 2. Do not smoke while handling or using insecticides. 3. Keep your face turned to one side when opening in- secticide containers. 4. Leave unused insecticides in their original containers with the labels on them. 5. Store insecticides out of reach of children, irrespon- sible persons, or animals; store preferably in a locked cabinet. 6. Triple-rinse and bury or burn all empty insecticide containers or take to an approved sanitary landfill. 7. Do not put the water-supply hose directly into the spray tank. PROTECTION 8. Do not blow out clogged nozzles or spray lines with your mouth. 9. Wash with soap and water exposed parts of body and clothes contaminated with insecticide. 10. Do not leave puddles of spray on impervious surfaces. 11. Do not apply to fish-bearing or other water supplies. 12. Do not apply insecticides, except in an emergency, to areas with abundant wildlife or to blossoming crops visited by bees. Avoid drift onto blossoming crops or onto bee hives. 13. Do not apply insecticides near dug wells or cisterns. 14. Do not spray when weather conditions favor drift. 15. Observe all precautions listed on the label. 16. To avoid bee kill, apply insecticides after bee activ- ity has been completed for the day; use the least toxic materials. Warn beekeepers that you are applying in- secticides. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture. JOHN B. CLAAR, Director, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The Illinois Cooperative Extension Service provides equal op- portunities in programs and employment. 6M — 11-78 — 42479 — RES «■■■«•«— •"• %$sr* C005