Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WEEDS SURVEYS (Sm UNITED STATES MISCELLANEOUS PREPARED BY AS) DEPARTMENT OF PUBLICATION SCIENCE AND —~ AGRICULTURE NUMBER 1382 EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington. D.C. 20402 ABSTRACT PEMBERTON, RoBertT W., and Epna M. Hoover. Insects associated with wild plants in Europe and the Middle East. Biological control of weeds surveys. U.S. Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication No. 1382, 33 p. This publication lists 351 species of European insects that were collected or reared from 71 weeds of European origin. The insects species— specimens of which are in the USDA’s Biological Control of Weeds Laboratory-Europe insect col- lection in Rome, Italy—are listed taxonomically and by host plant. The host plant listing includes data on rearing, feeding, and other insect-plant associations. KEYWORDS: Biological control of weeds, insect feeding, insect rearing, host plants, weeds, Artium, Boreava, Carlina, Carthamus, Centaurea, Cirsium, Cynara, Cytisus, Echinops, Euphorbia, Galactites, Genista, Hypericum, Linaria, Onopordum, Quercus, Salsola, Salvia, Scrophularia, Senecio, Silybum, Tamarix, Tribulus. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to express our thanks to Lloyd A. Andres, Paul H. Dunn, Kenneth E. Frick, B. David Perkins (all associated at one time with the Rome laboratory), and Antonio Rizza (currently in the Rome laboratory), who allowed us to com- pile and publish data that they collected. We also wish to thank Gary Buckingham (former research leader at the laboratory and currently at the USDA’s Biological Pest Control Research Unit, Gainesville, Fla.) whose concern for the collection and the information it contained brought the senior author to Rome to conduct the study that has resulted in this publication. CONTENTS Page Page List of contributors ...................... iv Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and MMCKOMUCHON, 3226s se se bce ced shew be wns. 1 associated insects, extent of their associ- Table 1.—Taxonomic list of insects and ation, and country of origin.............. 15 associated weedy plants ................. 2 Index of insect and plant names............ 28 Issued October 1980 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS The following scientists provided the insect identifications referred to in table 1, pages 2 to 14: Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL), Insect Identification and Beneficial Insect Introduction In- stitute, Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, USDA, Beltsville Md.: 1. Anderson, W. H.! it. Herring, JL 21. Steyskal, G. C.! 2. Batra, S. W. T. 12. Hodges, R. W. 22. Stoetzel, M. B. 3. Burks, B. D.! 13. Kingsolver, J. M. 23. Thompson, F. C. 4. Capps, H. W.?} 14. Knutson, L. 24. Todd, E. L.! 5. Ferguson, D. C. 15. Kramer, J. P. 25. Vorst, GB. 6. Foote, R. H. 16. Marsh, P. M. 26. Warner, R. E.! 7. Gagne, R. J. 17. Menke, A. S. 27. White, R. E. 8. Gordh, G.? 18. Sabrosky, C. W. 28. Whitehead, D. R. 9. Gordon, R. D. 19. Smith, D. R. 29. Wirth, W. W. 10. Gurney, A. B.° 20. Spilman, T. J. Cooperating Scientists for SEL: 30. Arnett, R. H.* 32. Connell, W. A.° 34. Weld, L. H.° 31. Chapin, E. A.° 33. Muesebeck, C. F. W.’ Department of Entomology, U.S. National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.: 35. Davis, D. R. 37. Field, W. D. 39. Froeschner, R. C. 36. Duckworth, W. D. 38. Flint, O. S. : Retired. 2 Now at the University of California at Riverside. 3 Retired, resident cooperating scientist with SEL. ¢ Siena College, Loudonville, N.Y. > Deceased. ® Cooperating scientist, Beneficial Insect Research Laboratory, Newark, Del. 7 Resident cooperating scientist, SEL, and research associate, U.S. National Museum, Washington D.C. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST Biological Control of Weeds Surveys Compiled by Ropert W. PEMBERTON, collaborating entomologist, and EpDNA M. Hoover, entomologist (retired) INTRODUCTION The Biological Control of Weeds Labora- tory-Europe of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is located in Rome, Italy. The primary function of this facility, which was started in 1959 by Lloyd A. Andres and Antonio Rizza, is the discovery and study of natural enemies associated with weeds native to Europe and the Middle East, which are problem exotics in North America. This publication lists the insects that have been collected and reared from some of these exotic weeds from 1959 to 1976. The list contains only the insect species represented in the laboratory collection and thereby omits many species that were collected and reared but for various reasons are no longer in the Rome collection. The plant taxa included in this publication consist of 23 genera and 71 identified species; 351 insect species, representing 91 families, are listed as collected or reared from these plants. Although the majority of the collections were made in Italy, material was also obtained in Austria, Bulgaria, Egypt, England, France, Germany, Greece, Iran, Israel, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, and Yugoslavia. The insects are listed in two tables, one tax- ‘Respectively, Division of Biological Control, Department of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94706; and Insect Identification and Beneficial Insect In- troduction Institute, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, Md. 20705. onomic (table 1, p. 2) and the other a faunal listing under the host plants (table 2, p. 15). The large number of rearings and feeding obser- vations listed in the host plant table is signifi- cant. Of the 351 insect species included in this work, more than half were reared; 260 are her- biverous and more than two-thirds of these were reared. In all, 317 rearing records are listed; in this context, we use rearing record to mean a unique combination of insect and host. For exam- ple, the Tephritid Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) was reared from Centaurea jaceae L. and C. maculosa Lam., thus yielding two records. In addition, when the same insect species is reared in two different countries, two records are counted, even if the same host is involved. The information contained in these tables was taken from specimen labels and _ laboratory records. The inclusion of precise locality and col- lection dates for all of the species would have made this work too lengthy. This type of informa- tion can be obtained by writing the Location Leader, Biological Control of Weeds Laboratory- Europe, c/o American Embassy, Agriculture, New York, N.Y., APO 09794. The senior author served principally as the organizer and compiler of the data. The junior author worked with scientists in verifying the ac- curacy of the scientific names and in determining, from records, the persons responsible for the iden- tifications. The scientists of the Systematic Entomology 1 2 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Laboratory, USDA; the Department of En- tomology, Smithsonian Institution; and col- laborators of both organizations are contributors to this work and had the task of identifying the material and reviewing and correcting the scien- tific names. The following scientists conducted the surveys that serve as a basis of this publication: Lloyd A. Andres and Paul H. Dunn, USDA Biological Con- trol of Weeds Laboratory, Albany, Calif.; Ken- neth E. Frick, USDA Delta States Agricultural USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Ser- vice, Yaounde, Cameroon; and Antonio Rizza, USDA Biological Control of Weeds Labora- tory-Europe, Rome, Italy. This publication is intended to be a source book for biological control of weeds workers who have the task of trying to control the numerous Euro- pean weeds that infest the United States. It should also be of interest to insect ecologists, plant ecologists, and insect taxonomist because of the large number of insect-plant associations it Center, Stoneville, Miss.; B. David Perkins, contains. Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants Insect? Associated plant COLEOPTERA Alleculidae Cteniopus sp.[20]? ---------------------------------- Omophulus sp. [20] --------------------------------- Podonta aubei Mulsant [20] -------------------------- Anobiidae Lasioderma baudii (Schilsky) ------------------------- Lasioderma probably obscurum Solsky [27] ------------- Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) [20, 27] --------------- Anthicidae Anthicus sp. [20] ----------------------------------- Bruchidae Bruchidius near bimaculatus (Olivier) [13] -------------- ee Tamarix sp. eee Linaria sp. wasn n= == Cirsium sp. Cynara scolymus L. Senecio jacobaea L ------------------- Centaurea amara L. ------------------- Centaurea diffusa Lamarck Centaurea jacea L. Centaurea napifolia L. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni ------------------- Linaria sp. ------------------- Tamarix sp. Bruchidius near imbricornis (Panzer) [13] ---------------------------------- Bruchidius nudus (Allard) [13] ------------------------------------------- Bruchidius quinqueguttatus (Olivier) complex ------------------------------ Bruchidius seminarius (L.) [13] ------------------------------------------ Bruchidius probably unicolor (Olivier) ------------------------------------ Bruchidius sp. [13] ---------------------------------------------------- Bruchus brachialis Fabricius [13] ---------------------------------------- Bruchus dentipes Baudi [13] -------------------------------------------- Spermophagus sericeus (Geoffroy) [13] ------------------------------------ Buprestidae Agrilus biguttatus (Fabricius) [13, 25] ------------------------------------- Cantharidae Cantharis sp. [20] ----------------------------------------------------- Podabrus sp. [9] ------------------------------------------------------- Cerambycidae Agapanthia cardui (L.) [20, 25] ------------------------------------------- Agapanthia dahli (Richter) [20, 25] --------------------------------------- See footnotes at end of table. Do. Do. Centaurea repens L. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Linaria vulgaris Miller Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Linaria grandiflora Desfontaines Quercus pubescens Willdenow Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller Centaurea repens L. Scrophularia canina L. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Tamarix sp. Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller Galactites tomentosa Moench Cirsium sp. Galactites tomentosa Moench INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued Insect! Associated plant COLEOPTERA—Continued Cerambycidae—Continued Agapanthia probably dahli (Richter) [20] Cartallum ebulinum (L.) [20, 25] Parmena sp. [20] Phytoecia pustulata (Schrank) [20, 25] Phytoecia sp. [20, 25] Chrysomelidae Altica carduorum (Guérin-Méneville) [27] Cassida near deflorata Suffrian [25, 27] Cassida probably vibex L. [25, 27] Chaetocnema probably conducta Motschulsky [27] Chrysolina grossa (Fabricius) [27] Chrysolina gypsophilae Kuster [27] Chrysolina hyperici Forster [27] Chrysolina variolosa Pethena [27] Chrysolina sp. [27] Chrysomela sp. or near [27] Clytra atraphaxidis Pallas or near [27] Clytra laeviuscula Ratzeburg or near [27] Probably Coptocephala sp. [27] Crepidodera ferruginea (Scopoli) or near [27] Cryptocephalus hypochoeridis (L.) [27] Cryptocephalus populi Suffrian or near [27] Diorhabda sp. [27] Gastroidea polygoni (L.) [27] Lema cyanella L. [27] Longitarsus dorsalis (Fabricius) [27] Longitarsus ganglbaueri Heikertinger [27] Longitarsus probably ganglbaueri Heikertinger [27] Longitarsus jacobaea Waterhouse [27] Longitarsus probably jacobaea Waterhouse [27] Longitarsus near tabidus (Fabricius) [27] Longitarsus sp. [27] Oulema melanopus (L.) [27] Pachybrachys sp. [27] Phyllotreta sp. [27] Phytodecta olivacea Forster Sermylassa halensis (L.) [27] Sphaeroderma rubidum (Graells) [25] Sphaeroderma testaceum L. [25, 27] Coccinellidae Adonia variegata (Goeze) [9, 31] See footnotes at end of table. Senecio aquaticus Hill Boreava sp. Centaurea cineraria L. Salvia verbenaca L. Linaria fastigiata Chavannes Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller Linaria kurdica Boissier & Hohenacker Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner Senecio aquaticus Hill Salvia sp. Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller Hypericum sp. Linaria sp. Linaria vuigaris Miller Linaria sp. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Centaurea repens L. Linaria sp. Centaurea repens L. Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Onopordum sp. Salsola sp. Tamarix sp. Cynara scolymus L. Senecio aquaticus Hill Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Senecio aquaticus Hill Do. Do. Senecio jacobaea L. Senecio aquaticus Hill Do. Senecio jacobaea L. Senecio aquaticus Hill Senecio jacobaea L. Senecio aquaticus Hill Senecio jacobaea L. Boreava sp. Boreava sp. Linaria sp. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Senecio jacobaea L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Cynara scolymus L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Linaria sp. 4 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued Insect’ Associated plant COLEOPTERA—Continued Coccinellidae—Continued Coccinella quinquepunctata L. [31] --------------------------------------- Do. Coccinella septempunctata L. [9,31] -------------------------------------- Do. Tamarix sp. Rhyzobius litura (Fabricius) [81] ----------------------------------------- Centaurea napifolia L. Scymnus (s.str.) sp. [9] ------------------------------------------------- Linaria sp. Scymnus sp. [31] ------------------------------------------------------ Centaurea amara L. Linaria sp. Subcoccinella vigintiquattuorpunctata (L.) [9, 31] --------------------------- Cynara scolymus L. Linaria sp. Curculionidae Acalles diocletianus (Germar) ------------------------------------------- Cynara scolymus L. Acalles dromedarius Boheman ------------------------------------------ Centaurea napifolia L. Cynara scolymus L. Acalles sp. [26] -------------------------------------------------------- Centaurea napifolia L. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Centaurea sp. Alophus nictitans Boheman [28] ----------------------------------------- Senecio aquaticus Hill. Apion near compactum Desbrochers [26] ---------------------------------- Cytisus sp. Apion detritum Rey [26] ------------------------------------------------ Centaurea amara L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner Apion near formaneki Wagner [26] --------------------------------------- Genista sagittalis L. Apion fuscirostre (Fabricius) [26] ----------------------------------------- Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Apion onopordi Kirby [26, 28] ------------------------------------------- Centaurea maculosa Lamarck Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Apion sp. [26, 28] ------------------------------------------------------ Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Genista sp. Linaria sp. Tamarix sp. Bangasternus sp. [26] -------------------------------------------------- Centaurea jacea L. Ceutorhynchidius horridus (Panzer) [26, 28] -------------------------------- Galactites tomentosa Moench Ceutorhynchus litura (Fabricius) [26] ------------------------------------- Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus (Fabricius) [26] ------------------------------- Galactites tomentosa Moench Chlorophanus excisus (Fabricius) [28] ------------------------------------- Tamarix sp. Cleonus morbillosus (Fabricius) [26] -------------------------------------- Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Cleonus piger (Scopoli) [26, 28] ------------------------------------------- Arctium minus Bernhardi Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Coniatus sp. [28] ------------------------------------------------------ Tamarix sp. Gymnetron antirrhini (Paykull) [26] -------------------------------------- Linaria vulgaris Miller Gymnetron linariae (Panzer) [26] ----------------------------------------- Do. Gymnetron netum (Germar) [26] ----------------------------------------- Linaria heterophylla Desfontaines Linaria vulgaris Miller Gymnetron sp. [26, 28] ------------------------------------------------- Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller Linaria fastigiata Chavannes Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller Linaria lineolata Boissier Linaria repens (L.) Miller Linaria vulgaris Miller Hypera postica (Gylenhal) (26, 28] --------------------------------------- Centaurea napifolia L. See footnotes at end of table. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued Insect! Associated plant COLEOPTERA—Continued Curculionidae—Continued Larinus australis Capiomont [26] Larinus probably australis Capiomont [26] Larinus cynarae (Fabricius) [26,28] Larinus flavescens Germar [26] Larinus jaceae (Fabricius) [26, 28] ---------------------------------------- Larinus latus (Herbst) Larinus near leuzeae Fabre [26] Larinus longirostris Gyllenhal [26] Larinus planus (Fabricius) [26] Larinus rusticanus Gyllenhal [26, 28] Larinus scolymi (Olivier) [26, 28] Larinus sturnus (Schaller) [26, 28] Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal [26] Larinus ursus (Fabricius) [26, 28] Lixus algirus (L.) [28] Lixus cardui Olivier [28] Lixus elongatus (Goeze) [26, 25] ------------------------------------------ Lixus punctiventris Boheman Mecinus janthinus (Germar) [26] Mecinus sp. [26] Microlarinus lareynii (Jacq. du Val) [26] Microlarinus lypriformis (Wollaston) [26] Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) [26] Otiorhynchus rugostriatus (Goeze) [26] Otiorhynchus sp. Pantomorus cervinus (Boheman) [26] Phrydiuchus spilmani Warner [26] Phrydiuchus tau Warner [26] Phyllobius sp. Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich) [26, 28] Sibinia attalica (Gyllenhal) Sitona gressorius (Fabricius) [28] ----------------------------------------- Sitona lineatus (L.) [28] Sitona puncticollis Stephens See footnotes at end of table. Centaurea phrygia L. Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Centaurea sp. Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Onopordum sp. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner Carthamus lanatus L. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Carthamus lanatus L. Onopordum sp. Centaurea scabiosa L. Centaurea calcitrapa L. Centaurea napifolia L. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Centaurea amara L. Centaurea jacea L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Carthamus lanatus L. Cynara scolymus L. Centaurea jacea L. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Carlina corymbosa L. Carlina lanata L. Carlina vulgaris L. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner Onopordum acanthium L. Onopordum sp. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Senecio aquaticus Hill Senecio jacobaea L. Linaria vulgaris Miller Linaria sp. Tribulus terrestris L. Do. Centaurea mauclosa Lamarck Senecio aquaticus Hill Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Senecio jacobaea L. Salvia argentea L. Salvia aethiopis L. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Centaurea jacea L. Centaurea sp. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner Centaurea amara L. Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Senecio jacobaea L. Senecio aquaticus Hill 6 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued Insect’ Associated plant COLEOPTERA—Continued Curculionidae—Continued Sitona sp. [26, 28] ----------------------------------------------------- Centaurea jacea L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Cynara scolymus L. Echinops sphaerocephalus L. Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Sitophilus sp. [28] ----------------------------------------------------- Cynara scolymus L. Strophomorphus porcellus (Schonherr) [26] -------------------------------- Echinops sphaerocephalus L. Tychius quinquepunctatus (L.) ------------------------------------------ Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Elateridae Cardiophorus near nigerrimus Erichson [20] ------------------------------- Linaria sp. Lathridiidae Corticarta:sp;, [13] ====S4-==s 3 a ss SSS = Centaurea maculosa Lamarck Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Meloidae Mylabris apicipennis Reiche [20] ----------------------------------------- Linaria sp. Mylabris sp. [20] ------------------------------------------------------ Do. Melyridae Aplocnemus sp. [13] --------------------------------------------------- Do. Attalus sp. [18, 25] ---------------------------------------------------- Centaurea napifolia L. Centaurea repens L. Linaria vulgaris Miller Colotes sp. [13] ------------------------------------------------------- Linaria sp. Danacaea Sp. [V8 929) ar A ESS Ea Centaurea calcitrapa L. Probably Danacaea sp. [13] --------------------------------------------- Linaria vulgaris Miller Linaria sp. Divales bipustulata Fabricius [13] ---------------------------------------- Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow Divales sp. [13] ------------------------------------------------------- Do. Julistus sp. [13] ------------------------------------------------------- Linaria heterophylla Desfontaines Malachius aeneus L. [18, 25] --------------------------------------------- Tamarix sp. Malachius sp. [13, 25] -------------------------------------------------- Do. Psilothrix sp. [13, 25] -------------------------------------------------- Centaurea sphaerocephala L. Mordellidae Anaspis sp. [20] ------------------------------------------------------- Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Mordellistena sp. [20] -------------------------------------------------- Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Nitidulidae Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [82] ---------------------------------------- Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller Linaria fastigiata Chavannes Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller Linaria grandiflora Desfontaines Linaria heterophylla Desfontaines Linaria kurdica Boissier & Hohenacker Linaria lineolata Boissier Linaria vulgaris Miller Linaria sp. Brachypterolus sp. [32] ------------------------------------------------- Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller Linaria vulgaris Miller Epuraea sp. [32] ------------------------------------------------------- Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Meligethes incanus Sturm [32] ------------------------------------------- Centaurea maculosa Lamarck Salvia aethiops L. Meligethes sp. [82] ---------------------------------------------------- Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Oedemeridae Oedemera podagrariae (L.) [30] ------------------------------------------- Onopordum sp. See footnotes at end of table. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued Insect! Associated plant COLEOPTERA—Continued Orthoperidae Arthrolips sp. [9] Phalacridae Olibrus corticalis (Panzer) [13] Ptinidae Ptinus villiger (Reitter) [20] Scarabaeidae Glaphyrus sp. [9] Leucocelis sp. [9] Valgus hemipterus L. [9] Scolytidae Phloeotribus rhododactylus (Marsham) [1] DIPTERA Agromyzidae Liriomyza latigenis (Hendel) Liriomyza strigata (Meigen) Melanagromyza aeneoventris (Fallén) Melanagromyza dettmeri Hering Melanagromyza eupatorii Spencer Melanagromyza near tripolii Spencer [21] Ophiomyia senecionina Hering Phytomyza probably horticola Goureau [21] Anthomyiidae Hylemya brassicae (Wiedemann) [21] Hylemya cinerella (Fallén) [21] Hylemya coarctata (Fallén [21] Hylemya platura (Meigen) [21] Hylemya pullula (Zetterstedt) [21] Hylemya radicum (L.) [21] Hylemya seneciella (Meade) [21] Hylemya sp. [21] Anthomyzidae Anthomyza gracilis Fallén [18] Calliphoridae Bufolucilia siluarum (Meigen) Chamaemyiidae Leucopis sp. [18, 21] Chloropidae Oscinella frit (L.) [18] Oscinella sp. [18] Polydodaspis ruficornis (Macquart) [18] Thaumatomyia sulcifrons (Becker) [18] Drosophilidae Drosophila funebris (Fabricius) [29] Empididae Microphorus sp. [14] Platypalpus sp. [14, 21] See footnotes at end of table. Tribulus terrestris L. Senecio jacobaea L. Centaurea cineraria L. Onopordum sp. Linaria sp. Tamarix sp. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Senecio jacobaea L. Senecio aquaticus Hill Senecio jacobaea L. Senecio aquaticus Hill Senecio jacobaea L. Senecio aquaticus Hill Senecio jacobaea L. Centaurea calcitrapa L. Linaria sp. Senecio jacobaea L. Do. Carthamus tinctorius L. Senecio jacobaea L. Do. Tamarix sp. Centaurea jacea L. Senecio jacobaea L. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Linaria sp. Centaurea jacea L. Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller Centaurea jacea L. Centaurea repens L. Cynara scolymus L. Tamarix sp. Linaria grandiflora Desfontaines Tamarix sp. 8 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued Insect’ Associated plant DIPTERA—Continued Lauxaniidae Minettia plumicornis (Falléen) [21] ---------------------------------------- Tamarix sp. Lonchopteridae Lonchoptera furcata (Fallén) [29] -------------------------------------~+--- Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Milichiidae Desmometopa near m-nigrum (Zetterstedt) [18] ----------------------------- Tamarix sp. Muscidae Fannia sp. [21] -------------------------------------------------------- Senecio jacobaea L. Orthellia caesarion (Meigen) [7] ------------------------------------------ Tamarix sp. Otitidae Timia xanthaspis (Loew) ----------------------------------------------- Centaurea repens L. Phoridae Phora sp. [29] --------------------------------------------------------- Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Sarcophagidae Sarcophaga balanina Pandelle [7] ---------------------------------------- Tribulus terrestris L. Sarcophaga sp. [7] ----------------------------------------------------- Centaurea jacea L. Sphaeroceridae Leptocera sp. [18, 21] -------------------------------------------------- Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller Stratiomyidae Nemotelus sp. [29] ----------------------------------------------------- Linaria sp. Syrphidae Eumerus strigatus Fallen ----------------------------------------------- Centaurea repens L. Eumerus sp. --------------------------------------------------------- Senecio jacobaea L. Paragus sp. [23] -----------------------------------~------------------- Linaria sp. Sphaerophoria rueppelli Wiedemann [23] ---------------------------------- Senecio jacobae L. Tachinidae Voria ruralis (Fallen) [18] ----------------------------------------------- Cynara cardunculus L. Tephritidae Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [6, 21] ------------------------------------ Carthamus lanatus L. Centaurea amara L. Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow Centaurea calcitrapa L. Centaurea jacae L. Centaurea maculosa Lamarck Centaurea napifolia L. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Centaurea paniculata L. Centaurea repens L. Cynara scolymus L. Onopordum sp. Chaetorellia sp. (6, 21] -------------------------------------------------- Carthamus tinctorius L. Centaurea amara L. Centaurea jacae L. Chaetostomella onotrophes (Loew) [6] ------------------------------------- Do. Centaurea nigra L. Centaurea phrygia L. Centaurea scabiosa L. Centaurea sp. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Orellia colon (Meigen) [21] ---------------------------------------------- Centaurea scabiosa L. Orellia near colon (Meigen) [6] ------------------------------------------- Carthamus lanatus L. Orellia falcata (Scopoli) [6] ---------------------------------------------- Centaurea jacae L. See footnotes at end of table. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued 9 Insect} Associated plant DIPTERA —Continued Tephritidae—Continued Grelkatappoe (Cederhielin) [6,21 ===<— = =e sana Orellia punctata (Schrank) [6] -------------------------------------------- Orellia near punctata (Schrank) [6] ---------------------------------------- Orellia sp. [6] ---------------------------- nnn Oxyna nebulosa (Wiedemann) [21] ---------------------------------------- Paroxyna probably tessellata (Loew) -------------------------------------- Sphenella marginata (Fallén) [21] ----------------------------------------- Tephritis postica (Loew) [6] --------------------------------------------- Terellia fuscicornis (Loew) ---------------------------------------------- Terellia longicauda (Meigen) [6] ------------------------------------------ Terellia serratulae (L.) [6, 21] -------------------------------------------- Terellia virens (Loew) [21] ----------------------------------------------- Terellia near virens (Lowe) [6] -------------------------------------------- Trupanea stellata (Fuessly) [21] ------------------------------------------ Urophora affinis (Frauenfeld) [6, 21] -------------------------------------- Urophora cuspidata (Meigen) [6] ----------------------------------------- Urophora jaceana (Hering) [6] ------------------------------------------- Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) [6, 21] ---------------------------------- Urophora probably quadrifasciata (Meigen) [6, 21] --------------------------- Urophora stylata (Fabricius) [6, 21] --------------------------------------- Trixoscelidae Trixoscelis frontalis (Fallén) [21] ----------------------------------------- Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Onopordum sp. Centaurea schaerocephala L. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Centaurea scabiosa L. Senecio jacobaea L. Do. Do. Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Onopordum sp. Cynara scolymus L. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Centaurea sp. Centaurea maculosa Lamarck Onopordum sp. Senecio jacobaea L. Senecio jacobaea L.? Centaurea maculosa Lamarck Centaurea scabiosa L. Centaurea nigra L. Centaurea jacea L. Centaurea maculosa Lamarck Centaurea amara L. Centaurea calcitrapa L. Centaurea diffusa Lamarck Centaurea jacea L. Centaurea maculosa Lamarck Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Centaurea scabiosa L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Cirsium sp. Tamarix sp. Trixoscelis obscurella (Fallén) [21] ---------------------------------------- Do. HEMIPTERA Anthocoridae Anthocoris nemorum (L.) [11] -------------------------------------------- Linaria sp. Berytidae i Berytinus sp. [11] ----------------------------------------------------- Scrophularia canina L. Coreidae Enoplops discigera (Kolenati) [11] ---------------------------------------- Linaria sp. Mesocerus marginatus (L.) ? [11] ----------------------------------------- Onopordum sp. Scrophularia canina L. Strobilotoma typhaecornis (Fabricius) [11] --------------------------------- Do. Lygaeidae Cymus glandicolor Hahn [11] -------------------------------------------- Linaria vulgaris Miller Geocoris megacephalus siculus (Fieber) [11] -------------------------------- Salsola sp. Heterogaster urticae (Fabricius) [11] -------------------------------------- Scrophularia canina L. Lygaeus equestris (L.) [11] ---------------------------------------------- Linaria sp. Sphragisticus nebulosus (Fallén) [11] ------------------------------------- Salvia virgata Jacquin Spilostethus saxatilis (Scopoli) [11] --------------------------------------- Linaria sp. Miridae Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) [39] -------------------------------------- Do. See footnotes at end of table. 10 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued Insect’ HEMIPTERA—Continued Miridae—Continued Adelphocoris sp. [39] Alloeonotus fulvipes (Scopoli) [39] Brachycoleus decolor Reuter [11, 39] Deraeocoris schach (Fabricius) [11] Lygus prantensis (L.) [39] Lygus rugulipennis Poppius [39] Polymerus sp. [39] Nabidae Nabis viridulus Spinola [39] Pentatomidae Carpocoris lunulatus (Goeze) [39] Carpocoris mediterraneus Taminini [11], 39] Carpocoris pudicus (Poda) [39] Dolycoris baccarum (L.) [11, 39] Eurydema ornatum (L.) {11, 39] Eurygaster maura (L.) [39] Eysarcoris inconspicuus (Herrich-Schaffer) [11] Holcostethus strictus (Fabricius) [11] Holcostethus sp. [11] Nezara viridula (L.) [11, 39] Palomena prasina L.) [11] Phymatidae Phymata crassipes (Fabricius) ? [11] -------------------------------------- Podopidae Ancyrosoma leucogrammum (Gmelin) [11] Graphosoma lineata (L.) [11] Reduviidae Rhinocoris iracundus Poda [39] Rhopalidae Corizus hyoscyami L. [11] Rhopalus sp. [11] Stictopleurus punctatonervosus (Goeze) Tingidae Dictyla echii (Schrank) [39] HOMOPTERA Cercopidae Cercopis vulnerata Rossi [15] Philaenus spumarius (L.) [15, 39] Cicadellidae Circulifer opacipennis (Lethierry) [15] Deltocephalus sp. [15] Handianus sp. [15] Hephathus nanus (Herrich-Schaffer) [15] Cicadidae Cicadatra near hyalina (Fabricius) [39] See footnotes at end of table. Associated plant Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Linaria sp. Do. Do. Tamarix sp. Linaria sp. Do. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner Linaria sp. Do. Onopordum sp. Tamarix sp. Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller Linaria sp. Do. Linaria vulgaris Miller Centaurea repens L. Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller Onopordum sp. Scrophularia canina L. Do. Onopordum sp. Linaria sp. Do. Do. Cirsium arvense (L) Scopoli Linaria sp. Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Senecio aquaticus Hill Centaurea repens L. “Do. Do. Centaurea calcitrapa L. Linaria sp. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST 11 Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued Insect’ Associated plant HOMOPTERA— Continued Cixiidae Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret [15] --------------------------------------- Centaurea repens L. Oliarus barajus Dlabola [15] --------------------------------------------- Do. Issidae Hysteropterum grylloides (Fabricius) [15] ---------------------------------- Centaurea calcitrapa L. Tettigometridae Tettigometra griseola Fieber [15] ----------------------------------------- Centaurea repens L. Tettigometra sp. (15) --------=+-==----------------=----------===+=+---+-- Do. HYMENOPTERA Anthophoridae Ceratina sp. [2] ------------------------------------------------------- Tamarix sp. Braconidae Apanteles sp. [16, 33] ---------------------------------------------~----- Senecio jacobaea L. Biosteres carbonaris (Nees) [16] ------------------------------------------ Cynara scolymus L. Bracon near osculator Nees [16] ------------------------------------------ Linaria sp. Bracon sp. [16] -------------------------------------------------------- Centaurea maculosa Lamarck Cynara scolymus L. Linaria vulgaris Miller Senecio aquaticus Hill Senecio jacobaea L. Chelonus sp. [16] ------------------------------------------------------ Linaria vulgaris Miller Dacnusa leptogaster Haliday -------------------------------------------- Do. Microplitis possibly scrophulariae Szelenyi [16] ----------------------------- Linaria sp. Microplitis possibly variipes Ruthe [16] ----------------------------------- Do. Opius sp. [16] --------------------------------------------------------- Senecio jacobaea L. Orgilus sp. [16] ------------------------------------------------------- Do. Cynipidae Diglyphosema sp. [17] ------------------------------------------------- Do. Eutrias sp. [17] ------------------------------------------------------- Do. Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) [34] ------------------------------------------ Centaurea amara L. Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow Centaurea cineraria L. Centaurea napifolia L. Centaurea phrygia L. Centaurea scabiosa L. Diapriidae Psilus sp. [16] -------------------------------------------------------- Senecio jacobaea L. Eulophidae Entedon sp. [8, 8] ------------------------------------------------------ Linaria sp. Eupelmidae Eupelmus sp. [3] ------------------------------------------------------ Do. Eurytomidae Eudecatoma biguttata Swederus or E. submutica (Thomson) [3] --------------- Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow Centaurea jacea L. Centaurea napifolia L. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Eudecatoma submutica (Thomson) [3] ------------------------------------- Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow Centaurea jacea L. Centaurea napifolia L. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni See footnotes at end of table. 12 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued Insect! Associated piant HYMENOPTERA—Continued Eurytomidae—Continued Eurytoma robusta Mayr [3] Eurytoma robusta Mayr or E. tibialis Boheman [3] Eurytoma tibialis Boheman [8] Eurytoma sp. [3] Formicidae Camponotus lateralis (Olivier) [19] Cataglyphis near cursor (Fonscolombe) [19] Formica near nasuta Nylander [19] Formica sp. [19] Tapinoma sp. [19] Mymaridae Anaphes sp. [3] ------------------------------------------------------- Ormyridae Ormyrus gratiosus (Foerster) [3] Ormyrus punctiger Westwood [3] Pteromalidae Caenacis sp. [3] ------------------------------------------------------- Spintherus sp. [3] Scelionidae Telenomus sp. [16] LEPIDOPTERA Arctiidae Tyria jacobaeae (L.) Cochylidae Cochylis probably atricapitana (Stephens) Cochylis near hybridella (Hiibner) [35] Cochylis posterana (Zeller) See footnotes at end of table. Carthamus lanatus L. Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow Centaurea jacea L. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Centaurea phrygia L. Centaurea scabiosa L. Centaurea sp. Cirsium arvense {L.) Scopoli Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Onopordum sp. Echinops sphaerocephalus L. Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow Centaurea calcitrapa L. Centaurea jacea L. Centaurea maculosa Lamarck Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Centaurea phrygia L. Centaurea scabiosa L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Linaria sp. Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow Centaurea clacitrapa L. Centaurea amara L. Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow Centaurea jacea L. Centaurea maculosa Lamarck Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Onopordum sp. Centaurea sp. Linaria sp. Senecio jacobaea L. Senecio aquaticus Hill Senecio jacobaea L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Centaurea calcitrapa L. Onopordum sp. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued 13 Insect! Associated plant LEPIDOPTERA—Continued Coleophoridae Coleophora sp. [12, 35] Cosmopterigidae Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) [12] Stagmatophora serratella (Treitschke) [12] Geometridae Chlorissa sp. Ematurga atomaria (L.) [24] - Eupithecia absinthiata (Clerck) [12] Eupithecia centaurearia (Denis & Schiffermiiller) [24] Eupithecia linariata (Denis & Eupithecia sp. [5] Gymnoscelis pumilata (Hiibner) [25] Lyonetiidae Leucoptera spartifoliella (Hiibner) Noctuidae Calophasia casta (Borkhausen) [24] Heliothis peltiger (Denis & Schiffermiiller) [24] Heliothis sp. [24] Peridroma saucia (Hiibner) [24] Phytometra sp. [24] Porphyrinia parva (Hubner) [24] Porphyrinia purpurina (Denis & Schiffermiiller) [24] Prodotis stolida (Fabricius) [24] Nymphalidae Cynthia cardui (L.) [37] Melitaea cinxia (L.) [37] Melitaea didyma (Esper) [37] Oecorphoridae Depressaria sp. Plutellidae Plutella xylostella (L.) [12] Schiffermiiller) [24] See footnotes at end of table. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni Salsola kali L. Carthamus lanatus L. Centaurea amara L. Centaurea calcitrapa L. Centaurea sphaerocephala L. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli Cynara scolymus L. Galactites tomentosa Moench Onopordum sp. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller Linaria repens (L.) Miller Linaria vulgaris Miller Linaria sp. Senecio aquaticus Hill Senecio jacobaea L. Do. Senecio aquaticus Hill Senecio jacobaea L. Linaria vulgaris Miller Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Linaria vulgaris Miller Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller Linaria sp. Centaurea calcitrapa L. Salvia limbata C. A. von Meyer Linaria sp. Senecio squalidus L. Salvia verbenaca L. Carthamus lanatus L. Centaurea amara L. Centaurea calcitrapa L. Centaurea napifolia L. Cirsium odontolepis Boissier Centaurea amara L. Cynara scolymus L. Salvia palaestina Bentham Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner Cynara scolymus L. Linaria vulgaris Miller Linaria sp. Centaurea cineraria L. Linaria sp. 14 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 1. —Taxonomic list of insects and associated weedy plants—Continued Insect’ Associated plant LEPIDOPTERA—Continued Pyralidae Gymnancyla canella (Denis & Schiffermuller) ------------------------------ Salsola kali L. Homeosoma near nebulella (Denis & Schiffermtller) -------------~------------ Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Homeosoma sp. [86] --------------------------------------------------- Cynara scolymus L. Myelois cribrella (Hiibner) [36] ------------------------------------------- Carthamus lanatus L. Myelois sp. [86] ------------------------------------------------------- Onopordum tauricum Willdenow Palpita unionalis (Hubner) [4] ------------------------------------------- Linaria vulgaris Miller Probably Phycitodes albatella (Ragonot) ---------------------------------- Senecio jacobaea L. Phycitodes carlinella Heinemann) ---------------------------------------- Senecio aquaticus Hill Sesiidae Chamaesphecia empiformis (Esper) --------------------------------------- Euphorbia esula L. Sphingidae Hyles euphorbiae (L.) [12] ----------------------------------------------- Euphorbia sp. Tortricidae Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hiibner) [12] ---------------------------------- Cynara scolymus L. Senecio ercifolius L. Senecio nemorensis L. Centaurea napifolia L. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner Epiblema near pflugiana (Fabricius) -------------------------------------- Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore Eucosma campoliliana (Denis & Schiffermiiller) ? --------------------------- Senecio jacobaea L. Exartema sp. [85] -------~--------~-- === ++ 555955555 Cnephasia sp. [12] ----------------------------------------------------- Zygaenidae Adscita sp. [12] ------------------------------------------------------- Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore NEUROPTERA Chrysopidae Chrysopa near carnea Stephens [38] -------------------------------------- Linaria sp. ORTHOPTERA Tettigoniidae Tettigonia caudata (Charpentier) [10] ------------------------------------- ‘Insects are listed alphabetically by order and family. 2 The numbers in brackets following the scientific name refer to the numbers in the List of Contributors, p. iv., and signify the person or persons who provided the identification. Where no numbers are given, the identifier is not known. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST 15 Table 2.— Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship? Country Arctium minus Bernhardi: Cleonus piger (Scopoli) [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------- Reared from root -------- Italy. Boreava sp.: Cartallum ebulinum (L.) [Cerambycidae, CO] --------------------------- Sweapt from plant ------- Turkey. Phyllotreta sp. [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Carlina corymbosa L.: Larinus ursus (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- Feeding on head -------- Italy. Carlina lanata L.: Larinus ursus (Fabricius) (Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Carlina vulgaris L.: Larinus ursus (Fabricius) (Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Larinus ursus (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- Feeding on plant ------~- Do. Carthamus lanatus L.: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Eurytoma robusta Mayr [Eurytomidae, HY] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Larinus flavescens Germar [Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Larinus flavescens Germar (Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------- Feeding on head -------- Do. Larinus jaceae (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Larinus jaceae (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- Feeding on head -------- Do. Larinus rusticanus Gyllenhal (Curculionidae. CO] ------------------------- Resting on head --------- Do. Larinus rusticanus Gyllenhal [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------ Reared from head -------- Do. Myelois cribrella (Hubner) [Pyralidae, LE] ------------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Orellia near colon (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Porphyrinia parva (Hiibner) [Noctuidae, LE] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] ---------------------- do -------------- Do. Carthamus tinctorius L.: Chaetorellia sp. (Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------------------- do -------------- Israel. Hylemya radicum (L.) [Anthomyiidae, DI] ------------------------------ Swept from plant -------- Italy. Centaurea amara L.: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Apion detritum Rey [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Chaetorellia sp. [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) [Cynipidae, HY] ---------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Larinus planus (Fabricius) (Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Lasioderma prob. obscurum Solsky [Anobiidae, CO] ---------------------------- do -------------- Do. Ormyrus punctiger Westwood [Ormyridae, HY] ------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Porphyrinia parva (Hubner) [Noctuidae, LE] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Porphyrinia parva (Hubner) [Noctuidae, LE] ---------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Prodotis stolida (Fabricius) [Noctuidae, LE] --------------------------- Reared from foliage --~---- Do. Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] ---------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Scymnus sp. [Coccinellidae, CO] ------------------------------------------ On plant ------------ Do. Sibinia attalica (Gyllenhal) [Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Urophora prob. quadrifasciata (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------- do -------------- Do. Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------- do -------------- Iran. Divales bipustulata Fabricius [Melyridae, CO] --------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Italy. Divales sp. [Melyridae, CO] ------------------------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Eudecatoma biguttata Swederus or E. submutica (Thomson) [Eurytomidae, HY] ----------------------------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Eudecatoma submutica (Thomson) [Eurytomidae, HY] ------------------------- do -------------- Do. Eurytoma robusta Mayr [Eurytomidae, HY] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman [Eurytomidae, HY] ------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) [Cynipidae, HY] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Do. See footnotes at end of table. 16 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship’ Country Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow:—Continued Ormyrus gratiosus (Foerster) [Ormyridae, HY] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Ormyrus punctiger Westwood [Ormyridae, HY] ------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Sibinia attalica (Gyllenhal) [Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Centaurea calcitrapa L.: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Cochylis posterana (Zeller) [Cochylidae, LE] ----------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Danacaea sp. [Melyridae, CO] ---------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman [Eurytomidae, HY] ------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Heliothis peltiger (Denis & Schiffermiiller) [Noctuidae, LE] --------------- Reared from foliage ------- Turkey. Hephathus nanus (Herrich-Schaffer) [Cicadellidae, H-HO] ----------------- Feeding on plant -------- Italy. Hysteropterum grylloides (Fabricius) [Issidae, H-HO] -------------------- Resting on foliage -------- Turkey. Larinus longirostris Gyllenhal (Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------- Reared from head -------- Italy. Ormyrus gratiosus (Foerster) [Ormyridae, HY] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Phytomyza prob. horticola Goureau [Agromyzidae, DI] ------------------- Reared from leaf -------- Do. Porphyrinia parva (Hiibner) [Noctuidae, LE] ---------------------------- Reared from head -------- Yugoslavia. Porphyrinia parva (Hiibner) [Noctuidae, LE] ---------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] ---------------- Reared from head -------- Italy. Urophora prob. quadrifasciata (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------- Swept from plant -------- Egypt. Centaurea cineraria L.: Drepressaria sp. [Oecophoridae, LE] ----------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Italy. Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) [Cynipidae, HY] ---------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Parmena sp. [Cerambycidae, CO] -------------------------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Ptinus villiger (Reitter) [Ptinidae, CO] --------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Centaurea diffusa Lamarck: Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) [Anobiidae, CO] ----------------------- Reared from head -------- Germany. Urophora prob. quadrifasciata (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------- do -------------- Do. Centaurea jacea L.: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------- do -------------- Austria. Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------- do -------------- France. Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------- do -------------- Germany. Anthomyza gracilis Fallen [Anthomyzidae, DI] -------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Bangasternus sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------------------- Reared from head -------- Italy. Chaetorellia sp. [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------------------- Reared ------------ Do. Chaetostomella onotrophes (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] ---------------------- Reared from head -------- Germany. Eudecatoma biguttata Swederus or E. submutica (Thomson) [Eurytomidae, HY] ----------------------------------------------------- do -------------- Italy. Eudecatoma submutica (Thomson) [Eurytomidae, HY] ------------------------- do -------------- Do. Eurytoma robusta Mayr [Eurytomidae, HY] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman [Eurytomidae, HY] ------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Larinus planus (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Larinus sturnus (Schaller) (Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) [Anobiidae, CO] ----------------------------- do -------------- Do. Orellia falcata (Scopoli) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------------- do ~------------- Do. Ormyrus punctiger Westwood [Ormyridae, HY] --------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Oscinella frit (L.)[Chloropidae, DI] -------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Germany. Polyodaspis ruficornis (Macquart) [Chloropidae, DI] ----------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Polyodaspis ruficornis (Macquart) [Chloropidae, DI] ----------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich) [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------- -------------------------------- Italy. Sarcophaga sp. [Sarcophagidae, DI] ------------------------------------ Reared from plant -------- Do. Sitona sp. (Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------------- Reared from head -------- Germany. Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Urophora prob. quadrifasciata (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------- do. —---—=--—-———= Do. See footnotes at end of table. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST 17 Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship’ Country Centaurea maculosa Lamarck: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------- do ----------- Do. Apion onopordi Kirby [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------- Reared from root ----- Austria. Bracon sp. [Braconidae, HY] ---------------------------------- ----------------------------- France. Corticaria sp. [Lathridiidae, CO] --------------------------------------- Reared from plant ----- Germany. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman [Eurytomidae, HY] --------------------------- Reared from head ----- France. Meligethes incanus Sturm [Nitidulidae, CO] ------------------------------ Reared from plant ----- Italy. Ormyrus punctiger Westwood [Ormyridae, HY] ------------------- ----------------------------- France. Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.) [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------- Reared from plant ----- Germany. Terellia virens (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] -------------------------- ----------------------------- France. Urophora affinis (Frauenfeld) [Tephritidae, DI] --------------------------- Reared from head ----- Austria. Urophora affinis (Frauenfeld) (Tephritidae, DI] --------------------------------- do ----------- France. Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------ do ----------- Germany. Urophora prob. quadrifasciata (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------- do ----------- France. Urophora prob. quadrifasciata (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------- do ----------- Germany. Centaurea napifolia L.: Acalles dromedarius Boheman [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------ Reared from root ----- Italy. Acalles sp. (Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------------------- do ----------- Do. Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------- Reared from head ----- Do. Attalus sp. [Melyridae, CO] ------------------------------------------- Reared from plant ----- Do. Cnephasia sp. [Tortricidae, LE] ---------------------------------------- Reared from stem ----- Do. Eudecatoma biguttata Swederus or E. submutica (Thomson) [Eurytomidae, HY] ------------------------------------------------ Reared from head ----- Do. Eudecatoma submutica (Thomson) [Eurytomidae, HY] --------------------------- do ----------- Do. Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- Reared from plant ----- Do. Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) [Cynipidae, HY] ------------------------------ Reared from head ----- Do. Larinus longirostris Gyllenhal [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------------- -- do ----------- Do. Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) [Anobiidae, CO] ------------------------------- do ----------- Do. Rhyzobius litura (Fabricius) [Coccinellidae, CO] ---------------------------- Feeding on leaf ------ Do. Centaurea napifolia L.?: Porphyrinia parva (Hiibner) [Noctuidae, LE] ----------------------------- Reared from plant ----- Do. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni: Acalles sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------------- Reared from head ----- Do. Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------- do ----------- Do. Apion sp. [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- --------------- Resting on plant ----- Do. Coleophora sp. [Coleophoridae, LE] ------------------------------------- Reared from head ----- Do. Eudecatoma biguttata Swederus or E. submutica (Thomson) [Eurytomidae, HY] ------------------------------------------------------ do ----------- Do. Eudecatoma submutica (Thomson) [Eurytomidae, HY] --------------------------- do ----------- Do. Eurytoma robusta Mayr [Eurytomidae, HY] ----------------------------------- do ----------- Do. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman [Eurytomidae, HY] --------------------------------- do ----------- Do. Gymanetron sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------- Reared from plant ----- Do. Larinus flavescens Germar [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------- Reared --------- Do. Larinus longirostris Gyllenhal [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------ Resting on plant ----- Do. Larinus longirostris Gyllenhal [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------ Reared from head ----- Do. Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) [Anobiidae, CO] ------------------------------- do ----------- Do. Leucopis sp. [Chamaemyiidae, DI] -------------------------------------- Reared from plant ----- Do. Lonchoptera furcata (Fallén) [Lonchopteridae, DI] ------------------------------- do ----------- Do. Mordellistena sp. [Mordellidae, CO] ------------------------------------------- do ------------ Do. Orellia near punctata (Schrank) [Tephritidae, DI] -------------------------- Reared from head ------ Do. Ormyrus punctiger Westwood [Ormyridae, HY] --------------------------------- do. ------------ Do. Urophora prob. quadrifasciata (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------- dose a aes Do. See footnotes at end of table. 18 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship’ Country Centaurea nigra L.: Chaetostomelia onotrophes (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------- do -------------- Germany. Urophora jaceana (Hering) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------------ do -------------- France. Centaurea paniculata L.: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Centaurea phrygia L.: Chaetostomella onotrophes (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------- do -------------- Germany. Eurytoma robusta Mayr [Eurytomidae, HY] ----------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman [Eurytomidae, HY] --------------------------------- do -------------- Italy. Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) [Cynipidae, HY] ------------------------------------ do -------------- Germany. Larinus australis Capiomont [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------ -------------------------------- Austria. Centaurea repens L.: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------- Swept from plant -------- Iran. Attalus sp. [Melyridae, CO] ------------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Bruchidius quinqueguttatus (Olivier) complex [Bruchidae, CO] -------------------- do -------------- Do. Circulifer opacipennis (Lethierry) [Cicadellidae, H-HO] -------------------------- do -------------- Do. Clytra atraphaxidis Pallas or near [Chrysomelidae, CO] -------------------------- do -------------- Do. Probably Coptocephala sp. [Chrysomelidae, CO] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Deltocephalus sp. [Cicadellidae, H-HO] ---------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Eumerus strigatus Falién [Syrphidae, DI] -------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Handianus sp. {Cicadellidae, H-HO] ------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Holcostethus sp. [Pentatomidae, H-HE] --------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret [Cixiidae, H-HO] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Oliarus barajus Dlabola [Cixiidae, H-HO] -------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Spermophagus sericeus (Geoffroy) [Bruchidae, CO] ------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Tettigometra griseola Fieber [Tettigometridae, H-HO] --------------------------- do -------------- Do. Tettigometra sp. [Tettigometridae, H-HO] ------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Thaumatomyia sulcifrons (Becker) [Chloropidae, DI] ----------------------------- do -------------- Do. Timia xanthaspis (Loew) [Otitidae, DI] ---------------------------------------- do --------------- Do. Centaurea scabiosa L.: Chaetostomella onotrophes (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------- Reared from head -------- Germany. Eurytoma robusta Mayr [Eurytomidae, HY] ----------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman [Eurytomidae, HY] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud) [Cynipidae, HY] ------------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Larinus near leuzeae Fabre [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Orellia colon (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ---------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Oreilia sp. [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Urophora cuspidata (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Urophora prob. quadrifasciata (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------- do -------------- Do. Centaurea sphaerocephala L.: Orellia punctata (Schrank) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------------ do -------------- Italy. Psilothrix sp. [Melyridae, CO] ----------------------------------------- Resting on flower -------- Do. Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] ------------------ Reared from head -------- Do. Centaurea sp.: Acalles sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Caenacis sp. [Pteromalidae, HY] --------------------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Chaetostomella onotrophes (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------- do -------------- Do. Eurytoma robusta Mayr [Eurytomidae, HY] ----------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Larinus prob. australis Capiomont [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- do -------------- Do. Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich) [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------- -------------------------------- Do. Terellia serratulae (L.) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------- -------------------------------- Do. See footnotes at end of table. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST 19 Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship’ Country Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli: Altica carduorum (Guérin-Ménevillé) [Chrysomelidae, CO] ---------- -------------------------------- France. Apion detritum Rey [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------------- Reared from stem -------- Italy. Bruchidius sp. [Bruchidae, CO] -------------~--------------------------- Reared from head -------- Germany. Cassida prob. vibex L. [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------------------- Reared from foliage ------- Yugoslavia. Ceutorhynchus litura (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------- Resting on plant -------- Switzerland. Chaetostomella onotrophes (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------- Reared from plant -------- Germany. Cleonus piger (Scopoli) (Curculionidae, CO|]------------------------------- Reared from root -------- Italy. Cochylis near hybridella (Hiibner) [Cochylidae, LE] ------------------------ Reared from head -------- Yugoslavia. Corticaria sp. [Lathridiidae, CO] --------------------------------------------- do -------------- Germany. Epuraea sp. [Nitidulidae, CO] ------------------------------------------ Reared from plant -------- Do. Eurytoma robusta Mayr [Eurytomidae, HY] ----------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman [Eurytomidae, HY] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman [Eurytomidae, HY] --------------------------------- do -------------- Yugoslavia. Larinus planus (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------------- Feeding on plant -------- Germany. Larinus planus (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Larinus planus (Fabricius) (Curculionidae, CO] -------------------- -------------------------------- Switzerland. Larinus planus (Fabricius) (Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Spain. Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------- Reared from head -------- Italy. Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------- do -------------- Germany. Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------- do -------------- Yugoslavia. Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Germany. Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------- -------------------------------- France. Lema cyanella L. [Chrysomelidae, CO] -------------------------- -------------------------------- England. Meligethes sp. [Nitidulidae, CO] ---------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Italy. Ormyrus punctiger Westwood [Ormyridae, HY] --------------------------- Reared from head -------- Yugoslavia. Otiorhynchus sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Germany. Philaenus spumarius (L.) [Cercopidae, H-HO] --------------------------------- On plant ------------ Italy. Phora sp. [Phoridae, DI] ---------------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Germany. Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] ------------------------ do -------------- Italy. Sitona sp.{Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------------ Reared from head -------- Germany. Sphaeroderma rubidum (Graélls) [Chrysomelidae, CO] -------------- -------------------------------- Switzerland. Sphaeroderma testaceum L. [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------- -------------------------------- Do. Stictopleurus punctatonervosus (Goeze) [Rhopalidae, H—HE] ---------------- Resting on head --------- Germany. Tychius quinquepunctatus (L.) (Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------ Swept from plant -------- Italy. Urophora stylata (Fabricius) [Tephritidae, DI] ---------------------------- Reared from head -------- Yugoslavia.. Cirsium odontolepis Boissier: Porphyrinia purpurina (Denis & Schiffermiiller) [Noctuidae, LE] ------------- Reared from plant -------- Italy. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore: Adscita sp. [Zygaenidae, LE] ------------------------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Altica carduorum (Guérin-Ménevillé [Chrysomelidae, CO] -------------------- Feeding on leaf --------- Do. Apion sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------------- Reared from crown ------- Do. Cleonus morbillosus (Fabricius) (Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------- Reared from head -------- France. Cleonus piger (Scopoli) [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------- Reared from root -------- Germany. Cleonus piger (Scopoli) (Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------- On plant ------------ Italy. Epiblema near pflugiana (Fabricius) [Tortricidae, LE] ---------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Eupithecia sp. (Geometridae, LE] -------------------------------------- Reared from head -------- France. Eurytoma robusta Mayr [Eurytomidae, HY] ----------------------------------- do -------------- Italy. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman [Eurytomidae, HY] --------------------------------- do -------------- France. Homeosoma near nebulella (Denis & Schiffermiiller) [Pyralidae, LE] ---------------- do -------------- Italy. Larinus planus (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Germany. Larinus sturnus (Schaller) (Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------------------- do -------------- France. Larinus sturnus (Schaller) (Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Italy. See footnotes at end of table. 20 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship’ Country Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore:—Continued Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Lixus algirus (L.) [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Lixus elongatus (Goeze) (Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------ OO S===-=-S=— Do. Phyllobius sp. {Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------------------- Resting on leaf --------- Do. Sitona gressorius (Fabricius) (Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Sitona sp. (Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Germany. Sitona sp. (Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------------------- do -------------- Italy. Terellia longicauda (Meigen) [Tephritidae, DI] ---------------------------- Reared from head -------- France. Urophora stylata (Fabricius) [Tephritidae, DI] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Germany. Urophora stylata (Fabricius) [Tephritidae, DI] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Italy. Cirsium sp.: Agapanthia dahli (Richter) [Cerambycidae, CO] ------------------- -------------------------------- Austria. Lasioderma baudii (Schilsky) [Anobiidae, CO] ---------------------------- Reared from head -------- Italy. Urophora stylata (Fabricius) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------- Resting on head --------- Do. Cynara cardunculus L.: Voria ruralis (Fallén) [Tachinidae, DI] ------------------------------- Reared from noctuid larva ---- Do. Cynara scolymus L.: Acalles diocletianus (Germar) [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Acalles dromedarius Boheman [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------ Reared from plant -------- Do. Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Biosteres carbonaris (Nees) [Braconidae, HY] -------------------------- Parasitic on anthomyiid ----- Do. Bracon sp. [Braconidae, HY] ------------------------------------- Reared from unknown insect --- Do. Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hibner) (Tortricidae, LE] ---------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Drosophila funebris (Fabricius) [Drosophilidae, DI] ------------------------------ do -~-=---------=-— Do. Gastroidea polygoni (L.) [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------------------- Resting on leaf --------- Do. Homoeosoma sp. [Pyralidae, LE] --------------------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Larinus scolymi (Olivier) (Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Larinus scolymi (Olivier) [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Lasioderma baudii (Schilsky) [Anobiidae, CO] -------------------------------- On plant ------------ Do. Melitaea cinxia (L.) [Nymphalidae, LE] --------------------------------- Reared from foliage ------- Do. Prodotis stolida (Fabricius) [Noctuidae, LE] ------------------------------ Reared from plant -------- Do. Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] ------------------ Reared from head -------- Do. Sitona sp. (Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Sitona sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------------ Resting on head --------- Do. Sitophilus sp. (Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Sphaeroderma rubidum (Graélls) [Chrysomelidae, CO] ---------------------- Feeding on foliage -------- Do. Subcoccinella vigintiquattuorpunctata (L.) [Coccinellidae, CO] ------------------- On plant ------------ Do. Terellia fuscicornis (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------ Reared from head -------- Do. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link: Agrilus biguttatus (Fabricius) [Buprestidae, CO] -------------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Agrilus biguttatus (Fabricius) [Buprestidae, CO] -------------------------- Swept from plant -------- France. Anaspis sp. [Mordellidae, CO] ------------------------------------------- From branch ---------- Do. Apion fuscirostre (Fabricius) (Curculionidae, CO] ------------------ -------------------------------- 2 Bruchidius seminarius (L.) [Bruchidae, CO] ------------------------------ Reared from seed -------- Italy. Chrysomela or near [Cheysomelidae, CO] ------------------------ -------------------------------- France. Leucoptera spartifoliella (Hiibner) [Lyonetiidae, LE] --------------- -------------------------------- Do. Leucoptera spartifoliella (Hiibner) [Lyonetiidae, LE] --------------- -------------------------------- Italy. Phloeotribus rhododactylus (Marsham) [Scolytidae, CO] ----------------- Reared from dead branch ----- France. Phytodecta olivacea Forster [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------- -------------------------------- Do. Cytisus sp.: Apion near compactum Desbrochers [Curculionidae, CO] ----------- -------------------------------- ? See footnotes at end of table. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST 21 Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship? Country Echinops sphaerocephalus L.: Eurytoma robustus Mayr or E. tibialis Boheman [Eurytomidae, HY] --------- Reared from head -------- Italy. Sitona sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Strophomorphus porcellus (Schonherr) (Curculionidae, CO] ---------------- Reared from crown ------- Do. Euphorbia esula L.: Chamaesphecia empiformis (Esper) [Sesiidae, LE] ------------------------- Reared from roots -------- Austria. Euphorbia sp.: Hyles euphorbiae (L.) [Sphingidae, LE] --------------------------------- Reared from foliage ------- Italy. Galactites tomentosa Moench: Agapanthia cardui (L.) [Cerambycidae, CO] ------------------------------ Resting on plant -------- France. Agapanthia dahli (Richter) [Cerambycidae, CO] --------------------------------- do -------------- Italy. Ceutorhynchidius horridus (Panzer) [Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------- do =-------------- Do. Ceutorhynchidius horridus (Panzer) [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------- Reared from crown ------- Do. Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------- Feeding on leaf --------- Do. Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus (Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------- Reared from crown ------- Do. Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] ------------------ Reared from head -------- Do. Genista sagittalis L.: Apion near formaneki Wagner [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------------------- Germany. Genista sp.: Apion sp. (Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------------------------------------- Do. Hypericum sp.: Chrysolina hyperici Forster [Chrysomelidae, CO] -------------------------- Feeding on foliage -------- Italy. Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller: Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] --------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Yugoslavia. Calophasia casta (Borkhausen) [Noctuidae, LE] -------------------------- Reared from leaves ------- Do. Chrysolina gypsophiiae Kiister [Chrysomelidae, CO] ---------------------------------------------- Do. Eurydema ornatum L. [Pentatomidae, H-HE] ---------------------------- Resting on plant --------- Italy. Gymanetron sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------- Reared from seed -------- Do. Nezara virdula [Pentatomidae, H-HE] ---------------------------------------------------------- Do. Podabrus sp. [Cantharidae, CO] ---------------------------------------- Resting on stem -------- Do. Stragmatophora serratella (Treitschke) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] --------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Linaria fastigiata Chavannes: Brachypterolus pulicarius (Linnaeus) [Nitidulidae, CO] --------------------- Resting on foliage -------- Iran. Gymnetron sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------- Resting on flower -------- Do. Phytoecia sp. [Cerambycidae, CO] -------------------------------------- Feeding on stem -------- Do. Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller: Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] --------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Greece. Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] --------------------------------- do -------------- Turkey. Brachypterolus sp. [Nitidulidae, CO] ------------------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Bruchus dentipes Baudi [Bruchidae, CO] -------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Gymanetron sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------------- do -------------- Greece. Gymnetron sp. {[Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------------- do -------------- Turkey. Leptocera sp. [Sphaeroceridae, DI] ------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Greece. Oscinella sp. [Chloropidae, DI] -~--------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Phytoecia sp. [Cerambycidae, CO] -------------------------------------- Feeding on stem -------- Turkey. Linaria grandiflora Desfontaines: Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] --------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Bruchus brachialis Fabricius [Bruchidae, CO] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Platypalpus sp. [Empididae, DI] --------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. See footnotes at end of table. 22 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship’ Country Linaria heterophylia Desfontaines: Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] --------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Italy. Gymnetron netum (Germar) [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------ Reared from seed pod ------ Do. Julistus sp. [Melyridae, CO] ------------------------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Linaria kurdica Boissier & Hohenacker: Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] --------------------------------- do -------------- Turkey. Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] ---------------------------- Resting on bud --------- Do. Phytoecia sp. [Cerambycidae, CO] -------------------------------------- Resting on stem -------- Do. Linaria lineolata Boissier: Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] --------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Iran. Gymanetron sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Linaria repens (L.) Miller: Gymanetron sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------- Reared from seed -------- France. Stagmatophora serratella (Treitschke) [Cosmopterigidae, LE], --------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Stagmatophora serratella (Treitschke) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] --------------- Reared from root -------- Do. Linaria vulgaris Miller: Attalus sp. [Melyridae, CO] ------------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Italy. Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] --------------------------------- do -------------- France. Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] -------------------------- Resting on flowers ------- Italy. Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] --------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Yugoslavia. Brachypterolus sp. [Nitidulidae, CO] ------------------------------------ Reared from plant -------- Italy. Brachypterolus sp. [Nitidulidae, CO] ------------------------------------ Resting on foliage -------- France. Bracon sp. [Braconidae, HY] -------------------------------------- Reared from plant material ---- Do. Bruchidius prob. unicolor (Olivier) [Bruchidae, CO] ------------------------ Reared from plant -------- Italy. Chelonus sp. [Braconidae, HY] ------------------------------------ Reared from Stagmatophora --- Do. serratella larva in root. Chrysolina sp. [Chrysomelidae, CO] -------------------------------------- In soil near root --------- Do. Cymus glandicolor Hahn [Lygaeidae, H-HE] ----------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Dacnusa leptogaster Haliday [Braconidae, HY] ----------------------- Reared from plant material ---- France. Probably Danacaea sp. [Melyridae, CO] --------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Italy. Linaria vulgaris Miller: Probably Danacaea sp. [Melyridae, CO] --------------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Eupithecia linariata (Denis & Schiffermiller) [Geometridae, LE] ------------ Reared from flower ------- Do. Gymanetron antirrhini (Paykull) [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------ Reared from seed -------- Do. Gymanetron antirrhini (Paykull) (Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------ Resting on flower -------- Do. Gymnetron linariae (Panzer) [Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------- Reared from pod -------- France. Gymnetron linariae (Panzer) (Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------- Reared from root -------- Do. Gymnetron netum (Germar) [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------ Reared from seed pod ------ Italy. Gymnetron sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------- Reared from root gall ------ Do. Gymnoscelis pumilata (Hiibner) [Geometridae, LE] ------------------------ Reared from plant -------- Do. Holcostethus strictus (Fabricius) [Pentatomidae, H-HE] -------------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Mecinus janthinus (Germar) [Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Melitaea didyma (Esper) [Nymphalidae, LE] ---------------------------- Reared from foliage ------- Do. Palpita unionalis (Hiibner) [Pyralidae, LE] ------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Stagmatophora serratella (Treitschke) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] --------------- Reared from root -------- Do. Linaria sp.: Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) [Miridae, H-HE] ------------------------------ On leaf ------------ Turkey. Adelphocoris sp. [Miridae, H-HE] -------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Adonia variegata (Goeze) [Coccinellidae, CO] ----------------------------------- do ------------=- Do. Alloeonotus fulvipes (Scopoli) [Miridae, H-HE] --------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Yugoslavia. Anaphes sp. [Mymaridae, HY] -------------------------------------------- Ex flower ----------- Turkey. Anthicus sp. [Anthicidae, CO] -------------------------------------------- On flower ----------- Do. See footnotes at end of table. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST 23 Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship’ Country Linaria sp.:—Continued Anthocoris nemorum (L.) [Anthocoridae, H-HE] ------------------------------ On leaf ------------ Do. Apion sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Aplocnemus sp. [Melyridae, CO] --------------------------------------- Resting on plant -------------------- Brachycoleus decolor Reuter [Miridae, H-HE] -------------------------------- On leaf ------------ Do. Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] -------------------------- Feeding on flowers ------- Bulgaria. Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.) [Nitidulidae, CO] ----------------------- Reared from plant material ---- Italy. Bracon near osculator Nees [Braconidae, HY] -------------------------------- On flower ----------- Turkey. Calophasia casta (Borkhausen) [Noctuidae, LE] ---------------------------- Pupa on plant --------- Italy. Camponotus lateralis (Olivier) [Formicidae, HY] ------------------------------ On leaf ------------ Turkey. Cardiophorus near niggerinus Erichson [Elateridae, CO] -------------------------- do -------------- Do. Carpocoris lunulatus (Goeze) [Pentatomidae, H-HE] ----------------------------- do -------------- Do. Carpocoris mediterraneus Taminini [Pentatomidae, H-HE] ------------------------ do -------------- Do. Carpocoris pudicus (Poda) [Pentatomidae, H-HE] ------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Cataglyphis near cursor (Fonscolombe) [Formicidae, HY] ------------------------- do -------------- Do. Chrysolina variolosa Pethena [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------------- Reared from foliage ------- Italy. Chrysolina sp. [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------------------- -------------------------------- Turkey. Chrysolina sp. [Chrysomelidae, CO] -------------------------------------- Feeding on leaf --------- Bulgaria. Chrysopa near carnea Stephens [Chrysopidae, NE] ---------------------------- On leaf ------------ Turkey. Cicadatra near hyalina (Fabricius) [Cicadidae, H-HO] -------------------------- On stem ------------ Do. Clytra laeviuscula Ratzeburg or near [Chrysomelidae, CO] ---------------------- On leaf ------------ Do. Coccinella quinquepunctata L. [Coccinellidae, CO] ----------------------------- On stem ------------ Yugoslavia. Coccinella septempunctata L. [Coccinellidae, CO] ------------------ -------------------------------- Turkey. Colotes sp. [Melyridae, CO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- Yugoslavia... Corizus hyoscyami Linnaeus [Rhopalidae, H-HE] ---------------------------- On flower ----------- Turkey. Probably Danacaea sp. [Melyridae, CO] ------------------------------------- On leaf ------------ Do. Probably Danacaea sp. [Melyridae, CO] ------------------------------------- On stem ------------ Yugoslavia. Dictyla echii (Shrank) [Tingidae, H-HE] ------------------------------------- On leaf ------------ Turkey. Dolycoris baccarum (L.) [Pentatomidae, H-HE] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Enoplops discigera (Kolenati) [Coreidae, H-HE] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Entedon sp. [Eulophidae, HY] --------------------------------- -------------------------------- Do. Eupelmus sp. [Eupelmidae, HY] ------------------------------------------- On flower ----------- Yugoslavia. Eurygaster maura (L.) [Pentatomidae, H-HE] --------------------------------- On leaf ------------ Turkey. Eurytoma sp. [Eurytomidae, HY] ---------------------------------------- Ex seed pod ---------- Do. Eurytoma sp. [Eurytomidae, HY] ---------------------------------------- On seed pod ---------- Do. Eysarcoris inconspicuus (Herrich-Schaffer) [Pentatomidae, H-HE] ----------- Resting on plant ---~----- Italy. Formica near nasuta Nylander [Formicidae, HY] ------------------------------ On stem ------------ Turkey. Formica sp. [Formicidae, HY] ------------------------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Heliothis sp. [Noctuidae, LE] ---------------------------------------------- On plant ------------ Do. Leucopis sp. [(Chamaemyiidae, DI] -------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Leucocelis sp. [Scarabaeidae, CO] ----------------------------------------- On flower ----------- Yugoslavia. Lygaeus equestris (L.) [Lygaeidae, H-HE] ------------------------------------ On leaf ------------ Turkey. Lygus pratensis (L.) [Miridae, H-HE] ----------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Lygus rugulipennis Poppius [Miridae, H-HE] ----------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Mecinus sp. [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ Melitaea didyma (Esper) [Nymphalidae, LE] ----------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Microplitis poss. scrophulariae Szelenyi [Braconidae, HY] --------------------- On flower ----------- Do. Microplitis poss. variipes Ruthe [Braconidae, HY] ------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Mylabris apicipennis Reiche [Meloidae, CO] ------------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Mylabris sp. [Meloidae, CO] ----------------------------------------------- On leaf ------------ Do. Nemotelus sp. #1 [Stratiomyidae, DI] ----------------------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Nemotelus sp. #2 [Stratiomyidae, DI] ----------------------------------~------ do -------------- Do Nemotelus sp. #2 [Stratiomyidae, DI] -------------------------------------- On flower ----------- Do. See footnotes at end of table. 24 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship’ Country Linaria sp.:—Continued Omophulus sp. [Alleculidae, CO] --------------------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Italy. Paragus sp. [Syrphidae, DI] ---------------------------------------------- On flower ----------- Turkey. Phyllotreta sp. [Chrysomelidae, CO] ------------------------------------ Resting on foliage -------- Do. Phytomyza prob. horticola Goureau [Agromyzidae, DI] ------------------- Resting on leaf mine ------- Do. Plutella xylostella (L.) [Plutellidae, LE] ------------------------------- Reared from pupa on leaf ----- Do. Podonta aubei Mulsant [Alleculidae, CO] ------------------------ -------------------------------- Do. Polymerus sp. [Miridae, H-HE] -------------------------------------------- On leaf ------------ Do. Rhinocoris iracundus Poda [Reduviidae, H-HE] -------------------------------~-- do -------------- Do. Rhopalus sp. [Rhopalidae, H-HE] -------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Scymnus sp. [Coccinellidae, CO] ------------------------------------------- On flower ----------- Yugoslavia. Scymnus (s.str.) sp. [Coccinellidae, CO] -------------------------------------- On leaf ------------ Turkey. Spilostethus saxatilis (Scopoli) [Lygaeidae, H-HE] ------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Spintherus sp. [Pteromalidae, HY] ---------------------------------------- On seed pod ---------- Do. Spintherus sp. [Pteromalidae, HY] ----------------------------------------- On flower ----------- Do. Stagmatophora serratella (Treitschke) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] --------------- Reared from root -------- Do. Subcoccinella vigintiquattuorpunctata (L.) [Coccinellidae, CO] ------------------- On leaf ------------ Do. Tapinoma sp. [Formicidae, HY] -------------------------------------------- On stem ------------ Do. Telenomus sp. [Scelionidae, HY] ------------------------------------------ Ex flower ----------- Do. Tettigonia caudata (Charpentier) [Tettigoniidae, OR] -------------------------- On leaf ------------ Do. Onopordum acanthium L.: Lixus cardui Olivier [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------------- Reared from stem ------~-- Switzerland. Onopordum tauricum Willdenow: Apion onopordi Kirby [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------ Reared from crown ------- Italy. Cercopis vulnerata Rossi [Cercopidae, H-HO] ----------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Cleonus piger (Scopoli) (Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------- Reared from root -------- Do. Crepidodera ferruginea (Scopoli) or near [Chrysomelidae, CO] ---------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Deraeocoris schach (Fabricius) [Miridae, H-HE] --------~------------------------- do -------------- Do. Larinus australis Capiomont [Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Larinus cynarae (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- Resting on stem -------- Do. Myelois sp. [Pyralidae, LE] -------------------------------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Orellia lappae (Cederhjelm) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Philaenus spumarius (L.) [Cercopidae, H-HO] ----------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Sitona sp. [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------~--------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Tephritis postica (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Onopordum sp.: Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Cochylis posterana (Zeller) [Cochylidae, LE] ------------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Cryptocephalus hypochoeridis (L.) [Chrysomelidae, CO] -------------------- Resting on leaves -------- Do. Dolycoris baccarum (L.) [Pentatomidae, H-HE] --------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Eurytoma robusta Mayr [Eurytomidae, HY] ----------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Glaphyrus sp. (Scarabaeidae, CO] -------------------------------------- Resting on leaves -------- Turkey. Graphosoma lineata (L.) [Podopidae, H-HE] ------------------------------ Resting on plant -------- Italy. Larinus cynarae (Fabricius) (Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- Resting on stem -------- Do. Larinus latus (Herbst) [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Turkey. Lixus cardui Olivier [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------------- Reared from stem -------- Italy. Mesocerus marginatus (L.) ? [Coreidae, H-HE] ---------------------------- Resting on foliage -------- Do. Oedemera podagrariae (L.) [Oedemeridae, CO] ---------------------------- Resting on leaves -------- Do. Orellia lappae (Cederhjelm) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------- Reared from stem ~------- Do. Ormyrus punctiger Westwood [Ormyridae, HY] --------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Palomena prasina (L.) [Pentatomidae, H-HE] ----------------------------- Resting on plant -------- Do. Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] ------------------ Reared from head -------- Do. Tephritis postica (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Terellia near virens (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------------------ do -------------- Do. See footnotes at end of table. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST 25 Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship Country Quercus pubescens Willdenow: Bruchus brachialis Fabricius [Bruchidae, CO] ----------------------------- Resting on bark --------- Do. Salsola kali L.: Coleophora sp. (Coleophoridae, LE] ----------------------------------------- Ex plant ------------ Egypt. Gymnancyla canella (Denis & Schiffermiiller) [Pryralidae, LE] --------------- Reared from plant -------- Italy. Salsola sp.: Cryptocephalus populi Suffrian or near [Chrysomelidae, CO] --------------------------------------- Do. Geocoris megacephalus siculus (Fieber) [Lygaeidae, H-HE] ---------------------------------------- Do. Salvai aethiopis L.: Meligethes incanus Sturm [Nitidulidae, CO] ----------------------------------------------------- Turkey. Phrydiuchus tau Warner [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------------------------------------- Yugoslavia. Salvia argentea L.: Phrydiuchus spilmani Warner [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------ Resting on plant -------- Italy. Salvia limbata C. A. von Meyer: Heliothis peltiger (Denis & Schiffermiiller) [Noctuidae, LE] ---------------- Reared from foliage ------- Iran. Salvia palaestina Bentham: Cynthia cardui (L.) [Nymphalidae, LE] ---------------------------------------- do -------------- Turkey. Salvia verbenaca L.: Phytoecia pustulata (Schrank) (Cerambycidae, CO] ----------------------------------------------- Italy. Phytometra sp. [Noctuidae, LE] --------------------------------------- Reared from foliage ------- Do. Salvia virgata Jacquin: Sphragisticus nebulosus (Fallen) [Lygaeidae, H-HE] --------------- -------------------------------- Do. Salvia sp.: Chrysolina grossa (Fabricius) [Chrysomelidae, CO] ---------------- -------------------------------- Do. Scrophularia canina L.: Ancyrosoma leucogrammum (Gmelin) [Podopidae, H-HE] ----------------- Resting under plant ------- Do. Berytinus sp. [Berytidae, H-HE] --------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Heterogaster urticae (Fabricius) [Lygaeidae, H-HE] ----------------------------- do -------------- Do. Mesocerus marginatus (L.) ? [Coreidae, H-HE] ---------------------------------- do --~----------+ Do. Phymata crassipes (Fabricius) ? [Phymatidae, H-HE] ---------------------------- do -------------- Do. Spermophagus sericeus (Geoffroy) [Bruchidae, CO] ------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Strobilotoma typhaecornis (Fabricius) [Coreidae, H-HE] -------------------------- do -------------- Do. Senecio aquaticus Hill: Agapanthia prob. dahli (Richter) [Cerambycidae, CO] ---------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Alophus nictitans Boheman [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- Feeding on root --------- Do. Bracon sp. [Braconidae, HY] -------------------------------------- Prob. ex Agapanthia larva ---- Do. Chaetocnema prob. conducta Motschulsky [Chrysomelidae, CO] ------------- Swept from plant -------- Do. Chlorissa sp. [Geometridae, LE] ---------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Cochylis prob. atricapitana (Stephens) [Cochylidae, LE] ------------------- Reared from crown ------- Do. Eupithecia centaurearia (Denis & Schiffermiiller) [Geometridae, LE] ---------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Gastroidea polygoni (L.) [Chrysomelidae, CO] ---------------------------- In soil near roots -------- Do. Liriomyza strigata (Meigen) [Agromyzidae, DI] --------------------------- Reared from leaf -------- Do. Lixus punctiventris Boheman [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------- Reared from crown & roots ---- Do. Longitarsus dorsalis (Fabricius) [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------------- Feeding on leaf --------- Do. Longitarsus ganglbaueri Heikertinger [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------- Feeding on foliage -------- Do. Longitarsus prob. ganglbaueri Heikertinger [Chrysomelidae, CO] ------------ Swept from plant -------- Do. Longitarsus jacobaea Waterhouse [Chrysomelidae, CO] -------------------- Resting on foliage -------- Do. Longitarsus prob. jacobaea Waterhouse [Chrysomelidae, CO] --------------- Swept from plant -------- Do. Longitarsus near tabidus (Fabricius) [Chrysomelidae, CO] ------------------ Reared from roots -------- Do. Melanagromyza dettmeri Hering [Agromyzidae, DI] ----------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Melanagromyza near tripolii Spencer [Agromyzidae, DI] ------------------------- do -------------- Do. See footnotes at end of table. 26 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect! relationship? — Country Senecio aquaticus Hill:—Continued Otiorhynchus rugostriatus (Goeze) [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------- — Reared from roots -------- Do. Oulema melanopus (L.) [Chrysomelidae, CO] ------------------------------ Resting on leaves -------- Do. Philaenus spumarius (L.) [Cercopidae, H-HO] ----------------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Philaenus spumarius (L.) [Cercopidae, H-HO] ----------------------------- Resting on foliage -------- Do. Philaenus spumarius (L.) [Cercopidae, H-HO] ---------------------------- Reared from foliage ------- Do. Phycitodes carlinella (Heinemann) [Pyralidae, LE] ------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Sitona puncticollis Stephens [Curculionidae, CO] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Senecio ercifolius L.: Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hiibner) [Tortricidae, LE] --------------------- Reared from foliage ------- Do. Senecio jacobaea L.: Apanteles sp. [Braconidae, HY] ---------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Switzerland. Bracon sp. (Braconidae, HY] -------------------------------------- Reared from plant material ---- France. Bufolucilia siluarum (Meigen) [Calliphoridae, DI] ------------------------------ Reared ------------ Do. Cochylis prob. atricapitana (Stephens) [Cochylidae, LE] ------------------- Reared from crown ------- Germany. Diglyphosema sp. [Cynipidae, HY] ---------------------------------- Reared from agromyzid ----- France. Ematurga atomaria (L.) [Geometridae, LE] ------------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Eucosma campoliliana (Denis & Schiffermiiller) ? [Tortricidae, LE] ----------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Eumerus sp. [Syrphidae, DI] ------------------------------------------- Feeding in root --------- Do. Eupithecia absinthiata (Clerck) [Geometridae, LE] ---------------- -------------------------------- Do. Eupithecia centaurearia (Denis & Schiffermiiller) [Geometridae, LE] ---------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Eutrias sp. [Cynipidae, HY] --------------------------------------- Reared from Diptera pupa ---- Do. Exartema sp. (Tortricidae, LE] ----------------------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Fannia sp. (Muscidae, DI] --------------------------------------------- Swept from plant -------- Do. Hylemya brassicae (Wiedemann) [Anthomyiidae, DI] ---------------------------- do -------------- Do. Hylemya cinerella (Fallen) [Anthomyiidae, DI] ---------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Hylemya coarctata (Fallén) [Anthomyiidae, DI] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Hylemya platura (Meigen) [Anthomyiidae, DI] ---------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. Hylemya pullula (Zetterstedt) [Anthomyiidae, DI] ------------------------- Swept from plant -------- Do. Hylemya radicum (L.) [Anthomyiidae, DI] ------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Hylemya seneciella (Meade) [Anthomyiidae, DI] -------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Lasioderma baudii (Schilsky) [Anobiidae, CO] ---------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Germany. Liriomyza latigenis (Hendel) [Agromyzidae, DI] -------------------------------- do -------------- France. Lixus punctiventris Boheman [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------- Reared from crown & roots ---- Germany. Lixus punctiventris Boheman [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------- do -------------- Switzerland. Longitarsus prob. ganglbaueri Heikertinger [Chrysomelidae, CO] ------------ Swept from plant -------- Do. Longitarsus prob. jacobaea Waterhouse [Chrysomelidae, CO] --------------------- do -------------- Do. Longitarsus prob. jacobaea Waterhouse [Chrysomelidae, CO] --------------- Reared from root -------- Do. Longitarsus sp. [Chrysomelidae, CO] ------------------------------------ In soil under plant -------- France. Longitarsus sp. [Chrysomelidae, CO] ------------------------------------ Resting on plant -------- Do. Melanagromyza aeneoventris (Fallen) [Agromyzidae, DI] ------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Melanagromyza eupatorii Spencer [Agromyzidae, DI] ---------------------------- do -------------- Switzerland. Olibrus corticalis (Panzer) [Phalacridae, CO] ---------------------- -------------------------------- Italy. Ophiomyia senecionina Hering [Agromyzidae, DI] ------------------------ Reared from plant -------- France. Opius sp. [Braconidae, HY] ------------------------------------------------- do -------------- Switzerland. Orgilus sp. [Braconidae, HY] -------------------------------------- Reared from crown & roots ---- Germany. Oulema melanopus (L.) [Chrysomelidae, CO] ------------------------------ Reared from plant -------- Switzerland. Oxyna nebulosa (Wiedemann) [Tephritidae, DI] ---------------------------- Resting on head --------- Do. Pantomorus cervinus (Boheman) [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------- Resting on stem -------- Italy. Paroxyna prob. tessellata (Loew) [Tephritidae, DI] ------------------------ Reared from plant -------- France. Probably Phycitodes albatella (Ragonot) [Pyralidae, LE] ------------------------- do -------------- Switzerland. Psilus sp. [Diapriidae, HY] ------------------------------------------ Reared from Hylemya ------ France. seneciella (Meade). Sermylassa halensis (L.) [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------------------- Reared from plant -------- Do. See footnotes at end of table. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST 27 Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship? Country Senecio jacobaea L.:—Continued Sitona lineatus (L.) [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------------------- Resting on roots -------- Do. Sphaerophoria rueppelli Wiedemann [Syrphidae, DI] -------------- -------------------------------- Italy. Sphenella marginata (Fallén) (Tephritidae, DI] ---------------------------- Reared from head -------- France. Trupanea stellata (Fuessly) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Trupanea stellata (Fuessly) [Tephritidae, DI] ----------------------------------- do -------------- Germany. Trupanea stellata (Fuessly) [Tephritidae, DI]* -------------------- -------------------------------- Italy. Tyria jacobaeae (L.) [Arctiidae, LE] ----------------------------- -------------------------------- France. Senecio nemorensis L.: Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hiibner) [Tortricidae, LE] --------------------- Reared from foliage ------- Do. Senecio squalidus L.: Peridroma saucia (Hiibner) [Noctuidae, LE) ---------------------------------- Reared ------------ Italy. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner: Apion detritum Rey [Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Carpocoris mediterraneus Taminini [Pentatomidae, H-HE] ------------------- Resting on head --------- Do. Cassida near deflorata Suffrian [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------------- Feeding on foliage -------- Do. Cassida prob. vibex L. [Chrysomelidae, CO] ------------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Cassida prob. vibex L. [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------------------- Reared from foliage ------- Do. Cnepnasia sp. [Tortricidae, LE] ---------------------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Cynthia cardui (Linnaeus) [Nymphalidae, LE] --------------------------- Reared from foliage ------- Turkey. Gastroidea polygoni (L.) [Chrysomelidae, CO] ----------------------------- Resting on leaf --------- Italy. Larinus cynarae (Fabricius) (Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- Reared from head -------- Do. Larinus cynarae (Fabricius) (Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------- Feeding on head -------- Do. Lixus algirus (L.) (Curculionidae, CO] ----------------------------------- Resting on stem -------- Do. Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller) [Cosmopterigidae, LE] ------------------ Reared from head -------- Do. Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich) (Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Tamarix sp.: Apion sp. [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------------------------------ Swept from plant -------- Turkey. Bruchidius near bimaculatus (Olivier) [Bruchidae, CO] --------------------------- do -------------- Do. Bruchidius near imbricornis (Panzer) [Bruchidae, CO] ---------------------------- do) 22-5052 22e25 Do. Bruchidius nudus (Allard) [Bruchidae, CO] ------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Cantharis sp. [Cantharidae, CO] ---------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Ceratina sp. [Anthophoridae, HY] -----------------------~-------------------- do -------------- Do. Chlorophanus excisus (Fabricius) [Curculionidae, CO] ---------------------------- do -------------- Do. Coccinella septempunctata L. [Coccinellidae, CO] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Coniatus sp. (Curculionidae, CO] --------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Cteniopus sp. [Alleculidae, CO] ---------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Desmometopa near m-nigrum (Zetterstedt) [Milichiidae, DI] ---------------------- do -------------- Do. Diorhabda sp. [Chrysomelidae, CO] ------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Dolycoris baccarum (L.) [Pentatomidae, H-HE] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Hylemya sp. [Anthomyiidae, DI] --------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Malachius aeneus L. [Melyridae, CO] ------------------------------------------ do -------------- Do. Malachius sp. #1 [Melyridae, CO] ---------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Malachius sp. #2 [Melyridae, CO] --------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Microphorus sp. [Empididae, DI] ----------------------------------~----------- do -------------- Do. Minettia plumicornis (Fallen) [Lauxaniidae, DI] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Nabis viridulus Spinola [Nabidae, H-HE] -------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Orthellia caesarion (Meigen) [Muscidae, DI] ------------------------------------ dg -------------- Do. Pachybrachys sp. [Chrysomelidae, CO] ---------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Platypalpus sp. [Empididae, DI] --------------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Trixoscelis frontalis (Fallén) [Trixoscelidae, DI] --------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Trixoscelis obscurella (Fallén) [Trixoscelidae, DI] -------------------------------- do -------------- Do. Valgus hemipterus L. [Scarabaeidae, CO] -------------------------------------- do -------------- Do. See footnotes at end of table. 28 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Table 2.—Selected weedy plants and associated insects, extent of their association, and country of origin—Continued Insect-plant Plant and insect’ relationship’ Country Tribulus terrestris L.: Arthrolips sp. [Orthoperidae, CO] -------------------------------------- Reared from seed -------- Italy. Microlarinus lareynii (Jacq. du Val) (Curculionidae, CO] ------------------ Reared from seed pod ------ Do. Microlarinus lypriformis (Wollaston) [Curculionidae, CO] ------------------- Reared from stem -------- Do. Sarcophaga balanina Pandellé [Sarcophagidae, DI] ------------------------ In soil under plant -------- Do. ‘CO = Coleoptera, DI = Diptera, H-HE = Hemiptera-Heteroptera, H-HO = Hemiptera-Homoptera, LE = Lepidoptera, HY = Hymenoptera, NE = Neuroptera, OR = Orthoptera. ? Dashes indicate no recorded insect-plant relationship. ’ Host species uncertain, probably Senecio jacobaea L. INDEX OF INSECT AND PLANT NAMES [Plant names are set in bold type] A Acalles diocletianus (Germar), 4, 20. Acalles dromedarius boheman, 4, 17, 20. Acalles sp., 4, 17. Acanthiophilus helianthi (Rossi), 8, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 24. Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze), 9, 22. Adelphocoris sp., 10, 22. Adonia variegata (Goeze), 3, 22 Adscita sp., 14, 19. Agapanthia cardui (L.), 2, 21. Agapanthia dahli (Richter), 2, 20, 21. Agapanthia probably dahli (Richter), 3, 25. Agrilus biguttatus (Fabricius), 2, 20. Agromyzidae, 7. Alleculidae, 2. Alloeonotus fulvipes (Scopoli), 10, 22. Alophus nictitans Boheman, 4, 25. Altica carduorum (Guérin-Meénéville), 3, 19. Anaphes sp., 12, 22. Anaspis sp. 6, 20. Ancyrosoma leucogrammum (Gmelin), 10, 25. Anobiidae, 2. Anthicidae, 2. Anthicus sp., 2, 22. Anthocoridae, 9. Anthocoris nemorum \L.), 9, 23. Anthomyiidae, 7. Anthomyza gracilis Fallen, 7, 16. Anthomyzidae, 7. Anthophoridae, 11. Apanteles sp., 11, 26. Apion near compactum Desbrochers, 4, 20. Apion detritum Rey, 4, 15, 19, 27. Apion near formaneki Wagner, 4, 21. Apion fuscirostre (Fabricius), 4, 20. Apion onopordi Kirby, 4, 17, 24. Apion sp., 4, 17, 19, 21, 23. Aplocnemus sp., 6, 23. Arctiidae, 12. Arctium minus Bernhardi, 15. Arthrolips sp., 7, 28. Attalus sp., 6, 17, 18, 22. B Bangasternus sp., 4, 16. Berytidae, 9. Berytinus sp., 9, 25. Biosteres carbonaris (Nees), 11, 20. Boreava sp., 15. Brachycoleus decolor Reuter, 10, 23. Brachypterolus pulicarius (L.), 6, 21, 22, 23. Brachypterolus sp., 6, 22. Bracon near osculator Nees, 11, 23. Bracon sp., 11, 17, 20, 25, 26. Braconidae, 11. Bruchidae, 2. Bruchidius near bimaculatus (Olivier), 2, 27. Bruchidius near imbricornis (Panzer), 2, 27. Bruchidius nudus (Allard), 2, 27. Bruchidius quinqueguttatus (Olivier) complex, Bruchidius seminarius (L.), 2, 20. Bruchidius sp. 2, 19. Bruchidius probably unicolor (Olivier), 2, 22. Bruchus brachialis Fabricius, 2, 25. Bruchus dentipes Baudi, 2, 21. Bufolucilia siluarum (Meigen), 7, 26. Buprestidae, 2. C 2, 18. Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hiibner), 14, 20, 26, 27. Caenacis sp., 12, 18. Callipharidae, 7. Calophasia casta (Borkhausen), 18, 21, 23. Camponotus lateralis (Olivier), 12, 23. Cantharidae, 2. Cantharis sp., 2, 27. Cardiophorus near nigerrimus Erichson, 6, 23. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST Carlina corymbosa L., 15. Carlina lanata L., 15. Carlina vulgaris L., 15. Carpocoris lunulatus (Goeze), 10, 23. Carpocoris mediterraneus Taminini, 10, 23, 27. Carpocoris pudicus (Poda), 10, 23. Cartallum ebulinum (L.), 3, 15. Carthamus lanatus L., 15. Carthamus tinctorius L., 15. Cassida near deflorata Suffrian, 3, 27. Cassida probably vibex L., 3, 19, 27. Cataglyphis near cursor (Fonscolombe), 12, 23. Centaurea amara L., 15. Centaurea caerulescens Willdenow, 15, 16. Centaurea calcitrapa L., 16. Centaurea cineraria L., 16. Centaurea diffusa Lamarck, 16. Centaurea jacea L., 16. Centaurea maculosa Lamarck, 17. Centaurea napifolia L., 17. Centaurea nicaeensis Allioni, 17. Centaurea nigra L., 18. Centaurea paniculata L., 18. Centaurea phrygia L., 18. Centaurea repens L., 13. Centaurea scabiosa L., 18. Centaurea sp., 18. Centaurea sphaerocephala L., 18. Cerambycidae, 2, 3. Ceratina sp., 11, 27. Cercopidae, 10. Cercopis vulnerata Rossi, 10, 23. Ceutorhynchidius horridus (Panzer), 4, 21. Ceutorhynchus litura (Fabricius), 4, 19. Ceutorhynchus trimaculatus (Fabricius), 4, 21. Chaetocnema probably conducta Motschulsky, 3, 25. Chaetorellia sp., 8, 15, 16. Chaetostomella onotrophes (Loew), 8, 16, 18, 19. Chamaemyiidae, 7. Chamaesphecia empiformis (Esper), 14, 21. Chelonus sp., 11, 22. Chlorissa sp., 13, 25. Chlorophanus excisus (Fabricius), 4, 27. Chloropidae, 7. Chrysolina grossa (Fabricius), 3, 25. Chrysolina gypsophilae Kuster, 3, 21. Chrysolina hyperici Forster, 3, 21. Chrysolina sp., 3, 22, 23. Chrysolina variolosa Pethena, 2, 23. Chrysomela sp. or near, 3, 20. Chrysomelidae, 3. Chrysopa near carnea Stephens, 14, 23. Chrysopidae, 14. Cicadatra near hyalina (Fabricius), 10, 23. Cicadellidae, 10. Cicadidae, 10. Circulifer opacipennis (Lethierry), 10, 18. Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopoli, 19. Cirsium odontolepis Boissier, 19. Cirsium sp., 20. Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore, 19, 20. Cixiidae, 10. Cleonus morbiilosus (Fabricius), 4, 19. Cleonus piger (Scopoli), 4, 15, 19, 24. Clytra atraphaxidis Pallas or near, 3, 18. Clytra laeviuscula Ratzeburg or near, 3, 23. Cnephasia sp., 14, 17, 27. Coccinella quinquepunctata L., 4, 23, 27. Coccinella septempunctata L., 4, 23. Coccinellidae, 3, 4. Cochylidae, 12. Cochylis probably atricapitana (Stephens), 12, 25, 26. Cochylis near hybridella (Hiibner), 12, 19. Cochylis posterana (Zeller), 12, 16. Coleophora sp., 13, 17, 25. Coleophoridae, 12. Colotes sp., 6, 23. Coniatus sp., 4, 27. Probably Coptocephala sp., 3, 18. Coreidae, 9. Corizus hyoscyami L., 10, 23. Corticaria sp., 6, 17, 19. Cosmopterigidae, 12, 13. Crepidodera ferruginea (Scopoli) or near, 3, 24. Cryptocephalus hypochoeridis (L.), 3, 24. Cryptocephalus populi Suffrian or near, 3, 25. Cteniopus sp. 2, 27. Curculionidae, 4, 5, 6. Cymus glandicolor Hahn, 9, 22. Cynara cardunculus L., 20. Cynara scolymus L., 20. Cynipidae, 11. Cynthia cardui (L.), 13, 25, 27. Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link, 20. Cytisus sp., 20. D Dacnusa leptogaster Haliday, 11, 22. Danacaea sp., 6, 16. Probably Danacaea sp., 6, 22, 23. Deltocephalus sp., 10, 18. Depressaria sp., 13, 16. Deraeocoris schach (Fabricius), 10, 24. Desmometopa near m-nigrum (Zetterstedt), 8, 27. Diapriidae, 11. Dictyla echii (Schrank), 10, 23. Diglyphosema sp., 11, 26. Diorhabda sp., 3, 27. Divales bipustulata Fabricius, 6, 15. Divales sp., 6, 15. Dolycoris baccarum (L.), 10, 23, 24, 27. Drosophila funebris (Fabricius), 7, 20. Drosophilidae, 7. E Echinops sphaerocephalus L., 21. Elateridae, 6. Ematurga atomaria (L.), 13, 26. Empididae, 7. Enoplops discigera (Kolenati), 9, 23. Entedon sp., 11, 23. Epiblema near pflugiana (Fabricius), 14, 19. Epuraea sp., 6, 19. 29 30 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Eucosma campoliliana (Denis & Schiffermiiller), 14, 26. Eudecatoma biguttata Swederus or E. submutica (Thomson), It, 15, 16, 17, Eudecatoma submutica (Thomson), 11, 15, 16, 17. Eulophidae, 11. Eumerus sp., 8, 26. Eumerus strigatus Fallen, 8, 18. Eupelmidae, 11. Eupelmus sp., 11, 23. Euphorbia esula L., 21. Euphorbia sp., 21. Eupithecia absinthiata (Clerck), 13, 26. Eupithecia centaurearia (Denis & Schiffermiiller), 13, 25. Eupithecia linariata (Denis & Schiffermiiller), 13, 22. Eupithecia sp., 13, 19. Eurydema ornatum L., 10, 21. Eurygaster maura (L.), 10, 23. Eurytoma robusta Mayr, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. Eurytoma robusta Mayr or E. tibialis Boheman, 12, 21, 24. Eurytoma sp., 12, 23. Eurytoma tibialis Boheman, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19. Eurytomidae, 11, 12. Eutrias sp., 11, 26. Exartema sp., 14, 26. Eysarcoris inconspicuus (Herrich-Schaffer), 10, 23. F Fannia sp., 8, 26. Formica near nasuta Nylander, 12, 23. Formica sp., 12, 23. Formicidae, 12. G Galactites tomentosa Moench, 21. Gastroidea polygoni (L.), 3, 20, 25, 27. Genista sagittalis L., 21. Genista sp., 21. Geocoris megacephalus siculus (Fieber), 9, 25. Geometridae, 13. Glaphyrus sp., 7, 24. Graphosoma lineata (L.), 10, 24. Gymnancyla canella (Denis & Schiffermiiller), 14, 25. Gymanetron antirrhini (Paykull), 4, 22. Gymnetron linariae (Panzer), 4, 22. Gymnetron netum (Germar), 4, 22. Gymanetron sp., 4, 17, 21, 22. Gymnoscelis pumilata (Hiibner), 13, 22. H Handianus sp., 10, 18. Heliothis peltiger (Denis & Schiffermiiller), 13, 16. Heliothis sp., 13, 23. Hephathus nanus (Herrich-Schaffer), 10, 13. Heterogaster urticae (Fabricius), 9, 25. Holcostethus sp., 10, 18. Holcostethus strictus (Fabricius), 10, 22. Homeosoma near nebulella (Denis & Schiffermiiller), 13, 19. Homeosoma sp., 13, 20. Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret, 11, 18. Hylemya brassicae (Wiedemann), 7, 26. Hylemya cinerella (Fallén), 7, 26. Hylemya coarctata (Fallén), 7, 26. Hylemya platura (Meigen), 7, 26. Hylemya pullula (Zetterstedt), 7, 26. Hylemya radicum (L.), 7, 15, 26. Hylemya seneciella (Meade), 7, 26. Hylemvya sp., 7, 27. Hyles euphorbiae (L.), 14, 21. Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), 4, 17. Hypericum sp., 21. Hysteropterum grylloides (Fabricius), 11, 13. I Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud), 11, 15, 17, 18. Issidae, 10. J Julistus sp., 6, 2? L Larinus australis Capiomont, 5, 18, 24. Larinus probably australis Capiomont, 5, 18. Larinus cynarae (Fabricius), 5, 24, 27. Larinus flavescens Germar, 5, 15, 16, 17. Larinus jaceae (Fabricius), 5, 15. Larinus latus (Herbst), 5, 24. Larinus near leuzeae Fabre, 5, 18. Larinus longirostris Gyllenhal, 5, 16, 17. Larinus planus (Fabricius), 5, 15, 16, 19. Larinus rusticanus Gyllenhal, 5, 15. Larinus scolymi (Olivier), 5, 20. Larinus sturnus (Schaller), 5, 16, 19. Larinus turbinatus Gyllenhal, 5, 20. Larinus ursus (Fabricius), 5, 15. Lasioderma baudii (Schilsky), 2, 20, 26. Lasioderma probably obscurum Solsky, 2, 15. Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), 2, 16, 17. Lathridiidae, 6. Lauxaniidae, 7 Lema cyanella L., 3, 19. Leptocera sp., 8, 21. Leucocelis sp., 7, 23. Leucopis sp., 7, 23. Leucoptera spartifoliella (Hiibner), 13, 20. Linaria dalmatica (L.) Miller, 21. Linaria fastigiata Chavannes, 21. Linaria genistifolia (L.) Miller, 21. Linaria grandiflora Desfontaines, 21. Linaria heterophylla Desfontaines, 22. Linaria kurdica Boissier & Hohenacker, 22. Linaria lineolata Boissier, 22. Linaria repens (L.) Miller, 22. Linaria sp., 22, 23, 24. Linaria vulgaris Miller, 22. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST Liriomyza latigenis (Hendel), 7, 26. Liriomyza strigata (Meigen), 7, 25. Lixus algirus (L.), 5, 20, 27. Lixus cardui Olivier, 5, 24. Lixus elongatus (Goeze), 5, 20. Lixus punctiventris Boheman, 5. 25, 26. Lonchoptera furcata (Fallén), 8, 17. Lonchopteridae, 7. Longitarsus dorsalis (Fabricius), 3, 25. Longitarsus ganglbaueri Heikertinger, 3, 25. Longitarsus probably ganglbaueri Heikertinger, 3, 25, 26. Longitarsus jacobaea Waterhouse, 3, 25. Longitarsus probably jacobaea Waterhouse, 3, 25, 26. Longitarsus sp., 3, 26. Longitarsus near tabidus (Fabricius), 3, 25. Lygaeidae, 9. Lygaeus equestris (L.), 9, 23. Lygus pratensis {L.}, 10, 23. Lygus rugulipennis Poppius, 10, 23. Lyonetiidae, 13. M Malachius aeneus L. 6, 27. Malachius sp., 6, 27. Mecinus janthinus (Germar), 5, 22. Mecinus sp., 5, 22, 23. Melanagromyza aeneoventris (Fallén), 7, 26. Melanagromyza dettmeri Hering, 7, 25. Melanagromyza eupatorii Spencer, 7, 26. Melanagromyza near tripolii Spencer, 7, 25. Meligethes incanus Sturm, 6, 17, 25. Meligethes sp., 6, 19. Melitaea cinxia (L.), 13, 20. Melitaea didyma (Esper), 13, 22, 23. Meloidae, 6. Melyridae, 6. Mesocerus marginatus (L.)?, 9, 24, 25. Microlarinus lareynii (Jacq. du Val), 5, 28. Microlarinus lypriformis (Wollaston), 5, 28. Microphorus sp., 7, 27. Microplitis possibly scrophulariae Szelenyi, 11, 23. Microplitis possibly variipes Ruthe, 11, 23. Milichiidae, 8. Minettia plumicornis (Fallen), 8, 27. Miridae, 9, 10. Mordellidae, 6. Mordellistena sp., 6, 17. Muscidae, 8. Myelois cribrella (Hiibner), 13, 15. Myelois sp., 13, 24. Mylabris apicipennis Reiche, 6, 23. Mylabris sp., 6, 23. Mymaridae, 12. N Nabidae, 10. Nabis viridulus Spinola, 10, 27. Nemotelus sp., 8, 23. Nezara viridula (L.), 10, 21. Nitidulidae, 6. Noctuidae, 13. Nymphalidae, 13. O Oecophoridae, 13. Oedemera podagrariae (L.), 6, 24. Oedemeridae, 6. Oliarus barajus Diabola, 11, 18. Olibrus corticalis (Panzer), 7, 26. Omophulus sp., 2, 24. Onopordum acanthium L., 24. Onopordum sp., 24. Onopordum tauricum Willdenow, 24. Ophiomyia senecionina Hering, 7, 26. Opius sp., 11, 26. Orellia colon (Meigen), 8, 15. Orellia near colon (Meigen), 8, 18. Orellia falcata (Scopoli), 8, 16. Orellia lappae (Cederhjelm), 9, 24. Orellia punctata (Schrank), 9, 17. Orellia near punctata (Schrank), 9, 17. Orellia sp., 9, 18. Orgilus sp., 11, 26. Ormyridae, 12. Ormyrus gratiosus (Foerster), 12, 16. Ormyrus punctiger Westwood, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 24. Orthellia caesarion (Meigen), 8, 27. Orthoperidae, 6. Oscinella frit (L.), 7, 16. Oscinella sp., 7, 21. Otiorhynchus ovatus (L.), 5, 17. Otiorhynchus rugostriatus (Goeze), 5, 26. Otiorhynchus sp., 5, 19. Otitidae, 8. Oulema melanopus (L.), 3, 26. Oxyna nebulosa (Wiedemann), 9, 26. P Pachybrachys sp., 3, 27. Palomena prasina (L.), 10, 24. Palpita unionalis (Hiibner), 13, 22. Pantomorus cervinus (Boheman), 5, 26. Paragus sp., 8, 24. Parmena sp., 3, 16. Paroxyna probably tessellata (Loew), 9, 26. Pentatomidae, 10. Peridroma saucia (Hubner), 13, 27. Phalacrididae, 6. Philaenus spumarius (L.), 10, 19, 24, 26. Phloeotribus rhododactylus (Marsham), 7, 20. Phora sp., 8, 19. Phoridae, 8. Phrydiuchus spilmani Warner, 5, 25. Phrydiuchus tau Warner, 5, 25. Probably Phycitodes albatella (Ragonot), 13, 26. Phycitodes carlinella (Heinemann), 13, 26. Phyllobius sp., 5, 20. Phyllotreta sp., 3, 15. Phymata crassipes (Fabricius)?, 10, 25. 31 32 MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION NO. 1382, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Phymatidae, 10. Phytodecta oblivacea Forster, 3, 20. Phytoecia pustulata (Schrank), 3, 25. Phytoecia sp., 3, 21, 22. Phytometra sp., 13, 24, 25. Phytomyza probably horticola Goureau, 7, 16, 24. Platypalpus sp., 7, 21, 27. Plutella xylosteila (L.), 13, 24. Plutelltidae, 13. Podabrus sp., 2, 21. Podonta aubei Mulsant, 2, 24. Podopidae, 10. Polymerus sp., 10, 24. Polyodaspis ruficornis (Macquart), 7, 16. Porphyrinia parva (Hibner), 13, 15, 16. Porphyrinia purpurina (Denis & Schiffermiiller), 13, 19. Prodotis stolida (Fabricius), 13, 15, 20. Psilothrix sp., 6, 18. Psilus sp., 11, 26. Pteromalidae, 12. Ptinidae, 7. Ptinus villiger (Reitter), 7, 16. Pyralidae, 13. Pyroderces argyrogrammos (Zeller), 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 27. Q Quercus pubescens Willdenow:, 25. R Reduviidae, 10. Rhinocoris iracundus Poda, 10, 24. Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich), 5, 16, 18, 27. Rhopalidae, 10. Rhopalus sp., 10, 24. Rhyzobius litura (Fabricius), 4, 17. S Salsola kali L., 25. Salsola sp., 25. Salvia aethiopis L., 25. Salvia argentea, L., 25. Salvia limbata C.A. von Meyer, 25. Salvia palaestina Bentham, 25. Salvia sp.:, 25. Salvia verbenaca L., 25. Salvia virgata Jacquin, 25. Sarcophaga balanina Pandelle, 8, 28. Sarcophaga sp., 8, 16. Sarcophagidae, 8. Scarabaeidae, 7. Scelionidae, 12. Scolytidae, 7. Scrophularia canina L., 25. Scymnus sp., 4, 15, 24. Scymnus (s. str.) sp., 4, 24. Senecio aquaticus Hill, 25, 26. Senecio ercifolius L., 26. Senecio jacobaea L., 26, 27. Senecio nemorensis L., 27. Senecio squalidus L., 27. Sermylassa halensis (L.), 3, 27. Sesiidae, 14. Sibinia attalica (Gyllenhal), 5, 15, 16. Silybum marianum (L.), Gaertner, 27. Sitona gressorius (Fabricius), 5, 20. Sitona lineatus (L.), 5, 27. Sitona puncticollis Stephens, 5, 26. Sitona sp., 6, 16, 19, 20, 21, 24. Sitophilus sp., 6, 20. Spermophagus sericeus (Geoffroy), 2, 18, 25. Sphaeroceridae, 8. Sphaeroderma rubidum (Graells), 3, 19, 20. Sphaeroderma testaceum L., 3, 19. Sphaerophoria rueppelli Wiedemann, 8, 27. Sphenella marginata (Fallén), 9, 27. Sphingidae, 4. Sphragisticus nebulosus (Fallén), 9, 25. Spilostethus saxatilis (Scopoli), 9, 24. Spintherus sp., 12, 24. Stagmatophora serratella (Treitschke), 13, 21, 22, 24. Stictopleurus punctatonervosus (Coeze), 10, 19. Stratiomyidae, 8. Strobilotoma typhaecornis (Fabricius), 9, 25. Strophomorphus porcellus (Schonherr), 6, 21. Subcoccinella virgintiquattuorpunctata (L.), 4, 20, 24. Syrphidae, 8. T Tachinidae, 8. Tamarix sp., 27. Tapinoma sp., 12, 24. Telenomus sp., 12, 24. Tephritidae, 8. Tephritis postica (Loew), 9, 24. Terellia fuscicornis (Loew), 9, 20. Terellia longicauda (Meigen), 9, 20. Terellia serratulae (L.), 9, 18. Terellia virens (Loew), 9, 17. Terellia near virens (Loew), 9, 24. Tettigometra griseola Fieber, 11, 18. Tettigometra sp., 11, 18. Tettigometridae, 11. Tettigonia caudata (Charpentier), 14, 24. Tettigoniidae, 14. Thaumatomxia sulcifrons (Becker),7, 18. Timia xanthaspis (Loew), 8, 18. Tingidae, 10. Tortricidae, 14. Tribulus terrestris L., 28. Trixoscelidae, 9. Trixoscelis frontalis (Fallen), 9, 27. Trixoscelis obscurella (Fallén), 9, 27. Trupanea stellata (Fuessly), 9, 27. Tychius quinquepunctatus (L.), 6, 19. Tyria jacobaeae (L.), 12, 27. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WILD PLANTS IN EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST U Urophora affinis (Frauenfeld), 9, 17. Urophora cuspidata (Meigen), 9, 18. Urophora jaceana (Hering), 9, 18. Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen), 9, 16, 17. Urophora probably quadrifasciata (Meigen), 9, 15, 16, 17, 18. Urophora stylata (Fabricius), 9, 19, 20. Vv Valgus hemipterus L., 7, 27. Voria ruralis (Fallén), 8, 20. Z Zygaenidae, 14. * U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1980 = 330-955/6727 33 = U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SCIENCE AND EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20280 OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300 POSTAGE AND FEES PAID U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AGR 101