(cory) Yo Tau or INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SHARK FINS by Trudie Dockerty Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Richard Luxmoore } — WILDLIFE TRADE MONITORING UNIT WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE 219c Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 ODL INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SHARK FINS by Trudie Dockerty Prepared under the supervision of Dr. Richard Luxmoore WILDLIFE TRADE MONITORING UNIT WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE 219c Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 ODL CONTENTS Pa 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Aim 3.0 Method 4.0 Results 4.1 Quantity of Fins Traded 4.2 Values Involved 4.3 Identification of Major Suppliers and Consumers 4.4 Quality of the Trade Statistics 5.0 Discussion 6.0 Conclusions 7.0 Recommendations REFERENCES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix Appendix I: rps ETL: IW ie V: Summary of Shark Data Book by year Summary of Shark Data Book by country Summary of Import Statistics Summary of Export Statistics Exchange Rates used in the conversion of currency values to sterling ge 22 22 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge http://www.archive.org/details/internationaltra92dock INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN SHARK FINS 1.0 INTRODUCTION Over the last few years there has been growing disquiet about the increasing numbers of sharks being fished and traded on domestic and world markets. A major buyer quoted in the New York Times (1989) said ''The shark is the most utilised species of fish there is. You can sell its smile, its skin, its meat, its liver, its fins. It'sa wonderful and awesome species". The following account relates concerns arising from a reported upsurge in demand for shark products, but probably presents an over—simplification of the overall world situation, as it is based mainly on reports from the USA. A general difficulty was encountered in locating references which portray experiences in other parts of the world. There seemed to be conflicting observations in some of the literature reviewed, caused perhaps by regional differences in the abundance of sharks and in the markets for shark products. Due to these factors, it is difficult to gauge the present consensus of opinion on the shark's current global status. Compagno (1990) has identified recently established shark fisheries of at least three types:— 1) Local, mostly by-catch fisheries of numerous developing countries (e.g., Mexico, India, Pakistan, and Indonesia) ; 2) Wide ranging offshore by-catch and directed fisheries of several developed countries that have invested in long-range international fishing fleets (e.g., U.S.S.R., Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan) ; 3) Local directed fisheries of developed countries in which the consumption of sharks has suddenly become fashionable (e.g. the United States). The United States fishery emerged over the 1980's and has been studied by Manire and Gruber (1990). They report that an increase in demand for shark meat, coupled with the foreign demand for fins, has lead to the rebirth of an intensive shark industry, which had been dormant since the late 1930's when the demand for vitamin '‘A' rich shark liver oil declined. An analysis of the total catch in the 1980's revealed that 57% was derived from commercial fisheries and 43% from sport fishing. Of the total catch only 34% was landed; 5% from commercial enterprises and 29% by sports fishermen. An astounding 66% was discarded dead, mostly as by-catch of fisheries targeted at swordfish, tuna, shrimp or squid. The by-catch element is also a feature of other fleets. ‘Greenpeace Australia calculates that in 1988 alone Taiwanese and Korean fleets killed over 2.25 million blue sharks Prionace glauca in the north Pacific as they fished for squid.' (Dayton, 1991). The impact of sport fishermen is also significant. As far back as 1970 a survey by the US Fish and Wildlife Service estimated that sport fishermen in that country were catching 1,715,000 sharks a year (Burgess, 1970). Peter Peck of the European Federation of Sea to Anglers (pers. com.) suggests that the economic value of the shark sport fishery can be greater than that of the commercial fishery in some areas. Compagno (1990) describes as ‘particularly worrying’ the international shark fin trade, ‘which targets a low-volume, high-value gourmet product worldwide and fits nicely as a low-risk by-catch for numerous inshore and high seas fisheries'. He suggests that as the value of fins to the oriental market continues to rise, some shark species may be pressured by trade in the same way as the elephant is for its ivory. He adds, ‘The oriental shark fin fishery seems all—pervasive and may be affecting populations of large oceanic sharks worldwide. Longliners, purse seiners. and pelagic gill-metters can harvest shark fins as a highly lucrative by—catch with relatively little directed effort and storage problems. By being discarded after removal of their fins, shark carcasses do not compete for freezer space with the more valuable oceanic scombroides that are targeted by such fisheries’. Manire and Gruber (1990) claim that the practice of 'finning', that is, cutting the valuable fins from sharks and returning the remainder of the shark to the ocean, has stimulated the shark fishery. Dayton (1991) reports that fins have fetched $117 kg on international markets. The wasteful, but legal practise of finning has caused public outcry. The New York Times reported ‘more than 35 million pounds (approximately 16 million Kg) of shark, or three times the yearly domestic catch, are discarded from finning in the United States waters each year’ (Anon, 1990). Some reports refer to animals being dumped back in the ocean alive, without fins. Dayton (1991) says that many species of shark are exploited in this way. However, in an earlier interview in the New York Times (Anon, 1989) a shark fin dealer said that fishermen were not “going to throw away 50 cents on every dollar" by discarding sharks after removing the fins, (indicating that about half of a shark's market value in the United States is in the fins — also confirmed by Ingwerson, 1989). It appears that the relative value of the fins compared to the carcass may vary in different markets, and that the extent of the finning practice may depend on the demand for other shark products in a given locality. Also, although several writers refer to widespread finning very often the sources of such information are not given. A case was documented in ‘The International Angler' in 1989. A Japanese fishing vessel the ‘Copemapro' was stopped by a Mexican naval vessel in the 50 mile sportfishing zone off Cabo San Lucas. In addition to the catch of marlin, the ship's holds were found to contain two tons of shark fins minus the sharks. The main market for the fins is Asia, where they are dried, salted and soaked several times before the meat is extracted from them and cut into long thin strips (Anon. 1990). The meat is then used to prepare shark fin soup which has been a highly prized oriental delicacy since the second century BC (Cook, 1990). Traditional consumers of fins are Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Macao and China. Since 1949 the communist authority in China had ‘unofficially frowned upon the eating of dishes which historically had been associated with privileged classes’, according to Cook (1990), but since the government liberalised economic conditions in 1987 the demand for fins has resurged. Cook continues,.. ‘essentially, a potential consumer block larger by several times than the entire consumer base outside of China was created in a very short period of time’. The Chinese fin merchants have been seeking new sources to replace diminishing supplies from the traditional fisheries of Oman, Pakistan, India, Nicaragua, Cost Rica, Nigeria, Mexico and the Caribbean (Cook, 1990). Dayton (1991) reports that demand in recent years has also increased in other parts of the world, creating concern that this may cause a long-term threat to shark numbers: ‘As large-scale finning is a relatively new and largely unregulated activity, researchers can only guess at the price it exacts on shark populations. Circumstantial evidence suggests it is high. for example, in the Coco Islands of Florida fishermen began finning hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae) seven years ago. The population dropped so steeply that a sanctuary was created.' There are around 360 species of shark. According to Dayton (1991) ‘Shark life histories are a particular mystery. There are vast gaps in our understanding of the development and reproductive cycles of most species.' However, in general sharks are known to be very slow growing, taking many years to reach maturity, and they produce very few young after long reproductive cycles (Manire & Gruber, 1990). These biological characteristics limit their ability to compensate for increased exploitation (Compagno, 1990). In the UK the NCC (1991) state '85-90% of the UK blue shark catch are female and caught just as they are about to breed for the first time.' Manire and Gruber (1990) also point out 'most sharks occupy the position of top or apex predator in the marine food web. Leas generally accepted that apex predators benefit the prey organisms below them in a food web. Because most sharks feed on a variety of prey, they exert important controls on these food webs. In addition, sharks are distributed worldwide, from Arctic waters to the tropics, from freshwater lakes to the sea, from depths of a few inches to several thousand feet. Thus, the impact of their decline is likely to be great (ecologically) .' The history of shark fisheries follows the ‘boom and bust' pattern. The NCC (1991) report ‘virtually all major targeted shark fisheries studied have crashed after 3-5 years'. Morrissey & Gruber (1989) report ‘the only sustainable shark fisheries are those few still dependent on traditional small-yield methods. Before mechanisation made large hauls — hence overfishing — possible, Britain's dog fish fishery had survived for 500 years’. In the United States the maximum sustainable yield is presently regularly being exceeded and Manire and Gruber (1990) predict that ‘a collapse of the shark fishery (or individual species) is likely with continued heavy fishing’. Populations of the soupfin shark Galeorhinus galeus off the California coast were one of the earliest casualties, having been originally overfished in the 1930's. According to Ingwerson (1989) the soupfin shark was recovering when the market for sharks began developing in the 1970's and it was promptly fished out again. The soupfin and gummy shark Mustelus antarcitcus have also declined in Australian waters, with landings falling from 5000 tonnes in the 1970's to 1000 tonnes in the 1980's (Dayton. 1991). Compagno (1990) estimates that 8% of the sharks are major fisheries species, 20% moderate, 18% minor, and 54% minimal. In general, small species have less commercial interest than the large sharks, and are therefore more likely to be discarded as by—-catch (Steve Lockwood, MAFF, pers. com.). Sharks most preferred for fins are, in order of preference: the sandbar, bull, hammerhead, blacktip, porbeagle, mako, thresher and blue shark (National Marine Fisheries Service, 1989). The high element of wastage of shark resources is partly due to the fact that the large species prized for their fins command relatively low prices for their meat, while those with valuable meat have low-value fins. Shark meat spoils quickly and so fishermen are more inclined to discard it than invest in costly refrigeration unless there is a specific market for it (Elmer—Dewitt, 1991). The annual worldwide catch of sharks rivals that of tuna and exceeds 600,000 tonnes (Morrissey & Gruber, 1989), and according to Compagno (1990) the catch curve is ‘still rising with a possible slight flattening trend'. Manire and Gruber (1990) are concerned that ‘if uncontrolled exploitation continues, many species will have become endangered in a matter of only 20 or 30 years'. The Marine Conservation Handbook (1991) states ‘the expanding shark fin market in the east has accelerated the demand for shark landings and this is likely to be the most serious threat to populations'. A measure of ‘threat’ must be taken into account when considering the conservation requirements of a species, and researchers are calling for controlled fisheries, protected nursery areas for young sharks, shark reserves and an international ban on finning (Dayton, 1991). Manire and Gruber (1990) also see the need to increase public education and awareness regarding the importance of shark resources. Sport fishing organisations may be able to play an important role here. Many fishing organisations have an increasing conservation interest. The policy of the Shark Angling Club of Great Britain is to promote the release of sharks caught by anglers. especially those under 75lb (Anon, 1986), and some groups are operating tag and release schemes which will it is hoped, contribute to a greater understanding of shark behaviour. In the United States a Shark Fishery Management Plan has been drawn up by the National Marine Fisheries Service (1989) and this suggests several measures to regulate the fishery, including the authorisation of shark dealers and the issuing of permits to commercial fishermen, along with controls over the sports fishery. With particular regard to the finmning issue there is to bea ‘requirement that fins harvested be landed in proportion to carcasses, 1.e., no more than four fins, of proportionate size, toa carcass' (Manire & Gruber, 1990). In Australia a tightening of regulations has resulted in the Taiwanese fishing fleet opting to leave the fishery (Cook, 1990). However, the shark fin market has expanded rapidly and more research is needed to determine the level of exploitation of various species, and to assess what conservation measures are appropriate. 2.0 AIM Due to the increasing interest and concern with regard to the long term sustainability of shark populations, the Species Survival Commission of IUCN has recently set up a Shark Group to produce a Conservation Action Plan for sharks. WWF Hong Kong has also shown interest in compiling information on the shark fin trade. This study was undertaken to quantify the volume and value of shark fins in international trade, and identify the main producer and consumer nations. It is of importance to monitor international trade in species not listed in CITES, to check on trade which may reach potentially threatening levels, and hence require the instigation of trade controls. 3.0 METHOD The data contained in this report was extracted from the annual volumes of foreign trade statistics held in the Department of Trade and Industry's Export Market Information Library in London. In addition Hong Kong records for 1984 were kindly made available by WWF Hong Kong. Due to limited space, the Export Market Information Library now only holds the current 5 years records for each country, although a few more years records were available in some cases. Where data relating to fins was located, the reported source of imports and exports was examined, to identify further countries involved in the trade, whose statistics could also be included in this analysis. Statistics specifically relating to trade in fins were found for 9 countries under the commodity codes given in Table 3.01. As shark fins are marketed in various forms, fresh, frozen, dried or otherwise processed it proved difficult to ensure all commodity codes were accounted for, and that additional quantities of fins are not traded under more obscure descriptions. None of the major trading partners of the countries identified were found to produce statistics which specifically referred to shark fins. A list of the records investigated is given in Table 3.02. In ‘addition, the records of USA and China were reviewed. These two nations include shark fins in a category along with other fish products, and due to this factor their records were not considered suitable for inclusion in this analysis. The remainder of this report focuses on the 9 countries for which statistics were readily available, but it may be possible ina future study to locate statistics for other countries and also to quantify more localised trade, for example, the British commercial longline catch of porbeagle and blue shark, most of which goes to the Continent according to Mitchell (1991). The accumulated data was entered into a manual ‘ledger' (termed ‘the shark data book') as it was felt that this system would provide the most flexibility when analysing the data. The totals quoted in each country's records were treated as correct and any differences were adjusted as rounding errors. Where it was not possible to TABLE 3.01 SUMMARY OF COMMODITY CODES RELATING TO SHARK FIN PRODUCTS 1984-1990 The data contained in this report has been compiled from import and export records of shark fins identified under the commodity codes detailed below, extracted from the annual volumes of foreign trade statistics held in the Department of Trade and Industry's Export Market information Library. earls) ‘Records pf (Country) import/Exp : ie SHS Description ee 1984/90 Hong Kong “ ' Sharks fins salted or dried — 1984/90 Hong Kong Sharks fins simply boiled in water 1985/86 Indonesia 302320 Shark fins dried salted or in brine 1987/88 Indonesia 302320 Shark fins dried salted or in brine 1989/90 Indonesia 3513300 Sharks fins dried 1989/90 Indonesia 3529230 Shark fins salted 1986/87 Japan 03,02—325 Sark fins, salted, in brine or dried 1988/90 Japan 0305.59-920 Fins of Dogfish and other sharks, dried but not smoked 1984/87 Malaysia 03,02.320 Sharks’ fins, dried, salted or in brine 1986 Malaysia (Sabah only) 03.02.320 Sharks’ fins, dried, salted or in brine 1985/87 Malaysia 16.04.210 Sharks’ fins, prepared, not in airtight containers 1988/89 Malaysia 0305.59.300 Sharks’ fins, dried, whether or not salted but not smoked 1988/89 Malaysia 0305.69.200 Sharks’ fins, salted but not dried or smoked and in brine 1988/89 Malaysia 037-160-910 1604.20.910 Sharks’ fins 1986/87 Singapore 0350310 Sharks’ fins dried or salted 1986/88 Singapore 0371210 Sharks’ fins prepared not canned 1989/90 Singapore 0351100 30559105 Sharks’ fins dried or salted 1989/90 Singapore 0371610 160420108 Sharks’ fins prepared 1985/89 Sri Lanka Fish, dried, salted or in brine: Fish, dried — Shark fins 1985/88 Sri Lanka i Fish, dried, salted or in brine: Fish, dried — Shark fins for re— export 1985/87 South Korea 035032 i Shark fin 1988/90 South Korea 035131 0305,.59.1000 Shark fin 1984/88 Taiwan Shark’s fin 1984/88 Taiwan Shark's fins 1985/88 Taiwan Sharks' fins, edible 1989/90 Taiwan 160420201 1-7 Fins (inc Shark, Skate and Ray Fins) prepared or preserved, frozen 1989/90 Taiwan 1604202012-6 Fins (inc Shark, Skate and Ray Fins) prepared or preserved, canned 1989/90 Taiwan 1604202019-9 Fins (inc Shark, Skate and Ray Fins) prepared or preserved 1989 Taiwan 0305242000—8 Sharks’ fins, dried 1989/90 Taiwan 0304903000—8 Sharks fin, edible, fresh, chilled or FR 1989 Taiwan 0305692000—6 Shark’s fins, salted or in brine 1990 Taiwan 0305592000-—8 Shark’s fins, dried 1984/87 Thailand Shark’s fins washed dried smoked 1984/87 Thailand Shark’s fins unwashed dried smoked 1987 Thailand Shark's fins not in airtight containers Thailand 0305.591—004 Shark fins, dried, whether or not salted mmmmm mMmmmMmMmMmMMmmMmmmMMMMMMMM Mmmm: SITC — Standard International Trade Classification CCC — Customs Co-operation Council HS — Harmonised system TABLE 3.02 Statistics viewed but no detail given of shark fins in trade Source: Export Market Information Library : COMMENT ae Sees No detailed trade statistics located No detailed trade statistics located Only source of imported fish given was Nepal; exports of shark fillet recorded to China, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Japan, but no detail of fins. No detailed trade statistics located No statistics found No statistics found identify the source or recipient nation from the records, such entries were entered as ‘unspecified'. The data was subsequent ly processed via LOTUS 123 and SUPERCALC spreadsheets. A summary of the shark data book is given in Appendix I (by year) and Appendix ITI (by country) . A more comprehensive collation of data was originally intended, to ascertain the global pattern of trade, but due to limitations in the statistics available, and time, this has not currently been possible. The present data can however be easily added to should a further study be carried out. 4.0 RESULTS A preliminary analysis of the existing data was undertaken, with the following results:-— (Full summaries of the data can be found in Appendix III (imports) and Appendix IV (exports) .) 4.1 Quantity of Fins Traded The total quantities of shark fins traded in each year as reported by the 9 countries examined are given in Table 4.11. Theoretically, if figures for all countries trading in shark fins were present and correct, global imports would equate to global exports. As can be seen from the Table, total exports vary greatly from total imports, and this indicates that a sizeable proportion of world trade in shark fins arises from sources which were not included in this study. To quantify the gqlobal utilisation of shark fins, as opposed to external trade exclusively, the equation would be somewhat different: DOMESTIC PRODUCTION (total landings) DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION + IMPORTS = + EXPORTS An analysis of fishery statistics would be needed in order to ascertain such figures. However, as with import/export statistics it is doubtful that all the nations concerned would have statistics relating to fins available, although this would provide an interesting area for further study. It should be noted that the data set given in Table 4.11 is complete only for the years 1986-1989. Hong Kong, followed by Singapore make by far the largest contributions to the totals, both in terms of imports and exports. Of general interest is the increasing trade reported by Taiwan, particularly with regard to exports. which exceed reported imports. This suggests increased activity over the period by the Taiwanese fishing fleet which as previously mentioned, have taken sharks as a by-catch of the squid fishery in the north Pacific (Dayton, 1991). An overall increase in the trade reported by the 9 countries, which appeared to peak in 1988 with imports at just under 6,000 tonnes. and in 1989 with exports at just under 4,500 tonnes, is illustrated TABLE 4.11 Total quantity of shark fins traded, identified from the foreign trade statistics of the countries examined. nb: n/a = figures not available at Export Market Information Library g Kong Indonesia n/a 3 4000 682 Japan n/a 5 (0) (0) (0) Malaysia 274810 73460 64660 73010 91140 n/a Republic of Korea n/a 0 1250 6067 7934 11400 Singapore n/a 869118 1198381 1925016 1234360 1023884 Sri Lanka n/a 0 0 (0) 0 Taiwan 2100 2800 20366 103498 125662 i 84752 94978 104573 131462 83584 8140640 2908230 3919440 4941914 5976979 9 98 398236 427274 596658 846285 1207071 1434110 1609523 Indonesia n/ja 826918 429248 546763 458442 516511 421556 Japan n/a n/a 710667 632189 527470 503042 Malaysia 2130 2090 280 13060 8300 11320 Republic of Korea n/a 39998 79236 60100 51028 35932 Singapore n/a n/a 750459 1122279 920358 1573549 Sri Lanka n/a 26353 35512 52978 49159 53932 Taiwan 16867 676 9368 150608 149857 287450 Thailand 20683 22382 37024 42069 52890 35171 437916 845691 2648452 3466331 3424575 4451017 3784434 NB: The data set is only complete for the years 1986—89. Source: Department of Trade & Industry — Export Market Information Library in Figures 4.12 and 4.13 along with other information from Table 4.11. Although it is difficult to make any deductions from only a few years records, it may be important to monitor levels of trade in the next few years to see if a downturn in quantity has occurred, and if so, to ascertain the reasons for it. (NB: Although figures for Malaysia, 1990 were not available, it is considered that this makes no great difference to the overall level of trade represented in Figures 4.12 and 4.13, based on the average trade for that country over the previous few years). A further analysis was undertaken to determine the nature of the commodities in trade. A cursory inspection revealed that the Majority of fins traded were 'dried', and so the data was divided into two categories 'dried' and 'other' from the descriptions given under the commodity codes shown in Table 3.01. The results are represented in Figures 4.14 (imports) and 4.15 (exports) as a percentage of the total quantities traded. Although only a small percentage, the graphs demonstrate that ‘other' product types have been increasing in recent years: these may be fresh, frozen, canned etc.,. The change in product range may be a response to the preferences of consumers in new markets, or may indicate a change in the type of fins available, the fins of some species being preferred to others, as mentioned previously. Although this is purely speculation it may warrant further investigation. Whilst the missing years’ data, particularly for Singapore and Malaysia may distort the percentages, the years 1986-89 for which the data set is complete reflect the overall pattern of increase in ‘other' products which both graphs show. There may however, be another factor influencing the apparent change in product range, as many countries switched commodity code classification systems during 1988-89 (see Table 3.01). In the case of Taiwan in particular, this appears to have had an effect on the split of both imports and exports recorded as ‘dried' and ‘other' (see Appendix III,a & IV.a). 4.2 Values Involved The foreign trade statistics also detail the value at customs of imports and exports. Imports are given ‘Carriage including Freight’ (CIF), exports are given 'Free on Board' (FOB). All values given in this report are at these rates. Market values were not determined. The values are given in local currency and have been converted to sterling where applicable at the exchange rates given in Appendix V. The total value of fins traded by the 9 countries peaked in 1989 at a value of nearly £74 million for imports (Appendix III,d) and over £45 million for exports (Appendix IU,d). As many of the sources cited earlier in this report stated that prices of fins have escalated in recent years, the price per KG was calculated for each country in each year to reveal whether this trend was demonstrated by these records. The price per KG was calculated for each of the commodity categories ‘dried’ and ‘other’. to identify any differences between them. In the case of Hong Kong where the '‘other' category represents fins boiled in water, the value per KG is lower than that of dried fins (except 1984 and 1985 which appear to be rather an anomaly — see Appendix III,c). IMPORTS (Tonnes) Figure 4.1< Shark fins imported selected information from Table 4.11 6000 = —+— TOTAL va —H- Hong Kong —<— Singapore pore —3— Thailand 4000 2000 rye) 000 1000 1984 1985 1986 1987 198B 1989 1990 Figure 4.13 shark fins exported selected information from Table 4.11 —+— TOTAL —8- Hong Kong 5000 —— Singapore 4000 —>— Japan —+— Indomesia —s— Taiwan 3000 2000 EXPORTS (Tonnes) 1000 7 Mitt Pei we oa) a Se 198 1985 1988 1987 igaa 1989 1990 Ye ar 10 bog Other 66-89 only Dried a MM M]’W 'BC@W GS SS XS Other 1990 7 oe 1989 1988 1889 1990 1988 sis of products traded NB pers eee data set 1986-89 only ~ .l4 Analy ‘gure 4 by % of total res 100 By1oduly PByoy jo x 1987 Year 1985 1286 1964 an of GS traded a & e pale 4,1 NB complete “d (Ls = 7 vw al 1) 5 A u a qv ~~ 1) ~ 10 80 60 40 20 . BYIodxXY [eyo] jo x o 1986 1987 Year 1985 1964 val Figure 4.21 Price of shark fin imports Price per Kg. CIF, in local currency ; —t— Hong Kong HK$ {dried) —- Taiwan NT$ (other) —<— Thailand BAHT (dried) 600 500 ca he So So o So Currency per KG nu io) i=) 100 1964 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 ©1990 Year Figure 4.22 Price of Shark fin exports Price per Kg. FOB, in local currency —+— Hong Kong HK§ (dried) —- Taiwan NT$ (other) —<— Thailand BAHT (dried) 1500 = So So o 500 Currency per KG 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Year 12 However, for Singapore and Malaysia the 'other' products command a greater price per KG which may reveal a higher degree of processing than the ‘dried' fins. Figures 4.21 and 4.22 show changes in price per KG over the time period for a particular product category of each of the nations represented. The 'total' values were not used in this instance, as this may be misleading as it is an average of both categories, and each nation has a different proportion of ‘dried’ to ‘'‘other' products. The values are given in local currency as conversion to sterling via fluctuating exchange rates may distort the price pattern. As these currencies are different for each nation the relative positioning of the line on the graphs is purely arbitrary. The countries selected for inclusion on the graphs are those for which records are complete over the longest time period. Other values can be found in Appendix III,c and IV,c. It should be noted that there are apparent inconsistencies in some of the values calculated. (See section 4.4). Import price per KG rose for most of the countries, peaking around 1988. Hong Kong prices for dried fins virtually doubled over a three year period to 1988, but experienced a slight decline in 1990. Thailand had an even more rapid doubling in the import price of dried fins which peaked earlier in 1986, but which by 1990 had fallen below the 1984 value. Other countries such as Taiwan, and Singapore and Malaysia (not shown) record more steady import prices throughout . Export price per KG has not followed such an easily defined pattern. Indonesia, Japan and Sri Lanka recorded continual improvements in price per KG (not shown), whilst Hong Kong experienced severe decline in price in 1986, which may suggest that the country's stocks of shark fin products for export were high. Thailand's export prices rose steeply in 1988 and 1989 compared to the other countries. Perhaps it was able to provide fins from a 'preferred' species of shark. Over the study period Taiwan exported increasing quantities of fins despite the downward trend in price per KG it has experienced since 1985. This demonstrates a typical demand curve relationship, where price falls as the quantity available increases. Figure 4.23 shows the demand curve over the 7 year period based on all the available records and using the average price per KG of all 9 countries. Up until 1987 the price/quantity relationship holds true, but for some reason in 1988 and 1989 even though the quantities exported are still increasing the price shoots up, perhaps reflecting new popularity for the product, or the opening of new markets. 4.3 Identification of Major Suppliers and Consumers A further analysis was undertaken to identify the origin of imports and destination of exports of the 9 countries. The import/export statistics provide these details along with the quantities and value from each source. A great many of the countries identified in this way were found to be either exclusively suppliers or consumers of fins. Other 13 Figure 4.23 Shark fin demand curve Based on the export records of the 9 countries examined 14 1989 = nN _ to o \ 1955 | 1984 1988 10 4 oe bana eeu i w it et = 1986 Ps eee B7 » 8 Py i on | ® 64 3 o . ca a : a : 0 I re eae i 0) 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 Quantity 000° s KG TABLE 4.31 Net producers and consumers of shark fins between 1986-1990, inferred from F country of origin data given in the statistics of the 9 countries examined NB: Countries in CAPITALS are mentioned in text as traditional importers or exporters of shark fins according to Cook (1990). Entries marked 8 represent countries for which Bias imports OR exports ONLY were recorded. : = er Quantity (KG) Net Produce Quantity (KG) eoeeeseeseeesessen = a aecesen 2217804 OMAN 100760 NIGERIA 15609 HONG KONG 6653133 (8) 1127665 Norway 99396 Liberia * 14638 CHINA 2049968 Indonesia 1123136 Germany (F.R.) 67412 Saudi Arabia 14591 Burma G 319960 INDIA & 1093671 Ghana & 83017 Curacao 9561 Thailand 213761 PAKISTAN 916343 Australia 7710S Aruba 2 6566 TAIWAN 150871 USA 8295461 Fiji 76864 Togo x. 8182 Brunei 53088 Spain 6114469 Philippines 74747 Congo z 7909 Canada 26168 Mexico 766701 Maldives 69977 Djibouti P * 7000 Guam 3 7184 United Arab En. 728333 Mauritius 66384 _FR/NL W. Indies 5947 Italy 652 South Africa 610684 Colombia s 65066 Tanzania s S345 Sweden 5 753 - Singapore 590167 New Zealand 60988 Madagascar 2 5000 Korea (Rep) x 566 Gambia (8) 586443 El Salvador & 57006 America Somoa 2 4000 France S35 Unspecified 535378 Somalia 2 50798 New Caledonia 2 4000 Switzerland 466 Yemen (Arab Rep) % 335200 Suriname z 48183 Dominican Republics 2800 Austria 8 313 Peru s 310878 Eygpt s 44615 Portugal 2331 Kuwait 8 52 South Korea 295647 Panama 43991 USSR om 2000 Greece zs 645 Sri Lanka (8) 272943 Trinidad & Tobago 40841 Mauritania 8 1803 Lebanon s 638 Uraguay z 2694897 COSTA RICA z 36785 Kiribati sz. 1199 Cyprus 3S Ecuador z 172146 Cuba & 36219 Sudan s 905 Iraq s 35 Bangladesh 171322 Guatamala 2 36185 Sierra Leone % 649 Denmark s 25 Yemen (People Rep) ; 163500 Malagasy 32484 Guyana * S65 Irish Republic s 24 Venezuela 148371 United Kingdom 29721 Haiti % 336 Paraguay s 16 Senegal ; 144403 Ivory Coast 2 223884 Belgium 304 Papua New Guinea 16 Kenya 3 138951 Guinea * s 21793 Malaya s 200 Zaire 3 s 15 Vietnam 131524 Netherlands 20510 Iceland . 133 rn nnn nna ne West. Samoa a 127628 Mozambique % 20064 Quater 8 132 ; Malaysia 122158 Solomon Islands (a) 17418 Cameroon 1146 Seychelles 3 107998 Chile 2 17143 Swaziland z 95 Argentina 8 106774 Turkey (a) 16508 - wa -- -- --- -------- +=. os Macao 100784 Grenada 8 16286 14 . countries were both, but generally more of one than the other, and so could be classified as either a net supplier or a net consumer. It was therefore possible to rearrange the data given in Table 4.11 in terms of net suppliers to the 9 countries, and net consumers of the 9 countries products. The results are given in Table 4.31 in order of decreasing magnitude. It must be noted that these results do not indicate the overall position of each nation's trade in shark fins, only trade with the 9 countries. There may well be trade between any of the other nations which causes the position to alter from net supplier to net consumer, or visa versa, in global terms. For example, Singapore and Macao were mentioned earlier in the text as consumers of fins, whereas they are shown in Table 4.31 as suppliers. However, Singapore's trade statistics do show net imports of fins. The reason this country is shown in Table 4.31 as a net exporter is that it has a large proportion of imports from sources other than the other 8 countries from which the Table was compiled, namely India, Pakistan and Yemen. Similarly, Taiwan is shown in Table 4.31 as a net importer of fins, whereas, the trade statistics for that country show it as a net exporter. The major destination of exports from Taiwan is Japan. This highlights an anomaly in the records, as Japan does not appear to report any imports of shark fins. (This factor is discussed further under section 4.4). Despite these limitations, Table 4.31 does give some idea of the source and destination of shark fins traded, along with an indication of the relative level of trade each nation is engaged in. It may be a more reliable measure for those nations (* —see Table) involved only in imports or exports. According to Jack Jackson (pers. com.) the shark fin fisheries in Kenya and Yemen have existed for many years. Pacific islanders are now said to be fishing local sharks for fins for the Japanese market, and the same is happening in Ecuador. In the Philippines and Aden the practice of finning is said to be extensive. (No transactions involving Aden were identified by this study). Figures 4.32 and 4.33 give a year by year analysis of some of the major consumers and suppliers indentified in Table 4.31. Figure -4.32 which shows some of the largest consumers of shark fins exported by the 9 countries, bears out the comment by Cook (1990), mentioned earlier, that demand for fins in China has surged since economic restrictions were relaxed. Also noteable is the increasing market in Burma. The pattern of shark fin production shown in Figure 4.33 also appears to bear out Cook's comments that new sources of shark fins are being sought as quantities from traditional suppliers decline. The graph clearly shows a decrease in supply to the 9 countries from India and Pakistan in 1989 and 1990, whereas supplies from the United Arab Emirates and the USA in particular, have doubled in 4 years. This may explain the concern over the impact of the trade on shark populations voiced in the articles originating from the USA cited earlier in this report. Other countries which appear to have a relatively new and expanding export market for fins include Panama, Guatamala and New Zealand (see Appendix II for others). 15 Figure 4.32 Pattern of Shark fin consumption oemeed from the records of the 9 Countries examined —— China —&- Burma SODDOD —— Brunei on © 400000 7) » h4 © 200000 ey B 100000 ee 1984 1985 1986 12°87 1988 1989 1990 Year Figure 4.33 Pattern of Shark fin production Identified from the records of the 9 Countries examined 400000 —— BErazil India Pakistan USA pas eu United Arab Emirates ie) ts — n ie, © 200000 i= 4 inal ~~ © Qi . 100000 0 1984 1985 1886 1987 1986 1989 1990 Year 16 Figure 4.34 Number of Trading Partners Identified from the records of the 9 Countries examined $0 €0 70 60 No. of Countries 40 LL} IX x xX 30 TABLE 4.41 COMPARISON OF THE QUANITITIES (KG) REFORTED BY THE RECORDS OF THE OTHER 8 COUNTRIES 1987 Import Wy) Imports from eK Bea Exports to SC > Ps osese bes EACH COUNTRY EXAMINED WITH Hong Kong reports 2879084 596658 3552634 other countries 1371550 56711 . 1648540 Indonesia reports ie) 429248 so other countries 0 ° 710667 886984 Japan reports other countries Malaysia reports other countries Republic of Korea ce) 79236 1250 other countries 823 53185 ° Singapore reports 869118 ‘750459 1198381 other countries 487968 582440 645046 Sri Lanka reports oO other countries ) Taiwan reports 2600 other countries 94439 Thailanc reports 94978 37024 other countries 104180 32997 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 Export Import Export Import Export 846285 3737923 1207071 3553966 1434110 2371535 1273064 105068 1954292 157479 Z 458442 oO 298106 S02042 580639 ; 73010 8300 91140 11320 33930 109367 707749 81792 1260 60100 6067-51028 7934 3593 61886 18150 92500 10287. 53599 “4122279 1925016 920358 1234360 1573549 8227989 505406 675589 545713 5s5181 52978 0 49159 Oo} 6s3942 50578 0 S6331 ° 67245 150608 103498 149857 125662 287450 S611 90107-21287 e3584 35171 42069 131462 52890 83584 35171 42042 103498 149857 100657 43024 17 Table 4.42 ; EXPORTS TO JAPAN NOT APPARENTLY REPORTED AS IMPORTS IN JAPAN’S TRADE STATISTICS 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 Others Japan Others Japan Others Japan Others Japan Hong Kong 16892 ° 41155 ° 45360 t9) 65352 (9) Indonesia ce) te) 394 ° 7543 oO 12130 16) Malaysia oO re) Oo O° 10 19) fe) (6) Republic of Korea 30240 co) ° ° 6504 ° 2040 fe) Singapore ; ° fo} 2479 co) 25669 fo) 43117 fe) Sri Lanka co) ° 495 ° ° ° 7948 ° Taiwan ° ° 113100 ° 149575 ° 282891 (<) Thailand ° ° 802 co) 2436 te) 1553 (6) Total 47132 ° 158425 ° 237097 ° 415031 ° eremssesssesceesseaaSSsees eS Sseee esc sseekeesceesesceee eeeeeesescesses sss SSS S SS SoSSSSSSS5= DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN EXPORT STATISTICS REPORTED BY JAPAN WITH IMPORTS RECORDED BY THE OTHER 8 COUNTRIES EXAMINED (QUANTITIES: KG) 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 Others Japan Others Japan Others Japan Others Japan essesssses=s= Soca SsSorcs sescseessses=ssee===S==0==) Hong Kong 655318 612695 654681 537405 527102 442814 474144 421600 Indonesia ° ° ° ce) 2 0 ° ° Malaysia 130 = aCe) 30 1) BO ° 240 ° Republic of Korea 10) 820 1200 0 O° O° 414 413 Singapore 139000 92844 104000 87254 91310 597008 90205 67373 Sri Lanka fo) ° ° ° fo} ° 0 to) Taiwan — 300 ° 1200 500 3767 1839 4258 302 Thailand 92236 810 64271 4877 50553 15954 11378 9682 686984 707169 845362 630036 672814 519615 580639? 499370 To other Markets 3498 2153 7855 3672 Total reported by Japan 710667 632189 527470 503042 cues comeeee sos Se Se Se Ce EES eS Sees Sees eS SEES Es seecesssesseESESsee SS SSeS aSSeseesssc Potentially under-reported 179815 . 215346 153199 81269 % under-reported 25.30 34.06 29.04 16.16 gscssesecesecsessSSceSssSesnesecesscsceseeseesssteesss eseesssSssesessSsSSSSeeeseeSseesaaa= Table 4.43 DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN IMPORT STATISTICS REPORTED BY MALAYSIA WITH EXPORTS RECORDED BY THE OTHER 8 COUNTRIES EXAMINED (QUANTITIES: KG) 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 Others Malaysia Others Malaysia Others Malaysia Others Malaysia eoseeseececeseessHHeSSaSseSSsseesSsSSsSSSEeEssesesaEss SSSSS= = Hong Kong 2025 2680 523 910 246 780 960 1420 Indonesia 13042 48760 22941 47110 35900 48840 31273 50640 Japan ° 130 ° 30 80 fe) 240 Republic of Korea ce) 40 ° 40 0 ° (e) Singapore 107689 8730 141084 10210 70215 19170 49559 33260 Sri Lanka 0 ° ce) ° ° ° 40 Taiwan : ° 20 ° ° - : 360 ° 10 Thailand ° 2380 56 4420 3006 3300 ° 490 122756 62740 164604 62720 109367 72530 81792 86300 From other Markets 10720 1940 480 4840 Total reported by Malaysia 73460 64660 73010 91140 60016 101884 36837 -4508 % under-reported 81.70 157.57 50.45 eco== jeeanea=- ee eee eee ee eee ease SaasSeeeessseeses= SSSSESeSsssSessaaSssssSSSSSeSSS==S== DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN EXPORT STATISTICS REPORTED BY MALAYSIA WITH IMPORTS RECORDED BY THE OTHER 8 COUNTRIES EXAMINED (QUANTITIES = KG) 1986 1986 1987 - 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 Others Malaysia Others Malaysia Others Malaysia Others Malaysia prsceeses<-=ss5555225SeeeHsHeSSSSSseSessessssssssessSsS SSSSSSsssssssessSsSssSsaSsSSSSSS=SS= Hong Kong 390 ° 3830 1220 862 10 ° “150 Indonesia- ° ° ° ° ° ° ° ° Japan ° ce) a ° oO ° 10 co) Oo Republic of Korea oO ° ° ° ° ° ° 2770 Singapore ° 280 30000 - 11470 705000 1190 te) 880 Sri Lanka ° ° ce) ce) ° ° ° Oo Taiwan ° fe} 100 ° 1907 1060 1260 40 Thailand te) ° ° ce) ce) ° ° 30 390 280 33930 12690 707769 2270 1260 3870 To other Markets ° 370 6030 7450 Total reported by Malaysia 280 13060 *B300 11320 eeeoessereesseeeseeeSserseaseeeseeseesceecsssssSSSSeEts SSSeSsSeeeseseessSSSSSsSSe55S5SSSS5= Potentially under-reported 110 21240 705499 —2610 % under-reported 39.29 162.63 6499.99 eece sees sseSesS SSeS SSeS Se SS SSS eS SSeS SSS SS SssSSrsesesse=s Bre soe se soc sescessessesee = SSS SSS >> 18 In an attempt to ascertain whether the number of nations participating in the fin trade is increasing, the number of nations trading with the 9 countries in each year was examined. Figure 4.34 displays this information. As can be seen the number of countries contributing to the supply far exceeds those nations that are consumers . Imports were recorded from 85 countries in 1988, but the number of sources has slightly decreased since then. It may be worthwhile in a future study to further determine whether traditional supplies are declining and if new sources of fins are taking over, and whether more countries will take up the trade. (NB: The totals given for 1990 may be slightly low as Malaysia's data for that year was unavailable) . 4.4 Quality of the Trade Statistics In order to determine the reliability of the trade statistics presented by each of the 9 countries, comparison was made of the quantities reported by each country in turn with the corresponding records of the remaining 8 countries. The results given in Table 4.41 provides only a rough analysis. as the totals reported by the country in question obviously include imports and exports from sources other than just the remaining 8 countries. However, it is interesting to note that trade between these 9 nations accounts for a fairly high proportion of their total trade. Table 4.41 reveals certain anomalies. For example, as mentioned earlier, no imports of shark fins were identified from Japan's trade statistics, however, several of the other 8 countires reported exports of fins to Japan. In addition, the other 8 countries reported imports from Japan in excess of the total quantity of shark fins which Japan reported exporting. By isolating the quantity of fins sent to other markets it was possible to assess what percentage of exports were potentially under-reported by Japan. These are given in Table 4.42. Similar discrepancies can be found in some years for some of the other countries, but Malaysia's trade statistics are also at particular variance with the records of the other countries. These are summarised in Table 4.43. Here it is interesting to note that up until 1989 the other 8 countries consistently reported greater trade with Malaysia than Malaysia's trade statistics show, but in 1989 the situation is reversed. This may be due the changes in commodity codes referred to earlier, resulting in this case in apparently improved reporting. As previously mentioned it was difficult to ensure that commodity codes for all shark fin products were accounted for, and ity as therefore difficult to determine whether the discrepancies in the two examples, or in any of the other country's records is due to the original preparation or present collation of the data. As previously mentioned, the quantity of shark fins exported by one country should in theory, equate to the quantity imported by the recipient (and visa versa), but there are legitimate reasons that differences in the annual figures reported do occur. For example, a shipment exported by one country at the end of a year may not actually arrive in the country of destination until the following 1g) No. of Sharks (000's) Figure 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 5.01 Estimated number of Sharks imported by the 9 countries examined 2,335,096 1986 1987 1986 1989 20 year, and therefore although the transaction correlates, it may appear in the trade statistics in two different years. A noteable problem encountered was with Singapore's trade statistics, as on occasion the analysis provided did not sum to the total stated. Also, calculations of price per KG produced odd results in some instances, for example, Indonesia 1988 imports and Hong Kong 1984 and 1985 ‘other' imports (see Appendix III,c.) which were out of line with the other records and suggest errors in the data. This may provide an explanation as to why the price patterns shown in Figures 4.21 and 4.22 are so variable. These general limitations in the statistics need to be taken into account when considering the pattern of international trade in shark fins, particularly with regard to possible under-reporting of imports or exports. Obviously if trade statistics for more countries and more years could be found and added to these records this would enhance the accuracy of the data presented and further define areas of discrepancy. 5.0 DISCUSSION Many factors have served to frustrate efforts to determine any trends in the shark fin trade from the figures presented, particularly the reduction in the number of year's statistics which are available from the Export Market information Library, and the changes in commodity code classifications. Indications from the results (Figures 4.12 and 4.13) are that a slight downturn in trade may be occuring, although there are really too few years' records to say this with any certainty. If the volume of trade has peaked, it needs to be established whether this is due to saturation of demand (which would be suggested by a decline in prices) or due to difficulty in obtaining supplies (which would be suggested by an accompanying rise in price as the commodity becomes more scarce). The price patterns revealed by this study presents rather an unclear picture in this respect. What also needs to be verified is whether there is a _ changing -pattern in supply. That is, are shark populations in some regions being over exploited, causing a switch to sources presently more abundant elsewhere? The figures presented in section 4.3 (Figure 4.33) suggests that this may be the case. The change in the pattern of supply may also be manifesting itself in a change in the products traded (Figure 4.15), which the figures given here also appear to support. (Perhaps indicating a change in the species composition as well as a change in the geographical range fished). It may be relevant to consider why new nations are being attracted into the shark fin market. Barries Deas of the National Federation of Fishermen's Organisations suggests this may be due to poor Management of inshore fisheries (pers. com.). Cook (1990) suggests that in the USA ‘interest in shark fishing ... came from fishermen geared with pelagic line equipment for tuna and swordfish. As those fisheries encountered declining stocks and increased regulation, there was a concerted effort undertaken....to locate a targetable species which was compatible with the gear already fitted’ (Cook, 1990) . 21 If shark stocks in some areas are being over exploited, how long will the new fisheries be able to meet the demand for fins before their shark populations begin to suffer? This will depend on how the pattern of consumption changes. Most important may be how much more the demand for fins rises in China in particular (see Figure 4.32), but also in Burma, the USA, Canada and Europe (which presently has a fairly low, but increasing, interest in fins). A very rough calculation was suggested by Dr Keith Bannister (pers. com.) to give an indication of the number of sharks the quantities of fins traded by the 9 countries represents. This is 2.5KG of dried fins (or 5KG of 'wet' fins) per 150KG shark. The calculation was carried out on the total quantity imported by the 9 countries from 1986 to 1989. The results are given in Figure 5.01. However, it must be remembered that this report has concentrated only on fins, as the highest value shark product, and the number of sharks shown in Figure 5.01 in no way represents the total number of sharks traded. As mentioned earlier Greenpeace Australia calculated that in 1988 Korean and Taiwanese fishing fleets killed over 2.25 million blue sharks alone, whilst fishing for squid. Where sharks are taken as unwanted by—catch, or where 'finning' is carried out, there may be a high element of wastage of shark resources. Therefore even if all the shark products landed were taken into account, the number of sharks in international trade may represent only a portion of the total number that are being lost from the seas. 6.0 CONCLUSIONS It is probably not prudent to attempt to draw conclusions from the narrow range of data presented. Even if a wider reaching study is possible, the results would represent after—the-fact observations, which require further interpretation to gauge the impact the international trade in fins may be having on shark populations. This kind of study may provide warnings that changes in supply and demand are occuring, and alert the need for further monitoring. However, the first-hand observations of marine scientists are likely to be more reliable in determining trends in shark populations, as well as more current. Their findings need to be acted on, rather than those of the statistician, which may come too late to protect various populations of shark species from over exploitation. That being said, there is obviously an important requirement for long term monitoring in wildlife conservation and the statistics have a value in this respect. However it is the observations that should count, supported by figures. The figures should not he elevated to a higher position by those with the capacity to introduce controlling regulations. 7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS In order to determine any possible effect trade in shark fins or any other shark product may be having on shark populations, there is a need for further research, incorporating a greater time period, to determine the global utilisation of sharks as outlined in section 22 = Ai. This would require an extensive analysis of trade and fishery statistics. Such an analysis would only be of value if shark numbers are also quantified globally, to provide a base line for comparison, and it is not known if this type of data is available. A future study would also be beneficial to attempt to establish the extent of finning and the relative value of the fins compared to the rest of the carcass in different markets, as it may be that complete utilisation of the shark occurs in some geographical regions and not others. The fate of sharks caught as a by-catch also needs to be investigated. Both these studies would help to determine the level of shark resources that are wasted. An analysis species by species, and region by region, would be desireable to identify those populations at particular risk, but a global overview may be all that is at this time, potentially possible. Manire and Gruber (1990) state ‘sharks are (currently) treated as a group because the present state of knowledge precludes a management by species approach’. The difficulties involved in carrying out such an enquiry are not underestimated. Although individual responsible nations may apply restrictions on the fishing of local shark stocks to protect then, it may be that international trade will require international trade controls. The Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias_, popular with trophy hunters, (and of which there are only around 2,000 left) was proposed for CITES listing but failed, as there was no conclusive evidence that it was threatened by international trade (Keith Bannister, pers. com.). Shark fins are very much the subject of international trade and it may be that the value in such a study would be to ascertain if any of the shark species which are currently causing concern to marine scientists could in fact benefit from CITES listing. ze} LTE ih Be | (iter): a ie 9a oe edad. ggitey eed, apie side ein wed ; : 4 : wa Pas i ey % “5 by Sy Cir » PP a ig er nea: ep 2 ywbotaven Pe welt oat Bie: i aa mg poise pes fod de7T6 tt went “(Ok Bs . (edepwsoxs) SIb18E: C0 RP jrosed f ha ‘ ar 7 Letebwh 0 em ob shies (eer) Be Pi ee ORE! & a ae ent akc ut (POEL) qt Lee 0 we itege Pines white wel cor wot inet: Cbg tele RES: AOE aa = een: : OB me qo (Res). jouene. a aA ep hsem: (ORAM Meolelt. noriey ers Sia ies esses ve 42 onset (ean Ra JP beni wetirae a a: By el Swi ‘ Hie ce oleae et clint nk wi tA ett eo Ra. | ete eae: sidan ’ | aren bet "sie soba oie grim Eh Set ed is 5 So wire Je age F aye APPENDIX I Summary of Shark Data Book by Year NOTES: All figures refer to quantities of shark fins in kG. ‘Reported by': are the total quantities of shark fins reported under the commodity codes given in Table 3.01, by each of the 9 countries examined. ‘Other country': denotes quantities traded by other nations with the 9 countires examined, and represents the origin of their cumulative imports and exports. The statistics did not always differentiate the Arab Republic of Yemen from the People's Republic of Yemen, and therefore the split between these two countries may be unreliable. Any quantities for which the origin was not given in sufficient detail e.g.'Africa' or 'Oceania' were entered as ‘unspecified’. r i ty Ray | co 0] 00| Co > c O 5 SA a) aang ery [eer ieee io} fo} fio} fie) | 00} © @| 00} CO Bangladesh Burma [Belgium sid [Benin a'r 1988 1988 —s © | | 00 @ w ie) @ oO a (eo) fre) oO fo) Q| a ie) dial (@) pare oO (oe) SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY YEAR nb: ale = figures not available at Export Market Information Library OTHER COUNTRY _ REPORTED BY EAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS China C2 901533 463371 | 1988 | Cyprus C3 5 1988 | Chile C4 8894 1988 | Colombia C5 11569 1988 | Costa Rica C6 4849 1988 | Cuba C7 1075 1988 | Curacao C8 2) fame: inks) | | 1988 | Congo C9 CEE | aaaenen] 1988 | Djibouti D1 ) a" = 1988 | Dominican Rep. D2 0) ieieameeeree| 1988 | Denmark D3 3 ae | 1988 | Ecuador E1 32579 -_—— 1988 | Eygpt E2 5600 hemmeern= KES) 1988 | El Salvador E3 ———— 1988 | Fiji F1 0 1988 | France F2 9286) Pir 2000 i 1988} FR/NL. W. Indies F3 9 1508 ata 1988 | Guam Gi 1066) )— 1 — | eeienstanalan. ——~ |G2ie. | - tala | esa a 1988 | Germany (F. R.) G3 1988 | Gambia 1988 | Ghana 1988 | Guinea 1988 | Guyana 1988 - 1988] Greece _ 1988|Hong Kong 1988 | Haiti _ 1988 | Honduras ~ 1988 | Indonesia 1988] India P= S0S88 ill —— seal ee 1988 | lvory Coast _1988| Iraq ) lane al _1988|Iceland _—s_s« ) — _1988 fy) _ 1988 237097 672814 ——-O|_~_—_—527470] _ 1988 J2 ) Seal iercaihen) (Kit. [| _in-150|—— — See _1988 iKenyaee [Ke | 20628 eS a |1988|Kiribat = = =——-«[K3_ 16S ae _1988|Kuwait sd K4 — =f 8300 (Sie ee oe ES EAL SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY YEAR nb: n/a = figures not available YEAR COUNTRY __ REF at Export Market Information Library OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY IMPORTS EXPORTS — IMPORTS EXPORTS | ) 182719 11630 6272 New Zealand Nigeria New Caledonia Norway Netherlands Oman Philippines 20272 Pakistan 236593 Papua New Guinea Portugal 8534 315 ae re Paraguay Quatar South Korea 132 18150 92500 6067 51028 Solomon Islands 0 2692 ets? 14000 aaa = Seema 19778 =i Ee 1988 | Sweden $16 1988 | Sin $2 1925016 920358 | 1988] S3 Switzerland 117 ) “tos Sau Te 1988 | Saudi Arabia S6 30 3513 Sri Lanka | a 56331 —————— 15 4 Re Seychelles Sy) 19629 ee Thailand F986 [Tanzar r3 1988 T3 3170 [eae | 1988 | Turkey. 1 a | Of 4200). a 1988 | Trinidad & Tobago A Togo RG Ss | = — ap ede Beas 5 1988 /USA. = UT a= = 30847 | 278200)... aa | "1988 Wnspecifieds — Ua e835 |be e4es9 |) eae | 1986 | United ArabiEm/) | Usiae Ee eaGs70 | Sissi | 1988|United Kingdom [U4 | 887,37, | 2000 ae 31709 — 5279 35591 19868 /|Venezuéla |= -.c|N2I5 Pe 142920) SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY YEAR nb: n/a = figures not available at Export Market Information Library — OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY AR COUNTRY | _ REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1988 | West. Samoa W1 32877 Yemen (Arab Rep) |Y1 65000 1988 | Yemen (Peop Rep) | Y2 50500 1988 | Zaire Z1 15 TOTAL 1988 + 3424575 5076076} 5976979 | 3424575 meee | Australia 30182 Argentina A2 29525 America Samoa A3 ) Aruba (imipenem (0) 1989 | Canada 1989} Cameroon 89 | China C2 —_ | (co) ce) (Co) ive) —_— © (ooo o) (ve) (@)K@) StS o|a ” |] 0 ee Te 7 ©; O!| oO (ooloo}Kee) Co} to} Kle) glelg SIE: S\E|0 3/5 1989 mei9s9|Congo (COC |_ 1989 | 1989|Dominican Rep. | D2 a [1989 | 0 [aap | 1989] Ecuador a |_ 1989] er El Salvador a |_ 1989] Fiji 2 iw |_ 1989] France 1294 | aerenogas el 1989) FR/NL. W. Indies 22 if Guatamala G [[1989|Germany (FR) [6s ima se Py |_i989/Gambia [G4 — |_i989/Ghana_— CGS [1969] Guinea [Ge] — | 1989|/Guyana «(G7 4988 Grenada G8 — 1968 Greece a 1954292 157479 1434110 1989|HongKong Ss [Hs || 1954292 | Sor —(h2 [oe SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY YEAR nb: n/a = figures not available at Export Market Information Library ee OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY | _ REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS. Honduras H3 ) Indonesia 1 ) 314551 1989 | India l2 ) 250980 1989 | Ivory Coast 13 6358 1989 | Italy 14 ) 0) 1989 | Iraq I5 ) 1989 | Iceland I6 0) eT) Ea ee | | J 415031| 580639/ OO 1 J2 0 ee. 220 es 36500 210 1977 ) 1000 ea: ES 1989 1989 | Mozambique M6 5125 22 M8 1000 1989 | Macau M9 1090 16841 1989 | New Zealand N1 40 10706 1989 | Nigeria N2 47 3998 | ieee/Newi@aledenias. S| NSS |S | 0 ae 1989 | Norway _ N4 8579 |. ae 1989 | Netherlands N5 | ete 1989 |Oman O1 PI 59 P2 Sigel Panama eg) cee] r9s8| Papuan 0 ieee pomuaten Guines [rej SS ce ee | 1989) Paraguay)... 8 [IPR aie Oe ge La |. 1989) Quatans:.. Aviome [OiL ne - R ahge OF Lr | 1989|SouthKorea [S11 | 10287| 53599 7984] 35982 Sk a) A | .1989|Semalia,,.... | SPA. a OT |) Senegal $13 23265) | iee9 (Sudan. (Saw ea SO - l | Wes Siemallcone | SIS | OT . TSBO Sweden ives SID lS — Ie Se 1989 585181 SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY YEAR Le lee = figures not available at Export Market Information Library OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY. EAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1989 | South Africa $3 1989 | Switzerland S4 1989 | Spain $5 Saudi Arabia S6 Sri Lanka Si Swaziland S8 Seychelles sg Thailand T1 100657 T2 91671 Tanzania Turkey Trinidad & Tobago |T5 i 83584 35171 125662 Unspecified United Arab Em United Kingdom 201073 4044 No @ Oo N (Fe) an © @ [o) Nw ie 1S] tT -Soaee |_[TOTAL 1989 ie —| 4451017 5100646| 5100646| 4451017 ——— ESS 40269 45107 — sr > Tol Ko) ©} o|O > Cc ” = » 1990 | Canada 1990 1990 1990 1990 ate = —— — eae se ———J 19866) ata 1990 | Costa Rica 10029) le cian _1990|Cuba 6400]} 4014658 aaa ‘_1990[Curacao sd ae ee ee oO SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY YEAR nb: n/a = figures not available at Export Market Information Library f OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS YEAR COUNTRY ____ REF 1990 | Congo 1990 | Djibouti G 4603 1990} Ghana 1990} Guinea 4 G5 G6 G7 | 1990] (Guyana 5 G7 565 1990 | Grenada G8 7650 1990| Greece aes eT 1990|Hong Kong 1088261 126163| 3838028 0 0) 1990 | Honduras 1990 | Indonesia 0 1990 | India fe) 1990 | Ivory Coast E x ae —Fee0] eos ae Iceland ks. 1990 | Irish Republic 17 24 fewer ur Japan JJ 463303 | CO] 451264 | | _1990| Jordan J2 0 aoe ae Siecle ame = fe 1990| Kenya | ee Kuwait K4 iberi Eon Lebanon (GAPS [a y (A aa as ee 0 | $1990) Mauritania]. NO a a0) ~_ | 1990|Malaysia [M2 | 155870/ 13198] fal a a | 1990|Maldives [M4 | CO 6625) = | 1990 |Mexico 3 a MB 285 106 | - — Mozambique es ae | _1990|Malagase IN Za Fi 8460 [ae ™1990]Madagascar 4000| ar [1990] Macau 0 a ie New Zealand 861 21025 ers | 1990|Nigeria ss [N2 OE ~~ 21047)! oa SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARYV...No: S3 BY YEAR nb: n/a = figures not available at Export Market Information Library — OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1990 | New Caledonia INSaae| 0 1990 | Norway IN4 | ) 11024 Netherlands |N5 870 340 1990 | Oman |O1 0 22065 1990] Philippines |P4 1000 4752 1990 | Pakistan P2 0 139907 1990} Peru P3 71760 1990} Panama P4 0 21517 1990 | Papua New Guinea |P5 40 6) 1990 | Portugal P6 0 0 aes Paraguay P7 0 ee ae 1990 | Quatar Q1 0 1990 | South Korea S1 300 64037 11400 75469 1990! Solomon Islands $10 | 1990|Somalia S11 | _1990| Suriname S12 1990 | Senegal $13 1990 | Sudan $14 1990 | Sierra Leone $15 | 1990] S16 1990 | Singapore $2 South Africa $3 1990 | Switzerland S4 | 1990] Spain S5 | 1990] Saudi Arabia S6 | 1990] Sri Lanka S7 | 1990 | Swaziland $8 | 1990] Seychelles Sg ‘| 1990} Thailand T1 ‘|_.1990 | Taiwan T2 Tanzania T3 |_ 1990) Turkey T4 | 1990|Trinidad & Tobago |T5 Togo 16 | 1990|USA U1 | 1990] Unspecified U2 {_ 1990| United Arab Em [U3 United Kingdom U4 |_1990|/USSR U5 | 1990] Uragua U6 |_1990| Vietnam Vi 1990] Venezuela V2 ___1990| West. Samoa W1 1990| Yemen (Arab Rep)* | Y1 1990| Yemen (Peop Rep) | Y2 1990 | Zaire Z1 a} el re eeee S| TOTAL 1990 3784434 5011056| 5011056| 3784434 i [GRAND TOTAL 19058416 30998905 [30998905 | 19058416 * - 7 ret c Veto we Pep APPENDIX II Summary of Shark Data Book by Country NOTES: All figures refer to quantities of shark fins in KG. "Reported by': are the total quantities of shark fins reported under the commodity codes given in Table 3.01, by each of the 9 countries examined. ‘Other country': denotes quantities traded by other nations with the 9 countires examined, and represents the origin of their cumulative imports and exports. The statistics did not always differentiate the Arab Republic of Yemen from the People's Republic of Yemen, and therefore the split between these two countries may be unreliable. Any quantities for which the origin was not given in sufficient detail e.g.'Africa’' or 'Oceania' were entered as ‘unspecified’. { i LO SR ae CrsVH Yu rook eae Seana, YO pion £2 prt ey Leet arith Pores } Me te e oF S - stent io ontseaniee gs air deraprt fis na “pa tsiegerr \ Auete AS" soon seni {soe ony exe x "yA Doornegel ho devichh ~o pis mo imal bs jel aad pee AT RoC ect “cele TS 3 ae 8 y i= Ai) at agoiden iia us pee seis isan Nedioned : tiga oi ge.? aa ee nae yf sae verigtuos © at ‘ie athe tas ep reqat “on Se Ceumt i ; ie eerey wat tatdete eet. ‘pepigos, eels 413 scrxt meweY to ~ imaccks ee ‘ear esrc8k wd Aes ‘qheeted. Algae ot) teil OL eatoitras ip: san FO ‘wotak” ‘% 5 icagon - SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY. ..No: S3 BY COUNTRY es OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY | YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS = IMPORTS EXPORTS 1984 | Australia 2802 3403 1985 | Australia 2016 3350 1986 | Australia 5995 5251 Australia 3468 15057 1988 | Australia 5891 15151 1989 | Australia 1990 | Australia 1984 | Argentina | 1985] Argentina 1986 | Argentina 1279 1 SOS a 1987 | Argentina 11163] SL eee Argentina ee ees ea 1989 | Argentina 29525)|i |) Sime Argentina ES eee eT America Samoa Can EE | | America Samoa America Samoa a ; America Samoa America Samoa 1) SL SS eee 1989] America Samoa RT (a 7 | _1990| America Samoa ea |) Aruba EE Aruba A4 [ea Aruba A4 Ff ) Aruba ne | a eT eS 1 : A4 a (| ) A4 <5) | 7s | 1990] A4 a i a ee Austria AS Te eee 1986/Austria [AS aes Fa?) Austria AS 125 (ie ees) —S—— 1984 | Brazil B1 ) |_ 1985] Brazil Sitead| tee essa 2 Si ene) {_ 1986| Brazil (eee es | TS) I ee Gedies | (Bical "Teno, GAS 72) seen [1988] Brazil B1 —————————EE ise Brazil Bias ra iS SOD IGM | aoe Berplseal— [Bi | 1) 0] _2aseus|a1 ___ | neon Peaieinicias +———_|B2a | ee OT | Peper eee cuncie +— ——|BaR~ | reo OND. | nocemey Bens) (Suncine—|-—_ [Bak | eaea TC Te6OD! | omemay) Brunei (Bea |r sores SOND) oom Brunei a ee CC a esenincme (P28. [ See2h7 TDI ioereney fs90/Brunciv; | B2" {o400 |e - s SO eee SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY OTHER COUNTRY. REPORTED BY © YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1984 | Bangladesh B3 13209 1985 | Bangladesh B3 5953 1986 | Bangladesh B3 73252... 4 1987 | Bangladesh B3 eS | a ee 1988 | Bangladesh B3 aS 1989 | Bangladesh B3 ee eeeey Seat 1990| Bangladesh B3 nA 1984 | Burma B4 aes 1985| Burma B4 ae ec 1986 | Burma B4 ) — 1987 | Burma B4 300 1988 280 — 100 1990 | Burma (SEC a 1984 | Bahrein IESien | tO a Sa. i [BS Bahrein Bahrein Bahrein ere | 1990|Bahrein [BS 0 fe oe B6 185 ee 1985 | Belgium B6 58 | 1986 | Belgium B6 57 | ae bal 1987 | Belgium B6 41 SSS ES 1988 | Belgium [BE 35 i - — [2a980) Belgian 1" a. BGs Wii ae ee 6. | 1990|Belgium [BO +488 —__} ___ Benin eee 1985 | Benin i ae eee ie 1986 | Benin (le ae eS 1987 | Benin mame al 1989 | Benin B7 1984 | Canada 7053 11524 La 1985 | Canada Ci as Co ae ae | | 1886 |Canadal 7 7 ICieAa|It (S166 10 eso. a 1987 (Canada| ~ | CARTaR)RR = 2022 | nises3 2). |; ae jess ee 1} +83} —_iosse| | aa |_ 1990 Canada" SC (NS TABS 58 123640) EO eiep 22 |S a 1984 Cameroon, | [CODE NGS = RRO ao Se Se 1985 (Cameroon (7 > I CION) ae. SRO oo Rio ae 1986 | Cameroon CC Rae 77 a a ee ee 1987 | Cameroon ClO | oo 5 SO 0. 1988 | Cameroon (i Se are a | 1980/Camercon | |C1OGR RD Re ES Se ae 1990 | Cameroon CATS [7S a NOTES 5185 i SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY 8 OTHER COUNTRY. REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS — EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1984 | China 84600 31731 | 1985] China 133028 35114 1986 | China 333991 91494 1987 | China 575340 236395 1988] China 901533 463371 1989} China 1069278 566119 1990 | China Cyprus 1985 | Cyprus 1986 | Cyprus 1987 | Cyprus 1988 | Cyprus Cyprus | _1990| Cyprus 1984 | Chile 1986/Chile ss i 1984 | Colombia [Colombia [C5 8 198 #198 ) 8 Costa Rica Costa Rica Costa Rica 1988 | Costa Rica wo O}/O} 01} 0/0/}0 —|—|00| G/ PO @} ©} 00) | Po BI O]O;/MIN 0/0} 0/4/ =) 0 © NO) o1 Op) HP HP) A) HA) AH | reeks | omks ((o} Co} foo} ios} ©/|@ [ol Co} tie} O)| On) & —|— © (oo) Koo) N ok | eh | eh 0} 00] 00 ©} ‘e)[@) c\c ouheg © |» fh | C7 ‘|-1987 $ 2 a | Curacao ok | ek | ek | — {Co} Ko} fio} Ke) © foo} oc} ifoo} Koo) ©} O)}N| oO O|}O}O e/e\c tay (eo) Oo [Curacao «CB SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY . OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS | Bie Congo cg 0 ts 1985 | Congo cg fe) Congo cg @) Congo ie) 1081 1988 | Congo C9 652 1989 | Congo 1990 | Congo cg 4999 1984 | Djibouti D1 ) 1985 | Djibouti D1 fe) 1986 | Djibouti D1 3000] 1987 | Djibouti i 0 0 ?) o = N 1988 | Djibouti 1000 ao 4654 2800 ) ——— a Po SS = 1985 | Dominican Rep. [eee 1986 | Dominican Rep. Dominican Rep. 1988 | Dominican Rep. 8 D2 9 Denmark 84 198 8 Eygpt 1986 PEPSI escarole Evo pt eau |Eyopte} a HEygpts' <= 2] 84 8 987 El Salvador 1990] El Salvador —_ 7) @ “NI — o —- oO —_ ice) | oy ce) (o) PERRAPT RETA G)| G/N DO] DODO POTD] a] —_ (ce) @ —_s —_ © © © | N]| OO} O1) RR) O} © = ice} © © _ 4/0} W/O/@M!O/O _— © oO) —)G)/ | a Wo} ce) N (oo) foo} Kor) ive) _ an oO ice) (os) i 2500 7850 it ice) fo) N = ice) @ @ N _ —A} ok ary ary ry er — = O/O © ive) o @ (oe) ©] 0 oO) oO @ mm m W/a@ (e%) _ Oo) o1 BIg Nj SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY Se ee OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1984 | Fiji F1 18 ol 1985 | Fiji F1 25 8860 1986 | Fiji F1 69 14900 Fiji F1 7 7940 Fiji F1 ) 13762 Fiji F1 2 24667 1990 | Fiji F1 15663 ea France F2 1985 | France F2 France F2 France F2 France F2 France France tt : 6304] ~~ eas al : : | 1990| Gambia G4 SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY ss OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPO 5163 2661 6618 16335 26806 20610 YEAR COUNTRY | 1984 | Ghana 1985 | Ghana 1986 | Ghana 1987 | Ghana 1988 | Ghana 1989] Ghana 1990} Ghana 1984] Guinea 1985 | Guinea 1986 | Guinea 1987 1988 ie) 0) O)| O)} Od} Gd} 01} G1} O1! O12] G1} C1) C1 0)| O) Grenada 1364 Greece | 1985|Greece 1986 | _1987| G8 G) © ia 45 0 0 ee oc) 19090| 2778978 75698} ss: 10556| 2648187 1371550 56711| 2879084 agai —)—'—1 ©} ©O| O/ ©O/ ©O/ © 0) On] | Go &/O}NM|O RB /N/8 | oy NBS O1| 00) |G) 98 —_ (00) [Hi | 1648540 | 3552634 1207071 [Hi | ~~ 1954292] 157479] 3553966] 1434110] 90|HongKong ss [H1| 1088261/ 126163] 3838028| 1609523) SSA Neat se UR om at SO } SS atte a a> a SO [066 atl ete — aS ah OS Sd RET Se ee en ee Olen es ace | (eemees | [oe eee ree (ce ere) faunas ee | [esteem | SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY — OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1984 | Honduras H3 1425 1985 | Honduras H3 fe) Honduras H3 0 Honduras H3 ) — 1988 | Honduras H3 ) Honduras H3 0 1990 | Honduras H3 0) Indonesia 11 0 245695 n/a n/a | 1985 | Indonesia i 0 175904 O| 326918 Indonesia 11 ) 125547 O| 429248 Indonesia 1 ) 222371 50| 546763 3 4000 682 458442 51651 421556 1988 | Indonesia 1989 | Indonesia | 1990] Indonesia 1984 | India 1985 | India 986lindia sD 1987 1984 | lvory Coast 1985 | lvory Coast 1986 | Ivory Coast 87 | lvory Coast vory Coast vory Coast —_ — — 4 | oh © ive) Co} (io) ive} (o) © [oo] oO) + (o} foo) ~“ © — re) © NI a NE | a K< @ —a| a] ((o} fo} ice} ©] 00} © O| 0} @ =k ce) © ps4 o e — sr + (o} ce) @ (op) s a | ary | ©} O!1N 9 e aa] oe oe [fol io} fie) Rice [o) eland roy e — ra) fo} fo} fo} i-*) —t ek | eh | eh Colo} Ke}ie}ilie} ©0| GD} 00} O| ©} 0) Ni] 90 | Iceland SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY | REF IMPORTS EXPORTS — IMPORTS EXPORTS 1984 | Irish Republic I7 ) coe | 1985] Irish Republic \7 fe) Irish Republic I7 ) 1987 | Irish Republic I7 0 ea eg} 0 + Sa 1990 | Irish Republic 24 1984 12545 1038456 nasal 1985 | Japan 14477 895415 1986| Japan 47132 886984 — B06 Japan 158425 845382 1988 | Japan ites. | 17237097)... | 672814) 0) eeraz0) 1989| Japan 415031 -—s2pe0| __6t_soso42 Bcc eames ce ee 52973| | 451264 aa Jordan 1986 | Jordan | Eso Jordan — 1988 | Jordan J2 ——! 1989 | Jordan J2 Eee ee | 1990 | Jordan J2 ) Beha 1984|Korea: North K1 128 eee 1985 | Korea (Rep) K1 50 ee ie] 1986 | Korea (Rep K1 30 Need oe 1987 | Korea (Rep 50 pi Bt ace | 1988 | Korea (Rep K1 150 tc] Korea (Rep K1 220 [1 1990 | Korea (Rep) K1 116 a ae] 1984 [Kenya 1371]. "Sees 1985 | Kenya a S| Kenya K2 = a BE | 1987 | Kenya ae ee 1988 | Kenya K2 ee et | Kenya K2 a | 1990/Kenya [2 34100[ | ae 1984 K3 2 re Bs | 1986 | Kiribatiicss—.—— K3-. i lO ales | a 1967 | Kiribati je KB. | ee | 1988) Kiribati: 35 K3 4). | GO a | a | 1969) Kiribatiins =. a )K3.<. J] | | |. 1990 Kiribati; 65. TKS. | Bae | a | 1984) Kuwait! Kae 3) 0)... ee ee 1985 Kuwait). KA eb. | ee eee eat {4 _|_82 ee ee a 1968) Kuwait KAS a) 50) | 1989|Kuwait [KA 0 ee | 1990|Kuwait [KA 0 ee SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY oo OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS. Liberia L1 249 Liberia L1 664 Liberia L1 5339 Liberia L1 3256 Liberia L1 | 1670 1989 | Liberia L1 1977 Liberia L1 2396 1984 | Lebanon Lebanon 1986 | Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon Lebanon Malaya Malaya Malaya. 1987 | Malaya M1 1988 | Malaya i A O}/O/ |) O;O/ 0} 0/0} O/0/0/0/ 0/0 igeebchats Ro|fo| fo} fo | fo | fo fo w 1 0 0 0 ame oi (0) 0 M Mi M —_ Malaya | 1990] Malaya Mauritania M10 Mauritania M10 Mauritania M10 Mauritania M10 Mauritania M10 Mauritania M10 Mauritania Malaysia M2 [M2 | [M2 Malaysia 1986 | Malaysia Malaysia | 1985 | | 1986 1987 1988 390 33930 64660 707769 73010 Mauritius 1260 91140 13198 n/a Mauritius oe ee noes oe | Mauritius 190) Ol ieee = femecteos = Malaysia Mauritius 262 14000 Mauritius |: 16500| Mauritius 96 15300 Mauritius T1989 | 1990] | | [1985 Maldives | | | | Maldives Maldives Maldives Maldives 3 | 1990] Maldives SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARYV...No: S3 BY COUNTRY ee OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY ~~ YEAR COUNTRY | REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1984 | Mexico M5 297 115929 1985 | Mexico M5 99 106994 1986 | Mexico M5 198 129815 1987 | Mexico M5 0 154767 Mexico ) 182719 1989 | Mexico A400)...» 4188715 [-— | ee Mexico Beas Mozambique 1989 | Mozambique Mozambique Malagasey Malagasey 460 ||. =e | ee Ee al bn abe 0 |. — a 1987 | Madagascar i 0 Weta res 1988 a a ree 0 | | 1989|Madagascar [MB | Cd 1000 | 1990|Madagascar [MB | 4000 Weemmiees ty) 1984 |Macau 5 M9.) 83] Baer | | _1985| Macau Ne) ot et 1986 | Macau pn 258 ||. 33 801). 1987 | Macau [Mg | 1840 33732 nee 1988 | Macau [Mo 1272 11620 — 1989 | Macau Me 1090 16841 |_1990|Macau eee a) 0) ee New Zealand A 151 | 0 New Zealand 144 ern don tO | 1986]NewiZealand.<.- NI | - 58195 | 6807) — 1987. |New. Zealand —-4/NIS S| - S40|) = 4150) ae | 1988)\New Zealand —- j|Nili | 4 62/2. 19978 | 1989|NewiZealand——s-4/NGmiD |) 40) 10708 |: — ae |_ 1990] New-Zealand) [NIPT. [>= — Lt 861) | 21025|-— a | 10841 Nigeria): 4] NBR S| 607 |) |. 1985) Nigeria NDE en 36 | 1606 | a 1986! Nigeriat———-_ IND — 420 2815 | 1987)| Nigeria) {~~ NB E163) 9846). {TOBY Nigerian —-—-— ol NARA TG) eae a 4383 Nese N47 ____Sse8} | 1990|Nigeria [N22 Ol) ~~ 1847). _, | SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS New Caledonia zl N3 L ) 1985 | New Caledonia N3 ) New Caledonia N3 2000 1987 | New Caledonia Ne 1000 New Caledonia N3 | 1000 New Caledonia N3 ) New Caledonia : N3 + 0 Norway N4 24 17360) = a Ee ee Norway N4 50 10720 a Norway | N4 240 11642 ee Norway Nae] 198 46065 5 el Seta Norway N4 82 21674 san a Norwa N4 Sih 30) 6570) Norway N4 ) 11024 eae Netherlands NS al: 469 0} — eae Netherlands NS 317 Ct ae Netherlands N5 474 3172\-- -_—-[S See Netherlands N5 1219 15323 — 1988 | Netherlands N5 1245 4282 en tree Netherlands N5. | 399 1600|-—— — -—]= See Netherlands N5 870 RR Oman O1 10 S56) ee | _1985|Oman O1 40 644+ ——— eal Oman O1 8 0 oe Oman O1 30 31010 peetentrss| Oman Ot 42100 a O1 5000-1066 a= Eel £1990|Oman——=«iot panes|——_—__ “Pere P41 6036) | 1985|Philippines [P11 5269) | eee Philippines P1 0 24102) eee | 1988 | PI 01-2024) aioe 1989 PI i eee 1990] Pi 1000; ____ 4752, Bemeestned | 1984 | P2 Olt 88086 |e eee | 1985 | ioe [tee lr 60 eee ee ota |) —— S01 is ee (eee eens Peatkistagn n= ———-1 | P20.) eae 16S | |_ 1988 SS —e | 1989|Pakistan [P| Fieere of A022" dl pemmemersersl | eco a rel eee Fekisian [Pan | 0) gem | 1984[Peru (Poe [ie [_1985|Peru (Bok —|t-—~— ae — ee Reel Penuediere ———— tis eed} ——_ 1-16] — 1987 a (a e Pe Panusere ——-——}/Pak~-|-— — Sera menace ——— ipa) lh 7) 10 a eee 1990 Peru ‘Pa | ete ——* i + a eee SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY OTHER COUNTRY © REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY. REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1984 | Panama P4 114 12461 1985 | Panama P4 0) 1130 —— 1986 | Panama P4 34 ) 1987 | Panama P4 ese. 7H] 1988 | Panama P4 4 1989 | Panama a 13987 1990 | Panama P4 21517 1984|PapuaNew Guinea [P5 | ~—30| 0 1985|PapuaNew Guinea [P5 | —s_Q ) 1986 | Papua New Guinea |P5 40 1987 | Papua New Guinea |P5 eae 1988 | Papua New Guinea |[P5 eee AS Ol (OS9i|RaptalNewiGuinedl|z5 itis eae ne 0 ao ed ee |.1990/PasuaiNew Guineall|PSig| 105 240) | ae Mike? Fane Pee ras Eo) 413 a 1985 P6 0 0 | 1986] P6 10 9 SS ee Portugal P6 0 981) ee Portugal P6 0 315) -——— 1989 | Portugal P6 ) 1045[ . = SS Bea ee Paragua (E724 EO) S| — Paraguay IPE al TO 1986 | Paragua’ [cc een male ©) Sees ak Ee (Sa |. WeaiRardgtay S.-M Teed so Oe |. -_: — a 1988 |Raragtiayes — MIRZA | an 1989 | Paragua’ (Pe) ee ee ee eee | 1990 | Paragua’ Hie Cee lnemaratat ar) ei ae =~ —- rr |. AOS4 tater =e ROI Ee | = — 1B) Wetter OT Ee i ea . AISSGy Qatar is reel Gl ae | ees |S IO 1987 Ee 1988 | Quatar KONE Stes aie eeeg St 22]. —- Quatar LenS al | i a 1990 | Quatar Keiser eso | —— ~- - | 1984 |SeuthiKorea Sia | 50S 5366) ae | 1985|SouthKorea [S17 | 804] 589/90 39998 | 1986/SouthKorea [S17 | 8238/ — 53185/ CO 79286 1987|SouthKorea [S71 | T1886] 1250] 60100) tees Seat es fetta | 22800 | _s067{__s1028 | 1989|SouthKorea [S71 | 0287/5599 7934| 35932 | 1990[SouthKorea [S71 | 300] 4037{ 1400/75 469] | 1984|Solomonisiands [S10 [| OT SAT | 1985 |'Selomonislands- H/SiOME— 1 90] — | 39903| ae | 1986 |Solemonilsiands =7|S10l 9) 0 | 6906 | Se 2 ae ee ee ae "1986|Solomonisiands__[S10_| 0} 960g] > | 11889)/Solomonilsiands =i Si0il)| hs ENO 2527, 1990] Solomon siands~ /S10F 4 50) 22313|. ae SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY - OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1984 | Somalia 6851 1985 | Somalia 11110 1986 | Somalia 8850 1987 | Somalia 13533 iar | 1988 | Somalia 14000 1989 | Somalia 10887 = Somalia 3526 1984 | Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Suriname Senegal | 1985]|Senegal - Senegal Senegal __ 1988 | Senegal 1989 | Senegal 5420 1984 | Sudan 1986 | Sudan 1987 mee oudant (S14 1984 | Sierra Leone 1986 1987 5 — © oo) © = © @ (oe) — oO 8 z | g : Siem ez |_19s9|Sweden [S16 | 1733 mt990|Sweden [S16 | 150 [1984|Singapore [S2_ 194148 [_1985|Singapore [S2_ 449843 n/a | 1986/Singapore ((|[S2 | 487968 869118] 750459 |. 1987|Singapore —s—s«[S2_ 645046 1198381] 1122279 | 1988[Singapore —s«|[S2_—s 505406 1925016| 920358 | | 1989|Singapore —s-(|[S2__ 545713 585181| 1234360| 1573549 (ige0[Singapore——*[S2 390407 498508| 1023884 835399 SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY 1986 | Switzerland OTHER COUNTRY | REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY | REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1984 | South Africa S3 45 151623 1985 | South Africa $3 1986 | South Africa South Africa 20 1988 | South Africa 10 0 | 1990|South Africa [S3 12 a ies ea Switzerland ieee et [Switzerland [S4 isa Ser [Sa ern S| or at el — a 7 4 O|—|D|N}O NO] N} | 01} © 1987 =e 1984 | Spain on as Sse) — 1985 | Spain ISS ee pO a a Pee fy oe ee OY — 1S88||Spani ae aay Pieri =b nt 2G 1989 eas ees) a fae] Sauat Arabia —— 54 Saudi Arabia 54 ee the Mere. TS 1986 pe SBI ernie 0 | -— e ie Se a ee eee oe S6 Se 960] Saual arabia [36 a 5200 | 1965 [Srilanka se S7 ee nO enol |. 0) eee 1986((Srilanka 5252 a STe Se SO 420 || oa tees er ones ez +_____8|____8087{__o[ __s2078] | 1968) (Srilanka 5: S72 |S enol 56331 eee a ae fas} 828 0 53932 |. 1880) Srilaikas | S7 | ee 55959 n/a n/a | 1964\/Swazilandig Ase) aa | - 1985 | Swaziandas =.) (S8h= [aa | 1986|Swaziland [SBTC i ~ — 1967'| Swaziland: $8) a a |. | 1988|(Swaziland’s
  • BO San 68 7650| ee ee 1987|Seychelles [SQ 23023)/|-— ae | 1988! Seychelles ice SORE > oh eee | oan 19620) |_1959 [Seychsllesiieay (Soa) ab 2606 || 1990)/Seychellesiee 2 [Soles 30835 |<“ =~ SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY. ..No: S3 BY COUNTRY YEAR COUNTRY OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY | | REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS Thailand T1 68601 6420 84752 1985 | Thailand T1 90380 17008 96766 22382 1986 | Thailand T1 | 104180 48872 Thailand T1 97583 42042 Thailand T1 88014 65408 Thailand T1 100657 43024 | 1990] Thailand T1 67509 44836 Taiwan 12 252 12367 | 1985] Taiwan T2 700 16342 Taiwan T2 94439 32997 Taiwan T2 16282 65611 20366 T2 90107 21287| 103498] 149857 Taiwan T2 91671 125662| 287450 70135 366277 43357 4311 ) ~“ — A On| @ O|9 O/O;O/;O —_ oO fo} ice} ae oO) | 00 1989 1990 [o) (o) @ [o) (fe) ine) 3409 =-- ase 105 |---| arta Togo fee Sones Ol memannmerad meee vir Or eet PS ar . 1990] 4904 | ciel 41319 71000 | aa ee 24768|--— 1 74560 | ai enn 22188 59768 | ae 54990 150008 |---| 30847 278220 48253 247904 Seo 76091 332015 inners SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 6582 27829 11637 4044 1986 | United Kingdom 3554 1987 | United Kingdom U4 U4 4 U U BY COUNTRY ee OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS Unspecified U2 47 96956 1985 | Unspecified U2 165 95272 —— Unspecified U2 4940 109789 1987 | Unspecified U2 10843 130302 + Unspecified U2 2335 124889 Unspecified U2 997 102892 ——— | 1990] Unspecified U2 —1198 85423 United Arab Em U3 101 43249 =f 1986| United ArabEm_ _| U3 Sea ee es cas be Wis eS =e Ue aa ee 1988] United Arab Em U3 ene} __. 1989 | United Arab Em U3 201073|)__—.- — —|_aSS 1990|United ArabEm_ _|U3 = 20875 —— —-— | ae 1886 United Kingdom [U4 a U4 750 80 1988 | United Kingdom 1989 | United Kingdom 1990 | United Kingdom 3859 1985 | USSR : USSR U5 U5 U5 U5 U6 5 |) H/o G)| 00} CO NY] | Po @|N | 1988 | USSR 1989 1990 | 1985, Uragua U6 Uraguay U6 — Uraguay U6 1989|Uragua U6 Sear | 1990 | Uraguay U6 a 2 a 1984 | Vietnam V1 = Vietnam A eee ee | | 1986) Vieamis = NESS eo | aaa Rc ee a OSS ee ee CS MEE ae i Seo) a ceo | eS FAG) Mistress = inh] Nadine al en nde) Rn OES] | 1990|Vietnam [V1 }—____9,_ S688} _ Giese oid Seine evi. | i 27225 a 25482 folmetens | tWe87lNenezuelag "yal VeRieE isto aire AOS, a a ee ee ee Cy eee Venezuela v2 aa | 1990 | Weneziiela ss 12 fe eee 4000 | | SHARK FIN DATA BOOK SUMMARY...No: S3 BY COUNTRY OTHER COUNTRY REPORTED BY YEAR COUNTRY REF IMPORTS EXPORTS IMPORTS EXPORTS 1984 | West. Samoa Wisi 290 West. Samoa | 0 1986 | West. Samoa W1 0) 1987 | West. Samoa W1 3300 West. Samoa W1 32877 1989 | West. Samoa W1 48300 a 1984 | Yemen (Arab Rep) |Y1 ) | 1985|Yemen (Arab Rep) |Y1 eS ee | Yemen (Arab Rep) | Y1 ee Sa | Yemen (Arab Rep) _|Y1 + | Yemen (Arab Rep) [Y1 eres | 1989| Yemen (Arab Rep)* | Y1 SS eas | 1990|Yemen(ArabRep)* [Yi [| ae | _1984|Yemen (Peop Rep) |Y2 a ee Yemen (Peop Rep) |Y2 ee Yemen (Peop Rep) |Y2 a A ae 1987 | Yemen (Peop Rep) |Y2 ae ae 1988 | Yemen (Peop Rep) [Y2 Ras ee Yemen (Peop Rep) |Y2 eae RR | Yemen (Peop Rep) |Y¥2 aa 1984 | Zaire 21 res ees i | Zaire Z1 rn Pee eT | 1987 | Zaire Z1 ) Zaire Z1 15 rs Zaire Z1 0 bo. ee | 1990| Zaire Z1 0 co a oS [19058416 | 19058416 | 30998905 |30998905 | 19058416 Ee | | TOTAL APPENDIX III Summary of Import Statistics a. Quantity (KG) b. Value (currency) c. Price per KG (currency) d. Value (sterling) e. Price per KG (sterling) Reon nr rerepeeererrrs c= Total value of shark fins imported, identified from the foreign trade statistics of the countries examined. nbz n/a = figures not available at Export Market Information Library a eee eet Se SS SESS Sees SMS Sa Css en IMPORTS (local currency) Total 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 989 1990 Hong Kong HK$ 504569905 285519797 246581198 S5B6699S4 727795615 7E9YBBOSPS Indonesia US$ n/a 0 0 182 17000 6169 Japan yen n/a nZa 0 0) 0 0 Malaysia US$ S126535 2177406 820551 769206 738786 1250020 n/a Rep. Korea US$ n/a 8936 (0) 25740 4295535 366451 2952 Singapore $ n/a n/a 22117000 35597000 42645000 29647000 34275000 Sri Lanka RS n/a Oca ) ) 0 0 n/a Taiwan NT¢ 989000 4354000 1112000 82469000 41008000 51262000 30525000 Thailand BAHT "25222074 425003864 32108742 56968804 57271267 26424394 20254926 Driedx 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Hong Kong HK$ BO4515 15028 285444062 346581198 558655564 740443101 TLB217299 7194715 Indonesia US#% n/a 0 0 182 167 17000 6127 Japan yen n/a n/a 0 0) 0) 0) 0) Malaysia US$ SO099749 2145479 797136 756700 659187 1084564 n/a Rep. Korea US# n/a 0 0 0) 0 0) 0 Singapore $ n/a n/a 21304000 24049000 40754000 38127000 S5258000 Sri Lanka RS n/a 0) 0 0 OF 0 n/a Taiwan NT$ 0) 0 0) (0) 0 44099000 223596000 Thailand BAHT 25222074 45802864 55108742 546968804 57271267 26424294 20254926 Other/Unspecified 198 1985 1986 1987 1988 L989 1990 Hong Kong HK$ 34875 75735 0 14400 14994634 14578216 20409090 Indonesia US$ n/a m0) 0 0 0 42 Japan yen nfa n/a 0 0) 0 0 Malaysia US$ 26784 27927 25415 2506 119% L6cags n/a Rep. Korea US$ n/a 8936 0 35740 429555 366451 298252 Singapore $ n/a n/a 812000 1248000 1891000 1520000 937000 Sri Lanka RS 5 n/a : 0 0 0 10) 0) n/a Taiwan NT$ 989000 436000 1112000 82469000 41008000 9164-000 6929000 Thailand BAHT 0) 0 0) 0 0 0 0 Appendix III,b. nbs n/a = figures not available at Export Market Information Library Appendix III,a. IMPORTS (Kq) Total 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 Hong Kong 2778978 2648187 2979084. FSS2674 : Indonesia n/a 0 0) 50 4000 682 Japan n/a n/a (0) 0) iC) ) Malaysia 274810 162090 72460 64660 73010 F1140 n/a Republic of Korea n/a 90 0) 1250 6067 7934 11400 Singapore n/a n/a 869118 1198381 1925014 340 1022884 Sri Lanka n/a 0) 0 (0) (0) 0 n/a Taiwan 2100 1097 2800 20266 1024993 125662 70135 Thailand 84752 94766 94978 104573 © 121462 82584 66927 TOTAL F140640 2908230 S9L9440 4941914 5976979 S100646 SOLLOSS Dried 1984 1985 19864 1987 1988 1989 1990 __ Hong Kong 2778839 2648007 2879084 2552514 2614918 5406500 B629719 Indonesia n/a (0) 0 oH) 3 4000 650 Japan n/a n/a 0) 0 0) 0 0) Malaysia 272.800 161200 2570 64120 5312 78960 n/a Republic of Korea n/a 0 ) 0 0) 0 0 Singapore n/a n/a 861000 1178000 1879000 1198000 1006000 Sri Lanka n/a 0 0 0 0 0 n/a Taiwan ) 0 0) 0 0 96555 39905 Thailand 84752 96766 94978 104573 121462 2584 6692 TOTAL SLO7 291 29059738 39076382 4899257 5699505 4867399 4745201 Other/Unspecified 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 198 1990 CS IID yy Poli ne aga a a ag ps yy I ~ Hong Kong 139 180 0 120 23005 147466 208209 Indonesia n/a ; 0 0) 0) 0 O> 22 Japan n/a n/a ) 0 0) 0) 0 Malaysia 1010 890 B90 540 19890 12180 n/a , Republic of Korea n/a 90 egnes (0) 250 6067 7934 11400 | Singapore n/a n/a 118 20281 26016 246360 17884 i Sra Lanka n/a 0 0 0 (0) 0 n/a Taiwan 2100 1097 2800 20366 102498 29307 5023 Thailand 0 0 0 0 () 0) 0 TOTAL S249 2057 11808 49657 2784764 253247 267855 % Dried 99.90 99.92 99.70 99.14 5.3 95.43 Poe) % Other/Unspecified -10 »08 3 ~86 4.66 4.5 Reese te re noe are tener tai Value of shark fins IMPORTS (# sterling) Tota imported, identitied from the foreign trade elataetice of the countries examined. figures not available at Export Market Information Li Hong Kong 32657714.91 255842 207352546. 41 Indonesia n/a ae 200 Japan n/a n/a 200 Malaysia 2627338,66 1519864, 34 5469827. 08 Republic of Korea n/a 6248.95 00 Singapore n/a n/a 6976971.41 Sri Lanka n/a 200 200 Taiwan 21069.45 7639.74 21632. 65 Thailand 79690597 1164377.03 1420019. 84 TOTAL 6103028. 99 82825 6 29740997.59 Dried > f 1984 1985 1984 30752546. 41 Hong Kong 32651827. 04. 2557742 Indonesia } n/a PxOX0) Japan n/Zia 0 Malaysia 2604831.09 “ 66.67 Republic of Korea y n/a «00 -00 Singapore n/a n/a 6720504.73 Sri Lanka n/a Fuel) 00 Taiwan ; 200 200 ~ 00 Thailand 796905.97 1164377.03 1420019. 84 TOTAL Dried 1984 1985 1986 Hong Kong 887.88 6786.29 00 Indonesia n/a 200 00 Japan n/a n/a -00 Malaysia 22507.56 Tar ey / 16260. 42 Republic of Korea n/a 6248.93 » 00 Singapore : n/a n/a 296464. 88 Sri Lanka n/a »00 200 Taiwan 21069.45 7629.74 21632.45 Thailand » 00 200 00 Sone ata en en ninIaiaiaremeiemetatemetatemmmeme eee Appendix III,d. brary 1987 1988 29177416, 82 525 aes 58150640. 18 99.435 74 19625.00 ‘i 00 00 .00 . 00 420331.15 412385,70 781262.50 Bes 19520.05 23452. 72 229031.88 151944,5 9644959.15 11945378. 1 12963071.90 Wore ome 00 00 00 n/a 160695. 08 790591.86 1217648.46 579274.12 1244403.76 1218527.60 641268.79 421977,65 50667435.46 Sh etc 735973648. 69 60609045, 29 1987 1988 1989 1990 29176407.01 L491175.% 56966237. 94 A777 3672 .18 99.45 90.76 19623,00 3174.61 0) Q 0) 0) 97. 27 B47 584, 24 677852. 5 na +00 00 00 .00 9277656. 68 11415686, 27 12465071.90 10041566, 27 00 00 » 90 n/a 00 » 00 Oe 12 446915.00 1244403.76 1218537.60 6413568.79 421977.635 1987 1988 1989 1990 1009.82 1042742, 4 1164402, 24 1255185. 26 200 00 00 BWA Tie) 00 «00 00 00 6933.88 64999 .46 103410.00 n/a 193530.05 452.72 229031.88 151944. 04 367302.45 529691. 88 500000. 00 282228.92 00 200 00 n/a 160495. 08 790591.86 122640.23 EATS U2 . 00 00 a) 0 SHARK FIN IMPORTS PRICE PER KG (currency) Hong Kong HK$ Indonesia US¢ Japan yen Malaysia US$ Rep. Korea USS Singapore $ Sri Lanka RS Taiwan NT$ Thailand BAHT n/a 297.60 1985 1986 1987 1988 107.82 120.38 157.26 202.10 200 .00 3.64 55.67 n/a 200 200 200 13.41 Po 1y7, 11.90 10.39 99.29 200 28.59 70.80 n/a 25.45 29.54 22.15 -.00 200 200 290 397.45 397.50 410.93 396.22 452.68 559.17 344.78 435.65 316.14 192.78 9.05 200 n/a ZowiZ 33.48 Hong Kong HKS 109.51 107.80 120.3) 157.26 204.83 209.37 198.22 Indonesia USS n/a 200 200 3.64 S35. 67 4.25 9.43 Japan yen n/a n/a 00 .00 00 Pxeyo) 200 Malaysia US$ 11.32 13.31 ; 10.98 11.80 12.03 13.74 n/a Rep. Korea USS n/a 200 200 200 200 .00 -00 Singapore $ n/a n/a 24.74 28.90 21.46 31.83 33.14 Sri Lanka RS n/a 200 .00 200 200 200 n/a Taiwan NT$ 200 200 200 200 200 | 478.43 586.29 Thailand BAHT 297 0 tn 452.68 59.17 544.70 433.65 | 716.14 702.64 Other 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 Hong Kong HKS 394.78 420.75 200 120.00 121.90 98.86 97.98 Indonesia USS n/a -00 200 .00 .00 .00 1.31 Japan yen n/a n/a 200 200 -00 00 00 Malaysia US 26.52 31.38 26.31 23.16 6.01 13.58 n/a Rep. Korea US% n/a 99.29 -00 28.59 70.80 46.19 25.672 Singapore $ n/a n/a 100.15 66.14 72.69 2.08 92.97 Sri Lanka RS n/a 200 -00 200 .00 .00 n/a Taiwan NT$ 470.95 397.45 397.50 410.93 396.22 | 176.20 229.21 Thailand BAHT .00 .00 .00 .00 -00 | .00 +00 “Appendix Tesi -—-4 “O°TII xtpuaeddy MOMN MOMMA MOMMS MOMMA youMa MOMMA PUPTTEUL top pol 68°L gL"L 96°9 £0°OT - URMTR] } BsU youu wouNa YOUMa MOMMA yOuMa eyu eyue] Tg aE 9E"OE c0"8T 465"TE Ryu R/U asodebuts H 82 Bb "BE 29 “ST YOUMA Eb "69 By/u Ra4oy "day bb's Deus Oone Le°8T #6°TS ace ersderey i MOMS vOMMA MOMMA MOMMA B/U Byu ueder 89° MOMMA YOMMS MOMMA esu BTSBUOpUT TS°9 062 ans chs 22 Buoy Buoy 0661 6861 BB6T L861 9861 PBdT ; 42430 T2"9 L9°L LE "6 O4°TT Sh "PT £0"ST Ob" pueTreyL Oc "TT 92°TT YOUN youMa MONMA MOMMA youNa ueMTeL Ryu 00° 00" 00° 00" 00° Bsu BHURT TAS 86° OP AOt 10°? 8B°Z 18°Z B/U esu asodebuts YOUMI YOUN YOUNS YONNa 00° YONA Byu weuoy “day R/U s*8 *S"9 obo 29°L TE "6 TS" BTSARTEW 00° 00° 00° 00" BsU R/U uedep U9 Ge "0f 66°T | 00° 00° eyu ‘ eTSsauopuy EL°9T be" PT 20°TT 89 °0T 99° GZ"TT Buoy Buoy O66T 684T 8861 £861 9861 S861 PBdT pataq TE"9 L9°L E76 O6°TT 86 "PT 20°C Ore | pueTTeyL z°8 69° e9rL 68°L S2°4 96°9 20°OT uemTe Ryu eB7u ByYULT TAS i B0°OT OS*ot Te"9 50" £0°8 R/U R/U awodeburs S227 £8°BE Bb "as Z9°ST Sb "49 esu coupe aved E/U £5°8 89°S 05°9 9L°L gs" 95° - BTSARTRY ; R/U R/U uedep { 69"b 99s Gor 66"T esu ) eTSauopuy | 08°t 29T SO "bT £0 "TT 89 "OT 99° SL°TT mee et Buoy Buoy tee Mi AEST tm aches | eS ie Fonte en an nnn eee ene | 0661 6841 S861 £861 9861 S861 PBST . TR POL j sa a a ae & us Bs oY .4 ee « ‘ * ‘* APPENDIX IV Summary of Export Statistics a. Quantity (KG) b. Value (currency) c. Price per KG (currency) d. Value (sterling) e. Price per KG (sterling) POTPES ) 0 066252 meer Z Ryu 0 0 66265 6bS8h 8 TRG 8 0 10) 64e 69052 B/u 0 0 9vETZ to Ci uD 2868 ps oO Ryu 6STér 000908 OOOECST 000228 0 0 0 e/u 00eT OZet b9ETSh CPOLZOS OLPZ2ES BcOkLb EbpSsr L£LEB25T TOLCOvT LOIESTT 0661 6061 Bat AAAI UOT }Y puy pur aedag AIMNGS AOPMT YAY ARW al ut ueath CQUUWE LO aya £825 ) i) 0 PURT TE YL 8090ST. 9L9 LZ£IBPT URMTP YL R/\ WYUBT Tag e/u auodeburg w/u Ad $O AtTqnday 0 BTSABT EW P/U uede eTsauopuy Buoy Suoy tytoaadsuny4ayyo WAOL PUB TEE UL URMT RL PYUR TAG adodebucs PaAQY -O ILL gGnday BISARTEW uedyep ®TSQUOpUT Buoy Buoy LOLOTGE TL0208 cBEce CORPS 0 826eS 000680T ) ws ) 0 OP0ET 08e 0608 OaTeey LP9O0TL es EP LOG Brcacr Seed 6TLnag Bl49CE L861 9G4T S867 bBOt KPAT AQ PEvvBLE LZTOTS be GLG bere Mb bS eae 0685 LLE9PE LEB6bT B7u 6STép 66255 BEE0C 69~S2 BcOTS eByu 0023 poCTar OLPLES 9oSTcr crbpasr ECS609T OTT PE vt TL0Z0E 066T 63861 884T c T49S08 ene WLOL 690E VOLE PUBTTEYL BOPV0ST B96 29091 URMT? | 826c5 erga ESERE w/u BYURT TAG 6LeEETT 6SvOSL R/U R/U adodeburg 00T09 4 B666E RAaAOY +O ItTGnday OF0ET 8 0600 BISART RW S8ce LOGOTL Bysu urdeyp EVLODG BpEder BL69EE RTSauopuT S8E9>S BSI 96S bLeder Buoy Buoy ; TP}OL (By) SiMadXs LB6T 786T Saat AMAGU] UOT PRWAOLUT Par, APYW a Ve OTGeT wae You seunBty = eyu squ 0 0) l £98058 OOOSTTGP O00r8TSE OOOST rhe 9 0) Q 996b cOZS Teet B8720T TLTT89 SorpZot 80PZ80T e/u LEQBLT Stee 0) 9 0) 0) 9 0) EOvT 0) 0) QOBPETET O8bhEESS ELTTEZ? OOPOTT 066T &34T Bet L861 TLB9CRTE bOOE89 LE Tee TES9OLBPE 0009EBT 000bBE8 Q R/U PSBOOLFE bee LICTESIE é3Z8e LLETE : LE872 A) 0 0 Ryu 89d p6E9L OOOENBSSbT OOOT LPR Z ZO8T OOOP9ISESBT PBLB 066 EBSCZLPOT 2162629 LIO0E OLE ObLESE9LT PLEPTPOST S9OTSPLOLT TLO7CPTE POOR89 LE PLE LolLle 00054069 00066P25 oooaTa OOOST rhe R/U PSBOOLPE TETSObee LOETEEPS QO09TLLE OOOEPEDE OOOTOTE? O00B89CBE 6589201 TL 189 S8rPZot 8ObZ80T R/U SOZ046T SSSstt PbC9L OOOEOBSBHT QOOTLEPELT O000LPE08T 000998E88T PBLEP6S EPZB8S0TT CL6E6EF L90202E OSSeSh6sT PS06RS46T BLE9SB9LT StLEvSPLt O61 686T B8hT L861 9 0 0) pueT TRY 00006TH 0000SE OOOPETE : URM TR | 0) i) w/u BYURT TAs PITT R/U R/U awodebuts G16668 bBdlGb B/U RauOy $O ITT Qnday 0 0 0 BTSART EW 0 R/U R/U urdep 0) Ww/M _ RTS@UOPUT 602ERS 989OTOT Buoy Buoy 986T SB4T PROT pat}TIadsun/74ay30 WILOL CTPTSSLT PP99ETS PURT TR YL 0) 0 URMT | 68EPESOT R/U BYUR] TAS R/U R/U ; auodeburs a0) Rs eadsOy $O ITTQnday E96bE 96ST BTSART ey Rysu R/U urdep OTELLD R/U PT SSUOPUT BOLEAOTL DOP Le9S9 Buoy buoH OBST. S84T boat KPaT A TSTO9SBS eTOTSSZT beO9IGTS PUBTTRYL 000046TH 0000 QOOPETE UPM TE SOTISEHT — 6BEPESOT eBsu HIS) pats) OOOEELES R/U R/U :) asodeburs é1E6468 PBdZ44 Rsu Ra40y +0 ITT Gnday OvZt EVSbE 9655 BTSARTEW OOOELTLELT R/U R/U Ben uedet TEZEZ0T OTELZLY R/U EPSauopuy EO6THIED T9OBOEEL EBLBEIP? Buoy Buoy 9B4T S867 bOOt TR POL (AduasAND TRIOT) SLYOAXG T] UOTPRWAOFUT axYARW PAOUX| STGETLRAR POU Saanbry = eyu rqu "DAUTULNA SATALUNOD BY} FO SITPST}PEYS apeaz UBTajO} OY} WOW, Paty tpUapt “"pazsodxa SuTF yARYS +O A|NTRA THRO] — Ne ae oe 00° 00" 00° S6°ZST 22°89 S6°SZ2T 20°88T TE "Z9t e/su 00" 00° 00° ct* oT" Sie vo" vL*s 96°8T 90°TZ 60°81 BAS » 6S°LT 96°SI 00° 00* 00* 00" 00" 00° oO'T oO" 00° 62 °8T 62°82 £6°64r 00 °049 0661 6861 BB6T L861 0B °6SzT St°L8Z 26°Stv9 69°ZSL SS"TzZz 99°B001 00° 00° eyu Zev f79 ZB°099 S2°s0s 0° zo° yo°* 20° 2% 00° 00° 00° eyu Zz "OT Z°Lt v8°s vS°Z6zs vo°tsrs 60°6T rs 16°6L6Z 09 °SZ So°zz 2L°St v6°r So*vtt 68°SST vS*Zbt vZ°SST 0661 6861 8B6T Z86T 08 °6SZ St°Z8Z 26°St9 60°4S9 By °69T £0°00Z% 40°881 TE°S9t eyu Zy°Sb9 ZB "099 S2"sos ST °Sb OT "Sz vL°St Obs vL°St 96°81 90°TZ 60°8T eyu TB°9T Z6°ST v8"s yS°Z6Zs po*tSps 60°6T bE 16°6L6c 09°Sz Tele SLs v6"b SLE 255 pt6e ZS"9vT St°Sst 0661 6861 8861 2861 00° Lo°Lbov 00° 80° sort 00° OZ "E82 00° Of*TOr 20° 00° T2°9 S2o°oLrrz Te °z vz "pot 02 *28L Lo°Lbory Of ° TO” T9°TS Sort TZ°9 S2°ofLrz Te" 66°OT “O° AI xtpuaddy 00° OG" LHVG PUETTEYL GL°LTS ° ZS °9ST $SLN UeMTeL 00° eyu SY eBAUED tus eyu eyu $ eaodeBbuts Sv°ct esyu $SN Paso “day 00° 00" ¥$SN etsketTey eyu eysu us A ueder 00° eysu $SN etsauopuy ¥9°Z2S vc"to9o $yH 6uoy BuoH SB8ét vB8édt 498430 BI "vBZz TL*Sbvy T4P) LHYG PUT FEY) 00° 00° S$LN UBMTeL vZL"66z eyu SY exue7 T4S eyu eyu $ euaodebuts 00° esyu $5N eav0y “day vo"ttT ZE"L ¥$SN ETSAeTey esu esu uad uedep LO°Z eysu $SN ersauopuy St°Z9t vS*Sot T4P) $yH Buoy Buoy S861 vBat xPpaetaq BT “tBZ TL°Srr T4P) LHYG PUETTeEYL SZ°L4TS fS*9ST (48430) $LN UeMTeL vL°665 eyu SY ByUeT FAS eyu eyu $ auodeburts Svat esyu $SN easoy sday ve"tt Ceyod4 x$SN ersAeTey esu eu uaA ueder 40°2S eyu $SN etssuopuy 00°49T B=" LIT $>H Buoy Buoy S8é6t vBét APaA (A3ua44N3D) O> B3d 3ITAd SLYOdXS NIJ MYVHS SS eee ETLTE9S SEObbHE 2680091 TEL6801 BLEPSZL eas GO6EST WLOL 0) 0 ) 98581 0 0 0 PUueTTeyL LOPOSTT LEPPITT 8g: 86289 B2r 18 ETD TOMS UBMTe R/U ny) 0) 0 0 0 ws ByURT TAG Fart EOP 2651 26E Loe R/U Bs adodeBbuts EROLES TELGTP 66285 TTCPSS EGpeeg? 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HYHHS > alae 77 a peteye tees ut “ : Sel ee {oaponss ~ e 4:48 ; as f shear ee 4 ‘ a tart L APPENDIX V Exchange Rates used in the conversion of currency values to sterling NOTE: Malaysia statistics gi i give values in $. Have assumed i be US$ in the absence of i i ee fie Hinggit. of other information. The local currency is The currency used for the Malaysian Government statistis should be Malaysian $ and not US$. Figures derived from the value of Malaysian import or export have to be changed accordingly. been dt Vv XENIA PB ap eeApVeeo edd nt Skew secon, egies . tiNede 62 sadev yourrwm to atteue sieve = Gd ebetd dpemee Veli .@. 11¢ pk yore feo6d SF vin et! , , ; d. 1 at ‘ to sonesda aclrink Beth: ‘hgonta eid APPENDIX ¥V Exchange Rates used in conversion of Currency values to sterling Source: Financial Times: World Value of the Found (1984-1987), FT Guide to World Currencies (1988-1990), December values taken in each case. 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 L990 Hong Kong HES poor Paes Venez 14,26" T4e88) Ta052 hare Indonesia US ihe te 1,43 1.44 Piaaeaey 1.84 1.66 ire Japan yen 294.75 289.00 234.50 232.00 226.25 231.00 256.75 Malaysia USSx Peel? 1.43 L. 44 Ty its Beh 1.84 1,40 ie a Rep, Korea US& Le. 1.435 1.44 al oe Ft 1.84 1.60 pepe Singapore ate) Se i i ys teys pueciie 3.06 Se $ri Lanka RS 30.75 28.69 40.90 55.60 61.00 464.10 76.59 Taiwan NTS AA. 94 S7207 Wala 52.08 S1.87) 42, 10 oeeee Thailand BAHT 21.65. 37.62 37.40 45.78 47.00 41.20 48.006 * NE: Assumed USS as mot otherwise specified, local currency = Ringgit Te ee pane ee ae sare was ear SSN acs ors Sa ssp en pest ps mln ses ss pone >eroe wove >en om fons ete as ces nt were hie Sd wir tad 9a astm cen meat meer, se bn isons one rats me em t= sberscen tree Sa SS Set §3 mee | ’ ~ re e =a a