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.) USDRPARTMENT OP ACRICLTURE

Mise
5 Sail ~> No. 192

Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology, L. O. Howard, Chief,
April 8, 1915.

(PROFESSIONAL PAPER.)

INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETABLE CROPS IN
| PORTO RICO.'

By Tuomas H. Jonzs,
Entomological Assistant, Truck Crop and Stored Product Insect Investigations.

INTRODUCTION.

_ The following article can not be considered to include references to
all the many insects which attack vegetable crops in Porto Rico.
‘Undoubtedly there are many other insect species which are pests on
‘plants, commonly classed as vegetables, that are grown on the
island. Nevertheless it seems well to present the data available—
‘data which have been obtained from references already published
‘and from observations made by the writer since November, 1911,
while a member of the staff of the experiment station of the Porto
Rico Sugar Producers’ Association. Especially does it seem timely
to publish this paper because of the effort being made by the United
States Department of Agriculture to obtain information upon the
obnoxious insects lable to introduction into the United States, and
because of the steps that are being taken to prevent them from being
introduced. While it will be noted that many of the species men-
tioned in the following pages already occur in the United States,
“several are not known to be present on the mainland.

_ The determinations of the insects mentioned as having been ob-
served by the writer have been made, with few exceptions, by spe-
‘cialists of the Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of
Agriculture. The names of several of the wild host plants and
‘of the fungi have been supplied by Mr. J. R. Johnston, pathologist
‘of the experiment station of the Porto Rico Sugar Producers’
_ Association.

_ It may be said in general that vegetables suffer severe injury in
Porto Rico from insects. The vegetables grown are, for the most
part, the same as those of the markets of the United States, although
; 1The observations on which this paper was founded were conducted by the author while a collaborator
in Porto Rico. ~-

_ Note.—This bulletin enumerates the more common insects attacking vegetable crops in Porto Rico;
_ of interest to entomologists.

78774°—Bull. 192—15

A
i
é
:

9 BULLETIN 192, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

there are some with which the visitor from the North is not familiar!
Among these may be mentioned a cucurbit, the ‘‘chayote’’ (Sechiu
edule); the ‘Ieren”’ (Calathea allowya), a canna-like plant with edible}
tubers; and the various members of the genera Xanthosoma |
Colocasia, known as “yautias,” the latter known also as the
“‘dasheen’’ in the southern United States.

The following figures, taken from the Summary of Transactions in
the United States Customs District of Porto Rico, show the value
of the vegetables brought into Porto Rico during the fiscal year
ended June 30, 1912:

Vegetables, dried, canned, and pickled, imported by Porto Rico during fiscal year ended
June 80, 1912. |

Domestic merchan- | Merchandise im-
dise from United ported from for-

Z States. eign countries.
Commodity. ; : :
Quantity.| Value. /Quantity.| Value.
Bushels. Bushels
Beanstand: dried: peas:2-% 2523. S225. S552. Foe eee SS 179,131 | $543,577 old $21, 020
WIN OTS See eee eee ea as ee oi ain Saino ae ape ela eee 16, 446 25, 624 42,574 33, 224
FP OLALORS ters sso i Sa eee ne re re een ted meee ee relevent 141,797 | 164, 410 51, 960 48, 682
PMI Oters (GANG)! 2. sees se en ee och ce ne Ee tea aoe | etna tee 430832). -<-.eene 12,571
All others (including pickles‘and sauces) -: 5-2-2525) 2 45... Pee see NS NAZ fa 327: See 82,703 |
Motall value. =a. sesso fa cosa a = Soe Sos aoe Haseeno ators eee eee (PPA DAL a ene css 198, 200

These figures indicate that the cultivation of vegetables could well |
be extended by those who have sufficient land at their disposal, and
further study of the various vegetable insects, especially as regards
control measures, would be of great importance in encouraging such
cultivation.

THYSANOPTERA AND HEMIPTERA, OR SUCKING INSECTS.

THRIPS TABACI Lind.

This well-known species, the onion thrips, has been found attacking
onions.
PEREGRINUS MAIDIS Ashm.

Where it occurs in abundance down among the unrolling leaves of
corn, as it often does in Porto Rico, this “leafhopper” injures the ©
leaves so that they have the appearance of having been scorched by
fire. The presence of the “honeydew” which they secrete is respon-
sible for the attendance of various ants and flies.

JASSIDA.

| :

‘Agatha tenella Ball,” presumably Futettix tenella Baker, was men- i
tioned by Mr. Barrett in 19041 as having ‘‘injured beans and other
small crops,’ and in the same year this species was mentioned on

1 Barrett,O.W. Report of . . . entomologist and botanist. In Porto Rico Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann. Rpt.
for 1903 (U.S. D. A. Office Expt. Stas. Rpt. 1903], p. 448, 1904.

7 :

INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETABLE CROPS IN PORTO RICO.

|page 84 of Bulletin No. 44 of the Division of Entomology, United
States Department of Agriculture, as having been sent from Porto
‘Rico by Mr. Barrett, with the statement that it damaged the leaves
of beans, cowpeas, and other plants.
_ Mr. Barrett also mentioned Hmpoasca mali LeB., the currant leaf-
hopper, in his 1903 report, above referred to (p. 448), as the ‘severest
insect enemy of beans and cowpeas.”

The writer has found Hmpoasca mali causing acute injury to
garden beans, the leaves being badly curled and distorted.

APHIDIDA.

_ Though several species of aphides, or plant lice, attack vegetables,
the well-known “melon aphis,”’ Aphis gossypvi Glov., is apparently
the only one specifically recorded from the island. Mr. Barrett men-
tioned it in 1905,‘ and in 1906 Mr. Henricksen,? in discussing the
cultivation of watermelons, stated that it “‘ often infests the undersides
of the leaves.”’

Aphis gossypvi has been observed in abundance on cucumber, while
other aphides have been found attacking corn, okra, and mustard.
In his report for 1903 (p. 447) Mr. Barrett also stated that ‘a black
aphid was found on a plant purchased as Alocasia marshallir, but
believed to be a Xanthosoma”’ (yautia), and that “the malanga
(Colocasia antiquorum esculentum) is occasionally attacked by an aphid
which is usually parasitized by a whitish fungus and a hymenopter.”’

In the article in Bulletin No. 44 of the Division of Entomology the
statement is made, on page 84, that, according to Mr. Barrett, an
unknown species of Aphis seriously affects squashes.

Mr. Henricksen has mentioned, in the previously cited bulletin on
vegetable growing (p. 38), an “‘eggplant aphis, asmall light gray, mealy
looking insect,” which ‘“‘appears on the underside of the leaves.”’

Aphis gossypu and other aphides found on okra are attacked by
an internal parasite, perhaps Aphidius testaceipes Cress. A fungus,
Acrostalagmus albus Preuss, attacks various species, and at least five
species of ladybird beetles which feed upon aphides are present in
Porto Rico. These are: Cycloneda sanguinea L., Megilla innotata
Vauls., Scymnus roseicollis Muls., Scymnus loeww Muls., and Hyper-
aspis aprcalis Muls. Syrphid flies are also common.

ALEYRODES sp.

Mr. Tower? in 1908 stated that ‘‘a white fly (Aleyrodes sp.) ap-
peared in great numbers on the peppers and tomatoes” at the experi-
ment station at Mayaguez, P. R. He further mentions that ‘there

1 Barrett,O. W. Reportof... entomologist and botanist. In Porto Rico Agr. Expt. Sta. for 1904
(U.S. D. A. Office Expt. Stas. Rpt. 1904], p. 396, 1905.

2 Henricksen, H.C. Vegetable growing in Porto Rico. Porto Rico Agr. Expt. Sta. Bul. 7, p.58, 1906.

3 Tower, W.V. Report of the Entomologist and Plant Pathologist. Porto Rico Agr. Expt. Sta. Ann.
Rpt. for 1907, p. 36.

4 BULLETIN 192, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

—

appears to be a great number of parasites.’’ Two species of syrphid
flies were reared and a parasitic fungus was observed. |

Coccip2&.

The following scale insects have been taken on truck crops: Saissetia;
hemispherica Targ. (Pl. I, fig. 1) and Hemichionaspis minor Mask. on
egeplant, and Diaspis pentagona Targ. on okra and pepper.

A mealybug has been found at the roots of celery and corn which
has been determined as Pseudococcus sp. near citri Risso. It was
abundant on the crowns of plants growing in rather dry soil, and was
in many cases attended by the “‘fire ant,”’ Solenopsis geminata Fab.

SPARTOCERA BATATAS Fab.

Adults (PL. I, fig. 2) and nymphs of Spartocera batatas have been ob-
served in great abundance on sweet potato, their beaks embedded in
the stalks and leaf petioles of the plants.

CoRYTHUCA GOssyPpm Fab.

The tingitid Corythuca gossypu, which breeds on the undersides of
yautia leaves, also occurs in the same situation on the sword bean
(Canavalia ensiformis) and the castor bean (Ricinus communis).

Purura prota Drury.

This coreid bug (PI. I, fig. 3) attacks tomato and Solanum nigrum —
var. americanum at Rio Piedras, and both adults and nymphs have |
been observed by the writer inserting their beaks into the fruit of -
both host plants.

CORYTHAICA MONACHA Stal.

Nymphs and adults of Corythaica monacha have been observed to
be so abundant on the undersides of the leaves of eggplant that all q
the foliage withered, turned brown, and fell from the plant. Although —
this was an unusual instance, this tingitid is an important enemy of
the eggplant. Plants of a common solanaceous weed, Solanum
torvum, are also often attacked.

ORTHOPTERA. a

SCAPTERISCUS DipacTyLus Latr.

Probably the most notorious of Porto Rico insects is the ‘“‘mole |
cricket,” or ‘‘changa”’ (Scapteriscus didactylus) , which injures many
vegetables by cutting off the plants at or just below the surface of :
the soil. :

In the most complete article on this species so far published in
English’ it is stated that ‘‘among the small crops the tomato, egg-

1 Barrett, O.W. The changa or mole cricket (Scapteriscus didactylus Latr.) in Porto Rico. Porto Rico
Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 2, 19 p., 1 fig., 1902.

Bul. 192, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. PLATE I.

INSECT ENEMIES OF VEGETABLE CROPS IN PorTO RICo.

Fic. 1.—The hemispherical scale (Saissetia hemisphwxrica) on eggplant. Fic. 2.—Spartocera
batatas; Adult. Greatly enlarged. Fic. 3.—Phthia picta: Adult male. Much enlarged.
Fic. 4.—Cerotoma denticornis: Beetle. Enlarged. Fic. 5.—Cerotoma denticornis: Pale va-
riety. Enlarged. (Original.) ;

EEE EE eee

Bul, 192, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. : PLATE Il.

Fic. 1.—PIERIS MONUSTE: MALE BUTTERFLY. MUCH ENLARGED.
(ORIGINAL. )

Fic. 2.—NACOLEIA INDICATA: MALE MOTH. ENLARGED. (ORIGINAL.)

LEPIDOPTERA INJURIOUS TO VEGETABLES IN PORTO RICO.

INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETABLE CROPS IN PORTO RICO. . 5

| plant, turnip, and cabbage are most affected,” and that the water-
melon, bean, sweet potato, and yautia are seldom or never attacked.

COLEOPTERA.

DIABROTICA BIVITTATA Fab. and D. INNUBA Fab.

These two chrysomelid beetles occur in abundance on cucumber,
squash, and melon, especially on the flowers. They quite closely
: resemble Diabrotica vittata Fab. in appearance and habits, and those
authors who have referred to vittata as being present on the island

have apparently failed to differentiate between the species.
® DIABROTICA GRAMINEA Bal.

%

_ This chrysomelid beetle is very common in Porto Rico. Mr. Van
Dine has reported the adults as feeding on the leaves of sugar cane
to a slight extent.’

The beetles are bluish-green in color and about one-fourth of an
inch in length. So far as the writer has observed, the injury is most
severe on corn and okra, which are, in fact, the only two plants of

this group upon which the writer is certain that they feed, although
they have been observed feeding on the flowers of cowpeas, the fruit
of Solanum mgrum var. americanum, and the foliage of ‘‘jobo”
(Spondias lutea) and ‘‘bledo”’ (Amaranthus spinosus).
The injury to corn is apparently confined to the silk of the ear and
the blossom spike. On these parts of the plant the beetles congregate
in great numbers, and the results of their feeding are very apparent,
especially on that portion of the sulk which, ordinarily projecting
from the tip of the husk, is completely destroyed. On okra they feed
upon the blossoms and the young leaves.

An assassin bug, Zelus rubidus Stal., has been taken with a beetle

of this species impaled upon its beak.

CEROTOMA DENTICORNIS Oliv.

In appearance this beetle resembles the bean leaf-bettle (Cerotoma
trifurcata Forst.), which also occurs in the United States, and, as is
the case with the latter species, there is a marked difference in the

markings on the wing-covers. This difference is shown in figures 4
and 5 of Plate I.

Adults of Cerotoma denticornis have been found feeding upon garden

beans and cowpeas, plants which have been reported on the main-

land as food plants of trifurcata. The habits of the two species are
quite similar. Mr. Barrett, in his 1903 report (p. 448), mentioned
denticornis as being common.

1Van Dine, D. L. Report of the Entomologist. Sugar Producers’ Association of Porto Rico. Ann.
Rpt. 3, p. 34, 1913.

6 BULLETIN 192, U. 5. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

EpiIrrix CUCUMERIS Harr.

Flea-beetles have been taken on eggplant and tomato, which oe
with those taken in company with Emtnix parvula Melsh. on a weed)
(Physalis sp.). Those taken on the latter plant were said by Mr. HE.
A. Schwarz to be “properly not different from the U. S. cucumber

flea-beetle, Epitrix cucumeris.” On uae eggplant the beetles were hi
causing the familiar “‘flea-beetle injury”’ to the leaves. - |
CHETOCNEMA APRICARIA Sufir. i

This insect injures sweet potato leaves in much the same manner as
does Ohtocnema confinis Lec. in the United States, searing them |
with short, continuous, curved lines. The beetle is of a dark metal-
lic-green color and has been observed in abundance at certain seasons
on a common weed, related to the sweet potato. |

CoPpTtocycLA SIGNIFERA Herbst.

:

An adult of this “tortoise beetle” has been taken on the leaves of |
sweet potato. In the United States the species is known as an enemy
of this crop. ,

CRYPTORHYNCHUS BATAT# Waterh.

The writer is able to record this enemy of the sweet potato through
the kindness of Mr. R. H. Van Zwaluwenburg, Entomologist of the
Porto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station. Mr. Van Zwaluwenburg”
has found it attacking sweet potato tubers at Mayaguez. ‘The species
has been mentioned as an enemy of the sweet potato in the Lesser |
Antilles, where it seems to be a more important pest than Cylas forma-
carvus. |

CYCLAS FORMICARIUS Oliv.

The ‘‘sweet-potato root-borer”’ is present in Porto Rico, it having |
been observed working in the tuberous root of a wild convolvulaceous |
plant. |

LEPIDOPTERA.

PIERIS MONUSTE L.

The ‘‘southern cabbage worm” was mentioned by Mr. Tower in~
his 1907 report (pp. 35 and 36) as feeding on cabbage, radish, turnip,
kale, and mustard. The male butterfly is shown in Plate I, figure 1.

The larvee have also been found feeding on horseradish and an un-
cultivated plant, Cleome spinosa, of the family Capparidacee. This”
weed is evidently an important wild food plant of P. monuste in Porto
Rico and is commonly found, especially on the lower lands, near the
rivers. Prof. Ignatius Unban gives it the local Spanish common
name of “jasmin del rio” in his Flora Portoricensis.

INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETABLE CROPS IN PORTO RICO. 7
EUDAMUS PROTEUS L.

This hesperid, the so-called ‘‘bean leaf-roller,’’ feeds upon garden
beans, cowpeas, and a related weed, Phaseolus lathyroides.

Kegs that probably belonged to this species, found on the leaves of
the last-mentioned plant, were parasitized by Trichogramma minutum
Riley.

-PHLEGETHONTIUS SEXTA Joh.

Mr. Barrett reported this species, under the name of Protoparce
carolina, in his 1903 report (p. 448) as occurring commonly on
tomato and tobacco throughout the island, and made the interesting
note that the larve were usually killed by a thrust of a knife made
from a ‘‘maya” (Bromelia pinguin) leaf. The larva also feeds upon
the common “berengena cimarrona” (Solanum torvum), and Mr.
Tower has stated in his 1907 report (p. 36) that the parasite Teleno-
mus monilicorms held in check the “tobacco hornworm” (probably
this species), eggs of which were found on tomato and pepper.

PHLEGETHONTIUS CONVOLVULI L.

Adults of this species, which is known elsewhere as a sweet potato
pest, have been collected at Rio Piedras, P. R.

LAPHYGMA FRUGIPERDA S. & A.

Although corn and onions are the only vegetables so far observed
to be attacked by the larve of Laphygma frugiperda, or “‘ grass worm,”’
the list of such plants upon which they feed is undoubtedly much
larger.

In addition to the enemies previously recorded by the writer,!
namely, the three tachinid flies, Frontina archippwora Will., Gonia
crassicornis Fab., and Archytas piliventris V. d W., the larve are
attacked by two fungi, Botrytis rileyi Farlon and Empusa sp., and by
an assassin bug, Zelus rubidus Stal. An interesting parasite, Chelonus
insularis Cress. (?), the egg of which is laid in the Laphygma egg, the
parasite issuing from and killing the host larva when the latter is
about one-half inch in length, has also been observed.

A carabid beetle, Calosoma alternans Fab., is predaceous upon the
larve, and another carabid, Cymindis marginalis Dej., probably has
the same habit.

HELIOTHIS OBSOLETA Fab.

The corn ear-worm attacks corn in Porto Rico and is to be con-
sidered an important pest to this crop. Mr. Barrett mentioned it in
his 1903 report (pp. 448 and 444).

1Some notes on Laphygma frugiperda S. & A. in Porto Rico. Jour. Econ. Ent., v. 6, no. 2, p. 235,
April, 1913.

8 BULLETIN 192, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,

OTHER NoctTuip2.

Three other noctuid moths, that have been reared from larvee, |
belong to the species known to injure truck crops in the United States. |
AX ylomyges errdama Cram., the larve of which occurred on Amaranthus)
sp., has been mentioned by Messrs. Chittenden and Russell under the
name of Prodenia eridania Cram.' as attacking Irish potatoes, egg-|
plant, pepper, okra, and sweet potato in Florida, and ‘they give, on
another’s authority, beets, cabbage, and carrots as food plants.

Prodemia ornithogalli Guen., the cotton cutworm, reared from larvee
found feeding on a weed of the family Convolvulacez, is stated by
Dr. Chittenden to be an enemy of several vegetable crops.? |

The larve of Feltia anneza Treits., which species has been reared
from larve found in an area where “grass worms” (Laphygma frugi-
perda S. & A. and Remigia repanda Fab.) were abundant, is known.
as a cutworm on the mainland. |

DIAPHANIA HYALINATA Jy.

Cucumbers and squashes are frequently severely attacked by the
larve of this species, the melon caterpillar. Mr. Barrett mentioned |
the species in his 1903 report (p. 448). = |

PACHYZANCLA BIPUNCTALIS Fab.

The ‘“‘southern beet webworm” has been found feeding on garden’
beans, sword bean (Canavalia ensiformis), and weeds belonging to
the genus Amaranthus. Upon the garden bean and Amaranthus it
was feeding on the leaves, which it webs together, forming for itself
a shelter, as is commonly done by pyralid larve. The leaf or leaves |
of which the shelter is formed are skeletonized and the pups are
sometimes found in the shelters, but more often in earthen cells just.
below the soil surface. The larve found on sword bean were feeding
within the green pods.

Exorista pyste Walk., a tachinid parasite of the larve, has been
observed. ; |

In connection with Pachyzancla bipunctalis it may be mentioned |
that another pyralid, Hymenia (Zinckenia) fascialis Cramer, occurs ©
in Porto Rico. It has been observed under conditions that would |
indicate that the larve feed upon Amaranthus spp. Mr. H. O. Marsh ‘I
has studied this species in the Hawaiian Islands, and in Bulletin 109, |
Part I, of the Bureau of Entomology, states that various beets and _|

several species of Amaranthus are among the plants which suffer
from its attack there. as

1Chittenden, F. H., and Russell, H. M. The semitropical army worm. (Prodenia eridania Cram.).
U.S. D.A., Bur. Ent., Bul. 66, pt. 5, p. 53-70, figs. 8-11, Jan. 28, 1909.

2Chittenden, F. H. Some insects injurious to the violet, rose, and other ornamental plants. U.S.
D. A., Div. Ent., new ser. Bul. 27, rev., p. 64, 68, 69, 70, 1901.

Bul. 192, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. PLATE III.

FiG. 1.—WORK OF THE LARVA OF PACHYZANCLA PERIUSALIS ON
SOLANUM TORVUM. (ORIGINAL.)

FiG. 2.—PILOCROCIS TRIPUNCTATA: MOTH. ENLARGED. (ORIGINAL.)

LEPIDOPTERA INJURIOUS TO VEGETABLES IN PORTO RICO.

Bul. 192, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. PLATE IV.

MUSTARD LEAF SHOWING INJURY BY THE DIAMOND-BACK
MOTH (PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS). (ORIGINAL.)

INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETABLE CROPS IN PORTO RICO. 9

PACHYZANCLA PERIUSALIS Walk.

_ Larve of this pyralid moth feed upon the leaves of eggplant and
Solanum torvum. The young larve live at first as miners in the
leaves, but later web the leaves together. (See Pl. ITI, fig.1.) The
shelter is usually formed near the edge of the leaf, a portion of which
is folded in toward the midvein and held in place by silken threads.
Sometimes, however, parts of two or more leaves form the shelter.
The larvee feed from within these areas and are often common on
both plants mentioned as hosts.

_ The moth has a wing expanse of three-fourths to seven-eighths of
‘an inch and is gray in color. The wings are glistening and marked
‘above with three darker, wavy, transverse lines, the two inner ones
extending across both wings, while the outer one extends from the
costal margin to a point near the middle of the front wing.

ah ¢ y

NACOLEIA INDICATA Fab.

5 The larva feeds upon the leaves of garden bean, webbing together
parts of the same leaf or separate leaves. It also occurs on cowpea.
_ The adult, Plate II, figure 2, is golden yellow, the wings marked
with black along the outer margin, and above with three black
wavy lines extending across them, much as do the dark lines on the
wings of Pachyzancla periusalis.

PILOCROCIS TRIPUNCTATA Fab.

Sweet-potato leaves have been found webbed together and injured

_ The moth, shown in Plate ITI, figure 2, is light yellow, the wings
being marked with black and brown, and having an expanse of about
“an inch.

4 PLUTELLA MACULIPENNIS Curtis.

_ Larvee of the “‘diamond-back moth” are at times very abundant
‘on and destructive to the leaves of cabbage. Mr. Barrett mentioned
the species in his 1903 report (p. 448) and Mr. Tower, in his 1907
report (p. 35), listed cabbage, kale, mustard, and turnips as food
‘plants, briefly summarized its life history, made note of a parasite,
and mentioned remedies to be applied. A mustard leaf which has
been severely injured by the larve is shown in Plate IV.

HYMENOPTERA.

SOLENOPSIS GEMINATA Fab.

_ The “‘fire ant,” or ‘“‘ hormiga brava,” has been found injuring okra
plants by eae away parts of he flowers and poneons of the
younger growth.

10 BULLETIN 192, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

It is often stated in Porto Rico that ants destroy certain vegetable |
seeds after they have been planted in the soil. The writer-has been }
told on good authority that ants, which from the description were |
apparently the “hormiga loca”’ or “crazy ant,” Prenoleprs longicornis
Latr., were seen to dig small holes along the rows in a propagating -
box in which lettuce had been planted, remove the seeds, and carry #!
them away. |
DIPTERA.

AGROMYZA PARVICORNIS Loew.

)

The “‘corn-leaf blotch miner,’ which has been recently made the |
subject of a paper! by Mr. W. J. Phillips, is present in Porto Rico,
adults having been reared from larve found working in leaves of
corn at Rio Piedras. |

SUMMARY.

The following summary, arranged alphabetically according to
host plants, indicates the insects known to attack the various vege- |
table crops grown in Porto Rico. The ‘‘changa” (Scapteriscus |
didactylus Latr.) is credited in this list as injuring only those plants
which, according to Mr. Barrett, are most affected, though in reality |
the list of plants attacked by it is not so limited. |

Beans: Cucumber—Continued.
Eutelliz tenella Baker. (?) Diabrotica innuba Fab.
Eudamus proteus L. Diaphania hyalinata L.
Empoasca mali Le B. Eggplant:
Cerotoma denticornis Oliv. Saissetia hemisphxrica Targ.
Nacoleia indicata Fab. Hemichionaspis minor Mask.
Beats: Corythaica monacha Stal.

Scapteriscus didactylus Latr.

Pachyzancla bipunctalis Fab. :
al Epitriz cucumeris Harris (?).

Cabbage: Pachyzancla periusalis Walk.
Scapteriscus didactylus Latr. Horse-radish:
Plutella maculipennis Curtis. Pieris monuste L.
Pieris monuste L. Kale:
Celery: Pieris monuste L.
Pseudococcus sp. near citri Risso. Plutella maculipennis Curtis.
Cae Melon:
: Aphis gossypw Glov.

Peregrinus maidis Ashm.
Pseudococcus sp. near. citri Risso.
Diabrotica graminea Baly.
Laphygma frugiperda 8. & A.
Heliothis obsoleta Fab.

Agromyza parvicornis Loew.

Diabrotica bivittata Fab.

Diabrotica innuba Fab.
Mustard:

Pieris monuste L.

Plutella maculipennis Curtis.

Okra:
Cucumber: Diaspis pentagona Targ.
Aphis gossypii Glov. Diabrotica graminea Baly.
Diabrotica bivittata Fab. Solenopsis geminata Fab.

1 Phillips, W.J. Corn-leaf blotch miner [Agromyza parvicornis Loew]. In U.S. Jour. Agr. Research, —
v. 2, no. 1, p. 15-31, 6 figs., 5. pl., Apr. 15, 1914. ;

Onion:
Thrips tabaci Lind.
Laphygma frugiperda 8S. & A.
Pepper:
| Aleyrodes sp.
Diaspis pentagona Targ.
Radish:

INSECTS AFFECTING VEGETABLE CROPS IN PORTO RICO. Ail

Sweet: potato—Continued.
Other insects, known as_ sweet-

potato pests in the United States,
are also present, namely—
Coptocycla signifera Herbst.
Cylas formicarius Oliv.
Phlegethontius convolvuli L.

Pieris monuste L. Tomato:

Squash: Scapteriscus didactylus Latr.
Diabrotica bivittata Fab. Phlegethontius sexta Joh.
Diabrotica innuba Fab. Aleyrodes sp.

Diaphania hyalinata L. ; Turnip:
Sweet potato: Scapteriscus didactylus Latr.

Spartocera batatas Fab. Pieris monuste L.
Chextocnema apricaria Suffr. Plutella maculipennis Curtis.
Pilocrocis tripunctata Fab. Yautia:

Cryptorhynchus batate Waterh. Corythuca gossypvi Fab.

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